Southern Germany and Austria, including Hungary and Transylvania : handbook for travellers

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B/EDEKER'S GUIDE BOOKS.

»avbart Collese Itdtatj n

tJHARLES MI NOT ■ ,',

■N
Keceived T jVoV.,l«S%-. ''

f

J

I ^

SOUTHERN GERMANY

AND

AUSTRIA.

KOVET TABLE.

^

fCeikUu

^dftrd»

ojgz;

Od

< CO

Q

SOUTHERN GERMAOT

AND

AUSTRIA,

INCLUDING

HUNGARY AND TRANSYLVANIA.

HANDBOOK FOE TRAVELLERS

// 1 BY

K. BAEBEKEE.

With 14 Maps and 80 Plans.
SIXTH SOITION, BEVISSD AND ATJaMBNTES.

J LEIPSIC : KABL BAEDEKER, PUBLISHER.

LONDON: DÜLAÜ AND CO., 37 SOHO SQUARE, W.

1887.

All rights resei-ved.

Vo-a^ 15-L.^. 3C

^

^Go, little book, God send thee good passage,
And specially let this he thy prayere,
TTnto them all that thee will read or hear,
Where thou art wrong, after their help to call.
Thee to correct in any part or all.''

GHAUCEB.

PBEFACE.

The Handbook for South Gsbhany and Austria,
which is now issued for the sixth time, and corresponds
with the twentyfiist German edition, is designed to assist the
traveller in planning his tour and disposing of his time to the
best advantage, to render him as far as possible independent
ofthe services of hotel'keepers, commissionnaires, and guides,
and thus enable him the more thoroughly to enioy and ap-
preciate the objects of interest he meets with on nis tour.

The Handbook has been compiled almost entirely from
the personal observation of the Editor, and most of the country
described has been repeatedly explored by him with a view
to procure the latest possible information ; but, as many of
the data in the Handbook relate to matters which are con-
stantly undergoing alteration, he will highly appreciate any
corrections or suggestions with which travellers may favour
him. Those already received, which in manv instances have
proved most useful, he gratefully acknowledges.

The routes describing the mountainous districts of S. Ger-
many and Austria (Tyrol, Salzkammergut, etc.), formerly
included in this Handbook, have now, for the convenience of
travellers, been published in a separate volume entitled 'The
Eastern Alps'.

The Maps and Plans, on which special care has been
bestowed, will, it is hoped, render material service to the
traveller in planning his tour.

Time Tables. Information as to the departure of trains,
steamboats , and diligences is seldom to be relied upon un-
less obtained from local sources. Full and accurate time-
tables are contained in the ' Kursbuch', published at Berlin,
and in ^HendscheVs Telegraph\ published at Frankfort on the
Main, both of which are issued monthly in summer. The best
Austrian publication of the kind is ' Waldheim's Conduetmr\
which appears at Vienna monthly.

Distances by road are given approximately in English
miles ; but in the case of mountain-excursions they are ex-

▼I PREFACE.

pressed by the time in which they can be accomplished by
average walkers. Heights are given in English feet (1 Engl,
ft. = 0,3048 m^tre = 0,938 Parisian ft. « 0,971 Prussian ft.),
and the Populations from data furnished by the most re-
cent census.

Hotels. The Editor has endeavoured to enumerate, not
only the first-olass hotels , but others of a less pretending
kind, which may be safely selected by the 'voyageur en gar-
9on', with little sacrifice of comfort, and great saving of ex-
penditure. . Hotel-charges , as well as carriage-fares and fees
to guides, are liable to frequent variation, and generally have
a strong upward tendency ; but these items, which are stated
either from the personal experience of the Editor or from data
furnished by numerous travellers, will at least afford the
traveller an approximate idea of his expenditure.

To hotel-keepers, tradesmen, and others the Editor begs
to intimate that a character for fair dealing towards tra-
vellers forms the sole passport to his commendation, and that
advertisements of every kind are strictly excluded from his
Handbooks.

I
J

CONTENTS.

Page.

I. Language. Money xiii

II. Passports. Custom Houses xiy

III. Gonyeyances xiv

IV. Hotels . XV

Wnrtemberg.

Route.

1. Stuttgart and Environs 1

2. From Heidelberg to Stuttgart by Brucbsal 12

Maulbronn,' 12. — From Zaffenhaufien to Calw and Horb, 13.

3. From Stuttgart to Wildbad 13

From Pforzheim to Calw, 14. — From Pforzheim to Carls-
ruhe, 15. — Excursions from Wildbad, 16.

4. From Stuttgart to Hanau 16

From Jagstfeld to Osterburken and to Heidelberg, 18.

5. From Heilbronn to Hall (Nuremberg) 20

6. From Stuttgart to Crailsheim and Nuremberg vl& Backnang 21

From Backnang to Bietigheim, 21. — From Crailsheim to
Hergentheim and to Hördlingen, 22.

7. From Stuttgart to Nordlingen and Nuremberg 23

From Aalen to Ulm, 24.

8. From Stuttgart to Friedrich sbaf en 25

From Geislingen to the Swabian Alb, 27. — From tJlm to
Kempten, 29. — From Aulendorf to Isny and to Herber-
tingen, 29. — Veitsburg. Waldburg, 30.

9. From Stuttgart to Tübingen and Horb 31

Bebenhausen. Wurmlinger Capelle, 32. — The Baths of
Imnau, S3.

10. From Stuttgart to Böblingen and Schafihausen 33

From Eutlngen to Hausach, 34. — From Bottweil to Vil-
lingen, 85. — Hohentwiel, 86.

11. The Swabian Alb 36

12. From Tübingen to Hechingen and Sigmaringen .... 41

HohenzoUem, 42. — The Upper Valley of the Danube, 45.

13. From Ulm to Badolfzell and Constance 45

The Bussen, 46. — From Mengen to Sigmaringen, 47. — From
Schwakenreute to Aulendorf, 47. — Excursions from Con-
stance. Hainan. Heersburg. Ueberlingen, 49, 60.

Bavaria.

14. From Frankfort to Nuremberg by Würzburg 51

From Frankfort to Hanau vii Offenbach, 51. — From Aschaf-
fenburg to Hayence direct, 52. — From Aschi^enburg to
Amorbach. From Miltenberg and from Lohr to Wertheim,
53. — The Spessart. From Gemünden to Elm, 54. — From
Gemünden to Hammelburg and to Schweinfurt, 55.

^il CONTENTS.

Route. ^H®'

15. From Würzburg to Heidelberg 60

From Lauda to Wertheim. From Königshofen to Mergent-
beim. From Osterburken to Jagstfeld, CK). — From Neckar-
elz to Meckesheimf 61.

16. From Leipsic to Nuremberg by Bamberg 62

From Plauen to Eger, 62. — The Baths of Stehen. From
Hof to Eger, 63. — From Hochstadt to Saalfeld, 64. — Banz.
Vierzehnheiligen, 64, 65.

17. From Würzburg to Bamberg. Kissingen 71

The Ludwigsbad Wipfeld, 71. — Excursions from Bocklet
and from Brückenau. From Eissingen to Meiningen, 74.

18. From Neuenmarkt to Weiden. The Fichtelgebirge . . . 75

19. Franconian Switzerland 81

20. Nuremberg 85

21. From Nuremberg to Eger by Schnabelwaid 95

The Nuremberg Switzerland. From Schnabelwaid to Bai-
reuth, 96.

22. From Nuremberg to Augsburg 97

' From Kordlingen to Dombühl. From Donauwörth to "Stn-.

Offingen, 96.

23. From Nuremberg to Ratisbon 104

The Walhalla, 109.

24. From Batisbon to Donauwörth (and Augsburg) . . . . 110

Eelheim and the Befreiungshalle, 111. — The Danube from
Eelheim to Weltenburg, 111. — From Abensbex^ to Eining
(Abusina). The Teofelsmauer, 113. — From Ingolstadt to
Augsburg, 112.

25. From Frankfort to Munich by Ansbach and Ingolstadt . . 113

Bothenburg on the Tauber, 113.

26. From Stuttgart to Munich 117

Burg Landshut. From Landthut to Landau, 120.

27. From Leipsic to Munich Yi& Hof and Ratisbon .... 118

28. Munich , 121

29. From Munich to Lindau 168

From Eaufering to Landsberg. From Augsburg to Buchloe.
From Buchloe to Memmingen, 168. — Excursions from Lin-
dau. The Lake of Constance, 171.

30. From Munich to Salzburg 171

From Munich to Bosenheim via Holzkirchen. The Chiem-
see, 172.

31. From Munich to Linz by Simbach .....,...,, 173

From Braunau to Steindorf, 173.

32. From Nuremberg to Fürth (and Prague) ,174

From Neukirchen to Weiden, 174. — - The Hohe Bogen, 175.

33. From Ratisbon to Fassau and Ltnz 175

Excursions from Passau, 173, 179- — The Danube from Passau
to Linz, 180.

34. From Rosenheim to Eisenstein by Mühldorf and Plattling.

The Bavarian Forest . 181

Austria.

35. Vienna 187

I. The Inner City and the Ring-Strasse 197

CONTENTS. i^

Boate. Paee.

a. Church of St. Stephen. Graben. Kohlmarkt .... 197

b. The Imperial Hofburg and its Collections 200

c. The S.E. Part of the Inner City 204

d. The N.W. Part of the Inner City 207

e. The Bin^-Strasse 210

II. The Outer Districte 218

36. Enviions of Vienna 241

Schönbrunn. Hietzing. Penzing, 241. — Brühl. Laxenburg.
Baden, 242-245. — Kahlenberg and Leopoldsberg, 246. —
Klostemeuburg. Dornbach. Xeu-Waldegg, 247.

37. From Vienna to Linz 248

Hadersdorf. Haimbach, Mauerbach, 248. — From St. Pol-
ten to Leobersdorf , 249. — From Pöchlarn to Eienberg-Ga-
ming. From Gaming to Göstling and to Weyer. From Am-
stetten to Elein-Beifling. Waidhofen, 250. — St. Florian.
Tillysburg, Sföi. — Excursions from Linz. From Linz to Hichl-
dorf. Bad Hall, 253.

38. The Danube from Llnz to Vienna 253

From Krems to Absdorf, 257.

39. From Linz to Salzburg 258

From Attnang to Schärding, 258. >- Excursions from Salz-
burg, 265.

40. From Vienna to Gratz 267

Galnfam. Herkenstein, 267. — Excursions from Gratz, 272.

— From Gratz to Baab and Stuhlweissenburg. Bad Gleichen-
berg, 273.

41. From Gratz to Trieste 273

From Pragerhof to Kanizsa. Warasdin, 274. — Bath« of Bo-
hitsch and of Neuhaus, 274. — From Steinbrück to Agram,
275. — The Sulactite Caverns of Adelsberg. The Beka Ca-
taracts at St. Canzian, 276. — Excursions from Trieste, 280.

Boliemia and Horavia.

42. Prague 281

43. From Dresden to Prague 294

From Bodenbach to Dux and Komotau. The Schneeberg,
295. — From Aussig to Teplitz and to Bilin, 296.

44. Teplitz and Environs . 297

Eichwald, The Mileschauer. Dux. Osaegg. Battle-field of
Kulm, 300.

45. From Prague to Carlsbad and Eger 301

From Wejhybka to Kralnp. From Saaz to Dux, 301. — From
Komotau to Teplitz. From Brüx to Prague. From Komotau
to Chemnitz, 302. — From Keusattel to Elbogen. From Fal-
kenau to Graslitz, 303. — Excursions from Eger. Franzens-
bad, 305.

46. Carlsbad 305

47. From Prague to Fürth (Nuremberg, Munich) 309

Schloss Karlstein. From Zditz to Protivin. Pfibram, 309.

— From Pilsen to Saaz and Eisenstein, 310.

48. From Eger to Vienna 311

From Bndweis to St. Valentin, 313. — The Krieger- Walhalla
at Wetzdorf, 314.

49. From Dresden (Berlin) to Vienna by Tetsohen and Iglau 314

From Tetschen to Böhmisch-Leipa and l^imburg, 314. — Ex-
cussions from Leitmeritz, 315. — From Deutsch-Brod to

i CONTENTS.

Bonte. Page.

PaTdubitz. From Okrigchko to Brunn, 317. — The Thaya-
thal. From Znaim to Grussbach, 318.

50. From Prague to Vienna 319

a. Via Brunn 319

From Böhmisch-Trübau to Olmüts, 319. — From Bränn to
Tischnowitz. From Brunn to Vienna via Grussbaeh, 322. —
From Brunn to Prerau. From Landenburg to Orassbach, 323.

b. Via Gmünd 324

c. Via Znaim 324

51. From Pardubitz to Zittau 324

Battle-field of Koniggratz. From Josefstadt to Liebau, 325. —
From Tuman to Prague. From Beichenbeig to Seidenberg, 327.

52. From Vienna to Breslau 327

From Prerau to Olmütz. From Pohl to Boaclinau. FromZauchtl
to Neutitschein, 328. — From Schönbrunn to Troppau and
Jägemdorf. From Oppeln to Vossowska. From Brieg to
Keisse and Gräfenberg, 329.

Hungary and Galioia.

Introductory Remarks 330

53. The Danube from Vienna to Pest 332

Excursions from Pressburg, 334.

54. Pest and Ofen 336

54. From Vienna to Pest via Pressburg 348

56. From Vienna to Ofen by Neu-Szöny 349

The Abbey of St. Martinsberg. From Baab to Oedenbnrg
and Ebenfurt. From Stuhlweissenburg to Steinamanger, 350.

57. From Pest to Flume via Kanizsa and Agram 351

From Siöfok to Füred, 361. — From Agram to Sissek, 362.

58. From Vienna to Mohacs by Kanizsa 353

The Neusiedler See, 363.

59. The Danube from Pest to Orsova 355

60. From Pest to Belgrade 361

61. From Pest to Orsova and Verciorova Yi& Temesvär . . . 362

From Pest to Temesvär by Arad. From Temesv^r to Bäziis,
363. — The Hercules Baths of Meh&dia. From Verciorova
to Bucharest, 364.

62. From Pest to Debreczin, Szathmar, and Marmaros Sziget 365

From Debreczin to Hiskolcz, 366.

63. From Grosswardein to Essegg and Villany 366

64. From Pest to Klausenburg 367

65. From Pest to Kaschau and Eperies 368

From Hatvan to Szolnok, 368. — Erlau. Diös Györ. Tapolcza,
369. — Bartfeld. From Eperies to Tamöw. Krynlca. Ze-
giestöw. Sczcawnica, 370.

66. From Kaschau to Marmaros Sziget 370

From Legenye-Mihilyi to Przemysl, 371. — Unghv^r. Mun-
kAcs, 371.

67. From Pest to Oderberg 372

Szliics. Keusohl. Schemnitz, 372.

68. From Fülek to B4nr^ve, Dobschau. and Miskolcz . . . 373

Cavern of Aggtelek, 3TB.

■a.

CONTENTS. »1

Route. Page.

69. From Pies8l)nrg to Tymau and Sillein. "Waag Valley . . 374

From Tyman to Szered, 374,

70. From Oderberg to Kaschau 376

Baths of Korytnica. Excursions from Popräd. Leutschau, 377.

71. The Tatra Mountains 378

Excursions from Schmeks. Eohlbaeh Valley, etc., 381. —
Lake of Csorba. Valley of Mengsdorf, 381. — The Krivän,
382. — From Kesmark to the Steinhach and Weisswasser
Valleys. Cavern of Bela, 382. — From Javorina to the Fisch-
see and the Five Lake Valley, 383. — Excursions from Zako-
pane. Hagöra, etc., 383.

72. From Vienna to Cracow. Wiellczka 384

73. From Cracow to Lemberg and Czernowltz 388

From Przemysl to Stanislau, 388. — From Lemberg to Odessa,
389. — From Czemowita to Bucharest, 391.

Traiuylvania.

Introductory Remarks 392

74. From Arad to Heimannstadt 395

The Gold Mines of Kagytfg. From D4va to Vi^jda Hunyad.
From Piski to the Hätszeg Valley and Petrozseny, 396. —
From Karlsburg to Abrudbänya, 397. — Heltau. Michels-
berg. Bothenthurm Pass, 399. — From Hermannstadt by
Fogaras to Kronstadt, 400.

75. From Hermannstadt to Kronstadt 400

Birthelm, 400. — Vargyas Valley. Baths of Elöpatak, 401.
— Excursions from Kronstadt. Bosenau. Törzburg. Tömös
Pass. The Siebendörfer, 402. — Land of the Szeklers. From
Kronstadt by Sep«i Szent György to K^zdi Väs^rhely and
Tusnad. From Kronstadt to the Bath» of Borsz^k through
the Upper Valley of the Alt and the Gyergvjö Plain, and
back by Sz^kely Udvtfrhely to Schässburg, 408.

76. From Klausenbnrg to Hermannstadt and Kronstadt . . . 404

From Gy^res to Torda and Nagy-Enved, 405. — From KoesArd
to Maros V^ilrhely and Bistritz, 405.

77. From Klansenburg to Bistritz 406

From Bistritz to Suczawa in the Bukowina, 407. — From
Bistritz to Naszöd and Rodna, 406.

78. From Kronstadt to Predeal and Bncharest 408

From Bucharest to Giurgevo and Smarda, 410.
Index 411

Maps.

^1. South Gbbmany and Attstbia: before tlie Title.
2. The Envibons of Stuttoaet: R. 2; between pp. 2, 3.
^3. The SwABiAN Alb: RR. 8, 9, 11-12; between pp. 36, 37.
"4. The Fichtblgbbibgb: RR. 18, 21; between pp. 76, 77.
^ 5. The Fbanoonian Switzbbland : R. 19 ; between pp. 80, 81.
'^ 6. The Batabian Fobbst: R. 34; between pp. 182, 183.
^ 7. The Envibons of Vienna : R. 36 ; between pp. 240, 241 .

xii

MAPS AND PLANS.

' 8. The Danube fbom PAssau to the Stbudbl : RR. 37, 38 ; bet-
ween pp. 252, 253.
9. The Danube from the Stbudbl to Yibnna : BR. 37, 38 ; bet-
ween pp. 256, 257.
• 10. The Environs of Trieste : R. 41 ; p. 271.
'^ll. The Danube from YiENNa to Pbst: RR. 53, 55, 56; between

pp. 332, 333.
^ 12. The Tatra Mountains: R. 71 ; between pp. 378, 379.

13. Hungary and Galicia : after the Index.
<> 14. Transtlyania : after the Index.

Plans of Towns.

' Aschaffenbiirg, \A.ngBbnrg, ^Baireuth, Bamberg, Brunn ,^ Garls-
bad,"*'Con8tance , \)racow ." Gratz, ^ Heilbronn, ^ermannstadt , Kis-
singen, 'Kronstadt, ^Laxenbnrg,^ Linz, Ikf arienbad, ^Mnnich,^ Nnrem-
berg/Pest and Ofen,^Prague,^Pre88barg,'Ratisbon, 'Salzburg,' Stntt-
gart/TepUtz, Trleste,*ülm,'Vlenna,*Vienna (inner town),^ürzburg.

Abbre^iatioiii.

R. = Room.
B. = Breakfast.
D. = Dinner.
A. = Attendance.
L. = Light.
M. = English mile.
Objects of special interest, and

special commendation are denoted by asterisks.

R., L. s right, left,
ft. ss English foot.
'S. s North, northern, etc.
S. ss South, ete.
E. = East, ete.
W. a= West, etc.
hotels which are believed worthy of

INTBODUCTION.

I. Language. Monay.

Lakouaob. a slight acquaintance with German is very de-
sirable for travellers who purpose exploring the more remote dis-
tricts of Southern Germany and Austria. Those, however, who do
not deviate from the beaten track will generally And that English
or French is spoken at the principal hotels and the usual resorts of
strangers. At the same time it must be borne in mind that those
who are entirely ignorant of the language must be prepared fre-
quently to submit to the extortions practised by commissionnaires,
waiters, cab-drivers, etc^ which even the data furnished by the
Handbook will not always enable them to avoid.

MoNBT. English sovereigns and banknotes may usually be
exchanged at a small premium in the principal tpwns in Germany,
and at a higher premium in Austria (see below ; at par, .iL sas
20 marks = 10 Austr. florins). .Napoleons are also favourably re-
ceived (20 fir. ss 16«. 1= 16 m: ss 8fl. Austr.). Those who travel
with large sums- should provide themselves with circular notes (of
10 1, each, issued by the London and other bankers), in preference
to banknotes or gold , the value of the former being recoverable
in case of loss.

English, German, and French gold, and also English and Ger-
man banknotes, when converted into the paper currency of Austria,
bear a premium of 10-20 per cent. Thus the average rate of ex-
change for a sovereign or a gold piece of 20 marks is 111/2-^2 fl.,
and for a Napoleon 9-9^2 ^^ Those who desire to convert consider-
able sums into Austrian notes should be careful to employ none
but respectable bankers or money-changers ; and they will effect
the exchange more advantageously in the principal towns of Au-
stria itself than at Munich or other towns of 'Southern Germany.
The Austrian florin, or gulden (ss 2«.), contains 100 kreuzers. The
paper florin, silver pieces of Ö, 10,' and 20 kr., and copper pieces
of 1 and 4 kr. are in most common circulation.

The expense of a tour in Southern Germany and Austria de-
pends of course on a great variety of circumstances. It may, how-
ever, be stated generally that travelling In these regions is less-
expensive than in most other European countries. The pedestrian
of moderate requirements, who has attained a tolerable proficiency
in the language , and avoids the beateii track of ordinary tourist»

ii^ PASSPORTS.

as much as possible , may succeed in limiting Ms expenditure to
8-10 8, per diem. Those, on the other hand, who prefer driying to
walking, frequent hotels of the highest class, and engage the ser-
Tices of guides, commissionnaires, etc., must be prepared to ex-
pend 25-30«. daily.

II. Passports and Custom Houses.

Passpobts are now unnecessary in Austria, as well as in Ger-
many and most of the other countries of Europe, but they are
frequently serviceable in proving the identity of the traveller,
procuring admission to colleotions, and obtaining delivery of regist-
ered letters. (See, howeyer, p. 39Ö.) The following are the prin-
cipal passport-agents in London : Lee and Carter, 440 West Strand ;
Borrel and Son, 15 Charing Cross ; £. Stanford, 55 Charing Cross ;
W. J. Adams, 59 Fleet Street.

Custom Hoüsb formalities are now almost everywhere lenient.
As a rule, however, articles purchased during the journey, which
are not destined for personal use, should be declared at the frontier.
At the Austrian frontier, playing-cards, almanacs, and sealed
letters are confiscated if found. Tobacco and cigars , the sale of
which in Austria is a monopoly of government, are liable to a
duty of 10-25 kr. per lb., besides which a license-fee of 7-11 fl. is
exacted. According to the strict rule, one ounce of tobacco and 10
cigars only are exempt from duty. Those who pay duty for cigars
or other articles on crossing the frontier should preserve the ^Bol-
lette' or receipt ; otherwise they may in some cases be compelled to
pay the duty a second time (e. g. on entering a town where civic
imposts are levied).

m. Oonvoyancos.
Railway Travblliko in Germany is less expensive than in
most other parts of Europe , and the carriages are generally clean
and comfortably fitted up ; but in Austria the fares are somewhat
higher, and the carriages inferior. The second-class carriages,
furnished with spring-seats, are often superior to those of the first
class in England. The first-class carriages, lined with velvet, are
comparatively little used , but are recommended to the lover of
fresh air, as he will be more likely to secure a seat next to the
window. The third-class travelling community are generally quiet
and respectable, and the carriages tolerably clean. On a few rail-
ways there is even a fourth class, unprovided with seats. Smoking
is permitted in all the carriages, except those ^Fur Nichtraucher'
and the coupes for ladies. The average fares for the different
classes in S. Germany are i^/^d», iy^d,, and Vs^^- per Engl. M.
respectively. The speed seldom exceeds 25 M. per hour, and as the
railways are generally well orgAnised and under the immediate
supervision of government , accidents are of very rare occurrence.

CONVEYANCES. »▼

On many lines 20-5011)8. of luggage are free, in addition to amallei
articles carried in the hand. Over-weight is charged for at moderate
rates. In all cases the heavier luggage must be booked, and a ticket
procured for it. This being done, the traveller need be under no
apprehension as to the safety of his impedimenta' before he arrives
at his final destination , where they will be kept in safe custody,
generally gratis for the first day or two, until he presents his ticket.
When a frontier has to be crossed the traveller is strongly recom-
mended to keep his luggage with him, and to superintend the
custom-house examination in person. If luggage be sent across a
frontier by goods-train or diligence the keys must be sent along
with it, as otherwise it will be detained at the custom-house ; but
the pecuniary saving effected by such a course is far outweighed
by the risk of vexatious delays, pilferage, and damage, for which
it is difficult or impossible to obtain redress.

DiLiOBNCBs, termed ^Eilwageh' or ^MaUeposUs' in Austria,
generally carry three passengers only, two in the inUrieur, and one
in the coupi. The latter alone affords a tolerable survey of the
scenery traversed, and should if possible be secured in good time.
In much frequented districts it is frequently engaged several days
beforehand. The guards, who are often retired non-commissioned
officers, are generally well-informed and obliging. The usual
amount of luggage carried free by the Eilwagen does not exceed
20-30 lbs., over-weight being charged for by tariff. Passengers are
moreover required to book their luggage two hours before the time
of starting, and sometimes even on the previous evening ; but these
rules are seldom rigidly enforced.

Extra-Post. The usual charge in Austria for a carriage for
four persons with a moderate quantity of luggage is (according to
tariff) 2fl. 80 kr. for 2 horses, 80 kr. for the vehicle, and 70 kr.
gratuity, i.e. in all 4fl. 30 kr. (s= 8«. 7(2.), per stage of 2 German
miles (about 9^4 Engl. M.). The tariff, however, differs in almost
every province. Return post-carriages are charged for at a lower
rate. For a party of four persons posting is cheaper than travel-
ling by diligence, and of course pleasanter.

Travellers who are pressed for time should apply in writing at
the post-office from 12 to 24 hrs. before starting, and direct a
'Laufzettel' to be forwarded to the different stations on the route.
A change of horses will then be provided everywhere without delay.
The fare for half the journey is usually exacted in advance.

lY. Hoteli.

Little variation occurs in the accommodation and charges of
first-class hotels in the principal towns and watering-places through-
out Germany and Austria ; but it frequently happens that in old-
fashioned hotels of unassuming exterior the traveller finds as much
real comfort as in the modem establishments , while the charges

^^ HOTELS.

are more moderate. The best hoases of botli descriptions are there-
fore enumerated.

Where the trareller remains for a week or more at a hotel, it
is advisable to pay, or at least call for his account every two or
three days , in order that erroneous insertions may be at once de-
tected. Verbal reckonings are objectionable. A waiter's arithmetic
is faulty, and his mistakes are seldom in favour of the traveller. A
habit too often prevails of presenting the bill at the last moment,
when errors or wilful impositions must be submitted to, for want
of time to investigate them. Those who purpose starting early in the
morning will do well' to ask for their bills on the previous evening.

A peculiarity of many of the Austrian inns is that they have a
' Oastzimmer^ for the humbler classes on the ground-floor, while the
^Scdle ä Manger' for more distinguished visitors is on the first floor.
The viands and liquors supplied in these different apartments are
generally the same, while the charges differ considerably. Pedes-
trians and travellers of moderate requirements will find the country
inns in Southern Germany very reasonable, 5-6 a. a day being
generally sufficient to include every item.

English travellers often impose considerable trouble by ordering
things almost unknown in G-erman usage ; and are apt to become
involved in disputes owing to their ignorance of the language.
They should therefore endeavour to Acquire such a moderate pro-
ficiency in the language as will render them intelligible to the
servants , and should as far as possible conform in their require-
ments to the habits of the country. For this purpose Baedeker's
^Traveller's Manual of Conversation' will be found useful.

Valets-de-place generally charge 1 florin for half-a-day, and
2fl. for a whole day.

WÜETEMBERG.

1. Stuttgart and Environs.

Hotels. ^Mabquasdt (VI. a; D, 4) , conveniently situated near the
station, B. from 2 m., L. 50, A. 70 pf., B. 1 m., D. at i o'^clock 3 m., at
5 o'^clock 4 m., pens, for a prolonged stay at lower charges. — *Hötel
DiBSLAMM, Friedrich-8tr. 80, near the station; *Botal (PI. h ; D, 4}, Schloss-
Str. 6, Bahnhof HoTSL f TTe&cr^«;, Schloss-Str. 7, both opposite the station;
SiLBSB (PI. d: E, 5), Dorotheen-Str. 2 and 4; "^Hotsl Obsbpolunoeb (PI. g;
D, 4), •Tbxtoe (PI. hi D, 4), Post, all in the Friedrich-Str., near the
station, and inexpensive; K6ma von WCbttembebo (PI. c; D, 5), Eron-
prinz-Str.; *Gallmann (or Bär), Esslinger-Str. 19; Bsbtbano, (}alwer-
Str. 7. — Penaions. Howztz, Schiller-Str. 3, near the Park ; Siglb, Archiv-
Str. 5; Ott, Archiv-Str. 19; Ebpf, Neckar -Str. 48 B; Ebihlen, Neckar'
Str. 16; Bünzel, Olga-Str. 10; Büthlino, Olga-Str. 31.

Oafes-Bestauraata. * Marqttardt ^ in Dannecker''8 old studio, in the
Schlossplatz; Böhm'» Wiener Cafi, Eönigs-Str. 62; iTeue« Wiener Cafi, in
theEönigsbau (p. 2), with ladies' room; StolUteimer, Schul-Str. 20, with
view of the Eönigs-Str.; Murechel, Charlotten-Str. 8; Wiener Cafä Central,
Alter Post-Platz ; Cafifor Laiie», Olga-Str. 85. — Rettourants. *ZäcA {Qafi
Germania), Eönigs-Str. 18B; Weber A Fromm, Stifts -Str. 3 (old German
wine-room); *J)ierlamm, Friedrich-Str. 30, close to the station, with a small
garden; Feil, Eronprinz-Str. la; Micheud, Linden-Str. 5; Werner, Eron-
prinz-Str. 12; Rauh, Sophien -Str. 85; Adler, Marktplatz 18: Old German
Beer -Room, Leder -Str. 6; Bdtel Royal, Motel Weber, see above; Sttgen,
Kothe-Str. 14; Gutseher, Bothebühl-Str. 1 (wine -room); Friedel (TtLunich
beer), Linden-Str. 14; Railway Reetaurant. — Beer Oardeaa. * Stadtgarten
(p. 8). music daily ; Englischer Garten , above the horse-groups in the An-
lagen, with fine view; Schützenhatu^Garten, Eanonenweg, with fine view;
Wulle, Neckar-Str. 60; Koppenhö/er, Charlotten-Str. 18 (military music
frequently) ; Liederhalle-Garten (p. 8), frequent performances by a military
band; Textor, Friedrich-Str. 50 (see above); Tivoli, tfilitär^tr. 20; Weiss,
Katharinen-Str. 4.

Cabs. Per V4 br. for 1-2 pers. 60 pf., 3-4 pers. 80 pf., »/«lir. 1 m. or
1 m. 20, 1 hr. 1 m. 80 or 2 m. 10 pf., half-day (6 hrs.) 10 m., whole day
(10 bra.) 14 m.; to Berg, Bosenstein, or the Schützenhaus 1 m. or 1 m.
40 pf. ; to the Jägerhaus 4 m. SO or 5 m. 20 pf. In driving to the railway
station, theatre, concerts, or at night, the driver may demand the fare in
advance. For drives in the environs a bargain should be struck beforehand.

Tramway every 10 min. through the principal streets to Berg, and
every 20 min. to Gannstatt. Fare in the town 10 pf.; to Berg, outside 15,
inside 20 pf. ; to Gannstatt 20 or 25 pf. ; from Berg to Gannstatt 10 pf. An-
other line runs from the Prag Cemetery (p. 9) past the Eönigsbau and
trough the Calwer-Str. to the Schwab-Str. (fares 10 and 16 pf.).

Zahnradbahn (Raci and Pinion Railway) to Degerloch (Wilhelmshöhe,
with garden) 6-8 times daily in 12-14 min. (fares : up 30, down 20 pf.). Fine
views from the railway itself (to the left) and from a Toieer, V4 M. from
the upper station (adm. 20 pf.). The station is in the Filder-Str. (below
PI. G, 8), and an omnibus (10 pf.) runs in connection with each train on
the Zahnradbahn to the railway-station in Hie town.

Bailvay Station (StaeUs-Bahnhof) at the comer of the Schloss-Str. and
Friedrich-Str. (PI. D, 4), one of the finest structures of the kind in Germany.

Post Office (PI. 36; D, 4), Fürsten-Str. 2. Branch-offices: Paulinen-
Str. 13, Wilhelms-Platz 13a, Untere Neekar-Str. 121.

Telegr&ph OfAoes at the General Post Office and Paulinen-Str. 18.

Baei>bkbb''s S. Germany. 6th Edit. 1

2 Route 1. STUTTGART. Königshau.

«Nill't Thiergarten, Herdweg 10 d, 1 M. from the Schloss-Platz , con-
tains a small collection of animals (40 pf .) and a skating-rink.

Exhibition of modern pictures of the Kututvereiny Friedrich-Str. 32
(adm. daily 9-5, Sun. and holidays 11-4 ; 40 pf.); fferdtle A PeterSy Bothe-
bühl-Str. lb (60 pf.)- — The Exhibition of the Kunttgewerheverein in the
Königsbau (see below) consists of an extensive selection of modem works
of industrial art (open daily, adm. 20 pf.).

Theatres. Eopal Theatre daily : closed from the middle of June till the
middle of August. — Tivolitheater, Earl-Str. 3, farces and operettas, open
from October till April. — Summer Theatre at Berg, see p. 10.

Baths. Charlotten- Bad, Charlotten- Str. 16 i yeejff', Bothebiihl-Str. 55
(Turkish baths at both). See also pp. 10, 11.

The Museum (PI. 2B ; D, 5), the property of a club , contains reading-
rooms, restaurant, Ac. (introduction by a member, available for one month).
The *3ilberbwg' Garten, belonging to the Museum, is a pleasant resort at
the S.W. end of the town (concerts on Thurs., and dancing once a fort-
night in summer; tickets for strangers at the hotels).

British Charge d' Affaires, Sir Henry Barron. — united States Oonsul,
Ch. P. Kimball, Esq., Urban-Str. 29.

English Church (Tl. 13 ; F, 6) in the Olga-Strasse ; services on Sun. at
8 a. m., 10.30 a. m., and 6 p. m. *, on Frid. and Saints'* Days at 10.30. a. m.
Chaplain, Bev. L. B. Tuttieti, Wera-Str. 26. — Wesleyan Church, Sophien-
Str. ; service at 10.30 a. m. — Methodist Chapel at Cannstatt (p. 11).

Stuttgart (892 ft.), the capital of Wurtemberg , with 126,906
inhab. (mainly Protestants), a city of comparatively modern origin,
is the most beautifully situated of the German capitals, surrounded
hy picturesque vine-clad and wooded heights. The name occurs in
a charter of 1229, and from 1265 to 1325 it was the favourite resi-
dence of the counts of Wurtemberg, hut It was not made the capi-
tal of the country till 1482, while it was not till the reign of kings
Frederick (1797-1816) and WilUam (1816-64), that it attained
anything like its present proportions. In the modern revival of Re-
naissance forms of art, Stuttgart has taken a prominent place through
its numerous talented architects.

The town is intersected from S.W. to N.E. by the handsome
König s-Strasse, ^/^ M. in length, formed in part hy filling up the
old moat. In this street, opposite the Schloss- Platz, rises the
imposing Konigsban (Pi. 11 ; D, 4) , 440 ft. long and 135 ft. wide,
erected by Leins in 1856-60. In front is an Ionic colonnade, broken
by two projecting Corinthian porticoes. The lower story comprises a
caf^ and an arcade with shops, above which are large concert and
ball-rooms. Exhibition of the JKunatgewerbevereinj see above. Ad-
joining the Konigsbau is the Palace of Prince William (PL 12 ; D, 4).
On the right, farther on, are the Bazaxur, the Kanzlei (government-
offices), and the '•MinisieriunC of the Exterior (PI. 21 ; D, 6).

The extensive *Schlos8-Platz is adorned with a Column (PL 24 ;
E, 4), 59 ft. high, erected in 1841 to the memory of King William,
and crowned with a Concordia in bronze, 15 ft. high, from a design
by Hof er. At the corners of the pedestal are represented the *Lehr-
stand', *Nährstand', *Wehrstand' (i. e. the teachers, the bread-win-
,ners, and the defenders of the country) , and Commerce , also by
Hofer. The reliefs on the pedestal represent the confirmation of
the constitution, the battles of La-Före-Champenoise and Brienne,

N

Palact, STUTTGART. i. JBoute. 3

and the storming of Sens , and are cast in bronze from designs by

Wagner, The genii at the base of the two neighbouring fountains,

representing the rivers of Wurtemberg, are by Kopp, A military

band plays daily in the kiosk in the middle of the square , at the

hour of relieving guard (12 to 12.30 p.m.).

The new Palace (PI. 40 ; E, 4, 5), begun in 1746, and completed

in 1807, consists of a central building, adorned with a gilded crown,

and of two wings, and contains about 360 apartments. The hall, the

staircase, and the *marble', the 'blue', the * white', and the *din^

ing' rooms are best worth seeing. Cards of admission obtained daily

from the Intendant.

The ground-floor contains a series of large "'Frescoes by Gegenbaur,
executed in 184345, chiefly from the history of Count Eberhard im Bart
(d. 1496). Among the pictures may be mentioned : Pollak, Oriental woman
with carrier-pigeon; JE. Stockier, Lady of the 18th cent, (water-colour).
Sculptures: Dannecker , Bacchus, Venus. Few of the others are original
works. Then china from the factories of Ludwigsburg and Meissen, Sevres
porcelain presented by Kapoleon I., Pompeian antiques, etc. The private
apartments of the king (special permission necessary) contain a collection
of upwards of 500 Majolica vases of the 16th cent, (from Faenza and Ur-
bino), purchased at Venice in the 18th cent, by Duke Charles Eugene.

The N. wing of the palace adjoins the Theatre (PI. 45). On the
E. side of the palace are the Private Royal Stables (PI. 19), and at
the end of the Königs- Strasse are the Royal Mews (PI. E, 3).

The Old Palace (PI. 42 j D, E, 5), on the S. side of the Schloss-
Platz, erected by Tretsch in 1553-70, forms an irregular quadrangle,
with round towers at the corners and a court surrounded by arcades
in the middle. On the S. side is the entrance to the tasteful Gothic
Chapel (restored). In the court rises the equestrian Statne of
Connt Eberhard im Bart (PI. 25) , a Count of Wurtemberg (d.
1496) who was created a duke by the Emp. Max, by Hofer. This
palace contains the office of the Obersthofmeister y or chief Inten-
dant of the palace (see p. 10 ; office-hours 8-9 a.m. from 15th
April to 15th Oct., Sundays and holidays excepted). In the E.
tower the second floor is reached by an inclined plane instead of a
staircase.

In the Schiller-Platz , which adjoins the Old Palace on the W.-
rises the ^Statue of Schiller (PI. 26 ; D, 5), designed by Thorvaldsen^
and erected in 1839 by subscriptions from all parts of Germany.

On the S. side of the Schiller-Platz is the ♦Stiftskirche (PI. 18),

Prot, since 1532, in the Gothic style, erected 1436-95, and restored

by Heideloff in 1841. Towers unfinished. Reliefs on the S. Portal :

Christ bearing the Cross, Christ and the Apostles.

*Stained Olas» of 1848-Ö1, from drawings by Neher: in the choir the
Nativity, Crucifixion, and Resurrection \ in the organ-choir King David. By
the N. wall of the choir, eleven * Stone Figures of Counts of Wurtemberg,
dating from the close of the 16th century. In the choir is the painted stone
monument of Count Albert von Hohenlohe (d. 1575^ generally covered).
Grothic pulpit in stone, of the 15th cent., with reliefs, disfigured by bronz-
ing. In the N. aisle an oM relief in stone, representing Christ as the
Judge of the world (above), and the Wise and Foolish Virgins (below).

1*

4 BouUl, STUTTGABT. Academy.

A few paces to the S. lies the Market Place (PI. D, 6, 6), the
central point of the old part of the city, with a few patrician dwell-
ing-houses of the 16th cent, and the Town Hall (PI. 38), a build-
ing of no pretension. The Markt-Strasse leads to the S.E. to the
8t. Leonhardsplatz , with the late-Gothic church of St. Leonhard
(PI. 17 ; £, 6), on the outside of the choir of wMch is a Mount
Calvary of the lÖth century.

The Olga-Straase, which runs hence to the E., and in which is
the new läfigliah Church (PI. 13; F, 6), built by Wagner, and the
Neckar'Strasae, which begins at the Gharlottenplatz, are among the
finest of the new streets.

At the beginning of the Neckar-Strasse, on the right , is the
Palace of the Princesses (PI. 37 ; E, F, 5), with a pleasant garden,
adjoining which are the State Archives (No. 4).

The *Cabinet of Natural History (PI. 31), which occupies the
middle and upper floor and the N. wing (Neckar-Str. 6) of the
building of the Archives, is accessible daily, 11-12 (in summer on
Sundays and holidays 11-1) and 2-3 o'clock (on Sun., Wed. and Sat.
in summer 2-4); it is closed on the chief holidays. It contains a
valuable collection of silver ores, geological specimens from different
parts of Wurtemberg, fossils, thirteen teeth of a mammoth found
near Cannstatt, zoological specimens chiefly from Africa, skeletons,
and other objects of interest. The collections are divided into two
sections, the one general, the other referring to Wurtemberg alone.

The large building opposite , with four wings and three courts,
is the Academy (PI. E, 4, 5), the seat in 1775-1794 of the Carls-
SchulCj founded by Duke Charles, where Schiller received his ele-
mentary education (p. 12). The dining-hall contains the King's
Private Library, On the ground-floor are guard-rooms.

The royal Library (PI. 2), Neckar-Str. 8, a massive building
by Landauer, is open every week-day 10-12 and (except Saturdays)
2-5, and contains 500,000 vols., 3800 MSS., 7200 Bibles in more
than 100 different languages, and 2400 specimens of early printing.

The ground-floor of this building is occupied by the CoUeetioiL

of Wurtemberg Antiquities (open daily 10-12 and 2-5).

To the right of the entrance-hidl are objects from Lake-dweWng» and
Pre-Roman TumuUt chiefly found in Wurtemberg. The aecond compart-
ment to the right contains articles of special interest in gold, bronze, and
iron from the royal tombs at Hundersingen (on the Danube), Klein- Aspergle,
and Belle-Bemise (Ludwigsburg), proving a commercial intercourse with
Italy in the 5th cent. B. G. — Roman Anticaglia. — Objects from Tumuli
of the Pre-Carlovingian and the Carlovingian periods, including many gold
ornaments, curious silver bar-work, and weapons. — Stove-plates of the
16th cent., in cast and forged iron; objects in tin, bronze, and copper. —
Gold and silver ornaments, weapons, and armour, including a curious
jousting helmet. The *Bed Boom% in the S. wing, contains the Rogal
Cabinet of Art and Antiquities ^ founded by the Dukes of Wurtemberg
and specially rich in vessels and weapons of the Benaissance. Italian
bronzes of the i6th century. In one of the long cases is a pack of cards,
painted in the loth century. On both sides of this room are reproduc-
tions of Benaissance apartments.

Mu6eu.mofAtt. STUTTGART. l.BouU, 5

To the left of the entrance-hall we first reach the Ceramic CollwtUm^
including nnmeroua tile -stoves of various periods and styles Gate-Gothie
stove from Ravensburg). The Murtchel CollecHon of Porcelain contains ob-
jects chiefly of Ludwigsbnrg manufacture. The Bococo Boom is adjoined
by one fitted up in the style of the 17th cent., with guild -insignia and
household gear. Opposite is the collection of QUue^ Articlet in Wood and
Leather, Inttrvmente, Textile Ftibriet, and CotUtmee. The 8. Boom con-
tains the collection of ecclesiastical art, including works by ZeiU>lom and
Schaffner. Fine stained glass. Byzantine and Boman vessels. Carpets
and Embroideries.

Beyond the library are the extensive new Law Courts (PI. F, 4,
Ö), built by LandAuer, with a fine vestibule and jury court. The
colossal groups of Law and Justice on the attic-story are by Kopp.

Farther down the Neckar-Strasse, in a new building with wings
opposite the Mint, is the *lCiUienm of Art (PI. 29; F, 3; Sun.
11-3, Tues., Wed., Frid. 10-3; in winter Sun. 11-3, Wed. 10-3;
engravings on Tues., Wed., and Thurs. 2-4; stone monuments
on the ground-floor, Sun. 11-12; on other days, fee).

On the ground-floor. Plaster Oasts. This collection is specially rich
in models and casts of Thorvaldeen'» works, presented by himself (d.
1844). Of the few original works the chief are Dannecker^i celebrated bust
of Schiller in marble (the hair was partially mutilated by the master himself
when suffering from a fit of mental aberration), and Kopfe Bathsheba.

The Picture Gallery is on the upper floor C^60 pictures). The accom-
modation for this collection has been recently increased by the addition
of a new S. wing (p. 6) , and the arrangement of the pictures has been
changed (catalogue 60 pf.)«

1st Saloon. (K.) H. Giov. Bellini, Piet^; *5. Titian, Mary Magdalene;
8. Tintoretto, Venetian Senator; 10. Venetian School, St. Jerome; 11. Oiulio
Romano, Madonna della Seggiola (after Baphael); *12. Fordenone, Judith
with the head of Holofemes ; * 14. Palma Vecchio , Madonna and saints ;
18. P. Veronese, Lady in Venetian costume. — (£.) 24. Bellini, Madonna;
26. Bonifacio, Adoration of the Shepherds ; 27. Lor. Lotto , Crucifixion ; 35.
C. Bold, The Virgin ^ 38. Bellini, Madonna; 60. Palma Vecchio, Madonna
and Saints; 62. Lor. Lotto, The Magi.

Cabinets: I. (W.) 8o. Caravaggio, Soldiers playing dice; PcUma'e
School, Three female half-figures. III. (E.) 139. Palma Vecchio, Portrait of
a woman; 146. P. Veronese, Madonna; 148. Titian, Madonna; (W.) 161.
Raphael (copy). Portrait. — Cabinets IV., V. and VI. contain nothing of
importance.

2nd Saloon. (W.) 344, 337. KupeUly (d. 1740), Portraits of the artist
and his wife; 228. Le Brun, Bosr-hunt; 289. Penez, St. Jerome: 232. Tie
polo. Finding of Moses. — (S.) 330. Guido Reni, St. Sebastian; 329. Pahna
Vecchio, Holy Family; 269. Zurhavan, Holy Family; 820. Portrait of Mona
Lisa (after Leonardo da Vincxh 319. Ceeare da Sesto, Madonna with the Child
and St. Jerome. — (E.) 229. Claude Lorrain, Landscape; 305. Phil, de
Champaigne, Christ on the Mt. of Olives; 300, 28Ö, 276, 218. Canaletto, The
Piazzetta and Grand Canal at Venice; *284. Titian, Portrait of a Doge. —
(K.) 304. Spanish School, Clement xn.

Sbd Saloon. Dutch Masters. (S. ; to the right of tHe entrance) 617. The
artist Fr. Snyders and his family, after Van Dyck', 339. Jan van der Baen,
Portrait; 487. Tenters the Younger, Peasants in a tavern; 341. G. Schaloken,
Hermit; 286. Van der Werff, Mary Magdalene; 561. C. Netscher, Portrait;
541. A. Brouwer, Old man counting money ; 573. C. Netscher, Portrait ; (to the
left of the entrance) "^SöS. frans Hals, Man with a falcon; 259, 264. M.
d'Hondeeoeter, Poultry; 497. P. Brueghel, Christ entering Jerusalem. —
(W.) 368. Pourhus, Portrait; 518. Teniers the Younger, The Alchemist; 582.
Ph. Wouwerman, Horses in front of a village-tavern; 293. Wyhrandt van
Geest, Dutch domestic scene; 333. Dead Christ, after Van Dyck-, 346. Ph.
Wouwerman, Wagoner; 572, 562. Buysman^ Landscapes; 332. Rembrandt,

6 Route 1. STUTTGART. Museum of Art,

Portrait of a boy. — (S.) *282. Jordaent^ Vertumnus and Pomona; 292.
Mierevelt^ Portrait; *S69. Ä. van Evtrdingen^ Northern landscape; 297.
Metiu^ Portrait of a young woman; *275. Rembrandt, St. Paul in priaon;
280. Äfierevelt, Dutch burgomaster: 362. ffobbema^ Landscape; 479. Wee-
nix the Elder , Shepherd resting; 271. Lievena, Portrait of an old man.
— (E.) 539. Roos, Animal picture; 278. Ph. Wouwerman^ Peasants and
horses; 347. /. van Ruyedael, Silvan scene; 266. Tenier» the Elder, Por-
trait; 262. Rubene, Penitent Magdalene; ^10. A. van Dpck, Expulsion from
Paradise; no number, Van Dyck, Portrait of the artist De Grayer; 261. Te-
niere the Elder, Portrait; 274. Ph. Wovwerman, Peasants showing a horse
to a cavalier; 476. P. Brueghel the Elder, Landscape with grotto; 531.
Roo8, Shepherdess and child, with resting animals; 53 (. Brouwer, Surgical
operation on a peasants foot.

GoKRiDOB. Small Dutch pictures, etc. 499,600,491, 492. Jan Brueghel,
Allegorical representations of the elements; 601. J. B. Weenix, Dead game;
335, 600 A. van der Neer , Moonlight landscapes; 471. Gov. Flinek, Land-
scape with accessories; 334. A. van der Neer, Landscape; 551. K. du Jar-
din, Landscape; 472. A. van Ostade, Rustic scene; 475. Jan Brueghel,
Diana and her nymphs in a silvan landscape (accessories by M. van Balen)^
570. Teniers the Younger, Peasants in a tavern; 496. Van Dyek, Portrait of
a man in the costume of a knight; 5S0. K. du Jardin, Landscape; 538.
Root, Evening-scene, with herd of cattle; 553. Tenier» the Younger, Peasants

Slaying cards; 526. A scholar, after O. Dow, 510. B. Konink, A scholar;
70. Bakhuyten, Bough sea, with vessels; 554. /. Brueghel, Cavaliers and
wagoners in a silvan landscape.

Room to the Right (adjoining the Corridor). Also small Dutch pictures.
549, 504. Denner, Portraits; 526, 506. Rugendas, Battle, Encampment; 560,
618. Frank, Adoration of the Magi ; 612, 493. Rugendas, Battle-pieces ; 272.
Frank the Elder, The Magi; 592. Benner, Portrait; 664. Eleheimer, Deli-
verance of St. Peter.

4th Saloon. Old German Masters, particularly of the Swabian School.
Several works by Barth. Zeitblom. 459b. ifabuse. Crucifixion; 459a. School
of Holbein the Younger, Portrait; 405. Barth. Schön, Coronation of the Vir-
gin; ^98. Memling, Bathsheba; 435. Beham, St. Benedict; 388. Arnberger,
Portrait; 428. Herlin, The Magi on the way to Bethlehem; 430, 432.
C. Voe, Scenes from the life of St. George; 441. Herlin, Entombment;
372, 373, Barth. Schön, Flight into Egypt, Entombment.

Room adjoining the 4th Saloon. Also old German pictures. 447.
School of Holbein, Portrait; 451, 363. Luccu Oranach, Judith, Portrait;
402. Holbein the Younger, Portrait of a town-councillor.

Adjoining the Corridor is the new South Wing, in the five rooms of
which the pictures of the modem masters are arranged.

1st Room. Several works bv the Stuttgart artists Schick (d. 1812) and
Wächter (d. 1852). 721, 722. Portraits of Dannecker, by Schick and Ley-
bold; 245. Reinhardt, Landscape during a storm; *^3. Jos. Koch, Landscape
after a thunder-storm (accessories by Hey deck) •, 250. Angelica Kaufmann,
Portrait of a lady; 610. Kobell, Landscape with grotto; *'252. Jos. Koch,
Landscape with river.

2nd Room. To the left: 731. Ludwig, Landscape; 741 Baisch^ Curio-
sity; 0. Achenbach, Posilipo; *754. Laupheimer, A bashful adorer; 745.
Bleibireu, Battle of Worth; 759. Barison, Venetian family; 756. Dill, Canal
Grande; *750. Lier, View on the Scottish coast; Zügel, Autumn; 753. Adam,
Hungarian market-scene; *73. Peters, Flowers; Keller, Entombment; *729.
Aiwasowsky, Sea-piece; *736. Braith, Flock of sheep returning home.

3rd Room. To the left: 755. Majer, Sleeping monk ; ^696. .^. Zimmermann,
The Obersee; 649. Neher, Descent from the Cross; 699. Kleyen, Madonna;
*Qude, Calm; 664. Bauerle, Orphans; 687. Etzdorf, Norwegian scene; 639.
Gudin, After the storm; 726. Funk, The Kaiser-Gebirge; 680. JP&er<, The
Amperthal; 646. Tillemanns, Gaming; 647. Lange, Chateau Eolowrat in Bohe-
mia; 690. Heck, Itinerant preacher; *709. Tiesenhausen, On the Baltic; 666.
Beck, In church; 708. Kurzbauer, The first picture-book; 733. ifapp««. Black
Forest village in winter; 648. Neher, The Widow's Son at Nain; 752. A,
V. Werner, Luther at the Diet of Worms.

ArUaffen, STUTTGART. 1. Route, 7

4th Room. To the left. «633. Bottmann, Epidaunis; 700. Clos$^ Hap
drian'0 Villa at Tivoli; "678. Dietz^ Scene outside the gates of Leipsic in
1813-, •643. BUrkel, Tyrolese pass; 724. Schaumann, Popular fSte at Cann-
statt; 669. Ruitige^ Emp. Otho I. after the conquest of the Danes; *767.
Schönleber ^ Evening at Dort; 732. Bockehnann, At the pawnbroker's; '*727.
Leseing, Franconian mountain -scene; 740. H. Jordan^ Ship -wreck; 632.
Votiz^ Alpine herd-girl; 650. Brackeleer ^ Peasants drinking; *6ö2. Morgen-
stern, Moonlight boating-party on the Elbe; 636. JVaAI, wallenstein and
Seni; 686. Funk, Scene in the Eifel; 751. Lö/fte, Erasmus; 731. Ludwig,
The St. Gotthard.

6th Booh. To the left. *728. Joe. Brandt, Cavalry -skirmish; 677.
Mali, Korth Italian mountain scene; *694. W. v. Kaulbaeh, Battle of Sala-
mis, a sketch in colours; *'647. Schendel, Vegetable-seller; '^(fl.Defregger,
The wounded huntsman; 758. Faher du Four, Battle of Goeuilly, 1870;
675. Rethel, Finding of the body of Oustavus Adolphus at Lützen; 687.
RoUmann, The Hintersee; 629. Oritnewald, Hailstorm in harvest; 636.
Hummel, Mountain scene; «712. 0. Acheiifyach, The strangers' cemetery
at Rome; «701. Feuerlach, Iphigeneia: ^13. Makart, Cleopatra; 638. Löffler,
Jerusalem; 631. Bohn^ Serenade; 681. Peters^ Hunting-seat in winter; 660.
Riedel, Medea; *626. A, Achenbach, Dutch landscape; 670. Brion, Marriage-
procession in Alsace; 698. Ebert^ Forest-scene; 702. Schroder, Shakespeare
brought before the justice for deer-stealing; *Bra<th, Cattle in a thunder-
storm; 714. Faber du Faur, Battle of Champigny; 668. Häherlin^ Sup-
pression of the Wurtemberg monastery of ' Alpirsbach in 1648; 720.
Mali, The shepherd's morning-greeting; 704, 705. Schleich, Landscapes;
717. Oegenbaur, Hercules and. Omphale; 684. Rüstige, The duke of Alva
in the castle of Rudolstadt; 688. Schütz, Midday-rest in harvest; 686. Leu,
The Hohe GöU near Berchtesgaden.

In the conrt of the mnsenm is an Equestrian Statue of King
WiUiaml., designed by Hofer, and erected in 1884.
- In a niche on a honse at the corner of Engen-Str. and Moser-Str.
fPl. 7, 4) is a bronze bnst of the jurist Joh, Jae. Moser (1701-
o5), modelled by Kopp, and erected in 188Ö.

On the W. side of the Neckar-Strasse are the ^Axilagen, or Schloss-
Oarten (PI. E, F, 3, 2, 1). These charming pleasure-grounds, em-
bellished with fine groups of trees, flower-beds, and sheets of water,
and extending to a length of about 2 M. (nearly to Cannstatt) ,
are adorned with modern sculptures in marble (chiefly copies from
the antique), especially in the so-called Botanic Garden to the E.
of the upper pond. Aboye the conduit which feeds the pond, on
the side next the palace , is a colossal group by Dannecker , re-
presenting water and meadow nymphs. In the first 'Rondel' of
the main avenue: Count Eberhard and the shepherd (firom
Uhland) , a colossal group by Paul MuUer. About 3/« M. farther
on in the main avenue is the Abduction of Hylas (PI. 10) ; 200
paces farther two Horse-tamers, both groups by Hofer.

We now enter the N.W. quarter of the town , and note the fine
buildings of the Würtembergisehe Vereinshahk and the Head Office
of the Reichsbank, both in Friedrich' Strdsse. The Ktiegsherg-
Strasse and the Ooethe-Strasse (in which stands the Military Head-
quarters, PL C, D, 3,2) contain perhaps the handsomest new build-
ings in this quarter.

The Polytechnic School (PI. 35; C, 3), in the Alleen-Strasse,
erected in the Italian Renaissance style by Egle in 1860-65 , and

8 Route 1. STUTTGART. Stadtffarten,

enlarged l)y TriUehler in 1878, is adorned to the right and left
of the door with statues of Dürer and Kepler. Between the Corinthian
columns on the upper story are ten allegorical statues representing
the professions for which a technical education prepares the stu-
dent ; above are two admirable allegorical representations of Art
and Science, by Th. Bechlar of Munich. There are also medallion-
portraits of Schinkel, Redtenbacher, Beblinger, and Syrlin.

The *Stadtg«rten (PI. 0, 4 ; adm. to the almost daily concerts
50 pf.) is a favourite pleasure-resort, with a restaurant.

On the W. side of the garden is the QewtrbthalU^ or main build-
ing of the Exhibition of 1881, now containing the Exchange
(business-hour 2-3 p. m.) and an exhibition of WuHenihetg Products
suitable for Exportation. Adjacent, in the Kanzlei-Strasse, is the
new Architectural and Engineering School (PI. 9 ; G, 4), a handsome
edifice with a Mansard roof and fine courts, by Egle, In the
Linden-Strasse, farther to the W., are the Oymnastie Hall (PI. 46),
the handsome Realgymnasium, and the Garrison Church (PI. B,
0, 4) , a brick edifice in the round-arch style by DoUinger, with
a dome and towers at the angles.

In the vicinity is the Liederhalle (PI. 20; B, 4), the property
of a vocal society , with large concert-rooms. The new hall, built
by Leins in 1875 , is the largest in Germany , having an area of
1600 sq. yds. In the open vestibule facing the garden are plaster
models of the statues of Schiller at Marbach and Uhland at Tubin-
gen. The garden (open to the public) contains a colossal bust of
Uhland in bronze, and marble busts of O, Schwab and ^Frant
Schubert. Between Schloss-Strasse, Kasemen-Strasse, andLange-
Strasse (PI. B,6) rise the massive new Municipal School Buildings,
Farther to the W., in the Lindenspür-Strasse, is the Ludwig Hos-
pital ('Charlottenhilfe') , founded and splendidly fitted up by the
late Staatsrath v. Ludwig.

In the late-Gothic Spitalkirehe (PI. 15; C, 5), erected in 1471-93,
and restored in 1841, is a model of Dannecker's large marble statue
of Christ (p. 108). The cloisters contain the tomb of Reuchlin
(d.l522), the erudite friend ofMelanchthon. A few hundred yards
distant (Hospital - Strasse 38) is the Synagognie (PL 44), in the
Moorish style, with two. handsome domes, erected in 1861.

The Industrial HuBenm (in the Legionscaserne , PI. 30; C,
D, 6), a very comprehensive collection of Wurtemberg products
(upwards of 40,000 specimens), is open on week-days 10-12 a.m.
and 2-6 p.m. ; part of it is also open on Sundays from 10.30 a. m.
to 12.30 p.m. (admission gratis).

In the Feuersee (PI. B, 7), farther to the S.W., is the handsome
modern "'COiiiroh of St. John, built by Leins in the Gothic style,
and occupying an admirable site ; the interior is richly painted. —
In the vicinity is the Silberburg-Garten (PI. B, C, 8; p. 2), in the
grounds below which, between the Marienthor and the Silberburg-

Hasenberg, STUTTGART. I. ßoute. 9

thor is a marble bnst of E. Mörcke, the poet (d. 1875), by Roe^ch.
— At the comer of the Boblinger-Str. , stands the Roman Catholic
*Harienkirehe (PI. G, 7, 8), an early -Gothic edifice with two
towers, by Egle. Among the handsome houses of the fine Rein-
burg - Strasse , which connects these two churches, are the * Villa
Siegle by Gnanth, and the residences of Hr. Bohnenberger by Beis-
barth, and Prof. Rüstige by Leins. — The adjacent suburb of

Healach possesses a new Romanesque church by Wolff,

In the FangtUhach Cemetery atands the War Memorial^ designed by
Gnauth, and representing Germania dispensing wreaths. — The Central
Cemetery^ on the Prag (p. 14), containing a Gothic bnrial chapel and
several handsome mausoleums, commands a beautiful view.

An *£xcus8ioK to the Hasbnbesg bt the Gäu Railway will be
found interesting (seats should be taken to the left). On quitting the
station, the line (for Böblingen, Freudenstadt, etc. ; see B. 10) describes
a sharp curve round the brick-works on the Prag-Aeeker^ and then runs
southward in the direction of the vine-clad Kriegtberg^ which juts out
prominently into the valley. On the top of the latter (to the right) is the
Feuerhacher Heide^ at the end of which is the popular Weistenhof restau-
rant, with a pretty view. The gradient is very steep, amounting
to 1 in 52 ft. A tunnel, 590 yds. long, is soon passed through, and we
obtain to the left an unexpected *VtBw of the town, with the dome of
the new garrison-church rising conspicuously in the foreground, and the
picturesque chain of hills opposite. The train continues to ascend the
slopes of the valley, passing through gardens and vineyards, and describing
a wide circle round the town. The view increases in attraction as a
greater elevation is attained. After 20 min. the Vogelsang-Thai is crossed
by a viaduct 130 ft. in height, and the train stops at the station on the
Baaenberg (1210 ft. above the sea, 3d4 ft. above the station at Stuttgart),
which lies at the corner of the wood. This point, which commands an
extensive view of tiie town and the valley of the l^eckar, may also be
reached by the new and winding Kothebuhl-Strasse. Still finer views are
obtained from the ''Jägerhaus (1456 ft. ; Restaurant), near which a bust of
the novelist Hauff was erected in 1882, and from the (Vi hr.) stone '^Belvedere
ToweTy ISO ft. in height, erected in 1879 (cross the rails and enter the
wood) : the view extends as far as the Wartthurm at Heilbronn and the
Melibocus; to the 8. the entire chain of the Swabian Alb, with the
Hohenstaufen, Bechberg, KeujGfen, Achalm, and Hohenzollem. From the
Jägerhaus through the woods to the Qais-Eiche^ V^ hr. The direct path
from the Jägerhaus to Stuttgart descends abruptly in 2C^25 min., passing
on the right the reservoir of the new aqueduct and the Reinsburg^ with
the KarlS'Linde^ a hill affording a fine view, immediately to the S. of
Stuttgart. Tramway from the Schwabstrasse, see p. 1.

Charming walk through the Charlotten-Strasse and Gaisburg-Strasse
to the *TJhlandsh5he (Vx hr.). The route commands a series of lovely
views of Stuttgart and the valley of the Xeckar, the finest points being
the pavilion at the top and 'Uhland's Lime-tree*. A similar point is the
8ehxllerh6he , on the Bopser, outside the Wilhelmsthor, reached by the
^eue Weinsteige, a continuation of the Olga-Strasse, commanding beautiful
and varied views during the winding ascent.

At Hohenheim, a royal chateau, 6 M. to the S. of Stuttgart, erected
by Duke Charles in 1768, there is an admirable agricultural school. Ex-
tensive view from the top. A visit may also be paid on the same day
to the model-farms of Klein-Hohenheim, Scharnhausen, and Weil (with
a considerable stud). Permission to inspect them is obtained at the office
of the royal domains in Stuttgart, Friedrich-Str. 26. Weil is IV2 ü. from
Esslingen (p. 26).

Zahkbadbahn to Begerloch, see p. 1.

10 BouUl, ROSENSTEIN. Stuttgart

Fbom Stuttoaet to Cannstatt, 21/2 M. The Railway (R. 8;
8-11 min.) penetrates the Boeenstein (see below) by a tannel 450
yds. long, oiosses the Neckar, and reaches the station of Cannatatt,
on the left bank.

The Tramway (p. 1 ; 2^2 ^- f'om the Palace at Stuttgart , in
20 min.), traverses first the Neckar 'Strasse (p. 4), and then the
untere Neckar-Strosse (yiew of the royal yilla, see below), which
extends to the chief tramway station at Berg.

Berg (Oriiner Hof; Pension Funk)^ a snbnrb of Stuttgart,
sharing its rapid growth , lies on the left bank of the Neckar.
Neuners Mineralbad ^ at the tramway-terminas at the extremity
of the village, contains a swimming-bath, an aquarium and a
favourite open-air theatre. On a slight eminence above the vil-
lage rises the modem Gothic church, built by Gaab in 1855, with
an elegant open tower.

The Boyal Villa, on the summit, a modern Renaissance edifice,
built by Leins in 1846 - 53 , and surrounded with gardens and
hot-houses, commands a charming view. In the interior are pic-
tures by Nie de Keyser, Kaminski^ Bohfhy Karl Müller, etc., and
sculptures by Tenerani and other masters. In the garden statues of
the four seasons by Kopf, and busts in bronze of Nicholas, Emperoi
of Russia, and his consort , by Rauch. Tickets of admission ob-
tained at the office of the Obersthofmeister, at the Alte Schloss
(ground-floor, 8-9 a.m. ; see p. 3).

The Bosenstein, a villa in the Roman style on the adjacent
hill, with colonnades, built by Salucci in 1823-29, is also accessible
by ticket as above (fee).

Statuary in the interior: Waffner, Pan and Bacchante; Ä. Wolff, En-
chantreas kneeling; in the chief ssJoon, with frieze by ir<t(&recA<, represent-
ing rural occupations: Wagner, Psyche and Qanjrmede; Danneeker, Cupid;
Tenerani. Venus holding a bow; Hof er, Cupid breaking his bow; RoteUi,
Esmeralaa teaching her goat to read.

The best Pictures are arranged in nine rooms on the N. side of the
building (catalogue to be obtained of the steward): 10. Hetsch, Female
head; 13, 14. C. Vemet, Sea-pieces; 24. Pahna Veeckio, Petrarch and Laura;
25. Domenichino, Cleopatra; 35. Oofre^^to (?), Susanna ; 40. P. Bordone,
Pomona; 61, 62. Bakhuysen^ Cattle; o3. De Keyter, Raphael's Fomarina;
65. Neher, Roman ^Pifferari*; 72. Calame, Landscaj^e; 77. A. Werner,
Palace of the Doges at Venice; 82. Van Boove, Palace at the Hague; 88.
Sehel/hout, Sea-piece; 94. Riedel, Qirl making wreaths; 97. Bamberffer, Sor-
rento; 98. Riedel, Peasant-woman of Nettuno; 100. Ebert, Lago di Garda;
112. Mailer, Faust and Helen ; B. Vemet, 119. Prayer in the desert, 121.
Post of the desert ; 123. O. Bohn, St. Elizabeth ; 127. Ouffena, Two Italian
women; 184. Steuben, Esmeralda; 137. Oeffenbauer, Shepherd and flute-
player; 140. Rottmann, Hessina; 141. Pe<«r«, H5mpelgard ; 149. Feuerbe^h,
Roman woman ; 152. Funk, Schloss Tirol ; 153. Calame, The Lake of Brienz ;
158. Oeffenbaur, Italian woman; 162. Maei, Neapolitan woman praying;
166. Ourlitt, Acropolis; 171. Peters, Chateau Misox on the Bernardino.
Also Frescoes by IHetrieh, History of Bacchus ; and by Oegenbaur, Olympus
(in the dome).

The Sprudel , welling forth like that of Carlsbad , and other
mineral springs on the Island (Neckar-lnsel) which extends firom

and Environs. CANNSTATT. 1. BouU, 11

Berg almost to Cannstatt, has giTen rise to a number of bath- houses
(e. g. Leuze^s Inselbad, where a band plays at 6 a.m.).

The Ganstatt road which the tramway follows from Berg skirts
the foot of the Rosensteln, and beyond the lower entrance to the
Wilhelma crosses the Neckar.

The *iyiUieIma , an edifice in the Moorish style , was erected

for King William I. in 1842-51, and completed shortly before his

death (adm. see above ; fee).

The first building whicb the visitor reaches in the well-kept gardens
is the FesUaalbau^ containing a single saloon sumptuously fitted Up. It
is connected by means of circular colonnades with two Pavilion* (that to
the right contains a Picture QaUery^ of Oriental subjects only, including
two works by Horace Vemet) and with the Chateau itself on the upper
terrace. In the centre of the latter is the audience-chamber, on the right
a drawing-room, on the left the king's study. There are also bedrooms,
dressing-rooms, and a bath-room (with a fine stalactite ceiling). The
tasteful decorations of the different apartments in various styles were
chiefly executed by artists of Stuttgart. At the back of the chateau several
other terraces rise to the plateau of the hill, on the summit of which
is a Belvedere^ another structure in the Moorish style surmounted by a
dome, and commanding a charming view. The lower terraces within the
colonnades are embellished with beautiful flower-beds, fountains, and
groups of animals in marble and bronze by Güldenstein.

Gannttatt. — Hotels. "^H^tel Hermann, with fine garden and terrace;
Hotel db Russie; Hotel Bellevde, with garden and fine view; HdTKL
Gabki Hebz, at the station.

Restaurants. Cursaal; Merz; Weissinger; Krone. — Victoria Theatre
near the station, open in summer only.

Sanatory Establishments: Dr. VeieVs, for cutaneous diseases} Dr,
RuehWs, for nervous and mental affections; Dr, FiseherU (formerly Wil-
helmshad)y for nervous affections.

* Popular Festival^ with exhibitions, races; etc., every alternate year,
beginning on 28th Sept., and lasting 3-7 days.

Cannstatt^ a town with 18,030 inhab., is a fayourite resort of
the citizens of Stuttgart, in spite of the steadily Increasing manu-
facturing population. The warm saline and chalybeate springs at-
tract a number of patients, while the mildness of the climate, the
pleasant situation of the town, and the educational advantages
it affords, have contributed to render it a favourite residence for
strangers. The terrace and garden of the Hotel Hermann and the
Cursaal (concerts frequently at both) afford pleasant and fashionable
afternoon lounges. The Cursaal, on the Sulzerain^ with the Wil-
helmshrunnen , the most important of the mineral springs , is the
chief morning rendezvous of visitors. A whey -cure establishment,
a restaurant, a reading-room, the Karl-Olga-Bad, and a Trinkhalle
are immediately adjacent. In front of the Cursaal is a bronze
Equestrian Statue of Kir^ William I. (d. 1864), by Halbig, erected
in 1875. — In the Uffkirchhof is the grave of Ferdinand Freilig-
rath, the poet (d. 1876), marked by a bronze bust by Donndorf.

The «Bnrffholi , 4Vi H. from Stuttgart and 21/« M. from Cannstatt
(refreshments at the Bnrgholshof) affords a striking view up the valley
of the Neckar.

üniertürkl^eiin, Oberiärkheim^ and the BotJunberff, see p. 25»

12 BouU 2. BRUCHSAL.

The SoUtad«, 6 M. to the W. of the dty, biült in 1767 by Duke Charles,
was in 1770-76 the aeat of the Carls -Schule, where Schiller received the
rudiments of his education, before its transference to Stuttgart (p. 4).
Schiller's father was inspector of the gardens here. The grounds and
park command an extensive prospect, including the dome of the Schloss.
A whey-cure establishment at the Solitude attracts visitors in summer. In,
the vicinity is a well -stocked deer-park, with the ^Bärenschlösschen* (a
shooting box) and the Bären^See. Deer fed at 11 a.m., wild boars at 6 p.m.
(cards of adm. at the office of the royal chasse , in the Academy , p. 4).

2. From Heidelberg to Stuttgart by Bmchsal.

69 M. Railway in 3-4V9hrs. — Route via Heilbbonit, see R. 4.

The line traverses a fertile plain , within a short distance of the
mountains. Stations Kirchheim, St. Ilgen, Wiealoch. As (15 M.)
Langenbriieken (Ocbs ; Sonne) , a small place possessing sulphur-
baths, is approached, Kislau, once a chlteau of the prince-bishops
of Speyer, now a penitentiary for women, is seen on the right.

20^2 M. Brnelual (* Hotel Keller y *Ro8e, both near the station;
^Railway Restaurant) is the junction of the Bale line (seeBaedeker's
Rhine), The town (11,667 inhab.) was formerly the residence of
the Bishops of Speyer, whose Sehloss , a fine 'rococo' edifice, hapd-
somely fitted up, and adorned with frescoes by Zick, is worthy of a
visit. The castellated building on the left as the station is approa-
ched is a prison, erected in 1845.

Beyond Bruchsal a tunnel of 140 yds. under the churchyard.
24^2 M. Heidelsheim. 27 M. Oondelsheim, with the ruined castle
and modern chateau of Count Langenstein.

30 M. Bretten (*Vier Jahreszeiten, moderate), a small town com-
manded by an ancient watch-tower, was the birthplace of Melanch-
thon (1497-1560), to whom a monument has been erected. Branch-
lines to Durlaeh and Heilbronn, see pp. 15, 18. — 36 M. Maulbronn.

Hanlbronn (2 M. from the station; Kloster or Pott; Breuerp^ good
beer, with beds \ post-onmibus to the village thrice daily in 25 min.) pos-
sesses a Protestant theological seminary, which was once a celebrated
Cistercian abbey, and subsequentlv the seat of the ^monastery school*
founded by Duke Christopher in 1556. The *Abbe» Churchy consecrated
in 1137, is a fine Romanesque basilica with aisles. The late-Oothic
chapels on the S. side were subsequent additions. A Romanesque screen
with two doors separates the choir of the monks from the nave; in
front of the central niche are a richly-decorated throne and an altar
with a colossal crucifix dating from 1473. The choir, adorned with two
handsome Gothic windows, contains 92 well-carved stalls in the late-Gothic
style. Each of the transepts, on the N. and 8. side of the choir respectively,
contains three rectangular chapels. At the W. end of the church is a
"^Vestibule ('Paradies'^ with elegant late-Romanesque arcade-windows and
fine vaulting. The "Cloister» on the 'S. side of the church are interesting.
The 8. passage, in the transition style (190S) is the richest; the others,
in the Gothic style, are simpler. In front of the X. wing of the cloisters
is a tastefully-constructed well-house. Beyond it is the summer-refectory
('Rebenthar) with fine vaulting. Other apartments (chamber of flagellation,
chapter-house , audience saloon , residence of the superior) a^oin the B.
side of the cloisters. On the W. side is the winter or lay-refectory, divided
into two parts by seven double columns. The entire structure, one of the
best preserved of the older monasteries of Germany, has been restored
under the superintendence of Landauer. — The small town of KnittUngen^

LUDWIGSBÜRG. '2, Route. 13

3 M . to the IT. of Hanlbronn station (diligence twice daily in */* br.), is
one of the traditional birthplace» of Dr. Faust.

The train now passes through a tunnel of 357 yds., by which the
watershed between the Neckar and the Rhine is penetrated. 40 M.
Mühlacker J junction for Pforzheim (p. 14); 44 M. lümgerk; 47 M.
Vtiihingen; 50 M. OrosS'Sachsenheim. On the left rise the Strom-
herg and the JBeuehelherg, two low, wooded chains of hills. The train
next traverges the old Kraichgau and Salzgau, a fertile, undulating
district, and crosses the profound valley of the Ent by a * Viaduct,
115 ft. high, and 357 yds. long, supported hy 21 arches, in two series,
one above the other (well seen from the station of Bietigheim). At
(541/2 M.) Bietiir^eim the line to Heilbronn and Hall diverges to
the N. (see R. 4). Beyond Bietigheim the line presents few at-
tractions. 56 V2 ^- Thamm. Farther on, immediately to the right,
near (57*/2 M.) Asperg , rises a vine-clad hill (*Vlew) crowned by
the small fortress ot Hohenaaperg , used as a state-prison, where
Duke Charles confined the poet Schubart from 1777 to 1787 for
having composed a satirical epigram on him.

60 M. Ludwigsbnrg (Bär), a dull town with 16,100 inhab., is
the military depot of Wurtemberg, and contains an arsenal, cannon-
foundry, barracks , military schools , &c. It was founded at the be-
ginning of last century by Duke Eberhard Ludwig (d. 1733), whose
statue adorns the market-place, as a rival of Stuttgart , and was con-
siderably extended by Duke Charles , who resided here in 1764-
85. The streets are broad and regularly built. The Palace , which
contains 460 rooms and a gallery of the portraits of sovereigns of
Wurtemberg, is surrounded by extensive, well-kept grounds. The
balcony of the Emichshurg, an artificial ruin, commands a fine view.
A subterranean vault contains a representation in wax of Count
Emich , an ancestor of the royal House of "Wurtemberg , carousing
with a Capuchin. In the cellar is a Ccwfc with a capacity of 20,000
gallons. At the S. E. extremity of the Schloss-Garten is the Chur-
chyard, containing Dannecker's monument to Count Zeppelin (d.
1801), the minister of King Frederick, erected by order ofthe latter.

The N. prolongation of the grounds is the Favoriter^-Park,
connected by an avenue of poplars with the (II/2 M.) Seegut (or
Monrepos), a royal chateau with an admirably managed farm.

Lndwigsburg is connected by a branch > railway with (3 H.) Beihingen
(p. 21), on the railway from Backnang to Bietigheiin.

63 M. Komvoestheim ; 64^2 M. Zufflenhauaen.

To Calw and Hobb , Ö6V« M. , railway in 3Vjr5 hrs. — 2 M. Korn-
thal is the seat of a sect resembling the Moravians, and like them possess-
ing several good schools. The *Inn belonging to the community is well-
known for its wines (Cape of Good Hope, Jemsalem, etc.). — i^t M.
Ditzingen. — 9 M. Leonberg (LKtam or Post; *Löwe), the birthplace of the
philosopher Schelling (p. 134), possesses an early -Gothic church ofthe
15th cent., and is noted for a fine breed of large dogs resembling the
now extinct St. Bernard race. Then past (I2V2 M.) Renningen to (16 M.)
WeUderatadt (Krone; L9we)^ with the late-Gothic Church of St. Peter &
St. Paul (end of 15th cent.), the birthplace of the astronomer Kepler
(d. 1680), a bronze *Statue of whom adorns the market-place. 18»/« M.

14 Route 3, PFORZHEIM.

Schafhaiuen; 24 H. Atthengstett. — At (90 M.) Calw ( Waldhorn)^ a town
with 4662 inhab. and a considerable timber-trade, the line enters the deep
and picturesque Nagold- Thai, — Railway from Calw to PforzheUn in V«-
'/4 hr., see below.

The line then leads through the Nagold-Thal (several tunnels), past
KenthHm^ to (32 H.) Teinach^ situated at the union of the Teinach and
Nagold. About l^/« H. up the valley of the Teinach (omnibus in 25 mln.)
are the charmingly-situated mineral-baths and hydropathic establishment
of XtmBJiiiBL' C Bad- Hotel zur Krone ^ with accommodation for 300 visitors,
D. 2 m. 80, S. Im. 20, B. 70 pf., »pens.' & B. 50-80 m. per week-, Hirsch;
Zum Kühlen Brunnen). On the hill above is ZaveUtein (^Lamm), a summer
resort, with a rained castle, the tower of which commands an extensive view^.

34 H. Thalmühle (*Inn), in the woods near which is Burg Waldeek.
36V2 M. Wildberg (Adler; Schwan), an old town, is prettily situated on a
hill partly surrounded by the Nagold. Then (42 H.) Nagold (Post; Hirsch),
a busy place, commanded by the handsome ruins of the castle of Hohen-
nagoldy which was destroyed during the Thirty Years'" War. Handsome
modern Oothic church. — The line now quits the Nagold-Thal, whicli
here turns to the W., and ascends gradually through the 8teinach-Thal to
Qündringen. The train then passes through the Hochdorf er Tunnel, 1360 yds.
in length, and reaches (48y2 M.) Hochdorf (1650 ft.), the culminating point
of the line. Beyond (51 M.) Eutingen, the junction for the Gäubahn and
the line to Hausach ($. 34), the train descends the narrow valley of
Mühlen to the Neckar-Thal, to (56V2 M.) Horb (p. 33).

66 M. Feuerbachy beyond which the train passes through a tun-
nel of 1000 yds. under the Prag.

69 M. Stuttgart, see p. 1 .

From Carlsruhe to Stuttgart by Pforzheim, see beelow.

3. From Stuttgart to Wildbad.

51 Vs M. Railway via Pforzheim in 3-4 hrs. (via Calte in 4V2 hrs.,
see above)

From Stuttgart to (29 M.) Mühlacker, see R. 2. Beyond (31 V2 M.)
Enzherg the line enters the dominions of Baden, and crosses the
Enz. 33 M. Niefern ; 35 M. Eutingen.

371/2 M. Pforzheim (810 ft.; *H6tel Autenrieth ; Schwarzer
Adler'), a busy, manufacturing town, lies at the confluence of the
Enz, the Wurm, and the Nagold (27,200 inhab.). The staple commo-
dities are gold and silver wares, in producing which 10,000 work-
men are employed. Near the station is the * Schlosskirche, erected

in the 12th-15th centuries.

In the choir are the statues of the Margraves Ernest (d. 1604), Jacob
(d. 1590), and Carl II. (d. 1577). Carl II. was the first prince of this
line who embraced the Reformed faith. Then the statue of his wife Kuni-
gunde. Margravine of Brandenburg (d. 1558); Countess Palatine Anna
(d. 15o7); Albert of Brandenburg, celebrated for his numerous cam-
paigns, who died here (in 1557) under the imperial ban; also Margr.
Bernhard (d. 1553). On a large sarcophagus are the recumbent figures of
Margr. Ernest (d. 1558) and his wife Ursula (d. 1538). Beneath a Gothic
covering is the bust of the Grand Duke Charles Frederick (d. 1811).

The market-place is embellished with a Statue of Margrave
Ernest (d. 1558), the founder of the extinct 'Baden - Durlach-
Ernestine^ line.

FsoM Pfobzheim to Calw, 17 M., railway in V«-*/« hr. The train di-
verges to the left from the Wildbad line at Brötzingen, the first station
(p. 15), crosses the Enz, penetrates the watershed between the Enz and the

WILDBAD, 3. Route, 15

Noffold by means of a tunnel, 490 yds. long, and enters the beautiful wood-
ed Nagoldthal, After passing through another tunnel the train stops at
01/2 H.) Weissenstein C^Sonne), commanded by a picturesque ruined castle.
It then traverses the Zelgenberg Tunnel^ which is 560 yds. in length,
and near (7 M.) Unterreichenbach crosses the Kagold. — 12 H. Liebenaell
(Unteres B(id; Obere» Bad; *0€fu), a watering-place with warm springs of
long established repute, pleasantly situated, and overlooked by a ruined castle.
14V2 M. Birsau (Hirsch; Schwan), with a celebrated ruined monastery
(the original Benedictine convent, founded in 830, was destroyed by Melac
in 1692). 17 M. Calw. From Calw to Stuttgart^ see p. 14 \ to Borb. see p. 14.
Fbou Pfobzhsiu to Du&lagh (Carlsruhe)y 16 M., railway in 1 hr. (fares
2 m. 50, 1 m. 70, 1 m. 10 pf.). The line skirts the 1^. slopes of the Black
Forest Mts. and traverses the fertile valley of the Pfing, Stations Ispringen,
Ereingen^ Königsbach^ Wilferdingen (Krone), SdUingen^ Berghausen^ Orötzingen
(junction for Bretten and Beilbronn^ p. 18). At Darlach ( Carleburg) ^ a
town of 7474 inhab., the train reaches the Baden main line; see Bae-
deker^» Rhine.

The railway to Wildbad continues to follow the pictnresque green
valley of the Enz. 39 M. Brotzingen; 40V2 M. Birkenfeld.

431/2 M. Neuenbürg (Post) Is a picturesquely situated town, the
greater part of which was rebuilt after a fire In 1783. Above it, on a
wooded eminence skirted by the Enz, rises the Sehlosa, erected by
Duke Christopher in 1658 on the site of an older building, and now
the seat of the authorities of the district. Adjacent Is the so-called
Fmchtapeicher J the ruins of a castle with some Roman remains.
The train crosses the Enz, passes beneath the Schlossberg, and then
re crosses the river. 46 M. Rothenbach ; 48 M. Höfen ; 49 M. Calm-
bach (•Sonne), with a handsome modern church.

51^2 M. Wildbad. —Hotel«. *Bad-Hötel} *BELLEVüEi *Klümpp,
or Bäb; charges at these, B. 2-3 m., D. 3-5 m.; *HOtel Fbet; Keim, D.
2 m. ; *HdTBL db L^Edbopb , B. from IV3, !>• SVs m. \ Boss ; Kbokb. —
Also numerous BöleU Oami» and lodging-houses. — Beer at Mick'*s. —
Vieitor»^ Tax for a stay of a week or more, 8 m.

Wildbad (1476 ft.), a celebrated watering-place (3600 inhab.),
situated in the narrow, plne-clad ravine of the Enz, possesses warm
alkaline springs , used as a cure for gout and rheumatism. The
greater part of the town lies on the right bank of the Enz , while
the station is at the lower end of it on the left bank. In the Cur^
platZy at the end of the Haupt-Strasse, are the handsome new Cur-
haus or Bad-Hdtel , with reading and ball rooms and a caf^ (music
8-9 a.m. and 6-7 p.m.) , and the large Badgebäude, with its ad-
mirably equipped baths. The Springs (90-100® Fahr.) rise in the
baths themselves, and their efficacy is chiefly ascribed to their
being thus used In a fresh and natural condition at the fountain-
head. Most of the patients (about 6500 annually) prefer the system
of bathing in common, as at Leuk in Switzerland. There are three
-well-arranged public baths for each sex (1 m.), as well as a num-
ber of private baths (1 m. 80 pf.). Between the Enz and the
Bellevue Hotel stands the new Tritikhalle, a tasteful iron struc-
ture in the Renaissance style, with a band-pavilion in the centre.
The new Katharinenstiß, a bath for the poor, is a building in the
zound-arch style. There are pleasant walks and grounds on both

16 Routed. HEILBBONN. From Stuttgart

sides of the village, on the banks of the Enz; on the S. (upper)
side past the new Roman Catholic chnich as far as the (1 M.) Wind-
hof, a caf^; on the N. (lower) side to the (1 M.) garden ^Zum kühlen
Brunnen\ a favonrite resort.

ExocBsioNs. A road ascends the Enzthal to (T^/s M.) EnxklMerU (Wald-
horn), see Baedeker' t Rhine. — By the small Wildsee, which tradition
has peopled with water-sprites, to the KalUnbrunn shooting-lodge (*Inn),
9 M. \ thence to the Hohlohthurm (9625 ft.), a fine point of view, i/« ^^•
— To (4»/« M.) Eyaehmilhl, (2V4 M.) Dobel, and (3 M.) Herrenalb.

The following is a verv interesting excursion for a whole day (one-
horse carr. 9, two-horse 14-15 m.), and is also reconnnended to pedestrians.
Via Calmbach (see above) to (2V4 M.) Reichenbaeh (Löwe). Thence, leaving
the main road, by a by-road to (6 H.) Röthenbcteh (view of Hohenzollem
from the height as the village is approached ; carriages should be sent on
from this point to Teinach), and (21/4 M.) Zavelstein (Lamm), with a
picturesque ruined castle, the tower of which commands an extensive view.
Descent to (IV2 M.) Teinach (p. 14) ; thence down to the (1 M.) Nagoldthal,
and by Kentheim to (3 H.) Calw (p. 14; also railway from this point); then
(IV2 M.) Hirsau, and (S^A M.) Liehenzell (p. 15). Thence back to Wildbad
by SeTtötnlberg and Calmbaeh,

4. From Stuttgart to Hanau.

118 H. Railwat in 5-8^/4 hrs. This line forms the shortest route firomi
Stuttgart to Berlin (16 hrs).

From Stuttgart to (14 M.) Bietigheim, see R. 2. The line follows
the course of the Enz for a short way, and then crosses it just be-
fore its influx into the Neckar, near (18 M.) Besigheim (Wald-
horn ; Krone), a small town, probably of Roman origin, with two hand-
some towers, the remnants of mediaeval castles. About 6 M. to the
N.W. is the Michelsberg (1280 ft.), on which stands a very ancient
chapel, said to have been once a Roman temple of Luna. The line
now follows the Neckar, passes through a tunnel (700 yds.) beyond
(22 M .) Kirchheim (to the right, the castle of Liehenstein , with an
interesting chapel), and returns to the river at —

25 M. Lauffen, the old castle and church of which stand pic-
turesquely on two rocks, separated by the river. Beyond (28^/2 M.)
Nordheim, on a height to the left, rises the HeucheVberger Warte,
As Heilbronn is approached , the vine-clad Wartberg becomes vis-
ible on the N., while the Schweinaberg (see below), embosomed in
trees, is seen overlooking the town on the S.E.

33 M. Heilbronn. — Hotels. * Eisenbahn -ffötel (PI. a-, B, 3), at the
bridge, R. ia/4-3 m., D. 2V2m., B. 80 pf., good restaurant; Bahnhof SdUl,
at the station, well spoken of, B. £ B. 2 m. 10 pf.; *'Falte or Pott (PI. b;
B, 3), *'Rose (PI. c; B, 3), both in the Markt.

Cafäs-Restaubants. Vörg zur ffarmonie; DeuUchei Haut; Trick; "Ha-
gele ; Fränkische Brauerei. — Wink Booms. ^Zehender, Kram-Str. ; Albreehtj
in the Allee; '*Räie, Lohthor-Str.

Heübronn, formerly a free town of the Empire , is now an im-
portant commercial and manufacturing place with 31,000 inhab.^
charmingly situated on both banks of the Neckar. The site of the
old fortifications is occupied by a pleasant Avenue , encircling the
old town, beyond which suburbs are springing up in every direction.

to Hanau. HEILBBONN. i. BouU, 1 7

To the left, in approaching the town from the station, the visitor
observes the Custom House ^nä the Wilhelms 'Canal; farther on,
the Winter and Wood Harbours. The town is entered by an iron
bridge. The late -Gothic Batkhaus (PI. 13; B, G, 3) in the
market*-place , with its 'lofty flight of steps , contains a carious
clock constructed by Habrecht in 1580. The building figured pro-
minently in the feuds between the town and Qotz von Berlichin-
gen, immortalised by Goethe. In the council-chamber his 4ron
hand' is said to have distributed blows which effectually cured
^headache , toothache , and every other human malady.' Letters
from him , from Franz von Sickingen, the intrepid Reformer, and
others are shown in the Archives. The old-fashioned house (PI. 6;
B, 3) , at the S.W. corner of the Market, is pointed out as that in
which 'Kathchen of Heilbronn' was born. The story, however, is
based on an unfounded tradition.

The *Chureh of 8t. Kilian (PI. 9; 0, 3), founded in 1013, is
the finest edifice in the town. The nave, a remnant of a basilica
with pointed arcades, is all that remains of the original structure.
The present church, in the late-Gothic style, was built in the lÖth
cent. ; the tower, 217 ft. in height, was completed in 1529 in the
Renaissance style and is now undergoing restoration. The choir
(1480), with fine articulated pillars and network v-aulting , con-
tains a winged •Altar-piece in carved wood, representing the
Nativity and Resurrection of Christ and the Death of the Virgin ,
executed by Tilmann Riemenschneider in 1498 , and a fine cibo-
rium. Behind this church is the Heilhrunnen (PI. 11), or healing
well, from which the town derives its name.

In the Sülmer-Str., which leads hence to the N., is the Hafen-
markt, with the tower of the Church of the Franciscans (PI. 7),
which was destroyed by the French in 1688. In the simple Gothic
Church of St. Nicholas (PI. 10) the first Protestant divine service
was celebrated in 1525. The Schiller-Haus opposite was occupied
by the poet in 1793-94. At the back of the church of St. Nicholas
is the house (PI. 12) of Dr. von Mayer (d. 1878), a native of Heil-
bronn and the discoverer of the mechanical theory of heat.

One of the most interesting historical edifices in Heilbronn is the
Deutsche Maus (PL 2 ; B, 4), with the Roman Catholic church , originally
erected as the emperor''8 palace, afterwards in the hands of the Teutonic
Order, and now occupied by the courts of law. Emperors, kings, and
princes lived here in state, and the Heilbronn Contract was concluded
here in 1633. The oldest part of the buildings is the lowest story of the
church-tower, in the Romanesque sty e. Opposite is the old Schonthaler
Hof, now the Restaurant zum Deutsclhen Hause (see above), where as a
quaint inscription at the door relates, Charles V. once lived for six weeks
and recovered from an illness by using the Heilbronn waters.

In the Allee are the building of the Harmony Club (PI. C,
D, 3), with a fine hall and a garden, and the Synagogue (PI. 14,
G, 4j, a handsome edifice in a Moorish style. The former contains
an exhibition of modem pictures belonging to the Kunstverein. In

Baxdeksb's S. Germany. 6th Edit. 2

18 Routed. JAGSTFELD. From Stuttgart

the vicinity are the Prison (PI. D, 5) and the new Gymnasium
(PI. 4; D, 3). The Historical Museum (PI. 5; B, 3) contains a
collection of antiquities, including numerous prehistoric objects
found in the neighbourhood of Heilbronn.

The Diebsthurm (PI. 3; B, 4), commonly known as Oottens
Thurm, in which Goethe represents the knight to have died (he
was reaJly imprisoned here for one night only in 1519), is a lofty,
square tower on the Neckar above the bridge , and is conspicuous
from the railway.

The town Water Works, with steam pumplng-apparatus and
high-level reservoir, at the base of the Wartberg, deserve the in-
spection of engineers. The Cemetery, containing some interesting
old tombstones, is tastefully laid out.

The Wartberg, rising 522 ft. above the Neckar, may be ascended
In 3/4 hour. On the top are an old watch-tower and an inn, the cen-
tral point of the busy labours of the vintage. The tower commands
a charming view of the Neckarthal. — The summit of the Sehweins'
berg (816 ft.) is reached by a pleasant, shady path in Ihr., and
commands an exquisite and extensive *Panorama, embracing the
Alb chain on the S., the Black Forest and Vosges on the S.W.,
the Haardt Mts. and Donnersberg on the W., the Odenwald and
Spessart on the N., and the Löwenstein Mts. on the £.

From Heilbronn to Bretten and Carltruhe, see p. 15.

The train now crosses the Wilhelms-Ganal and the Neckar. To
the right is the line to Weinsberg (R. 5); on the hill are the tower
and inn on the Wartberg (see above). Near (37 M.) Neckarsulm,
a pleasant little town with an old lodge of the Teutonic Order, the
train again approaches the Neckar , and beyond (39 M.) Kochen-
dorf (village and chtlteau 1/2 M. to the E.) it crosses the Kocher.

— 40 M. JagBtfeld (^Brauninger's Bad-Hotel, with terrace on the
Neckar), a saline bath at the mouth of the Jagst, near which are
the saline springs of Friedrichshall,

Fboh Jaostfeld to Ostbbbübksn, 24 M., railway in '/i-U/i hr. The
line runs via ITeudenau and MSckmühl. — 24 H. Otterburken, on the Heidel-
berg and Würzburg railway, see p. 60.

Fb«h Jagstfeld to Hsidelbbbg, 35 M., railway in 2-2V4 hrs. The
train crosses the Keckar. 2 M. Wimpfen, Tftmp/en ^im ThaF and above
it ' Wimp/en am Berg\ both 'enclaves'' of Hessen, with the salt-works and
saline baths of LudwigshtUl (^Betd-HOtel zum Ritter; Bötet Hammer , with
fine view). The fine Gothic church in the valley was erected in 1262-78.
Wimpfen am Berg is said to occupy the site of the Boman station Cor-
nelia, which was destroyed by the Huns under Attila. The directors of
the salt-works have a good collection of Boman antiquities found here.

— The line now traverses an undulating and partly wooded district.
5V2 M. Bappenau C^Oasthof zur Saline) also possesses salt-springs. Several
unimportant stations. Then (14 M.) Bimheim, where Turenne defeated the
Imperial forces in 1674. The line traverses the EUemtkal. At (22V2 M.)
Meckeaheim (Raüu>ay Hotel; Deutscher Kaiser)^ on the Eltern, it unites
with the railway to Neckarelz (p. 61). 24V2 M. Mauer; 26 M. Bammen-
thai; 28V2 H. Neckargemünd , the junction of the Würzbuig line (B. 16);
thence to (35 M.) Heidelberg, see p. 61.

The train crosses the Jagst and at (42^2 M.) Offenau , with

to Hanau. EBERBAGH. 4, Route. 19

the Bait- springs of Klemenshall , enters tlie charming Tine - clad
l^eckarthal, with its numerous castles. The Yillage and chUeau of
Heinsheim and the ruined castle of Ehrenherg are passed on the
left bank. — 46 M. Oundehheim (Prinz Karl), a small town with
walls, towers, and a picturesque chateau, situated on an iyy-
mantled rock. Opposite , on a hill on the left bank , is the ruin
of Gutteriberg. The train then penetrates the Michelsberg by a
tunnel 960 yds. long, and reaches (46^2 ^0 Hassmersheim (town
on the left bank). To the right, above (47^/2 M.) Neckanimmem,
rises the picturesque castle of Homherg , where Götz von Ber-
lichingen died in 1562. — The next part of the valley is flanked
with vine-clad and wooded hills. We pass Hoehhausen on the left
and cross the Els. 5OV2 ^- Veekarelz, the point of junction vrith
the Würzburg -Heidelberg and Meckesheim railways (p. 61). —
Beyond (52^/2 M.) Binau the train passes through a tunnel 850 yds.
long. — 66^/2 Neckargerachj with important quarries ; on the hill
is the ruined Minneburg, destroyed in the Thirty Years' War.
6772 M. Zwingenberg, with a picturesque castle, now restored and
the property of the Orand-Duke of Baden.

64 M. Eberbaeli (*Leininger Hof; * Krone), an old town with a
brisk trade in timber (4860 inhab.) The Kattcnbudtel (1959 ft.),
the highest of the Odenwald Mts., commanding a very extensive
view , may be ascended hence in 2 hrs. — To Heidelberg through
the Neekarihal, see p. 61.

Our train now quits the Neckarthal and turns to the right into
the green and wood-clad valley of the JUerbach , which it crosses
several times. Beyond (67^2 ^0 OaimuMe we cross a lofty via-
duct. — 71 V2 M. Kailbaeh; 76 M. SehöUenbaeh. The train pene-
trates the Krähberg by a tunnel nearly 2 M. long , beyond which
it descends through the Mumlingthal to (78 M.) Hettbach-Beer-
felden. We then cross the Himbachel Viaduct, 145 ft. high. — 83 M.
Erbaoh (*Zum Odenwald', Burg Wildenstein; Adler), a town with
3000 inhab., situated in the Mumlingthal, is the principal place
In the dominions of Count Erbach. The Sehloss contains an inter-
esting ^Collection of armour, old flre-arms, valuable stained glass
of the 13th-17th cent., Etruscan vases, and a number of other an-
tiquities. In the chapel is shown the stone Sarcophagus which
once contained the remains of Einhard (see p. 20) and his wife
Emma, brought from the church of Seligenstadt in 1810.

84V2 ^- Miehelsiadt (*Löwe ; Schwan ; Dr. Scharfenberg's Hy-
dropathic), a prettily-situated little town, with a late-Gothic church.
We now pass Schloss Fürstenau (left) and the stations of ZeU,
König, MümUng- Orumbaeh, and Höchai-'Neuatadt, Tunnel. — 97 M.
Wiebelsbach'Heuhaeh , the junction of the line to Darmstadt (see
Baedekers Rhine), — 99 M. Gross - ümstadt (fLamm); IOOV2 M.
Klein- TJmsiadt; iOA "ML. Langstadt; 105 V2 ^* Babenhausen, the
junction for Darmstadt and Aschaffenburg (see p. 52).

2»

20 RouU5, WEINSBEBG.

112 M. 8eligen8iadi, with 8700 inhab., U ftmouB for the abhey
founded here in 806 by Eginhard (or Einhard) , the biographer of
Charlemagne. — lliVs M. Hainatadt ; II6V2 M. KUin-Auheim. —
The train then crosses the Main and reaches (118M.) Hanau (p. 51).

5. From Heilbronii to Hall (Koremberg).

34 M. Railway in li/s-S hra. (express to Kuremberg by this rovte in
4Vs hr«., from Stuttgart to Nuremberg in ö»/« hr».)> This U the »horteat
route between Nuremberg and CarUruke (via Bretten^ p. 16).

Beilbronn^ see p. 16. The train crosses the Wilhelm^s Canal and
three arms of the Neckar, and threads a long tunnel (1111 yds.}.
To the left diverges the line to Eberbach and Hanau (B. 4).

Ay 2 ^' Weinsberg C^Traube), an ancient and historically mem-
orable town. The ruined castle of Weihertreu ('woman's faith-
fulness'), on the height, was the scene of the eyents on which
Chamisso founded one of his ballads. Justinus Kemer, the poet
(d. 1862), occupied a house at the foot of the hill. Near it is a
monument to him. The handsome Bomanesque Church , a basilica
with pointed arcades , contains a small picture of 1659 , represent-
ing the women quitting the castle. During the War of the Peasants
in 1525 the most savage atrocities were comnutted here.

The train now traverses the fertile and populous WeiMberger
Thai. On a hill to the right, near (8 M.) Willtbaeh, stands the
small town of Lowerutein, commanded by the ruined castle of the
Löwenstein-Wertheim family. In a narrow valley at the N.W. foot
of the hill lies the Thauaser Bad , with springs containing Epsom
salts and sulphate of lime; at the N.E.base is Lichienstem, a Pro-
testant Beformatory for children, formerly a nunnery. Beyond
(10 M.) Esehenau the train descends into the valley of the Brettach,
which it crosses near (13 M.) Bretzfeld,

I6V2 M. Oehringen (WürtUmberger Hof), pop. 3700, is a
pleasant town on the Ohm, with a chateau of Prince Hohenlohe-
Oehringen, below which are cellars of vast size. The Gothic Stißa-
lurche, containing monuments of the Hohenlohe famuy and good
stained glass, is interesting. — > 21 M. Neuerhstem; 24^2 ^« Wald-
enhurg, both containing chateaux of the Hohenlohe family. Beyond
(27 M.) Kupfer the train reaches the culminating point (1378 ft.)
of the line, and then descends to (30 M.) Oailenkirchen and the
valley of the Kocher, passing through two tunnels.

34 M. Hall, or Schwäbiseh^Haü (*Lamm; * Adler), an ancient
town on the Kocher (pop. 9126), has a picturesque appearance from
the station. The Gothic Church of St. Michael (1427-1Ö25) contains
as altar-piece an Entombment , sacribed to Lohkom (about 1480).
On the left bank of the Kocher is the Church of 8U Catharine, a
building of the 14th cent., containing a line high-altar. The inter-
esting church (12th cent.) of the old Benedictine abbey of JTom-

BACKNANG. 6. Route. 21

burg, situated at Steinhach, 1^2 ^- ^ *^® S. of Hall, and now
tenanted by invalid soldiers, possesses an embossed altar^coYering
(antipendinm) in gilded copper, dating from 1130, and a hnge
candelabrum of the same period. Close beside it is KUin-Kom-
burg , -with an early-Romanesque basilica , dedicated to St. iEgi-
dlus. In the choir are some frescoeft of the 12th cent., discoyered
in 1877, and now restored. — Large salt-works with saline baths.

Salt is largely manufactured here. The salt-water is conveyed ia
pipes from the *Wilhelmsglttck mine (9 H.), which is more interesting
than those in the Salzkammergut, and rather resembles those of Wieliczka.
Descent by a long flight of steps (680), or by a slide. The long galleries
and spacious halls, glittering with crystals of salt, are imposing. Pure
rock-salt is excavated here. Where the salt is less pure, it is obtained
by filling portions of the mine with water, which in a few weeks
becomes saturated with salt, and is drawn ofif and evaporated.

Beyond Hall the train passes through two tunnels and goes on
to (38 M.) Hessmihal, junction of the following line (p. 22).

6. From Stuttgart to Crailsheim and Nuremberg

vii Backnang.

190 M. Bailwat in 4*/4-'7*/4 hrs. This railway forms the shortest line
of communication between Stuttgart and Ifuremherg (comp. KB. 6, 7).

From Stuttgart to (8 M.) Waiblingen^ see p. ^3. TheMuBBTHAL-
Bailway here diverges to the left from the Bemsthal Line (R. 7),
and crosses the profound valley of the Berns by a lofty viaduct and
a long iron bridge. IOY2M. Neustadt, close to which is the favourite
watering-place of Neustadtle. A tunnel 390 yds. long is then passed
through. 12 M. Schwaik?ieim ; 14 M. Winnenden , a busy little
manufacturing town, with the ch&teau of Winnenthal, now a lunatic
asylum. 16 M. Nellmershach, Beyond (17 M.) Maubach the train
enters the valley of the Murr and reaches —

19 m. Backnang f'Post^, a manufacturing town with extensive
tanneries, and the interesting Gothic-Bomanesque church of the
canonry which was founded here about 1116. — The small water-
ing-place of RieteiMU (Curhaus) lies 3 M. from Backnang.

Fbom Baoknaho to BiKTisniM, 16 M., branch-railway in 1-1 V« br. —
The line follows the vidley of the Jf urr, passing Burgstall and Kirehberff, to
Xarbach (Pott), a small town on a height on tiie right bank of the lleckar,
about 6 M. to the N.E. of Ludwigsburg, the birthplace of Schiller (b. 10th
Kov., 1750; d. 9th May, 1805). The house in which he was bom was
purchased by aubscripäon in 1859, and has been restored as far as possible
to its original condition. It contains various reminiscences of the illustrious
poet. Close to the town is the Behillerhöhe , a park commanding a beau-
tiful view, and contatning a colossal bronze *3t{»ttte af ßehiller. by Bau,
erected in 1876. — The line crosses the Neckar by a viaduct 100 ft. high
(fine view). — 12V« ^- Beihingen function for Ludtoigsburg, p. 13). Then
(16 H.) BieUghtim (p. 18).

Beyond Backnang the train crosses the Weissach and descends
into the peaceful Murrthal, which is bordered with forests. 22 M.
Steinbaeh; 23 M. Oppenweilety with the chateau of the knights of
Sturmfeder, and the hoary Beiehenberg. 26^2 M. Sulzbaeh, where

22 Route 6, CRAILSHEIM.

the medisBval chateau of Lautereck is now a tannery. The train
crosses the Murr and arrives at —

29 M. Morrhardt (*8tem ; Sonne or Post ; Hirsch)^ a small and an-
cient town, formerly the seat of a Benedictine abbey. The WcdderichS'
kirehe , built on the site and with the remains of a Roman fort, and
the Stadtkirche, formerly the abbey-church, will repay a visit. The
* Walderiehskapelle, adjoining the N. tower of the Stadtkirche, is
a gem of the late-Romanesque style. The fountain in the market-
place is surmounted by a statue of one of the Dukes ofWurtemberg.

The end of the Murrthal is of historic interest as the site of
the boundaries of the Roman empire, of which all traces have
disappeared. Beyond (32 M.) Fomsbach the train penetrates the
watershed by a tunnel 578 yds. in length, enters the Rotkthal near
(ßb yi..^ Fiehtenberg , threads another tunnel, 590 yds. long, and
reaches the Kocherthal and (38V2 ^0 Oaildorf, The Kocher is
crossed by a lofty bridge. 40 M. Ottendorf; 43V2 M. Withelfm-
glück ^ the station for the salt-mines of that name (p. 21). Then
(451/2 M.) Hessenthal, junction of the line from Hall (p. 20).

The next stations are Sulzdorf, where the Buhlerbaxih is crossed,
Orossaltdorf, Eckartshausen, and Maulach, with a chalybeate spring.

62 M. Crailsheim (*Lamm ; Motel Faber), on the Jagst, a town of
4642 inhab. , with a handsome Rathhaus and the chateau of Hohen-
lohe, now occupied by the district-authorities. The Church of St,
John, a Gothic edifice of the i5th cent., contains a winged altar
with paintings by Wohlgemuth, and a ciborium of 1498.

From Cbailshbim to Mjsbosnthbim , 36V2 M., railway in 2-3V2 brs.
Stations Saiteldor/^ Wallhatuen^ Roth am See (p. 115), Blaufelden, Schrozberg
(p. 115), (28V2 M.) Niederstetten (an old town with walls and gates, the
residence of Prince Hohenlohe-Jagstberg), (28 M.) Laudenhaeh, (30 H.) TTet-
kersheim (*Hirsch, Lamm), on the Tauber, with the interesting chateau of
Prince Hohenlohe-Langenburg (to Creglingen and Rothenburg ob der Tauber^
see p. 115). Then MarJteUh^m (a wine- growing place), IgershHm, and
Mergentheim (p. 60).

Fhoh Cbailsheim to 176BDLIN6EN, 40 M., railway in Q^/ir^/^ hrs.;
TO Ulm (68 H. ; by Aalen and Heidenheim) in 3V2-6 hrs. The line ascends the
Jagstthal towards the S. \ stations Jagstheim, SUmp/aeh, and JagtUsell, where
the Jagst is crossed. Then (13 M.) EUwangen (Adler; Poet), an old town
(pop. 47(X)) with a castle on the height above it, formerly the capital of
a small ecclesiastical principality, suppressed in 1809. The Stiftskirche,
founded in 770, and rebuilt in 1124, is a Romanesque basilica; the crypt
under the choir is in admirable preservation, the interior was embellished
with pleasing stucco- ornaments in the 17th century. On the walls are
two epitaphs in bronze by Peter Vischer of Nuremberg. — About */« ^•
from EUwangen lie the favourite mineral baths of Sehrezheim, At (18Vs M.)
Ooldshö/e the train reaches the Remsthal Railway (R. 7).

Beyond (67 M.) Ellrichshausen, with a mined castle, the train
crosses the Bavarian frontier. — 691/2 M. Schnelldorf; 72^2 Zum-
haus; 76 M. Dombühl (Rail. Restaurant, with R.), the junction
for Dinkelsbühl and NordUngen (p. 98). — 82 V2 Budielberg;
85 M. Leutershausen. — 91^2 ^- Anibaeh (p. 115), the Junction
of the Frankfort and Munich line (R. 25).

WAIBLINGEN. 7. RouU. 23

The line tiaTerses the RezaWud for a short distance, and leads
N.E. by stations Sachsen and WicJUesgreutk to (100 V2 M.) Heile-
htonnCPast), a small town with the remains of a celebrated CUter-
eian Abbty , partly in good preseryation. The Ghnrch , a Roman-
esque basilica, begnn in 1150, with a Gothic choir (1263-80 and
later) and Gothic aisles (1430-36, afterwards enlarged), and the
Refectory (now used as a brewery), with fine vaulting, rich Roman-
esque portal, and Gothic turrets, are still standing, while the
cloisters and other portions of the monastery were all destroyed in

1770.

Tbe church contains the fine monument of the Electress Anna of
Brandenburg (d. 1512); that of Kargrave George Fred, of Ansbach (d.
1608), with eight statuettes of Counts of ZoIIem; and those of several
other Margraves and Franconlan knights are worthy of inspection. Also
interesting are three winged altar-pieces with carvings and paintings of
the school of Wohlgemuth (about loOO) and a late-Gothic ciborium (1515).
Both the church and its works of art have suffered from the restoration in
1856-60. The spring which gave name to the abbey rises in the interior
of the church.

IOÖV2 ^« Raitersaich ; 109 M. Rossstallf with an old church ;

114 M. Stein, with Faber'a celebrated manufactory of lead-pencils

(not shown to Yisitors). The train then crosses the Rednitz , and

reaches Schweinau and (120 M.) Nuremberg (p. 84).

7. From Stattgart to Nördlingen and Nuremberg.

Railway (Bemsthal Line) to (71 M.) NördKngen in SVi-ÖVs hrs. ; thence
to (62 M.) Nuremberg (Bavarian Railway) in 2Var4 hrs. Express train
from Stuttgart to Nuremberg in Ö8/4-6 hrs. \ comp. R. 6.

The Remsthal Railway diverges to the left from the Stuttgart
and Ulm line beyond (21/3 M.) Cannstati (p. 11), and ascends in
long windings the hill which separates the valleys of the Neckar and
the Rems. From the culminating point a fine retrospect is obtained
of Stuttgart and the valley of the Neckar. 6 M. Fellbaeh (Traube).
The line now descends to —

8 M. Waiblingen (Post; Lowe), a town of great antiquity
(4326 inhab.), whence the imperial Salic line, as well as the suc-
ceeding House of Hohenstaufen, derived their appellation of Waib^
linger, corrupted by the Italians into Ghibellinl, once so celebrated
as the name of a faction. The late-Gothic church, outside the town,
erected 1459-88 and restored in 1866, possesses a fine tower.
(To Murrhardtj see R. 6.)

The populous, fertile, and picturesque Remsthal begins here.
Beyond (11 M.) Endersbach a handsome viaduct. To the right,
in a lateral valley, are Beutelsbach (Löwe) and Sehnaith, producing
good wines, the former with a very ancient church ; to the left lies
(7ros«-J7«ppaoA(Lamm). On the height to the left of (14M.) Orun^
bach is the village of Buoch, which commands a fine view of the
Swabian Alb ; to the right is the Schonhühl, with a reformatory for
boys. 17M. WirUerbaeh.

24 SouU7. AALEN.

18^2 M. Sehomdorf /^JTrom;;, an old town once fortlfled, possesses
an interesting Gothic chnrch, with very fine portal and choir of 1477.

Near (21 M.) Urbaeh the train crosses to the right bank of the
Rems. 22^/2^. Pluderhausen (Stem). 24 M. Waldhau9en, where the
£mp. Frederick Barbarossa is said to have been born (p. 37). The
yine-eulture ceases. To the N.E. of (27 M.) Loteh, on the Marienberg,
rises the Benedictine monastery of that name, founded by the Ho-
henstaufen in 1102, and partly destroyed during the War of the
Peasants, but recently restored. It contains several tombs and mon
uments of the Hohenstaufen. The Wäscher Seklöasle, 3/4 M. from
Waschenbeuem (Hirsch) , a village between Lorch and the Hohen-
staufen, on which their castle stood (p. 37), was the cradle of that
illustrious race. A glimpse of the Hohenstaufen is obtained to the
right, as the train emerges from a short cutting just beyond Lorch,
and soon after a similar view of the double-peaked Reehberg (p. 36).

311/2 M. Gmünd, or Schwähiseh-Omünd (Rad; Drei Mohren),
formerly a fres town of the Empire (pop. 16,321), possesses three
churches of great antiquity, and an extensive museum of industrial
products. Jewellery is the staple manufacture of the place. The
Ariers were once celebrated as architects here (p. 288). The Gothic
Kreuzkirche was erected by Heinrich Arier in 1351-77 (completed
in 1410); sculptures of the portal of 1380, carving of the altar of the
15th century. The Romanesque Church of 8t, John contains an old
picture in which the ancient castle of Hohenstaufen is represented.
Outside the town is the pilgrimage-church of 8t. Salvator, with two
chapels hewn in the rock. The monastery of Oottes-Zell is now a
prison.

Omnibus from Gmünd to Süssen (p. 27) twice daily in 8 hrs. (fare
1 m. 40 pf.). Ascent of the Reehbsrg, see p. 36.

38 M. ünterböbingen. The Rosenatein (2398 ft.\ crowned with
the ruins of a castle , ascended in 1/2 hr. from (40^2 ^0 Mogg-
lingen, commands a magnificent view of the entire Alb. At (43^2 ^0
Easing en the line crosses the watershed (1719 ft.) between the
Rems and Kocher, and then descencU into the Kocherthal.

47 m. Aalen (Krone), once a free imperial town (pop. 6800), lies
at the conJGLuence of the Aal and the Kocher.

Fkok Aalbn to Ulm, 45 M., by railway in 2V4-3 hrs. — 2Va M. Unter-
kochen; 5 M. Oberkoehen', 9 H. königsbronn, with considerable iron-works,
situated at the point where the Brenz takes its rise in the picturesque
Brenztop/ or Königsbrunnen. The train then follows the smiling Brenztkal.
12 M. Schnaitheim; 14 M. Heidenheim COehs), a thriving industrial town
with 6200 inhab., commanded by the picturesque ruins of Hellenstein. Then
stations Mergelstetten^ Herbrechtingen, with an early -Gothic church-choir,
and Giengen (Post), an old town on the Brenz, the Gothic chnrch of which
possesses two towers.

Beyond stat. Sontheim the line quits the valley of the Brenz and turns
S.W. to Nieder ' Stotzingen. The following stations are Rammingen, Lan-
genau, a well-built little town with 3650 inhab., Unter-McMngen , the seen
of the battle (i4th Oct., 1805) from which TSej acquired his ducal title,
and Thalßngen. The train then crosses the Danübe and reaches (45 H.)
mm (p. 27).

ESSLINGEN. 8. Route, 25

The line now raus towards the N. along the right hank of the
Kocher. At (4872^0 ^asseralfingen (Zur Eisenhütte) are exten-
siye iron-works (interesting little rack-and-pinion railway ascending
to the shaft on the hillside). The train here quits the Kocherthal
and ascends a sharp incline to (51^2 M.) Ooldthdfe (junction for the
EUwangen and Crailsheim line, p. 22), where it diverges to the E.
On a height to the right, between (54 M.) Westhausen and (57 M.)
Lauehheimj is the Kapfefiburg^ once a Teutonic Lodge. Beyond
Lauchheim the line is carried through the watershed between the
Rhine and the Danube by means of deep cuttings and a tunnel
(710 yds.), and enters the narrow and picturesque Eger^Thal. Above
Bopflngen to the right , rises the ruin of Floehberg , to the left,
the /jp/' (2237 ft.).

64 M. Bopflngen (König v. Württemberg^, once an imperial town.
The Gothic Church ofSt. Blatius contains a winged altar-piece by
F. Herlen (1477) and a ciborium by H. Boblinger (1510>

The line now enters the Ries (p. 98). 76 M. Troehtelfingen ;
68 M. Pflaundoch.

71 M. Ndrdlingen , p. 97. From Nordlingen to Nuremberg,
«ee R. 22.

8. From Stuttgart to Friedriohflhafen.

123 M. Railway to Ulm in 2V4-3»/4, to Friedrichflhafen in iy^-V/t hrs.

The line skirts the Anlagen , passes through the Rosenstein
Tunnel, and crosses the Neckar to (2^2 M.) Cannatatt (p. 11). Fine
view of Cannstatt and the valley of the Neckar, in the distance the
Swabian Alb ; retrospect of the Royal Villa, the Rosenstein, and the
Wilhelma with its gilded dome.

5 M. üfUertürkheim (Hirsch), a village with 3164 inhab., at the
foot of the Boiheuberg (1350 ft.), where King WiUiam (d. 1864)
erected a Greek chapel, on the site of the ancient ancestral castle of
the princes of Wurtembeig, to serve as a mausoleum for his consort
Queen Catharine (d. 1819), a Russian princess, and himself. In the
interior the four Evangelists by Dannecker, and other sculptures.
Service on Sundays in accordance with the Greek ritual.

Instead of the steep, stony, and shadeiesa ascent from Untertttrkheim,
we may choose the route from OberiiirkJieiin (see below), either by Uhl-
beuh or direct, which is but little longer and very much ple&santer. A
«till more extensive prospect is obtained from the Katharinen-Linde, about
Va hr. higher up, towards the S.E. Cbaiming walk hence to (8 H.) Ess-
lingen (see below).

Barely V« M. to the S.W. of Untertürkhelm, and on the left bank of
the Ifeckar, lies the village of Wangen (Krone), a favourite point for
excnrflions . from Stuttgart. A footpath leads from Stuttgart through the
woods direct to Wangen in IV2 hr., commanding beautiful views of the
city in ascending, and of the ^eckarthal in descending.

6 M. Obertürkheim {OcYi&e), another favourite resort.

9 M. Efslingen (*Hdtel Pfähler zur Krtmej Lcdch zur Post),
prettily situated on the Neckar, with 20,864 inhab., once one of
the free imperial cities, and still partly surrounded by walls. It was

26 Routes. GÖPPINGEN. From StuUgari

founded by the Emp. Frederick II. in 1216. Large quantities of
sparkling Neckar -wine are manufactured here. The machine-
factory founded by Kessler is the most extensive in Wurtemberg.
Other branches of industry also flourish at Esslingen.

In the market-place is the church of 8t. Dionysius, a basilica
in the transition style, founded in the 11th cent., and partly
altered in the 14th and 15th , which possesses a fine screen and
ciborium of 1486. 8t. Paul's Church ^ also in the market, in the
early-Gothic style, was completed in 1268 , and is now used by the
Roman Catholics. Opposite the present town-hall, which was ori-
ginally the palace of Count Alexander of Wurtemberg, the poet, is
the Old Rathhaus, erected in 1430 and formerly known as the ^Stein-
erne Haus'. It is surmounted by the imperial eagle under a gilded
balcony, and the yane on the turret is also in the form of an eagle.
— Farther on in the same direction is the Wolfaihor, on which the
lion of the Hohenstaufen is still to be seen hewn in stone.

The most commanding building in the town is the fine late-
Gothic *Liebfrauerikirche, erected in 1406-1522 and restored by Egle
in 1862. Admirable reliefs on the three portals, especially that of
the Last Judgment on the S. Portal. The interior, with its slender
columns, contains some fine stained-glass windows. Adjacent to the
organ-loft are the tombstones of Hans and Matthsus Boblinger,
two of the architects of the church. Fine perforated tower , com»
pleted in 1520, 247 ft. in height; beautiful view ttom the top. —
The once imperial castle of Ptrfried above the town commands a
very fine view. — The MaiUe, an island in the Neckar laid out
as a promenade, is embellished with a bronze bust of Carl Pfa/f,
the historian.

On quitting Esslingen the train recrosses the Neckar. I2Y2 ^*
Althach. 14 M. Floohingen (Waldhorn) lies near the confluence of
the Fils and Neckar. Upper Neckar Railway to Tubingen^ see R. 9.

The line now follows the Fils (comp. Map, p. 36). 17 M.
Reieheribach ; 20 M. Eber^aeh. On a height near (23 M.) Uihingen
rises the chateau of FiUeck; on the river lies Faumdau, formerly
a Benedictine monastery, with an ancient Romanesque church.

26 M. Göppingen (* Apostel ; *Po9t)j a well-built modem town
with 12,102 inhab., re -erected after a Are in 1782, contains
several weaving factories. The government-buildings were formerly
a ducal castle, erected by Duke Christopher in 1562 with the
stones of the ancient castle of Hohenstaufen. At the S.W. corner
of the court an artistically - hewn spiral stone staircase (Trauben-
stieg', vine-stair) ascends to the tower. — About 472 M. to the S.
lie the baths of Boll,

Beyond Göppingen the conical Hohenstaufen (p. 37), the loftiest
and most conspicuous spur of the Alb, becomes visible to the left.
The village of Staufen^ 20 min. walk from the summit, is 5 M. from
Göppingen; one-horse carr. in I72 ^'•} 4m., two-horse 5 m.

^

to Friedrichshafen, ULM. 8. Route. 27

28 V2 M. Eislingen. — To tlie N., opposite (31 M.) Süssen
pp. 24, 36), rises the round tower of the ruined Staufeneck. About
M. to the S. of (331/2 M.) Gingen rises the Kuchalh^ a mountain-
spnr commanding an extensive view (rustic inn). To the right ap-
pear the long ranges of the Alb ; to the left, on an eminence, are the
rugged ruins of Schar feneek. To the E. is the Eibachthal with the
village of Eibach and a chateau of Count Degenfeld.

38 M. Oeislingen (Post, moderate), a busy town in a narrow.

ravine at the base of the Alb, where bone and ivory wares are

carved and turned. The late-Gothic Marienkirche, founded in 1424,

contains choir-stalls carved by Jörg Syrlin the Younger (1512). On

a rock above the town rises the tower of Helfenstein, destroyed

in 1552.

Geislingen is a good starting-point for a visit to the Swabian Alb
(comp. p. 37). We ascend tbe valley of tbe Fits on foot or by diligence
(twice daily, in 2^/a hrs.) to Bcui Ueborkingen, (8V2 M.) Deggingen, and
(5 M.) Wietensteig (Post). About V* M. beyond Deggingen we see to the
left the baths of JDitzenbach, with a chalybeate spring. From Wiesen-
steig we ascend on foot to the (^4 hr.) '^ReuMemMn, a picturesque ruined
castle on a precipitous rock, commanding a charming view of the Keid-
linger-Thal. We then proceed along the ridge to the (Va hr.) H^imen-
»tein, a dark, rocky hollow, a few paces below which we obtain a fine
view of the Keussenstein and the valley. From the Heimenstein our route
leads by Randeck and Ochtenwang (Inn, rustic) to the (1 hr.) "^Breitenstein,
a lofty spur of the Alb Mts., descending precipitously to the plain. Then
by the Ravberhof and the ruins of the Rauberburg to the (1 hr.) Teek^
whence we descend to Oieen (p. 37). If we omit the Breitenstein, we may
proceed from the Beussenstein by Schopf Uch to (21/2 hrs.) Outenberg (p. 87),
and thence in 2 hrs. more to Oioen.

The line quits the Filsthal and ascends the Ghislinger Steig, a
wooded limestone hill, in which fossils abound, to the tableland of
the Swabian Alb (R. 11), the watershed between the Neckar (which
falls into the Rhine) and the Danube. The ascent is very consider-
able, about 350 ft. in 3 M. (1 : 45). Far below, to the right, is
the high-road. The train crosses the Rauhe Alb, as this lofty plain is
called (stations Amstetten , Lonsee , Westerstetten , Beimerstetten"),
and then descends into the valley of the Danube. The outworks
of the fortifications of Ulm soon become visible. The train passes
close to the (r.) Wilhelmsburg, the citadel of Ulm, on the spot
where 30,000 Austrians under General Mack, when surrounded by
the French after the battle of Elchingen (p. 24), surrendered as
prisoners of war.

58^2 M. Ulm. — Hotelt: 'Russischer Hof (PI. a), at the station,
B. from 2 m., B. 1 m., D. 2V2 m., A. 50 pf. ; Hotel de l'Edbopb (PI. b),
to the left of the station. — In the town : 'Kbonpbinz (PI. c) \ Baumstabk
(PI. d); Goldener Löwe (PI. e), moderate charges; *'Oberpollinoeb,
Hirsch-Str.; Goldeneb Hibsch; Railway Hotel, R. IVs m« — Beer at the
Württemberger Hof, Flaztgasse ; Strauss, OberpoUinger, Hirsch-Strasse ; Beer
Saloon near the chief guard-house. — Restaurant on the Wilhelmshöhe, a fine
point of view.

Ulm (1204 ft.), with 33,610 inhab. , formerly a free imperial
city of great importance, as its external aspect still indicates , and

28 BouU 8, ULM. From Stuttgart

from 1842 to 1866 a fortress of the Germanlc Confederation , has
belonged to Wurtemberg since 1810 (garrison 5000). It lies on the
left bank of the Danube^ which is here joined by the Blau, angmented
by the Hier above the town, and from this point downwards is navig-
able. The river is the bonndary between Wurtemberg and Bavaria,
to which NeU" XJl/m on the opposite bank belongs.

The * Münster (Prot.; Fl. 4), a church with double aisles,
founded in 1377, and built at intervals down to the beginning of the
16th cent., but still uncompleted, is one of the finest Gothic cathedrals
in Germany. The massive and beautifully decorated * Tower in tho
centre of the W. facade, with the magnificent triple vestibule between
the projecting buttresses , is a most Imposing structure , 344 ft. in
height (projected height 625 ft.). It commands an extensive view
from the Sentis to the Zugspitze, while the Alps of Glarus are also
visible in clear weather. The work of perfecting and restoring the
structure has been in progress since 1843. The buttresses along
the whole length of the church have been finished, the towers of
the choir have been rebuilt, and the principal tower is now being
completed.

The Intbbiob originally consisted of a nave with two aisles, all of eqaal
breadth, but in 1507 the latter were divided by slender round pillars and
covered with star vaulting, so as to form four aisles. The church is the
largest in Germany, after tiie cathedral of Cologne (length 199 yds., width
55 yds. \ nave 141 ft. , aisles 72 ft. in height). The sculpturing on the
portals is worthy of inspection. On the principal W. portal are the
Creation, the Fall, Apostles, etc.; on the S.£. side-portid the Last
Judgment; on the S.W. side -portal the history of Mary. The principal
W. entrance first leads to the Ve»tibuU of the Nene, erected in 1861, with
good modem stained glass and the magnificent Organ, the largest in
Germany, built in 1866 (100 stops). By the second pillar of the nave is
the *Pulpii^ executed by Burkhard Engelberger about 1500, the * Cover
beautifully carved in wood by J. Syrlin in 1610. Farther on, to the left
of the entrance to the choir, is the *(Xborium of 1169, 93 ft. in height,
beautifully sculptured in stone by the ^Master of Welngarten\ Above the
triumphal arch is a large fresco of the Last Judgment, attributed to Her-
lin (? 1470), and till lately concealed by the whitewash. The * Choir
Stalls, by Jörg Syrlin the Elder, 1469-1474, whose bust a^joins the shrine
of the saint, are boldly carved in oak. The busts on the K. side below
embody paganism, the relief-busts Judaism, above which is Christianity
in the pointed arches. On the 8. side are Sibyls below , women of the
Old Testament in the middle, and women of the New Testament above.
High altar by M. Schafifner (1521). Fine old stained glass in the choir of
1480. The S. aisle contains the octagonal Font, with busts of prophets,
mottoes, and armorial bearings, by Syrlin the Elder (1470). On the walls
and pillars are numerous escutcheons of Swabian families. The octagonal
ffoljf Water Bcuin round the £. pillar is in the late-Gothic style, by Burkhard
Engelberger (1507). The 8. (Besserer^») Chapel contains a beautiful portrait
of Eitel Besserer by Martin Schafiiier (1516). The Sacristy contains a
delicately - executed *Altar-piece of 1484 , attributed to M. Schön. — The
sacristan lives on the right side of the principal entrance (fee s/i-l m.).

In the market is situated the Batkhaus (PI. 11), erected at the
beginning of the 16th cent, in the transition style from late-Qothlc
to Renaissance, with remains of ancient £rescoes. The FUchkcuttn,
a beautiful fountain at the S.£. corner, Is by Syrlin the Elder (1482).

A little to the W. is the Neue Bau (PI. 8), erected in 1591 on

to Friedrichshafen. BIBERACH. 8, Route. 29

the site of an old imperial palace, and now containing gOTemment-
offlces. The quadrangle , decorated in sgraffito , contains a fountain
in the centre with St. Elizabeth. — An old patrician dwelling-
house in theTaubengasse has lately been fitted up as an *lndu9tricU
Museum, containing fine wood panelling, ancient sculptures in
stone and wood, works in iron, Renaissance furniture , early Ger-
man and other paintings, etc. — The 8tone Bridge at the beginning
of the Hirsch-Strasse affords a picturesque survey of the Blau, en-
closed by mediaßval wooden houses.

Fbom TTlm to Ksmptbn, M^/i M., railway in 3 hrs. — Stationa Niu-Ulm^
Senden (janetion for Weit»9nhom). To the right, on the opposite bank of
the Hier, lies Ober- Kir chberg., with a ch&teau of Prince Fugger. The line
now follows the coarse of the Hier. Stat. Voehringen; Bellenbtrff. At
(15 M.) Ittertissen (Hirsch) is a well-preserved castle, said to be of Roman
origin. Kear stat. AUen*t€uit the extensive chateau of illereiehen. Stations
KellmUnZf Fellheim^ Heimertxngen. Then (33 M.) Xemmingen (*Baxri*cher
Hof; Falke) , an old town with 84(X) inhab., a free city of the Empire
down to 1802, and still partly surrounded by walls. Hops are extensively
cultivated here. The principal church contains 67 'Choir-stalls, carved in
the richest late-Oothic style, and dating from the close of the 15th cent.,
probably by Jörg Syrlin (branch-line to Buchloe^ p. 168). — Stations Orö-
nenbaehy Dietmannsriedy Heieing^ Kempten (p. 169).

From Ulm to Aalen^ see p. 24^ to Sigmaringen and Bado{ftell, see B. 13.

The line now ascends for a short distance on the left bank of
the Danube, and passes the influx of the lUer. 63 M. Einsingen.
At (65m.) Erbach is a chateau of Baron Ulm. The as yet Insignificant
Danube is now crossed , and a flat and uninteresting district tra-
versed. Stations Risstissen (with the chateau and park of Baron
Staufenberg), Laupheim, Sehemmerherg, Langensehemmemy Wart-
hausen (with the chateau of Herr v. König).

81^2^- Biheraeh (Deutscfier Kaiser and Württemberg. Hof at
the station ; Post; Rad), with 7500 inhab., once a free town of the
Empire, is still surrounded by walls and towers. Wieland, who was
born (1733) in the neighbouring village of Oher-Holtheim, held a
civil appointment here in 1760-69. A marble bust was erected to
him in 1881.

The country now becomes more attractive, and part of it is pictur-
esquely wooded. 841/2 M. Ummendorf; 86 M. Schweinhausen ; 89M.
Essendorf; 931/2 M". Schussenried, with the district lunatic asylum.
At (97M. ) Aulendorf (^Lo-^e) is the chateau of Count Konigsegg, with
deer-park and garden commanding a fine view of the distant Alps.

Fkom Aülkndobf to Isnt, 35 M., railway in 272-8 hrs. — 5 M. Waldsee,
picturesquely situated between two small lakes, with a Schloss and Gothic
church (15th cent.). Next stations Roseberg, Wolf egg (with a chateau of Prince
Waldburg- Wolfegg) , Kieelegg function for Wangen), Leutkirch (a manu-
facturing town with 2400 inhab.), Friesenhofen. Then Isny, chief town of
a district of the same name, picturesquely situated on the Argen (fine carved
altar in the Protestant church of St. Ificholas).

Fbom Aulsvdobf to Hsuixbtinoxn, 17 M., by a branch-line in l-lVsl^r*
— Stations Altshausen (to FfuUendorf Ana Sehteakenreuie, seep. 47) and Saul-
gau, a small town with an interesting Gtothic church. At stat. Herber-
tingen the line enters the broad valley of the Danube (see p. 47).

30 Rouua, FRIEDBIOHSHAFEN.

The line now follows the course of the small river Schüssen,
which is occasionally visible as the train proceeds towards Friedrichs-
hafen. The churches in Upper Swabia are frequently roofed with
zinc. The population is Roman Catholic. 101 M. Durlesbachj 104M.
Moehenwangen. To the left beyond (107 M.) Niederbiegen rises the
old Benedictine abbey of Weingarten, with its three towers, founded
in 10Ö3 by the Guelphs, and now used as barracks. Pilgrimages
are still made to the church. Towards the S. the Sentis and other
mountains of Appenzell come in view.

IIOV2M. Bavensbnrg (1456 ft. ; Pos{), an ancient town with
10,300 inhab., surrounded by vine-clad heights, once subject to
the Guelphs , then to the Hohenstaufen , and finally a free town of
the empire, still preserves a picturesque, medisBval exterior , and is
surrounded by pinnacled walls and towers of various forms. The
most slender of the latter is termed the Mehlsack ('sack of flour*).
The Protestant church, restored in 1862, is a good Gothic structure,
with fine modern stained-glass windows.

The Yeitflburg (1719 ft.), V« ^'' from the town, commands an exten-
sive prospect, embracing the Lake of Constance, the Alps of Appenzell
and of the Vorarlberg. A still finer point of view is the ^waldbarg
(2520 ft.), 1 hr. to the £., the well-preserved ancestral castle of the family
of that name (^Truchsess von Waldburg'').

Beyond Ravensburg another glimpse of the Alps is obtained.
The line traverses parts of the Seewcdd. 113^2 ^* Oberzell ; 116 M.
Meekehbeuem. Tettnang, with the extensive chateau of the extinct
Counts of Montfort, lies to the left. The Lake of Constance now
soon becomes visible.

123 m. Friedrichihaf en . — Hotel«. * König von Wdsttbmbbso,
V4 M. to the N. of the station, recommended for a prolonged stay ; Deut-
8CHSS Haus, beside the lake and the station, with garden; ^Kkonb, with
garden, on the lake; Sonne; Dbbi Könige; Sbbhof, with garden. —
*Raitch'*» Restaurant.

The train goes on from the station to the quay, whence steamers ply
4-5 times daily to the chief places on the lake.

Friedrichshafen (1320 ft.), a busy commercial place of modern
origin, with 3100 inhab., and a harbour, as its name indicates, was
founded by King Frederick of Wurtemberg, who connected Buchhom,
the most diminutive of imperial cities', with the monastery of
Hofen, now the palace, and gave the place its modern name. The
Palace contains a few pictures by modern "Wurtemberg masters, such
as Gegenbaur and Pflug. A pavilion in the palace-garden commands
a charming prospect. The historical, prehistorical , and natural
history collections of the Bodensee Verein, in the old Hdtel Belle-
vue, deserve a visit. The lake-baths attract numerous visitors in
summer. On the bank is the KurhcUle, with a garden and view-
terrace.

Lake of Constance and steamboats upon it, see pp. 49, 160.

31
9. From Stuttgart to Tübingen and Horb.

(7omp. Mc^^ p. 36.

64 H. Railway in 3V4-4V4 brs. Best views to the left.

To (14 M.) Plochingen, see B. 8. I8V2 M. Vfiiefhoihmgen. To
the right in the valley, neai Kongen, the Neckar is crossed by a
very ancient stone bridge , from which Duke Ulrich is said to have
leaped in 1516 in order to escape from the troops of the Swabian
Xioague by whom he was pursued. Branch-line to Kirchheim unter
Tech (p. 37). To the left rise the Alb Mts., in the centre of which
is the Hohenneuffen with its imposing ruins (p. 38). 22^2 Ai. Nür-
tingen (Krone), a manufacturing town (pop. 5370) on the right
bank of the Neckar (ascent of the Hohenneuffen, 2 hrs., see p. 38) ;
25 M. NeekarthaUfingen. The line now quits the Neckar for some
distance. Near (28M.)Bemp/7in^en, fine views of the Alb, in which
Teck and Hohenneuffen (pp. 37, 38) are the most conspicuous points,
are obtained to the left.

From (30 M.) Metsingen (*Sprandel, at the station; Linde)
a branch-line diverges to Dettingen and (6 1/2 M.) Urach (p. 39).
The Erma is crossed here. The * Floriansberg (1598 ft.), 2^4 M.
to the N.E., commands a beautiful view. 33^2 ^' Sondelfingen.
The line sweeps round the Achalm (p. 39) and reaches —

36 M. Seutlingen (^Kronprinz ; *Löwe, at the station ; * Ochs,
in the market-place ; Lamm, in the Garlsplatz, near the station),
once a free imperial town , an industrial place, with 17,300 in-
hab., on the Eehaz, the water of which is conducted through all
the streets. Some of the old houses are picturesque. The ancient
ramparts and fosses have been converted into long, well-built
streets. In front of the station is a monument to Frederick List
(d. 1846), the eminent political economist, who was born here,
in a house in the Wilhelms-Strasse (indicated by a tablet). The
Gothic (Prot.) *Church of 8t. Mary, the finest in Wurtemberg , was
erected 1272-1343 , and restored in 1844 , on which occasion some
very early frescoes were discovered in the baptistery. The *Font of
1499 is admirably and richly sculptured in stone ; the reliefs in the
niches represent the Baptism of Christ and the Seven Sacraments.
The ^oly Sepulchre in the nave (about 1480) is also highly interest-
ing. The sacristan's house adjoins the W. portal, on the S. side. —
*Lucas*s Fomological Institution and the Refuges of Pastor Werner
merit a visit. About 3/4 M. from the station is the little sulphur-
bath Heilbrunr^n. — Excursion to Scfdoss Lichtenstein, see p. 40.

38 M. Betzvngen is much frequented by artists in summer on
account of the picturesque costumes of the people. At (40^2 ^0
Kirchentellinsfurt the line crosses the Echaz and re-enters the valley
of the Neckar. To the right Lustnau, with a fine church.

45 Ml Tubingen. — Hotel«. «Tbaube, B. l-li/sm., D. Im. 20, B.
75 pf.; Pbinz Cahl; Lauh, well spoken of; *'Goldnbb Ochse, near the
station, B. 1 m. 20 pf. — Beer at Malleres, at the bridge over the Neckar;
KommerelVt, near the Stiftskirche; Museum, Wilhelms-Str., etc.

32 Route 9. TÜBINGEN.

Tubitkgen^ with 12,560 inhab., Bituated on the slopes of a hill
on the Neckar, possesses a university, founded by Duke Eberhard
in 1477, the theological and medical faculties of which enjoy a
high reputation (1300 students). Melanchthon was a lecturer here
before he was summoned to Wittenberg. The Stiß, a Protestant
seminary with 180 pupils, founded In 1Ö36 by Duke Ulrich, is
established in an old Augustinian conyent. The Roman CathoUe
WUhdmsBiiftj with about 150 students, occupies the Collegium II-
luitre, which was founded in 1588 as a school for sons of the nobUity.
The Toton Hall was erected in 1435 and restored in 1877. The
house looking down on the Neckar bridge was the residence otLud"
vDig Uhlandf who died here in 1862. Near the station, on the
^Wohrd', is a bronze *8tatue of the poet, by KletE, erected in 1873.
His grave in the cemetery is marked by a monument of granite.

The late-Gothic SÜßakirehe, erected 1470-1529, contains some
fine old stained glass in the *Ghoir, and twelve monuments with re-
cumbent stone figures, chiefly of Wurtemberg princes, among vhom
are Duke Eberhard im Bart (d. 1496), the founder of the universi-
ty, and Duke Ulrich (d. 1550). An old German winged picture here
was painted by Lazarus Bertsch in 1574.

The lower part of the town is unattractive. The üniveraity,
Muaeum, and other important buildings are in the new and handsome
Wilhelms-Strasse in theE. part of the town. The university possesses
a picture-gallery (containing a Correggio and a MuriUo, and 125
portraits of professors) and other collections, among which that of
F088ÜS , in the old building next to the Stiftskirche, deserves at-
tention. It contains a fine ichthyoaanrus, 24 ft. in length. — The
Botanical Garden contains a Monument in honour of the poet J^^^•
derlin (d. 1843), presented by the sculptor Andresen in 1881.

The spacious Sefdoss, situated on a hill commanding the town,
erected by Duke Ulrich in the Renaissance style in 1535 , with a
richly decorated portal (outer entrance) of 1603, contains the ad-
mirably arranged library and the observatory. The cellars , which
contain an immense cask, a deep well |formerly descending to the
Neckar, and some torture-chambers, are shown to visitors. Fine
*yiew from the small bastion at the back of the Schoss (reached
from the court of the Schloss by the low passage behind the well) ;
also from the Oeaterherg opposite the Schloss (Gaf^ Sennhütte).

From Tübingen to Hohefuollern and ßifffnaringm, see R. 12.

About 3 M. to the N. of Tübingen, on the old Stuttgart road, lies the
well-preserved Cistercian monastery of Bebenhansen, founded in 1186, one
of the finest Gothic stractures in Swabia. The building was tastefully re-
stored in 1873-75, and is now used as a royal hunting-residence. The
summer-refectory with a collection of ancient arms and armour, the
winter-refectory with its Gobelins, and the present dining-hall with its
collection of majolica (over 300 pieces), are all worthy of inspection. The
beautiful cloisters date from 1471-1496. Eestaurant on the high-road.

On a height (1562 ft.), to the N.W. , rises the (IV4 hr.) Wurmlinffer
Capelle, commanding a very extensive prospect. Its praises have been
sung hy Uhland and other poets. (The chapel may be reached by a

BÖBLINGEN. 10, BouU. 33

pleasant path through the wood from the Schloss at Tübingen, following
the top of the hill.) To the left, at the platform V4 H. beyond the
bastion, a view is obtained of the Hohenzollern.

48 M. Kilchberg. — 51^2 M. Bottenbnrg (Bär; Kaiser) ^ an
ancient town (7100 inhab.) picturesquely situated on the Neckar,
and connected by two bridges with the suburb of Ehingen^ is an
episcopal see. The late-Gothic Church of 8t. Martin should be in-
spected. The Bischofthof, formerly a Jesuit monastery, contains a
collection of Roman antiquities found in the Roman station of
Sumelocenna^ which once stood here. The inmates of the new
Prison are employed in the manufacture of silk. Hops are exten-
sively grown bere.

The railway crosses the Neckar and follows the left bank of the
river. Vineyards gradually give way to pine-forest. 531/2 M. Nie-
dernau. The batbs of that name lie in a valley on the opposite
bank of the Neckar. The line now crosses the Neckar, and near
(55 M.) Bieringen the Startel. To the right beyond a long tunnel
rises the chateau of Weilerhurg , with its handsome tower , com-
manding a fine view. On a pine-clad eminence to the left of
(591/2 M.) Eyaeh stands the ruin of Frondeck.

In the Eyachthal, 2V2 M. to the S., lie the prettily situated chaly-
beate baths of Imnau C'Badhaus, B. 1-2 m. , board 2 m. 10 pf. to 2 m.
80 pf.), which are chiefly visited by ladies. The bath establishment is
well fitted up, and contains mineral, pine-cone, saline, Turkish, and va-
pour baths. Pretty walks and excursions. Omnibus, etc., in waiting at
Stat. Eyach.

62 M. Mühlen; 64 M.Horb. From Horb to Stuttgart yii Böb-
lingen, and to Sehaffhausen via Immer^ingen, see R. 10; to Calw
and Pforzheim, see pp. 13 and 14; to Hausach, p. 34.

10. From Stuttgart to Böblingen and Sehaffhausen.

123 M. Bailwat. Express in 6^/4 hrs. This railway forms the most
direct line of communication from Stuttgart to Central Switzerland (ex-
press from Stuttgart to Zürich in 71/4 hrs., with through-carriages), and
to the Baden Oberland (see below).

From Stuttgart to (5 M.) Hasenberg, see p. 9. Just beyond the
station the train penetrates a spur of the Hasenberg by a short
tunnel, and tben ascends (1:100), high above tbe suburb of Heslach
and tbe gradually contracting valley. Pretty views to tbe left. The
line leads tbrougb the woods on the Heslacher Wand, and is carried
across three deep gorges by means of lofty embankments. At (9M.)
Vaihingen , the train reaches the culminating point of the Filder,
the fertile upland plain to tbe S. of Stuttgart. (^Hohenhetm, p. 9,
lies 6 M. to the E.) In tbe background rise the summits of the
Swabian Alb. The Schönbuchwald is now traversed to (15^2 M.)
Böblingen (Waldhorn; Bär), an old Wurtemberg town, with a
castle, pleasantly situated on two large ponds. It possesses exten-
sive sugar-works and considerable weaving-factories. The * WaW-

Ba£deker''8 S. Germany. 6th Edit. 3

34 Route 10. HORB. From Stuttgart

burg^ a popalai restanrant, V2 ^* above the town j with a wooded
park, commands a heantifal view, embracing the Swabian Alb.

19 M. Ehningen, where the Wurm is crossed ; 21 M. Gartringen ;
23 M. Nufringen. 25^2 M- Herrenberg (Pott), another old Wnr-
temberg town, lying in the midst of the fertile Oäu ; to the left
the hills of the Schönbuch and the Rauhe Alb. — 28 M. Nebringen ;
31 M. Bondorf; 33^/2 M. Ergenzingen; 35 M. Eutingen (RaU. Re-
staur.), the junction of the lines to Hausach and to Calw and Pforz-
heim (p. 13).

Fbom Edtingbm to Hausach, 42 Va M., railway in 2Vs-3Vs ^^s. (from
Stuttgart in 41/4-6 hrs.). The line turns to the right, and as far as (2V2 M.)
Hoehdor/ coincides with the Nagold railway (p. 14). It then ascends steadily
and enters the Black Forest. Stations : Altheim , Bittelbronn , Schop/lochy
Dortutetten. The valleys of the KÜbelbaeh and Acuh are crossed by lofty
-viaducts. Then —

181/s H. (54 H. from Stuttgart) FreadeBataat {Linde; Sehwartteald Ho-
tely König Kcirl, both at the station), a loftily-situated Wurtemberg town
(6006 inhab.), the capital of a district, founded in 1599 by Protestant re-
fugees from Styria, Garinthia, and Moravia. A point about 1/2 M. from
the town, near the Roman Catholic church, commands a *View of the
Swabian Alb, HohenzoUem, etc. — Good roads lead from Freudenstadt
over the Kniebis to Oppenau on the W., and through the liurgihal to 0«m*~
hack and VTildhad (p. 16) on the N.

The train now turns to the S. and enters the smiling Kinsigthal at
(221/2 M.) LoUburg. — 28 M. Alpirtbach (Löwe, Schwan), with a Roman-
esque church of the 12th cent., carries on a brisk trade in timber and
straw-hats. — 311/2 M. Bchmkmzell; SSi/s H. SehiUach (Krone), at the con-
fluence of the SeMltaeh and the Kinzig; 391/2 H. Wof/achi 421/2 H. ffausachy
see Baedeker^ Bhine.

The train now descends the narrow valley of Mühlen and crosses
the Neckar. — 42 M. Horb (Zum Kaiser; Krone), a well-built
town on the left bank of the Neckar, the seat of the district-
authorities, with a large church in the transition style. Pop.
2237. On the hill an ancient watch-tower and a pilgrimage-chapel.

Railway by Tübingtn and Plochingen to Stuttgart, see R. 9.

The train follows the broad and smiling valley, and for a short
distance traverses Prussian territory. 46 M. Neckarhausen. The
river is now crossed , and the valley contracts. To the N. above
Fischingen rises the extensive ruin of Wehrstein. 50 M. 8ul% am
Neckar (Waldhorn), a small town of picturesque appearance, and
conspicuous from a considerable distance, with disused salt-works
and a Gothic church. Then a tunnel, to the left beyond which rises
the ruin of Oeroldseck on an isolated eminence. 'Seai(pQ'M..)Aistaig
pleasant glimpses of the valley are enjoyed. 58 M. Obemdorf(¥osi),
a prosperous village on the right in the valley. The old Augustine
monastery is now a gnn-factory, the director of which is Herr Mau-
ser, the inventor of the ^Mauser' rifle, with which the German in-
fantry is now armed.

61 M. Epfendorf; 64 M. Thalhausen. The journey hence to Rott-
well is the most interesting part of the route. The line is carried
over four bridges and through four tunnels , and Anally passes by a
long tunnel through the hill on which Rottweil is situated. The

to Schaff hausen. TUTTLINGEN. 10. BouU. 35

station, where there is an extensive engine^factory , is Y2 ^* ^'om
the town. The saline springs of WilhelmahaU Ue about 1^2 M.
to the S.

68 M. Bottweil (^Wilder Manny or Post; Lamm; Rail, BestaU'-
ranty D. with wine 2 m. 80 pf.), an ancient town (6000 inhab.)
.with well-pieserved walls and towers, was a free town of the Em-
pire and the seat of an imperial court of justice down to 1802.
The *Heilig' Kreuz- Kirchcy a fine Gothic structure (12th-14th cent.)
has been restored by Heideloff. The KapelUnkirch§ , with its fine
GK)thic tower of 1374, was entirely remodelled at the beginning of
last century. Some good carvings on the S. side and in the panels
of the doors are the sole relics of the original structure. The Chapel
of St. Lawrence in the old cemetery contains a collection of medi»-
val carvings, chiefly of the upper Swabian school. In the centre
is a mosaic from a Roman bath, representing Orpheus. The Hoch-
thurm (148 ft.), a substantial stone structure, rising from the highest

part of the town on the W. side , commands an extensive view.

Frok Bottwetl to Villingen, 17 M., railway in 1 hr. — Stations
Deiulinfferty Trossingeny Sekwenningen (the source of the Neckar is 3 H. to
the S.)- A. lofty plain, the watershed between the Rhine apd Danube,
is next traversed. Beyond atat. Marbaeh the lia« descends the Brigachthal
to Villingen (see Baedeker's Rhine}.

The line crosses the Neckar and enters the broad Primthal. To
the left several picturesque glimpses of the Hardtj Linaenibergy and
other spurs of the Alb. 7272 M. Neufra. The line ascends, and then
traverses a high-lying, well-cultivated plain, called the Baar, 75 M.
Aldingen, To the left rises the long Heuberg (2894 ft.), with the
VreifaUigkeitikirche on the nearest peak, adjacent to which is a bel-
vedere tower (ascended from Spaichingen in lY4l^f> ; splendid *Pan-
orama). To the right in the distance is the flattened cone of the
Hohenkarpfen. 77y2 M. Spaichingen r*Alte Post; Neue Post), a
straggling village. SOVjM. Bietheim. 82V2 M. Wurmlingen (Belle-
vue), a smalltown on tlie Faulenbach, 72^« ^^om the railway.
The line describes a long curve, and crosses the Danübe.

85 V2 ^' Tattlingen (Post; Hecht; Bartenbach y at the station,
well spoken of), an industrial town (8500 inhab.) lies on the right
bank of the Danube. Above it rise the ruins of the Hohburg, de-
stroyed during the Thirty Years' War, commanding a pleasant view.

The line continues to traverse the broad and fertile valley of the
Danube, which it crosses near (IIOY2 M.) Mohringen. 92 M. Im-
mendingen (Falke) is the junction for Donaueschingen (see Bae-
deker^a Bhiney

The railway again crosses the Danube , gradually ascends its S.
bank, penetrates the watershed between the Danube and Rhine by
means of deep cuttings and a tunnel, and descends to (95 M.)
Hattingen (Hauser). After a farther descent through a long tun-
nel and over lofty viaducts, the line runs along the high E. slopes
of the hills. 99 M. ThalmufUe. The wooded VaUey of Engen is

3*

36 Route 10. HOHENTWIEL.

now descended to (102 M.) Engen (Post), an ancient little town,
where the mountains are quitted.

The railway now skirts the Höhgau , a group of volcanic peaks,
the highest of which, the Höhenhöfen (2854 ft. j , rises to the W. of
(103 V2 M^O ^el^chingen ; in the background is the Hohenstoffeln,
106 M. Mühlhausen, with the ruin of Mägdeberg. 107 M. Hohen^
krähen lies at the foot of a bold rock (2116 ft.) of that name,
crowned with fragments of a ruined castle.

1101/2 M. Singen (*Äron« , V2 M. from the station ; Adler, tit
the station , well spoken of ; Ekkehard , mediocre) lies at the base
of the Hohentwiel.

The fortress of ""Hohentwiel (2273 ft.) , a small *enclave'' of Wurtcm-
berg in the HÖhgau, rises on a lofty and detached volcanic cone, >/4 K- to
the K.W. of Singen (3V2 M. from the station). It was defended with
success by the Wurtemberg commandant Wiederholt daring the Thirty
Years' War. In 1800 it was destroyed by the French. The imposing ruins
command a superb view of the Lake of Constance, the Tyrolese Alps, and
those of Switzerland as far as Mont Blanc. Indicator and telescope at the
top. A guide, the key, and a ticket for the tower (20 pf.) are procured
at the *Inn halfway up.

114 M. Gottmadingen ; II71/2M. Thaymgen; 120}!, Herblingen,
123 M. BehiKSh9M»en(*Rheini8cherHof, Riese, Hotel MuUer,
all three near the station ; *Po8t; ^Railway Restaurant) is a pictur-
esque old Swiss town (12,479 inhab.) on the right bank of the
Rhine , formerly a free town of the Empire , and now the capital
of the Canton of that name. The Münster , an early-Romanesque
basilica of 1104-1453, has recently been restored. The massive
tower of Munot dates from the 16th century. The Fäsenstaub, a

pleasant promenade, commands a fine view of the Rhineand the Alps.
The «Falls of the BHras are most conveniently visited by proceeding
by railway from Schaffhausen to stat. IfeuTunuen^ 2Vt M. distant. See Bae-
delcer's Switzerland.

11. The Swabian Alb.

This district, forming the central part of Swabia, is a wooded range
of limestone mountains, intersected by picturesque valleys, bounded on the
W. by the Black Forest, on the 1?. by the valley of the Keckar, and on
the S. by the Danube. The portion adjoining the Danube, a lofty and
sterile plain, is appropriately termed the Rauhe Alb («'. «. bleak, incle-
ment). The mountains on the side towards the ITeckar are picturesquely
grouped, affording numerous views, and the valleys are luxuriantly fertile
and partly clothed with fine beech-forest, while many of the towns are
antiquated and interesting. Inns generally good and inexpensive. Pedes-
trians desirous of deviating from the usual route of tourists will find
many attractions in this district.

The most interesting points , which may be visited in five days, are :
Bechberg and HohemUitkfen., the Lenninger Thai and the Teck, Hohenneuffen^
the Uracher Thal, Reutlingen with the Achalm, the Hanauer Thal and
Lichtenstein, Tübingen, Hohenzollem.

FiBST Day. By the flrst train from Stuttgart to Gmünd (p. 24).

Thence by a good road (on which the omnibus to Süssen runs, see

p. 24) to the (4 M.) summit of the upper ^Bechberg (2316 ft.).

On the broad plateau of the mountain stands a much frequented

HOHENSTAÜFEN. 11. RouU, 37

pilgrimage-chapel (refreshments at the parsonage, but no quarters
for the night). The view is preferred by many to that from the
Hohenstaufen. It embraces a wide tract of fertile and undulat-
ing country, sprinkled with towns and Tillages, stretching to the
N. as far as the Welzheimer Wald, from the old-fashioned town of
Gmünd in the foreground to the distant Ellwangen. . To the W.,
beyond the old castle of Rechberg, rise the Hohenstaufen and the
Black Forest Mts. ; towards the S.W. extend the mountain ranges
of the Swabian Alb ; and in clear weather the Tyrolese and Swiss
Alps are distinguishable towards the S.E. and S.

The traveller now proceeds to visit the ruins of the castle of
Hohenrechberg (burned down in 1865), situated on the lower peak
of the mountain. Thence by a path, which cannot be mistaken,
along the crest of the hill in i^U hr. to the village of Hohenstaufen
(Ochs, Lamm, both moderate), situated on the slopes of the
* Hohenstaufen (2237 ft.), to which a path ascends from the village
in 20 minutes. Near this path is a small Church, now partly restor-
ed, the sole relic of the epoch of the Imperial House of Hohenstaufen
(sacristan, who lives in the vicinity, small fee).

The gable was restored in 1859 and adorned with the imperial eagle
surrounded by the names of the emperors of this illustrious family (1138-
1254), which became extinct by the premature death of the ill-fated Gon-
radin in Italy. Above are the armorial bearings of the seven ancient
electorates of Germany ; beneath, those of the former kingdom of Jerusa-
lem ; then those of the other countries (Burgundy, Holland, Denmark, Po-
land, Sardinia, Naples, &c.) over which the emperors held supremacy. On
the K. wall is an old fresco, almost obliterated, of Frederick Barbarossa,
with inscription, probably of the 16th cent. , recording that the emperor,
^amor bonorum, terror malorum\ was in the habit of entering the cliurch
by this door (now walled up).

Of the ancient castle on the summit of the hill scarcely a trace
is left; it was destroyed during the War of the Peasants in 1525,
and the stones were afterwards employed in constructing the castle
at Göppingen (p. 26). Extensive prospect.

A pleasant road, traversing woods for a considerable way, leads
from the village of Hohenstaufen to (0^/2 M.) Göppingen (rail.
Stat., p. 26). Thence by evening-train via Plochingen and Unter-
hoihingen('p. 31) to Kirchheim unter Tech (Post ; Löwe), a small town
possessing a handsome palace, and prettily situated in the Lauter-
thal in the midst of the Alb Mts. The night should be spent here.

Active pedestrians should walk from the village of Hohenstaufen to
(11/4 hr.) EUUngm (p. 27), take the train to (S/4 hr.) OeUUngM, and walk
thence by Wietentteiff to Owen (comp. p. 27).

Second Dat. Exeuraion to the *Lenninger Thai, one of the
most beautiful in the Alb, extending 12 M. to Outenberg, a very
pleasant drive. From Owtn (*Post or Krone , moderate), a small
town about halfway to Gutenberg , with a handsome restored Go-
thic church , the traveller should ascend (in 1 hr.) to the ruined
castle of *Teok(2552ftO, the ancestral residence of the Dukes of Teck
(picturesque view ; the SibyUenloch is a lofty grotto on the brink

38 Route 11. URACH. Swahian Alb.

of tlie rock on the W.). On an imposing^ lOCk near Oher-Lenningen
rise the remnants of the Wielandstein. From Gutenberg the ped-
estrian shonld proceed by Schlattstall and OtabenateUen (with
guide) to the Beuren Rock and Hohenneuffen (in 3 hrs.), without
descending into the Talley (carriages drive by Owen and Beuren to
Neuffen).

The *Beiirener Fels , or Rock of Beuren (ascended by a good
path from Owen or from Beuren in 1^4 hr.), is a prominent mass of
rock commanding a beautiful view of the plains of Wurtemberg
(Black Forest, Melibocns, Donnersberg, &c., in the background}.
Hence across the elevated plateau by Erkenbtecht9weiler in 1 hr. to —

^Hohennenffen (2398 ft.), a conical and conspicuous height,
crowned by the imposing ruins of an ancient stronghold, demolished
as unsafe in 1802. Fine view with charming foreground (refresh-
ments in summer).

From the Hohenneuffen to stat. Nürtingen^ 1 V2 hr. (see p. 31).
— Urach may be reached hence in 2^/2 ^^s. by traversing the table-
land and passing the village of HiUbenj without descending into
the valley. It is pleasanter, however, to descend by a good path
through the wood to the cheerful town of Neuffen (Hirsch). Thence
over the Sattelbogen in 1 V2 ^'* ^ Dettmgen in the Urach valley
(p. 31), and by train in 1/4 hr. to Urach. Of the three last^mention-
ed points of view, Teck may best be omitted where time is limited.

Thisd Day. üraeh (1510 ft. ; *Po8t; Zum Fass^ unpretend-
ing, ^pens.' 372 III.) is an old-fashioned little town , frequented
as a summer-resort. The Church ofSt, Amandus was built in 1472,
and the monastery in 1477 by Count Eberhard im Bart, whose con-
fessional in the church is adorned with good carving. The church
also contains a beautiful font, executed In 1518 by Christoph of
Urach. In the Schloss , erected in 1443, partly of wood, is a hall,
called the 'Goldene Saar, containing reminiscences of the Counts,
afterwards Dukes of Wurtemberg. The fine Gothic Fountain in the
market place dates from the same period as the Tischkasten' at Ulm
(p. 28). Railway to Metzingen in 31 mln., see p. 31.

The * Uraoher Thai from Dettingen to Seeburg , 6 M. above
Urach, vies in beauty with the valley of Lenningen ; the slopes are
richly clad with beech-forest. Near Dettingen rises the conspicuous
Sossberg (2572 ft.) ; farther up, the Kugelberg, in a side-valley on
the right; then Hohen^üraeh and the Thiergartenberg.

Beyond Urach the road ascends by the course of the Erms, with
its numerous mills, into the *Seebiirg0r Thai, a picturesque, rocky,
and well-wooded valley. Above the Oeorgenau rises the ruined
Hohenwittlingen y beneath which is the fine stalactite cavern of
SehiUingsloch, Farther on, the ruins of Baldeek, In the upper and
wildest part of the valley, between lofty walls of rock, lies the small
village of Seeburg. On a high eminence here is the little castle
of Vnfels. The Erms, though only 50 yds. from its souTce, drives

SwdbianAlb, HOHEN-UBACH. 11. RouU, 39

a mill here. The excarsion fiom Urach- to Seeburg is best made
in an open carriage (one-horse earr. there and back about 272 m.).

The most attractive excursion from Urach is to (^/^ hr.) Hohen-
üraeli (2138 ft.) and to the waterfall. A new and easy footpath
(not to be mistaken) leads to the right at the large beech-tree at
the entrance to the wood. The summit is crowned with exten-
sive ruins and affords a good view, but is inferior in interest to
the Hohenneuffen. Beneath the second gateway of the castle , to
the left , is the chamber in which the ill-fated poet Frischlin was
imprisoned ; in attempting to escape he was dashed to pieces on the
rocks below (1590). A path through beautiful beeoh-wood leads
hence to (^2 l^^O <^ grassy terrace, from which the * WaUrfaU of
Urach is precipitated to a depth of 80 ft. By retracing our steps
from the castle to the (lOmln.) last flnger-post (* Auf die Festung')
and proceeding a few paces to the right, we reach another flnger-
post, whence one path leads straight on to the top of the fall, an-
other to the right to the foot of it. The best point of view at the
foot of the fall has been named the 'Olga-Ruhe', in commemora-
tion of a visit of the Queen of Wurtemberg. The trains stop if
desired at the entrance to the lateral valley containing the fall.
Hence back to Urach in ^2 b^*

From Urach the traveller may proceed by railway vi& Metzingen
(to the £. the Florianaberg, p. 31) to BeuUingen (in 47 min.).
Pedestrians should select the far more attractive route over the hills
(3 hrs., guide desirable). On their return from the waterfall, they
should turn at the base of the Kugelberg into the other branch of the
side-valley, to OutertMny formerly a Carthusian monastery, now a
stud-establishment; then a steep ascent by the * Wasserweg' to
8t. Johann (Inn, fair) ; or direct thither from the waterfall by the
zigzag path to the right. On leaving the wood at the (^2 ^'0 ^P
of the hill , the path leads straight on past a stone hut called the
BuUehenhof, The traveller should, however, first follow the slope
to the right as far as the boundary-stone, where he will obtain a
charming view of the peaceful valley, with Hohen-Urach, Hohen-
neuffen, and Teck, one of the finest prospects in the Swabian Alb.
From the stone hut to St. Johann , ^/^ hr. — From St. Johann in
20 min. more the *Or&ne Felsen (*green rock' ; 2651 ft.), a delight-
ful point of view, is reached : we first follow the path indicated by
a flnger-post as leading to Glems , and almost immediately reach
another notice-board on a tree to the right. From St. Johann a
pretty path descends to Enmgen (*Bazlen) , a busy manufacturing
market-town at the base of the Achalm, and to Reutlingen (p. 31).

FouBTH Dat. From Reutlingen to the summit of the * Aohalm
(2300 ft.), an isolated mountain, about halfway up which a sheep-
farm of the King of Wurtemberg is situated. The sheep, 600 in
number, And excellent pasture on the higher slopes of the moun-
tain. On the summit a lofty tower with a huge vane. Admirable

40 Route 11. LICHTENSTEIN.

*yiew : Tübingen Castle , Liehtenstein , entire chain of the Alb,
Hohenneuffen, Rechberg, and Hohenstaufen ; picturesque fore-
ground , below the spectator Reutlingen, to the S. Eningen. The
carriage-road to the Achalm, diverging from the Metzingen and Urach
road , is much longer than the footpath , by which the summit is
easily attained in IY4 hr. : from the post-office the Crarten-Strasse
(10 min.) is ascended to the left, at the end of it to the left again ;
In 10 min. the base of the mountain is reached, and the path passes
under a bridge; after 3 min., an ascent to the left towards the
sheep-farm, which is attained in ^4 ^^* ; thence by winding paths
to the summit in ^2 ^^' ^^V ^^ ^^^ tower (40 pf .) kept at the farm ;
Tiew from the foot of the tower almost as good as from the top.

Delightful excursion from Reutlingen, one of the most attractive
in Swabia, to Schloss *Idehteii8tein (2985 ft.), or the '8ehlÖ88chen\
3 hrs. to the S. of Reutlingen. This modem chiteau, erected in
1842 by Count William of Wurtemberg , Duke of Urach (d. 1869),
stands on an isolated, rocky peak , rising 850 ft. above the Honau
valley (shown to strangers by cards of admission obtained at the
Old Palace at Stuttgart, p. 3 ; closed during Pentecost). The road,
flanked by numerous fruit-trees, traverses a manufacturing district,
and leads to Pfullingen (Hirsch), with two paper-mills, ünterhausen
(Adler), Oberhauaen (Ejrone), and (6M.) Honau (Rossle ; two-horse
carr. from rail. stat. Reutlingen to Honau 10 m. and gratuity). To
reach the castle we now retrace our steps for about 60 yds., then
diverge to the left, passing between houses and ascending over a
meadow ; after 5 min. we enter a beech-wood and then follow a
steep but well-kept zigzag path to (Y2 ^^') ^^^ castle. Or we may
drive as far as Oberhausen only, and then ascend to the right by a
good carriage-road on the wooded W. slope. After ^2^1. the road
is quitted at a cutting in the rock, a few steps are ascended to the
left, and after 8 min. in a straight direction the forester's house si

reached (refreshments), adjoining the entrance to the castle.

The castle is approached by a drawbridge, by which a cleft in the
rock is crossed. The interior is tastefully fitted up in the medieeval style,
and adorned with a number of fine old German pictures of the Swabian
school by Wohlgemuth, Holbein. Schön, Ac. There are also numerpas
antiquities, weapons, and suits ox armour, but the principal attraction is
the "^View obtained from the lofty tower (129 ft.). In fine weather, to the
S. beyond the plateau of the Alb, the Swiss and Tyrolese Alps are visible, the
Glämiseh, Churflrsten, Sentis, Vorarlberg Mts., and Zugspitze; to the 1^., far
below, the picturesque green Honauer Thai, through which the Echaz and
the Albstrasse wind; beyond it the Achalm and ^e extensive plain. Even
the Eönigsstuhl at Heidelberg is said to be visible. On a projecting rock
outside the chateau the count has erected a monument to the novelist Hauff
(d. 1827), by whose pen the old castle of Lichtenstein has been immortalised.

The Nebelhöhle, a stalactite grotto, 200 yds. long and 75 ft. high, 3 M.
to the W. of Liehtenstein, is frequently visited, but the brilliancy of the
stalactites has been sullied by the smoke of the torches. Adm. 36 pf.
each person, guide 1 m., each torch 45 pf., Bengal fire 50 pf.; key and
guides at the Krone at Oberhausen. A national festival is held here on
Whitmonday. The cave lies barely 3 M. from Oberhausen, and about as
far from Liehtenstein. The path to' the latter runs as follows: on the

HECHINGEN. 12, RouU, 41

plateau, Vi H. from tlie cave, turn to the left, due S.$ to the left again
at the croas-roads V« ^* farther on; then beyond a (}/* ^■) field, skirt the
wood to the right. Then in Vi H. more we turn to the left, and cross the
moor to a group of trees where the tower comes into view. From Lichten-
»tein to Honau is about 1 H.

The Olgahöhle at Honau is smaller than tiie Nebelhöhle, but the sta-
lactites are less sullied, and the cave itself is more easily accessible. It
is seen to great advantage by electric light (40 pf. eadi person).

The Garlthöhle, near Erpßngeriy 2 hrs. walk from PfuUingen (see above),
is another more interesting grotto , the stalactites being still uninjured. A
carriage road leads through the Honauer Thalf ascends the ffonauer Steige^
and passes Engstingen ; carriages can drive almost to the grotto. The prin-
cipal curiosity here is the resemblance of the stalactite formations to (rothic
architecture, human figures, etc. Xear the entrance are two boxes filled
with human and bears^ bones. — In returning, the route by Lichtenstein
to Pfullingen (6 M.) should be selected.

In the evening by railway (p. 31) from Reutlingen to Tübingen
in 1/2 iir.

FiPTH Day. From Tübingen (p. 32) to the Hohenzollcm and
to Sigmaringen, see R. 12.

12. From Tübingen to Hechingen and Sigmaxingen.

54 M, Railway in SVi hrs. — Comp. Map, j>. 36,

Tübingen, see p. 31. The Hohenzollem Bailway diverges to
the left at the station , and sweeps in a wide curve through the
Steinlachtkal , which is dotted with numerous well-built villages,
and Bup{K)rt8 a sturdy and robust race of peasants (picturesque
costume). To the left are the small Bläsibad and the round Blasi-
berg, with an old chapel of St. Blasius. The Steinlach is crossed
near (5 M.) Dusslingen, The picturesquely -formed hills of the
Swabian Alb on the left are now more closely approached; the
most prominent summits are the Rossberg, the broad -backed
Farrenberg , and the precipitous Dreifürstenstein ; In the back-
ground the Salmandinger Chapel is visible. Near (10 M.) Mossingen
the Steinlach is again crossed. On a hill to the left stands the
ancient Belsener Chapel ; to the right are the sulphur-baths of 8e-
bastiansweiler. Beyond (13 M.) BodeUhatMen , the highest point
of the railway, tiie train crosses the Prussian frontier (in front
rises the Hohenzollem), and descends to —

I5Y2 M, Hechingen (*Linde, omnibus at the station, two-horse
carr. to Hohenzollem Castle 6 m. and gratuity; Bad; Löwe;
beer at the Museum), which was formerly the residence of the
Princes of Hohenzollern-Hechingen, but became Prussian in 1850,
when the principality of Hohenzollem was mediatised. It is an
old town with 3500 inhabitants (500 Jews), situated on the lofty
slope of the valley of the Siarzel. The Pariah Church , erected in
1783, contains a relief by Peter Yischer, representing a Count of Zol-
lern and his wife. The Protestant Church on the S. side of the
town is a small, but elegant modern structure in the pointed style.

42 Soate IS. HOHENZOLLEBN. From TüHnftn

On the rosd, 5 mln. hrthet, ia the YiUa Eugenia, with gardens,
the property of the prince.

The train ccoNei the Stuzel, paiMi through Beiertl cuttingi,
and teiches (;19M.) ZoHwn{*Brielhof, one-horse «an. to theciMls
5, tvo-horse 7 m.), the atation of which 1« hnilt In the wme
Etyle aa the castle. A good road leada hence to the(2i/3U.)caatIa
of ^ahniaoUeni (2840 ft.), which ii grandly aitaated on an lao-
lated wooded eminence of the Swablan Alb. Thia magnlQcent
pile wa« erected by Frederick William IT. in 1850-55 ae a royal
chateau, and finally completed in 1867. The hold and akUfnl
ia >l admirable ai

9 waa deslroyed in U23 and
rcjiuir^a la 14h, mi» ai um De^aaing «i the prtBent century little of
tt remained Meapt tbe ebapel. An inicription orer the 'Adlertbor- alludea
to the hiitorj of tbe ediflu ; abore It is tbe Pmatiaii eaglet below, an

ntlDg the Elector Frederick T.
iinated 76 ft. higher. The

. lone. The

n of tbe cullo, by walia iThSfi ft. in height, in the foim of a hspUgon,
. proTided with hutioni and comer turrets. Withio Aii enclosure aUoda

modern esslle, ■ winged edlBce «itb Htb towers, two of wblcb rise
I height of 130 n. above (he eTlemsl wails. The two lowest of the
I atories of the building >ra nnlted aid designed for purpoa» of da-
ce. The toweii are adorned with the anna of the Zoliem Tamil;. On

tower of Bt. Hichaei, abote the balcony at the apartments of the Em-

icb has been atriclly adhered to, notwitbilaoding tbe serious dlfacultie«
ountered in constructing the approach to the culle snd providing it
h fortiacaHoDS. The garrlaOD conelsta of a esnpany of InftBtr;.

to Sigmaringen. EBINGEN. 12, Route. 43

To the left in tbe upper Burghof is the Burggarien^ adorned with a
bronze statue of Fred. William IV. beneath a Gothic canopy. Opposite,
to the right, is the WehrJuius^ or barrack, containing a restaurant. A^oining
it is the Protestant Chapel^ in the Gothic style. To the left (S.) rises
the Miehaeltthurm with the relief- portraits and armorial bearings of the
different lords of the castle. Adjacent to it, towards the £., in the di-
rection of the garden, is the Roman Catholic Chapel of St. Michael (see
below). In the' centre of the quadrangle rises the handsome Königslinde.

A lofty flight of steps by the Wehrhaus, adorned with a statue of the
Count ZoUem who rebuilt the castle in 1454, leads to the apartments of
the interior. The Stammbaum- Halle , or genealogical hall , containing ge-
nealogical trees, coats of arms, etc., is first entered. Beyond it iff the
sumptuous *0rerfensaal^ in the Gothic style, borne by eight columns of red
marble, and overladen with gilding and painting. On the right of this sa-
loon is the Kaiserhalle^ borne by a central pillar, embellished with eight
painted statues of German emperors by the windows \ opposite them , on
the W. side of the hall, is the Bischttfihalley with two statues and 28 me-
dallion portraits of prelates of the house of ZoUem. Adjoining the Grafen-
saal on the W. is the Library, a low apartment with carved bookcases
and ^Frescoes by Peters illustrative of the history of the castle. From the
library the visitor proceeda to the right to the Markgraf enthurm. which
contains the sitting-room and bedroom of the emperor. The Boman Catholic
Church of St. Michael is the only part of the earlier structure now extant.
It contains some interesting stained glass from the monastery of Stetten.

Another attraction is the very extensive view from the Wartthurm,
or Treppenthurm^ on the W. side of the court, to which a winding stair-
case ascends. It embraces the green hills of Swabia; W. the towns of
Balingen and Rottweil, beyond them the Black Forest, with the Feldberg,
its most conspicuous mountain; S.W. the Jura; S. and E., in the im-
mediate vicinity, the wooded slopes of the Alb. — The castellan's house
is on the right side of the tower (fee 1 m.).

A little farther to the B. risea the ZellerhOmUy a spur of the Alb

glateau, 210 ft. higher than the Hohenzollern. An attractive path leads
) the E. along the Trauft &s ^^ summit of the wooded mountains is
termed, in 2V2 hrs. to Startein C*Höfle) , on the high-road to Oamerttnge»
and (22 H.) Sigmaringon.

Beyond this point the Zollem long remains in sight. Stations
Bisingen and Engstlatt. Then (26 M.) Balingen (Schwan), a man-
ufacturing town on the Eyachy with frequented sulphur-haths.

The line now turns to the S.E. and enters the highest part of
the Swabian Alb district. To the right rise the Sehafberg, the
Oberhohenberg, and the hold and lofty Locherutein, in pTim»Tal
times a pagan sacrificial station. At (29 M.) Frommem hegins the
mountainous part of the railway, the gradients varying from 1 : 60
to 1 : 45. To the right of (31 M.) Laufen an der Eyach are the
Qrai and Qrablentherg, to the left the rock of Schalksburg. The
train now passes through a cutting in the rock, with the Thierberg
on the right and the Heersberg on the left. Beyond (33*/2 M.) LauU
lingen the line enters a new amphitheatre of mountains , and soon
reaches its culminating point (2420 ft.), which is also the watershed
between the Rhine and the Danube . It then descends gradually to —

37 M. Ehingen (2360 ft. ; Post; Bär)y an ancient town, pictur-
esquely surrounded by hills, with manufactories of velvet , spin-
ning factories, and an extensive trade in herbs. The tower on the
SeUossfetsen (32Ö0 ft. ; reached by a good path in 8/4 hr.) com-
mands a magnificent survey of the Alps from the Zugspitze to the

44 BouU12. SIGMARINGEN.

Bernese Oberland, The train descends the narrow, winding valley
of the Schmeitj and crosses the Prussian frontier beyond (41 M.)
Sirastbtrg,^ on a bold rock to the left of which is perched the cha-
teau of that name. Below Strassberg the valley is wild and imprac-
ticable, and presented great difficulties to the constructors of the
railway, no fewer than 19 bridges over the Schmeie, besides count-
less cuttings through the projecting cliffs, having been necessary.
At (43 M.) Kaiseringtn is a paper-mill. 45 M. Storzingen. Several
narrow openings, to which fantastic names have been given (the
*Drei Burgen', 'Hexen -Küche', ^Bettel-Küche'), are now threaded.
Beyond (48V2 M.) Ohtrachmtien the line is carried through another
defile and two tunnels, and enters the valley of the Danube,
Sigmaringen now comes into view, and the train runs in a narrow
cutting through the rocks in the direction of the rocky Idühlberg,
It then crosses the blue Danube and reaches —

54m. Bigmaringen(1860ft.; ^DeutschesHaus; Schach; Traube) y
a small, but Important - looking place with 3800 inhab., the resi-
dence of Prince Leopold of Hohenzollem, and seat of the Prussian
administrative authorities. It contains a number of handsome
buildings, and has been greatly improved by the laying out of new
streets and promenades.

The handsome SchloaSy on a rock rising abruptly from the Danube,

contains an admirable *Mu8eum , chiefly formed by Prince Charles

Anthony, and surpassing most collections of the kind both in extent

and choiceness. The modern KunathalUy in which the collections

are exhibited, consists of a fine Gothic hall, with frescoes by Müller

of Düsseldorf, and two cabinets. Excellent catalogues by Hr.

Lehner. The Museum is open daily (certain festivals excepted)

from 10 to 12 and 2 to 4 ; admission 40 pf.

The CoLLRCTioN OF PICTURES (210 works) chiefly illustrates the early
German school, the Swabian masters being particularly well represented.
Nos. 81-86. Wings of a lai^e altar-piece : Annunciation, Nativity, Girciua-
cision of Christ , Adoration of the Magi, and the Procession to Calvary,
by J/". Schaffner; 132-139. Scenes from the life of the Virgin, by Barth.
ZeiibUnn; 168-164. Seven scenes from the history of the Virgin, by Hant
SehUlein (three masters of Ulm, who flourished in the 16th century).
The Lower Rhenish School, especially that of Cologne, is also numerously
represented (192, 46). The best of the early-Flemish works are : 2 and 4.
Annunciation, by Gerard David; 29. Virgin Mary, with a background of
tapestry, and 38. Virgin Mary, in a landscape, by Moger van der Wenden 0}*
— The other sections of the museum contain specimens of mediaeval and
Benaissance carved work (statuettes, reliefs, furniture), works in metal,
jewelry, textile works, glasses, enamels, and a rich collection of Italian
majolica, French porcelain, and Dutch, Rhenish, and Swissppttery. —
In the upper rooms is an extensive Palaeontologieal Colleetion (2000 objects).

The Library^ with its valuable books, incunabula, and MSS.,
the Armoury^ and the other richly furnished rooms of the palace
also deserve inspection.

In the Earl-Platz, in front of the old House of the Estates, is
a colossal bronze bust of Prince Charles (d. 1853), erected in 1869.

SIGMARINGEN. 22. Route. 45

On the Brenzko/er Berg (Vs hr.)) on tbe opposite (N.) bank of the
Danube, is the War Monument^ in memory of the natives of Sigmaringen who
fell in the campaigns of 1866 and 1870-71. It represents Germania holding
an oak-wreath and standing on a lofty pedestal. The platform commands
a charming view of the town and environs. At the foot of the hill,
i/i M. to the W., is the Zollerho/^ a favourite restaurant, with a garden;
and near it stands the pretty Villa Teu/el in the midst of finely laid out
grounds (open to the public). — The MUhlberg (easy path to the summit)
is another fine point of view.

Excursion by Laiz (Adler) to the (2 M.) *Fark of Insigkofan. The
precipitous and wooded S. bank of the Danube is ascended by steps, and laid
out in delightful grounds. The current of the river is here so imperceptible,
that it resembles a lake.' The village of Inzigkofen contain« two inns.

The "^VaUey of the Danube above this point is rocky and picturesque
(one-horse carr. to Beuron 8, two-horse 12-14, to Tuttlingen 12 or 20 m. ;
walkers require about 6 hrs. to Beuron, thence to Mühlheim 2, and to
Tuttlingen, 2 more). The road on the left bank follows the windings of
the river, and leads through eight tunnels. The (4V2 M.) junction of the
Sehmeie (above, on the right, the ruin of Alt-Outen$tein), to which point the
railway from Sigmaringen to Hechingen follows the road, marks the be-
ginning of the more romantic scenery. The road passes (Vz H.) the
beautiful ruin of Dietfurt, on the opposite bank, and the picturesque vil»
lage and chateau of Otitenstein^ also on the right bank. 3 M. Thiergarten
(*Inn), with disused iron -works; */a U. ruin of FalkeruUin; 2V4 M. iV«t-
dingen; 2V4 M. Hausen ^ with a lofty ruin near it, where a stone bridge
crosses the Danube. The road, however, on the left bank is still followed \
IV2 M. Langenhrttnneny above it the old chateau of Wernwagj the property
of Prince Fiirstenberg , commanding a magnificent prospect (fine echo;
*Inn at the top). On the opposite bank, farther on, is seen the handsome
castle of Wildenstein^ now used as a forester'^s house, entered by a draw>
bridge crossing a deep moat. On the road, 3 U. farther on, stands the
handsome Chapel of St. Maurus^ erected in 1868-71; and close beside it
the dairy-farm of 8(. Maurut im FelSy whence a footpath (3 H. shorter
than the road) leads in 1/2 ^' to the Monastery of Beuron (*Qa»thof twa
Pelikan) , on the right bank of the Danube , suppressed in 1876, but re-
opened in 1887. The handsome church contains fine ceiling-paintings by
Wegscheider. A foot-path to the left in the neighbouring wood leads to
the (20 min.) PetersMhley a spacious grotto entered by wooden steps. —
From Beuron the road leads along the ridge to (IV2 H.) Friedingen^ Mahl'
heim (diligence to Tuttlingen), and (IOV2 M.) Tuttlingen (rail, stat., see
p. 35). — The following is a good pedestrian route to Mühlheim : ascend
the right bank of the Danube by Beuron to Oh br.) Sehlou Bronnen (key
at the forester''fl), with a drawbridge over a moat 75 ft. deep; fine view.
Thence past (20 min.) the ruined Kellenberg in the valley, leaving Friedingen
on the right at the point where the river makes a wide bend, and in 20 min.
more (ascend to the left) to the Bergeteige -Inn beside the HeilandtkapelU^
whence we descend, at first through wood, to {^/\ hr.) Mühlheimt From
Mühlheim to (4Vs M.) Tvitlingen^ see above.

From Sigmaringen to Ulm and Radolfzell, see R. IS.

13. From XTliii to Eadolfzell and Constance.

Bailwat from Ulm to (86 M.) Radölfzell in 6V4-7Vs hrs. ; from Badolf-
sell to (12V2 M.) Constance in V2-V4 br-

Ulm, see p. 27. The line diverges to the left from the Stutt-
gart railway (R. 12) before quitting the fortifications, leads to the
W. for a short distance across a barren upland plain, and at (1 1/4 M.)
SbfUngen enters the smiling valley of the BUlu, On the left , near
(4 M.) Herrlingen, lies Klingenatein, with a chUeau of Hr. von
Andlaw. The weather-beaten rock protrudes at various points in

46 Route 13. EHINOBN. From Ulm

fantastic forms from the wooded sides of the yalley. On the right
rises the ruined castle of Oerhauien, opposite which stands the
castle of Ruck, The train crosses the Blau and arrives at —

10 M. Blaubeuren (*Po8t; Oehs), an ancient town with 2600 in-
hah. , lying picturesquely in a basin to the right. The ^Blautopf,
a clear, light-blue pool, 65 ft. in depth , just above the town , is
the source of the Blau. The late-Gothic church of the old Bene-
dictine Abbey J now a theological seminary, contains some choir-
stalls (much injured), carved by Jörg Syrlin the Younger (1493)
and an elaborately carved high-altar, embellished with statues by
the same artist and paintings (history of John the Baptist) of the

Swabian school.

At Blaubeuren is situated one of the chief pumping -statiouB of the
works, carried out under the direction of Hr. von Ehman since 1870, with
which the Bauhe Alh is supplied with fresh water, so that on that for-
merly barren plateau agriculture and cattle^rearing are now flourishing in-
dustries. These immense works extend oyer an area of 700 sq. M., and
supply water to 103 communities j the water is pumped up through cast-
iron pipes from springs lying nearly 1000 ft. below the level of the plateau,
while the sole motive power is afforded by a few small tributary-brooks
of the Neckar and the Danube. There is another pumping-station at Geis-
lingen (p. 27), which may be conveniently visited by tourists.

The line leads through the valley of the Ach to (14 M.) Sehelk"
lingenj with a ruined castle, beyond which it enters the Schmiechen-
thal, 17 M. Allmendingen; 20^2 M. Ehingen (Würtemberger Hof,
at the station; Kreuz; Kronprinz; Traube), an old town with
4100inhab., near the confluence of the Schmiechen and the Dan-
ube, The Church of 8t. Blasius , in a debased Renaissance style,
has an old Gothic tower.

The line now traverses the wide valley of the tortuous Danube.
23 M. Dettingen; 25^2^* Rottenacker; 28 M. Munderkingen , a
small and ancient town encircled by the river. 30 M. Untermarch"
thai. On the other side of the river are the imposing buildings of the
old monastery of Obermarchthalj the property of the Prince of Thum
and Taxis. 32 M. Rechtensteinj with the ruins of the castle of the
Steins of Rechtenstein, is the prettiest point on the railway. The
train now passes to the right bank of the Danube , which it again
crosses both before and beyond stat. Zwiefaltendorf. 38^2 M.
TJnlingen ; to the left rises the Bussen (see below). 40 M. Ried-
lingen (Post) , an ancient place on the left bank of the Danube,
3/4 M. from the railway.

A pleasant excursion (2 hrs.; carriage-road) may be made hence to
the top of the ^Bussen C2tö4 ft.), an isolated hill rising out of the upper
Swabian plain, and commanding a view of the whole of Upper Swabia, and
of the Alps. On the hill is a pilgrimage-church, at its base the Federsee.

44 M. Ertingen, with a castle of the Prince of Thum and Taxis.

47 M. Herbertingen f junction of the branch-line to Aulendorf
(p. 29). 51 M. Mengen (Siegerist ; Railway Restaurant) , a small
town on the Ablach. The railway forks here, the branch on the
right leading to Sigmaringen, that on the left to Radolfzell.

to Constance. CONSTANCE. 13. Route. 47

From Mbngek to Sigmabivoen, 6 H., railway in 24 min. Near stat.
Seheer tbe train passes through a short tunnel, and crosses to the left bank
of the Danube. Stat. Sigmaringendorf. The train then recrosses the river
and reaches (7 M.) Sigmaringen (see p. 44).

The line to Badolfzell follows the Ablaehthal, 54 M. Zielfingen.
56^2 M* Krauchenwiea (*Goldner Adler) , the old castle of which
serres as a summer-residence of the Prince of HohenzoUem ; in
the Andelsbach, which flows through the park, are some interesting
erratic bonlders. (Branch-line from Krauchenwies to Sigmaringen
Tiä Josefslust, 5^2 ^-t in ^ min.)

59 M. Ooggingen; 61 M. Menningen, — 63 M. Messkirch (Adler;
Sonne), a well-huilt little town, with a chateau of Prince Fürsten-
berg. A monument has been erected to Conradin Kreutzer , the
composer, who was bom here in 1782. The old church contains
an altar-piece by H. Schaufelein, and some monuments of the
16th century. Traces of a Roman settlement have been found In

the old town. — 66Y2 M. Sauldorf; 69 M. Sehwakenreute»

Fbox ScHvrAKJBNSBDTB TO AüLSNDOSF , 30 H., railway In 2-3 hrs. —
71/s H. Aach-Lim; 10 H. /y«IIefidor/ (Schwan ; Restaurant in the Bother
Ochs), a very ancient town, with an open-work Gothic tower (very inter-
esting excursion to Heiligenberg, see p. 50; SV« hrs. ; diligence iVz m.,
carriage 12 m.). Then stations Burgieeiler, Ottrcuih, ffosskireh - KOnigseck
(IVs M. to the S.E. of which is the partly preserved castle of Königseck),
and (25'/« H.) AUhatuen, the junction of the Herbertingen and Aulendorf
line (p. 29).

At (71 M.) Muklingen the line enters the wooded rayine of the
Stoekaeh. 73 M. Ziserihausen ; 76 M. Stoekach, (Krone ; Post) , a
picturesque little town, near which the French under Jourdan were
defeated by Archduke Charles in 1799. The train then passes
through smiling green yalleys, and leads by Nenzingen, Wahlwies,
and Stahringen to (86 M.) Badol&ell (*8ehiff; Krone), an old town
on the TJnterSee, with a Gothic church of 1436. where the line
unites with the Bale and Constance railway.

The railway from Badolfzell to Constance intersects the neck of
land between the Unter-See and the XJeberlinger-See (p. 49), and
passes stations Markelfingen, Allensbaeh, and Reiekenau. On the
island of ReicherMu in the Unter-See (risible from the train) are
the buildings of a Benedictine abbey, which was suppressed in
1799. The island is joined with the mainland on the E. by a mole.
The train crosses the Rhine by an iron bridge, adorned with statues.

12^2^* Constance. — Hotels. «Gomstanzxb Hop (Pl.b), an extensive
bnilding with a large garden, on the X. bank of the lake, above the Rhine
bridge ; *Ikbbl-Hötbl (PI. a), in the old Dominican monastery, with garden
B. A L. 3-4, A. 70 pf., B. 1 m. 20 pf. ; both of these have a view of the
lake; *Halm (PI. c), opposite the station, B. 1 m. 70 pf.); *Hecht (PI. d);
*Badi80hbb Hof (PI. f); *Kbonb (Pi. g), Ankbb, Schiff, *Falkb, second-
class, moderate charges. — C(nf4 Sehnetter, in the market-place; Cci/e
Maximiliim, Bahnhof-Str. — Swimming Baths in the lake, well arranged. —
At Kreuzungen (p. 49), */« H. firom Constance, ^HÖtbl-Pbnsion Hblvetia,
4-6 fr. per day; Lowb.

Constance (1335 ft.), a free town until 1548, but after the Refor-
mation subject to Austria, has now only 14,600 inhab. (1400 Prot.),

48 Route 13. CONSTANCE. From Ulm

though it once numbered 40,000. It is situated at the N.W. ex-
tremity of the lake, at the point where the Rhine emerges from it.
The episcopal see, over which 87 bishops in succession held juris-
diction, was suppressed in 1802. Three years later, at the treaty
of Pressburg, Constance was adjudged to Baden.

The ♦Cathedral (PI. 4; B,3), founded in 1052, was rebuilt in
its present form at the beginning of the 16th century. Gothic tower
erected 1850-57 ; the perforated spire is of light grey sandstone ;

on either side is a platform commanding a charming view.

On the Dcors of the principal portal are *Bas-ReUe/Sf in 20 compart-
ments, representing scenes from the life of Christ, carved in oak by Sim.
Haider in 1470. The * Choir Stalls with grotesque sculptures , are of the
same date. The organ-loft, richly ornamented in the Benaissance style,
dates from 1680. In the nave (Romanesque), the arches of which are sup-
ported by 16 monolithic pillars (90 ft. high, 3V2 ft. thick), sixteen paces
from the principal entrance, is a large stone slab, a white spot on which
always remains dry, even when the remaining portion is damp. Huss is
said to have stood on this spot when the Council of 6th July, 1415, sentenced
him to be burnt at the stake. In the N. chapel, adjoining the choir, is
a Deatfi of the Virgin^ coloured stone figures ]ife-size, 1460. Adjacent is an
elegant spiral staircase. — The Treasury (custodian Vz-l iii.) contains a mis-
sal embellished with miniatures, 1426. On the £. side is a crypt, contain-
ing the Chcmel of the Holy Sepulchre^ with a representation of the sepulchre
in stone, 20 ft. high, dating from the 13th century. On the exterior of the N.
side, two aisles of the "* Cloisters still exist, from which an idea of the
richness of the architecture may be formed.

The Wessenbebo-Haus (PI. 15) contains books , pictures, and
engravings, bequeathed to the town by the proprietor J. H. v.
Wessenberg (d. 1860), who for many years acted as the chief super-
intendent of the diocese. The engravings may be inspected daily
(9-12 and 2-5) , the books on Mon. and Sat. from 2 to 4 and on
Sun. from 11 to 12. A number of pictures, bequeathed by the ar-
tist, Marie fillenrieder (d, 1863), are also exhibited here.

The Chuech op St. Stephen (PI. 6; B, 4), a late-Gothic building
of the 15th cent., near the cathedral, with slender tower, contains
some interesting wood-carving and sculptures, but the exterior has
been disfigured by modern restoration.

The Wessenberg-Strasse leads hence to the S. to the Ohere Markt,
at the comer of which stands the house ^Zum Hohen Hafen' (PI. 2),
where Frederick VI., Burgrave of Nuremberg, was created Elector
of Brandenburg by Emp. Sigismund, 18th April, 1417. Adjacent to
it is an ancient building with arcades (now the Cafe Barharo98a\
styled by an inscription ^Curia Paci8\ in which Emp. Frederick I.
concluded peace with the Lombard towns in 1183 — A little to the
W. is the new Protestant Church (PI. 5 ; A, 4).

The Stadt-Kanzlei, or Town Hall (PL 12), erected in the Be-
naissance style in 1593, has been recently decorated on the exterior
with frescoes illustrative of the history of Constance. The apart-
. ments of the ground-floor contain the valuable Municipal Archives,
comprising 2800 documents, the most interesting of which date
from the period of the Reformation. Fine inner court. Part of

CONSTANCE. 13, SouU. 49

-the interesting collection of stained glass formed by M. Vincent is
now exhibited in tbe shop of Sartori, the bookseller, opposite the
town-hall. — In the Rosgarten (PI. 8), formerly the guild-house of
the butchers, is the *Rosgarten Museum^ a rich and well-arranged
collection of antiquities relating to Constance (from lake-dwellings,
etc.) and of objects of natural history (adm. 40 pf.). — In the
market-place is a War Monument (figure of Victory), by Bauer.

The Kaufhaus, or Merchants Hall (PI. 1), by the lake, erected
in 1388, contains the great Council Chamber, supported by massive
oaken pillars, where the conclave of cardinals met at the time of
the Great Council (1414-18). The hall was restored in 1866 and
decorated with frescoes illustrative of the history of the town, by
Pecht and Schwörer (adm. 20 pf.). The upper floor contains a
collection of Indian and Chinese curiosities (40 pf.).

The ancient Dominican Monastery , in which Huss was confined,
situated on an island in the lake, near the town, has been in part
converted into a hotel (Insel-H6tel, see p. 47). The well-preserved
Romanesque cloisters, and the adjoining refectory with its graceful
vaulting, repay inspection.

The house in which Huss was arrested , the second to the right
of the Schnetzthor, bears a memorial- tablet with his effigy, put up
in 1878. Adjoining it is an old relief, dated 1415, with satirical
verses. In the suburb of Brühl to the "W. of the town , 1/2 M.
beyond the Protestant Church (p. 48), is the spot where Huss and
Jerome of Prague suffered martyrdom, indicated by a huge mass
of rock with inscriptions.

The new grounds of the Stadtgarten on the lake , between the
harbour and the Dominican island , afford a pleasant walk and a
charming view of the lake and mountains. A bust of the Emp.
William has been placed here.

The abbey ot Kreuzlingen, on Swiss territory, 3/4 M. beyond the
S. gate , is now a school. The church contains a curious piece of

wood-carving, with about 1000 small figures, executed last century.

A fine view of the lake and of the Vorarlberg and Appenzell Alps is
obtained from the *Anmannshöhe (>/4 hr.) , with belvedere, sitnated 5 min.
above the village of Allmcmnsdorf, on the road to the Hainan. — Among
other pleasant objects for a walk may be mentioned the Lor etto- Kapelle
(Vs hr.); the Jacob ^ a restaurant with a fine view 0/2 hr.)i and the
Kleine RigU above Kreuzlingen (}/\ hr.).

In the N.W. arm of the Lake of Constance (Ueberllnger See), SVz M.
from Constance, is situated the beautiful island of *" Hainan, formerly the
seat of a lodge of the Teutonic Order, as a cross on the S. side of the
castle indicates. It is 41/2 H. in circumference, and is connected with the
mainland by a bridge 660 paces in length. Since 1853 it has been the pro-
perty of the (}rand Duke of Baden, and is now entirely covered with plea-
sure grounds. Steamboat from Constance in 55 mln. ; rowing-boat (in
1 hr., a pleasant trip) 5 m. and gratuity; carriage and pair 8 m. : pedes-
trians take a shorter route, leading partly through pleasant woods.

On the N. bank of the lake, opposite Mainau (steamboat in 40 min.),
lies Keersbnrg (1468 ft.; *Seehof, near the quay, well-arranged lake-baths
in the neighbourhood ; Schiff; Wilder Mann , both on the lake; Löwe), a
pleasant little town, offering good and inexpensive summer-quarters. It is

Baedek£s''s S. Germany. 6th Edit. 4

50 Route 13. HEILIGENBEBG.

commanded by an ancient castle, long an episcopal residence and now con«
taining an extensive collection of mediseval antiquities (adm. on week-
days ^12 and 2-6, Sun. 2-6; tickets, 1 m., obtained from the castellan).
The church-yard contains the tomb of the celebrated Mttmer (d. 1815), the
discoverer of mesmerism. The wines of Meersburg are the best on the lake.

From Meersburg the steamer plies in s/4 hr. more to TJeberling^n
i*Bad-BOtely with shady garden, ^ens.^ 5 m. ; Krone ^ unpretending, mod-
erate; lAhoe)^ an ancient place, once a town of the Empire, containing
several mediaeval buildings. The *B(Uh?iau* is a richly-decorated Gothic
structure. The hall with its carved wood- work is an object of great in-
terest. The 39 statuettes on the walls, representing the various elements
of the German Empire (3 spiritual and 4 temporal Electors, 4 Margraves
of the Empire, Landgraves, Counts, Barons, Knights, Burghers, and Pea-
sants), date from the beginning of the 15th century. Opposite to them
are portraits of the Emperors, beginning with Budolf II. — The adjacent
Münster^ of the 14th cent., with double aisles, contains an altar with fine
wood-carving of the 17th century. The Stadi-Kanxlei or SToim» Hall^ in the
Minster-Flatz , has a fine doorway , of the end of the 16th century. The
SteinJuxv* Museum contains a Historical Collection and a Cabinet of Natural
History. Fine views of the lake from various points. The Appenzell Mts.
are visible hence; also, to the S.E. , the summits of the Bieticon Moun-
tains. About IV2 M. to the K. of Ueberlingen are the HeidenlöcheTy men-
tioned in Scheffers novel ^Ekkehard''; below is Bodmann, with a view-
tower.

A pleasant excursion may be taken from Ueberlingen or Meersburg to
Heiligenberg. A diligence plies twice daily in 3^/4 h^s. from Meersburg to
Heiligenberg, via Salem; carriage and pair, there and back 18m., from
Ueberlingen 12 m. It is best to proceed direct from Ueberlingen to Heil-
igenberg, visiting Ssdem on the return journey. Heiligenberg {^ Adler ^
'pens.' 5 m; Winter''* Brewery^ ^pens."" 4-4V2 m.), an insignificant place,
with the extensive chateau and park of Prince Fürstenberg, lies pictur-
esquely on a rocky terrace 1000 ft. above the Lake of Constance. The cha-
teau contains a magnificent Renaissance hall. Ill ft. long and 40 ft. broad,
with a beautifully-carved wooden *Ceiling (16th cent.), probably the finest
in Germany. Th^^Cfuipel (restored) is also noteworthy. The **rt€tff from
the chateau is strikingly beautiful: it embraces the Lake of Constance,
the Vorarlberg Mts. and the Swiss Alps, from the Hochvogel to the Jung-
frau; still better from the 'Sieben Linden'* (seven lime-trees), ^4 M. from
the village. — The same view is enjoyed from several parts of the flower-
garden, on the left of the road to the castle ; also from the *Freundsc?iafts-
HohUUt a number of grottoes, V« hr. to the 17. W. of the inn. — From
HeiUgenberg to P/ullendor/. see p. 47.

At the S.W. foot of the Heiligenberg, OVz M. from Ueberlingen, lies the
suppressed Cistercian convent of Salem, now partly occupied by the Mar-
grave William, with large halls (the finest of which is the 'Kaiser -Saal')
in the Rococo style, a collection of paintings, etc. The Gothic church of
the 14th cent, is lavishly adorned within with sculptures in marble (23
altars), dating from the late-Renaissance period; fine late-Gothic ciborium.

Railway from Constance to Schaffhausen and Bale, see Baedeker's
Rhine J or Baedeker's Switzerland.

BAVARIA.

14. From Frankfort to Nuremberg by Würzbnrg,

14& M . Railway in 6-11 hrs. — Trains for Hanau start from the W.
Station, on the left bank of the Main, as well as from the E., or Hanau
Station, generally corresponding with the others at Hanau.

Frankfort^ see Baedeker 8 Rhine. Soon after the E. Station is
quitted, Bomheim is passed on the left, while Offenbach (see be-
low) is seen on the opposite bank of the Main. 3 M. Mainkur;
6 M. Hochstadt-Domigheim ; 9 M. Wilhelrmbad^ with pleasant pro-
menades. On the Main, about 1/2 M. to the S., is Philippsruhe,
a chateau of Landgraye Ernest of Hesse. Near (10 M.) Hanau
the train crosses the Einzig.

Fkom Fbankfokt (W. Station) to Hanau, 13 M., railway in V«-*/* hr. The
train crosses the Main below Frankfort. — 2 M. Sachsenhausen, a suburb of
Frankfort ; 3 M. Oberrad. — 5 M. Offenbach (Stadt Kassel), a manufacturing
town with 81,735 inhabitants, which owes its prosperity to French refugees
who settled here at the end of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th
century. Offenbach fancy-goods rival those of Paris, Vienna, and Berlin,
and it also possesses important machine-factories, foundries, and manu-
factories. The town is commanded by the old castle of Isehburg, built in
1564-72. — 9 M. MUhlheim; to the left, on the Main, is the village o£ Rum-
penheim, with a chateau of the Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel. 127« M. Klein-
Steinheim. The train then crosses the Main, and enters the £. station of
Hanem.

Hanau (*AdUr, opposite the post -office; Riese j *Carlsberg) , a

pleasant town, in the fertile Wetterau, with 24,379 inhabitants,

has two railway-stations, East and West, IY4 M. apart. The more

modern part of the town owes its origin to Flemish and Walloon

Protestants, who were banished from the Netherlands on account

of their creed in 1597. The handicrafts practised by them, such as

the manufacture of silk and woollen goods , and of gold and silver

trinkets, still flourish. In the Parade-Platz is the house in which

the brothers Jacob (1785-1863) and William Grimm (1786-1859)

were born; it is distinguished by a marble tablet, and is now

used as a police-office.

From Hanau to Eberbach and Stuttgart, see B. 4 ; to Fulda and Bebra
(for Leipsic and Berlin), see Baedeker*» If. Oermany.

The district between Hanau and Aschaffenburg is uninterest-
ing. To the left rises the Hahnenkamm,. To the right Steinheim, a
small town on the Main with a conspicuous castle , is visible in
the distance. I2V2 M. Gross- Auheim ; 151/2 M. Kahl; IS'/a M.
Dettingen^ where the English, Hanoverian, Austrian, and Hessian
troops, commanded by George II. of England, defeated the French,
27th July, 1743. This was the first decisive success of Austria in
the War of Succession. From Dettingen a diligence plies twice

4*

52 Route 14. ASCHAFFENBURG. From Frankfort

daily in 1 In. to Alzenau , whence the Ludwigsthurm, on the top
of the Hahnenkamm, may be reached in 3/^ hr.; extensive view. —
22 M. KUin-Ostheim.

251/2 M. Aschaffenbtirg (*AdUr, R. IV2-2 m. B. 75 pf.; *f\ei'
hof; *Ooldnes Fass; Georgia Eisenbahn^Hdtel, both at the station;
Restaurant at the Riese; beer at the Adler and the Kalte Ijoch),
with 12,600 inhab. , was for centuries the summer- residence of
the Electors of Mayence , but since 1814 has belonged to Bavaria.
The Schloss, with its four lofty towers (191 ft.), erected 1605-14,
contains a library with valuable 'Incunabula*, and several books
of the Gospels with well - executed miniatures (the finest is by
Glockenton, an artist of Nuremberg, 1524); also a collection of
20,000 engravings and 382 pictures , several of them valuable ,
by Cranach, Grien, Grunewald, and a number of Dutch masters.

The ^Stiftskirche (PL 14), or abbey - church , a Romanesque
basilica , was founded in 980, but frequently altered and enlarged.
Cloisters of the 12th century.

The Intebior was skilfully restored in 1881-82. In the right aisle is
a ^'Monument in bronze, with a gilded sarcophagus said to contain the relics
of St. Margaret, and dating from 1540. In the choir is a monument of
Albert of Brandenburg, Elector of Mayence, cast in 1520 during his life-
time, by P. Vischer, and opposite to it a Madonna by Joh. Vischer. To
the right of the principal entrance is a lai^e monument in alabaster of
the last Elector, Frederick Charles Joseph (d. 1802). The church also
possesses three valuable paintings by M. Grunewald^ who lived for some
time at Aschaffenburg (Resurrection, Pietä, and St. Valentinian, belonging
to the altar-piece in the Pinakothek at Munich).

The secular buildings attached to the Stiftskirche now contain
the Municipal Collections , which are open to the public on Sun.
from 10 to 12 and to strangers at other times on application to Herr
Broili , the director. They consist of Roman antiquities found at
Aschaffenburg (votive tablets, altars, vases, bronzes) , prehistoric
relics of the stone age , minerals of the district of Aschaffenburg,
reminiscences of the electoral period, etc.

The Church of St, Agatha (PI. 10; B, 2), built in the Transi-
tion style in 1115 and recently judiciously restored, contains a
number of ancient tombstones.

If the traveller on leaving the station turn immediately to the
right, then outside the gate to the right again , and follow the di-
rection of the old fosse, he will reach the *Pompeianum (PI. A, 2),
a villa erected by King Lewis in 1824-49 in imitation of the 'House
of Castor and Pollux' at Pompeii, and adorned with mural paintings.
A mosaic on the wall of the summer dining-room was presented

by Pope Gregory XVI. View from the platform (fee).

About ^4 M. to the E. of the town is a beautiful wood called the
FasanetHe. — About 2 M. to the W., on the left bank of the Main, which is
here crossed by a bridge, constructed in 1430, is the Schöne Butch (eomp.
the Plan), a royal park with a chateau, orangery, and inn.

Fbom Asghaffbkbubq to Mayencb, 46V2 M., by the direct railway
in IV2-3V2 hrs. The direct through - trains from Mayence (and Cologne)
to Munich and Vienna travel over this line. — 9 M. BoSbenhauten is the

to Nuremberg, LOHR. 14, Route, 53

junction for Hanau and Eberbacb (p. 19). Darmstadt^ the principal station,
and Mapenee, see Baedeker's BMne.

Fkom Aschaffenbubo to Amokbach, 28 M., railway in I'/i-S hrs.
Soon after quitting the station the line sweeps round towards the S.,
passing the Fasanerie (p. 52) on the left. It then traverses the fertile
district on the right bank of the Main, where vines and fruit-trees
are extensively cultivated. — 4M. Obemau; öys M. Sultbachy about SVsM.
to the £. of which, in the Sulzbachthal, lie the picturesque baths of
Sodenfhal, with saline springs containing bromine; 9 M. KleinwalUtadt ;
11 M. Stat. Obemburg (Kunig) opposite which, on the other side of the
river, is the little town of that name, with a busy timber - trade and
active vine-culture. At (15 M.) Worthy a small town with an old cha-
teau, the train crosses the Main. 16 M. Klingenberg (Ochs); the small
town, known for its excellent red wine uid fire-proof clay, lies on the
opposite bank. 18Vs M. Laudenbcuih, 20Va U. KMnheubaeh (Adler), with
a chateau and park belonging %o Prince Löwenstein- Wertheim-Eosenberg.
The chapel of the ch&teau is decorated with ^Frescoes by £. Steinle. On
the other side of the river lies €hros*1ieMÜ>ach^ a little to the S.E. of which
is the Franciscan monastery of JEngelebergy with a pilgrimage-church (view).

22VsM. mitenberg (Engel; Riese), a prosperous little town of 3700 in-
hab., in a charming situation, stretching for a considerable distance between
the river and the wooded height on its bank. Its quarries of variegated
sandstone were known in the time of the Bomans. The old chateau of
the Electors of Mayence, built in the 15th cent, and destroyed in 1ÖÖ2,
contains a good collection of antiquities and objects of art (admission
free). The Municipal Collection of Antiquities is exhibited in an old hospi-
tal. The town contains several interesting examples of timber-architec-
ture (e. g, the *Riese' Inn) and some gate-towers. In the adjacent woods
(IVs M. to the £. of Kleinheubach) are the so-called Hain- or Heunen- Säulen
^columns of the Huns'), fourteen gigantic columns of syenite, the remains
of a quarry of the Roman period , which appears to have been suddenly
abandoned. — The train then passes WeW>aeh and reaches (28 M.) Amor-
baeh (BadiseherBo/i Heehi), a small town with 2500 inhab. and the seat
of the Prince of Leiningen , whose handsome chateau of Wald-Leiningen
is in the vicinity.

Fbok Miltbvbsbo to Wsbthsim, 18 M. , diligence twice daily in
dVs hrs. The picturesque road, which is attractive also for pedestrians,
runs on the left bank of the Main through the fertile and well-woodea
valley of that river, vi& Burgstadt to 0 M.) Freudenberg (Rose), a pic-
turesque little place , with the ruins of a castle of the 12th cent, (not
unlike Heidelberg in some of its features), destroyed in the Thirty Tears'*
War. Farther on, to the left, are the extensive quarries of Reistenhau-
»en; then Feehtiätach witti the ruined Kollenberg, Dor/prozelten, and Stadt-
prozelten C^Post), with a casüe of the now extinct family of the Schenks of
Klingenberg, destroyed by the French in 1638. Thence by Mondfeld and
Orünenwör^ to Wertheim (see below).

The line next passes a monument to the Anstrians who fell in
1866 (on the right) , and ascends past (30 M.) Hösbach. Beyond
(32 M.J Laufach it passes through the long tunnel of (36^2^0 -^'^'V^^'
brücken (Fl eckenstein' s Inn, at the station). About 4 M. to the N. ,
heyond Jacobsthal, Is the Steigkoppe, commanding a fine view. The
line here attains the elevated tract of the Spesaart Mt$. (p. 54).
Numerous sequestered valleys are traversed, and cuttings in the red
sandstone passed through. Beyond (45 M.) Fartenstein (to the
Hermannakoppe ^ 2^2 hrs.) the line descends into the Lohithal,
and at (49 M.) Lohr (*Foati Roder), a small manufacturing place,
reaches the Main, which it follows till Wurzbuxg is reached.

Fkou Lohb to Wbrtheim, 23 M., railway in 2 hrs. The train ascends
the pleasant valley of the Main, following the right bank of the winding

54 Route u: WERTHEIM. From Frankfort

river. 4 M. Rodsnbaeh ; öVs M. Jfeustadt am liain, with a fine Benedictine
convent, reconstmcted in 1862 and now occupied by the district-authorities.
S'/s M. Rothen/eü (Anker, good wine), with large quarries and a eh&teaa
of Prince Löwenstein- Wertheim -Eosen berg. 11 X. Hßfehlohr; 12V« ^«
Marktheidenfeld (*Po8t), where a handsome bridge crosses the Main. Just
before reaching (16 H.) Trenn/eld we observe, on the right, the chateau
of *Trie/en9teiny once an Augustinian provostry and now the property of
Prince Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg ^ the chateau , which lies in a
beautiful park, is very handsomely fitted up (tapestry, collection of arms)
and commands a charming view. 21 H. Kreugwerüteitn. — 23 M. Wert-
heim (*Badischer Hof, in the town; ^Beld ^ on the Hain, with river»
baths, garden, and fine view ^ Löwe , Ochs , L5teen$teiner jGTo/, for single
travellers) , an old town with 4567 inhab. , the residence of Prince Lö-
wenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg, is prettily situated at the influx of
the Tauber into the Main, at the foot of a wooded hill, which is
crowned by the extensive and tolerably well preserved ruins of a castle
destroyed during the Thirty Tears' War. Numerous quaint- looking
houses of the 16th century. The situation of the town, with the imposing
red sandstone ruin above it, somewhat resembles that of Heidelberg. The
church contains a few fine monuments of the 15th and 16th centuries.
Pleasant excursions may be made from Wertheim up and down the Main
and into the valley of the Tauber.

The 8. part of the Speasart, tiie finest and moat extentive forest-
district in Germany, noted for its gigantic oaks and beeches, and teeimng
witii game, is washed on three sides by the Main, and on the K. is bound-
ed by the valleys of the Aschaff and the Lohr, through which the railway
f^m Aschaffenburg to Lohr runs. Almost in the centre of this district
rises the Geyersberg (1920 ft.) , from which long chains and ridges radiate
to the W., S., and £., along the continuous , wood-clad crests of which
the pedestrian may walk in the cool leafy shade for hours at a time (as
in the Vosges Mts.). Rohrbrunn (1520 ft.), eonsistine of a couple of forester^s
houses and a rustic *Inn , on the W. slope of t^e Geyersberg, 8V« lurs.
f^om Stadtprozelten (p. 63) and as far from Marktheidenfeld (see above),
forms convenient headquarters for exploring the Speasart. About 20 min.
to the S. is the Annahöhe ^ commanding a view of the spreading forest«
below, the chief pride of which is a venerable oak, supposed to be at
least 1000 years old (*/a M. from Bohrbrunn). To the E. a beautiful path
leads through the woods, passing the C/i M.) forester''s house of Jägerver-
ein, to (1 hr.) Lichtenau (*Inn), prettily situated in the wooded valley of
the Hdtfenlohr. Thence we may either descend the valley to (3Vs hrs.)
Hafenlohr (see above), or turn to the K. and proceed through fine woods
across the Sehwarte Rücken to Reehtenhaeh and (9*/4 hrs.) Lohr (p. 53). —
A road leads to the S.W. from Bohrbrunn past the forester^s house of
Diana and through the DamimJbaeMhal to (IVs lur.)irra«wc»ftacA (Inn), whence
we ascend to the left (guide advisable) to the (1/2 M.) GaUhöhe (1705 ft.),
on which a view-tower has recently been built. In descending we pass
the ruined Wildenstein, and reach (1^/4 hr.) Eechau (670 ft.; *Krone), whence
a carriage-road runs through the Elsawa Thai to (l^/g hr.) Obernburg (p. 53).
— About IV4 hr. to the N. of Bohrbrunn (guide advisable) is the char-
mingly situated Mespelbrunn, the ancestral castle of the founder of Würz-
burg university (p. 57; refreshments in the forester's house, to the left).
From this point a picturesque route (guide-posts) leads by Ifeudorf and the
Hohe Warte (a forester's house; 1210 ft) to (2 hrs.) Bad Sodenthal and
(IV4 hr.) Sulzbaeh (p. 68).

541/2 M. LangenpTOzelten, Near (58 M.) G'emunden (Rappen)

the line croBses the Frantonian 8aale , which here falls into the

Main. The little town lies picturesquely on the slopes of the

Spessart and Rhön Mts., commanded by the ruins of the «SeAoren»

herg, which was destroyed in 1243.

Fbom GimOnden to Elm, 287« M., railway in U/i-^/i hrs. The lines
runs through the pleasant Sinnthal. Stations Rineek , Burgsinn, Mittelsinn,

to Nuremberg, WÜRZBURG. 14. Route. 55

Jossa (to Brückenau, see p. 74), Sterbfrite^ Vollmer* (in the neighbour-
hood to the E. the ruins of Steckelberg , once the seat -of Ulrich von Hut-
ten); then Elmy a station on the Bebra -Hanau Railway (see Baedeker^ s
Northern Qermany).

"FiBiOVL Gehündsn to Hammelbubo, 17V2 H., railway in IVi br. The
line traverses the pretty Saalethal. Stations: Schönau^ with a convent on
the hill to the right; Wolftmünstery Oräfendorf, Michelaubräck, Morle*au^
and Diebach. Hammelburg (*Po$t; * Schwarzer Adler), an ancient town,
picturesquely situated on ti^e right bank of the Saale, presented by Char*
lemagne to tiie abbey of Fulda, was almost entirely burnt down in 1854.
The slopes beside ScMott Saaleck^ on the opposite bank, produce red
wine. — From Hammelburg to Kiitingen^ I2V2M., a diligence plies thrice
daily in 3 hrs., via FuchMtadt and Euerdorf, passing the well-preserved
ruin of Trimberg.

Fbom Gemunden to Schwbinfurt (Eissingen), 31 'y^M., railway Ciref*nfAa{
Bahn), in IV4 hr. — Beyond (2 M.) Wemfeld (see below) the line turns to the
left and enters the fertile and smiling Wernthal , through which it runs,
now on one side of the stream, now on the other. 4 M. Oöuenheim, 27% M.
to the IS. of which is the ruined castle of HomJburg ; 7 M. Eussenheim ;
11 M. ThUngen, with a chateau; 14 M. Müdesheim; 17 M. Arnitein, a small
town with an old chateau; 21 M. Mühl?iatuen. The line now quits the
Wernthal, passing Schlots Wemeck (p. 71) on the IT.E., and at (25 M.)
Weigolshatuen joins the railway from Würzburg to (SIV* M.) Obemdorf-
Schieeinfurt Xp. 71).

The vaUey of the Main expands. 591/2 M. Wemfeld. — 66 M.
Karletadt, once the foitifled frontier-town of the ancient episcopal
see of Würzburg, and still surrounded with walls and towers, is said
to have been founded by Charles Martel, and extended by Charle-
magne. Professor Bodenstein , the first of the Puritanical icono-
clasts, is mentioned in the history of the Reformation as ^Karlstadt",
from having been a native of this place. On the opposite hill the
ruined Karlsburg. Laudenbach on the left bank of the Main has a
chateau of Prince Wertheim, which was destroyed during the War
of the Peasants. — 71 M. B^zbaeh; 73 M. Thungersheim ; 77 M.
Veitshockkeim, with a royal chlLteau and park. Opposite the vdne-
prodncing Steinberg lies the old monastery of Oberzell, now a man-
ufactory.

81 M. WfirabVTff. — Hotels. «Bubsischsb Hof (PI. a; B,2), untere
Theater-Sir. , near the station, B. 2, B. 1, L. & A. 1 m. ; *Kbokfbihz von
Batesn (PI. b; C, 2), Residenz-Platz; «Schwan (PI. k; C, 4), Büttnersgasse,
with view of the river, R. d^A.21/2 m., well spoken of;*WüETTEMBEKGEKHop
(PI. c; B, 3), in the Markt, B. & A. 2 m., B. 80 pf., D. 2»/« m- — Frank-
isGHKB HoF (PI. e; B, 2), Spiegelgasse ; Adlbb (PI. f; B, 3), Marktgasse;
^'RÜGUEB (PI. d; C, 2), near thetheatre and the post-office; Wittbls-
BACHEB HoF (PI. i; G, 3); Landsbebg (PI. 1; B, 2), Semmels-Str.; Hotel
l^ATioNAL, opposite the station, with caf^- restaurant. — Pfeüffeb's Hotel
Gabni; Pens. Heffneb, Petersplatz 4.

Bestaurants. Haderlein, Dominikaner-Platz, with garden; Ooldene
Traube, Julius-Promenade; Bäuerlein, Alte Brücke; Brauser, opposite the
theatre; Heldrich, with winter-garden, Bronnbachergasse 39; * Bürger »pital
(PI. 3; B, 2), wineroom, Semmels-Str., at the corner of the Obere Theater-
Str. , closed at 5 p.m.; Wend , wine -room, preserved meats, etc., closed
at 8 p. m. — Bebb. Platz'^echer Oarten, to the right, outside the Renn-
weger Thor (PI. C, 1), concerts several times weekly; Letzter Hieb, a
garden -restaurant about s/« M. farther on, with fine view; Hütten^ »eher
Oarten, outside the Sander-Thor (PI. E, 3), etc. — Bchnitzar't Cafi (and
restaurant), Kirschnerhof.

Oaba. From the station to the town: with one horse, 1-2 pers. 60,

56 Boute 14. WÜBZBURG. From Frankfort

3-4 pers. 80 pf. : with two borses 70 or 90 pf. Drive in the town, 40 and
60, or 50 and 70 pf.

Biver Baths. Spengler^ Burkarder-Str.; Dr. Wirting^ Strohgasse;
* Tivoli^ in the Main Subnrb, with garden and restaurant.

Wurzburg (560 ft.), one of the most ancient and historically
important towns in Germany (55,100 inhab., 9000 Prot.), and of
very interesting exterior , was formerly the seat of a prince-bishop
and is now the capital of the district of Lower Fianconia. The
first bishop, Burcardus, was consecrated by St. Boniface in 741,
and from that date down to 1803, when Würzbnrg was incorporated
with Bavaria, an uninterrupted line of 82 bishops ruled the diocese.
The bishops soon attained to great wealth and power, and were
made dukes of Franconia in 1120. In the 17th and 18th cent, the
see of Bamberg was often subject to the bishop of Würzburg. From
1805 to 1813 Würzburg was the capital of a state of the Rhenish
Confederation. The fortifications were removed in 1869-74.

The extensive royal * Palace (PI. 23; C, IJ, formerly the
residence of the bishops, was erected in 1720-44 in the rococo
style from Ntumann's designs. It is 550 ft. long, 290 ft. deep, and
70 ft. high, and contains 7 courts, 283 rooms, a chapel, and a theatre.

The principal Staikcasb, in the central structure, to the left, is very
imposing; its lofty ceiling is adorned with a fresco by O. B. Ti^poio^ re-
presenting Olympus and the four quarters of the globe. The ceiling-
painting in the large Kaisebsaal, depicting the marriage of Emp. Fred-
erick I. and Beatrice of Burgundy, which took place at Würzburg in
11Ö6, is also by Ti^olo. — The Gbllabs, probably the most spacious in
Germany , contain 200 casks of excellent Franconian wine produced by
the royal vineyards. — The palace is open to the public daily, 8-5; visi-
tors ring in the back-eourt of the lefx wing. Acgacent is the office of
the cellarer.

The *Palaee Oarden^ laid out in 1729 and afterwaxds frequently
altered, is a favourite promenade.

In the wide Hofstrasse , which leads from the palace to the ca-
thedral , is the Maxsehule (PI. 6) , a Gothic building with wings,
containing the commercial and grammar schools and the collections
of the polytechnic and historical society (third floor).

The principal church is the Cathbdeal (PI. 10 ; C, 2, 3) , in
the Parade-Platz , an extensive cruciform basilica in the Roman-
esque style, consecrated in 1189, extended and embellished in
1240 (to which date the four towers belong).

The Intbbiob was marred by restoration during the 18th century. It
contains numerous monuments of bishops , the finest of which are those
of Bibra (d. 1519) and Scherenberg (d. 1495) , by the 6th and 7th pillars
on the right side of the nave , executed by Riemensehneider (p. 67). The
left aisle contains several fine brasses with low reliefs, among which that
of Peter von Aufsess (d. 1622) may be specified (at the 9th pillar). On
the left side of the nave is a font of 1279. The altar-pieces date from
the 17th and 18th centuries.

Adjoining the cathedral on the N. is the Court House, next to
which rises the Neumünster Church (PL 16; 0, 2), dating from the
11th century. The red rococo facade was constructed in 1711-19
by Pezani, the dome was added in 1731. The well-proportioned

to Nuremberg. WÜBZBURG. 14. BouU. 57

interior was decorated with stucco and gilding in the 18th century.
Beneath the choir is a crypt. — The Leichenhof (PI. 0, 3), a small
square between the Neumünsterkirohe and the cathedral, was the
old burial-ground of Würzburg. In it is a Mount af Olwea of the
18th century. On the exterior of the choir of the Neumünsterkirche
is a tablet erected in 1848 to the memory of Watther von der Vogel-
weide (d. 1230) , the greatest of the medisval German minstrels,
who was interred in the old cloister. Of the two inscriptions that
in German is by King Lewis I.

A sum of money was left by the minstrel for purchasing food for the
birds, and a vase was placed on the top of the original tomb for this
purpose. The new monument is similarly provided, but the bequest has
long since been diverted to the use of the canons themselves.

We now proceed to the Majlkt (PI. B, 0, 3), in which rises the
*Marienkapelle (PI. 12) , an elegant Gothic structure, with beauti-
tiful portal and slender tower, erected in 1377-1441 , and restored
in 1856. The reliefs on the three portals (Annunciation, Last
Judgment, Virgin enthroned) are coeval with the church. The sta-
tues adjacent to the S. portal and in the choir are by Riemen-
Schneider. The tasteful cap of the tower was added at the recent
restoration. Adjoining the church on the right is the house Zum
FaXken, handsomely decorated in the rococo style.

To the S.W. of the market-place lies the old i2athAau« (PI. C, 3),
the most venerable part of which, the so-called Graf eneckartsthurm,
dating from 1456, faces the Domstrasse. In the same street is the
Vierrohren-Brunnen , a fountain erected in 1733. The Domstrasse
leads to the Main bridge, see below.

The Stiflhaug Church (PI. 11 ; A, 2), near the station, with two
towers and a lofty dome, was built in 1670-91 by Petrini, in the
rococo style. The interior is overladen with gilding.

In the vicinity are the extensive buildings of the VuUus Hospital
(VI. 8 ; A, B, 3), an admirably organised hospital and school of med-
icine. The Anatomie, added in 1852, contains a number of medical
collections. The property of the hospital is computed at 9 million
marks (about 450,0002.); 600 persons , of whom 300 are patients,
are daily boarded and lodged here. The Statue (PI. 27 ; B, 3) of the
founder, Bishop Echter v. Mespelbrunn (d. 1617), in the Julius
Promenade , is by Schwanthaler. Behind the hospital lies the Bo-
taniecd Garden.

In 1582 the same bishop founded the üniybiisity (PI. 26; D,
2, 3), which is attended by 900 students, chiefly medical. It pos-
sesses zoological, mineralogical, geological, and physical collections,
and also a museum. The library contains 200,000 volumes The
University Church (Neubaukirche), built in 1582-91, exhibits a
curious mixture of the Gothic and Renaissance styles. -^ In the
▼icinity is the ProtesUnt church of St. Stephen (PI. 17; D, 2), the
interior of which is tastefully decorated in the rococo manner
(1782-89) ; it was originally the church of a Benedictine abbey.

58 Route 14. KITZINGEN. From Frankfort

The Bridge (PI. C , 4) over the Main , 650 ft. in length , con-
structed 1474-io07, is adorned with statues of saints. On the left
bank, above the bridge, rise the grey towers of 8t. Burkard (PI. 9 ;
D, 4), the only church of Würzburg which has retained its ancient
exterior intact , erected in 1033-42 in the Romanesque style and
restored in 1168. The late-Gothic choir dates from 1494-97. In the
interior, however, it has shared the same fate as the other churches.
The nave contains a late-Romanesque offertory-box in sandstone,
and the S. transept a carved altar of 1590.

The Burkardergasse leads through a vaulted passage below the
choir of St. Burkard to the Burkarder-Thor (PI. D, 2). The first
road which diverges from the Mergentheim road to the right beyond
the gate is the ^Leistenstrasse', in the vicinity of which a good
variety of wine named the Leistenwein is produced. The second
road diverging to the right from the high-road (at the garden-
restaurant of Leimsud) leads to a Station Path , which ascends in
10-12 min. to the Masiencapblcb (^KäppeU) on the Nicolaus^
berg, an octagonal pilgrimage-chapel, built in 1748-92 and con-
taining some good altarpieces. The terrace in front of the church
affords a *yiew of the town and fortress, now somewhat interrupted
by the trees.

On the hill opposite Würzburg, 426 ft. above the river, rises
the fortress of Mabibnbbbo , constructed about 1650 on the site
once occupied by a Roman fort and afterwards by an episcopal
castle, which was captured by Gustavns Adolphus in 1681. To
reach the fortress we cross the bridge, turn to the right, and then
ascend to the left by the ^Erste Schlossgasse' (12 min.). We apply
to the guard above the second covered gateway and are conducted

to several fine points of view (fee 50 pf.).

In 1525 the insurgent peasantry lost time and broke their strength in
a vain attempt to capture this castle , after which the episcopal troops
entered the town and executed 60 of the ringleaders. Near Würzburg the
Archduke Charles defeated the French General Jourdan in 1796. In 1866
the campaign of the Pmssian army of the Main terminated at Wtlrzburg
with the bombardment of the fortress (27th July). The armistice was con-
cluded on the following day.

Railway to Bamberg, see B. 17; to Munich, see R. 25; to Heidelberg,
see R. 15.

The line to Ansbach (p. 115) and Gunzenhausen diverges here.
The next stations on the Nuremberg line are (86 M.) Rottendorf
and (90 M.) Dettelbach ; the town of Dettelbach lies on the Main,
3 M. to the E.

9572M.KitKi]igen (*8chwan; Rothes Ross; Stem), on the right
bank of the Main, a prosperous commercial town, with 7000inhab.y
famous for its beer, is connected by an ancient stone bridge, 885 ft.
long, with Etwcuhausen on the left bank of the Main. In 1525 the
Margrave Casimir caused seven of the burghers to be executed in the
market-place, and many others to be deprived of sight, as a punish-
ment for their participation in the insurrection of the peasantry.

to Nuremberg. FÜRTH. 14. RouU. 59

On a hill ueai the station, ^/^ M. to the S.W. of the town , are the
town Waterworks, the water of which is pumped up from the Main
hy steam-power. The Neue Schiesshaus , on the hill above the sta-
tion, commands a charming view of the vine-clad hills of the Main
and of the Steigerwald with the Schwanberg.

The line crosses the Main by a handsome bridge, 70 ft. high
and 870 ft. long, and leads towards the S.£. through a hilly district,
passing near the base of the Schwanberg. Stations Mainhemheim
(where the Main is crossed), Iphofen, Markt'Einershehn, Hellmitz-
heinij Markt-Bibarty Langenfeld^ and (120 M.) Neustadt an derAisch,
a hop-trading place, with remains of ancient walls and towers (4100
inhab.).

Branch Bailwat by Dottenheim and Ipsheim to (9V2 M.) Windfthaim,
a small and ancient town on the Aitch^ formerly a free town of the em-
pire, and still surrounded with walls.

Beyond (125 M.) Eimskirehen the line crosses the Auraeh by a
line viaduct, 132 ft. in height. 128 M. Hagenbüehaeh ; 134 M. Sie-
pelsdor^ (branch-line to Langenzenn)\ I36Y2M. Burgfambaeh, with
a chateau of Count Pückler and a brewery of high repute. The
railway now crosses the Bednitz (to the right the Alte Feste , see
below).

140 M. Fürth (Hotel Kutt; Eisenbahn-Hdtel) is a thriving com-
mercial and manufacturing town (35, 327 inhab.), vying with Nurem-
berg in its staple commodities of toys and fancy - articles. The very
extensive manufactories of gold-leaf and of mirrors are worthy of
a visit. The modern Bathhaus with its lofty tower is a conspicuous
-building. The Gothic Church of St. Michael (iAth cent.') contains a
beautiful late -Gothic *Giborium, 2Ö ft. in height. The Bednitz,
which unites with the Pegnits below the town and forms the Begnitz^
is crossed by a railway and a suspension-bridge.

On an eminence on the Bednitz, 2H. to the S.W., lies the Alte Fest«,
near which the battle between Oustavus Adolphus and Wallenstein, which
compelled the Swedish monarch to retreat, was fought on 4th Sept., Ifö2.
The head-quarters of Oustavus were at the inn ^Zum Grünen Baum\ in
the street now named after him. Six different attacks on the intrenciied
camp of Wallenstein proved unsuccessful. Extensive view from the tower,
near which is a large garden-restaurant much patronised by the ITurem-
bergers.

Between Fürth (junction for the line to Bamberg, p. 71) and
(5 M.) Nuremberg, besides the government-railway, trains also run
hourly (in ^4 ^^0 on the iMdwigshahn (station at Nuremberg out-
side the Spittler-Thor), the oldest line in Germany (183Ö), and there
is also a tramway (p. 84). The railway crosses the Ludwigs-Ganal
before (141 M.) Doos, runs for some distance parallel with it, and
then turns to the £. into the (145 M.) Knrember^ station (p. 84).

60

15. From Würzbnrg to Heidelberg.

99 M. Railway in 4V2-6>/4 brs.

The line coincideB with the Manich line as far as (3 M.) Hei-
dingsfeld (p. 113) ; here it diverges to the right, and ascends slowly
through a monotonous hilly region. 6V2 M. stat. Reichehberg; the
village lies in the valley to the left, and is overlooked by a hand-
some chateau on the mountain-side. 10 M. Oeroldshausen. The
Baden frontier is crossed just before the train reaches (14 M.)
Kirehheim. The line now descends, and beyond (17 M.) Wittig-
hausen is carried through some deep cuttings and a tunnel. The
woods and meadows of the valley of the Orunbaeh are then travers-
ed, till at (20^2 M.) Zimmern a vine-growing district is reached.
22^2 M. Orunsfeld, an old town, part of the walls of which are still
standing. The handsome church contains a fine monument to a
Countess von Wertheim (d. 1503) by Tilman Riemenschneider.
Beyond (25^2 ^0 Oerku^keim the train crosses the Tauber^ and
proceeds to the left to (27 M.) Laada (*Bailway BestaurarU), the
junction for the line to Wertheim,

Fboh Lauda to Webtheim, 19Vs ^-t railway in 1 hr. The line traver^
ses the smiling valley of the Tauber. — 2V2 M. Distelhaiuen ; 5 M. Tauber-
bisoho/sheim^ the scene of an engagement between the Prussian and Wurtenh
berg troops in 1866*, TVs M. Hochhauzen; 12 H. Ganiburg, with an old castle.
The train now crosses the Tauber twice, passes through two tunnels,
and reaches (16 M.) Bronnbach^ where there is an old Cistercian abbey,
with a transition-church of the i2th century. 17 M. Reicholthtim. 19V2 a-
WerthBim (p. 54).

At (28^2 M.) Kdnigshofen (Deutseher Hof), an old town at
the confluence of the Umpfer and the Tauber , the insurgent pea-
sants suffered a defeat during the Peasants' War in 1525.

Fbom KÖNIG8HOFBK TO Mbboemthbuc , 4i|s X., railway in 20 min.
Stations Unterbalbach^ Edelfingen. — Kargenthaim iHirseh. in the town;
DeuUcher Hof^ at the station) is an old town on the Tauoer, where the
Master of the Teutonic Order resided down to 1805. Pop. 4445. The ex-
tensive Schloss contains a natural history cabinet. Si. John'B^ in the late-
Romanesque style (12th cent.) , is the most interesting of the churches.
The Karlsbad^ near the town, ha« springs containing Glauber's salts (Gur-
saal and Trinkhalle). — From Mergentheim to Crailsheim, see p. 22.

The line quits the Tauber, and turns to the W. into the Umpfer-

thal, 31 M. ünterschüpf ; 33 M. Schweigern; 34 M. Boxherg^Wol'

ehingen. At Boxberg are the insignificant rains of a castle, quite

recently destroyed. The church of Wölchingen (to the right) , a

cruciform pillared basilica in the transition-style of the 13th cent.,

possesses handsome portals and noteworthy Romanesque capitals.

It contains some tombstones of the 14th and loth centuries. The

train passes through a tunnel and reaches (41 M.) Eubigheim,

a prosperous -looking and prettily-situated village. The line then

traverses the Kimaehthal to Hirschlanden, Rosenberg, and (48^2^*)

Osterburken (Kanne), an ancient town on the site of a Roman

fortress.

Fbom Ostebbubken to Jagstfeld, 23V2 M., railway in IV4 hr. — The
line crosses the Kirnaeh, and traverses the valley of that stream to ÄdelS'

NEOKARSTEINACH. 15, RouU. 61

heim, a small town on the E. spurs of the Odenwald. The Seckaehthal is
then followed to Senn/eld, Roigheim, and (10 M.) Möckmähl, an old town,
still surrounded with walls and towers, at the influx of the Seckach into
the Jagst, which was bravely defended by Götz von Berlichingen against
the Swabian League in 1519 ; at the X. end of the little town are the ex-
tensive ruins of the castle. — The train now crosses the Jagst, and fol-
lows the left bank to Züitlingen, Siglingen, Ifevdenau, Unter- Griesheim,
and Jagstfeld (p. 18).

The Baden railway diverges to the right from the Wurtemberg
line, passes through a tunnel, and begins to traverse pleasant
wooded and grassy valleys , forming the S.E. ramiflcatlons of the
Odenwald. 50 M. stat. Adelsheim, about 2^/4 M. distant from the
town of that name (see above). The line now leads through the
Seckachthal and threads several tunnels. 53 M. Secfcaeh; 56 M.
Eicholzheim ; bl M. Schefflenz ; 60 M. Auerbach, Near (62 M.)Daf-
lau the Elz is crossed. 63 M. Neckarhurken. — 66 M. Mosbach

«

(* Prinz Karl; Badischer Hof; Railway Restaurant), an old and
bnsy little town on the Elz, with 3426 inhab.

671/2 M. Keckarelz, at the confluence of the Elz with the iVcc&ar,
is the junction of the Stuttgart and Hanau line (p. 191.

Fbom l^EGKABELz TO Meckbshbim, 20 H., railway in 1-1 V« hr. — The
train crosses the Neckar and threads three tunnels, passing the small
chateau of Netiberg on the right. Stations Ashach, Aglaster hausen. Helm-
Stadt, Waü>stadt (with a Gothic church). We then follow the Sehtearz-
haehihal. 15V2 M. Neidenstein, with a chateau ; 17 M. EseJulhronn, — 20 M.
i/«eÄ;««Ae«m, the junction of the Heilbronn and Heidelberg railway (seep. 18).

From Neekarelz to (80 M.) Eherhach^ junction of the line to
Darmstadt and Hanau , see p. 19. Beyond Eberbach the train
traverses the Feuerherger Tunnel , 330 yds. in length, and reaches
(85 M.) Hirschhorn (*Zum Naturalisten), picturesquely situated at
the foot of the imposing castle of that name. 87 M. Neckarhausen. —
89 m. Keckarstainach (^Harfe, with a garden on the Neckar), with
four old castles of the valiant race of the Steinachs, snmamed the
Landschaden ('land-scourges'). The Mittelburg, one of the castles,
has been restored in the mediseval style. Opposite, on a lofty wood-
ed hill, rises the ancient castle of Dilsberg, The train now crosses
the Neckar.

93 M. Neekargemünd (Hirsch), at the point where the Neckar
is joined by the Elsenz, and the junction of the line to Meckesheim
and Neekarelz (see above). The woods on both banks are occasion-
ally interrupted by quarries of red sandstone. Opposite (95^2 M.)
Schlierbaeh is the abbey of NeuJfurg, A number of handsome villas
are passed before Heidelberg is reached. At Heidelberg the train
stops first at the Carlsthor station (for the upper town), and then
passes through a long tunnel below the Schlossberg to the (99 M.)
principal station (see Baedeker's Rhine),

62

16. From Leipsic to Iforemberg by Bamberg.

222 M. Railway, express in 9Vs b^fl« ordinary trains in 13 hrs. Express
from Leipsic to Munich by Nuremberg in 14 hrs.; to Lindau by Xördlingen
and Augsburg in ISVs hrs. — An express from Berlin to Nuremberg and
Munich runs vi& Halle, Weissenfels, Probstsella, and Hochstadt (in summer
only) and is joined at Zeitx by an express from Leipsic, starting from the
Thuringian Station.

Departure from the Bayarian Station. 5^2 M. Oaschwitz; 9 M.
Bohlen; 13 M. Kieritzschy where a hranoh diverges to Chemnitz.

24 M. Altenburg (*H6tel de Saxe ; *H6tel de Rttssie ; Thüringer
Hop, with 29,110 Inhab., is overlooked by the ducal Schloss^ with
its late-Gothic church (1410), situated In a fine park. The Museum,
near the station, contains a collection of old Italian pictures, besides
copies, casts, and upwards of BOO Greek and Etruscan vases.

36 m. Oossnitz, junction for Glauchau and Chemnitz on the £.,
and Oera on the W. ; 42 M. Crimmitzachau ; 48 Y2 M. Werdau
(junction for Zwickau"), all manufacturing towns , with extensive
spinning and weaving industries. To the left , on a wooded hill
stands the chateau of Schönfels, 54 M. Neumark, junction for Oreiz.
— 59 M. Beichenbaeh f Xamm ; Deutscher Kaiser), with 18,330 in-
hab., is another busy manufacturing place. Carriages are changed
here for Eger (see below).

The train now crosses the profound Ooltzschthal by an imposing
viaduct with four series of arches, 728 yds. in length and 285 ft.
high in the middle. Far below, to the left , are the small town and
castle of Mylau. 62^2 M> Netzschkau ; 66 M. HerUxsgrun (branch-
line by Auerbach and Falkenstein to Oelsnitz, see below). The line
then crosses the deep, wooded Elsterthal by another lofty viaduct.

74^2 M. Planen (*DeiVs Hdtel; Engel), a manufacturing town
on the Weisse Elster, with 42,858 inhab., is the capital of the
Voigtland. The old castle of Hradschin was anciently the seat of
the Voigt (advocatus regni).

At Plauen the lines via Hof (see below) and Yik Eger divide.

[The Railway via Eobb leads through the picturesque Elster-
thal, a hilly district with numerous manufactories. 2 M. Neundorf;
6 M. Weischlitz (junction for the Elsterthal Bailway to Oreiz aud
Oera) 5 71/2 M. Pirk / 12^/2 M. Oelsnitz (branch to Auerbach and
Zwickau) ; 20 V2 M. Adorf (branch to Chemnitz). Then (221/2 M.)
Ulster (Hotel de 8axe, with the Oursaal ; *Wettiner Hof; Bauer;
Reichsverweser; Daheim), a pleasant watering-place, with alka-
line and saline springs.

The train now quits the Elster and crosses the watershed be-
tween the Elster and the Eger. 31 M. Brambach. At (37 M.) Voi-^
tersreuth, the Austrian frontier -station, luggage is examined.
42 M. Franzensbad (p. 305), junction for HofQp. 63). — 461/2 M.
Eger (p. 304; luggage from Munich examined here; ^Railway
Restaurant) ; routes hence to Carlsbad and Prague, see R. 45 , to
Pilsen and Vienna, see R. 48.

HOF. 16. Route, 63

Shortly beyond Eger tlie train quits the Austrian territory. The
Cistercian abbey at the village of (54 M.) Waldsassen, founded
in 1128, was once famed for its wealth; it was suppressed in 1803.
The handsome church is in the baroque style ; the library-hall
contains some good carving. Ö6V2 ^- Steinmühle, 57Y2 M. Mitter-
teich, is situated on the watershed between the Eger and the
l^ab. To the right is the Kosseine, p. 81. At (63 V2 M.) Wiesau
(see below), the line unites with that via Hof.]

The RaiiiWAy yia Hof diverges at Plauen to the right of the
£ger line.

82 m:. Mehltheuer; 851/2 M. Schönberg, Beyond (901/2 M.) Reuth
the train enters Bavaria. As Hof is approached, the blue outlines
of the Fichtelgebirgß (see Map, p. 77) become visible to the left.

104 M. Hof (*Hirschj at the station; *Lamm; Ooldner Lowe;
Bail. Restaurant), a well-built town on the Saale, with 21,890 in-
habitants . Gothic Bathhaus of 1 563. On the Theresienstein (•Restau-
rant) is the pretty public park. About 1/2 M. farther off is the La-
hyrinthenberg , with a ruined castle and a belvedere. The rounded
summit of the Dbhraherg (2325 ft.) is visible to the W. , in the
Eranconian forest.

From Hof a diligence plies daily in 4 hrs. via Naila, to (15V2 M.) Stehen
(2130 ft.-, ^Kur^mtel; Anker; Pension Spörl). the most loftily situated chaly-
beate bath in Germany. The little town (1000 inhab.) was almost entirely
burned down in 1877 and has been rebuilt in an improved style. In 1796-97
Alexander von Humboldt fUled the post of mining superintendent here^
the house he occupied is denoted by a tablet. Excursions may be made
from Stehen to the *' Höllenthal , to the Langenauer-Thal , and to Blanken-
herg , prettily situated on the Saale. — From Stehen to Milnchberg (see
below) a diligence plies daily via Jffelmbrechts in 5 hrs., and another to
Kronach (p. 64), via Qeroldsgrän, 8teinw%esen, and Unterrodach^ also in 5 hrs.

FsoM HoF TO Egbb, 3^ M., railway in 2^/2 hrs. — Stations: dV« ^•
Oherkotzau'^ SVs H. Rehau (on the right the Grosse Komberg^ with a view-
tower); I51/2 M. Selb. — 20 M. Asch (Post), a manufacturing Bohemian town,
with io,QOO inhab., contains monuments to Luther and Joseph U. The
Hainberg, i^/s M. to the K., commands an extensive view. [A branch-line
runs from the station, which is IV4 M from the town, by Asch- Stadt.
Jfeuberg and Thonbrttnn, to (8^4 M.) JRossbaeh, with considerable manufac-
tories.] — Then stat. Hasslau, Antonienhöhe-Stöckermühle , and Franzensbad
(p. 305). — 37 M. Eger Q?. 304).

The line traverses a hilly district, in the vicinity of the winding
Saale. 109 M. Oberkotzau, junction of the line to Ratisbon and
Munich (R. 27); 112 M. Schwarzenbach ; II6V2M. 5cwt6«Ä. From
(120 M.) Munchberg (•Bayr. Hof) a carriage may be taken to Weissen-
8tadt(p. 80) over the Waldstein in 3 hrs. (7-8 m.) I26V2 M. Stam-
haeh. On the left rise the Grosse Waldstein (p. 80), Schneeberg
(p. 79), and Ochsenkopf {j^. 79), the highest summits of the Fichtel-
gebirge. 131 M. Stat. Falls-Oefrees ,• the village of Qefrees lies
In the Lubnitzthal , 3 M. to the E. 133 M. Markt-Schorgast lies
in the valley to the right (to Berneck, see p. 78). The construction
of the line here is an object of interest (gradient at first 1 : 40 ;
descent to Neuenmarkt 575 ft.) ; cuttings, embankments, and dark
ravines follow each other in rapid succession. To the left in the

64 Route 16. LICHTENFELS. Frcm Leipsic

distance is Himmelkron , the church of which is pointed out by
tradition as the burial-place of the Countess of Oriamünde (the
'White Lady', d. about 1300), from whom a branch of the Bran-
denburg family is descended.

138 M. Neuenmarkt (junction for Baireuth and Sehtuibelwaid^
etc., see p. 71 and R. 25); 1^2 ^' *o t^e N. is Wirsberg, a summer-
resort, with several inns and pretty walks. 142 M. Unter-Stein-
dchy 3 M. to the N.W. of which lies the town of 8teinach. Country
picturesque, especially near (146 M.) Culmbaoh (*Ooldner Hirsch;
*Rail. Restaurant)^ celebrated for its beer, formerly the residence
of the Margraves of Brandenburg-Culmbach , on the Weisse Main,
commanded by the Plassenburg, now a prison.

Near (149 M.) Mainleus, the Weisse and Rothe Main unite to
form the Main, the broad valley of which is now traversed as far
as Bamberg. At their confluence lies Schloss Steinhausen. 152^2 M.
Mainroth; 155^2 M. Burgkunstadt, a little town with an old Rath-
haus and Schloss. Near (159 M.) JSocfistadt-Marktzeuln (junction
of lines from Berlin and Leipsic, by Weissenfels and Probstzella)
the train crosses the Main.

Fbom Hoghstadt to Saalfbld, 50 M., railway in SV^V^ brs. — The line
runs through the -pretty Rodachthal. Stations Bedwitz (at the entrance of
the romantic SteinachthaT), Oher-Langen»iadt^ KUps (a considerable village
with a castle of the Von Redwitz family). — 10 M. Kronaeh (Ooldner
Wagen or Pott; Sonne)^ a small town (4000 inhab.) picturesquely situated
at the confluence of the ffcusktch and Bodach, formerly fortified and bravely
defended during the Thirty Years'* War, was the birthplace of the painter
Lucas Cranach (1472). Above the town is the extensive fortress of
Rosenberg. — Thence through the Sasslachthal by stat. OundeUdorf to
(15V2 M.) Stockheim^ near which there are valuable coal-mines. The line
now ascends by Rothenkirchen and FörUchendorf to the watershed between
the valleys of the Bhine and Elbe, and descends into the Loquitzthal
on the other side to (29 H.) Ludwigtstadt ^ whence a branch-line runs in
40 min. to Lehesten^ with extensive slate-quanries. Beyond the hamlet of
Lauenstein the train quits Bavaria, enters Saxe- Heiningen, and reaches
(34 H.) Probstzella (Rail. Restaur.), where it passes to the Prussian State
railway. Then MarktgöUtz , Unterloquitz , Eichieht. — GO H. Saalfeld, the
junction of the lines from Berlin via Halle and Weissenfels, see Ba«deker''s
North Oermanff.

158 M. LichtenfeU (866 ft. ; Anker, Hotel Moulin, both at the
station ; Krone, In the market) , is the junction of the Werra line
(to Coburg and Eisenach, see Baedeker's N. Germany). The mon-
asteries of Banz on the right (IY4 hr., carr. there and back 6 m.^
and Viertehnheiligen on the left (1 hr., carr. there and back 4V2 n^* J
are conspicuous objects in the landscape. Pleasure-grounds at the

Burgberg,

Carriage to Vierzehnheiligen 41/2, to Banz 6 m. (return included). The
pedestrian desirous of visiting both should proceed first from Lichtenfels
to Vierzehnheiligen (1 hr.), and thence to Banz (1 hr.) and ('(4 hr.) stat.
StaiFelstdn (see below). In a direct line Banz ia 1^1« hr. from Lichtenfels ^
the road follows the direction of the railway, crosses the Hain at the
ferry-houses, and then ascends the hill.

The once celebrated Benedictine Abbey of Baas, founded in lOdS^was
dissolved in 1806. The extensive buildings on a wooded height, 400 ft.

to Nuremberg. BAMBERG. 16. RouU. 65

above the Haln (1880 ft. above sea-level), now belong to Dake Max of Ba«
varia. *View from the terrace^ Valuable collection of fossils found in this
neighbourhood, among which are fine specimens of the ichthyosaurus,
colossal belemnites, ammonites, etc. The collection of Egyptian antiqui>
ties is unimportant. A Descent ttota the Clross, a relief in silver, pre-
sented by Pope Pius VI. to his godson Duke Pius of Bavaria , is errone-
ously attributed to Benv. Cellini. — *Inn at the chateau, suitable for a
prolonged stay.

Opposite Bans, at the same elevation, is the monastery-church of Yimr«
sehnheüigen (JSirscb)^ the most frequented shrine in Franconia, visited by
about 50,000 pilgrims annually. The church, with its two towers, was
rebuilt in the rococo style in 1743-72. In the centre of the nave is an
altar which marks the spot, where, according to the legend, the 14 *Noth-
helfer^ ii. e, saints who help in time of need) appeared to a shepherd-boy
in 1446, and gave rise to the foundation of the church. In the two W. chapels
are numerous thank-offerings, such as figures in wax, etc. — Visitors to
Bans are not recommended to go te Viensehnheiligen alao unless they
mean to extend their excursion along the 'idge- to the (3 M.) chapel
(Restaurant) on the verge of the precipitous Staffelberg.

Near (162 M.) Staffelstein the Staffelberg (1775 ft.) rises abruptly
from the valley, surmoTinted by a cbapel and commanding a view
extending to the Schneekopf in the Thuringian Forest. Then on
the opposite side the Veitsberg (1515 ft.), crowned with a chapel
and ruined castle, and also affording a magnificent view. 165^2 M.
¥^ensfeld; 169 M. Zapfendorf; 173 M. Breiten- Güssbach -, 179 M.
HallstadU Before the train reaches Bamberg (see below) the line
f torn. Schweinfurt (^Wurzburg, Aschaffenburg , Kissingen, etc.) joins
ours on the right.

184 M. Bamberg. — Hotels. Bahbbbgbr Hof (P1. a ; C, 3), Grüne
Markt, R. from I'/a, B. 1, D. 21/2, L. & A. 1 m. j Dedtsches Haus (PL b ;
D, 2), König-Str., B. from IVv» I>. 3 m., B. 80 pf.; *DaBi EnoNBH (PI. d;
C, A% Lange-Str. — Second - class : ^Sklaitobb Hop (PI. <0t «t the station,
B., L., A A. 11/2 m.

Beatanranta. * Mti9er$ehmiU , Eapuzinergasse ; Fischer, comer of the
Lange-Str. and the PTomenaden-Str. (good Franconian wine at these);
8ehiib€irth, Tatnboii (with shady garden), both on the Promenade. Beer at
the Fäftlein, König-6tr. etc. The Beer^ardeiu on the Stephansberg, Raul-
bexg, and Jakobsberg are much frequented on summer-evenings ; some of
them eomaand fine views.

Gab into the town , with one horse 75 pf. , with two horses I'/s ni. ;
to the Jakobsberg 1 or 2 m., to the Michaelsberg IV« or 2Vs m. Within
the town: V« hr. 60 pf. or 1 m., V2 br. 1 or 2 m., 1 hr. 2 or 3 m.

Fost Oface (PI. 14$ G,i), Schiller-Platz. — Telegraph Ottoe, An-Str. 17.

Swimming Baths at the Tlieresienhain (p. 70), above the town.

Barhberg (775 ft.), a handsome^Iooking tovn with 31,295 in-
hab., is situated in a very fertile district on both banks of the
Hegnita, at Its junction with th.e Ludwigs" Canal (connecting the
Main and the Danube, but oomparatively little used) and about
3M. above its oooflüen6e with the Main. The town, which acquired
municipal privileges before 973, wis In 1007 lAade the seat of a
bishop ,' who was rai«ed to the rank of archbishop in 1664. Since
1802 Bamberg has belonged to Baystia. About half of the town is
built upon a row of small hills » the highest point of which Is
crowned with several churches.

The road from the station to the town (to the cathedral 1 M.)
Basdbkkb''s S. Germany. 6th Edit. 5

66 BmtUlB, BAMBEBO. FtomLtipiUi

traverses the 'Gärtnerei-Vorstadt', or garden-suburb. At the begin-
ning of the KSnigs-Strasse, on the left, is the old church otSU Qan-
golph (PL Ö), founded in 1063 , originally a Komanesque basilica,
with a Gothic choir, but disfigured by alterations.

The £. branch of the Regnitz is crossed by two bridges, the
Sophienbrücke and the Kettenbrücke (PI. D, 3). The former, an iron
bridge built in 1867, leads to the modern part of the town (p. 69),
but the chief stream of traffic flows across the Kettenbrücke , or
chain-bridge , constructed in 1828-29 , fromwhich the Hauptwach^
Strasse runs to the S. to the Maximilians-Platz and the Grune Markt.

IntheMAXiMUJAMs-PLATz (PI. G, 3), on the right, is the exten-
sive Priests' Seminary (PI. 19). In the centre rises an imposing
Fountain, executed in 1880 by Miller of Munich, and adorned
with statues of Maximilian I. of Bavaria, Emp. Henry II., his
wife Cunigunde, Bishop Otho the Saint, and Emp. Conrad III.
(with the banner of the Crusade). The old Church of St, Martin,
which formerly stood here, was removed in 1803.

Farther on is the Gbünb Makkt, where the vegetable-market is
held in the forenoon. On the right, at the corner of the Jesuiten-
Strasse, stands the church of St. Martin (PI. 2 ; C, 3) , built by
Andr. Pozzo in the Baroque style in 1686-1720. The interior,
is roofed with lofty barrel- vaulting ; the tower, 180 ft. high, affords
a good bird's-eye view of the town. Adjoining the church are St,
Martin's Cernetery^ and the Lyceurriy formerly a Jesuit college. In
the colonnade at Uie back of the court are the entrances to the Lin-
der Cabinet of Natural History (10-12 ; on the right) and to the
•Library (on the left). The latter, formed by the combination of the
old Jesuit library with collections from several convents , now con-
tains 300000 vols, and upwards of 3000 MSS.

The library is open daily (except Sun., 8at. , and holidays) M2 and
2-4; daring the summer-holidays visitors are admitted from 9 to 12. Some
of the most interesting contents of the library are exhibited under glass
in the principal hall. Among these are several Gospels and missals of the
Carlovingian period , including the so-called ^BibU of Alcuin\ probably
written at Tours ; prayer-books of Henry II and his wife Gunignnde, with
fine Byzantine ivory diptychs of the 11th cent. ; also numerous miniatures,
rare printed works, and interesting drawings, water-colours, etc., including
several ascribed to Dürer (?).

Farther on in the Grfine Markt, to the left, is a FowAain^ with
a figure of Neptune, erected in 1698. The Obstmarkt, a prolongation
of the Grfine Markt, leads to the Obere Brücke, a bridge over the
left arm of the Regnitz, completed in 1465 and embellished in 1715
with a Crucifixion in stone. On an artificial Island adjoining the
middle of the bridge stands the -r-

Bathhani (PI. 11 ; C, 4), erected in its present form in 1746-
56 ; the exterior is covered with allegorical frescoes in the taste of
the period. The old tower at the end of the bridge, with its elegant
rococo balconies, also deserves notice. — A little lower down is an
iron bridge, constructed in 1858. Above is another iron bridge cross-

io Nuremberg. BAMBERG. 16. RouU. 67

ing from the right hank to the Oeierswörth , an island on which
stands an old episcopal palace, now used as a court of justice. The
two chief bridges afford fine views of the river and town. — From
the Upper Bridge the Carolinen- Str. ascends direct to the Oaboli-
nbn-Platz , which is surrounded by the cathedral , the old , and
the new palace.

The ^Cathedral (PI. 1 ; B, 4) with its four towers, one of the
finest Romanesque edifices in Germany (312 ft. long, 92 ft. wide,
and 86 ft. high), was founded by Emp. Henry 11. in 1004, but
dates in its present form from the close of the 12th, and the be-
ginning of the 13th century. The W, choir, with the transept in
front of it, is of later origin, perhaps dating from 1274, when an
indulgence was granted to the promoters of the building, and the
nave provided with its pointed ceiling. The four towers are 265 ft.
in height ; the two to the E. are in a pure Romanesque style, but
the open-work turrets on the W. towers reveal the influence of the
early French-Gothic style. The sculptures on the portals and in
the interior are among the best examples of the German plastic art
between the late-Romane&que and the early-Bentdssanoe periods.

The sculptures on the Principal Postal (FOrrtttUhor), which re-
sembles the SOoldene Pforte' of Freibei^ Cathedral, represent the Last
Judgment, the Apostles standing on the shoulders of the Prophets, and
symbolical figures of the Church and the Synagogue. The two smaller
portals to the right and left of the E. Choib are also embellished with
sculptures: those on the S.W. door (the *marriage-door*), the usual en-
trance to the cathedral, include figures of Adam and Eve, SS. Peter and
Stephen, and the Emp. Henry II. and his consort Cunigunde; the S. E.
door, is embellished with fine columns bearing elaborate capitals; above
the architrave, the Virgin worshipped by saints.

The ^Interior (open 6-11 a. m. and 2-4 p. m.) was Judiciously restor-
ed by King Lewis I. in 1828-S7 and relieved of the inharmonious decora-
tions added in the rococo period. (The sacristan, who exhibits the choir-
stalls and treasury, lives beyond the W. choir, entrance in the Carolinen-
Platz i fee V2-I m.).

In the centre of the Navk is the *Saretmhagu» of the founder Henry II.
(d. 1024) and his consort Cunigunde (d. 1038), executed, in a stone closely
resembling marble, by Biemenschneider, a distinguished sculptor of Würz-
burg, in 1499-1513. The reliefs on the sides represent scenes from their lives :

1. The Empress proves her innocence by walking over red-hot plough-shares ;

2. She pays the workmen who erected the church founded by her ; 3. The
Emperor cured of an illness by St. Benedict ; 4. He implores pardon for sin ;
5. His death. — Modem Pulpit by Botermundt.

To the left of the approach to the E. or St. George'^s choir is an EtfUBg-
irian Figure of Emp^ Oonrad III., who died at Bamberg in 11Ö3 and was
buried in the cathedral (or perhaps of Stephen, King of Hungary, who was
baptized here). — The stone screens separating the E. choir from the aisles
are adorned with interesting sculptures, representing the Apostles and Pro-
phets (in pairs), St. Qeorge and the Dragon, and the Annunciation, all
executed in the iSth century. The three fine statues on the N. side (Ma-
donna, Sibyl, an angel) date from the end of the 13th century. Adjacent
is the monument of the last prince-bishop (d. 1806). — The E. Choib con-
tains the monument of the prince-bishop Oeorge II. (d. 1505), executed in
Peter Yischer's work-room, and the sarcophagi of Bishop Otho II. (d. 1196;
Romanesque) and Bishop Günther (d. 1066*, iBth century). The figure of
Christ, in bronze, over the altar, was designed by Schwanthaler ; so also
the 22 reliefs of saints on the altar. The choir-stalls are modem. — The

5*

68 Bouteie, BAMBERG. From Leipsit

C&TPT, below the B. choir, is in a severe Bomane«que styles the vaulting
is supported by 14 circular and octagonal columns. It contains a draw-
well and the simple sandstone sarcophagus of Emp. Conrad III.

In the.W. or St. Peter's Chqib is the low marble sarcophagus of Pope
.Clement II. (d. 1047) , who had been Bishop of Bamberg , with reliefs of
the 13th century. The tomb of Oeorge III. (d. 1522), «xecuted by Loyen
Hering, is one of the earliest Renaissance monumento in Germany. Three
other monuments in the W. choir were executed by Peter Vischer or his
pupils. The choir-stalls are <^ the Gothic period.

In the S. Tkansept, to the left of the W. choir, is an ivory crucifix
supposed to date from the 4th cent^ and said to have been presented to
the church by Emp. Henry II. in lOOo. The Ant<mius-CapelU contains an
altar-piece by Lucas Oranach (1513) representing the Madonna in ' a gar-
land of roses, with saints and portraits of Emp. Max I., the pope, and
other princes of that period. ■*- The doors at the end of the S. transept
lead to the sacristy and to' the NagtlrCapeUe (Chapel of the Nail), which
was added in the loth cent, and contains 64 monumental brasses (1414-
1540), a carved reredos of the I5th cent., and an Entombment after Ann.
Carracci. — The Teeasdry contains, among other curiosities, a nail of the
True Cross in a mounting of the loth cent., the skulls of Emp. Henry II.
and Cunigunde,- the Emperor's crown, his sword, drinking-horn, and
knife, combs of the Empress, a sacerdotal robe embroidered by her, and
the end of St. Otho*s crozier.

The W, gide of the Carolitien-Plate is bounded hy the pictur-
esque Alte Hofhaltung or Alte Beiidens, vith a lofty gable and
handsome bow-window and portal , built in the second half of the
16th cent, on the site of an older palace of the Counts of Baben-
berg, in which the Lombard King Berengarius died in captivity in
966 , and Count Palatine Otho of Wittelsbach slew the Emp.
Philip of Svabia in 12Ö8. In the Dom-Platz , in front of it, rises
a monument to the prince-bishop Von Erihal W- 17973, ierected
in I860.

The N. and part of the E. side of the Carolinen-Platz are occu-
pied by the Keue Besidenz (PI. 17), or New Palace^ erected by
Bishop von Schönborn in 1698-1704. The French Marshal Ber-
thier, Prince of Neufchatel, lost his life here in 1815, while staying
with his father-in-law, the Duke of Bavaria, by falling from one of
the windows. A white cross on the E. wall indicates the spot.
In Oct., 1806, Napoleon's headquarters were at the palace, from
which he issued his declaration of war against Prussia.

The Obere Carolinengasse, between the two palaces, leads from
the Carolinen-Platz to the right to the Jakobsherg and the St. Ja-
kobskirche (PI. 6 -, A, 4), a flat-roofed Romanesque church of the
11th cent., with a Gothic choir of the 14th century. In 1771 the
W. choir was replaced by a rococo facade , and recently the whole
church was restored. Beyond the E. choir, to the left, is the well-
known Porcelain Painting Establishment of C. Schmidt.

We now continue our walk to the *Micliaelsberg (PI. 10 ; A, 3),
on which stand a conspicuous church and other buildings belonging
to a Benedictine abbey founded by Emp. Henry II. The court,
which we enter by the W. gateway, affords a good picture of a med-
iaeval convent on a large scale, though most of the present build-
ings date only from the 18th century.

to Nuremberg, BAMBERG. 16, Route, 69

The Orubch of St. Michabl (PL 3) , a Romanesque edifice of
the 12th cent. , with Gothic additions , was entirely restored last
century in the taste of the period.

The iNTfCBiOB oontains the monuments of several bishops (16-18th cent,),
transferred hither from the cathedral. Behind the high-altar is that of
St. Otho (d. 1139), dating from the 14th century \ at the back is a painted
statue of the saint, probably a relic of an earlier monument. The altar
contains his pastoral staff, mitre, and chasublQ. The handsome rococo
£hoir-staIls were executed in the 18th century.

TheS.E. wing of the abbey-building now oontains the municipal
Gallbby of Abt. Entrance adjoining the steps ascending to the
church (adm. 60 pf., catalogue 50 pf.).

Ybstibulb. Ltarge piece of tapestry of the end of the loth cent.,
with scenes from the Passion. — Roohs 1 & U. Early German Masters,
represented by 61 paintings by M. Wohlgemuth^ San» von Kulmbdch^ Bans
Baldung Orien^ Lucas Cranaeh^ and others. — Rooms III A IV. contain
(according to the catalogue) 61 pictures by A. del Sarto, C. Dolei^ M,
Caravaggio^ Sasso/errato, C. Maratta^ Tiepolo. and other Italian masters,
and 11 pictures by Spagnoletio and other Spanish painters. ' — Rooms
T, VI^ & VII. Dutch and Flemish Masters of the 16th and 17th cent.,
including G, de Grayer^ Honthorst^ Jordaen», 8al. Ruysdael., and Jan van
Qoyen. — Room VIIL French School. — Room IX. Heller Collection:
819. Gorn. Janszoon van Cevien^ Portrait; 822. A. Dürer, Head of St. Paul,
a study. — Rooms X, XI, & XII. contain modem works, chiefly by natives
of Bamberg and obscure Munich masters. No. 489 is a Head 'al fresco*
by Coi'neUtte. — The collection also includes water-colours, miniatures,
crayon sketches , and numerous small works of art in ivory , alabaster,
and wood.

On the N. side of the church is the old abbey , now an alms*
house. To the left are the secular buildings, which are occupied
by a brewery and restaurant. The Corhvent Garden, laid out in the
18th cent. ,• affords a fine ""View of Bamberg (Caf^ , much visited
in the evening).

To theW. of, and a little abovei the Michaelsberg, are the small
church of St. Getreu and the Lunatic Asylum.

From the Theresien - Platz a street ascends past the Obere
Brücke (see p. 66) to the S.W. to the Kaulberg, on.the lower part
of which, to the left, stands the Gothic *Obere Pfarrkirche zu
Unserer Lieben iVauen (PI. 4; B, 4, 5), erected in 1320-87 and
now being restored. The raisisd choir is flanked with handsome
chapels. Good wood-carving on the organ by Veit Stosa (1523).
On the N. side is the Ehethür ('wedding-gate'), with. an elegant
porch borne by two slender columns.

Beautiful walk to the (20 min .) "jlitenburg (cab with two horses
6m.). We follow the Kaulberg-Strasse, and ascend beyond the gate
by a well-shaded road, and finally by footpaths. *Oaf<^ at the top.
The Altenburg, probably founded in the 10th cent, and after 1251
a castle of the bishops, was destroyed in 1Ö53 by Margr. Albert of
Baireuth, but afterwards partly restored. Fine view from the tower
(162 steps; afternoon light most favourable), The restored chapel
contains monuments of the 16th cent, and stained glass.

The Thereaienliain (Pl.D, o) and Lnijieiihaiii, stretching along

70 RottUie. FORCHHEIM.

the Regnitz, afford pleasant walks ; they may be reached from the

new town in 10-15 min. by the Sophien-Brücke, (p. 66), the

Sophien-Str., the Schonleins-Platz, and the Hain-Str., or from the

old town by the Geiersworth-Str. and the Mühlendamm. Near the

centre of the park is a popular caftf , and at the end of it, 2 M.

from the town , is the prettily-situated village of Bug , to which

a steamboat also plies. Swimming baths, see p. 65.

Very pleasant excursion to Banz and Vierzehnheiligen (p. 64). — Fran'
eonian Steitzerland, see p. 81.

The environs of Bamberg resemble a vast orchard and kitchen-
garden, of which, however , little is seen from the railway. Pine-
plantations and hop-gardens are traversed. The railway, high-road,
Begnitz , and Ludwigs-Canal run parallel to one another. 191 M.
Hirschaid ; 195 M. EggoUheim. To the left on the height near Forch-
heim rises the Jägersburg , once a hunting-lodge of the bishops of
Bamberg.

199 M. Forchheim (fitr«cA; Zettdmaier, Zur Eisenbahn, both
at the station), a frontier-fortress of the bishops of Bamberg , was
a place of some importance in the time of Charlemagne, and
during the middle ages was the seat of several diets. Pop. 4400.
The old Church contains twelve scenes from the Passion, of Wohl-
gemuth's school. The spacious Schloss, of the 14th cent. , is now
occupied by public offices. The rapid Wiesent falls into the Begnitz
here. — Excursion to Franeonian Switaerland, see p. 81.

To the right, near (203 M,')Baier9dorf, are the ruins oi Scharfen^
eck, destroyed by the Swedes in 1634. Beyond a tunnel of 374 yds.
the Regnitzthal and Ludwlgs-Canal are seen on the left.

2O8V2M. Erla]igen(1060ft.; *5c/iii7an; WaUfisch; *Blaue Qloeke;
beer in the Quie Quelle; Bail, Bettaurant), with 16,814 inhab.
(3000 Rom. Oath.), possesses a Vntvenity (500 stud. , principally
of theology), founded in 1743 by Margrave Alexander of Branden-
burg-Baireuth. In front of the building , which was originally the
palace of the margraves, is a Statue of the founder by Schwantha-
ler. The Library contains several curiosities, including a Bible
with miniatures of the 12th cent. , and a valuable collection of
drawings by Netherlandish and German masters of the 15-1 6th
cent., in which Dürer is represented by aboat 20 sketches. The
drawings , many of which are unfortunately injured, were perhaps
collected by the artist Sandrart. The natural history collections are
contained in the same building. The aula is hung with numerous
portraits. The beautiful palace-garden , which now belongs to the
university, contains an unfinished statue of the Great Elector and
a large fountain with 45 statuettes, said to be portraits of the first
French refugees who settled here. The Holzmarkt is adorned with
a bronze statue of Dr. Herz»

The town is indebted for its regular construction to a fire in
1706, which destroyed most of the houses , and for its prosperity

SCHWEINFÜRT. 17. BouU. 71

to French Protestants, who, being exiled from their country in con-
sequence of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685) , trans-
ferred their industrial pursuits hither, and also to German Protes-
tants who took refuge here when the French devastated the Pala-
tinate. Part of the town-walls has been removed to make way for
the railway-station. The beer of Erlangen is in high repute. — The
BaUuberg, an outlying spur of the Franoonian Jura, affords sev-
eral pleasant walks ; at Whitsuntide a large church-fair is held at
its base.

The line crosses the Ludwigs Canal, and beyond stat. Vaeh
unites with the Würzburg railway (see p. 59) ; to the right rises
the Alte Feste (p. 59). The Begnitz is then crossed; fine view of
Fürth to the left. 217 M. Furthy and thence by Doos to (222 M.)
Huremberg, see p. 59.

17. From Wtrzbarg to Bamberg. Kissingen.

Railway to (62 M.) Bamberg in 2-3V2 brs. From Schweinfurt to
Kissingen, see p. 12.

Beyond (ÖM.) Bottendorf (^. 58), junction for Nuremberg, the

line turns towards the N.E. 10^2 ^> SeUgenstadt ; 14 M. Bergt-

heim (376 ft. above Würzburg, 257 ft. above Schweinfurt); 17 M.

Esilehen; 20 M. WeigoUhausenj where the direct line to Gemünden

(p. 54) diverges (to the left the lunatic asylum of WemecW) ; 23 M.

Bergrheinfeld, — 261/2 M. Obexndorf-Sehweinfiirt (Bail, Bestau-

rant), junction for the Qemünden (p. 54), and Kissingen and Mei-

ningen lines (see below).

About 2 M. to the S.B. of Weigolshausen , in a pleasant and pictur-
esque situation on the Main, lies Lndwigabad Wipfeld (CvrAata, with
rooms), with sulphur-springs and peat-baths containing sulphur and min-
eral constituents. Omnibus from Schweinfurt railway-station in iV« hr. \
one-horse carr. from Weigolshausen or Seligenstadt 4Vs m.

28 M. Schweintnrt (*Babej *Deut8che9 Haus; * Krone, nearest
the old station ; Anker ; LoxDe), with 12,660 inhab. , once a free town
of the Empire. The handsome Bathhaus dates from 1570, the Jo-
hanniikirche from the 13th cent. ; both have recently been restored.
The Qymnaswm, or grammar-school, was founded in 1631 by
Gustavus Adolphus , whilst master of the town ; in 1881 it was
transferred to a handsome new building to the N. of the town.
Machine-works, dye-works, and manufactories of sugar, etc., flourish
here. The poet Bückeri was born in the Rückert-Str. at Schwein-
furt in 1788. A pleasant walk may be taken to the chief reservoir
of the water- works , which commands a fine view of the town and
environs.

The line now follows the Main. On the hill to the left is the
chateau of Mainherg. Stations Schonungen, Oädheim, Ober-Theres.
To the left lies the old chateau of Therea, originally founded as a
palace of the Babenberg family in 900, converted into a monastery
in 1043, and dissolved in 1803; near it stands a modern chateau.

72 Monte 17 . KISSINGEN. From Würzburg

41^2 ^- Haisfart (PoMt), a small watering-place with walls and
handsome gateways , possesses a fine Gothic chapel , the *Marien'
CapdUy or Riiter-CapeUe, dating from the middle of the i5th cen-
tury and recently restored. On the exterior of the choir is a triple
series of armorial bearings of the illustrious families belonging to
an eoolesiastical brotherhood of nobles, founded in 1413, which
contributed to the expense of building the chapel (in all 248).
Others are carved on the pillars and on the vaulting in the interior.

Diligence from Hassfurt daily in 1 hr. to Königsberg ^ a sm^all town
in the Duchy of Coburg, with iOOO inhab., the birthplace of the cele-
brated mathematician Johatm Müller, surnamed Regiomontanus (d. 1476),
to whose memory a fountain was erected here in 1871.

To the left of (46 M.) Zeil^ another walled town, rues the ruined
fortress of Schmachteriberff, erected in 1438, destroyed by Albert of
Brandenburg in 1 552. On the left bank of the Main, opposite (50 M.)
Ebelsbachj lies the small town of Eltmann , commanded by the an-
cient watch-tower of the stronghold of Waldburg , erected a thou-
sand years ago. 54 M. Staffelbach; 58 M. Oberhaid. To the right
the towers of St. Michaers, the Altenburg, and finally the town of
Bamberg , with the four cathedral - towers , successively become
visible. The Main is then crossed.

62 M. Bamberg, see p. 65.

Fbom Schwbinfubt to Kissikobn.

14 M. Railway in 85 min. (to Heiningen, 46 M., in 3 <hrs.).

The railway diverges to the right from the Würzburg line at
Obemdorf-Schweinfurt (p. 71). 3^2 M. Oberwerm; 6M. Poppenr-
hausen; 8^2 M. Ebenhausen^ where the line to Meiningen (p. 74)
diverges. It then skirts wooded hills, passes the ruin ^t Boden-
laube (a favourite excursion from Kissingen), and enters the valley
in which this famous ^Bad' is situated.

14 M. Kissingen (comp. Plan^ p. 67). — Hotels. ^Oürhaus (PI. 4),
with bath« \ *H6tbl dk Büssik (PI. a) •, ♦Hötbl Victoria (PI. b) \ *Höt«l
Kaiser (PI. c), all adjoining the Gurgarten; ^Savnsb (PI. d), in an open
situation; 'Englischer Hof (PI. e), in the town. — Holzmann (PI- i)j
Schmitt (PI. k), both on the opposite bank of the Saale; Zapf (PI. 1), at the
station, these three moderate. — Second class: Wittslsbaohsr Hof
(PI. f ), Prbussischbr Hof (PI. h), Post (PI. g), all in the town, and open
in winter also. — Hotels Cl-arnis: 0. Hering jun. (PI, m), Dr. Dirvf^ Villa
Vier Jahreszeiten^ Villa Ältenberg^ Villa Martin^ Villa Diana, Villja Mon-
Injou, Br4tun (PI. t), all prettily sitaated on the right bank of the Saale.
In the town : Frau von Balling, QaeUchenberger, with gardens ; Hailmann,
adjoining the Curgarten; Rieger, Fleischmann, Villa Krampf, these three
in the Kurhaus-Str. The following are more moderate: Richter, D. Vay,
Gleittner , Fiiritenhatu, beyond the Saale ; Will, Bergmann , in the town. —
Restaurant Federbeck; Frühlingsgarten; Wiener Cafi, on the right bank of
the Saale^ wine at Ziegler^s and Dauch''s, in the market.

Carria^^e with two horses to the salt-baths lV2«i-, to Bocklet 5, BrUckenau
16 m. ; with one horse one-third less, t'or short drives in the town and
environs there are fiacres with a fixed tariff.

Reading Kooms at the Curhaus (gratis) and at the Casino by the Actien-
Badhaus (adm. for non-subscribers 60 pf.); also Hailmann''s, by the Cur-
garten (per week 2V2) per month 6 m.).

to Bamberg. KISSINGEN. 1.7. Route. 73

Theatre (PI. 13), performanees daily during the season.

Tax payable by patients whose stay exceeds a week : 30 m. for the
head of a family, and 10 m. for each additional person, or 20 and 6 m.,
or 10 and 8 m. respectively, according to the rank of the parties. Children
under, fifteen and serrants pay one<half less.

Baths at the Curhaus and at the new Actien-Badhaus (see below).
Bathing-hours 10-1 a.m. and 3-6 p.m.

Kissingen (643 ft.), the most frequented 'Bad' in Bavaria (4150
inhab.), is picturesquely situated in the valley of the Franconian
Saale J and surrounded by wooded mountains. The healing properties
of the waters were known as early äs the 16th cent., and the Prince
Bishops of Würzburg took the place under their protection. At the
-beginning of the present century , however, Kissingen was still a
small, unimportant village. The growing repute of the springs and
Increasing number of visitors have rapidly converted the place into
a handsome and well-built town. It is now visited by about 10,000
patients annually , many of whom are English and Russians.

The extensive Cnrgatten between the Curhaus and Cursaalj
-the principal promenade, is embellished with a Hygieia who Imparts
to the Rakoczy and Pandar their healing influence , and a statue of
King Maximilian U., both in marble, by Arnold, a native of the
place. On the S. side are the most important drinking-springs, the
Rakoety (300,000 bottles of which are annually exported) and the
Pandury a powerful salt-water impregnated with iron, and also used
for baths; on the N. side is the Maxhrunnen, resembling Selters
water. From 6 to 8 a.m., the hour for drinking the waters, the Cur-
garten presents a lively scene , and a band plays in fine weather.
After 8 it is deserted until the afternoon. From 6 to 7 p. m. the
band again plays, and the fashionable world re-assembles.

Opposite the garden , on the right bank of the Saale , stands the
Aetien-BadhauB (PI. 1) , a large edifice of one story, built of red
sandstone, with two wings (left, baths for ladies ; right, for gentle-
men), and an engine-house in the centre. Adjacent is the new
Casino, with a reading-room and restaurant. — A tablet on the
house of Dr. Diruf, on the right bank , commemorates the at-
tempted assassination of Prince Bismarck in 1874.

Pretty walk, through the Von der Tannen-Strasse and over the
Stationsberg, to the ruins of (20 min.) Bodenlaube (p. 72), the S.
tower of which dates probably from the Roman era. We may return
by the footpath leading through Unterbodenlaube , with an inter-
esting old lime-tree. Other well-kept walks lead to the Altenberg,
he Staffelsberg (fine view from the Ludwig Tower), the Wichtels-
ohlen , the Cascadenthal and Altenburger Haus, the Claushof, etc.

During the German war of 1866 Kissingen was the scene of several
well -contested engagements between the Prussians and Bavarians. The
latter were, however, eventually obliged to yield. Considerable damage
was done to several of the principal buildings, to the no small conster-
nation of the visitors. A few bullet-marks may still be observed on the
houses on the farther bank of the Saale. Kcar the cemetery, V^ ^- from
the Curhaus, is a handsome monument in memory of the fallen.

74 BouUlT. BOOKLET.

The Saline Springs with the extensive evaporating-sheds are
situated on the Saale j about 11/2 ^- ^ ^^^ ^* > ^^^ ^^ reached by
walks on both banks of the stream. An omnibus runs to the springs
every 40 min. (fare 30, return-fare 50 pf.), and small steamboats
on the Saale, starting above the stone-bridge, also ply thither. A
handsome bath-house (Salintnbad) has been erected over the
* Artesian Well, which is 330 ft. in depth (containing two per cent
of salt ; temperature 67^ Fahr.) and frequently rises to a height of
10 ft. in its covered reservoir. A statue of Prince Bismarck has

been set up in the vicinity.

At the village of Hausen . 1 M. farther up the Saale , ib the BehSn-
bomupmdel, a shaft upwards of 2000 ft. in depth , by which it was in-
tended to reach an extensive stratum of salt. The work hu, however,
been given up , as it proved prejudicial to the other mineral springs at
Kissingen. A square tower, 100 ft. in height , rises over the shaft and is
open to visitors from 4 to 6 p.m.

BoeUet, another watering-place with powerful chalybeate springs

and mud-baths, quieter and less expensive than Kissingen, is pret-
tily situated on the Saale, 3 M. above Hausen, Rooms may be ob-
tained at the CurAau«, in *8ehlerttKs Hotel , and in numerous pri-
vate houses. Pleasant grounds with fine old trees.

*'8c1i1ms Aadhaeh, on the Saale, Va II* to the S. of BocUet, restored in
the mediaeval style, contains a collection of old goblets, carving, and
other curiosities (fee lV2-2m. for a party)« — Another attractive excursion
may be made through the Saalethal to (o M.) Neustadt (see below).

Brüekenan (Bairischer Hof; Sehloss Hotel ; Post ; Sinnthalhof),
to which a diligence runs daily firom Kissingen in 6 hrs. , the
third of these Franconian baths, is pleasantly situated in the grassy
valley of the Sinn , enclosed by wooded mountains. The Curhaus

and handsome Cursaal are 2 M. from the village.

Beautiful excursions in the neighbourhood. The ascent of the Xreni-
berg (2750 ft.), the highest of the Rhön Mts.y crowned with a Franciscan
monastery, is recommended (to the N.E., 4 hrs.). As far as C^^/t hrs.) Wild-
ßecken the Sinn is followed; thence to the top (with guide) in IV« hr.
Extensive view of N. Franconia as far as the Fichtelgebirge, and W. as
far as the Taunus. The hills around Würzburg and the Steieerwald in-
tercept the view towards the S.; to the K. the chain of the Thuringian
Forest and the heights above Fulda.

JoMa, a station on the Fulda and Oemünden railway (p. 66), is
reached by diligence from Brückenau (thrice daily) in 2*74 hrs.

Fbom Kissingen to Heininoek, 46 M., railway in 3 hrs. Beyond ^6«»-
hausen (p. 72), the first station, the line diverges to the left from the
Schweinmrt railway, and leads Dy Rottershausen to (18 M.) Xünneratadt
(* Frönkiseher Hof), a small town on the Lauer ^ with an interesting
church in the transition style. 21 H. Jfiederlauer, — 24 H. Nonstadt ( * Gold-
ner Jfann)^ an antiquated town charmingly situated on the Saale. Kear
it (*/4 M.) is the * Saltburg, an ancient palace said to have been built by
Charlemagne and now one of the largest and most picturesque ruins
in Germany. At the foot of the hill lie the baths of ITeuhaus, with saline
springs impregnated with carbonic acid.

[Frok l^ECSTAOT TO BiscHOFBHSiM , 12 M., rsilway in IV2 hr. The
line traverses the wooded Brendthal, passing Brendlorenren (with a vener-
able church, said to have been erected by King Carloman in 770), Sehönau,
Sind Weg/urt. Bischofaheim (Stem; Löwe) 'vor der Rhön*, an ancient town
with 1450 inhab., lies at the N. foot of the Kreuxberff (see above), which
may be ascended hence via Hasselbaeh in IV2-2 hrs.]

BAIBEÜTH. 18, RouU. 75

A short way beyond Keustadt the line quits the valley of the Saale
and turns to the left into that of the Streu. It passes stations Unsleben
and MAWiehttadty a small town with an old church disfigured by resto-
ration, crosses, at (39 M.) RentwerUhaiuen ^ the low watershed between
the Saale and the Werra, and descends to (41 M.) Rit^henhoMUn and
(48Vs M.) Meiningen (see Baedeker*» N. Oermany).

From Kissingen to Gemünden via ffammelburg, see p. 56.

18. From Neuenmarkt to Weiden. The Fichtelgebirge.

49 H. Eailway to Baireuth, 28-40 min.; from Baireuth to Weiden, l*/?-
2 hrs. Express from Baireuth to Munich oVs hrs.

Neuenmarkt y see p. 64. The railway turns to the S., tra-
versing the broad valley of tlie Rothe Main as far as (111 M.)
Trebgcut, It then runs through a narrow valley , which afterwards
expands, to (114 M.) Harsdorf and (II8V2 M.) Bindlach. Near Bai-
reuth extensive meadows are traversed. Avenues of poplars on the
left, and the Wagner Theatre and the extensive lunatic asylum of the
district on the right are conspicuous objects. The suburb of St,
Georgen is passed. At the station is a large cotton-factory.

121 M. Baireuth. — Hotel«. *Sonne, Bichard-Wagner43tr.; «Ankeb,
Opern-Str. i ^Bbich8AX>lbe , Mazimilian-Str. ; Schwarzes Bobs, Ludwigs-
Str., unpretending.

Bestaurants . Angermannj Kanzlei-Str. (beer); Beneker, Sehierhaum^
Maximilian-Str. (wine).

Baths. B<»d Mosmau; Fvnk; Städtische Bade- und Sekwimmanstalt, all
in the Ziegelgasse.

Poat Offtee, at the railway-station. — Telegraph Office, Markt 80.

Oaba. Per drive in the town (V4 hr.), with one horse, 1-2 pers. 40,
3-4 pers. 60 pf. ; with two horses 50 or 75 pf. To the Wagner Theatre
and the Biirgerreuth , with one horse 2, with two horses 3 m.; to Boll-
wenzelei, Oberkonnersreuth, or Oeigenreuth (a chalet adjoining the Phan-
tasie Park) 2 or 3 m.; to the Eremitage 3 m., with two horses 4-5 m. ;
to the Phantasie, 4-6 m. Gratuities included in these fares.

Baireuth (1180 ft.), with 23,631 inhab. (3300 Rom. Cath.), the
capital of Upper Franconia , was the residence of the Margraves of
Brandenburg-Gulmbach from 1603 to 1769, and is indebted for its
present handsome appearance mainly to Margrave Christian (d. 1655),
who transferred his seat from Oulmbach hither , to George William
(d. 1726), and to Frederick (d. 1763), husband of the talented sister
of Frederick the Great. Under the last-named prince numerous
large and handsome buildings were erected. The Baireuth line be-
came extinct in 1769, and the principality fell to the Ansbach
family. Margrave Alexander ceded his rights to Prussia in 1791 ; in
1806-10 the principality was under the French sway, and has since
belonged to Bavaria. Most of the buildings are comparatively mod-
em , few having survived the devastation occasioned by the siege
of the Hussites in 1430, and a conflagration in 1621.

The Old Palace (PI. 1), begun in 1454, burned down in 1758,
and soon after rebuUt, is now occupied by public offices. The lofty
octagonal Tower, erected in 1603, with a noteworthy double spiral
staircase , affords a good survey of the environs (key kept by the

76 Route 18. BAIREUTH. From Neuenmarkt

sacristan, RicTiard- Wagner- Str. 291; fee 30 pf.). The Palace
Church is Roman Catholic. In front of the Palace stands a Statue
of Maximilian II. in bronze, erected on the 50th anniversary of the
incorporation of the principality with the kingdom of Bavaria.

The New Palace (PI. 2), now fitted np as a royal residence , was
erected by Margrave Frederick in 1753. The Palace Garden and
Park serve as public promenades. At the extremity, on the right, is
a drill-aground. The large Fountain in front of the Palace, formerly
in the court of the old Residence , bears an equestrian Statue of
Margrave Christian Ernest (d. 1712), a marshal in the imperial ser-
vice, erected in 1700. The four river-gods in sandstone at the foot
of the pedestal represent the four rivers (Main, Naab, Saale , Eger)
which rise in the .Fichtelgebirge, and '•quatuor orbis ad partes
ruunt\ — On the S. side of the Schlossplatz is. the Gym/nasium; in
front of it stands Schwanthaler's Statue of Jean Paul Richter (d.
1825; PI. 3), whose house in the Friedrichs - Strasse is indicated
by an inscription. He and his son are buried in the Cemetery to the
W. of the town, the grave being marked by a huge block of granite.

The Gothic Stadtpfarrkirche (Prot. ; PL 4), began in 1439, con-
tains several pictures by Riedel, a native of Baireuth. Beneath the
church is the Fürstengruft , in which mögt of the princes from the
17th to the 18th cent, are interred. — The spacious Opera House
(PI. 5), erected by the Margrave Frederick in 1747 in a very
sumptuous style, has recently undergone a thorough renovation.

Near the old palace is the tasteful little Renaissance structure
occupied by the Harmonie Society. — The principal street is em-
bellished with several fountains. Many of the houses possess
handsome oriel windows. — The House of Richard Wagner ^ Richard-
Wagner-Strasse 2831/2, huilt in 1873-74 by Wolfle, bears the in-
scription : 'Hier wo mein Wahnen Frieden fand , Wahnfried sei
dieses Haus von mir benannt'. Above is a sgraffito drawing by
Ktausse , representing Wotan as a wanderer. Wagner (d. 1883)
is buried in the garden. — In the Roman Catholic Cemetery is
the grave of Franz Liszt (d. 1886).

To the N. of the town , about 1/2 ^' ^^^^ ^^^ station, is the
Bürgerreuthf a restaurant which commands . a fine view of Bamberg
and the environs. The singularly-shaped peak towards the E.äs the
Rauhe Kulm near Neustadt. Above Baireuth rises the Sophienberg
(or Kulmherg) ; farther to the right are the Lindenhardt and Yols-
bach forests , the spurs of the Franconian Jura. Oti the hill near
the Biirgerreuth stands the Theatre , erected for the performance
of Richard Wagner^s operas ; the 'Nibelungenring' was brought out
here in 1876 and 'Parsifal' in 1882. The Bürgerreuth is over-top-
ped on the N. by the Hohe Warte y on which rises the Siegesthurm
in memory, of the war of 1870-71, commanding an extensive view.

St. Georgen, commonly called the ^ Brandenburg er\ situated on
a rising ground to the N.£. , is a suburb of Baireuth , founded by

to Weiden. lABBEÜTH. IS. Route, 77

Margr. George William at the beginning of the 18th century. The
road to St. Georgen passes through a tunnel below the railway,
beyond ^hich , on the left , stands the large Cotton Factory men-
tioned at p. 75. The road here divides, the branch to the right, flank-
ed "With handsome modern houses and fine maple and chestnut
trees, leading to St. Georgen. The linden avenue to the left, planted
in 1723, passes a large spinning-mill (left), the new District Prison
(right) , and the St, Georgen Reformatory (left) , and reaches the
Military Hospital, erected as the chapter-house of the knights of an
^Ordre de la Sinciriti* , instituted in 1712 by the Margr. George
William. The meetings of the order were held in the church of St
Georgen, built in 1705-18. The balustrade of the choir is adorned
with the arms of the knights down to 1767. — At the other end of
the principal street is the Church of Qravenreuth,

The Eremitage^ 3 H. to the E. of Baireuth, a chateau with gardens,
fountains, srtiäcial ruins, etc. , was erected by- George William in 1715.
It contains a number of family-portraits , including Frederick the Great,
as a child,- and as king, and his sister the Margravine Wilhelmine;
nmong those in the lower part of the Schloss is that of the Countess
Orlamiinde (the *White Lady", p. 64). 'In the vicinity is the * Grosse
Bassin,** an itaitation of that at Versailles, surrounded by a temple of the
Sun and its two detached wiags. The fantastic construction of these
buildings, the walls of which are inlaid with coloured stones, rock-cry-
stal , etc. , is curious. The interior of the temple is sumptuously fitted
up, and contains handsonj^e columns of striped marble. Between the
chateau itself and the buildings occupied by the courtiers (now a restau-
rant) is a pretty garden. Adjacent are the Roman theatre and the large
water-tower, containing about 1000 gallons of water for the fountains. The
water- works play on Sunday at 5 p.m. (adm. gratis) and may be seen at
other times for a fee of 2 m.

About halfway to the Eremitage is a small inn, called RollwenzeVs
Hans, with a room where Jean Paul Richter used to write, containing
some memorials of him.

The Phantasie, a chateau 4 M. to the W. of Baireuth, tastefully fitted
up, was built in 1758; and from 1828 to 1881 it was in the possession of
Duke Alex, of Wurtemberg (d. 1881). The chiteau is charmingly situated
on the brow of a richly wooded hill, near the village of Eckersdorf. The
gardens and park, with bath-house, pheasantry, fountains, etc., are kept
in excellent order. The grounds attract numerous visitors from Baireuth
i"* Hotel Fantaisie, by the park). -^ In the vicinity is 8t. Qilgenherg, a lunatic
asylum, prettily situated.

Eckersdorf lies on the direct route- to the Franconian Switzerland
(diligence daily in 4 hrs. to Waischenfeld., p. 83). A pleasanter route
for pedestrians is by Mistelgau , Glashütten, Volsbach, and Kirchahom to
Rabenstein (p. 83) in 4-5 hrs.

To the left, as Baireuth is quitted, are St. Georgen and the Ere-
mitage, to the right wooded hills. 18 M. Stockau; 2072 M. 8ey^
bothenreuth; 25 M. Kirchenlaibach (junction for the Nuremberg
and Eger Railway, p. 96). — 29 M. Kemnaih-Neustadt ; on the right
the Rauhe Kulm (see above), on the left the S. spurs of the Fich-
teigeblrge. Farther up the valley of the Heide-Nah are (32 M.)
Trahitz, (36 M.) fVewatÄ, (3972^.) Schwarzenlach ; thfence through
extensive pine-forests ( Pairk^teiner and Maniler Wald) to (41/2 M.)
Parksteinhütten and (49 M.) Weiden (p. 119).

78 Route 18. BERNEOK.

The Fichtelgebirge.

■ See Map^ p. 77.

DiLxoxNCS once daily from Baireuth to (9V2 M.) Bemeek in 2 brs.
From 8tat. Marki-Schorgcut (p. 63) to (4 M.) Berneck omniboa twice daily in
40 min. — From Bemeck through the OoldmühUhal (vallev of the Weisse
Main) to BischofsgrUn^ diligence daily in 1*/« hr. (carr. 6-o m., incl. fee).
Then on foot over the Ochsenkopf and Schneeberg to Weieeenetadt in 6 hrs.
— On foot to the summit of the Waldetein and back (2V2 hrs.); from
Weissenstadt by Wunsiedel to the Alexandersbad by carr. in 2 hrs. ; as-
cend the Luisenburg with guide, and return to Wunsiedel (3 hrs.). From
Wunsiedel by train in 10 min. to Holenbrwm^ on the Fichtelgebirge Bail-
way, p. 118. — Two-horse carriage from Balreuth to Alexandersbad by
Bemeck, Bischofsgrün, Weissenstadt, and Wunsiedel in 8-9 hrs., 20 m. —
Guides may now usually be dispensed with by the experienced, owing to
the exertions of the German Alpine Club and local associations in making
paths and providing finger-posts. The following are recommended (4-5 m.
per day): Dittmar at Weissenstadt, Oeorg Bauer at Wunsiedel, Timpert at
Alexandersbad, and the Gottfrieds at Bischofsgrün.

Bairtuih, see p. 75. The road leads through 8U Georgen (p. 76)
to (3 M.) Bmdlcuih (p. 7Ö), where it begins to ascend, affording a
fine retrospect of Balreuth. Near Berneck we cross the Weisse Main,

91/2 M. Berneck (1280 ft.; *Lowe; ^Hirsch; Post; Stadt Bay-
reuth ; restaurants of Bu&e, with rooms to let, and Schmidt; or apply
for rooms to Hr. Korbitz, the apothecary), most picturesquely situat-
ed in a narrow valley watered by the Oeisnitz, is a favourite summer-
resort. A new CurhauSj with reading-room, music-room, and restau-
rant, has been erected in the principal street, beyond the post-office.
There is also a Colonnade on the bank of the Oelsnltz, at the foot
of the Schlossberg, where a band plays several times a week.
A tax of 5 m. is exacted from visitors who stay more than four
days. On the precipitous hill above the town are the ruins of two
castles of Berneck and of a chapel. A pleasant path along the Oels-
nltz , gradually ascending the wooded hill, leads in 20 min. to the
* Obere Burg (1548 ft), a castle destroyed by the Hussites in 1430.
Over the gate are the arms of Its former proprietors, the barons of
Walenrode. According to an Inscription the chapel was erected
in 1480. Fine view from the castle ; still finer from the Engels-
burg , 10 min. farther on.

Another beautiful excursion Is to the ruined castle of Stemy
romantically situated in the valley of the Oelsnltz , 3/4 hr. from
Berneck. From Stein we may continue our walk through the
valleys of the Oelsnltz and the Lübnttz; by the ruin of Orunstein
to (3/4 hr.) Oe frees (p. 63). — Pearl - mussels are found In the
Oelsnltz and neighbouring brooks in June and July, and about 200
pearls are obtained annually. The pearl-fishery is the property of
the Crown,

Omnibus from Bemeck to M arkt-Schorgast and Bischofsgrün, see above.
— A two-horse carr. may be hired for 12-15 m, a dav, or 6-8 m. for half a day,
incl. gratuity. — ffimmelkron, mentioned at p. 64, lies 47« M, to the W.

The new road by Ooldmiihl to (9 M.) Bischofsgrun crosses the
Oelsnltz (on the slope the arboretum Bluehersruhe, with its bei-

BISCHOFSGRÜN. 18. RouU. 79

yedere), and then leads to the left into the *OoldmühUhal, or yalley
of the Weisse MaUiy which it follows as far as the QlasenmuHU (see
below), passing a chalybeate spring Y2^- before reaching Bischofs-
grün. The shorter, but less interesting footpath leads along the £.
side of the valley, at first ascending rapidly, then generally level
and through wood , passing (3/4 hr.) Barewreut (1700 ft.). It then
partly follows the road to (IV4 hr.) Wilfersrevit (2296 ft.), where
it descends by the Weisse Main to the GlasenmuhU (1952 ft),
finally ascending again to (1 hr.) Bifohofigrnn (2225 ft. ; Schmidt;
PuehUer), a village conspicuously situated at the N. base of the
Ochsenkopf, with large manufactories of coloured glass.

The Oehienkopf (3363 ft.) is ascended in 1 hr. (guide not indis-
pen8al>le , ascent of the Ochsenkopf 2 m., Ochsenkopf and Schnee-
berg 4 m.). The path leads through wood the whole way, and except
at one place , the ascent is gradual. At the top the path traverses
blocks of granite and passes the Sehneeloch, a deep hollow where
snow lies till June. From the Dreiadelsfelsen and the tablet with
the ox's head we gain, an extl^nsive view of the Fichtelgebirge,
Franconian Switzerland, etc., Including the Thuringian Forest on
the N.W.

The route by Warmeiuteinach to Bischofflgrün and the Ochaenkopf 1«
2 bra. longer tban the above, but la preferable. The road qaits the valley
of the Main beyond Groldmühl, and ascends to the right in the valley of the
Zoppateribaeh to (20 min.) Brandholz, The antimony, lead, and -silver
mines once worked extensively here , as numerous heaps of rubbish still
tesiifj, are now quite exhausted. From this point in l*/4 hr. to Waimen-
■teinach (2065 ft. \ Lindner*» Inn), a charmingly-situated village. The wood-
covered houses lie scattered along the slopes of the upper valley of the
Sieiwtch, The manufacture of glass articles and the polishing of plate-
glass are the chief occupations of the inhabitants.

A road leads hence through the Zdchle (or MoosbachtJtal) ^ a romantic
wooded ravine, to Orcusemann (2405 ft.; the innkeeper Ordnung recom-
mended as a guide to the Ochsenkopf and the environs) , situated on an
open plateau. Thence either to Bischofsgrün (3*/4 M.) by a good road
which cannot be mistaken, or direct to the summit of the OcA<enifcop/ (path
indicated by white marks ; guide not necessary).

The descent from the Ochsenkopf should be made towards the E.,
by the saddle which connects the Ochsenkopf and Schneeberg:
20 min. , Souree of the Main {Weissmainquelle ; 2910 ft.), an ex-
cellent spring , the. only one for a long distance (benches ; inscrip-
tion); 10 mln., the Weissmainsfelsen (8060 ft), a group of rocks
recently rendered accessible, affording a fine view of the Schneeberg
and Nusshard, and towards the S. The Bischofsgrün and Fichtelberg
road, in the valley which separates the Schneeberg from the' Ochsen-
kopf, is now followed to (^/i M.) Weissmain -Hochofen or Karehes
(2410 ft ; beer). The wood is here entered to the left, and after an
ascent of 1 hr. the *Nusshard (3190 ft), a group of huge blocks of
granite rendered accessible by steps, is reached. The round hollows on
the top of the rock are locally termed 'plates and dishes'. The Q/2 hr.)
Sclmeeberg (3454 ft.) is surmounted by a group of rocks, 30 ft. in
height, termed the Boffkofele ('oven'), the summit of which is

80 Route la. WKISSENSTADT.

attained by means of a ladder.' On the top is a but built by the
German Alpine Club. *View unbounded, except on the S.W. by the
Ochsenkopf: S.E.the long Kosseine, to the left the Luisenburg; N.E.
the Erzgebirge in the distance ; N. the Rudolfstein , Weissenstadt,
and the Waldstein; N.W. the Thuringian Mts. and the Gleichberge.

Then a descent of 40min.to the'Drei Brüder' (2736 ft), three lofty
groups of granite slabs, of which that in the middle resembles a wolf;
7 min., the *Bndolfliteiii (2848 ft.), a huge and imposing group of
granite rocks, the summit of which is reached by steps, commanding
a superb Tiew, with more picturesque foreground to the N. than
from the Ochsenkopf or Schneeberg. The granite slabs are rounded
by the action of the rain. A farther descent of ^/^^t, through wood,
passing the Staff-Reizenstein monument, brings us to the plain, in
which Weissenstadt lies 1^2^* father on. Several rock cellars are
seen on the left, before the Eger is crossed.

WeisBenBtadt (2070 ft.; Reichsadler, or Posf), a small town
rebuilt since a üre in 1823, lies in a somewhat marshy valley, on
the Eger, which rises 6 M. to the S.W. Ackermann's stone-
polishing establishment enjoys a high reputation.

The ^Grosse Waldstein (2886 ft) may be ascended from Weissenstadt
ia 1 hr. (without guide). By the barns on the N. side of Weissenstadt,
the path diverges from the Kirchenlamitz road to the left and leads into
the wood as &r as a (3/4 hr.) direction - post on the left, *zum Wald-
8tein\ The summit of the rock is attained in 1/4 hr. more. The Wald-
stein is another group of granite rockB made accessible by paths and steps,
surmounted by a glass pavilion commanding an extensive and picturesque
"Panorama, with wooded foreground. The castle of Waldsteinj of which
fragments remain, a robbers' stronghold, was destroyed by the Swabian
League in 1523. In the neighbourhood is the finely situated Waldstein
Hospice ('Inn). — We may now descend to the Source 0/ the Saale (2312 ft.),
either direct by the Bären/ang (path pointed out by the forester) in i^ hr.,
or by (Vs hr.) Zell (2Q20 ft), 11/2 M. to the "N. of the spring: 2 H. farther
on the Crefrees and Weissenstadt road is reached. From Zell to Milnchberg
(rail, stot., p. 68), 2 hra.

An unmistakeable path, diverging to the left from the Weissenstadt
road at the clearing, leads from the Waldstein to the (1^4 hr.) Eppreoht-
stein 0^600 ft.), with a ruined castle commanding a beautiful view \ thence
by Buchhaus (refreshm.) or direct to p/4 hr.) Kirchenlamitz CL'owe -, Adler),
which lies IV2 M. from the Stat, p. 118.

The shadeless road from Weissenstadt to (6^/4 M.) Wunsiedel is
not recommended to walkers. Two -horse carr. to Alexandersbad
in V/z^T,') 7-8 m.; diligence to Roslau (p. 118) twice daily in

V4 I»-
Wunsiedel (1755 ft. ; *Kronprinz; Einhorn, R. 1 m., B. 60 pt ;

Mutter's Restaurant ; one-horse carr. to Alexandersbad 3, two-horse

4 m. ; guide to the Kösseine and Luisenburg 3, to the Luisenburg

alone 2m.), a pleasant and well-built town on the R'osla or Ross*

lau, re-erected after a fire in 1834, was the birth-place of the novelist

Jean Paul Fred. Richter (p. 77), whose bust by Schwanthaler has

been placed in front of the house where he was born, adjoining the

church.

The Alexand^rBbad (1915 ft.; *Chalyheate Baths and Hydro-

^

STREITBERG. 19. BouU, 81

pathio Establishment ) the property of a company, D. 2^2 ™*«
ßötel Webetj D. 1 1/2 m.)) 2 M. to the N.E. of Wunsiedel, is named
after the last Margrave of Ansba<ih-Baireuth. The chalybeate springs,
impregnated with carbonic acid gas, and the pine-cone and mud-
baths, combined with the pleasant scenery, attract numerous visitors.

The *LuiMnburg (1962 ft.}, flo named after the visit of Queen J^ouisa
of Prussia in 1806, formerly called Lvxhurgy lies iVs M. to the W. of the
Alexandersbad ana 2 M. to the S. of Wunsiedel (guide from Alexanders
bad 1 m., to the EÖsselne 2 m. ; guide from Wunsiedel, see above). Those
who prefer exploring the rocks without a guide should in doubtful cases
follow the paths strewn with sand. The Luisenburg is, as it were, a
mountain in ruins. Huge masses of granite of fantastic form are piled
together in wild confusion , the resnlt of disintegration ; they are partly
overgrown with thick moss, interspersed with pines and bushesi and are
rendered accessible by steps, bridges, etc. At the entrance to the laby-
rinth is the OeselUchßfUhaiUj with a restaurant (2256 ft.).

This rocky labyrinth affords a beautiful walk, ascending in Vs ^t. to
the Bunde$$Uin or Kreuz. The finest point, however, is the *Burc«teiB
(2868 ft.), 20 min. farther, a group of rocks on the summit of the hill,
with a platform affording an unbounded view towards the K.E. and W.

The ^HabersUin (27% ft.), 1/4 hr. farther. Is another good point of
view. The * KftsMine (9064 ft.), i hr. from the Haberstein and IVa hr. from
Alexandersbad, commands the most beautiful and extensive view in the
Fiohtelgebirge, embracing the greater part of the Upper Palatinate towards
the S. (good water 10 min. below the summit on the E. side).

Railway in 10 min. from Wunsiedel to (21/4 M.) Holenbtunn
on the Fichtelgebirge Railway (p. 118).

19. Fränconian Switzerland.

The small hilly district digni&ed with this hardly appropriate titl«
(1600 ft. above the sea-level), with its pretty valleys watered by the WiesenU
and its wooded heights, forming the W. spurs of the Fichtelgebirge, and
situated yearly in the centre of a triangle formed by Nuremberg, Bamberg,
and Baireuth , is principally indebted for its reputation to its remarkable
Stalactits Gavbbns , containing remains of antediluvian animals , speci-
mens of which are preserved in almost every museum in Europe. Th6
limestone and dolomite rock-formations are also picturesque, occasionally
assuming the most grotesque shapes.

This district may be visited from Nuremberg in IV2-2 days. The finest
points are accessible to pedestrians only. The services of a guide (seldom
necessary) may generally be procured for 2-3 m. per day. Diligences ply
from Forchheim to Streitberg twice daily in summer, in 2V4 hrs.; to
Muggendorf, in 2*/4 hrs. ; from Huggendorf to Pottenstein via Behringers-
mühle and Qössweinsteln in 2^/« hrs., to Watchenfeld in 8 hrs.; from
Pottenstein to Pegnita (railway-station, aee p. 96), twice daily in l*/« hr.

From jPorcAA^im (railway-station ; seep. 70), the high-road (one-
horse carr. about 6 m.) leads through the pleasant Wiestntthal y by
Beut^ XJnterweilersbach (to the right are Kirchekmbach and Prets-
feld\ Russenbach, Ebermannstadty and Oasstldorf^ to ' —

10^/2 M. Streitberg (Jpu Weber's Kuranstalt, baths and whey-
cure, comfortable, recommended for a stay of some time^ R. 57^^
14 m. per week, D. 2 m. ; * Goldener Löwe, or Post, with garden,
moderate ; AdUr), a picturesquely situated village, frequented as a
summer-resort (visitors' tax 3 m., families 6 m.). A pretty walk
leads to the (^4 hr.) MuschelqueUe* Fine views may be enjoyed

Baedeksb's S. Germany. 6th Edit. Q

82 SouU IQ. MUGOEICDOEF. Franeonian

from thd (lOmtn.) ancient StnUburg and the (d/4hr.) ruin of Neu-
deck, which lies opposite. Still better points are the Hummer-
fteiriy 3/4 hr. to the W., on which is a refuge-hut (key at the inn
«t Gasaeldorf)^ and the QuekhuU , 1 hr. to the N.E. Pleasant ex-
cursiohs through the *Lange Thai and the ^Felsensehlueht* to the
(1 hr.) Sehöntieinhöhle , a grotto with fine stalactites (guide for
one pers. 1 m., for several 40 pf. each), and through the Leinleiter-
Thai tQ (1 hr.) Unterleinleiter^ with a fine park.

The road continues from Streitherg, on the right bank of the
Wiesent, to (2*72 M.) HnggendOrf (^Kurhaus ^ Hotel zur Frank-
ischen Si^hweiZy D. I72 n^*; *Stemj K. 1 m., D. 1 m. 40, B. 46 pf.;
Wolfsschluehty with reading-room ; Türkei; 8(mne; Schwan^ less
pretending; Kohlman*s Restaurant; Bo$enau, with pretty view),
prettily situated, and a good centre for excursions. (Christoph
Brendel is a good guide, fee 2 m. per day.) Shady promenades on
the opposite bank of the Wiesent

Below Huggendorf (I/3 hr.) is the RQsenmiUler''s HöhU^ the entrance to
which is visible to the left from the road (guide, usually at the cave,
and lights for 1-6 pers., 2 m.). It contains fine stalactites and fossil Temains
of animals. The OswaldshöMe (Vs hr.) may be visited also, if time permit.
Kear it are the Wundershöhle and Witzenhöhle. The latter is said to coatum
a heathen altar (?). The Kuppenburg^ near the Ros^nmiiller's Hohe, the
JBTohensteiny and the ^Bohe Wacht, above the OsWaldshdhle, are good points
of view. — The Wicheenetein, the l^ghest .point of the Franeonian SwUzer^
land, commanding an extensive panorama, may be ascended from Muggen-
dorf in Q'/shrs., via Windisch-Oailenreuth. In the Trubaehthal^ about SM.
to the S., is the plcturesi^ue ch&t0au of JS^doJ^eMn,

At Muggendorf the^road divides. The brahct to the right leads
through the Wiesentthal past (1 hr.) Burggailenreuih (p. 84 ; to
the right, on the hill), and the (1 hr.) Stempfermuhle (p. 84),
whence Oössweinstein^ on the height to the right, may be reached
In 3/4 hr., to (Vi^^O BehringersmoUe (*Post, R. 1 m. ; JSartmann),
a village much frequented as a summer-resort , on account of its
charming situation at the junction of the Gdssweinsteirier Thai, the
Schauderthal, the Ailsbachthal, and the Puttlachthal. The Pfaffen-
«(ejn, Y2 hr. to the W., commands a fine view. — The road to the
left crosses the hills towards the E. to (3 M.) Doos (see below).
From Doos a road leads to the right , just beyond Muggendorf,
to (2^4 M.) EngeUiardaberg (Wunder), i/2 M. from which rise the
bold Adlerstein and the Quakenachhssy a jagged grauwacke rock (re-*
turn in any case by Engelhardsberg). To the N.of the village rises
the (Y2 hr.) ^Riesehburg y a wild group of dolomite rocks rendered
accessible by paths and bridges (key at the village; adm, 60 pf.,
2 pers. 35 pf. each). Charming view of the *8chotter or Schauder-
Thal, sometimes called the Engelhardsherger Thai, one of the most
beautiful valleys in this district At the S. end , 8/4 hr. from the
Riesenburg, lies Behringerstotihle (see aliove). We descend into
this valley, through which the Wiesent flows, and, turning to the
left, In 1/4 hr. reach the Toos or Doos Inn (unpretending), where
a key of the Riesenburg is also kept.

Switzerland. GÖSSWEINaTEIN. IS. Rimte. 83

Here begins the picturesque Rahenecker Thal , -vratered by the
Wiesent^ and enclosed by dolomite rocks of most fantastic forms. The
trayellei quits the load (which goes on to Waischenfeld, 2^4 M.) at a
mill (I3/4 M.}, ascends past the partly preserved Burff Rabeneek to
the level hill-top, takes the path to the left by the wood, turning off
to the right after a few yards , and passing (25 min.) Sehonhof^
reaches (1/2 ^r«) B*irg Rabenstein (Inn), a pinnacled castle restored
in 1829, looking down upon the Ahomthal, 160 feet below. In the
latter, at the foot of the hill, lies the Neumühle (^Re^taur.).

The eustodian shows the remains of antediluvian animals found in
the caves, and conducts the visitor ta the (1/4 hr.) SophieahöU« or Raben-
stein Cavern, the most interesting in the district owing te the abun"
dance of the fossil bones and the perfection of 'the stalactites it contains.
An hour is required to explore it (fee 3.-4 m. ^ full illunuBation 9 m.;
inagnesiu wire 40 pf. extra). 'Th.e Ludwigshöhle on the opposite side of
the Ahomthal hardly merits a visit.

The traveller should, now cross the luill separating th« Ahornthal
and Wiesentthal to (1 hr.) Waischenfeld (Qorlj Hoffmann^ both in-
different) , pleasantly situated on the Wie&ent, and environed with
watch-towers and ruined castles.

The Förstershöhle (20 min, ; key at Gorl's Inn ; one pers. 1 m., each
additional visitor dOpf.) has a dome-shaped vault, and contains good stal-
actites. — Post-omnibus hence to Bairiuth (p. 75j, daily in 4'/* hrs. (2 ih;).

Pedestrians are recommended to walk back from Rabenstein via
(2^/2 his.) Gössweinstein to (2^/4 lire.) Muggendorf or (3 hrs.) Streit-
berg. Thus: from Rabenstein back towards ßthönhof for a few miir.,
then to the left by a footpath to Ober - Ailsfeld, whence we either
proceed past XJnter-AiUfeld and follow the footpatha (galde. useful)
through the pleasant but lonely valley of the Ailsbac^ to (2 hrs.)
Behringersmuhle (see above), equidistant (1 V2 ^0 fro^i Tüchßrsfeld
and Gössweinsteia; or beyond. Ober -Ailsf eld cross a hill, finally
skirt the wood, and descend to (I1/2 hr.) Tnehersfeld (Seiller), a
village most picturesquely situated on the Püttlach. A. carriage-road.
leads through the romantic valley of the lattei: to (4^2 M.) Fotten-
stein (Disller; Sckopff)., a prettily-situated little town, with a well-
preserved, castle. Diligence to Pegnitz, see p. 81.

A' picturesque expedition may be made through the romantic '^Schnt*.
terthal or KühlenfeUarth^ j past the ßchuttermUhh and £,lumjpermUMe (near
the former are the Grosse and Kleine Tet^e^slo.eh ^ two stalactite cavern8)r
to (47? M.). KühltnfeU. The rfäturn may be wade via Kirtihssi^vrkig to.
(4 M.) Pottenstein. — ^A road, passing a chapel which enjoys .a fine *^View,
leads from Pottenstein \o (4 H.) QöjBsweinsteln (see belowj.

At Tiicherafeld the road, mentioned above^ crosses the Püttlaeh^
and ascends rapidly to (1/2 ^'0 Gossweinst^in (*Di8tler, with gar-
den ; Amsehler)^ where there is a large pilgrimage-church adjoining-
a Franciscan monastery (good beer in the 'Bräustübl'), and *•
Sehloss. The last commands a *View of tiie greater part of the,
Franoonian Switzerland, including the valleys of the Ailsbaeh, Wie-,
sent , and Püttlach (in the latter Sehloss Pottenstein), which con*;
verge at Behringersmühle. The same prospect is enjoyed from the
Kreuz behind the church, and from th.e Wagnersh'öhe.

6*

84 BouU 20. NUREMBERG.

Ne»r Burggaüemteulh (p* 81^, 1 hr. from GK^aaweinateiii. Is situated the
Oftüenreuther Höhle, or Zoolitii Cavern (the forester at the castle acts as
guide; one pers. 1 m., each additional pers. 50 pf.), which has attained a
Europieaii celebrity in consequence of the investigations of Cuvier and other
eminent naturalists. It consists of three or four stories, one above the other,
each containing various chambers where numerous remains of bears, lions,
wolves, hysenas, etc., are still found. These wild beasts probably lived
in the caves to which they brought their prey, and where they afterwards
themselves died. There are several other caverns here of the same char-
acter, such as the Kappt-Höhle (difficult of access), containing beautiful
stalactites. Scientific men are strongly recommended to visit these inter-
esting, and instructive caves; the ordinary traveller will probably be
satisfied with the Sophienhöhle (p. 88)* — From Oailenreuth the tra-
veller returns to Muggendorf in IV4 hr. by Baumdor/ and through the
Wiesentthal.

Those who do not rlsit Burggailenreuth , descend from Goss-
weinstein through, the promenades in the public woods to (1^2 ^i"*)
the Stempfermuklt (Restaur.) and the Drei Quellen in the Wiesent-
thal» Thence to Muggendorf, 2 hrs., p. 82.

20. Hnremberg.

Hotels. *Bavabia8 Hotel (PI. a; G, 2), R. 2 m. and upwards, B. 1 m.,
B.Sm., L.AA.iVsm. ;Stkad8S(P1.c; D, 8), B.,L., dl; A. 3 m., B. Im. 20pf.,
D. 3 m.; *Gou>NSB Adlkb (EOt. Schient; PI. g; D, 2), B. & A. 2Yz-3 m.,
L. 40 pf., B. 1 m., D. 3 m.; *Wdbttemb£bo£r Hof (PI. d; D, 1), con-
veniently situated near the station, R. A A. 2^9 m., D. 8 m., B. 1 m.;
RoTHSB Hahn (PI. e ; D, 8), R. 2 m., B. 80 pf. ; * Wittjelsbaohbb Hof
(PI. f; D, 3), Ffannenschmiedsgasse, R. & A. 1 m. 70, B.SOpf.; Himmels-
LsiTSB, Karolinen-Str.; *Blacb Flasche (HOt. Marptard)y Hall-Platz;
Hebzoo Max. Rothes Kbevz, Nübnbebqeb Hof, in the König -Str.;
EiNHOBir, Breitegasse.

Reataaranta. * Stadtpark, Maxfeld (p. 96); * Wiener Restauratiim
(Bculinger), König-Str. 60; Wartburg, Weinmarkt; KrokodO, Weintrauben-
gasse; Mereur, Clars-Str.; Wentz, Oostenhofer Haupt-Str. 7, with garden.
— Wine. *Oiet*ingt Rathhausgasse 8; Seretei, Rathhausgasse i; *SeegitZj
Brunnengasse 48; *Po*tlMm (During), near the chapel of StJ Maurice;
Herrentrinketuhe, Lorenzergasse; Hatlinger, see above; *Herrenkeller (Föt-
tinger), Theatergasse 19 ; Trevheit, Spitalgasse 8 ; Zum Hans Sachs, Ebners-
gasse 10. — Beer. On the left bank of the Pegnitz : MohrenkeUer , near
St. Lawrence; *Wo^uelUueht, Johannesgasse 4; ßeheümann, Rosengasse«
On the right bank: * leistlein, near St. Sebaldus ; Albreeht Dürer, Dürer-
Platz; *Bratwurst-Olöekleiny at the back of the Moritzcapelle , a quaint
and characteristic little place, worth visiting.

Gafia. Zethnaier^ Ncris, both in the Kaiser -Str.; N<»ti<mal, in the
market; Mercw, Olara-Str.; Seharf, König -Str.; Royal, Pfannenschmied-
gasse. — lees : Eisenbeis, corner of König-Str. and Kaiser^Str. ; Scheuermann,
Schustergasse.

Newspaper« at the Museum (PI. 4; D. 2), near the Museumsbnicke. In-
troduction by a member; application may be made to Herr JSeinrieh Schräg,
bookseller, opposite the K. side of the church of St. Lawrence,

Baths. Ludwigsbad. Breitegasse 91 , at the Weisse Thurm ; Wildbad,
at the Schüttinsel, on the E. side of the town ; Max/eldbad, Martin-Richter-
Strasse.

Oaba. For V« hr. 1-2 pers. 50, 84 pers. 1 m. ; V« hr. 1 m. or IVs m.;
s/4 hr. IV2 or 2 m. ; 1 hr. 2 m. or 2V3 m* ; small articles of luggage free,
box 20 pf. — Porter into the town for luggage under 80 lbs. 90 pf. ; be-
tween 80 and 100 lbs. 70 pf.

Tramways from the station through the town and to Fürth (*U ^*y
20 pf.), to St. Jobst, from the church of St. Lawrence to Jhttxendteich
(20 min.; 20 pf.).

e^KM^N I SCH ES PftUSEU

EROGESCHOSS

O R -M

6 £ R Ml k n Ij S C H E S Nl USt U it
E RSTE R STO CK

stall Ton

ITa^ner AuXeb es , Leip zi|

Hiitory, NUREMBERG. SO. Route. 85

Post OflUet at the nilway-Btation, and in the Fünferhaui at the back
of the Bathhaus. — Telegraph OfllLoes at the station and in the Tuch-
haus a^oining the Frauenkirche.

Theatres. Btadt-Theater (PL D, 3), by the Lorenakirche. -^ Summer
Theatre at the Wittelsbaeher Hof, PfannenschmiedagasM.

Permanent Bzhibition of the Därer Association (modem pictures) in
the same building as the Telegraph Office, by the Frauenkirche, open on
week-days 11-3, Snn. 10-2; 80 pf. — Permanent Industrial Bzhibition in
the new Exhibition Buildings in the Harienthorgraben (PI. £, 3), always
open.

Shops. NuKKXBKRO Wabeb: Wahntehaffe^ in the Josephs-Plats, carved
wood of superior workmanship, not ezpensiTe; Leger, König -Str. 2;
(7. QusAI, Fleisehbrücke 2, etc. — Ixitations or ahoikrt Works of Art,
in clay (stoves), metal, papier-maeh^, and wood (furniture): FUiedrntamny
in an old patrician mansion in the Hirschelgasse; Bpuer^ in Peller''s house,
Aegidienberg (p. 96)» — Favot Abticlbs in wood, in the Renaissance
style (caskets, frames, etc.) : Sehmtd-lkder S Co., Hirschol-Str. 28. — Wood
Mosaic : Adethard, Flaschenhof-Str. 18. — Ivort Garvikg : Behi, Kaiser-Str.
37 ; Ziener A Ellenbergery Fiuiher-Str. 41. — Fakct Goods : /. O. Kvgler^
L. Döhier, K6nig-Str. — Stbbl Goods: LegJutuf^ König-Str. 16. >- Anti-
QÜITIB8: Piekert and Möeeel^ both in the Dürer-Plats; Oeuder, opposite the
Kathhaus; MeiHng, Karl -Str. 6; Benda^ Hintere Legergasse o; Roeech
is Zimmemumn^ Karl-Str.^2. — Photoobaphs of Paintings by Dürer and
other Nuremberg artists: H. Schräg and S. Soldan, booksellers, near the
church of St. Lawrence. — Lebkuehmi (a kind of gingerbread), a specialty
of Nuremberg , may be purchased of "MeUger, Josephs-Plats 6 and Rath-
hausgasse 6; ffäberlein, König-Str. 6 and Winkler- Str. 86; Ottenberger^
Ludwig-Str. 1 ; Zinn, at the Frauen Thor, etc.

Xnglish Ohnroh Borviee in summer at the Bavarian Hotel«

Pxiaoipal Attraetions : St Lawrence (p. 87), Frauenkirche , especially
the Portal (p. 88), Schöne Brunnen (p. 88), St. Sebaldus (p. 89), Burg
(p. 91), Germanic Kuseum (p. 93).

Kurembergy Germ. Nürnberg (1148 ft.), pop. 114,632, was an
Independent imperial town down to 1806 , since which it has be-
longed to Bavaria. There is probably no town in Germany whose
external appearance is still so medisval , or so well calculated to
convey an idea of the wealth , importance , and artistic taste of a

'City of the £mpire\

This town, which owes its origin to the ancient castle, is first men-
tioned in history in the year 1060. Early in the twelfth century it became
one of the free towns of the empire , and was often the residence of the
Emperors Henry IV. and Barbarossa, from whom, as well as from Frede-
rick II. (1219) and Louis the Bavarian (1314-47), it receiyed many valuable
pririleges. The government was originally vested in the patrician fami-
lies. These, however, were expelled by the civic guilds in 1348, but only
to return and obtain a firmer grasp of the reins of power in the following
year. The office of Burggrave, originally merely a deputy governing in the
name of the emperor, was first held by Frederick I. (d. 1218) of the Zol-
lern family under the Emp. Henry VI. These governors soon acquired
independent power, and in 1363 styled themselves ^Fürsten\ or princes;
but when , in 1415, Frederick VI. was invested by the Emp. Sigismund
with the margraviate of Brandenburg, they formally ceded the citadel to
the town (comp. p. 92). This gave rise to constant dissensions and bitter
feuds between the citieens and the margraves Albrecht Achilles (1449) and
Frederick (1502), but did not interfere with the continuous growth of the
prosperity of the town, which at the beginning of the sixteenth century
had become, next to Augsburg, the chief seat of the trade between Ger-
many, Venice, and the Bast. At this period, too, it attained its senith of
distinction in the sphere of art as well as of politics.

To this time belong most of the interesting old Pbivatb Dwellings,
which render Nuremberg so quaint and picturesque. The general ap-

86 RMM2a, NUBEMBBR&. Biitofi^

j^ewanee of these lofty- hottses^ With their faigfa^peaked gables, ift <}eftftinly
-of a medie&val type, but the articuliUiAii and oniAnieBtatioii are borrowed
from the Renaissance, and the careful and lavish decoration' of the
■courts in the ibtärior betirayA th^ same inftueace.

The zeal with which the art of Sudlptdbs wIm culttrated is wtitX
«KempUflM bv the numerous interesting figures Of saints and coats of
arms of the 14th-16th centuries» ob«erved on the house-frouts. One of th«
fibest, a statue of the Virgin, at HtMchelgaese 1906^ has often been aicribed
to an Italian artist, on aeeount of its beauty and delicacy Of fom. An*
other similar figure of Mary at the foot of the Gross, now in the Germanio
Museum (p. 94), ranks among the fiuest produefitfns of its time, but, like
the. preceding, is the work of an unknoTyn master.

At the head of the Nuremberg workers, in stonti stands Actath Krajßy
who flourished here after 1492, and died at Sohwabach in .1607. His prin-
pipal works are the Stations on the way to fft. John's Gemeteary, the taste*
ful tab«rnacle in Bt..LawreB<ie''«, and the reliefs -at the E^auenkin^e, 8t.
fiebalduskirche, and Aegidienkireb«. Of artists in wood the- chief is Yeii
ßUua (d. 1532), who also exercised his. craft in Polaud^ and may perh^fl
have been a Pole by birth (eomp..3ö9); hia iktf-A^qeuwre is in the church of
St. LawrQ)h<e.<p. 87). Both of these masters are^rmly rooted in. the tradi-
tions of medisBval art, and are of thoroughly consertutlre tendenciea. The
brass-founder Peter Yiseher <d. 1529), On the other hand, bre&thes; the spirit
of the Renaissance, and is endowed with a lively £ftB«y-and a- delieate sense
of form. His sons and Panera* Labenwol/ (d. 1563) also produced much
meritorious work. Adiong the specialities of Nuremberg art in the 16th
cent, were the cuUii^ of uiedals and goldsmiths' work, the ihost cele-
brated die-cutters being. Ludneig Krag .(at the beginning of the 16th cent.),
Peter Flötner (d. 1546), aud JSom Lebsinger ^ and the most renowned gold-
smiths Wetit^l Jamtätter C150&^), and his son-in-law VeaeuMn Maler,

Paintiso was sedulously cultivated as early as the 14th cent., as is
proved by .the altar-pieceS in the Frauenkirche. The Imhoff altar-piece
of the Coronation of the Virgin in the Ohuroh of St. Lawrence dates from
the first half of ttie 15th cent., and resembles the produetions of the Co-
logne school. Towards- the end of the same century JficJiael Wohlgemuth
(1S54-1519) was the most prominent of Nuremberg painters. In order to
understand the wide-spread ftime of the Nnreatnberg school we miist keep
in view that printing had recently been invented,' engendering a taste fbr
illustrated books, engravings, and wood-cuts; for the importance of Nurem-
berg art lies not so much in the products of the paint-brush as in the fan-
tastic but thoughtful creations embodied by means of the pencil and the
graver. The cbaraoteristib tendetocy to d^pth of thought and meaning shows
itself in the pictures of AlbrecM JDüref (14764528), a pupil of Wohlgemuth,
and the greatest painter whom Nuremberg has produced. Nuremberg itself,
however, now affords no satisfactory survey of his. fertile geniua; the
only certified examples of his brush in his native town are the ^Hercules'*
(a youthful work), portraits of Enip. Charlemagne and Emp. Sigismund
(freely retouched) , a Pieti, and replicas of the Four Temperaments (see
p. 142), all in the Germanic Mtneum. His best works are to be seen at
Vienna, Munich, and Berlin. None of Durer's pupils developed their activity
to any great extent in Nuremberg itself, where, indeed, painting rapidly
declined. On the other hand the artistic handicrufts,- such as the en-
graving of medals and the fabrication of artistic eabinets. flourished here
till far on in the 18th century, S.nd are now again practised with grow-
ing success.

The principles of the Reformation found favour . at Nuremberg as
early as i525, and in the -following year MelanchthOb founded the Gym-
nasium. The discovery of the sea-route to India somewhat impaired the
prosperity of thie town ; it suffered still more severely during the Thirty
Years' War, and during the 18th cent, its decline was accelerated by the
feebU rule of the patrician families. Since 1806, however, .when Nurem-
berg became a Bavarian city, it has prospered greatly, and it is now the
most important seat of trade and manufacture in South Germany. Hops
form the most important article of commerce.

Si: Lttwrenee. NUlt£MB£EG; 20. RötUe. 87

- Tke FortifldätioiiSy the most interesting feature of the town,
d&te ffcom the middle ages, and are still in fair preservation. They
condst Of a rampart eftcircKag the city , provided at intervals with
towers of varioas forms/ and of it dry moat 35 yds. wide and 3Ö ft.
deep. The modt picturesque parts are near the citlidel, at the in-
flux and efflax of the Pegnitz, and hy tii« gates. A walk round the
walls is strongly reoemmeAded, on aocount of the variety and heauty
of theit anahitectural effects. The fbiir round towers at the Neue,
Spittler; FHuen, and Laufer gates were iHdlt in 1555-68. Several
of the finest parts' of the fortifioations liave recently been removed.
The P.effnitx divides the tow» idto'two nearly equal parts , the
Lawreooe add th^ Sebald sides;- It is «tossed by several Bridgee.
The 8u9pinrion Bridge en the W.- side of the town was one of the
fir^t of its kind in Germany (1824). The singles-arched Fleischhrückc
(PI. D, 2), buüt in 1598, is an imitation of the 'Ponte Rialto' at
Venice. Two obdisks on the Carlshrücke (PI. 0, 2), one with a dove
and 6liTebi«Bch:, the: other wi^ the imperial eagle, are memorials
of a visit of Ehip. Charles YI; in i728.

J^riofm the Railway Station (PI. D, E, 4) the traveller enters the
town by the Franenthof in a straight direction, and in 5 mln. reaches
the church of St. Lawrence. Pursuing the same direction, and cross-
ing the Museums-Btüoke, he next arrives at the Frauenkirche j then
to the left, past the Schöne Braunen, to the Rathhaus, St. Sebald's,
Dürer's statue, Dürer's houee', and the Burg. This order is ac-
cordingly observed In the following description.

The Öothic (Prot.) church of ♦Bt. Lawrence fPl. D, 3), the
finest in Nuremberg, was erected at the end of the iBth and the be-
ginning of the 14th century. In 14Ö3-45 the nave was widened, and
tn 1439-77 the c*hoir was rebuilt on a larger scale by Conrad Roritzer.
The whole edifice was carefully restored in 1824 under the super-
intendence of Seideloff, Magnificent W. *Portal with numerous
sculptures (1Ö32); above it a superb rose window, 30 ft. in dia-
meter. The N. Tower J with its roof of gilded copper, erected in
1283, and burned down in 1865, has since been re-erected with
strict adherence to the original form. The sacristan, who lives in
the Lorenzer -Platr 7, is generally in the church in the forenoon
C^Opf.).

uitariM. Beautiful tft&ined glass in fhe eleven windows of the choir,
recently lestored \ the Qnegt that to the right of the choir, with representation
of the genealogy of Christ» The four Bvangelists adjoining thiB on the
right are modem. The greatest work of art which the church possesses is
the *CiBOBiev,'or receptacle for the host, in the choir, beautifully executed
in flione in the Gotbic style. It is in the form of a tower, 65 ft; in height,
tapering upwards, and terminating in a curved flnial. It rests upon three
kneeling figures , which represent the sculptor Adam JfCrafft and , his two
AMbtants, who were occupied in the work from 1493 to 1600. In front of
Ute altar, suspended ' O'Obbl' the roof. Is a curious work in Carved wood with
numerous figures, t)y Veit Stoss^ representing the Salutation. The Gothic
brass candelabrum in the choir is worthy of notice. Handsome modern
pnlpit and high-altar by Utitttloff and Rotermundt.

8S Baute ^0, NUREMBERG. Ftimtn^vtehe,

The Tugendbfwnnen^ a fountain on the N.W. side of the ohurch,
with numerous figures in bronze, was executed in 1589 hy Wurtid"
haiuf^ Opposite, at the comer of the Oaaolinen-Str., is the iVa««
sauer Hau9 (p. 93). — In the adjoining Adler ->9li«we rises the
War Monument, by Wanderer, consisting of a granite column, sar-
mounted by a figure of Victory.

The Lorenzer Gasse leads to the £. firom St. Lawrence to the
Marien- Suburb. On the right, near the church, is the Theatre
(PL D, 3); in the Peter -Yischer-Gasse, opposite to it, is Peter
Viseher's Houte (PL 10), indicated by an inscription.

The Bftvarian Indnitrial XuiMim in the König -Str. contains
a collection of models and a permanent exhibition of products of
the industrial arts (open on Sundays 10-1, on week-days 10-12 and
2-5 , in winter 2-4 ; closed on Saturdays). The institution also
comprises a designing-room, with a large collection of models-, a
library , and a reading-room (open on Sundays 1(^1 , week-days
9-12 and 2-6, in winter 2-4 and 7-9; closed on Saturdays). Adm.
on Tues. , Wed. , Frid. , and Sun. free ; other days 1 m. — Ad-
joining the Industrial Museum , on the bank of the Pegnitz, is
the Museum (Club-house, PL 4; adm. see p. 84).

The Gothic (Rom. Oath.) «Vranenldrehe or ]Url«iüdrek« (PL
D, 2), in the market-place, was erected in 1354-61 on the site of
a synagogue destroyed during the persecutions of the Jews. Beautiful
facade. The W. *Po.rtico, with its rich sculpturing, was added at
a later date. The interior (open 7-10 a.m.) contains an *£pitaphiunt
of the Pergenstorfer family of 1498, by A. Krafft; in the left aisle
an altar-piece, a winged picture on a gold ground, is the finest work
of the Nuremberg school in the first half of the 15th century. Old
stained glass, with numerous armorial bearings of Nuremberg fa-
milies.

In the Gänsemarkt, at the back of the Frauenkirche, is a quaint
little fountain-figure in bronze, by Lahenwolfy termed the ^Oänse--
mannchen ('little goose - man^ ; PL 2) , a peasant carrying a goose
under each arm.

In the vicinity is the house of the poet Hans Sachs (PL 9), in
the street named after him. In the adjoining Spital - Platz a Mon--
ument to his memory was erected by public subscription in 1874 ; it
consists of a sitting figure of the poet in bronze, cast by Lenz from
a model by Krausser. — On the £. side of the Platz is the new
Synagogue (PL D, 2), built by Wolf in the Moorish style in 1869-74
— Not far off, at the corner of the Tücher -Strasse and the Neue
Gassse (PL E, 2), is another fountain, surmounted by a bronze
figure of Konrad Orübel (d. 1809), a popular poet of Nuremberg.

No. 19, Hauptmarkt, was the residence of the celebrated scholar
and writer PirVheimer (bom at Eichstatt , in 1470) , who died at
Nuremberg in 1630.

The * Schöne Brunnen (PLD,2), opposite the Frauenkirche,

8t. 8eb(üdu8. NUREMBERO. SO, Route. 89

erected in 1385-96, by Meister Heinrieh Behainij der Balier ^ and
entirely restored in 1821-24, is a Gothic pyramid 63 ft. in height,
adorned with numerous figures. The *Statue8 below represent seven
electors and nine heroes (Charlemagne, Godfrey de Bouillon, Glo-
vls ; Judas Maccabaeus, Joshua, David ; Caesar, Alexander, Hector) ;
those above, Moses and the seven prophets. On the N.W. side of
the iron railing round the fountain is a small movable iron ring,
which the travelling apprentices of Germany regard as the cogni-
sance of the city. — Wisa's HotMe, between the Schöne Brunnen
and the Rathhaus, was erected in the Gothic style by Heideloff
in 1853.

The BatUukiu (PI. D, 1 , 2 ; bell for the keeper, on the first floor ;
adm. Sun. and Wed. 10-1 free, at other times, fee), 290 ft. in
length, was erected in 1613 - 19 in the Italian Renaissance style.
Incorporating a still older edifice on the same site. The rear of

the building is at present undergoing alteration.

The great hall belongs to the older patt of the building, erected
in 184d, and is adorned with badly -preserved frescoes by Dürer, repre-
senting the triumphal procession of the Emp. Maximilian, town-musicians,
and Calumny (after Apelles); it also contains stained glass by Hirsch-
vogel, etc. On the central buttress is represented an execution by the
guillotine (1522), which proves that this instrument is not a modem in-i
vention, as is generally supposed. — On the wall of the staircase to the
second floor is a large fainting by Paul Ritter (1883), depicting the repre-
sentatives of Nuremberg entering the town in triumphal procession, with
the imperial regalia, in 1424. t- The ceiling of the long corridor in the
second floor is adorned with a relief in stucco representing a tournament
held at Nuremberg in 1446,- executed by Kern in 1649. On the wall a plan
of Vienna in 1749, said to have been presented by Empress Maria Theresa.
— The upper (or smiJl) hall, in the Renaissance style, is hung with por-
traits of public benefactor», kings of "Bavaria, etc., and is used for the
celebration of civil marriages.

The Fountain in the court is by Lahenwolf, 1557. The gallery
in the S.E. corner of the court, resting upon curious carved consoles,
and provided with Gothic balustrades , was executed by Hans Be-
haim in 1425. Beneath the Bathhaus are subterranean passages
(partly fallen in) leading to the old dungeons , which the curious
visitor may inspect.

The Gothic (Protestant) church of ♦St. SebalduB (PI, D,2),
with its two choirs, was erected in the 13th cent, on the model of
the cathedral of Bamberg. The W. choir is Romanesque, the nave
is in the transition-style, while the present E. choir was re-erected
in the pure Gothic style in 1361-77. The sacristan is generally to be

found in the church (fee) ; visitors knock at one of the side-doors.

Exterior. The visitor should inspect the X. Portal, or ^Bride^s Door^j
the sculptures in half-relief on the buttresses of the E. choir, representing
the Passion ; the ^SchreyerMonumenf (opposite the Bathhaus), a magnificent
Entombment with numerous life-size figures in stone, executed in 1492 by
Adam Krafft, his master-piece; the Last Judgment over the 8. entrance.

Interior. In' the E. choir reliefs attributed, to ^d«im Krafft, but bear-
ing the monogram of Veit Stoa: Last Supper, Christ on the Mt. of
Olives, and the Kiss of Judas. To the 8.E., in the ambulatory, the 'Mark-
grafenfenster\ a fine stained-glass window executed by Hirschvogel in 1515,

90 Bwie 20. NUJaSMBSKi^. /Si. Maurice.

representing the Mapgcare Fsederick of An^adh and Bairewih,: with bi&
wife and eiglit children -, also several good altar-pieces, especially a winged
picture on the N. wall, palsied in 1513 hy Hans v. KulfMoch, from draw-
ings by Dürer ^ probably the master's finest work ; Oruei&i , and woode«
agaves of the Virgin and St. John, over the high -altar, by Veii JStost-^
Modern high -altar in wood (1821) by Rotermundt and HeidelofT.. — ^St.
ßebaldCs Monument (eight tons in weight, for which the administrator» of the
church paid.3140 florins), regarded by Kugler (Hbrtory of Art) an Ike moat
exquisite gem of German art, is the master-piece of Pei&r Yischer, the ce-
lebrated artist in bronze, and was completed by him, with the assistam;e
Of his five sons, in 1519, after thirteen years'* labour. The twelve Apostles
in nichee around the savcophagus oentaaning the relics of the saint «ra
admirable ; twelve smaller figures of church-fathers and propl^ets «^Qve^
about seventy fantastic representations of genii, mermaids, animals,' etc.,
below, also merit minute examination. The miracles performed by the
saint are the '9u4>ject of the reliefs below ih0 earoopinkgns. lA b aiche
beneath,, on the side towards the altar, is the artist himself with, apron
and chisel, a 'beautifully-executed statuette. Near the fine modern wooden
pulpit is an Entombment , attributed to Dürer , with the armorial bear»
in^s of the Holeschufaer family. The LöffeifuOi-ChapBi ^ -at the W. end
of the nave, contains a curious and interesting copper font, of the be«
ginning of the 16th century.

The Parsonage of St. Sebaldj on the N. Bide, with its plctui^
esque Gothic ♦Oriel -window (* Chörlein'), dating from 1318 , was
once occupied by Melchior Pflnzing (d. 1535), provost of St. Sobald,
and author of the ^Tewrdannkh', an allegorical narration of the
wooing of Mary of Burgundy by the Emp. Maximilian I.

Opposite St. S.ebald's, on the N., is the pretty Gothic chapel of
St. Maurice (PL 50), erected in 1354. .The collection of pictures
formerly exhibited here has been removed to the Geirmanic Mu-
seum (p. 94).

A house to the S.W. of St. Sebald*s, Winkler- Str. 29, be^irs;
an inscription designating it as once the dwelling of the bookseller
^John Palm, vtko feu a victim to the tyranny of Napoleon in 1S06\
The patriotic Palm had published a pamphlet on the 'Degradation
of Germany' , written in a tone displeasing to the Emperor, who.
accordingly caused him to be condemned by a court-martial and shot
(p. 173). — At the corner of the adjacent Augustiner-Strasse, on
the site of the rased Augustine monastery, stand the new CourtB
of IiKW (PI. 3), erected by Solger. In the hall are marble busts
of the jurists Anselm v. Feuerbach and Rud. v. Holzschuher j the
Commercial Court-room contains a large painting by A. Feuerbach :
the Emp. Lewis, the Bavarian conferring privileges on the merchants
of Nuremberg.

On the building opposite Palm's house, over the gateway of the
oXdi Stadtwage^ or civic weighing-house, is a good relief by JEra/fit,
of 1497, indicative of the object of the building. In the same street
(Winkler - Strasse 20) is the house in which Durer was born» with
inscription.

*Dnrer's Statue (PI. D, 1), erected in 1840 on the Albiccht
Dürer Platz, was designed by the eminent Eaucih^ after Dürer^s
portrait of himself at Vienna (see p. 227). About a hundred paces

Bw^. NUREMBERQ. 20. RtmW. 9f

farther, at tue corner of the Albreeht^Dürer-Strasse, near the Thier-
garfcner-Thor, is Dürer'9 House (PI. 1 j C, 1). It is now the property
of a society, and is niaiked by' a medallion. It contains a collec-
tion of antique famitnie and utensils^ and also copies of Düber's
paintings. The custodian exercises the craft of a glass-stalner.

The groiind-fLooir <>f the old Doinikiican monastery at the Ivwer
end of the Burgstrasse adjoining the Rathhaus contains the Afttni*^
eipat Arckivts, Th6 nppet floor contains^the Tdwn Libr«r7(Pl. D, 1 ;
open Tues., Thiirs., Sät., 10*12), coinprising 60,000 vols, and 800
MSS., among which are sereral of gteat value; missals, aiid well-
exectited miniatured hy Gldekenton, .a miniature-painter of Nurem-
berg ; also' early specimens of typography, e.g. the Rationale of
Durandüs(14ö9), one of the' first books printed by Gutenberg; autO'^
graphs of Luiher, Melanehthon, etc. ; and various curiosities.

Farther on, in the direction of the castle, to the left, is a Mount
of Olives, executed in 1499, by Peter Harsdorfer, — On the right
of both the routes ascending to the castle is the former Burg^
Caserne or BaretcTcs, built by Hans Behaim the Elder in 1494-95.

The-'^urg, or Castle 0^. 32; C, D, 1), founded in 1024 by
Einp. Conrad II., and extended by Frederick Barbarossa in 1158,"
was prepared as a royal residence in 1854-56, and restored in the
Gothic style. It rises on a sandstone rock to theN.W. of the town.
The CA^ieWhu Kellner (an artist in stained glass) lives on the right
by the castle-gate (ring; fee).

The venerable lAine-iree in the court, said tor have been planted by the
Empi«e«8 Ounigttnde, wife of Kmp. Henry ll. (1003-24)^ marks the spot oh
which justice w&9 anoi^ntly adminlatered. A üiche m the wall 'contains
a statue of the Saxon ambassador QiansdQrf^ who died at -Kuremberg
during the Thirty Tears'* War. In the Audience Chamber are a few old
Gt^rman pictures and a fine antique stove. The stoves in the 6th^ rooms
also deserve attention* — A beautiful and extensive prospect, with varying
foreground, is obtained from the windows of some of these apartments»
but the finest point of view is the new balcony on the W. side of the
castle. The Heidenthurm^ by the castle-gate, contains two late-Romanesque
chapels of' the' 12th cent., one above the other: the lower, St, MargareVs
Chapel , served as the mausoleum of the Burggraves ; the upper, 8t. OiU
'mar's Chapel^ or the Kaiser - Capelle,^ with groined vaulting resting on
Slender marble 'columns with Romanesque capitals, and pictures by Wohl-
gemuth,. KtaffI, and Holb^n (?)f was used for divine service. The Vest-
»er-Tfiumiy on the side- towards the town (custodian 10 pf.),- is another
fine point of view. Near it is a well, into which candles are lowered to
show its great deipth, while -light is also reflected on the surface of the
water by means 0f a mirror. , . . '

To the right of the entrance is a Collection of Instrument* of Torture
(Bkdflx. 30 pf.). On the E* wall of the castle, by the pentagonal tower, two
hoof-shaiped impressions are shown, which are said to have been left by
the horse of a robber-knight who was brought here as a prisoner in the;
16th cent.f but escaped by leaping over the moat. This incident gave rise,
to a sarcastic proverb : *The Nurembergers hang no man, unless they have
taught him'*. — The pentagonal toWer was the original fort round which
the dwellings of Nuremberg clustered. It now contains a coUectioil of
antiquitieSj including the celebrated 'Iron Virgin'', a hollow figure with
projecting iron spikes in the interior, into which the victim was thrust.
Magnificent view from the platform.

92 RouUW. NUREMBERG. St. ^idius,

[The Count of Zollern was invested by Radolph of Hapsburg in
1273 with the dignity of Buiggrave (i.e, goyernor of the castle) of
Nuremberg. The BurggrnTe Frederick VI., ttom whom the present
royal family of Prussia descends, was created Elector of Brandenburg
by the Emp. Sigismund in 1416 (comp. p. 85).]

On the S. side of the castle is the ThiergäHner-Thor (PK G. 1),
beyond which, in the Burgschmiet-Strasse, is the Bronze Foundry
of Prof. Lenz, comprising a collection of models. The road leads
on past Krafffs Stations, with reliefs of the Passion in stone on
seven pillars, and the *Mt. Calvary', also by Krafft, to (8/4 M.) St.
John's Cemetery (Pi. A, 1). The Gothic Heiligbreu% >- CdpelU
(PI. B, 1), of 1390, on the left before the cemetery is reached,
contains a fine altar in carved wood, with an architectural top and
double wings painted by Wohlgemuth (custodian 30 pf .).

The Halzsekutier Chapel contains a good Entombment with fifteen life-
size figures by Krafft (Joseph of Arimathea is a portrait of Krafft himselO*
Dürery his friend Pirkhpimer^ Veit Stoss^ Jamnitzer, and several other emi-
nent men are buried in this cemetery. The wife of the chief sexton (house
to. the right of the chapel) affords all information (00 pf.).

The Cemetery of St. Roehus, another large burial-ground, outside
the Splttler Thor, contains the grave of the celebrated Peter Vischer
(d. 1529; ninth stone on the right). The chapel contains an interesting
altar and stained -glass windows after drawings by Dürer. — The
new Central Cemetery, in the Johannis-Suburb, is entered through
a fine portal by Hase (1879).

St. .Sgidins (PI. E, 1), a Benedictine church, originally a Ro-
manesque basilica, erected in 1140, and burned down in 1696, was
rebuilt in 1711-18 in the degraded style of that period. It contains
an altar-piece by Van Dyek, the Body of Christ in the arms of the
Virgin ; at the back of the altar two reliefs in bronze by the sons
of P. VUeher, Adjacent is the late-Romanesque Eueharius-Capelle,
containing two altars by Veit Stoss. In the Gothic Tettel-CapeUe
a Coronation of the Virgin in stone, by Krafft,

In front of the adjacent Gymnasium, or grammar-school (PI. 15),
is a statue of Melanchthon, its supposed founder, by Burgschmiet
(1826). — The house of the well-known printer ArUon Koberger
(flor. 1470-1513), iEgidien-Platz 13, is denoted by a tablet.

At Scbildgasse 12 , in the house *Zur Blume', is the Natural
History Museiimy belonging to a society, with zoological, botanical,
geological , and other collections (adm. Sun. 10-12 free ; at other
times 50 pf.).

The Chnrch of St. James (PI. B, C, 3), founded in 1212,
altered in 1692, and restored in 1824, contains a line high-altar,
and other good examples of wood-carving. Opposite is the former
Deutsche Haus with the Deutschhauskirche, a domed church in the
Italian rococo style, and the large New Barracks. — Outside the
Spittler-Thor, in the suburb of Gostenhof, are the Ludwigs Station
(for Fürth, p. 59), the Qas Works, and the above-mentioned

Germanic Museum, NUBEMBEBG. 20. Route, 93

Cemetery of St, Bochus, Farther on is the Harbour, 370 yds. long,
of the Liidwigskanal (p. 69).

Most of the larger Private Hoiues in Nuremberg possess hand-
some courts and interesting oriel or bow-windows. Many of them
are also embellished with figures of saints at the corners (comp.
p. 86) or emblems on the facade. The irregularity of the line
which they form with the street contributes materially to the
quaint picturesqueness of the town. The most interesting are the
Nassau House (VI, D, 3), opposite the church of St. Lawrence, built
about 1400; Krafft's House (PI. D, 1), Theresien-Str. 7; PeUrsen's
House (PI. 8), in the Panier - Platz , erected in 1590; Tucker's
House (No. 11 j and Buppreeki's House (No. 19), both in the Hirsohel-
gasse (PI. E, 1), the latter, with a line saloon in the early-Renais-
sance style of 1534, now containing the Rotermundt Collection of
casts of old Nuremberg sculptures and antiquities; Eyssers House
(PI. 6 ; formerly Peller's^, in the i£gidienberg No. 23, with a rich
Renaissance facade of 1605 and a beautiful court, restored in 1883
and filled by the present proprietor (a furniture manufacturer in
Balreuth) with art-industrial objects of Tarious kinds, furniture,
etc. (adm. free); Imhoffs House, Tucher-Strasse 20.

TlEkA Landauer Monastery (PI. E, 1) is now a well-organised School
of Art, The fine yaulting of the Chapel j erected in 1507, Is sup-
ported by two spiral columns. For this chapel Dilrer painted in 151 1
his celebrated altar-piece of the Trinity , now in the Belvedere
Gallery at Vienna (p. 228).

The *Oermaiiio National Hiuenm (PI. C, D, 3), an institution
for the promotion of German historical research , founded in 1852,
is established in a suppressed Carthusian monastery, a Gothic buil-
ding of the 14th cent., with a fine church and extensive cloisters.
The space has recently been enlarged by the addition of the Au-
gustine monastery, formerly occupying the site of the Law Courts
(p. 90), which has been removed and re-erected here. The insti-
tution includes artistic and historical collections, a library, and a
collection of charters. Since 1866 the Museum has increased very
materially in size and importance owing to the energy of the di-
rector Herr Essenwein and the munificence of private donors, and it
now ranks among the finest of the kind in Germany. The objects
of greatest general interest are exhibited to the public in 75 rooms,
while the rest are reserved for the use of artists and students. The
Museum is open daily, 10-1 and 2-4. 30, in winter 2-4 o'clock ;
adm. 1 m.. Wed. and Sun. free. Catalogue at the entrance, 50 pf.

To the left. Room I. Prehistoric autiquities, objects from lake-dwellings,
Stone articles , funereal urns. — J?. II. Bronze weapons and tools, etc.
— ///. Soman antiquities. — IV-VI. Germanic antiquities of the 4-9th
Centuries. — VII, {CloitUr). Casts of early medieeval tombstones. — Room*
YIII-XI. Stoves and stove-tiles. — XII. Locksmith's work. — XIII. (corner-
room). This apartment is termed the * WilMlmihalW, from a window pre-
sented by the £mp. William (as king of Prussia) in i860, representing the
foundation of the monastery in ISBl by the Burggrave Frederick of Kurem-

94 Route 20. NUR£MB£R6. Oermanie

l>erg, executed »t Berlin from.deaigns by Kreliog. TliA original model /of
Luther's monument at Worms, by RietscbeL — Opposite, at 'the angle of
the cloisters, is the ^Hohenzollemhalle* (PI. C), with four G-othic windowss
bearing the arms of the various provinees of Prussia, presented by Piince,
Charles and Albert of Prussia , and Chailes Anthony of HohettEollem. —
ÄIV. (Cloiiter. Ludwigsgang). Tombstones of the 14th cent. — XV'XVIIJ,
(Cloi»ter*)y X/JT, XX. (Courts)^ Roonu XX/., XXI I. (Victoria and Frederick
WilHam Building). Gasts of sculptures of the 10-16th centuries. — The
cloisters XV-XVIII, enelose the ßeichtbof (Ph D), in which is a repro-
duotion in stucco of the Roland Column at Bremen. — XXjJI^XXVI,
(Cloister»), Tombstones of the f5-16th centuries. Fine old and modern
stained glass (PI. E, five windows presented by the Austrian imperial house).
— RoomB XXYII'XXJX. contain the Monicipal Oajclkrt of Abt, for-
merly in the Rathhaus. 631. The celebrated Rosenkranz, a large carving
in wood by Veil Bloss; 534. Coronation of the Virgin, relief in wood
by Veit Stossf "ÖIO. Prame for Dürer*« altar-piece, formerly in the Lan-
dauer Monastery (p. 98), exeauted in 1512 fzom the master's own
designs , and already exhibiting him as a f^enuine Renaissance artist.
515. 8hrine oi^ St. Sebastian \ 517. Figure of St. Wenzel, the model for a
bronze statue by Peter Yiseher in the Cathedral of Prague (1583; p. 288)?
518. Archer^ brottze figure by Feter Viscker (1582)« *519. Madonna, statue
in wpod (15'l6th cent.). 520. Original model for the Gänsemännchen (p. 88)
by P. Labenwolf. — XXX. (Cloister). Tombstones. — XXX/, XXXII. Casts
of ecclesiastical utensils. Collection of model«. — The Chusch (XXXIII.)
contains a. collection of sculpture, chiefly of tlM.15*l£th centuries. On
the S. side is a ^Mural Painting by l^aulbach representing Emp. Otho IIL^
visiting the tomb' of Charlemagne in 1000, symbolical of the object of the
institution to bring to light the treasures of the past. — ' The small chapels
(XXXIV, XXXV.) to the right and left of the choir tonlain ecclesiastic
cal antiquities, among which (to the left) is the silver-mounted casket in
which the imperial jewels were formerly deposited. — R. XXXVI'. House-
hold utensils, etc., of the middle ages; Gothic furniture and vessels.
72. XXXVII-XXXIX. Furniture, glass, porcelain, maJoUeaa, pottery, etCk^
of the 16th,- 17th, and 18th centuries. (R. XXXV II, contains also an antique
portal from the monastery of Heilbronn , 13lh cent. ; ' R. XXXIX. is the
former Refectory.) — ' XL-XLIX. Instruments of torture, etc. — L. (Sali).
Collection of cannon. In the B. part of the garden is the '"HeunmsauW (1),
presented by the town of Miltenberg (p. 53), and said to have been quarried
by the Romans. — We next ascend the open spiral staircase (PI. H)', passing
the Dantsic ^Beischlag' or balcony (PI. G), to the —

SscoKD Floor. Boom LI., decorated at the expense of the German
Free towns, contains a collection of costumes. — R. LII., fitted up by the
German ^Sfandesherren', or nobles of t£ie highest rank, is occupied by a
very complete hitrtorical collection of flre-arms and other weapons. -^ We
BOW descend by the '^Beckenthüxmchen* (LIII.) to the •—

FiasT Floor. The Qallerie* and Rooms LIV.-LXII. contain the Pictdrr
Gallert (Catalogue 60 pf.), which is unsurpassed for its collection of works
of the upper and lower German Schools of the 15th and 16th centuries.
7. Meister Wilhelm of Cologni, Madonna with the pea-blosaom; 15. Stephan
Lochner, Crucifixion with six saints: 23. Roger va» der Weyden, Cardinal
Bourbon \ "116. if. Wohlgemut, Crucifixion ; A. Dürer, 191. Pieti ; 190. Her-
cules,-a youthful effort; »lOS, 198, 194. The Emperors Charlemagne, Sigis-
mund (freely retouched), and Mjlxlmilian. Madonnas by Bans HoVbehlk
the Elder^ Sigiamund ffolbein.ff, Burgkmair, 157. Burgkmair^ St. Sebastian
and Emp. Maximilian ; 196, 109. Hans voü Kulnibach , SS. C'osmas and Damjan ;
598. Remln-andt, Portrait of a young man ; 320. Fieter de Hooch, Interior.
On the central cases in these roomd are a number of small sculptures
and carving»: 1848. Figure of a l)oy; 1860. Dog scratching himself; 1851.
Genius, ascribed to Peter Vischer; 1837. A number of exquisite wood-carvings,
attributed to P. Fldtner. Also reliefs in wax and clay, medallion«, etc. —
R. LXIII. Casts of sculptures of the 16-I8th centuries. — LXIV. Illusti^tions
of the costumes of the 16-18th centuries. — LXV-LXVII. Scientific ap-
paratus, calendars; and maps. — LXVIIL Monuments of extinct TTurem-

Museum. NUBEMBERO. W. R(w^. 05

berg guilds. — hXtX-LXX, Commerci«! Muflenm, models of ships and
waggons. — LXXI^ LXXII, Collection of documents illustrative of the
progress of calligraphy and printing; MSS., incunabula, woodcuts, engraTr
ings. — LXXJIJ. iQaHertf). Specimens of weaving and embroidery. —
LXXIV, Spedmen^ of bookbinding. — LXXV. (HaU, fitted up by the
nobility of Mecklenburg). Musical Instruments.

The extensive Manufactories of Nuremberg are outside the
town. The Nuremberg Machine Co*s (formerly Cramer- Klett) estab-
lishment, chiefly for the manufacture of railway-carriages, lies out-
side the Wohrder Thor. On the S. side, beyond the FSrber-Thor, near
the railway, Is Zeltner's extensive ultra-marine manufactory (PI. B,
0, 4). Fdber*8 lead-pencil manufactory is at Stein (p. 23), 6 M.
from Nuremberg (not shown to visitors). The largest breweries are
Henningers in the Maxfeld (now in the hands of a company), and
Tucker'' s at the old ^Waizenbrauhaus'in th6Waizen-Stra8se(Pl. C» 3)^

The most popular resorts near Nuremberg are the *8tadtpark or
Maxfeld, on the N. side,, with pretty grounds (*£estaurant ; music
frequently), «he Köehert'-ZtBmger, at the 8pittler-Thor (PI. B, 3),
»nd the *Bo8e$mu (Pi, A, B^ 2, 3), with pretty grounds (Restaur.).
Pleasant exourdions may also be made to (6 M.) the Alte Feste (old
f<Mrtres»; comp. p. 59); to Mogetdovf (^. 174), with its fine woods«
to St. Job8t(fie% below ^ tramway); iso Dutzendteich {p» 104), with a
Iwgepdnd on which a boartm&y be hired ^töSchmaussenbuck (p. 96),-
^Hh fine woods; und to the Nuremberg Switierland (see below).

21. Erom Huxemberg; to iSg«r by Sehaabelwaid.

94 ?f. Railway ia ÖV4-6Vä liM.

Nuremberg^ see p. 84. The railway soon after leaving the
station divergea to the left from the lines to Ratisbon and Am-
berg, crosses the Pegnitz-Tkal by means of a long embankment and
several bridges, and reaches (2^^ M.) St. Johst^ The line then
skirts the base of the hills on the N. side of the Pegnitz-Thal,
running parallel with the Amberg railway (p. 174) on the S. side
of the valley. Schloss Platnersherg^ to the left, has been restored
by Heideloff. 6 M. Behringersdorf ; 8 M. Rückersdorf; IOV2 M.
Lauf (Rail. Restaur.), with a chateau on the Pegnite (Y2 M. to the
S. is the station of the Ambwg lin«, p. 174); I2V2 M. Scknaittaeh,
8 M.- to the S. of the town, •above -which lies the picturesque ruin
at Rothenherg. 15 M. Reiehenschwand, at the base of the HansßrgU-
Berg (006 beloir), willh a chateau and padi.

. 17m. Herfebmek (1115ft;;. ♦Po««,- *Traii6e), a prosperous little
town on the right bank of the Pegmt^, at the base of the MicheU-
bcrg, surrounded by hop-gafd^ns. The new »tation is on the N. side
of the town,. 11/2 M.. from the station on the left bank of the Peg*
»itz (p.474).

The Kiohelsberg (1444 ft.), which mmy be reached from the new
station in 1/4 hr. , offers an admirable survey of the town and district.
A ertOl more comprehensive view is commanded by the '^HaBijdrgl-Bergrt

96 Route 21, SC.HNABELWAID.

which qiay be ascended in 1 hr. from Reichenfchwand , or in IV« hr. tto m
Hersbruck vis the Qalgmbwg and the BoffenmUhle. On the top i» a
pavilion,

Near (20 Y2 ^0 Sohenstadt the line turns to the N. and enters
the narrow and tortuous Obere Fegnitzthal ; to the right, prettily
situated at the mouth of the Hirschbaehihal^ lies the summer-resort
of Eschenhach^ with a chUeau and Curhaus. The Pegnitz is crossed
twice , and Alf alter (on the left) and Düaselbach passed. 25 M.
Vorra (*Krone). The train then crosses flye bridges, traverses two
short tunnels, and reaches (27 M.) Eapprechtstegen, the central
point of the 'Nuremberg Switzerland'. The *Rupprecht8tegen Kur-
hotel, pleasantly situated on the slope to the left, is generally full
in summer.

The ^Antathal^ with its beautiful woods and picturesque groups of
rocks, a£fords a pleasant walk. The path then crosses a lofty plain to
(6 H.) the ruin of Sohenstem (2060 ft.), rising above the village of that name ;
fine view from the wooden belvedere (key at the village). — A walk
may be taken on the left bank of the Pegnitz to- the (1 hr.) castle of
ffartenstein, mentioned in the ^Parzival^ of Wolfram von Eschenbaeh,

. . The train is now carried across ten bridges and throngh ftye

tunnels (90 to 350. yds. in length), which follow eaoh other in

rapid succession. 29 M. Veldenf the old town of that name is i/2 M.

from the station. The valley soon begins to expand. 31^2 M.iVeu-

haue (Rosihach's Inn, «t the station; Wilder Mann), commanded

by. the watch-tower of the old castle of Veldenateiny perched upon

a lofty rounded knoll.

Near the village of Krottetuee (*Zur Grotto), iV2 M. to the E., is the
^Kazimilianahfthle or the Windhek. a iaige stalactite grotto, discovered in
18Ö8 and rendered accessible in 1878 (adm. 1 pers. 75 pf., 2 pers. 1 m., etc.;
guide incumbent; magnesium wire 75 pf. extra).

The line crosses and recrosses the Pegnitz several times. 33 Y2 M.
Banna; 37 M. Michelfeld ; 41 i/2 M. Pegnitz (Lamm ; Ross), a district-
town on the Pegnitz, which rises at Lindenhart^ 9 M. to the N.
(diligence daily in 2^/4 hrs. by Pottenstein to Oosaweinaiein^ p. 83).

The train now steadily ascends to (46V2 M.) Sohnabelwaid.

Bbanch-linb to Baibbuth, 11 M., in 40 min. The line leads by (4 M.)
Cretuten in the valley of the Bathe Main^ an ancient town, noted for ita
earthenware, and (7 M.^ Ifeuenreuth. 11 H. Saireuth (see p. 75).

Beyond Schnabelwaid the train turns to the £., and near (50 M.)
Engelmannereuih passes the watershed between the Pegnitz and
the Nab by a cutting 880 yds. long. Beyond (53V2M.) Vorbach
the Hard is penetrated by a tunnel 490 yds. in length.

58 M. Xirohenlaibaoh, junction for the Baireuth and Weiden
line (p. 77). The train pursues a N.£. direction. Near (63^2 M!.)
JmmenreuVi the line crosses the Heidenab, and at Obervjappenott
it passes under the watershed between the Heidenab and the
Fichtelnab by means of a tunnel 935 yds. long. The valley of the
latter stream is crossed near Biglaareuth by a lofty iron viaduct.
70 M. Neusorg (1827 ft.) Near Langentheilen the watershed be-
tween the Nab and the Roslau is pierced by another long tunnel.

NÖRDLINGEN. 22. Route. 97

75 M. Waldershof (1805 ft) ; 6 M. to the W. is the Kosseine
(p. 81). 77 M. Karkt-Bedwitz (1742 ft. ; Weisses Ross ; Anker, at
the station), a basy little town on the Kossein, with a Piotestant
church In the transitional style ; junction of the line from Hof to
Wie8au(p. 118). The line now turns to the N.E. and follows the
Roslau, which it crosses twice, at an elevation of 70 ft. 81 V2 M.
Seussen; 881/2 Arzberg; 86 M. Schimding. Before reaching (8872 M.)
Muhlhach we enter Austrian territory. The train now follows the
Eger , intersects the plateau to the S. of Eger at a depth of 56 ft.,
and, curving to the N., enters the station of (94 M.) Eger (p. 304).

22. From Naremberg to Augsburg.

105 H. Railway in 4-6 hrs.

The train crosses the Ludwigs- Canal immediately after quit-
ting Nuremberg, and beyond (5 M.) Reichelsdorf the Rednitz.

9 M. Schwabaeh ( Engel j Rose; Stem, unpretending), an old
town with 7500 inhabitants. The late- Gothic church of St. John^
erected in 1469-95, contains a magnificent altar-piece with carvings
by Veit Stoss and paintings by Wohlgemut, executed in 1508, and
also other paintings by Wohlgemut, Martin Schön(YiTgm in a garland
.of roses), Burekmair, etc.; the Gothic ciborium, 42 ft. in height,
dates from 1505. The Schöne Brunnen in the market-place was
erected in 1716 and xestored in 1856.

Near (I51/2M,) Both is an old chateau of the 14th century. A
little farther on, the Swabian and Franconian Rezat unite to form
the Rednitz. From (21 M.) Georgensmiind a branch-line leads in
25 min. to Spalt, a small town prettily situated on the Swabian
Bezat, the birthplace of G. Spalatin (d. 1545). On a wooded emi-
nence to the left rises Schloss Sandsee, the property of Prince
Wrede. 27 M. Pleinfeld, on the Rezat, the junction for the Nurem-
berg and Munich railway (via Treuchtlingen, p. 116). 33 M. Langlau.

37 M. Gunzenhausen , on the Altmuhl , is the junction for the
Würzburg and Munich line (see p. 116). Beyond r42M.) Cronheim
the line reaches the Wornitz. To the right of (46 M.) Wassertru-
dingen rises the long Hesselherg. 54 M. Oettingen, a small town
with 2900 inhab., on the Wornitz, is the residence of the Prince of
Oettingen-Spielberg. Beyond (57 M.) Durrenzimmem, the Ipf
(2237 ft.), a hill near Bopflngen (p. 25), the summit of which is
said to have been levelled by the Romans, becomes conspicuous on
the W. The village on the right near Nordlingen is WaUerstein
(see p. 98), with a ruined castle.

62 M. Kordlingenf^JTronc; Deutsches Haus ; Weisses Ross; Beer
at the Sonne), formerly an imperial town, is still surrounded with
walls and towers. Pop. 7800. The Gothic *iSf«. George's Church, erected
1428-1505, contains a fine late-Gothic ciborium (1511-25), paintings
by Schaufelein (Entombment) and Herten. Fine prospect from the

Baedbkeb''s S. Germany. 6th Edit. 7

98 Route 22. DONAUWÖRTH. From Nuremberg

tower, extending over the Ries with its numerous Tillages, of which

99 are said to be visible. The late-Gk>thic Ralhhaus contains a large
mural painting hy Schaufelein (1515), representing the history of
Judith andHolofemes ; on the upper floor a collection of old German
pictures , and autographs chiefly of the period of the Thirty Years'
War (always accessible).

During the Thirty Years' War the Imperial army, under Ferdinand of
Hungary and the Cardinal Infanta Don Fernando, gained a signal yictory
here over the Swedes under Bernhard of Weimar and Horn, 27th Aug.,
1634, a success of as great moment to the former as the victory of Lützen
had been to the latter.

Bemsihal Railway from l^ördlingen to Stuttgart, see B. 7.

Fbom NöKDLiNasN TO DoMBÖHL, 33Vs M., in 2Vs-9V4 brs. 21/2 M. Waller
stein 2 with a picturesque ruined castle. Marktofjmgen^ Va M. to the £. of
whicn lies Maihingen, formerly a convent, with the valuable library,
armoury, and other collections of Prince Oettingen - Wallerstein. Then
Fremdingen^ WUbwrgttetten. iS'/s M. Dinkelsbühl (*Ooldne Rote)^ an old
imperial town on the Wdrnitz , still surrounded with walls and towers
(5^ inhab.), was the birthplace of Chr. v. SehnUd (d. 1854), a popular
writer for the young, to whom a statue has been erected in the market-
place (comp. p. 101). The interior of the late-Gothic Church of 8%. Qeorge
(built in 1444-99), with its handsome ciborium and carved altars , will repay
inspection. — Stations Schopfloehy (27 M.) Feuehtwangen (Post) an old town
with a Gothic abbey-church, Dor/gilHngen. 331/2 M. DombUhl, see p. 22.

67^2 ^« Mottingen; to the left, the Lierheimer Sehloss» Beyond
(70 M.j Hoppingen the line enters the Rie8, a remarkably fertile
tract, probably once the bed of a lake. 72 M. Harburg, a little
town belonging to Prince Wallerstein , is commanded by the well-
preserved castle of the same name, picturesquely perched on a rock.
The fertile yalley of the winding Womit«, which the train fre-
quently crosses, is now traversed.

791/2 M. Donauwörth (""JSTreb«, unpretending, R., L. & A. 1 m.
20 pf., B. 60 pf.; Becker) J an old town on the Danube, with 3900 in-
habitants. The buildings of the suppressed Benedictine Abbey of the
Holy Gross are now the property of Prince Wallersteln. A chapel ad-
joining the abbey -church contains the sarcophagus of the ill-fated
Mary of Brabant, consort of Duke Lewis of Bavaria, by whose order
she was beheaded in 1256 on a groundless suspicion of adultery. The
fortress of Mangoldstein, where the execution took place, to the right
near the station, was destroyed by Emp. Albert I. in 1308, and the
ruins were removed in 1818. A cross now marks the site. The
ScheUeriberg, which rises above the station, was stormed with severe
loss by Lewis of Baden in 1704. Its capture formed a prelude to
the disastrous battle of Hochstadt (see below).

From Donadwöbth to Xbd-Ofpimgkn, 27 M., railway in i»/» hr. (to
Ulm in 8 hrs.). The line skirts the IS. side of the town , turns to the
S.W., and traverses the valley of the tortuous Danube. 6 M. Tappieim;
9 M. Blenheim, or Blindheim; 12 M. Hochstadt. Each of the last two names
recalls more than one fiercely contested battle. Here in 1083 Guelph I. of
Bavaria was defeated and deprived of his duchy by Emp. Henry IV. In
1703 the Elector Max Emanuel of Bavaria and Marshal Villars gained a
victory here over the Imperial troops under Count Styrum^ but the Elec-
tor and Marshal Tallard were signaUy defeated, almost on the same spot.

to Augsburg. AUGSBURG. 22. Route. 99

by Prince Eugene and the Dnke of Marlborough, 13th Aug., 1704. Nearly
a century later, on 19th June, 1800, the Austrians under Kray here en-
gaged the French under Moreau. — Stat. Steinheim. 17 M. Billingen (Bayri-
scher Hof; Sonne), a thriving town of 6450 inhab., which has belonged to
Bavaria since 1802, formerly the seat of a university, suppressed in 180i.
The old chateau belonged at one time to üie bishops of Augsburg. Between
Dillingen and Lauingen is the Carolinen- Canal-, IVi H. in length, con-
structed to avoid the bends of the Danube. — 19 M. Lauingen, a busy town
of 39S0 inhab., the residence during the middle ages of the Bavarian dukes
of Pfalz-Neuburg, whose burial vault is below the Roman Catholic church.
The early -Gothic Hof-Thurm^ 180 ft. high, with sixteen stories, was erected
in 1478. A bronze statue of the celebrated scholar Albertus Magnus (1193-
1280), a native of Lauingen, was erected in the market-place in 1881. -^
22V8 M. Qundelfingen, a small town on the Brenz .^ with the ruins of the
castle oi Hohm-Qundelfingen^ destroyed during the Thirty Years' War. The
line turns towards the S., crosses the Danube, and joins the Ulm and
Augsburg line (p. 118) at (27 M.) NeurOf fingen.

From Donauwörth to Ingolstadt and Ratisbont see B. 23.

The train crosses the Danube, and then the Sehmutter. To the
left, on the opposite bank of the Lech, the plain of which the line
now traverses , rises the church of Rain , where Tilly in his 73rd
year , whilst defending the passage of the Lech against Gustavus
Adolphus, received the wound of which he died at Ingolstadt, 23rd
April, 1632. The train now passes Bäumenheirrij Mertingen, Nor-
dendor/fright, the suppressed nunnery of Holzen, now a chateau of
Count Fischler-Treuberg), Meitingen(Tig'ht, on the height, the castle
of Marfct, once a Roman fort, the property of Prince Fugger), Lang-
weidy Qersthofen, and Oberhausen (to Vlrrij see p. 118), and crosses
the Wertach, near its union with the Lech.

105 M. Augsburg. — HoteU. *Dbei Mohbbk (PI. a), B., L., and A.
3^iJ2 m., D. 3 m., B. 1 m., one of the oldest hostelries in Germany, lately,
however, almost entirely rebuilt and sumptuously fitted up. *Goldnb
Tkaube (PI. b), R. li|2 m., D. 2 m. 70 pf.; B. 70 pf.; Weisses Lamm (PI. f),
Ludwig-Str., good cuisine; ^Dbei Kronen (PI. h.), with garden, *Batbi80her
HoF (PI. c), these two near the station; Mohsenkopf (PI. d), Predigerberg;
EiSBNHUT (PI. g), Obstmarkt, B. 1-1^ J2 m. — Bestauranta and Cafes. * Kern-
stock, Steingasse; Ca/i-Restaurant in the Eönigs-PIatz ; *Restaurant in the
new Stadtpark; Augtuta and Blotter in the Fugger-Str. ; Mussbeck, Bavaria,
and Maisch, in the Haximilians-Str. ; Bosch, Obstmarkt; Blaues Krügl, near
the Fugger house, with garden. Wine at '^ Metzler -Hofmann^s (Grünes
Haus), in the St. Anna-Str., and at ^PfajgTs, Bei der Metzg (C. 182). —
'^Railway Restaurant.

Baths. OiVscJie Badeanstalt, outside the Bothe Thor (cold, warm,
and vapour baths) ; Löhner, Bäckergasse (A. 331).

Gabs. Per drive (1/4 hr.), 1-2 pers. 70 pf., 3-4 pers. 1 m. ; from the
station 20 pf. additional. At night (10 p.m. to 6 a.m.) double fares. Each
box 20 pf.

Tramways (comp. Plan): from the station to Perlachthurm ; from Per-
lachthurm to St. Ulrich; from the Metzg-Platz to Lechhausen; from the
Königs-Platz to Pfersee; from Goggingen by Perlachthurm to Oberhausen.

Augsburg (1340 ft.), with 66,600 inhab. (1/3 Prot.), the Roman
Augusta Vindelicorum, situated at the confluence of the Wertach
and the Lech, is one of the most prominent towns in S. Germany.
Its abundant water-power, utilised hy a system of canals traversing
the town, has led to the development of various industries, of which
the manufactures of linen, cotton, and cloth are the most important.

7*

100 RouU22. AUGSBURG. Cathedral.

In the middle ages (from 1268) Augsburg was a free imperial city, and
the great centre of the traffic between N. Europe, Italy, and the Levant.
It reache'd the height of its prosperity in the 15th and 16th centuries,
and several of its citizens enjoyed princely wealth and power. Three
daughters of Augsburgers were married to princes: Clara v. Detten to
Elector Frederick the Victorious of the Palatinate; Agnes Bemauer, the
beautiful daughter of a barber, to Duke Albert III. of Bavaria (p. 165) ;
and Philippina Welser to Archduke Ferdinand of Austria. Bartholomew
Weiser, another citizen, fitted out a squadron to take possession
of Venezuela, which had been assigned to him as a pledge by Emp.
Charles V. The Fugger family raised themselves within a century from
the condition of poor weavers to that of the wealthiest merchants at
Augsburg, or perhaps in Europe. They were the Rothschilds of their age,
and like them ennobled; and they frequently replenished the exhausted
cofifers of the emperors Maximilian I. and Charles V. A separate quarter
of Augsburg, founded by Joh. Jacob Fugger ''the BicV in 1519, is still
called the Puggerei (Jacobi-Suburb, PI. 9), closed by its own gates, and
consisting of fifty-three small houses, tenanted at a merely nominal rent
by indigent Roman Catholic citizens. — At Augsburg Charles V. held his
famous diets; that of 1530, at which the Protestant princes presented to
the Emperor and the estates the '-Augshurg Confession^ a reformed creed
framed by Melanchthon; that of 1548, at which the 4nterim^ was issued;
and that of 1555, by which a religious peace was concluded. The deli-
very of the Confession took place in a hall of the episcopal palace, which
is now a royal residence.

The present appearance of Augsburg still recalls its ancient
magnificence. Most of the houses are in the Kenaissance style of
the 16th and 17th cent., and many of them are still adorned with
well-preserved frescoes . The houses of greatest historical interest are
Indicated by tablets. The old fortifications have been removed, and
handsome new streets have been erected on their site (comp. p. 95).

The principal street is the handsome, broad MaximilianS'Strasse
(between the Maximilians-Platz and the Ludwigs-Platz), with its
continuation, the busy KaroUnenStrasae, At the N. end of the
latter rises the Oatliedral (PI. 20), an irregular Gothic pile, origin-
ally a Romanesque basilica, begun in 995, consecrated in 1006, and
altered 1321-1431. It now consists of a nave with low vaulting, borne
by square pillars , and double aisles separated by slender round co-
lumns with foliage-capitals. The N. and S. portals of the higher E.
choir, with sculptures of the 14th cent., are worthy of careful
inspection. The W. choir contains a very ancient episcopal throne
and an ancient Gothic altar of bronze. In the nave hangs a fine bronze
candelabrum of the 14th century. The richly carved Gothic pulpit
and high-altar in the E. choir are both modem. The bronze wings
of the doors of the S. aisle, dating from about 1050, contain repre-
sentations of Adam and Eve, the Serpent, Centaurs, etc., in thirty-
five sections. Among the fine stained-glass windows, ancient and
modern , the best are tbose in the nave , dating from the end of
the 10th or the beginning of the 11th century. The altarpieces of the
first four side altars are good works by Holbein the Elder ; the other
altar-pieces arc by Zeithlom , Amherger, Wohlgemuth^ Burghmair,
and other masters of the Upper German School. On the posterior
wall of the N. aisle is a ''Catalogus Episcoporum Aug%uienfdum\

Rathhaus. AUGSBURG. 22. Route. 101

comprising tlie portraits of the bishops from 596 down to the present
day. The choir-chapels are separated from the choir by tasteful iron
screens. The fine cloisters on the N. side (late-Gothio, 1474-1510)
contain tombstones, some of which are of great antiquity.

To the W. of the cathedral, in the Frohnhof , which is adorned with
a handsome War Monument by Zumbusch, is the Royal Palace (PI. 39);
to the E., in the Karolinen-Platz, the Episcopal Palace (PI. 4).

On the right, in the Karolinen-Str. stands the imposing Rie-
dinger House, the handsome court of which is fitted up as a winter
garden. At the S. end of the street is i\iQ Ludwigs 'Platz, the
busiest part of the town, in the centre of which rises the Fountain
of Augustus, the founder of the city, whose statue was cast by the
Dutch master Gerhardt in 1594. On the right is the Exchange
(PI. 5); on the left the P«rtocÄ - TÄurm (PI. 33), a clock -tower,
erected in 1063 as a watch-tower, heightened in 1615, and sur-
mounted by a vane consisting of a figure of Cisa^ the ancient tutelary
goddess of Augsburg. — The Jacobi-Strasse (turn to the left at the
Ferlach-Thurm through the Barfusser-Gasse ; PI. C, D. 3) is still
one of the most characteristic specimens of a medisval street
anywhere extant In the neighbourhood is the Fuggerei, p. 100.

The *Bathliaii8 (PI. 38; bell in the Tesübule to the right; in
summer the keeper is usually to be found in the upper hall), a
handsome edifice in the Renaissance style, was erected in 1616-20,
by Elias HoU. On the gable In front is a large pine-cone in bronze,
the heraldic emblem of the city. The lower vestibule contains an
eagle, with gilded beak and claws, and busts of Roman emperors
from Caesar to Otho. The upper floor contains an antechamber borne
by eight columns of red marble, with a fine Renaissance wooden
ceiling and a statue of Chr. v. Schmid (d. 1854 ; see p. 98), the
educational writer. On the second floor is the '• Golden HalV, o4ft.
in height, lighted by three rows of windows, one above another, with
panelled ceiling supported by the beams and lattice-work above, and
pictures by Kager. The four adjoining rooms {^Fürstenzimmer') also
contain fine wooden ceilings, artistic stoves, and a few mediocre
pictures. The tower commands a good survey of the city and environs.

To the S.W., in the Ludwigs - Platz , is the termination of the
Philippine- Welser-Strasse, in which a Statue of Joh, Jac-. Fugger
(d. 1575) was erected in 1858. To the E. of the monument is the
handsome house (PI. 34) in which Philippine Weiser was born. To
the W. is the MaximUianB-MuBenm (PI. 32), a Renaissance edifice
of the 16th cent., containing the collections of the Historical a^nd
Natural History Society and the Industrial Hall (daily 10-1 and
2-5, in winter 10-12 and 3-4; tickets, 50 pf. each, at Oberdorfer's,
opposite, D. 32). The contents include portraits by Amberger, an
Adoration of the Magi by Qumpolt Oiltlinger, a rare contemporary
of Holbein, and other pictures; also coins, medals, wood-carvings,
pith's work . aqd relics from lake-dwellings and tombs.

1 02 Route 22. AUGSBURG. 8L Ulrich.

Returning a few paces to the left we regain the Maximilians*

Strasse, where there are two fountains, the Mercury, and the

Hercules J executed by Adr. de Vries in 1596-99. — On the right is

the extensive Fnggerhans (PI. 8), the property of Prince Fugger,

adorned with modern frescoes by F. Wagner, illustrative of the

history of the town and the Fugger family.

Subjects of these scenes (from left to right): 1. Emp^^Budolph of Haps-
burg confirms the municipal privileges of Augsburg (1273) ; 2. Emp. Lewis
the Bavarian takes Augsbtirg under his protection (1315) ; o. Jacob Fugger
founds the Fuggerei (1519) \ 4. Emp. Maximilian I. holding his court at Augsburg
(1500) \ 5. Anthony Fugger interceding for the town with Charles V. (1547).
Friezes with allegorical groups of children form a kind of frame to these
paintings. Between the windows of the first floor are the armorial bearings
of distinguished families of Augsburg. Over the principal portal is a Madonna.

The office of the Chamberlain of the Fugger estates, at the back
of the Fuggerhaus, contains the so-called *Fugger Bath Rooms^ two
sumptuous apartments in the Italian style (1570-72), now used
for the meetings and exhibitions of the Augsburg Art Union. —
Opposite is the Arsenal (PI. 44) , an imposing edifice with a facade
by Elias HoU. Above the portal, which bears the inscription
^pacis firmamento, belli instrumento\ is a bronze group, by Reichel,
of •St. Michael overcoming the Ancient Enemy (1607).

At the S. end of the Maximilians -Strasse are the two churches
of St. Ulrich (PI. 26), one Protestant, the other, termed the *Chureh
of St. Ulrich and St. Afra, Roman Catholic. The lofty nave of the
latter was erected in 1467-99, and in 1500 the foundation-stone
of the choir was laid by Emp. Maximilian I. Pictures of that period
on the W. wall represent the ceremony and the procession of the
Emperor with the estates and cardinals. The nave and aisles are
shut off by a highly elaborate iron *Screen, of the 16th cent, which
produces. The three handsome •Renaissance altars date from 1604.
Below that to the right is a vault with a marble sarcophagus con-
taining the remains of Bishop Ulrich (10th. cent.), patron of the see
of Augsburg. The finely carved confessionals date from the beginning
of the 17th cent. In the nave is a Crucifixion in bronze by Reichel
and Neidhardt, cast at the beginning of the 17th century. In the
chapel of St. Bartholomew (left aisle) is a Roman sarcophagus. The
Fugger Chapel, enclosed by a beautiful iron screen, contains the
•Tomb of Hans Fugger (1589), consisting of a marble sarcophagus
and recumbent figure by A. Colin of Malines, which was transferred
hither from the chateau of Kirchheim in 1877 ; also an altar with
fine early -German carvings (14th cent), recently erected. The
beautiful N. portal was added in 1881.

The late-Gothic church of St. Anna (PI. 17), erected in 1472-
1510, with its nave restored in the Renaissance style, contains an
altar-piece representing the Saviour blessing children, portraits of
Luther and Elector John Fred, of Saxony by Cranach, the Wise and
Foolish Virgins by Amberger, Feeding of the Four Thousand by
Rotterihammer^ Portrait of thePatrlcianv.Ostreicher, 'by Van Dyek(? J,

Picture GalUry, AUGSBURG. 22, Route, 103

Christ in Purgatory by Burckmair^ etc. To the left of the altar is a
beautiful relief in stone of the Raising of Lazarus (16th cent). The
paintings on the large organ are by Burckmaier ; those on the smaller
organ are said to be by Holbein the Younger. At the W. extremity
is the richly adorned mortuary chapel of the Fuggers, built by Jacob
Fugger 'the Rich.' Ancient and modern tombstones in the cloisters.
— The Barfasserkirche fPl. 19) contains a few pictures by German
masters of the 17th and loth centuries; and a splendid organ.

The * Picture Gallery, in the old monastery of St. Catharine
(PL 10), is open daily from 9 to 1 (fee). The collection consists
of over 700 paintings from the suppressed churches and con-
vents of Augsburg , the convents of Kaisheim and Schönfeld , the
Boisser^e and Wallersteln cabinets, and the old galleries of Düssel-
dorf, Mannheim, and Zweibrücken. It is chiefly interesting for its
examples of early German masters, containing in particular the best
works of Hans Holbein the Elder and H, Burgkmair, whose names
are identified with the most flourishing period of art in Augsburg

(beginning of the 16th cent.). Catalogue, 2 m.

Vestibüle : The four church fathers, on the four wings of an altar-piece,
by an unknown early German master, influenced by Mantegna. Room I. In
the centre, marble bust of the younger Holbein after his portrait of him-
self at Bale, executed by Lossaw. 16-27. Cycle of paintings belonging to
the old convent of St. Catharine, bearing reference to the indulgence by
which its inmates were exempted from visiting the seven principal churches
of Rome : above, Scenes from the Passion. 16-18. Solbein the Elder ^ Basi-
lica of S. Haria Maggiore (1499); 19. Burgkmair, Basilica of St. Peter (1001);
20-22. Burgkmair^ S. Giovanni in Laterano; 23.Z. F. (7), SS. Lorenzo and Se-
bastian; 24. Burckmair, S. Croce; 25-27. Holbein the Elder ^ S. Paolo. 42, 43.
Wohlgemut. Ascension and Crucifixion; 47-49. Altdorf er ^ Christ on the
Cross and tlietwo malefactors; 50-51 (grisaille) Annunciation ; 62, 53. Burgk'
mair, The Emperor Henry^ II. and St. George ; 66-69. Schaffner^ The Last
Supper, Christ before Pilate, Denial of Peter, Christ washing his disciples'*
feet; 79-82. ZeUhUm^ Legend of St. Valentine; 84-86. Holbein the Elder ^
Triptych , Transfiguration, Feeding of the four thousand , Healing of the
demoniac (1502); 87. The «ame. Passion. — Room II. Netherlands schools.

99. Aart de Gelder ^ Fruit; 109. Sehellincke^ Sea-piece; 118. Van Dyck (?),
Portrait of a marine painter; 97. Snyder»^ Bear-hunt; 121. Cuyp^ Pastoral
scene ; 206, 206. Van Dyck^ Sketches (grisaille) for engravings ; 169. Kndler
(after Van Dyck), Queen Henrietta Maria ; 164. School of Rubens, Arabs fight-
ing with crocodiles — Room III., chiefly Italian artists. 426. Rosalba Car-
riera, Head of a child ; ^. S. Bourdon, Idyl ; 372. Ribera, St. Sebastian ;
266. Millet, Classical landscape. Second division: 266. Tintoretto, Christ
at the house of Mary and Martha. Third division: 382. Jacopo de'' Bar-
bari, Still-life (1504); «388. Parmigianino, Madonna and Child, with a monk ;
*883. Leonardo da Vinei (?), Head of a girl; 287. Marco d'^Oggiowno (more
probably Oian Pietrino), St. Mary Magdalene. Fourth division : 304. J. A,
Koch, St. George and the dragon, in a heroic landscape. Last wall: 271.
Fr. Torbido, Transfiguration. — In the five Cabinets are many excellent
small pictures. I. 631. Jan van 0», Flowers. — II. 635. B. Ouyp, Circum-
cision of Christ ; *120. Ja/n Steen, Merry party : 548. /. van Oetade, Peasant's
hut. — III. 601. Hobbema, Sylvan path; ^23. Philip Wouwerman, Hawking;

100, 569, 584, *566. Fan Ooyen, Landscapes; 563. Pynaeker, A wanderer;
628. Poelenburg^ Waterfall. — IV. 13. Cranach the Elder, Pharaoh and hi»
host overwhelmed in the Red Sea; '*44-46. Burckmair, Christ on the Cross
and the two malefactors (1619) • AUdorfer, Angel-choirs in a church, with
the Holy Family in ftont. — V. Holbein the Elder, 674. Legend of St.
Ulrich; 676. Beheading of St. Catharine (1612); 683-685, Crucifixion, De-

104 Boute23. NEUMARKT.

scent from the Gross, Entom1>meiit ; 8^. Burckmair^ Christ and Mary en-
throned, with saints (1607); 673, 67Ö. Holbein the Elder, Madonna, St. Anna,
and the Infant Christ, Crucifixion of St. Peter: Dffrer, 668, Virgin with the

Sink (1516), 669. The Virgin as mediatrix \ *679. Barihd Bekam , Portrait ;
72. Solbein (? more probably an Italian master). Portrait, said to be of
Petrarch.

The new streets between the town and the railway-station contain
a number of handsome edifices. Thus in the Fugger-Strasse are the
Courts of Law and the new Tlieatrt (PI. 43), and in the Haider-
Strasse the Gymnastic Hall and the Com Market.

On the E. side of the town extends the public Parfc , at the
upper end of which are the large water-works in the Lech called
the 'Ablass*, for conveying water to the town (* Restaurant).

From Augsburg to JlfuntcA, see R. 26.

23. From Nuremberg to Eatisbon.

62 M. Railway in 21/4-5^/4 hrs. — From Nuremberg to Eatisbon by
Schwandorf, see B. 32 and p. 119; from Batisbon to Linz, see B. 33 ; from
Linz to Vienna, BR. 37 and 38.

The line at first leads mainly through woods. 2M. Dutzendttich,
the first station , is a favourite resort of the Nurembergers (tram-
way to Nuremberg, see p. 84). At (7^2 M.) Feucht^ branch-lines
diverge to the left to Altdorf, and to the right to Wendelstein.
From (10 M.) Ochenhn^ , a pleasant walk may be taken into the
romantic Schtoarzaeh'Thal, by Sehwarzenbruck , IV2 M. to the W.
I61/2 M. Postbauer. The line now crosses the Ludwlgs-Canal and
reaches —

22^2^- Heuinarlct an der 8ul% (Oans ; Etfner, near the station),
a prettily -situated little town of 5000 inhab., with popular chaly-
beate and sulphureous springs. The Gothic Church and the 15th
cent. Rathhaus repay Inspection ; the Chateau is now the seat of
the district-authorities. About 3 M. to the E. are the ruins of Wolf-
stein, and the Mariahilßerg, a fine point of view.

The line traverses the broad Sulxihal and entere a wooded and
hUly region. Beyond (29 M.) Deining It crosses the Ldber near
Its source. 35 M. Sevbersdorf; 391/2 M. Parsberg, a large village
picturesquely situated on the slope of a hlU, which is crowned by
an old chateau, now used by the district - authorities. The church
contains a late-Gothic font of the 15th century.

Near (46 M.) Beratikausen the train enters the picturesque
valley of the Schwarze Laber , which at places is of a wild and
romantic character. 50 M. Ldber; 541/2 M. Eichhofen, The line
then describes a wide circuit towards the E. and reaches the
pleasant Nabthal. Near (56 M.) Etterihausen, much frequented by
the inhabitants of Ratisbon , Is the ''Robbers^ Cave\ a lofty dome-
shaped cavern in the rock.

The line follows the slope on the right bank of the Nab,
crosses the Danube near (60 M.) Prüfening, above the point where
the Nab flows Into It, and reaches —

RATISBON. 23. Route, 105

62 M. Batisbon. — Hotels. Goldenes Kbbuz (PI. a), B., L., & A.
2-3 m., D. 21/2 m., B. 80 pf. •, ♦Geunee Kbanz (PI. d), R., L., & A. 3-3,
D. 21/2 m.j 'Keonpeinz (PI. c), E., L., & A. 2, D. 21/2 m.; Weissbb Hahn
(PI. b), near the bridge ; Hotel National (PI. f) ; Weidenhof ^ Eabme-
LITKNBBÄÜ ; HoOHSTETTEB , the last four in the Maximilians - Str. ; Post,
Bom-Str., unpretending.

Restaurants. ^'Railway Restaurant; Neuet ffaus^ by the theatre; Weitte
Lilt«, near the station ; Ouldengarten (with garden) ^ Witrstküehe, with quaint
rooms, below the bridge (open 6-11 a.m.).

wine Booms. "Diem zum Grünen Baum, Ludwig-Str. ; Qeiling, Glocken-
gasse B. 31. — Beer. Bischo/shof, near the cathedral; Weisses Bräuhaus,
Schwarze Bären-Str. ; Jesuitenbräu, Obermünstergasse; B6lkmd*s Brewery,
Untere Bachgasse; P/alUr'^s Brewery, Ludwigs-Str. ; Katharinenspital , in
8tadt-am-Hof, immediately to the left of the bridge ; etc. — Schillfisch and
Scheidfisch, or Waller, are esteemed varieties of fish.

Fost-Offioe : Dom-Sttasse, opposite the S. side of the cathedral. — Tele-
graph-Offiee, in the Keupfarr-Plats.

Steamboat to JDonaustat^f ( Walhalla) from the Untere Wöhrd near the
lower bridge (PI. D, 2) in summer 3 times daily in 40 min. (return 1 hr.) ;
fare there and back 1st class 1 m. 40 pf., 3nd el. 1 m. — Oarriages.
OTU'horse carr. (1-2 pers.) to Donaustauf 3 m.^ to the Walhalla 3V2 m.»
there and back with stay of IV2 hr. 7 m. Two-horse carr. to Donaustauf
for 1-2 pers. 4, for 3-4 pers. 5 m., to the Walhalla 5 or 6 m.. there and
back with stay of IVa hr. 10 or 13 m. (The hirer should insist on being
driven up to the Walhalla, as the drivers are apt to stop at the foot of
the hill.)

Baths (20 pf.) at the Obere Wöhrd; Swimming Baths at the Untere
Wöhrd.

RatUbon, or Regensburg (1010 ft.), beautifully situated at the
confluence of the Da2iul>e and Regen, with 36,000 inhab. (6000
Prot.), tbe Castra Regina of the Romans, the Celtic Ratisibona, and
since the 8th cent, the seat of an episcopal see founded by St. Bo-
niface, was from the 11th to the 15th cent, the most flourishing
and populous city of S. Germany. At an early period it was a free
town of the Empire, and from 1663 to 1806 the permanent seat of
the Imperial Biet. By the Peace of Lunevllle it was adjudged to
the Primate Balberg ; and in 1810 it became Bavarian, after the
disastrous defeat of the Austrians beneath its walls the preceding
year, when a large part of the town had been reduced to ashes.

Some of the numerous mediaßval houses still retain the armorial
bearings of their ancient owners , especially those in the Scherer-
Strasse (or 'Street of Ambassadors'), where the former residences of
seTeral ambassadors to the Diet are situated. Many houses also still
possess their towers of defence , erected by the mediaßval nobles,
a reminiscence of early German civic life now peculiar to Batisbon
alone. Of these the Goldene Thurm in the Wallerstrasse is the most
conspicuous, near which, in the Wadmarkt, is the Hochapfel-Thurm,
bearing a relief said to be a portrait of £mp. Henry I. The Ooliath,
the ancestral residence of the powerful Tundorffer family, opposite
the bridge, the so-called Römer Thurm, near the former ducal resi-
dence in the Kornmarkt, and that by the 'Golden Cross' hotel,
may also be mentioned. Ratisbon ranks among the earliest homes
of art in Germany, and even in the late Carlovingian and immedi-
ately succeeding periods possessed numerous interesting buildings.

106 RouU23, RATISBON. Cathedral,

The lower part of the semicircular tower on the TS. side of the ca-
thedral close still contains remains of Boman masonry. Several parts of
the old Roman walls have been found during building operations, but
they have all been again covered in. During the construction of the
railway-station in 1870-74 a large Boman and Merovingian burial-ground
was discovered; the objects found here were deposited in the Roman
museum in the church of St. Ulrich.

The * Cathedral (PL 5) of St. Peter was begun by Bishop Leo
Tundorffer on the site of an earlier edifice in 1275, and completed
during the following centuries , with the exception of the towers.
The symmetrical proportions of the Interior resemble those of Strass-
burg Cathedral. Peculiarities of construction are that the transept
does not project beyond the sides of the aisles , and that the choir
is destitute of the ambulatory and radiating chapels usual in Gothic
churches. The beautiful W. facade with the chief portal and a
curious triangular *Portico , is of the 15th century. Many of the
stalned'glass windows are modern. A gallery, with perforated stone
balustrade , is carried round the roof, whence a good survey of the
town may be enjoyed. On the N. side of the transept rises the
Eselsthurm , or Asses' Tower , containing a winding inclined plane.
The elegant open *Towers were completed In 1859-69 hyDenzinger;
a slender wooden spire, coated with zinc, has been raised above the
cross. Length of interior 306 ft., breadth 125 ft. ; nave 132ft. high.
— The sacristan lives in a small house in the garden at the back
of the choir ; enter by the railing on the S. side.

The nave contains a monument in bronze erected in 1598 to Bishop
Philip William, Duke of Bavaria. In a niche in the N. aisle, partly
concealed from view, is the monument of the Primate Prince Dalberg
(d. 1817) , designed by Ganova, and executed in white marble. On the N.
side of the choir the ^Monument of Margaretha Tücher in bronze, by F.
Vischer (1521 ; see p. 86), representing Christ with the sisters of Lazarus.
On the opposite wall of the choir is marble relief in memory of Bishop
Herberstein (d. 1663), representing Christ feeding the five thousand. Ad-
jacent, the altar-tomb of Bishop Wittmann (d. 1833). On the S. side of
the choir are two other modern monuments to bishops, by Eberhard \ near
them a well 66 ft. in depth, with an elegant covering sculptured in stone,
executed in 1501 by the cathedral - architect Wolfgang Roritzer, who was
beheaded in 1514, for ^rebellion against the imperial authority". The
aisles contain five altars with handsome Gothic canopies and modern
pictures. The finest of these is in the N. aisle, with statues of Emp. Fred-
erick II. and the Empress Cunigunde. The high -altar, presented in
1785 by the Prince-Bishop Count Fugger, is entirely of silver; adjoining
it is the elegant ^Ciborium, 56 ft. in height, with numerous statuettes,
partly executed by Roritzer in 1493. Late- Gothic pulpit of 1482. An
elegant open gallery runs round the interior of the church below the win-
dows. The treasury contains old and costly crucifixes, reliquaries, and
other valuables.

The *' Cloisters on the N. side of the cathedral are shown by the sacris
tan. The central hall contains beautifully • sculptured windows of the
16th cent. ; the pavement is formed by the tombstones of canons and patri-
cians of Ratisbon. A<\)oining this hall on the E. is the Romanesque All
Saints^ Chapel, erected in 1164, with the remains of early frescoes and an
interesting antique altar. On the N. side of the cloisters is the Old Cathedral
{St. St^hetCs)^ a very early building in the circular style, with four re-
cesses in the sides. The altar in the apse, a block of stone partly hol-
lowed out, with elegant little round-arched windows, in which relics are
said once to have been kept, is evidently of great antiquity.

Rathhaus, RATISBON. 23. Route. 107

Just beyond the cathedral is the church of St. TJlrich, or the
Alte Pfarre^ a curious but elegant building in the transition-style
of the first half of the 13th century. It is now used as a receptacle
for the older collections of the HiatorietU Society (see below), in-
cluding prehistoric remains and the Roman Museum with several
sarcophagi and over thirty inscriptions. The galleries contain
the bronzes and other smaller antiquities (adm. daily 9-5, 50 pf.;
catalogue 80 pf.).

The BathhauB (PI. 17), a gloomy, irregular pile, was partly
erected in the 14th cent. ; the more modern portion was begun after
1660. The Imperial Diet held its sessions here from 1663 to 1806.
Fine facade towards the Rathhaus-Platz, with elegant bow-window
and handsome portal. Cards of admission are obtained at the police
guard-room (50 pf . for each person).

The spacious Imperial Hall contains what is groundlessly alleged to
be the imperial throne of 1671, covered with leather and studded with
numerous brass nails. On the ceiling is a large imperial eagle. The
stained-glass windows exhibit the armorial bearings of Emperors Charles V.
and Matthias. In the EUetori* Room is preserved tapestry of the 14-15Ü1
cent. , representing the contest of the virtues and the vices , and pieces of
the 15th-l7th cent., with Biblical, mythological, and hunting scenes. The
Deputation Room (entered from the gallery of the ImperiaJ Hall) con-
tains old flags, portraits, etc. In the Model Room are eighty-eight models of
buildings in Ratisbon, antiquities, etc. The visitor is also conducted into
subterranean chambers and dungeons, among which is a torture-chamber.

The Bollinger House j opposite the Rathhaus, contains an inter-
esting hall, with reliefs of the 15th century (visitors admitted).

The Collections of the Historical Society (PI. 20; see above)
are exhibited on the second floor of a house adj,oining the Rathhaus,
Haidplatz D 93 and 94. They comprise archives and a library, an-
cient and other coins, drawings, wood-cuts, seals, weapons, pictures,
etc. (For admission apply to the custodian in St. Ulrich's church.)
On the third floor are the collections of the Zoological and Minera-
logical Society (open on the first Sunday of each month) , and the
herbarium and library of the Bavarian Botanical Society , which is
the oldest in Germany , having been founded in 1790. The same
building accommodates the New Gymnasium , the Jewish School,
and the Commercial School,

In the immediate neighbourhood is the hotel ^Zum Ooldnen
Kreus' (PI. a), the massive tower on the E. side of which bears a
medallion-portrait of Don John of Austria (modem). This celebrated
general, a natural son of the £mp. Charles Y. and the beautiful
Barbara Blumberger, was bom at Ratisbon on 25th Feb., 1547. The
Emperor lodged at the 'Gblden Gross' during the Diet of 1546, but
the assertion that Don John was bom in this house is without
foundation. — The Trinity Church (Prot.) is situated on the Oel-
berg (PL B. 3). In the wall of the adjacent court are a number of
curious rococo tombstones.

The celebrated Romanesque portal of the Schottenkirohe fPl.
10), or church of the Benedictine Abbey of St. James (till 1862 a

108 BouU 23, RATISBON. 8t. Emmercan.

monastery of Irish monks) is adorned with singular sculptures in
stone, consisting of figures of men and animals, perhaps sym-
bolical of the victory of Christianity over paganism. The church,
a basilica in the later Romanesque style of the 12th cent., containing
columns with interesting old capitals, lately underwent a thorough
restoration. The buildings of the monastery were considerably en-
larged in 1862, and now serve as a seminary for priests.

In the immediate vicinity, outside the Jacobsthor , is a Gothic
Column of 1459 with scriptural representations and statues of saints,
restored in 1855. — The Predigeraäule , or Preacher^ 8 Column, out-
side the Petersthor , with interesting reliefs of the 13th or 14th
cent., was restored in 1858.

The Gothic Church of the Mmontes (PI. 8), dating from the be-
ginning of the 14th cent. , with an elegant and lofty choir , is now
partly employed as a military storehouse , and the adjacent mon-
astery as a barrack.

The old Benedictine Abbey of St. Emmeram (PI. 11), one
of the most ancient in Germany, was founded as early as 652, and
extended and embellished by Charlemagne. The church, a Ro-
manesque basilica , was restored at the beginning of last century
in the degraded style of the period. — The sacristan^s house is to

the right of the church.

The entrance is from the Emmerams-Platz , through a double portal, above
which is an almost obliterated fresco. Between the doors is a relief doors
of Christ bearing the Gross (1511). On the wall to the right are blind archea
resting upon columns: to the left in the garden is the isolated church tower,
adorned with statues (;i6th cent.). The porch adjoining the church-door con-
tains an ancient stone seat. On the wall to the right is the tombstone of
the historian Aventin (d. 1584). The principal altar-piece is a painting by
Sandrart, representing the martyrdom of St. Kmmeram; in front of the
altar inscribed stones denote the tombs of Emp. Amulph and £mp. Lewis
the Child. The aisles contain some interesting ancient sculptures; in the
left aisle : monuments of Empress Uta, wife of Amulph (erected in the i3th
cent.)} Count Warmund v. Wasserburg (d. 1010); Dukes Amulph (d. 937)
and Henry (d. 996) of Bavaria; and St. Aurelia, daughter of Hugh Capet
(d. 1027), erected in 1336. This aisle also contains the altar of the mar-
tyred Maximanius, with hJs relies ; and a cabinet (opened by the sacristan)
with relics of SB. Emmeram and Wolfgang, reliquaries, ecclesiastical an-
tiquities, etc. In the vaulted treasury are a handsome sarcophagus, hewn
at Batisbon in 1423 and containing the relics of St. Emmeram, and other
curiosities. Below the W. choir is the crypt of St. Wolfgang, dating from
the ilth and 12th cent, and restored in iSTo.

The extensive abbey-buildings have been the residence of the
Princes of Thurn and Taxis since 1809. On the S. side of the church
are fine old cloisters of the 13th and 14th centuries. In the centre
is the burial-place of the family, a modern mortuary chapel with
stained-glass windows, containing a statue of Christ in the choir by
Dannecker (p. 8). The interior of the Riding School, on the right of
the palace, is adorned with sculptures by Schwanthaler.

The St. Emmerams-Platz, opposite the entrance to the church,
is embellished with a Statue of Bishop Sailer (d. 1832), erected by
Lewis I. in 1868.

Walhalla, RATISBON. 23. Route. 109

The Fürstengarten at the hack of the palace is no longer open
to the public. In the Anlagen , or pleasure-grounds , which have
l>een laid out on the site of the old ramparts , stands, outside the
Peters-Thor, a small circular temple (PI. 51), erected in 1808, with
a bust of Kepler the astronomer, who died here in 1630 whilst on
a journey ; below is a relief in marble. Near it is an obelisk on
a lofty pedestal, erected to the memory of the prince by whom the
promenades were first planned (1806). The Anlagen also contain
'several other monuments.

The R(yyal Villa in the Gothic style , situated on an old bastion
at the lower end of the town, near the Ostenthor, commands an ex-
tensive view.

An old stone bridge over the Danube , 380 yds. in length , con-
structed in the 12th cent., connects Ratisbon with Stadt am Hof,
a suburb on the opposite bank, which was almost entirely burned
down by the Austrians in 1809. Below Stadt am Hof the Regen, on
which vast quantities of timber are floated down from the Bavarian
Forest (p. 183), empties its turbid brown water into the Danube.

A pleasant walk may be taken through Stadt am Hof to the Drei-
faltigkeiUberg and the (21/« M.) Seidenplantage (Restaurant, with fine view,
best by evening light).

On the left bank of the Danube, about 6M. to the E. of Batisbon
(steamboat, see p. 105), lies the village of Bonaustanf (Inn Zur Wal-
haUa, at the £. end), with a park of the Prince of Thum and
Taxis. On an abrupt limestone rock above the village rise the
V4 hr.) ruins of the castle of Stauf, destroyed by the Swedes in
642 , and embellished ynth. pleasure-grounds (view preferable to
that from the "Walhalla).

Two routes ascend from Donaustauf to the "Walhalla; one
immediately to the left from the inn (at first a carriage-road , then
by a footpath to the right through shrubberies and past the house of
the custodian) , approaching the Walhalla from the back , and pre-
ferable on account of the view which is suddenly disclosed. The
other, a footpath, ascends direct to the grand flight of 2Ö0 steps by
which the edifice is approached from the Danube.

The * Walhalla (i. e. 'Hall of the Chosen', the Paradise of the an-
cient Germanic tribes), a German 'Temple of Fame', stands very con-
spicuously on a hill 323 ft. in height. This magnificent edifice,
founded by King Lewis in 1830, designed by Klenze, and complet-
ed in 1842, cost upwards of 14 million florins (about 1,200,000 i.).
Admission daily 8-12 and 3-7, in winter 9-12 and 2-4 (free).

The ExTBRxoB (246 ft. long, 115 ft. broad), surrounded by its fifty-two
fluted columns, a fine example Of the purest Doric order, closely re-
sembling the Parthenon at Athens, is massively constructed of unpolished
grey marble (most of it quarried at the Untersberg ; some of the blocks
about fifteen tons in weight). The Pediments both in front and in the
rear contain groups in marble: S., towards the Danube, a representation of
Oermania, regaining her liberty after the battle of Leipsic; K. the *Her-
mannschlacht^ or Battle of Arminius, both by Schteanthaler (d. 1848). The
roof is constructed of iron and covered with plates of copper.

$

110 Route 23. RATISBON.

The Interiob , of the Ionic order, consiflta of a superb hall 180 ft. long,
50 ft. broad, and 56 ft. high, with richly decorated and gilded ceiling, and
lighted from above. The pavement is of marble-mosaic. The lateral walls
are divided into six sections by means of projecting buttresses, two on each
side , and are lined with marble. The beams of the ceiling are supported
by 14 painted Walkyries (warrior-virgins of the ancient German Paradise),
by Schtoanthaler. Around the entire hall runs a frieze, executed by Waffner,
representing in 8 sections the history and life of the Germanic race down
to the introduction of Christianity. The busts are arranged chronologically
(beginning on the left side by the entrance) in groups, separated by six ad-
mirable **yiCTosiE8 by Rauch (the finest of which is that in the middle of
the left side). At the farther extremity is the 'opisthodomos% separated
from the principal hall by two Ionic columns. The general effect of the
interior is grand and impressive, although the association of classical Greek
architecture with an ancient barbarian Paradise and modern German celebri-
ties may appear somewhat incongruous. — The ^Bdsts, 101 in number, re-
present celebrated Germans who were deemed worthy by the illustrious
founder to grace his temple of fame. Among them are the emperors Henry the
Fowler, Fred. Barbarossa, and Rudolph of Hapsburg \ also Gutenberg, Dürer,
Luther (not admitted till after the abdication of King Lewis), Wallenstein,
Fred, the Great, Blücher, Schwarzenberg , and Badetzky^ Lessing, Mozart,
Kant, Schiller, Goethe, etc.

*yiew of tbe dark slopes of the Bavarian Forest; below the

spectator flows the Danube , beyond it stretches the fertile plain of

Straubing ; right, Donaustauf and Ratisbon ; left, in clear weather, the

snow-capped Alps. The hill itself is surrounded by oak-plantations

and pleasant promenades.

An excursion to the *Befr9iungthalU , or *Hall of Liberation', at Kel-
heim is also recommended (see p. Ill; there and back in 5hrs., using the
mid-day train.

24. From Ratisbon to Donauwörth (and Augsburg),

Railwat to (18 M.) Kelheim in 1 - IVs hr. ; to (46 M.) IngoUtadt in
2V2-3 hrs.; to (78V2 M.) Donauwörth in 5V2-7 hrs.} to (87V2 M.) Augsburg
in 6 hrs.

The line passes under the Nuremberg and Ratisbon railway
at Pruftning (p. 104), and crosses the Danube^ which is here
pressed by the spurs of the FranconianJura, by a long iron bridge.
4 M. Sinzing, at the mouth of the Schwarte Laber (branch-line to
Ailing, with considerable paper-mills). The train now runs
through a picturesque district on the left bank of the Danube. Op-
posite (9 M.) Our^delshausen, on the right bank of the Danube, is
Obemdorf, where the Count Palatine Otho of Wittelsbach, the
murderer of the German King Philip (p. 68), was overtaken and
slain in 1208. Farther on is Abbach, the birthplace of Emp. Henry
the Saint (972), with sulphur -baths, a new church, and a ruined
castle. We then cross the Danube and reach the station of (12 M.)
Abbachy 2^2 ^' from the village. The train skirts the TeufeU'
feUen, where numerous Roman coins were found during the con-
struction of the railway in 1873. The Befreiungshalle is visible to
the left. On the Ringberg are well-defined traces of an extensive

Roman camp. — 1572 ^* Saal,

To Kblhsim (3 M.), branch-line in 10 minutes. The station lies on the
right bank of the Danube, which is crossed by a new and handsome bridge.

KELHEIM. 24. Route. Ill

On the left bank are the Local Oovemment 0/ßces^ formerly a chateau of
the Dnkes of Bavaria^ in the garden are the remains of a Boman watch-
tower.

Kelheim C'Deutscher Hof; ^Ehrenthallery * Obermeyer, at the Donauthor ;
Haberl, Lang, restanranta with gardens and view : carr. with one horse
to tiie Befreiungshalle and back to the station, 172 hr., 8 m.) is a busy
little town with partly preserved walls and gates, at the influx of the Alt-
milhl, and through it of the Ludwigs-Canal (p. 65) into the Danube. The
market is adorned with statues of Lewis I. and Maximilian II. by ffalbig.
The late-Gothic Church (1468), lately restored and adorned with polychrome
painting, contains altars of white Kelheim limestone. The fine group (Co-
ronation of the Virgin) on the high-altar is by Obermeyer; on the altar
to the left is a Pieta by Veit Stoss, on that to the left a St. Anna by
Knobl. The choir-frescoes are from drawings by Klein of Vienna.

The *Befreiung8halle (^Hall of Liberation**), on the Michaelsberg, to
the W. of the town, a magnificent classical edifice, designed by Gärtner
and Klenze, was founded by Lewis I. in 1842, and inaugurated on 18th
Oct., 1863, the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Leipsic. A rotunda,
191 ft. in height, is borne by a substruction 23 ft. high, and is reached by
a flight of 84 steps. On the exterior are 18 colossal female figures, emble-
matical of different German provinces; in front of, and below these,
18 candelabra ; on the coping above the external arcade, 18 trophies. The
interior , which is entirely lined with coloured marble , contains *34 Vic-
tories in Carrara marble by Schwanthaler ; between these are 17 bronze
shields made of the metal of captured French guns, bearing names of vic-
tories. Above the arcades are the names of 16 German generals on white
marble tablets \ higher up , the names of 18 captured fortresses. Below
these is a gallery borne by 72 granite columns, ^ ft. in height, with bases
and capitals of white marble. The richly-fretted dome , 70 ft. in height
and 1(» ft. in width, is lighted by a cupola 19 ft. in diameter. Opposite
the portal is a staircase ascending to the inner gallery, which affords a
good survey of the interior (fine echo). A narrow staircase leads thence to
the outer gallery, where a view of the valleys of the Danube and Altmühl
is exgoyed. — Admission daily 8-12 and 2-6 o''clock. The custodian (fee)
lives in a house a short distance to the left.

A pleasant excursion may be made from Kelheim up the *AltmühI-
thai to (lOVz M.) Riedenburg (carr., in 1^/4 br., 6 m., with two horses 9 m.).
The road follows the left bank of the Altmühl, skirting a bare hillside
with NethKelheim and the extensive Kelheim Quarries, and passes Orons-
dorf and (2V2 M.) Oberau. To the right, halfway up the hill, is the Schul-
lerloch, a large cavern affording a fine view of the valleys of the Altmühl
and the Danube (Restaurant). (Pedestrians should follow the road to the Be-
freiungshalle on the right bank of the Altmühl, as far as the first kilo-
metre-stone, and then take the footpath to the right, skirting the wood and
leading towards the Schottenhof, above which, at the Bessetberger in the Au^ is
a ferry to the Schullerloch. Or they may continue to follow the right bank
to Behellnecky Alt-Essing and Keu-Essing.] 4V2 M. Neu-Essing (Graf '^s Brew-
ery), commanded by the ruin of Randeck. 1^2 M. Mushavsen (Brewery);
to the right, on a precipitous and isolated rock, the chateau of FYunn.
To the left diverges a footpath to the Klamm , a mass of rock towering
amid the woods on the hillside to the right, and affording a good survey
of the Altmühlthal (direct and shady footpath hence to Riedenburg). —
IOV2 M. Riedenburg (Post; Riemho/er) possesses three castles (Rosenburg,
Räbenstein, and Tachenstein), situated on projecting spurs, which appear to
close up the valley. To the left opens the pretty Schambachthal.

The Valley of the Danube between Kelheim and (3M.) Weltenburg is very
picturesque. The barren and rugged rocks, the gorges and summits of
which are wooded, rise abruptly from the river to a height of 300-400 ft.
Each of the more conspicuous rocks is named from some fanciful resem-
blance or from some legend, such as the Three Brothers, Maiden, Peter
and Paul, Pulpit, Napoleon , etc. The Benedictine Abbey of Weltenburg,
founded by Duke Thassilo of Bavaria in 775 and rebuilt in the 18th cent.,
lies below a strongly -fortified Roman station. The present church is a

112 Route 2d, ABENSBEBG. From Batishon

neat Bococo structure. The best plan is to take the train to stat. T?uil-
dorf^ walk thence to the (3 M.) Tillage and 0/t M.) abbey of Welten-
burg or direct to the latter (3 M.), and then descend the river in a small
boat (1-6 pers. to Trannthal 2, to Eelhetm 3 m.) to the monastery CJn^«terr)
of TrauniJuU^ romantically situated on the left bank (pleasant garden-
restaurant), whence a walk of 20 min. through wood bring« us to the
Befreiungshalle. A good forest-path leads in 1 hr. from the Befreiungshalle
to the bank of the Danube opposite Weltenburg (ferry). Three so -called
^Roman Walls', probably of pre-Roman origin, cross the ridge between the
valleys of the Danube and the Altmtthl; one of them is apwards of
2M. long.

The line now qnits the Danube, and runs to the S.W. through
the wooded and hilly valley of the Hopfehbach. 20 M. Thaldorf,
The train then traverses the N. part of the IJoUedany an extensive
hop-growing district. 25 M. Abensberg (Kuchelbauef)j a small
town on the AbensflusSj with an old castle (now a public office) and
an interesting Carmelite church in the Gothic style. Napoleon de-
feated Archduke Charles here in 1809. To the S. are the pilgrim-
age-church of AlUrsdorf and the Romanesque abbey -church of

Bifeury (1125-60).

From Abensberg a road leads "S.W. to (472 M.) Fining, on the Danube,
near which are the interesting remains of the Boman bordei -station of
Abueina, the chief Boman military post in Bavaria. [EinJng is 6 H. from
Neustadt (see below), from which it may be reached by a footpath vii
Oögging^ a village with a strong sulphureous spring and an old Roman-
esque church-portal.] The Romans recognized the importance of this spot
as the junction of the military roads connecting the Danube territories with
.the Rhine and with Oaul, and as soon as they had conquered the district
(B. C. 16) they established a station here, which they maintained, with
three interruptions, down to the end of their sway (oth cent.). The re-
mains, which have been brought to light since 1879, include a great part
of the 8. castrum, a bath, with a hypocaust in still usable condition under
the floor, and the bath-keeper''0 house. A guide may be obtained at the
parsonage, where some of the small objects found in the excavations are
preserved; most of them are in the collection of the Historical Society at
Landshnt.

From Eining (Inn; better, Skipberger^s Brewery, in Hienheim, opposite)
we may ascend the Danube by boat to 0 M .) Weltenburg (1-6 pers. 6 m.,
each addit. pers. 60 pf.) and Eelheim. Baderßeek (%ocns Hadriani'), on the
left bank, marks the end of the Limes Eomanus (Teu/eltmauer, Pfahlrain)^
a frontier-rampart with towers, constructed by the Emp. Trajan and Ha-
drian in 99-138 to protect the Roman Empire against the incursions of the
Germans. It extended from the Danube, past Weissenburg am Sand (p. 116),
to Wiesbaden, on the Rhine. — A pleasant walk may be taken from Hien-
heim across the Teufelflmauer, through the Hienheimer Forest, with its
mighty oaks, and past Schlott to the Klamm and (SVs hrs.) Riedenhurg
or (3 hrs.) Neu~Essing in the Altmühlthal (see p. 111).

Beyond (28^2 ^0 Neustadt an der Donau the district gradually
becomes flatter. The train skirts the extensive forest of Dilmhuch,
33^2 M. Münchsmünster , on the /2m, formerly a Benedictine abbey.
37V2 M. Vohburg (the town is on the Danube, 3 M. to the N.E.);
46 M. Ingolstadt (p. 117).

FsoM Ingolstadt to Auosbdbq, 41 If ., railway in 2 hrs. (fares). The
scenery is monotonous, the line running at first along the E. margin of
the Donaumoos (see below). S^/z M. Zuchering; IdVs ^* Schrobenhausen,
a town on the Paar^ with a late-Gothic brick church of the 16th cen-
tury. 22 M. Radersdorf; 25V« ^* Aichach; near the latter, to the K.E.,
is the ruined castle of Wittelsbach , ancestral seat of the reigning house

Donauwörth. . NEÜBÜRG. 24. Route. 118

x)f Bavaria, destroyed in 1209, with an obelisk erected in 1832. 32 M.
Dcuing; 37 H. Friedberg ^ an ancient little town on the Ach, wiUi a mo-
dem church, decorated with frescoes by F. Wagner; SS'/a M. Hochzoll (p.
118) The train then crosses the Lech and reaches Auffsburff (p. 99).

The railway to Donauwörth trayerses the Votuiumoos, an
extensive marshy district, which has daring the last century
been gradually drained and brought under cultlvation. 51 Y2 M^>
Weiehering ; 541/2 M. Rohren f eld , with a royal stud. 58 M. Neu-
burg (Post) J a pleasant town with 7796 inhab., on the slope of a
hill rising from the Danube. The older par^ of the imposing Chateau
of the Dukes of Pfalz-Neuburg is now a barrack. The W. wing,
in the Renaissance style, added by Elector Otho Henry in 1538,
contains the district archlyes. The fine vaulted gateway and
two rooms with rich wooden ceilings deserve inspection. The
JJiBtorical Society possesses four large pieces of tapestry executed
In the 16th century. The Ho/2ctrcAe , adjoining the chateau , con-
tains a valuable collection of ecclesiastical vestments of the 18th
century. Herr Grasegger possesses a collection of antiquities found
in the duchy of Neuburg. The town library and the old throne
room in the town-hall are also interesting.

The line now traverses a somewhat uninteresting district,
keeping at a distance of 1-3 M. from the right bank of the Danube.
At (62 M.) Unterhausen , the chateau of Stepperg ^ the property of
Count Arco-Stepperg , is seen in the distance to the right , amid
the woods on the other side of the river. Farther on is BertholdS'
heim, a large chateau belonging to Count Dumoulin. 66 M. Burg*
heim; 71 M. Rain (p. 99). The line crosses the Lech to stat.
Oenderkingen, beyond which it unites with the Augsburg Railway,
crosses the Danube, and reaches. --*

78 V2 M. Donauwörth (p. 98).

25. From Frankfort to Munich by Ansbach and

Ingolstadt.

252 H. Bailwat in lO-lSVs hrs. See also p, 51. The Munich express at
11.17 a.m, starts from the £. Station.

As far as Würiburg, see R. 14. The Anshach line here turns to
the S. ; to the right a glimpse of the Marienberg is obtained. Near
(85 M,) Heidingsfeld , once a fortified town , of which the church-
tower alone is visible, it crosses the Main and traverses its vine-clad
bank (the Heidelberg line diverges to the right, see p. 60). 89 M.
Winterhausen; diM^.Qosamannsdorf; 94 M. ÖcÄÄcn/^urt (old Roman-
esque church and fine portal of St. Michaers) ; 97 M. Markthreit
(where the Main is quitted, and the W. slopes of the Steiger Wald
approached) ; 104 M. Herrribergtheim ; IO8Y2 M. Uffenheim ; 1 12 M.
ErmeUihofen; 1161/2 M. SUinach.

Bbaikjh Bailwat from Steinach yi& Eartenhqfe» in V« ^^' ^0 C^ ^-^
Bothanbiirf on the Tauber (Birsch^ Sehmiedegasse, with fine view, R. 1 m.
40, B. 60 pf.; Bär, B. 1, D. Im.; Lamm. — Beer at Diekhaufi, HacMeVe-i
and Beck'». ■— Photographs at MerberVe, Herrengasse 19}} a small town

Baedbkeb's S. Germany. 6th Edit. 8

114 Route 26, ROTHENBURG. From Fräfikf ort

with 6500 inhab., which presents with its red-tiled houses and well-pre>
'served fortifications, even more strikingly than Nuremberg, the pietur-
resque aspect of a Oerman mediaeval fortified town. As in Nuremberg
the churches are built in the Gothic, the secular buildings in the Re-
naissance style. Rothenburg is already spoken of as a town in a docu-
ment of 942, and from 1274 to 1803 it was a free city of the Empire. In
the 14th and 15th cent, it was an energetic member of the Franconian
League, and in 1520 it formed an alliance with the insurgent peasantry.
The inhabitants embraced the tenets of the Reformation in 1543. Daring
the Thirty Years* War the town was repeatedly besieged and taken,

A visit of 3-4 hrs. suffices for a rapid inspection of the points of in-
terest. From the railway» station we walk to (5 min), the Röder-Thor,
the B. entrance of the town, and thence to (5 min.) the Haeket. In
front of us is the wide Herrengasse; to the left diverges the Obere
Schmiedegasse, containing the so-called Jfau« des Baumeisters (No. 343), with
its handsome la^ade adorned with Caryatides and its ancient court. At
the beginning of the Herrengasse (see below), to the left, is the Fouxtain cf
8t, Oeorge, erected in 1006, and to the right rises the imposing^JSafAAotM,
the older part of which is in the Gothic style, with a tower 290 ft. high,
while the later is a beautiful Renaissance structure of 1578, with a pro-
jecting rustica portico and balcony, an oriel, and an elaborate spiral
Staircase. The staircase in the interior of the older building ascends to
a vestibule with a fine timber-roof supported by Ionic columns.' Beyond
this is the spacious Court-room CKaisersaar), in which an annual festival
celebrates the capture of the town by Tilly in 1631* (A picture by Schach
in the Council Room , on the upper floor of the new Rathhaus, refers to
the same event). In the cellars are torture -chambers and prison - cells.
In the court is an antique Renaissance portal. The tower (193 steps) com-
mands a splendid view of the town and the Taaberthal.

The neighbouring church ot*St, James (JaeobsHrche)^ with its two to-
wers, was built in 1373-1471 and is remarkable for the beauty of its propor-
tions and the purity of Its style (restored in 1861). There is a choir both at
the E. and W. end, but no transept. The church contains three fine carved
wooden altars: the altar of the Holy Blood, dating from 1478; the Vir-
gin's Altor, of 1300 (?); and the high-altar of 1388, with wings painted
by Fritz Herten (1466). The beautiful stained-glass windows of the choir
date from the end of the 14th cent, and were restored in 1866. The
sacristan lives opposite the E. choir (fee 60 pf.). Adjoining the W. choir,
below which a street passes, is a handsome Renaissance house with an
oriel, now used as a parsonage. The Oymnasium, also near the church,
was built in 1669-91.

Passing below the W. choir of the Jacobskirche and proceeding'towards
the N. we soon reach the Klingen-Thor and the small Church of 81. Wol/-
gang, a Gothic structure of 1473-63, the N. side of which forms part (4 the
town-wall. — A pleasant pi'omenaae outside the wall leads to the left to
(6-8 min.) the gate of the grounds laid out On a hill once occupied by a
vastle of the Hohenstaufen (fine view of the town and of tiie deep Taaber-
thal). The gate stands at the end of the Herrengasse^ which leads henee
to the market (see above). In the Herrengasse are the early-Gothic Fran-
eisean Church (keys kept by the sacristan) and several houses of ancient
patricians of Rothenburg, among the most noteworthy of which are the
ancient Benmeter^sche Haus (No. 44, on the right) and the StaudVeche Haus
(No. 19, on the left) with a curious old court. The house No. 48 also
has a fine court.

The above-mentioned Schmiedegasse and its prolongation the SpitaI->
gasse lead past the Gothic Church of St. John, with the JohaniUrhe/ (now
district offices), and the BpUal (1670-76) to the Bpitalthor , a fortified
gateway with a circular bastion (1542). Turning to the right outside the
gate, and after 200 paces following the narrow footpath which leads in a
straight direction from the tower by the edge of the meadow we reach
the Essigkrug, a hill commanding a good view of the town from the S.
side. Below, in the Tauberthal, are the late-Gothic CoboUeiler KircMein
and the old oridge over the Tauber (1390), with its double row of arches.

to Munich. ANSBACH. 25, Route. 115

Farther up isthe Wildbad (Hotel: garden > restaurant), where there is a
cold sulphur-spring. To the N. of town, about IV2 M. off, is the old vil-
lage of Deiwang (Inn, wine), with a very fine carved *Altar.

A Diligence plies daily in 21/2 hrs. from Rothenburg to (11 If.) C^if-
lingen (*Lamm). The adjacent HergoUkapelle (1/4 hr.) contains a celebrated
carved ** Altar (uncoloured) by Tilman Riemenschneider. (The old road
to Creglingen commands, before Sehtearzenbronn ^ a pretty *Glimpse of
Rothenburg.) From Creglingen a diligence runs thrice daily in ^V« hrs.
to (11 M.) WeiiersJieim (p. 22). — A diligence also plies firom Rothenburg
daily in 3 hrs. to Roth am See (p. 22), and in 3 hrs. via 8chilling»/ürtt
(Bremer) to Dombühl (p. 22). — Carriage from Rothenburg to Schrozherg
(p. 22) in 2 hrs., 6-7 m. and fee.

II8V4 M. BurghemUim, with an old castle (1 V2 M. to the S.W.
lies Wildhad^ an unpretending watering-place). At (124 M.) Oher-
dcuihsteiten the valley of the Franconian Retat is entered. 128 M.
Bosenbaeh; 131 M. Lehrberg,

136 M. Anibaoh (*8tem ; Zirkel ; Schwarter Bar, unpretending;
Befikhera Wine Booms), with 14,067 inhab. (2100 Rom. Oath.), on
the JBesat, is the capital of middle Franconia. TheSchloss, built
in 1713, was once the residence of the Margraves of Ansbach, who
inherited the principality of Baireuth in 1769, and is now occupied by
the district-authorities ; the ^Fürstenzimmer' or royal apartmeiits,
however, have been maintained in their original condition. In
front stands Halbig's bronze statue of the poet A, v. Platen (A. 183Ö).
The house in which he was bom, in the Platen-Strasse, is indicated
by a tablet with an inscription composed by King Lewiis I; above
the inscription is the old sign of the house, an eagle flying towards
the sun, with the motto, ^P&ce&o auapiee 8urgit\ The Hof garten
near the Palace, a large park with fine old trees, contains a pavilion
with modern frescoes and an extensive orangery. In the park are
a monument to the poet TJz (d. 1796) , and another marking the
spot where Caspar Häuser was assassinated , with the inscription :
}Hie oeeultus oecuUo oeeieus 14, Dec, 1833\ Caspar Hauser's
tombstone in the churchyard is inscribed, ^Hie jaeet Casparus
Häuser aenigma sui teniporiSy ignota nativiiasy occulta mors 1833.^
It is generally believed that this ill-fated youth , whose dark and
mysterious fate is so well known, was a victim throughout his
life, as well as In his death, to the unscrupulous ambition of some
noble family, to whose dignities he was the lawful heir.

Th6 finest church is the late-Gothic ^ Johdnniskirehe of 1441,
thoroughly restored in 1872 ; below the choir is the burial-vault of
the Margraves of Ansbach , a branch of the HohenzoUem' family;
The * GumbeHuskirche, with three Gothic W. towers (1483-93 atid
1597) and a late-Gothic choir (1523), contains the fine chapel of St.
George, or Ritterkapelle, whidi was presented in 1459 to the Otder
of the Swan, founded by Elector Frederick II. in 1440. Twelve stone
monuments of knights of the order, afterwards plaoied in the chapel,
are now in the choir. The high-altar in the choir , with carving
and fine paintings by Michael Wohlgemuth, also belonged originally
to the Ritterkapelle. The Gothic choir-stalls, the scutcheons of

8*

llß JRoute2ö. PAPPENHEIM. From Trankf oft

knights of the Swan, and the old banners, taken by the citizens of
Ansbach from the Nurembergers , are all worthy of notice. — On
the N. Bide of the church are the Courts of Justice , a handsome
gabled edifice of 1563. — The collections of the Historical Society
are interesting. A good view of the tawn and environs is obtained
from Dreehsel's Oarten (Caf^).

142 M. Wintersehneidbaeh ; 146 M. Triesdorf (3 M. to the E. is
Eseherhback, birthplace of the poet Wolfram v. Eschenbach, d. 1228);
149^2 M. Alienmuhr, on the AltmuU, 152^2 M. GuizeiÜLaiuen,
.junction for Augsburg and Nuremberg (R. 22). The line now crosses
the Altmühl, the valley of which it follows to Eichst&dt. 158 M.
Windsfeld; i&iyz'^' Berolzheim; 165 M. WetUlsheim; 1671/2 M.
Treuchtlingen y junction of the line from Munich to Nuremberg,
(p. 176), which runs hence via Oronhard, Weissenburg dm Sand,
and Ellingen to Pleinfeld, where it joins the Augsburg and Nurem-
berg line (p. 97).

The Altmühl is crossed twice. 171 M. Fappenlieim (^Railway
Hotel; Krone) ^ charmingly situated, is commitndedby the extensive
ruins of a cattle of the counts of that name. The Roman Tower, n
massive stone structure 100 ft. in height, commands a beautiful
view. The town, contains two eh&teaux of Count Pappenheim, one
of them a fine modem building by Klenze. To the S. of (175 M.) Soln"
hofen, which is pleasantly situated on both banks of the stream, are
extensive slate-quarries, once worked by the Romans, where upwards
of 3000 workmen are employed. The slate, used for lithographing
purposes, table-^abs, etc., is largely exported. Numerous fossils.

The train pasaes through a long tunnel, and reaches (179 M.)
Dollnstein, an old town, still surrounded by walls. Below it , on
the left bank of the Altmühl, rises the conspicuous, serrated Burg-
stein, Farther on is the prettily^situated village of Ober^Eiehstadt,
The line now quits the valley of the Altmühl und reaches the
(I8572 ^0 station of Eichstädt, situated in a cutting, whence a
narrow-gauge branch-Une runs in 26 min. to (3^2 M.) —

Eichit&dt (Schwarzer Adler), an old town with 7500 inhab.,
which is the seat of a very ancient episcopal see, founded
in 740 by St. Wilibald, a companion of St. Boniface. The Cath€-
drdl in the transition -style, begun in 1042, with Gothic nave
of 1365 aiid late-Gothic choir of 1496, has recently been tastefully
adorned with painting. It contains the inoAument of St. Wilibald
with his statue, and the tombstones of several bishops. Good relief
(1396) on the N. Portal, and fine stained-glass in the choir. Fine
cloisters with Romanesque columns. ' The Walpurgiskirehe, con-
taining the tomb of St. Walpurgis , from which a 'miraculous oil*
exudes, is visited by numerous pilgrims on 1st May (St. Wal-
purgis' Day). Above the town rises the dilapidated WiUbaldsburg,
the residence of the bishops down to 1730 ; the tower commands
a charming view, best in the evening (apply to the castellan). The

to Munich, INGOLSTADT. 25, Route, 117

well Is 29Ö ft deep. On the Blumehberg^ to the N.W., numerous
rare fossils (pterodactyl, archffiopterix) have been found.

The line traverses a wooded y undulating district by means of
numerous cuttings. Stations Adelachlagy Tauber f eld, Oaimershehn,

200 M. Local Station of Ingolitadt (Adler; *Bär), with
16,390 Inhab., a strongly fortified town on the Danube, which once
possessed a celebrated college, founded in 1472 by Duke Lewis the
Rich, subsequently transferred to Munich (p. 133). At the end of
the 16th cent. It was attended by 4000 students. The Jeeuit College,
founded in 1555, was the first established in Germany. The town
was besieged by Gustavns Adolphus in 1632 , while his antagonist
Tilly lay mortally wounded within its walls (see p. 99). The French
General Moreau took the place in 1800 after a siege of three months,
and caused the fortifications to be dismantled , but the works have
been reconstructed since 1827. On the right bank of the Danube are
strong tetes - de -pont with ^ound towers of solid masonry and the
Reduit' Tilly. Over the Kreuzthor and Feldkirchenthor are statues
of the constructors of the old and new fortifications respectively.

The Gothic Frauenkirche of 1439, with two massive towers in
front, contains the tomb of Dr. Eck (d. 1543), the opponent of Luther,
and a monument to Tilly, who was buried at Alt-Oetting (p. 173).

The line skirts the glacis, and crosses the Danube by means of

an Iron bridge (to the right is the tete-de-pont), and reaches the

(202 V2M.) Central Station of Ingolstadt (pinilet'slnvi), 2M. from

the town, with which it is connected by tramway.

Railway to Donauwörth, Augsburg, and Batishon, 8«e B. 24.

Stations Oberstimm, Reichertshofen, Wolnzach (two thriving vil-
lages), and Pfaffenhofen (a busy place with 3000 inhab., on the
Urn). The line ascends the valley of the Ilm as far as stat. Reicherts-
hausen , beyond which it approaches the QUm , an affluent of the
Amper. Stations Petershausen, Röhrmoos. Then down the Amper^
Thai to Stat. Dachau. The railway intersects the extensive Dachauer
MooSf crosses the Wurm, the outflow of the Starnberger See , at
stat. Attach, skirts the extensive Park of Nymphenburg, and reaches "^

252 M. Xunieh (p. 121).

26. From Stuttgart to Manich,

149Vs H. Bailwat in öi/i'O hrs.

From Stuttgart to Ukn, see R. 8. The line here crosses the
Danube , and enters the Bavarian dominions , to which ,Neu « Ulm
belongs. 64V2 -^urto/^nsren. Near (67M.) iVemn^en the town and
abbey of EUhingen are seen rising on the opposite bank of the.
Danube, the heights of which were occupied by the Austrians
under Laudon, 14th Oct., 1805, but were stormed by the French
under Ney. From this victory the marshal derived his title of Due
d'Elchingen (comp. p. 24). 697a M. Leipheim. . , .

118 Route 26. GÜNZBURG.

74 M. Oünzbnrg (Bär), the Rom. Ountia, a town with numer-
ous towers, is picturesquely situated on a hill, at the confluence of
the Ounz and Danube. Pop. 4000. The Schloss was erected by Mar-
grave Charles, son of Ferdinand of the Tyrol and Philippina Weiser
(p. 100). As the train proceeds , a range of wooded hills is seen
to the right, cro?med by the castles of Beitenshurg and Lahdestrost
(the latter sdmost entirely removed). 79 M. Neu-Offingen is the
junction for Donauwörth (p. 98) and Ratlsbon (p. 105).

The Danube is now quitted. Near Offtngen the train crosses
the Mindel, 83 M. Burgau, an Industrial town on the Mindel, with
2200 inhab. and an old chateau, 85 M. Jettingen; 89 M. Oabel-
hacJigereut. The country becomes flatter. On a hill to the left is
the small chateau of Zuaameck. Stations DihkeUeherben (bridge
across the Zusam), Modishqfen (then across the Schmutter), Oes-
sertshauaen, Diedorf, Westheim. 109 M. Oberhausen is the junction
of the Nuremberg line (p. 99). The train then crosses the Wertaeh
and reaches (IIOV2 ^0 Augsburg (p. 99).

Beyond Augsburg the Lech is crossed. The line traverses a
sterile plain, consisting chiefly of moor and bog. 113V2 M. J7oc^-
zolly junction of the line to Ingolstadt (p. 113). To the left
lies the small town of Fri«d&«r^ (p. 113). The Lech is now quitted.
Stations Mering , Althegneriberg (with chllteau) , Haspelmoor (with
large peat-stores), Nannhofen, Maisach, Olching (where the Amper,
the discharge of the Ammersee, is crossed), Loehhausen. The
Dachauer Moos is now traversed. At stat. Pasing the train crosses
the Wurm, by which the lake of that name is drained. Near Munich
the park and palace of Nymphenburg (p. 167) are seen on the left;
then the Marsfeld, or military drilling-ground.

I49V2 M. Kunieh, see R. 28.

27. From Leipsie to Mnnicli Yi& Hof and Katisbon,

298 M. Bailwat to Batisbon in i0-13i/2 hrs.; to Hunicli in 14-173/4 hrs.
This is the most direct route from Leipsie (and Berlin) to Munich.

From Leipsie to (103 M.) Hof, see R. 16. Beyond Hof the line
traverses a hilly district. 108 M. Oberkotzau , the junction of the
line to Lichtenfels and Bamberg (p. 63). IIO72 M. Martin-
lamitz, 115 M. KireherUamitz , 2 M. to the W. of which rises the
Epprechtstein (p. 80). Beyond (118 M.) MarktUuthen the train
crosses the Eger, From (122V2 ^0 Boslau a diligence runs daily
in IV4 hr. to Weissethstadt (p. 80). At (125 M.I Holenbrunn a
branch-line diverges to (2V2 M.) Wunsiedel (p. 8Ö). The line now
crosses the valley of the Böslau by a viaduct 115 ft. high, and turns
towards the S.E.

130 M. Markt-Bedwiti, a busy little town on the Kossein, and
the junction of lines to Nuremberg (see p. 97) and to Schimding
(17 M.). Protestant church in the transitional style. 136 M.

L ANDSHÜT. 27. Route. 1 1 9

Oroschlattengrün, 140M. Wiesau, with a chalybeate spring (junction
for EgcTy p. 63, and of a branch-line to Tirschenreuth), 147 M.
Beuth. Then through the valley of the Waldrmb to (151 M.)
Wmdisch'Eschenbach and (157 M.) Neustadt an der Waldnab.

161 M. Weidea (*Po»t), a pleasant little town (3000 Inhab.),
tbe junction for Baireuth (p, 77) and Neukirchen (p. 174). 164 M.
Bothenstadt, At (166 M.) Luhe the Heidenab and Waldnab unite
to form the Nab. 171 M. Wemberg; 1751/2 M. Pfreimt; 178V2 M,
Nabburg ; 185 M, Irrenhhe (junction for Nuremberg, see p. 175).
The train now crosses the Nab, and reaches^ (IBS M.) 8o]Lwan->
dorf (Post), junction for Pilsen and Prague (R. 52).

192 M. Klardorf. From (198 M.) Haidhof a branch-line runs
to the rail-manufactory ot MaximiliarMhüttey 1V4^* ^^ ^^^ ^* »
11/2 M. to the N.W. is Burglengenfeld , with a picturesque ruined
castle. To the right beyond (199 Y2 ^0 Ponhol% rises /SfcftZoM Birken^
tee. Before (205 M.) Regenstauf Wq Regen is crossed. On the right
Katisbon with its cathedral , and then on the left Donaustauf and
the Walhalla come in sight. Beyond (212 M.) Walhaüastrasse the
train crosses the Danübe by an iron bridge, 700 yds. in length.

215 M. Batisbon, see p. 105.

The line from Batisbon to Munich traverses an uninteresting
district. Stations Obertraubling (to Passau , see B. 33), Kofering,
Hagelstadt J and Eggmühl , near which the French under Davoust
defeated the Austrians, 22nd April, 1809 , from which victory the
marshal derived his title of Prince d'Eckmühl. The Orosse Laber
is now crossed. Then stations Steinrain, (239 M.) Neufahm, on
the Kleine Laber (branch by Oeiselhoring to Straubing, see p. 175),
Ergoldsbach, and Mirschkofen.

254 M. Landshut (^ Kronprinz, R., L., & A. 11/2-2 m., B. 80 pf.,
D. 2 m. ; Draxlmair; Drei Mohren; *Rail. Restaurant; omn. from
the station to town, IV2 M., 20 pf.), with 17,609 inhab., an old-
fashioned town with wide streets and gabled houses, is picturesquely
situated on the Isar. The three principal churches, St. Martin's,
built about 1450, St. Jodocus, begun in 1338, and the Holy Ohost,
or Hospital Church, begun in 1407, are all admirable structures in
brick in the Gothic style, with nave and aisles of equal height, and
are adorned with well-executed sculpturing in stone. The lofty
tower of St. Martin's is 462 ft. in height (surpassed only by those of
Strassburg Cathedral, Cologne Cathedral, and the Church of St. Ni-
cholas at Hamburg). On the outside of it is the tombstone of Stett'
hammer (Hans der Steinmetz, d. 1432), the builder of the church,
with his bust and a half-length figure of the Saviour. The late-Oothic
pulpit , of limestone , dates from 1422. The beautiful late-Gothic
high-altar (1424) has lately suffered from a tasteless attempt at
restoration. The windows contain modern stained glass by Scheerer.
— The Poa* Office (formerly House of the Estates^ is decorated with
old frescoes lately restored , representing the sovereigns of Bavaria

120 Routed?, LANDSHÜT.

from Otho I. to Maximilian J. — The New Palace (1536-43), begun
by German, and completed by Italian architects , exhibits featnres
both of the German and Italian Renaissance. Its columned court and
fine upper rooms, with beautiful friezes, are among the best Renais-
sance works in Germany. Some of the rooms Contain an instruc-
tive collection of industrial models , established by Dr. Gehring.
— The Raihhaus, originally erected in 1446, was provided with a
new fagade in 1860-61. The late-Gothic council-chamber (restored)
is adorned with a huge mural painting in tempera by Seitz, Spiess^
and other artists, representing the marriage of George the Rich.
In front of the Rathhaus stands a bronze Statue of Maximilian II, ,
by Bernhard. The college of Ingolstadt was transferred to Landshut
in 1800, and thence to Munich in 1826. A statue of the founder,
Duke Lewis the Rich (d. 1479), has been erected in front of the
government-buildings .

Burg Landthut or Trauaniti, an old eaatle rifling above the town, for*
merly the residence of the Dukes of Lower Bavaria, begun by Duke Ludwig of
Eelbeim in 1204, was frequently altered, and has suffered greatlv from the ra-
vages of time. The Chapel (t&SiSi)^ which lately underwent a thorough reno-
vation, is the only jportien remaining of the original structure The balus-
trades, decorated with stone figures, the large relief of the Annunciation,
the mural paintings of the altar-recess, and the ciborium (1471) are worthy
of notice. Some of the apartments are finely painted in the Renaissance
style (1576-80), and others contain handsome wooden ceilings and panelling.
The mural paintings on the ^Fools'' SHairease*^ representing scenes froax
Italian comedies, deserve inspection. The upper floor has been sumptu-
ously fitted up for the reception of the King of Bavaria. In the court is
a well, surmounted by a fine wrought-iron framework, and with pails in
bronze (executed, according to the inscription, in 1556). Conradin, the
last of the Hohenstaufen , was bom at the neighbouring castle of Wol/-
ttein (now a ruin) in 1252 and spent a great part of his childhood at the
Trausnitz. — Beyond the Trausnitz lies the village of Btfff^ separated from
(IV4 M.) Landshut by the Bo/garten, a public park with beautiful walks. —
From the garden-restaurant on the (1 1/2 H.) KtatuetUferg^ a fine view is obtained
of the town, the castle, and the valley. At the foot of the hill are a
Viaduct and railway-bridge, carrying the new Botthal railway over the
Isar and the part of the valley liable to inundation.

FsoM Lamdshut to Landau, 28 M., railway in 2 hrs. This railway is
the shortest route from Munich to Eisenstein, Pilsen, and Prague. The
train follows the left bank of the Itar. Stations Althe<my Ahrein^ W9t*th^
Loiehing^ (18 M.) Dingolfing^ an old town on the right bank of the Isar.
The line then crosses a tract of moorland. Stations Ooi\f ridding y Bckaai-
gen^ Piliting. Landau^ see p. 1S2.

A railway also runs from Landshut, via (8 M.) Q^Uenhamen^ to (24V2 M.)
Neumarki-an-derBAtt (p. 245).

The railway ascends the valley of the hat. 260 M. Oiindlkofen ;
to the left, 8chU>88 Kronwivkel, 262 M. Bruckberg^ with a small
chateau to the right of the line; then on the right JSchloss leareek.
The Amper is crossed. 2661/2 M. Mooshurg, a very ancient town on
the Isar. The Bomanesque church contains a fine old carved altar.
In clear weather the Alps soon become visible. 271 M. Langenbach.

27S M^ YTBiBing {*Ettenhofer ; Zur Eisenbahn^ unpretending«,
omn. into the town 20 pf.), a town with 8900 inhab. on the Isar,
on a height to the right, has been the seat of an episcopal see (now

I

\

MUNICH. 2S. Route, 121

Munich- Freising) from the 8th oent. down to the present day. The
Komanesque Cathedral (1161-1205) was disfigured by alterations in
the 17th century. The curious quadruple crypt, the vaulting of
which reäts on short round and polygonal columns, with rich capitals,
is worthy of notice. In the raised vestibule, to the left on entering,
«re statuettes of Frederick Barbarossa and his wife Beatrix (?), dat-
ing from 1161. The cloisters contain some flue grave-stones. The
Church of 8t. Benedict^ connected with the cathedral by the cloisters,
contains a fine stained-glass window. The archiepiscopal Clerical
Seminary possesses an interesting old picture of the Madonna (^Lu-
kasbild'). — To the W. lies the loftily-situated Weiherhstephany
formerly an abbey, now an agricultural college and brewery.

Next stations Neufahm, Lohhof, (290 M.) SchUissheim (p. 167),
Feldmochingy (2951/2 M.) Schwimmacküle, and (298 M.) Xonicli.

28. Munich.

ArrivaL ' The hotel - omnibuses C/«-! m.) meet the trains arriving
«i the Central Station. Porter from the station to a cab, 30 pf. up to
110 lbs,, 40 pf. up to 220 lbs.; Into the town, small articles 20 pf., trunk
under 110 lbs. 40 pf., under 220 lbs. 80 pf. — Cab from the station to the
town with one horse, 1-2 pers. 50, 3 pers. 60 pf. \ with 2 horses, 1-4 pers., 1 m.;
from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. double fare and 20 pf. extra for waiting. Small
articles of luggage free, trunks under 110 lbs. 20 pf., above 110 lbs. 40 pf.

R«talg (often full in the aeason). «"Fodb Sbasokm (PI. a; F, 4, 5),
Maximilians-Strasse, near the Hof ^Theater, R., L., & A. from 5^ m., B.
1 m. 20, D. at 1 o'ol. 3 m. 60, at 6 o'cl. 4 m. 50, omnibus 90 pf. ; *Bavabian
HoTBL (PI. bj !E,4). Promenaden*Platz, B.. L., A A. frcnn 4>A-om., B. 1 m.20,
D. at 1 o'cl. 3 m. 50, at 5 o'cl. 4 m. 50; *Hotbl Bbx.lstiib (PI. c ; G, 4), Karls-
Plate, B., L., & A. from 3 m. 70 pf., D. SVa m., B. 1 m. ; ^BHSiinacHBR Hof
(PI. d ; C, 4, 5), Bayev^Str., near the station, B. A A. from 2Vt m., B. 1, D.
&4 m. ;«HÖT. Hörl (PI. v ; C, 4) , Bahnhofs-Platz \ *Hotbl Dbtzbb (PL e ; £, 5),
Kaufinger-Str. 23*, *EiiraLi8UHEB Bof (PI. f ; E, 5), Diener-Str. 11, B., L., « A.
from 8 m., B. 1, D. dV« m.; Hötbl Lbinbeldbb (PI. g^ D, 4), Karls-Plats;
*H ABiBNBA]> (PI. h ; D, 3), Barer-Str. 11, with a large garden and baths,
R., L. A A. from 4 m., B. 1 m. 20 pf., D. 3, pension in winter 7 m.; <'Hötbl
MAXunUAN (PI. i; F, 5), MaximiL^Str., with caf^ (see below); Max Ehakdbl
(Pl.k; E, 4), Promenaden-Plats ; ^Aughsbvbobb Hof, (PL p. ; A. 4), Schütsen-Str.;
*Dbdtschbb Kaisbb (PL r; G, 4), opposite the W. entrance to the station,

B. from 11/2 m. ; *6BAirD fldT. Gbubwald (PL w ; G, 4), Dachaaer-8tr. ;
near the Central Station; Eübopäibohbb Hof (PI. 1; G, 5). '^Vigtobia,
both Senefelder^Str., near the station; Kil''8 Hotbl Stachüs (PL m; G, 5),
Karle-Platz 24, B., L., 6 A. 2 m 25 pf. ; Obbbpolungbb (PL n ; D, 5), near
the Karlsthor (restaurant below); Bambbbsbb Hof (PL o; D, 5), opposite
the last; «Aohatz (PL u; E, 3, 4), Maximilians - Plata ; GbUbbb Hof,
Bayer -Str., Schwbizbbbof (PL x; G, 4), Louisen-Str., Kbokpbimz (Pi. z;

C, 5), all three near the station. -~ HSUU Oarnia ^Simmbb (also opens');
*WoLFF, at the Gentral Station (N. side); Gassneb, Bayer- Str., at the
station (8. side); *BoTn (PI. s; F, 1^ Keuthurm-Str. , near the Maxi-
milians-Str. , B. from I'/s m. ; Zum Kapplbb (PL y; £, 4), Promenaden-
Str. IS; Zuu Abbnthum,- Maximilians-Platz 21 (PL D. 4), B., L., & A. from
IVs m. — Petuians: Fischsb, Brienner-Str. 8 c. (&-8 m. per day) ; Wabhkim,
Karls-Str. 10; Nbd, Maximilians-Str. 32; Fbaolein Schmidt, Jager^tr. 3a;
flsiLBB, Brienner-Str. 46; Waltbnbbbo, Brienner-Str. 47; Haghb, Louisen-
Str. 23; Hoffmann, Louisen-Str. 42 C; Bubgbr, Louisen-Str. 42 F.;
BoTB, Sonnensir. Ö; Schbidemamn, Fürstenstr. 22; Frau Barb, Schelling-
8tr. 10; Fdohs, Maz-Joseph-Str. 6; Both, Sonnen-Str. 5.

Gafis. Maximilian^ de VOpämy Victoria (with garden), all in the Maxi-

122 BouU 28, MUNICH. BestauranU.

iiulian8-Str.,and also restaurants} ^(A,Kettthttrm-Str. \ DengUr^ Lütt,, below
the arcades of the Hof-Garten; Odwn^ Odeons-Platz 2 : Luitpold, Cen(ra<,both
Brienner-Str.; Börsen-Ca/i, tfaffei-Str. ; Bavaria^ Wein-Str. ; Danner, Probst,
and KarUthor, all near the Karlsthor (closed in the evening) ; WtlteMocft,
Ölockner-Str.fto the 8. of the Karlsthor; Union, HerBOgspital-Str.l2; ImpiritU,
Schützen-Str., outside the Karlsthor i Mitropole, daWArmi, Frauen - Platz ;
Englisches Caffj, with garden (see below) ; Orient , Sonnen-Str. ; Fritsch ,
Kaufinger-Str. 27 ; Pertel, Oreif, Marien-Platz ; nhfferer,'Brienner-8iT, 1 ; Paul,
Beichenbach-Str., near the Gärtner-Platz — Oonfe«tionen. Rottenh^er, Resi-
denz-&tr.26} JTb/, Promenaden-Platz6; Bernhard, Schiller-Str. 40. — English
Newspapers at Gaf^s Maximilian, Dengler, Probst, Imperial, Union, and
Wittelsbach.

Reataunuits. Most of the hotels and caf^s are also restaurants. —
Wine at the following: ^Banner, near the Karlsthor; Rathskeller (p. 163);
*Qrodemange, Residenz - Str. 19; * Schleich, Brienner - Str. 8, comer of the
Maximilians-Platz, D. 12-3 p. m. l*/4-3 m. ; "Eberspaeher, in the Kunstge-
werbehaus (p. 154), P£andhauft<Str. ; * Schimon, Kauflnger-Str. 15; *Inneman,
Burg-Str. 16, Landwehr-Str. 2, and Salvator-Str. 19; D^OrvUle, Marien-Platz;
Neuner, Herzogspitalgasse 20; *Funk, Promenaden-Platz 16; Kurtz, Augu-
stiner-Str. li Mittnacht, Fürsten -Str. 2, and Maximilian - Str. 82; Michel,
Rosen-Str. 11, Hungarian wines; Veltliner TF«aiAa)<«, Schiller-8tr. 41; Greek
Wine SeUoon, Otto-Str. 3a; JBode^ra (Spanish wines), xfeuhauser-Str. 12. The
following are also restaurants : Beck, below the arcades of the Hof-Oarten ;
Max Emanuel (see above); Abenthum (old German drinking-room), Maxi-
milians-Platz 21; Stadt London, Frauen-Platz; Perzel, Marien-Platz.

Beer, one of the great specialties of Munich , generally good and re-
markably cheap, may be procured almost everywhere (best in winter and
spring). The *ffo/bräuhaus , in the Platzl (PI. F, 5), where the best beer
is said to be brewed, is one of the sights of Munich, and is always crowded
by persons of all classes. Opposite, Plattl, Orlando di Lasso, Begensiburger
Wurstkilehe, Nürnberger WurstkHehe; Zur SeholasUca, near the Hofbrauhaus ;
Oberpollinger (see above), near the Karlsthor ; Monaehia, Herzog- Wilhelm-
Str., near the Karlsthor. ; ffirschbräu, Färber-Graben ; Franziskaner, opposite
the post<offlce ; Psehorr, Spatenbräu, Augustiner, all three in the Xeuhauser-
Str.; MathOser Bräu, next Stachus; Europäischer Bo/, Senefelder-Str. ;
Kappler, Promenaden-Str. ; Achatz, Maximilians-Platz 8; Sternficker, in the
Thai ; Backer, Sendlinger-Str. ; Ca/i Bock, with garden, outside the Isarthor,
etc., etc. -^ The ^Bierkeller'' outside the gates also attract numerous visitors
in summer. Among there are : *BofbräukeUer (PI. A, 6), Wiener-Str. ; L9wefi^
bräukeUer (PI. B, 2), Stiglmayer-Platz ; ^Arsberger Keller, Spateabräu (Pl.B,
2) ; Franziskanerkeller, on the right bank of the Isar (p. 166) ; Birsehbräur
keller, Herbst-Str. ; Backerbräu, Bayer-Str. ; Knorrkeller (PI. H, B, 3) ; i^o-
variakeller, Theresienhöhe. The following varieties of beer are drunk in
spring only : Salvator, or Zachcrlöl (strong), in the first half of April ; Bock,
or Eimbeck beer (first introduced at Munich in the 16th cent, from Bim-
beck), in which the malt preponderates considerably over the hops, usually
in May, and at the festival of Corpus Christi in June. In 1879 upwards of
28 million gallons of beer were brewed in Munich , about four*flfth8 of
which were consumed in the town alone.

Batlu. Maximiliansbad, Kanal-Str. 19, with swimming-bath; Cwtralbad,
Lämmer-Str. (Pl.%, 4); Marienbad (see p. 121); QiseUOMd, Müller-Str. 29 ;
Wöstermaytt MüUer-Str. 45, Volksbad, Baader-Str., swimming-baths at these
two; *üngerer, in Schwabing, with electric railway.

Oaba. (Droschke, a one-horse vehicle, for 2-3 pers. only; Fiaker, with
two horses.) One-horse : 1/4 hr., 1-2 pers. 50, 3 pers. 60 pf.; Vs hr. 1 m. or 1 m.
20 pf. ; s/4 l^r. 1 m. 50 or 1 m. 80 pf. ; 1 hr. 2 m. or 2 m. 40 pf. ; IVi hr. 21/2
or 8 m. ; 1 1/2 hr. 3 m. or 3 m. 60 pf. ; 2 hrs. 4 m. or 4 m. 80 pf. ; 3 hrs. 5 m.
60 or 6 m. 80 pf. : each additional 1/4 hr. 40 or 50 pf. — Two-horse : V« ^-^
1-4 pers. 1 m., 5^6 pers. 1 m. 10 pf. ; V2 hr. 2 m. or 2 m. 20 pf. ; s/4 hr. 2 m.
50 or 2 m. 80 pf. ; 1 hr. 3 m. or 3 m. 40 pf. ; IV4 hr. 3 m. 70 or 4 m. 20 pf. ;
IV« hr. 4 m. 40 pf. or 5 m. ; 2 hrs. 5 m. 80 or 6 m. 80 pf. ; 3 hrs. 8 m. 60 or
9 m. 80 pf. ; each 1/4 ^^' additional 70 or 80 pf. — Tariff for drives
to the following places, for one-horse carriages with 1-2 pers. and

Key to the Plan of Xnnich.

Academy of Art. . F. 1.
» of Science D. 1.

Alte Hof E. 5.

Anatom. Instit. . . C. 6.
Archiepis. Palace . E.4.

Art Union F. 8.

Bank, Bay E. i.

Barraoka.

Artillery ... F G. 4.

Cuirassiers . . . F. 6 7.

Hofgarten .... F. 4.

Infantry ... D £. 2.

Isar, Old ... F G. 7.

— , New . « . F. 6, 7.
Bavaria •••*••• A. 7
Blind Asylum . . . F. 2.
Botan. Garden . . C. 3. 4.
Bronze Foundry . . B. 1.
Cemetery,

Southern. .CD. 7. 8.
^■"f new .....•• v/. o.
•>-, Northern . . . , D. 1.

Ohurshea.
Allerheiligen
(Court-) Chapel F. 4.

St. Anna G. 4.

Auer (Maria-
hilf) Kirche . . F. 8.

Basilica CS.

Carmelites .... D. 4.
Frauenkirche . . E. 5.
Heiliggeist .... E. 6
8t. John (Haid-

hausen) .... H. 6.
Ludwigskirche . F. 2.
St. HichaeFs . . . D. 5.
St. Peter's .... E. 5.
Protestant .... C. 6.
Theatine Ch. . . E. 4.
Ciyic Arsenal . . . E. 6.
Commandants

Residence . . . F. 3.
Com Hall ... D E. 8.
Crystal Palace . . . C. 4.
Deaconess Institute D. 1.
Exchange . . . , . E. 4.
Exhibition Building C. 3.
Feldhermhalle . . E. 4.
General Hospital . C. 6.
Georgianum .... F. 1.
Glyptothek . . C D. 2. 3.
Government

Buildings. . . . G.5.
Herzog Max Burg . D. 4.
Hof bräuhaus .... F. 5.
Hospital of St.

Elizabeth .... C. 6.
Industrial Art

School C. 2.

Industrial Ex-
hibition .... D. 4

Isarthor F. 8.

Karlsthor D.5.

Library ....,., F. 2.

Lunatic Asylum . . H. 8.

Marian Column . . E. Ö.

Maternity Hospital C. 6.

Maximilianeum . . H. 6.

Maximiliansbad . . F. 5.

MUitary Hospital . A. 1.
n School . . C. 4.

Ministry of Finances F. 3.
of For-
eign Affairs E. 4.
of the In-
terior . . . E. 4.
F. Ö

Mint

Xonumenta.

Deroy, Schel-
ling, Bumford,
Fraunhofer . F G. 6.

Elector Maximi-
lian I E. 3.

— Max Emanuel E. 4.

Gaertner, Klenz^ E. 6.

Goethe D. 4.

King Lewis I. . . E. 3.
„ Max I. . .
„ Max II. .

Liebig

Schiller

Senefelder . . .
Westenrieder,
Gluck, Kreit-
mayr, Orlando E. 4.
National Museum F G.6.

Obelisk D. 3.

Odeon E. 3.

Royal Stables . . . F. 4.
War Office. ... F. 2. 3.

E. 4.
G. 6.
D. 4.
£.3.
D. 6.

Palace«.

E. 3.

F. 3.
E. 3.

E.3.

Duke Max . . .
Prince Charles
of Bavaria . .
Prince Luitpold
Prince Ludwig
Ferdinand . .
Prince Ludwig G.H. 8.
Wittelsfoach . . . E. 3.
Panoramas D. 1,2. B,C. 8.
Pathological In-
stitute . . .
Pinakothek, Old

' '• JW6^T • • • •

Police Office . .
Polytechnic School D. 2.
Post Office .... E. 4. 5.

C.6.
D.2.
D. 2.
E.Ö.

Priests^ Seminary

Propylsea

Railway Station,

Central ....

Bathhaus, Old . .

"» ^c^v • • • • •

Reichsbank . . .
Riding School. . .
Royal Palace . .
Schack's Picture

Gallery . . .
Schwanthaler

Museum . . .

Siegesthor

Slaughter House.
Ständehaus. . . .
Synagogue ....
"— , Jiew * . . . •
Telegraph Office

F.
C.

. C.
. E.
. E.
. F.
. F.
EF.

2.
3.

4.

5.
6.
3.
4.
4.

C. 3.

C.
F.
B.
E.
E.
D.
C.

F.
F.

Theatres.

Hof-Theater. .

Residenz-Theat.

Gärtner -Platz-
Theater . . .
Turnhalle . . B. 1. D.

University F.

Veterinary School . G.

5.
1.
8.
4.
6.
4,
4.

4.
4.

E. 7.

7.
1.
1.

Hotels«

Four Seasons . F. 4.

Bavarian Hotel E.

Bellevue C.

Rheinischer Hof C.4.
e Detzer E.

Englischer Hof. E.
g Leinfelder. . . . D.

Marienbad . .

Maximilian . .

Max-Emanuel .

Europäischer
Hof ...•.•
m Stephan ....
n OberpoUinger .

Bamberger Hof D.

Au^burger Hof E.

Victoria D.

Deutscher Kaiser C.

D.
F.

E.

C.
C.
D.

• • • •

• • •

• • • •

Roth

Franziskaner

Achatz .

HÖrl . .
w Grunwald . . .
X Schweizer Hof
y Kappler ....
z Kronprinz . . .
a Simmen ....

b Wolff

e Gassner ....

Grüner Hof. .

F.
E.
D.
C.
C.
C.
E.
C.
B.
C.
C.
B.

5.
4.
4.

5.
5.
6.
4.
3.
Ö.
4.

6.
6.
6.
5.
4.
4.
4.
5.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
5.
4.
4.
5,
5.

124 R(mU28, MUNICH. Theatrea.

two-borse with 1-4 pera. respectively : the Bavaria 1 m. or 1 m. 80 pf. ;
Chinese Tower 70 pf. or 1 V2 m. ; Brunnthal 80 pf. or 1 m. 80 ; Boeen-
hausen 1 or 2 m. ; Kleinhesselohe 1 m. or 2 m. 20 pf. ; Xymphenburg 2 m.
or 3 ni. 60 pf. If the carriage is tksed in returning, the return-drive is
paid for by time. — The fare for the first V« b>^' niajst. l>e paid in full,
however short the drive ; for les^ ^hap 5 min. of an additional 7« hr.. 10 or
20 pf. only is paid. From dusl^ tijl 10p..m., 10 pf. per V« l^'* ^9 charged
for the lamps. From 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. double fares, also, f^qm the station
after 9 p.m. double fares and 20 pf. extra as waiting-money, I^uggaee up to
65 lbs., 20 pf., above 55 lbs., 40 pf.^ small articles free.

Steam Tramway from the Stiglmayer-Plats (PI. B, G, 3) to Xymphen-
burg, every hr. in the morning, every V< ^'' ^ ^^ afternoon, 20 pf. —
Tramways (comp. Plan) : from the Promenaden-Plats, across the Bahnhofs-
Platz and the Stieglmayer-Platz tQ Nymphenburger-8tr. (white name-boards),
16 pf.; ffQm the Ludwig*8 Brücke by the Beichenbach-Str. and across the
Sendlingerthor-Platz and the Babnhofs-Platz to Ludwig-Str. (red boards),
25 pf. V from the Hof-Theater by the Quai-Str., and across the Johannes-
Plats to the East Railway Station (white boards), 15 pf. ; from the Frauen-Str.
across the Mariahilf-Platz to Freidbad-8tr. (green boards), 10 pf. ; from

?tachus across the Sendlingerthor-Plat? to the Sendlingerburg (blue boards),
fipf.; from the Promenaden-Platz across the Garolinen-Platz to Schel-
ling-Str. (yellow boards), 10 pf. ; from the Ludwigs-Brücke by the Stein-Str.
to the East Railway Station (red boards), 10 pf. - *

Post OfAoe (PI. £.4, 5) in the Max-Josephs-Platz (p. 126). — Telegraph
9fflee (PI. C, 4) at Bahnhof-Str. 1-, also at the post-office, and at the
Exchange (Haffei-Str.). — Telephone Office at the telegraph office, at the
Central Station, and at the post-ofilce.

Railway Stationa. Central Station (PI. C. 4), principal station for all
1)he lines (fine new building, with four platforms). — South Station (for-
merly Thalkirchen, p. 171) and ^a9t Station (formerly Haidhausen, p. 171),
both on the Rosenheim and Sipibach line.

Porten. For an errand of Va l^* within the city with $0.1bs. of luggage
20 pf. ; each addit. Vs M. 10 pf. .

Theatres. Hof- und ITationaltheater (PI. F, 4 ; p. 129),. performances gen-
erally, on Sundays, Tuesdays ,. Thursdays , and Fridays, (closed in July).
Prices for operas : balcony seat? 4~7 .™.. parquet (i.e. reserved seats in the
pit) 4-5 m., parquet standing - place 3-4 m., pit 1 m. 40 pf. -1 m. 00 pf.
Prices for plays: parquet 2-3 m. ; dress-circle 3V2-4 m.;. pit 2 m. Perfor-
mances usually begin at 7 p.m. Tickets sold during the day, 9-1 and
6-6.90 .o^c^Gck \ entrance in t^e Maximilians-Str. } booking-^ee .for next day
30 pf. — : Residenz- Theater (PI. F).4; p. 130), where plays are performed on
Sundays, Tuesdi^s, and Saturdays :. parquet and pit-boxes 9 i^., upper circle
3 m., 2nd circle 2m. Performances' begin at 7 p.m. — Qärtner-Flatz Theatre
(PI. E, 7v p.. 166)t for comedies, operettas, and ballet; boxes 4m., pit-
boxes 3 m., ßrst row of upper circle 3 m., second row %y%, second circle
and reserved seat in the pit iVs m. — Yolkttheater^ Senefßlder-Str. ll'js.
— Marionette Theatre Klenze-Str. .3^, good.

Ooneert Rooms, Centrctt-Säle^ Keuthurm-Str. ; KiVe Coloseeum^ Colos-
seum-St;r. 2; Englieehe» Cafi^ Ifaximilians-Platz, with gardeq.

Military Parade daily at the guard-house at 12 (PI. G, 6; p. 153) and on
Tuesdays, Tl^i^rsdays, Saturdays, and Sundays in front of .the Feldhermhalle
(p. 181) at the same hour, with music. In summer a military band also
plays every Wednesday evening, 5-6, in the Hofgarten, and on Saturday eve-
nings near ^he Chinese tower in the English Garden at the same hour (p. 167).

Eng'lish Ohuroh Service in the Odeon (p. 131) at 11 a.m. and 3.30 p.m.
(in winter 3 p.m.). Chaplain, Rev. C. D. Blotaeßeld^ B. A., Türken-Str. 32.

English Charge d* Affaires; F, A. W. Drummond^ Esq.^ Barer-Str. 15,
11-2; Consul, J. Smith, Esq.. Barer-Str. 14, 10-1. — American Oonsnl:
E. W. Meaiey^ Eeq.y Brienner-Str, 46, 9-3.

0olleQti.o9s, etc.
Academy of Science (p. 164), palseontological, mineralogical, and zoologi-
cal collections, in summer, Sun. 10-12, Wed. and Sat. 2-4; strangers

admitted daily, 10-11, on application.

CoUeotions, MUNICH- 2a:BouU, 125

Anatomical and Pathological Collection» (p. 165), daily, 8-12 and 2-4, on

application to the custodian (fee).
Antiquarium (smaller antiquities, in the New Pinakothek, p. 167), in sum-

iner on Tues. and Sat., 8-12, in winter on Tues., 10-12.
Arco-Zinn(^>erg Collection of Antlers (ja, 131), daily on application (fee).
Arsenal and AtiUtarp Museum (p. 1^, in summer, Tues. and Frid. 9-12:

Wed. 3-5.
Art Exhibition at the Exhibition building (p. iW) daily from March to Oct.,

9-5, Nov. to Feb. 9-4, adm. 50 pf. — Other exhibitions : • Wimmer A Co.,

Brienner^Str. 3 ; ^ischmann^ Maximilians-Str. 2 ; Van Gelder, Karolinen-
Platz 1; Meülinger, Karls-Str. 21; Ifeumonn, MaximUians-8tr. 88.
Art Union or Kunstverein (p. ISO) daily (except Sat.), 10-6. Strangers are

admitted gratis once on application to the secretary (first floor), or if

introduced by a member (ticket for four weeks 2 m.).
^Bavaria and Ruhmeshalle (p. 166), in summer 9-12 and 2-7, in winter 10-12

and 2-4: fee 40 pf.
Botanical Oarden (p. 162). Earls-Str., Tues. and Thurs. 2-5 adm. free, other

days from 9 a.m. with guide ; closed on Saturdays and Sundays.
Bronze Foundry (p. 161), daily 1-6, Sun. 12-2, adm. 40 pf.
Cabinet of Coins (at the Academy, p. 164), by special permission.
Cabinet of Drat^ings (Old Pinakothek, p. 153), Tues., Frid., 9-1.
Ct^inet of Engravings (Old Pinakothek, p. 153), in summer, Mon. & Thurs.

9-12) Tues. A Frid. 9-1 ; in winter, Tues. & Frid. 9-1.
Cabinet of Natural History (p. 164). see Academy of Science.
Cabinet of Vases (p. 153), in the Old Pinakothek, 9-1, daily except Sat. (in

winter. Sun., Tues., and Thurs.).
^Collection of Fossils (p. 164), see Academy of Science.
Ecclesiastical Art-Objects, Uayer's Collection, Stiglmayer-Piatz 1, daUy.
^Festsa<Ubau, see Palace.
Frauen-Kirche, ascent of the N. tower (p. 16$, daily, tickets from the

sacristan 40 pf.
a lass-Painting, Brienner-Str. 28, Exhibition daily, 9-12 & 3-5.
"»Glyptothek (p. 157), free Mon. and Frid. 8-12 and 24, Wed. 8-12 (in winter

Mon. and Frid. 9-2, Wed. 9-1). On other days at the same hrs. 1 m.

Closed during the ^October Festival' (first week of October).
*Bof- Theater (p. 129), arrangements of the interior, Mon.,. Wed., Sat. at 2

p.m. precisely, on application to the porter; fee 40 pf.
Kunstgetcerbeverein Cp, 164), Pfandhaus-Str. 7, exhibition of art-industrial

objects, daily ft^, free.
Kunstverein, see Art Union.

* Library (p. 131), daily (except Sun.) 9-12 (from 15th Aug. to 30th Sept.,

Mon., Wed. ä Frid., 10^12); fee Vrl m.

Maülinger Colleetion (p. 165), Sun., Wed., & Frid., 10-2.

Maximilianeum (collection of modem historical paintings, p. 126), in sum-
mer, Wed. Mid Sat. 10-12 (open to strangers on other days and in
winter by the special permission of the Director).

Military Museum, see Arsenal.

Museum, Ethnographical (p. 130), Wed. and Sun., 9-1.
•Museum, Bavarian National (p. 134), May to Sept. 9-2, Oct. to April 10-2,
closed on Mon. \ adm. gratis on Sun. and Thurs. ', on other days 1 m.

Museum of Plaster Casts (p. 130), Wed. and Sat., 3-5, in winter 2-4.

Museum of the Smaller Objects of Art. or Antiquarium, see above.

* Nibelungen Booms (p. 129), in the Palace, see below.
Observatory (p. 167), on application to the director.

* Palace (p. 127) : Kaiserzimmer (p. 128), *Festsaalbau (p. 128) and ^Nibelungen

Saloons (p. 129) daily at 11 a.m. , except Sun. : tickets 50 pf., includ-
ing the Tri^Dimmer tad Papstzimn&er 1 m. The 04yssty Saloons are at
present closed. The * Treasury (p. 128, June to Sept., Tues. and
Frid.> 9.30 to 11 ji.m.) and the *Beiche-Capelle (p. 128; Mon. & Thurs.,
9.80 to 11 a.m.) are shown by tickets, which are issued at 9 a.m.
at the office of tiie mi^ordomo of the palace (eaish 1 m.).
Panoramas: p. 157, 165, 166, daily, 9 till dusk, 1 m.
^'Picture GalUry, v. Schockes (p. 160), daily 2-5, in winter 2-4 (fee »/a-l »»•).

126 Route 28, MUNICH. Diary.

•Pinakothek^ Old (p. 188), daily (except Sat.) 9-3 (in winter 9-2).

* Pinakothek^ New (p. 154), Sun., Tues., Thurs.« Sat., 8-12 and 2-4 (in winter

10-2); porcelain-paintings, same days and hours.

* Porcelain Painting» (l^ew Pinakothek, p. 154), see above.

RaihhtnUy New (p. 162), visitors admitted to the council-rooms between

2 and 3 (Sun. 10-12) on application to the castellan (fee).
'^Reiche Capelle (p. 128), in the Palace (see p. 125).
*Sehwanthaler Museum (p. 165), Hon., Wed., Frid., 9-2; daily by payment of

a fee (35 pf.) at any hour.
Slaughter Bouse* and Cattle Market (p. 165), week-days 7-5, Sun. 10-2 -,

tickets of admission at the restaurant (20 pf.).
Stablesy Royal (PI. F, 4), Sun. 9-12 (50 pf.), week-days 9-12 (Im.) and 24

(50 pf.), Wed. 3-4 free, closed on Hon.
St. Peter^s Churchy tower (p. 163), daily, tickets from attendant, 40 pf.
Treasury (p. 128), in the Fests^albau, see Palace.

Diary. Dailt: Old Pinakothek 9-3, exc. Sat.; Cabinet of Vases 9-1,
exc. Sat.; Library 9-12, exc. Sun.; Pictures of the Kunstverein 10-6, exc.
Sat.; Bronze Foundry 1-6, Sun. 12-2; Palace at 11, exc. Sun.; National
Museum, Hay to Sept. 9-2, Oct. to Apr. 10-2, exc. Hon. ; New Bathhaus
2-3, Sun. 10-12; Schack's Gallery 2-5; Anatomical collections 9-12 and 24;
Panoramas, from 9 a.m. ; Botanical Garden from 9 a.m. exc. Sat. — Churches.
•Frauen, Theatine, Basilica, and Auer open the whole day; Allerheiligen,
Ludwigs, and St.Hichael's till noon only (Allerheiligen also 2-4 p.m., by
payment of 20 pf.). — Hilitary music, see p. 124.

SUNDATS: Music at the Court Church of St. Michael at high mass, 9 a.m. ;
on the Sundays of Advent and Lent, and during Passion Week, vocal com-
positions only ; on Holy Thursday and Good Friday at 7 p.m. a grand Hise-
rere (by Allegn, etc.), when the church is illuminated by a cross composed
of 800 flames ; military mass with military music in the same church at
11.15 (only when the court is present). — Church-music in the Frauenkirche
at 9, in the Allerheiligenkirche at 11.30. Military parade with music at 12.
New Pinakothek and porcelain-paintings 8-12, 2-4. Cabinet of Vases 9-1.
Ethnographical Museum 9-1. Cabinet of Natural History and Collection
of Fossils 10-12. Maillinger Collection 9-1. Royal Stablea 9-12. — Hon-
DAT8 : Glyptothek 8-12 and 24. Reiche Capelle 9.30 to 11. Cabinet of
Engravings 9-12. Schwanthaler Huseum 9-2 (see above). Hof-Theater (in-
terior) 2. — TuBSDATs : Treasury 9.30 to 11. New Pinakothek and porcielain-
paintings 8-12, 24. Cabinets of Drawings and Engravings 9-1. Cabinet of
Vases 9-1. Antiquarium 8-12. Arsenal 9-12. Royal Stables 8-12 ft 24. —
Wednesdays : Glyptothek 8-12. Haximilianeum 10^12. Huseum of Plaster
Casts 3-5. Arsenal 8-5. Cabinet of natural history and fossils 24. Hof-
Theater (interior) 2. Schwanthaler Huseum 9-2. Ethnograph. Huseum 9-1.
Hilitary music in the Hofgarten 5-6. Royal Stables 8-12 A 2-4. — Thubs-
Dats : New Pinakothek and porcelain-paintings 8-12, 2-4. Cabinet of Engrav-
ings 9-1. Reiche Capelle 9.30 to 11. Royal Stables 8-12 ft 24. — Fridays :
Treasury 9V»-11. Glyptothek 8-12, 24. Drawings and Engravings 9-1.
Schwanthaler Huseum 9-2. Haillinger Collection 9-1. Arsenal 9-12. Royal
Stables 8-12 ft 24. — Satdsdays : Old Pinakothek closed. New Pinakothek
and porcelain-paintings 8-12, 2-4. Haximilianeum 10-12. Huseum of Plaster
Casts 3-5. Cabinet of natural history 24. Antiquarium 8-12. Hof-Theater
(interior) 2. Hilitary music, at the Chinese Tower in the Engl. Garden 5-6.
Royal Stables 8-12 ft 2-4. A «Drive (fiacres see p. 122) in the English
Garden (p. 167) is recommended after a morning of sight-seeing.

Principal Sights : »Old Pinakothek (p. 138), »National Huseum (p. 134),
•Basilica (p. 162), *Palace (p. 127), »Glyptothek (p. 157).

Monieh (1703 ft.), the capital of Bavaria, with 276,000 inhab.
is situated on the rapid Isar^ on the S. side of a sterile plain, 50 sq.
M. in area. The lofty situation of the city and its proximity to the
Alps render it liable to sudden changes of temperature , against
which visitors should be on their guard, especially towards evening.

HUtory. MUNICH. 28. BouU. 127

History. Munich was foonded by Henry the Lion, who constracted a
bridge over the Isar, a custom-house, a mint, and a salt-depot on the site of
the present city in 1158. The land is said to have belonged to the monks
of Schäftlam, whence the name of Forum ad Monachos, or Munich. Under
the Wittelsbach princes the town prospered. Otho the Illustrious (d. 1253)
transferred his residence to Munich , and his son Lewis the Severe built
Ihe Alte Hof (p. 133). Emp. Lewis the Bavarian almost entirely re-erected
the city, which was loyally attached to him, after a fire in 1^ (his tomb
in the Frauenkirche, see p. 183). Duke Albert V. founded the Library,
»nd the Kunstkammer, to which the Antiquarium, cabinet of coins, and
part of the National Museum owe their origin. Elector Maximilian I. (1597
••IGöl) erected the Arsenal, the Old Palace, and the Mariensäule (p. 162).
In 1632 Gufltavus Adolphus paid a lengthened visit to the city. Elector
Maximilian III. Joseph founded the Academy in 1757, and his successor
Charles Theodore of the Palatinate removed the old fortifications. King
Maximilian I. Joseph (d. 1^?5) contributed materially to the improvement
of the city by the dissolution of the religious houses and the erection of
new buildings, but for its modem magnificence Munich is chiefly indebted
to his son Lb wis. I. (d. 1868). That monarch, who even before his accession
had purchased several valuable works of art (e.g. the iSginetes, the so-called
Ilioneus) and. attracted Cornelias and other artista to Munich, raised the
city during his reign of 23 years to the foremost rank as a school of Ger-
man art. KUnze (d. 1864) was chiefly instrumental in carrying out the
architectural plans of the monarch, and he was ably seconded by Qäriner^
OhlmiUler, and Ziebland. The indefatigable JSehtoanthalet (d. 1848) provided
the plastic embellishment, and Cornelius (d. 1867) and his pupils enlivened
the walls with paintings of a monumental character. The harmony of
this period, however, was soon disturbed by a difference between Corne-
lius and Klenze, and when the king showed that his sympathies were
with the latter, Cornelius removed to Berlin. As Kaulbaeh (d. 1874) also
for the last tcin years of his life worked chiefly at Berlin, and Schwind
(d. 1874) at ttie Wartburg , the glory of Munich as an art-centre began
gradually to pale. The decline, however, was but transient; for while
Munich has lately produced nothing of the first rank in architecture
or sculpture, it has maintained its position as a leading school of paint-
ing, though under completely altered circumstances. The elder Munich
flutists were distinguished for their accuracy of drawing and composition ^
and plumed themselves on having revived the romantic style of art; the
latest generation, under the lead of Karl ^üoty (1^26-1886), on the contrary,
has fixed its attention chiefly on the study of colouring, and bestows the
utmost care upon technical perfection of finish.

Since the beginning of the present century, the population of
the city has been quadrupled. In treasures of art Munich is one of
the richest cities in Germany. Living is cheaper here than in any
other European capital.

The Max« Josephs-Platz (PI. E, 4), the centre of the traffic of
the city, and situated near the line which divides the old quarters
from the new^ is adorned with the *K9iiiiBient of Xing Kaz Joieph
(d. 1825), -erected hy the city on the 2öth anniversary of that
monarch's accession, modelled by the eminent iSotic^ of Berlin, and
east in bronze by Stifflmayer. The colossal statue in a sitting
posture rests on a pedestal adorned with reliefs emblematical of
Agriculture, Art, Constitution, and Religious Toleration.

The N. side of the Mait-Josephs^-Platz is occupied by the royal
Palace (PI. £, F, 4), which consists of three parts : on the S. side
towards the Platz the Konigabau, N. towards the Hof garten the
FestsaalbaUj and between these the Alte Residenz, or old palace.

1 28 Route 28. MUNICH. Fest^a^^bau,

The Alte Setidens, designed by Peter Candid, and erected
by Elector Maximilian I. in 1600-1616, comprlseg four conrts,
the Kaiserhof , Küchenhof, Brunnenhof, and Capellenhof (1. e.
courts of the emperor, kitchen, fountain, and chapel). The entrance is
by the CapelUhhof (through the middle portal in the Residenz-Str.).
The passage thence to the Brunnenhof contains ^JOuke Christopher's
Stone^ (an inscription on the wall). A staircase to the left ascends to
the Hercules Saloon^ where intending visitors to the palace assemble
at 11 o'clock (comp. p. 125). To the right. of the Capellenhof is the
OroUenhof, with a fantastic shell-grotto ; in the centre Perseus, after
B. Cellini. From the S.E. corner a passage leads to a larger court,
with fountain-figures of Neptune, etc., from which the Nibelungen
Saloons are entered(p.l29). The octagonal Brunnenhofis embellished
with a statue of Otho ofWittelsbach and other figures in bronze by
Peter Candid. The Allerheiligenkirche (p. 130) adjoins this court on
the E. ; to the S. a passage leads to the Hoftheater (p. 129).

The apartments of the Alte Residenz are magnificently fitted up

in the style of the 17th century. Visitors are conducted to the Kaiser-

%imrMr; the Orune OaUerie, containing Italian and Dutch pictures

of little value ,* the Bed Chamber, containing a richly-gilded bed ;

the Mirror Cabinet, with a collection of valuable crystal , etc. ;

the Miniature Cabinet, with miniatures, among them'^a *St. Jerome

by A. Dürer. — The Trierzimmer and Papstsimnier (adm., see

p. 125) contain furniture, tapestry, etc., of the 17th and 18th cent.

The *Trfl«raTj (admission, see p. 125) contains jewels and precious

trinkets, including the Bavarian *Biui8diainant\ a magnificent hlue dia-

wife Cunigunde, of the year 1010« group of St. George and the Dragon,
with the knight in chased gold, the dragon of jasper, and the whole
adorned with diamonds, rubies, emeralds, and pearls; model of Tts^bm's
Column, executed by the goldsmith Valadier ITBS^.

The ''Beiche Oajpelle (adm., see p. 125) contains costly objects in gold
and silver, many of them of lügh artistic worth ; two miniature altars by
Benv. Cellini (?), the enamelled pocket altar of Mary Queen of Scots, about
6 in. ill length, and a Descent from the Cross in wax by Michael Angelo.

The *7eitsaftlbaii (fa^de towards theHo^arten, 286 yds. long),
a 'building of festive halls', erected in 1832^2 by Klenxe in the
later Italian Renaissianoe style, possesses a handsome porch of 10
Ionic columns, surmounted by two lions, between which are 8 alle*
gorical figures in marble-limestone by iSehwanthaler , representing
the different provinces of the kingdom. The siiL saloons of the
ground-floor are decorated with encaustic "^ubal Pazntings Ifbom
THE Odtssbt, by HiJUensperger, from designs by Sehwanthaler (at
present closed).

A broad marble stidrease ascends to the first floor from the
passage on the E. side of the Küchenhof. Visitors , however , ar«i
usually conducted from the Hercules Saloon to the antechambers
by a long corridor.

.Hof-Theater. MUNICH. 2«. BouU. 129

Antb-Chakbsb : adjoining it, a staircase with six handsome columns of
marble from the Untersberg \ 2nd ante-chamber with reliefs by Sckwantha-
ler ; 3rd ante-chamber decorated in the Pompeian style by Hiltensperger. —
Magnificent Bali. Boom, tribunes supported by marble columns and bear-
ing Cairyatides of papier-mach^, coloured reliefs (dancing genii) by Sckwan-
thaler» Two Cahd Rooms with thirty-six *Porira%U of Beautiful Women hj
StieleTt whose names the custodian enumerates. — Battlk Saloon : Twelye
large pictures representing scenes from the wars in ISO&'lö. — *Hall ol*
Chablbmagnb: encaustic paintings (mural paintings on wax ground) de-
signed by Sehnorr. Charlemagne anointed by Pope Stephen II. as Defender
of the Church ; his victory over the Lombard king Desiderius at Pavia;
victory over the Saxons , felling of the sacred oak and erection of the
cross; synod at Frankfurt; coronation; also twelve smaller scenes from
the emperor''s life. Between the windows Alcuin, Arno, and Eginhard. —
*Babbasossa Hall, by the same masters : election as emperor, entry into
Milan, banishment of Henry the Lion, installation of Otho of Wittelsbach,
reconciliation with Pope Alex. III. at Venice, imperial festival at Mayence,
battle at Iconium, death. Reliefs above by Sehwanthaler. — 'Hapsbukg Sa-
loon, chiefly by Schnorr: Rudolph's meeting with the priest; his accept-
ance of the imperial sceptre ; victory over Ottokar of Bohemia ; Rhenish
robber -knights summoned before his tribunal. Frieze by Scftaind^ re-
presenting the Triumph of the Arts, etc. — *Thronb Saloon. Twelve
magnificent gilded bronze statues, over life-size, by Sehwanihaler y of the
ancestors of the House of Wittelsbach, from Otho the Illustrious to
Charles XII. of Sweden, here form a very imposing and appropriate ter-
mination to the suite.

The Konigsban (facade towards the Max-Josephs^Platz , 154
yds. long*), erected in 1826-33 by KLenze in imitation of the Pitti
Palace at Floience , but of inferior effect owing to some necessary
deviations from the original plan , Is adorned in the interior with
sculptures, frescoes, and other works of art (not accessible).

The S.W. apartments on the ground-floor (entered from the
Grottenhof, p. 128) are adorned with the magnificent ^Nibblunobn
Fbbscobs by Sehnorr y begun in 1846. The last room was painted
by his pupils in 1867. In the lunettes, numerous smaller paintings.

Entbahge Hall : the principal persons of the poem, right, Sigfried and
Chriemhild; then Hagen, Volker, Dankwart; above, the dwarf Alberich,
keeper of the Kibelungen treasure, and Eckewart, Chriemhild's messenger ;
left, Günther and Brunhild ; Queen Ute (Gunther''s mother) with her sons
Gemot and Giselher ; Sigmund and Sigelinde, Sigfried's parents ; next. King
Atila and Rüdiger, Dietrich of Bern and Meister Hildebrand. Mabriaob
Hall : Sigfried's return from the war against the Saxons ; Brunhild''s arrival
at Worms; Sigfried and Chriemhild's nuptials; opposite, by the window,
the delivery of the girdle. Hall of Tbbachbrt : (by the window) quarrel
of the queens Chriemhild and Brunhild in front of the cathedral at Worms.
Sigfried murdered by Hagen at the well ; Chriemhild finds Sigfried's corpse
at the door of the cathedral: Hagen proved to be the murderer by the
corpse beginning to bleed afresh. Over the door: Hagen throwing the
Nibelungen treasure into the Rhine. Hall of Rbvenob: Fall of the
heroes (by the window) ; Chriemhild expostulates with Volker and Hagen ;
combat on the staircase of the burning palace ; Dietrich conquers Hagen ;
Chriemhild*s death. Over the doors : the last combat of the heroes ; Hagen
brought before Chriemhild by Dietrich ; Atila's lament. Hall op M oubnino :
Burial of the fallen heroes ; the sad tidings conveyed to Burgundy ; Bishop
Pilgram causes mass to be sung for the repose of the dead.

The Hof- und -Kfrtional-Tlieater(Pl. F, 4), on the E. side of the
Max-Josephs-Platz (performances, see p. 124), the largest in Ger-
many , accommodating 2400 spectators , was originally erected by

Babdbkbb^s S. Germany. 6th Edit 9

130 Route 28, MUNICH. Hofgarten.

Fischer (d. 1822), but was burned down in 1823 and re-erected in
its original form by Klenze within eleven months. It is 145 ft.
high, 190 ft. broad, and 225 ft. deep ; the stage measures 95 ft. in
breadth by 115 ft. in depth. The pediment of the Corinthian co-
lonnade is adorned with frescoes designed by Schwanthaler (in the
upper , Pegasus and the Here ; in the lower, Apollo and the Mu-
ses). The arrangements of the interior merit inspection (adm. see
p. 125). Yisitors are conducted through the building, and to the
roof (fine survey of the town and environs) in about 1^2 ^f* —
Between the Hof-Theater and the Allerheiligenkirche Is situated
the Besidenz-Theater (PI. 95), tastefully decorated in the rococe
style (room for 800 spectators).

The *AlIer1ieiligen-Hofkirohe (All Saints' Church), or Court
Chapel (PI. 41 ; adm. see p. 126; entrance on the E. side of the
Palace , next door to the Besidenz-Theater) , erected in 1837 by
Klente in the Byzantine style , with Romanesque facade , is a per-
fect gem of taste and magnificence. The arches rest on columns
of variegated marble , the walls are covered with different coloured
marbles; and the vaulting, window-arches, and choir are adorned
with frescoes on a gold ground by Hess and his pupils, emblematical
of the Trinity. The concealment of the windows causes the light to
enter in a very effective manner. — During divine service the
chapel can only be entered from the Brunnenhof (p. 128).

Adjoining the Festsaalbau on the N. is the Hofgarten (PI. E,
F, 3, 4), or palace-garden, planted with trees, and bounded on two
sides by open Arcades, which are adorned with faded frescoes of
landscapes and historical subjects , painted in 1827-34. Opposite
the middle of the W. side is a fountain with a nymph in bronze by
SchwantJuiler,

By the entrances next to the Palace are three frescoes by Kaulbtxch,
representing Bavarian rivers (Danube and Rhine, Main and Isar) and Ba-
varia. The historical frescoes on the W. side represent events from the
history of Bavaria, and were executed by pupils of Cornelius; beyo nd them
are masterly landscapes from Italy and Sicily by Karl Rottmann (d. 1850).
Each scene has its name annexed. The distichs over the pictures are by
King Lewis I. On the N. side, at the top, are thirty-nine small encaustic
paintings from the Greek War of Independence, from sketches by P. JSeu
(p. 156). — In the niches on the N. side, on the right of the egress towards
tlie English Garden, are the labours of Hercules in colossal woodengroups,
executed by B. Boos in the 17th cent., restored in 1852.

The ground- floor of the N. wing contains the Huseiuii of
Plaster Casts of classic sculptures (adm., see p. 125), a tolerably
extensive collection, affording a survey of the development of
the plastio art from the 6th cent, before Christ down to the
present day (Conservator, Prof. Brunn). Catalogue 30 pf. —
The Ethnographical Museum occupies seven rooms on the upper
floor, to the left of the outlet towards the English Garden (adm.
see p. 125 ; Conservator Prof. Wagner). Catalogue 50 pf. — Oppo-
site , to the right of the entrance to the English Garden , is the
entrance to the Art TTnioni or Kunstverein (PL F, 3: adm., see

FeldhermhalU. MUNICH. S8. Route. 131

p. 125), the oldest and largest In Germany (estab. 1823), contain-
ing paintings and scnlptures by living artists , some of them the
property of the sooiety, others for sale.

At the back of the Alte Residenz (p. 128) , in the Marstall-
Platz, are the Royal Ooaoh Houses and B^uness Booms (Hofwagtn-
burg; adm., see p. 126), containing an extensive collection oif
yehides belonging to rulers of Bavaria in the 17-19th cent.,
the most noteworthy of which are the *State Sledges and Carriages
of King Lewis U*

Most of the buildings in the handsome Ludwigs -Strasse (PI.
F, E, 4-1), originated by King Lewis L, 50 yds. in width, and
3/4 M. in length , are in various forms of the Renaissance style,
constructed, like the Basilica, of brick and stone skilfully combined.

The Feldhermhalle (PI. £, 4), or Hall of the Generals, at the
S. end, a copy of Orcagna's Loggia delLanzi at Florence, erected in
1844 by Gartner, contains the statues of TUly and Wrede , both
by Schwanthaler. Military music here daily at noon (p. 124).

The Church of the Theatines (PI. E, 4), erected i661-7d in the
debased Italian style, overladen with decoration, contains the Royal
Yaults, in which Emp. Charles YU. also reposes. The facade dates
from 1767. Pictures in the interior by Tintoretto, Zanchi, Carl Loth,
Cignami, and others. To the right is the mortuary chapel of King
Maximilian IL (d. 1864). To the left in the sacristy is an Entomb-
ment by Hess,

In the Odeons- Platz rises the equestrian Statue of Lewis L
(d. 1868) , by Widnmann, erected by the 'grateful city of Munich*
in 1862. — The Palace of Count Arco-Zinneberg, Odeons-Platz I,
next the Odeon, contains an interesting *GoüeeUon ofAntUrs (adm.
p. 125), with many fine and curious specimens. To the left is the
Odeon (PL E, 3), erected in 1828 by KUnte, and destined for con-
certs and balls ; one of the apartments is fitted up as an English
Chapel (see p. 124). The ceiling of the concert-room is decorated
with frescoes by Kaulbach and others , the orchestra with busts of
celebrated composers (partly concealed by the organ).

Adjoining, on the N. side of the square, on the left, stands the
Palaeo of the Prince Begent Lnitpold , formerly that of the Duke
of Leuch€enberg (PI. £, 3), erected by Klen%e. Opposite (Fürsten--
Str. 1) is the Palaee of Prince Ludwig Ferdirhand. Then , farther
to the N. in the Ludwigs - Strasse (left), the Palaee of Büke Max
(PI. E, 3), by KUnze, with frescoes by Langer, Kaulbach, and Ztm--
mermann , and a marble frieze representing the myth of Bacchus,
by Sehwarhthaler ; right, the War Office (PI. F, 2, 3), also by Kleme.

The ♦Royal Library (Pi. F, 2 ; adm. see p . 125), buUt in 1832-42
by Gärtner in the Florentine style, the steps adorned with colossal
statues of Aristotle, Hippocrates, Homer, and Thucydides , is mag-
nificently and appropriately fitted up. Imposing *Stairea8e; above,
on each side, is a gallery, borne by 16 marble columns ; on tiio walls

9*

132 BOUÜ28. MUNICH. ' Library.

are medallion-portraits of celebrated poets and scholars. At the en-
trance to the library are statues of Albert Y. , the founder, and
Lewis I., the builder of the library, both by Sehwanthaler* The li-
brary, one of the most extensive in Europe, comprises upwards of
1,000;000 Yols. and 30,000 MSS., and is especiaUy valuable for its
theological and biblical literature and German MSS. The most in-r
teresting rarities are exhibited in glass-cases in a separate saloon
(Chneliensaal).

FiBST Cask: Speeimens of sabstances uaed to write on; bronee and
wax tablets, papyrus, parchment, palimosests, cotton and linen paper,
palm-leaves, bark, woven materials. Also Drazen tabulae honettae miasionis^
or certificates of nonourabie discharge of Bonutn soldiers \ 'So. 2. Codex
Purpureus^ a Latin Book of the Gospels of the 9th cent., written on purple
velhim with gold and silver letters. <— Skoohd : 12. Bretiarivm Jitortet, an
extract from the Code of Theodosius the 0reat, made in Spain by order of
Alaric, king of the Visigoths, 484-506. — Tbibd : Earliest German HSS. 20.
LU>er de inventione B. Crucis^ written before 814, from the monastery of
Wessobrunn in Tipper Bavaria ; 28. The Beliand^ a harmony of the Gospels
in early Low German (the gospels in alliterative verseh 24. Otfried €/
Weissenburg's Otospel in verse, written at Freising, 883-906; 26. Oldest
(idth cent.) MS. of the Nibelungen Lied , from the monastery of Hohen-
embsnear Bregens; 27. ' Tritta» and Isolde ^ poem by Godfrey of Strass-
burg, MS. of 1340, with paintings; 28. Fareival and TUurel, by Wolfram
von Eschenbach, with paintings. — Fodbth: 34. Koran on parchment
with gold letters; 36. Miniature Koran, the smallest MS. in the collec-
tion; 96. 8^ah Nameh^ Persian epic by Firdusi. A drawer contains the
tournament -book of Duke William IV. of Bavaria, painted in 1541-44.
— Fifth : *38. ^Livre de Jehan Bocace des ecu des n6$les hommes et fem-
me<\ translation made in 1409 for Prince John of France, with admi-
rable miniatures by Fouqu^. — Sixth : 40. Prayer-book of Bmp. Lewis
the Bavarian ; 41. Latin prayer-book with miniatures by Memling; 42. Latin
prayer-book with illustrations, executed by Sinibaldi of Florence in 1485 ; all
three richly bound and decorated with silver, pearls, and enamel ; 46. Jewels
of Anne of Austria, consort of Duke Albert V. of Bavaria, the miniature-
paintings by Hans Miielich; 47 Calendarium of the 16th cent, by Brueg-
hel (?); 48. Prayer-book of Duke Albert V. of Bavaria by Clovio (1Ö74);
*50. Prayer-book of the Emp. Maximilian, with marginal drawings by Albert
Dürer and Cranach. — Sixth, a,: Two folios of the penitential psalms of
David set to music by Orlando di Lasso, and illuminated with admirable
miniatures bv Hans Muelich. — Seventh : *55. Codex Aureus, written in gold
letters in 870 by order of Emp. Charles the Bald ; the cover consists of a
plate of embossed gold, with jewels and pearls. — Eiohth : *ö6-60. Four
Books of Gospels and a missal of Emp. Henry II. (10ß4) , presented to the
cathedral of Bamberg. — IKinth and Tenth : Specimens of the first attempts
at printing, including a copy of the first Latin Bible printed by Guten-
be^ and Fust at Mayenee, probably between 1460 and 1465. Stereotype
plate of 1563. In a drawer below the ninth case is an edition of Luther's
translation of the Bible, containing large coloured portrait«) of Luther,
Melanchthon, and the Elector Augustus I. of Saxony, painted by the younger
Granach«

The Bavarian Ifational Archives, stored in the fire-proof chambers on
the ground-floor of the Library, include an interesting collection of medals
and of impressions of the seals of German emperors, princes, and noblemen
(shown on application).

The *Ivdwig8kiroli6 (PI. F, 2), erected in 1829-44 in the
Italian Romanesque style by Oärtner, is a handsome cruciform struc-
ture. Facade flanked with two towers 234 ft. in height. Mosaic
roof of variegated tiles. Above the portal Christ and the four Evan-

ßiegesihor, MUNICH. 28. Route, 1 33

gellste, statues by Sehvianihaler. The entire wall at the back of the
high-altar is covered with the *La8t Judgment, the largest fresco of
the artist Comtli'my 66 ft. bigh, 40 ft. broad; the light in the
church, however, is so subdued that the picture is only seen to ad«*
vantage about noon on bright days. The other frescoes were de«
signed by Cornelius , and executed by his pupils : on the vaulting
of the principal choir, God the Father as Creator of the world; Tight
side of choir, the Adoration of the. Magi; left side, the Crucifixion«
On the keystone of the vaulting at the centre of the cross, the Dove
as an emblem of the Holy Ghost .; in the sections around are patriarchs,
prophets, and martyrs. The low aisles are divided into three chapels
on each side. In the adjacent grounds (eptrance by the gate on the
left) are frescoes by Foriner at the different shrines.

Opposite the church is the Blind Asylum (PI. F, 2), erected by
Qäftnet in 1834-38 in the Florentine style. The portals are embel-*
lished with statues of »SS, Rupert, Benno, Ottilia, and Lucia, the
patron-saints of the blind.

The Uniyetiity (PI, F, 1) on th* left, the ^timW Seminary,
or Oeotgianum, opposite to it, and the Max^Joseph Schoolj erected
by Gärtner, form a large square, intersected by the Ludwigs-Stxasse,
and adorned with two Fountain« copied from those by Bernini in the
piazza of St. Peter at Rome, and with pleasure-grounds. The unU
versity (2600 «tud.), founded in 1472 at Ingolstadt (p. 117), was
transferred to Landshut (p. 119) in 1800, and thence to Munich
in 1826. The University Library, on the second floor, contains up-
wards of 300,000 vols, (open daily, 9-12).

The *Siege8thor (PI. F, 1), or Gate of Victory , erected by Lewis I.
Ho the Bavarian army*, begun by Gärtner in lo43 , and completed
by Metzger in 1850, is an imitation of the triumphal arch of Oonstan-
tine at Rome, and is surmounted by 'Bavaria' in a quadriga drawn
by lions , a group in bronze designed by Wagner (comp. p. 154).
Over the Corinthian columns at the sides are figures pi Victory ; on
the walls basreliefs , representing warlike exploits (below) and the
different provinces of the kingdom (above). This fine structure
forms an appropriate termination to the handsome Ludwigs-Strasse.

Beyond the Siegesthor, to the left, is the imposing new *Acad-
em7 of Arty built in the Italian Renaissance style from designs by
Neureuther. (Director, F, A. v. Kaulbach.) — Farther on in the
Schwabing road, to the left, is the Palace of Prince Leopold,

On the S. side of the Max- Josephs-Platz is the Post Otftee (PI.
E, 4, 5). The facade towards the Platz was constructed by Klen&e
In 1836. The open arcade supported by columns contains six paint-
ings of horses on a red ground in the Pompeian style, by Hiltensperger.
The original facade of the building towards the Resldenz-Str. is in
the Italian palatial style (1740). — To the right a short street leads
to the Alte Hofj the oldest palace of the Dukes of Bavaria , erected

134 RouU28. MUNICH. National Museum.

in 1253, and now oocnpled by public offices. A passage to the left
in front of it leads to the Hofhrauhausj or * Court Brewery* (PI. F, 5).

The broad «Mazimmans-Straf Be (PI. F, G, H, 5), nearly B/4 M.
in length , beginning at the Max- Josephs-Platz, and extending £.
across the Maximilians-Brücke to the suburb of Haidhausen, was
erected by desire of King Max in an entirely noyel style of do-
mestic architecture. First, on the right, is the Mini (PI. 68), with
arcades embellished with statues. About 400 paces farther on, the
street expands into a long Platz , laid out in pleasure-grounds ; on
the left the Oovemment Buildings (Pi. G, Ö), on the right the National
Museum (see below). In the centre rise four monuments : to the
left a Statue of General Deroy (PI. 19), who was killed at Polozk in
1812, designed by Halbig ; adjoining it, that of Count Rumford (d.
1814), founder of the English Garden, by Zumbusch. Opposite is
the Statue of SeheUingi the philosopher (d. 1854), designed by
Brugger ; beside which rises that of Fraunhofer , the celebrated opti-
cian (d. 1826), by Halbig.

The ^BayariaairatioiuJXiueiim (PI. F« G, 5 ; adm. see p. 125),
founded by King Max H. in 1855, contains an extremely rieh col-
lection of objects illustrative of the progress of eivllisation and art.
The building was erected in 1858-66 from the design of Riedel. The
central portion, 105 ft. in height, is surmounted by a 'Bavaria' with
the lion, in zinc. The fagade is richly adorned with caryatides, sta-
tues, reliefs, and other enrichments. Director, Ptof Riehl,

The BaTarian National Hiia«um contain« objects of art of every kind,
dating from the Roman period down to the present day, and representing
every civilised country, special prominence being assigned to Bavaria.
The plans suspended at the entrance afford a general ontline of the arrange-
ment of the museum. The collections are divided into two principal
sections: 1. General Chronological Collection of the products of human in-
dustry from the early centuries of the Christian era to the present day;
2. Special Colleetions, illustrating special branches of art or industry, and
too extensive to be embraced in the General Collection. The General Col'
lection begins to the right on the ground-floor, and is continued on the
second floor; the Special Collections occupy the left side of the ground-
floor and the thirty rooms on the first floor. The apartments of the flrst
floor are also embellished with large JAf mi PamMi^rj, illustrating the history
pf Bavaria. At the back of the building is a Gasdeh , which contains a
series of monuments extending from the Roman period to the i8th cent,
(the most remarkable is the *Qroup of Vars and Venus in bronse, by
Hubert Gerhard, 1560). The Museum farther includes an extensive Idbrarp
of TechniccU Works and a copying-room, the use of which is granted to
artists and students on application. The larger groups and other objects
of greatest importance m the various sections are provided with in-
scriptions.

Gbodnd Floob. In- the Vestibule are cannon, a relief of St. George»
and in the centre the stone monument of a Count of Hag (d. 1666), with
a recumbent figure. The rooms to the !</) of the entrance contain the
following Special Gollsotionb (see above): 1. Metal ornaments; utensils
in bronze, copper, brass, and tin; modem work in metal; tapestry. 2.
Smithes work; two Roman mosaic pavements; Roman altar; tapestry.
$-5. Iron ornaments and other articles. 6-9. Plaster easts. 7. Several or-
namented tin coffins from the burial vault of ttie princes of Pfals-!Keu*
burg at Lauingen (p. 99). 10. Specimens of wood «carving from 1460

to im

National Museum, MUNICH. 28. BouU, 135

To the right of the entrance is the dep&rtment of ^Mbdijival Abt,
the oliject0 in which range from the early Christian epoch to the begin-
ning of the 16th century. They consist of architectural fragments, statues,
monuments with reliefs, mural paintings, easel-paintings, stained glass ;
articles of church-furniture, such as altars, choir-stalls, priedieu's« and pro-
cession-poles, and also smaller ecclesiastical objects, such as chalices, cru-
cifixes, monstrances, reliquaries, censers, candelabra, reading-desks, and
ritual-books with choice miniatures. Among the most noteworihy objects
are the following: Roam /. Group of ivory earrings, including a small tablet
of the 5th cent, with reliefs of the Holy Sepulchre and the Ascension ;
jewel-casket of the Garlovingian period, from Bamberg^ enamel -work on
metal, of the 11th and 12th centuries ; mural paintings from the monastery
of Rebdorf (13th cent) •, stained glass from Seligenthal (1250) ; figures of
the Apostles in stone from Wessobrunn, of the same period. — Boom II.
Memorial stones with reliefs ; small reliquary-iJtar, with paintings in tem-
pera. — Bwm III. Winged altar from Pähl near Weilheim (1380-1420)}
altar of the 15th cent., of the richest Oothic construction and tapering
towards the top. — Boom IV. Large triple altar from the old Franciscan
church at Bamberg (1^); stained glass from the Cathedral of Ratisbon.

— Room V. Ceiling and panelling from the old Weavers'* Hall at Augs-
burg (lA57)i figures of the twelve Apostles in wood from Lübeck. —
Room VI, Large piece of Flemish tapestry, representing the Kativity and
Adoration of the Child in a landscape (141O-1500); No. 7. (under the window)
original model for a monument to Lewis with the Beard of Bavaria (1429).

— Room VII. Rich Gothic ceiling in linden-wood from a saloon in the
eastle of Oberiiaus near Passau; handsome carved cabinets; bedsteads;
works in mother-of-pearl; the celebrated parchment prayer-books with
paintings by Hans Memling. — Room VIII. Stair-case and gallery from
AltrOtting (16th cent.); altar of the Virgin from Weissenburg (15th cent.).

— Boom IX. (in seven sections). Wooden statuettes of the twelve Apostles,
by Tilman Biemenschneider (about l'^) ; Death of the Virgin , a group
carved in wood, from Ingolstadt (1490-1500); two proeession-poles of the
Fishermen's Guild of Ii^olstadt; altar with gilded carving and paintings,
by Michael Fächer of Bruneck (about 1479); other altars, choir-stalls, etc.

— Room X. Winged altar carved in oak, from Calcar (1470-1500); Flemish
tapestry worked in gold thread with allegorical representations; winged
altar of 1575.

The staircase, adorned with weapons and reliefs, ascends hence to the
FiBST Flook, which contains the Histobical Fkxscoes and the remainder
of the Spboial Collections (see above). To the right is the Collection of
Costumes , Weapons , and Ornaments of different periods , chronologically
arranged: articles found in tombs of the Teutonic and Roman periods;
golden shield-boss from Schifferstadt in the Palatinate (9th or 10th cent.) ;
Dalmatica of Emp. Henry the Saint (d. 1034) ; Mitoe from the monastery
of Seligenthal ; painted shields and targes ; armour of Count von Preysing
and Baron von Freiberg from Hohenaschau; German helmets; the gilt
armour of Diether von Raitcnau, Bishop of Salzburg ; ornamented swords
and wheel-lock muskets belonging to Elector Max I. and others; Tilly *s
coat ; wedding cloak of Duke Albert V. ; costume and ornaments, found in
the graves of the Counts-Palatine of Neuburg; costumes of the patricians
of Imperial German cities and their wives ; collection of models of the
cannon used in the Thirty Tears' War; (mental weapons, captured at
Belgrade by Max Emanuel; relics of Frederick the Great; ifapoleon's
sword. — ()mament8 and garments of the Bavarian sovereigns, Max Jo-
seph I., Lewis I. and his consort Theresa^and Max II.. of Otho, King of
Greece and his wife, and of Fieldmarshal Wrede. — Collection of musical
instruments from the 14th to the 19th century. Specimens of Nuremberg
bismuth-paintings and brazier's work. Original goldsmith's models from
the 15th to the 19th century. Toys of the same period. Collection of
old ship-models, including a model of one of the vessels fitted out against
Algiers in 1541 by Charles V.

The Cbntbal Saloon contains plans and models of Munich and other
Bavarian towns; Schiller's writing-table. — The first room to the left of

136 Route 28. MUNICH. MaxvniUaneüm.

the entrance contains the Textile Collection, consisting of lace , embroi-
dery, and various materials for dress. Next to it is the Oeranlic Collection,
extending from the Roman period to the present time, and including speci-
mens of all the chief manufactories of the world. The end of this wing
is occupied by the Glass Collection, which also includes specimens from
the Roman period down to our own day.

The Second Floob contains works of art of the *Rbnais8ANob akd
HoDBBN Tikes. The staircase is embellished with a fine wooden ceiling
Arom the chateau at Dachau, and tapestry from cartoons by Raphael. The
various rooms are hung with tapestry executed after the works of different
masters (from Flanders, Germany, France), and contain ceilings from
Dachau, Neuburg, Donauwörth, and the Royal Palace at Munich. Among
the choicest contents are: Room J. Finely ornamented drinking-cups and
utensils of various kinds, carvings in ivory, small wood-carvings by Ha*
genauer. — Room II. Cast of the monument of St. Sebald by Ptier Viseher
at Nuremberg, and (No. 3.) an original bronze slab by Viseher, (No. 4.)
Bronze figure of a kneeling man by Vist^r. Bridal casket of the Duchess
Jacobeea of Bavaria. — Room III. Vessels in Limoges enamel by P. Ray-
mond and P. Cortoy (1558-62). * Silver -gilt hammer, executed from the
design of Michael Angelo for the use of Pope Julius III. at the opening
of the great Jubilee Festival in 1550. — Room IV. Altars of carved wood,
and embellished in various manners. Tables of Hispano-Morcsco work-
manship, "^ Room V. In the centre a boudoir of a Countess Fugger
from the chateau at Donauwörth, preserved entire. — Room VI. Artistic
cabinets and ornaments. — Room VII. Table of Kelheim stone, elabor-
ately engraved with portraits, arms, perpetual calender, etc.) two tables in
Scagliolawork (imitation of mosidc); carved furniture. — Room VIII,
Two cabinets in tortoise^shell and Florentine mosaic. Cabinets of ivory,
silver, enamel, and lapis lazuli.' Vessels of rock crystal set in gold and
enamel. — Room IX. Mosaics and furniture. -^ Room XII. Gilded ceiling
from the palace at Munich. Large silver watches from Augsburg. —
Room XV. *lyory carvings, including examples of Elhafen and Simon
Troger. ''Cabinet for coins by Angermeyer of Wcilhcim (1024). —
Room» XVI. -XVIII. Tapestry from the Munich manufactory. — Room XIX»
First attempts at a resuscitation of the art of staining glass. Relics of
Max I. Joseph, Lewis I., and Max IL

At the end of the prolongation of the street stands the magni-
ficent *Uonument of King Haximillan 11. (d. 1864), erected
by his ^faithful people' in 1875. The colossal figure of the king
in his coronation robes (I6Y2 ft- high) stands upon a granite
pedestal, 26ft. in height, rising in stages. In his right hand he
holds the roll of the constitution , in his left a sword. At the base
of the pedestal sit allegorical figures of Peace, Enlightenment,
Strength (Power of Defence), and Justice ; at the upper angles are
four figures of children bearing the Bayariau coat-of-arms and
wreaths of laurel. The figures are all in gilded bronze, cast by
Miller from models by Zumhusch,

The Iffaximilianenin (PI. H, 5), Bituated on the Ocuteighohe, on
the right bank of the Isar, beyond the MaximUianshrücke (constructed
by Zenetti in 1859-64), forms a suitable termination to this hand-
some street. This institution was founded by King Max II. to give
advanced instruction to students who have shown special aptitude
for the civil service. The architöct was Burklein. Admission, see
p. 125.

A broad circular approach ascends to th& facade, which rises in two
series of arches on a lofty terrace. The slightly curved central part of
the structure is adjoined by open arcades on each side, flanked with corner

Vr

WÜtOshaeh Palace. MUNICH. 28, BouU, 137

towers. This point commands a beautiful view of ihe rirer. the city, and
the mountains. The hall and staircase are handsome.

Three rooms on the upper floor contain thirty large oil paintings,
illustrative of the most momentous events in the history of the world;
adjoining these on the right and left are two saloons adorned with frescoes.

Bntbancs Hall : left, 1. Cabomely The Fall of man ■, right, 2. Müller ^
If ahomef s entry into Mecca. — Room to the left. Wall of the entrance :
*3. Richter y Construction of the Pyramids. To the right: 4. 0<to, Banquet
at Susa; "^b. Kaulbachy Battle of Salamis ; 6. Folie, Age of Pericles ; 7. i7U<
tensperger, Olympian Games ; $. Ä. Müller, Alexander the Great at Susa ',
9. Conrdder, Fall of Carthage; 10. Sehraudolph, Nativity; 11. Ouniel,
Battle of Arminius*, 12. Biltensperger , Age of Augustus; 18. Haiuehüd,
Crucifixion; 14. Deger, Ascension. — Boom to the right. Entrance-wall:
15. Köckert, Haroun al-Baschid. On the left : 16. F. Kaulhach, Charlemagne ;
17. Echter, Battle on the Lechfeld ; 18. Sehwoiser , Henry IV. at 'Canossa ;
19. PUoty, Godfrey de Bouillon ; 20. Foltx, Frederick Barbarossa and Henry
the Lion ; 21. Rambergi Emp. Frederick JI. at Palermo ; 22. Kreling, Lewis
the Bavarian ; 23. Schnorr , Luther ; 24. iHlotjf , Queen Elizabeth of Eng-
land ; 25. Pilotp , Elector Maximilian I. ; 26. Kotzebue , Peter the Great ;
27. Adam, Battle of Zorndorf; 28. Pauwels, Louis XIV.; 29. K Bess,
Washington ; 90. P. Bess, Battle of Leipsic.

The external ^loggie^ and side-rooms contain busts and portraits of
eminent philanthropists, inventors, generals, and statesmen.

On both sides of the Maximilianeum are the * IJatteig Pro-
menades» laid out under King Max II. from the designs of Effner,
They extend up the Isar as far as the stone bridges, and downwards
to Bogenhausen (p. 156). — To the E. of the Maximilianeum lies
the suburb of Baidhausen, with the ChnrclL of St. John (B. H. 6),
a modem Gothic edifice erected in 1853-62; central tower, 280 ft.
high. The Interior , which is without aisles, is tastefully decora-
ted, and has groined vaulting, marble altars, and stained-glass
windows in the choir.

The handsome Brienner-Strasse leads straight from the Odeons-
Platz towards the W. to the Propylaea and the Glyptothek. The
Wittelsbacher Platz to the right is adorned with the equestrian
*8tAtae ci Elector Maadmilian I. (PI. E, 3), the founder and chief
(d. 1651) of the Roman Catholic League , and conqueror at the
Weisse Berg near Prague , designed by Tfwrvaldsen in 1839 , and
cast by Stiglmayer with the metal of captured Turkish cannon.

At the E. end of the Maximllians-Platz (p. 164) is a Statue of
Schiller by Widnmann , erected in 1863. To the right, farther on,
is the Wittelsbach Palace fPl. E, 3) , in the medieval English
pointed style , built in 1843-50 from plans by Oartner, This was
the residence of Lewis I. from his abdication down to his death
(1868), Visitors are admitted on application to the castellan (to
the right in the court). The court and the staircase are worthy
of inspection.

In the centre of the Karolinenplatz (PL D, 3) rises an Obelisk,
104 ft. in height, cast almost entirely of the metal of guns captured
in war, 31 tons in weight, and erected by Lewis I. in 1833 to the
memory of 30,000 Bavarians who perished in the Russian war.

138 Route 2S. MUNICH. Old Pinakothek.

The Barer-Strasse on the right leads from the Karolinen-Platz to
the Old and New Pinakothek.

The ^^Old Pinakothek (i. e. 'Repository of Pictures', from the
Greek; PI. D, 2; admission, see p. 128), erected In 1826-36 by
KUnze in the Renaissance style, to some extent resembling the Vati-
can, is adorned on the S. side, on the attic story above, with twenty-
four statues of celebrated painters from sketches by Sehwanthaler.
It contains upwards of 1400 pictures , arranged chronologically and
according to schools , in twelve large saloons , lighted from above,
and twenty-three cabinets. The name of the painter is attached to
each picture. Catalogue 1 m. 60 pf. The cabinets should be visited
immediately after the rooms to which they belong, in order to pre-
serve the historical sequence. Director, Prof, von Bebet,

Origin of the CoLLBCTioir. This fine national gallery lias been de-
veloped from the onion of three different collections. As early as the
16th and t7th centuries the Bavarian princes were distinguished for their
love of art, and amassed, numerous paintings. Elector Maximilian I. in
particular was an enthusiastic admirer of Dürer, and secured at Nurem-
berg several of that master^s finest works. In the year 1806 this collection
was extensively increased by the removal to Munich of the celehrated
Düsseldorf Gallery, which had been founded hy the Electors of the Pala-.
tinate. The object of this removal was to save the collection from being
carried off to Paris. The numerous examples of Netherlandish masters of
the 17th cent., including the imposing Kubens collection, formed part of
the Düsseldorf Gallery. The third great constituent part of the Pinakothek
is the Bbisaerie Collection^ consisting of works of the lower Rhenish school
rescued by the brothers Snlpice and Melchior Boisser^e and their friend
Bertram from the churches and monasteries which were suppressed at
Cologne during the years 1806-1810. and of some important works oif the
school of the Van Eycks. The addition of this valuable collection to the
Pinakothek in 1827 placed it in the foremost rank as a gallery for the
study of northern art. Duriiig the reign of King Lewis I. the collection
at the Pinakothek was considerably increased, the most important addi-
tions being the Wallerstein collection, secured in lft28, ana several val-
uable works purchased at different times in Italy.

The pre-Baphaelite Italian schools are on the whole scantily re-
presented in the Munich Gallery ; probably the most important exam-
ple is the Madonna by Francesco Franeia (Room YIU., No. 1039).
The finest of the works by Raphael is undoubtedly the Madonna of
the .Tempi famüy (Cab. XIX., 1050), painted in his Florentine
period ; the contemporary Madonna of the Canigiani family (B. YIII.,
1049) has suffered greatly from cleaning, the angels at the top having
entirely vanished. There exist several replicas of the Madonna della
Tenda (Gab. XIX., 1051), at Turin and elsewhere, but the Munich
example is generally considered the best. The portrait of Bindo
Altoviti(R. VIII., 1052), which has been freely retouched, was form-
erly regarded by some authorities as a portrait of Raphael himself.
Of the five works ascribed to Correggio , none can be regarded as
thoroughly authenticated. The best example of the Venetian school
is the Christ crowned with thorns by Titian (R. IX., 1114). Jlfti-
rillo's Beggar Boys, perhaps the most popular work in the gallery,
does not require attention drawn to it. Early Flemish painting is
seen to the greatest advantage in Roger van der Weyden^s Triptych

Old Pinakothek. MUNIGH. 28. SouU, 139

(R. II., 101, 102, 103) and St. Luke (B. II., 100), Memling's Seven
Joys of Mary (Cab. III., 116), the winged altar-pieces and the
triptych by BouU (G. ni., 107-111), and the Adoration of the
Magi by Gerard David (R. II., 118). The Cologne works of the
loth and 16th centuries are chiefly attractive to the professional
eye, while on the other hand several works of the Swabian and
iSranconian schools are of general interest and high artistic im-
portance. Prominent among these Gemian masters stands Holbein
iheElder^ to whom the altar-piece with St. Sebastian(R. III., 209-211)
is now again, and rightiy, ascribed. Dürer*$ Four Apostles, or the
'Four Temperaments* (R. IIL, 247, 248), deserve and repay the closest
study, especially the magnificent St. Paul in the famous white robe,
which is uBriraUed in its plastic inodelling. The Battie of Arbela
(C. v., 290) by Albreeht Altdorfer (ca. 1480-1538), remarkable for
its almost fantastic excess of realism, the Finding of the Cross (R.III.,
267) by the rare master Barthel Beham (d. 1540), and the Portrait
(C. IT., 286) by Baldung Orien \te also worthy of notice. Of the
altar-pieces formerly attributed to Orunewald (JR. m., 281 seq.)
It is now generally allowed that No. 281 alone is by this artist,
while the others are painted in the style of Cranach.

Next to Antwerp and Vienna , Munich offers the traveller the
best opportunity of becoming acquainted with the versatility of
Bubens. Among the eighty-nine pictures in this gallery which
were formwly catalogued under his name , there are certainly nu-
merous school-pieces and many works of merely mediocre value,
but they also include several of the finest productions of this most
fertile master. The vast range of his imaginative powers may be
estimated by glancing from the stupendous Last Judgment to the
Lion Hunt, from the Battle of the Amazona to the Children with gar-
lands of fruit , from the sketches for the Medici pictures in the
Louvre to the fine Bacchanalian scenes. Rubens^s best pupil. Van
Dyek, is also well represented by several portraits (R. VII. , 844,
845). The Descent from the Cross (C. VIII., 326) is the finest
among the numerous examples of Bembrandt. The canvases of
AdHan Brouwer (C. XVI., 879, 883, 885, 893) deserve attention,
were it only for their comparative rarity ,- and the genre-pieces of
Terburg and Metm, and the humorous Subjects of Jan /fifteen are also
noteworthy. The works of the Italian painters of the 17th cent, are
generally passed by with scanty notice, but the Ascensions of Ouido
Beni and Cignani^ at least, do not merit this fate. The Mourning
over the body of Christ by N, Poussin (R. XII., 1321) is a work of
great beauty.

Entbancb Hall. Portraits of the founders , from Elector John
William (d. 1719) to King Lewis I. (d. 1868). — We then tdm to
the right into the —

Lower Bhenish and Early Netherlandish Schools (Rooms I. and
n.. Cab. I- III). — I. Room. To the right, 9-18. Sdtool of

140 Baute 28.

MUNICH.

Old Pinakothek,

Meister Stephan , Wings of a shiine from Heisterbacli with lepre-
sentations of events from the Annunciation to the Olft of Tongues
and Death of the Virgin, and figures of saints; 31-33. Master
of the Lyversberg Passion , The Apostles ; 3, 4. Stephan Lochner y
Saints; M. Meister Wilhelm of Cologne (^), St. Yeronica with
the napkin.

II. Room. To the right (S.): *5ö, 66, 67. ^faster of the Death
of the Virgin (Jan Joest of Calcar), Triptych, in the centre Death
of the Yiigin, on the wings the donors with their patron -saints,
— E. wall: *118. Flemi^ Sdiool, Adoration of the Magi; 97, 98.
Coxie^ The Virgin Mary, John the Baptist fcopies of figures in the
Ghent altar-piece by Hubert van Eyek) ; *134« Quentin Massys (?),
Pietä; 86, 87. B. de Bru/gn, Christ taking leaye of Mary, Resurreo-
tion. — N.wall: 169, 170. J,vanHemessen^ Call of Matthew, Isaao

IX.
French
School.

JSorth,

|a[2i ao{it|it|i7

xn.

Venet.

VIII.

Italian school. . School. ."SchooL

VI.
Italian

ic

|i>|h

V.

Flemish

IS I M I u

IV.
Babeiui

III.

Flemiab

7|6|»|4|s|«|l

II.

I.

Dutch I Upper

Lower
Bhenish
School.

Cologne
School.

Hall
of the

School.

Saloon. I School. , School. Qerm. poua

ISchool. ders.

I

Loffffie.

tibale.

vmb.

Keap. A
Sp. Sch.

Souths

blessing Jacob. — W, wall; •101, 102, 103. Bogiervander Weyden
the Elder, Triptych, in the centre Adoration of the Magi, on the
wings Annunciation and Presentation.

^No picture of the master is more imbued with religious feeling ;
none is more happily arranged and carried ouf — *The Early Fltmiih
Paintwi* by Crows and Cavtdeasslle.

AboTe, 162, 163, 164. Master of the Lyversherg Passion, Ad-
oration of the Magi; *100. Bogier van der Weyden, St. Luke paint-
ing a portrait of the Virgin ; above, 139. Marinas van BoymerS"
wale. Room of a lawyer; 136. School of Quentin Massys, The two
tax-gatherers. —- S. wall : »48, 49, 50. The so-called Master of the
Boisserie St, Bartholomew or of the Altar of the Holy Cross (in the
Cologne Museum), Triptych: in the centre SS. Bartholomew, Agnes,
and Cecilia; on the wings SS. Christina, James, John, and Margaret.

Cabinbt I. To the right (W.) : 28. Master of the Lyversherg
Passion , Assumption ; 6. School of Meister Stephan, Madonna in a
bower of pinks ; 27. Master of the Lyversherg Passion^ Visitation.
— S. wall: 29. Cologne Master, Coronation of the Virgin; Master
of the Lyversherg Passion^ 23. Natirity of the Virgin, 22. Meeting

Old PinakothOe. MUNICH. 28, Route. 141

of JoacMm and Anna, 34. Gruciflxion* ' — £. yrall : Master of the
Ltfveraberg Pasaioriy 24. Purification in the Temple, .26. Annunciä«
tion, 2Ö. Marriage of the Virgin ; 2. School of Meister Wilh^hn.Yit--
gin enthroned.

Gabinbt n. To the left (E.): FUmish School,,!^, St. George,
125. Madonna; 89. 80-88. Bore/». fruyn, .Saints; 140. Patinir^, Ora-
cifixlon ; 153. J* Mastaert^ Presentation in the Temple; 161. FUm^
ish Master, Nativity; 1Ö2. Mostaerty Adoration of the Magi. —
S. wall : 58. Master of the Death of the Virgin, Crucifixion ; 143.
Patinir (?), St. Rochns; 123. Netherlands School, Madonna. — ^
W. wall : Portraits, chiefly by unknown masters ; 68-72. B. Bruyn,
Altar-piece ; 133* Quentin Massys^ Portrait of Jehan Carandolet.

CABiKBTin. To the left (E.): iiO,iii. Dierick Bouts, Two
wings belonging to the Last Supper In the church of St. Peter at
Louvain : Abraham and Melchisedech and Gathering manna ; *107,
108, 109. Dieriek Bouts, Triptych, in the centre Adoration of the
Magi, at the sides SS. John the Baptist and Christopher; 115.
Memling, St. John the Baptist; 1Ö5. Oossaert, Madonna. — S« wall :
151. J. Mostaert (?), Repose on the Flight into Egypt ; ficrri met de
Bles, 146. Adoration of the Magi, 147. Triptych; Lucas van Leyden,
•148. Virgin with Mary Magdalene and St. John, *149. Annun-
ciation. — W. wall: 117. Oerard 2)(»vid,; Madonna with St. Catha-
rine and other saints ; *114. Hugo van der Goes, Annunciation.

♦♦116. Memling, The seven Joys of Mary (1480).

*We feel at once, in looking at this picture, the absence of linear per-
spective and atmosphere; yet the episodes are so complete in themselves,
and so cleverly arranged and executed, that they produce a deep im-
pression; and the colours are so bright, so clear, and so admirably con-
trasted, that we necessarily yield to a grateful sense of re8t\ — C. d: C,

145. Herri met de Bles, Annunciation.

Vjpper German (Franconian and Swahidn) Schools (R. III. ; Cab.
IV. and v.). — lU. Room. To the left (E.): ^240, ^241, ♦242.
Dürer, The Paumgartner altar-piece, a Triptych, in the centre the
Nativity, on each side the Founders in armour; above, 197, 198,
199, 200. Holbein the Elder j Crown of Thorns, Ecce Homo, Bearing
of the Cross, Resurrection. -— S. wall: M. Schaffner, 214. Annun-
ciation, 215. Presentation in the Temple; 231. M, Wohlgemut,
Crucifixion ; above, 250. Style of Hans von Kulmbach , Adoration
of the Magi; M. Schaffner, 216. Pouring out of the Holy Ghost,
217. Death of the Virgin; 229. M, Wohlgemut, Resurrection;
above, 259. Style of H. v, Kulmbach, Resurrection of Christ and
Coronation of the Virgin. — W. wall : 209, ^210, ^211. H. Holbein
the Elder, Triptych: centre, Martyrdom of St. Sebastian; at the sides,
SS. Barbara and Elizabeth.

This work may be styled the artisfs master-piece, and far transcends
any of his previous efTorts. Without excessive ov violent motion, the
picture is full of dramatic power. The head of the saint is well in-
dividualised and expressive of a high degree of patient suffering, while
the nude body shows careful observation of nature. Sefe ^Holbein und »eine
Zeii\ by Pr»je9»or Affred^ WcUmann, .

142 BofUeSS, MUNICH. Old Pineäcolhek.

Above, 226. H, Burgkmaify Esther before AbasueriiB ; Holbein
the Elder, 201. Pnriflcation in the Temple, 204. NaÜvity, 202. An-
nunciation, 203. Yifiltation ; above the door, 278. Lucas CrooMch
the Elder, The Woman taken in adultery (afterwards enlarged one-
half); 254, 255. H. v(m Kulmbaeh, Joseph and Zaehsrias; *238.
Dürer, PietiL; above, 267. Barthel Bekam, Invention of the Gross;
206. 206, 207, 208. Works by Holbein the Elder, ^ N. wall: Dürer,
••247. SS. Peter and John, •*'248. 8S, Paul and Mark (completed
in 1526).

The four Apostles are at the same time prototypes of the four *Gom-

Slexion0\ St. John representing the melancholic, St. Peter the phlepnatic,
t. Paul the choleric, and St. Hark the sanguine temperament. The panel
with SS. Paul and Hark is the finer of the two. St. Paul is one of the
most majestic figures ever conceived by tiie master, and appears as if
just on the noint of battling for his faith with word or blow. A great
deal more labour in the details has been bestowed upon St. Paul than
upon the other figures, and it is also the best- preserved. The white
mantle is a marvel of plastic painting, and is admirably shaded. — */Hlr«r\
by Pre/, Moris Thausin;^,

M, Wohlgemut, 233. Cruciflxion, 234. (above the door] Mar-
riage of St. Catharine; 281-285. Grunewald, Portions of an
altar-piece with figures of saints above life-size ; 188, 189. B. Strigel,
Wings of an altar-piece with portraits of the Behlingen family,
patricians of Augsburg. — E. wall: 271. L. CratMch the Elder,
DeMh of Luoretia; ^244. Dürer, Same subject; 222. BurgUmair^
St. John; above, 193-196. Works by Holbein the Elder.

Oabinbt IV. To the left (E.): 223, 234. School ofRatisbon,
William lY., duke of Bavaria, and his consort Jacobaea ; ^239. Dürer,
Portrait of himself (probably painted in 1504-5; the date 1500 is
a forgery); 178, 179. Master of the 8t. Quirinus, 8S. Cyprian and
Cornelius ; Dürer, 246. Simeon and Lazarus , 245. Joachim and
Joseph; 270. L, Cranaeh the Elder, Virgin. — S. wall: ^219. Af.
Schaffner (f), Portrait of Appian the mathematician ; H, Burghmair,
•220. Portrait of Schongauer , 226. St. John the Baptist , 227. St.
John the Evangelist; 280. L. Cranaeh, Crucifixion; •212. Holbein
the Younger, Portrait of D. Bom. — W. wall: 292. Alt-
dor fer(f),'Piet^\ ^243. Dürer, Portrait of his teacher Wohlgemut;
264. Schaufelein, Christ on the Mt. of Olives ; ^289. Altdorfer
The chaste Susanna ; •249. Dürer, Portrait of Jacob Fugger ; 288.
Altdorfer, St. George and the Dragon; ♦I 74. Martin Schon, Nativity,
•237. Dürer, Portrait of a young man; 277. Cranaeh, Adam and
Eve ; 291. AUdorfer, Virgin .; 177. Zeithlom, St. Bridget. — N. wall :
268. B, Beham, King Louis of Hungary ; H. Baldung Orien, 286.
Margrave Philip of Baden, 287. Margrave Christopher of Baden.

Cabinet V. To the left (E.) : 295. JET. Feselen, Siege of Alesia
(in Burgundy) by Cesar; •236. Dwrer, Portrait of Oswald KreU
(1499); Qfli, Burgkmair, SS. Liberlus and Eustace; 269. Barta
Beham, Death of Marcus Curtius ; 253. Early Copy after Dürer,
Martyrdom of the ten thousand Christians. -* S. wall : ti94. Feselen^

Old Pinakothek. MUNICH. 28. RouU. 143

ClcBlia before Porsenna. — W. wall: 228. Prew^ Scipio winning
the battle of Zama ; 290. Altdorfer, Victory of Alexander the Great
at Arbela; 213. H. Holbein the Younger , Portrait of Sir Bryan
Tuke; 191. B. Strigel, Emp. Maximilian I.

DuAch School (R. IV. ; Cab. VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI.). --
IV. Room. To the left (E.): 640, 641. Weenix, Still-life; 317.
Barih. van der Heist (?), Admiral van Tromp ; 356. Aart van 0 elder.
Portrait of a man. — S. wall: 315, 316, 318(?). B. van der Heist,
Portraits; 575. Jan Wynants, Landscape by morning-light; *359.
Frans HaU(^% Family portraits; 645. Weenix, Birds; 319, 320.
Havesteyn, Portraits; .313. Mierevelt, Portrait; *5d0. Wynants,
Landscape by eyening-light ; 307. Bloemaert, Raising of Lazarus ;
322. J)e Vries, Portrait. — W. waU: ♦338, *^3^. Bol, The painter
Govert Flinck and his wife ; 554. J. van der Meer of Haarlem, Forest-
scene; 343. Q, Ffincfc, Soldiers gaming; 310. Honthorst, St. Peter
liberated from prison; 646. Weenix^BoM-hjini; B€mbrandt,*d23(y).
Portrait of himself, 325.. Portrait of a man in Turkish costume;
335, 336. Lievensz, Portraits; 487. A, van de Velde, Landscape
with cattle by evening-light. — ; N. wall : 647. if. d'Hondeeoeter,
Cook-flght; 4^i, A. van der Werff, Mary Magdalene; 332. JKem-
brandt, Abraham's sacrifice; 594. N. Berehem, Landscape with
ruins; 324. Rembrandt, Holy Family; 644. Weenix, Game; ♦588.
J. Both, Autumnal scene; 648. Hondecoeter, Cock-fight; 609. Beer^
Straten, Storm at sea. -r- E. wall: 566. Boerdingen, Norwegian land-
scape; 390. M. Sweeris, Smokers; 547. J. van Buysdael, Landscape
with waterfall; 592. Berehem, Laban and Jacob.

Caqikbt VI. To the. left (E.): A, Cuyp, 475. Landscape, 474.
Officer with a. grey horse; 569. A, van Everdingen (?), Mountain
scene. — S, wall: 491. A. van. de Velde, Cattle; 471. P. Potter,
Cows and goats; 490. A, van de Velde, Shepherd at a well. —
W. wall: 534. J. Cuyp (?), Town on a river; ^472. Paul PotUr,
Cattle; Isaaevan Ostade,S7S. Winter - scene, 381. Village-fair;
J.vanQoyen, 535. Landscape, 537. Town on a river; 541, 540. 8.
van Ruysdael, Canal-^scenes ; 314. Mierevelt, Portrait.

CabhcbtVIL To the left (E.): 551. J. ran Ätiy«da«J, Water-
fall; ^424 Metsu, Twelfth Night. — S. wall: 597. Berehem,
Landscape. -— W. wall: ♦648. J. van Ruysdael, Marshy forest;
♦478. K, du Jardin, The sick goat ; ^544. J. t^an Ruysdael, Lands-
cape; 610. Bixkhuisen, Antwerp harbour.

Cabinet VIII. To the left (E.): Rembrandt, ^331. Adoration
of the Shepherds, ♦326. Descent from the Cross, ♦327. Crucifixion.
348. 0, van den Eeekhout, Jesus teaching in the Temple. — S. wall :
♦583, 584. J. Both, Landscapes with Mercury and Juno; 623. J. de
Heem, Fruit; 401. Dou, Old woman cutting bread ; ♦369. A. van
Ostade, Peasants drinking and smoking. — W. wall : Rembrandt,
♦328. Ascension, ♦329. Resurrection, ♦330. Entombment,

144 BÖÜU28. MUNICH. Old Pinakothek,

' This remarkable serieg of scenea from the hiatory of Ghriat (including
No8. 331.326 and 327, see above) was executed in 1633-39 for Prince Frederick
Henry, Stadtholder of the Netherlands. The finest of the series is the En-
tombment, which is painted with a broad and vigorous touch, and is of
ample, dry, and granulated impasto. The colouring in general is sombre,
and in the background and the figures in the foreground there are shades
of brown which recall the Spanish colourists. A powerful effect is pro-
duced .by the group on which the high light falls, where the colours have
been laid on with great freedom, — ^-JUmbrandt ; »a Vie << $e* '(Euvr€t*\ by
C Vosmaer.

585. Jan and Andrew Both^ Card-players ; 643. 8. van RuyS"
dael, Landscape.

CabinbT IX. To the left (£.) : 431. G. Sehalekm, The ten yit^
giUB ; d72. OstadCy Merry peasants ; *Ö4Ö. J. 'jan Buyadael^ Forest-
scene; 577. Wynantt, Landscape; *409. F, van Mieris the BZder,
Eating oysters; 371. A, Oatade^ Boors brawling; 392. J, Steen^
Physician feeling the pulse of a patient ; O. Dou, 403. Old woman
eating, 396. Girl with a light at a window, 402. Oldwom&n at a
window ; 370. A^Oatade, Merrypeasants ; 546. J. van Ruysdael, Forest
scene. — S. wall : Isaac van Ostade, 376. Interior of a cottage, 377.
Winter -scene; 353. 8.deKoninek, Jesns in the Temple; 510.
P. Wowwerman^ Grey horse. — W. wall : 419. F, van Mieris, Tram-
peter ; • 649. Hondeeoetetj Ponltry-yard ; *388. Terburg, Trumpeter
bearing a letter to a yonng lady (replicas at Dresden, Berlin, the
Hague, and Amsterdam); 425. Metau^ Cook; 539. J. Bu^sdael,
Landscape ; Ö70. M, Hobhema, Landscape ; Don, 398. Woman sell-
ing herrings, ♦397. Portrait of himself; ♦389. Terhurg, Boy with a
dog. — N. wall: O, Schalehen, 434. Blowing out a candle, 433.
Penitent Magdalene.

Cabinbt X. To the left (J^.) : ♦423. F, van Mitritj Lady at her
mirror; 407. O, Doti, Lady at. her toilette; 391. J. Steen, Card-*
players .quarrelling ; Mieru , ♦415. Lady playing the lute , .♦417.
Lady in a swoon, ♦414. Lady with a panot; 614. «7. van der Heyden,
Street-scene; Q, Dou, 393. Old painter (Jürgen Ovens, pupil of
Rembrandt) at. an easel, 399. Hermit praying. — S. wall : 0, Dou,
395. Old market-woman, 408, 400. Praying hermits ; ♦ÖÖO. J. Buya-
dael , Waterfall ; ^361. De Keyaer, Man and wife ; 628. A. van Bayeren,
Still-Ufe; 374. Oatade, Man drinking. — W. wall: 404. 0, Dou,
Old woman combing a boy's hair ; 553. /• van der Meer van Haar-
lem, Margin of a forest; 427. Slingeland, Cradle; O, Dou, ♦394.
Quack, 405. Girl emptying a can ; Mieria, ♦420. Officer asleep, 422.
Boor cutting tobacco; 549. J. van Buyadael, Village-scene during
a thaw.

CabinbtXI. To the left (E.): Ph, Wouwerman, 503. Watering
horses, 501. Stable; 488. A, van de Velde, Ferry; 652. J, van
Huyaum, Still -life; ♦496. Ph, Wouwerman , Deer -hunt; ♦582.
Wynanta, Landscape; ♦653. Huyaum, Flowers; Ph, Wowwerman,
499. Leaving the stable, 513. Draught of fished. — S. wall: 506.
Ph. Wouwerman, Battle ofNördlingen; 613. Willem van de Velde^
Calm sea; 436. Eglon tian der Neer, Lady in a faint; 567. Ever-

■■r

Old Pinakothek. MUNICH. 28, RouU. 1 45

dingen, Storm at sea ; 507. Ph. Wouwerman , Plundering of a vil-
lage. — W. wall : 468. F, van Mierie the Younger, Fislimonger ; 605,
Ph. Wouwermany Scene on the ice; •651. Huysum, Frnit; *426.
Pieter de Hooch , Interior with woman reading ; Ph. Wouwermany
500. Waggoners at a ferry, 508. Sportsmen resting, 502^ Watering
horses ; 406. Dott, Woman baking cakes.

Flemish School (RR. V., VI., VII.; Cab. XII.-XVI.). — V.
Room. To the left (E.) : *813. Jordaens, The satyr and the peasant.
— S. wall: 663. Neuchätel, Neudörfer, the mathematician, and his
son; 934. C.E.Biset, Pictnre-gallery; 869. O.de Grayer , Madonna
enthroned ; 664, 665. Neuchätel, Portraits ; 944. Millet, Landscape ;
961. De Vo9, Bear-hnnt. — W. wall : Snydera, 957. Two yonng lions
pnrsnlng a roe-deer, 956. Lioness killing a wild-boar. — If. wall :
812. De Vo8, Family of Ulrich von Hntten; ♦814. Jordaena, Twelfth
Night; 925. Teniers the Younger, Fair in front of the church of S.
Maria dell' Impmneta in Florence, a large picture containing 1138
figures, much retouched ; *955. Snyder», Still-life. — E. wall : 729.
Rubem and J. Brueghel, Madonna in a garland of flowers; 661. A,
Mor{i), Portrait; 954. (above the door) Snyders, Poultry-dealer.

VI. Room, with the adjoining Cabinet XII. (see p. 146), con-
tains exclusively works of Rubens or at least works from his stu-
dio. To the left (E.): »734. Lion-hunt; 766. Mars crowned by
Victory. — S. waU: ♦737. Perdition of lost souls; 724. Seneca;
♦752. Meleagerand Atalante; 751. Jacob and Esau ; ^782. Portraits
of Rubens and his first wife, Isabella Brant ; 726. Martyrdom of
St. Lawrence ; ♦735. The Last Judgment, large size ; ♦794. Portrait of
his second wife, Helena Fourment; 760. SS. Peter and Paul; ^757.
Massacre of the Innocents ; ^784. Earl and Countess of Arundel ;
♦728. Seven children with festoons of fruit; ♦754. Silenus intoxi-
cated ; 803. Latona in the marsh transforming the peasants into
frogs. — W. wall : 787. Philip IV. of Spain ; ♦798. Rubens and
Helena Fourment in a pleasure-garden ; ♦799. Portrait of a scholar ;
741. The Gift of Tongues ; 749. Trinity ; ♦SOO. Portrait of Dr. van
Thulden; 744. Samson betrayed by DelUah; 788. Elizabeth, wife
of Philip IV. of Spain ; 740. Adoration of the Shepherds. — N. wall :
♦797. Helena Fourment and her son ; 801 . Sigismund III. of Po-
land; 731. Diana; ♦795. Portrait of Helena Fourment; 730. Nymphs
surprised by satyrs ; 739. The woman of the Apocalypse ; ♦746. Christ
and Mary Magdalene; 802. Constance of Poland; ♦759. Pastoral
scene; 747. Christ calling to account ; ♦791. Franciscan; 748. Cru-
cifixion; ^790. Cardinal Don Ferdinand of Spain; 736. Fall of the
Angels ; ^727. Rape of the daughters of Leucippus by the Dioscuri;
725. Drunkenness and Voluptuousness overcome by Virtue and
Temperance. — E. wall: 755. Minerva and Mars; 753. The Sabine
women ; 289. Equestrian portrait of the Infant Don Ferdinand.

VII. Room. To the left (E.): A. van Dyck, 848. The organist
Liberti of Antwerp, 827. Rest on the Flight into Egypt, 835. The

Baedbkbb^b S. Germany. 6th Edit. 10

146 BouU2a. MUNICH. Old Pinakothdc.

Marchese MirabelU; 939. J. d'Arthois, Landscape. — S. wall: Van
Dycky 828. St. Mary and St. Jokn witk the body of Christ, 861. (?)
Jan Brueghel, the painter, 834. Petel, the sculptor, 823. Martyr-
dom of St. Sebastian. 781. Swyders, Boar-hunt, the figures by Ru-
bens, *832. A . van Dydf and P. BnaytrSy Henry I Y . of France defeating
the Catholic League. A. vanVyek, 867. Christ and the man with
the palsy, *822. Susanna at the bath, *833. Portrait of himself (?),
866. Portrait of a man, 866. Portrait of a lady. *9Ö8. Sngders,^ Boar-
hunt. — W. waU: 868. Q. ÄhcMer (copy after Van Dyck), Queen
Henrietta Maria of England; A, van Dydt, *846. The painter Jan
de Wael and Ms wife, *849. Portrait of Mary Ruthven, YanDyck's
wife; 964. J. Fyt, Bear-hunt. Van Dyek, 847. Malery the en-
graver^ *830. Pietl^, 836. Portrait of the Marchese Spinola (half*
figure, unfinished). •965. J. Fyt, Boar-hunt. — N. wall : A, van
Dyck, 842. Duchess of Croy , *843. Portrait, *84i. Duke of Croy.
963. J. Fytf Boe pursued by hounds ; 824. VanDydc, St Sebastian ;
968. P. Bod, Dog watching dead game. Van Dyek , «839, *840.
Burgomaster of Antwerp and his wife , *837. Duke Wolfgang Wil-
helm of the Palatinate. *966. J. Fyt, Still-life. — E. wall : A, van
Dyek, *844, *845. The sculptor CoUyns de Note and his wife , *826.
Madonna and Child with John the Baptist. 940. ArthoU, Landscape ;
960. CoMtiau, Landscape.

Cabh^bt XU. Contains exclnsively pictures by Rubens (comp.
R. YI., p. 146). To the left (£.): 808. Decius doTOtes himself to
death; *762. St. Christopher.

*738. The Last Judgment, small size.

*Very happily and with a proper feeling of his own powers, Eabens
has here given only a corner in the hackground to the Blessed, whose
heavenly calm and ethereal existence he was incapable of expressing ; and
he has devoted the whole of the remaining space to the fall of the
Damned , his true sphere. . . . The whole produces an admirable effect
by the broad manner in which the light is managed. The colouring is
powerful, but not extravagant; the treatment particularly easy and clever\
— ^Hfe of Ruben**, by Prof. Waagtn.

768. Pietä. — - S. wall: *743. Satyrs; 745. The chaste Susanna;
♦733. Conversion of Paul; 796. Helena Fourment; 783. Rubens's
brother; 685. Portrait; *761. Landscape, with rainbow; 804. Re^
surrection of the righteous ; 760. Browsing cattle; *732. Destruction
of the army of Sennacherib ; 805. Job. — W. waU: 793. Portrait
of a girl.

*742. Battle of the Amazons at the bridge of Thermodon.

*The admirable effect of the whole is increased by a decided and
masterly arrangement of the light ; the colouring is forcible without being
overcharged, and the execution of the principal parts must be ciüled
car^l for Bnbens. In the whole range of modem art there exists no
other historical battle-piece worthy of being compared with Baphaers
Battle of Constantine; and in fact it has the advantage over the latter in
the well-planned concentration of interest, and in the contrast afforded
by the nuile and female figures, which is admirably employed.'' — IToo^ei».

792. Old woman ; 780. Mourning for Decius (sketch); 807. Ma-
rauding soldiers. — N. wall ; 809. St. George ; 763. Plague-stricken

Old Pinakotheh, MUNICH. 28. Route. 147

man invoking aid ftom St. Francis of Paula; 811. Forest scene.
Also, eighteen ""Sketches of events in the life of Maria de' Medici,
being the original designs for the oil-paintings in the Louvre.

GabinbtXIII. To the left (E.); Van J>yck (sketches), 856.
General Tilly, 861. Maria de' Medici, 859. Palamedesz, the painter,
860. Van Uden, the painter, 857. John, Count of Nassau. 708, 709.
H. van Bolen and J, Brueghelf Spring, summer. — S. wall: 921.
D. Tenier$ the Younger J Apes carousing; 831. Van Dyck^ PietJt;
719. Vinkboona, Bearing of the Cross; 922. Tenter«, Monkeys. —
W. wall : A, van Dyek, 854. Gustavus Adolphus , 865. Wallenstein,
853. Margaret of Lorraine , 862. Prince Thomas of Carignan , 858.
Caesar Alexander Scaglla. Van Baten and Brueghel, 710, 711.
Autumn and winter, 716. Nymphs hunting.

Cabinet XIV. To the left (E.) : 682, 697. J, Brueghel the Elder,
Landscapes; *909. Tenier$ the Fottfiöfcr, Violin-player; 675. frii,
Landscape. — S. wall: 713, 712. Balen and Brueghel y Nixies fis-
hing, Diana's nymphs; 705. Brueghel and Bubena, Flora. — W.
wall: 930. Teniers, Rustic scene; ol9. C, Schut, Forge of Vulcan;
912. Teniers, Village-concert; J. Brueghel, 704. Madonna with a
garland of flowers, 683. Landscape; 715. Van Balen and Brueghel,
Feast of the Gods.

Cabinet XV. To the left (E.): Tenien, 902, 903. Tavern-
scenes, 929, 926. The old picture-gallery at Brussels; 894. A, Brou-
voer, Peasants singing. — "W. wall : Teniera, 928, 927. Continua-
tion of Nos. 929 and 926; 916. Municipal guard -room; *880.
Brouwer, Village surgeon; Teniera, 911. Peasant couple, 905. Pea-
sant wedding; 960. Snydera, Still-life.

Cabinet XVI. To the left (E.): ♦879. Brouwer, Card-players
quarrelling; *907. Teniera, Boors drinking; 887, 890, 895, 896.
Brouwer, Tavern - scenes ; ♦945. Millet, Coast-scene. — S. wall:
Brouwer, 882, 884, 891, 892. Scenes of peasant-life, ♦885. Vil-
lage-surgeon. — W. wall: 904. Teniera^ Village - tavern ; ♦893.
Brouwer, Soldiers gaming ; 826. A. van JDyck, Crucifixion; ^910.
Teniera, Cottage -interior; 946. Millet, Italian landscape; 888.
Brouwer, Card-players,

JtaUan School (UK VDI-X; Cab. XVH-XX). — VIH. Room.
To the left (E.): ^1033. Cima da Conegliano, Madonna with Mary
Magdalene and St. Jerome; 1047. Q, Pedrini, Madonna; ♦lOSo.
Lor, Lotto, Marriage of St. Catharine ; 1008. Filippino Lippi, Inter-
cession of Christ and the Virgin; 1062, 1061, Granacci, St. Apol-
lonia and the Magdalene. — S. wall: ♦lOll, 1012, 1013. Dom,
Ohirlandajo, Madonna with SS. Catharine and Lawrence; 1057.
Mariotto Albertinelli, Annunciation; ♦lOlO. 8, BoUiceUi, Piet^;
1080. Oarofalo, PietSt; 1027. Lombard School, St Ambrose; 1026.
Marco Palmezzano, Madonna ; 1028. Lombard School, St, Louis of
Napled. — W. wall: 1077. Rid, Ohirlandajo, Madonna with the
Holy Child and John the Baptist ; 1055. After Raphael, Madonna del

10 ♦

148 Route 28. MUNICH. Old Pinakothek.

Cardellino; 1072. D. Puligo, Madonna; 1086. Rocco MarcofüQ),
St. Nicolas ; 1017. Lor. di Credi, Holy FamUy ; 1092. G. Vasari,
Holy Family; 1076. D. Beeeafitmi, Madonna, with the donor and
saints; 1042. Dutch copyist of Leonardo da Vinci, Madonna; 1036.
Perugino, Madonna; 1066. A. del8arto, Holy Family; 1096. Cor^
reggio (?), Madonna; 1096. Correggio, Madonna with SS. Ildefons
and Jerome; 1075. Breseianino , Holy Family. — N. wall: ♦1056.
After Raphael, Holy Family; »1034. Perugino, The Virgin Mary
appearing to St. Bernard.

*1039. Fr. Franeia^ Madonna in a bower of roses.

This panel 'affords a rare example of dignity in Francia^s works *« it
is also distinguished by a more tender blending and harmony of silvery
tone than any we have hitherto met with'. — *^ History of Painting in
North Italy" yhj Crowe and Cavaleaselle.

♦1052. Raphael, Portrait of Bindo Altoviti (retouched); 1045.
B. Luini (?), St. Catharine; ^1049. Raphael, Holy Family of the
Canigiani family, obtained by the Palatine Elector Johann Wilhelm
as a dowry with the Princess A. M. Ludovica de' Medici (painted
in the last years of RaphaeVs stay in Florence). 1087. 8eb. del
Piombo, Portrait of a priest; 1073. Sodoma, Madonna; 1060. In-
nocenzo da Imola, Virgin and Child appearing to St. Petronius and
other saints; *1035. Perugino, Madonna adoring the Child; 1009.
Filippino Lippi, Piet)k; 1093. Netherlandish Master in the Roman
School, John the Baptist. — E. wall: 1086. Oirolamo da 8. Croce,
The relatives of Christ; 1006. Fra Filippo Lippi, Madonna; 1040.
Schoot of F. Francia, Madonna with two angels; 1005. Fra Filippo
Mppi, Annunciation; 1031. M. Basaiti, Madonna; 987. 988. Spi-
nello Aretino, Two altar-pieces with five saints on each.
. IX. Room. To the left(E.): •1127. Tintoretto {f), Vesalius, the
anatomist ; 1122. Copy of Bordone, Girl ; »1112. Titian, Charles V. ;
Paolo Veronese, 1143. Caritas Romana, 1144. Strength and Tempe-
rance; 1147. J. Bassano, Entombment. — S. wall: Paolo Vero-
nese, 1134. Cupid with two tiger -hounds, 1135. Portrait, 1139.
The Centurion of Capernaum; 1117. F. Veeellio, Madonna and
'saints; 1116. Titian, Venus initiating a girl in the service of Bac-
chus (ascribed by Mr. Crowe to a painter of a later period); 1128.
Tintoretto, The artist introducing his son to the Doge; 1154. Palma
Oiovane, St. John with the body of Christ. — W. wall : 1152. Le-
andro Bassano , Christ in the house of Lazarus; *1113. Titian,
Madonna ; 1149. J. Bassano, Moses smiting the rock ; 1126. Pulxone,
Portrait ; *1109. Titian, Madonna with the child Jesus , and John

the Baptist (painted between 1520 and 1525).

*The head and foot of St. John, and the head of the Virgin are damaged
by abrasion and retouching ; yet the picture is still a lovely one of Titian,
and the landscape to the right, with blue mountains and nearer ranges
dotted w^th church and campanile, is beautifully painted'. — ^TiHan", by
Crowe and Cavaleaselle,

1124. Moroni, Portrait; 1125. Titian (?), Venetian noble.
*1108. Palma Veechio, Mary with St. Rochus and Magdalene.

Old Pinakothek. MUNICH. 28. Route. 149

*The flesh tints are flayed and there is some retouching in this little
picture, but the figures and action are still attractive by their grace ; and
the colours almost equal those of Titian in richness and power*. —

C A C

N. waU: *1123. Moretto, Priest; 1275. School of the Carracei,
Genre scene ; School of Tintoretto, 1132. Portrait of Grimani, Ve-
netian admiral, 1129. Annunciation; 1101. Titian, Vanity of earthly
things; 1274. Botari, Genre scene; 1239. B. Stroxzi, The Tribute-
Money; 1111. Titian, Portrait of a man; 1156. Palma Oiovane^
Adoration of the Shepherds.

*1114. Titian, Christ crowned with thorns (of his latest period).

*It is impossible to conceive better arrangement, greater harmony of
lines, or more boldness of movement. Truth in the reproduction of na-
ture in momentary action is combined with fine contrasts of light and
shade, and an inimitable richness of tone, in pigment kneaded, grained,
and varied in surface beyond anything that we know of this time\ —•

C <F C

1136. P. Veronese, The Centurion of Capernaum ; 1121. Paris
Bordone f?), Portraits ; 1155. Palma Oiovane , Entombment. —
E. wall: 1120. P. Bordone, Portrait; 1140. P. Veroruse, Cleopatra;
1151. L. Bassano, Madonna; P. Veronese, 1137. Madonna, 1141.
Justice and Prudence, 1142. Faith and Devotion.

♦1107. Palma Veechio, Portrait of himself.

Messrs. Crowe and Cavalcaselle describe this work as undoubtedly a
^noble portrait by Palma Veechio', probably of the painter himself.
^Whoever he may be, the man is of strong and energetic mould; the
glance of his eye is so rapid, open , and expressive as to convey the best
impression of nature''s instant action ; there is a breadth of modelling and
a variety of toning beyond measure telling and truthful ; and the play of
the features is admirable*.

1271. Tiepolo, Adoration of the Magi.

X. Room. To the left (E.): 1174. OuidoReni, St. Jerome; 1176.
Domeniehino, Susanna at the bath; 1241. Vacearo, The Holy Child
and John the Baptist; •1211. Pfocaccin/, Holy Family; 1215. Ca-
valiere d'Arpino, Madonna. — S. wall: 1194. Canlassi, Mary Mag-
dalene home to Heaven by angels; 1209. Lod. Carraeci, St. Francis;
1187. School of Albani, Venus and Mars; 1171. G. Rent, Apollo
flaying Marsyas. — W. wall: 1259. Oi^nam, Assumption. — N.
wall : 1212. Proeaeeini, Holy Family ; *1054. Copy after Raphael,
St. Cecilia (the original is at Bologna); 1105. Baroecio, St. Mary
of Egypt receiving the Eucharist; 1197. A. Turchi, Hercules and
Omphale; •1170. Q. Reni, Assumption ; 1165. Lod. Carraeci, Angel
appearing to St. Francis ; 1226. C. Dolci, St. Mary Magdalene. —
£. wall: 1164. Lod. Carraeci, Entombment; 1181. Ouercino (?),
Crown of Thorns : 1185. Tiarmi, Rinaldo in the enchanted forest
ffrom Tasso] ; 1104. Baroecio, Christ appearing to Mary Magdalene ;
1183. Copy after Ouercino, The chaste Susanna.

Cabinet XVII. To the left (E.): 1030. Ö. BcWini, Portrait ;
G'iotto, 983. Last supper, 981. Crucifixion, 982. Christ in Hades ;
978. Early Florentine Painter (contemporary of Cimabue), Ma-
donna. — S. wall: 1022. Frathcesco di Giorgio, St. Anthony of

150 Route 28. MUNICH. Old Pinakothek.

Padua; 999. Florentine School, St. Francis; 1007. Fra Filippo
Lippi, Annunciation; 993, 994. School of Fra Angelica daFiesole,
Annunciation. — W. wall : 986. Lippo Memmi (?), Assumption ;
Fra Angelieo, *990, 989, 991. Legend of SS. Cosmas and Damian,
992. Dead body of Christ; 1000. Early Florentine Painter (about
1400), St. Jerome; 1023. School of Ferrara, Madonna and saints.

Cabinet XVIII. To the left (E.) : 996. Fra Angelieo, Head of
a monk (in fresco) ; 1053. Raphael . Head of St. John on a tile
(youthful effort in fresco?). — S. wall: 1081. Oarofalo, Madonna
with St. Michael and John the Baptist; 1041. In the manner of
Leonardo da Vir^i, Madonna. — W. wall : 1032. JIf . Basaiti, Pieti ;
1065. F, Oranacei,, Virgin adoring the Holy Child.

Cabinet XIX. To the left (E.): 1078. Ascribed to Raphael^
Portrait of a young man ; M242. Salvator Rosa, Soldiers drinking ;
1059. Qirol. del Pacehia, St. Bemardine ; 1223. Saasoferrato, Ma-
donna.

**iObO, Raphael , Madonna di Tempi, so named from the Casa
Tempi at Florence , where it was purchased by King Lewis I. in

1829.

Both in tone and execution this beautiful work is closely allied to
the celebrated Madonna of the Hoase of Orleans. The colours are laid on
thinly, with a somewhat fuller impaato in the whitish light. It ia a true
touch of nature which makes the mother accompany the close embrace
with a look of tender affection , while the child receives the caress more
mechanically and gazes straight out of the picture. — ^Rafael und
Michelangelo', by Prof. AnUm Springer.

1058. Pacchia, Madonna; 1186. Alhani, Venus and Adonis.

— S.wall: 1225. Carlo Doici, Holy Child ; 1188. Cawedonc, Mourn-
ing angel; 1037, 1038. Perugino(f), Baptism and Resurrection of
Christ (youthful works); •1094. Correggio, Faun playing the Hute ;
1074. Ascribed to Sodoma, Archangel Michael. — W. wall: 1184.
B. Gennari, Salvator Mundi. *iObi. Raphael, Madonna della Tenda,
BO named from the green curtain (purchased in England by King
Lewis I. in 1814 ; the composition recalls the Madonna della Sedia
in the Pitti Gallery at Florence). 1227. C. Dolci, Mary Magdalene.

— N. wall : 1224. C. Void, Madonna.

Cabinet XX. To the left(E.): A. CanaU, 1268. The Plazzetta,
1270, Vegetable-matket at Venice ; 1245. S. Rosa (?), Rocky land-
scape; Paolo Veror^ese, 1133. Jupiter and Antiope, 1145. Adoration
of the Magi. — S. wall: 1168. Ann. Carracci, PietÄ; 1157. Palma
Oiovane, Crown of Thorns; 1192. Lanfranco, Christ on the Mt. of
Olives; 1101. Schidone, Mary Magdalene; 1200. Cigoli, St. Francis.

— W. wall : 1267. Bellotto (Canaletto), Canal Grande at Venice ;
1148. Jac. Bassano, St. Jerome; 1269. Canale, Scene in Venice ;
1233. Maratta (?), Portrait of a cardinal.

Spanish Masters (R. XL; Cab. XXI). — XL Room. To the left
(N.): 1291. Zurbaran, St. Francis of Assisi; 1254. L. Giordano.
Portrait; *1308. Murillo, Old woman cleansing a boy's head; 1253.
L. Giordano, Portrait. — E. wall: 1309. Coello, St. Peter of Alcan-

Old Pkidkothek. MUNICH. 28, Route, 151

taia ^Talking on the sea; 1280. Btberaj Body of St. Andrew removed
from the cross; 1298. Pereda, Portrait; 1281. Ribera, Death of Se«
neca. — S. wall: 1310. Jos, Antolinez, Madonna in a glory; Jlf«-
riUo, ♦1306. Two beggar-boys gambling, ♦1303. St. Francis of Paula
healing a paralytic, ♦ISO?. Girls selling firuit; 1279. Ribalta, The
Virgin and St. John letuming from the Sepulchre. — W. wall :
Ribera, 1285. Manasses, king of the Jews, 1282. Egg-dealer; 1300.
P. de Moya, Conversation-piece ; ♦1305. MurillOj Beggar-boys with
a puppy ; 1284. Ribera, St. Bartholomew; 1293. Velazquez, Portrait;
1299. P, de Moya, Sibyl ; 1310. Carreno, Donna Maria Anna de
Austria. — N. wall : ♦1292. Velazquez, Portrait of himself; 1283.
Ribera, Peter's repentance ; ♦♦I 304. MuriUo, Two beggar-boys eat-
ing grapes and melons; 1301. AIotmo Cano, St. Anthony of Padua
with the Holy Child.

Cabinbt XXI. To the left (E.): 1316. A, Crabeth (?), Portrait;
1331. Le Sueur, Mass of Saint Louis; 1368. J, Vemet, Morning by
the sea; 1366. Pesne. Girl with a straw-hat; 1376. Chardin, Cook
paring turnips ; 1369. Vemet, Evening near Rome. — W. wall :
1377. Qreuze, Head of a girl ; 1315. Clouet, Claude de France. —
N. waU : 1320. S. Vouet, Madonna.

XII. Room. French and later German Masters. To the left (N.) :
♦1326, ♦1327. Claude Lorrain , Landscapes. — W. wall : 1328.
N, Pouisin, Midas and Bacchus ; 1374. J, Vemet, Storm at sea ; 1340.
Ph, de Champaigne, Turenne; ^1324, ♦1325. Claude Lorrain, Land-
scapes; ♦ISÖl. N, Pousein, Entombment. — S. wall: 1330. Le
Sueur, Christ in the house of Lazarus. — E. wall : Pictures by J, H,
Boos, J, K. Loth, Chris, Schwarz, A, R, Menge (1431. Portrait of
himself), Angelica Kaufmann (1432. Portrait of herself), and other
masters.

Cabinbt XXII. German Masters, chiefly of the 17th century.
To the left(E.): Netscher, 1398. Musical entertainment, 1399. Lady
with parrot; lo84. £o<(efiAamm<r, Last Judgment; 1416. J,H,Roos,
Before the battle ; 1426, 1427. Denner, Old man and old woman ;
Rotterihammer, 1383. Judgment of Paris, 1385. Diana and Actson;
Netscher^ 1400. Bathsheba at the bath, 1402. Pastoral scene. — S.
wall: 1391. NeUcher, Boy playing the flute; 1104, 1405. Migrum,
Fruit and flowers ; Rottenhammer, 1386. Madonna in a landscape,
1387. Boys dancing. — W. wall: 1388. i^ott^nAamm^r, Marriage
at Cana of Galilee; 1403. Lingelbaeh, Hay-harvest; 1415. Roos,
Landscape with cattle; 1390. Etzheimer, Destruction of Troy.

Cabinet XXIlI contains a series of religious pictures painted
for the Elector Johann Wilhelm by Adrian van derWerff, and a few
other works by the same hand.

On the S. side are the Loggia , an arcade in twenty-flve sec-
tions , with frescoes designed by Cornelius , Illustrating the history
of painting in the middle ages , the first thirteen relating to the
history of Italian art (that in the centre, the 13th, to Raphael), the

152 RouU28. MUNICH. LoggU,

remaining twelve to art in the Netherlands, France, and Germany.
A brief explanation is here annexed , without which the pictures

would hardly be intelligible.

E. Ssaiss: 1. Dome: Religion in union with the Arti. Arabesques;
King David (lyric poetry), Solomon (architecture), St. Luke (painting),
St. Cecilia (music). King Lewis conducted by his genius into the grove
of poets and artists ; the three heads to the right on the outer arch are
Klenze. Cornelius, and Zimmermann. — 2. The Crueadea awaken Art.
Bernard of Clairvauz preaches the Crusade. Battle of Iconium. Giov.
Pisano shows the magistrates of Pisa his design for the Campo Santo. —
3. dmabue id. 1900). H« is taught by Byzantine painters \ his Hadonna brought
into the church. — 4. Giotto (d. 1337), when a shepherd-boy, becomes Cimabue''s
pupil ; shows his pictures to Pope Benedict XI. *, King Robert of Naples
visits Gfotto; the painter accompanies Pope Clement V. to Avignon. —
5. Fra Angelico da Fieeole (d. 1465). Ordination as Dominican; he paints
in the cells of the monastery \ receives the blessing of Pope Martin V.
after having painted a chapel in the Vatican; shows Duke Cosimo de"*
Medici at Florence the plan of the monastery of St. Mark. He declines
an archiepiscopal see. — 6. Maeaceio (d. iUS) shows his designs to a car-
dinal; paints in the church del Carmine at Florence. — 7. Pemgino (d.
1524), BJaphaers teacher. — 8. Predeeeuors and Contemporarie* of Raphael,
Signorelli's Vision of the Last Judgment. — 9. Leon, da VineCs birth (d«
15l9) ; .Leonardo as a teacher and a portrait-painter ; his deatii in the
presence of Francis I. of France. — 10.. Correggio (d. 1534) among his
pupils ; allegories. — 11. Venetian School. Dürer visits Bellini ; Bellini at
Constantinople paints the Sultan and his mistress; Titian paints Emp.
Charles V. ; the heads of the School visit Titian. — 12. Michael Angelo (d.
1563). Allegory in allusion to his threefold capacity as painter, sculptor,
and architect; he paints the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; works as a
sculptor at night; applies his compasses to the model of the dome of St.
Peter's. — 13. Raphael (d. 1520) when a boy in his father's studio ; enters
the school of Perugino ; is introduced to Pope Julius IL ; paints in the
Stanze of the Vatican. — In order to obtain a chronological review of the
history of art in the Netherlands, France, and Germany, the visitor should
now proceed to the last loggia on the W.

W. Sbbibs : 1. Allegories similar to those in the first logfia on the E«
— 2. Charles Martel's victory over the Saracens at Tours (732). Boniface
preaches Christianity. Charlemagne surrounded by scholars, bards, and
poets. — 3. Emp. Henry, the 'founder of cities'. The architect Meister
Gerhardt delivers the model of Cologne cathedral to Bishop Connd ; relics
of the Magi ; death of St Gereon and St. Ursula. — 4. Meitter Wilhelm of
Cologne (d. 1380). Vision of the Virgin ; his death. Influence on the pic-
tures of Holbein and other masters; — : 5. John (d. 1442) and Hubert (d.
1426) van Effck: the latter invents oil-painting; teaches his brother and
sister ; shows Philip the Good of Burgundy his pictures ; instructs Anto-
nello of Messina in the art of oil-painting. Allusions to theix' celebrated
'Immaculate Lamb\ — John Memling (d. 1499) paints in St.. John's Hos*
pital at Bruges ; his death ; vision of the Last Judgment — 7. Luca» v.
Ley den (d. 1^) : drawing on his death-bed. — 8. Han$ Holbein (d. 1543) :
the Virgin appears to him (allusions to his Dresden Madonna) ; he receives
letters qf introduction from Erasmus for England ; paints Sir Thomas More
and his family; introduction to Henry VUI. ; he draws the Dance of
Death. — 9. Albert Dürer (d. 1628), pupil of Wohlgemuth; his friend Pirk-
heimer reads to him ; Emp. Maximilian holds the ladder for him ; his
flattering reception among the painters of Antwerp. — 10. Retn^andt (d.
1669); on the dome Claude Lorrain (d. 1682). — 11. U Sueur (d. 1655)
working at night, among the Carmelites; Nie. Pousein and hi* School at
Rome; protection from envy. — Ruben* (d. 1640) at his easel, sprinkled
with flowers by the goddess of fortune ; at his feet Cupid and Bacchantes.
Allusions to the tendency of his pictures ; the master in the presence of
Marie de' Medici; as ambassador in England.

Gbovnd Floob of the Pinakothek. On the N. side are the Ca-

Cabinet of Vase«. MUNICH. 28, BouU, 153

binet of Engravingi (adm. see p. 125), upwards of 300,000 in number

(Dutch and German masters particularly well represented), and the

Cabinet of Drawingi (adm. see p. 125), containing 22,000 examples

by old and modem masters, among them four by Raphael^ ten by Fra

Bartolommeo , seal of the academy of Florence by Benvenuto CtU

Uni^ with explanation in his own handwriting, sketches by Bern-

brandt and Dürer, portraits by Holbein, etc.

Good reproductioiis (photographs, photo-lithographf , eto.) of rare en-
gravings, etchings, and drawings are sold by the attendants in the Cabi-
net of Ei^ravings. Prices 25 pf . to 3 m.

The Cabinet of Yases (adm. see p. 125 ; catalogue 1 m.), occu-
pying Ave rooms in the W. wing of the ground-floor of the Old
Pinakothek, comprises about 1500 specimens, obtained by King
Lewis I. from the Candelori (from Vulci), Canlno (Etruscan), Dod-
well (Greek), Panitteri and Politi (Sicilian), and Lipona (Lower

Italian) collections. Director, Dr, von Brunn,

I. Boom. Centre-table : 2. Woman playing the lyre *, 3. Hercules wrest-
ling with Antceus s 7. Theseus carrying off Antiope •, iOUi. Drinking cups,
mostly inscribed with toasts.

Table to the left : 54. The Gorgon pursuing Perseus (archaic) ; 68, 60. Her-
cules stealing the Delphic tripod ; 65. Achilles killing Troilus at the altar
(on the battlements of Troy are Priam, Hecuba, and other figures); 89.
Achilles lying in wait for Polyxena and Troilus behind a fountain*, 114.
Hercules and Antaeus; 120, 122. Women with pitchers on their heads at
a fountain; 123. Zeus, Hermes, Hera, and Aphrodite caricatured; 124.
Achilles attacked by Hector, ^neas, and Deiphobus after the death of
Troilus (very early). 125. Atalanta and Peleus struggling; 184. Hercules
vanquishing the Triton; 170. Fight between Theseus and the Minotaur.

II. Boom. Near the door, fragments of old mural paintings. Table
to the right (behind a grating) : .*8mall vase with lid, known as the Dodweil
Vase, found at Corinth (on the lid, boar-hunt with names inscribed; on
the vase, figures of animals). Table to the left: 299. Triptolemus in the
winged chariot. On the small table near, 329. Theseus and Ariadne.

III. Boom (r.). First table to the right: 331. Peleus overcoming Thetis;
334. Gups with pleading inscriptions in dialogue; *336. Triptolemus in
the winged chariot (vase); 337. Combat between Hercules and the triple -
bodied Oeryon; 842. Combat between Hercules and Busiris; 343. Uedea
with the ram practising magic; 345. Gea delivering Erichthonius to
Athene. Second table: *370. Large cupwith raised and gilded ornamen-
tation , Achilles slaying Penthesilea ; 376. Boreas carrying off Orithyia ;
378. Hector arming himself; 383. Orpheus pursued by a Thracian woman. —
Third table : 404. Priam begging the body of Hector.

IV., Boom (left from II. Boom). The nine tables round the walls bear
nothing of importance. Near the pillars stand Athenian prize amuhorse,
the pattern of which was imported into Italy in oil-jars, e. g. 449, 498,
544., with representations of warlike sports. On the windows wire-cages
with specimens of small vessels, some of them of very handsome shape.
On the table (No. 10) nearest the entrance: *745. The contest between Idas
and Apollo for Marpessa; 748. Boreas pursuing Orithyia; *753. (flower-
pot or wine-cooler?), Alceeus before Sappho in confusion. Eleventh table
(near the window): 776. Hephaestus intoxicated, surrounded by Bacchan-
tes ; 781. Large cooler or mixing-cup; on the brim, inside, five sailing-ships.
Twelfth table (parallel to 10.) : *805. Scenes from the Argonautic expedition ;
807. Peleus pursuing Thetis ; *810. Large amphora from Oanosa in Apulia :
Vengeance of Hedea, death of Greusa in the poisoned garment, Medea
Slavs her children and departs in the chariot drawn by dragons. —
Thirteenth table: *849. Large amphora, Orpheus in Hades, companion
vase to the beautiful No. 810 and like it found at Canosa. 853. Lycu)|^s

1 54 RouU 28.

MuracH.

New Pinakothek.

and Dionysus, beaaüfally ornamented, Apalian, found wilh 810 and 849.
Then drinking utensils representing heads of a woman, griffin, sheep,
ram, horse, and deer.

V. Booh. On table I., left: Old Etrurian utensils ir black clay with
stamped figures; on table II. some very ancient yellow one with ardmals.
Table IV., right: Plain Cyprian vessels. On table UI. : 1035. Large vase with
combats between war-chariots. On the floor a large antique mosaic, Gtea,
goddess of the earth, surrounded by the seasons, also Helius in the zo-
diac, found in the Romagna on the property of the Duke of Leuchtenberg.

Th6 *Few FinakoflMk (PI. D, 2; adm. see p. 126; cttalogae

1 m.), erected by Voit 1846-53, contains exclusively Modem

Pictures of the present century. The frescoes on the exterior, which

have suffered considerably from exposure to the atmosphere, are

best appreciated by an examination of Kaulbach's designs in the

3rd small saloon (p. 155). In the entrance -hall the model of

Wagner's Quadriga on the Siegesthor (p. 133). Near it, to the left,

Ofound Plan of the Upper Floor,
Norih,

•

1 1

! VI !

1 i

: :

U 13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

6

4

3

2 1

Stair-
case.

Y IV Hi n I

T

TT

TTT

ITT

V

1

L».

J.1J

X 1

r

T

South.

is the entrance to two rooms containing small PainUng% on Pot--
eelain (adm. see p. 126; catalogue 60 pf.). These are admirably-
executed copies of the best pictures in the Old Pinakothek, and of
the gallery of beauties in the Palace. The ground-floor also now
contains the Antiquarium (p. 157), which occupies five rooms.

I. Room : *Kaulbaeh^ Portrait of King Lewis I. ; Bernhard^ Portrait of
King HaximiUan II. Malachite rase presented by Emp. ITicholas; por-
phyry vases from King Charles lohn of Sweden. Tables of green granite
(erbette antico) and Egyptian granite ; vases of Serpentine, porphyry-breccia,
and antique alabaster.

II. Rook. Entrance-wall. *1. Änselm FeuerbaehyMeAe&i2j6. Ainmillef'f
Interior of Westminster Abbey ; *i. Behom^ The Deluge (anfinished) ; »T. K,
Piloty^ Seni before the corpse of Wallenstein ; 8. Zimmermann^ Adoration
of the Shepherds; *9. Heinrich Hess, Apollo and the Muses; *22. A. Aehen-
hach, Storm at sea ; 11. Ovgel, Domestic scene ; *12. K. A'lofy. Thusnelda in the
triumphal procession of Germanicus; *13. Lier^ The Theresienwiese at
Munich. — This and the following three rooms also contain (above)
cartoons for windows in the cathedral of Cologne and the Mariahilf-
Kirche at Munich, by /. A. Fischer.

III. Room. To the right: 16. Wenglein, Searching for pebbles in the
bed of the Isar at Tölz: 17. Flüggen. A prince's ante-chamber. IS, 21,
Kaulbachy The painters Heinlein and Monten in the costume worn at the
procession of masked artists in 1840; *19. Kaulbach, Destruction of Jeru-
salem, a work which suggested the cycle of frescoes in the new Mu-
seum at Berlin ; *20. Volts, Herd returning homewards ; ^Brandt, Cossack

New Pinakothek. MUNICH. 28. Boute, 155

horses in a snow-storm *, 25. Lange^ Lake of Gosau ; 23. H. ^e««, Florentine
lady \ 24. Böcklin, Pan among the reeds ; 26. 27, Zimmermann^ Wild moun-
tain-landscapes; 23. Jacobs y Shipwreck; 29. Maffei^ Dachs -hounds; 15.
J. A. Koch , Historical landscape with rainhow.

IV. Boom. 30. P. Hest, Battle of Ansterlitz. 31. CoroHnne, The Dauphin
parting from Marie Antoinette in the ^Temple**; *32. Ifavez, Women of
Fondi spinning; 42. RugendaSy Columhus landing in America; 41. /.
ßchraudolphy Christ healing the sick ; *84. Ed. Schleich, Scene on the Isar;
35. Füger ^ Vary Magdalene; 36. P. Hets, King Otho entering Athens in
1835; *38. P. Hess. King Otho of Greece entering Nauplia in 1833: 39. F.
Diefz, Storming of Belgrade hy the Elector Max Emanuel in 1688; ^41.
H. HesSy Last Supper (unfinished); 43. A. Kauffmann , Christ and the
Samaritan woman; 37. Weiss, Large ship in collision with a steamboat;
44. Kobell, Battle of Hanau.

V. Boom. 48. H. Hess, Madonna with the four evangelists and the
patron-saints of the newer churches at Munich with models of the latter;
•49. Overbed, Holy Family (1826); 51. Löjßt, Pietii; Zicengauer, 54. The
Benedictenwand, 55. Sunset; Sehraudolph, 56. Miraculous draught of fishes ;
61. Ascension ; 68. Millner , Evening on the Hohe Kampe ; "BO. Lenbach,
Pope Leo XIII. ; 62. W. Schadow, Holy Family; 64. Fisdier, Entombment.

VI. Boom. ^Bottmann, Twenty-three Greek landscapes, encaustic paint-
ings admirably lighted from above.

We now retrace our steps and proceed to visit the smaller rooms (be-
ginning from the large Boom V.).

I. On the right: 65. Bosboom, Interior of the new church at Amster*
dam ; 66. Bodenimller, Battle of Sedan (attack of the Bavarians) ; 69. Mor-
genstern, Storm at sea; 73.. SodenmiUler, Battle of Worth (Bavarians
storming the Froschweiler heights); 74. Stange, Ships in the Bay of
Venice; 76. Welter, Italian peasants passing through a Cyclopean gate-
way; 77. B. Adam, Cattle-market in the Bavarian Oberland; 79, 81, 84.
'Kirchner. Views of the Castle of Heidelberg. 80. Hausho/er, Walchensee ;
*82. F. Adam, Battle of Orleans, 1870.

II. To the right: 90. Leys, Street in a Dutch village; *87. Coignef,
Temple of Piestum; Wopfer, Fishing in thel*Chiemsee ; 91. Stefan, Moun-
tain scene; *85. A. Feuerba<^, Battle of the giants, a sketch; l06. Morgen-
stern, Heath at the foot of the Vosges; *OabL Vaccination in Tyrol; Ger-
hardt, 92. Lion Court of the Alhambra, 93. Interior of the Church of St.
Mark; 92a. Höcker, Dutch peasant-^rl; 95. E. Hess, A knight entertained
by Dominican monks; 97. Schleich, A mountain pasture; Lang. Bavarians
crossing the Seine at Corbeil ; 99. Etzdorf, Forge in Sweden ; 100. Riedel,
Neapolitan fisherman's family ; 101. Hdnlein, The Ortler; 89. Adam, Stor-
ming the lines of Düppel ; 96a. Bauem/eld, Baalbek ; 88. Klente, Idea-
lised view of Athens with the Acropolis.

in. Kaulbach, Coloured designs for the frescoes on the exterior of the
building (p. 154), some with a sarcastic reference to the patronage of art
by King Lewis at Bome and Munich; the figures are portraits (litho*
graphed keys accompany each picture). To the left : 129. E. Hess, General
Wrangel surprised by the Bavarians while hunting near Dachau ; Zügel,
Plough -oxen; *1S0. Kurzbauer, Bustic entertainment.

IV. To the rieht: 131. Seidel, Landscape; 132a. Zimmermann, company
in the tavern; 133. D. Quaglio, Orvieto Cathedral; 134, 147. R. Zimmer-
mann, Winter -scenes; 135. A. Adam, Battle of Custoeza in 1848; 136.
JHday, The Wetterhom; 136a. Abel, Iphigeneia and Orestes; 137. Adam,
Battle of Novara; 186, 144, Itö. M. Zimmermann, Forest-scenes; 189. Bam-
berger, Bocky ravine near Cuenca in SpsAni Rottmann, IM. Sicyon, 142.
Ischia; Morgenstern, Heath at St. Hippolyt; H43. Bamberg, After dinner;
147a. L. V. Hagen, A garden-party; 146. Lange, The Gosausee; 146.
Jacquand, Gipsies in a court of justice; •150. Wilkie, Opening the will;
162. (?ai{. Palace of the Doges at Venice.

V. 180. WinterhcMer, Portrait of Count Jenison- Walworth ; 154. Marco,
Flight into Egypt ; »löö. Geyer, Consultation of physicians ; *157. Defregger,
Storming of the ^Bed Tower^ at Munich by Bavarian peasants in 1706;
158. J. A. Koch, Waterfall on the Schmadribach ; 169. Geyer, End of the

156 BouU28. ICUNICH. New Pinakothek.

masquerade; 161-173. Portraits of the royal family of Bararia, by SUeUr
and Schrotzberg t, 174, 179. Biedelf Italian women, 175. A. Achenbaeh, Autumn
morning in the Pontine Marshes; *176. Overbeek, Two allegorical female
figures, Italia and Qermania; 10. Kirchner^ Verona; *1Ö3. Lenbtuhj Prince
Bismarck.

Thence through Boom I. to the Cabinets. We begin on the right
in each.

1. Cabinet, 185a. Monten^ Napoleon and his Staff; 185. LtndenteJimiU,
Battle with peasants of Sendlingen; 196. Lepoittevim^ firouwer painting a
signboard for an inn; 194. Bottmann^ View of Corfu; 182. Knut Baade^
Storm; 191. A. v. Bay er ^ Court of a convent; «190. iVsyer, Still-life; *183.
Bchendel^ Night -scene in the market at Antwerp; 184. Schmidt, School
in Holland; 186. P. Hu»^ Herd of horses in Walachia; *187. Rottmanny
Gulf of Palermo; 202. E. Fries, Fall of the Liris; 203. Heideek, Bridge near
Cumse; 200. L. Robert, Woman of Procida; 204. Rottmann, The Hohe Göll;
196. Heideck, Lion Gate at Hycense ; 197a. Foltz, The ministrel's curse.

2. Cabinet. 215. Dillie, The Tegernsee; 206. Maee, Girl of the Cam-
pagna praying; 212. Quaglio, Abbey at Bouen; 213. Jacobe, Harbour of
Constantinople; 218. Overbeck, Whitsunday Confirmation ; 219. Ifeher, Chapel
in Burg Trausnits; *217. Camphaueen, Cavaliers captured by the Bound-
heads ; 220. Crola^ Mountain mill. On the left wall of this and the follow-
ing cabinets; 485, 1-22. Löffler, Twenty -two sketches of Oriental scenes)
480-484. P. He»», Forty oil-sketches for the frescoes in he Arcades (p. 130)
illustrating the Greek War of Independence; 449-479. Old views of Aunich
by Neher, QuagUo,Adam, Mayer, Jodl, ete.,

3. Cabinet. 2ä2. JSotfrnatm jBrannenburg with the Wendelstein; 103.
Licktemheld, Treasure-seeker; *230. Rottmann, Mt. Etna from Taormina;
231. Bayer, Hall in a monastery; 228. J. Koch, Vintage-feast near Olevano;
238. A. AchMhach, Storm on the N. Sea; 244. Riedel, Roman woman ; 233.
A. Becker, Villaee fire.

4. Cabinet. 239. Bürkel. Winter -scene; 248a. Grützner, The Silesian
toper out-drinks the devil ; 255. P. Hess , The brigand Barbone defending
himself against gendarmes; 254. Braekeler, Itinerant musician; *259. Stieler,
Goethe (1828); 260. H. Hess, Thorvaldsen; 222. Spitzaeg, Two hermits;
262. Behelfhout, Coast-scene.

5. Cabinet. 263. Sdtnorr, Scene from the Nibelungenlied; 271. Artaria,
Going to church on Christmas Eve; 269. Rottmann, Scene from Syracuse;
A, Adam, 284. Waggoners, 285. Stable; 282. Ruben, Alpine herd -girl;
*278. Hasenclever, The theological examination; 279. Aiwasowsky, Storm
off the Swedish coast; 280. D. Quaglio, Villa MalU at Borne ; ^6. B. Adam,
Stable.

6. Cabinet. 290. P. v. Hess, At the Locanda; 286. Qrajff^, Portrait of
Chodowieski ; 293. OallcUtjMonk feeding the poor; 297. P. Hess.Stin Marino ;
289. Enhuber, Sculptor; 3Ö3. R. Zimmermann, Winter-scene; *301. Sehvind,
The symphony; 296. Jacobs, Sunrise in the Archipelago ; 300. Jos. Fischer,
Entombment of the Virgin.

7. Cabinet. 311. Koekoek, Sea-piece ; 309. A. Achenbach, Sea-piece ; 312.
Vermeersch, Canal Grande ; 320. R. Zimmermann, Interior at Schleissheim ;
310. A. Achenbach, Sea-piece ; 305. Bayer, Cloisters at Berchtesgaden ; 319.
Lenbaeh, Dr. Dollinger; 314. A. Zimmermann, Landscape with waterfall.

a. Cabinet. 324. Scholz, Widow and children of an officer ; 327. Gurlit.,
Scene near Berchtesgaden ; 329. Verboeekhoven, Sheep ; 331. Schraudolph,
Madonna ; 344. Kreul, Baker's shop ; 258. A. Hess , St. Theresa ;*340. BUr-
kel, Village-street in a shower; 341. Hoff, Würzburg Palace ; 338. H. Hess,
Pilgrims coming in sight of the dome of St. Peter's.

9. Cabinet. 421. Bamberger, Gorge near Cuenca; 353. iSfe«(«, Vagrants;
358. Af. Neher, Abbey-church at Bebenhausen; 348. Schleich, Storm; 360.
Marr, Capuchin monk riding on an ass and praying, whilst his wine-cask
leaks; «359. Schleich, Villaee garden at Pasing ; 360. Schmitt, Fruit; 435.
Mueller, Rustic wedding; 335. Schotel, Storm.

10. Cabinet. 364. Meixner , The Auerkirch at Munich; 365. Bischof,
The first snow ; 367. Bamberger, St. Geronimo ; 369. Sehenitzer, Lake of
Zürich; 375. Holmsberg, Scholar of the 16th cent; 376. Schilgen, (after

Oiyptothtk. MUNICH. 28, Route. 157

Cornelius) Bape of Helen: 372. BioueneUver ^ Conjugal differences; 373.
Neher^ Lichtenthal near Baden-Baden; 377. A. Adam, Cavalry camp.

11. Cabinet. 386. Frey, Simoom; *387. Catel, Spanish tavern on the
Bipa Grande at Bome, with portraits of the Crown Prince Lewis of Bava^
ria, Thorvaldsen, Catel, Schnorr, Veit, M. Wagner, and Klenze (1824);
38B. M. Neker^ Cathedral at Prague; 390. Beheuren, Winter > scene; 391.
Bürkel, Italian landscape; 392. Willmer, Angels bearing the body of St.
Catharine to the tomb on Mt. Sinai; 403. P. v. Hut, Chamois - hunter ;
*399. Oabriel Max. Katharina Emmerich (the Tision-seeing ^nun of Dül-
men', d. 1824); 400a. W. von Kaulbaeh, King Lewis I.; 400. A. Kauf-
mann , King Lewis when Crown Prince (1806) ; 397. Zimtnermann, Boman
pilgrims; 394. Neher, Church of St. Martin at Brunswick; 396. Linden-
sehmiU, Death of Duke Luitpold in the battle with the Huns at Pressburg.

12. Cabinet. 406. Rhamberff, Smoke -studies; 407. Adam, Wounded
soldier with his dog ; 406. Aiteatouttky, St. Petersburg ; 411. Stange, Burial
of a doge of Venice ; 419. Jodl , The Auerkirche at Munich ; 420. JSberle,
Shepherd and flock ; 414. Rhoden, Holy Family.

13. Cabinet. 428. W. /ScAAi, Jealousy; 422. ^1. Jdam, Field -Marshall
Badetzky; 436. Fink, Winter -morning in the mountains; 430. Kimer,
Fortune-teller ; 349. Fried, The ^Blue Grotto' in Capri ; Brateassat, Italian
landscape, Cow pasturing; *431. A. Feiterbaeh, Portrait of himself ; 439.
Bottmann, The Eibsee; *'429a. Leopold Bottmann, The Barmsee.

14. Cabinet. 436. Pfeiffer, Scarecrow; 446. Stademann, Winter -scene;
443. Biedel, Mother and child ; 437. Stange, Moonlight-scene ; 438. Fr. Adam,
French soldiers at the burning of Moscow; 440. ^am6«r^, Morning prayer ;
447. Sqttindo, Beturn of the royal family from Versailles to Paris ; 448.
Schleich, Landscapes.

Aatiquarium. I. Boom. Cork models of the Pantheon and the temples
of Vesta at Bome and Tivoli. Ancient terracottas. *390. Draped female
figures from an Attic grave with well-preserved painting. *476. Perforated
glass goblet from a tomb at Cologne. 486. Hermes and Latona, an archaic
relief. On theW. wall: 338,339. Early Italian frieze. — II. Boox. Modelsin
cork of the Arch of Constantine, etc. A great variety of small antiquities
in the cabinets on the walls. — III. Boom. Cork and platers models (Colos-
seum, etc.). In the round cabinet, gold and silver trinkets. 8rd Section :
*Gold wreath from a coffin at Armento (S. Italy). In the cabinets on the
walls, bronze implements. — IV. Boom. 1st Table: Small bronzes; *366.
Venus loosening her sandal; *367. Discobolus, after Myron, ü^d Table:
Silver and bronze utensils. — Long wall of entrance: Modern bronze sta-
tuettes ; ancient and medisBval weapons. — Egyptian Boom (to the left of
Boom I.). Egyptian collection : sarcophagi, mummies , cippi, etc.

At No. 78 Theresieo - Strasse, behind the new Pinakothek, Is
a Panorama, containing a picture of Ancient Rome with the
triumphal entry of Constantine the Oreat, by Bühlmann and Wagner
(adm.y see p. 125).

In the Arcis-Strasse , near the new Pinakothek is situated the
new Northern Cemetery (PI. D, 1; p. 167). Opposite the W. side
of the old Pinakothek rises the new Polytechnic School (Pi. D, 2),
a handsome brick edifice in the later Renaissance style, by Neu-
retdher(d. 1887). The cornice is adorned with seventy-two medallion-
portraits of celebrated architects, mathematicians, and naturalists.
The imposing ^Staircase is worthy of inspection . The valuable technical
collections are not shown except during the vacations and occasion-
ally on Sundays (apply to the custodian, on the ground-floor). — In
the neighbouring Luisen -Strasse is the Art -Industrial School.

The *Glyptothek (PL C, D, 2, 3; adm. see p. 125), or *Repo-
sitory of Sculptures', contains ancient sculptures collected chiefly by

158 BouU 28.

MUNICH.

Ollfptothek.

Lewis I. when crown-prince, in 1805-16. The bailding, erected by
Klenze 1816-30, is in the Ionic style, somewhat arbitrarily adapted,
with a porch of eight columns; the interior is vanlted, and tends to the
Roman style. The group in the tympanum, designed by Wagner oi
Rome , and executed by Schwanthaler and others in white marble,
represents Minerva as the protectress of the plastic art. The thirteen
halls are lighted from the quadrangle in the centre. The niches in
front and on the sides contain marble statues of illustrious sculptors:
I. Assyrian Hall. At the entrance, two colossal lions with human heads,
casts of the originals from the palace of Sardanapalos III. in the Louvre.
In the hall, seven reliefs in alahaster from Kalah, afterwards Larissa,
in Assyria, with winged genii, etc., and cuneiform inscriptions.

IL JSgtfptian Ball. 5, 6. Statues of priests in black marble, of a late
period \ 7, 8. Recumbent sphynxes, in basalt, of Roman workmanship ; 13.
Statue of Ra, the god of the sun, with the head of a hawk, early Egyptian •,
14. Portrait-statue of a man ^ 15. Antinous, in rosso antico , of Hadrian'«
time ; 16. and 24. Groups of husband and wife in a sitting posture , in
sandstone, the former with traces of painting j 17. Isis, and 23. Horns,
of a late period} 25. Quadruple head of Brahma*, 29. Head of Buddha (spe-
cimens of Indian art from Java); 30. Sitting statue of a high priest, early
Egyptian-, 31. (in the centre) ObeUsk in syenite, of Roman origin.

III. Ball of the Incunabula (Specimens of the earliest Greek and
Etruscan art, executed when It was 'in cunabulis\ i. e. 4n its cradle',
and copies). 32, 33. Reliefs in bronze from an ancient Etruscan chariot from
Perugia; 44. Triangular base of a candelabrum from Perugia, very an-
cient, embossed and rivetted \
north. •41. Apollo of Tenea, arch-

aic, found at the root of
Acro-Corinth ; 43. Foriuna,
In Imitation of the archaic
style, of Hadrian's time; 45.
Spes, Roman, a similar work;
47, 48. Etruscan cinerary
urns ', 49. Head of a youth, a
copy in marble of a bronze
original (?) ; 50. Bearded Bac-
chus, archaic style.

IV. *jEffinetan Ball: Frag-
ments from a Temple of Mi-
nerva in the island of iBglna,
found in 1811, and of great
importance in the history of
art. They consist of two pe-
diment groups, representing
the combats around the body
of Achilles, and that of Lao-
medon, the first consisting
of ten, the latter of Ave fig-
ure8,restored by Thorvaldsen.
The proportions are admir-
ably accurate, but the faces
destitute of expression. A
small model of the temple
on the wall above affords a convenient survey of the whole. Group on
the right : 54. Hercules, 55. Dying Trojan, 56. (Champions of the Trojans,
57. Fallen warrior, 58. Youth stooping forwards. Group on the left: 50.
Hlnerva, 60. Achilles, 61. Ajax Telamonlus, 62. Teucer, 63. Ajax Oi'leua,
64. Wounded Greeky 65. -ffineas, 66. Paris, 67. Trojan kneeling, 68. Wounded
Trojan. By the wall to the left, smaller fragments and an acroterial group
of the temple ; by the right wall, a capital.

VII. I VIII. I Small I IX. I X.
Hall of Hall of Ves- Trojan Hall of
l^iobe. Gods. | tibule. | Hall. Heroes.

VI.

Hall of
Bacchus

V.

Hall of
Apollo.

IV.

^glnet.

Hall.

III.
Hall of Bgyptiani tibule. > Modem

Incunab.l Hall

L

I I

Works.

XIL
Colored
. Senlp-
I tnres.

Olypio&iek. MUNICH. 28. Route. 159

V. Hall of Apollo. 79. Ceres ; 80. Bearded Bacchus -, 81. Japiter Ammon \
82. Bhodian vase^ 88. Head of an athlete ^ 86. Minerva; 87. Draped female
statue (Boman i>ortrait-%ure) ; 88. Attic cinerary urn, with relief; *Ö9.
Young female head; *90. Apollo Githaroedus; 91. Head of Mars (or
Achilles T); 92. Pallas, Boman copy of a hronse original; 98. Statue of
Diana, Boman.

VI. Ball of Baeehut. In the centre : *9ö. Sleeping satyr , the 'Bar-
berini Faun^; *96. Eirene andPIutus (formerly called Ino Leucothea); 97.
Apollo (of hermaphrodite type); 98. Silenus, copy from a Greek original
in bronze; *99. Head of a laughing satyr; iw. Bacchanalian sarcophagus;
upon it, 101. Sitting satyr, Boman copy of a Greek work in marble; *102.
Young Pan with horns, known as 'Winckelmann''8 Faun^; 108. Statue of
Bacchus; 104. Yenus, Boman; *105, 106. Satyrs; 107. Young athlete; 106.
Bacchus, late-Boman ; 109. Young satyr ; 111. Boy on a dolphin ; 112. Ariadne ;
113. Diana, a good Boman work ; *114. Silenus with the young Bacchus.
By the wall to the left, 116. Ifuptials of Neptune and Amphitrite, a Greek
relief from the workshop of Scopas.

Vli. Hall of the Children of Niobe. 122. Female head (modern) ; 123.
Mercury; 125. Female figure in relief CB-oman); 126. Isis and Harpo-
crates, late Boman; '^128. Head of Medusa ('Medusa Bondanini**) ; 130.
Venus ; *131. Venus of Gnidos, after Praxiteles ; 136. Decking of a statue,
a relief; 138. Clio, admirably draped. In the centre, 140. Boy struggling
with a goose ; 141. Dying child of Niobe ; *142. Torso of a child of Niobe
(Ilioneus), an admirable Greek original.

VIII. Hall of the Ood$. This and the two following rooms are adorn-
ed with beautiful ^Frescoes by Cornelius, executed in 1S20-30. The
principal pictures are: 1. The infernal regions, Orpheus entreating Pluto
and Proserpine to restore him his wife Eurydice ; 2. Marriage of Neptune
and Amphitrite ; Arion ; Thetis ; 8. Olympus ; Jupiter and Juno ; Hercules
receives the cup of nectar from Hebe ; Ganymede and the eagle. Over the
doors reliefs by Schwanthaler. — Small Vestibule. Minerva imparts a soul
to the man formed by Prometheus; Prometheus released by Hercules;
Pandora opens her casket.

IX. Hall of the Trojan». Frescoes : 1. Quarrel of Achilles and Aga-
memnon on account of the abduction of Brisei's ; 2. Contest for the body
of Patroclus; 3. Destruction of Troy, with Priam, Hecuba, Cassandra,
£neas, and Anchises.

X. Hall of the Heroet. On the left: 149. Demosthenes; 150. Portrait-
head ; 153. Alexander the Great ; 154. Hannibal (?) ; 166. Hippocrates ; 156.
Statue of a hunter; 157. Pericles; 158. Domitian; 160. Statue of a Greek
king; 161. Xenophon (?); 102. Diomedes, after a Greek original in bronze;
168. Zeno(?); 166. Athlete; 166. Socrates; «161. (in the centre) Mercury.

XI. Hall of the Roman». By the doors : 167-170. Four Caryatides, Boman ;
176. Statue of the elder Agrippina. Busts : 172. Marius (f), i78. Germanious,
180. Lucius Verus, 181. Nero, 183. Augustus, 186. Vespasian, 193. Marcus Aure-
lius, 198. Antoninus Pius, 199. Titus, 216. Cicero, 217. Hadrian, 219. Au-
gustus, 231. Lucius Veras, 286. Tiberius, 238. Vitellius (?) , 253. Cato(?),
966. Gommodtts, 256. Antinous, 267. Lucius Verus, 260. Galba, 266. Sabina,
wife of Hadrian, 266. Soipio Africanus, 268. Trajan, 272. Seneca, 282. Per-
tinax^Ontheleft: 188. Sarcophagus with the Muses; 192. Septimius Seve-
ms, i^tatne; 206. Sarcophagus with the children of Niobe; 206. Beliefs
from a firieae, Victories «aerificing. Statues: 209. Augustus, 226. Livia
DrasiU^ 288. Matidia in the chaiaeter of Ceres, 249. Domitian, 264. Tibe-
rius, 28u. Lucilla(?). In the centre: 286 Boy with a goose, on a stand;
288. Ornamental vase. Under the windows : 246, 262, 277. Pulvinaria (seato
of the gods), with appropriate attributes.

XII. H«M of the Coloured Sculptures. In the centre an antique mosaic;
upon it, 204. Tripod, bearing (296.) a modern statuette of Silenus in bronze.
*298. Cerea(?), in black and white marble; 299. Head of a satyr, an ad-
mirable bronae; 300. Birer-god. in black marble; 302. Head of an athlete,
a fine bronze ; 908. Athlete, in black marble ; 804. Girl loosening her robe,
statuette in black and white marble, a good Boman work ; 306. Alexander (?);
909. Young Faun, in marble; 31&. Draped female statue, in bronxe.

160 BouU '28. MUNICH. Sehack's CoUeetum.

XIII. Hall of Modem Master». In the centre, *338. Adonia, statue by
Thorvaldaen. *318. Paris, by Canova; 319. Sandalblnder, B. Sehadow; 320.
Xapoleon, bust hySpalla (1806) ^ 321. Lewis I. when crown-prince, bust
by Thorvaldten; 322. Paris, Canova; 323. Cupid and Muse, Eberhard; 324.
The Russian Marshal Münnich, JSberhard; 326. Infant Christ kneeling, Al-
gardi; 326. Admiral Van Tromp, bust by Rauch; 327. Barbarossa, Tieck;
328. Raphael (?), a bust in terracotta (end of 16th cent) ; 329. Iffland, a bust
by G. Sehadow; 330. Elector Palatine Frederick the Victorious .colossal
bust, Danneeker; 331. Oeneral von Heydeck, bust by Wolf; 333. Count
Stolberg, colossal bust by Freund; 3^ Vittoria Caldoni, «the beauty of
Albano\ bust by R. Bchadow ; 334. Catharine II. of Russia, colossal bust by
Busch; 936. Vesta, statue by Tenerani.

The Exhibition Building (PI. C, 3), opposite the Glyptothek, in
the Corinthian style , was completed by ZUblcmd in 1845 ; in the
tympanum Bavaria bestowing wreaths on artists , by Schwanthaler.
It is used in summer and winter for the exhibition of works by
Munich artists (p. It25), most of which are for sale.

The ^Propylm (PI. C, 3), a magnificent gateway on the W. side
of the square between the Glyptothek and Exhibition, with Doric
columns outside, and Ionic inside, erected by Klenze, and complet-
ed in 1862, are adorned with reliefs by Sehefzky, representing
scenes from the Greek War of Independence and the regime
of King Otho. — On the day after its inauguration the ex-monarch
of Greece (d. 1867) returned to his native city.

Count *Sehaek'B Fieture Gallexy, Aeussere Brienner-Str. 19
(PI. C, 3 ; adm., see p. 125; fee ^^-^ m.), consists of admirable cop-
ies of the great Venetian and Spanish masters by Lenbach and others,
and of choice modem works. It not only forms a valuable supple-
ment to the New Pinakothek, as it includes examples of artists not
there represented, but is probably the finest existing collection of
modem German pictures. Schwind, Genelli, Feoerbach, and Bock-
lin are here alone adequately represented. Catalogue for the use of
visitors.

Opposite the entrance: *123. Lenbaeh^ Portiait of Count Schack.
SsoTiON L. to the left: 92. RaM, Portrait % 191. Köbel, Egeria's grotto, near
Rome ; 270. JTaiM, The Pleiades ; 212. Max Behnudt. View of Smyrna from
the Caravan bridge -, 79. Bode, Mother and child ; 199. Böheim^ Two satyrs
pursuing a hare ; 190. Böeüin, The sacred grove ; 127. Marshall, Tartini^s
dream *, 145. Morgenstern, Villafranca near l^ice \ 68. Bode, Alpine bride ;
16. Böcklin, Ideal landscape ; *7. /'«An cA, Introduction of Christianity into
ancient Germany; 13. BchMch. The Starnberger See; 5. Führich, Death of

mann. The Hintersee near Berchte^den ; — Sbotioh II. Copies from Titian,
Palma Vecchio, Bellini, and other masters. — Sbctigh III. Spitzweg, 72.
The farewell, 73. Turkish caf^, ill. Serenade, 112. Hypochondriac; RoU-
tnann, 67. Greek landscape, 99. Mountain-lake ; 188. Gerhard, The Alhambra
by moonlight; 29. Neureuther, Cornelius-festival; 36. Kirchner, Verona;
*i04. Feuerbach, Hafiz at the fountain ; 34. A, Zimmermann, Lake of Como ;
*30. Neureuther, Reminiscence of the Villa Mills; 64. Werner, Interior of
a church; 70. Gerhard, Palazzo Vendramin by night; 152-154. Rottmann,
Views in Rome; 49. Feuerbach, Madonna and Child; 57. Zmengauor, The
Kochelsee; 66. Gerhard, Palazzo Moro at Venice; 139. Lenbtuh, Study of
a head. — Section IV. 18. Gerhard, Court of the Lions at the Alhambra;
203. Bamberger, Sierra Nevada; 51. Stange, Piazza in Venice by moonlight;

SehacVi CoUection. MUNICH. 28. BouU. 161

244. Siderowiczy !Niglit-sceae ; 146. Caiel^ Taormina; 87. Kirekner, Piazxa of
St. Hark-, Bahl^ 18o. Old man, 187. Study of a female bead; 105. Feuerbach^
Mother and children at a well ; *36. Bamberger^ Gibraltar \ 58. Miltner^ The
Gosau-dee; 84. Rothi^ Portrait of Willers, the landscape-painter; Bamberffer,
»204. Bridge at Toledo; 205. Scene near Granada; 24. Steinle, Watchman,
— Section V. (lighted from the roof). Copies from Titian, Michael Angelo,
Giorgione, G. Bellini, Sebastian del Piombo, Paris Bordone, Paolo Vero-
nese, and Tintoretto. — Wall facing the cabinets or sections, beginning
opposite Section V.: 44. Steinie^ Violin-player; 69. Bamberger, Lake of
Albernfa near Valencia; 33. NeureutJieVy Madonna; 41. Zimmermann, Win-
terscene by night; 113. Fries, Scene in the Sabine Mts.; 62. Jfeur9uiher,
Scene from ^Hermann and Dorothea^ ; 77. Rotimann , The fountain of Gal-
lirrhoe near Athens ; 8. Wiüieenus, Fancy borne by the Dreams ; 19. Morgen^
stem. Beach in Heligoland; 114. Fries, Scene at Palermo; 132. Wilier s,
Athens: 26. L, v. Klenze, Interior of the Palazzo Buffalo at Bavello;
^150.^. Bess, Thorvaldsen; 12. Ä, Zimmermaun, Golgotha at the time of
the Crucifixion ; 47. Larson, The midnight-sun in Norway ; 87. Feuerbach,
Boman woman; 266. Wolf, Venetian banquet; 86. Feuerbaeh, Children
bathing; 156. Röttmann, Greek coast; 193. Sekweinfurt, Italian landscape;
55. StMei^, Venetian scene; 31. Neureuther, Nun (from Uhland); 40.
Benneberg, The Wild Huntsman; 27. Ludmg , Foreat scene; 91. Sohleich,
Alp in the Zillerthal; 38. Ross, Egeria's grotto, near Rome; 28. Feuerbaeh,
Francesca da Bimini and Paolo ; 195. Drt^er, Sappho on the sea-shore ; 88.
Muhr, Gypsies in the Puszta ; 32. Ueureuiher, Dream of Bezia (from Wie-
land's ^Oberon ) ; 141. Feuerbaeh, Idyl from Tivoli ; 65. Bamberger, Evening
glow in the Sierra Nevada; 39. Miltner, The Obersee; 56. Stange, The
evening-bell; 221. JSylander, Dutsch landscape; 213. Stademann, Winter
scene. — On the staircase : 243. if. v. Beckerath , Burial of Alaric, King
of the Goths, in the river Busento.

First Floor. Room I. Left: M. v. Schwind, 21, 166, 22. Scenes from
fables and fairy-tales; 162-165. Morning, Nooa, Evening, Night; 28. Hero
and Leander; 173, 25. Hermits. — Rook II. if. v. Schtoind: 130. Forest-chapel ;
176. Cavalier in a wood; 112. The Danube; 78. The captive's dream; 178.
The return home; *179. Wedding- trip; 158. Duel by night; 167. Youth
In a wood; 181. Morning-prayer; 174. Crusader's return; 170, 161, 60, 169,
160, 157, 168, 175, 110, iEQ, 171, 177. Scenes from fairy-tales and legends. —
B. III. Copies by Lenbach, from Titian, Murillo, Velazquez, etc. ; Letibaeh,
342. Count Schack, 190. Portrait of the artist. — R. IV. Copies. Then on
the left, 76. Qenelli, Abrahun receiving the promise of a son ; 6. Schwind,
Return of Count Gleichen from the Crusades ; 189. Böeklin, Ideal landscape,
with the journey to Emmaus; Lenbach, 48. Shepherd - boy , 128. Portrait,
218. The Tocador de la Reina at the Alhambra, 122. A Francif can ; Böeklin,
117. Villa on the sea-shore, 90. Old Roman tavern ; 88. Feuerbaeh, Nymph
listening to boys pei:forming music; BöckUn, 52. Shepherdess, 210. Ideal
landscape, 82. Villa on the sea, 116. The shepherd's complaint, 234. Nereid ;
43. Maries, Watering horses; 266. Neubert, Olevano; iOd. A. Zimmermann,
Brocken scene from ^Faust'; 115. lAndenschmitt, The fisherman (Goethe).
On the wall to the right; 126. Bagn, The Villa Colonna at Rome; «100.
(7. Piloty, Columbus; 139. Bagn, Italian garden; Böeklin, 215. Autumn-
landscape, 219. Italian villa in spring, 14. Pan frightening a shepherd;
9. Feuerbaeh , Laura at mass at Avignon , watched by Petrarch ; 209.
Böeklin, Murderer pursued by the furies ; 85. Feuerbaeh, Ariosto's garden ;
17. BöckUn, Hermit; 10. Feuerbaeh, Pietä; 238. Willers, Grave at Ariceia;
89. Oerhard, View at Granada; 00. OenelU, Ezekiel's vision; 53. iTeti-
reuther. Reminiscence of Villa Malta at Rome; 109. Steinte, Lorelei (first
study for No. 11 , see below) ; 217. Lenbaeh, The Vega of Granada ; 211.
Böeklin, The dragon's cave, — R. V. On the left: 42. Fi'etler, Farewell
of Calypso; 138. Oenetli, Bacchus and the Muses; 20. Preller, Leucothea;
*2. Oenetli, Hercules at the court of Omphale ; 131. Steinle, Adam and Eve;
Oenelli, 102. Composition for the curtain of a theatre, *d. Rape of Europa,
*4. Lycurgus fighting with Bacchus and Bacchantes; 11. Steinle, Lorelei.

The Bronse Foundry (PI. B, 1 ; adm. see p. 125), with Collection

Baedbksk's S. Germany. 6th Edit. iX

162 RouU^a, MUNICH. BathhauB,

of Models y in the Erzgiesserei-Str., Maximilian-suburb, enjoys a
high reputation. It i/vas founded by Stiglmayer (d. 1844), and now
belongs to his nephew Ferd. v. Miller. The Museum contains the
original models of all the statues cast in the establishment.

A little farther to the N.W., on the road to Dachau, is the
Boyal Arsenal, with the Military Mtueuniy containing a collection
of arms, banners, and uniforms of the 15-19th centuries (adm., see
p. 125) catalogue 80 pf.). In front of the central part of the buil-
ding are 22 cannons and 4 mortars , including several ancient
guns with elaborate ornamentation.

The^Basilica oiSt. Boniface (JPl. G, 3), an admirable imitation of
an ancient Italian basilica of the 5th or 6th cent. , was erected by Zieb^
kmdy and completed in 1850. Nave 85 ft., four aisles 46 ft. in height.
The sixty-six columns are monoliths of grey Tyrolese marble with

bases and capitals of white marble. Beams of the roof richly gilded.

On the right of the entrance is a sateophagus of light-brown marble,
the burial-place of Lewis I. (d. 1868) and his queen Theresa (d. 1854).
The choir, the side-altars, the spaces between the windows, and the walls
of the nave are decorated with fine frescoes by Hess and his pupils Sehrtnt-
dolph and Koch, representing scenes from the life of St. Boniface and
numerous Bavarian saints. Above the columns in the nave, between the
arches, are thirty -four medallion-portraits of the popes froAi Julius III.
to Gregory XVI. Adjoining the choir of the church is situated a Bene-
dictine monastery, the refectory of which is adorned with a fresco of the
*Holy Eucharist by Beg».

The Botanical Garden (PI. 0,3,4; adm., see p. 125), opposite the
Basilica, contains a large fresh-water aquarium (Victoria Regia, etc.),
i palm-house, botanical museum, etc. — In. the Sophien-Str., op-
posite the Botanical Garden, is situated the Gryital Falaee(Pl. 0, 4),
erected in 1854, and employed for various exhibitions and festivities.
It is 765 ft. in length , and the central part is 75 ft. high. The
Sophien-Str. leads hence to the left to the railway -station, and to
the right to the Maximilians-Platz and Earls-Platz.

The Karlen "Flats (PI. E, 5), the central point of the old town
of Munich, is adorned with the Column of 8t. Mary , erected in
1638 by Maximilian I. from a design by Peter Candid , in com-
memoration of the victory on the Weisse Berg (p. 294), and crowned
with a statue of the Yirgin , as the tutelary saint of Bavaria; four
genii at the corners contend against a viper, basilisk, lion, and
dragon (emblems of plague, war, famine, and heresy).

The Old Sathhaos (PI. £, 5) on the £. side of the Platz was
restored in 1865. The tower, beneath which runs the road to the
Thai (p. 165)) is adorned with 'stereochromatlc' paintings by Seitz.
The gables in front are embellished with zinc statues of Henry the
Lion and Lewis the Bavarian. The great hall contains Sch wan-
thaler's models of the statues in the Throne-room (p. 129). — On
the N. side of the Platz is the *Kew BathliaiLB (PI. 85), a handsome
Gothic edifice constructed of brick with stone facings, "by Hauherrisser.
The facade turned towards the Marien-Platz is 160 ft., that on the

Frauenkirche. MUNICH. 28, RouU, 163

Diener-Strasse 230 ft. long. The central pait of the former, 60 ft.

in width, projects beyond the rest of the bnUding and is sunnoanted

by a lofty gable. Above, on the balcony in fh>nt of the second story^

are four stataesby A, Hess j representing the civic virtaes of Industry,

Thrift, Courage, and Charity. Adm. see p. 126.

Below tl^e portal, to the left, are two tablets, with handaome broa»«
trophies, placed here in 1875 in memory of the natives of Hnnich who
fell in the war of 1870-71. The vestibule is adorned with mural paintings
by Seitz^ in four groups, representing the different professions. The
spaeiotis Cotind/ Chamber, on the second floor, coataias a large allegorical
*Picture by Pilotp, with numerous figures, illustrating the history of
Munich. The MctgiMtratei' Room, on the same floor, is adorned with paint-
ings by ZMdeaseftmil and handsome stained -glass windows representing
the principal branches of civic government, by R; 8H$9. The beaotifi^ly«
carved wooden ceiling, the magnificent chandelier, the tasteful brasen
railing, the fine mantelpiece, aud the portrait of Lewis II. (by Pilotp) are
also worthy of inspection. The ^Representation Room* contains foar scenes
firom the history of Uxuach^hj Sfii$u, Lmdmiekmit, ZimammmM^ vidSaffm^

In front of the Bathhaus rises the *Fisd»br%innen ^ a handsome
fountain by Knoll, the figures on which contain allusions to an
old Munich custom termed the ^Metzgersprung*.

A few yards to the S. £. of the Mariea-Platz is the Ghvreh of
8t. Peter (PI. £. 5), the oldest chturoh in Munich, but repeatedly
restored since its erection in 1170. Of th« original building there
still remains a Romanesque tower, from the gallery of which (p. 126)
a find view may be enjoyed. The church oontains altar-*pieces by
Sandrartj Loth, eto., and a fine organ.

The Kauflnger-Str. and Neuhauser-Str. lead from the Marien«
Platz to the right to the Karlsthor and the sUtion. To the right is
the Frauen^Platx, in whioh stands the —

*Fraaegücüröhe (Pi. E, Ö), or Church of Our Lady, the cathedral

of the Archbishopric of Munich and Freising, a brick edifice (357 fu

long, 131 ft. broad) in the late-Oothic style, erected 1468-88. The

uncompleted towers , 357 ft. high , axe covered with unsightly, hel-

met^shaped roofs (ascent, see p. 125). On the exterior wall, of the

church are numerous ancient tomlnstones.

Ihtksiob. The nave and aisles are of equal height (132 ft.), supported
by twenty-two slender octagonal pillars ; rich groined vaulting ', high altar-
piece with the Coronation of Mary, in xMirred wood, by KnabI, and paintings
on the wings by Schwind. The archiepiscopal throne and pulpit, forming a
continuation of the ancient choir-stall^ are by Knabl. Host of the modem
side-altars are by Slckinger. In the nave is the * Monument of Emp. Lewis
the Bavarian (d. 1347), erected In 1625 by Elector Maximilian I., a catafalque
in dark akarble, with figures and decorations in bronae ; four knights at the
comers act as guardians of the tomb; at Üie side are statues of the Wittels*
bach princes Albert V. and William V.; an admirable brass of the 15th cent,
is inserted in the pedestal . which is open at the sides. The figures ever
the stalls were carved in the loth cent. (13 Prophets and 12 Apostles). The
large Turkish flag on a pillar of the nave (1.) was captured by Elector Mas^
Emanuel at Belgrade in 1688. TJnder the organ is a relief-monument to
Bishop <}ebsatte!, by Schwan thaler '; from a spot here in the shape of a foot-
print every one of the thirty windows of the charch is entirely concealed«

The Prmnenaden-Plati (Pi D, E, 4), situated a litüe way to

the N, of tha cathedral,, is adorned with five statues. In the centre

11

*

164 BouU28, MUNICH. Aeadany.

Elector Jfor Emanuel (d. 1726 ; PI. 18), 'the conqueror of Belgrade*;
to the right the historian Westenrieder (d. 1829) and the composer
Oluek (d. 1787); to the left the Bavarian MiniBter KreUmayt
(d. 1790), and the composer Orlando di Lauo (d. 1Ö90), properly
Roland de Lattre , a Fleming. Gluck's monnment is by Brugger,
Kreitmayr's by Schwanthaler ; the others by Widnmann. From this
Platz the traveller returns by the Weite Gasse to the Neuhauser-
Str., at the corner of which is situated the —

Court Church of 8t. Xiohael (PI. D, 5), erected in 1583 in the
Koman Renaissance style, with imposing vaulting, formerly a church
of the Jesuits. The front is adorned with a St. Michael in bronze,
designed by Candid, in a gilded niche. The transept contains the
^Monument of Eugene Beauharnals (d. 1824), Duke of Leuchten-
berg , and once vice-king of Italy , erected by his widow (d. 1851),
daughter of the King of Bavaria, executed in marble by Thorvaldsen ;
Eugene is represented as a Greek hero, with a wreath of laurels in
his hand, on the right the Muse of history, on the left the genii of
death and immortality; above is his motto ^Honneut et FidSJiii'. —
Church-music, see p. 126.

The old Jesuits* College, adjoining St. MichaeFs Church, contains
the Aoad«my «f Beienee (PI. D, 5), which possesses some very
valuable collections (adm. see p. 124). That of ^Fossils Is probably
the most comprehensive in Europe ; the specimens from the animal*
kingdom are arranged zoologically, those of plants geologically. The
CoUeeiion of Minerals also deserves inspection. The OeognostUs
Cabinet and the Zoologieal*Zooiomiecd ColleetUm have recently been
extended. The Collection of Physical and Optical Instruments is
Interesting, especially to the scientillc. The Cabinet of Coins
contains 20,000 Greek specimens. The Academy also contains the
Exhibition of Bavarian Exports (adm. free).

The Neuhauser-Strasse is terminated by the Karlsthor (PI. D, 5).
Outside the gate is the Karls ^PlaUf from which the Schützen-
Strasse leads direct to the Railway Station. On the right side of
the Platz stands the H6tel BeUevue (p. Ill), which is embellished
with Frescoes by C. Schraudolph. Farther to the N., at the corner
of the Maximilians-Platz, is a Statue of Ooethe, designed by Widn-
mann, and erected by Lewis II. in 1869. (At the other end of the
Maximilians-Platz (PI. D, 4) is the statue of Schiller, mentioned at
p. 137.) The Botanical Garden is in the vicinity (>. 152). On the S.
side of the Dult (or Maximilians) Platz rises the Herzog-Max-Burg
(PK P, 4), erected by Duke William Y. in 1579 , and frequently
the residence of the Dukes of Bavaria. It is now occupied by com-
missioners for the payment of the national debt and a military
academy. — In the vicinity, Pranners-Str. 20, is the Xandtftgs-
geb&ude (PI. £. 4), restored in 1885 in the style of the German
Renaissance ; and at Pfandhaus-Strasse 7 is the handsome building
of the Art-Induitrial Institutioii, or Kunstgewtrbeverein (PI. D, 4;

UaHhor. MUNICH. 28, BotUe, 165

&dm., see p. 126), in the RenaiBsance style; tlie exhibltion*room8,
sale-rooms, and large hall are all worüh inspection. — In the gar»
dens which adorn the Maximilians * Platz rises the ^Statue of
Liebig (1803-187B), by WagmuUer and Bümanny consisting of a
Bitting marble figure of the great chemist > on a pedestal of grey
granite, embellished with marble reliefs and lanrel-wreaths.

From the Karls-Platz the broad Sonnen-Sirc^at , planted with
irees, runs towards the S. to the Sendlinger Thor. At the beginning
of this street is situated the Protestant Church (PI. C, 5), open only
on Sundays during service (at 8, 10, and 3 o'clock). The ceiling
is adorned with an Ascension by Hetnumn of Dresden. (There is
another Protestant church in the Gabelsberger-Strasse, near the
Amalien-Str., PI. £, 3) In the vicinity is the —

8eliwaathalor]Iniov]n(P1.0,ö; adm., see p. 126), Schwanthaler*
Str. 90 , containing models of almost all the works of the talented
and prolific sculptor Ludwig v. Schwanthaler (d. 1848), bequeathed
by him to the Academy of Art.

Farther on in the Sonnen-Strasse (No. 16) is the Oynaoologieal
Institute (PI. 0, 6), a neat brick structure. The Sendllnger-Thor-
Platz (PI. G, 6) is adorned with a colossal bust of Alois Senefeldety
the inventor of lithography, by Zumbusch. To the W., beyond the
Sendlinger Thor, are the extensive General Hospital, the Paiho»
logical Institute, the Anatomy Buildingj containing important ana-
tomical and physiological collections (adm., see p. 125), and the
Hygienic and Physiological Institutes, A little to the W., Goethe-
Str. 45 , is a ^Panorama of the Crucifixion, by Prof. B, Piglheim,
which deserves a visit (adm# 1 m., children 50 pf.). To the S. are
the Cemeteries (p. 166). Near the S. Railway Station are the muni*
cipal Slaughter House and Cattle Market (PI. B, 0, 8), erected by
ZenetÜ in 1876-78 at a cost of 250,000^ and covering 9 acres of
ground (adm., see p. 126). — The busy Sendlinger - Strasse leads
back to the Marien-Platz towards the N.£.

Proceeding towards the E. from the Marien-Platz (p. 162), the tra-^
voller passes through an archway beneath the tower of the Ratbhaus
(p. 162), and enters the broad street called the Thai, On the right,
at the beginning of it , rises the Church of the Holy Qhost, on the
other side of which lies the Victual Market (PI. £, 5, 6). At the
farther end of the latter is the extensive Com Hall [QetreidehaUe,
or Schranne\ PI. D, £, 6), a modern structure 525 yds. in length.
In the Heumarkt, between the Corn Hall and the Sendlinger-Str.,
is the Landwehr- Arsenal, containing the Maillinger Art'Historical
Collection, illustrative of the history of Munich (adm., see p. 125).

The £. termination of the Thai is formed by the Iiarthor
(PI. F, 6), a medisval structure, restored by Lewis I. in 1835.
The pediment is adorned with a mineral -painting, by Paul Wag-
ner and Boos, after a fresco by Neher, formerly here, representing
the £ntry of £mp. Lewis the Bavarian after the Battle of Ampfing.

166 BmUe2a. MUNICH. MaHahttßirehi,

lu the ZwMbtücken-Str., beyond the gate, aire the spacious Catfolry
Barradu , on the hank of the Isar. Opposite them , on one of the
last houses near the Isar Bridge, U aninseription with regard to the
source and oourae of the Isar , designed for the instruction of the
natives. Another inscription beside it commemorates the ^Red
Tower' stormed^ in 1705, by the loyal peasants of Upper BaTaria,
and destroyed by Prince Gond^ in 1796. The modem Ludwigs-
Brücke (PL G, 6, 7), farther on, affords a good survey of the Maxi-
milians-Brücke and tiie Msiimiüaneum.

In the suburb of ii«i, are the FransiskanerkeUer (p. 122),
the Münehener KindÜceUer, Bürgerliehe Brauhaueketler ^ Zaidherl-
keUer (p. 122) and rarious others. The nfarifthllfMrdierPl. F, 8),
or Auar ' KirehCj situated at the S. end, was erected in 1830-39 by
Ohlmuüer in the earliest Gothic style. Contrary to the rules of the
style, the tower rises from the roof instead of independently. The
fa^e and open tower (290 ft.) are constructed of grey sandstone,
the remainder of the edifice of brick; over the portal, the Virgin
by Sehißonihaler, Tesselated roof, resembling an embroidered carpet,

Tbe *8tained GlaM which fills the lofty windows, designed by SchraM-
dolphj Fischer y etc., under the superintendence of ffets. represents scenes
from the life of the Virgin. The altars and walls of the aisles are de-
eorated with carved wood by Sehdnlaub, The many-colonred pnlpit was
executed in wood by JSntr«* from the design of OUmüUer. Beneath the
organ-loft are two memorials in bronze with reliefs alluding to the origin
of the church.

Farther to the S., in the suburb of Gleslng, is the ne^ir Oiesinger
Kirche y a Gothic building erected by DoUmann in 1866-84.

The shortest way back from the Auer Kirche into the town is by
the wooden Reichenbaeh Bridge (Fh E, 8). In the Gartner^Platz
(PI. E, 6, 7), which is embellished with statues of Oariner and
Klenze, is the Oärtncr-Platz Theatre^ mentioned at p. 124.

The *BaTBria and Hall of Fame, or Ruhmeshalle (PI. A, 7), are
situated I1/4 M. to the S.W. of the Karlsthor, at the extremity of the
Thereaienwiese. The colossal statue of Bavaria^ in bronze, designed
by Schwanthaler, measures 69 ft. to the top of the wreath which the
figure holds aloft. It may be ascended, by an iron spiral staircase
of sixty steps, for the sake of the extensive *yiew obtained in clear
weather through apertures In the head (room for 5 persons). The
Hall of FamCy a- Doric colonnade with projecting wings, designed by
Klenze , and completed in 18Ö3, contains busts of eighty Bavarian
notabilities, among them Francis v. Sickingen, Jean Paul Richter,
Schwanthaler, the philosopher Schelling, Klenze, Cornelius, etc.
(custodian's fee 40 pf.). — About ^4 M. to the N. , on the Theresien-
höhe(Pl.A, 5), is a Panorama of the Battle of Gravelotte(adm. 1 m.).

The * Southern Cemetery (PI. C, D, 7, 8) of Munich , outside
the Sendlinger Thor, surpasses all the other burial-grounds of Ger-
many in the artistic taste displayed in its monuments. The new
arcades on the S. side also give it a very imposing appearance.
From the latter the Kew Cemetery (PI. C, 8) is entered, surrounded

Et^fUsh Garden, MUNICH. 28, BouU. 167

by arcades in the style of the Italian ^oampi santi*. The first graves
on the right and left are those of Schwanthaler and Oartner , the
two greatest contributors to the splendour of modern Munich. Many
oth«r eminent men are also interred here.

The Horthem Cemetery, laid out in 1866-69 in the Arcis-
Strasse (PI. D, 1), not far from the New Pinakothek, contains a
monnment erected by the town of Munich to the German soldiers
who died there of their wounds, in 1870'71, and also a monument
to the Fxench. prisoners-of«war who were buried here during the
same period. In the centre is a fine marble *Cruciflx by Halhig,

Enyisons. The ^English Garden (PI. F, O, H, 1, % 3), a park
of 600 acres in extent, originally laid out by Count Rumford, cele-
brated for his experiments regarding the nature of heat, with fine
old trees, and watered by two arms of the Isar , affords delightful
walks in summer. Not far from the entrance is the Dianahad, Far-
ther on is the Monopteros, a small temple erected after plans by
Klenze ; then the Chinese To%Der (caff) and the small lake of Klein-
hessellohe (Restaurant), used for boating. The Milchhäusl and the
Tivoli , farther on , are both caf^s. At the N. end of the English
Garden is the AumeUtery a favourite restaurant.

To the E. of the Chinese Tower is a bridge leading from the
English Garden across the Isar Canal and the Isar to Bogenhausen
(PI. J, t^; Inn), on the right bank of the Isar, near which is the
Observatory (adm. see p. 125). Pleasant walks laid out by King
Max II., affording picturesque views of the town and the distant
Alps, lead hence along the Qastetg^ as the right bank of the river
is here called, to the Ludwigs-Brücke (p. 166).

On the left bank, beyond the Reichenbach bridge, begin the
Isar-Anlagen^ or promenades, through which the road leads on the
weirs across the Isar. Then turning to the right, we enter the
MarUnklause, ascend the steps, and follow the bank through wood

to the Mentersehwaige (eee p. 168) .

The Hymphenbnri;, founded in 1663, and once a favourite chateau of
Max Joseph I., 3 M. to the W. of Munich (cab, see p. 124), is surrounded
by well-kept grounds containing fine hot-houses (numerous Brazilian plants).
In the park are the Magdalene Chapel^ built to imitate a ri^in, the Pagoden-
burff, and the Amaiientmrg^ a pretty structure in the Renaissance st^le.
Restaurant zum Controlor; Caf^ zum Volksgarten. In the vicinity is a
Porcelain Mawufactory,^ formerly belonging to the king, but now in private
hands. About Vs M. distant is the Beer Parity where tame stags and
white deer are kept.

The chateau of SchleiMheim (Be}klossw\ri}i\ Blauer Karpfen;
Traveller's Home; Restaurant zum Berglj V/2 M. from the Schlossl,
a station on the Ratisbon railway (p. 121, reached in 23-30- min. J,
erected by Elector Max Emanuel at the end of the 17th cent., pos-
sesses a pleasant garden, a picture-gallery, etc. (in the lower rooms,
early German and Italian masters, open 10-1 ; in the upper, Dutch,

etc.; open 2-5).

Groashesellohe , another point to which excursions are frequently
made, may be reached by railway in 20 min. Visitors cross the handsome

1 68 RouU 29. BRTTOK. From Munich

bridge over the Isar to (1 M.) the Mentenehwaige (Bestaarant)* The bridge
affords a good view of Munich, with the deep and broad valley of the
Isar below. — Pleasant walk to the OrouTieselloher Brauhaus^ ascending
from the station by a footpath to the left on the left bank (10 min.);
another down the footpath to the left near the bridge, to the (10 min.)
Berw9in (Inn). The chateau of Schwanech ^ erected by Sohwanthaler , is
reached from the Bräuhaus after a walk of V4 hr. through wood \ 'View
from the tower. Pullaeh (Inn) is a prettily-situated village, Vi K* farther.
Other favourite resorts, farther up, are (3 M.) BaiBrbrfmn, (9s/4 H.) BeM/i-
lam Convent^ and (*/« M.) Bbenhause» (all with inns). From Ebenhausen
walkers may reach l^eoni on the Lake of Stamberg in 2 hrs. On the
right bank, about 8 M. above Hesellohe, U the old ducal hunting- lodge
of &rüHW€Ud (Inn), beside which there is a ferry aerosa the .Isar.
Iiftke of Btambers, see Baedeker^* EatUm Alp*.

39. From Mimioh to Lindau.

137 M. Railway (Bairisehe StaaUbahn) in 5V8-8 hrs. Best views to
the left.

Munichy see p. 121. Soon after leaving the station we see on the
right the park and chateau of Nymphenburg (p. 167). 5 M. Posing
is the junction for the lines to Aug8huTg(R. 26) and Starnberg. After
crossing the Wiirm and passing (7 M.) Aubingy the train enters the
boggy Dachauer Moos, 14 M. Brack (1735 ft. ; Marthahräu ; Posi)^ or
Fürstenfeldbruck^ pleasantly situated in the Amperthal^ is visited for
its river-baths. Near it is the suppressed Cistercian abbey of Furst^
enfeldf now a barrack. Emp. Lewis the Bavarian died here in 1347,

The train traverses the Schongeisinger Wold and reaches (20 M.)

Orafrath, with its pilgrimage-church. To the left a pleasing glimpse

is obtained of the Ammersee, with Andechs and the chateau of See-

feld. 24 M. Turkenfeld; 2872 M. Schwabhausen; 3IV2 M, Epfen^

hausen. The train crosses the Lech, and arrives at (35 M.) Kaufering

(1939 ft.).

Bbamch-Line in 12 min. to (3 M.) Landsherg (Olocke ; Sahn), an ancient
town on the Lech, with 6240 inhabitants. The late -Gothic lAeb/rauen-
Jtirehe was founded in 1498. The Rathhatu., which has been recently
restored, is embellished with frescoes by Piloty. — The line goes on to
Schongau, 17 M., see Baedeker^s Eastern Alp», — Another Bhamch-Linb
leads K. across the LecJifeld, in 1 hr. to (14 H.) Bobingen, on the Augs-
burg and Buchloe Railway (see below).

Near (38 M.) Igling the chfiltean of the same name is passed on
the left. — 42^/4 M. Bnohloe (jRaU, Restaurant ; Hotel Ensslin, near

the station), the junction of the lines to Augsburg and Memmingen.

Fbom Adcwbdro to BnoaLOB. 2Ö M., railway in 60 min. to I'/i hr. ;
(from Augsburg to Lindau in 5-8 hrs.). The line traverses the Ledif^dy
the plain between the Wertaeh and Lech, where Otho I. defeated the
Hungarians in 956. Near station Jnningen, to the right, beyond the Wertaeh,
rises the Wellenburg , a chateau of Prince Fugger. Stations Bcbingen
(branch -line to Kaufering, see above). Qrotiaiiingen, Schwabmünchen (a
manufacturing place), We»Ureringen. Tne line then crosses the (?«nnac^,
and reaches Buchloe.

Fboh Buchloe to MsMiciNGEir, 29 M. , railway In IVs hr. Beyond
(2V3 M .) WiedergelHngen the train crosses the Wertaeh and reaches (5 X.)
Türkheim. 12 H. Mindelheim, an old town with 3350 inhab. ; in the church
is the tomb of Oeorg von Frundsberg (d. 1528). Stations Sletten, Sont-
heim, Ungerhauten, Memmingen^ see p. 29.

to Lindau, KEMPTEN. 29. RouU, 169

The train now enters the broad yalley of the Wertach. 46^2 M.
Beekstetten; 50 M. Pforzen, Beyond the river is the monastery of
Jrrgte , now a lunatic asylam. The background of the landscape is
here formed by the Zugspitze (9761 ft.), the Hoohplatte (9837 ft.),
the Säuling (6683 ft.), and other imposing mountains.

Before reaching (Ö4V2 M .) Xanfbenren (2241 ft. ; Sonne ; HirscK),
an an«ient town, the line crosses the Wertaoh, and threads its way
between densely wooded hills. 58 M. Biessentiofen (Post; branch'
line to Oberdorf)^ 61 M. RuderaUhofen; 6972 M. Aiifmig, A deep
cutting now carries the line through the watershed between the
Wertach and the Hier. 69^2 M. Oünzachj with an ancient monastery
converted into a brewery, is the culminating point (2628 ft.) of the
line ; fine view of the Gfinzthal ; to the right Ohergünzhurg, The
Mittelberg, 8/4 M. to the S.W., commands a wide prospect.

The line descends, at first through wood, and then through a
tract of pasture-land and peat-moss. 76 M. Wildpoldsried; 77^ f^M.
Betzigau. The iW«r is crossed. 81 1/2 M. Kempten(2287ft. ;*Atyauer
Hof, Kronprinz, at the station ; *Krone, Post, in the new town ;
*Deutseher Kaiser, *Haase, in the old town ; FromnUet's old-German
wine -room, near the station; *Rail, Restaur ), the capital of the
Algau, picturesquely situated on the Hier, which here becomes navi-
gable for rafts, was a free town of the empire down to 1803. It con-
tains 14,350 inhab., and consists of two portions, the Neustadt, or new
town, on the high ground near the station, and the Altstadt, or old
town, on the Hier. In the Residenz-Platz in the Neustadt stands the
bid Palace of the once powerful Prince- Abbots of Kempten, built
in the 18th cent. ; the 'Furstensaal' contains a series of portraits of
the abbots. Adjoining is the handsome Abbey Church, with a dome
in the Italian style (1652). The most interesting buildings in the
Altstadt are the Rathhaus, lately restored, and the Protestant Church
in the St. Mang-Platz. In front of the Real- Schule is a War Mon-
ument, commemorating the events of 1870-71.

To tbe S. W the town, between the station and the Hier, rises the
*Burghalde , a hill with remains of ancient fortifications (reached from
the station in 10 tein. ; restaurant and grounds), once the site of the
Roman fort Campodunum , and affording a fine view of the Algäu Alps.

— The Marienberffy SM. to the W., most conveniently reached hj Feilherg
and Eggen^ commands a still more comprehensive view.

Fboh Kempten to X7lm, railway via Memmingen in 4 hrs., being the
direct route from Stuttgart to the Algäu, Hohenschwangau, etc., see p. 29.

— From Kempten to Füssen and Reutte^ see Baedeker^s Eastern Alps.

Beyond Kempten the line follows the left bank of the Hier.
Finest views to the left. It should be observed that at Kempten the
engine ia transferred to the opposite end of the train, which now
proceeds in the reverse order. The valley gradually contracts.
Beyond (85 M.) WaUmhoftn (2362 ft.) the Niedersontkofer See
(2240 ft.) is seen on the right, at the foot of the Stoffelsberg (3900 ft.).
88 M. Oberdorf. The line approaches the Hier. To the left is the
green and sharp-edged Grünten (5732 ft.).

170 Bout€29, LINDAU.

95 M. Immenitadt (2395 ft. ; *Kreu% ot Post; Hirseh; Engel;

Traube J with beer-gaTden), & manufacturing town of SOOOinhab., is

charmingly situated on both banks of the Steigbaehj at the point where

it has forced its way between the ImtMnstadter Horn (5050 ft.) and

the Mittag (468B ft.), near the junction of the Konstaraer Aeh with

the Hier. On the £. rises the isolated and picturesque Grünten,

while the background is formed by the Daumen^ the OeiBhorn^ and

other Algau mountains.

From .Immenstadt to SonthofM and Oberätdor/y ascent Of the J^uiben,
the Grünten^ etc., see Baedeker^s £<utem Alps.

The train now turns to the W., and reaches the village of Buhlf
on the Alpaee (2355 ft. ; 272^- long), along the N. bank of which
the line runs. We are next carried through the pleasant Konstanzet
Thalf flanked with green hills^ to (102 M.) Thalkirchdorfy and thence
up a steep gradient to (IO5V2M.J OberBtaufen(2598ft.} ^Büttner),
the watershed between the Danube and the Rhine. At the end of
a short tunnel, just before Oberstaufen is reached, and at several
points beyond it , the train commands striking views of the pro-
found Welssachthal , the wooded mountains of Bregenz , and the
snow-clad peaks of Appenzell beyond. From Oberstaufen to the
Lake of Constance the line descends 1300 ft.

Beyond (110 M.) Harhatzhofen the valley is traversed by the
Renter she fener Damm , an embankment 640 yds. in length , and
192 ft. in height. 114 M. Rothehbach (2319 ft.; Kolb). Before
reaching (123 M.) Hergatz (where peat is extensively dug), we
obtain another view of the Appenzell mountains. 128 M. ScUach'
tera; 132 M. Oberreitnau. The line skitU. the JSoierberg (see be-
low), and then turns towards the S.£. A beautiful viow is now
obtained , embracing the Lake of Constance , on the left Bregenz,
in the foreground Lindau, and beyond it the luxuriant green moun-
tains of St. Gallen and Appenzell, and in the background the
Kamor, Hohe Kasten, Altmann, and Sent is. A long embankment
then carries the line across an arm of the lake to the island on
which Lindau is situated.

137 M. Lindau* — *Batbibchbs Hop, on the lake, near the station,
B. L. & A. 3-4, B. 3 m. *Ksone or Post, B. IVz-S m-; "^Hötel Bedtemann;
Helvetia, moderate^ ^Lindaües Hof^ Sonne; all these are on the quay.
Pension GÄstchbn auf deb Maueb, on the mainland. — Beer at the Krone,
and at the Garden Restaurant next the Bayrischer Hof; Schützengarten,
with view; adjacent, RUpflW» wine-saloon; Rail. Restaurant. — Lake Bath»
on the N.W. side of the town (30 pf.).

Lindau (1306 ft.), formerly a free imperial town and fortress,
and in the middle ages an important commercial place , lies on an
island in the Lake of Comtanee^ about 250 yds. from the mainland,
with which it is connected by the railway-embankment and a
wooden bridge. It has recently come into notice as a summer-resort
and bathing-place. The Romans under Tiberius defeated the Yin-
delici, a Celtic tribe, in a naval battle on the lake, and founded a
fort on this island , of which the ancient tower by the bridge (the

LINDAU. 29. Äoül«. 171

80-caIled HMennumir) is a remnant. On the quay is a Statue of
J^ing Max II. (d. 1864) in bronze, erected in 1866. At the end of
the S. pier is a large lion in marble, and on the opposite pier a
handsome lighthouse (tIow; tickets at the Gostom House, 40 pf.).
In the neighbouring Reichs «Platz is the pretty Btiefuhrunntn^
erected in 1884 after a design by Thiersch and Rümann, with a
statue of 'Lindauia' and allegorical ügures in bronze.

EX09BSI0N8. Pleasant walk on the W. bank of the lake (crossing the
railway -embankment to the left), to the (2'/« H.) charmingly situated
Bchaehenbad (Restaur. & Pension, 22-30 m. per week), with mineral and
lake-baths. Abont 1/4 M. farther is the Lindenhof, or villa Oruber, with a
beautiful park, hot-houses, etc. (admission Frid. free, on other days 1 m. ;
closed on Sundays). Thence along the hank of the lake by TtgeUUin (to
the right the finely situated 8chlo$$ Alwind) and 2ßtten^ to (2'/« HO Wasser-
burg CHÖt.-Pens. Hormtein^ with view-terrace), with a ch&teau and church,
situated on a peninsula. Hence we may return by steam-heat. — Beautiful
view from the (•/4 hr.) ^^oierherg (1496 ft.), which is reached either by the
footpath parallel with the railway, or by the carriage^road leading from
the Landthor through Aeteha^ (Schlatter) to the hamlet of Hoirtn at the
foot of the vine-clad hill. Two inns and a Belvedere at the top. The return
may be made via Enzitweiler (*Schmid's Restaur.) and Stachen (SchlSssl).

From Lindau to Bregenz (the Oebhardaherg, Pfänder^ etc.), see Baedelnr^t
Eaitem Alp».

The Lake of Genstance (1300 ft.) is about 4^ H. in length, 8 M. in
width, and at the deepest place (between Friedrichshafen and Arbon) 912
ft. in depth. Its principal feeder is the Rhine, the deposits of which have
formed a broad «lelta at its influx between Bregenz and Rorschach. The
river emerges from the lake at Constance. This vast sheet of water, with
its picturesque and well-peopled banks, its green and wooded hills on the
S. side, and the view it commands of the distant snow-mountains, presents
a very striking scene to the traveller approaching the Alps for the first time.

The principal places on the lake are Friedrichtha/enj Lindau, Bregenz,
Rortehaeh, RomanMom, Cotutanee, Meerthurg, Ueberlinatn, and Ludtoig»-
ha/en, between which steamboats run at least once a day. On the more
important routes the communication is more frequent. Thus between
Lindau and Borschach (1 hr.), Lindau and Romanshom (IVt hr.), Frie-
drichshafen and Rorschach (IV« hr.), Friedrichshafen and Romanshom
(1 hr.), and Friedrichshafen and Constance (IVs hr.) there are 4-6 trips
'daily. The lake being neutral, passengers^ luggage is liable to examination
«t the custom-house wherever they land; but those proceeding from one
German port to another may avoid the formality by obtaining a ticket
for their luggage on starting. The banks of the lake belong to five different
states', viz. Bavaria, Wurtemberg, Baden, Switzerland, and Austria. (See
Boeder's Stzitzerlandy and comp. p. 49).

30. From Manicli to Salzburg.

95 M. Rauwat in 374-6^4 brs. (express to Vienna in 12 hrs.). Tra-
vellers coming from Austria to Munich should not omit to change their
Austrian money for German gold and silver.

The direct railway to Rosenheim by Graflng presents few at-
tractions. Beyond the (^Y^^O Munich 8. StaHon^ the train crosses
the Isax and reaches the (6 M.) Munich E, Station, where the Simbach-
Braunau line branches off to the left (p. 173) ; to the right, a distant
view of the Alps. Stations Trudering, Haar, Zomeding, Ktrchseeon,
all nnimportant. 2372 M. Graflng is a considerable place, IV2M.
from the railway. Between stations Assling and Ostermunchen the

172 Bouie30. TRAUNSTEIN.

broad dale of the Attd is traversed. To the right, opposite the tra-
veller, rises the Wendelstein, to the left the Kaisergebirf^e. Stat.
Oro8$caroUn€nfdd: then —

40 M. Sotenheim (1466 ft.; * Bayrischer Hof & Grtiderer;
*Konig Oito ; Alte Post; Deutsekes Haus; Railway Restaurant')^ the
junction of the Innsbruck, Mühldorf, and Holzkirchen lines, a
pleasant little toim of 8400inhab., with salt -^ works. The salt-
water is conveyed hither from Reichenhall, upwards of 45 M.
distant. About ^/^ M. from the handsome station are the *Afanen-
bad and the Kaiserhad (both also Hotel-Pensions), with salt and
other baths.

Fkoh Hdnicr to Rosenheim viX Holzkibchbm. 46V2 H., in 3 hrs.
a longer, bat more interesting line than that described above, see Btte-
deker^s Eastern Alps. — Prom Rosenheim to Innsbmck^ see the same Handbook.

Beyond Rosenheim the train crosses the Inn, and passes (45 M.)
Stephanskir(^en^ the small Simmsee, and (51 M.) Endorf (Railway
Inn). The line then runs to the S. through a hilly district to(56M.)
Prion (1745 ft. ; * Hotel Chiemsee, at the station; *Zur Kampen-
wand; Kroniprinz\ Ostermaier') ^ a favourite summer -resort, in
the smiling PrienthaU

Steah-Tramway in 10 min. to 8loek^ the landing-place of the Chiemsee
steamer, which plies to the Herreninsel 8 times daily in 1/4 hr. and 6 times
daily in V« hr. to the Fraueninsel. — The Chiemsee (1680 ft.), U M. long,
V/t M. broad, contains three islands, the Herreninset. the Fraueninsel^ and
the Krautinsel (i. e. ^vegetable-island"). The Fraueninsel, so named from
its nunnery, is also the site of a fishing -village and an *Inn. On the
Herreninsel (9 H. in circumference) rises the imposing *SehloBS Herrea-
chiemsee, begun by King Lewis 11. after the model of Versailles and
lavishly fitted up, but not completed (adm. daily except Frid. ; Sun. IV2,
Thurs. 6, other days 8 m.; see Baedeker's Eastern Alps). The old chateau,
near the landing-place, is now an *Jnn and brewery. The lake is famed
for its fish. The banks are flat; the long chain of the Bavarian and
Tyrolese Alps forms the back-ground of the landscape on the S. See Bae-
deker^s Eastern Alps.

The line skirts the S. bank of the Chiemsee. 59 Y2 ^* Bernau,
Beyond (64 M.) Üebersee, from which a branch-line runs in Yq ^^
to Marquartstein, the train crosses the Grosse Ache. 69 M. Bergen.
About IV2M. to the E. lie the baths of Adelholzen (2100 ft.), well
fitted up and much frequented, possessing three springs, which con-
tain saltpetre, sulphur, and alum respectively.

73 M. Trannstein (1929 ft. ; *H6t. Wiespauer ; *Po8t; Prantl;
Traube; Weisses Bräuhaus'), a thriving place with 4500 inhab.,
re-erected in a modern style since a conflagration in 1851 , is si-
tuated on a slope above the Traun, The town also possesses a
well-organised Baihing Establishment f pens.' with R. 3V2~7 M.),
with mineral, salt, and other baths, and a large garden. The exten-
sive salt-works are situated in the suburb of Au (S. of the town)
on the Traun; the brine evaporated here is conducted in pipes
from Reichenhall, a distance of 25 M.

From Traunstein to Reichenhall via Inzell, a most interesting excursion
by carriage, see Baedeker'^s Eastern Alps.

The line to Salzburg next skirts wooded and grassy hills. To

BRAÜNAÜ. 31. BouU, 173

the S., above the lower heights, towers the Stauffen, and farther
on, the Untersberg (p. 266). Stations (77 M.) Lauter, (83 M.) Tei-
sendorf (witYi the ruined castle of Raaehehbtrg)^ and (8972 M.) Frei-*
laasing (Fockerer's Hotel), the Bavarian frontier, and the junction
of the line to Beithenhall (see Biudeker'a EMtem Alpa), The line
crosses the Scuüaeh; to the right is 8cfUo88 Kleaheim (p. 266);
among trees to the left, as SaUburg is approached , are seen the
white walls of Maria-Plain (p. 266). The SaJIxaek is then crossed.
95 M. Salibnrg, see p. 2Ö9.

31. From Knnich to Linz by Simbach.

148 M. Railway in SllVs hrs.

From the Munich Central Station to the Ea^t Station, where
the Rosenheim line branches off to the right, see p. 171.

Several unimportant stations. 1 9 M. SchtDobeny a thriving village
(branch-line to Erding)» Near (47 M.) Ampflng £mp. Lewis the
Bavarian defeated and took prisoner his rival Frederick of Austria
in 1322. To commemorate the victory he erected the small church
to the left of the railway. 52 M. WSthldoitfPoat), a manufacturing
town on the Jnn, with 2700 inhab., lies below the level of the line,
from which its towers only are visible. — From Mühldorf to Äo-
setiftetm and Plattling, see R. 34.

Near (60 M.) Neu-Oetting (Post) the line crosses the Isen above

its confluence with the Inn.

Alt-Oetting, */« tf . to the E., has a celebrated pilgrima^e-churcb, whicb
possesses a miraculous picture of the Virgin, said to have been brought
from the East in the 7th century. The parish - church contains the tomb
of Tilly (p. 117)^ in the treasury are preserved various precious relics
dating from the öth cent, downwards.

The line approaches the Inn. The broad valley is covered with
willows. To the left, wooded hills. 64 M. Perack , picturesquely
situated on the hill to the left. A long embankment on the river-
side is next traversed. Near (68 M.) Marktl the mountains recede,
and the train quits the Inn , into which the Salzach falls 3 M. to
the S. 73V2M. Buch. 76 M. Simbaeh {^Rail. Restaurant} is the
last Bavarian station. Passengers' luggage is examined here by
Austrian custom-house officers. The Inn is then crossed.

78 M. Braimau (Entej Post), an old-fashioned town with 3000
inhabitants. The late- Gothic Church of the 15th cent, has a hand-
some tower (interior . modernised in bad taste). In the Prome-
naden-Platz by the Spitalkirche rises the *Palm Monument, in
bronze, designed by KnoU, and erected to the memory of John
Palm, the patriotic bookseller of Nuremberg, who was shot at

Braunau by Napoleon's order (comp. p. 90).

Fbok Bbaunau tq Stbikdokf, 23Vx M., railway in 2 hrs. Stations St,
Georgen^ Mauerhirchen^ Uttendorf-Hellpfau, Mattigho/en, Munderfing, Achen-
lohe, Priedhurg-Lmgau, Steindorf (p. 259).

Beyond this, the country is pretty and wooded. 84 M. Minning ;
88 M. Ohemberg-Altheim, The line gradually ascends towards the

174 RouUa2, AMBEBG.

S.£. , and, farther on, affords a survey of the Innthal. 90 M.
Ourten. 100 M. Bled (Lowe) , a prosperous little town (4Ö00 in-«
hab.) on the Oberach and Breitach, and the junction for the Salz-
kammergut Railway (see p. 258).

The line again ascends, affording several extensive views to the
right and left. 108 M. Pram-Haag (two villages at some distance
from the line). 116 M. Neumarkt. Thence to Weis and (148 M.)
Linzj see pp. 180, 258.

32. From Nuremberg to Forth (and Prague),

100 H. Bailwat to Farth in 5-6 hrs. — Express to Prague in iOV2 hrs.;
custom-house examination at Fürth.

Nuremberg^ seep. 84. The line ascends the left bank of the
Pegnitz fon the right bank runs the line to Eger via Schnabelwaid,
p. 95). 2^2 M. Mogeldorf; 3/4 M. from the station the 8ekmau$9en-
buckf with restaurants and gardens, a favourite resort from Nurem-
berg. 4 M. Laufamholz, On the right near (7M.) Botkenbaek rises
the Moritxherg (shady path to the top in 1^/4 hr., vii Roekehbrunn)y
a conspicuous height which commands the plain of Nuremberg and
the valley of the Pegnitz. 10^2 M. Lauf, on the left bank of the
Pegnitz (p. 95; Oertel's Restaurant, at the station); 13 M. Otten^
8008; 15 M. Henfenfeldj with a small chateau. 17 M. Hartbmck
(p. 88) ; the station lies on the left bank of the Pegnitz, 1 M. from
the other station (p. 95) on the right bank of the Pegnitz to the
N. of the town.

Near (20 M.) Pommelsbrunn (Birner, at the station ; Paulus,
Vogel, in the village), a aummer resort, prettily situated at the base
of the Houbirch , the line quits the Pegnitzthal , which here turns
to the N. Scenery picturesque. 23 M. Hartmannshof; 26 M. Etzel"
wang (N.E., the ruined Rupprechtstein and the well-preserved
Schloss Neidstein') ; 28 M. Neukirchen, on the water - shed between
the Main and the Danube.

Fbom Nkükibcrbn to Weiden, 31 V« H., railway in 2 hrs. Stations
Orossalbenhof, Sehönlind , (12*/* H.) Tila0ek, a small and ancient town,
on the Vüty with a late-Gothic church. Then Langenbruck, Freiung, Rötheji'
bach, Weiherhammer, where the Heidenab is crossed, and (31^/2 M.) Weiden
(p. 119).

34 M. Sultbaeh (Krone), a considerable place with a mountain-
castle, once a residence of the dukes of Bavaria. 36 M. Rosenberg,
with the blast-furnaces of the Maxhütte (p. 119); 38V2 M. Alt--
mannshof. To the right rises the Erxberg, with a large iron-mine.

41 V2 M. Amberg (P fälter Hof; Magerhof eis Restaurant, both
near the station), a town on the Vils, with 15,705 inhabitants,
surrounded by a well-preserved wall and moat. The large Jesuits'*
College is now occupied by the gymnasium , a teachers* seminary,
and a brewery. The late-Gothic Church of St. Martin (15th cent.),
with a tower 320 ft. high , contains a tombstone of the Count
Palatine Rupert (d. 1397). The Raikhaus, with its two fine haHs,

STRAUBING. 33. BöuU, 175

contains the valuable arcMvea of the town. The large Prison has
accommodation for 1300 conyicts. The Boyal Small Arms Faetory
employs 800 workmen. Outside the Yilsthor is a monument to
King Max Joseph I. The MariahUßerg^ with a pilgrimage-ehureh,
affords an extensive prospect.

45 M. HUtersdorf; 50 M. Freihols; 55 M. Irrmlohe. 68 M.
Sokwandorf (p. 119), junction for the Eger and Ratis.bon line
(R. 27). Our line turns here to the £. 66 M. Alfenaehwand;
70 M. Bodenvjohr; 76 M. Neubau; 8OV2M. iSodin^p (Kleber, Post),
a thriving village on the left bank of the Regen ; 82 M. Posing,

88 M. Chun (1395ft.; Post; FoycJ), an old town with 3445
inhab,, on the N. outskiits of the Bavarian Forest (p. 183), is the
old capital of the Chamberieh district. Gothic Rathhaus of the 15th
cent. ;. adjoining it the late-Gothic church of St. James (1514).

The old ChammüntUri a church V/s H. from the town, is a late-Oothic
edifice on Bomanesque foundations. In the vicinity is the conspicuous
rain of ChatnereeJt. — Pleasant excursion hence to Sehlos» Runding^ which
was inhabited down to the present century, and on to (3 hrs.) the BaidtUin
12562 ft), an admirable point of view, with some insignificant ruins.

The train now traverses the deep Chamb-Thal. . 92 M. Koth- ,
maissling ; dQ M.^ Ahmschwangt with an old castle and a pictur-
esque church.

To the S.W. rises the finely-shaped Hohe Bogen (highest summit, the
Eckstein^ 3510 ft.), which may be ascended from Ahrnschwang or Fürth in
2-2^/2 hrs. The Burg»taH (32lO ft.), the W. peak, commands a fine survey
of the valley of the Regen, and of a great part of Bohemia and the Up-
per Palatinate. Amongst the woods on the W. spur lies the ruin of Lich-
tenect. — The excursion into the Bavarian Forest may be extended by
descending from the Eckstein on the 8.W. side to the C& min.) JägerhUtie
(refreshments), and thence oonthiuing at the same level via Kag»r to (IVt hr.)
the high-road, which brings us in another IVshr. to Lam (p. 185).

100M.Tiixth(1345ft.; *Po9l; Zum Hohen Bog€n^ at the station ;
8iem^ -ßaiZ. Bestaurant)f a small town with an ancient tower and a
ruined castle, theJuncUon for the Bohemian W, Railway (luggage
examiaed). I)iligence to Lam, see p. 185.

From Fürth to Prague, see R. 46.

33. From Eatisbon to Pajiaaa and Linz.

The Danube from Fassau to Line.

. 140 H, Railway to (73 M.) Passau in 2V4*4 hrs. ; from Passau to liinz
in 2Vb-4 hrs. >- Steamboat from Passau to Linz daily in 4 hrs. (fares 3 fl.
30, 2f fl. 20 kr.) ; from Linz to Passau in 71/2 hrs. : (fares 2 fl. 40, 1 fl. 60 kr.).
The custom-house examination takes place after passengers have taken
their tickets. The check received is given up on embarking.

To (5 M.) Oberiraubling, see p. 119. Our line here diyerges to
the left from the Munich railway (R. 27), and leads by stations
Mangolding, Moosham, Taimering, SUnehing (branch-line to Oei-
i^hoHng, p. 119), and Badldorf to —

25^2 M. Straubing (Schwa/rser Adler; Post; Kraus) j a very
anoient town (pop. 13,100) on the Danube^ situated in an ex-

176 Route 33. PASSAU* From Ratisbon

tensive and fertile plain, the granary of Bavaria. The late-Gothic
church of *St. James (1429-1512) contains some paintings at«
tributed to Wohlgemuth. The GK>thio Qymnaeialkirche (of 1430),
formerly the church of the Carmelites, contains the fine monu-
ment of Duke Albert II. (d. 1397). The Chateau (now barracks)
was once occupied- by Duke Albert III. with his wife Agnes Ber-
nauer (p. 100), the beautiful daughter of a barber of Augsburg. Her
father-in-law Duke Ernest , exasperated by his son's mesalliance,
cruelly and unjustly caused her to be condemned to death , during
the absence of her husband, and thrown into the Danube fh>m the
bridge (1436). Her remains were afterwards interred in the church-
yard of St. Peter, as an inscription on a handsome marble slab in
the chapel records. The Stadt-Thurm (223 ft.), a square tower
surmounted by five turrets, was erected by Lewis I. in 1208,

30 M. Amselfing ; 33 1/2 M. Strasskirchen ; 37 M. Stepfiansposchmg

(on the left the Nattembergy 328 ft. in height, with a ruined castle

and a modern chateau). 41 M. Plattling, where the line crosses the

Jsar , near its confluence with the Danube, junction for Mühldorf

, and EisetMtein. (Excursion in the Bayarian Forest, see p. 182.)

46^2 M. Langeniaarhofen ; 50 M. Osterhofen; 56i/2M. PUiiUing.
The line then approaches the Danube, and follows it to Passau.
On the opposite bank rises the well-preserved ruin of Igersberg.

60 M. Vilflhofen (Ochajj the Roman Villa Quintanica, at the con-
fluence of the Vila and Danube, possesses a Gothic church of 1376. —
As the train proceeds, a recumbent lion is seen on a rock to the
left, erected to the memory of King Maximilian I., who caused the
high-road to be constructed , which between this point and Passau
is in many places hewn through the solid rock.

64 M. Sandbaeh; 69 M. Schalding. The towers of Passau, the
fortress of Oberhaus, and the charming environs of the town now
come into view. Luggage is examined at the station.

74 M. Passau. — Hot«li. «Batsisohkr Hor, R., L., & A. 3, D. 2Vs m.^
^MoHB, B., L., A A. IV2 m., B. 60 pf., both in the Innere Lndwig-Btr. ;
"^Wknzsl ZÜB Sonne, comer of Theresiengasse and Untere Sand, near the
bridge over the Inn ; *Zvn Eisenbahn, near the rail, »tation. — Wine
Saloon : *Z«m Wilden Mann. Schrottgasse. — Beer at the Stadt Wien ; Nie-
dermejfer"» BierhaUe^ near the Ludwigsthor; HeltketUr^ beyond the small
drill-ground ; Pesehkeller^ near the station ; Rosenjberger Keller ^ in the Inn-
Stadt ^ atockbauer'B Biergarten ^ on the Danube, opposite the fortress of
Oberhaus. •— Baih» in the Danube, left bank; also in the Ilz, wanner.

Passau (950 ft), the Castra Batava of the Romans, the capital of
an independent episcopal see down to 1803, with 15,400 luhab., lies
on a narrow rocky tongue of land formed by the confluence of the
Inn (here 319 yds. in breadth) with the Danube (only 264 yds.
wide). The numerous houses, chiefly of the 17th and 18th cent.,
which rise on the banks of the rivers, especially on the Inn, give
the town an imposing appearance. The peculiar and picturesque
situation of the town at the confluence of the Danube, Inn, and Ilz,
and the variety of views commanded by the neighbouring heights,

to Lins. PASSAU. 33, RouU, 177

will amply repay a short visit to Passan, which, with the exception
perhaps of Linz, is the most beautiful place on the Danube.

The Cathedral of St. Stephen, perhaps founded as early as
the 5th cent., was restored in the Gothic style in the lÖth and 16th
centuries. The present structure, in a florid rococo style, was built
by C. Lorago after a flre in 1665 (nave completed in 1684, towers
in 1695), and is one of the most important examples of German
ecclesiastical architecture of the 17th century. The choir still
shows a few traces of the old Gothic edifice. On the N. side is the
Domhof (with a handsome Gothic portal), the restored chapels of
which are worthy of a visit. That of the Holy Trinity ^ with a hand-
some altar and early German paintings , contains the monument of
the founder, Bishop Trenbach (d. 1598). The Heinrichs -Kapelle,
with modern stained-glass windows and gilded carving, dates from
1710. On the E. side is the Chapel of the Via Dolorosa (1414),
with four slender octagonal pillars; by the walls, old tombstones of red
marble. The adjacent Chapel of the Mt. of Olives, founded in 1288,
contains a marble tomb of 1360. — In the Hof' Platz, behind the choir
of the cathedral, is the Episcopal Palace, with a florid Rococo portal.

The Parade-Platz in front of the cathedral is adorned with a
Statue of Maximilian I. in bronze. Opposite to it, on the W. side, is
Xlie Post Office, historically interesting as the place where the Treaty
of Passau (1552), by which religious toleration was first established,
was concluded between Emp. Charles V. and Elector Maurice of
Saxony. — 8t. Paulas, in the vicinity, rising on an eminence above
the street, re-erected in the 17th cent., was decorated in 1852 in the
Pompeian style. — 8t, John^s (Spitalkirche), in the Rindermarkt,
contains a collection of old wood-carving, restored, and placed along
the walls as in a museum. — The Church of the Holy Cross, in the
Jesuitengasse, near the E. angle of the town, formerly connected
with the now dissolved nunnery of Niedernburg, is a Romanesque
basilica with low vaulting, restored in 1860-65. The Maria-Parz
chapel on the S. side contains the tomb of the Abbess Gisela, Queen
of Hungary, and sister of Emp. Henry H.

The handsome Romanesque Votivkirche in the Ludwigs-Str. was
erected in 1864. Facade adorned with statues of Christ and the
Apostles. Interior tastefully decorated. Altar-piece, the Corona-
tion of the Virgin. — Adjoining the church is the Hospital of the
Holy Ghost, with a church and a tavern (good Austrian wine).

At the mouth of the Hz , an important channel for the timber-
traffic, a bridge crosses to the Jlzstadt, inhabited principally by boat-
men and raftsmen, and situated at the base of the Nonffi)erg. On
the summit of the latter is the ^Klosterberg, or Nonnengütl, a
charming point of view, which affords the best survey of the union
of the light-gray Inn , the yellowish - green Danube, and the inky
Ilz. After having received the waters of the Inn , the Danube be-
comes a river of imposing dimensions.

Baedeker^s S. Germany. 6tli Edit. 12

178 BouUda. PASSAÜ. FromRatishon

An iron bridge crosses the Inn to the Innstadt, the ancient
Bojodurum, re-erected since its destruction by fire during the war
in 1809. St. SeverinuB, to whom the church is dedicated, la-
boured here as a missionary in the öth century. Following the
street in a straight direction from the bridge, the traveller reaches
the town-gate, whence a broad path ascends to the right in Y4 hr. to
the pilgrimage-church of *Maria]iilf (1256 ft.). About 50 paces to
the right, beyond the entrance, and a few feet higher, are two benches,
commanding a charming survey of the town, the confluence of the
Inn and Danube, and the fortress of Oberhaus. The church attracts
numerous worshippers. The coloured reliefs in the chapels in the
court are not unpleasing. From the vestibule of the church, which
contains numerous votive tablets, a covered staircase descends by
164 steps to the Innstadt. About V2 ^' ^om. Mariahilf, in Austrian
territory , is the restaurant Waldsehloss , prettily situated on the
margin of a wood.

The fortress of *Oberliaiu crowns a precipitous, wooded height
(1385 ft.) on the left bank of the Danube , opposite Passau. The
carriage-road leaves the town at the upper end, crosses the Danube
by a Bridge (240 yds. in length) , and descends on the left bank
through the small suburb of Anger, nestling under the rock, and
through a short tunnel to the Ilz. The shortest route for pedes-
trians is by the new Chain Bridge at the lower end of the town
(3pf.). On the left, beyond the tunnel, is the Gothic 8alvator^
Kirche, erected in 1484 , restored in 1861 , with groined vaulting
and a series of chapels. Modern carved altar, gilded and painted,
with good imitations of Adam Krafft's Stations of the Gross at
Nuremberg (see p. 92)b

The road ascends to the left, from the bridge over the Ilz, to
the gate of the fortress in 1/4 hr. The ^Belvedere (follow the guide-
posts to the right, from the entrance ; 50 pf.) affords a beautiful
prospect of the town and the valleys of the Ilz, the Danube, and
the Inn. The well which supplies the fortress is 426 ft. deep , ex-
tending down to the level of the Danube. In the middle ages the
Oberhaus frequently afforded the bishops a refuge from civic broils.
In 1809 it was occupied by the French, and the Austrians prepar-
ed to besiege it; but they abandoned their intention after their

defeat at Ratisbon (p. 106).

Those whose time is limited may take the footpath to the right by a
small house before the powder-magazine is reached, and descend direct
to the Ilz and Danube, or they may follow the telegraph-posts to the left
and then descend the steps to the bridge over the Danube. The traveller,
however, who has 2 hrs. at command should descend (to the right by the
second house beyond the magazine) in 1/2 br. to *'Hal8 (960 ft.), a market-
town charmingly situated in the valley of the Ilz , above which rises the
ruined castle of the same name. We follow the right bank to the large
steam saw-milL where we cross by a foot-bridge. About s/4 M. farther on
is a tunnel, 143 yds. in length, hewn in the rock in 1831, through which
an arm of the Ilz flows. On the wooded hill above the tunnel is the
ruined castle of ReHhenstein. The rocks here are overgrown with beanti-

to Linz, FREYUNG. 33. Route. 179

ful \ moas. A footway , protected by a balustrade , leads through the
tunnel. At the farther end there is a long barrier to intercept the floating
timber as it descends from the Bavarian Forest (p. 183). Small inn here.
A footpath on the right bank leads hence to the (o min.) road lying higher
up, and leading to the left to Hals. The traveller follows the road for
a few hundred paces, and at an angle to the right ascends through wood
to the (V4 hr.) "^Inn of the village of Ries. Passau is regained by follow-
ing the high-road for 5 min. , and then descending by a path to the left
to the (1 M.) bridge over the Danube. The high-road passes the convent
of Freitdenheim^ now a school. The shady paths diverging to the left
lead to the Pttblie Park.

The '^Sohafberg is another of the numerous fine points near Passau.
The bridge over the Inn is crossed, and the Linz road ascended to (3 M).
Oattern^ about IV? M. beyond which a road, slightly descending to the right
from the high-road, leads to a house, where there are a table and bench
protected by a roof. A most extensive view is here enjoyed of the Ba-
varian Mts. and the Alps of the Salzkammergut and Styria, with a pic-
turesque foreground. We may now descend to Wemsiein (p. 180).

From Passau a pleasant excursion may be made to the S.E. part of
the Bavarian Forest (comp. p. 181). We cross the llz and descend along
the Danube to the (3 H.) KemmühlB. Here we may either ascend to the
right (guide desirable) to (3 H.) the baths of Kellherg^ prettily situated on
the hill and commanding a charming view [3 M. to the N.W. is the
picturesquely situated little town of Tymau (Zum Edelfurtner)], and then
proceed to (7 M.) Hauzenherg (Post? J. Stemplinger? A. Stemplinger) and
(12 M.) Breitenberg (see below) ; or we may follow the Danube to Erlau
and (TVs M.) Obemzell (see p. 18Ü). At Obernzell we turn to the left and
ascend the valley to 0 H.) Orietbaeh C^Oetzinger), where the road forks.
The branch to the left leads to Hauzenherg (see above). We take the
branch to the right, which runs by (3 M.) Wildenratma and (3V2 ^0 Weg-
tcheid (^Elein; Escherich), a small town with linen manufactories, to (8 M.)
Breitenberg (2280 ft. ; "^Post, with fine view from the veranda), a small
town at the base of the Dreisesselgebirge. The road now descends to-
wards the K. to (2V4 M.) Klafferstrcus, beyond which it ascends slightly
to (2V4 H.) Lackenhäuser (2980 ft.; Rosenberger). From Lackenhäuser
a good footpath ascends in IVz hr. to the top of the SreisesBelberg
(4300 ft.). The summit, which consists of huge blocks of granite, piled
confusedly one above the other, commands an admirable view of the
Bohemian Forest and the Alps. The Mohenstein (4365 ft.), V« ^« distant,
affords a still better view. From the Dreisesselberg we proceed by a tolerably
good path, past the Dreieekmarkstein (4330 ft.), where the boundaries of
Bavaria, Bohemia, and Austria meet, to (1 1/4-1^/2 hr.) the Blöckenstein (4520 ft.),
which is mirrored in the dark waters of the solitary Blöckensteinsee. On
the bank of the lake is a monument to Adalbert Stifter (d. 1868), who has
celebrated this district in his poems. The return to Lackenhäuser takes
IV2 hr.

From Lackenhäuser wenow continue our excursion (with guide) to (4V2
M.) Neu-Reichenau (Hüttenmeister; Back), whence we go on by cross-
roads via Unter-Orainet (Inn) and Kaining, or by the shorter new road via
Fürholz, to (12 M.) Freyung (2154 ft. ; *Pos() , a busy little town on the
high-road to Passau (diligence daily in 4^/2 hrs.). About 3/4 M. to the K.,
On a rock towering above the brawling Saussbach, is the imposing chateau
of Wol/stein. now occupied by the district-authorities. From Freyung we
may proceed to the !N., via the BievhUtte and Haslach, to (6 M.) Hohenau
(2635 ft. ; "^Hoosbauer). Or we may choose the longer but pleasanter route,
which descends by the church of Freyung, crosses the Saussbach, and
descends on the right bank to (4V2 M.) the mill of Buehberg, passing through
the *Buehberger Leite, a romantic rocky gorge; we then ascend to the
right by Saulohrn and Haslach to (IV2 hr.) Hohenau. From Hohenau we
proceed to the N.W. to (6 M.) 8t. Oswald (p. 184; route to the Raehelsee
and over the Rachel to Frauenau, 6^/2 hrs., see p. 184; guide from St.

12*

180 Route 33. SCHÄRDING.

Oswald to Zwiesel 6 m.). The ascent of the Lusen (p. 184) may be ao-
complished via the Sehönauer OlcuhatU in 3Vt hrs. (guide 2 m.) ; descent
Tift Waldhävuer to Bt. Oswald, 2Vs hrs. (comp. p. 184).

The Railway to Linz passes through a long tunnel , crosses the
Inn, and ascends on the right bank of that river. 80 M. Wemttein,
with an old chilteau , lies on a height on the opposite bank. 83 M.
Sch&rding (*H6t. Altmann), an ancient town with 3586 inhab.,
picturesquely situated on the Inn, the junction for the Salzkammer-
gut Railway (see p. 258). In the neighbourhood lies the village
of Brunnenthal, with a chalybeate spring. The line now ascends
the Pramthal. 89 M. Taußirchen; 92 M. Andorf; 98 M. Riedau;
106 M. Benmarkt (*Rti88), the junction of the Munich line
(R. 31); 113 M. Orieskirchen. The line then gradually descends
(to the right a view of the Alps with the Traunstein) by Wallem
to (124 72 M.) Wels , a station on the Linz and Salzburg railway
(p. 258). Thence to (140 M.) Linz, see R. 39.

Steamboat Joubnet (comp. Map, p. 253). The steamboat, far pre-
ferable to the railway , generally leaves Passan at 3 p.m. , and reaches
Linz in 41/2 hrs. Luggage is examined by Austrian officials before em-
barkation (comp. p. 176).

The scenery of the Danube is more imposing than that of the Rhine,
but of a less smiling character, while the intervals between the finest
points are often considerable. The mountains are loftier, and the banks
are generally fringed with forest, or clothed with luxuriant pasture; but
the population is poor and sparse, and there is an almost total absence of
the busy traffic which characterises the sister river.

A beautiful retrospect of the town and environs is enjoyed immedi-
ately after starting. Below Passau the right bank belongs to Austria, and
the left bank as far as Engelhartszell to Bavaria.

R. The castle of Krempelstein, on an abrupt cliff.

L. Obemaell or ffafnerzell (*Po»t), the last Bavarian village, with
large quarries of graphite and manufactories of lead-pencils and fire-proof
crucibles. Excursion to the Bavarian Forest, see p. 179.

R. Vieehtenstein , a handsome chateau on the hill, formerly the pro-
perty of Passau Abbey and now of Count Pachta. Fariher on, the Joehen^
stein, abutting on the river on the left, the ancient boundary between Ba-
varia and Austria. The present boundary is formed by a wooded ravine
on the left bank, a little lower down.

(4 p.m.) R. Engelhartssell (Post)-, near it, EngelsteU, once a Cistercian
monastery, now owned by Count Pachta. The Austrian custom-house
is on the opposite bank; examination of luggage, see above.

L. Ranariedl, an ancient mountain-castle, still inhabited; at the foot
of the hill is the village of Niederranna,

(4. 18 p.m.) R. Wesenufer or Wesenurfcihr, an old town, with an ex-
tensive wine cellar.

L. Marsbach, with an ancient tower, the seat of a court of justice.

R. TTaMihVeAs», a ruin on a pine-clad .rock. The steamboat steers round
a sharp promontory, opposite which is —

L. Hayenhach, or the Kir$eM>autMr Bchlou, destroyed by Emp. Maxi-
milian I.

The channel of the river now contracts to nearly half its former
width , and is confined between precipitous wooded hills , 600-1000 ft. in
height. The scenery here is hardly surpassed anywhere on the river. At
the picturesque village of —

L. Ohermiehl the stream of that name descends from a wooded ravine
into the Danube.

¥>

s

ASCHACH. 33. Route, 181

L. yeuhaus, a handsome cbäteau on a lofty, wooded eminence, tbe
property of Herr von Flank. Before the steamboat reaches —

(5. 90 p.m.) R. Aschaoh (Sonne; Adler )^ a small town extending pictnr-
e(M|nely along the bank , with the chateau and park of Count Harrach,
the Danube suddenly emerges on a broad plain. The Pöstlingberg
(p. 263) with its church, near Linz, comes into view; in clear weather
the snow - clad Styrian and Austrian Alps form a picturesque back-
ground towards the S., and to the right the Traunstein is conspicuous;
but a few minutes later the view is concealed by the numerous islands,
overgrown with underwood, between which the river flows. — The entire
valley, as far as Linz and beyond it, was the scene of many sanguinary
encounters during the insurrection of the peasantry of Upper Austria. In
1626 A9chach was the headquarters of the insurgents, where, as well as
at Neuhaus , they had barricaded the Danube with chains , in order to
prevent the Bavarians from rendering assistance to Count Herberstein,
the Austrian governor, who was shut up at Linz.

[Railway to Wsls, ITi/a M., in I1/2 hr., via Efferding^ Breitenaieh^ and
Eaiding. Wels, see p. 2ÖS. — About i'/s M« to the "S.E. of Aschach, on the
opposite bank of the Danube, is the favourite Bad Mähllacken^ the property
of Dr. Brichta, pleasantly situated in the valley of the Bösenbach and
recommended for a quiet stay (English landlady).]

The ruined castles of Stai{f and Sehaumburff rise on hills above
the river. — L. Landshag^ with a castle.

R. Brandstatt, the station for Efferding, one of the most ancient
places in Upper Austria, mentioned in the Nibelungen-Lied C21st Adven-
ture) as the place where Chriemhilde passed the night on her journey to
the land of the Huns. The village is said formerly to have lain on the
Danube, but is now at some distance from it; the tower only is visible.

L. OUensheim, with ito white walls, is conspicuous.

R. Wilhering, a Cistercian abbey (1146), with a pleasant garden.

L. The chateau of BucJienau. Then the Pöstlingberg (p. 253), pictu-
resquely crowned with a church, rising beside the fortifications.

(7 p.m.) R. Lini, see p. 251.

34. From Eosenheim to Eisenstein by Miihldorf and
Flattling. The Bavarian Forest.

133 M. Railway in 8S/4 hrs.

Bosenheinif see p. 172. Soon after starting, the train diyerges to
the right from the Munich railway and rnns to the N., across the
plain of the Inn. 51/2 M. Schecken; 10 M. JBo«, with an old Bene-
dictine ahbey on a hill to the left. The line now crosses the yalley
of the Attel by means of a lofty embankment, passing on the right
the ancient proTostry of Attel , and reaches near (16 iM.) stat.
Wasserburg, the top of a lofty plateau intersected by the Inn. The
town of Wasserburg (^Hötel Schliessleder ; 3650 Inhab.) lies 3 M. to
the right, on a peninsula surrounded by the Inn, and is not visible
from the railway.

The train skirts the Soyer See, passes (19 M.) Soyen^ and runs
along the steep slopes of the Ncuenbaeh, It then approaches the
Inn, and near the sequestered Konigswarth crosses the river and the
valley, here enclosed by wooded heights , by means of a viaduct
330 yds. long and 165 ft. high. The right bank is now descended
to (25 M.) Stat. Oars, opposite which He the village and monastery
of that name ; farther on , also on the left bank , Is the extensive
inonastery of An. Beyond (281/2 M.) Jettenbach, with a chateau

182 Route 34, DEGGENDORF. From Rosenheim

belonging to Gonnt Torring , the river is again crossed. Beyond
(32 M.) Kraiburg the line quits the forest, passes the church and
lunatic asylum of Eeksbetg on the right, and, near (38Y2 ^0 XaU-
dorf (p. 173), unites with the Munich railway.

The train now runs to the N. (to the right the railway to Sim-
bach, p. 173), and crosses the Isen. Beyond (43 M.) Rohrbach it
crosses the watershed between the Inn and the Rott. 48 M. Neu^
marktj with two late-Gothic churches.

From Neuuaskt to PockinGi 39 H., branch-railway, in 31/2 brs. The
line skirts the left bank of the Sott. Stat.: Hörbering, Mtusinffy DUt/urt,
121/211. Eggenfelden. Beyond (211/2 M.) Pfarrkirchen the train crosses the
Bott. Stat.: Amenkirehen, Birnbach, Karpfhctm. The present terminus of
the line is (39 M .) Pocking, at the beginning of the broad valley of the Inn.

From Newnarkt to Landihut, see p. 120.

About 2 M. below Neumarkt the train leaves the Rottthal, and
enters a hilly district, which it traverses to (04V2 ^O Oangkofen,
on the Bina. At (58 M.) Trembaeh the watershed between the
Rott and Vila is crossed , after which the train descends through
the Yilsthal. 63 M. Stat. Frontenhausen; the village, which pos-
sesses an interesting late -Gothic church, lies 1^2 ^* to the left.
The train crosses the Tils, ascends the heights on the opposite
bank, crosses the profound Seegraben by a lofty viaduct, and
reaches the watershed between the Vils and the Isar, 671/2 M. Qries-
bach; 721/2 M. Mamming, where the Isar is crossed ; 75 M. Pilstingy
junction for Landshut (p. 120). Then (771/2 M.) Landau; the
town, with 3188 inhab. and large breweries, lie« 1/2 ^' *o *^ö S.,
on the right bank of the Isar. — To Landshut (and Munich"), see
p. 120.

Below Landau the train enters the wide plain of the Danube,
and a pretty glimpse is caught of the nearer hills of the Bavarian
Forest, with the Arber (p. 184) in the distance. — 82 M. Wallers-
dorf; 851/2 M. Otzing; 89 M. Plattling» where our line intersects
the railway from Ratisbon to Passau (p. 176).

Beyond Plattling the line approaches the Danube , passing the
isolated Nattemberg with its ruined castle on the left , and crosses
the river by an iron bridge, 440 yds. in length. 94 M. Deggendorf
(1005 ft.; *i^ricdericÄ, R. 11/2 M. ,• Adler; J) asbergerbräu. Holler^
brau, moderate), an old town with thriving commerce and manu-
factures (6200 inhab.). The District Lunatic Asylum is situated

on the outskirts of the town.

The Oeiersberg, I1/2 M. to the X., with a pilgrimage - church , com-
mands a fine view of the yalley of the Danube , etc. — A pleasant ex-
cursion may be made from Deggendorf by the old post-road, througli
the valley of the BöUenbach, to the (9 U.) beautifully - situated Buael
(255S ft. ; Inn)y formerly a monastery. Thence on foot through the wood
to the (1/2 hr.) ^'ffausstein (2874 ft.), which commands a magnificent and
unimpeded view of the plain of the Danube and the distant Alps (Watz-
mann, Steinerne Heer, Dachstein, etc.). — The road leads from the Busel
through the valley of the Ohebach, passes the castle of Au, destroyed last
century, and reaches (9 H.) Regen (p. 183).

About 21/2 H. to the W. of Deggendorf (diligence twie«rdaily in i/s hr.)«

to Eisenstein, GOTTESZELL. 34, Route. 183

stands Ketten (1066 ft.; Po$()^ a Benedictine abbey with a celebrated
school, founded by Charlemagne in 792. Count Armansperg'*8 chateau of
^fffft V* M. farther N., has been restored in the medieeval style by Volz.
The railway from Deggendorf to Eisenstein, trayersing the
Bavarian Forest ^ is interesting to the engineer from the difflculties

which haye been overcome in its construction.

The Bavarian Forest is the S. W. portion of the extensive Bohemian
Forest Mountain», and includes the highest peaks in the range (the Arber
4784 ft., the Bachel 4770 ft.). Nearly one-half of this mountain-district,
which is upwards of i&OO sq. M. in area, and lies between the Danube
and the Bohemian frontier, extending from Cham and Fürth on the K.
to below Passau towards the S., is covered with pine and beech-forest,
much of which, especially in the less frequented parts (e. g. the Bachel
and Falkenstein), is still in a neglected and primitive condition. The
timbez^trade and the rearing of cattle are the chief resources of the na-
tives of the forest, but glass and linen are also manufactured to some
extent. Snuff, to which they are much addicted, is carried about in
small glass bottles made in the district. The custom of erecting boards
on the roadside to the memory of the dead is prevalent.

The line ascends on the W. slopes of the Kollbaehthal for
abont 4 M. , crosses the valley by a stone embankment, tnrns to the
S., and reaches (100^2 M.) ülrichsberg, which lies 330 ft. higher
than Deggendorf. The Ulrichsberg is now skirted (to the right a
magnificent view of the plain of the Danube, bounded by the Salz-
burg Alps), and a tunnel, 530 yds. in length, is threaded. Beyond
this point the train ascends the Orafiinger Thai in long windings,
and, passing through another tunnel (630 yds. long), reaches
(109 M.) GotteszeU (Bräuhaus), in the Teissnachihal (1903 ft.),

with the remains of a Cistercian abbey burned down in 1830.

The large village of Ruhmanns/elden (Inn) lies IV4 M. to the N. —
Interesting excursion (3hrs. ; guide unnecessary; path indicated by yel-
low marks) from GotteszeU by Ta/ertsried, A^slach, and the forester''0 house
of Oedwies (good quarters) to the ^Hiraohenttein (3683 ft.) , which com-
mands an extensive view. About IV2 M. to the E. is the RauTu Kolm or
Klauenstein, with a fine open view to the 8. To the N.W. are the Olas-
hUttenriegel (3430 ft.), and the Predigtstuhl (3666 ft.), in a pretty valley at the
foot of the latter of which is the village of Engelmar.

113 V2 M. Trief enried. The line skirts the forest-clad knolls of
the Teufelstisch (see below) 1 crosses the Ohebach on a lofty via-
duct, and descends the course of the Regen to (118^2 M.) stat.
Begen (1762 ft.) , opposite the small town of that name (Post ;

Oswald), Diligence daily in 2^2 ^^s- ^ Bodenmais, see p. 184.

Above the town, */< hr. to the E. , rises Weissenstein am P/ahl
(2490 ft.), a ruined castle upon a jagged quartz rock, with a restored tower
commanding a fine view (custodian to the left of the entrance). — The
P/ahl, a broad seam of quartz and hornblende running from S.E. to N.W.
for a distance of 60 M., is one of the remarkable geological features of the
Bavarian Forest. The railway-cutting near the bridge over the Ohe affords
a good view of a section of the vein. — About 71/3 M. from Begen lies
the pleasantly situated village of Biscfwfsmais C2180 ft. ; ^Eder's Brauhaus),
whence attractive excursions may be made to (1 hr.) Ober-Breitenau (3490 ft.),
the (*/< hr.) Teufelstiseh (2960 ft.), and other points. From Bischofsmais to
the Rusel (p. 182) iVshr., to Deggendorf (p. 182) 41/3 hrs.

The train crosses the Regen , recrosses it near Schweinhutt by
means of a bridge of one arch, with a span of 240 ft., and then
regains the right bank at the Poschinger Saw Mill near Zwiesel.

184 RouU34, ARBER. From RMenheim

125 M. Zwieiel (1840 ft. ; *Po8t ; Deutst^er Rhein), a eonsider-
atle Tillage, prettily situated in a broad basin at the confluence of
tbe Kleine and Orosse Regen, is a good starting-point for excur-
sions in the Bayarian Forest. In the neighbourhood are the glass-
houses of Theresienthal , LudwigsihijU, Ober ^ Zwieaelau , Ober-
Frauenau, and Buekenau, and also numerous saw-mills.

The Ztoies4lberg (22&0 ft.), a hill strewn with blocks of granite, Vs br.
to the 8., affords a good sarvey of the surrounding country.

The ascent of the *Raehal (4767 ft.) is a very attractive excursion
(4 hrs. to the top ; guide needful, 4 H.). Carriage-road as far as (6 M.)
Ober-FrauenaUy with a handsome modem chateau belonging to Herr von
Poschinger. A rough footpath ascends thence through beautiful woods to
(21/2 hrs.) the barren summit, which is strewn with blocks of granite.
Extensive ^Survey of the Bohemiui Forest and the plain of the Danube,
bounded by the distant Alps. On the 8. £. side a view is obtained of
the dark *Raeheisee., embosomed in wood, about 1(X)0 ft. below us. It may
be reached from the top in V« br. We may reach (3 hrs.) St. Oswald (see
below) from the lake vi& Oitglöd and 8Ulben€Hm\ or return to Franennu
and (4 hrs.) Zwiesel via NeuMtU and (3 hrs.) KUngtabrunn (2690 ft.; Inn),
a high-lying village, V« l^i'» to the W. of which is the Ludteigsstein^ a fine
point of view. If we turn to the E. at the top of the Rachel and follow
the frontier-line we reach, in 8 hrs. , the Ltuen (450o ft.) the summit of which,
covered with blocks of granite, also commands an excellent view. From
the top of the Lusen the descent leads by th^'WcUdhatuer (Inn) to (2 hrs.)
St. Oswald (2650 ft. ; *Brauhaus), once a monastery, loftily and beautifully
situated, whence we may proceed by ReicJienberg to CS»/« hrs.) Klingen-
brunn (see above). — About 4Vs M. to the 8.W. of St. Oswald lies the
little town of Orafencui (Meindl \ Bräuhaus Dresely), in the neighbourhood
of which are the Bärnateinerleite^ a narrow wooded gorge through which
the Kleine Ohe dashes, and the ruin of Bärmtein (open-air restaur.). From
Grafenau to Hohtmau (p. 179), 4 M.

A good road leads N.W. from Zwiesel to Klautzenbcuh and (2V4 H.)
Rabenstein (Inn), and thence through magnificent wood, past the quarry
on the Hühnerkobel^ which yields beautiful rose-coloured quarts, and over
Schönebene to (7 M.) Bodenmaia (2266 ft.; *Po»t; *I>reselev'$ Bräuhatu,
with R. to let), pleasantly situated on a hill. Opposite to it rises the red
SUberberg^ apparently composed of slag, with its indented peak called the
BUehofihavbe ('mitre' ; 313Ö ft.). Vitriol and red polishing powder are
manufactured from the ore obtained here. Rare minerals are also fre-
quently found (good collection at the house of the overseer of the mine).
Diligence to Regen^t% p. 185.

The *Arber (4783 ft.), the ^King of the Forest*, may easily be ascended
from Bodenmais in 2V»^ tun. (guide, unnecessary, 4 m., to Sommerau
6 m). The path leads through the "Riesloch^ a wild ravine with beautiful
waterfalls. (An attractive digression of Vs br. may bo made from the
upper end of this gorge to the Reeheneölden/elsen, with pretty views of
the valley and of Bodenmais.) The bald summit on which is the Arber-
haui (Inn), opened in 1886, consists of a plateau with several peaks form-
ed by a process of disintegration. In a hollow among them is a chapel.
The view is superb, embracing a great part of Bohemia on the E. and
the Fichtelgebirge on the W., while in clear weather the Alps are visible
to the S. From the E. side of the summit a view is obtained of the
sombre Oratte Ar^rtee (9064 ft.; Reftreshmts., dear), surrounded with wood.
The descent to the frontier -station Sitenstein (see p. 186) may be made
either by the Oberthumhof^ the Brennerbav^r^ and BayriMeh - Eitenstein in
8 hrs., or past the lake and tbrough the BetlbaehwtM^ in 2 hrs.

The excursion- to the Arber may be agreeably extended in the follow-
ing manner. Descend the Arber, leaving the Kleine Arbersee below to the
left, by (S/4 hr.) MootMtten, to (1 hr.) Sommerau (Inn) on the Weisse
Regen, and thence proceed to the right to (Vz hr.) Lohberg (*Kellermaier),
a village with a richly furnished Romanesque church, and convenient aa

to Eisenstein, EISENSTEIN. 34, Route. 185

headqnarters for various expeditions. From Lohberg we skirt the base
of the Osser (see below) to (1 hr.) Lam (1890 ft. ; Post), a large village
picturesquely situated on the Weisse Regen^ the valley of which seems to
be closed by the Hohe Bogen (p. 175). Thence on foot (with guide) across
the Seharebene, through beautiful woods, back to (41/2 hrs.) Bodenmais. —
— From Lam to Fürth see p. 175.

TFbom Lohbbbo (p. 184) to Eisenstein acboss the Osskb, a fine
expedition of 6-7 hrs. A path (indicated by red marks), which it is im-
possible to mistake, steep at places, ascends in 2 hrs. to the saddle be-
tween the LiMe or Bavarian Osser (4068 ft.) on the left, and the Oreat or
Bohemian Osser (4210 ft.) on the right. The view from the summit of the
latter, to which the easy path now mounts, though limited by the Arber
£hain on the S., is unimpeded on the X. From this point we follow the
bridle-path (direction-boards) to the E. to the (Vs hr.) Oütelplaiz (3120 ft.)
whither also a route leads direct in li/s hr. from Lohberg, diverging from
the Osser route to the right (guide-post ^Zum Schwarzen See''), and cross-
ing the BesselplaU (4022 ft.). The path continues through wood (below,
to the left, the glass-work Müllerhiltte) to the (IV2 br.) Schwarte 8ee (3307 ft.),
also called Bistriizer or Böhmiscfie 8ee\ a sheet of water 90 acres in area,
lying sequestered among magnificent woods. The open pavilion on the
lake is the property of the Prince of Hohenzollem-Sigmaringen, who also
caused the bridle-path from the Osser to be constructed. From the end
•f the lake we ascend first to the right (a path soon diverges to the right
to the Seeuand and the Gloriett, see below), and then to the left, crossing the
ridge which serves as the watershed between the Elbe and the Danube,
and skirting the (1 hr.) gloomy Teufelssw or Oirglsee (3%0 ft.). Keeping
at first the same level we pass the Berghaus^ and finally we descend to
the glass-work of Elisenthal (visit recommended) and the (IV4 hr.) rail-
way-station of Eisenstein. Or from the end of the lake we may proceed
to the left to the (I/3 hr.) Seeförster (Inn), and then across the Spitzberg-
Satiel (Pens. Prokop, fine view) to the 11/2 hr.) station of Spitzberg (p. 310),
V4 hr. by train from EisaMtein.\

Above Zwiesel tbe train again crosses the Regen , and then the
Kolhersbach by a lofty viaduct, to (128 M.) Ludwigsthal ^ with
glass-works. The line ascends the left bank of the Regen , run-
ning parallel with the road to Bohemia and passing numerous
glass and smelting houses, and reaches the (133 M.) Bayarian and
Bohemian frontier-station Eiaenstein (2260 ft. ; *Rail, Restauranf),
which affords an admirable view of the imposing Grosse Arber
(p. 184), rising to the W.

About V2 H. to the W. lies the village of Bayrisch- Eiienstein (Bräu-
haus, with garden; Oberst, unpretending), and V2 ^* ^ the K. is the
Bohemian Markt- Euenstein (2540 ft. ; Osser; Arber; Böhmei^Wald), prettily
situated at the confluence of the Regen and the Eisenbach. — An attractive
excursion may be made to the W. from the frontier-station, past the Elisen-
thal glass-house and through the valley of the Büchelbach^ to the (1*/« br.)
Scheiben (3647 ft.), which commands a magnificent mountain - panorama
(to the right is the Seewand, see below, which may be ascended
hence by a steep nath in 1 hr.); another, to the S., to the Grosse Tanne
(a large fir-tree, 6V2 ft. in diameter); and a third, to the E., to (V2 hr.)
Beffemik, the (IV4 hr.) Zwieseler Waldhaus (Inn; to Zwiesel 21/2 hrs.), and
thence to (IV2 hr.) the summit of the Grosse Falkenstein (4314 ft.). To the
(IV2 hr.) Arber-See, and ascent of the (IV2 hr.) Arber^ see p. 184. — The
ascent of the Seewand (4400 ft.) from Markt- Eisenstein makes another
interesting expedition (2V2 hrs. ; belvedere at the top) : descend to the
(1 hr.) romantic Schwarze See (see above).

From Eisenstein to Pilsen, see p. 310.

Key to the Flan of Vieima.

1. Academy . . D. 5.
la. Anatomical Insti-
tute .... C. 2.

2. Arsenal . . F. 7.

Baths.

3. Dianabad. . E. 3.

4. Sophienbad . F. 3.
4a. Roman Bath F. 2.

5. Kaiserbad D. 2.
6a.HargarethenbadC.6.

Bailway Stations.

6. Northern Bail. F. 2.
6a. North- Western B.l.

7. Western . . A. 5.

8. Franz-Joseph
Railway . B. C. 1.

9. Staatsbahn . E. 7.
10. Southern . . £.7.

11. Blind Asylum B. 3.
11a. Exchange . . P. 3.

12. Botan. Garden E. 6.

13. Burg . . . D. 4.

14. Burgthor . G. D. 4.

Barracks.

15. Artillery . F. G. 6.

16. Cavalry B. 3. D. 1.

17. Franz-Joseph E. 3.

18. Train . D. 6. E. 5.

19. Guards . . E. 5.

20. Rudolph . . D. 2.

21. Heumarkt . E. 6.
23. Infantry (with Mili-
tary School) C.3.C.5.

24. Cavalry School F. 5.
24a. Chem. Labor-
atory . . . C. 3.

25. Credit- Anstalt D. 3.

26. Criminal Court C. 3.

27. Steamb. Station F. 3.

Monuments.

28. Trinity Column D.3.

29. Marian Column D. 3.

30. Emp. Francis I. D. 4.

31. - Francis II. D. 4.

32. - Joseph II. D. 4.

33. Archduke
Charles . . D. 4.

34. Prince Eugene

of Savoy . . D. 4.
34a. Ressel . . D. 5.
34b. Prince Schwar-

zenberg . . D. 5.
34c. Tegetthoff . F. 2.

35. Horticult. Society E.4.

36a. Commander-
in-chief . . C. 4.

36. Geolog.In8titutionF.4.

37. Musical Society D. 6.
37a. Academ. Gym-
nasium . . . £.5.

38. Commercial
Academy . . D. 5.

39. Heinrichshof D.4.

40. Printing Office,
Imp. . . . £.4.

41. Hospital of In-
valids . . E. F. 4.

42. Lunatic Asylum B. 2.

43. Josephinum . C. 2.

Churches.

44. Altlerchenfeld B. 4.

45. Garrison . . D. 3.

46. St. Anna's . D. 4.

47. Augustine . D. 4.

48. St. Barbara's £. 4.

49. Capuchin D. 4.

50. St. Charles's D. 5.
50a. St. Elizabeth's E. 6.

51. Protestant . D. 4.

52. Greek . . . £.3.

53. Gumpendorf . B. 6.

54. Heilandskirche C. 3.
66. St. John the

Baptist's . . D. 4.

56. St. John's . E. 3.

57. Lutheran . . D. 3.

58. Maria-Stiegen D. 3.

59. St. Michael's D. 4.

60. Minorites . . D. 3.
60a. St. Peter's . D. 3.

61. Salvator (Bath-
haus) . . . D. 3.

62. Schottenkirche D. 3.

63. St. Stephen's
Cathedral . D. 4.

63a. Weissgärber F. 3.

64. Hospital, Gen-
eral . . . G. 2. 3.

65. — , Wieden . D. 6.
65a. Künstlerhaus D. 5.
65b. Central Market

Hall . . . E. 4.
65c. Retail Market £. 4.

66. Custom House E. 3.

67. Mil. Geogr. In-
stitution . . C. 3.

68. Mint .... E. 4.

Palaces.

69. Archduke Albert D.4.
69a. — Lewis Victor D. 5.

66b. Archduke

WillUm . . E.4.

70. Belvedere . E. 6.

71. Auersperg . C. 4.

72. Coburg . D. E. 4.

73. Dietrichstein C. 2.
73a. ArchiepiscopalD. 3.

74. Liechtenstein

C. 1. F. 4.
74a. Palavicini . D. 4.
76. SchwarzenbergE. 5.

76. Police Office D. 3.

77. Polytechn. In-
stitution . . D. 5.

78. Post Office . E. 3.
80. Rathhaus . C. 3.

Oollactioiis.

82. Albertina . D. 4.

83. Ambras . . £.5*.

84. Exhibition, per-
man. of the Ar-
tists' Union . D. 3.

86. Czemin . . C. 3.

86. Belvedere (Pic-
ture Gall.) . B. 6.

87. Harrach . . D. 3.

88. Liechtenstein G. 2.

90. Museum of Art
and Industry D. 4.

90a. Oriental Mu-
seum . . . D. 3.

91. Schönbom Gal-
lery . . . D. 3.

92. Abattoirs B. 6. G. 6.

93. Prot. School . D. 5.

94. Milit. Hospital C. 2.
96. Stables, Imp. C. 4.

96. Synagogue . E. 3.

97. Deaf and Dumb
Asylum . . D. 6.

97a. Teleg. Office D. 3.

Theatres.

98. HofburgTheatreD.4.

99. Opera . . . D. 4.

100. Stadt-Theater E. 4.

101. An der Wien D. 5.

102. Carl-Theater E. 3.

103. Josephstadt C. 3.

104. Theresianum D. 6.
106. Veterinary In-
stitution . . £.5.

106. university . C. 3.

107. Volksgarten . C. 4.
106. Orphan Asylum C.2.
109. Arsenal, Civic D. 3.

AUSTRIA.

35. Vienna.

Arrival. Vienna possesses 7 Railway Stations (connected with each
other by a loop-line). Northern (^Kaiser-Ferdinands-Nordbahn' ^ PI. 6, F, 2)
near the Praterstem (BB. 50, Ö2). Nortk-Westem (PI. 6a, E, 1 ; B. 49) in the
Leopoldstadt, outside the Tabor-Linie. Southern ('Südbahn'-, PI. 10, E, 7;
BB. 36, 40) and ^3taaUba?m* (PI. 9, E, 7; BB. 50, 66) outside the Favoriten-
and Belvedere-Linie. Western ('Kaiserin-Elisabeth- Westbahn' ^ PI. 7, A, 5),
outside the Mariahilf-Linie (B. 37). Franz-Joseph% Alsergrund (PI. 8, C, 1;
BB. 48, 60). Wien- Aipanger Bahn, St. Marxer Linie (PI. F, 6). A per-
functory custom-house examination takes plaee at the Northern, North-
Weatem, and Western Stations. Travellers arriving by railway should
secure a fiacre (p. 189) as soon as possible. The omnibuses are not available
for passengers with heavy luggage. Some of the larger hotels, however,
now send omnibuses to meet the trains. — Stbamboat-passsnokss are
conveyed by small steamers on the canal from the liknding-place of the
largervessels to the Stephaniebrücke, or to the steamboat-offices (p. 190),
where cabs are in waiting. — Porters, see p. 192.

Bsfeels. Interior of tJie City (see plan, p. 196): *Hötbl lupfisiAL (PI. a;
D, 5), Eämtner-Bingl6; Gkakd HdTEL(Pl.b ;D,4), Kärntner-Bing9; ^Hotbl
MiTBoroLE (PI. c; D,3), Franz- Josephs-Quai 19; Hotbl de Fbakce (PI. d;
D, 3), Schotten-Bing 3 ^ Hotbl db l'0p6ba (PI. x ; D, 4) , Angustiner-Str. 4,
behind the opera-house; *Hötbl Munsoh (PI. e), *Akchdukb Chablbs (PI. f),
*HdTBL MBiasL & Schaden (PI. g), all in the Kärntner- Str. (PI. D, 4;
Nos. 28, 31, 24); «Stadt Fbankfdbt (PI. h), «Hatsohakebhop (PI. i), both
in the Seilergasse (PI. D, 4; Nos. 14 and 6); ^'Kaisbbin Elisabeth (PI. k;
D,4), Weihburggasse 3; *Obstebbbichis(!hbb Hop (PI. m; E, 3), corner of
the Fleischmarkt and the Bothenthurm-Str. ; «Baubb^s Hotbl Botal (PI. y ;
D, 4), Singer-Str. 3; Hotel Müllbb (PI. 1; D, 3), Graben 19; «'König von
Ungabn (PI. s; E, 4), Schuler-Str. 10, by the Stephans-Platz ; Hotel Wandl
(PI. n; D, 3), Petersplatz; Goldnb Ente (E^l. t; £, 4), Biemer-Str. 4. — -
Second-class.: Stadt London (PI. o ; E, 3), Fleischmarkt 22 ; Hotbl Klomsbb
(PI. p ; D, 8), Herrengasse 19 ; Unoabisohb Kbone (PI. q ; I^ '^) > Himmel-
pfortgasse 14; Weisses Wolf (PI. r; B, 3), Wolfengasse 3; Babl, Fleisch-
markt 16. — H&teU Garni*: *HdTBL Teqetthopp (PI. v; E, 4), Verlängerte
Johannesgasse 23. with cafi^, in a pleasant and quiet neighbourhood,
R. from 2 fl., A. 40, B. 25 kr. ; others at Pestalozzigasse 6, Neubadgasse
4, Seiler-Str. 11, etc. (Pensions, see p. 188).

Suburbi. I. Leopoldstadt (to the N. E. , beyond the Danube Canal, near the
N. railway - station) : *6band-Hötel Continental (formerly Goldnes Lamm ;
PI. a; E, 3), Prater-Str.7, B. l-2fl.; *H6tbl db l'Edbope (PI. &), Aspern-
gasse 2; "^Ebonpbxnz von Obstebbbioh (PI. e), Aspemgasse 4 and 6 ; "^Weisses
Ross (PI. r; E, 3), Tabor -Str. 8; Hotbl National (PI. «; E, 3), Tabor-
Str. 18. — Second-class: H6tsl SohbÖdbb (PI. «; E, 3), Tabor-Str. 12;
Nobdbahn-Hotbl (PI. d; F, 2). Prater-Str. 72, near the Northern Bailway
Station ; Hotel du Nobo (PI. / ; E, 2), Kaiser-Joseph-Str. 15 ; Kaisebkbone
^1. g ; E, 8), Cireusgasse 3 (frequented by Jews) ; *Batbx8GBBB Hop (PI. t),
Schwabzeb Adlbb (PI. i), Nobdwbstbahn (PI. m), and Goldneb Pfau
(PI. »), all in the Tabor-Str. (PI. B, 2, 3; Nos. 39, 11, 47, 10) ; Hotel Gabni

188 Route 35. VIENNA Besiauraras.

Athbnbs (PI. p), Prater-Str. 36; Deütschbb Hop (PI. g; E, P, 2), Grosse
Stadtgutgasse23. — II. Laadstrasse (to the£.) : Hotel Hukgabia (PI. a; F,3),
Prager-Straase 13; Goldnb Bibn (PI. 6), and Rothbb Hahn (PL d), both
in the Haupt-Str. (31, 40); Hotel Naoleb, Rennweg 69; Goldspimnbbin,
Ungargasse 2; Goldnbb Adleb (PI. «; F, 3), Radetzky-Str. 5. — IV.
Wieden (S. side) : Hotel Victobia (PI. /; D, Ö), Favoriten-Str. 11 ; Gold-
NES Kbeuz (PI. g)y Dbei Kbonen 0?1. A), Goldhes Lakh (PI. 0, Stadt
(Edenbcbq (PI. *), Stadt Tbiest (PI. I), Zillingeb (PI. w), all in the
Haupt-Str. (PI. D, 5; Nos. 20, 13, 7, 9, 14, 25). — VI. Kariahilf (S.W. side):
Enolischbb Hof (PI. n ; B, 2), Hotel Kuhmeb (PI. o; C, 6), 'Goldnes Kbeuz
(PI. p ; B, Ö), all in the Mariahilfer Haupt-Str. (Nos. 81, 71a, 99). — VU.
Neubau (W. side): ^Hötel Höllek (PI. g; C, 4), Burggasse 2, with good
restaurant. — VIII. Josephstadt (W. side): ^Hotel Hamheband (PI. «; 0,3),
Florianigasse 8, near the Burgring. — IX. Alsergrund (N. W. side) : '"Uniok
(PI. u ; C, 1), Kussdorfer-Str. 23 ; Bbllevue , opposite the Fraoz-Joseph-
Station. — At Fünfhaus: Fuchs (PI. r; A, 5, 6), Schönbrunner-Str. 12 ; Holz-
WABTH (PI. w ; A, 6), Schönbrunner-Str. 28 ; Wimbbbobb, Fünf hauser Neubau-
Gürtel 34. — At Rndolfaheim : Sohwendbb (PI. ;r ; A, 6), Schönbrunner-Str. 3.
— At Hemala: Stadt Fbankfubt, Ottakringer-Str. 7. — AtSftbling: ZOobr-
NiTz's Casino (p. 192), Schwarzer Adler (No. 88), both in the Haupt-Str.,
near the tramway-terminus. — Hotel on the Eahlenbebo, see p. 246.

Charges at the first-class hotels: R. 1 fl. and upwards, L. ÖO-oO kr., A.
40-50 kr., small portion of coffee and bread 50-90 kr. ; at the smaller hotels
and those in the suburbs about one-fourth less. It is advisable to inquire
the charge of the room first assigned to the traveller, in order that a less
expensive one may be obtained if necessary. The table d^hote system is
only in vogue at a few of the Vienna hotels ; but the traveller may dine
at any hour ä la carte or ä prix fixt (2-2i|8 fi. and upwards). Most of the
hotels have plainer rooms on the ground-floor, where dinner (equally good)
may be obtained at a more moderate rate than in the large dining-room on
the first floor. For a long stay visitors are received en pension.

Fees usual at the principal hotels : Chambermaid for 3-4 days V« fl*;
for a week 1 fl. ; boots 20 kr. per day, 1 fl. per week ; porter for carrying
luggage to and from the fiacre 20-40 kr. ; waiters at each meal 6-20 kr.;
concierge 50 kr. — Where service is charged in the bill, only the concierge,
boots, and porter expect gratuities.

Pensions: Frau Schwarz^ Frau Ban/ort, Universitäts-Str., 4 and 6;
Frau Lejeune^ Maximilians - Platz 4; Frau Fischer, Landesgerichts-Str. 18;
/'ra«i9«dmi0a{d, Eolinga8se4; Fräulein von Bagi, Schwarzspanier-Strasse 6.

Private Apartments may be obtained in any part of the town without
difficulty, from 20 fl. per month ^ipwards, and for a prolonged stay are
preferable to a hotel. Application may be made to the Wohnungs-Bureau,
Kärntner-Ring 3. The ^Hausmeister**, who opens the door at night, receives
a fee of 10 kr. (20-30 kr. for a party, or when the hour is very late).

Restaurants. Besides the above-mentioned hotels (dinner-hour 12-5,
supper after 7): *Breying A 8öhne^ Graben 10, entrance from the Spiegel-
gasse 2 (D. from 2 fl.); Maul, Reichsrath-Str. 15; BrHt, Reichsrath-Str. 3;
*E, Sacher, Augustiner-Str. 4 and in the Prater (D. 8 or 5 fl.); iZeicAmoM»,
Augustiner-Str. 8; "Leidinger, Kärntner^tr. 61; *Jos. Schneider, Schotten-
bastei 3; * Rother Igel, Wildpretmarkt 3, with entrance from the Tueh-
lauben; Winternit». Adlergasse 1; *Qoldne Kugel, am Hof; Rämiseher
Kaiser, Renngasse 1; Schitrich, Favoriten-Str. 17, with garden; Zum Wein'
garten, Getreidemarkt 5, near the Theater an der Wien.', Zum Siedhof, Wicken-
burggasse 15. Refreshment-rooms at the N., N.W., W., the Franz- Joseph^s,
the Aspang, the 8., and the 'Staats** railway-stations. — Beer (generally
excellent ;/krüger = V« litre» 'seider, or glass, = V« ^**"' 'schnitt' =s V«
krügel ; 'pfiff* =? y« Seidel) is the usual beverage at the following houses : *^«r
Orossen Taibaksp/eife, Goldsehmiedgasse 9, at the Stephans-Platz ; ^JfteAaslsr
Bierhaus, Michaeler-Platz 6; ''Zum Lothringer, Kohlmarkt 24; Wieninger^
Naglergasse 1, near the Graben (also good wine ; D. from 1 fl.) ; Zum AUe»
Küb/uss, Tuchlauben 10; Fiedler, Kämtner-Str. 35; *J>rei Raben, Raben-
platz 1 and Rothgasse 12; *Blumenstoek, Ballgasse 6; * Lehner (handsome
room ; garden), Rothenthurm-Str. 12 ; Winterbierhaus, Landskrongasse 3\

Fiacres. VIENNA. 35. Route. 189

Spatenbräu (handsome room), Lobkowitz-Platz 1: Stadt Bränn^ Auguätiner-
Strasse 12; Protiviner Bierhalle, Wallnei^Str. 2; Bazar, Seitzergasse 6.
The following are all in or near the Bing-Str. : *Dreher, Operngasse 8 (D.
from 11(2 fl.)i Gattte, Johannesgasse 12; Wüthalm, Eärntner-Bing 10; Bött-
riegl, Babenberger-Str. 5; Wieninger, Universitäts - Str. 9; BeUaria, Bel-
laria-Str. 12; Krieehke, Kolowrat- Bing 1; Atubaeher Bierhalle, Teinfalt-
Btrasse 10 and Franzens-Bing ; Hiebauer, in the Augarten (p. 219). Dreher""»
Bierhalle at Landstrasse, Haupt-Str. 97, ZobeVe, outside the Mariahilf Line,
etc., have large gardens. (Some of the Viennese dishes have peculiar names,
e. g. ^Gulias", Hungarian baked meat, peppered; ^Papricahahner, fowl
prepared in a similar way ; ' Jungfembraten\ roast pork with juniper^berries ;
^Marine-Braten", ^Ofener Braten\ ^Husaren-Braten", varieties of stewed beef;
'Fisolen", beans; *Carvior, cauliflower; 'Kren", horse-radish ; 'Aspic", jelly;
'Bisibisi", rice and peas; 'Minestra", soup with rice and cauliflower.)

Wine. *E. Sacher, Augustiner-Str. 4 ; *Schneider, Bothenthurm-Str. 31 ;

* Stefanskeller, Stephans-Platz 2 (D. from 3 fl.) ; Zur Schnecke (old-German
room), PetersplatB; Obenaut, Kölnerhofgasse 2 ; *Franner, Kämtnergasse 8;

* Vater"» Weinstube, Blumenstockgasse 5, moderate charges. These are also
restaurants. At Tommasont's (Dalmatian and Tyrolese wine), WoUzeile 12,
cold viands only are supplied. — The best white Austrian wines are Weid-
linger, Oumpoldskirehener, Vöslauer, Setzer, and Mailberger; the best red
is Vöslauer. White Hungarian wines: Rtuter, Neszmelyer, Bzegszarder,
Sehomiauer, Tokayer; red, Erlauer, Ofener and Carlowitzer. The cheapest
Hungarian wine is procured at the Esierhcup- Keller (in the Haarhof),
open 11-1 and 6-7 o"clock, frequented by all classes, although dark and
uninviting ; also at the Schottenhof. Dalmatian wine at the Keller, Kagler-
gasse 18. Spanish wines at the Bodega», Kärntner-Bing 14 and Kolowrat-
Bing 14. — The Viennese generally drink their wine mixed with soda-
water (syphon 10-20 kr.). The ordinary table -wine is known as Marker
(•. e. Markersdorfer). 'Ein Achtel gespritzt" means Vs ^i^'® of table-wine
with Vs li*r« of soda-water; 'doppelt" or 'voll gespritzt" means with
twice the quantity of soda-water.

Oaf 68. "^Cafi de V Europe, Stephans-Platz 8; *Schrangl, Graben 29;
Wortner, Goldschmiedgasse 8; Pucher, Kohlmarkt 10; Oriensteidl, Schaufler^
gasse 2; Saenzeh, Tuchlauben 11-; JunguHrth, Benngasse 19; '^ Central, at
Uie comer of the Herrengasse and Strauchgasse; Ptru», Neuer Markt 4 and
Kärntner- Str. 24; C<nfä de VOpira, Bauer, Bock, all in the Opern-Bing
(Kos. 4, 3, 23); *Scheidl, Wallfischgasse 1 ; Cor»o, Frohner, Kremser, Sperrer,
all in the Kärntner-Bing (Kos. 2, 16, 8, 7) ; Ferlis, Kolowrat-Bing 2 ; Beuer-
Mn, Krippel, Park-Bing (2, 10); Landtmann, Franzens-Bing 14; *Areadei^
Oafi, Qrülparzer, Union, Auböck, all in the Beichsrath - Str. (31, 26, 28,
11); Machanek, Volksgartenstrasse; Cafi de France, Germania, Mendl,
Schüzswald, Lloyd, Ostermayer, all in the Schotten-Bing (4, 9, 18, 18. 19,
90); Mitrcpole, Franz -Josephs -Quai 19, and many others. The cafes in
the Volksgarten (pp. 191, 201) and Stadtpark (the Cur»alon, much frequented
on summer-evenings; concerts in winter on Sun. and Thurs., see p. 216).
— At Leopoldstadt: Stierböck, Puhrmayer, Donau, Licht, Sillebrand, all in
the Prater-Str. (Kos. 6, 8, 10, 50, 67). — Glass or cup of coflFee 12-20 kr.
(with milk, 'melange" ; with more coffee than milk, 'Gapuziner" ; with more
milk, 'mehr weiss"); rolls 2 kr. each, waiter ('Zahlmarqueur") 2-6 kr. —
Jee» (20-80 kr.) to be had at most of the caf^s ; Bottled Beer at many.

Oonfeetionera. ^Demel, Michaeler-Platz 3, excellent ices ('Gefrornes")
of every description ('Bibisel", currant; 'Weinscharl", barberry; 'Diemdln",
cornelian-cherry; 'Agras", gooseberry; 'Marillen", apricot; 'Obers", cream;
'Sehmankerl" resembles vanilla-ice); Wiederer, Bognergasse 11; *Ehrlieh,
Bothenthurm-Str. 22; *Oer»tner, Kärntner-Str. 12; * Schelle, Kärntner-Bing 53
and Keuer Markt 5; Of romer, Kolowrat-Bing 14 and Tuchlauben 23; Ull-
mann"*» Söhne, Sechshaus Haupt-Str. 19. Chocolate: Jordan de Timäu»,
Freisingergasse 6; Cabo», Kärtner-Str. 37 and Prater-Str. 50.

Fiacre«. The following charges are from the Tabiff of 1874: — By time.
Two-hor»e earr. ('fiacre" s 1-4 pers.) per drive within the Lines , excluding the
Prater, 1 fl. for the first V« hr., Va A« for each additional V« br. — One-hor»e carr.
('comfortable" ; 1-3 pers.) for the first 1/4 hr. 50, for the first 1/2 br. 60, for each

190 Route 35, VIENNA. Omnibusei,

additional V« hr. 20 kr. — Beyond the lines no fixed charges. For waiting
Y« fl. per y« hr. for a two-horse, 20 kr. per V« !»'• for a one-horse carr. -^
At night (ll p.m. to 7 a.m.) fares one^half higher. — Fixed charges for
the following drives : From any point within the Lines to any part of the
Prater as far as the Swimming Baths in the Danube and the second
'Rondean\ to the Arsenal, Oaudenzdorf, Meldung, Fänfhaus, Sechshaus,
Budolfsheim, ll^eu-Lerchenfeld, Ottakring, Hemals, Währing, Weinhans,
Ober-Döbling, and Simmering, 2 fl. with two, 1 fl. 20 kr. with one horse.
To Schönbrunn, Hietzing, Penzing, Bombach, G-ersthof, Unter-Dobling, or
Zwischenbrücken 2 fl. SO with two, 1 fl. 60 kr. with one horse \ to Hetzen-
dorf, Neuwaldegg, Grinzing, Lainz, Speising, St. Veit, Hacking, Banm-
garten, Breitensee, Altmannsdorf, Pötzleinsdorf, Heiligenstadt , Central
Cemetery, Nussdorf, Floridsdorf, Sievering, Lusthaus, Freudenau, and steam-
boat-quay in the Prater 3 fl. or 2 fl. 20 kr. Waiting charged for as above .
If the carriage be used for returning, the return-fare is charged by time :
50 kr. per V« b^* ^or two horses, 20 kr. per V« l^'* for one horse. At
night, fares one-half higher, as above. — To and from the railway-stations
IVs or 1 fl. ^ at night 2 fl. 20 or 1 fl. SO kr. Luggage in the vehicle free,
on the outside 40 or 90 kr. each package. The driver expects a small gratuity.

Omiubusas within the Lines 12 kr., without respect to distance i prin-
cipal starting-point the Stephans-Platz, whence also omnibuses run to the
railway-stations (12 kr. , those at a quicker pace 15 kr.). The latter usu-
ally start every 5-10 min. •, those to the 8. and W. stations take 25-90 min.
for the journey. The traveller should therefore be at the Stephans-Platc
1 hr. before the departure of the train. The ^Correspondence System* (see
below) has been introduced in the lines of the VUnna General Omnibu»
Company (English) which run from the Bingstrasse through the inner town
(6 kr.) to the toll-gates (6 kr.), from the Stephansplatz to the toll-gates
(9 kr.), the suburbs (12 kr.) and to Hietzing and Schönbrunn (16kr.)> (>mni-
buses may be hired to go to and from the stations 0-i fl. ; telegraph to the
manager of the company, Stephansplatz 8). — Stands: for the Arsenal
(12 kr.). Verlängerte Kärntner-Str. •, Döbling (in V«*^*"-» 12 kr.), Freyung,
Am Hof, and Wieden Haupt-Str. 52-, Domhaeh (>/4 hr., 20 kr.). Am Hof-,
ÖerrtÄo/' (20 kr.), Wipplinger-Str. ; Orinzing (*fAhr., 20 kr.), Hof; Heiligen-
stadt (15 kr.), Hof; Hieteing (B,n^ SeMnbrunn ; 15 kr., after 10 p.m. 20 kr.),
IKeuer Harkt, Peter, Stephans-Platz; Klostemeufmrg (IV« hr., 40 kr.),
Juden-Platz; Meidling (12 kr.), Stephans - Platz and Praterstem; Neu-
Urchen/eld (12 kr.), Stephans-Platz ; Neu- Waldegg (1 hr., 20 kr.), Hof; Nues-
dorf (26 kr.), Hof; Ottakring (12 kr.), Hof; Penzing (V« hr., 15 kr.). Hoher
Markt and Praterstern ; i'ifftWesnielot*/ (25 kr.), Hohenstaufengasse ; Währing ^
Weinfiaue , and Cottage- Verein (12 kr.), Hohenstaufengasse and Praterstem.
The omnibuses begin running at 6 a.m. (in winter 7 a.m.), and cease at
10 p.m. (in winter 9 p.m.). Smoking-coup^s are provided.

Tramway, with good cars (coup^ for smokers), open in summer,
round the interior of the city, by the Bing-Strasse and the Franz-Josephs-
Quai and across the Aspembräcke, to the Praterstern (S. and N.W. Railway
Stations), and thence on the one side to the Municipal Baths and on the other
to the Lagerhaus, every 6-10 min. (fare 8kr.). Also to Döbling, Hernals, Fünf-
haus, Budolfsheim, Simmering, Währing, Weinhaus (fare 10 kr.). To Penzing
and Dombach 15 kr. (from the Mariahilf and Hemals Line 10 kr.). From the
Schwarzenberg-PIatz to the Central Cemetery 20 kr. If the tramway-car
does not go in the direct route to the passenger's destination, the may apply
to the conductor for a ^correspondence^ ticket with the line which will
convey him thither, and ask to be set down where the two lines cross (no
additional payment). A blue lamp on a car signifies that it is the last
for the day on that route. — The cars of the Ifew Tramway Company ply
on the Ouriel'Straue (see p. 196) from the Meidling Station to Döbling
every 7-10 min. (10 kr.). Branch-lines diverge from the Neulerchenfeld^
Linie to Alt-Ottakring, from the Westbahn-Linie to Breitensee, and from
the Währinger Linie to the Schotten-Bing.

BtoambMits. Office on the Danube Canal, beyond the Badetzky Bridge,
Dampfschiff-Str. 2 (PI. F, 8). As the larger steamers cannot enter the
canal, passengers are conveyed to them by small steamboats. Those for

Theatres. VIENNA. 35. Boute. 191

Linz (EL 38) start from the Stephanie Bridge, by the Franz-Josephs-Quai,
those for Pest (B. 63) from a quay below the Aspembrücke, near the
steamboat-offices. Other small steamers CJiouehe**) ply every V2 bi'* ^^^ the
forenoon and every 1/4 hr. in the afternoon to the Schiittel in the Prater
(fare 10 kr.).

Fost-Offlee (PI. 78; E, 3), Postgasse 10, open 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. Branch-
offices in the Inner City, Habsburgergasse 9, Seilerstätte 22, Franz-
Josephs Quai (Esslinggasse 4), Mazimilian-Str. 4, Kämtner-Bing 3, Hino-
riten-Platz 9, Ifibelungengasse 6 (Schiller-Platz), SchottenRing 16 und 19,
Börsen -Platz 1, in the Town Hall, the Belchsrathsgebäude , and at
all the railway-stations. Letter to any part of Vienna 3 kr., to Austria
t>r Germany 5 kr. ; post card 2 kr. — There are also several offices for
sending dispatches to different parts of the city by I^ieutnatie Tube Pott (in
the inner town, Börsen-Platz 1, Fleischmarkt 19, Kärntner-Ring 3, Schotten-
Ring 16 6 19; letters 15 kr., cards 10 kr., cards with prepaid answer 20 kr.).
The letter-boxes for the pneumatic post are painted red and are smaller
than the ordinary ones, which are painted yellow.

Telegraph. Central Office (PI. 97 a; D, 3), Börsen -Platz 1. Branch-
offices: Fleischmarkt 19, Habsburgergasse 9, Kärntner -Bing 3, Schotten-
Ring 16 & 19, Tabor-Str. 27 ; also in the suburbs. — The Private Telegraph
Co. for Vienna (20 words for 25 kr.) and the environs has branch-offices
in all the principal streets. It also forwards dispatches to any of the
government telegraph-stations. Telegrams are sent from all the branch
post-offices.

Police Office (PI. 76; D, 3), Schotten-Ring 18 (night-entrance by the
Hohenstaufengasse). District Offices in the different sections of the city
and in the suburbs of Ottakring, Währing, Döbling, Floridsdorf, Meidling,
and Sechshaus.

Theatres. Performances begin at 7 o'clock. A fee of Vs-l fi- is charged
for booking seats beforehand. The charge for each article left in the
cloak-room is 10 kr. Imperial Theatres : Opera (PI. 99 ; D, 4), closed in
June, operas and ballet only.; stalls (parquet) 2-6, best boxes 4-5. best par-
terre-seats 2-3 fl., others in proportion (prices 50 p.c. higher lor Italian
operas). Hofburg Theatre (PI. 96; D, 4), closed from Ist July to 16th Aug.,
tragedy, comedy, and classical dramas; stalls 3-4, boxes IVz^i reserved
parterre-seats 2 Ü. — Private Theatres : TheaUr an der Wien (PI. 101 ;
D , 6), dramas, comedies, operettas, etc. ; boxes, orchestrarstalls. or dress-
circle 3, parquet 21/2 fi- Carl- Theater, in the Leopoldstadt (PI. 102; E, 3);
best boxes 3-4, dress-circle and stalls 21/7-3 fl. Josephstadt- Theater (PI. 106 ;
G, 3), popular plays and farces, pit IV2-2 fl. — During winter popular per-
formances are given on Sun. afternoons at reduced prices. Tickets for
popular performances are bought up to a large extent by speculators.
Those who make a long stay in Vienna will find it convenient to possess
Gutman^s (Opemgasse) guide to the seats in the various theatres (^Logen-
und Sitzeintiieilung sämmtlicher Theater** ; 60 kr.). — Summer Theatres :
Volks-Theater, in the Prater (seats 80 kr.-2 fl.) ; Third Qafi in the Prater
(see below) ; ColosMum and YolM* - Theater, at Rudolfsheim ; Prince Svl-
towskCs Private Theatre, Matzleinsdorfer-Str. 49.

Oemeerts in the Volksgarten every afternoon in summer; admission
when a military band plays, 20 kr. ; when Strauss's celebrated band performs
50 kr. ; on Tuesday and Friday evenings , with illumination , 1 fl. (sub-
scription for the season 20 fl.). Military music at the caf^ in the Prater,
at Vogelsang^s Garden Restaurant, at the W. Railway Station, etc. In the
Augarten (p. 219) on Tuesdays, Saturdays, and Sundays, in favourable
weather. — In winter daily at Schneider^s irarmo}»<e-iSd{«,*Schottenbastei 3 ;
on Sundays in the Volksgarten, in the hall of the Musikverein (p. 215),
and at the Sophienbad (see below); on Sundays and Thursdays in the
Cursalon and the flower-saloons of the Gartenbau-Gesellschaft (p. 216). —
Concerts of Classical Music in the rooms of the Musikverein , or in those
of the piano-manufacturers, Bösendorf er, Herren gasse; Ehrbar, Mühlgasse
6 (IV. District) ; and Beizmann A Son, Graben 15.

Populax Resorts. Danzer^s Orphewn, Wasagasse 3d, Alsergrund (in
summer in the third Caf^ in the Prater), and numerous ] other caf^s-chan-

192 Route 35. VIENNA. Baths,

tants. Beyond the Lines: Behwendtr'i Colotseum at Budolfsheim, Schonr
bmnner-Str. 1 ; Dommayer'* Canrw^ at Hietzing (p. 241) ; (kuino and Schwär^
zer Adler at Oberdöbling. Balla in winter at the Saphienbad and Dianabad
(see below), and at the Flowtr Baloon» (p. 216). Three masked-balls in
the rooms of the Mnsikverein during the Gamival. — Skating Rinh» at
the Wiener Eislauf-Verein (p. 219) and in the^Yolksprater (p.2A0).

Panoramas, Prater-Str. 49 (Battle of Ohampigny, by Detaille and Ken-
ville) and in the Prater, Ansstellungs-Str. 166 (Siege of Paris, by Philippe-
teauz); Adm. to either, 9-1, Ifl. ; after 1p.m. on Sun. and holidays 60 kr.

Xiiitary Knsio daily at 12.90 p.m in fine weather (Snn. excepted) in
the Burg, by the Monument of Emp. Francis (p. 200).

Batha. Kaittrhad (PI. 6; D, 2), Frans-Josephs-Quai , near the comer
of the Schotten-Bing , bath 86-80 kr. (also a hydropathic establishment)«
— '^Sophienbad (PI. 4; F, 4), in the Landstrasse quarter, Marzergasse 13,
with vapour, douche, and swimming-baths ; 9-12 o'clock ladies only ; warm
-bath 60, cold 36, adm. for non-bathers 20 kr. — * Dianabad (PI. 3; E, 3),
Obere Donau-Str. 93, Leopoldstadt, left of the Ferdinandsbrücke (reached
by steam-launch from Frans Josephs-Qual). At both these establishments
the bathroom is fitted up as a ballroom in winter. — Leopoldäbad , Obere
Donau-Str. 46, Leopoldstadt; * Margartihmbad (PI. 6a ^ C, 6), Wilde-
manngasse 6, in- the Margaretheli district, bath 80 kr. to 1 fl. 20 kr. ^
*'ütM«ta» Baih^ Liniengasse 6, Gumpendorf; Brünnlbad^ Lasarethgasse 16;
'^Floräbady Floragasse 7, Wieden; Herettlan%ma>ad ^ Wien -Str. 19, Wieden
(with swimming-bath); *' Esterhazybad ^ Gumpendorfer - Str. 69; *Roman
Bath (PI. 4a; F, ^, beautifully fitted up. Kleine Stadtgutgasse, opposite
the 1^. Railway Station; * Josephsbad , Sophienbrücken- Str. 12 (electric
baths, vapour baths, *massage\ etc.). — Sirer Baths. ''Städtische Bade-
anstalt (p. 240). on the right bank of the Danube, admirably fitted up,
1st class bath 1 fl. ; ^Military Swimming School A Bath*^ farther down on
the same bank; Holxer*s River Baths, on the left bank; Coneordiabad , in
the Danube Canal, Frans-Josephs Quai, above the Stephaniebrücke; Wil"
haclt's BathSy at Oberd(Jblingy Haupt-Str. 70, in a shady park (also warm
baths).

Hadical Advice may be obtained gratis at the Allgemeine Poliklinik,
Oppolzergasse 4, and at the MariahHf Ambulatorium, Esterhazygasse 31.
Surgical cases are well attended to at Dr. Eder'^s Private Establishment^
Josephstadt 63. Dentists : Brunn, Lerchenfeldergasse 162 ; Frane, K&mtner-
Str. ^; Jariseh, Schottenhof.

Port«rs for carrying carpet-bags, etc., from the raUway-station to a
fiacre 10, larger articles of luggage 20 kr. ; to a hotel V2-I fl-

Commiaaionnair— (Dienstmänner). Charge for an errand within a dis-
trict (Bezirk) 10 kr. (incl. 24 lbs. of luggage) ; into an immediately adjoin-
ing district 20 kr. ; into any other district 30 kr. ; for luggage over 24
and under 62 lbs. these charges are doubled; for carrying luggage under
24 lbs. to a railway-station, in the same district 16, into another district
30-40 kr. ; if hired by time for light jobs, 1 hr. 60-60 kr. ; fee for obtaining
theatre or concert-tickets according to bargain. Double fees at night (9-7
in summer, 8-8 in winter). The commissionnaires are all numbered, and
are bound to carry a tariff of charges , which should be consulted in
doubtful cases.

Shops. The best are in the Kohlmarkt, Graben, Kärntner-Str., Bing-
Str. and Stephans-Platz. Leather-wares and fancy-goods sold by Aug. Klein,
Graben 28; Bodeck, Kohlmarkt 7; Weidmann, Babenberger-Str. 7; Birk,
K&rntner-Bing 1; Palais Royal and Vienna Louvre, SLamtner-Str. — Car-
pets: Haas d; Sons, Stock im Eisen 6; Bael^tausen, Opem-Bing 1. Oriental
carpets and embroidery, Jac. Adutt, Fleischmarkt 7. — Jewellery and
plate : Mayer Sons , Stock im Eisen 7 ; Rozet dt Fischmeister, Kohlmarkt 11 ;
Hauptmann A (7o.,Kohlmarkt 3; Jieitier, Kohlmarkt 7; ^roiulsit, Kamtner-
Str. 36; Ooldschmidt, Goldschmiedgasse, Aziendahof , first floor. — Electro-
plate: Crist<i/le A Co., Opem-Bing 6; Depot of the jBemdor/ lfa»«(AKtory 0/
Metallic Wares, WoUzeile 12, Bognergasse 2, and Mariahilfer-Str. 18. —
Meerschaum and other pipes: Hiess A Sons, Kärntner-Str. 36; Mager,
Kärntner - Bing 16; C, Hiess, Graben 11. — Crystal wares: Lobmeyer,

Collections. VIENNA. 3ö. Route. 193

Kärntner-Str. 13; Sehreiher y Tegetthoff • Str. 3; Count HarraeVi Depot,
Frcyung 3 ; WaUiseh , Johanneflgasse 3. — Porcelain : Wahliss , Kärntner-
Str. 17 ; BteUmacTUr^ Augastiner-Str^ 8 ^ Haas «0 Gzjczek, Earntner-Str. 5.

— Galvanoplastic works of art : C. HacUy Dreilaufergaase 5, Neubau. All
these may be regarded more or less as among the specialties of Vienna. -^
Photographs : Kramer, Graben 7*, Ctihak, Graben 22^ Ärtaria, Eohlmarkt 9;
Heck, Kamtner-Bing 12. — Bohemian garnet-wares ', Kerseh, Graben 16. — ^
Boots: Hahn, Plankengasse 4. — Tailors: Roihberger, Stephans-Platz 8;
Orüribattm, Graben 26^ Patonaiy, Plankengass'e 6. — Outfitters: Jägermayer,
Kärntner-Str. 38; Riedel ds Beutel, Stephans^Plats 9 ; Bolhxrth (Bohem. lace).
Graben 29; Steinbühler, Freyung 9. — Milliners: Ditrr, Kärntner-Str. 16
und Graben 20; Jungmann <t Co.^ Albrechts-Plats 3; Ekinger, Mariahilfer-
Str. 60; Tomaei, Kirehenga8se28, Neubau. — Umbrellas, etc.: Mautner, Hohen«
staufengasse 2; Weip, Bauernmarkt 12 ; Schalter, Bognergasse 15 and Weih-
burggasse 31. — Perfumery: C!aM«rara d: Bankmann, Graben 18; Filz,
Graben 13 ; /. Jf. Farina, Kohlmarkt 26 ; 0> Steinmetz, Bauernmarkt 1 ;
JT. Steinmetz, Stephans-Platz 6. — ' Gloves : Jaquemar, Herrengasse 6 ; Zaehct^
rias, Spiegelgasse 2; Po/Mfoer, Negerlegasse 7, Leopoldstadt; Adam's Sohn,
Wieden, Haupt-Str. 14; Frz. Schubert, Wieden, Paniglgasse 17. — Hatters:
Pf«<£, Graben 31; 'Slrrtva», Graben 8 ; Hahig, Kämtner-Sfr. 51.

moaey Ohaiiffers« ITfiionSanifc, Graben 13 ; J^^compte-fi^exsIIfcAa/i;, Kärnt-
ner-Str. 7; Anglo - Austrian Bank, Stephans-Platz 2; Epstein, Stock- im-
Eisen-Platz 3 ; Völcker A Co., Kohlmarkt 26 : Verkehrsbank , Wipplineer-
Str. 28. » FF B

■arketfl. The markets of Vienna, which are abundantly supplied from
every i^art of the empire, merit a visit in the forenoon. Fruit Market in
the Kof and at the Elisabethenbrücke , Wieden. Fish Market on the
Franz-Josephs-Quai (Fridays): excellent fish, e.g. the Fogasch caught in
the Plattensee (p. 361); Huchen, a kind of trout; Schill; Sterling, resemb-^
ling sturgeon. — The spacious Central-Markthalle (PI. 65 b) in the suburb of
Landstrasse, opposite the Stubenthor bridge, is worthy of a visit. '— Retail
Market Halls, Stubenbastei ,5; Landesgerichts-Str. 2; Phorus<>Platz 5; Maria*
hilfer^tr. 73; Gumpendorfer-Str. 58 ; Esterh^zygasse 21; Keustiftgasse 89.

— Horse Market C Wiener TattersalV), Prater-Str. 54 (PI. F, 8).

The Aaikunits - Bureau dea Wiener Vereins far Stadtiaterenen,
Kohlmarkt 17 (open daily 9-6, on Sun and holidays 9-12 ; no fees), gives
information and help to strangers.

Embassiei and Oonsulates. British Ambassador, Sir Augustus Paget,
Mettemichgasse 6; Consul General, Mr. O. Nathan, Schwansenberg-Str. 3 ;
Pro-Consul, Mr. Feldtcharck. American Charg^ d' Affaires, General A»
Lawton, Stubenbastei 1 ; Consul General, E. J&ssen.

Engliah Ohureh Sendee at the Chapel of the British Embassy (Christ
Church) at 11 a.m. ; Chaplain, Rev. William H. Hechler, Chaplain to the
British Embassy.

OoUeetions.
* Academy of Art (p. 218) : Picture Gallery, Sat. and Sun. 10^1 ; Plaster Cast»

9-1 on the first five days of the week, in winter and on Sat. throughout

the year 5-7 (closed 15-dOth Sept.).
Agricultural Collections (p. 209), Herrengasse 13, daily on application to

the Secretary.
*Albertina (p. 206), Mon^Thurs. 9^2 o'clock.
*Ambr€u Collection (p. 280), in Summer on week-days (except Mon.) 9-12

and 3-6, Sun. and holidays 10-1 ; in Oct. and the first half of Nov. 9-2 ;

during the rest of winter by tickets obtained at the Collection or

at the Cabinet of Coins and Antiquities.
Antiques and Egyptian Antiquities (p. 229), as the last.
Aquarium (p. 240), daily 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. ; adm. 30 kr.
Arsenal (p. 231). Museum of Armour, Tues., Thurs., Frid. 9-3 (from Nov.

to May, Thurs. only, l(>-2). The Artillery Work-shops are shown only

to visitors with an order from the War Office.
Arsenal, Civie, in the New Bathhaus (p. 211), from May to Oct. daily 9-2.
Beethoven Collection, in Heiligenstadt (tramway from the Schotten-Bing in

V« 1».), Thurs. 3-6 (10 kr.).

Bakdekbb^s S. Germany. 6th Edit. 13

194 RouUdö, yiENNA. ColUeHoru.

Blind Äsplum^ Josephstadt, BHadeae^se 81; public eicaBiiiiatioiis, Thurs.
10-12. Permission may also be obtained from the Director to b«
present at some of the ordinary classes. Vacation in August. -

*Ccins <md Anti^uitieM (p. 306), tfon. and Thurs., 10-2.

JDec^f and Dumb Asylum, Wieden, Favoriten-Ste. 13 (p. 338); public exami-
nations. Sat. 10-12 (vacation Aug. and Sept).

Xdueatumal ExhSbitiim^ Westbahn-8tr. 25, Keubau, Thurs. 9-12 and 3-jS (in
winter 24).

ExhibitUM^ of JBxpori», WoUzeile 37, week-days 94, Sun. 9-1.

Geological InitituUon (p. 219), daily 9-i.

Government Frinting-O/fiee, Singer-Str. 26 (p. 208), Tues. and Frid. 9-12, on
application at the office.

Bandele- Muteum ^. 210), Börsengasse 2, week-days 104 (30 kr.), Sun. and
holidays 9-1 (10 kr. ; closed on Mondays).

Imperial Burg (p. 300), ordinary rooms daily 3-8, on application to the
Burghauptmann between 9 and 12.

Imperial Garden and Hot^houeee (p. 301), Hofburg, closed at present.

^Imperial Library (p. 301), daily 94, except Sun., closed from 1st Augi to
15th Sept. (large room closed in winter, but shown up till 3 p.m. for
a fee; HSS. not shown after 2 p.m.).

In^erial Stables (p. 213), tickets obtained at the office of the Oberstall-
meister in the Amalienhof, daily 1-3.

•Imperial Treasury (p. 303) , Tues., Thurs. , Frid. 10-1 ; from 1st Nov. to
30th April, Tues. and Frid. only. Tickets procured at the office of the
Schatzmeister, in the Sehweiserhof , at the Hofbuxg (p. 301), on the
day previous. 10-12. These are available only for the hours and per-
sons specified. Strangers , however, generally obtain tickets without
previous application on presenting their -cards.

Industrial Museum (p. 286), Sun 9-12, Hon., Wed., Thur., and Frid. 9-8;
adm. 20 kr. (free on Mon.).

Miethke's Permement ExMbiHon of Art, Xeuer Markt 13, daily, 9-6 (SOkr.).

Minerals, closed at pvtsent.

* Museum of Art and Industry (p* 216), Sun. 9-1, and Thurs., Frid., and

Sat. 94, grati?; on Tues. and Wed. 94, adm. 30 kr.
Musikvoretn, building (p. 215) daily, except Sunday, 9^, 20 kr.
Natural History CtUfinet, closed at present.

* Opera House (p. 213), Opemring, during the July vacation by appli-

cation at the office.

Pictures (modem), Permanent Exhibiti4tn of the Austrian Art-Union (p. 307),
Tuchlauben 8, daily 9-5, in winter 104; (adm. 30 kr., Sunday after-
noon 30 kr.).

Pictures (modem) exhibited periodically at the KUnMerkaus (p. 215), Loth-
ringer-Str. 9, daily 9-5,. in winter 94; adm. to the spring exhibition
50 kr., on Sun. and hoUdays 20 kr.; at other seasons .30 kr., on Sun.
afternoons 10 kr.

* Picture Gallery m the Belvedere (p. 230), daily (Mondays excepted) 104,

Sun. and holidays 10-1. Attendants forbidden to accept gratuities.

Picture Gallery, Ctemin's (p. 234), Mon., Thurs. 10-2.

— , HarraeKs (p. 306), Mon., Wed., Sat. 104 (dosed in winter; feeSOkr.).

— , * Liechtenstein'' s (p. 238), daily in summer, except Sat., 94, Sun. and
holidays, 24. In winter daily, on application to the Director.

^, BcMnhorn's (p. 306), Mon., Wed^ FriiL 9^3 (fee 30 kr.).

Polytechnic Institution, Wieden (p. 2^), on week-day forenoons, on appli-
cation to the Keeper (in the first court to the right, left comer).

Rathhaus (p. 211), Franzens-Bing, on week-days after 2 p.m. (apply »t the
portal in the Lichtenfels-Str. ; fee).

Reicherathgdiäude (p. 213), shown out of session, on Sun. 9-1, Mon., Wed.,
Frid. 10^ (fee). Entrance in the BIng-Str.

University (p. 211). week-days 14, Sun. and holidays the whole day.

Wagner Museum (Oesterlein», Alleegasse 19, Wieden; daily, 10^; adm.,
including printed descriptton, 40 kr.

Diary. Particulars see above. Daily, Art Union 9-5; Civic Arsenal 9-3;

Viary. VIENNA. 35. BouU, 195

Imperial Burg 3-6; Imperial Stables 1-3; Miethke's Exhibition 0-6; Ana-
tomical If useum On the Public Hospital, p. 235) U-1; Künstlerhaus 9-5; Geolo«
Sical Institute 9-4. — Dailt, Sundays and holidays excepted: Imperial Library
-4; Musikverein 9-6; Government Printing Office 10-12; Polytechnic in the
forenoon ; Wagner Museum 10-6; Military Parade with band, 12-1, in the
Burghof. Daily, except Saturdays ; Liechtenstein Gallery 9-4 (Sun. 2-4). —
SoNDATs : Church-music at the Burgpfarrcapelle (p. 200), 11 a.m. ; Ambras
Collection and Cabinet of Antiques in the Belvedere 10-1 ; Picture Gallery
in the Belvedere 10-1; Academy 10-1; Museum of Art and Industry 9-1;
Oriental Museum 9-1 (10 kr.) ; Civic- Arsenal 9-2; Corso of the fashionable
world in the great avenue in the Prater 5-7, best in May. — Mondays :
Cabinet of coins and antiquities 10-2; Albertina 9-2; Gzemin Gallery
10-2 ; Schönbom Gallery 9-3. — Tdjbsdatb : Ambras Collection, Antiquities
and Egyptian Museum 104 ; Belvedere Gallery 104 : Museum of Art and
Industry ^ (30 kr.) : Arsenal 9-3; Oriental Museum 104 (SO kr.); Treasury
10-1 ; Civic Arsenel 9-2 (20 kr.) — Wbdnesdats : Belvedere Gallery IC^ ;
Harrach's Gallery l64; Schönborn Gallery 9-3; Museum of Art and In-
dustry 94 (30 kr.). — Thdasoais: Belvedere Gallery 104; Treasury 10-1 ;
Coins and Antiquities 10-2; Czemin Gallery 10-2; Albertina 9-2; Arsenal
9^; Museum of Art and Industry 94; Oriental Museum 104 (30 kr.);
public examination at the Blind Asylum 10-12, closed in August; Educa-
tional Exhibition 9-12 and 3-6. — Fbidays: Ambras Collection, etc., 104;
Belvedere Gallery 104; Treasury lO-l; Schönbom Gallery 9-3; Museum
of Art and Industry 94; OrienUl Museum 104; Civic Arsenal 9-2 (20 kr.).
— Satdbdays: Belvedere Gallery 10-4; Academy 10-1; Museum of Art
and Industry 94; Oriental Museum 104 (30 kr.); Harrach's Gallery 104;
Arsenal 9-3; Academy (Casts) 6-7; public examination in the Deaf and
Dumb Asylum 10-12 (vacation Aug. and September).

Most of these collections, when closed to the public, are accessible to
strangers by payment of a fee.

Priaoipal Attraction», when time is limited: St. Stephen's Church
(p. 197); Ring-Strasse (p. 210): Treasury, and Cabinet of Coins and Anti-
quities at the Burg (p. 208) ; Picture Gallery and Ambras Collection at the
Belvedere (pp. 220, 230); Liechtenstein Gallery (p. 236).

Vienna (436 ft.), the capital of the Empire of Austria, and resl-
Bidence of the emperor, Is situated In a plain surrounded by distant
mountains, on the Danube Canal , the southern arm of the river,
into which the Wien falls on the E. side of the city. Prior to 1863
It was divided into the inner city and 34 suburbs, but it now consists
of 10 sections : I. Interior of the city, II. Leopoldstadt, III. Länd-
strasse, IV. Wieden, V. Margarethen, VI. Mariahilf, VII. Neubau,
VIII. Josephstadt , IX. Aisergrund , X. Fayoriten. In addition to
these , there are 35 suburbs beyond the Lines (see below) , im-
mediately connected with the city, and under the supervision of the
Vienna police: Hernals, Funfhaus, Rudolfsheim, Ottakring, Wah-
ring, Unter-Meidling , Simmering, Gaudenzdorf, Sechshaus, Neu-
lerchenfeld, Ober-Döbling, Wühelmsdorf, Nussdorf, Heiligenstadt,
Hietzing, Ober-Meidling, Ünter-Döbling, Weinhaus, etc. According
to the census of 1880 the interior of the city had a population of
69,694, while the nine other districts contained 636,062 inhab.,
and a garrison of 20,902 soldiers. The total population including
the suburbs was 1,103,857. The present population of the ten
districts is estimated at 800,000, including 75,000 Jews.

Vienna was originally the Celtic settlement of Vindomina^ which the
Romans seized and fortified about 14 A. D., changing the name to Vin-

13*

19& Route 35. VIENNA. History.

dobona. Marcus Aurelius died here in 180. By the end of tlie third cen-
tary Vindobona had- become a municipal town, and being the seat of the
Roman civil and military government, continued to flourish until the in-
vasion of the Avars about 588. From that date the Roman Vindobona
disappears from history until the year 791, when Charlemagne con-
quered the inhabitants of the district , and constituted the tract between
the Enns and the Wiener Wald the boundary of his empire. From the
time of Emp. Otho II. (973-983) the fief of Austria (the ^E. Mark*) was
held by the Babenbergers , who exchanged their title of margrave for that
of duke in the reign of Frederick Barbarossa (12th cent.)- The first men-
tion of Vienna- as a ^civitas' occurs in a document of 1130, and in 1166 it
became the capital and residence of Duke Heinrich Jasomirgott. During
the Crusades Vienna increased so rapidly , in consequence of the traffic
which flowed through it, that when the Babenbergers had become extinct^
and Ottokar of Bohemia was in possession of the country (1251-1276),
those fortiflcations were probably marked out which formed the bound-
ary of the inner city down to 1857. Ottokar was defeated by Rudolph
of Hapsburg in - 1276 , and Vienna then became the seat of the Hapsburg
dynasty. In 1519 the Emp. Maximilian I. entertained Wladislaw, King of
Hungary and Bohemia, and Sigismund, King of Poland, at Vienna, and
on that occasion concluded the marriages of his children, through which
Bohemia, Moravia, and Hungary fell to the crown of Austria, giving rise
to the saying: —

*BeHo gerant alii^ tu felix Austria nube;
Nam quae Mars aJt't«, dat tiM regna Venus'",
Vienna was twice besieged by the Turks, under Soliman 11. from 22nd
Sept. to 15th Oct. 1529 , and under Mohammed IV. , by the grand-vizier
Kara Mustapha, from 14th July to 12th Sept. 1683. In the latter case they
were defeated by John Sobieski , King of Poland, and the Margrave Lewis
of Baden with an allied army of Poles» Austrians, Saxons, Bavarians, and
Franks. After the disastrous battles of 1805 (Austerlitz) and 1809 (Wag-
ram), Vienna was for a short period occupied by the French. The Con-
gress of Vienna was held from 3rd Nov. 1814 to 9th June 1815. -— Tablets
are now affixed to the various houses which possess historical interest.

Until 1809 Vienna was enclosed by a double girdle of fortifications, of
which little now remains. The external works, constructed in 1704 as a
protection against the incursions of the Hungarians under Francis Rakoczy,
consisting of a rampart , 12 ft. high, and a fosse , are still maintained as
the boundary'line of the city-imposts. This external fortification is called
the ^Lines\ but .the Viennese generally apply the word to the fourteen
gateways (most of the gates removed) named after the suburbs adjoining
them. The internal fortifications, consisting of rampart, fosse, and glacis,
were levelled in consequence of an imperial decree of 1858, and the space
employed for the dreetion of the Ring-Strasse (p. 210), a broad street en-
circling the interior of the city. Of the former gates the Burg-Thor and
Franz - Joseph - Thor now alone remain. Outside of the Ring-Strasse, and
parallel with it, runs the Lasten-Sirasse^ 50 ft. in breadth, while the Oürtel-
ßtrasse will, when completed, form a circle round the whole city beyond
the Lines. — The streets of the inner city are narrow, and enclosed by
very lofty houses, but generally well paved. The Church of St. Stephen
(p. 197) is the central point from which the numbers of the streets are
reckoned. Ko. 1 is to the left, Ko. 2 to the right of this point. The
plates with the names of the streets which lead towards the centre of
the city are rectangular, of those running round the city circular. The
coloured borders of these plates and of the house-numbers are red in th«
Ist and 10th districts , violet in the 2nd, green in the third , pink in the
4ths black in the 5th, yellow in the 6th, blue in the 7th , gray in the 8thr,
and brown in the 9th. The city contains a great number of ^Durekhäuser^^
or passages through the courts of houses , by means of which the pedes-
trian may often niake a short cut, but modem building operations are
rapidly diminishing their number.

The great Ecclesiastical Foundations and Abbeys of Austria formerly
possessed and still hold valuable property to a considerable extent in

Art. VIENNA. 36. Route. 197

Vienna. They are proprietors of those vast edifices called ßö/tf which
are still common, and contain inmates enough to people a small town.
One of the most extensive of these is the Schottenho/^ once belonging to
Irish Benedictines (^Scotr), who were invited hither by Heinrich II., Ja-
somirgott, first Duke of Austria, in 1158, but were gradually superseded
by German monks. Opposite to it is the almost as spacious Melierho/,
the property of the Abbey of Helk (p. 266). The Starhetriberffitehe Frei-
AatM in the suburb Wieden comprises no fewer than 200 different dwell-
ings. The Bothe Haus in the Alsergrund is scarcely less extensive.

Within the last quarter of a century Vienna has acquired an impor-
tance as a seat of Abt, of which nothing in its previous history gave pro-
mise. The Austrian capital has, indeed , possessed an Academy of Art
since the end of the 17th cent. , but this institution had no share what-
ever in promoting the modem artistic revival in Ghermany. The honour of
inspiring Viennese painting with new life, and of Introducing an elevated
ana monumental style, is chiefly due to Carl BaM (d. 1865), who settled
in Vienna after the revolution of 1848; and with his name we must
couple that of 'Führich (d. 1876), Overbeck''8 associate, whose powers were
not fully unfolded till the closing years of his life. To the success of
their efforts, however, various external circumstaneea materially contri-
buted. While the extension of the city and the erection of numerous
palatial edifices have called forth considerable architectural talent, for the
exercise of which there is still abundant scope, the great wealth amassed
by many of the citizens has in many cases been laudably dedicated to the
formation of private galleries of art. Vienna has Uius of late become
a favourable market for the products of the brush and the chisel, and
the centre of a busy art-life which does not lack external brilliancy.

A prominent feature in the street-architecture of Vienna is afforded
by the many-storied, palatial dwelling-houses, erected by building-specu-
lators, and let out in ^quartiers^ to families. The interiors are generally
decorated throughout with painting and sculpture, which show the per-
fection attained by the Viennese in the exercise (tf art-handicrafts, and
at the same time exhibit the peculiarities of their taste. In modern
church-building the Romanesque style, which was for a time predominant,
latterly gave place, chiefly through the influence of Friedrich Bchmidt^ to
tiie Gothic, The public buildingSf the most important of which are still
unfinished, exhibit partly antique, and partly Benaissance forms, accord-
ing as the influence of Hanten or of Sender has been in the ascendant.
The most eminent architects of Vienna, besides those already named, are
Haaenaver^ FersMy Bomano^ Van der NüU, and V<m ßieeardeburg, — IJntil
recently, sculpture has had few opportunities of testing its strength upon
heroic monuments. The best native sculptors are Oassery Femkomf PUty
Cottenobfey and Kundmann, with whom Zumbuech from Munich has re-
cently been associated, — Among the present painters of Vienna the most
popular and successful are those who excel in colouring. Many of them
have migrated hither from Munich, others have received their training in
Paris, and a few only show traces of the influence of earlier Vienna
artists. The most distinguished group consists of Oriqtenkerl, Eisemmenger^
Qauly and other pupils of Bahl, who have carried on the study of monu*
mental painting since the death of their master. Other eminent painters
are Angeli^ whose portraits of members of the aristocracy are well known,
PeUenko/en^ R. Alt, Felix^ Hoffmann^ and lAehtenfel». The eminent colorist
Han* Makart died in 1834.

I. The Inner City AND THE King- Strasse.

a. CAurch of St. Stephen. Graben. Kohlmarkt.

The ^Church of Bt. Stephen (PI. 63; D, 41, the most important
edifice in Vienna, was erected between 1300 and 1510, with the
exception of the few fragments of the original building dating from

198 Route 35. VIENNA. 8L SUpheh'i.

the 12tli centary, to which date some traces of Romanesque work-
manship on the W. facade belong. The original church, consecrate
ed ahout 1147, was destroyed by fire, and the construction of a
bew and larger edifice was begun in 1258 ; the choir was erected
between 1300 and 1330, and was consecrated in 1340. Duke Ru-
dolph rV. directed the architect, Meister Wenzla of Klostemeuburg,
to prepare comprehensive plans , and he laid the foundation of the
nave and probably of the S, tower also, in 1359. The Utter was
completed in 1433 , but the building of the N. tower , begun In
1450, was arrested in 1562 and has never been resumed. Among
the other architects whose names have been preserved are Ulrich
Helbling , Hans von Prachatiz , who completed the tower in 143B,
and Hans Puchsbaum, who vaulted the nave in 1446. The length
of the entire edifice is 335 ft.; the nave and aisles are of equal
height (89 ft.) and nearly equal width (341/2 and 29 ft.). The bull-
ding is of solid limestone, and in the form of a Latin cross. The
richly-groined vaulting is supported by 18 massive pillars, which
are sülorned with upwards of 100 statuettes. The roof is covered
with variegated tUes. — Since 1853 the cathedral has undergone a
thorough restoration.

Bzterior. At the W. end are the Romanesque RietenthoTj or Qiant's
Door (opened only on occasions of great solemnity), the two towers called
the Heidenthilrfne (210 ft. high), and a numher of sculptures of the Roma-
nesque era. On the S. side, near the first entrance (Singerthor), is a
tombstone said to be that of the Meistersänger Vithard Fuchs. Then
follows the bay of the tower with the Primthor and the Choir, surround-
ed by tombstones. The first of the reliefs in stone, representing Christ
taking leave of the Holy Women, and dating from the 15th cent., is
worthy of notice. On the K. side is the Pulpit of the Franciscan monk
<kipistramu (1451), and near it the entrance to the new crypt. The en-
trance to the bay of the (unfinished) TS. tower (213 ft.) is named the AdUr-
thor (Eagle's Door), the second is the Sischo/sthor (Bishop's Door).

Interior. The Adlerthor forms the entrance to the Ohapel op St.
Babbaba, the bay of the N. tower, containing a votive altar in commemo-
ration of the escape of the Emperor Francis Joseph In 1863. Kext to this is
the Fbaubmohob (N. side choir), with the monuments of Duke Rudolph IV.
and Catharine, his duchess. In the Hauptchob (centre-choir), on the left, is
the altar of St. John of Nepomuc; in the centre a high-altar of black
marble, with an altar-piece representing the Stoning of St. Stephen, by
Bock ; on the right the altar of St. Carlo Borromeo; richly-carved choir-stalls
of the 15th century. Of the stained-glass windows two are ancient, and
the rest modem, three of them after designs by Führich. In front of the
steps leading to the vestry is a stone which closes the entrance to the old
burial-vault of the sovereigns of Austria ; but for the last 200 years the mem-
bers of the imperial family have been interred in the church of the Ca-
puchins. The Thekla Choib contains the *8apeophafftu of the Bmp. Fre-
deriek III. (d. 1493), by Lereh, completed in 1513, amost elaborate work in
red and white marble, surrounded by 32 coats-of-arms ; in 8 sections below
are representations from Scripture ; at the feet of the figure various animals.
In front of the steps of the altar is a Monumental BrctsSy with three coats-
of-arms, and a Latin inscription, recording that three counsellors repose here
who were executed by Leopold the Proud in 1406, on account of their ad-
herence to their lawful prince, the infant Albert V. To the right of the
emperor's tomb is a fine winged altar, brought in 1885 from the Neu-
Kloster at Wiener Neustadt (p. 268). — In the baqr of the S. tower is the
Chapel op St. Cathabinb , the vestibule of which contains portraits of

8t Stephen's, VIENNA. 36, RofUe. 199

Austrian dukes »nd emperors. — The Nave contains the *JHt^it^ executed
in stone in 1512 by the architect Pilgram', on the front four Fathers of
the Church ^ under the stairs the figure of the master, looking through
a window; on the landing^, toads, lizards, and other animals. — On the
K. wall immediately to Uie w. of the entraniDe, and forming the termination
of a former organ-choir, is the *Stone Figure of the Architect JUrg Oeehtel
(beginning of 16th cent.), holding a rule and pair of compasses in his
hand, and looking through a small window. — By the V.W, Portal is the
Savot or LncHTXHSTBXN CHAPKt, with the tomb of Prince Eugene of Savoy
(d. 1736). — Below the church are extensive Catacombs, consisting of three
vaults, one below another, filled with bones Mid skulls. Visitors are ad-
mitted to- inspect the small portion (on the first and second tiers) which
has not fallen utterly into ruin (adm, for 1-8 pers. 4 fl., with fee of 20 kr.
for each guide).

The *Tower of 8t. Btephen'« (449 ft.) affords an extensive view, em-
bracing tiie battle-fields of Lobau, Wagram , and BssUng. It was erected
in 1860-64 to replace the former structure, which had to be taken down
owing to its unsafe condition. In the second stage hangs the huge bell.
Cards for the ascent of the tower are obtained at the sacristan'^s office,
Stephans-Plats 8} best time about 3 p.m. (fee 40 kr.).

On the N. side of the Stephans-PIatz, at the eomer of theRothen-
timrm-Str., la the Atehiepiaeoptü PalaeCy erected in 1632-41 ; in the
coort Is a tasteful fountain. The chapel has an altar-piece by
Knpelwieser. Opposite , at the comer of the Brandstitte , is the
faaiLlsome modem house of Hr. Thonet. The S. continuation of
the Stephans-Platz is called the Stoek-'imF-Eisen-PUxtx,

No. 6, at the comer of Graben, is the richly*decorated house (rococo
style) of Messrs. Haas A Sons (p. 192). Opposite the Eiesenthor is the new
Rothhergerhof. — At the comer of' the Graben and Kärntner Str.. is the
* Stock im Eisen*, the stump of a pinetree secured by cramps and a lock
with the date 1575, and full of nails, which have been driven into it, in
accordance with an ancient national custom (not peculiar to Austria), on
account of some supposed sanctity once attached to the tree. It is said
once to have marked the extremity of the Wiener Wald. -^ At the corner
of the Stephans-Plati and the Singer-Str. stands the house ^Znm Goldenen
Becher**, adorned with frescoes,

The Gbabbn (PI. D, 4) , with its attractive shops , now the
principal husiness-street in Vienna, was the moat of the fortifi-
cations in the 12th cent., and the houses on the N. side occupy the
site of the ancient wall. Its appearance has been entirely changed
of late years hy the erection of new huildings.

On the right, IXo. 81, is the Aziendahof, in the Italian Renaissance
style, by Hasenauer \ beyond are the Trattnerhof (No. 39) and the First
Austrian SaviiHfs Bank (No. 21 ; founded in 1886). To the left (No. 8) is the
/few Fork Insurance Co, The LechleitnerUche Saus (on the left, No. 14,
15) has a rich jßk^ade by Wagner and Thienemann. In the centre of the
Graben rises the Trinity Oolnmn (PI. 28), a confused group of figures
among elou^, ereoted by order of Emp. Leopold I. in 1694, on the cessation
of the plague. The figures of SS. Joseph and Leopold on the Fountains
are the work of J. M. Fischer (1804).

The Jungfemgasse leads N. from the Graben to the Peters-Plats. The
Ohnrch of 8t. Peter here (PI. 60a), with its handsome dome, was erected
in 1702j on the site of a chapel of the 12th cent., and restored in 189944.
It is adorned with ceiling-paintings by Roikmayer and BOriena^ and altar-
pieees by Altamonte, Kupehdeser, and others.

The KoHLMABXT (PI. D 3, 4), another busy street, leads to the
left to the Burg. To the left in the Michaeler Platz is situated the
Carazeh of St. Xiehael (PI. 59), frequented principally by the higher

200 RouU3^, VIENNA. Burg.

classes , founded in 1221 , but greatly altered in the 17tli century.
The choir is 14th cent. Gothic (1327). The church is adorned with
modern paintings by Schnorr and others. Over the high-<altar, the
Fall of the Angels in stucco. Several monuments of the 16th-18th
centuries. — In a straight direction hence we reach the Bwgiheater
(p, 191], originally erected, in 1741, enlarged in 1748, and rebuilt
in its present form in 1760 (seats for 1125 persons).

b^ The Imperial Hoßmrg and its Collections.

The imperial Hofburg (PI. 13 ; D, 4), usually termed the Burg,
has been the residence of the Austrian princes since the 13th century.
It Is an extensive, irregular pile, dating from several different periods.
Approaching it from the Michaeler-Platz, the visitor first enters the
Innere Burghof J ot Franzena-Platz, in the centre of which rises the —

Honnment of Emp. Francis I. (d. 1835 ; PI. 31), in bronze,
by Marchesi of Milan ; the Emperor in the robe of the Order of the
Golden Fleece ; the other figures represent Religion, Peace, Justice,
and Bravery ; the figures in relief at the comers are Science , Com-
merce, Agriculture, &c.

On the S.W. side of the Burghof, in the Leopoldinidehe Tro^t (built
by Leopold I. after the fire of 1668), is situated the old Residence,
containing the magnificent 'RittersaaF, the long 'Controlor' corridor
in which Joseph II. granted audience to all comers , tlie apartments
occupied by Maria Theresa and Joseph II. (adm., see p. 194), and
the Military Office of the emperor. On the right, by the passage to
the outer Burg-Platz is the MauptwachCj or Guard House (parade
with military music daily, except Sunday, at 12.30 p.m.). To the N.
is the Reichs-Kamlei-Palast, containing the state-archives, and the
apartments of Emp. Francis Joseph (on the first floor). At the N.
entrances are four Hercules groups (Antsßus, Busiris, Nemean Lion,
Cretan Bull) by Lorenzo Mathielli.

Adjoining the Franzens-Platz on the N.W. is the small Amalien-
hof erected at the end of the 17th cent., and now occupied by the
Empress Elizabeth. Italso contains the office of the OhersiaUmeister
(tickets for the stables are obtained from 9 to 12 at the office to the
right in the passage, p. 194). The exit to the left in the S.E. corner
of the Franzens-Platz, with the well-preserved coloured and gilded
armorial bearings (restored in 1854), leads to the Schweixerhof On
the bridge over the fosse are two small lions in stone with armorial
bearings, on the left those of Hapsburg, on the right five larks (or
rather dwarf-eagles), the ancient crest of the Archduchy. To the
left in the comer of the Schweizerhof is the entrance to the IZVea-
sury. On the right is the Burgkapelle ; the end of the choir is the
only remnant of the original Gothic building of 1449 (ohurch-mu*
sic, see p. 195). On the right side of the Augustinergang, which
leads hence to the Josephs-Platz and the Augustine church , is the
itrance to the cabinets of minerals, coins, and antiquities (on the

Imperial Library, VIENNA. 35. Route. 201

second floor). On the first floor tickets fbr the Treasury are issued
(p. 191). In the Joaephs^Platz are the Imperial Ldbrary and the
Cabinet of Bngrayihgs (entrance in the corner to the right). On
the left are the BaU Booms and the Winter Riding School, erected
in 173Ö, with a gallery borne by 46 columns. Adjacent are the
Summer Riding Sehool and a passage leading to the office of the
Hofburg -Theater (p. 191). In the centre of the Platz rises the
TEqneitrian Statue of Emp. Joseph II. (d. 1790; PI. 32) by Zauner,
in bronze ; two large reliefs at the sides contain allusions to agri*
culture and commerce; on the granite columns at the comers,
16 small reliefs In bronze representing events in the emperor's life.
— The Auguitiine Ckurch^ etc., see p. 204.

On the right, in the large open space between the Burg and the
Ring-Strasse, called t)xQ Outet Burgflatx^ rises the equestrian ^Sta-
tue of Arehdnke Charles (d. 1847 ; PI. 33), represented in the act
"of waving a flag, in allusion to the victory of Aspem (designed by
Fetiikom), To the left is the equestrian *Statae of Prince Engene
of Savoy (d. 1736; PI. 34), in the costume of a general of last cen-
tury, also designed by Ferrikom,

The outer Bnrgtlior (PI. 14) , with five passages , and adorned
¥dth twelve Doric columns, was erected by Nobile in 1822. On the
side towards the town is the motto of £mp. Francis II., ^Juatitia
Regnorum Fundamentum\ Semperas design for the reconstruction
of the Hofburg includes two large wings, extending from this
gate, along the Hofgarten and the Yolksgarten, to the central dome
of the new Hofburg.

The Volksgarten (PI. 107 ; C, 4), to' the N. W. of the Burgplatz,
laid out by £mp. Francis in 1824, contains pleasant grounds and a
caf^ which attract numerous visitors (concerts every afternoon in
summer, see p. 189). In the centre of the grounds is the Temple of
Theeeus, containing Canova's fine marble group of the Victory of
Theseus over the Centaur, originally destined by Napoleon I. for
Milan ; custodian in the hut to the right of the entrance.

The Hofgarten , to the S. of the Outer Burgplatz , containing
an equestrian Statue of Francis I. (d. 1765), husband of Maria
Theresa, is closed at present, pending the enlargement of the Burg
(see above).

Collections in the Imperial Burg.

1. * Imperial Library (adm. see p. 194). The building, erected
by Fischer von Erlach in 1722, occupies the entire S.W. side of the
Josephs-Platz. Roman antiquities on the walls of the staircase. In
the centre of the great haU, statues of Charles VI. and other princes
of the House of Hapsburg. ^Ceiling-paintings by Daniel Qran. The
saloons are richly decorated with gilding , painting , and marble. ,
The library contains upwards of 400,000 vols, and 20,000 MSS.,
among which are valuable Oriental documents , collected by Baron
V. Hammer-Purgstall (d. 1856), and 12,000 vols, of music. Among

202 Route 35. VIENNA. Tttamry.

the 6800 ^JncunabuUi^ (<. e. books printed prior to 1500) are a
Psalter of 1457 by Schöffer and Fust, and the oldest edition of the
Biblia Panperum , of 1430. Some of the principal treasures of the
library are exhibited in glass-cases. The following are perhaps the

most interesting.

Casb a. Materials iued fwr MBS.: purple parchment with stiver and
gold letters of the 6th cent., being fragments of the Gospels ; cotton, linen,
and mulberry paper : palm-leaves. — B. Qretk MSB; Fragments of the Book
of Genesis of the oth cent, on purple parchment) a work on medicinal
herbs, with illustrations, of tbe 6th century. — C. Loiin MSB: Fragments of
the Roman history of Livy, the only MS. which contains the 6th Decade,
brought by St. Suitbert from Scotland in the 7th century. — D. OermanMSS:
Harmony of the Gospels, bv Otfried, of 886 ; Tristan and Isolt, by Godfrey
of Strassburg, of about 1210; fragments of a MS. of the 8th century. — K.
Other Webern Lcmauaget; Illustrated French Bible with miniatures on gold
ground, of the 14th cent. ; Dante''s Divine Comedy, beautifully written,
with marginal illustrations, of the 14th cent ; same of the 16th cent., very
minute, hardly legible to the unaided eye. — F. Oriental Lemgfutget: Small
octagonal Koran of 1646, worn as an amulet \ Chinese US. on paper with gold-
en letters on an azure ground, with illustrations on fig-leaves. — G. and
H. X88. with beautiful miniatures of the 8th-16th cent. \ Hortulns Animte
by Seb. Brant, with 66 exquisite illustrations, scenes from the life of the
Saviour and saints, by a Flemish artist; well-thumbed prayer-book of
Charles V., with the names of several of his relations.

Connected with the Imperial Library is a collection, founded by
Prince Eugene, of Engfavings and Wood-cut«, comprising about
300,000 specimens, and embracing artists from the earliest to the
latest period (about 1000 vols. ; entr. to the left of the main door).
The Collection of Portraits comprises 34,000 plates.

2. ••Treaiury (adm. see p. 194), very rich and historically in-
teresting. Catalogue 60 kr.

Entrance -Chamber. On the long walls the heralds* Tobes, comprising
some beautiful specimens of heraldic embroidery, the Austrian stan-
dard, and the shield of the Grand Harshal. In the two niches of the win-
dows are the silver caskets in which the gift of the Hungarian Landtag was
presented to the emperor on his coronation in 1867 (100,000 dncats, devoted
by the Emperor to the relief of impo verified Honveds). On a. pillar an
ebony casket containing the keys of the coffins of the ancestors of the
imperial house (in the Capuchin Church, p. 206). — Cases I- VI. Clocks
and automata (specimen 33, by J. Biirgi, beginning of 17th cent., is in-
teresting from the fact that the pendulum is here for the first time em-
ployed as a regulator). — VII-XII. Objects in rock-crystal and smoky
topaz. Here the development of the art of the lapidary may be trac-
ed from the 16th cent, down to modem times. In Case XII. , *d03.
Crystal goblet richly set with jewels, in the late-Gothic style, from the
treasury of Charles the Bold} also *296. Altar of coloured stones, the
summit of the fountain consisting of a single emerald ; background of the
altar-piece in Florentine mosaic. — XIII. Jewellery, inclnding s<nne. inter-
esting portrait -medallions. — XIV-XXI. Articles in gold, silver, and
precious stones; handsome tankards, vases, drinking - cups of lapis-lazuli
and enamelled gold: XIV. *14, 16. Dish and tankard from Kuremberg;
XV. 29-38. Gobleto; 61. Dish from Augsburg, 62. Early Russian ^Brothei^
hood* drinking-cup; XVI. *66. Ewer, **67. The celebrated salt-cellar of
Benvenuto Cellini, executed for Francis I. of France, *68, French drink-
ing-cup (16th cent.), 09. Drinking-cup of Frederick IV. (16th eent.), *70.
Dish by Chris. Jamnitzer. — XXU. Private jewels of the Austrian im-
perial family. 1-4. The Austrian regalia: crown, sceptre, and imperial
globe, of the time of Rudolph II. ; 6. Crown of the empress, reset in 1867.
The collection of jewels is of enormous value. 38. The celebrated Floren-

Coins and Antiques, VIENNA. 36. Routt. 203

tine diamond, 133Vs carats in weight, and valued at 67,449/., once the pro-
perty of Charles the Bold of Burgundy (it is said to have been found by a
peasant after the Battle of Iforat and sold to a Bernese merchant for 1 fl. ;
it was subsequently purchased by the Grand Duke of Tuscany, and is now set
in a hat-clasp). A collection of the decorations of different orders; «.(r. an
order of the Golden Fleece composed of 160 brilliants, with the so-called
^Frankfort solitaire^ (4SV2 carats) in the centre \ scarf with the Grand Gross
of the Maria Theresa order, with 648 brilliants, with a pink diamond in the
eentre (26 carats); star of Joseph II. ; magnineent ornaments with rubies,
emeralds, etc. — XXIII. The imperial baptismal vessels. — XXIV. State-
swords used at coronations and investitures. — XXV. Coronation-robes. —
XXVI. Insignia of Napoleon I. as King of Italy ; also the silver-^lt cradle
of the King of Rome , weighing 5 cwt. — XXVII. Older coronation-robes.

— XXVIII. Historical curiosities : 1. Staff of the president of the imperial
chamber, presented by Maximilian I. to his privv-counsellor and chancellor,
Frederick, Count of Hohenzollem on 13th Oct., 1496. 5. Horoscope (talisman)
of Wallenstein. 11. Snuff-box of Prince Kaunite. — XXIX. Insignia and
memorials of th« Holy Roman Iteipire, once preserved at Aix-la-Chapelle,
and afterwards at Nuremberg : the crown of Charlemagne , the sceptre,
imperial globe, dalmatica, alb, stole, girdle, coronation-robe, book of the
Gospels; swords of Charlemagne and of St. Mauritius; sabre of Haroun-
al-IUMchid ; also the relics which were shown during the coronation (frag*
ment of the Hrue Cross'', lance which pierced the Saviour'^s side, etc.).

2. The *€abi]iet of Coins and Antiques (adm. see p. 194)
contains ancient and modern hronzes , gems (cut stones , cameos
raised, intaglios receding) , precious curiosities, etc. The entrance
is in the Augustinergang, p. 20O; we ascend from the Josephs-
Platz to the second floor by the first staircase to the left, pass
through the archway opposite the winding staircase to the third
floor, ascend twelve steps, and follow the corridor to the glass-
door at the end of it.

To the right and left of the entrance basaltic figures of the Egyj^tian
cat-headed goddess Pasht. I. Boon. Collection of Vases. Five cabinets
contain Greek and Etruscan vases, the finest of which are in the 4th and
5th. In the centre six tables wiüi a selection of coins and medals afford-
ing a general historical survey. Adjoining Uie 2nd and Srd tables are two
*Marble Beliefs of the Hellenistic period, representing groups of animals
and landscapes. On the 4th table a large medal with portraits of the
Hapsburgs (1677); also («21) Gold medal of Isabella d^Este (d. 1539),
Margravine of Mantua, by (Man Cristoforo Bomano. — II. The Gallery oj
ßromes contains ancient flint weapons of ITorthem Europe, articles in
terracotta, etc. Bronzes: 2. Division, 532b. Bust of Jupiter: 711. l^oric Fam
nonian standard of weight. 3rd Transverse Cabinet : 1107. Grecian hero ;
1112. Youthful Bacchus ; 1069-1100. Twelve helmets found in Styria : 1103a.
Figure of a griffin belonging to a statue of Apollo. 4th Cabinet. 2nd Di-
vision , upper part : 1129, 1133. Venus putting on her sandals ; 1130, 1132.
Water-carriers; 1210. Ifercurv reposing; 1213. Mercury with attributes.
3rd Division, upper part: 1134. Proserpine; 1135. Hercules reposing. —
5th Table : Bronze tablet bearing a Roman Senatus consultum of A. U. C.
667 (B.C. 186), prohibiting the Bacchanalia (Livy xxxix., 8-18). — 6th-
8th Tables. Objects of the flint-period found at Horn in Lower Austria,
at Wiener-Keustadt , and in the pile-dwellings of the Lake of Garda.

— 9th and lOth Tables: Objects found in the Celtic graves near Hall-
statt^eapons, axes, armlets, bronze and gold trinkets, etc. — ilth cabinet,
2nd Division : Horse-trappings from Dalmatla. — 12th Cabinet , 2nd Divi-
sion : 5. Lid of a jar in embossed work from Hallstatt. — III. Cabinet of
Coins ^ numbering 160,000 specimens. The most valuable portions of this
collection are the cabinets of the Emperors Charles VI. and Francis I. and
of Duke Alexander of Lorraine ; also the sets of ancient Italian medals
from Borne , acquired by purchase, and the collection of Russian medals.

204 BouUay Vienna. Au^tutiner-Kirdte.

a bequeat by Prince KaunitB (specimens in the Gallery of Vases, see above).

— lY. Cabintt: Ancient classic coins. — *V. Room, Works of art in gold,
cut stones, etc. — On the right, 2$t Ccue: Antique cameos. 11. Hei^ of
Medusa in onyx; 22. Tiberius; 25. Eagle with a twig of palm, a large
onyx (8 in. wide); 33. Mercury. — 3nd: 2. Augustus and Borna; 3. Jupiter;
4. Tiberius; 6. Claudius and Agrippina; *19. Apotheosis of Augustus, a
celebrated cameo cut in an onyx 9 in. in diameter, with 20 figures : Au-
gustus as Jupiter on earth, enthroned with the goddess Borna ; then Tibe-
rius, Qermanicus, and allegorical figures (originally belonging to the church
of St. Semin at Toulouse, this cameo was presented by Francis I. to Pope
Clement VII. in 1588 and afterwards sold to Emp. Budolph II. for 12.(XX)
ducats) ; 21. Ptolemy Philadelphus and Arsinoe ; 96. Livia ; 38. Vespasian.

— 3rd and 4th: Intaglios (stones for rings and seals). 360. Pallas. —
6th: 14-17. Diptychs (iyory tablets); 18-21. Necklaces from Herculaneum;
36. Jimo ; 66. Vase of agate, 29Vs in. in diameter, from the bridal treasure
of Mary of Burgundy; 59. Boman glass. On the transverse case are an
ivory bust of Augustus and an ivory casket of the 11th century. To the
left is a marble statuette of Artemis, from Cyprus, with traces of the
original colourin|;. — 7th: Objects in silver. 41. Votive shield; 42. Cen»
taur. — 8th: Objects in gold, of the period of the barbarian migrations;
those in the 1st and 2nd sections were found at Gross Szt, Miklos in the
Banat. 17. Seal of Alaric, King of the Goths ; 23. The largest known vessel
of solid gold, weighing 614 ducats. — 9th: Objects in gold, of Boman and
Etruscan workmanship. — 10th: Show-utensils, in agate and crystal (16th
and 17th cent). 37. Sword-hilt chased in silver ; 46a. Vessel of gold with
127 cameos and numerous precious stones (belonging to No. 68) ; 47. Vase of
onyx; 68. Large gilded dish (^Cleopatra's^) ; 69. Bosary. — IJIth: A collec-
tion of 168 gems carved by L. Siri^i (18th cent.). Below, old glass. — ^
13th: Cameos in rings. — 13a. Timoni Collection of gems. — 14th: Necklace
of the Order of the Golden Fleece, consisting of 49 shells with portraits of
the sovereigns of Austria from Budolph I. to Ferdinand III. ; 128. Maxi-»
milian I.« in marble; 130. Charles V., a bust in marble. — 16th: 16. Ma<
donna; 18. Nativity; 22. Queen Elizabeth of England; *29. Leda and the
swan, by Benvenuto Cellini; 33. Hadrian. On the table between the win-
dows: Terracotta figures from Tanagra.

c. The S,E, Part of the Inner City.

In the JoBepbs-Platz (p. 201), opposite the statue , is the Ta-*
lais PallaviciniQVl, 74a; No. 6), built in 1784; the colossal double
Caryatides at the entrance are by Zauner. No. 6 is the Italian Em-
bassy. In the Augustinergasse, which leads hence S. to the Opera-
house, stands the Angiutiner-Kirche (PL 47; court-church), be-
gun in 1330, a Gothic building with an unusually long choir (nave
60 ft., choir 75 ft. high). The tower, dating from 1860, replaces
the old one burned down in 1848.

Opposite the entrance stands the beautiful marble *Montanent of the
Archdttchess Maria Christina (d. 1796, daughter of the Empress Maria The-
resa), by Canova. In a vault nearly adjacent, closed by a gate, is the
monument of Emp. Leopold II. (d. 1792), in marble by Zauner. By the
wall is the monument of Marshal Daun (d. 1766) , erected by Maria The-
resa to this ^patriae liberator'. Van Swieten (d. 1772), the physician of
the Empress, also reposes here. The Loretto Chapel, added in 1627, con-
tains the hearts of deceased members of the imperial family, preserved in
urns. — Abraham a Sancta Clara (d. 1709) was preacher at this church.

Nearly opposite the church is the small Lobkowitt- Platz with
the Palais of Prince Lobkowitz (1685-90), now occupied by the
French ambassador. To the right stood formerly the Burger-Hos-
vital, which has become the property of a building-society and

Capuchin Church, VIENNA. 35. Route, 205

been replaeed by modern ediflceB. The handsomest part of this
groap of buildings is the Kämtnerhof, with a large glass-cOYcred
court, and the sumptuous Ziererhof, which contains the premises
of the Jockey Club. Opposite, at the corner of the Augustiner^
bastei, rises the Albreehts^Brunnenj occupying the site of the old
Kärntner Thor, erected by the Emp. Francis Joseph in 1869, adorned
with marble statues by Meixner. In the centre the Danube with
Yindobona ; on the right the Theiss, Raab, Enns, Traun, and Inn ;
on the left the Save, March, Salzach, Mur, and Drave.

On the Augustinerbastei stands the Palace of Archduke Albert
(PI. 82), built in 1801-4, extensively altered In 186ö-67,and con-
taining the * Albertina, or library of the archduke, together with a
celebrated collection of engravings and drawings (adm. see p. 193).

This collection, one of the most valuable in Europe, ia cbiefly remark-
able for itA Drawinffty 117,000 in number. Among them are 144 by Raphael
00 indisputably authentic; the study of the battle with the Saracens at
Ostia was presented by Raphael to Dürer in 1615), 160 by Dürer, 150 by
Bubens (nearly all genuine), and 147 by Rembrandt (100 authenticated;
the latest existing collection of Rembrandt''s drawings). Among the
most interesting are the portrait of Emp. Max I., the so-called *Green
Passion'', the hare, the flowers, etc., by Dilrer, and the numerous etchings
and sketches by jäembrandt. The number of Engraving» exceeds 230,000,
the older masters being copiously represented (Coronation of Mary, a niello
by Finigturray the works of Marc-Antonio Raimondi in beautiful specimens,
etc.). The finest plates are framed and exposed to view in cabinets. —
The Librarp contains 60,000 toIs. , many of them magnificent illustrated
works ; also a collection of 24,000 Maps and Plant.

Opera House, Ring-Strasse, etc., see p. 213 et seq.

The Klostergasse leads to the E. from the Lobkowitz-Platz to the
New Mabxbt, ot Mehlmarkt (PI. D, 4). The ^Fountain in the centre,
by Raph. Donner (1739), represents the chief rivers of the Arch-
duchy (Enns, Ips, Traun, and March) which fall into the Danube.

On the W. side of the market-place is the Capuchin Church
(PL 49), a rococo edifice of 1622, containing the Imperial Vault.
The latter is open to the public on All Saints' Day and All Souls'
Day (1st and 2nd Nov.)» and to strangers dally 9-12 and 1-4 o'clock.
Application is made to the Father Treasurer, and a monk will be
found in the sacristy to act as guide (a donation for the poor ex-
pected). A passage leads down the middle of the long vault, be-
tween numerous coffins (upwards of 100), most of them of copper.

In front is the large double sarcophagus of Maria Theresa (d. 1780)
and her husband Francis I. (d. 1765) ^ then Joseph XL (d. 179()) ; Francis II.
(d. 1836); Harie Louise, Empress of the French (d. 1847), and her son the
Duke of Reichstadt (d. 1832); Emp. MaximUian of Mexico (d. 1867)^ with
two silver wreaths (that of palm-leaves placed here by his widow).
In the side -vault on the left Archduke Charles (d. 1847); Leopold U- (d.
1792). In the side-vault to the right (dark) the older sarcophagi, most of
them richly decorated : Charles VI. (d. 17^, Leopold I. (d. 1706), Joseph I.
(d. 1711), Matthias (d. 1619). The last-named, with his empress, were the
first members of the imperial family buried here, while Ferdinand I.
(d. 1875> and his wife Maria Anna (d. 1884) were the last.

The short Schwanengasse leads hence to the busy KarrUner-
Strasse, one of the chief arteries of traffic in the inner city. Opposite,

206 EouU 36, VIENNA. Oreek Chureh\

ftt tlie comer of the Johannisgasse, is situated the Kältete Chareh
(PI. 55), or St. John the BaptUt^Sy attended by the Hi^ngarian
community. It contains an honorary monument in plaster to the
Grand Master Layalette, representing the fortress of Malta. — The
Churoh of St. A]mA(Pl. 46), in the adjacent Annagasse, rebullt in
the rococo style after its destruction by fire in 1747, was formerly
a church of the Jesuits and is now used by a French congregation
(French sermon on Sundays); the firesooes and image of the Yirgin
are by D. Gran. — A little to the N. , Himjnelpfortgasse 8, is
the Offtee of the Minister of Finance , an edifice in a rich rococo
style, with a handsome vestibule and staircase, erected by HUdef-
brand and Fischer von Erlach in 1703 ; it was originally the pa-
lace of Prince Eugene of Savoy, who died here in 1736. — To the
E., in the SeiUrstatte are the Stadt- Theater, burned down in 1884
and now rebuilding as a large music-hall (Ronacher^s), and the Palace
of the Duke of Coburg (p. 216).

From the N. end of the Seilerstätte we return through the
Singer-Strasse to the Graben. The Imperial Printing Of&ee (PI.
40; adm., see p. 194), on the left side of the Singer-Strasse, com-
prehends every kind of graphic reproduction, by means of printing-
presses, stereotyping, lithography, etc. The Bouse of the Teutonic
Order (No. 7) occupies the site of a commandery and chapel of
1200 ; the church, richly adernod with coats-of-arms, banners, and
monuments, was erected in 1326, but has since been substantially
rebuilt.

From the Stephans - Platz the animated Rothenthumi' Strasse
runs N.E. to the Leopoldstadt. The second cross -street to the
right (Lugecky then BäckerStr,) leads to the small üniversitäts»
Platzy in which rises the University Church (the property of the
Jesuits), erected in 1628-31 in the rococo style. The frescoes in
the dome, executed by Andr. Pozzo early in the 18th cent. , were
restored by P. KrafFt in 1834; the high altar-piece is by Kupel-
wieser. Adjacent (No. 2) is the old building of the University, occu-
pied since 1857 by the Academy of Sciences (founded in 1846).

In the Fieischmarkt (No. 13), the next street diverging on the
right from the Rothenthurm-Str., stands the Oreek Chareh (PI.
52; E, 3), built in 1804. The new Byzantine facade, designed
by Hanseny was added in 1858 at the expense of Baron Sina (d.
1876) ; the frescoes on gold ground are by Rahl. The vestibule con-
tains some paintings by Bitterlich and Eisenmenger, and the in-
terior is adorned with frescoes by Thiersch. — The Church of St,
Barbara (PI, 48), in the neighbouring Postgasse, carefully restor-
ed in 1852, belongs to the 'United GreeV congregation. In the
same street are the Office of the Minister of Commerce (No. 8), the
Post Office Savings Bank (No. 9), and the General Post Office (Nos. 10
&12).

Old Rathhaut. VIENNA. 35. Route. 207

d. The N. W. Fart cf the Itmer City.

From the N-W. end of the Graben the Naglergasse and Bogner-
gasse lead in a straight direction to the Hof and the Freyung, while
the Tfieklauben to the right (No. 8 t\ie Austrian Kunstvetein, p. 194)
leads to the Hohb Markt (PI. D, 3), supposed to ha^e been the
forum of the Roman Vindohona (p. 196). The 8ina Palace (No.
8), restored by Hansen and decorated by Rahl, is part of the Berg-
hof, the oldest house in Vienna , where the Roman Praetorium is
said once to have stood. In the centre rises a Yotive Koniiment
designed by Erlach, representing the marriage of the Virgin, erected
by Charles VI. in 1732 in commemoration of the bravery of Joseph I.
at the siege of Landau, and restored in 1852. On each side of it
is a fountain. Between the Hohe Markt and the Danube lay the
old Jews' Quarter, From the N. angle of the Markt the new Marc-
Aurel-Str. and Vorlauf-Str. lead to the Salzgries and the Danube.
— No. 8 Wipplinger Str., a short distance to the W., is the Old
BatUiaiiB (PI. 80), the oldest part of which, next to the Salvator-
gasse, dates from 1456, while the facade in front ia from 1706. Most
of the rooms are now let to priyate persons. In the court is a Foufi"
tain with Perseus and Andromeda by Donner. Opposite the Rath-
haus (No. 11), at the corner of the Judenplatz, are the offices of
the Minister of the JfUerioty erected by Fischer yon Erlach in 1716.
New Rathhaus, see p. 211 .

Adjoining the old Rathhaus is the Salvator-CapeUe , or Chapel
of the Rathhaus (PI. 61), consisting of two chapels united by an
Archway,, the older dating from 1360, the other, and the fine Re-
naissance portal, from 1540. The tower was added in 1867. The
chapel is used by an Old-Catholic congregation.

The church of lüuia- Stiegen ('Maria am Qestade' ; PI. 58) in
the Salyatorgasse, attended by a Bohemian congregation, dates from
1340-65; when the Gothic style had attained its highest perfection.
It W4S restored in 1820, and possesses handsome altars and old and
modem stained glass. For some unexplained reason the narrow and
lofty naye, which is without aisles, joins the choir in a slightly ob-
lique direction. The heptagonal tower (190 ft.) terminates in an ele-
gant open-work dome.

We now return to theWipplinger-Str., where we haye a glimpse,
between Nos. 22 and 24, of the 'Tiefe Graben'. The Färbergasse
leads hence to the Hof (PI. D, 3), the largest square in the interior
of the city, where stood, as an inscription on No. 14 (see below) in-
form us, the Old casÜe of the margrayes and dukes of the house of
Babenberg (p. 196). In the centre rises the Mariensäule, or Co^
lumn of St. Mary J erected by Leopold I. in 1664 in honour of the
Immaculate Conception. In the S.£. corner of the Platz is the War
Office (No. 14). Adjoining it is the Church am Eof(Vl. 45), for-
meily belonging to the Jesuits, of the 15th cent., with a facade in
the rococo style added in 1662. The handsome building opposite is

208 RouU35. YISimA. Harraeh Qaütry:

the Austrian CrediUAnaiaU (PI. 25; No. 6), adorned with six statues
by Gasser. The Civic Arsenal (PI. 109), in the N,W, corner of the
Platz, built in 1562, with a facade of 1732, has yielded Its collec-
tion of weapons to the New Rathhaus (p. 211).

The SreTungy the adjoining Platz on the VT., is adorned with a
* Fountain by Schwanthaler , a column wreathed with oak-leaves,
surmounted by a figure of Austria; below, the rivers Danube, Elbe,
Vistula, and Po.

On the left side of the Freyung (No. 3) is Count HartacKs Palace
rpl. 87), built in 1689, containing the Harraoh Picture Gallery
(adm. see p. 194) on the second floor. It contains about 400 pictu-
res, well arranged in four rooms and two Cabinets, and lighted from
above. Entrance by the door to the left.

I* Room. Flemish and Dutch Sebool0. 1. /><, Fruit; 4. ffeda^ StiU-
life; 11-15. Valkenburff, StfU-life; 16. Jae. van E»y Fishmonger; 17. Paul
Potter (?), Cows; 79. Berehem, Forest-scene; 47. F. 8nyder$, -Stag-hnnt;
<16e. FUmUh School, Three girls with mvsical inMnunents; *40. O. 8ehal-
cken, Peter recognised by the servant of the High Priest; 41. Weenix, Abra-
ham's migration; 63, ^. D. Teniert the Tounger, Boors smoking; 71.
Ryekaert^ Plunderers; 72, 73. School of Rembrandt^ Two heads; Jurian
Ovene, 78. Girl with a dead hen, 79. Girl with grapes; 81. <7rv^0r, Gh«en-
wich; 85. W. van de Velde^ Malta; 89. Ori/ßer, Windsor; 111, 111 I»aae
van de Velde, Camp in the Thirty Tears' War. — II. Room. Italian and
French Schools. *119. Claude Lorrain, Sunset; 132. /. Vernetz Landscape
Objured by a bullet daring the bombardment of 1848); 120. And. del Sarto(i)y
Holy Family; 137. Luini^ Madonna and Child; 189. Paul Veroneie. Christ
washing the feet of his disciples; 140. Pordenoney Madonna; 141. Fra
Bartolormneo^ Madonna; 146. After Perugino, Madonna enthroned; Tintoretto,
149. Crudttxion, IM. Temptation of St. Anthony; 188. A, Sabbatino, Repose
on the Flight into Egypt; I5i. M, de Vos, Descent from the Cross; 161.
P. Veronese, The widow of Darius before Alexander the Great; 169. Al-
heuU, Repose on the Flight into Egypt; 172. After Ouido Reni, Beatrice Cend;
174. Giro Ferri, Adoration of the Shepherds; «190. Raphael Mengt, Nativity;
*191. Battoni, Susanna in the bath; 205. /. Fsmsf. Landscape; 206. Jfa-
ratta. Repose on the Flight into Egypt; *212, 214, 215, 216. /. Vemet, Land-
scapes. — III. Rook. Spanish and Italian (T^eapoUtan) Schools. 23o. Man-
fredi. Murder of Amnon ; 390. CoeUo, Madonna and Child, with St Anns
and St. Ci^etan; 243. Solimena, Adam and Eve; ^, 266. Balvator Rosa,
Boclcy landscapes; 264. Caravaggio, Lucretia; 265. Ribera^i. Jerome; 266.
Salv. Rota, St. Jerome; 389. Ribera, Queen of Heaven; 271. Correggio Qf),
Christ on the Mt. of Olives ; 273. Salvatcr Rota, St. Bartholomew; 274. Luini,
Madonna; *'275. Murillo C?), Esau selling his birthright; P, da Gortona, *277.
Capture of Samson. *281. Abraham^s sacrifice; *285. Luea Oitrdano, Isaac
blessing Jacob; 286. Caravaggio, Massacre of the Innocents. — >- The 1st
Cabinet Contains a few pictures of no gteat interest. — The 3nd Cabinet
or Tribuna contains the gems of the collection. 293. Canaletto, The Frey-
ung, with the Palais Harrach; 294. Holbein (?), Morits von Ellen; *295.
Carenno, Philipp IV. of Spain; *297. Hohbema, Landscape; **B. van Otleu,
Adoration of the Magi; 801. P. irms^AsI, The Seven Works of Mercy ; *80i.
Van Dyck, Portrait; 305. Rubens, Head of a child; **307. Velazquet, In-
fant of Spain in the dress of a cardinal ; '^316. *Dom. OMrlandc^o, Nati-
vity; 314. Jac. RiUsdaa, Landscape; 816. Veronese^ St. Lawrence ( 817.
Carenno, A nun; 320. Cranaeh the Elder, A princess and her son; 321. i2sm^
brandt (school - piece), Niece of the Due de Kivemois; *3IZ2. Everdingen^
Rocky landscape; 323. Rubens, Heads of Moors : 324. Dürer (?), Portrait; 326.
Cugp, Cows; 326. Van öouda. Portrait; *329. TUia», St. Sebastian; 830.
Luini, Madonna; 338. J/urt2/o, CrudAxion; 340. ^i/aro. Nun; 341. Leon, da
Finc«(?), Bearing of the Cross.

Minorite Church. VIENNA. 35, Route. 209

The adjoining honse (No. 4) is the Palace of Prince Kinsky^
with a richly-decorated facade, built by Hildebrand in 1710 for
Count Daun. Opposite, between the Freyung, Schottengasse, and
Schottensteiggasse, lies the s^^aLGioua Schottenhof (jß, 197). TheSchot-
tenkirohe (PI. 62), with a handsome high - altai and paintings by
Sandrart, contains the tombs of Count Starhemberg (d. 1701), the
braye defender of the city against the Turks in 1683, and of Duke
Heinrich Jasomirgott (d. 1177; in the vault).

At the N.E. comer of the Platz (Benngasse 4) is the Palace of
Count Schonbom (PI. 91) , with the Sohonbom Picture Gallery
on the first floor (adm., see p. 194 ; door to the right in the entrance).

I. Room. 5, 7. Oranaehy Portraits ; 9. /. Brueghel, A village fair \ i2.
CaravaffgiOy Lute-player \ 13. Oiorffione, Man in armour ; 15. Wynants, Land-
scape; 17. RubenSy Faun with a basket of fruit; 18. F. Bol^ Hagar in the
desert; 19. Van Dyck, Cupid. — II. Room. 25, 28. Weenix, Game; 27. Te-
niers the Younffer, A savant; 31. Jkm. Oran, The Prodigal Son^ 32. Van
Goyen, View of Dort; 36. Carlo DolcL Portrait; *41. ffolbein, Portrait of a
man ; i2.Ver8chtiringf Seaport-town ; 43.i/ete«, The letter- writer ; 45. Mignon,
Madonna surrounded with flowers ; 46. Ouido JReni^ Diana ; 47. Bondecoeter,
Poultry; 48. CHgnani, Venus and Cupid; 49. DmnenichinOj A general. —
Room III. : 52. Ostade, Peasants merry-making ; 55. Flemish Master, Adora-
tion of the Magi; 56. Unknoton Master, Joseph in prison"; 68. Rngendas,
Cavalry skirmish; 69. Broutoer, Village leech ; 78. J. £«y«(lael, Landscape;
74. Dau, A savant ; 76. J. BuysdaO, Chateau of Bentheim ; 79. After Rem-
brandt, Descent from the Cross; So. Early German /School, Eve; 86. Rubens,
Study of a head for the Lion Hunt at Munich ; 90. Van Dyck, Virgin and
Child; 92. Qriffier, Rhenish scene; *98. RemJbrandt, The blinding of Sam-
son ; 96. Van Ooyen, Landscape ; 97. After Ouido Rent, Ecce Homo. — IV.
Room: 100. Early German School, Adam; 106. Qriffier, Rhenish scene; 106.
J, Weenix, Dead birds; 109. Tenters the Younger, The Temptation; 111.
A. van der Jfeer, Winter-scene.

Adjoining the Harraoh Palace on the left is the Bankgeb&ade
(PI. 10 ; No. 2), erected by Ferstel in 1856-60 in the Italian style.
The passage (bazaar) contains a handsome fountain in bronze with
a nymph of the Danube by Fernkom. — The court of the Monte--
nuovo Palace (now the Anglo-Austrian Bank), Strauchgasse No. 1,
is embellished with a fountain-group of *St. George and the Dragon
by Fernkom.

The HerrengasseleAds to the left to the Michaeler-Platz (p. 199).
No. 13 is the Niederosterreiehische Landhaus, or assembly-hall of
the diet of Lower Austria, with a good facade, containing the col-
lections of the Agricultural Society (adm., see p. 193). On the right,
farther on (No. 11), is the Statthalterei, or government-buildings. The
back of the Landhaus adjoins the Minoriten-Platz. The Minorite
Chnreh (PI. 60), that of the Italians, built in the 14th cent., with
a handsome E. portal, contains an admirable Mosaic Copy (28^/4 ft.
long and 1472 ^t* l^iglQ ^^ Leonardo da Vincf s Last Supper, by
Raffaelij executed in lö06-14, by order of Napoleon, at a cost of
400,000 fl. (20,000^) and placed here in 1846. On the right is
the monument of the poet Metaatasio (d. 1782), a sitting marble
figure by Lucardi. — A little to the S. , on the N. side of the
Burg, is the BaUhaua-Platz with the Foreign and Crovm Office.

Baedbk£b''s S. Germany. 6th Edit. 14

210 Route 35, VIENNA. Ring-Strasse.

By the Löwel-Str. and the Bankgasse (No. 9 in which is the
imposing Palace of Prince Liechtenstein, erected in 1694) we may
now return to the Herrengasse on the right, or proceed to the left
to the Franzeus-Ring (see below).

e. The Ring-Sirasse,

The*Bing-Strasse, which in conjunction with the Franz'Josephs-
Quai (see p. 218) encircles the entire inner city, has been constructed
mainly on the site of the old ramparts and glacis, and ayerages
55 yds. in width. Its length from the Aspern Bridge to the end of
the Schottenring is 2 M. The handsomeness of its architecture
is perhaps unsurpassed in any other European capital , but many
of the buildings are more showy than tasteful.

In the ScHOTTBN-RiNG (PI. D, 3), to the left, at the corner of
the Währinger-Str. , stands the Hotel de France (p. 187). Farther
on, at the corner of the Hessgasse, on the site of the Ring Theatre^
which was burned to the ground, with terrible loss of life,
8th Dec, 1881, stands the Stiftungshaus (PI. 95a), a charitable
institution containing a 'Ohapelle Expiatoire' ('Sühnkapelle') on the
first floor. Beyond it is the Police Office (PI. 76), formerly
the Hotel Austria. On the right rises the Exchange (PI. 11a),
built in the Renaissance style by Hansen and Tietz at a cost of
5,000,000 fl., and consisting of a rectangular block of buildings
300 ft. in length and 325 ft. in depth. The handsome facade is
lavishly adorned with marble, terracotta, and reliefs. In the centre
is a portico of five arches with two rows of columns. The magni-
ficent vestibule and the large business-hall are worth Inspection.
On the first floor (entrance from the Börsengasse) is the *^Lndels-
Maseum (adm. see p. 194), which contains an extensive collection
of Oriental articles, chiefly from E. Asia (natural products, manu-
factures , models , etc.). It includes a Reading Room with a se-
lection of Oriental journals. — Behind the Exchange, at the corner
of the Börsen-Platz and Wipplinger-Str., is the Central Telegraph
Office (PI. 97a).

At the N. end the Schottenring is bounded by the Danube
Canal, on the bank of which, to the right, extends the Franz-
Josephs-Quai , flanked with handsome modern buildings (comp,
p. 218). — On the left is the extensive Rudolfs-Caserne (PI. 20 ;
D, 2), opposite which the new Augartenbrücke crosses the canal to
the Leopoldstadt. The four bronze figures on the pillars at the ends
of the bridge represent Painting, Poetry, Commerce, and Astronomy.

The Schottenring is adjoined on the S. by the •Fbanzbns-Rino
(PI. C, 3, 4), where a number of magnificent new buildings have
been erected, which make this section of the Ringstrasse one of
the finest parts of Vienna. To the right, at the comer of the
Universitäts-Str. and opposite the Votivkirche (p. 235), rises the
^university (adm., see p. 194), a large quadrangular structure in

New Bathhaus. VIENNA. 35. Route. 211

the style of the early Tascan Renaissance, huilt by Ferstel, It con-
tains accommodation for the university collections, the library
(see below) and most of the lecture - rooms. A large flight of
steps ascends to the portico , which is adorned with sculptures,
and opens on the vestibule of the lofty aula. The centre of the
W. fagade is occupied by the university Library, built in imitation
of Ste. Geneviöve at Paris , and containing 320,000 vols, and a
fine reading-room, divided according to faculties (296 seats; open
in summer 9-5, in winter 9-1 and 5-8). — The University, founded
in 1365, reorganised under Maria Theresa by the celebrated phy-
sician Van Swieten, and now attended by about 6000 students
and occasional hearers , has a staff of 350 professors and lecturers.
The medical faculty enjoys a European reputation. The following
establishments are also connected with the University : the Obser'
vatory (p. 239); the Physical InstituU (Türken-Str. 3); the Bota-
nical Garden with herbaria (Rennweg 14 , see p. 220) ; the Che-
mieal Laboratory (p. 236) ; the Pathological Museum (in the General
Hospital, p. 235); the Protestant Theological Faculty (Mariannen-
gasse 25, Alsergrund); the Anatomical Institute (p. 236), etc.

At No. 7 Universitat8-Str., beyond the university, are the Offi-
ces of the Commander-in-Chief (PI. 35a)f an imposing rectangle in
the style of the Renaissance, erected in 1872-74 by Doderer. The
doorway is embellished with Atlantes by Pilz.

The next large building in the Franzens-Ring, but lying about
165 yds. back from the street, is the **irew Bathham , built in
1873-83 by Schmidt in the Gothic style, at a cost of 15 million
florins (750,000 Z.),and lavishly adorned with statues. The build-
ing encloses seven courts, the largest of which is surrounded with
arcades. The most noteworthy features of the interior (adm. see p.l94)
are the Magistrates' Assembly - Rooms ; the handsome Council
Chamber, adorned with frescos by Müller ; the Public Hall under
the tower (328 ft. high); the two main staircases, with their
marble columns and gilded railings ; aud the large and lofty Re-
ception Hall, containing statues of ten former Burgomasters of
Vienna. The balconies afford a good view of the handsome square
adjoining the Rathhaus. The first floor is devoted to the Jlfiifii-
cipal Library , containing a valuable collection of books relating
to Vienna (open daily, except Sun., 9-1), and to the *Mt7Nicipal
Collection of A&ms and Abhoub (entr. by the II. Staircase ; adm.,
see p. 193).

I. Boom (Vestibule). Bscutcheons borne at the funeral of Emp. Fre-
derick IV.; Milanese armour; Gothic suit of horseman''s armour (15th cent.);
finely painted shields and long pikes (^Ahlspiesse") of the 16-17th cent.
— II. Room. Swords, dauere, arquebuses (Ißth cent.). — III. Boom. Spears,
pikes, and lances; civic suits of armour, finely chased suits of armour
(503,593; 16th cent.). The cases contain guns and pistols (15-16th cent.),
cross-bows, wheel-lock muskets and revolvers, hunting weapons, catapult-
bows. On the walls are groups of arms and armour; also the Vienna
standards used during the two sieges by the Turks. — IV. Boom. Dark-
coloured and black armour; a Hungarian breast-plate; numerous trophies

14*

212 Route 35. VIENNA. Imperial Museums.

from the second Turkish siege (1683), flanked by busts of Gharlea of Lorraine
and Starhemberg ; the skull of the Grand Vizier Kara Muatapha, with
the silken cord with which he was strangled after his unsuccessful exped-
ition against Vienna (p. 196); his grave-clothes with Arabic inscriptions,
chiefly from the Koran (jthe body was exhumed after the taking of
Belgrade, and the head separated from it and brought to Vienna); Üie
^Banner of Blood% captured from the Turks in 1684 ; other Turkish flags,
horse-tails, arms, etc. On the walls lint-stocks, wheel -lock muskets,
banner of the bakers'* guild. From the ceiling hangs the fine standard
of Count Herberstein, a knight of St. John. — V. Booh. Turkish weapons
from the wars of Prince Eugene and Marshal Loudon ; French weapons of
1806-9, grouped round a bust of Emp. Francis I. Weapons and banners
of the Municipal guards of Vienna ; blunderbusses. The cases contain orna-
mented swords, daggers, and Turkish 'hax\jars\ — VI. Booh (Corridor).
Hofer*s Alpenstock; muskets of the Vienna National Guard of 1848; wea-
pons and banners of the Municipal Guards; six gun-barrels presented to
the citizens by Üie emperor in 1800; uniforms worn by Emp. Francis I.
at the Battle of Leipsic und the Entry into Paris. Busts of Wrbna and
Saurau. — VII. Booh. Weapons of the Vienna National Guard; banners
of the Student«' Corps of 1848 and theTyrolese riflemen of 1848 and 1859;
models of the Vienna Volunteers (1869 und 1866).

The spaces in front of and behind the Rathhans are tastefnlly
laid out with flower-beds. — Opposite, on the left side of the Ring-
Str. , is the new *Coiixt Theatre (Hojfschauspielhaus), a handsome
Renaissance edifice with numerous columns, designed by Semper
and Hctsenauer, and to be opened in 1887.

Farther on, on the right side of theRing-Str., facing the Yolks-
garten, is the imposing *BeiclLgratli8geb&ade) or Houses of Par^
Uament (adu., see p. 194), in the Greek style, by Hansen, The
portico adjoins the atrium , from which we enter the magnificent
peristyle, borne by 34 monolithic marble columns and adorned
with a frieze representing important erents in Austrian history.
The Chamber of Deputies on the left and the Upper House on the
right form two independent buildings, adorned with marble statues
and basreliefs and surmounted at the corners with bronze qua-
driga). The lower wings uniting these buildings contain the offi-
ces, committee-rooms, etc.

Beyond the Houses of Parliament , to the left, in the Yolks-
garten-Str., is the *Palaoe of Justice, built in the German Renais-
sance style by Wielemanns in 1875-81 and containing the supreme
courts of the Austrian empire. In the magnificent hall in the centre
is a marble statue of Justice by Pendl, 10 ft in height.

In the Bubo-Ring (PI. D, 0, Ö), opposite the Burg-Platz, are
the new *ImperialHiueii]n8, extending from theBellaria-Str. to the
Babenberger-Str. The two buildings, which are exact counterparts
of each other, were erected in the Renaissance style by Semper and
Hasenauer. That on the W. was built for the natural history col-
lections, while the other is destined for art-collections. The ex-
teriors, which are lavishly adorned with sculpture, were completed
in 1879. On the domes are colossal statues of Helios and Athena,
while round the cornices are statues of celebrated artists and na-
turalists (28 of each). The figures .of Architecture and Artistic

Opera House. VIENNA. 35. Route. 213

Industry, by Kundmann , at the chief portal of the E. museum,
are two of the most successful statues in the whole building. The
Natural History Museum already contains part of its collections,
but is not yet open to the public ; the Interior of the other mu-
seum is still unfinished. In the space between the museums, a
grand Monument to the Empress Maria Theresa, designed by Zum-
busch, is shortly to be unveiled. — In the Hofstall-Str., behind
the museums , are situated the extensive buildings of the Im-
perial Stables (adm., see p. 194), which contain a gunroom,
saddle-room, riding-school, etc., all worthy of inspection.

The Burgring is continued to the E. by the Opbbn-Rinö (PI. D,
4). To the left, in the Albrechtgasse, is a new wing of the Palace
of Archduke Albert (PI. 69), connected by a covered passage with
the palace (p. 203) on the Augustinerbastei. Farther on, between
the Operngasse and the Kämtner-Str., rises the —

*Imperial Opera House (PI. 99), a magnificent Renaissance edi-
fice, completed in 1861-69 by Van der NiUl and Siccardshurg.

The sumptuous decorations of the interior were executed by Schwind,
Engerth, Bahl, and others. On the handsome staircase are medallion-por-
traits of the architects \ the parapet is adorned with marble statues of tide
seven liberal arts (Architecture, Sculpture, Poetrv, Dancing, Music, the
Drama, and Painting), by Gasser. Adjoining the *foyer*, which is richly
embellished with operatic scenes by Schwind and busts of celebrated com-
posers, is an open loggia" or balcony towards the street, also decorated
with frescoes by Schwind (scenes from the *Zauberflöte') and bronze figures
of Heroism, Tragedy, Fantasy, Comedy, and Love by Hähnel. The winged
horses on the pedestals to the right and left above the balcony are iQso
by Hähnel. The Interior, with seats for 2350 spectators, is richly gilded
and painted; on the principal curtain is a representation of the legend of
Orpheus, designed by Bahl. The fronts of the boxes are embellished
with thirty medallions of distinguished members of the Viennese opera
during the last hundred years. Admission to inspect the interior, see p. 194.

In the Opernring, opposite the Opera House, stands the Hein-
richhof (PI. 39) , an imposing edifice by Hansen , the property of
Baron von Dräsche. The upper part of the front is decorated with
frescoes on a gold ground by Rahl. — The Elisabeth-Str., at the
back of the Heinriohhof , leads to the SchilUr-Platz (PI. D, 4, 5),
which is adorned with the ^Schiller Homunent (PI. o4b) by Schil-
ling, unveiled in 1876. The bronze statue of the poet stands
upon a lofty, bronze pedestal, at the comers of which are sitting
figures representing the four ages. At the sides are figures of
Genius (in front), Poetry, Science, and Human Love (behind). On
the pedestal are medallion-reliefs of Pegasus, the pelican, the tra-
gic mask, and the head of Minerva. — On the W. side of the
square is the Ministry of Justice ; on the S. side is the Academy of
Art (PI. 1), a Renaissance edifice built by Hansen in 1872-76. The
windows in the richly - decorated upper stories alternate with
niches containing terracotta copies of celebrated ancient statues ;
between the windows of the upper floor are allegorical figures ^al
fresco' on a gold ground.

214 Route 35, VIENNA. Academy,

The Academy, founded in 1692 by Leopold I., and frequently re-or-
ganised, has occupied its present position as a school or college of art
since lo72. In 1876 the institution and its extensive collections were
transferred from the St. Annagasse to the new building in the Sehiller-
Platz.

Adjoining the vestibule is the Aula , forming the chief room of the
Museum of Casts (adm., see p. 198), which contains a rich collection of
copies (1450 in number) of ancient, medisval, and modem sculptures,
and also several interesting original works. Of these the finest are a
^Torso of Hera, of the best period of Greek workmanship, the leaden
model of Fischer'^s Anatomy, and reliefs, busts, and statues by Raphael Don-
ner, Beyer, Zauner, etc.

The Entresol on the S. side (entrance by the W. corridor) contains
the Library and the collection of Engravings and Drawings (about 17,000
drawings and water-colours, 61,000 engravings and wood-cuts, öOOO photo-
graphs ; open daily 3-7, in summer 3-6). The most interesting of the draw-
ings are the works of Koch (landscapes from Italy, illustrations of Dante,
etc.), Führich''s scenes from the Prodigal Son, those by Genelli, and ad-
miraole works by Schnorr, Steinle, Schwind, Wächter, Schwanthaler, and
others. Among the most important engravings are those comprised in the
Hüsgen collection of Durer's works (with a lock of Diirer's hair).

The ^Picture Gallery (adm., see p. 198) is on the first floor (entrance
by the W. corridor). The greater part of this valuable collection (760 works)
was presented by Count Anton Lamberg in 1812. Almost every school of paint-
ing is represented, but the glory of the collection consists in its specimens
of the Netherlandish masters of the 17th cent., e.g. Van der Heer of Delft,
Van Goyen, Buysdael, Willem van de Velde, and the architectural and
flower-painters. The Graces by Rubens deserve special mention. — In
1835 the Emp. Ferdinand presented 84 pictures, mostly of the Venetian
school, which were never adequately exhibited until the completion of
the new building. — The remainder of the collection consists of modern
works purchased by government, and a few portraits and compositions by
H. Füger, bequeathed by his son.

The gallery consists of a hall facing the S., a corridor narallel to the
hall and lighted from the X., two large corner-pavilions, ana several side-
rooms. As a re-arrangement of the pictures is now in progress, it will suffice
to mention here a selection of the most meritorious works without indicating
their positions. Lampi, Portrait of Canova; Kollonitseh^ Portrait of Count
Lamberg, founder of the gallery ; Bonifacio, Finding of Moses \ Titian, Cupid
sitting on a wall ; *Paul Veronese , Annunciation ^ MazzoUno, Virgin and
Child ; *F. Franda , Virgin enthroned ^ Bonifacio, Gentlemen and ladies
at a rustic repast } *" Velazquez, Consort of Philip IV. of Spain \ MurUlo ,
Two street-boys playing with dice; Herri met de Bles, Procession of
the Cross, Prayer of John the Baptist; Pourhus, Portraits; Fries, Portrait
of a man with a skeleton to the right; *Old Oerman School, Death of the
Virgin ; Van Acken, Creation, Fall of man, Expulsion from Paradise, Last
Judgment, Tortures of the damned; ^Rembrandt, Dutch girl; De ffeem.
Still -life; Ouyp, Portrait of a woman; Hondekoeter, Poultry; *Bübena,
Boreas carrying off Orithyia; Rubens, Designs for painted ceilings; Weenix,
Poultry; Fabritius, Bust of a shepherd; Rubens, *The Graces, Mary
Magdalene anointing the feet of Christ; Van Dyck, Souls in purgatory,
Lady at the piano , *Man in armour ; Rubens , Esther before Ahasuerus ;
Huysum, Flowers; Rachel Ruysch, Flowers; £de Witte, Interior of a
church ; Neefs, Interiors ; D. Sals, Aristocratic party ; ^Netscher, A blonde ;
Teniers, Bust of a priest; Pynacker, Landscape; Le Due, Duet; Ohering,
Interior of a church; *ffeyden. Bridges in a city, with accessories by
Adr. van de Velde ; Berchem , Cliffs by a lake ; Le Due , Lulled to sleep ;
Van der Neer, Dutch family - picture ; Ostade, Two peasants; Elzheimer^
Woodland - scene with mythological figures; Potter, Sheep; Ostade, A
comic recitation; Jan Fyt, Still life; Bondeooeter, Ducks; Du Jardin, Ox
and goats; Backhuyzen, Landing-place with b0ats; Roos, Italian land-
scape; Asselyn, Landscapes; Van Goyen, Dordrecht; Craesbeke, Peasants
outside a tavern; Teniers, The five senses; ^Everdingen, Mountain water-

Kämtner-Bing. VIENNA. 35. Route. 215

fall; OretizBy Girl with a dog; "Claude Lorrain^ Laüdscapes; Tenters,
Witches"* sabbath; Berchem^ Landscape in winter; W. van de Velde^ Port
in Holland; Both^ Sunset; *u4. van de Velde , Cattle -market at Haarlem;
*Rup»dael, Landscapes ; Woincerman^ Travelling-adventure ; J. Verneig Land-
scapes; Oreuze, Heads; Oreuze^ Girl in morning-attire.

In the vicinity, Eschenbachgasse 9 and 11, is the handsome
Renaissance building of the Engineering and Industrial Societies,
erected by Thienemann in 1870-72. The entresol of No. 9 is
occupied by the Scientific Club and the Club of Austrian Railway
Officials, The ground-floor of No, 11 contains the show-rooms and
library of the Industrial Society.

The Kärtner-Strasse leads N. from the Opera to the Stephans-
Platz (No. 51, the Palais Todesco, in a Renaissance style, adorned
with frescoes by Rahl). The prolongation of the same street towards
the S. ends at the Wien, over which the *Eli8abetli-Bracke leads

to the district of Wieden (p. 233).

The bridge, a Renaissance structure built by Förster in 1850-54, is
90 ft. wide and 140 ft. long. On the parapet are eight marble statues:
Duke Henry Jasomirgott, by Melnitzky; Leopold the Glorious, by P>*e-
leuthner; Duke Budolf XL, the founder, by Oauer; Rüdiger von Starhem-
berg, by Fessler ; Bishop Kollonits, by Pilz ; Niklas Salm, by Purckersho/er ;
Joseph von Sonnenfels, by Oasser; Fischer von Erlach, by Cesar.

We now return to the Ringstrasse. In the Karntkbb-Rino
(PI. D, 4, 5) are a number of handsome dwelling -houses. No. 9
on the left is the Grand Hotel (p. 187). To the right in the Acad-
emie-Str. is situated the Gommeroial Academy (PL 37b), erected
by Fellner in 1862. Facade adorned with statues of Columbus and
Adam Smith. The detached building opposite , facing the Loth-
ringer-Strasse on the Wien , is the Künstlerliaas (Pi. 65a) , built
in the Italian Renaissance style by A. Weber in lo65-68 and en-
larged by Sehachner and Streit in 1881 (exhibitions of pictures, see
p. 194). Beyond it, in the Künstler-Gasse, is the Xnsikvereini-
geb&nde (PI. 37), in the Renaissance style, erected by Hansen
in 1867-70 for the ^Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde'. Facade richly
embellished with statues. In the tympanum the myth of Orpheus in
terracotta, designed by Rahl. Handsome concert -rooms in the inte-
rior, the chief of which is decorated with ceiling-paintings of
Apollo and the Muses, by Eisenmenger. The society possesses a
library of 20,000 musical works , and a valuable collection of old
instruments, portraits of composers, MSS. , busts , medals , etc.
(adm., see p. 194; concerts, seep. 191).

The Kärntner-Ring is regained hence by the Canovagasse. To
the left, at the comer of the Schwarzenberg- Platz, is the old Pa-
lace of Duke Philip of Wurtemberg , now the Hotel ImpirialQp.
187). To the right, in the Schwarzenberg - Platz, rises the eques-
trian Statue of Prince Charles Schwarzenberg (PI. 34b), 'the
victorious leader of the Allies in the wars of 1813 and 1814', de-
signed by Hahnel , and erected in 1867. On the left side of the
Platz is the Palace of Archduke Ludwig Victor (PI. 69a 5 No. 1),
erected by Ferstel in the Italian Renaissance style in I860 (rich

216 Route 35. VIENNA. Stadtpark,

facade). The Schwar&enberg Bridge, 90 ft. long, built in 1864,
crosses the Wien to Landstrasse (p. 219) ; at the farther end is
the Summer Palace of Prince Schwarzenberg (PI. 75) with a pleasant
garden (open to the public). In front of the palace is a large basin
and a fountain with a jet 100 ft. high.

The KoLowKAT-RiNG (PL E, 4, 5) begins at the Schwarzenberg-
Platz. To the right in the Christinengasse is the Academic (?ym-
nasium (PL 37a), with its handsome Gothic facade. The Beet-
hoven-Platz, in front of the gymnasium , is embellished with a
*Monunient to Beethoven, by Zumhusch, unveiled in 1880. On a
lofty granite pedestal is the sitting figure of the great composer in
bronze, 8^/2 ft. high, while to the left is Prometheus Bound, to the
right Victory with a wreath of laurels; at the front and back are
figures of child-genii (total height 23 ft.). — To the right in the
Ring, farther on , is the Adelige Casino (or club of the noblesse),
with a long balcony. — Near the Stadtpark is the elegant Iron
Tegetthoffbrücke over the Wien. To the right, at the comer of the
Johannesgasse and the Lothringer - Strasse, stands the Palais La"
risch, an imposing French Renaissance building by Van der Null.

The Stadtpark (PL £, 4), with its pleasant grounds and shady
walks , is a favourite lounge on summer-evenings. The elegant
Cursaion, in the Italian Renaissance style, was built in 1865-67
from designs by Garben (concerts , etc., see p. 189). A little to
the N.E. is the Carolinenhriicke, leading to a part of the garden on
the right bank of the Wien (large play-ground for children). To
the left, before it is crossed, is a fountain with a figure of the
Danube by Gasser. A pavilion beyond the pond (crowded with
skaters in winter) affords a good survey of the grounds. Farther
on , in the direction of the Ring - Str. , are *Schubert's Monument
(d. 1828) by Kundmann, erected in 1872, and a bronze bust of
Burgomaster Zelinka (d. 1868), by Ponninger.

In the Park -Ring, opposite the Stadtpark, is the building of
the Gartenbau- Gesellschaft, 01 Horticultural Society (PL 35), which
contains spacious saloons for flower-shows, concerts, etc. (p. 191).
The colonnades on both sides are occupied by shops. Behind it is
the extensive Palace of Duke Augustus of Coburg (PL 72), with its
long balcony, and columns of the Ionic and Corinthian orders. Farther
on rises the * Palace of Archduke William (PL 69b), erected by
Hansen in the Renaissance style in 1865-67. Handsome facade
with Ionic columns , adorned with statues and trophies above ; and
a fine staircase. At the back of the palace (Stubenbastei 5) is the
Detailmarkthalle, or Retail Market (PI. 65c; p. 193). — At the
end of the Stadtpark the Stubenbrücke, dating from the 16th cent.,
leads to the right to the district of Landstrasse (p. 219).

In the Stuben-Rino , on the right, are the *Aa8trian Museum
of Art and Industry (PL 90) and the School for Art-Industry, two
Italian Renaissance edifices in brick, erected in 1868-71 and 1875-

\y

Austrian Museum, VIENNA. 35. BouU, 217

1877 from designs by Ferstel. The articulation of the mnseum is of
stone, that of the school is in terracotta. The museum is embel-
lished with two friezes decorated in sgraffito by Lauf berger, and with
majolica medallion-portraits of 33 celebrated artists and art-workers.
The two buildings are united by a corridor , adjoining which is a
colossal statue of Pallas Athene by Laufberger, rising above a
fountain. In the interior of the museum is a quadrangle surrounded
by a colonnade , on each side of which are four exhibition-rooms.
On the first floor are the library, lecture and business rooms,
and additional exhibition-rooms. The Austrian Museum of Art and
Industry , founded in 1863 on the plan of the S. Kensington Mu-
seum , has for its object the encouragement of the industrial arts
by means of oral and written instruction , practical training , and
the exhibition of good models. Dr. von Falke is the Director.
The collections are arranged with a view, as far as possible, to
show the steps of the deyelopment of technical perfection and

style. Adm., see p. 194.

The CouBT and Colonnade contain sculptures, chiefly casts of ancient
and modern works. The diflferent objects are labelled. (*Wegweiser\ or
guide-book, 20 kr.). — Right : Boom I. Specimens of the Ooldsmitfi's Art and
kindred branches. On the wall: Objects from the treasury of the Teu-
tonic Order (drinking-vessels, weapons, etc.), ecclesiastical vessels, *'Trea-
sures of the Guelphs (reliquaries, book-boards, etc., of Byzantine and
early-German workmanship), specimens of Spanish damaskeening, Arabian,
Cologne, Limoges, Venetian, and transparent enamels (Crucifix with trans-
parent enamel by Finiguerra, i5th cent.). The large show-cases in the
middle of the room contain Japanese, Chinese, Indian, and other Oriental
goldsmith's work and enamels, enamels of the loth cent., and reproductions
of gold trinket-s in electroplate. In the small cases are ornaments of every
age and people, including an ancient *Gold ornament from Timbuctoo,
probably of Carthaginian origin, Chinese gold filigree-work, and char-
acteristic national ornaments from Austria, Bavaria, India, Egypt, etc. —
Boom II. Pottery cmd China. The wall- cases (beginning with the E.
window-wall) contain specimens of Mexican, Peruvian, Egyptian, Spanish,
Portuguese, Morocco, Turkish, South-Slavonic, and Magyar pottery, smaller
antique terracottas, (N. side) Italian rustic majolica, Moorish and Bho-
dian faience, Persian tiles, stoneware. Delft-ware, Bouen-ware, German
and Austrian pottery, Wedgwood - china , biscuit-china, Dresden -china,
Sevres -china, china from Copenhagen, Stockholm, and St. Petersburg,
Chinese and Japanese porcelain. The cases in the middle contain early
Viennese china, antique painted terracotta-vessels, Italian majolica (16th
cent.), Palissy-ware and imitations of it, large show-pieces from various
manufactories, modern faience. Not in cases : Early Italian and modern
terracotta -busts, huge antique and Renaissance vessels. — Boom III.
Glass. Antique glass vessels and pieces of glass ; glass pastes \ Venetian,
painted German, Oriental, and Bohemian out glass (two Persian bottles
of the time of the Crusades, old Arabian lamp); modern Austrian,
English, French, Bussian, etc., glass wares, glass mosaics, window-panes.
— Boom IV. Specimens of Furniture^ Weaving^ Ivory Carving^ etc. The
furniture, vessels, stoves, etc.^ of the various styles are groupted to-
gether in separate cabinets: Oriental, Renaissance, Gothic, Rococo, and
^Baroque' (*Wdod-mosaics by Röntgen of Keuwied). The wall-cabinets
contain a collection of woven products, embroideries, laces, costumes,
and so forth, which are frequently changed. Above them are specimens
of tapestry. Cabinets with carvings in ivory, wood, stone, and other ma-
terials (Spanish ivory figure). Chests; cabinets; * Coffer covered with
embroidery bearing the initials ofHenri II. of France and Diana of Poi-

218 BouU35. VIENNA. LeopoULstadt.

tiers (16th cent.)* — Boox V. Articles in the Base Metals. In the middle
of the room : railings of wrought and cast iron, leaden figures , *'Chande-
liers of steel and rock-crystal , cases containing Persian vessels of brass
and tin, etc. By the wall: Bronzes from the barbaric and Etruscan
periods down to the present day, tin and copper vessels, locks and keys,
metal-mountings , etc. (^Antique bronze mask , relief in lead by Raphael
Donner). — Room VI. Varying collection of modern articles of Austrian
and foreign manufacture. — RooxVII. Book-Decoration and Mural Paint-
ing. Book-covers, miniatures, specimens of printing, leatherwork, laoquer-
work , wicker-work , carpets , etc. — Room VIII. Plaster Casts of archi-
tectural details, ornamental works, small figures, and vessels. — First
Floob. Room IX. Pictorial and Plastic Art (objects frequently changed).
Opposite: arrangements representing rooma furnished in dififerent styles.
The Library contains 16,000 vols, of works on pure and applied art, and
a collection of 15^000 drawings, photographs, engravings, and so forth.
The Reading and Designing Room is open daily to all comers (in winter
during the evening also), and visitors are most liberally permitted to
make use of the collections.

The Technical School, founded in 1868, consists of a preparatory
school (Hegelgasse), and departments for instruction in architecture, sculp-
ture, and painting in their industrial relations, chasing, wood-carving,
enamelling, painting on porcelain, etc. Those who intend to become
teachers of drawing have a special course provided for them. There is
also a chemical laboratory. The school produces a constant succession
of skilled artisans, foremen, designers, modellers, etc. The various tech-
nical schools and educational work-shops throughout the Austrian Empire
are generally managed by former pupils of the Vienna Technical School.

On the left He the spacions drilling-grounds , beyond which is
the Franz 'Josephs -Thor , flanked by two large barracks (PI. 17}.
To the right , immediately above the influx of the Wien into the
Danube Canal, is the Radetzky Bridge (PI. E, 3), built in 1854,
which leads to the Landstrasse suburb (p. 219).

The Ringstrasse terminates with the Aspem Bridge^ constructed
in 1863-64. The buttresses are adorned with allegorical statues by
Melnitzky. The Franz-Josephs-Qiiai leads hence to the left along
the canal , passing the Ferdinands-Brüeke , the Stephanie-Brücke^
and the Kaiserbad^ and ending at the Schotten-Ring (p. 210).

II. The Outer Districts.

Leopoldfltadty the second of the municipal districts of Vienna,
xes on the N. side of the Danube Canal. The chief artery of traffic
is the Prater^Strasse (also called the Jägerzeile ; PI. E, F, 2, 3),
which is traversed by tramways to the Prater -Stem (p. 239), the
new municipal Baths (p. 240; straight on), the large stations of
the N, and N. W. Railways (p. 187; to the left), and the back of
the Rotunda in the Prater (p. 239; to the righO. The principal
buildings in this street are the Carl Theatre (Pl. 102; No. 31)
and the Church of St. John (PI. 56), built by Rösner in 1842-45,
and decorated with frescoes by Führich, Schulz, and Kupel-
wieser. In the neighbouring Tempelgasse is the Jewish Synagogue
(PI. 96) , a brick edifice in a Moorish style by Förster (1853-58);
the atrium is tastefully decorated with mosaics. In the Prater-
Stern is the Tegetthof Monument, erected in 1886, and consisting

Geological Institution, VIENNA. 35. Route, 219

of a bronze statue of the hero of Liasa and Heligoland fd. 1871),
by Kundmann, on a marble column (35 ft. high), adorned with
ships-prows in bronze; below are Battle and Victory , in chariots
drawn by sea-horses.

On the E. the Leopoldstadt is bounded by the Prater (p. 239).
On the N.W. Ues the Angarten (PI. D, E, 1, 2), a park of 125
acres laid out in the French style , and opened to the public by
Emp. Joseph II. in 1775. The small Aug arten Palace is now the
ofücial residence of the Obersthofmeister, or Lord High Chamber-
lain, Prince Hohenlohe-Schillingsf first. (Cafe-Restaurant, see
pp. 189 and 191.)

The Augarten is bounded on the N. by the Brigittenau (PI. D, 1), which
contains extensive manufactories and a handsome modern * Church in the
early-Gothic style, with two towers, built by Schmidt in 1867-73. The
interior is adorned with polychrome painting, and frescoes by C. and
F. Jobit. The altar-sculptures are by Erler^ the stained glass by Oeyling.
— The Kaiier-Franz-J08ep?irBi*iicke^ constructed in 1872-76, crosses the
main arm of the Danube from Brigittenau to Floridsdorf (p. 323).

The third district, LandstrasBe, lies on the right bank of the
Wien and the Danube Canal, and extends on the W. to the Heu-
gasse and on the S. to the Belyedere-Linie. To the right beyond
the Radetzky- Bridge (p. 218) are the Goods Post Office and the
Custom House (PI. 66), to the left the Steamboat Offices (PI. 27).
By proceeding straight through the Radetzky-Str. and the Löwen-
gasse we reach the *WeiMgärberkirohe (St. Othmar's, PI. 63 a),
which was erected by Schmidt, in the early-Gothic style (1866-73),
and possesses a handsome tower, 250 ft. high.

On the Wien , to the S. of the Custom House and above the
Stubenbrucke (p. 216), are the grounds of the Vienna Skating
Club , including a large skating-rink (adm. 50 kr.). Opposite
stands the Grossmarkihalle j or Wholesale Market flaW (PI. 65 b),
bnilt In 1865. In the Invalidengasse ^ a little to the E., beyond
the railway-viaducts, is situated the Hospital for Pensioners (PI.
41), adorned with two large paintings by Krafft , representing the
battles of Aspern and Leipsic (adm. on application to the Com-
mandant). — At Heumarkt No. 1 , a little to the S. , is the Im-
perial Mint (PI. 68), erected from designs by Sprenger in 1836.
Adjacent , in the Linke Bahngasse , is the Veterinary Institution
(PI. 105), attended by npwards of 1000 students, which professio-
nal men or persons interested in farming are recommended to visit.

The Geological Institution (PI. 36; F, 4; adm., see p. 194) in
the Liechtenstein Palace , Rasumoffskygasse 23 , was founded in
1849 with a view to promote geological enquiry in every part of the
empire. It possesses important collections. — At the E. end of the
Rasumoffskygasse is the Sophien-Brücke, leading across the Danube
Canal to the Prater.

More to the S. stands the Rudolf Hospital (PI. 75), built by
Horky in 1862-65, admirably fitted up , and containing accommo-
dation for 860 patients. A short way to the S.E. are the ex-

220 Sollte 35. VIENNA. Belvedere.

tensive Artillery Barracks (PI. 15), which are adjoined by the
Slaughter Houses (PI. 92), and the Central Cattle Market, covering
20 acres of ground, and capable of containing 37,000 head of cattle.
From this point the Rennweg leads N.W. to the Schwartenberg^
Brücke (p. 216), passing the well - arranged Botanical Garden
(p. 211; left), the Palais Mettemich (right), built by Romano in
1840 , the Lower Belvedere^ and Urge Barracks, The old Metter-
ulch park (PI. E, 5) is now covered with numerous handsome
streets and houses, including the palaces of the Qerman and Briti^
Embassies (Mettemichgasse 3 and 6) and of the Duke of Nassau,

The Belvedere, an imperial chateau, once the residence of Prince
Eugene of Savoy (d. 1736), by whom it was erected in 1693-1724,
consists of two buildings, the Lower Belvedere^ containing the Am-
bras collection and the antiquities , and the Upper Belvedere , or
chateau proper, with the picture-gallery. Between them extends a
large garden with terraces , in the French style , the lower part of
which is traversed by shady avenues, while the upper part, laid out
in grass-plots and flower-beds, is adorned with fountains and

twelve figures of children by Gasser.

The Upper Belvedere is more than 1 M. from the Stephans- Platz.
Omnibuses to the S. station pass near the Belvedere, passengers for which
should alight at the end of one of the streets (Belveaere-Str. or Earolinen-
Oasse) leading from the Favoriten-Str. to the Upper Belvedere, whence
they may descend through the garden to the Lower (better than in the
reserve direction, which is uphill).

The **Fiotnre Gallery (adm. see p. 194) in the Upper Bel-
vedere (PI. 86 ; entrance from the S.) is arranged in schools: on the
first floor, divided by the marble-saloon into two parts, on the right
(£. wing) the Italian, on the left (W. wing) the Flemish and Dutch
schools , with a few Spanish and French pictures.. On the second
floor four rooms on the E. side contain the old German and old
Netherlands schools; four on the W. the modern German school.
Every picture is furnished with the name of the artist and the date.
The detailed catalogue by the Director, Herr von Engerth
(3 vols.; 1882-86), has been drawn up with regard to the event-
ual exhibition of the pictures in the new Museum , but is of great
use even under present conditions ; an abstract is sold for 40 kr.

This collection of pictures (numbering about 1750 works), which
has occupied the Belvedere since 1777, attained its present dimen-
sions during last century by the amalgamation of various smaller
collections. In it the most widely divergent schools of by-gone art are
represented by masterpieces , so that the historical student and the
amateur alike will be rewarded by an inspection of the galleries.
The chief strength of the collection, however, lies in its examples
of the Venetian School, Rubens, and Dürer, in which it is unsur-
passed by any other gallery in the world. Among the most striking
of the works by Eajily Italian Maste&s are the two by Perugino
(III. 12, 31); Fra Bartolommeo's Presentation in the Temple

Belvedere Gaüery. VIENNA. 35. Route. 221

(IV. 29), painted in 1506, notable for its elevated simplicity of
grouping and mild dignity of character ; Andrea del Sarto'a Pietii
(IV, 23), characterised by its robustness of expression. BaphaeVs
Madonna al Verde (III. 55) , an example of bis Florentine period
(1505 or 1506?), while it does not quite attain the attractive liveli-
ness of composition and expression which mark the similarly-com-
posed Madonnas in the Louvre and at Florence (La Belle Jardiniere
and the Madonna del Cardinello), is yet of great importance for
the study of the master owing to the obvious indications it ex-
hibits of the influence of Leonardo da Vinci. Of the Mastbks
OF Upfeb ItaiiY Gorreggio, and Mazzuola or Parmeggianino, who,
though not actually Gorreggio's pupil, yet stands in close relation
to him, have the strongest claims on our attention. Correggio
reveals himself here, not only as an impressive delineator of
scriptural types (VI. 25), but also as a fascinating narrator of
pleasing myths (VI. 19, 21). Parmeggianino is best represented
by his Cupid cutting his bow (VI. 20) and the portrait of Malatesta
Baglioni (VI. 22; perhaps Lorenzo Cibö?). Among the numerous
excellent works by Venetian Masters in the gallery , it is diffi-
cult to single out the most attractive. The far-reaching fancy of
Titian, which enabled him to clothe themes the most diverse each
in its appropriate garb, is perhaps nowhere studied to so great ad-
vantage as here. What a host of different emotions the mind ex-
periences in passing from the Ecce Homo (II. 19) to the Callisto
or Dahae (II., 17, 36), from the Entombment (II. 32) to the
mysterious allegories of love (I. 6, II. 59), from the sweetness of
his Madonnas (II. 39 , 41 , 64) to the austerity of his portraits
of Italian savants , a Varchi , a Strada , or the physician Parma
(II. 37 , 27, 40) ! In portraits generally the Vienna gallery is
particularly rich , and a comparison of the Venetian works with
those of Velazquez, the greatest Spanish portrait-painter, or with
those of Van Dyck , will prove of great interest in enabling the
student to appreciate the peculiarities of the different masters.
The most striking work of Oiorgione is the so-called 'Geometri-
cians' (II. 57). Among the finest Italian works may also be men-
tioned the Visitation and Madonna (II. 2, 6) of Palma Vecekio,
the Madonna with saints (I. 50) of Paolo Veronese, the Madonna
(II. 47) of Lorenzo Lotto of Bergamo , and the St. Justina (11. 7)
of Alessandro Buonvieino of Brescia , sumamed Moretto (d. after
1560), which is justly regarded as one of the gems of the collection.
Turning now to the Nobthern Schools, we find that Jan van
Eyck'a Portrait of a man (II. 42), the sketch for which is pre-
served at Dresden , is by far the most striking example of early
Netherlandish art. Gerhardt van Haarlem is represented by a Pietä
and the Burning of the bones of John the Baptist (II. 58, 60), Roger
van der Weyden by a Crucifixion (I. 81), and MenUing by altar-
pieces with the Virgin Mary (II. 6, 10, 61).

222 RouU 3ö.

VIENNA.

Belvedere Gallery.

Durer^s masterpiece, and the most finished composition he ever
produced, is the Trinity (1. 18) in this gallery, painted in 1511 for the
chapel of the Laudaner Monastery at Nuremberg (p . 93). The best of
the portraits by Holbein the Younger are those of Jane Seymour (1. 61),
DerickTybis, a London merchant (I. 83), and John Chambers, the
physician (I. 62). In spite of their nnpleaslng subjects, the two
paintings of the miracles of St. Ignatius and St. Francis Xayier, In
the first Rubens room (IV. 1, 3), rivet the attention by the dramatic
vigour of their expression and the skill of their colouring. The
finest of the other works in the same room are the Boar Hunt (7),
St. Ambrose denying the Emp. Theodoslus entrance to the church
(8), and the allegorical picture of the four quarters of the globe
(10). The masterpieces in Room V, are the Madonna with St.
ndephons and the Festival of Venus. A not unpleasing contrast
to the exuberant spirit of this master is formed by the refined,

Plan of the First Floor.

Netherl. Schools.

(North.)
Marble Saloon

Italian School.

1 i 2 I

Staircase.
(South.)

6

5 4

(N., S., E., W. denote the N., S., E., and W. walls.)

though at times somewhat frigid, repose of Van Dyck, who is
admirably represented here by his two Madonnas (III. 2, 33),
his Delilah (III. 32), and the portrait of Francesco de Moncade
(III. 19). The portraits by Rembrandti of various dates, admirably
illustrate his change of manner : the portrait of a lady (I. 40) and
its pendant (I. 38) are painted luminously and minutely, the
portrait of himself (I. 42) belongs to his middle period, while the
portrait of himself in a round hat (I. 45) is suffused with the
deep golden tone which characterised his later years.

Some of the finest works are generally to be found on the easels
of the copyists (chiefly on the ground-floor).

FirftPloor. E. Wing : Italian School. Room I. Venetians.
(W.) 2. Palma Qiovane , Mourning for Christ ; 9. Jac. da Ponte
(Bassanojj Tamar and Judah ; 10. Palma Vecehio (or Lor, Lotto),
Portrait of Gaston de Foix (?) ; 11. Tintoretto, Portrait; 12. Joe,
Bassano, The good Samaritan; *6. Titian, Allegory; (S.) 21, 22.
Tintoretto, Procurators of S. Marco; Paolo Veronese^ 23. Annun-
ciation, 15. Christ and the adulteress; 24, 25, 26. Tintoretto,
Portraits of men; 35. Palma Veechio, John the Baptist; *16, 18.
P. Bordone, Portraits ; 37. Tintoretto , Old man and boy ; P. Ve-
ronese, 29. Portrait of the Venetian ambassador Barbaro, *19. Christ
and the Samaritan woman.

Belvedere OalUry, VIENNA. 35. Route. 223

*38. Tintoretto, The Doge Niccolö da Ponte.

^The grandeur of conception., the tone of the flesh-tints, and the breadth
of handling combine to make this a historical work. The great colonrist
is seen at his best in the depth and harmony of the cap, chair, and cur-
tain.- — ''Die KumtdenlanäUr in Wien' CAr't Treasures of Vienna') , by
Pro/. Q. F. Waoffen.

32. Tintoretto, The Doge Venter.— (E.) *bO, P. Veronese, Ma-
donna with St. Catharine and St. Barbara.

^Seldom do we find in this master such well-ordered composition, and
such fine feeling in the heads (especially the nuns), coupled with his own
peculiar cool and silvery harmony." — Waaffen.

*52. P. Veronese, Christ and the "Woman with an issue of hlood.
*The best small picture by this master known to me, and the best
example of his power in this collection.'' — Wcutgen.

♦48. TUian, Venetian lady.

Room II., also Venetians. (W.) *2. Palma Veechio, The Con-
ception (marked by 'rich-toned landscape and a large cast of form') ;
4. Jac. Bassano, Portrait of himself; *6. PalmaVeechio, Madonna. —
9, *11, *12. Palma Veechio, Venetian ladies.

*The blending and enamel of the skin (of No. 11), the pure and finely
outlined features are lovely. "* — ^The grand ease of her pose (No. 12) is in
admirable contrast with the toning and exquisite finish of the flesh." —

Crowe and Cavalcaselle.

13. Palma Veechio, Lucretia. — *7. Moretto, St. Justina.

^Ms^estic beauty dwells in her face, and melody of silvery colours
combines with soft and highly blended modelling to produce an impression
of great freshness and brilliancy." — C. d: C.

*8. Bonifacio, Madonna ; 5. Titian, St. Catharine ; 3. Giorgione,
St. John; (S.) Titian, 27. The antiquary Strada, 23. Portrait,
*39. Madonna and saints, 17. Diana and Callisto.

♦40. Titian, Portrait of his physician Parma.

'This masterly portrait is one of the noblest of its kind, finished with
a delicacy quite surprising, and modelled with the finest insight into the
modulations of human flesh." — C. d; C.

Titian, 41. Madonna (small picture of his earliest period), 48.
Portrait of himself, 18. St. James the Elder, 29. Isabella d'Este,
30. Jesuit praying , 32. Entombment , 45. Pope Paul III. (copy),
46. Elector John Frederick the Magnanimous of Saxony , 37. The
Florentine historian Varchi, 22. Filippo Strozzi, 35. Young girl in
furs, 36. Danae.

♦19, Titian, Ecce Homo.

This great painting, completed in 1543, was purchased in 1630 by
Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, after whose death it passed into the hands
of Emp. Ferdinand III. It contains portraits of Sultan Solyman and of Are-
tino (as Pilate). The picture is handled with great freedom and facility,
and coloured with richly contrasted tones (C. <l C),

43. Giovanni Bellini , Young lady, with a mirror; 47. Lor,
Lotto, Madonna; Padovanino, 21. Christ and the adulteress, 26.
Judith ; (E.) 60. Titian, The Woman taken In adultery.

♦64. Titian, Virgin with the cherries.

^It is impossible to conceive a more glossy finish united to more sub-
tile modelling, or greater purity in colours of the richest tinge and most
dazzling brightness. . . . The treatment , still reminiscent of Palma , re-
veals the lasting influence which that great master wielded upon Titian." —

C. ct C

224 Route 35. VIENNA. Belvedere GaUery.

*b7, Giorgione^ 'Geometricians from the East.*
^This picture is said to have been finished by Sebastian del Piombo
after Giorgione's death, but of this there is no trace. It is characterised
by plump form, soft blending, pure drawing, and spare impast in flesh
bathed in vapour and made transparent by delicate glazes. We must ad-
mire the spirited and easy reproduction of instant motion , the lightness
of touch, and the subtle feeling for colour.'' — C. d: C.

58. Vivarino, Altar-piece; *62. Basaiti, Call of the -sons of
Zehedee ; 59. Titian , Allegory (a yariation of No. 6 in Room I.) ;

56. Bonifacio, John the Baptist ; 66. Bordone, Allegory.

Boom III. Romans. (W.) Maratta, 1. Death of St. Joseph, 23.
Flight into Egypt ; 9. After Sassoferrato, Madonna ; *12. Perugino,
Madonna and saints ('the colour is bright and powerfaV) ; 6. Raphael
Mengs, Madonna; (S.) 28. Pomp, Battoni, The Prodigal Son; 31.
Perugino , Madonna with saints ; 33. Pietro da Cortona , Hagar ;
Caravaggio, 25. Tobias, 27. Madonna of the rosary.

(E.) '55. Raphael, 'Madonna al Verde'.

The ^Madonna al Verde"*, the ^Uadonna del Cardinello' at Florence,
and 'La belle Jardiniöre** in the Louvre form a group nearly allied in
point of conception. To the earlier and simpler representations of the
Hadonna, in which Mary and her Son alone appear, the child John the
Baptist has been added. This not only admits of the delineation of ad-
ditional features of child-life, but also enables the master to construct
a regularly -arranged group. The two children, standing at the feet of
the Madonna , form a broad base for the composition , which tapers up-
wards easily and naturally to the head of the Virgin. This arrangement
first found expression within the realms of sculpture, whence it was
eagerly adopted by the Florentine painters. — Springer. See also p. 221.

♦49. Albani, Venus; *54. AapAac^s äcäooIj* Holy Family; 56,

57. Salvator Rosa, Battle-pieces; *51. Giulio Romano , St. Mar-
garet (one of the artist's finest works). — The adjoining circular
room contains a bust of Emp. Francis and an Apotheosis by Füger,
dedicated ^patriae et ecclesiae liberatorV (1814) ; also an album in
a richly-adorned iron case, presented by the city of Vienna to Emp.
Francis Joseph in 1873, on the 25th anniversary of his accession.

Room IV. Floubntines. (N.) 3. Andrea del Sarto , Madonna ;
10. Andrea Solario, Christ bearing the Cross ; 5. Angelo Bron-
zino, Holy Family; 9. Carlo Dolci, Madonna and Child; 12.
Luini, Herodias; (W.) 19. A. del Sarto (or Pontormo?^, Old
woman ; 17. Fra Bartolommeo f?), Madonna.

*23. And, del Sarto , Piet& (Madonna mourning over the body

of Christ).

^There is nothing Ideally select in the shape of the Redeemer or in
the face of his mother; but the naturalism of the nude, the correctness
of the drawing and modelling, and the intensity given to the expression
of grief, are so genuine . . . that we still find much to admire and to
praise, the more as the colour is still brilliant and powerful.' — C.dtC.

15. Franc, Furini, Magdalene ; ♦20. Crist, Allori, Judith ; 24.
Cesare da Sesto (?), The Daughter of Herodias ; 18. Sodoma, Holy-
Family; (E.) 35. Furini, Magdalene.

*29. Fra Bartolommeo, Presentation in the Temple.
This ^magnificent conception sins by shortness of stature in the per-
sonages, and has been deprived of harmony by the removal of glazes ; but

Belvedere Oallery. VIENNA. 35. Route. 225

there are few subjects due to Fra Bartolommeo in which there is a softer
gravity or a more melancholy heauty\ — G. Jb C.

30. A. del8arto(y), Holy Family; (S.)42. Fra Paolo daPistoja,
Madonna and saints ; 36. Frav^ciaJbigio (?), Portrait of a man ; *43.
Benozzo Oozxolij Yirgin and OMld worshipped by saints.

Room V. Boloonese. (E.) 1. O, Benij Baptism of Christ; 3.
Cigfumi, Madonna ; 6. G'. Reniy Ecce Homo ; 4. Mareantonio Fran-
cescMni, Magdalene; 5. Cignani^ Oimon deriving sustenance from
his daughter ; 9. An, Carraeei^ Pieti ; (N.) 13. An. Carraeci, Ve-
nus and Adonis. — ♦17. Agoatino Carraceiy St. Franeis.

An admirable example of this rare master, who surpasses the other
Carracci in purity of drawing and taste. The composition is well considered,
the drapery carefully executed, and the colouring unusually clear and
harmonious. — Wciagen.

0. Beni, 21. Madonna, 23. David, 24. Magdalene; 18. Fran-
cesco Francia^ Madonna with St. Francis and St. Catharine ; 19.
OuercinOj John the Baptist ; (W.) 30. OuereinOj The Prodigal Son ;
O, Benij 31. Ecce Homo, 27. Presentation in the Temple.

Room VI. Bolognbsb, Lombabds, etc. (E.)*10. Corrcgrpio, Por-
trait; An. Carracci, *12. Christ and the Samaritan woman, 13.
Entombment ; 2. Lod, Carracci, Venus and Cupid ; (N.) ^22. Par-
meggianino, The Florentine General Malatesta Baglioni (or, per-
haps, Lorenzo Cibö ; 'nobly conceived, finely drawn, and executed
in a careful and masterly style') ; *19. Correggio, Jupiter and lo
(replica in Berlin ; 'the expression of the well-individualised head
is extraordinarily attractive'); CorreggiOy *21. Ganymede carried
off by the eagle (companion to No. 19), 25. Christ crowned with
thorns ; 20. ParmeggianinOy Cupid cutting his bow ; 27. MurilloQ),
John the Baptist, with a cross ; *28. Seb, Bomhellij Duke Fran-
cesco, de' Medici at the age of twelve; (W.) 33. JDosso Dossij Duke
Alphonso 11. of Ferrara ; 39. Bologrtese School^ Madonna ; 41 . Par-
meggianinoj Portrait; 34. Procaccini, Pietä; Mdntegnay 42-46,
47-50. Caesar's Triumph (original in Hampton Court), *46. St. Se-
bastian.

Room VII. Venetians, Spaniaeds, etc. (E.) 17. CorreggiOy
St. Sebastian ; *12. Pdlma Vecchio, Venetian lady ; Velazquez, *13.
The Infanta Marg. Theresa, *14. His own family (one of the best
of the artist's pieces out of Spain), 15. The Infanta Maria Theresa,
•6. The Infant Don Balthasar, ♦8. Philip IV. of Spain ; 7. School
of Luca Signorelli, Adoration of the Shepherds ; 2, 3. Tintoretto,
Portraits; 16. A. Bronzino, Cosimo de' Medici; (N). Bonifacio,
24. St. Francis and St. Andrew, 26. St. Jerome and St. John;
Spagnoletto, 20. The Boy Christ among the doctors, 22. Christ
bearing his Cross; 38. Salvator Bosa^ Portrait of a warrior; *40.
Velazquez, Idiot.

(W.) ^44. L. Giordano, Fall of the angels.

The works of Luca Giordano (1632-1705) are of such varying merit
that the Italians say he sometimes used a golden, sometimes a silver, and
sometimes a leaden pencil, — the last unfortunately oftenest. This picture,

Baeoek£b's S. Germany. 6th Edit. 1 5

226 Route 3d. VIENNA. Belvedere OaUery.

however, is one of the few which may be assigned to his golden brash;
the composition shows a powerful imagination, and the attitudes are very
effective. — W.

49. PaUna VeedUo^ Venetian lady ; 47. Velatquez, The Infanta
Maria Therefta. On the ceiling, *Paolo Veronese, Cortins leaping
into the galf.

W. Wing: Nbthbblami>s Schools. I. (Rbmb&andt) Roov.
(£.) 2. Ph. de Champaigne, Adam and Eye mourning for Ahel ; 9.
Sam. van Hoogatraeten, Portrait of an old Jew looking out at a win-
dow ; 11. Oovaeri F^ineÄc, Portrait of an old man ; (S.) 14, 15. Fran%
Snydera, Fiah-markets, the Agares by ComelU de Vo$; 20. Jan
Fytj Animal and fruit-piece; •21. Hondeeoeierj Poultry. Most
of the pictures on the following (E.) wall are by Rembrandt; the
^nest are, 38. Portrait, 39. Portrait of his mother, 40. Portrait of
a lady, 41. Youth singing, *42, *45. Portraits of himself, 28. St.
Paul.

Room II. Landscapes. (E.) 9. Vender Neer; *6. RuyedMl;
7. Saßleven; (S.) 37. Backhuysen; 29, 36. Ruysdael; (W.) 48.
ArtoiSy Large wild landscape ; 53. Badchuyaen^ Amsterdam ; ^58.
VliegcTf Sea-piece.

III. (Van Dtok) Room. (E.) *2. Madonna and saints (one of
the finest altar-pieces ever produced by Van Dyck); *4, 5. Rupert
and Charles Lewis, sons of Count Palatine Frederick Y. ; 8. Joseph
Hermann; 10. Portrait of a general ('reyeals the influence of Ti-
tian in its grandeur of conception, simplicity of form, and warmth
of harmony'); (S.) 16. The Infanta Clara Isahella Eugenia ; 19,
Count Ossuna; 21. Portrait of a gentleman; 22. Christ on the
Cross ; 24. Countess Emilie Ton Solms ; 25. Portrait of John de
Montfort; (W.l 31. Christ mocked ; 32. Samson and Delilah ; 33.
Holy Family ; oO. St. Francis Seraphicus ; 28. The Jesuit Scrihani.
27. Crayer, Virgin enthroned ; 35. RuhenSy Pletk.

IV. (RuBBNs) Room. (E.) *1. Ignatius Loyola curing possessed
persons ; 2. Assumption ; *3. Preaching of St. Francis Xavier (three
yery large pictures) ; 4. St. Jerome ; 5. Pepin of Brabant with his
daughter St. Bega; (W.) *7. Meleager and Atalante slaying the
Calydonian boar; *8. St. Ambrose prohibiting the Emp. Theodo-
sius from entering the church of St. Ambrogio at Milan (4n eyery
respect one of the yery best of the artist's historical scenes'); *10.
The four quarters of the globe, represented by the riyer-gods of the
Danube, the Nile, the Amazon, and the Ganges (the tigress in the
latter remarkably good); 11. Portrait of himself; 13. Pietk; 16.
Scene from the Decameron of Boccaccio.

The adjacent White Cabinet contains twenty-nine flower and
fruit-pieces, and the Gbbbn Cabinet a number of Dutch cabinet-
pictures: 9. Metsu, Lace-maker; MierUj *14. Scene In a shop,
♦18. Sick lady; 16. Terhurg, Young girl; 20, 52. Oerard Dou,
Urine doctor and old woman; *11. Sckalcken, Girl with a candle;
51. Berehemy Pastoral scene; *103, *104. Balth. Denner, Old man

Belvedere Gallery, VIENNA. 35. Route, 227

and old woman, two excellent portraits, of remarkably minute exe-
cution ; 62. RooSf Animal-piece ; 63, 97. Wouwermanj Landscapes ;
87. Van de Velde, Landscape.

V. (Rubens) Room. (W.) *Tlie Virgin with four women and
St. ndephons ; left, Archduke Albert, Stadtholder of the Nether-
lands ; right, his wife kneeling.

Thifl masterpiece, the finest work of Rnbens in the gallery, was painted
for the chureh of St. Jaques sur Caudenberg at Brussels, soon after his
return from Italy (1610). He is here seen *at the apex of his excellence,
and never subsequently produced so perfect a work in so lofty a style\

(Springer).

3. Naked children playing; (N.) 6. Magdalene; 7. Festiyal of
Venus; 15. From Ariosto's Orlando Furioso; 11. Portrait of Helena
Fonrment, the artistes second wife; (B.) 20. Emp. Ferdinand III.
when Archduke, in Hungarian costume; 21. Holy Family; 23.
Maximilian I. ; 27. Philip le Bon of Burgundy.

VI. (Tbnibss) Room. (W.) D. Teniers the Younger, 3. Rustic
wedding, 5. Abraham's sacrifice; 9. JanSteen, Rustic wedding;
13. Pet. van Eist, Interior of a cottage; *16. Teniere, Village festi-
yal; 17. Byekaertf Female treasure-digger; (N.) 24. Syekaert, Vil-
lage-festival; 34. Tenters, Picture-gallery of Archduke Leopold
William, Stadtholder of the Netherlands , aa it existed at Brussels
in 1656, when Teniers was overseer of the gallery; most of the
pictures here copied are now in the Belvedere ; 22. Com, 8ehut,
Hero and Leander; 37. Tenters, Dancing -peasants ; 28. Byekaert,
Plundering of a village ; (E.) 53. Teniers, Cow-house ; *51. Teniers,
Prize-shooting at Brussels , Arch. Leopold William receives an
honorary croas-bow ; 46. Honthorst, Christ before Pilate.

Room VH. (W.) 4. De Vos, Portrait of himself ; 15, 18. Bour-*
guignon, Cavalry-engagements ; 16. Fauditz, Old man ; *27. Jor^
daens, 'Bean-King', a Twelfth-Night game (^t^dtmtftustmanogttam
ebrius* is the motto above the chimney); 23. Seghers, Madonna; 32.
8teen, Dissolute life ; (E.). 47. Rubens , Jupiter and Mercury at
table with Philemon and Baucis ; 56. Brueghel and Botterihammer,
The four elements ; 51. Craesbecke, Interior of a tavern ; 48. Van
der Heist, VoTtisit.

Seeond Floor. To the right (E.) : Eablt Gsbman & Netheb-
LANDS Schools. Room I. (W.) Thomas of Mutina, Altar-piece on
a gold ground; ♦5. A, Dürer, Emp. Maximilian I. ■— •I 5. Dürer,
Martyrdom of the 10,000 Christians under Sapor II., King of Per-
sia, in the centre Pirkheimer and Dürer himself, the latter with a
stick in his hand, and on it a paper with an inscription reicording
that he was the painter.

A subject of this kind, representing the most excruciating details of
torture and death, is certainly alien to modem taste, but was chosen by
Dürer for the opportunity it afforded of depicting nude forms in various
attitudes and bold foreshortening. The admirable drawing, the fine, even
delicate execution, and the strength and depth of the colouring, make us
almost forget the ghastly nature of the work as a whole. — ^Dürer\ by
Pro/. Thawing.

15*

228 Route 35, VIENN;A. Belvedere QcdUry.

*27. Hotbein, Portrait ; Dürer, 26. Madonna, ♦28. Madonna with
the peai (*one of the most carefully executed and effective of Durer's
paintings'), 29. Portrait, 30. Johann Kleherger; 23. M, 8ehon(f)j
Holy Pamily.

♦18. Dürer, The Holy Trinity, or All Saints ('AUerheiligen-

bild'), painted in 1511.

"So work of the painter sarpasaes this in wealth and magnificence of
composition. The harmony of colouring is so fine and spiritual, that it
seems as if Dürer had been aiming at the pictorial embodiment of the
music of the spheres. (Thauiing.)

12. Bernhard Strigel, Maximilian I. and his wife Mary of Bur-
gundy, their son Philip le Bel, Charles Y. and Ferdinand I., sons
of the latter, and Lewis II. of Hungary ; 4. Qerman School, Portrait
of a man; (N.) 58. O. Penez, Graciflxion, with the donors, a small
winged picture ; 47. Unknown Master (generally referred to as the
painter of this picture), St. Jerome, an altar-piece with four wings,
on which are apostles, church-fathers, saints, and the donors ; Hol-
bein, ♦ßl. Jane Seymour, third wife of Henry VIII. (*one of the
best examples of Holbein's English period'), ♦62. John Chambers,
physician of Henry YIII. ; 41. Cranaeh the Elder, Adam and Eve ;
37, 43, Theodorich of Prague, St. Augustine and St. Ambrose ; 50.
Burgkmair , Altar-piece ; Cranaeh , 63. Frederick the Wise , 64.
Portrait; (E.) 71. L» Cranaeh, Appearance of Christ; Amberger,
78. Herodias, 88. Portrait ; 67, 68. Oerman School, Man and wife;
♦81 . Roger van der Weyden, Crucifixion, with wings (considered a
school-piece by Mr. Crowe); 82. H. Memling, Bearing the Cross and
Resurrection; iJ. Holbein, *S3, 85. Portraits.

Room II. (W.) 5. Master of the Death of Mary, Altar-piece
with wings; 6, 10, 61. Hans Memling, Madonnas with angels and
donors; 12. Old Dutch School, Pietä; John van Eyek, 12. Pletä, 13.
Portrait of a young man ; Roger van der Weyden, ♦18. Virgin and
Child, almost a miniature, 22. St. Catharine; 9. Mabuse, Madonna;
(N.) 32. Q, Massys, St. Jerome; ^42. J. van Eyck, Portrait of an
old man (Card, della Croce?); 43. Pourbus the Younger, Portrait;
(E.) Gerhardt van Haarlem, 58. Pietä, 60. Julian the Apostate
burning the remains of John the Baptist ; 59. B. van Orley, Altar-
piece ; 66, 67. Joh, Sehoreel, Portraits. The windows of this room
afford a yiew of the railway-stations and the Arsenal.

Room III. (W.) Franf^ois and Pierre Pourbus, 13, 14, 19, 23,
24, 26, 27, 28, 30. Portraits ; A. Moor, ^20. Cardinal Granvella,
29. Portrait of a young man ; M, van Coxeie, 16, 17. Adam and Eve,
Expuklon from Paradise ; 34. Franeiken, CroBsus showing Solon his
treasures; (E.) 65. After Callot, Fair at Impruneta near Florence.

Room IV. Oerman Pictures of 1530-1780, comparatively unin-
teresting. (♦Survey of the city and environs from the windows.)

A long passage leads into the four rooms on the light, which contain
about 160 MoDBKM Piotdbbs , chiefly by Austrian artists \ names on the
frames. These works are frequently changed.

The Oround Floor, containing the less important pictures of the Ita>

Antiquities, VIENNA. 35. Route. 229

lian and Flemish Schools »nd a eyele of 11 *Water-eolour8 by Yon Sehwind,
illnstrating the story of the Beaatifal Melasina, and also a number of mod-
em sculptures, is not always open. Here too are the Copying and Restoration
Rooms, under the management of Herr Schellein.

The LowEB Beltedbbb (Rennweg 4) contains the collection of
antiques and Egyptian antiquities, and the Ambras Collection. The
visitor first enters the large saloon of the *Ck>lleotion of Antiquities
(PI. 83 ; adm. see p. 193), which consists of statues, busts, reliefs,
inscriptions, and mosaics, most of them from different parts of the
Austrian dominions.

Entsanck Hall : On 10 platforms are the smaller objects (busts, Ac.\
in the centre the larger. 1st Platf, (left) "So. 1. Silenus, 3. Double bust of
the poetesses Sappho and Erinna, 10. Germanicus, 11. Sappho, 25a. Marcus
Aurelius Commodus, 26a. Gommodus. — 3nd. 31. Comic mask, 96. Greek
hero, *88. Vitellius, 39. Hadrian, 40, Venus, 41. Diana. — 3rd. 48. Her-
cules, 49. Bom. Eagle, 51. Mithras monument, found at Mauls in the Tyrol
(Mithras, god of the sun, stabs a bull in the neck, a symbol of the power
of the sun when it enters the sign of the bull ; below are a dog, serpent,
and scorpion i above are the sun and moon). — Ath. *55. Faun, 59. Her-
cules, 60. Augustus, 64. Taurobolium (sacrifice of a bull) in relief, 64a. Bust
of Marcus Aurelius, 65. Sphynz , reconstructed , with 4 heads. — 5th. 69.
Genius of Sleep, 70. Pan and a Bacchante, 76. Boman bust. — 6th. 88a.
Augustus, 93. Julia Domna, with removable hair, 94. Sibyl, a statuette,
95. Julia Meesa. 97. Faustina junr. , consort of M. Aurelius (d. at Vienna
A. D. 180)^ 1(X). Three Horse, a modern mosaic, 101a. Centaur, a torso,
102a. Trajan. — 7th. 105. Marcellinus, 106. Greek basrelief, 107. Augustus
as a youth, 106. Sept. Severus, 112. Luc. Verus, 115. Offering sacrifice (a
mosaic), 115a. Greek tombstone. — 8th. *117. Jupiter Ammon (mask), 119.
Girl offering a grasshopper to Geres (mosaic), *l20a. Pallas. — 9th. 124.
Faustina senr., consort of Anton. Pius, 126. Scipio Africanus, 130. Genius
of sleep (a statuette), 131. Vitellius (bust in porphyry), 133. Scipio Africa-
nus, loT. Diana of Ephesus. — 10th. (right, by the door). 142. Matidia, niece
of Hadrian, 143. Julia Domna (with removable hair), *146. Julia, daughter
of Augustus , 148. Galba (bust in porphyry) , 150. Hygieia.

Ik thb (;bntbb: 154. Marcellus, a portrait-bust^ *155. Mercury as an
orator, a bronze statue, 6 ft. in height, found in the Zollfeld in Carinthia
in 15U2; *156. Euterpe-, *157. Isis, in black marble, with face, hands,
and feet in white \ *158. Fragment of a Cupid, 159. Geta, 160. Vase with
Bacchanalians, 161. Vespasian, *162. Amazon (a fragment, archaic style),
163. Paris, 166. Head of the goddess Boma^ **167-l70. Sarcophagus with
reliefs representing the battle of the Amazons, found by Count Fugger
near Ephesus, and known as the ^Fugger Sarcopiiagus'' ; 171a. and b. Egyp-
tian sarcophagus of blackish limestone \ 171e. Large vase (used as a fish-
tank, found in the harbour of Lissa).

Second Boom. 176a. Sept. Severus, 180a. Apollo (in relief), 195a. Mar-
cus Aurelius ^ on the platform, cinerary urns and small tombstones. — 3rd B.
In the centre, 199a. and 2(X). Two Egyptian sarcophagi, between them a
glass case containing Mexican antiquities. 211. Head of Venus \ 212b. Silenus
mask \ 215. Votive stone. By the wall, 230. Mithras-monument (comp. "So. 51,
above). — 4th B. Cabinet with busts, statuettes, vases, Ac. (137a. Antoninus
Pius; 138. Discobalus, after Myron; 138a. Luciua Verus); in the centre,
under glass, the mummy of an Egyptian sacred bull (Apis); by the wall
to the left, Boman bricks ; 235. Sabina. — 5th B. Antiquities from Cyprus,
Persepolis, etc. — 6th B. Indian and Mexican antiquities.

The Egyptian Golleetion» arranged in three saloons on the right
of the entrance-hall, consists of mummies of human beings and ani-
mals, figures of gods and sacred animals in stone , clay, and bronze,
various utensils, coffins, etc. — The second door to the right leads
to the celebrated —

230 Boute 35. VIENNA. Ambrm CoUettion.

*AnLl»nui CollaetioB (PI. 82; adm. p. 193) of ancient armonr

and curiosities, founded at the ch&teau of Ambras near Innsbruck

by Archduke Ferdinand of the Tyrol (d. 1696), and transferred to

Vienna in 1806. Catalogue 36 kr. Director, Dr. Albert Ilg.

ftMBL I. E^DSSTBIAM Abmouk. 1. That of Maximilian I. (d. 1519),
2a. That of Archd. Ferdinand, founder of the collection. By the window-
wall, 3. The gigantic (TVs ftO life-gnardaman of the Archduke. Also armour
of Austrian and other princes ; in the centre If os. 2, 18. The gala-suit of
Archd. Ferdinand \ 9i. That of Stephan Bathory, Prince of Trauaylvania
and King of Poland (d. 1586), in steel and gold. — Boom II. Armour of Oer-
man princes and others: right, 43. Polished accoutrements for man and
horse (16th cent.); 44. Do., Ital. work of about 1480 j 45. Armour of J. J.
Fugger (d. 1575). By the wall : 53. Margrave Albert Achilles of Branden-
burg: 69. Footman's armour (c. 1500), entirely gilded ; 79. Duke of Oliva
(d. 1616), in enamel. By the window, 2nd pillar, 243. Sword and casque
of Scanderbeg. Prince of Albania (d. 1466, a vigorous opponent of the Turks);
248. Glove of Sultan Soliman (d. 1566), who besieged Vienna in 1529.
Gun Chambkr. Fire-arms of various kinds, sabres, swords, etc. — Boom III.
Italian and Spanish Akmouk. 95. Milanese suit of Archd. Ferdinand;
96. State-suit of Duke Alex. Famese (d. 1592). general of Philip IL in the
Netherlands; 122. Andrea Doria; 123. Gianettino Doria : 137. Alva. On the
pillars red suits of Venetian Doges. — Boom lY. The three large cabinets
in the middle of the room contain the Bukqundian SACBanoTAL Vkstmbnts
from the Imperial Treasury, which are supposed to have belonged to the
Order of the Golden Fleece, and are valuable specimens of embroidery of
the Van Eyck School. Four glass-cases contain MSS. with miniatures; in
the 2nd are two portraits on wood painted by ffolbein the Younger in 1^4 ;
in the 4th is a volume with original drawings by Albrecht Dürer. On the
walls are portraits of celebrities (141 in number) of the 15th-16th cent.,
chiefly of the House of Hapsburg. (Also 15 busts.) 2. Rudolph of Hapsburg,
copied from the tombstone at Speyer; 1. Genealogical tree (dating from
1502) of the House of Hapsburg, from Rudolph (d. 1291) down to Philip
le Bel and Margaret , children of Maximilian I. ; 4. Emp. Matthias ; 5.
Philip II. of Spain ; 6. Don John of Austria ; 9. Philippine Weiser , the
beautiful daughter of a citizen of Augsburg , wife of Archd. Ferdinand ;
10. Archd. Ferdinand ; 22. Mary of Burgundy ; 23. Maximilian I. ; 41. Elisa-
beth of England ; 42. Mary, Queen of Scots ; *47. Charles the Bold of Bur-
gundy ; 49. Duke Frederick of the Tyrol, *with the empty pockets'* ; 53, 54.
MaximiUan I.; *57. Philip II. of Spain (by Moroni) \ *63. Charles IX. of
France (by Cloue()\ 68. Maximilian I. at the age of twelve, and Mary of
Burgundy at the age of thirteen ; 73. Emp. Charles V. ; 86, 87. John Fred-
erick ana Maurice, Electors of Saxony; 88, 89. Ulrich and Christopher,
Dukes of Wurtemberg; 90, 91. Albert Achilles and Joachipi Hector, Elec-
tors of Brandenburg ; 92. Philip the Generous, Landgrave of Hessen ; 109.
Duke of Alva; 126. Stephan Bathory, King of Poland; 127. Francis I. of
France. Busts: 22. and 23. Leopold I.; 13. and 14. Medallion -portraits
of Matthew Corvinus, King of Hungary, and his consort; 15. Madonna, re-
lief by RoselUno. — soom V. Wobxs of Art, 1st Cabinet: Glass or the
16th century. 2nd: Beliefs in ivory. 3rd: Quattrocento and Cinquecento
Bronzes, including a Bellerophon group by Bartoldo and several diminished
copies of ancient works. 4th: Bronze steps, mostly of the 16th cent.; below,
Cinquecento bronzes. 5fh: Bronzes, chiefly Cinquecento and German Re-
naissance; 46. Venus TTrania, 47. Venus emerging from her bath, both by
Oiov. da Bologna. 6th: Small sculptures in marble and alabaster of the
Renaissance and Rococo periods, partly copies of antiques. 7th: Carved
and inlidd wood-work, Byzantine, mediseval, and Renaissance. 8th: Re-
liefs in ivory : 81. Judgment of Solomon, 82. Adoration of the Magi , 83.
Ceres and Bacchus visiting Venus (all of the 17th cent.). 9th : Ivory carv-
ings, chiefly small figures of the 17th- 18th cent. ; below, Chinese works.
loth: Ivory carvings; 129-181. Equestrian figures of Leopold I., Joseph I.,
and Charles VI., by Matthias Steinte. 11th: Stone-mosaics, scagliola work,

Arsenal, VIENNA. 35. Route. 231

paintings on stone. ISth: Objects in wax, etc.^ 157, 158. Scenes from Ovid's
^Hetamorphoses'* in red and wlüte wax; 173-175. Draught-'boards. 13th:
Vessels of glass (German, 16- 17th cent.), earthenware, and stone; stained
glass. 14th: Italian miyolica (16-17th cent.). 16th: Mathematical instm-
ments, clocks, etc. 16th: Medieeval and Oriental objects. 17th, 18th: mu-
sical instruments. On the tops of most of the cases are marble and bronze
figures of the 1&-I7th centuries. — Transverse Cabinet A. Admirable sculp-
tures in stone and metal. Ghamplev^ enamel of the 13ih cent. (Limoges) ;
338. ^Jeu d'Amour% a toy of the 16th cent. ; *346. Bronze relief by Dont»-
tetlo; 866. Small portrait-bust by Andrea Riccio; 368. Swedish soldier in
the costume of the Thirty Tears* War driving a nude woman in front of
him; 362. Charles V; H. Dmteker, 384. Judnneut of Paris, 366. The An>
nunciation, 365. The Presentation in the Temple; 369. Four reliefs by
O. Schweiffffer (1644-46) representing scenes from the life of John the Bap-
tist Between the transverse cabinets A. and B. : 374. St. Elisabeth in Rel-
heim stone (16th cent); 315. Draughi-board of Hans Eals (box- wood; 1636);
876. Bust of a Duchess d'Este (loth cent). Transverse Cabinet B. Wood-
carving : 8T7. St. Eligius shoeing a horse ; 383. Gasket (15th cent.) ; 384.
Head of John the Baptist; 388, 389. The Virein and St John; 392. Adam,
a statuette; 399. Dead Christ (17th cent.); *403. Rape of the Sabines, and
404, 405. Battle-scenes, by Al. Colin; 406. Dead bird, suspended by a cord.
Between the transrerse cabinets B. and G. : 413. *Oroup of three figures,
back to back (15th cent.); 414. Large and elaborately carved ciborium, in
wood (16th cent.). Transverse Cabinet C. Garved work in ivory and horn.
Handsome drinking-cups, goblets, and lids, each carved in the solid. Be-
tween the transverse cabinets C. and F. : 460. Iron Cabinet of 1567, richly
inlaid with gold. — Transverse Cdbinti jD., at the 4th window. Small
mediteval carvings in ivory. Transverse Cabinet E.^ Susannah in the Bath,
a *paillon\ Transverse Cabinet F. Enamels. CabinetB by the first three
windows : Majolica of the 16-17th centuries.

B«om YI. is richly decorated. To the right of the entrance: 1. Ebony
cabinet with silver ornamentation. Ceue I: Objects in mother-of-pearl,
amber, b^outerie, etc. Ceue 2: Objects in agate, jasper, etc. Cme 3:
'Favours* worn by knights in the lists; consecrated swords and hats.
Ga»e 4: Oala weapons and caparisons; 75-80. Janisary caparisons; 94-99.
Hungarian caparisons. *C€ue in the middle: Ooldsmith^s work, jewels, cry-
stal vessels; *Sword of Charles V., with a Milanese blade by Ant. Pied-
ntno and a richly chased and enamelled hilt. Handsome tables, cabinets,
and altars. On the 'brackets and tops of the cases, numerous figures in
imitation bronze, chiefly Italian Cinquecento work. — Boom YII. Cabinet
presented by Pope Alexander VII. to Emp. Leopold I. in 1663. Several
pictures : 4, 5. Salt. Rata, Sea-pieces; 12. Cologne Master of the l€th cent..
Adoration of the Magi ; 37. School of Cranaeh^ Madonna ; 44. School of Ye-
roneee. Marriage of St. Catharine ; 10. Titian (7), Charles V.

On the w. the Lower Belvedere Is adjoined by the Botanic
Garden (Rennweg 14 ; see also p. 220 ; open to yisitors).

To the S. £. of this point, near the State Kallway Station and
beyond the Lines, is the *ArB6naI (PI. 2; F, 7; adm., see p. 193),
erected in 1849-55, enclosed within a spacious quadrangle , more
than Ys M* in length, and ^4 ^- In breadth, at the comers and on
the sides of which are barracks. Entrance in front, through the resi-
dence of the commandant ; over the entrance are the different hand-
icrafts connected with war , in the centre Austria, statues in sand-
stone by Gasser. In the rear , on the side opposite to the entrance,
is the Romanesque church, containing a Madonna over the altar,
which remained uninjured -whenthe arsenal was stormed in 1848.
The buildings comprise a Museum of Weapons, a gun- manufactory,
iron-works, wood-yards, a cannon-foundry, and boring-works.

232 Route 35. VIENNA. Muteum of Weapons.

The *HTueiim of Weapons ( Waffen-Museum), erected by Han-
sen in a rich combination of the Romanesque and Moorish styles,
contains on the first floor the ^Ruhmeshalle' , and on each side of it
the collection of weapons. On the gronnd-floor are the cannon-hall,
the model-gun-room, and part of the extensive dep6t of fire-arms.
Magnificent vestibule, borne by twelve compound pillars, and
adorned with 52 marble statues of Austrian heroes. The staircase,
supported by four massive clustered columns, is decorated with alle-
gorical frescoes by Eahl, and a group in marble of Austria protect-
ing her children by Benk.

The «Ruhmeshall« ('Hall of Fame") consistä of a oenival hall covered
with a dome, 76 ft. in height, and two smaller saloons a4joining it. Frescoes
bv Rahl und BIcum : in the central hall, on the left, the Battle of Nördlingen
1634, St. Gotthard 1664 , ^enta 1697 , Turin 1700. In the doipe are scenes
from the earlier history of Austria; in the corners statues of Badetzky,
Haynau, Windischgrätz, and Jellachich. The glass-cases contain the piece
of plate (l^eptune bearing a man-of-war) presented by the town of Trieste
to Admiral Tegetthoif afte^ the battle of Lissa, the marshal's baton of Ra-
detzky, and a cup presented to the poet GrlUparser by the Austrian army.
In the saloon on the left the central picture is the Foundation of the
Maria Theresa orders on the left Piacensa 1746, Kolin 1756, Hochkirch
1758, Belgrade 1781. Below are six trophies of Prussian weapons and
flags captured during the Seven Tears'* War. In the saloon on the right
the central picture represents the Entry of Francis II. into Vienna in
1815 ; on the left Galdiero 1805, Aspem 1809, Leipsic 1813, Novara 1849.
Six trophies of French and Italian weapons. The gallery of the central
hall (ascent in the comer to the left) affords a good survey of the fres-
coes in the dome and the twelve smaller scenes in the comers. Above are
twelve trophies of Turkish weapons.

The imperial ^Collection of weapons is one of the most extensive and
valuable of its kind. B,ooh I. (to the left of the entrance to the Ruhmes-
halle). On the left, 2. Arms of Emp. Maximilian I. — 1st Table : 39. Seven
German swords of the 12th and 13th. cent.; 42. Sabre of Skanderbeg
(d. 1466) ; six groups of pikes and lances of the 15th and 16th centuries.
2nd Table : 120. Sword of Philip the Handsome of Castile (15th cent.) ^
121. German dagger with inscriptions (2nd half of i6th cent.); 124, 1%.
Swords of Maximilian I. By the wall, *131. Armour of Maximilian I.
3rd Table: 221. Almanac-sword;. 222. Sword of George v. Frundsberg;
227. Sword of Charles V. By the wall, Milanese, armour. 234. Burgundian
helmet (end of. 15th cent). 4th Table: 321. Sword of Italian workman-
ship (2nd half of 16th cent.) ; 323. Sword of German workmanship (same
period). By the wall, 327. Armour of Lewis II., last king of Hungary;
330. Armour of Ferdinand I. ; 404. Tournament suit for combatants on foot ;
405, 406. Armour, shield, and morion of Charles V. In the glass-case at
the end of the room: *4u9. Steel-cap of Charles V. By the wall, 411-413,
526, 527. Suits of armour of Ferdinand L 5th Table: *517. Ornamental
shield (by H. Mielich). 6th Table: «613. Sabre Gate Renaissance). 8th
Table: 784. Hungarian sabre. By the wall, 791-796. Gala -suits of ar-
mour of Maximilian II. (d. 1576). — Boom II. (to the right of the Ruhmes-
halle). On the left of the entrance : 1003. Armour of a Margr. of Bran-
denburg (d. 1624); 1065, »1056, 1057, 1061. Half and whole suits of ar-
mour. 2nd Table: 1148. Sabre of the Grand Visier Kara Mustapha; 1160.
Indian sabre. 3rd Table : Turkish weapons ; 1242. Battle-axe. By the wall,
1250, 1251. Armour ; *1255. Gala-armour of Emp. Rudolph II. 4th Table :
Turkish weapons. 1839. Persian sabre. By the wall, 1366. Armour of
Archduke Albert, Stadtholder of the Netherlands (d. 1621); 1367, 1359, 1438.
Gala-armour of Emp. Matthias (d. 1619); 1444, 1446. Armour with black
devices. 5th Table: Oriental weapons; 1561. Pistols, a gift from the Bey
of Tunis. By the wall , 1566. Collar , shirt of mail , spear , and sabre of

Museum of Weapons. VIENNA. 35, Route, 233

Steph. Fadinger (d. 16Q6) \ armour of the Thirty Years' War \ rustic wea-
pons. 6th Table: 1636. Sword ^ 1634. Halbert of Prince George Rakoczy II.
(d. 1643); 1646. Sword of General Sporck (d. 1679), with mottoes; 1647.
Hat of Marshal Aldringer (d. 1648); 1658. Sword with ^pater-noster' blade.
By the wall, 1649. Collar of Gustavus Adolphua (d. 1632), worn by him at
Lätzen, with bullet-holes ; 1665. Armour of General Sporck. 7th Table :
Polish and Hungarian sabres; 1762. 1760. By the wall cuirasses and coats
of mail; 1767, 1770, 1771, 1772. 8th Table: 1849. Artillery-equipment of
£mp. Charles VI. (d. 1740); 1863. Sword of Archduke Charles. By the
wall , 1876. Flag of the rebel Francis Bakoczy (d. 1671). 1877. Armour of
Prince Eugene (d. 1736).

The Elizabeth Bridge (p. 216) forms the chief approach to
Wieden, the fourth of the municipal districts of Vienna, in which,
on the right, beyond the deep channel of the Wien, lies the princi-
pal Fruit Market (p. 193). Immediately to the left , at the corner
of the Techniker-Str., is the ProUstant School (PI. 93), built in the
Renaissance style by Hansen in 1861. Adjacent is the Polytechnic
Inititution (PL 77; adm. see p. 194), for practical science, in-
dustry, and commerce, containing collections of products of Austrian
industry, models of machinery, mathematical and mechanical instru-
ments, large laboratory, botanical, zoological, and mineralogical
collections, &c. In front of the building is the Statue of Ressel (PI.
34a) , inyentor of the screw-propeller, cast from a model by Fern-
korn and erected in 1863. — The Technological Museum (adm. see
p. 194), connected with the Polytechnic, is divided into four
sections: 1. Tools and machinery; 2. Raw materials and manu-
factures at various stages of their production ; 3. Finished manu-
factores; 4. Models.

The Xarlskirche (PI. 50) was erected in 1716-37 during the
reign of Emp. Charles VI. , after the cessation of the plague , by
Fischer von Erlach» It is a lofty structure with a dome, in the Italian
rococo style, and is preceded by a hexastyle Corinthian portico.
The effects of the plague are pourtrayed in relief in the tympanum.
On each side of the portal rises a colossal column, 145 ft. in height,
and 13 ft. in diameter, with reliefs from the life of St. Carlo
Borromeo by Mader, in the style of the Roman triumphal columns,
and surmounted by a clock-tower. To the left in the church is a
monument of the poet H. v. Collin (d. 1811).

The quarter to the S. E. of the Karlskirche has been completely
transformed by the erection of many handsome new buildings. In
the Allee-Str. (PI. D, E, 5, 6) is the Palace of the Orand-duke of
Tuscany, and in the Theresianumgasse (PI. D, E, 6) is the
PcUaee of Baron Nathaniel von Rothschild (No. 14), with a beau-
tiful garden. The adjacent Heugasse contains the palaces of Miller
von Aichhoh (No. 30) , Baron Albert von Rothschild (No 46), by
Destailleurs, and others.

In the Favoriten -Strasse, to the W., are the Deaf and Dumb
Asylum (PI. 97; D, 6), founded by Maria Theresa in 1779 (adm..

234 Route 35. VIENNA. Mariahilf.

see p. 194), and the Theresianische Ritter-Akademie (PI. 104), an
institution for the training of officers , standing within a spacious
garden. — The Churoh of 8t. Eluabeth (PI. öOa; £, 6), in the
Carolinen - Platz , is a Gothic edifice in brick , bnilt by Bergmann
in 1860-66.

Beyond the Fa^oriten-Linie lies the new suburb of FaTOxiten
(Xth Distbict) , which contains the stations of the Südbahn and
the Staatsbahn (PI. E, 7). It took its name from the imperial
chateau of Favorite, now the Ritter-Akademie (see above).

In the Magdalen -Strasse (No. 8), in Kariahilf, the Vlth
District, on the left bank of the Wien, is the Theater an der Wien
(PI. 101 ; p. 191), built by Schikaneder in 1798-1801, with room
for 1780 persons. In the Gumpendorfer-Strasse lies the Esterhasy
or Kaunitz Garden (PI. 0, 5), the property of the city. It contains
the municipal Real- Gymnasium^ or technical school. The marble
Statue of Joseph Haydn, by Natter, in front of the Mariahilf church
(Mariahilfer-Str. 55-67), was erected in 1887. — Nearer the Gum-
pendorf Line are the Textile School , Marchettigasse 3 (which is
to be removed to the Technical Museum, p. 236), and the ^Pro-
testant Church (PI. 53 ; B. 6), a Romanesque structure , built by
Förster and Hansen in 1846-49. Adjacent, on the S., is the large

Oumpendorf Slaughter House, built in 1861.

The *Clhureh of FHafhau», Gärtner-Strasse, outside the Mariahilf I4n6,
Is an octagonal Gothic edifice with two towers and a lofty dome, bnilt
in 1864-74 by Schmidt; fine polychrome painting in the interior. — In the
vicinity is the station of the Kaiserin-Elisabeth- Wesibahn, the vestibule of
which contains a marble statue of the Empress Slizabeui by Gasser.

Within the Mariahilf Line, in the Kaiser-Strasse, in Hmibaiit
the Yllth District, stands the *Lasari8tenkirehe, bulHin the Qothic
style by Schmidt in 1860-62. — In the Lerchenfelder-Strasse, on
the N. side of the district, is the *AltIereh«n£Bld Churoh (PI. 44;
B, 4), a finely-proportioned brick structure In the Italian medieval
style, with two towers and an octagonal dome above the cross, built
aftdr Mailer's designs in 1848-61. It is tastefully decorated with
frescoes by Binder, Fiihrich, KupelvoieHr, and others.

In the JoftephBtodt, the Vlllth Distbict^ at the corner of the Ler-

chenfelder-Strasse and the Auersperg-Strasse, rises the handsome

Palace of Prince Auersperg (PI. 71 ; C, 4), built in 1724 by Fischer

von Erlaoh. — Farther to the N., in the Rathhaus-Str. (No. 7), is

the Military aeographioal Institute (PI. 67; G, 3), a handsome

building surmounted by a globe. — Adjacent, Rathhaus-Str. 9, is

Count Ciemin's Palace (PI. 85) , containing the Ctemin Picture

Gallery (adm. see p. 194; 343 pictures), exhibited in three saloons

and the private apartments. Catalogue 30 In.

1st Room (the last of the three). (1.) 1. Maraita^ Holy Family-, 5.
Basso/errata^ Holy Family \ 10. Luini , Madonna and Child ^ 19. Titian (?),
Alphonso of Ferrara^ 20. A. del Sarto, Holv Family; 23. Early FUtreniine
School, Altar-piece in 24 sections (1344); 27. J. van Eyck , Presen-
tation in the Temple; 38. Titian^ Portrait of the Doge Francesco Ve-
nieri; 46. U. Zenego, Bepentant Magdalene; *48. Murillo, Christ on the

Ctemin OalUry, VIENNA. 35. RotUe. 235

Cross; 60. OvereinOt St. Sebastian; 54. Tintoretto^ Doge; 57. Spagnoletto,
Philosopher; 58. P. Moja, Portrait; 59. Oreuze^ Magdalene. On the easels:
290. Brouwefy Village^leech ; 291. Ostade, Smoker; 292. Ren^andty Por-
trait of his mother; 73. TenierSy Bagpi^r; 91. W, van de Veld«, Calm.
•— 2nd Room (to the left of the last). 93. SnyderSy Vulture fighting with
snakes; **117. Van der Meer , His own studio; 118. Woweerman, Return from
the chase ; 119. Ouypy Cattle reposing ; 128. Van Dyeky Cupid ; 132. Benesie,
His own family at an evening -entertainment; 133, 134. Sverdinge», 144.
WytumtSy 145. iVnoclrer, Landscapes; 146. Claude Lorraini^), Landscape; 147.
Ruy»daely Storm at sea ; 149. Velazquez, Boy^s head ; 152. Mierevelt, Portrait ;
154. VanDyeky Portrait; 160, 161. Callot, Bambocciata; 162. Baroeeio, Por-
trait of himself; 164. Dürer, Portrait; 169. Wynants, Landscape; 170. ir«(j(>
sum. Flowers; 171. Weenix, Game; 172. Hondecoeter, Poultry; 173. 8ny^
der». Fox hunted by dogs. On the easels: Bou, ^175. Players, 176. Por-
trait of himself; iS. Vtm Dyek, Portrait; *187. Paul Potter, Cows com-
ing out of a stable ; 118. Van der Netr, Conflagration at night ; 190. Ruyz-
daely Landscape. — 3rd Room (the first on the right of the entrance). 191.
Murülo, Sleeping child ; 193. CalM, Temptation of St. Anthony ; *206, 206.
Vixn der Heist, Portraits; Ryekaert, 221. Musical party, 230. Peasants in a
tavern; 222. Lampi, Portrait of the founder of the gallery; 281. Rubens,
233. Van Byck, Portraits; Ruthard, 236. Bear-hunt, 236. Stag-hunt; 244.
Le Brun, Venus and Cupid; 248. Ruytdael, Landscape. — In the centre a
statue of Archduke Charles (see p. 201). — 4th Room (entranoe-room).
€fuido Reni,7&i, Female bead, 255. Madonna; 257. Cuyp, Landscape with
cattle; 261. Van Ooye». Dutch Scene; 279. Schalcken^ Sleeping girl. — The
private apartments, which contain a number of other pictures, are ac-
cessible only during the absence of the family (usually in summer).

Farther on^Landesgerlchts-Str. 19, Is the (hri2niiiaICovrt(P1.26),
a large building with two towers, erected in 1830-34, and recently
much enlarged by an addition fronting the Alser-Str. The court-
room for trials by jury is very handsome (adm. during the assizes).

The Alser-Strasse separates the Josephstadt from Alsergrond,
the IZth DiSTBiCT. Immediately to the right, in the Maximilians-
Platz, rises the *VotiY6 Chnreh (or HeiUmdskirehe, PI. 54), erected
in 1856-79 to commemorate the Emperor^s escape from assassination
in 1853, a fine structure in the best Gothic style, designed by Fer-
etel. Handsome facade, with two slender open towers (345 ft. high),
and richly embellished with statues. The interior, which is elaborately
decorated in excellent taste, is open to visitors 6-11 and 4-6. It
possesses no fewer than seventy-eight line stained-glass windows.
A chapel near the S. entrance contains the tomb of Field-Marshal
Salm(d. 1530), who defended Vienna against Soliman II. in 1529^
brought hither from Raitz near Brunn by the Vienna Society of
Antiquaries. Handsome font.

Farther to the W., in the Alser-Str., is a large Barrack (PI. 23),
and beyond it the vast Pnblie HospitaJ (^Allgemeine Krankenhaus,
PI. 64 ; C, 2, 3), the largest in Europe, capable of accommodating
2000 patients. At the back is the so-called Narrenthurm, or
*Fools Tower', built by Joseph II. for mad patients. To the W. of
the hospital, No. 14 Lazarethgasse, is the Lunatio Asylnm (PI. 42 ;
B 2), built by Fellner in 1848-52, and much enlarged in 1878,
another excellent establishment, fitted up for 700 inmates, with ex-
tensive gardens.

To the £. of the Votive Church, near the Schotten-Eing, is the

236 Route 35. VIENNA. LieehUruUin GaUery,

Maria - Theresienhof j surmounted l)y a dome. Beyond it in the
Wahringer-Str. (Nos. 10&13) are the Chemical Laboratory (PL 24 a;
C, 2, 3 ; to the right) and the new Anatomical Institute^ built in 1886
(No. 13, to the left). Farther on, to the right, are the Palaces of
Count Chotek (No. 28) and Prince DietrichsUin (PI. 73 ; No. 301,
the latter with a large garden. — The Joiephinnni (PI. 43 ; C, 2j,
Währinger-Str. 25, a medliAil college originally founded in 1784 by
Emp. Joseph II. for the education of military physicians, and
connected with the hospital of the garrison, possesses extensive
collections (excellent anatomical models in wax). In the court a
Hygieia as a fountain -figure. — At Wahrlnger-Str. 59, formerly
occupied by the Stigl Locomotive Works, is the Teeluiioal Indu-
Btrial-MuBeum, with collections of electric apparatus and articles in
wood and metal (adm., see p. 194).

The ^eehtenitein Pietore Oallery (adm. see p. 194) at the
old summer-residence of the prince (PI. 82; 0, 2), No. 1 Fursten-
gasse, about Y2 ^- ^^om the Schotten-Ring, containing about 800
works of celebrated masters, besides many of less importance, is by
far the most extensive of the private collections at Ylenna (new

catalogue 1 fl.).

The chief value of the gallery consista in üb numerous important works
by Rubens, Van Dyck, and Tenier». The six pictures illustrating the story
of Decius bear witness to Rubens''s sjrmpathetic study of the antique,
and , though certainly not entirely the work of hiB own brush, must yet
be numbered among the best examples of the master in existence. The
t)aughters of Cecrops and the Portraits of his sons also deserve special
attention. Van Dyck''s portrait of Maria Louisa de Tassis of Antwerp is
one of the finest female portraits of the 17th century. The early Nether-
landish works will also repay careful inspection.

Boom I. Large mythological scenes by Franceschini.

Room II. Guido Reni^ 1. David with the head of Goliath, 2. St
Jerome, 8. Bacchus and Ariadne in Naxos; 6. Sastoferrato , Madonna;
7. Titian^ Madonna; 8. Polidoro da Caravaggio^ Holy Family (grisaille,
after Raphael); 10. Ouido Reni, Magdalene; 13. Moretto. Madonna and
Child, with St. Anthony ; 14. Pellegrino Tihaldi, Adoration or the Shepherds ;
17. Oagnacei» Jacob and Laban; 19. Passinelli, Magdalene; 20. Ferugnto^
Virgin and Child (replica of the picture in the Pitti Palace) ; *21. If. Fouuin^
Holy Family.

Room III. 22. Copy after Raphael, John the Baptist in the Desert; 23.
Bassoferraio ^ Madonna; *24. CoHgnoUi(J), Holy Family; 26. Ouido Rent,
The Child Christ sleeping on a cross ; 27. School of A. del Sarto {Dom,
Puligof), Head of John the Baptist; 29. Maratii, Bathsheba; 31. Michelan-
gelo Caravaggio^ Lute-player \ 90. Leonardo da Vinci (?), Portrait ; 33. School
of Correggio, Venus with the sleeping Cupid ; 34. Oiae. Franeia, Madonna ;
"36. Fran, Franeta, Portrait; 87. Guido Reni, John the Baptist; 38. G. Fer-
rabosco, David with the head of Goliath; 39. Proeaccini, Calling of St.
Peter; 40. 0. Reni, Adoration of the Shepherds; 41. Spagnoleito, Cruci-
fixion of St. Peter; 44. Venetian School, Woman; 46. G. Reni, St. John;
46. Ouercino, Abraham's offering.

Room VI. *47-52. Rubens, History of Decius, six large pictures with
numerous figures. Bronze busts and statuettes after ancient models.

Room V. 65. Dirk Barentsen, Oldenbarneveld ; 56. A. van Dych, St.
Jerome ; 67. M, J, Mierevelt, Portrait ; A» van Dyck, *58. Marie Louise van
Tassis of Antwerp. *61. Wallenstein (?) ; Rubens , 59. Allegory, 60. Cruci-
fixion; VanDyek, d2. Entombment, 63, 65, Portraits; 64. Rubens, Entomb-
ment; Van Dyek, 66. Portrait; 67. Virgin and Child, 68. Lady in Spanish

LiechteMUin OaUery, VIENNA. 35. BouU. 237

dress, 69. Byckaert the painter (copy) ', 70. 71. Rubens, Old man and wo-
man \ Van DyeM, 77. Archduke Ferdinand of Austria (copy), 73. Gle^yman,
74. Old man, 76. Toung lady ; *75. Frans Hals , Haarlem citizen ; 7*^ Pour^
busi Portrait^ 78. Eiibens, Koma triumphant.

Room VI. 79. F, van LeuXy The Bisen Christ appearing to the women ;
80. Rubens, Assumption; 81. Zegers, The Magi; Rembrandt', *82. Portrait
of hioiself at an advanced age, 83. Diana and Endymion, *84. Portrait of
himself (1636) ; 86. Dou, Portrait; 88. /Zu&en«, Portrait ; 90. Erasmus Quellt-
f»tfi, Solomon and the (^ueen of Sheha; 91. Bockhorst, The five Foolish
Virgins; Van Dyck, 94. Count John of Nassau, 98. Archduchess Clara
Isabella Eugenia, 108. Cruciuzion (grisaille); lu3. W. van Fliet» Young
woman; 104, 106, 108. Van Dyck, Portraits; Rubens, 105. Head of a boy,
109. Apollo (a sketch), '^111. The daughters of Cecrops with the infant
Erichthonius, 118. Bombouts the painter, ^114. Bubens''s two sons, 115.
Tiberius and Agrippina, 116. St. Anna and the Virgin, 117. Jupiter en-
throned on the clouds (sketch); 118. Jordaens, Man at table; 119- Bronck-
horst, St. Bartholomew ; *120. Rubens, Toilette of Venus (a portrait of his
second wife).

Boom VII. 122. Rubens, Ajax and Cassandra; 126. /. van Delft, Por-
trait of a boy; 127. Le Brun, Portrait of a general ; 129. 8ir A. More (Moor),
Portrait; 130, 132. Seybold, The painter and his daughter; 133. F. Bol,
OirPs head; 187. B, van der Heist, Young man; 140. Coxeie, Bearing of
the Cross; 142. N. Berehem, Death of Dido; 144. Sandrewt, Archimedes;
146. Tamm, Game; 160. Van Dyek, Portrait; 161. Van Schuppen, Portrait
of himself; Van Dyck^ 145. The painter Frans Snyders, 158. The painter
O. de Grayer, 154. Portrait; 156, 157. Pourbus, Old man and woman; 159.
(tuellinus. Old man.

Upper Floor. Booh I. 161. Battoni, Choice of Hercules; 162. Ouer-
eino, St. John; 163. Battoni, Bomulus and Virtue (or Venus?); 166. Prete
Oenovese, Christ at Emmaus; 169, 171. Tempesta, Landscapes; 170. Pietro
da Cortona, Bobber combat (in the antique style); 172. Garo/alo, St.
Christopher; 180. Ann. Carracci, St. Francis; 188. Salvator Rosa, Coast-
scene ; N. Poussin, 183. SS. Peter and John healing the sick, 186. Flight
into Egypt, 189. Holy FamUy; 184, 185, 187, 188. Qaspard Poussin (Dughet),
Landscapes.

Book IL 191-193, 195, 196, 198, 199, 203-6. Ant. Candle (CanaUtto),
Views in Venice; 194. P. da Cortona, Baptism of Constantine the Great;
197. Domenichino, Toilette of Venus; 201. Padovanino, Magdalene; 206.
Tiepolo, Abraham^s visitors; 209. Ann. Carracci, Diana; Tempesta, 210,
Sodom and Gomorrha, 212. Landscape ; 211, 216, 2lT. Ant. Candle, Views in
Venice; Bern. BellottoJCanaletto), 215. View of Pima, 218. The König-
stein (on the Elbe); 220. LocateUi, Castle of 8. Angelo; 222. Procaceini,
Angels with musical instruments; 223. Longhi, Cimarosa, the composer;
226, 229. Veronese, Marriage of St. Catharine; 227. Palma Vecchio, Holy
Family; 230. Tintoretto, Father and son; 231. M. A. Caravaggio, Lucretia.

Boom III. Francesco Bassano, 232. Fire, 234. Earth; 233. Bpagnoletio,
Allegory; 299, 240. M. Rieei^ Landscapes; 8. Rieei^ 243. Battle between the
Bomans and the Sabines, 245. Bape of the Sabine women ; 244. Perino del
Vaga, Holy Family; 246. Franc. Mola, Hero and Leander; 247, 249. Tem-
pesta, Landscapes; 251. Ouerdno, Virgin adoring the Holy Child; 254.
Bugiardini, Madonna with Christ and John the Baptist; 256. JS". Poussin,
Holy Family; 257. Turchi, Madonna; 359. Bassano, Shepherds; 262. C. Al-
lori. Scourging of Christ; 267. Giro Ferri, The Woman of Samaria; 270.
Tiepolo, Christ on the Mt. of Olives; 373. Rafael Mengs, Kativity.

Boom IV. Landscapes by Artois, Both , Hartman , Wynanis , Molenaer,
Cerguotzi, Vorstermans etc.; 292. Honthorst, St. Jerome.

Boom V. 312, 314. Roos, Landscapes; 313. Kupettky, A smoker; 322.
Jan Both. Best on the Flight into Egypt; 324. J. B. Weenix, Italian
coast; 326. Cosanova, Peter the Great; aifT. Van Uden and Rottenhammer,
Banquet of the Gods ; 328. Moueheron, 329. A. Ouyp, Landscapes ; 386. Com,
Dusari, Bustic merry-making; 342. J. M. Molenaer, Cottage interior;
346. Karel Dujardin, Landscape with cattle; 348. Van der Meulen, Open-
air theatre; 849. Blomaert, Argus and Mercury; 350. Oonzales Coques (f).

238 Route 35, VIENNA. LieehienHtin OaUery.

Family in a garden; S51. Rjfckaert, Natiyitjr; 862. Laireuey Allegory; 953.
Amerlingy Thorwaldsen; 866. Ooianova, Thunder-storm; 366. Lmmpi^ Por-
trait of Canova.

Room VI. 358, 300. ArloiSy Landaeapefl; 869. OUtuber and Lairestey
Landscape; 361, 366. Huehtenburghf Battle-pieces; 368. Bourguignon, Ca-
valry engagement; Chardin, 868. Cook, 371. Mother and son, 876, 379.
Cooks; 374, 376, 380, 381. J. Vernetz Sea-pieces; 390. Bourguiffnon^ BtiHe'^
393. /. van der Meer van Haarlem^ Landscape; 404. Rubens, Perseus and
Andromeda; 410. Vrie$y 412. Ruben», *414. De Vlieger, Landscapes; 416.
ff&ntharsty Dentist.

Boom VII. 420. Poetenburg, Landscape; Ph, Wouwertnan, 430. Rob-
bers attacking, 432. Bathers, 443. Hawking; 431. Bereitem, Judgment of
Paris; 434. Brekelenkamp^ Oyster^seller ; 437. El. van den Broeek, Luncheon;
/. B. van der Metren, 444. Attack, 446. Cavalry skirmish, 448. Emigrants,
460. Harbour, 464. Naval battle ; 447. /. M. Molenaer, Bean-feast ; 494. Wou-
tr«rman. Landscape ; 466. Dirt Hals, Lady and gentleman; 461. Van der
Wer ff ^ Venus; 466. Lampi, Prince John Liechtenstein; 409, 474, 481, 484,
493. Teniers the Younger, Peasant-life; 480. Tenters, Pilgrims ; 473. O. Den
(Verelstf), Boys; 477. /. Brueghel, Landscape, with Tobias; 476. Eglon van
der Neer, Lady in a silk dress ; Craesbecke, 470. Lute-player, 478. Returning
home by night; 479. Aart van der Neer, Landscape by moonlight; 488, «^4.
A. van Ostade, Rustic scenes ; 486. Blmgeland, Money-changer ; 4Bi. J. van
Mieris, Harper. Landscapes by Flacker (464. 468, 471), Joh. Brueghel (477,
492). N. Berehem (482), and L. v. Cden (487490). — 492. Ph. de Chempaigne,
Pieta; 608. Snayers, Cavalry fight; 506. 7Aoma«, Alchemist ; 510. Terbnrg,
Portrait; Palamedes^H. Cavalry battle, 612. Guard-room; 614. Due,
Officers gambling; 523. Jordaens, Satyrs; Teniers, 518. Landscape, 623.
Rustic scene; 524. Limboreh, Musical party. — Landscapes by /. Bvane-
veld (604), /. Rvysdael (*61d), SacMleven (615), G. Berckheyde (620), Ledueq
(521), N. Berehem (522, 526), and Van der Does (527).

Room VIII. 629. Carri, Fair; 630. Oeeraerts, Children and Cupids;
633, 535. Egb. van der Poel, Conflagrations ; *634. Ph. Woutoerman, Battle ;
587, 538, 660. Poelenhurg, Landscapes; 639. A. Brouwer, Dentist; 540, 543.
Huysum, Flowers ; 641, 642. Teniers the Younger, Rustic scenes ; 644. Craes-
becke, mghi scene; 546, 547. Torenvliet. Portraits; 548. Elsheimer, Flight
into Egypt; 560, &68. Bakhuisen, Sea-piece: Teniers the Younger, 562. St.
Anthony, *563. Stable; *664. Ryekaert, Musical Entertainment; 666. Pakt-
medes, Gruard-room; 661. Brueghel, Landscape; Ruthart, Bß9. Stag, 571.
Herdsmen ; 670. Francken the Younger, Apollo and the Muses ; 677. P. Neeft
the Elder, Church-interior ; 680. Er. QuelUnus, Achilles among the women ;
582. Torenvliet, and 664. 688. 0. Schalcken. Portraits ; 683. A. van de Velde,
Ruins beside water ; 691. Francken, John tne Baptist preaching ; 692. J. Bel,
Parting ; 698. F. de Vriendt, Natiyity ; 594. P. van der Leeuw. Landscape ;
696. A. van de Velde, Landscape; 696. A. v. Ostade, Peasants aancing; o67
Backhuisen, Stormy sea; 698, 602. Rachal Ruyseh, Flowers; 699. FabriHtu,
Mountain scene; 005. Ph. Woutoerman, Two horsemen; 604, 606. 607, 606.
Torenvliet, Portraits; 609. Asseln, Architecture ; 611. Molenaer, Winter land-
scape; 612. Mgnon, Fruit; 613. Roos, Herdsman^s family; 616. A. van der
Werff, Entombment. — 618. Corn, van Haarlem, Mythological scene.

Room IX. 625. Ruthart, Lion ; 627. Artois, Beech forest ; 629. Mottcheron,
Landscape ; 631. Cuyp, Herdsman and herd-woman ; 640. Steenwyck, Church
interior; 639, 642. P. van Laar, Kight-scenes ; Brakenhwgh, 644. Judas in
the Temple, 646. The unjust steward ; 645. O. van den Eeekhoul, Royal
banquet: 647, 660, 651, 666, 674. Bottdewyns, and 662. 654. Moucheron, Land-
scapes; 655. Craesbecke, Peasant and wife; fö6, 660. Diepenbeeek, Arts and
Sciences ; 666. Ruthart, Mountain goats and leopardess; 661. Dirk Hals, Back-
gammon; Berckheyden,9&2. Farm-vard, 666. Bucolic scenes; 663. P. de Bloot,
Christ at the house of Lazarus ; 064. Sal. Koning, Christ opening the eyea
of the blind; Style of A. Elsheimer, Ceres; 675. J. M. Molenaer, Rustic

Sarty ; 684. Ruthart, Lion ; 685. J. van Huysum, View on the Italian coast ;
$9. A. van de Velde, Argus and lo; 691. /. van der Hey ölen, (3anal scene;
692. W. van Drillenburg, Landscape; 696. /. Ruysdael, Silvan landscape;
006. Ren^andt, Calm sea.

looter. VIENNA. 35. Route. 239

Boom X. 699. Aldegrever, YoungiiuiB; 700. M. Schaffntr^ Madonna;
701. J. van Bemessen^ Zaccheeus; 702. Altdorf er (f)^ Coronation of the
Virgin; 706. Mielich. Portrait; 709. Fr. Ctauet facliool-piece), Portrait; 710.
Lucas van LeydeUy Hermit in the desert; 711. Amberger (?), 712, 714. Zeit-
bkm^ 713. /. Clouet (f)^ and 717. Holbein ,the Younger (t)^ Portraits. —
720. P. Brueghel the Elder ^ Winter scene; 712. Barth, de Brvyn^ Magda-
lene ; 722. Netherlande School, The three Magi ; 724, 726. B. van Orley, Altar
wings; 725. Jfem/tn^r, Madonna; 728. Netherlands School (loth cent.), Cruci-
fixion; 790. Patinir, Crucifixion; 783. MemKng. Madonna and Child; 734.
Early Italian School , Miniature Portraits; 7d&-737. Hugo van der Goes,
Triptych; 739. Oranaeh, Abraham^s offering; 741. Franeonian School, Nati-
vity. — 744, 745. Gerhard van Hcuirlem (Early Flemish School ?), Altaic
piece; 746. Aug. Braun, Nativity; 748. Josse de Momper, Landscape; 749.
Aertszen, Bocky landscape; 750. Francken, Crucifixion, 751, 753. Coninxloo,
Landscapes; 7^. Yineheboons (f). Landscape.

Boom XI. (to the right of the preceding). Animal and flower-pieces,
«nd pictures of still-life by Tamm, Jan Fyt, N. van Verendael, Weenix,
Valckenburg, Be Xoninck, Angermeyer, Hondecoeter, Be Seem, Savery, Streck,
Schlegel, J. Roy, J. van Es, Gillemans, Van Oversche, and Snyders.

Boom XII. Similar works by Jan Fyt, Heda, Weenix, Be Koninek,
Tamm, Hondecoeter, W, van Aelst, F. Snyders, Be Hetm, Van Thielen, and
Hamilton. Sea-pieces by S. de Vlieger, Bakhuysen, Silo, Willaerts and
Bubbels. Landscapes by Loutherburg, Van Huysum, and Jan Both.

On the N. side of the beautiful park, which is generally closed,
stands the new palace of the dowager princess, a handsome edifice
l)y Ferstel in the style of the First French Empire. — A little to
the N. is the Station of the Fran'x-Josefs'Bahn (p. 187), whence
the BfigiUa Bridge leads to the Brigittenau (p. 2l9) on the £.

The suburb of Wihring, which lies to the W. of Alsergrund, outside
the Währlnger Line, contains the tasteful villas and handsome casino of
the Wiener Cottage- Verein , charmingly situated at the S.E. base of the
Türkenschanze. On the top of the Türkenschanze is the new Observatory.
To the £., in the Giirtel-Str., is the Jewish Hospital, founded by the late
Baron Anselm von Bothsehild, and admirably fitted up.

The ^Prater» a park and forest on the E. side of the city, ad-
joining the Leopoldstadt, 4270 acres in extent, became the property
of the imperial family in 1570, and was used as a hunting-ground till
1766, when Emp. Joseph II. opened it as a public park. From the
Prater-Stem (PI. F, 2), a circular space at the end of the busy Prater-
Strasse (formerly the Jägerzeile, p. 218), radiate three spacious ave-
nues, the Haupt-AlUe, the Feuerwerk- or Ausstelhings- Allee, and
the Sehwimmsdiul- Allee, which divide the Prater into three fan-
shaped sections. The Haupt- Allee, or principal avenue, to the
right, with a quadruple row of fine chestnut-trees, is a favourite
resort of the fashionable world in May , when many fine horses,
elegant toilettes , and handsome faces will be observed. The most
brilliant corso*s take place on Easter Monday, May 1st, and Aug.
18th (the Emperor's birthday). The usual drive extends past the
three Cafis (p. 189, military bands daily in summer) as far as the
(1^2 M.) Roruieau, or to the Lusthaus (Restaurant), 1 YjM. farther.
Opposite the second and third caftfs is the Ckmstaniinshügel (Sa-
cher's Restaurant), an artificial mound, with miniature waterfalls and
a small boating-lake.

240 Route 35. VIENNA. Prater.

Nearer the entrance of the Prater (Haupt-Allee No. 1) is the
Aquarium (adm., see p. 193).

The part of the Prater between the two main avenues and
beyond the Feuerwerk-AIlee, known as the Volks- or Wukstbl-
Pbateb , is the favourite haunt of the lower classes , especially on
Sunday and holiday-afternoons, and abounds in attractions adapted
to their taste ('Wurstel' = buffoon). Volkstheaterj seep. 191. Fire-
works are exhibited here occasionally in summer, e.g. on the Empe-
ror's birthday, Aug. 18th.

In the course of the Danube Improvement Works, which have
been going on for some years, a broad new channel has been cut for
the river on the N.E. side of the Prater; handsome quays have also
been formed, and new suburbs are rapidly springing up. At the
end of the Schwimmschul-Allee (tramway) , which leads from the
Prater-Stern to the Danube, to the left, is the magnificent new
*Städti8che Badeanstalt (p. 192), which includes a large swim-
ming-bath, 250 ft. long by 145 ft. broad (9-1 o'clock reserved for
ladies), four smaller basins for non-swimmers, and an ample sup-
ply of private baths, accommodating in all 1200 persons. There is
a caf^-restaurant in connection with the establishment, and the
terrace affords an admirable *Vl6w of the new channel of the Da-
nube as far as the Kahlenberg. The ^Kronprinm-Budolf-Brücke^
built by Fischer in 1872-76 at an outlay of about 140,000/., here
crosses the Danube. Below it, on the right bank, are several very
extensive warehouses and magazines, connected by rails with the N.
station and the junction-line. About V2 ^* f&rther down , also on
the right bank , are the Military Swimming Baths (p. 192).

The International Exhibition held at Vienna in 1873 was sit-
uated in the Prater, where the large Rotunda , the Art Hall^ and
the ^Pavilion des Amateurs^ have been left standing , and are now
used for annual exhibitions , large concerts , and similar purposes.
The roof of the rotunda (adm. 20 kr.) commands a very extensive
prospect. In the neighbourhood are the new Trotting Course and
the dairy of the Krieau (^Restaurant). — At the end of the Prater
is the Freudenau^ with the Race Course (grand stand 2fl.).

The older Oemeteriei of Vienna, with the exception of the Protestant,
which contains a pretty church by Hansen, are unattractive, and contain
few good monuments. In the 'Orts-Friedhof at Wahrino, iVs M. to the
N.W. of Vienna (comp. PI. B, l)^JP'rancJfc, the celebrated physician (d. 1822),
the composers Beethoven (d. 1827) and Schubert (d. 1^), and the poet
Orillparzer (d. 1872), are interred. The omnibus from the Stephans-Platz
to Währing passes near this cemetery. The cemetery of St. Marx, to the
right, outside the St. Marx Line, in the district of Landstrasse, contains a
monument to Mozart (d. 1791), erected on the supposed spot of his inter-
ment. In the cemetery of Matzlbinsdorf, */« ^* to the S.W. of the S.
Station, is the grave of the composer Oluck (d. 1787). The poet Lenau (d.
1860) is buried in the cemetery of Weidling (p. 247). — Xone of these ce-
meteries are now used, all interments taking place in the extensive new
Central Cbhetbrt, at Kaiser-Ebersdorf, which contains numerous handsome
monuments (tramway, see p. 190). The bodies of Beethoven and Schubert
are to be brought hither.

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242 Route 36, MÖDLING. Environs

70 kr.) •, to Baden in 1 hr. (fares 1 fl. 29, 97, 65 kr. ; return, 1 fl. 95, 1 fl.
45, 95 kr.)- Extra-trains on Sundays and holidays. Laxenburg is 1 H.
from (IIV2 ^0 Biedermannsdorf on the Aspang Bailway (Bennweg, Land-
Strasse; fares 80, 60, 35 kr., return 1 fl. 20, 80, 60 kr.).

The railway passes through very pleasing scenery (best views on
the right). The train runs at a considerable height, affording an ex~
tensive view to the E. as far as the Leitha Mts., and to the W. over
the city, numerous villas, and populous villages at the base of a beau-
tiful range of hills. The train skirts the cemetery of Matzleinsdorf
(p. 240). Farther on , on the summit of the Wiener Berg to the
left, rises a Gothic column, erected in 1452, known as the Spin-
nerin am Kreuz. The suburbs of the city extend as far as (2 M.)
Meidling. To the right, beyond the avenue from Schönbrunn to
Laxenburg, is the Oloriette (p. 241). SM, Hetzendorf , with an
imperial chUeau. About Y2 ^* ^ the W. , on the Rosenhügel
near Speising (800 ft.) , is the principal reservoir of the Vienna
Water Company. 5 M. Atzgersdorf, near which is Mauer, with the
extensive barracks and shooting-ranges of the Austrian rifle bri-
gade (Feldjäger); 6 M. Liesing (* Waldbauer), with a large brewery
and restaurant (fine view from the pavilion in the garden).

From Liesing a branch-line runs via Perchtholdsdorf to (4V2 M.) Kal-
tenleutjreben, a village with numerous villas and two hydropathic es-
tablishments , charmingly situated in the valley of the Dürre JAesing.
A pleasant excursion may he made thence to the (11/4 hr.) Höllenttein
(2120 ft.), on the top of which is a tower commanding a beautiful view.

7 M. Perchtholdsdorf (*Schwarzer Adler, good wine), with an
old church destroyed by the Turks in 1683 and lately restored. —
9 M. Brunn, with an interesting church.

10 M. Modling (H6Ul zum Cursalon; H6t. Modling; Hirsch;
*Ooldnes Lamm, good wine; Enzer^runner, garden -concerts in
summer), is an old market-town with 7500 inhabitants. At the W.
end of the town (which is nearly 1 M. long), at the entrance to the
Brühl, is the new Park, containing a 'Cursalon' and An open-air
theatre. To the right , on a rock, rises the early-Gothic Church of
St. Othmar, with a crypt, and a Byzantine baptistery adjacent. To
the left of the railway lies the suburb of Scheffel, with the Hyrtl
Orphanage. About 3/^ M. to the W. is the hydropathic of Priessnitz-
thai; and 3/4 M. farther on is the favourite milk-g&täenot Bi^ards-
hof. — Branch-line to Laxenburg, see p. 243.

The *Btu]i1 (electric railway from Modling to Hlnterbrühl,
2M., 18 trains dally; fare to Klause 10, VorderbrühliÖ, Hlnterbrühl
20 kr.), a ravine in the limestone-rock, abounding In natural beau-
ties, is the property of Prince Liechtenstein, whose father caused it
to be adorned with pleasure-grounds and artificial ruins. At the
entrance to the valley is the aqueduct of the new works by which
Vienna is supplied with water from the foot of the Schneeberg.
The dusty road follows the left bank of the brook as far as (2 M.)
Yorderbrühl. The new path on the right bank of the brook (which
is crossed before the aqueduct is reached) is far preferable. It passes

of Vimfia, LAXENBURG. 3Ö. Route, 243

an inscription on the rock to the left in honour of Prince John
Liechtenstein. As far as YorderbrUhl the valley is called the
Klause, at the end of which on the hill to the left rises the rain
of Modling. The pleasant dale of the Vorderbruhl now opens (*Zwei
Raben , much frequented ; farther on , beyond the large meadow,
is the farm of the prince, with a cafQ.

Another very attractive path leads to the Vorderbruhl over the top of
the hills bounding the Brühl on the N. From the back of the church the
Seftwarze Thurm on the Kalenderberg is reached in 10 min.; the path
beyond it is well-constructed and protected by railings, and finally descends
into the Brühl by a flight of steps cut in the rock. Or the traveller may
follow a path to the right upon the hill, passing some artificial ruins, to (1/4 hr.)
the extensive ruins of the castle of Liechtenstein^ which was destroyed by
the Turks. Adjoining it is a modem Chateau with a garden in the English
style, from which a road descends to (>/4 M.) Vorderbruhl. — From stat.
Brunn to Vorderbruhl by the castle of Liechtenstein is a walk of 1 hr.

One of the highest hills in the neighbourhood is crowned by
the HüSABBNTBMPBL, erected by Prince John Liechtenstein in 1813.
Seven Austrians who fell at Aspern and Wagram are interred in
the vault below. Extensive view to the N. as far as Schdnbrunn
and Vienna, and to the S. to the Schneeberg. The road leading to
it is bad at first, but afterwards improves. The footpath (^/^ hr.) is
preferable. We follow the high-road, passing the Raben and Stern
inns, and then ascend by the second lane to the left ('Husaren-
tempelgasse') beyond the latter inn.

The valley beyond Vorderbruhl is less interesting. The road leads by
Hinterbrilhl (^Restaurant Höldrichsmühle) and Oaden to the ancient abbey
of (71/2 M.) Heiliflrenkreus and its Romanesque church with fine cloisters
and the tombs of Frederick 'der Streitbare' and other members of the
Babenberg family; then through the Sattelbaehthal and the beautiful
Helenenthal to Baden. A shorter path leads from Gaden by Siegenfeld to
the Helenenthal, the latter part of the way very rugged. Another direct
path from Oaden to Baden descends in iifa hr. If time be limited, the
traveller is recommended to return from the Husaren-Tempel to Höaling,
and proceed thence by railway to Baden , from which the Helenenthal is
more conveniently visited.

The ascent of the ^Hoohanninger (2215 ft.), accomplished from Modling
in 2-2V2 hrs^ is interesting. The path crosses the 'Qoldne Stiege", passes
the 'Breite Föhre' and the 'Krauste Linde\ and leads to the Wühelmtwarte
on the highest point of the Anninger plateau (magnificent view). The
view from the Eechenkogel (2130 ft.), the second summit of the Anninger,
is more extensive towards the 17^. and W. At the Buchbrunnen^ a little
below the two summits, is the Anningerhau$, which is open as a restaurant
in summer. The Anninger may also be ascended from Gumpoldskirchen,
Baden, Hinterbrühl, and Gaden (shortest and easiest). The paths are all
provided with finger-posts.

Branch -line from Modling to (7 min.) Lazenburg (*Stem;

*Hartmann^8 Restaurant at the station) , an imperial chateau and

park , on the Schwechat and the Vienna and Neustadt Canal. It

consists of a building erected in 1377, and another in 1600, con*'

taining little of interest. The flower-gardens are closed, but the 'Park

is open to the public. The principal points are generally visited in

the following order (guide, useful to hurried visitors, 1 fl.).

Monument of Francis II., a colossal bust in marble by Marchesi; Lust-
haus im Eichenhain ('summer-house in the oak-grove**), a saloon with eight

16*

244 Route 36, BADEN. Efkotrons

vi6WB of the park \ Bittergnift (vault of the knights) y a Gothic chapel \
Meierei (farm); Bittersäule (knighfs column). In the vicinity of the latter
is the Fbanzensbdbo , erected in 1801, on an island in the lake (ferry
10 kr.)t a chateau containing a valuable collection of mediaeval curiosities.
The Ha/ptfyurg Saloon contains 7 statues of sovereigns, from Rudolph I. to
Charles VI. and Haria Theresa*, in the Reception JRoom 6 portraits of
Bohemian kings, ceiling in wood-work of 1580 ; in the next room Wallen-
stein^s cabinet \ in the Dining Boom a fine inlaid table, old glass , etc. ; in
the Drmnng Boom two large pictures by Höchle , marriage of Francis II.
to his third wife (1806), and the ban<j[uet on that occasion; in the Bed
Boom^ copy of a picture by Dürer; m the Throne Boom^ coronation of
Francis II. and banquet in the Bömer at Frankfurt; in the Chtg^l the
monstrance raised by the priest when the Bmp. Max was in a perilous
position on tiie Martinswand; in the Dungeon an automaton which shakes
its chains ; from the Totter a magnificent view of the Alps of Styria and
the Schneeberg to the 8., and of the Leitha Mts. to the S.£. ; in the
Coronation Saloon the 'Coronation of Emp. Ferdinand (1890), painted by
Höchle, Coronation of the Empress Carolina (1825), by Bücher ; in the Hall
the interview of Leopold with Sobieski, the Emp. Max on ttie Martins-
wand, and three other pictures by Höchle and Bücher; in the *Lothringer-
»aal (Lorraine Boom) w portraits of princes of this family, the finest
those of Archd. Charles and Archd. John (fee 35-60 kr.). — The visitor
now recrosses the bridge at the back of the Franzensburg, turns to the
right, and follows the bank of the lake past the Turnier-Platz (or 'tourna-
ment-ground'*) to the Grotto; then crosses the Gothic bridge and ascends
to the gold-fish pond; small waterfall; temple of Diana; finally back by
the Prater to the railway-station. — Those whose time permits may also
visit the Mariannen- Inset (by boat), beyond the Franzensburg, an island
with a pavilion containing a fine Boman mosaic pavement.

A walk through the park by .the above route, allowing 1/2 ^^ • for
a visit to the Franzensburg, may be accomplished in 2 hrs. A delay
sometimes occurs at the Franzensburg, as a limited number of per-
sons only are admitted at one time. Pleasant excursions by boat
may be taken among the numerous arms of the lake (through the

grotto to the Mariannen-Insel and back 1-1 Vs fl-)*

The excursions to the BrilU^ Schönbrunn, and Laxenburg may be
combined thus. By first morning train to Mödling, visit the Husaren-
Tempel ; then by train to Laxenburg , stay of 2-3 hrs. ; back by train to
Stat. Hetzendorf (p. 242), on foot to Schönbrunn (1/4 hr.), through the gar-
den to the Gloriette O/a hr.), Menagerie (Vs hr.); tramway (p. 190) back
to Vienna in i/s hr.

The railway from Mödling to Baden passes (13 M.) GurUrama-
doff and (14 M.) (htmpcldakirehtn (Bairischer Hof; Adam), the
latter famous for Its wine. Short tunnel.

I6V2 M. Baden (695 ft.; *8adi Wim; *Orüner Baum;
*8chwar%er Adler; Lowe; Passegger' s Restaurcmt; Cafi Miehel,
Schopf, etc/), a town with 7000 inhab., is celebrated for its warm
baths (72**-97** Fahr.), which were known to the Romans (Thermae
Pannonicae). Sulphate of lime is the principal ingredient of the
waters. The chief spring (BömerquelUj or Ursprung) rises copiously
in a cavern at the base of the Calvarienberg , in the dolomite-
limestone , through which it is reached by a passage, 40 yds. long
(fee 25 kr.). The entrance is in the left corner of the shady Stadt-
park, which contains the Cursaal, a TririkhaUe, and the Arena, an
open-air theatre. In the park is also a bronze bust of the poet
Frans Orillparzer (d. 1872), erected in 1874. Most of the baths are

of Vienna, HELENENTHAL. 36, Route, 245

fitted up for bathing in common , costumes being provided for the
purpose. The Herzogsbad is capable of containing 150 persons ; ad-
jacent, in the Franzens-Strasse, are the Anlonahad and the There-
sievAad In the Berg-Strasse, near the park, is a large * Swimming
Bath with water from a thermal spring (75^ Fahr.; adm. 30 kr.^.

A path hence ascends the barren Calvariehberg (1070 ft.J in
1/4 hr. The Moritzruh^ a pavilion at the top , was built by the poet
Moritz Saphir (d. 1858). Extensive *View of the populous plain,
in the background S.E. the Leitha Mts., in the foreground Baden,
to the right the Weilburg, above it the ruin of Rauheneck. Then a
descent of 1/4 hr. by pleasant walks to the Stadtpark. — Visits may
also be paid to the Roüet Muaeum , in the Bedoute , and to the
Tovm Archives , in the Rathhaus. — In the vicinity is the chateau
of Outenbrunn,

The ^Helenenthftl (^Sacher's Hotel ^ Besiauranty with hydro-
pathic, at the entrance), is the favourite promenade in the environs.
The entrance to the valley is crossed by the aqueduct of the Vienna
waterworks (p. 242). The road (tramway from the S. Station to the
Rauhensteiu Brewery, 15 kr.) ascends on the left bank of theÄcÄtre-
chat; on the right bank there is a road as far as (1 M.) Weilburg only,
where it descends to the left bank. On the right bank at the entrance
to the valley stands the WeiUmrg , the chateau of Archduke Albert
with a handsome Gothic chapel. The hill above is crowned with the
ruin of Bauheneck. Above the Weüburg are pleasant grounds ex-
tending up the valley to the Antonsbrücke and beyond it (*Restau-
rant on the side next Baden). On the precipitous rocks on the op-
posite bank is perched the considerable ruin of Bauhenstein (worthy
of a visit, good path to it through the Alexandrowicz grounds,
ascent from the Bergstrasse in Baden , 1/2 ^^O* Then, on the right
bank, the ruin ot Schar feneek , a little way back from the valley.
The VttheMein (3 M. from Baden), a rock which formerly termi-
nated the valley, is now penetrated by a tunnel. Paths on both
sides ascend to the top , which affords a survey of the picturesque
wooded valley. Farther distant (41/2 M. from the tramway-terminus)
are the Krainerkutten (•inn). Fiacre from the station to this point
in 1 hr. (whole excursion 3-4 fl.). — The abbey of HeUigenikreuz

(p. 243) lies about 3 M. farther up, In the Sattelbachthal,

The "EiMrne Thor iHoker Lindhegel; 2825 ft.), the highest hiU in the
neighbourhood, may be ascended from Baden in 3 hrs. : to the shooting-
lodge in the WeicTiselthal I1/4 hr. ; thence by a path, indicated by red and
bine marks, to the (l«/4 hr.) summit (Restaurant; view-tower). — Marked
paths also ascend (in iVs l»*) from the KrainerMUen (see above) and from
Merkenttein (p. 267).

Kahlbnbbbg and Lbofoldsbero.

Very pleasant excursion. Railwat (Franz-Josephsbahn) in 10 min.
or Stbamboat (starting from the Karlssteg at 2, 3, 4, 4.30, and 5 p.m.) in
40 min. to Ndssdobf (railway • fares 25, 15, 10 kr., return 50, 25, 18 kr. ^
steamboat 20, return 30 kr.). From Kussdorf to the top of the Kahlenberg
by the Zahnradbahn CRack-and-pinion Railway') in V2 br. (fai"© 80 or 40 kr.,

246 RouU36. LEOPOLDSBERG. Environs

return 1 fl. 20 or 60 kr. ; Sundays and holidays 40 and 60 kr.)- Through-
fares from Vienna to the top of the Kahlenberg 1 fl. 60, 85, 76 kr. —
TsAMWAT from the Schotten-Bing or Währing to liussdorf and Kahlenberg ;
return-fare (2nd cl.) 75 kr.

Railway to stat. Nusadorfy see p. 314. The station of the Zahn-
radbahn lies a few hundred yards to the left. The 'Zahnradbahn*,
which is 31/4 M. long, is constmcted, like that on the Rigi, on the
*rack-and-pinion' system, with a cog-wheel working into a toothed
rail, and ascends at a gentle gradient (1 : 20 to 1 : 10), reaching the
top in 32 minutes. Station Orinzing (Berger's Restaurant, in the
Yicinity, shady garden and good wine), ahoye the charmingly-situated
village ofthat name, with its numerous ylllas, among which that of
Herr Ferstel, in the Gothic style, is the most striking; 2M. Krapfen-
iratdf (restaurant), a favourite resort of the Viennese. The line now
curves round the Wildgrube, and reaches [3V4 M.) the terminus on
the Kahlenberg (1404 ft.). Adjacent are the chateau of Josephsdorf
and the large * Hotel Kahlenberg, in an open situation on the
plateau (band on Thurs. and Sun. afternoons). The new ^Stephanie-
warte (belvedere tower) affords an extensive •View of Vienna and
the Marchfeld (p. 323), the spurs of the Carpathians on the
frontier of Moravia and Hungary, and the Styrian Alps to the S.

The best route for pedestrians to the Kahlenberg is also from Xuss-
dorf (1 hr.''8 easy walking). The Zahnradbahn (see above) is crossed above
the station, and the course of the Schreiberbach ascended by a shady
path called the Beethoven- Oang, with a bronze bust of the great composer,
who made this a frequent resort. We then follow the road (not to be
mistaken), passing the Inn Zur Eisernen Hand C^Yiew), to the hotel. —
A picturesque walk, recommended to active pedestrians, may be taken
from Kahlenberg to the S.W. , vi& the Kobeml (with chateau and park
of Baron Sothen), the Hertnanntkogel, and the Holländer Ddr/el (p. 247) to
the (3V2-4 hrs.) Sophienalpe (route indicated by red marks). — From the
Kahlenberg to Weidling, see p. 247.

A pleasant forest-path, passing the terminus of the disused
wire -rope railway, leads from the hotel to the * Leopoldsberg,
the last eminence of the Wienerwald , 1/2 ^^- from the Kahlen-
berg, rising 886 ft. immediately above the Danube (1378 ft. above
the sea-level). In the church here, built on the site of an old
castle , John Sobieski , Charles of Lorraine , and other generals of
the allied army , offered prayers for success in their approaching
conflict with the Turks (3rd Sept., 1683). Near the church is
an inn. The ** View is much more extensive than from the Kah-
lenberg, embracing the whole of the hilly region from the heights
at Meissau on the N.W. to the Pohlaugebirge on the N. ; to the E.,
the Wetterling, Plassenstein , and the Lesser Carpathians with the
Ballenstein and the Thebenerkogel ; to the S.E., the Leithagebirge ;
to the S., the Styrian Alps and the Wienerwald ; also the Danube
for many miles, with its beautiful wooded islands ; and lastly, the
central-point of the extensive landscape (900 sq. M.), the imperial
city of Vienna, with the new channel of the Danube and its Ave
bridges. — From the Leopoldsberg a path constructed by the

of Vienna, , DORNBACH. 36. Route, 247

Austrian Tourist Club descends in easy zigzags to KahHenbetgerdorf

(railway and steamboat-station, p. 314), at the N.E. base of the

hill, in ^2 ^» (ascent 1 hr.).

A good survey of Vienna is obtained by ascending the hill to the left of
Orinzing (see above) as far as the (20 min.) beautifully-situated * Villa Belle-
«II«; and in 10 min. more (way indicated by a notice) to the still higher
*Am Bimmel Inn (finest view from the steps of the Elisabethcapelle). Thence
a rapid descent through a shady valley to (1/4 hr.) Sieveringy whence om-
nibuses run every hour to Vienna (p. 190).

Klostb&nbubvbo, Dobnbagh, Nbu-Waldbgg.

At Klosteraenburg (Schiff; Herzogshut), 5V2M. to the N.W. of
Vienna (a station of the Franz-Joseph Railway, p. 314), a small town
on the right bank of the Danube, 3 M. above Nussdorf (p. 246), is
situated the oldest and wealthiest Augustine Monastery in Austria,
to which upwards of two-thirds of the immediate environs of Vienna
belong. The palatial abbey-buildings were erected in 1750.

The valuable Treasury (apply to the treasurer , best at 10.30 a.m. ;
1 fl. to the attendant) and the ^aiserzimmer' with their handsome tapestry
(50 kr. to the attendant) are well worthy of a visit. The Leopoldscapelle
contains the celebrated Altcxr of Verdun^ consisting of 51 plates of metal
with rude representations of biblical subjects ('niello' work), dating from
1181, and perhaps the first attempts in the art of engraving, of which Maso
Finiguerra (1450) is usually considered to have been the inventor. The
windows of the old chapter-room are filled with stained glass, dating from
the end of the 13th century. — The abbey also possesses the ancient arch-
ducal hat, which was formerly used at the ceremony of vowing fealty
and homage.

The column in the Kirchenplatz was erected in 1381 on the
cessation of the plague. Large Pioneer Barracks. Good wines at the
^Stiftskdler^ Albrechtsbergergasse 3, and fine view from the terrace.
The monster-cask, in a small house adjacent to the church on the
left, is noteworthy. The admirably-arranged Lunatic Asylum (a
branch of the State Asylum) and the (Enological and Pomological

Institute deserve the attention of specialists.

In the WeidUnger^Thal ^ about 2 H. to the S.W. of Elosterneuburg,
lies the pleasant village of Weidling (Strauss; Zum Tiroler). Farther up
the valley are Unter-WeidHngbach CU&tviachka,) and (4V2 M.) Ober-Weidling-
&aoA (Wallner''8 Bestaurant). The Kahlenberg or the Hermcmnskogel (see
p. 248) may be ascended from Weidling in ^Ja hr. From Unter-Weidling-
bach to the Hermannskogel V« ^r., to the Holländer Lörfel (see p. 248)
3/4 hr. \ from Ober-Weidlingbach via Toifl to the Sophienalpe */« hr., see
below. 17umerous finger-posts and way-marks.

From (V2 hr.) Kierling (whey-cure ; pension 30 fl. per week), situated
in the valley of that name, 3 M. to the W. of Elosterneuburg, pleasant
wood-paths lead by the Qsängerhüite^ the Eichenhain inn, the Kanzelhütte^ and
the WindiscJihUtte to (2 hrs.) Weidlinghaeh (see above).

Dombaoh and Keu-Waldegg, two adjoining villages to the W.
of Vienna (Restaurant zur Güldnen Waldschnepfe ; tramway and
omnibus, see p. 190), are also frequently visited. The principal
attraction here is the Park of Prince Sehwarzenberg, through which
a road (one-horse carr. 1^2-2 fl.) ascends from the halting-place
of the tramway to the (3 M. j Hameauy 01 Hollander Dorf el (1515 ft. ;
*Inn), a flne point of view : E., a part of Vienna, the Marchfeld,

248 Route 37, HADERSDORP.

and the spurs of the Carpathians , the Danube down to Hainburg
(p. 333) with its white chUeau; S., a mountain-landscape, the
Schneeberg conspicuous in the background. From the Hollander
Dorfel a pleasant path leads in ^/^ hr. to the *8ophien-Alpe (1595
ft. ; Inn), another fine point of view. We may then descend through
the Haltertkal or past the 'Knödelhütte' Inn to (1 1/4 hr.) Hütteldorf
(see below).

The return-route from the Sophienalpe by Hinter- Eaimbach (see below)
is picturesque, and the longer route by the charming village of Steinbach
is recommended to good walkers. The descent may also be made to
Ober-Weidlinffb(tch (see p. 247).

A steep path leads to the IT. from the Holländer Dorfel to Unter-
Weidlingbach (see p. 247). — A wider prospect, but of late much confined
by trees, may be enjoyed from the Bermanntkoffel (1778 ft.), ascended
from the Hollander Dorfel, Weidling, Weidlingbach, or Sievering in
8/4-I hr. (with guide). At the Jägerwiese (refreshments), halfway up, is
the Virgin Fountain (Jvng/ern- Brandt) ^ which is much frequented on
Fridays by intending purchasers of lottery-tickets, who hope to decipher
the winning numbers in the figures made by the water as it falls into
the basin ! A tolerable path, easily found, leads from the Hermannskogel
to the Kohlenberg via the Kobenzl (comp. p. 246). — The Oulizinberg
(1273 ft.), to the S.W. of Dornbach, with the park and chateau of Prince
Montleart (d. 1887), is another excellent point of view. It is reached from
Ottakring, which is connected with Vienna by tramway, by a pleasant
path about IV2 M. in length (Matuschka''8 restaurant).

37. From Vienna to Linz.

117 M. Wkstebn Railway in Sy^-V/i hrs. — Travellers in the reverse
direction (Linss to Vienna) will find the steamboat preferable (8-9 hrs.)^
comp. p. 253.

W. Station (Restaurant), outside the Mariahilf Line, see p. 187.
Soon after starting, Schönbrunn (p. 241) appears on the left. 2 M.
Penzing , see p. 241. On the hill to the left rises the archi-
episcopal chateau of Ober St. Veit. 31/2 M. Hütteldorf (Hotel Blank;
Restaurant Cordon, IY2 M. from the railway, reached by a pretty
wood-path) , with numerous villas ; to the left the walls of an exten-
sive deer-park enclosed by Charles VI. and Joseph II. (A road
leads hence to the N. through the Haltertkal to the Sophien- Alpe ;
see above). On the left, Mariabrunn with its pilgrimage-church ;
the monastery, erected by Ferdinand III. in 1636 , is now a school
for foresters. Near (5^2 M.) Weidtingau are a chateau and park
of Prince Dietrichstein.

In the vicinity, to the N.E., is Hadergdorf, once presented by Haria
Theresa to Marshal Laudon (d. 1790), who is interred in the park. —
Farther on in the picturesque Mauerbach-Thal lies (3 M.) Vorder-Haim-
baeh (* Gaf^-Restaurant Lohner), whence a road to the right leads through
a narrow wooded valley to (1 H.) Hinter-Haimbach (ascent to the Sophien-
Alpe, 'Ali''} see above). About V2 M. above Vorder-Haimbach is another
lateral valley containing the pretty little village of Steinbaeh (see above).
In the main valley, about V/2 M. farther on, is the old Carthusian monas-
tery of Afauerbacht founded by Frederick Hhe Handsome' (d. 1322) , the rival
of Lewis the Bavarian (p. 173). A good path leads hence in I^/a hr. to the Tul-
binger Kogel (1614 ft.), a fine point of view, frequently visited from Vienna.

7^2 M. Furkeradorf with numerous rillas.

ST. POLTEN. 37, Route. 249

To the N.W. rises the (2 hrs.) Troppberg (1770 ft.) , a good point of
view. — A shady path leads to the N. oyer the Eichberg (1375 ft.) to
(1 hr.) Vorder-Haimbach (see p. 248). — From the Rudol/shöhe (1550 ft.),
1 hr. to the S. , which also commands a beautiful view, we may return
by the Sehöffehtarte (1415 ft.) to (li/s hr.) Parkersdorf.

The line now quits the old Mgh-road, tnrns to the left, and pro-
ceeds throngh the Wolfsgraben and the Pfalzau towards the heights
of the Wuner Wald^ or Forest of Vienna. To the S.W. of (I2V2M.)
Presbaum are the sources of the Wien. The scenery is wild and
picturesque as far as (15^/2 M.) Rekawinkel (*Sigmeth's Restau-
rant, Y4 M. from the station), with numerous ylllas, on the watershed
(1157 ft.). Farther on, two long tunnels are passed through and
the Aiehgraben is traversed by means of a viaduct, 144 ft. high.
231/2 M. Neulenghaehy prettily situated on a hill, with a chateau
of Prince Liechtenstein ahove it. The Buchberg (1522 ft.), 3 M.
to the N., commands a beautiful view. To the N.W. is the long
ridge of the Baspelwald.

27 M. Kirchstetten; 30 M. Boheimkirehen , on fhe Perschling-
bach. Beyond (33^2 ^0 Pottenbrurm the line quits the mountains
and crosses the Traisen, on which lies the weU- built town of
(38 M.) St. Polten (^Kaiserin von Oesterreiehi Krebs, at the station;
Railway Restaurant)^ an episcopal see, with 10,015 inhabitants.
The Abbey Churchy founded in 1030, re-erected in the transition-
style in 1266 after a fire, and restored in the degraded style of last

cent., contains some good stained glass in the S. aisle.

ExcüBSiONS. To the S. to the chateau of Ochsenburg, at the end of
the Stem/eld, with fine view (I'/z hr.)^ also to the chateaux of Viehho/en
(3/4 hr.), Ooldegg (Va hr.), and Friedau (IV2 hr.), with gardens and art-
collections.

Fbom St. Polten to Leobebsdobf , tö H. , railway in 3 hrs. The
line follows the left bank of the Traisen, and traverses the Stein/eld towards
the S. ; on the left stands the chateau of Ochsenburg (see above). 71/2 M.
Wilhelnuburg, a thriving village; 12 M. ScheibmUhl-Traisen (branch-line to
Schrambach) ', 15 M. St. Veit an der QöUen , a small manufacturing town,
from which the ReisaApe (4Ö90 ft.) , a fine point of view , is ascended in
5 hrs. 19 M. Hainfeld (1380 ft. ; Weinirmibe ; Krone ; Rail. Restaurant), a
manufacturing town, picturesquely situated at the influx of the Ramsau
into the Gölsen. In the vicinity are numerous small iron-works. Pleasant
excursions may be made to (3 M .) Ramsau and to (6V2 M.) Kkineell in the
HalAachthal, from which the Reisalpe (see above) may be ascended in 3 hrs.
— The train now crosses the culminating point of the line (1886 ft.) and
descends to (27 M.) Kaumberg. 30 M. Altenmarlt, on the Triestingbach ;
35 M. Weissenbach; 38 M. Pottenstein-Bemdorf , with an extensive electro-
plate-manufactory; 40 M. Triestinghof, Vs ^* to the E. of which is the large
village oi 8t. Veit; 43^/% M. Enzesfeld, with the chateau of the same name
on the hill to the right. Then (47 M.) Leobersdwf (p- 267).

43 M. Prinzersdorff on the rapid Pielach; on the hills to the
right are the ruins of Hoheneck, The train now passes Markersdorf,
and reaches (46 M.) Oross-Sieming and (48^2 M.) Loosdorf, with
large cement- works. To the S. is the handsome chateau otSchalla-
burg ; to the H. the ruined castles of 8itzenthal^ Albrechtsberg, and
Osterburg, Beyond a tunnel we reach (53 M.) Helk (p. 256), with
its church and monastery, the finest point on the line. The train

250 Route 37, AMSTETTEN. From Vienna

crosses the MeUc, and then skirts the Dornte, On the opposite
bank is the chUteau of Weiteneek (p. 266). On the hill farther on,
Artstetten, the handsome residence of Aichdake Lewis Victor. Beyond
(58 M.) Pochlam (p. 266) the Erlaf is crossed; to the right Mar-
bach ; on the hill above it , the pilgrimage-church of Maria-Taferl
(p. 255),

FsoM PÖGHi«4SN TO KiBNBEBG- Gaming , 23Va M., ridlway in 2 hrs.
Stations ^Wau/, Wieselburg; 13 M. Purffttall^ with a chateau. 17 M. Scheibbt
(1060 ft.; *Beinffhl; Sineh), prettily situated amid wooded hills, with the
(Etscher in the background. 19 M . Jfeubruck^ at the mouth of the JetmUz.
— 23V3 M. Kienberg- Qaminff , the station for (2 M. ; omn. 20 kr.) Ckuning
(1410 ft.; ^mUriegeHi *P<ucher), a pleasantly-situated little town, with the
interesting ruins of a Carthusian convent and a chateau of Count Festetics.

BxcDBsioNs FBOM Gauing (for fuller details, see Baedeker'^e Eeuter»
Alps). Through the romantic Erla/thal to the (57« hrs.) Lasnng FaU
and the * (Etschergrdben^ very attractive. — *A8cent of the CStseher. We
follovr the Lunz road (see below) to the Grubbera (2470 ft.), and then
proceed to the left to the (3 hrs.) Lackenhof (2740 ft. ; ** Jagersberger) ;
thence by a marked path (guide unnecessary) to the Riff'eUattel in IV2 l^r*
and to the (Etscher- HiUie in '/s ^^' more; lastly across the Kreuzboden to
the (l>/2 hr.) top of the Chrotae (Etscher (6210 ft. ; extensive view).

Fbom Gaming to Göstling, 13 M., diligence daily in S'/z hrs. The half-
way station is (6 M.) Luna (i9oO ft. ; Schadensteiner; Dieminger)^ prettily
situated on the Ybbs and a pleasant point for a prolonged stay. Tlie lake
of the same name (2026 ft.) lies >/< M. to the E. — CMstling (1746 ft.;
'^Reiehenp/ader ; Berger\ 7M. farther up the valley, is picturesquely situated
at the confluence of the Ybbs and the Qöstlingbaeh. The Calvcsrienberg
commands a fine view. Pleasant walk through the *Sieihbachthal ; another
through the *No^\ a romantic gorge, to the (2 hrs.) MHsterhaus in the
Wintersbetehau (Inn). — A road leads to the 8. from Goatling to 0 H.)
Lasting and then through the MendHngthal to Paifau and Reifiing (see below).

Fboh GÖSTLING TO Wbteb, I8V2 M. The road leads through the valley
of the Ybbs to (6 M.) Bt. Georgen am Reith, where the Waidhofen road
(see below) diverges to the N., and to (6 M.) Hollenstein (1600 ft. ; ''Dietrich),
prettily situated at the confluence of the Ybbs and Lasting; then by instf»-
Hollenstein to (7Vs M.) Weyer (see below).

61^2 ^* Krummnussbaum; in the distance on the left bank,
beyond the wide curve which the Danube here describes, lie Persen-
beug (p. 266) and Ybbs^ with a large poor-house and lunatic asylum
(p. 266). — 64 M. Sauaerutein.

Near (66 M.) Kemmelbaeh'Ybbs the line quits the Danube and
enters the valley of the Ybbs. 721/2 M. Blindenmarkt, — 77^2 M.
Amstetten (Hubtr^ at the station; Railway Restaurant) ^ where
Murat defeated the Austrians, 6th Nov., 1806.

Fbom Amstbttbn to Klbin-Rbifung, 29 M., railway in I74-2V2 hrs.
Stations Ulmer/eld^ Hihn-Kematen, Rosenau (where the Ybbs is crossed), and
(14 M.) Waidhofen (1168 ft. ; ^Hdtel In/ür; Schiff; SUrn), a pleasantly-situated
place in the valley of the Ybbs. Interesting excursions in the neigh-
bourhood: to the Sonntagberg (2310 ft.), IV2 hr., with a pilgrimage-church
and an extensive view ; to (4'/2 M.) Tbbsitz , and (9 H.) Opponitt in the
Tbbsihal; and to (12 M.) GOstUng (see above).

The line here leaves the Ybbsthal and enters the lateral valley (See-
berger Thai) which ascends towards the S. ; at (20 M.) Oberland (1690 ft.) it
crosses the watershed between the Ybbs and Enns, the boundary -line be-
tween Austria ^Unter der Bnns' and 'Ob der Enns", and marked by some old
fortifications. The railway then descends past Gaflenx and Weyer^ a long
village situated in a narrow valley, to Kastenreith and (29 M.) Klein-Reifling^
a station on the Rudolfbahn (see Baedeker^s Eastern Alps),

to Linz, LINZ. 37, RouU, 251

84 M. Aschbach; 89 M. 8t. Peter (^i^L M. to the S. the laige
Benedictine convent of Seitenatetten). 94 M. Haag (to the left
SchloBS Salaberg)] 102 M. 8t, Valentin, (Railway to 8t. Michael,
see Baedeker's E, Alps; to Budweis^ see p. 313.) The Enns, the
boundary between Lower and Upper Austria, is now crossed.

106 M. IlnnB (920 ft.; Krone; Ochs), the Roman Laureacum,
is a picturesquely - situated town , the fortifications of which were
constructed with the ransom paid by England for Richard Coeur de
Lion. The lofty watch -tower in the market-place was erected by
Emp. Maximilian II. in 1565. 8chlo88 Enthseck on an eminence,
the property of Prince Auersperg , contains a collection of Roman
antiquities. — 109 M. Ästen.

About 3 H. to the S.W. lies the extensive Augustine abbey of St.
Florian, one of the most ancient in Austria. The present edifice is of the
18th cent., the low crypt of the iSth. The library, with 40,000 vols., con-
tains some valuable HS6. The pictures are chiefly copies. The collection
of coins is valuable and admirably arranged.

About 274 M. to the E. of St. Florian rises the Tillysburg, a square
building witii towers at the corners. In 1623 the castle of Yolkersdorf was
presented to Tilly, the Imperial general in the Thirty Years^ War, by
Emp. Ferdinand II. It was subsequently taken down by Tilly's nepliew,
who caused the present castle to be erected, nearly on the same site, in
1636. It is now the property of the abbey.

The line crosses the Traun^ at the thriving little town of (114 M.)
Kleinmunchen^ and reaches —

117 M. Linz. — Hotels. On the Danube, below the bridge, near the
steamboat-pier: *Ebziisrzoo Cabl (PI. a; D, 2), B. from 1 fl., L. 25, B. 60,
A. 36 kr. : *Oou>bnbb Adueb (PI. f; D, 2), R. from 80, L. 20, B. from
30 kr. — Above the bridge 5 *Rotheb Kbebs (PI. d; D, 3), R., L., & A.
1 fl. 90 kr. — In the town : *Löwb (PI. e) and »Stadt Fbankfdbt (PI. b),
in the Fran z-Josephs- Platz; «Kakonb (PI. c; D, 3), in the Landstrasse
nearest the railway-station; (jk>u>BM£8 Schiff, Hbbbbnhadb, both in the
Landstrasse; *Dbki Rosxk, Hafnergasse; *Dbbi Hohben. in the Promenade;
GbOmbb Bauh , Bethlehem-Str.; Goldbnbs Ebedz , Pfarr-Platz , near the
Danube, unpretending.

Oafte. aeiiZy RHthy both on the Danube; Traxlmatfer, in the Prome-
nade; Steinbock^ Franz-Josephs-Platz; Derf linger ^ Landstrasse; Eütiner, in
ürfahr, on the left bank. — Confectioner, ZacA, in the Promenade. — *Raü-
tcay Restaurant.

Theatre , in the Promenade (PL D, 3) , performances daily (parterre
50 kr.). — Yolksgarten^ with restaurant, near the station (PI. E, 5), a favou-
rite resort, where concerts are frequently given in the evening.

Baths, at the Obere Donaulände, near the Rother Krebs Hotel; River
Baths, at the Strasser Island (p. 253).

Post & Telegraph Office, Domgasse (PL 4; D, E, 3).

Tramway from the Central West Station through the Landstrasse
and across the Franz " Josephs - Platz to Urfahr (see below). Eares 3, 5,
10, 1Ö kr.

Oab from the station into the town, with one horse 60 kr., with two
horses 1 fl.; from the steamboat-quay 50 or 80 kr. ; drive by time, first
»A hr. Ö0 or 70, each additional 72 hr. 30 or 50 kr.

Popular Festival , with agricultural show, in September , much fre-
quented by peasants from the environs.

Linz (813 ft.), on the right bank of the Danube, and connected
with ürfahr on the opposite bank by an iron bridge 929 ft. long,
supported by buttresses of granite , is the capital of Upper Austria,

252 itoute 37. LINZ. From Vienna

ynth 41,687 inhab. and a considerable garrison. Below the bridge
lies the wooded Strasser- Insel (PI. E. F, 1), with river baths and an
unpretending restaurant (feny there and back 2 kr.).

In the centre of the spacious Fraiu - Xoiephs - Plats (Pi. D,
2, 3), ascending from the Danube , rises the lofty Trinity Column^
erected by Emp. Charles IV. in 1723, to commemorate the happy
termination of hostile invasions and the ravages of pestilence. The
Klostergasse leads hence to the right to the Promenade (see below),
and the Schmiedthor -Strasse in a straight direction to the Land-
strasse ^ the chief street of the town (tramway, see p. 251).

In the busy Promenade (PI. D, 3), with its shady plane-trees,
to the right, stands the Landhaus (PI. 3}, or House of the Estates^
built in 1802, and containing the exhibition of the Art Union of
Upper Austria (open daily 9-1 and 2-5 , adm. 20 kr.). Opposite
is the Theatre. — The ^Landet-Hnseum, or Museum, Franeiseo-
Carolinum (PI. 11), adjoining the theatre, open daily 10-12
(gratis), contains a collection of provincial curiosities: in the court
and vestibule, Roman antiquities; on the ground-floor a geogno-
stic collection, including a curious old perspective map of the Salz-
kammergut; on the first floor a library, carved wood and ivory,
musical instruments (among them a piano presented to Beethoven
in 1803 by MM. Erard fröres), old weapons, portraits (including
those of Stephan Fadinger, leader of the Insurgent peasantry in
1626, and his opponent Count Herberstein), coins, seals, *Oeltic
antiquities from Hallstatt, etc. The second floor contains a cabinet
of natural history.

The Herren-Str,, diverging from the upper end of the Promenade,
passes the Spitalwiese with the handsome Oymnasium (PI. 13),
and then leads to the right to the new Gothic Catliedral (PI.
D, 4), built from the designs of Statz of Cologne , and dedicated
to the Virgin Mary^ The votive chapel behind the high-altar is
finished and used for divine service.

The Capuchin Church (PI. C, 4), adjoining the upper suburb,
contains the tombstone of Count Montee%teeoli (d. 1680), the well-
known Imperial general in the Thirty Years' War and the wars
against Louis XIV.

The Kapuziner-Str. ascends hence, passing the Zipfer Marten-
heller (brewery), to the (1 1/2 M.) ^Freinberg' (PI. A, 6), the tower
on which, erected by Archduke Maximilian (d. 1864) by way of ex-
periment, previous to the construction of the old fortifications of
Linz, was afterwards connected with a church and presented to the
Jesuits. Fine *View from the platform (not accessible after 7 p.m. ;
ladies not admitted). Adjacent is the episcopal Boys^ Seminary.

A good , level road leads hence towards the N. to the Q/^ hr.)
*J&9er]iiayr(Pl. A, 4; Restaurant; cab from Linz and back IVsfl-j
and the new grounds of the 'society for the embellishment of the
environs', where there are several fine points of view. Direction-

to Lint. UNZ. 37. Route. 253

boards indicate the way to the *8ehöne AussicJit (affording an ad-
mirable view of the Danube and the town), the Tütkensehanze^ the
Calvarienberg , and the Zauberthal. To the S. stretches the chain
of the Alps of Salzburg, and Styria. The Traunstein is particularly
conspicuous. The Jägermayr is about IV2 ^* ^^ ^ straight direction
to the W. from the bridge over the Danube. The pleasantest route
follows the road for 1 M. along the bank of the river , as far as the
Calvarienberg, and then ascends.

The view from the *PÖ8tIijigberg (1765 ft.) on the left bank, to-
wards the N. W., 1 hr. from the bridge, is still more extensive,
and, especially by evening-light, very picturesque. Edlbaeher's Pan-
orama shows all the points visible hence. On the summit is a pil-
grimage-church (and tavern), surrounded by fortifications. The way
to it from the bridge leads in a straight direction through the inn
''Zum Löwen^ (or by the street to the right, then to the left by the
^Stadt Budwcw'), and by the Auberg-Gässchen. Turning the corner
to the left at the top of the lane , the traveller reaches the inn
Zum Auberg, beyond which the main route must be followed , and

the diverging paths avoided.

*St. Hagdalena, a pilgrimage-cburch (Inn), </< br. to the N. of Urfahr,
is another admirable point of view (one-borse carr. 5 fl.). — Pleasant
excursion henoe through the Baselgraben^ passing the partly -preserved
castle of Wildberg, to (1»/« hr.) Kirchschlag (2933 ft.), a small bath with
picturesque wooded environs, and the C/4 hr.) *Oiselawarte (3133 ft.), a
belvedere commanding a most extensive view (plain refreshments).

Fkom Line to Michldobf, 36 H. , narrow-gauge railway (Kremsihal-
bahn) in 31/4 hrs. — Near (1V2 M.) Traun the line crosses the river of that
name (p. 259) by a handsome iron bridge, and at (10 M.) Nettingsdorf it
enters the smiling Kremsthai. In the background rises the Grosse Priel
and other Styrian Alps. — 14 M. Neuhofen; 16 M. KemaUn; 20 H. Rohr'
Bild Hall (see below), at the mouth of the Sulzbaeh, 22V2 M. Krems-
münster (1065 ft.; ''Kaiser Max; Post; Sonne) j a prettily -situated little
town, with an ancient and celebrated Benedictine abbey , founded in 777
by Tassilo , Duke of Bavaria. The present palatial structure dates from
the 18th century. The valuable library contains 70,000 vols., 1700 MSS.,
and 837 incunabula. The cabinet of antiques contains several rare curio-
sities. In the lower floors of the lofty observatory, which is admirably
fitted up, is an extensive natural history collection. The flsh-pond should
not be overlooked. Good wine at the convent-tavern. 27V2 M* Wartberg,
on the Krems; 31 H. Schlierbaeh; 33V2 M. Kirchdorf. The present termi-
nus of the line is at (36 M.) Mtehldorf (see Baedeker's Eastern Alps).

From station Rohr (see above) an omnibus plies in V2 1^^- to Bad Hall
(1230 ft.; Botel Elisabeth; Budapest; Erzherzog Karl; Stadt Triest), a
watering-place with springs strongly impregnated with iodine. A new
Curhaus, baths, and colonnade have recently been built and a fine park
laid out. Visitors^ tax 4-6 fl. — From Hall a road leads to the £. to
Sieming and (IOV2 ^0 Steyr; see BtHdeter^s Eastern Al^s.

88. The Danube from Linz to Vienna.

Stbamboat daily in 8-9 (ascent 18) hrs. ; fares for the descent 5 fl. 60
and 8 fl. 80 kr., for the ascent 8 and 2 fl. — The usual hours of arrival at
the principal places are given, assuming that the boat »tarts from Linz at
71/2 a.m. ; r. denotes the right. 1. the left bank. — Railway, see R. 37.
Down the stream the steamer is far preferable, as the railway touches the
river between Kemmelbach and Helk only.

254 Route 38. MAÜTHHAUSEN. The Danube from

Below Linzy the right bank of the Danube is flat. Fine retrospect
of the town and its environs. The steamer skirts the Strasser- Insel
(p. 252) and passes under the Linz and Prague railway-bridge (p. 313).

R. Zitelau, at the influx of the Trawn (p. 261). Opposite to it —

L. Steyregg, partly concealed behind a wooded island. Above
it rises Sehloas Steyregg, the seat of Count Weissenwolf. The steamer
threads its way among numerous islands, on one of which is the
ruined chateau of Spielberg. The left bank continues mountainous
as far as Mauthhausen, the right flat.

(8.20 a.m.) L. Mauthhanseii (*8chachner), a small town with a
flying -bridge, is the station for JEnn« (p. 261). IV2M. from the
river Sehloas Pragstein projects far into the stream. Below the vil-
lage the steamboat passes under the bridge of the railway from St.
Valentin to Budweis (p. 251). Opposite Mauthhausen the green
Enns flows into the Danube and retains its colour for a long distance.

B. Erlaklosterj with a dissolved nunnery.

(9 a.m.) R. Wallsee (906 ft.), a village on a hill surrounded with
fruit-trees. The handsome Sehloss Wallsee^ with its lofty tower
commanding a fine view, once the property of Marshal Daun, is now
the seat of the Duke of Saxe-Ooburg.

L. On an eminence, a little inland, Schloss Klam. Near —

R. Ardagger the Danube suddenly turns to the N. The channel
contracts , and is confined between lofty , wooded hills. On the
Kollmitsberg (1538 ft.) is the pilgrimage-church of St, Ottilia.

(9.35) L. Grein (715 ft.; *Hemdi), a prettily-situated little
town, is commanded by the extensive orcinftwrp, the property of the
Duke of Coburg. On the hill above Grein lies the spacious hydropa-
thic establishment of Kreuzen (1570 ft.), finely situated (on foot or
by carr., 1 hr. ; omn. 30 kr.).

Ridges of rock projecting far into the stream here form the
^Oreirter SchwaW (i. e. surging water). The stream is divided by
the large island of Worthy on the N. side of which the main arm de-
scends in rapids termed the * Strudel (i. e. turbulent or gurgling
water), 300 yds. long, and 10-15 yds. in width, once very danger-
ous to vessels. The rocks were blasted for the last time in 1866, and
the passage is now safe. The steamer steers along the rocky bank of
the Werth, at the N. end of which rises a mass of rock, crowned with
the ruin of Werfenstein. Near the village of Struden on the left bank,
opposite the Werfenstein , rises the ruin of a robber - stronghold oif
that name. A little lower the Äawwtdn , a lofty rock, surmounted
by a ruined tower, forms a new obstacle to the stream as it descends
from the Strudel. The eddy thus caused constitutes the once danger-
ous Wirbel (i. e. whirlpool) , which is now merely a swift rapid.
The passage of the Strudel and Wirbel occupies a few minutes only.
At the lower extremity of this defile lies —

h. St. Nicolai, with picturesque rocky scenery in the environs,
frequently visited by artists.

Linsito Vienna. YBBS. 38, Route. 255

L. Sarmingstein, with an ancient watch-tower. Below the ruins
of —

R. Frdensteinj the Isperbach falls into the Danube on the left.

B.. Donaudorf, with a small chateau. Opposite, on a rock project-
ing into the river, rises —

L. Perseribeug, a chateau belonging to Archduke Charles Lewis.

(10.20) R. Ybbs (Lamm ; Ocha), the Roman Pons Isidis. One
of the two most conspicuous buildings is a lunatic asylum, the other
a poor-house, connected with that of Vienna. The river describes
a wide curve. To the right is the mouth of the Ybbs (p. 250). A
distant view is obtained of the Austrian Alps, with the Oetscher,
to the S. At Barling, on the right, the railway approaches the river
(p. 250).

R. Sausenstein, with the ruins of the Cistercian abbey of Oottes-
tJtal, burned down by the French in 1809.

(10. 40) L. Marbaoh (Sonne; Ochs), a considerable market-
town. On the hill above it, 1450 ft. in height (ascent 1 hr.), rises
the large pilgrimage-church of Maria-Taferl , visited by 100,000
devotees annually. The summit (Inn) commands a fine view of the
valley of the Danube, agreat part of Lower Austria, theStyrian Alps,
and the mountain-range from the Schneeberg near Vienna to the Ba-
varian frontier. Opposite Marbach is the rallway-stat. Krummnuss^
&atimrp.250). A little farther on the Erto/'fiows into the Danube.

(10.55) R. Föohlar]i(rail. stat.; Pleiner), the Roman AreZop«, the
traditional residence of Rüdiger of Pechlarn, one of the heroes of
the Nibelungen-Lied, who accorded a brilliant reception to Chriem-
hilde on her journey to the land of the Huns. On the opposite
bank is Klein-Poehlam, with an ancient church, on the hill above
which is the ch&teau of Arisietten (p. 250). Farther down , the
church of Ebersdorf on the left. The valley now expands. Near —
(1 1 . 10) L. Weiteneek rises a picturesque old pinnacled castle with
towers , said to have been erected by Rüdiger of Pechlarn, and re-
stored by the £mp. Francis. Below it is the modest little chateau
of Lubereck, where the Emperor spent some months every summer.

(11. 20) R. Melk, or Molk (rail. stat. ; Lamm; *Ochs ; Hirsch;
Oruber, at the railway -station), is a small town at the base of the
rock on which stands a celebrated Benedictine Abbey, 188 ft. above
the river, founded in 1089, re -erected In 1701-38, resembling
a large palace rather than a monastery. A chSlteau of the Marg-
raves of Babenberg, some of whom are interred in the church,
once occupied this site. The abbey has been besieged several
times. Two strong bastions with embrasures , which are still seen
at the £. entrance, were strengthened by Napoleon after the
battle of Aspern. The church, sumptuously fitted up with gilding
and red marble, contains a remarkably fine organ. The library
(30,000 vols.), comprising incunabula and MSS. in a handsome sa-
loon, as well as the picture - gallery , deserve a visit. The private

256 RouU38. STEIN. The Danube from

chapel of the abbot contains the ^Melker Kreuz\ admirably executed
In embossed gold, 2 ft. in height, dating from 1363. The back is
adorned with pearls and precious stones ; the foot is of silver. Melk
and Mautern, situated farther down the river, are also mentioned in
the Nibelungen-Lied. — The landing-place is 1 M. below the town.

Below Melk the Danube enters the WiichcBu, a picturesque, nar-
row defile, many miles in length, remarkable for its fine scenery and
the curious old legends associated with it.

L. Emmeradorfj opposite the influx of the Pielach (p. 249), with
a church and monastery.

R. SchönbieU , with a chateau of Count Beroldingen and a Ser-
vite monastery.

(11.40) L. Aggsbach, Opposite is Aggatein^ once a dreaded rob-
ber's castle. One of its former lawless proprietors is said to have
thrown his prisoners from the top of the rock into the abyss beneath.
Below —

L. Sehwallenbachy the TeufeUmauer (devil's wall), a rocky ridge,
extends from the river to the summit of the hill above.

(12 noon) L. Spits, a market-town with an ancient church and
ruined castle, built around a vine-clad hill.

The Jauerling 0145 ft.)« ascended from Spitz by agood bridle-path,
commands a fine view of the Danuhe and the Austrian and Styrian Alps
(tourists^ hut at the top).

L. 8t MiehaeL On the roof of the old church are placed six hares
made of clay, quaintly commemorative of a snow-drift which so
completely covered the church that the hares ran over the roof.

L. Wesendorf.

(12.15 p.m.) L. Wdiraenkirohen (Salomon's Inn).

A pleasant excursion may be made hence via (iVs hr.) W^inzierl to
(3/4 hr.) the ruin of *Eartenifttin^ finely situated on the edge of the Teu,feli-
kirche ravine. We may then go through the Krenuihal and past the ruin
of ffohenstein to (2 hrs.) Obermeisling (^Inn), whence a road leads through
the gorges of the Krems to (6 M.) JSaifteiäierffy with a mined castte, and
(4V2 M.) Krems (see below).

(12.30). R. BossatZj a market-town and chateau. Below it, on
a rocky eminence, rise the picturesque ruins of the castle of —

L. «Donuiteiii. In 1192-93 Duke Leopold VI. kept Riohard
CoBur de Lion a prisoner here for 15 months, and here the faith-
ful Blondel is said to have discovered his lost master. The village
has a very picturesque appearance when seen from the river ; the
modern Schloss, the old abbey, and the church are the most promi-
nent buildings. In the ruins of a nunnery of St. Clara j dissolved
in 1769, an inn has been established.

R. Mautemy the Roman Mutinum, A wooden bridge, ^3 ^< ^^
length, dating from 1463, connects Mautern with —

(12.50) L. Stein (Bittermann's Hotel; EUphant) y a weU-buUt
town, with three churches. Near the bridge are the ruins of a castle
destroyed by Matthew Corvinus in 1486, and on the Frauenberg the
remnants of another stronghold. The old borough of Krems (Hirsch)

91

ttti-j

lar-

i

li-
fe

Linz to Vienna, TÜLLN. 3S, Route. 257

is separated from Stein by the sappressed Capuchin monastery of

Und. From the river they present the appearance of a single long

town. A monument to Marshal Schmidt, who fell here in a skirmish

■with the French in i805, was erected on the Promenade in 1820.

Fbom Kbems to Absdobf, 20 M., by railway in IV4 hr. Stations Ge-
dersdor/y Hadersdorf, Wagram CSchloss Orafenegg^ the property of Count
Breuer, IV« M. to the W., possesses a park, hot-houses, and stables worthy
of inspection), Kirchherg on the Wagram, Absdor/ (p. 314).

The extensive and wealthy Benedictine abbey of Oöttweih, which
has already been visible from the steamboat for some time , situated
on a hill 726 ft. high, about 4 M. from the Danube, was founded
in 1072. The present building was erected in 1719. The portal of
the church and the great staircase are very imposing. The abbey
possesses a library with numerous incunabula and MSS. , a physical
cabinet, and collections of coins, antiquities, engravings, etc.

The left bank is now flat, and numerous islands again divide the
stream. To the right in the distance the solitary church of Wetter-
kreuz (1207 ft.) rises on the crest of the hill.

(1.10) R. HoUenburg (772 ft.), with a modem chateau and park ;
above it a ruined castle and a villa with pleasure-grounds. The
right bank also now becomes flat, and the scenery is uninteresting
until Vienna is approached.

(1.25.) R. Traiamauerj a very old village, not visible from the
river, is mentioned in the Nibelungen-Lied. Near it the Traisen
falls into the Danube.

(1.56) R. Zwentendorf.

(2.25) R. Tnlln (Brenner; Hirsch; Lowe), one of the oldest
towns on the Danube, the Comagenae of the Romans, and the
station of one of their fleets which guarded the river , is also men-
tioned in the Nibelungen-Lied. In the extensive plain here, the TuUner
Feld, an army of 60,000 men assembled in 1683 for the purpose of
aiding the distressed Viennese against their Turkish besiegers. The
Danube is here crossed by the Franz^oseph Railway (p. 314).

Below Tulln , as the Wiener Wald is approached , the scenery
becomes more attractive.

(2.55) R. Greifenitein, a castle of Prince Liechtenstein, with
a handsome tower , attracts numerous visitors firom Vienna (station
on the Franz-Joseph Line, which here skirts the bank). Hadersfeld,
on the hill, from which pleasant forest-paths lead to Kloatemeuburg,
Kierling, etc., commands a fine survey of the valley of the Danube.

L. Kreuzenstein, an old castle at some distance inland, concealed
by trees.

R. Hoflein, below which the river suddenly turns S. In the
distance the Kahlenberg (p. 246) becomes visible.

(3.15) L. Komeabnrg (548 ft.; Hirsch; Strauss), formerly a
fortress, frequently mentioned in the history of the war between
Matthew Corvinus and Emp. Frederick III. , and in that of the
Thirty Years' War, is situated in the plain, a considerable way

Babdekbb*s S. Germany. 6th Edit 17

258 BouU 39. WELS.

Inland, on the railway from Vienna to Znaim (p. 318). The Bisam-
herg (1180 ft.), a vine-clad hill, extends along the hank. The domes
of the Augustinian ahhey of Klostemeuburg are now seen glitter-
ing in the distance.

R. Klostemeaborg (p. 247). Lower down, the Kohlenberg (p.
246) lies so close to the river as scarcely to leave space for the
railway and the road. To the right, upon a projecting spnr, is the
church of the Leopoldsberg (p. 246), at the foot of which , embo-
somed in vineyards, lies the Kahlenberger Dorf,

(3.35) B. Nu8sdorf(jß. 246). The broader arm of the Danube
does not touch the capital. Passengers are conveyed by a smaller
vessel through the Danube Canal from Nussdorf to the Franz-Jo-
sephs-Quai by the Stephaniebrueke.

(4 p.m.) R. Vienna, p. 187.

39. From Lixus to Salzburg.

77»/« M. Railway in 2V4-5»/4 hrt.

Linz, see p. 261. — 6 M. Horsehingf ii^/4 M. Marchtrenk. —
17 M. Wels (1026 ft.; *AdUr; *Po8t; Kaiserin von Oesterreich,
at the station ; Rail. Restaurant'), a small town on the Tnmn, with
a modern Gothic church and an old castle of Prince Auersperg.
From Wels to Passau, see p. 180 ; to Sinibaeh and Munich^ see p. 174.

Beyond Wels the line traverses a wooded district. 20 M. Ouns-
kirchen; then (24 M.) Lambacli (1100 ft. ; *Railway Besiaurant;
*Ro88l'), the junction for the Gmunden line, a small town with
several important-looking buildings. Among these is a Benedictine
Abbey (founded in 1032), which contains a collection of engravings,
specimens of early printing, MSS., and nine large altar-pieces by
Sandrart. — To Gmunden (with visit to the Traunfall') , see Bae-
dekers Eastern Alps.

The line now quits the Traunthal and enters the valley of the

Ager. On the left are seen the Traunstein and the Höllengebirge.

26 M. Neukirchen; 28 M. Breitenschutzing ; 30^2 ^- '^At0aiMiMta<<<.

-— 341/2 M. Attnang (1322 ft. ; BaUway Restaurant; Inn at the

station), the junction for the Salzkammergut Railway (see Baeddcer'a

Eastern Alps).

Frok Attnang to Schaxding, ^ If., railway in 21/2 hra. About 2 M.
to the £. of (7 M.) MannirHif'Woi/seffg lies the small town of Wolfsegsr
CKölblingei\ with view: Post)^ charmingly situated on the slope of the
Ilausruek. The park and the ^Schanze^ command beautiful views of the
hilly environs. — IOV3 M. HoUUithen, whence a branch-line runs to FAo-
mcuroithy in a coal-mining district. The train penetrates the Hausruck by
a tunnel 770 yds. long, and descends by Hausruek and Ebersehtoong to
(2OV2 M.) Ried (p. 173). 25 V2 M. Aurolzmilnster ; 28 M. St. Marlin, with
a chateau and brewery; 32 M. Andiesenho/en. The train now approaches
the Inn, crosses the Andiesenbach, and bevond (36V2 M.) Suben the Pram-
baeh, and reaches (42 M.) Schärding (p. 180), picturesquely situated on
the right bank of the Inn. From Schärding to Passau (Batisbon, etc.),
see p. 180.

VÖCKLABRÜCK. 39. BouU. 259

To the left the old chateau of Puchheim ; in the background the
HoUengebirge. — 371/2 M. Vdcklabmck (1420 ft.; *Mohr; Post)
is a pleasant little town on the Ager, with old gate-towers and re-
mains of walls. Route to the AtterseCj see Baedeker's Eastern Alps.
The train crosses the Ager twice. On the right are the chateau
and ruins of Wartenburg, At (40 M.) Timelkam the line enters
the valley of the Voekla , which falls into the Ager here. 45 M.
Redl-Zipfj with a large brewery; 471/2 M. Voeklamarkt; 5OY2 M.
Frahkenmarkt (1758 ft. J. The railway now quits the Yockla, and
winds through the hilly wooded district forming the watershed
between the Traun and the Inn. Just before reaching (6OI/2 ^0
Strastwalohea (1875 ft. ; Post)^ the oyerhanging summit of the
Schafberg and the Schober are seen on the left (route to the Mond-
see, see Baedeker*8 Eastern Alps). 62 M. Steindorf, junction for
Braunau (p. 173). 63 M. Neumarkt-Kostendorf.

The Mcent of the Tantiberff (2572 ft.), i'A hr. to the N.W. of the rail-
way-station, is recommended. Beautiful view of the Alps (*Inn at the top).
The descent may be made to (2 hrs.) Mattse« (see below).

Near (661/2 M.) Weng the line skirts the WaHersee, or Lake of
Seekirchen, 21/2 M. in length, which is bounded on the N. and W.
by moorlands. — 60 M. Seekirchen (Inn), ^/^ M. from the S.W. end
of the lake.

A small screW'Steamer plies several times a day from Seeiirehe» to
Zell and Mair«rhof at the N. end of the pretty Wallersee (1650 ft. ; dVs M.
long), which is bminded by moorland and wooded hills. The villages are
all prettily situated and visited as summer resorts.

A diligence plies daily in iVt hr. from Seeldrchen to (8 H.) Mattaee
(1660 ft.; Ifflhrän), charmingly situated on a headland between the 06«r-
Trumersee and ITUder-Trumersee (the '■Maltteen'); i% IE- to the N.W. is the
smaller Ortibensee. The Sehlossberg (18Ö7 ft. \ V« hr.) affords a good survey.
Hence to the top of the Tamttbtrff, 3 hrs., see above.

The train then enters a wooded tract and crosses the deep ravine
of the Fisehaeh (outflow of the Wallersee) several times. 71 M.
Eugendorf; 73 M. Hallwathg-EUxhausen» We now turn to the left
into the valley of the Salxach (to the left the rounded Gaisberg, to
the right the Untersberg, Watzmann, and the Staufifen). 75 M.
Berg-Mariaplain (p. 266). The station of (771/2 M.) Salzburg is
about 3/4 M. from the town.

Salsburg. — Hotels. *HdTXL db l'Eubops (PI. D, i), opposite the
station, with a large garden and fine view, B. 1 fl. 20-1 fl. 60, L. & A.
60 kr., pens., 4-5 fl. Gift); ^Hötbl d'Autbiohb (PI. a; D, 3), Schwarz-Str.,
B., L., A A. lV9r-2 ft, B. 50 kr. *, *Hotbl Nelböck (PI. b ; D, 1), near the
station, B. IV2-« ^-yp- ^ ^* ^1 B* 60 kr., pension from 4 fl. In the town,
on the left bank: *Ebzhebzog Cabl (PI. c; E, 4), Mozart-Platz ; ^Goldnes
ScHiPF (PI. d*, B, 4), Besidenz-Platz, B. 1 fl., L. & A. 50kr.; ^Salzburgbb
Uor (PI. e; £, 4), in the market-place, moderate; ^Ooldnr Kbomb (PI. f;
D, 3), Hirsch, MödlhahmerbrÄu, Horn, all in the Getreidegasse ^ Muiir
(PI. g ) E, 3, 4), Judengasse. On the right bank : *Zük Stein (PI. h ; T>, E,
3), by the bridge, with view, B. 80 kr. (with restaurant on the first floor) ;
'^Oablbbbbau (PL i; D, 3), "T&aube (PI. k; D, 3), Beoenboqen, Tiger,
unpretending; Stbinlecuner^s Gasthaus, AJgner-Str., moderate; Hofmann's
Gasthaus and Stadt Innsbbdck, at the railway-station. — Pension Jdno,
near the station. -> Kollbb^s Hotbl-Gabni (see p. 200) .

17*

260 Route 39, • SALZBÜRG. Cabs,

Oafea. On the left bank of the Sal/.ach: Tomtuelli^ in the market-
place^ *Lohmayr.f Universifäts-Platz and Haffhergasse^ Wiesenberg er y Ju«
dengasBe. On the right bank: *Caf^ Bazar ^ 8chwarz-Str. ; * Koller^ Lin-
zergasse, near the bridge (also restaurant); Edtmayr^ Theatergasse.

Restaurants. '^Curhaus (seep. 264; concerts five or six times weekly
in summer, 40 kr.). — Wink in St. Peter's Sii/Ukeller (PI. D, 4; p. 264-,
also a restaurant); at Glocker''s and Keller^s^ in the Getreidegasse; at the
Tiger^ Mohren, etc. — StehWs restaurant, Bahn-Str. — Beer at the Stiegl-
bräu ; in summer at the Stieglkeller (PI. B, 4), on the way to the fortress,
a favourite resort; Ä/«rn6rä«<7ar<«n, Getreidegasse; i/irabe/Zjrarten, Makart-
Platz (concerts in summer); Hofinann*8 Bierhalle^ near the station ; Schanzl-
keller^ outside the Cajetanerthor, with view; Mödlhammerkeller, outside
the Klausen thor; Attgtutinerbräu at Millin.

Baths. "^Curhaus^ Bahn-Str., admirably fitted up, with baths of every
kind. Swimming Baths near Schloss Leopoldskron, Vfi M. to the S.W.
(p. 266); omnibus from the Stadt-Plafz at 9.30 and 11.30 a.m., 4.15 and
7 p.m., 15 kr.; steam tramway see below). Mudy JPine-eoney and Peat
Baths at the Ludwigsbad and the Marienbady I'/s M. from the town (p. 266 ;
omnibus from the 'Goldene Hirsch" and 'Goldene Horn"" at 7, 10,2 and 6 ocl.)

Cabs. From the station into the town, without luggage, one-horse 50,
two-horse 80 kr. ; with luggage 60 kr. or 1 fl. ; at night, without luggage,
70 or 1 fl. 30 kr., with luggage 90 or 1 fl. 60 kr. — By time: half-a-day
3 fl. 20 kr. or 5 fl. ; whole day 6 or 9 fl. — To Berchtesgaden 5 or 8 fl.,
Mondsee 6. or 10 fl. — To the following places imd back: Berchtesgaden
6 or 10 fl. ; Königssee 8 or 12 fl. (visit to the salt-mine included in both cases);
Mondsee 9 or 15 fl. — Excursions with stay of 1 hr. : Aigeny Marienbady
Hellbmnny or Klesheim 2 or 3 fl. — Tolls and fees included in all cases.

Steam Tramway (Localbahn) from the railway-station through the
town to Nonnthal hourly, and on to Hellbrutin and the Drachenloch several
times a day. The stations within the town are : FilnfhauSy Ausweichey Cur-
JusuSy BazaVy Inyterer Steiny and Aeusserer Stein^ beyond which the line
crosses the Carolinen-Br.ücke to (2 M.) Nonnthal. The next part of the line
aflPords numerous pretty views. Stations: LeopoldskroUy Cemeterpy Klein-
gmainy Morzgy (4V4 M.) Hellbrunn (p. 266), Ani/ (p. 266), Grödigy St. Leon-
hardty and (8M.) the Drachenlochy on the Austrian frontier. Thence to
Berchtesgadeny see Baedeker's Eastern Alps.

Omnibus to the Färstenbmnny starting from the Goldne Horn at 2p.m.;
returning at 6 p.m. (50 kr. ; there and back 80 kr.) ; also io Berchtesgtuteny
see Baedeker''s Eastern Alps.

*Dienstmann* (commissionnaire), 5 kr. per '/4 hr. ; to carry luggage not
exceeding 25 lbs. in weight to the station, 20 kr. — Guides» 25 kr. per hr.;
2 fl. per day.

Post and Telegraph Office (PI. 32, E, 4) in the Government Buildings,
Residenz-Platz, entrance to the right of the guard-house. — Telephone to
the GaiAberg, in the Makart-Platz, next the Hirabellgarten.

English Church Service in the German Protestant Church at 11 a.m.
and 4 p.m.

Salzburg (1352 ft.), the Roman Juvavum, was once the capital
of the wealthiest and most powerful ecclesiastical principality in S.
Germany, which was secularised in 1802 and converted into a tem-
poral Electorate. It afterwards became Austrian, then Bavarian,
and Anally, in 1816, Austrian again. The town (25,000 inh ab. ;
650 Prot.) is now the seat of an archbishop and of the government
authorities and law-courts of the district. Few German towns can
vie with Salzburg in the beauty of its situation and environs. The
town , the new part of which is clean and well built, is situated
on both banks of the Salzach, bounded by the abrupt castle-hill and
the Mönchsberg on the left bank, and by the Capuzinerberg on the

^

Mozart's Statue. SALZBURG. 39. Route, 261

right bank. Frequent conflagrations have left few works of med-
iaeval architectare at Salzburg. Most of tbe principal buildings
are due to the magnificent taste of the archbishops in the 17th and
18th centuries. The houses with their flat roofs, the numerous
fountains, and the marble facades remind the traveller of Italy,
whence the archbishops generally procured their architects. Of
late much has been done for the embellishment of the town, parti-
cularly in the laying out of ornamental grounds planted with trees
on the broad quays, which form charming promenades on both banks
of the Salzach, from the railway-embankment as far as the Caro-
linen-Brücke. On the right bank, towards the railway-station,
extends a new and handsome quarter, in which the town-park and
Curhaus (p. 264) form the most attractive point for strangers.

The older quarter of the town is on the left bank of the Salzach <
The central point of it is the Eesidem- Platz (PL £, 4), in the
middle of which is the handsome ^Hofbriuinen (PI. 3), 46 ft. in
height, executed in 1664 by Ant* Dario, Each of the hippopotami
and the flgures of Atlas is hewn out of a single block of marble.
At the summit a Triton spouts water out of a horn. On the W.
side of the Platz rises the spacious BeBidena-SchlosB, or Palace,
erected in 1592-1725, and at present occupied by the Grand-Duke
of Tuscany. Opposite to it is the Keuban, including the Qovtm^
ment Building Sy Law Courts (PI. 34), and Post and Telegraph of-
fices (PI. 32), with a small tower containing a set of chimes, which
play at 7, 1 1 , and 6 o'clock. In front of it is the Hauptwache (PL 2), or
Guard House. On the S. side is the handsome Cathedral, erected
in 1614-28 by Santino Solari, in imitation of St. Peter's at Rome«
A chapel to the left of the entrance contains a *Font in bronze,
dating from 1321. In the Domplatz, on the W. side of the cathe-
dral, rises a Mariensäule in lead by Hagenauer (1772)«

*]Cozart's Statue (PI. 28), in bronze, by Schwanthaler, erected
in 1842, adorns the adjacent Mozart-Platz. The house where the
great composer (1756-91) was born. No. 7 Getreidegasse (PI. 27),
contains the interesting Hoiart Museum on the third floor (adm.
on week-days, 8-11 and 1-4; on Sun. 10-12, 50 kr.), with his
piano and spinet, a collection of his letters, the MSS. of several
of his compositions, and numerous other reminisceiices. The Mozart
AWumf which contains autographs and photographs of distinguish-
ed modern musicians, is shown only to those provided with special
ticket, to be obtained at Sigmnnd-Haf nergasse 2, first floor (20 kr.).
— Mozart's House (PL 29 ; D, 3) is in the Makart-Platz (former-
ly Hannibal-Platz).

On the S. side of the cathedral is the Capitel^Platz, with its
handsome marble horse-trough (1732; PI. 4). . On the left side of
this Platz is the Archiepiscopal Pcdace (PI. 1).

Nearly opposite, in the S.W. corner of the Platz, is the entrance
to the *Burial Oround of St. Peter (PI. 24), the oldest in Salzburg.

262 Route 39. SALZBÜRG. Church of 8t, Peter.

The yaults hewn in the rock and the chapels attached, dating f^om
the period of the consecration of the ground by St. Rupert about
582, are Tery interesting. The late-Gothic Church ofSt» Margaret
(PI. 16) in the middle of the burial-ground, erected in 1481 and re-
stored in 1864, contains tombstones of the loth century. One of the
modern monuments in the cemetery (that of the Polish countess
Lanekoronakaj d. 1839) Is by Schwanthaler. In the last vault of
the arcades on the N. Is Interred the composer -Afto^e^ Haydn (d.
1806), brother of the more celebrated Joseph Haydn. The Chureh
of St. Peter(Pl. 18), a Romanesque edifice of 1131, badly restored
in 1754, contains a poor monument to Michael Haydn (N. aisle,
Öth chapel). In the right aisle is the very ancient tombstone of
St. Rupert. — The Benedictine Abbey of 8t, Peter (PI. 6) contolns a
library of some value (40,000 vols.), an interesting treasury , and
extensive archives (visitors admitted, generally at 1 p.m., by per-
mission obtained at the Stiftspforte, to the left of the ohurch-
doorl. — At the N. entrance to the burial-ground is the 8tift$keller
(p. 260 ; good wine).

In the vicinity is the Fraaeiioan Ohoroh (PI. 9) , of the 13th
cent. , with a fine Romanesque S. portal, and an elegant Gothic
tower, erected in 1866. The Interior is in the transition style,
disfigured with modern additions. The peculiar hexagonal choir
supported by columns, with its net-work vaulting and radiating
chapels, dates from the loth century. On the high-altar stands a
^Madonna, carved in wood by M. Pacher (1480). In the Franeiacan
MonMtery opposite a performance is given daily (10.30 a.m. ; ladies
not admitted) on the Tansymphonicon\ an instrument invented
by Father Singer, one of the monks (d. 1882).

The stables of the former prince-bishops, now a cavalry-barrack,
contain the Summer Biding Seliool (PI. 35, adm. 10 kr.), an am-
phitheatre hewn in the rocks of the M5nchsbeig in 1693, and the
Winter Riding School ^ with a painting of a tournament on the
ceiling (date 1690). On one side of the riding-school are the steps
ascending to the Mönchsberg {see below) ; on the other a horse-trough
with marble enclosure and a group ofhorse-tamersby ^(m(U(1670^.

The *iranthor, a tunnel 150 yds. in length, hewn in 1767
through the conglomerate rock (breccia) of the Mdnohsberg, leads
out of the town by the barracks. Beyond it stands a statue of St.
Sigismund , by Hagenauer , erected in honour of Archduke Slgis-
mund, in whose reign the tunnel was constructed, and of whom a
medallion may be seen at the end of the tunnel next the town.

Near the Convent of St. Ursula (PI. 20) is the extensive and
valuable *Mnsenm Oarolino-Angniteam (PI. D, 3), entered from
the Franz-Joseph-Quai (adm. 8-1 and 2-6; daily in summer; Snn.
and Thurs. in winter; 30 kr.).

Hall of Antiquities. Celtic and Roman antiquities of Balsburg , the
Pinzgau, etc. — Music Hall, with a large collection of miuieal instruments
of the last three centuries. — Costume Saloon^ with costumes of the 18th

Monehsherg. SALZBÜRG. 39. BouU, 263

century. — Weapon Salotm, with weapons of the 17-19th centuries. —
Jiomaneiqne Chapel and 5a<rtsfy, with furniture in the Gothic style. — The
following rooms are fitted up in the mediseval and rococo styles: JHniuff
Eoom, Bedroem^ Himtimff Boom^ Sitting Bocm^ EiteKen^ etc. Then a room
containing miscellaneous antiquarian objects. Lastly an ichthyological
and ornithological collection and a collection illustrating the flora of Sals-
burg. The Second Floor contains collections of prehistoric and natural
history objects from the neighbourhood, paintings bylocal artists, a large
relief-map by Keil, a planetarium, a library of 60,000 vols., a collection
of Salsburg coins, a miners* guild-room of 1606, etc.

The houses of the adjacent Ostättengasse (PI. C, 3), cling like
swallows* nests to the steep face of the Mönchsberg, with rooms and
cellars hewn in the conglomerate rock. Landslips have frequently
taken place here, inyolying men and houses in one common ruin.
The Klaitsen'l^hor was formerly the termination of this part of the
town, lying between the hill and the liver. The latter is now bor-
dered by the Franz- Joseph^Quai J shaded with trees. Beyond the gate
is the Frant-Karl-Brückej for foot-passengers (toll 1 kr.). To the
N.y below the suburb o{ MiUln (PI. B, C, 2], the river is crossed by
the RailtDoy Bridge,

Above the town, on the S.E. point of the Mönchsberg, rises the
fortress of ^Hohen-Salxburff (1778 ft.), the pinnacled towers of
which are 400 ft. above the Kapitel-Platz. TheFott«r-2%ufm(80ft.
high) commands a remarkably fine *Panorama. The direct route
from the town to the fortress (V2 ht»)^ indicated by several notice
boards, leads from the Kapitel-Platz (PI. £, 4) through the Fes-
tungsgasse. The restaurant Zur Kaiz , at the entrance to the for-
tress, commands a fine view. The fortifications (ticket of admission
to the interior and the tower 20 kr.) were founded in the 9th cent.,
and extended at subsequent periods ; the greater part of the pre-
sent imposing pile dates from 1496-1519. The Church of St. George
in the castle-yard, erected in 1502, contains statues of the Twelve
Apostles in red marble. On the exterior is a relief, representing the
founder Archbishop Leonhard (d. 1519). The Fiirstenximmery re-
stored in the old style, are worthy of inspection. The RitteraacU
contains a fine Gothic stove of 1501 .

The «Mdnehsberg (1646 ft.), a wooded hill upwards of 2 M. in
length, bounding the town on the W. andS. sides, affords charming
walks with beautiful views.

The finest points are the J^anz'Joeef-Elieabeth'BÖJiey the Carolinen-
Höhe, and AchMtner^e Tower (adm. 10 kr.) : to the left rises the fortress of
Hohen-Salzburg, beyond it the Gaisberg, at the foot of which is the Aigner-
thal ; beyond Schloss Hellbrunn are seen the long Tännengebirge, the nar-
row defile of Pass Lueg, with the Hohe-Goll adjoining it to the 8., and
above Schloss Leupoldskron the dark Untersberg; then the Lattenberg,
Müllnerhorn, Bistfeuchthorn, Sonntagshorn, and finally the Staufen, ris-
ing beyond the spire of the village of Maxglan ; in the plain, Schloss Kles-
heim. In the foreground the Beinberg, a rocky eminence with quarries of
conglomerate. To the W. the Bavarian plain } K. MariarPlain; K.E., ad-
joining the Gaisberg, is the Capuzinerberg, at the base of which lies the
town, on the Salzach. A good view of the town is obtained from the Bur-
fferwehrtdller (restaurant).

The direct route from the town to the Mönchsberg is by a flight of

264 BouU39. SALZBURG. Schloss MirabelL

283 steps near the Summer Rjding School (PI. 36, I>4; p. 262); another
leads from the suburb of Mälln, past the Auguttint Qiurch (PI. 6 *, C, 2) and
through the Monica- PforU ; a third from the suburb ofJSonnihal (ZumBothen
Hahn), through the Sehartenihor (PI. D, 5). The road from the fortress
(see p. 263) to the Honehsberg leads through a gateway under the Katz ,
and passes the Ludtpigt-FemHcht and the castellated Villa Fr^yburg.

The E. spur of the hill, below the fortress, is the Honnberg
(PI. £, F, 4), so called from the Ursuline convent situated on it.
The Gothic Convent Church (founded in 1009 and restored during the
15th cent.) with a Romanesque portal, possesses a fine altar with
wings , a crypt with handsome columns , and in the tower frescoes
of very early date. Charming view from the parapet. — Outside
the adjacent Gajetaner-Thor, on the bank of the Salzach, is the
Kunstlerhaiis (PI. F, 4), an institution opened in lö85 for exhi-
bitions of pictures and industrial art.

The Salzach is crossed in the middle of the town by an iron
Bridge , 300 ft. long and 36 ft. broad, In the 'Platzl*, near the
bridge, on the right bank of the Salzach, is the House of Paraeel-
8U8 (PI. 30), the celebrated physician and empiric (d. 1541), indi-
cated by his effigy.

His monument is in the vestibule of the church which adjoins the
Cemetery of St. Sebastian (PI. 25), at the end of the Linzergasse. The
inscription describes him as the ^ituigni* medidnae doctor^ qui dira ilia
vulnera lepram podaffram Tiydroposim aliaque insanaMlia corporis contagia
mirifiea arte sustuliV. To the left of the path leading to the Chapel in
the centre of the cemetery (erected in loifT, recently restored \ walls in
mosaic by Castello) is the grave of Mozarfs Widow (d. 1842).

To the N. of the Platzl is the Dreifaltigkeitsgasse, leading to the
long MirabeU-Plaiz, Here on the right stands the Custom House
(formerly Stables), and on the left ScbloBS ICirabeU (PI. D, 2),
rebuilt after a fire in 1818, formerly the archiepiscopal residence,
and now the property of the town. Behind it lies the Mirabell
Garden , laid out in the old French fashion , with marble statues,
and containing an iiviory of European and foreign birds (adm. 10 kr.).

Schloss Mirabell is adjoined on the N. by the well-kept Muni-
cipal Park, containing a handsome Curhaus and Bath-House (con-
certs, see p. 260). A building in the park contains Sattler' s Cos-
morama and a panorama of Salzburg (adm. 30 kr.). — To the left,
on the Salzach-Quai, is the Protestant Church (PI. 14), a Roman-
esque edifice by Got» (1867). — The (IV4 M.) garden of the ViUa
Schwan J near the railway-station, contains an excellent bronze
statue of Schiller f by Meixner.

In the Linzergasse on the right bank, about 200 paces from the
bridge, opposite the Gablerbrau Inn, and recognisable by its large
stone portal, is the entrance to the *Capuzinerb6rg(2132ft.). The
Capuchin Monastery (PI, 11) is reached by means of 255 stone steps.
At the top visitors ring at the gate (3 kr.) and enter the park. On
the left stands the ^ Mozarthäuschen\ brought from Yienua to its pre-
sent site, in which Mozart completed his ^Zauberflöte' in 1791
(adm. 10 kr.). About 3 min. to the right is the ^Stadt-Ansicht'

Oahberg. SALZBÜRG. 39. Route, 265

(view tower with coloured windows). Returning to the Mozart-
häuschen, we ascend through the wood by ahout 500 steps more.
After 10 min. a direction-post on the left indicates the way to the
^Aussicht nach Bayem\ whence we survey the new town on the
right bank and the railway-station in the foreground, to the right
Mariaplain, to the left MüUn, in the centre the Salzach stretching
far into the plains of Bavaria. About 2 min. farther another di-
rection-post shows the way (diverging from the straight path to the
restaurant) to the (bmin.y Stadt' Au8tieht\ the finest point on the
Gapuzinerberg : admirable *yiew of the town and fortress, the
Hochstauffen, ReichenhallMts., Lattengebirge, Untersberg, Schön-
feldspitze, Hohe GöU, Pass Lueg, and Tännengebirge. In ö min.
more we reach the Franeiaci Sehlossl (or Capuziner Schlössl')^ an old
bastion on the £. side of the hill, 683 ft. above the Salzach, and aUo
commanding a very extensive prospect (restaurant). A shady path,
commanding pretty views from time to time, leads hence down the
hill on the side farthest from the town, which we regain through
the Linzer Thor.

The chateau and park of Aigen» the property of Prince Schwarzeu-
berg, at the foot of the Gaisberg, 3 M. to the S.E. of Salzburg, are
also worth visiting. Morning- light best ; the finest point is the
Kanzel, At the entrance to the grounds (^/^ M. from the station)
is a ^Restaurant, where a guide (30 kr.) may be procurep.

Aboni IV4 hr. above Aigen is Count Plats^s oh&teaa of St. Jacob am
Thurn, an excellent point of view (Restaurant). From ilie ^Aussichf,
5 min. from the chateau, we enjoy a view of the mountains and the plain
of the Salsach, most picturesquely grouped. The Tännengebirge, the llohe
GÖ11, Watsmann, Hochkalter, Untersberg, and Hochstauffen are especially
conspicuous« In the background of the Salzachthal lies Salzburg.

The *6ai8berg (4220 ft. ; a walk of 2V2 ^»' ; horse 5, there and
back 9fl.) is the finest point of view near Salzburg. A Zahnrad-
bahn or rack-and-pinion railway, on the same principle as the
Rigi railway, opened in May 1887, ascends to the summit from
Parach^ a station 6 min. by rail from Salzburg, or about 20 min.
walk from the Carolinen-Brücke (PI. F, 4) by the Aigen and
Gaisberg road. The ascent of the railway, which is 2^/4 M. in
length with a maximum gradient of 25 : 100, takes 40 min. (fares,
up 2, down 1^21 return-ticket 3 ft.; luggage 1 kr. for 2 lbs., with
a minimum of ib kr.). The line ascends on the S. side of the hill,
passing the station of Mitter^Judenbergf to (1^/4 M.) Üie ZUtel-Alpe
(3232 ft. ; Rest.), where a large hotel and sanatorium is to be
built, and then mounts in a wide curve towards theE., to the sum-
mit, on which there is a view-tower (16 kr.) and the *Hotel Qais-
bergnpUze (R. IV4-IV2 A-» L- & A. 25 kr.). The admirable *View,
nearly as good from the inn as from the tower, embraces the Salz-
burg Alps and the plain, in which seven lakes may be descried.

For pedestrians the best route is by the ^Alpenvereinsweg^ constructed
by the Qerman Alpine Club, and provided with finger-posts and benches
(shade in the morning). From Parsch (see above) we proceed to (10 min.)

266 RouU 39, SALZBURG. Envirom.

the Apoihekerhö/e^ at the foot of the hill. The P&th then ascends to the
left to the C*/« hr.) Oersberg- (or ZeUherg) Alpe (2615 ft.; *Inn), and thence
in zigzags through wood on the 17^. side to the (1 hr.) summit. — From
the Apothekerhö/e to the Zitttl-Alp (see p. 266), on foot, li/z hr. ; thence to
the top, */« hr.

The imperial ch&teau of Hellbnum, 3 M. to the S. of Salzbar^,
-with gardens and fountains in the style of the 17th and 18th centur-
ies, is adorned with frescoes by Mascagni and others (161Ö). (*Re-
staurant. The fountains play on Sundays gratis ; fee on other days
50 kr.). To the left on entering the grounds is an iron gate (when
closed, fee of 20 kr.) leading into the Park. Leaving the carriage-
drive after 200 paces, and ascending the wooded hill to the right,
we pass the MofMts8chlo89eken and arrive at (V4 hr.) the Stadt^
Ansicht, commanding a fine view of Salzburg. Then through wood
to (10 min.) the Wattmann-Aussicht on the other side of the hill,
from which the Watzmann is seen to great advantage. On our way
back we descend to the right, after 5 min., to the ^Steinerne Thea-"
ter\ hewn in the rock, where pastorals and operas used to be per-
formed under the patronage of the archbishops. We then return by
the drive. — About 1 1/2 M* to the S. of Hellbrunn, on the road to
Hallein, is the Gothic chateau of Anif, the property of Gount Arco,
situated on an island in a small lake. — From Hellbrunn to Aigen
(p. 266) is a walk of about 3/4 hr. (steam tramway, see p. 260).

To the S.W. of Salzburg (IV4 M. ; steam tramway, see p. 260)
is the chateau of Leopoldskron, with a large fish-pond and Swim-
ming Bath (p. 260; Restaurant). From this point the extensive
LeopoldsJcroner Moos stretches southwards to the base of the Un-
tersberg. On the 'Moos-Stra8se\ which traverses the moor to
Glaneck, are a group of 200 houses inhabited by peat-Cutters, and
the *Moos-Bäder' or peat baths (omnibus, see p. 260). The Lud-
wigsbad is 8/4 M. from Leopoldskron, and the Mariehbad IY4 M.

From (4 M.) Glaneok (1463 ft.; Inn), with its old chateau, a
road, ascending by the falls of ^he Glan, leads to (2 M.) the source
of the stream, called th.e ^Fürstenbrunnen (1952 ft), the excell-
ent water of which (42^ Fahr.) is now conducted to Salzburg.
On the road are several marble - cutting works and bullet mills
(omnibus , see p. 260). In the vicinity are the Quarries which
yield the beautiful üntersberg marble (Rest. Zur Schonen Aus-
sicht).

To the N. (3^2 M.), on the right bank of the Salzach, rises the
conspicuous and handsome pilgrimage - church of Karia-Plain
(1720 ft.), erected in 1674. The very extensive ♦View Is partly
obstructed by the trees. Evening-light most advantageous. A path
diverging at Froschheim (PI. F, 1) Is shorter and pleasanter than
the road (finger-post). Restaurant at the foot of the hill.

• The tJntertberg, the most conspicuous mountain in the environs of
Salzburg, culminates in three peaks, the Geiereck (5909 ft.), the Salz-
burger Hohethron (6073 ft.), and the Berchtesgadener Hohethron (6480 ft.).
Ascent, see Baedeker''* Eatiem Alps.

NEUSTADT. 40. RouU. 267

From Salzburg to Berchtesgaden (Konigssee), Hallein and Qolling,
the Salzburg and Tyrol Railway ^ etc., see Baedeker's Eastern Alps.

40. From Vienna to Oratz.

141 M. Bail WAT. Express trains in 57^-674 hrs., ordinary in 9Iirs«
Views generally to the left.

A glimpse at this remarkable railway may be obtained by proceeding
as far as JfHrzztuchkig, and returning the same day (retom-tickets issued
in summer; 2nd cl. 7, 3rd cl. 6fl.)> See Baedeker's Extern Alps.

From Vienna to (I6Y2 ^0 Baden^ see R. 36. A little beyond
Baden the ruins of Rauhenstein and Ratiheneck are visible on the
hills to the right, with tbe chateau of Weilburg and the Helenen-
t^ai between them (see p. 245). The broad plain to the left, sprinkled
with yillages, is bounded by the Leiiha Mis, Near (19 M.) Vöslau
(800 ft.; ^ Hotel Back ; HaUmayer) the best Austrian wine is pro-
duced. A Urge pond in the park of Count Fries , fed by a ther-
mal spring, contains water at a constant temperature of 75° Fahr.
Tbe swimming and other baths here are mucb frequented.

Immediately adjoining Vöslau is the prettily situated village of Gain-
farn CWeiniraube) ^ with a favourite hydropathic establishment. — Ex-
cursion to (IVzhr.) ''XerkenatMn, with a ruined castle, a chateau, and a
belvedere in the park. Refreshment pavilion, outside the park. Thence
to the EUeme Thor (2785 ft.), an admirable point of view, 2 hrs. (see p. 245j.

Near (22 M.) Leobersdorf (870 ft. ; *Adler), the barren Schnee-
berg is conspicuous on tbe right. About 1 M. to the £. is Schonau^
with a beautiful park. Branch-lines to (46* /2 M.) 5<. Bollen (p. 249)
and to (231/2 M.) Gutenstein (see Baedeker's Eastern Alps).

26 M. Felixdorf. Near Theresienfeld (a home for invalid officers
founded by Maria Tberesa in 1763) are extensive fields of maize.

31 M. Wiener-Kenstadt (930 ft.; Hirschy Kreuz, Bössl^^ the
birtbplace of tbe Emperor Maximilian I., was almost entirely de-
stroyed by fire in 1834, and is now an important manufacturing
town with 23,468 inhabitants. Tramway from the station every
1/4 ht.

The Pa/rish Churchy with two lofty spires, is partly Romanesque
(nave , 13th cent.) and partly Oothic (choir and transept , 1455).
It contains some interesting sculptures and monuments (painted
statues of the Apostles , in the style of Veit Stoss , 15th cent. ;
*St. Sebastian, end of the 16th cent.). On the outside of the tower
(S. side) is the tombstone of Counts Zrinyi and Frangipani, Hun-
garian insurgents beheaded here in 1671.

On the E. side of the town stands the ancient ducal Castle of
the Babenberg family, built in the 12th cent., and altered in the
15th and 18th centuries. In the court, over the entrance, is the
coat-of-arms (89 quarterings, many quite imaginary) of Fred-
erick III., and his favourite motto A. E. I. 0. U. (* Austria erit in
orbe ultima', or ^Austriie est Imperare orbi universe*) which is of
frequent occurrence in all parts of Neustadt ; below is a statue of
the Emperor. The building was converted into a military academy

268 Route 40. GOLLNITZ. From Vienna

(400 pupils) by Maria Theresa in 1752 and contains portraits of
the Empress and eminent pupils. In the garden are a statue of Maria
Theresa and a monument to pupils slain in battle. The middle of
the day is the best time for a visit.

The late-Gothic Neuklosterkirche, on the E. side of the town,
tontains the tomb of Eleanor of Portugal (d. 1467), wife of Fred-
erick III., and a finely carved altar of 1447. The Convent Library
has an interesting collection of miniatures and other objects of art.

The Rathhaus contains a magnificent silver tankard , 2 ft. in
height, executed to commemorate the reconciliation of Frederick III.
and Matthew Corvinus of Hungary (1462); other mementoes of

the same period are also thown (fee).

From Neustadt to Oedenhurg^ Steinamanger, and Äfohäcs^ see R. 58.

To the right beyond Neustadt the Schneeberg is visible from the
summit nearly to the base ; to the left the LeithaMts. Large fields
of maize, and then pine-woods are passed. On the hills to the left
in the distance stands the well-preserved chateau of *8eben8tein,
the property of Prince Liechtenstein, which contains a collection of
weapons, and commands a fine view. 351/2 M. 8t, Egyden; 40*/2 M.
Neunkirchen (1200 ft. ; Hirsch), a manufactuiing place. Scenery
picturesque and varied. At (42^2 M.) Temitz the train crosses the
Siminghnch, 46 M. Pottschachj with manufactories. — 47Y2 M.
01oggnitz(1426ft. ; *Alpenhom; * Adler ;R'össl\ at the base of the
Semmering. Schloss Gloggnitz on a hill, a Benedictine abbey down
to 1803, is now the seat of the district-authorities. To the left
(4 M. to the S.W.) on the height is the castle of Wartenstein.

The *Semmering Railway, which begins at Gloggnitz, the
oldest of the continental mountain-railways, was constructed by
Herr von Ghega in 1848-53, and is remarkable for the boldness of
its engineering and the grandeur of the scenery it traverses. Between
Gloggnitz and Mürzzuschlag, a distance of 35 M., there are 15 tun-
nels and 18 viaducts. The maximum gradient is 1 : 40. The line
reaches its highest point (2950 ft.) in the long tunnel. The construc-
tion of this part of the line cost about 59,000i. per English mile.

The train now ascends. Schloss Gloggnitz presents a handsome
appearance ; in the valley flows the green Schwarza, near which is
the extensive paper-manufactory of Schlöglmühl. On the left rises
the Sonnenwendstein with its three peaks ; to the W. in the back-
ground the Raxalp. The line then describes a wide circuit round
the N. slope of the mountain to (55 M.) Fayerbach (1512 ft. ;
Mader ; *Railway Restaurant^ with beds).

To Rdchenau and the Höllenthal, with ascents of the Schneeberg and
the Raxalp^ see Baedeker''s Ecutem Alps.

Beyond Payerbach the train crosses the valley of Reichenau by a
viaduct of thirteen arches, 300 yds. long and 60 ft. high, and then
ascends (gradient 1 : 40) the S. slope of the valley. Two short tun-
nels ; to the left an extensive view over the plain. Gloggnitz now lies
558 ft. below the line.

to Gratz, SEMMERING. 40. Route, 269

The train next skirts the Gotschakogl (two tunnels). On a rocky
pinnacle at stat. Klamm (2254 ft.) rises an old castle of Prince
Liechtenstein , once the key of Styria , hut now half destroyed.
Far helow runs the old Semmering road, with several manufactories
and the white houses of Schottwien in a ravine. Beyond the next
tunnel a picturesque retrospect of the castle of Klamm. Farther on,
a fine view is ohtained of the deep Adlitzgraben with its rocky
walls. The train traverses a long gallery, with apertures for light,
and a bridge, skirting the Weinzettelwand , and reaches stat. Brei-
tenstein (2540 ft.). Two more tunnels. It then crosses the Kalte
Rinne by a viaduct 310 yds. long and 150 ft. high, and ascends in
a wide sweep (fine retrospect) to the last large viaduct (175 yds.
long, 90 ft. high), which spans the Untere Adlitzgraben.

After three more tunnels the train stops at (72^2 ^0 ^^^'
mering (2840 ft.), reached in 1^/4-13/4 hr. from Gloggnitz. A mon-
ument to Karl von Qhega (see p. 268), has been erected on the
rocks to the right. About 1^4 M. to the E., in a fine situation, is
the large *Hötci Äfemmermp (3280 ft.), with a restaurant. At the
highest point of the high road (3216 ft.), IV4 M. to the S. of the
station, is i^e^ Erzherzog J ohcenn Inn, — Ascent of i^OiSonnenwend-
stein^ see Baedeker's Eastern Alps.

The line now avoids a farther ascent of 276 ft. by means of a
straight tunnel, 1570 yds. in length, which penetrates the Sem-
mering, the boundary between Austria and Styria. The middle of
the tunnel is the culminating point (2950 ft.) , whence the train
descends rapidly through the picturesque Fröschnitzthal. 79 M.
8pitcd (2520 ft. ; Schwan ; Hirsch).

821/2 M. HürEzusehlag (2200 ft. ; ^Erzherzog Johann ; * Adler ;
Post ; Lamhachj 1/2 M. from the station ; *Rail. Restaurant, R. 1 fl.
20 kr.), an old town with iron-works, picturesquely situated on the
Mürzj is now frequented as a summer- resort (Kurhaus). Excursion
to Neuberg and Mariazell, see Baedeker's Eastern Alps.

The line follows the pleasant, pine-clad valley of the Müra,
which contains a number of iron-forges. Near (87 M.) Langenwang
(2113 ft.), the rain of Hohenwang or Scherfenburg is seen on a
height to the left , and to the right is the chateau of Neu-Hohen-
wang. 90 M. Krieglach; 91 M. Mitterdorf, with a manufactory
of small arms. To the right, at the mouth of the Veitschihal, is
the chateau of Füchl, with its four towers, and farther on , near
Wartberg, the ruin of Lichtenegg, The train makes a wide sweep
round the Wartberg-Kogel , crossing the Mürz twice, and reaches
(97 M.) Kindberg (1820 ft.), with the chateau of Count Attems.
102 M. Marein. 106 M. Kapfenberg (1580 ft. ; Ramsauer) , with
Schloss Unterkapfenberg, and to the left, high above us, the pictur-
esque ruin of Oberkapfenberg (2313 ft.). At the entrance to the
Thorlthal, 3/4 M. to the W., lies Bad Steinerhof (Curhaus; pine-
cone baths). Near Brück rises the ancient castle of Landskron.

270 Boute 40. BRÜCK. From Vienna

109 M. Bmok (1585 ft. ; *Po8t, at the station ; Lamm ; Adler),
at the confluence of the Miirz and the Mur, is the junction for 8t.
Miehaely Villach, and Udine ; see Baedeker 8 Eastern Alps,

The train now enters the narrow valley of the Afur. At (115 M.)
Pemegg (*Linde) is a large chllteau of Herr Llpith (1532), and
above it an interesting castle of earlier date. Near (118 M.) Mixnitz
(^Schartner) Is an extensive stalactite carern. 125 M. Frohnleiten
('''Stadt Strassburg) , with its forges and a hydropathic establish-
ment. To the right of the railway is the chateau of Pfannberg, and
on an eminence to the left are the ruins of the castle of the same
name. The castle of RabensUin, recently restored, rises on a
rock to the right. The valley now expands for a short distance, and
then contracts to a narrow defile, through which the line is carried
along the Badelwand by means of a gallery of 35 arches (440 yds.
long). At (1291/2 M.) Peggau, the Schockel is seen to the left. Op-
posite, at the mouth of the U^elbachy lies the small town of
Feistritz, with lead and zinc mines.

The train now crosses the Mur. 132 M. Klein-Stübing, with a
handsome modern chateau; 134V2 M. Qraiwein (1295 ft.; Fischer-
wirth), with a large paper-mill. Near (136 M.) Judendorf , on an
eminence to the right, lies Maria-8trassengel, a picturesque Gothic
pilgrimage-church of 1355, with an open tower. The castle of
Gosling on the right, the property of Count Attems, is a favourite
resort of the Gratzers. The line now enters a fertile basin, where
the Isolated Schlossberg , or castle-hill, of Gratz rises on the left,
with the capital of Styria at its base.

141 M. Chratz. — Hotels. On the right hank of the Mar, near the
suspension-bridge, «/i M. from the station: *Elkphaht (PI. a; C, 5), R., L.,
& A. from 2fl. ; '='0b8tersbichischeb Hof, Annenstrasse ; Florian (PI. d^
C, 5); *GoLDNES Boss and Sonne, Mariahilf-Str. (PI. C, 4) \ *Goldner Löwe,
Mur-Platz, moderate; Daniel, at the station (PI. A, 4); Goldner Engbl,
in the Gries ; Drei Raben (PI. c; B, 6), Annenstrasse, near the station. — On
the left bank: "'Erzherzog Johann (PI. b; C,6), R. I1/3-2 fl., L. 50, A.
40 kr., also a restaurant; *RiE8 iStadi Trieste PI. f), Jakomini-PIatz ; Kai-
ser-Krone (PI. e; D, 6), Färbergasse; Unqabischb Krone, Landhansgasse ;
GoLDNB BiRN, Leonhard-Str.

Cafes. ^^ Europa and Pöll^ Herrengasse ; Norditem, Sporgasse ; Mercur^
Hauptplatz ; Schuster^ Carl-Ludwigsring, by the theatre, and many others.
— Confectioners (ices) : OrvnetDeig^ Sporgasse ; Basserüek^ at the theatre. —
Restaurants (beer). "^Rail. Restaurant { ^'ThoneÜMf^ Herrengasse; Pastete^
Sporgasse; "'JV^eu-G'ra^, Realschulgasse ; Bierjackl, Sackstrasse; Pilsner Kel-
ler^ Ballhausgasse; Sandwirth, in the Gries. — Military music several
times weekly at the Puntigamer Bierhalley in the Georgigasse, and at JapVs^
in the Gries. — Wine. Admonterhof^ near the Paradies; *'JSJeino8oheg (room
in the old German style), Herrengasse ; Bacchus Kellery Römischer König^
Sporgasse. The best wines of Styria are Luttenherger^ Pickerer^ Kersch-
bacher^ Sandberger, and NoAshtigaUer. The turkeys and capons of Styria are
highly esteemed. Gratz biscuits ('Qratzer Zwieback') at Borger^ Mur-
Platz, etc.

Baths. Military Swimming Bath, above the upper suspension-bridge
(PI. G, 3; 10 kr., towels extra); Wastiany Tegetthoffgasse ii', Förster, Brand-
hofgasse.

Military Xusic twice weekly, either in the Bfadtpark, or on the Bilm-
^eich, or on the Schlossberg-

M

Di

id
k

1-

to Gratz. GRATZ. 40, BouU, 271

Post and Telegraph Office in the Xeuthorgasse (PI. C, 6)^ branch
offlces near the suspension bridge (right bank of the Mur) and at the
railway station.

Theatres. Landes- Theater (PI. 11 ; D, 4), Franzensplatz, daily \ Stadt-
Theater (PL D, 5), Garl-Ludwigs-Ring, well fitted up (operettas, etc., thrice
a v^eek^

Oaba. Two-horse 60 kr. for the first V« >»'•» ^ A- fo' 1 1»'-» 50 kr. for
each additional Vs ^^' i one-horse 90 kr. for the first 1/4 hr.. 60 kr. for the
first V« ^r-y 80 kr. for 1 hr., 20 kr. for each additional 74 hr. — To or
from the Station: middle of the town, one-horse 70 kr., two-horse 1 fl. ;
Mur suburb (right bank) 50 or 80 kr.

Tramway (10 kr. per drive) from the principal station (Südbahnhof)
to the Hauptplatz and the Jakomini-PlatZj and thence to the right to the
Baab Station, and to the left to the Geidorf-Platz. A branch diverges
through the Leonhard-Str. to the vicinity of the Hilmteich.

Oratz (1168 ft.), the capital of Styria, with about 100,000 iii-
hab., pietnresquely situated on both banks of the Mur, which is
crossed by five bridges, is one of the pleasantest and least expen-
siye of the Austrian provincial capitals , and is the residence of
numerous retired officers , including no fewer than sixty generals.
Many handsome new streets have been constructed since the middle
of the cent. (^Ring^Strasse, etc.) ; and on the site of the old glacis
is the *8tad^ark(Pl. D, E, 4, Ö), charmingly laid out in the English
style, and embellished with two handsome fountains, a bust of
Schiller, etc. A marble statue of Count Ant. Alex. Auersperg, the
poet and statesman T^Anastasius Grün', d. 1876), by Kundmann,
was erected here in 1887. In the vicinity are the extensive new
Anatomical ^ Physiologieal Institute and the Physicrd and Chemical
Institutions.

The *8chlossbergy 400 ft. above the Mur, towers above the
town. The fortifications, constructed in the lÖth cent, to protect
the town against the Turks, were blown up by the French in 1809.
The noble prospect from this height is justly celebrated. The val-
ley of the Mur and the populous basin, surrounded by mountains
of the most beautiful forms, present a highly picturesque scene.
On the S. side of the Schlossberg stands the handsome Clock
Tower. The plateau in front of the Swiss house is adorned with
a Statue of Oeneral Weiden (d. 1853) in bronze. On the upper
terrace are a BeU Tower (PI. G, 4) and two boards indicating the
principal points in the view (Restaurant). The Schlossberg is as-
cended on the E. side, from the Garmeliter-Platz (PI. D, 4) : the
road passes through an archway under the house No. 1 (with the
inscription 'Am Fuss des Schlossbergs'), and passes the clock-
tower. On the N. side the hill is ascended from the Wickenburg-
gasse (PI. C, 3).

The Cathedral (PI. 5 ; D, 4, 5), a Gothic structure of 1446 (the
copper roof of the tower added in 1663), has an interesting W.
Portal ; the interior contains little of special interest. The Mau-
soleum (PI. 8), adjoining the Cathedral, was erected for himself by
Emp. Ferdinand II (d. 1637). — Opposite is a large building
(Pi. 12), formerly belonging to the Jesuits, and now comprising

272 Route 40, GRATZ.

thie Grammar School and part of the University (Including its
library of 120,000 vols.). The new huildings of the University
are in the Harrachgasse, V2 ^- ^ the N.£.

In the neighbonring Franzens-Platz (PI. E, 4) is the Landes-
Theater (PI. 11), in front of which rises a bronze Statue of
Erancis I. (PI. 2), in the robe of the Golden Fleece, designed by
Marches!. »

The Parish Church (PI. D, 5), in the Herrengasse, a building of
the 15th cent., with an interior in the Gothic style, contains a high
altar-piece by Tintoretto, representing the Assumption and Coro-
nation of the Virgin. The Labomerkirche (PL A, 4), in the Ma-
riengasse, a handsome Gothic church, was completed in 1862. The
Leehkirche (PI. E, 4), a small but tasteful Gothic structure (13th
cent.), contains ancient stained glass.

The Landhaus (PI. D, 5), oi Hall of the Estates ^ in the Herren-
gassCj the busiest street in the town , with the best shops , was
erected in 1569, and is now the seat of the provincial authorities.
Interesting portal with two balconies , to the right of which is a
curious painted notice, dating from 1588, cautioning those who
enter against quarrelling or 'drawing their daggers or bread-knives'.
The first court, with the arcades and a finely-executed bronze foun-
tain of the 16th cent., is particularly pleasing. The interior is
uninteresting, but contains a masterpiece of the goldsmith's art in
the 16th cent, (the so-called *Land8chadenbundbecher^. The inter-
esting old Arsenal (1644), adjoining the Landhaus on the S., is
kept in the same condition as it was 200 years ago, so that an
army of 8000 men might be equipped from its stores with wea-
pons and armour of the 17th century. (Apply to the custodian of
the Landhaus.)

The Hauptplatz (PI. C, D, 5) is embellished with a bronze
Statue of Archduke John (d. 1859), by Ponninger, erected in 1878.
On the S, side of the Platz is the Bathhans (PI. 10), erected in
1807.

The Joanneum (PI. D, 5), founded in 1811 by Archduke John
for the promotion of agriculture and scientific education in Styria,
and now the property of the state, is a Technical College,

The Natural History Museum is open gratis on Thurs. 10-12, and Sun.
10-11 o'clock. The Cabinet of Coins and Antiquities contains a rich collec-
tion of coins and medals, and a number of interesting Celtic antiquities,
Roman tombstones, mile-stones, etc. The Botanical Garden contains a
bust of the botanist Mohs (d. 1839). The Library consists of about 80,000 vols.

The Picture Gallery (PI. D, 5) of the Estates, Neugasse 1 (Sun.
11-1 o'clock free, on other days 50 kr.) contains 600 pictures.

Envikons. The following short excursion is recommended: Ascend
the Rosenberg (1670 ft.), as far as the (1 hr.) Stoffbauer (Inn) •, thence ascend
the (V4 hr.) Platte (2135 ft.), an admirable point of view; then descend
to (V2 hr.) Maria-Grün (1460 ft.) , ascend to the (V2 hr.) Hilmteich (PI. D,
1 ; Restaurant) , and return to Gratz in V2 hr. more. — Other favourite
points: the Rainerkogl (i6^ ft. \ Ihr.), affording the best survey of Grat« ;
AndriU-Ursprung (2 hrsOj MarUn-Trost (1540 ft j IV2 hr.), a pilgrimage«

MARBURG. 41. Route. 273

church; chateau and hydropathic establishment of Egger^erg (3/4 hr.)) by
the ruin of Oösting (1 hr. ; near the ruin the Jung/emsprung, rising abruptly
from the Mur) to (2 hrs.) Thai. — Longer e'xcursions {Schöckel , Toblbad^
Buchkogl^ Schwanberg Alpi^ etc.), see Baedeker's Eastern Alps.

Fbou Gbatz to Raab and Stdhlweissbnbdbo (Buda-Pest), railway via
8t. Qotthard (as far as Steinamanger in 6 hrs.)* From the sixth station,
(33 M.) Feldbach, a diligence (80 kr. ; carr. 4 fl.) runs in V/2 hr. to (6VsM.)
Bad Oleichenberg (3-4000 visitors annually), the waters of which were
known to the Romans (800,000 bottles exported annually). The broad valley
in which the baths are situated is laid out in pleasure - grounds , and con-
tains numerous hotels (Vereinshaus; Villa Höflinger ; Stadt Mailand; Stadt
Venedig; Stadt WUrzburg) and villas (good survey from the ^Parapluf).
The Constantinsquelle.tk saline water, free from iron, is beneficial in pul-
monary complaints. The Klausenbrunnen and Johannisbrunnen^ 3 H. distant,
are both chalybeate springs. On a rock, inaccessible on three sides, rises
the ancient castle of Oleichenberg, where witches were tried and burned in
the middle ages. — To the N. is situated (2 hrs.) the conspicuous Riegers-
burg, 400 ft. above the Raab, a stronghold which bade defiance to re-
peated attacks of the Turks. A winding path hewn in the rock ascends to
the castle, which is entered by seven different gates. The chapel con-
aitns the vaults of the Counts of Purgstall and an altar-piece by Krafft.
Superb view.

41. From Oratz to Trieste.

227 H. Railway. Express trains in 9 hrs. } ordinary trains in 14 hrs.

Qratz, Bee p. 270. — The train proceeds tbrough tbe fertile
Graizer Feld^ on the right bank of the Mnr, at some distance from
the river. 4M. Puntigam', on a hill to the right rises the castle of
PrematätUn; on the left, beyond (8 M.) KaUdorfy the castle of
Weiaaenegg. Near (15 M.) Wildon (1030 ft.) the KcUnach is cross-
ed ; on the height above rise the rains of Ober -Wildon (1480 ft.) ;
to the right the Sauaal-Gebirge. — 161/2 M. Lebring. To the right,
n^ar (22^2 M.) Leibnitz, is the archiepiscopal chateau of Seekau.
The train next crosses the Sulm and approaches the Mnr. —
27 M. Ehrenhauaen, with the chateau of that name, and the mau-
soleum of the princes of Eggenberg on a wooded height to the
right. At Qamlitz^ V/2 M. to the W., are the Interesting library
and museum of Prof. Ferk. — 28 Y2 M. Spielfeld^ with a handsome
chateau of Count Attems.

The line now enters the mountainous district separating the
Mur from the Drave, penetrating the watershed by the Egidi Tun-
nel (200 yds. ; station). Near (36 M.) Poaanitz it crosses the Poss-
nitzthal by a viaduct 700 yds. in length. It then pierces the Poa-
rurjc by means of a tunnel (660 yds.), and descends to —

401/2 M. Marburg (880 ft.; Stadt Wien; ^Erzherzog Johann;
*Mohr; *Stadt Meran; ^Reataurant In the Casino), an Important
town with 18,000 inhab. , the second In Styrla, picturesquely situ-
ated on the Drave, and the junction of the lines to Villach and
Franzenafeate (see Baedeker'a Eaatem Alpa). To the S.W. extends
the long vine and forest-clad Bacher-Oebirge.

A pleasing view is obtained from the train as it crosses the
Drave; on the right bank are the extensive looomotive-works of the
S. Railway. Traversing a broad plain, with the slopes of the Bacher

Bakdekek's 8. Germany. 6th Edit. 18

274 Route 41. MARBURG. From Oratz

Mtft. on the right, we next reach (48^2 ^O^*^^^^^^/*^^^* ^^^^ ^^
old chateau, and (52 M.'JJ^rcigerhof.

Fbom Pbaoeshof to Eanizsa, 71 H., railway in 3 hrs. The line
crosses the broad plain of the Drave (to the right the Donaiiberg ^ see
below) towards the E., and then the river itself near (ISVz M.) Petfau, a
small town with a handsome church of St. George of the i4th cent, (con-
taining some good sculptures and wood-carving). The train then follows
the left bank of the Drave. Stations Moschganzen, QrossSonntag^ Friedau
(on the Drave), PoUtrau. 40 M. ddkathum is a small town belonging
to Count Festetics \ the once strongly-fortified chateau of Count Zrinyi is
now a sugar-manufactory.

[Fbom Csakathükn to Aobah, 72 M.. railway in 7Vj hrs. — 7 M. "Wa-
rasdin, a Croatian frontier-town with 9000 inhab. on the right bank of
the Drave, with an old chateau of Count Erdödi. — From (IOV2 M.) Wa-
rasdin-Teplitz a diligence plies twice daily in IV4 hr. to (öVs M.) the pop-
ular sulphur-baths of Teplitz^ or Constantinsbad^ the Thermae Constan-
iiniancie of the Romans. — Farther on the line intersects a mountainous
country. Several unimportant stations. From (47 M.) Zaboi^ a branch-line
diverges to the right to (10V2 M.) Krapina-TöpUtz (see below). At (62 M .)
Zapreiii the line joins that from Steinbrück to A gram (p. 275).]

The line traverses the Mur- Intel ^ a fertile plain between the Mur
and the Drave. Stations Kraljevecz^ Kottori^ where the Mur is crossed;
then (61 M.) Mura Keretztür, 71 M. Kanizea^ and thence to Pest, see p. 352.

The train now enters a region of lower hills, and traverses two
tunnels. 61 M. Poltschach (H6tel Baumann ; Post) , at the foot of
the Wotsch (3218 ft.).

Diligence several times daily to (91/2 M.) the Batha of Sohitsch , or
8atteirbrunn-Rohit$eh (Kurham; apartments procurable), the water of which,
impregnated with carbonic acid gas, resembles that of Selters (50O,(X)O
bottles annually exported). About 5 M. farther to the E., on the Sottla
or SattWach, which here forms the frontier of Croatia, lies Markt Rohitsch
(Post), at the foot of the conical Donatiberg (2900 ft.), the Mons Claudius
of the Romans (ascended by St. George» in 2V2 hrs.; splendid view). —
From Rohitsch the diligence goes on to (26V2 M.) Ärapina-Töplits, in the
Hungarian county of Warasdin, a watering-place with powerful mineral
springs, specially efficacious in cases of gout and rheumatism. The water,
of which there is a most copious supply (1,360,000 gals, per 24 hrs.) , is
almost entirely free from mineral ingredients.

The German language is now replaced by a Slavonic or Wend
dialect. The train winds through a sparsely-peopled district, inter-
sected by narrow valleys, and richly wooded. Several small stations
and foundries are passed , and an extensive view of the SanrUhal,
a hilly, populous, and undulating plain, bounded by the Sulzbach
Alps, is at length suddenly disclosed.

821/2 M. Cilli (790 ft. ; * Erzherzog Johann; Kaiserkrone; Löwe),
an ancient town of some importance (5400 inhab.), founded by
Emp. Claudius (Claudia Celeja), attracts visitors by the pictur-
esqueness of its environs and its river-baths in the Sann (temp, in
summer 75-96** Fahr.). The Museum contains some interesting
Roman antiquities found in the vicinity. On the right bank of the
Sann is the Town Park, prettily laid out. The (V4 hr.) Josefiber g
(985 ft.) commands a charming view, and the (f/4 hr.) Laisberg
(1545 ft.) is a still finer point. On the wooded Schlossberg stands
the ruin of Obercilli (1350 ft. ; 1 hr.). — Excursion to the Sulz-
bach or Sannthal Alps, see Baedeker's Eastern Alps,

to Trieste, LAIBAGH. 41, Route, 275

The BathB of Neuhaas (1210 ft.; * Kurhaus) ^ frequented chiefly by
ladies, lie IOV2 M. to the "S.W. of Cilli, on the spurs of the Sulzbach Alps
(diligence twice daily in 2 hrs.)» The thermal water resembles that of Pfä-
fers in Switzerland. Charming environs, and beautiful walks in every
direction, particularly to the ^J* br.) ruined Sehlangenburg (1660 ft.), with
an extensive *View.

The train crosses the green 8ann twice, and enters the narrow
and wooded valley of that stream. The most picturesque part of
the whole line is between Cilli and Sava. 89 M. Markt - Tüffer
(930 ft.), with the Franz-Josephs-Bad and a ruined castle. 94 M.
Bomerbad (690 ft.), Slav. Teplitza (i, e, *warm bath'; 97®), the
thermal springs of which are proved by inscriptions to have been
known to the Romans, is a beautifully-situated watering-place with
a good Kurhaus.

97^2 M. Steinbrack (*Bail, BestaurarU) is a thriving village on
the Save or Sau, which here unites with the Sann.

. Fboh StkinbsCck to Aorah, 47 H., railway in 2V2 hrs. Stations
LichtenwcUd, Reichenburg ^ VidemrOurkfeld^ Rann, aadZapreiie (to Erapina-
Töplitz and Warasdin see p. 274). Agramy and railway thence to Pest and
Fiume, see p. 352.

The train now follows the narrow valley of the Save, enclosed
by lofty limestone cliffs , which often barely afford space for the
river and railway. 103 M. Hrastnig, 106 M. TrifaAl^ with a very
extensive coal-mine; 109 M. Sagor, the first place in Carniola;
114 M. 8ava,

The valley now expands. At (118 M.) Littai the Save is crossed.
Scenery still very picturesque. 122 M. Kressnitz; 12772 M. Laase,
At the influx of the Laibach into the Save, the line quits the latter
and enters the valley of the former. The lofty mountains to the
N.W. are the Julian or Camian Alps, 132 M. Salloch,

1 37 M. Laibach (940 ft.; *8tadtW%en; Europa; * Elephant;* Bail.
Bestawrani) , Slav. Ljubljana^ on the Laibaeh, the capital of Car-
niola, with 26,284 inhab. , is situated in an extensive plain en-
closed by mountains of various heights. An old Castle j now used
as a prison , rises above the town. The Cathedral , an edifice in
the Italian style, is decorated with stucco mouldings and frescoes
of the 18th century. The Landes^ Museum contains natural history
and other collections. The name of Laibach is familiar from the
Congress held here in 1821 to deal with the Neapolitan Revolution.
— For farther details, excursions, and railway to Villaeh, see Bae-
deker's Eastern Alps.

The line now traverses the marshy Laibacher Moos by means
of an embankment , IV2 ^* in length , and crosses the Laibach^
which becomes navigable here , although hardly 3 M. below the
point where it issues from the rocks near Oberlaibach, Near
(151 M.) Franzdorf the line crosses a lofty viaduct , and enters a
more mountainous district. — 160 M. Loitsch (1555 ft. ; Post or
Stadt Triest). About 21 M. to the N.W. of Loitsch are the rich
quicksilver-mines of Idria, — 168 M. Bakek, 31/2 M. to the S.E.

18*

276 Route dl. TRIEvSTE. From Oratz

of which is the Zirknitzer 8tt, enclosed by lofty monntains. Then
(176 M.) AdeUberg (1798 ft. ; *mitl AdtUhtrg, B., L., & A. 2 fl.;

Arone), Slay. Postöjnaj a summer-resoit of the Triesters.

The celebrated *Stalactitb Gaybens. known in the middle ages, and
accidentally re-discovered in 1816, are */a M. to the W. of Adelsberg. In
summer (Ist Hay to SOth Sept.) the grottoes are illuminated with electric
]ight at 10a.m. (adm. 2^/t fl., no other fees), but may also be seen at any
other hoar daring the day or night (fees fixed by tariff)- Brilliant illumin-
ation is necessary in order to produce a satisfactory effect. A visit to the
grotto occupies ^2V2 brB- Temperature 48° Fahr. Entrance 1 H. from the
station. Fuller particulars, see Bctedtker"* Eastern Alps.

The train now traverses a dreary, inhospitable plain , strewn
with blocks of limestone, called the Karst (Ital. Carso, Slav. Kras),
extending from Fiume to Qorizia. The train threads its way through
this wilderness of stones, and crosses the Poik at (179 M.) Pre-
Biranek. -— 184 M. 8L Peter.

Fbom St. Peter to Fiumb (p. 353), 35 H., railway in 2-3 hrs. From
(281/2 H.) Stat. Mattuglie a road diverges to (2Vs M.) AbbasU CHdiel Ste-
phaniey *Höt. Quarnero)^ a sea bathing place charmingly situated on the
bay of Quamero, amidst groves of laurels and olives, at the foot of Monie
Maggiore (see Baedeker'' s Eastern Alps).

The train passes through six tunnels. 191 M. Leaece. — 19872 ^<
Biyaeca (1430 ft.; Rail. Restaurant^ with rooms; ^Mahortsehitaeh),
the junction of a branch-line to Pola, is the station for the wond-
erful Reka Oavems.

The *Keka Cataracts and Caverns, at St. Canzian^ 2 H. to the S.E.,
are even more imposing than those of Adelsberg, and should certainly be
visited. Tickets of admission (30 kr.) and guides (20 kr. per hr. ; for a
party 10 kr. each) are obtained at Oombcc^s Inn at Matavnn, Vz ^- to
the S. of St. Canzian. The visit takes about 3 hrs. For details, fee Bae-
deker''s Eastern Alps. — About 1 M. from Divacca station is the ^Kron-
prinz Rudolph Grotto, with dazzlingly white stalactites (adm., including guide
and illumination, 1 fl.).

Beyond (204 M.) Sessana (1627 ft.) the train descends to Pro-
secco and (216 M.) VabrMina (^Rail. Restaurant, with rooms),
where the line to Venice by üdine diverges (see Baedeker's North-
em Italy), and affords a magnificent ^Yiew of the blue Adriatic,
Trieste, and the Istrian coast (views to the right). The slopes are
planted with olives, fig-trees, and trellised vines. — 221 M. Qrig-
nano, the last station, is not more than 1^2 ^* below Prosecco in
a straight direction. On the Punta di Grignano, which here pro-
jects into the sea, stands the handsome ch&teau of Miramar (p. 280 ;
Btation). Before reaching (228 M.) Trieste the train passes through
a tunnel, 906 ft. long, and a glass-roofed viaduct, which terminates
at the station.

Trieste. — Arrival. The handsome Railway Station lies to the N.
of the town, about 1 H. from its centre. Hotel- Omnibuses 3040 kr. ; Cab
50, with two horses 1 fl. 20 kr. (from midnight to 6 a.m. 80 or 1 fl. 60 kr.).
Each trunk 10-15 kr. \ small packages free.

Hotels. ^HdTEL DB LA viLLE (PI. a*, C, 4), Riva Carciotti 3, on the
quay, R. lV«-5fl.; *Hötkl Delorme (PI. b^ C, 4), Via al Teatro 2, oppo-
site the Exchange, B. IV2-2 fl., L. a^ A. 60 kr.; Eubopa (PI. c; C, 3),
Piazza della Caserma V4 H. from the station, B. 1 fl. 70, L. & A. 40 kr.*,
Aqdila Nera (PI. d; C, 4), Via S. Spiridione 2, with good restaurant;

en

nd

In
nc
■ny
in-
ik
ihe

ni

'i

i-

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ti-
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i

to Truste, TRIESTE. 41. Route. 277

STij>TWiBK (dUädi Vienna\ Via 8. l^iccolo 20^ Zum Guten Hirtkn (Ai
^uon P<utore)^ Via S. Niccolö20, well spoken of. — *H6tel Garni, Piazza
Grande 5, with baths, R. 1-3 fl. — The Sardone^ Branzino^ Tonina^ and
Barb<me are good sea-flsh. Prosecco is a half-effervescing wine like that
of Astij B>efoseo^ a dark sweet wine i the ordinary wines are Terrano and
Istriano. usually drunk mixed with water.

Cafes. *LHke and Deffli Bpecchi^ Piazza Grande \ Oriental^ in the Lloyd
office; Al Veeehio Tomnuuo, near the Hotel de la Ville ; Terffesteo ^nd Tea-
trOy in the Tergesteo, Piazza del Teatro; Stella Polare; Caff^ Adriatico^
near the post-office. — Bestanrants. *Puntigamer Bierhalle ^ Via S. Nie-
colö 6; ateinfelder Bierhalle^ Piazza della Borsa 12; Pilsner Bierhalle.
opposite the Post Office; Berger^ Via 8. Niccolö 15; Cervo d^Oro^ Corsia
Stadion 21; Belvedere, in the old town, below the castle (approached by
the Vicolo S. Ghiara), with good view from the garden. — Osterie in the
Italian style: u^^r ^Idriaftco, Via di Vienna ; Bieealdi, on the Canal Grande.

Gabs. From the station to the town, see above; from the town to
the station 40 or 80 kr. — Per V« ^'^ one-horse 30, two -horse 45 kr.,
Va hr. Ö0 or 80 kr» »/< hr. 75 or 1 fi. 10 kr., 1 hr. 1 fl. or 1 fl. 40 kr., each
additional V« hr. 20 or 30 kr., at night (9-6) 10 kr. more per 'A ^»'0 lug-
gage 15 kr.

Tramway from the station, past the Tergesteo, and through the Corso
to the Giardino Pubblico, the Boschetto, and the Campo Marzo (fare
5-10 kr.).

Porters. Lnggage not exceeding llOlbs., within the city, 20 kr.

Steamboats to Huggia, Capo d'lstria, and Pirano, several times daily;
small steamers to Pairenzo, Bovigno, and Pola, daily. Steamboats of the
Austrian Lloyd to Venice thrice, to Istrla and Dalmatia thrice , to Fiume
twice weeUy; to Greeee, Constantinople and the Levant, once weekly;
direct to Alexandria every Friday; to Bombay monthly.

Post Office (PI. 12; C, D, 3), Via Caserma. — Telegraph Office (PI.
13; E, 1), Via della Dogana.

Batilis« Warm Baths at Oetterreicher'» , Via Laszaretto Veechio 7,
near the Artillery Arsenal, and at the Hotel de la VilU, the B6iel Oami,
etc. — Vapour Baths at RiklCe, in the street leading to the Boschetto. —
Sea-baths at the Bagno Maria^ opposite the Hotel de la Ville ; Bagno Excel-
nor, at Barcola (p. 280); Military Swiimming Bath, below the lighthouse,
to the left. Ferry to or from the baths 3 kr. (a single person 6 kr.). —
Boats I-IV« fl« 'j»«»' ora\

Theatres. Teatro Comunale (PI. C, 4), opposite the Tergesteo ; Teatro
ßüodratnmatico (PI. I>, 4), French and German plays sometimes performed ;
Armonia (PI. D, 4), dramas and operas; Politeama Rossetti (PI. E, 3), on the
Acquedotto.

British Consul, Sir Richard J. Burt^, Via Nuova (office-hours 9.30-12.30
and 24.90). — Ameriean Consul, S. TT. Oilbert, Esq.

English Church Service in the Via 8. Michele at 11 a.m. and 6 p.m.

Trieite, the Tergeste of the Romans, and the principal seaport
of Austria, with 72,000 Inhah. (or including the suburbs 133,383),
lies at the N.E. end of the Adriatic Sea. It was made a free har-
bour by £mp. Charles VI. in 1719, and may be termed the Ham-
burg of S. Germany. About 14,000 vessels, Including 6000 stea-
mers, of an aggregate burden of 21/4 million tons, enter and clear
the harbour annually. The annual value of the imports is about
170 milUon florins, that of the exports 165 million florins. The
population is very heterogeneous, but the Italian element predomi-
nates. About one-sixth of the inhabitants are Slavs, and there
are only about 5000 Germans.

The busiuess of the town centres in the Harbour, which has
been extensively enlarged and improvvd during recent years at a

278 Route dl, TRIESTE. Tergesteo,

cost of 14,600,000 fl. From the New Harbour near the railway-
station, which is sheltered hy a breakwater, the Old Roads, with
several moles, stretch southwards to the Mola S. Teresa (PI. A,
5, 6), on which stands a Lighthouse (Fanale Ma/rittimo), 108 ft.
high. On the Riva dei Pescatori, to the N., are the Quarantine
Buildings {Sanitä; PI. B, 5). Adjacent, on the Piazza Grande
(p. 278), are the handsome new offices (by Ferstel) of the * Austrian
Lloyd* (Pi. B, 4), a steamboat-company established in 1833, which
carries on the postal service and passenger-traffic between Austria
and the E. Mediterranean and India. Farther to the N., between
the Molo del Sale and the busy Molo 8. Carlo (begun in 1761 on
the site of an ancient Roman mole), is the mouth of the Canal
Grande (PI. 0, 4), completed in 1756, which penetrates into the
new town or Theresienstadt (354 yds. long, 48 ft. wide) and is al-
ways filled with shipping. At the E. end of the caniJ rises the
church of 8. Antonio Nuovo (PI. 4), erected by Nobile in 1830 in
the Greek style.

On the Riva Oarciotti, to the S. of the H6tel de la Yille, is the
*Greek Church (8. Nieeolh dei Qrtci, PI. 6 ; 0, 4 ; divine service
6-8.30 a.m. and 5-7 p.m.), sumptuously fitted up in the interior.
To the left of the H6tel de la Yille is the handsome Palazzo Car-
ciottij with columns on the facade and a green dome. — Near the
Molo S. Carlo and the Riva Garciotti rises the Teatro Comunale. Op-
posite, in an open piazza, is the Tergeft6o(Pl. G, 4), an extensive
block of buildings, on the outside of which are shops and offices,
and in the interior a cruciform arcade roofed with glass. This ar-
cade, with the adjoining rooms on the groundfloor, is used as an
Exchange (principal business-hours 12-2). Visitors are admitted to
the well-stocked Reading Room of the Exchange.

Near the Tergesteo are the two busiest squares in Trieste, the
Piazza della Borsa and the Piazza Grande. The Piazza della Borsa
(PI. 0, 4), with the imposing Old Exchange (now occupied by the
Chamber of Commerce), is embellished with a Oroup of Neptune,
in marble, and a 8tatue of Leopold /., erected in 1660. In the
Piazza Orande (PI. C, 4) is the new Munieipio, with the handsome
hall of the Provincial Diet. In front of the Municipio are the Maria
Theresa Fountatn, erected in 1751, and a 8tatue ofEmp. Charles VI,

The Corso (PI. C, D, 4), the principal street of Trieste, which
leads inland from the Piazza della Borsa, separates the New Town,
with its wide streets and handsome houses, from the Old Town.
The latter, nestling round the hill on which the castle rises , con-
sists of narrow and steep streets, some of which are inaccessible to
carriages. On the way from the Piazza Grande to the cathedral, to
the left, is situated the Jesuits' Chnroh (8, Maria Maggiore ; PI. 5,
C, 5), containing a large modem fresco by 8ante, To the W., a
few paces higher up, is the Piazzetta di Riceardo, named after
Richard Coeur de Lion , who is said to have been imprisoned here

Cathedral. TRIESTE. 41. Route. 279

after his return from Palestine (?). The Arco di Biccairdo (PI. C, 5) is
believed by some to be a Roman triumphal arch, but probably be-
longed to an aqueduct.

Ascending the Via della Gattedrale, we soon reach on the right
the entrance to the Museo Lapidario (PI. 9 ; B, 5 ; custodian op-
posite, No. 16, fee 30 kr.), an open-air collection of Roman anti-
quities from Trieste and Aquileia, in a disused burial-ground.
WinekeVmann^ the famous German archseologist, who was murdered
at Trieste in 1768, is buried here. A small temple contains a Monu-
ment to him, erected in 1832, with an allegorical relief, and a
genius with a medallion-portrait above. On each side of the mon-
ument are fragments of an Amazonian sarcophagus. At the lower
end is the 'Glyptothek', containing an inscription from the pedestal
of Fabius Severus , a decurio of Trieste , and a number of heads
and other fragments of statues.

The loftily-situated Cathedral of B. Giuto (PI. 3 ; D, 5) occupies
the site of an ancient Roman temple , part of the foundations and
some of the columns of which are still visible by the tower. The
present building was formed in the 14th cent, by the union of three
contiguous edifices of the 6th cent., an early-Christian basilica, a
baptistery, and a small Byzantine church with a dome. The facade
is adorned with three busts of bishops in bronze. To the right and
left of the portal are six busts In relief from Roman tombs. The
interior is almost entirely whitewashed. In the altar-recess on the
right is Christ between SS. Justus and Servatius. In that to the
left is the Madonna between Gabriel and Michael, with the Apostles
below (7th cent.). Some of the capitals are antique , others Ro-
manesque. Beneath a stone slab in front of the church is Interred
Fouehi^ Due d'Otranto, the powerful minister of police of Napo-
leon I. (d. at Trieste in 1820). — The projecting terrace commands
a fine view of the town and the sea.

The hill above the cathedral is crowned by the Castle (PI. D, 6),
originally built in 1680 and frequently restored (not accessible).

In the Piazza Llpsia, which is laid out in promenades, is the
Hautieal Academy (PI. 8 ; B, 5), on the second floor of which is the
Ferdinand-Maximilian-Museum, containing a complete collection
of the fauna of the Adriatic (Wed. and Sat. 10-1, Sun. 11-1).
On the opposite side of the court , also on the second floor, is the
Municipal Museum (daily 9-1 ; fee 30 kr.) , which contains terra-
cottas, vases, and other small antiquities, chiefly from Aquileia and
RndifiB, and a number of Egyptian and Cyprian relics. It also
comprises a cabinet of ancient and modern coins , a collection of
weapons, and various objects relating to the town of Trieste.

At the comer of the Via della Sanitk and the Piazza Giuseppina
is the Palazzo Bevoltella (PI. 10 ; B, 5), handsomely fitted up and
embellished with pictures and sculptures, which was bequeathed
to the town by Baron.Revoltella, together with a sum of money

280 Boutedl, CAPO D'ISTRIA.

for its maintenance (admigsion daily, 11-2). The principal facade
of the building, which was erected in 1857 from designs by Hitzig,
looks towards the Piazza Giüseffina, which is embellished with a
♦Jtfonwmcnt to Emperor Maximilian of Mexico (d. 1867), in bronze,
designed by Schilling, and erected in 1875. The unfortunate
prince, who was a rear-admiral in the Austrian nayy, resided at
Trieste before he undertook his ill-starred expedition to Mexico.

The Paueggio di 8. Andrea (PI. A, E, 7), an avenue 3Y2 M.
long, skirting the coast and commanding a series of fine yiews,
leads on the £. side of the town, past the Villa Mural, the Lloyd
Anenal, and the Qaa - Works, to Servola. ^The extensive • Wharves
of the Lloyd Co. (PI. C, D, 7), opposite Servola (4V2 M.), may be
visited daily, except Sat. and Sun., 9-11 and 2-4 (tickets obtained
at the Lloyd Office, p. 277; guide 60 kr.). — On the road to ZauU.
famous for its oyster-beds, are the handsome Cemeteries.

Another favourite resort is the Boscketto to the E. of the town,
which is reached by the tramway (10 kr.) traversing the Corso, the
Piazza della Legna, and the Gorsia Stadion, and passing the shady
Oiardino PubUico (PI. E, 2). Shady walks ascend hence to (Vs^^*)
the Villa Ferdinandea (Restaurant al Cacciatore), situated on a
plateau 750 .ft. above the sea. Adjacent is the ViUa Bevoltella.
now the property, of the town , with its park and chapel , com-
manding a charming view of the town, the sea, and the coast.

ExouBsxoNs. A very pleasant excursion (railway see p. 276 ;
carr. and pair 3 ü. , boat 3 fl.) may be made to the chUeau of *Hira-
mar, formerly the .property of Emp. Maximilian of Mexico (p. 279),
charmingly situated near Orignano, 5 M. to the 5.W. of Trieste,
and commanding a fine view of Trieste, the sea, and the coast. The
beautiful park is always open to the public. The sumptuously-
furnished chateau is shown to visitors (Sundays excepted) on ap-
plication to the steward. — Barcola (Restaurant) is a favourite re-
sort, halfway between Trieste and the chsiteau.

Other excursions may be made to *Ob^ina (10S5ft. •, Hotel air Obe-
lisco), 3 M. to the II., with a beautiful view of the town and the sea*, to
Servola (see above); to St. Canzian (drive of 2V2 brs., vift CorgnaU; see
p. 27Q, etc. — A very interesting excursion, occupying a whole day
(starting early in the morning), is by steamer (p. 2T7j to Muggia; over
the hill on foot (beautiful view from the top) to S. Nicolb (1 hr.), thence
by boat (40 kr.) to Oapo d'lstria {(Httä di Trieste; Radetzky; Caff^ in the
principal piazza), an ancient town (8646 inhab.), the Roman /tM/tnopoIi«,
on an island connected with the mainland by a stone embankment. The
chief objects of interest are the Cathedral^ the Palazzo Pubblico, occupy-
ing the site of a temple of Cybele, and the extensive Salt Works. We
now proceed by the road on the shore, passing Semedella, to (3 M.) /«ola
(good Befosco wine; p. 277), and (6 M. farther) Pirano^ and return to
Trieste by steamer in the evening. — About 2 M. from Pirano lies the
sea-bathing place of S. Lorenzo^ in an extensive park.

From Trieste to Venice, see Baedeker 8 Northern Italy; to Pola,
Fiume, and Dalmatia, see Baedekers Eastern Alps.

TJ^

BOHEMIA.

42. Pragae.

Language. As in Prague and the rest of Cenlral and 8. Bohemia the
traveller will hear little but Bohemian (Gcechish) spoken, while the names
of streets, stations, shops, etc., are also generally written in this language
only, he should accustom himself^ to the following Bohemian characters:
e = tz; ^ = tch; 2 = ye or ie; 5 = ig or ni; f = rs or rsh; S = sh; I =
ty or ti; z = sh.

Baiiway Stationa. 1. BtatUs-Bdhnhof (station of the goyemment-railway;
PI. G-, H, 4), Hybernergasse, for Dresden (JB.. 48), Vienna via Brunn (B.
50a), the Buschtiehrad line (Carlsbad, Eger, etc., B. 4ö). — 2. West-Bahn-
hof (PI. D, 9), in the suburb of Smichow, for Pilsen and Fürth (B. 47),
Schlan , Brüx , and Dux (p. 80S) , Pf ibram and Protivin (p. 309). ~
3. Franz- JosepTU'Bßhnhof (PI. H,6), by the new park, outside the town, on
the E., for Gmünd and Vienna (B. 60b), for the Keratowitz and Tumau Bail-
way (p. 827), and for Dresden via VSetat-Pfivor. This station is connected
with the two already mentioned by a loop-line. — 4. Nord-We$t-Bdhnhof
(PI. H, 3), on the Moldau, between Prague and Garolinenthal , for the
line to Vienna via Znaim (B. 60 c), and for .Hittelwalde and Breslau.
— 6. Buiehtiehrader Bahnhof (PI. C. 8), in Smiohow, beyond the West-
Bahnhof, for the line to Komotau, (Karlsbad, and Eger (B. 46). — Pobtbb
from the station to the cab 10 kr. \ into the town, for 601bs. of luggage,
20 kr. ; for each 201bs. additional, 4 kr.

Strangers may apply for advice or information to the Verein zur ffe-
hung de* Fremdenverkehre^ Graben 80 (Herr E. Hruby; no fee).

HoteU. *Gbavd Hotel (PI. c; H, 4), in the prolongation of the Harien-
gasse; *Höt£L db Saxb (PI. a; G, 4), Hybernergasse ; *Sohwabze8 Boss (PI. b ;
G, 4). in the Graben , B., L., A A. 2V4 fl. , D. 1 fl. 30 kr. ; *Eholibohbb Hof
(PI. d; H, 4), Pofi5er-Str. ; *Blaubb Stbbn (PI. e; G, 4), comer of the Gra-
ben and Hybernergasse, B. from 1 fl., L. 40, A. 35 kr.; *Viotobia (PI. f;

F, 6), comer of Jungmann-Str. and Palacky-Str. (English landlady) *, *Ebz-
hbbzoo Stbphah (PI. g; G, 5), Wenzels-Platz, B. from 90, L. & A. 45kr.;
*CK>LDNBB Ebobl (PI. h; F, 4), Zeltnergasse, B. from 80, A. 40 kr.; *Kai-
SBB Tov OBaTBBBBiCH (PI. 1; G, 4), Pofi2er-Str. — Stadt Wish (PI. k;

G, 4), Hybemergasse; *Höt. Botai. (PI. 1; G, 4), opposite the exit from
the railway-station ; Goldmb Gans (PI. m ; F, 5), Hotbl Gabni, both in
the Wenceis-Platx. — Host of the remarks about the hotels, ifees, porters,
etc., of Vienna apply equally to those of Prague (see pp. 187'-192).

BettauranU, etc. At the above hotels, and at all the stations. Also:
*Nürvherger^ EU, Oeieeler, Dreher, all in the Graben; *Petzold, Zeltner-
gasse ;^ 27ir*to», Balba, opposite the Franz- Joseph Station, in the Stadt-Park ;
Chodwa, Ferdinand - Str. ; Müller, Ferdinand-Str. 9, near the suspension-
bridge; Schwab, Obstmarkt 9 (these two luncheon-rooms). — Wine: *^tfi-
der, Grosser Bing, opposite the old Bathhaus; Oüriler, Wenzels-Platz;
Haupi, Inselgasse ; Austritt-Keller, Palazzo Qoloredo, near the Karlsbrücke ;
*Bodega (Spanish wines, etc.), in the Graben. — Oaf4». *Anger^s Gafi Cen-
tral, Graben 15; *8eUmann, Graben 17; CafS Frangais, Graben 39; Wien,
comer of the Graben and the Wenzelsplatz; Bohemian Oenireü Gc^i, Obst-
gasse; Adler, Zeltnergasse 21; Urban, see above; Union, Imperial, Ferdi-
nand-Sir. ; Slaoia, on the Franzens-Quai. *Tshai^ = tea with rum ; ^Thee^
= tea with cream. — Beer, generally good , at all the hotels, restaurants,
and caf^s. Good Pilsner beer also at BonaVs, Brenntegasse 58; Zwei Am-

282 BouU42. PRAGUE. Theatres.

sein, Herrengasse 4; Wohlrath'^s, Carolinenthal ; Mozny, Tilly-Platz, Wein-
berge. — Oontwitionen. Herrmann, W. Stutzig,, Wenzels-Platz \ Juppa, Köpf
A Jäger, Zeltnergasse \ Sourek, Nowaiek, Ferdinand-Str.

German Oasino, Eolowrat-Str., with a large garden ; numerous concerts
in summer; introduction by a member (restaurant on the ground-floor
open to the public). — Deutscher Verein Atutria, in the Kleinseite. —
Bohemian Bürger-Ressource, in the Wladislawgasse.

Boh«mian OUum : Harraeh, in the Graben in the Blaue Stern ; Inwald,
Elisabeth-Str. 10. — Pbaque Qlovxs at Frese''s, Graben 9. — Bohemian
Gabnet Wares: M. Kersch, Graben 33: if. Auer, Jacobsgasse.

Baths. * Elisabethbad, Elisabeth-Str. 30 (PI. G,3); Königsbad, Postgasse
35, in the Altstadt; river-baths at the JSophieninsel. Also Swimming-baths
on the left bank of the Moldau, below the chain-bridge (p. 286), and at
Smichow, above the Palacky bridge.

Post and Telegraph Office (PI. €K 6), Heinrichsgasse.

Gabs. One-horse carriage (for 2-3 pers.), within the Altstadt, Ifl'eustadt,
Josephstadt, Untere Kleinseite (as far as the Spomergaese and Ghotek-
Str.), and the suburbs of Carolinenthal, Smichow, and Weinberge, per
V4 hr. 40. per V« hr. 60 kr., each addit. >/« J^'« 20 kr.; two -horse carr. (for

4 pers.) 60 kr., 1 fl.. each addit. y^r. 50 kr. For drives to the Obere Klein-
seite, the Yysehraa, Hradschin, ZiSkow, and Bubna-Grossholeschowitz, an
addition of 20 kr. (two-horse carr. 30 kr.) is made to the above fares. —
To or from the railway-stations 60 kr. or 1 fl. — From the Altstadt, Neu-
stadt, or Josephstadt to Baumgarten, Belvedere, Buben5, Kaisermühle,
Ko§if (Clam's Garden), Nusle, WolSan. or Wfowie 1 fl. 20 or i fl. 50 kr. ;
to Lieben or Pankraz 1 fl. 20 or 1 fl. »0 kr.; to Podol 1 fl. 40 kr. or 2 fl.;
to the Stem- thiergarten 2 or 3 fl. — From Kleinseite to KoSii^ (Clam Gar-
den) 80 or 1 fl. 30 kr.; to Baumgarten, Belvedere, Bubend, or Kaisermühle
1 or IV2 fl. ', to l^usle, WolSan, or Wfowii 1 fl. 20 or 1 fl. 80 kr. ; to Lieben
(chateau) or Pankraz 1 fl. 40 kr. or 2 fl.; to Podol or Sternthiergarten
1 fl. 60 or 2 fl. 30 kr. At night (10 p.m. to 6 a.m.) one-half more than
the above fares is charged. Beturn-ntre or waiting, 20 kr. per V« hi** 'or
one-horse, 50 kr. per 1/2 !»'• ^or two-horse cabs. — Small articles of lug-
gage free; each trunk 20 kr.

Tramway.every 6 mln. from the Graben to Smichow, Carolinenthal,
Weinberge, Zilkow , Kleinseite , and Baumgarten (fare for four stations

5 kr., more than four stations lO kr., from one side of the town to the
other 15 kr.). — Omnibus from the station into the town, passing the prin-
cipal hotels, 15 kr., luggage 15 kr.

Theatres. German (PI. F. 5) , Obstmarkt. — Bohemian (PI. E, 6), on
the Quay (p. 291); the Bohemian language (Czechish) only used. — German
Summer Theatre, in the Heine'^sche Garten (PI. I, 6). — Bohemian Summer
Theatre in Smichow (PI. H, 6). — New German T?teaire, in the Public Park
(PI. G, 6; p. 291).

Permanent Exhibitions in the Rudolflnum (p. 286); Lehmann's Ferdi-
nand-Str. 5 (20 kr.); Gallerte Ruch, Heuwags Platz.

Public Kesorts. *Baumgarten (p. 290), a park belonging to the Bohemian
Estates, with caf^, etc., outside the Sandthor, 2 M. from the Graben, a fav-
ourite resort in spring. Military band on Sundays and Thursdays. — *So-
phien-Insel (PI. D, E, 6), near the chain-bridge, a favourite resort in sum-
mer, when a military band plays thrice weekly in the afternoon. — Bel-
vedere (PI. E, F, 3), above the Franz-Josephs-Brücke (see p. 287) ; frequent
concerts in summer. — The Schützen-Insel (PI. D, 5. 6), opposite the So-
phien-Insel, with restaurant and the shooting-range 01 the Prague Rifle Club.
— The Basenburg (PI. C, 5), with restaurant and •View.

United States Oonsnl, Mr, Ch. Jonas.

Divine Service in English (Free Church of Scotland) at 11 a.m., at
Postgasse 8.

Principal Attractions. Walk from the station through the Altstadt
(Grosse Ring, p. 283) and the Josephstadt {Jewish Cetnetery, p. 292) to the
Karlsbrüoie (p. 285); the Hradschin {Cathedral and ""View from the bal-
cony of the Fräuleinstift, p. 288); return by the Kaiser-Franz-Brücke (p. 286),
the Ferdinand-Str., and the Graben.

PulveHhurm. PRAGUE. 49. Route, 283

Prague (614 ft.), Bohemian Ptahaj the capital of the kingdom
and cTownland of Bohemia , the headquarters of the Austrian offi-
cials, and the seat of a prince-hishop, occupies a strikingly pictur-
esque and Imposing situation in the valley of the Moldau and on the
adjoining hills. Its foundation is ascribed to Libussa, the first
Duchess of Bohemia, who is said to have flourished in the 8th cen-
tury. From Ottokar II. it received its municipal organisation, 'and
it attained the acme of its prosperity under Emp. Charles lY.
(1346-78), when the university and the Neustadt were founded.
Prague was besieged and captured in the Hussite War (1424), the
Thirty Years* War (1631 and 1648), the War of the Austrian Suc-
cession (1741), and the Silesian Wars (1744 and 1747); and it was oc-
cupied by the Prussians without resistance in 1866. The population
now amounts to 170,521 , or with the suburbs 256,303 (^/s Bo-
hemians, Ys Germans; 20,000 Jews), not including the garrison
of 9-10,000 men. The town possesses many handsome and inter-
esting medisBval buildings and towers , and rising above them all
the grand and venerable Hradschin, with the cathedral and a series
of palaces. Its historical associations are also deeply interesting.

The town is 9 M. in circumference, and is divided into seven
districts: the Altstadt y the centre of the town and the focus of
traffic; the Josephstadt on the N.W., known down to 1850 as the
Judenstadt; the Neiutadt, encircling the Altstadt, on the right bank
of the Moldau ; the Kleinseite , on the left bank of the Moldau,
partly in the valley and partly on the slopes of the Hradschin' and
Laurenzberg; the Hradschin, with the imperial palace, on the
heights of the left bank; Vyiehrad; and Holesehowitn- fiuhna.
Beyond these districts are the suburbs of Carolinenthal, Zi&kow,
Weihberge, and Smiehow»

The principal streets radiate from the Josephs^Plats, near the
8t€uUs^Bahnhof (PI. G, 4) : the Zeltnergasse , Grosse and Kleine
Ring, and Oarlsgasse lead hence to the W. to the Garls-Briicke,
while the Graben and the Ferdinand-Strasse lead S.W. to the Fran-
zens-Brucke. We first follow the Zeltnergasse and visit the Alt-
sTAi>T, at the entrance to which rises the Pnlyerthorm (PI. G, 4),
erected in 1475-84 and restored in 1884 ; it formed the tower of a
gateway at the period when the Altstadt was separated by walls
from the Neustadt. Adjoining it on the N. is the Konigshof, once
a palace of the Bohemian kings , now a barrack. Opposite is the
Custom House. To the left, in the Zeltnergasse , at the comer of
the Obstmarkt, are the CivU Courts , formerly the seat of the com-
mandant (PI. F, 4). Here on 12th June, 1848, at the beginning of
the revolution , the Princess Windischgratz was killed by a bullet.

At the end of the Zeltnergasse is the Gbossb Ring (PI. F, 4), in
the middle of which rises the Mariensäule, erected by Emp. Fer-
dinand III. in 1650 to commemorate the liberation of Prague from
the Swedes. On the E side of the Ring stands the —

284 Route 4'2. PRAGUE. Batklnnu,

Teynkirehe » the old churcli of the Hussites , erected in 1S60
by Qeiman merchants (sacristan, Unter den Lanben 16). The W.
facade, partly concealed by houses, ^th its two pointed towers,
and the high-pitched roof were added in 1460 in the time of
George Podiebrad. On the last pillar on the S. is the tombstone (a
relief in red marble) of the celebrated Danish astronomer Tycho
Brahe (d. 1601), who was invited to the university of Prague by
Emp. Rudolph II. in 1599. The adjacent Mariencapelle contains
statues of Cyril and Methodius, the apostles of Bohemia, with
reliefs in bronze representing the baptism and communion of the
first Slavonic Christians, presented by the £mp. Ferdinand in 184Ö.
On the opposite side is an ancient font, dating from 1418. George
Podiebrad , who was crowned King of Bohemia in this church in
1458, caused the facade to be surmounted with a large gilded
chalice (as an emblem of the Hussite doctrine that the communion
should be administered to the people in both kinds), and beneath it
a statue of himself with uplifted sword. After the battle of the White
Hill (p. 294) the chalice was superseded by an image of the Vir-
gin , which still occupies the same position. The pulpit, said to
have been frequently occupied by John of Nepomuc and Huss,
bears a portrait of the former. The Chapel of St. Luke contains a
winged altar with paintings by Skreta (18th cent). The burial
vault of the Waldsteln (Wallenstein) family is infront of the Maria
Lichtmess Chapel. — The Kmaky Palace , the largest in the Alt-
stadt, adjoins the Teynkirche on the N.

The BatUiaiiSf on the W. side of the Grosse Ring, was erected
in 1838-48 in the Gothic style on the site of an older building, of
which the chapel, the great tower of 1474 (with a curious dock),
and the S. side with the portal and the old council-chamber alone
remain. The statues (by J, Max) which adorn the second floor
represent two Bohemian kings, two German, and two Austrian em-
perors, to whom Prague is particularly indebted. The handsome
new Council Oiambcr, in the S. wing of the Rathhaus, is adorned
with a colossal '''Painting by BtoHik (Huss before the Council of Con-
stance) and with other frescoes. — In front of the Rathhaus, on
21st June , 1621 , after the battle of the White Hill (p. 294),
twenty-seven of the leaders of the Protestant party , most of them
Bohemian nobles, were executed. On the same spot, in Feb., 1633,
eleven officers of high rank were executed by Wallens'tein's com-
mand, on the ground of alleged cowardice at the battle of Lützen.

In the Hussgasse, not far from the Rathhaus, is the handsome Re-
naissance palace of Count Clam-QaUas (PI. E, 4, Ö), erected in
1701-12 in the Baroque style.

To the right of the Carlsbrucke is an extensive block of buildings,
erected in the latter half of the 17th cent., consisting of two churches,
two chapels , three gateways , and four towers, which constitute the
Jesuit Collegium Clementinnm (1^1. E, 4, 5), comprising a gymna^

CarUhrueke. PRAGtJE. 4^. EouU. 285

slum or grammai^school, an archiepiscopal seminary, the university-
library (175,000 vols., rich in Bohemian literature), natural history
collections, an observatory, lecture-rooms of the theological and phi-
losophical faculties, an academy of art, &c. The first court contains
a *Statue (by E, Max) of a student of Prague in the costume of the
17th cent., erected in 1864 to commemorate the active partici-
pation of the students in the defence of the town against the
Swedes in 1648.

Near the bridge -tower rises the handsome bronze * Statue of
Charles IV. (PI. E, 4, 5), founder of the University, designed by
Hi^nel of Dresden and cast by Burgschmiet of Nuremberg, erected
in 1848 on the 500th anniversary of the foundation. The Uni^
versity of Prague, founded in 1348, and once attended by students
from every part of Europe, is the oldest in Germany. Wenzel , the
successor of Charles, having proposed to limit the privileges of for-
eign students, many hundreds quitted Prague and founded the uni-
versity of Leipsic (1409) and others. The university - building for
students of law and medicine is the CaroHnum (PL F,' 4, 5) in the
Altstadt, next to the theatre. The hall where degrees are con-
ferred contains portraits of Austrian emperors and archbishops of
Prague. The university is now divided into a Bohemian and a
German section, the former attended by 2000, the latter by 1600
students. Medical buildings of the University, see p. 292.

The ^CarUbräcke, with 16 arches, 540 yds. in length, erected be-
tween 1357 and 1507, has an ancient tower of defence at each end.

The Altstadt Toweb, towards the Brückenplatz, erected in 1451, is
adorned with the armorial bearings of the lands once subject to the crown
of Bohemia, and the statues of Emp. Charles IV. and his son Weneel IV.
The heads of the Protestant nobles executed in 1621 were barbarously ex-
posed to Tiew on the gallery of this tower during ten years. In 1648 the
tower defended the city against the Swedes, who through the treachery
of an Austrian officer had gained possession of the Kleinseite almost with-
out a blow, and was bombarded by them for 14 weeks without success*
When the Prussians were expelled from Prague in 1744, the bridge was
the scene of the fiercest struggle.

The buttresses of the bridge are adorned with thirty Statdes and
Gboüps of saints. The inscription on the crucifix records that it was
erected with money exacted from a Jew in 1606, as a fine for reviling
the Cross. The older figures (18th cent.) include St. Ignatius on the right and
St. Francis Xavier, the apostle of th Indians, on the left \ the newer include
St. Norbert, St. Wenzel, St. Sigismund, and St. Joseph, by Jos. Mcus. The
bronze statue of St. John Kepomuc, the patron-saint of Bohemia, and the
two reliefs were executed in 1683 at Nuremberg. A slab of marble with
a cross on the right, on the coping of the wall, marks the spot where the
saint is said to have been flung from the bridge in 1383 by order of Emp.
Wenzel, for refusing to betray what the empress had confided to him in
the confessional. According to the legend, the body floated for a consid-
erable time in the Moldau, with five brilliant stars hovering over the head.
In 1728 the holy man was canonised by Pope Benedict XIII., after which
many thousands of devotees from Bohemia, Moravia, and Hungary per-
formed pilgrimages to the bridge, especially on 16th May, the festival of
the saint. The last group on the left is a curious representation of souls
in purgatory, erected in commemoration of the expulsion of the French
invaders and the cessation of the plague.

286 Route 42. PRAGUE. Budolfinum,

The Kaiser- Frans -Brnoke (PI. D, 6), a suspension - bridge
500 yds. in length, crosses the Moldau at the Schützeninsel, aboYe
the old bridge. Between these bridges is the Franzensquai y with
the Monument of Pranois I. (PI. £, Ö), a Gothic canopy, 75 ft.
high , over an equestrian statue of the emperor in bronze (cast at
Munich), serving at the same time as a fountain. Below, at the
corners , are represented the sixteen ancient districts of Bohemia
and the city ; above are figures emblematical of art, science, com-
merce, and industry. The whole was designed by Kranner^ the
statues executed by Jo9. Max. — The Bethlehemsgasse leads hence
to the E. to the Bethlehema-PkUs (PI. E, 5), in which once stood
the chapel and house of John Huns (at present Nos. 5 & 6). At No. 1
is Ndprstek's Bohemian Industrial Museum (adm. on application).
— Adjoining the Franz-Brücke is the Bohemian Ntitional Theatre
(p. 282). — Above the Sophieninsel is the Falacky-Brnoke, com-
pleted in 1878, which is 750 ft. in length by 30 ft. in width, and
rests on eight buttresses ; it crosbes the river from the new PaUicky
Quaij which is 1/2 M. long, to Smichow (p. 293).

Below the Carlsbrücke Is the Kettensteg (a chain -bridge; toll
1 kr.), beyond which, on the right bank, is the BudolfS'Quai.
Here stands theSadolfinnmt an imposing edifice in the Renaissance
style by Zitek and Schulz. The S. wing contains the Gonservatorium
of Music and two concert- rooms; the N. wing contains the Art-
Industrial Museum, the collections of the Art Union, and the pic-
ture-gallery of the Bohemian * Kunstfreunde'. Adm. 11-3; Frid. &

Sun. free, Tues., Thurs., & Sat. 30 kr.

'^Picture Gallery. In the Vestibule is the lower part of a Greek *Henna,
with a female figure in relief. — Booh I. Early German and Flemish
Schools. Theodorie of Prague^ Madonna; several other Bohemian works
of the i5th cent; *Qeertgen Joni, Winged altar piece; Va» Ma'tuMe, St.
Luke (from the Iiigh-altar of the cathedral) ; * Matter of the Death of the
Virgin^ Winged altar-piece; In the style of ff, van der Ooee^ Death of the
Virgin (replicas in London and Bome); H, Holbein^ Lady Vaux; *Han$
Baldung Orien, Martyrdom; Dutch Master of 1483 y Virgin. — Boom II.
Italian and later Flemish Schools. ^CavazzolOy Portrait; * Dutch Mastery
Toung lady in a handsome dress (1625); Ruysdaely Everdingeny Waterfalls;
* unknown Dutch Master^ Old woman ; 2)uc«de<, Two portraits; Snyders^ Large
stilllife piece ; Fr. Millety Large Italian landscape; Unknown Master, Octavio
Piccolomini; A. Corracci, Pieta; Franc. VecelliOy Portrait; *Dom. Campag-
nolOy Madonna enthroned, with saints (1225); School of Michael Angelo, Holy
Family. — Boom in. French School. Oreuze , Girl. — Boom IV. Modem
works, including specimens of Achenbachy Normanny etc. — The Cabinets
contain works by Austrian painters of the 18th cent., such as Grundy
Brand ('View on the Danube), and Platzer. Also *A. Elsheimery Temple
on a lake; NaiwincXy Mountain scene; A, Cuyp, Cows at water; V. 8teeny
Gats^ concert; *A. van der ITeer, Skittle-alley, Moonlight scene; O. MstsUy
Fish-seller; W. van de Fc2<f«, Calm; *Ascribed to Rembrandt ^ Vertumnus
and Pomona; * Everdingeny Norwegian scene; C. de Heem^ Two still-life
pieces; Fr. Millety G. Dughety Landscapes; * Watteau, Torch-light fite, a
sketch; genre scenes by C. Baftleveny P. Vereist, and *D. Rpekaert; *Rubenty
Annunciation (small), Sketch for the Expulsion from Eden (Jesuit Church
at Antwerp); P. Brueghel the Elder y Four small round pictures; PattniTy
The hermit.

Opposite are the Academy of Art, the Art- Industrial School^

Pal. of Count Nostitz. PRAGUE. 42. Route. 287

and the Seminary for Sehoolmistresaet, Lower down is the Frani-
JosephB-Brueke (PI. G, 3; toll 1 kr.), opened in 1868, and leading
to the abrupt left bank of the Moldau, where the pretty Kronprinz-
Rudolph (or Belvedere) Anlagen are situated (promenades with caf^,
commanding a beautiful view).

The Oarlsbrucke leads to the 'Ring' of the Kleinseite, embellished
with the *BadetBk7 Monument (PI. C, 4), ereoted in 1858 by the
Bohemian Art Union. The marshal, with his baton, holding a flag
in his hand , stands on a shield borne by eight soldiers ; figures in
bronze, cast by Burgschmiet of Nuremberg, the marshal by Ekn.
Max, the soldiers by Jos. Max, The emperor presented 5 tons of
the metal of Piedmontese cannon for the execution of the work.

The neighbouring Jesuit church of St. Hioliolas (PI. G, 4), com-
pleted in 1772, is richly decorated with gilding and marble. Ad-
jacent is the old Jesuit Seminary , now the JDietriet Court. Oppo-
site, on the N. side of the place, are the Oovemment Offices; on
the W. side is the Office of the Commandant.

From the N.E. angle of the Kleinseite Ring, the Thomas-
gasse leads past 8t. Thomas's Church to the Waldstein- Platz, in
which to the right, is WallenBtein's Falaee (PI. D, 4), erected in
1623 by the illustrious general of the Thirty Years' War, and still
belonging to the family (Counts of Waldstein). The old hall with its
grotesque caryatides was restored in 1854; adjacent is the chapel,
with old paintings attributed to Dürer, Guido Reni, etc. At the
back, facing the garden, is a fine open hall in the Renaissance style.
The horse (stuffed) which Wallenstein rode at the battle of Lützen
is also shown (castellan in the first court, to the right).

In the Waldsteingasse, to the right (Nos. 10, 11), is the Palace
of Prince Fürstenherg (PI. D, 3, 4), with a beautiful garden.

From the Waldstein-Platz we now return through the Fünf-
klrchengasse, passing the House of the Provincial Diet (to the left),
to the Kleinseitner Ring. A little to the S., in the Malteser-Platz,
is the Palace of Count Nostits (PI. D, 5), containing a collection of
about 300 pictures and a library. Many of the best pictures are in
the private apartments, which are frequently inaccessible (catalogue
20 kr.; fee).

Among the best works are: ^'Rembrcmdt, Rabbi (16%; damaged);
*Rvben$, General Spinola, in fall armour; *1B3. Eavertein (ascribed to
Pourbut), Man and woman; 48. O. Moataert, Market; 53. N. Knupfer,
Diana's bath; 378. Lttcidel, Girl; 291. A. van der Neer, Moonlight scene;
*iOe. J. van Ruyidael, Forest -scene (an early work); Mignon, Still -life;
*27ö. G. Dou, A savant; '171. A. van Dyck, St. Bruno ; ♦21Ö. Sir A. More (?),
Portrait; *Lucidel, Woman and child; *2i2. D. Tenters, Rustic tavern.

The burial-vaults of the neighbouring Carmelite church of
Maria de Victoria (PI. C.6), recently made accessible, afford a
curious but somewhat gruesome sight, to which visitors are ad^
mitted on application to Pater Slansky , the pastor of the church.

Two routes lead from the Kleinseitner Ring to the Hradschin,
the shorter to the right through the Schlossstiegen-Gasse , and by

288 Route 4^. PRAGUfi. Caihedtal.

203 steps to the entrance to the court of the castle; the longer
and easier is in a straight direction, and then to the right at the
end of the Spornergasse.

The Hradfchin (PI. B, C, 4, 3) may be termed the Capitol of
Prague. The ^ract^cAiner Plat% is a quadrangle bounded on the N.
by the archiepiscopal palace, on the S. by that of Prince Schwarzen-
berg and by a Carmelite nunnery, and on the E. by a palace of the
£mperor Francis Joseph. In the middle rises a MikrUnsauU, A
railing separates the Hradschiner Platz from the entrance-court of
the imperial Burg , which with several other buildings encloses the
cathedral. Yalets-de-place may be dispensed with.

The *€athedral (PI. C, 4), open ö- 12 and 2-5 o'clock, the
Metropolitan Church of 8t, VituSj begun in 1344 , consists of little
more than the spacious late-CK)thio choir completed by Peter Arier
of Gmünd (p. 24) in 1385. A plain party-wall, covered with fres-
coes (now faded) in 1729 to commemorate the canonisation of St.
John Nepomuc, closes the unfinished W. side. The tower, once
520 ft. high, was reduced by a fire in 1541 to its present height of
323 ft. The sacred edifice and its monuments, which were seriously
damaged by the Prussian bombardment during the siege of 1757,
have since undergone a thorough restoration. The completion of the
cathedral is now in progress.

The nave (118 ft. in height) contains the fine * Monument of thb
Kings, executed in marble and alabaster by Alex. Colin of Malinea in
1589, under Rudolph II. , and erected oyer the hereditary burial-place of
the Bohemian monarchs. Beneath it repose Charles IV. (d. 1378), Wen-
zel IV. (d. 1419), Ladislaw Posthumus (d. 1458), George Podiebrad (d. 1471),
Ferdinand I. (d. 1564), Maximilian II. (d. 1577), Rudolph II. (d. 1612),
and several queens and princesses. The *W£nzbl Chapbl (20 kr.), the first
on the right, contains the monument of the saint ; behind it his helmet and
coat of mail, and a large candelabrum with his statue, cast by the celebrat-
ed Feier Vucher of Ifuremberg in 1532. The chapel, buUt in 1368-66, is inlaid
with Bohemian precious stones, and decorated with very ancient, halt-
obliterated fres'-oes of the early Prague school (Thomas of Mutina^
Theodoric of Prague). A small picture of Cranach''» school (1543) repre-
sents the murder of St. WenzeL The ring on the door is said to be one
which was grasped by the saint when he was slain at Altbunzlau in
936 by his brother Boleslav. — The Mabtinitz Chapel, adjoining the
Wenzel Chapel, contains a handsome modern * Altar by Achtermann of
Rome (1884) and several monuments of the Martinitz family. In the
Chapel of 88. Simon & Jude, on the left wall hanes a Head of Christ on
the napkin, revered as a *'vera icon''^ copied in 1368 by Thomas of Mutina
from an ancient Byzantine picture \ the patron-saints of Bohemia on the
margin are original; the whole admirably executed. Above i^ a picture
of St. John l^epomuc. The royal Obatobidm is borne by admirably-exe-
cuted stone vaulting (1493). Opposite , on the wall of the choir, a large
representation in carved wood of the devastation of the church by the
Protestants. To the right in the choir is the Shbinb of St. 17epomuc, exe-
cuted in 1736, of no artistic value, but said to consist of IV2 tons of silver.
In the Stbbnbebg Chapel are the very ancient tombs of Ottocar I. and II.
and other Slavonic monarchs. A ball suspended by a chain from a pillar
is one of those which injured the church in the Seven Years^ War \ the
damage it occasioned to the balustrade is still observable. The Tbinitt
Chapel contains the altar uf St. Ludmilla, the first Christian duchess of
Bohemia, with a modern group by Em. Max, and also a candelabrum said

Burg. PRAGUE. 42, Route. 289

to have been in Solomon's Temple^ but really dating partly from the
12tli cent, (foot) -and partly from 16M (upper part). Opposite to it, at the
back of the high-altar, is the tomb of bt. Vitus, the patron-saint of the
church, with a modern statue. In the Chapel of St. John the Baptist
ifl a Cruoifizion carved in wood. The walla of Ss. Anna's Cuapkl are
adorned with paintings by SmrU. The marble figures of SS. Anna, Luke,
and Methodius, at the altar, are by Schimek. CJpposite this chapel, on the
wall of tiie presbytery, are two reliefs in wood, one representing Prague
before 1620, the other the flight of King Frederick of the Palatinate from
Prague after his defeat on the White Hill. Over the X. portal is an
Adoration of the Cross, a fresco originally executed in 1562 and painted
over in 16i)l, interesting only on account of the portraits of Ferdinand II.
and HI. and the two wives of the latter. •— The large Mosaic on the S.
external wall represents the Resurrection, the Bohemian patron-saints,
Charles IV. (who caused the work to be executed in 1371 by Italian artists)
and his queen Elisabeth. — Adjoining the cathedral is the Tkeasoby, con-
taining numerous curiosities and ohjects of value, to inspect which per-
mission must be obtained from the canon Dr. Diettrich.

Behind the cathedral rises the Romanesque Church of St,
George J a heavy-looking edifice of 1142-50, partly rebuilt after
a Are. It contains the monument of St. Ludmilla, dating
from the 14th century. To the right of the church is the Adlige
Fräulemstifty au Institution for spinsters of noble family, the bal-
cony of which commands an admirable view (comp. p. 282 ; en-
trance in the circular portico«; fee 20 kr.) At the end of the
Georgsgasschen , a gate to the right , adjoining the ' Schwarze
Thurm', leads to the Old Bastei^ another good point of view.
Adjacent is the Palace of Prince LobkowiU, The AUe 8chlo988tiege
(98 steps) descends hence to the Bruskagasse and the chain-bridge
over the Moldau (p. 286).

The Burg (PI. C, 4), or Impenal Palace, founded by Charles IV.,
and renewed by Ladislaw II. in 1484-1602 and again in the 16-
17th cent by Ferdinand I., Rudolph II., and Matthias» was com-
pleted by Maria Theresa. On entering we bear to the right and
pass through a gateway into the first court; farther on, to the right
of the chapel, we pass through another archway into the second
court, to the left in which rises the cathedral (see p. 288). To the
right is the main entrance to the S. wing of th^ Palace (adm. daily,
11-1 ; fee of 1 fl. to the attendant).

The most interesting rooms in the palace are Ladi$laui"$ Ilall^ or the
II(Ul of Homageyin wlüch tournaments were once held, the old Govern-
ment Koom^ the Private Chapel^ and the Oerman und Spanish HalU. From
the window of the old Council Chamber Count Thurn caused the two
imperial counsellors Hartinitz und Slawata to be precipitated. This act
of violence was the immediate occasion of the Thirty Years* War. The
chamber contains their portraits. Two small obelisks beneath the win-
dows, bearing their names, comjnemorate the event.

The equestrian Statue of 8L George, a fountain-figure oppo-
site the portal of the palace , was east in iron in 1373 ; the horse,
having been injured, was recast in 1562. In the N. comer of
this court is a gallery connecting the Cathedral and the Palace, be-
low which (left) is the entrance to the former.

From the Hradschiner-Plat? the Lauretagasse leads S.W.,
Babpbkbr' S. Germany. 6th Edit. 19

290 Route 42. PBAGUE. Belvedtre,

passing the Hotue of Corrtelion, to the Lavbbta or LoBBTTO-PiiA^Tz,
bounded on the W. by the extensive Franz-Joaeph BarrackSy form-
erly Count Czemin^$ Palace (PI. A, 4). Opposite, in the corner to
the right, is a Capuchin Monastery (PI. A, B, 4), into the walls
of which Prussian balls are built in commemoration of the siege of
1757. On the £. side of the Platz, adjoining the monastery, is the
pUgrimage-chapel of 8t, Loretto, an exact imitation of tiie celebrat-
ed Gasa Santa of Loretto. The treasury, to which 6 pers. only are
admitted at a time, under the guidance of a Capuchin monk (each
pers. 20 kr.), contains a few monstrances of the 16th cent., the
most curious of which is in the form of rays , said to be set with
6580 precious stones.

Higher up, near the Rtichathor (PI. A, 4), on the highest site in
the town, stands the wealthy Premonstratensian * Abbey of Stra-
how (PI. A, 4, 5 ; Tisitors admitted in the forenoon), a Tory im-
posing structure, with spacious halls, and a church containing
the tombs of St. Norbert, founder of the order, and Pappen-
heim, the Imperial general, who fell at Lützen in 1632. The
finest work in the picture-gallery is a ^Virgin and ChUd orowned
by angels, painted by Dürer at Venice in 1Ö06, containing portraits
of the painter himself, his friend Pirkheimer, £mp. Maximilian,
Pope Julius II., and other princes (much retouched). The
admirably - arranged library, with 60,000 yoIs. and KM) MSS.,
contains autographs of Tycho Brahe and a portrait of Ziska, the
blind leader of the Hussites. Adjoining it is a small natural history
collection, in which the fossils deserve notice. Superb ^iew, from
the windows of the upper floor, of the imposing city and the distant
landscape bounded by the Giant Mts. on the N.£. (fee to the guide
in the monastery 20 kr. ; a small donation may also be given to the
librarian *■ für die Armen \ i. e. for the poor).

Returning to the imperial palace, we regain the road by the
passage on the N. side of the first court, and, passing the Imperial
Garden, reach the ^Belvedere (PI. 0,3), a villa roofed with copper,
in the Italian Renaissance style, erected in 1536 by Emp. Ferdi-
nand I. for the £mpress Anna, It is erroneously termed Tycho
Brahe's observatory, perhaps from the circumstance that Rudolph II.
sometimes watched the stars here in the society of his astronomer.
The great hall is adorned with frescoes from the history of Bohemia,
executed from cartoons by Rubens. * View from the balcony (fee
20 kr.). The Sandthor to the N. leads to the *Baumgarten (Restau-
rant; PI. D, £, 1) at BuhenHy mentioned at p. 282.

From the Belvedere we may descend to the town through the
promenades of the Volktgafien (PI. D, 3) to the Bruskagasse (see
above). To the £. are. the * Belvedere Ptomenadea (p. 287).

On the land-side the Altstadt is entirely surrounded by the Ken*
•tftdtf from which it was formerly separated by a wall and moat.

Wefutel8'Plat%, PRAGUE. 42, Route. 291

The Gbabbn (PI.F, 5, G, 4) is now the finest and busiest sl^eet
in the town, containing the handsomest shops and the most popu^
lai eaf(^8. On the left , No. 26 , is the Qerman Ccuino (p. 282).
Adjacent (No. 24) is the *Boh«miaa Xasenm (PI. G| 6; open
to the public on Tues. and Frld. 9-12.30, on other days 10-1 ; fee
1 fl. for 1-4 pers.).

It compriaea a library, «oUections of MSS. (of Hues-, Ziska , Ac.) and
coins, and etlinograpbical, botanical, and geognostic cabinets, founded by
Count Sternberg. In the 2nd Room on the upper floor: carved wood and
ivory, and ethnogrspbical curiosities, 8rd and 4th B.: Bohemian anti-
quities, bronaes, an^i^nt weapons, flails used is the Hussite warsi sword
of Gustavus Adolphus, the sword with which the Protestant nobles were
beheaded (p. 284), goblets ; objects of the stone and bronze periods found
at Seharka in Bohemia. — 6th R. : Natural history specimens, including a
fine coUectioB of Afrieain birds. — A small out^building contains a
collection of fossils.

At the S.W. end of the Graben and forming a right angle with
it to the left, is the Wbnzbls-Platz (PI. F, G, 5, 6), 55-65 yds.
in width, and 750 yds. in length, ascending slightly towards the
S.£. and planted with double ayeuues of trees. At the upper end
a large new Bohemian National Museum (PI. G, 6J is now under
construction. The space gained by the removal of the town-walls
between the Neuthor and Kornthor (also removed), below the
Franz- Josephs-Bahnhof, has been laid out as a large *Fublic Park.
In the Mariengasse, on the W. side of the park, is the New Qerman
Theatre (p. 282 ; Pi, G. 6).

At theE. end of the Ferdinand-Strasse, opposite the church of
8t. Maria-Schnee (PI. F, 5), rises a monument in memory of the
lexicographer Joseph Jungmann (d. 1847), designed by Simek.
Farther on in the same street (No. 24), to the left, is the Palais
8chlik\ on the right (No. 15), at the corner of the Postgasse, is
the Police Office (PI. E, 5), opppsite which are the Church and
Convent of the Vrsuline Nuns (PI. £, 6). The Bohemian Savings
Bank^ also on the right (No. 7), is a handsome building erected
by Ullmann in 1861. At the W. end of the street, by the Franzens-
Briicke, rises the handsome new '''BohemiaiL Theatre, a Renais-
sance edifice by Zitek, with alterations by Schulz consequent upon
a fire in 1881. — Framens-Brücke, see p. 286.

The most extensive Platz in Prague is the Oablb-Pi/Atz (PI.
F, 6, 7) now converted into a park, 580 yds. in length, and 165 yds.
in width. In the N.E. corner is the Bathhaus of the Neustadt
(Pl.F, 6), so altered in 1806 that of the original structure (of 1370) on-
ly a single tower remains. It is now occupied by the criminal courts
of justice, TheHussitewarsbeganhereinl419. The infuriated popu-
lace under Ziska stormed the Rathhaus, released the Hussite prisoners,
and flung the unpopular counsellors from the windows. On the W.
side of the Platz is the new Technical School, a handsome building
in the Renaissance style. Half of the E. side of the Platz is occu-
pied by the Military Hospital (PI. F, 7), formerly a Jesuit college.

19*

292 Boutc 42. PRAGUE. Jews* Quairter.

On the S. »Ide are the ChUdrens' Hospital (PL £. 7) and the Dtaf^
Dumb Asylum (P1.E.7). In the vieinity are the Aewpitoi (^AUgem^ne
Krankenhaus, PI. F, 7), vaiious buildings belonging to the Medical
Faculty of the university, the Foundling, Commercial, and Lying"
in Hospitals and the Lunatic Asylum (PI. F, G, 7, 8). The Carls-
hof Church (PI. G, 8), a Gothic edifice with a dome, and a master-
piece of technical execution, dates from the 14th century. In the
Vysehrader-Str., which runs to the S. from the Garls-Platz, is the
Benedictine Church of Emaus, a Gothic structure of 1348-72,
lately restored, the transept of which is embellished with inte-
resting frescoes from the ^Biblia Pauperum^ (parallel scenes from
the Old and New Testament). In the Slupergasse, farther to the
S., stands the Elisabethinerinnen Hospital (PI. F, 8), to the left of
which is the garden of the Oartenhau-Oesellsehäft (Fl. F, 8), re-
commended to the notice of horticulturists.

The Vyiohrad, or citadel, occupying the site of the castle of
Libussa, the foundress of the Bohemian royal family , of whom nu-
merous legends are related, forms the S. extremity of Prague. The
approach leads through the old Rathhaus , beyond which steps as-
cend to a bastion (fine Tiew). The original YySehrad, once a
stronghold with numerous towers, was almost entirely destroyed
during the Hussite wars. The present fortifications are modem.

The Jewi' Quarter , or Josephstadt (PI. E, F, 4), lies on the
Moldau, at the N.W. angle of the Altstadt. It was formerly occu-
pied excluslYoly by Jews, but one -half of the present population
(10,000) consists of Christians of the poorer classes. The tower of
the Jewish Rathhaus affords the best survey of these crowded and
curious purlieus. The most interesting of the nine synagogues is
the Altneusehule (PI. E, 4; custodian, Rabbinergasse 7), an
early -Gothic structure of the beginning of the 13th cent. This
singular, gloomy pile, begrimed with the smoke and dust of ages in
the interior, was founded, according to tradition , by the first fugi-
tives from Jerusalem after its destruction. The large flag suspended
from the vaulting, and extending across the entire synagogue , was
presented by Ferdinand III. , in recognition of the bravery of the

Jews during the siege of Prague by the Swedes in 1648.

In the midat of these narrow lanes and densely -peopled hooses.
near the Altneusehule, is situated the ancient * Jewish Burial Grouna
(PI. E, 4), disused since 1780, the entrance to which is closed by a door
(fee 10-20 kr. \ closed on Sat.). Thousands of grey, time-worn, moss-grown
stones, some of thtm of great antiquity, bearing Hebrew inscriptions, are
interwoven with underwood, creeping plants, alders, etc. Many of them
are furnished with the symbol peculiar to the tribe to which the deceased
belonged; thus, a pitcher marks the tribe of Levi, two hands the de-
scendants of Aaron. The small stones piled on the graves and tombstones
have been placed there, according to ttie Jewish custom, by relatives of
the deceased as a token of regard.

Carolinenthal, the N.£. suburb of Prague , intersected by the
long (2/3 M.) railway- viaduct, with 20,000 inhab.. Is a busy manu-
factHring place of entirely modem origin. The large Church of88f

MUtorp. PRAGUE. i2. Route, 293

Cyril and Methodius (PI. I, K, 3) was begun in 1854 from designs
"by Rosner, iind completed in 1863. The small Park (PI. H, 4) be-
tween Garolinenthal and the Neustadt, opposite the station of the
N, W. Rauway (p. 281), contains a monument by J. Max erected
to the memory of the Bohemian soldiers who fell in 1848 and 1849,
and a Museum.

Smiohow (PI. 0, D, 6, 7, 8), the S.W. suburb (outside the Au-
jezderthor), is another industrial quarter, with 21,000 inhabitants.
Above the Aujezderthor, to the right, is the Villa Kinsky, the garden
of which affords charming * Views of Prague (adm. on Mon., Wed.,
& Frid., by tickets obtained from the head gardener). In the
Krinsky-Str. is the handsome new Church of St, Wenxel^ built in
1880-86 in the eariy-Renaissance style, with a tastefully decorated
interior. Beyond the church, on the side next the Moldau, is the
Botanie Garden» The Palacky-Brucke (tramway, see p. 282) leads
hence to the Neustadt. Farther to theS. are the two railway stations

(Nos. 2 & 5) named at p. 281.

Historioiu AMOdatunu. Prague is celebrated in history as the sphere
of action of Huss and Jerome, two of the greatest harbingers of the Refor-
mation, and as the earliest stronghold of Protestantism in Germany. Huss
was born in 1969 (p. 313), studied for the church, and became a priest and a
professor ai the university. Having read Wickliflre''8 Bible, he soon began
strenuously to inveigh against the errors of the Romish Church. He
preached against the confessional, the adoration of images, the practice of
compulsory fasting, and the witlidrawal from the laity of the cup at the
Holy Communion. At the same time his character for piety and integrity
was irreproachable. In 1410 he was summoned to Rome by Pope John
XXIII. to answer for his conduct, but declined to appear. In 1412 he was
formally excommunicated, and the city ■ of Prague laid under a papal inter-
dict on account of its adherence to the reformed doctrines. Huss, however,
who enjoyed the patronage of King Sigismund and many of the Bohemian
nobility, continued zealously to devote himself to the cause of truth , and
made numerous converts. In 1414 he was summoned to appear before the
Council of Constance, whither he repaired, provided with a safe-conduct
from the Emperor. The latter, however, was persuaded that a promise
made to a heretic was null and void; he accordingly withdrew his pro-
tection, and Huss, after a mock trial, was condemned to the stake. He
died nobly, on 6th July. 1415, and Ms ashes were cast into the Rhine. —
JsaoMB of Prague, the rriend and contemporary of Huss, became acquaint,
ed with the dawning Reformation whilst studying at Oxford. On return-
ing to his native country he displayed the utmost zeal in disseminating
the new principles. When Huss was cited before the Council, Jerome
hastened to repair thither to aid in the defence of his friend, but hesitat-
ed on finding that a safe-conduct was denied to him. He' was, however,
arrested by the Ihike of Bavaria, handed over to the Council, and thrown
into prison in April, 1416. Enervated and reduced to the verge of despair
by six months ox solitary confinement in a noisome dungeon, he was at
length induced to recant by a promise of liberty. The promise having
been broken, Jerome retracted shortly afterwards, and on 90th Hay, 1416,
died heroically at the stake. His ashes, like tnose of his friend Huss,
were cast into the Rhine. — For upwards of a century a large pro-
portion of the population of Bohemia continued to adhere to the doctrines
of Huss, and the struggles between them and the Romish party were
incessant Ziska (d. 1^) was the great leader of the more democratic
and puritanical party, and, although latterly blind, continued his victori-
ous career till his death. The cause of the Reformation, however, was
afterwards seriously prejudieed by the hostility between the moderate

294 RouU 4^. PRAGUE. History.

nnitersity-pftrty and tile- &naiical refornpiers of the lower elMsee. la the
16th cent, the teaching of Luther, Calvin , and the other great Beformerg
tended to establish Protestantism in Bohemia on a more stable foundation,
but in 1620, soon after the beginning of the Thirty Yeam^ War, the Roman
Catholic Leagt^e was finally Tietorious*

On the White Hill (Weisse Berg)^ W. of Prague, about SVsM. from
the Reichsthor (p. 290), the fate of Protestantism in Bohemia was decided,
8th Nov., 1620. The Protestant Bohemians under Frederick Y. of the Pala^
tinate, the king of their ow« eleetion^ had thrown uf» intrendnaentg on the
White Hill, but the attacks of Maximilian of Bavaria , chief of the Rom.
Cath. League, with his army of Bavarians and Walloons, were so irresist-
ible that Frederick and his party were speedily routed, and the batUe
won in leas than an hour. A pilgrimage^hurch was afterward« erected
here to commemorate the victory. — On the N.W. slope of the White
Hill an extensive and massive structure, erected in the form of a star,
rises in the midst of wood. It was originally a royal chitean, but ifl now
used as a powder-magaeiae. It is situated at the extremtlty of a park
which derives its name of Stem (star) from this building, and is a
favourite resort of the citizens, thousands of whom repair hither on the
first Sunday after 13th July. A stone her« commemorates the capturo of
Prague by Frederick the Great in 1744, ptti^orting to oocapy the preci«e
spot whence that monarch directed the operations of the besiegers. — On
6th May, 1757, Marshal Schwerin y Frederick the Great's favourite general,
fell at the battle of Prague. Two monuments mark the spot where he
was mortally wounded, near the village of Sterbohol^ 41/2 M. to the £. of
Prague.

Schloss Karhtein^ 14 M. to the S.W. of Prague, see p. 309«

43. From Dresden to Prague.

121 M. Railway in 4-6»/« brs. — Finest views on the left. — Steakboat,
five times daily to Pirna in 2V4 hrs., thrice daily to Schandau in 4V2 hrs.,
twice daily to Aussig in 10 hrs. — The traveller unacquainted with the
picturesque banks of the Elbe may perform part of this route by steamer.
The finest scenery terminates at Aussig.

Dresden and the Saxon Switzerland^ see Baedeker'^s N. Germany.

The station at Dresden is on the S. side of. the town. Soon after
starting, the Grosse Garten is seen on the left, and part of the battle-
field of 26th and 27th Aug., 1813, on the right. The line traverses
the plain of the Elbe Valley, bounded on the S. by the gentle slopes
of the extreme spurs of the Erzgebirge. The opposite bank of the
river is covered with vineyards, and studded with country-seats.
Stat. StdlitZj with a mineral spring , gives its name to the now ar-
tificially-prepared 'powders', which however differ materially from
those obtained by evaporating the mineral water. On the right
appears the spire of Bohna.

The line approaches the Elbe and follows the serpentine course
of the river through the picturesque ^ Saxon SwitzerlancP (described
in the Handbook for N. Oermany). The valley Is narrow and rocky^
and the railway occasionally hewn through the solid rook. The
chateau oi Sonnenberg at (11 M.) Pima (*Rall. Restaurant) is now a
lunatic asylum. Potzseha is the station for the small town of Wahlen
on the opposite bank. At stat. Raihen (*Inn) rises the ^Basieiy a
precipitous rock (640 ft.) on the opposite bank of the Elbe , the
finest point in the Saxon Switzerland, commanding a beautiful view.

BOBENBAGH. 43. Route, 295

At (22 M.) Kfoigst«i]i (Kronprinz ; Blauer Stem) U the celebrated
fortress of that name , rising 810 ft. above the riyer , and com-
manding a noble prospect (admission 4 m. for 1-8 pers.). Opposite
the fortress rises the LUieMMn, 177 ft. higher. 24 M. Sohandan
is the station for the village of the same name on the opposite
bank (^Forsthans; ^Dampfschiff; Deutsches Haus). 32 M. Nieder-
grund is the first Bohemian village on the left bank ; Herrrukret'-
eehen, a little lower down , the first Bohemian place on the right
bank, is the nsual termination or starting-point of a tonr in the
Saxon Switzerland (steamboat to Dresden in 4, from Dresden in
5^2 hrs.). The line penetrates the projecting Sehäferwand by two
short tnnnels.

38 V2 M. Bodenhaeh (*P08t; *H6tel Orams ; Bau. Restaurant)
is the Saxon and Austrian enstom-honse station. Long halt, and
change of carriages. Opposite to it lies the pleasant town of Tet-
sehen (p. 314), which is connected with the left bank by means of a
railway and a suspension-bridge. The village of Obergrund (Starck's
H6tel ; ♦Bad-H6tel ; Bellevue), on the left bank, below the bridge,

is a favourite summer-resort.

From Bodeitbach to Dux abtd Komotau, SlVs M., railway in 3*/« hrs.
The line traTerses the narrow and pieinreaque yalley of the Eukmerbach ;
on the right rises the Schneeberg (see below) with its belvedere. Stations
Bünabnrg^ Eulau^ and (81/2 M.) Kifnigtwaldy 8 M. to the 11. of which is
the village of Tyesa^ with its huge and curioasly-riven cliflfs of sand-
stone, called the Tjftsaer Wände, On the hill to the right at (iOV* M.) Klein-
Kahn lies Nollendorf Cp« 900). 16 Df. Kitlm^ where a battle took place on
90th Aug., 1813 fp. 300). Then (18 M.) ^oAsnsfom, with the Geiersberp on
the right; ISVs M. Marioicheim (p. 300); 20 M. Bosenthai-arMmen (p. 300),
where the Wilhelmshöäe and Rosenburg rise to the right; 23 M. Teplitz-
Waldthor fp. 297; station 1 M. from the town; omn. 15 kr.). — 2572 M.
Kosten (I1/3 M. to the W. is the Utile town of Elostergrab, p. 900). 90 If.
Oesegg (p. 300; branoh-line in 10 min. to DuXy p;. 300). The train now
skirts the S. base of the Erzgebirge, and runs by JBrucb^ Oberleitensdorf^
ObergeorgenthcU, Eisenberg, and Oöriau to (SlVz M.) Komotau (p. 901).

Ascsirr oy thk Schhxbbbbo pbom Bodekbaoh (2>/3 hrs.). We diverge
from the Teplit» road to the right, either at the (V« M.) Zum Bothen Kreuz
Inn, or at the (IV2 M.) Zur Grünen Wiese Inn. The path in the first case
is easy to trace, being indicated by white paint-marks on the trees, but
is almost destitute of shade. In the second ease we reach after 7 min. a
footpath which crosses the valley to Dorf 8eh$ieeberg (1866 ft.; 61/4 M.
from Bodenbach). A still shorter way diverges from this to the right at
a clearing in the forest and leads straight towards the tower, but for this
route a guide is necessary. Those who wish to have as little walking as
possible isay drive to Dorf Schneeberg by the road diverging to the left
near Peiperz, below the chain-bridge, or take the Bodenbach and Dux
railway to Eulau (see above). The steep road from Eulau to (3 M.) Schnee-
herg ascends to the right From the village of Sohnoeberg we attain the
plateau of the Sohneeberg (2372 ft.) , the highest of the Bohemian sand-
stone-hills, in */* hr. At the top is a tower, 114 ft. high, which commands
a magnificent ^Panorama (Inn).

43 M. Topkowit%; 471/2 M. NestersiUs.

53 M. AnsBig (1600 ft.; *Ooldnes St^iff; ^Englischer Hof;
Steamboat Hotel, on the Elbe ; *Rail. Restaurant, a bnsy town of
16,500 Inhab., situated at the influx of the Biela into the Elbe,
contains numerous extensive manufactories (Including chemical

296 Route 43. liOBOSrrZ. From Dresden

-works with 1300 hands), and carries on a oousiderable coal-tradd,
the vast coal-beds of N. Bohemia lyin^ a little to the W. It pos-
sesses a special coaling-harbour on the Elbe, where the large riyer-
barges take in theii cargoes. The town is connected by a railwa.y-
bridge with the station of Schreekenstei» on the N.W. Railway on
the right bank of the Elbe (p. 315). It was the birth-place of the
painter Raphael Mengs (1728-79). The traveller detained here
should ascend the Ferdinandahohe (}/^ hr. S.) , or to tiie rain of
Schrechenstein (^/^ hr., see below). A more extensive prospect is
obtained from the Hohe Woatrey (1920 ft.)« ascended via Obef-
Sedliit and Neudorfel in IVs ^* "^ T^^ plain of Bihanaf to the
W. of Anssig, was the scene of the great Hnssite battle of 16th
June, 1426, which ended in the rout of the Saxons ander Frederick
the Quarrelsome and the destraction of the then flourishing town.

From Ausbig to Teplitz, 11 M. , branch-line in 40 min. Stations
Tiirmitz^ with extensive coal mines, Junction for the BielatJial railway
(see below); Schdnfeld, where the line approaches the Biela; KarbitZy a
thriving manufacturing town; Mariasettein (p. 900); the red-roofed build>
ings with their numerous windows, and the Bosenburg and Oeieraburg are
conspicuous. Teplitz^ see p. 2ff7. From Teplitz to (29 H.) Komotau^ see
p. 902. — From Aussig to Bilin, 17 M., railway through the Bielatkal in
2 hrs. Bilin, see p. 301.

Travellers from Prague to Dresden may find it pleasant to quit the
train at Aussig and perform the rest of the journey by Stbamboat (in 6-8
hrs. ; comp. p. 295). The steamboat, however, is often over-crowded.

59 M. Zdleal lies picturesquely on the river. On the opposite
bank is Sehusein (p. 315). A bold rock on the right bank, 280 ft«
in height, and resembling the Lnrlei on the Rhine, is crowned with
the extensive ruins of the * Schreeken$tein j destroyed by the Hus-
sites in 1426, the property of Prince Lobkowitz , who keeps them
in good preservation. Beautiful view from the top. This forms an
appropriate termination to the more picturesque part of the Elbe
scenery. 6IV2M. Praskowitz,

66 M. LobotitB (^Poat ; Rosa ; Steamboat Restaurant, on the
Elbe, with view), a manufacturing town "With a chateau of Prince
Schwarzenberg , was the scene of the first battle in the Seven
Years* War, in which, on 1st Oct., 1756, the Prussians under
Frederick the Great and the Duke of Brunswick defeated the
Austrians under Marshal Brown. On the opposite bank are the
village of Oross-Cemosek (p. 315), celebrated for its wine, and the
Hradek (1180 ft.) with its chapel. The Mileschauer (p. 300) may
be easily ascended from Lobositz in 3 hrs.

71 M. Thereeienttadt (Rail, Restaurant); the town (H6tel
Kronprinz Rudolf), lies 172^- *o *^e N., at the Influx of theEger;
the name is derived from a fortress erected by Joseph II. in 1780,
and called after his mother. The green ramparts and the barracks
are alone visible from the railway. Fine *View of the picturesque
basaltic cones of the Mittelgebirge from the station : on the N*E.,
the Geltsch and Kelchberg; on the N., the Kreuzberg, Radischken,
a»d Radobil; on the N,W., the Lobosoh, Mileschauer (pr 300), an4

to Prague. RAÜDNITZ. 4S. RouU, 297

Kletsehen ; on the W. the Kostial, with a mined castle; on the S.W.
the isolated Hasenburg. Beyond Theresienstadt the Eger is crossed.

741/2 M. Hrobetz. 771/2 M. Bandnits (Krone; Lowe; Rail. Re-
8iaur<mt) Is picturesquely situated on the Elbe (5900 inhab.). The
chateau of Prince Lobkowitz contains a library (45,000 vols.), an ar-
moury, and some interesting pictures from the time of Charles Y.
to the Thirty Years* War, and others of later date. Prince Lewis of
Baden, a celebrated general, who distinguished himself against the
Turks and on other occasions, celebrated his marriage here in 1669
with a Princess of Saxony. Three centuries earlier (1350) the cele-
brated Cola di Kienzi, *the last of the tribtines^ was confined in the
castle for a year by £mp. Charles IV. The isolated Qeorgenberg, or
Ripberg (1325 ft.)» with its white chapel, 3 M. to the S.E., long
remains a conspicuous object to the railway-traveller.

84 M. Stat. Wegsiadtl; the village lies on the opposite bank.
At (89 M.) Befkowits^Melnik the line quits the Elbe, into which the
Moldau falls 3 M. higher up. — 94 M. JenSowitz, In the distance,
to the left, lies Melnik (p. 316).

931/2 M. Weltrus; the village, with a chateau and park of
Count Chotek, lies on the right bank of the Moldau. A tunnel and
several galleries are passed through, and the Zakolaner-Bach crossed,
between (100 M.) Mühlhausen (with a chateau of Prince Lobkowitz)
and (102 M.) Kralnp (Railvoay Restaurant), junction for the lines
to Neratowitz and Turnau (p. 327), and to Kladno and Wejhybka
(p. 301).

On the opposite bank the ruin of Chwatirub. The train slowly
follows the sinuosities of the Moldau. 106 M. Libiitz; 112 M.
Roztok; 114 M. 8ele; 116 M. Podbaba. At (118 M.) Bubenc,
the last station before Prague, the narrow, rocky valley widens.
Pleasant scenery. The line intersects the lower part of the Baum-
garten (p. 290) , and crosses the main stream and several arms of
the Moldau, the Hetzinselj Jerusälemsinsel , and Cairolinenthal by
a vast viaduct of 87 arches , 1200 yds. long (erected at a cost of
31/2 mill. fl.). On the left rises the Ziskaberg, memorable as the
soene of the great Hussite battle of 1420, in which the Protestants
were led* by Ziska.

121 M. Prague» see p. 281.

44. Teplitz and Environs,

Comp. Plan, p. 306.

Hotels. ''KCnio von PsiusasN (PI. a), in the Stephans-Platz; *Stadt
LoKooN (PJ. b). Post (PI. c), both in the Langegasse; *Altes Rathhads
(PI. d), in the market-place. — Ebonfsinz Rudolf (PI. f), and Blaues
Stbbk (PL gr), both in the Bahnhofs-Str. 5 Railway Hotel. — At Schönau :
*Nbptun« (PL IO1 at the 8. end of the Hamboldtpromenade \ Hbkicakns-
BUBG (PL F), Kenbadallee ; Haus Oestebbbich, and others. — Host of the
visitors breakfast at the caf^s.

Bettavrantt. At all the hotels (see above); OardM-Saloon^inihe Sohloss«

298 Route U, TEPLTTZ. CwgaHen.

garten \ Oursalon, in the Stepkans^Platz % Schwarze» Eosty KirchengasBe, be-
side the Stadtbad and near the lower entrance of the Schloasgarten ; Oold-
nes Schiff y PreuuiscTier Hof, Seume-Str., near the Curgarteu; Olcuer, Weit-
bttrg^ Linden-Str., in the direetion of Schönau ; Germania^ Steinbadgaase,
at Schönau, etc. — Beer at the LeitfMrÜzer Bierhalie, with gi^rden in the
Schul-Platz, and the Erzherzog Stefan^ König-Str., at the Cnrgarten. —
Wine at Schäefz^ Badeplatz, and FialcTs, Linden -Sti;.

Oaf6a. Cvrsahn (see abore); T%9ater'Ca/4^ at the theatre, facing the
Cur garten.

Beading Boom in the Cursalon (ground-floor).

Kineral Water Dep6t. at the house ^Zum Englischen 6ru8s\ in the
Badeplatz.

Yitttora* and Hnaio Tax for a stay of more thaA a week , 1st class
9 fl., members of a family 6 fl. each; 2nd class, 6 or 4, 3rd class 4 or iVs«
4th class IV« fl. — Music-tax for a stay of 3-8 days, ÖOkr. — A band plays in
the Curgarten from 6.90 to 8 a.m., in the Schlossgarten from 11 a.m. to
1 p.m., and in the Curgarten and Schloesgarten alternately in the evenings.
Dancing Reunions in the Gartensalon and Hot. Neptun every Saturday,
8-12 p.m.

Theatre, in the Curgarten; performances daily.

Carriages. Drive within Teplitz and Schönau, under Vshr., one-horse
carr. 40, two-horse 60 kr., V« l^r« 60 or 80 kr., 1 hr. 1 or IVafl.» forenoon
Ö'/a or 4 fl. (and fee) , afternoon 3 fl. 70' kr. or 5 fl. (fee) \ to or from
the Aussig station , with or without luggage , 50 kr. or 1 fl. ; to the
Schlackenburg, Belvedere, Schiesshaus, or Turnerpark 60 kr. or 1 fl. ; to
the foot of the Schlossberg 1 fl. 30 kr. or 2 fl. to Eichswald 2 or 37«,
Pilkau 5 or 8 fl., Mückenberg 5 fl. 70 kr. or 8fl. — Omnibus between
the town and the station 25 kr.

Bailway to Aussig, see p. 298; to Carlsbad, see B. 45.

EngUdi Ohureh Service during the season.

Teplitz (725 ft. ; from a Slavonic word signifying *warm bath'),
a popular watering-place with 16,300 inhab., is situated in the
broad and pleasant yalley of the Bielaj which h&re separates the
Erz- and Mittelgebirge. The village of SchönaUy to the E., has
been united with Teplitz by several rows of buildings, so that the
two now form a single town. The saline-alkaline springs (77-117^
Fahr.), said to have been discovered as early as 762, are used al-
most exclusively for bathing. Their principal source is the Urquelle
in the Stadibad (PI. 3), which supplies the Furstenhad. (once used
by Peter the Great; PI. 6), the Sofiiienbad (PI. 10), and the KaUer-
bad (PI. 1). The Steinbad (PL 5) and Stefansbad (PI. 4) in the
part of Teplitz next Schönau , and the Sehlangenbad (PI. 9) and
Neubad (PL 8) at Schonau, are supplied by separate springs, with
a temperature of 90-110** Fahr.

August is here the height of the season , the waters of Teplitz
being generally employed to confirm the cures already effected at
Carlsbad or other baths. The annual number of patients is over
6000. Between 6 and 8 a.m. visitors assemble in the Curgarten
(PI. D, 3), situated in the centre of the town , and containing
the Trinkhallen (PI. 32), where the Teplitz and other mineral
waters, whey, etc., are sold. From 11a.m. to 1p.m. the grounds
of Prince Clary's Chfctean, or *SohloiBgarte]i (PI. B, C, 4), at the
"W. end of the town, where a band plays at these hours, are the
fashionable resort ; they contain a Garden Saloon (caf^-restaurant,

Stume Park, TEPLITZ. 44, Route. 299

see p. 297) and a Dairy, In the Stephans-Platz, on the S.E. side
of the Cnrgarten , are the Oarsalon (PI. 24) and the Kaiserbad
(PI. 1), the lattei a palatial edifice in the early French Mansard
style, with handsome apartments and hath-rooms. On the N.W.
side is the new Theatre, a tasteful Renaissance structure.

The Senme Park, on the Linden-Strasse, recently laid out on
the site of the old Boman Catholic cemetery , takes its name from
the graye of the poet Johann Gottfried Sewne (d. 1310). Farther
on are the Payer-Anlagen, dominated by the Monte de Ligne (PI.

E, 3 ; 668 ft.) , a hill hetween Teplitz and Schonau (ascent best
from the Seume park), which commands a fine panorama (restau*
rant and helredere). — The N. side of the Linden-Strasse is oc-
cupied by substantial lodging-houses and a few public buildings,
including the Saxon and PrussUm Military Batlis, the Burger Spital
and the John^sehe Spital, Behind rise the new Synagogue, with
a conspicuous dome , and the Protestant Church, built in the ba-
silica style, on a terrace above the Ellsabeth-Str.

Between Teplitz and Schonau extends the new Kaiser-Park,
(PI. E, F.2,), beside which are the Steinbad khA. Stefansbad, men-
tioned above , the Austrian Military Bath House (PI. 18), built in
1807, the Schlangeribad , and, on an eminence to the N., the
Schonau Roman Catholic Church (PI. E, F, 2). To the S. this park
is adjoined by the Humboldt Anlagen, and to the N.E., behind the
Austrian Bath House, is the Neubad Allee, with the Neubad (p. 298).

The best view of Teplitz is afforded by the *König8höhe (820 ft. ;
PI. D, E, 4), ascended by a path with steps from the Stephansplatz,
or from the Badeplatz through the Kirchgasse , and past the lower
entrance to the Sehloss-Garten. The finest point is marked by a
wooden hut, near the pretty MonumerU of King Frederick Wt7-
liam III., erected in 1841. A little farther are the Belvedere and
Schlackenburg Restaurants, the latter a grotesque castellated build-
ing of sandstone and glazed bricks ; and in the direction of the
above-mentioned dairy is the Schiesshaus. — Barely 2^4 M to the
S. is the Wachholderberg (1246 ft), also a very fine point of view.
We ascend by the Bilin road, past the Sehloss-Garten , and then
take the ^Katharlnenweg'' to the right. Half-way up is the Berg-
schlösschen Restaurant,

Another good point of view is the Stefanshöhe (830 ft.*; PI.

F, 3), which rises to the E., above Schonau; the ascent may be
made from the Prager Strasse (Pi. F, 4) or to the right from the
route to the Schlossberg (PI. F, 2, 3) — A path, diverging to the
right Y2 M. beyond the toll at the end of the Prager-Strasse, leads
past a tannery to the Fasanerie , a small wood and pheasant pre-
serve (refreshments at the forester's).

To the E. of Schonau rises the Sehlossberg (1280 ft. ; comp.
PI. F, 2, 3) , an admirable point of view, easily attainable without
A guide in ^/^ hr. The extensive ruins of the castle , which was

300 RouUdd, TEPLITZ.

rased in 1655, now serve as a restaarant. — The Mecs^ry-Weg
fPl. F, 2, 1) leads from Schonau to the (^/^ M) shady Turner Park\
1^2 M* farther on (reached by the village of Turn) is the Probst"
cuter Parky another fayonrite resort (refreshments at the forester's.

Eiohwald (1378 ft. ; WaldseMössehen ; *Curhau8 Theretienbad,
a comfortable establishment with baths of every description, R. 7-
20 fl. per week, pens. 2-4 fi. ; *Dr, Brechers Hydropathie)^ 3 M. to
the N.W. of Teplitz, picturesquely and loftily situated amid
beautiful woods, has lately come into favour as a summer-resort.
The best way of making an excursion thither is to go in the fore-
noon from Teplitz (omnibus to Eichwald several times daily) to
(3 M.) Doppetburg, where Prince Clary's deer-park is situated,
dine and spend the afternoon at Eichwald, and in the evening as-
cend the (25 min.) ^ßehweissjäger (refreshments at the forester's),
which commands an admirable view of the extensive plain, the
Schlossberg, and the Mlleschauer.

From the Schweisajäger a picturesque path leads through wood to the
(1 hr.) foreater^s house of Siebengiebel , whence we may proceed , at first
through wood and then along the bare slope of the Erzgebirge, to the
(1 hr.) MileienthHrmehen (see below).

The milescliauer, or Donnersberg (2710 ft.), 10 M. to the S.E.
of Teplitz, commands the most extensive and picturesque view in
Bohemia. Rustic *Inn at the top. "We drive (with two horses in
1^2 ^^'1 or with one horse in 2 hrs.) from Teplitz to PilkaUf from
which the summit is easily attained in one hour.

Mariaschein (Anker), built in 1705, 3 M. to the N. of Teplitz
(rail. Stat., see p. 296), is a great resort of pilgrims; ^/^hi, thence is
the Wilhelmshohe, commanding a view of Teplitz ; also the Rosen-
burg^ affording a survey of the valley. In the vicinity is the small
town of Oraupen, About 1 hr. above Graupen rises the Mücken-
thürmchen (2623 ft.; *Inn), one of the highest points of the Erz-
gebirge. Near Graupen are extensive mines of brown coal.

The small town otDnx (Krone; Ross; Rail Rertaitr.)^ SM. to the S.W.
of Teplitz (railway in 20 min.), a manufacturing place, contains a Schlots
(adjoining the church with its three red towers) of ()ount Waldstein, a
descendant of the celebrated Wallenstein. It contains pictures by Rubens''
Dou, and iVctocA«r, Wallenstein''s portrait by Van Dycky and various memo-
rials of the great generij (no admission). The reservoir In the entrance-
court was made of the metal of guns captured by Wallenstein. The
greater part of the chateau is of more modem date. — Bailway from Dux
to Bodenbach, see p. 295; to BiHn^ Prague^ and Saaz^ see p. 801.

At the foot of the Erzgebirge, 3 M. farther W. (railway in 10 min.),
is the small town of Oaaecg (Kaiser von (Esterreich)^ with the red-roofed
buildings of the wealthy Cistercian abbey of Ossegg (beautiful gardens).
In a ravine, s/« br. farther on, is the ruined castle of Riesenhurg. We re-
turn to (6 H.) Teplitz either by railway vift K9sUn^ or by road vii (3 M.)
Klostergrab (Bathhaus), a small and ancient mining-town at the base of the
Erzgebirge, near which is the Königshügel (1362 ft.), a good point of view.

The Battle-Field of Eulm lies near Arbesau^ li/s H. to the K. of Kulm
(railway-station, p. 295). The old post-road Arom Kulm to Dresden ascends by
numerous windings to Nollendor/^ where on 29th Aug., 1813, several bloody
Rkirmishes took place between the Russian and Austrian troops on one
Iside, led by the King of Prussia in person, and the Austrian gener«

SAAZ. 44, BouU 301

CottAt GoUoredo, and the French under Vandamme. On the 90th, Prussians
under Kleist advanced through the numerous defiles of the neighbourhood
and decisively terminated the battle in favour of the allies. The entire
French corps, consisting of nearly 40,000 men, was obliged to surrender.
Monuments in commemoration of the victory have been erected by the
Russians, Austrians, and Prussians.

45. From Prague to Carlsbad and Eger.

149 M. Railway (Buschtiehrad Line) in 8V2-IOV4 hrs. \ in summer, ex-
press in 6 hrs.

The train starts from the Stoats- Bahnhof (p. 281) , crosses the
Moldau, and skirts the town (Kleinseite) in a wide curve. On the
right hank lies the Bubnaer and Sandihor Station (p. 281). 6 M.
Welealatoin ; 8M. Libotz» To the left rises the Weisse Berg, on the
N.W, slope of which lies the SUm (p. 294). 9 M. Rusin; 11 V2 M.
Hostiwitz; 131/2 M. Jene; 171/2 M. Vnhoscht-, 20 M. Wejhybka,

From Wkju^bka to Kkalup, 17 V« M., branch-line in IV4 hr., traversing
the rich Kladno coal-district. Stations Ktadno , Bu»ehtiehrad (2 M. to the
K. is the castle of that name, the property of the Emperor, with extensive
coal-mines). At stat. Brandeial the line crosses the Prague and Teplitz
high-road, and passes several large iron-foundries. Stations Zakolan^ Wot-
wateitZy and Kralup (p. 297).

A tramway leads from Wejhybka to the S. to Rinholetz^ with ex-
tensive iron -works belonging to Prince Fürstenberg. In the Rakonitz
TaUeff, 9 M. to the S., is PUralUt, a chateau and estate of the same noble-
man. This estate is about 200 sq. M. in area.

231/2 M. Smecna^Sterhherg ; 30 M. Lana; 32 M. Neustraschitz ;
then for a long way through wood. To the right of (35 M.) Rene
are the heights of the Sbanwcdd» 40 M. iMSchna-Lischan (branch-
line to Rakonitz and Beraunj p. 309); 431/2 M. Krupa; 46 V2 M-
Milostin-Kounowa. The line crosses a wooded hill and enters the
vaUey of the Tmowa, 521/2 M. Saikau-Tesehnitz ; 571/2 M. Mieheloh ;
621/2 M. Tmowan (to the right Sehloss Dobritschan , with a small
mineral-hath). The train then crosses the £j^er,and reaches (651/2 M.)
8aai (Engel ; HanUick), an old town on the right bank of the Eger,
with 12,400 inhab., a stronghold of the Hussites in the 15th cent.,
and in yain besieged by the Germans in 1419. The old Decanats-
kirehe was founded in 1383, the Rathhaus in 1559. Around the
town are extenslTe fields of hops.

Fbom Saaz to Dux , 27 M. , railway in V/t hr. — Stations LUchan^
Postelberg (where the train quits the Eger and turns to the N.), F>otscherad,
SeidowitZj and Obemitz, junction of the Brilx and Prague Railway (see
below), where the line enters the Bielathal. «23 H. Sauerbrunn (^Curhaus,
with restaurant), whence upwards of 1,000,000 bottles of the well-known
Biliner Sauerbrunnen water are exported annually. To the right rises
the BiUner i9/etn, or Bor sehen (1755 ft.), the largest mass of clinkstone,
or phonolite , in Germany. Then (24 M.) Bilin (Hohes Haus ; Löwe), a
manufacturing town on the Biela, with a chateau belonging to Prince
Lobkowitz, and the junction for the Bielathal railway (to Aussig in 2 hrs.,
see p. 296). — 27 M. Dux, see p. 800.

From Saaz to Pilsent see p. 810.

The line enters the valley of the Saubach. 70 M. Hotaiitz;
74 M. Priewn, a large Tillage (970 inhab.) with iron -works and
a mineral spring. Then (80 M.) Komotau (^Seherber; Reiter; *Raü-»

302 BouUdö. KAADEN. From Prague

way Reataiurant) , an old and wealthy little town (10,000 inhab.)
with a late - Gothic church , at the foot of the Erzgebirge. About
1/2 M. from the town is the Public Park, a faTOorite xeaort of the
inhabitants.

Fbox Komotau to Tbplitz, 29 M., railway in 2 hrs. 3^/2"^.. Udtoitz-
Oörkau has considerable cotton-factories. On the slope to the left the white
chateau of RotfunTmtu , the seat of Countess Buquoy. Stations Wurzmes^
HolUchitz-Seestitdtly TriebBckitz; then (13 tf.) Brfix (Ros»; Löwe; Adler; Rail.
ResUmr.L a thriving town with 9Ö36 inhab., with a late-Oothic church and
old-fashioned Rathhaus, commanded by a ruined castle. About 6 M. to
the S. of Briix, on the road to Saaz, are the sources of the mineral
springs of PUllna.

[Fbom Bbüx to Pbaoüe, 88 M., railway (Prag-Dttxer Bahn) ih 5 hrs.
Stat. Obemiiz (junction of the Saas and Dux line, see above) ; 9 H. J7ocA«
petsch^ a little to the N. of which are the mineral springs of Saidschite;
18V2 M. LauHy a small manufacturing town (5560 inhab.) on the Eger^
44 M. Schlan^ on the Rothe Bach^ a thriving town of 807O inhab., with ex-
tensive coal-pits in its vicinity. Farther on, the line crosses the Kralwp-
Kladno and the Prague-Kontotau railways (see above), anA finally reaches
the W. station of (88 M.) Prague (p. 281).]

To the right beyond Briix are several basaltic peaks, while in the
distance rises the Biliner Bor»ehen (see above). Farther on is the chain of the
Mitielg^irge , with the pyramid of the Milesehatter (p. 800). To the left,
at the foot of the Erzgebirge, lies the Abbey of Ossegg ; in the ravine b^ond
it the ruin of Rietenburg (p. 800). Stations RaUehit»; lYesehemf 28 M.
Dux (p. 297) \ 29 H. Teplitz (p. 300).

Fbom Komotad to Ghbmnitz, railway by Reiigenhaki (86 M.) in 51/4-8,
or by Weipert and Annaberg (82 H.) in .7V4 hrs. The first stations on the
latter line are Tsehemovfitz and Donrina-SehihUind. Then (SO'/s M.) Krima-
Neudorf^ where the line to Reitzenhain diverges. 23V2 M. Sonnenberg^ a
small town with a conspicuous church. 27 M. Preisnitz-Reisehdorf \ Press-
nitz (3487 inhab.) is the home of numerous itinerant musicians. At (30 M.)
Kupferherg the line reaches its culminating point (2830 ft.), whence it
descends via Schmiedeberg and along the Saxon frontier to (44V2 V.) Weipert
(^95 ft.), a town with 6400 inhab. (custom-house examination). From
Weipert via Annaberg to Chemnitz, see Baedeker"» N. Oermany. — From
Schmiedeberg a road leads by (4Vs M.) Ober'Wiesenihal(^9&0ii.\ Deutscher
Kaiser, &c.) to (21/2 M.) Oottesgab (3300ft.; Grunee Haus; Stadt Berlin),
the most loftily-situated town in Austria, once the centre of a busy mining
industry. The fiehtelberg (3865 ft.), the highest monntain in Saxony, saay
be ascended from Ober-Wiesenthal in V« br. ; at the top is a atone tower,
which commands an extensive view and formed an important station in
the trigonometrical survey of Central Europe. From Gottesgab we may
proceed by Joachimsthal to (9 H.) Schlackemoerthy see below. The Keilr
berg or Sonnemcirbel (4060 ft.), the highest summit of the Ersgebii^e,
may be ascended from the Gottesgab road in 1 hr. (extensive view).

The train to Carlsbad returns for a short distance on the rails
just traversed, and then ti^rns to the S.W. 84Y2M. Deutsch-'Kralup.
— 8772 M. Kaaden-Brunneradorf, 21/4 M. to the S. of which, on the
Eger, lies Kaaden (Sonne ; Grüner Baum), a very old town with an
interesting gateway and fine Rathhaus tower. Outside the town
is the handsome late -Gothic Franciscan church, with a monastery
and pilgrimage-stations sculptured in stone. Fruit is extensively
cultivated in this neighbourhood.

92 M. Klosterle (RaXhha,ns) , a small town belonging to Count
Thun, with a new Rathhaus and a considerable porcelain-manu-
factory. The train crosses the Eger and follows the pretty Egerthal,

to Eger. ELBOQEN. 45. Route. 303

SeTeial unimportant stations. It then quits the Eger and follows
the Wistritxbadi to the right, through a hilly district. 1071/2 M.
SehkLckenwerth (Renthaus ; Adler), an old town with a chateau and

park of the Grand Duke of Tuscany.

A post-road leads hence to the N. through the Erzgebirge to (Ö72 M.)
Joachimsthal (2365 ft. ; «iSr^ocK Dresden; Wilder Mann), a town of 6336 inhab.,
with a modem chnrch and a civic library. The word Hhaler** is derived
from the coins CJoachimsthaler'*) struck here by Count Schlik in the
16th cent., but the mining here is now insignificant. — From Joachimstbal
to Gottesgab and Schmiedeberg, see above.

The fine now turns towards the S.W. to the station of (117 M.)
CarUbad (p. 306), which lies on the opposite bank of the Eger^
1 M. from the railway (cabs and omnibus, see p. 306).

Beyond Carlsbad the railway quits the Eger , which from this
point to Elbogen flows through a profound and tortuous rocky ravine,
and turns towards the N. in a wide curve to (124 M.) Chodau and

(I26V2 M.) Elbogen-NeuaatUl.

A short branch-line runs hence in 20 min. to the small town of
Etbogen, a visit to which forms a pleasant day's excursion from Carlsbad,
Franzensbad , etc. Stat. Helenen - SchacM, with extensive coal-pits and a
large glass-factory, producing about 80,000 bottles a day. The train then
passes the VincetixUchcicht, the KatharineMchaeht, and the pleasant village
of Qrünlae, and reaches BlboK«n iWeUte* Rot*; Birtch-y Scherbaum ^ near
the suspension bridge), which derives its name (^elbow'') from the sudden
turn taken by the Eger round the rocky eminence on which the town
lies. The old castle, originally that of the Margraves of Vohburg, sub-
sequently of the Hohensfcaufen, was founded in 870, and is now a prison
(fine view; visitors admitted on application to the authorities). The
llathhaus contains a fragment and a model of a meteoric stone found here,
termed the ^Verwünschte Markgraf^ (accursed count"), to which various
traditions attach. Large porcelain-factories. — From the station a plea
sant walk may be taken up the beautiful, wooded Oeiertbachthal to the
Schiesshaus (plain refreshments): we cross the Eger by the ^Ziegel-
brücke^ climb the hill to the high-road, and beyond it ascend the
valley. We may then return by the road to the Chain-biHdge ^ suspended
80 ft. above the Eger, and follow the new road to the town ; or by the
bridge descend to the Eger and follow the river through the Kolowral
Tunnel and past the Villa Walenda. — In the cemetery is a curious group
of rocks, called the ^Spitzige Stem*. A picturesque and shady road leads
hence along the Eger to (3 H.) Hans Heiling^e Rock (p. 309), and then by
Aieh (boats for hire, a pleasant trip) to Carlsbad (p. S05).

The line now re-approaches Uie Eger. 131 M. Falkenau (Anker),
with a chateau of Count Nostitz.

From Faucbmau to Oiuslitz , 14 M. , railway in lyt hr. The train
ascends the valley of the Zwodau or Zwota^ passing Davidsthal and Harten-
berg, with a chateau of Count Auersperg. Beyond (8 M.) Bleisladt^ a
small and ancient mining town, it pi^sses through a tunnel 200 yds. long
and reaches (11 M .) Annetthal-RothaUy about 3 H. to the E. of which is the
small town of Heinriehsgrün. 14 M. Oraslitx (1640 ft. ; Kaiser von (Ester-
reich ; Herrenhaus), an industrial town with 7860 inhabitants. About 47« M.
to the N., beyond tiie Saxon frontier, lies Klingenthal, whence a branch-
railway runs to Zwota, on the Chemnitz and Adorf railway (see Baedeker"*
N. Orrnanp).

1331/2 M. Zicditz; 137 M. Dassnitz; 140 M. Königsberg -Maria-
kulm. The old piovostry of Mariakuün, 3 M. to the N., with a
much-frequented pilgrimage -church, is said to have been once a
haunt of robberS; the bones of whose victims are shown in a vault.

304 BouU45. KGER. From Ptague

142 M. MostaU'Nebanitz; I46V2M. Tirschniit, Janction of the
direct line to Franzenabad (comp. p. 62). The train now crouefi the
Eger, and reaches —

149 M. Eger, Bohem. Cheb, or Ohr^ (^WazeVg Höid Kaiser WiL-
helm, at the station, R., L., & A, from 1^2 fl* ; *Zwei Ershertoge,
in the *Ring', next door to the post-office ; Kronprinz Budolf, Bahn-
hof-Str.; BcUL BestaurJ, ontheJE^er, with 17,148 inhab.) formerly
a free imperial town and fortress , situated at the foot of one of the
spurs of the Fichtelgehirge. The fortifications were rased in 1809.
In the Burgomaster' 8 House in the 'Ring', on 25th Feb., 1634,
Wallenstein was assassinated by the Irishman Devereux (tickets ob-
tained to the right of the entrance, 30 kr.). The rooms in the upper
story, which Wallenstein occupied before his death, contain a Mu-
seum of antiquities and curiosities of various kinds, including several
mementoes of the great general, most of them of doubtful genuineness
(the partisan with which he was assassinated, his sword, his writing-
table, etc.). A worthless picture designates the foul deed as the
^Execution of the General of Friedland.' A second represents the
treacherous murder of Wallenstein's officers Illo, Terczky, Kin sky,
and Neumann, with the names of the perpetrators of the deed, Cols.
Butler, Gordon, Leslie, Geraldin, and 50 soldiers. The so-called
portrait of Wallenstein , which is also shown , differs from other
authenticated likenesses. The Council Chamber contains portraits
of the emperors from Leopold I. onwards. The castellan shows

the curiosities.

Albert von Waldstem (or Wallenstein), scion of an ancient Bohemian
family, was born in 1583, became a Roman Catholic in 1599 j and studied
at Bologna and Padua. He then entered the Imperial military service,
and soon afterwards, by marriage and inheritance, came into possession
of a vast fortune. In 1625 , by permission of the emperor, he raised an
army of 40,000 men to oppose the Protestant League of Lower Saxony, waa
created marshal, and marched to the assistance of Tilly in the Ducliy of
Brunswick. In 1628 he conquered the Duchy of Mecklenburg, with the
exception of the fortress of Stralsund, which intrepidly resisted tiis attacks.
The duchy was then presented to him by the emperor as a reward. In
1630, however, in consequence of his turbulent and ambitious disposition,
he was discharged from the service and retired to his estates in Bohemia,
where he lived in regal splendour. Meanwhile Oustavus Adolphus had
landed in Pomerania, defeated Tilly at Breitenfeld, and was advancing
into S. Germany. At this juncture Wallenstein, at the request of the
emperor, resumed his command, levied an army of 40,000 men, and
marched against the Swedes and Bavarians. Gustavus Adolphus in vain
endeavoured to storm Wallenstein's camp at Nuremberg, 6th Sept., 1632,
but signally defeated him at Liiteen on 6th Nov., where the Swedish
monarch himself lost his life. Wallenstein tiien returned with his army
to Bohemia, where he thenceforth remained inactive, but awakened the
suspicion of the emperor by his alleged intrigues with the Swedes and
French. He was accordingly declared an outlaw, and on 25th Feb., 1634,
his eventful and magnificent career was terminated by the hands of
assassins at Eger.

The Imperial * Castle, situated in the angle formed by a bastion
of the old fortifications, on a rock above the river, N.W. of the
town, erected by Frederick Barbarossa about the year lldO, aod

to Eger, FRANZENSBAD. 45, Route. 305

once inhabited by kings and emperors , is now a ruin. The lofty

square tower, constructed of blocks of lava , belongs to the ancient

castle which stood here before the time of Barbarossa. The elegant

double Chctpd, the lower Romanesque (1183), the upper pointed

(1295), is a very interesting structure.

Of the adjoining banquet-room, in which the above-znentioned officers
of Wallenstein were murdered a few hours before Dev«reux assassinated
his general, the arches of the windows now alone remain* Since the
perpetration of that crime, a sad blot alike on the memory of the as-
sassins (most of them Irish and Scottish) and of the emperor who was
privy to the deed, the castle has never been inhabited. The court-yard
IS now a garden. The terrace, 80 ft. above the Eger, commands a pleasing
prospect; to the £., in the direction of the stream, rise the three towers
of Jiarictkuha (p. 903). The casemates are still well preserved, and indeed
externally the castle almost resembles a modern fort with a drawbridge.

The Church of St. Nicholas ^ founded in 1111 , completed in
1272, in the pointed style, with nave and aisles of equal height,
supported by eight pillars, is a fine structure , containing some old
paintings by Lucas (15th cent.), discovered in 1856.

EzcDBSiONS 7BOU Egxk. Kammerbühl (1640 ft.), an extinct volcano
described by Qoethe, 2V4 M. to the N.W. ; the castle of Kinsberg^ 41/2 M.
to the S. of Sger, affording pleasing views of the neighbouring valleys;
the Oriinberg (l96S ft.) with the Chapel of St. Anne, commanding distant
views ; the abbey of Waldsatsen (railway-station ; p. 63), founded in 1128
and secularized in 1803*, Alexandertbad (p. 80) , Marienbad (p. 811), etc.

franzeiiBbad (Post, *Hübner, both in the Kaiser-Str. ; ^British

Hotel f Brandenburger Thor^ Park-Str.; Erzherzogin Gisela, Bahn-

hof-Str.; Kaiser von GEsterreich, Louisen-Str. ; *König8villa, *MüUer's

Hotel, Salzquell-Str. ; Hölzer, Kreuz, KulmeiStr.] Stadt Leipzig,

Kirchengasse; Förster^ s Hotel Qami), a watering-place 3 M. to the

N. of Eger (railway in 12 min.), possesses a chalybeate and saline

spring impregnated with carbonic acid gas, called the Egerhrunnen,

and used for bathing and drinking , and also ]uud and gas-baths.

It contains 2000 inhab. and is visited annually by 10,000 patients.

Over the Franzensquelle is a temple from which a long colonnade

leads to the Gursaal. The park contains a statue of Francis I., the

founder of the baths, in bronze, designed by Schwanthaler.

BxcuBSioMS. To the N.W. to the C/« hr.) AntonienMhe (1620 ft.), and
to the castles of Seeberg (11/4 hr.) and Liibenstein (2 hrs.), all fine points of
view; N. io 8chönberg and Wildstein (each 2 hrs.); 8., to the (1/2 hr.) Cßfi
Miratnonie, and thence to the (V4 hr.) Kammerbühl (see above) and to the
(V4 hr.) ßieehenheiut (Restaurant), prettily situated amid wood, with a
charming view.

46. Carlsbad.

Hotels. *6band Hotel Pupp (PI. a), beside Pupp's Etablissement;
GoLDBNSB SoHiLD (PI. b)^ With 3 d^peudauces , between the Becher-Platz
and the Keue Wiese; ^Hotsi. Akgbb (PI. c), in the Neue Wiese, on the
right bank of the Tepl; ^Stadt Hannovbb, in the market-place; Hotel
DB RussiB (PI. e), Pabadies (PI. f), both in the Eaiser-Str., opposite the
Curhaus. — Second-class: Hotel National (PI. g), Gartenzeile*, Donau
(PI. h), Park-Str.; Hotel Lyon (PI. i), Bahnhofstrasse; Dbbi Fasanen,
Eirchengasse; Hopfbnstock, Geweidiggasse , good cuisine (the last five
open the whole year); ^Ebzhebzoo Eabl, Kirchengasse; ^Mobqbnstebn,
Kaiser-Str.; Hotel Loib, RheinischbbHof, Geweihdiggasse; Baiebischeb

Baedekeb's S. Germany. 6th Edit. 20

306 BouUiß. CARLSBAD. Hotels.

Hof, Eger-Str. (for paMing travellers). Charges vary with the seaaon. —
Furnished apartments easily procured without first stopping at a hotel (En-
quiry-office in the Nordische Hof, Kreuzgasse). The best situations are
the *Alte^ and ^Neue Wiese\ the Market, Park-Strasse, and the Sehlossberg
(Hdtels gamis: Königs- Villa, Vicioria, König von Dänemark^ Haus Humboldt ^
Europa^ Englisches Haus, König von England, etc.). Charges are lower at
the beginning and at the end of the season. It is advisable to reduce the
terms of the lease to writing.

Oafei. *Pupp's Cafi- Balon, Alte Wiese (open-air concert several times
weekly;-, * Stadtpark; * Elephant; Theater-Ct^fi, next the theatre; Impirial,
near the chalybeate spring, large new establishment; Btadi Hamburg, Kreuz-
gasse. — Bestenranti. *Pupp*s, next door to the Caf^-Salon(8ee above) ; *Kur-
haus; Stadtpark; * Salle de Saxe, Goethe-Platz ; Oesterreichiseher i7o/, Neue
Wiese; Loib''s Hotel, *Hop/enstock, see above; * Morgenstern, Kaiser-Str.;
Sanssouci, Riesweg; Römer, Stadt Leipeig, Geweihdiggasse ; Blauer Stern,
Pragergasse; Sehützenhaus ; König von Sachsen, Keue Wiese. — Wine:
Richter, Stark, both near the Roman Catholic Church; Friedet, Dr. Becher-
Platz; Weisshaupt de Kareis, Alte Wiese.

Kwading Boom in the Curhaus, 15 kr. daily, 70 kr. weekly, 2 fl.
monthly, well supplied with newspapers, with a room for ladies.

Theatre, I^eue Wiese. — Summer Thecttre, above the Caf^ Sanssouci
(performances daily).

Visitor a' Tax for stay of a week or more : 1st class 10 fl., 2nd el. 6 fl.,
3rd cl. 4 fl. ; children and servants 1 fl. — Music Tax: for each family,
according to number, Ist cl. 5-17, 2nd ol. 3-8, 3rd cl. 2-6 fl.

Oaba. From or to the station, with one horse 1 fl. 20 kr., with two
horses 2 fl. (at night 1 fl. 80 or 3 fl.). In the town, per 1/4 hr. 60,
^ hr. 80, each additional 1/4 hr. 20 kr.t with two horses per V< hr. 1 fl.
20 kr., eaoh additional V« '^'* ^ ^^- At night (6 p.m. to 6 a. m.), one
half fare more. Drive to Aich. Dallwitz, or Pirkenihammer, 2 or 3 fl., Ac.

Omnibna from the station 10 the town 40 kr., each article of luggage
10 kr.

Donkeya (incl. fee> : whole day 4Vsi half day 3 fl. ; to Hirschensprung
or Dreikreuzberg l»/« fl.; to the spring oO kr.

Sprudelstein wares in the Alte Wiese ; ''Inkrustate" (deposits formed by
the mineral waters) at Tchammerhöirs, at the back of the Sprudel Colon-
nade. — Carlsbad Wafers ('Oblaten'*; are esteemed a delicacy; good at
Barbara Beycr''s, Königshof.

English Ohureh Service during the season at 11 and 4 p.m., in St. Luke's
Church.

Carlsbad (1165 ft.), a celebrated watering-place, with 10,800
inhab. and upwards of 25,000 visitors annually, the waters of which
are especially efficacious in liver-complaints, is situated In the valley
of the Tepl , the pine - clad slopes of which are rendered accessible
by paths In all directions. The springs, according to a groundless
tradition, are said to have been discovered In 1347 by Emp. Char-
les rv. while hunting , In consequence of which a statue has been
erected to him near the Rathhaus. Their chief Ingredients are sul-
phur , salt , and carbonate of soda. They rise near the Tepel from
beneath a very hard kind of rock, known as Sprudelschale, or Sprudel-
decke , a crust from which, wherever it is broken through , the
boiling water gushes up with great violence. The greater part of the
town is built upon this crust, under which It Is believed that
there exists a vast common reservoir of the mineral water, known
as the 'Sprudelkessel'. The steam of this subterranean cauldron
escapes through artificial apertures made in the rock, which , on
account of the thick incrustations rapidly deposited by the water,

1^

M

>

sySÄ Sprudel. CARLSBAD. 46. Route, 307

•* .1

. , •..; require to be cleared and enlarged every three months. If the usual

,"';';•' «gress of the water and gas Is obstructed at any one spot, they rise

f^,/, ■; ^dth augmented force at the other orifices , and have even been

^^ ; "i^ to force a new passage for themselves, to the imminent

[■•;.--:{:.^Laiig&[ of the dwellings above. At the time of the earthquake of

;\r:^V;^lsbon the Sprudel ceased to flow for three days. There are in all

-^"'^^^^ineteen springs, which vary in temperature from 48** to IGB^'Fahr.

*■'.; I .and are used both for bathing and drinking. About 3,000,000 bottles

^ ;";^f the water and 90,000lb8. of the salt are exported annually.

The oldest, most copious, and hottest (167** Fahr.) of these
^ iprings is the ^Sprudel (PI. 6), on the right bank of the Tepel,
J^hich rises in a volume about 172 ft- in diameter and 3 ft. (for-
^»erly 5-6 ft.) in height, and every few minutes suddenly springs
^10 a height of 20-25 ft. Near it are the Hygeia-QueUe (166®) with
.vft-*\ ^' statue of Hygeia byFemkorn, and tlie ßprudel-Säuerling. These
''C^v^V Wrings are enclosed within the elegant */8|pru(2e{ Colonnade(Pl. 12),
Pi^^tj^^tected by Fellner and Hellmer in 1878-79. The MüfUbrunnen-
'*'H^ f^lonnade (PI. 10), a handsome stone colonnade in the Corinthian

p.Ä^yutyle, completed in 1880, encloses the Mühlbrunnen (Pi, 10; 126"),
^^^eubrunnen(Ph 11; 140^, Theresienbrunnen (VI, 13; 138^, Bem-
' ^f^rds-Brunnen (PI. 1; 150**), and Elisabeth - Quelle (PI. 3; 110*^.
jjjl^otween this colonnade and the Curhaus is the Felsenquelle (PI. 4;
*3^i^ 57**), in the Strangers' Hospital is the SpitalqueUe (PI. 14; 95**),
f?v,vV.;.>. the Curhaus itself the Curhausquelle {P\, 8; 149*^, and in the

" . , the Ä^oiscrgwcHc (PL 6; 120^) and flbcÄ-

the market-place rise the Marktbrunnen
Kaiser KarVs Quelle {V\. 7; 113**), and on the
'^cent Schlossberg is the Schlossbrunr^en {Vl. 12; 126**), oppo-
which is the Russische Kronquelle (PI. 2; 95**). Below the
ö;r^' '-jlweizerhof (p. 308) is the Dorotheen-Säuerling (59**), and on
'f slope of the Dreikreuzberg rises the Eisenquelle (48**). Part
the water of the Theresienbrunnen is conducted by pipes to the
f»';':"^. jolonnade in the park , adjoining the new Concert Saloon^ where
■^;•^■rt is used for drinking. There are six Bath-houses with 230 baths
" ^ymineral, mud, vapour, etc.) in different parts of the town.

:•• At a very early hour, in the height of the season (June and July)

efore 5 a.m. , the water-drinkers repair to the various springs for

eir morning draught. At the Mühlbrunnen and Sprudel, where a

and plays from 6 to 8, the crowd is usually so great, that the patients

ave to wait about 1/4 hr. before their turn for a glass of water

omes round again. The band also plays on Sun. afternoon in the

tadt-Park, on Tues. and Thurs. afternoon in the Pupp'sche Park,

and on Wed. and Frid. in the Posthof, while evening concerts are

; ,^^ given at Sanssouci, the Salle de Saxe, and the Curhaus.

The favourite walk is through the Alte WiMe, with its tempt-
UlINi^ ing shops, and the Pupp' sehe AUee^ and then by the Kiesweg , which
,1^^ follows the course of theTepl, to the (3/4M.) Cafi Sanssouci. The

20*

'» .t .'0 ",'.'

" • '.«"i

30^ Route 46, CARLSBAD. Alte WUse.

rooks by the side of the road bear inscriptions in several different
languages, gratefully extolling the efficacy of the springs. A little
farther on , by the Oarlsbrücke, the Vieruhrpromencuie, or *Four-
o'clock Walk' (being in the shade after 4 p.m.) diverges to the
right. An avenue of poplars leads hence to the (8/4 M.)*Ca/'^Po«t-
hofj v<rith its pleasant garden. On the opposite bank of the Tepl is
the *Cafi8ehonbrunn^ near which are theDorotheen^SäueHing and
the *Caf£8chvjeiterhof, From the Posthof we ascend past the Antons-
ruhe and the StatUbueke to (3/4 M.) the Freundschafts-Saalj another
G9,i4f where a military band often plays. About ^2 ^* farther on is
the romantic *Kai8erpafkj from which we may extend our walk,
passing the restaurant in the Mühlgrund and crossing the Tepl, to
(l*/4 M.) Pirhenhammer (Caftf Leibold), with its large porcelain-
factory. In returning we may follow the shady Tlobenweg' on the
right bank of the Tepl, crossing the river at the Posthof.

Walks in thb Entibons. From the market-place by the
Sehlossberg and the Hirschensprunggasse to the ^Hirschenaprung
(1635 ft.), with an admirable view of the town and the Erzgebirge
(adjacent a Caf^). The neighbouring TheresienhÖhe, the Peterahöhe,
with a memorial tablet and a bust of Peter the Great, and Mayer's
Oloriet , are also good points of view.

From the Goethe -Platz by the Mariengasschen to the Marien-
CapeUe , and thence by good paths , indicated by flnger-posts , to
the (V2 hr.) Fram-Josepha-Höhe (1670 ft.) and the Friedrich-Wil~
helmS'Platz, both of which afford good views of Carlsbad.

Over the Sehlossberg and past the Jägerhaus Kaiser Karl's IV.
(CafQ and Findlater's Obelisk to the (}/2 hr.) Katharinen'Platz, and
thence to (1/2 hr.) the Bild (1800 ft.) and (1/2 hr.) the '^Aberg
(1995 ft.; Restaurant), the tower on which commands an extensive
panorama of the Bohemian Erzgebirge.

Through the Sprudelgasse and the Andreasgasse, or through the
Schulgasse and the garden of the old Caf^ Panorama to the Prague
road, and then to the right to the (^4^1') Dreikreuzberg (1829 ft.),
an excellent point of view (Restaurant and Camera Obscura) ; then
through wood to the (15 min.) Körnig Ot^'s Höhe (1965 ft.; view
intercepted by trees), and to the (V2 br.) *Ewiges Leben (2086 ft.),
one of the highest points near Carlsbad, with an extensive view ;
descent past the PohUnhof to (V2 br.) Carlsbad.

Other good points of view are the Bellevue Temple , and the
Wiener " Sitz on the right bank of the Tepl, and the Freund-
sehafts-Sitz J the Belvedere, and the Rohan-Kreuz onthe left bank.

LoNOBB Excursions may be taken to (3 M.) DalVwitz (Restaur.
Zu Drei Eichen), a village on the left bank of the Eger (ferry from
Drahov)itz to the boat-houses), with beautiful oaks, extolled by
Kömer in his poems, a handsome chateau, a porcelain-factory, and
the Joseph MonumerU, erected in 1881 ; to (4^2 M.) AtcÄ, with a
restored chateau and a caf^; to (2 hrs.) flan« flet7in^'«22ocfc (p. 303),

KARLSTEIN. 47, RouU, 309

a wild and romantic spot on the Egei; to the (41/2 M.) Engel-
haus, on the Prague road, which commands charming views; to
Gieathubel'Puchsttin (Hotels) with a good alkaline mineral-spring
on the £ger, 9 M. below Carlsbad (omnibus daily in 1^/4 hr.). The
ascent of the Keilherg or Sonnenwirhel (4080 ft.) , the highest
summit of the Erzgebirge (pp. 302, 303) forms an attractive days
excursion from Carlsbad (omnibus twice a week in summer).

47. From Prague to Furth (Nuremberg, Munich),

118 M. Railway from Prague to Fürth in 6 hrs. From Prague to Nurem-
berg in 11 hrs. \ to Miinich in 14 hrs.

The train starts from the Smichow Stcition (p. 281) , and turns

to the S. into the valley of the Moldau. 2^2 ^* Knckelbad, at the

foot of a wooded hill, is a favourite resort of excursionists from

Prague. Beyond (51/2 M.) Radotin the line quits the Moldau and

enters the valley of the Beraun, which it crosses at Mokropetz. 12 M.

Dobrichowits ; 14 M. B&wnitz; 18 M. Karlstein (Restaurant).

On a precipitous rock above the last rises ^SoiblosB Karlstein (Karlun
Tyn, 1060 ft.), the most interesting castle in Bohemia, erected in 1348-57
by Emp. Charles lY., as a receptacle for the Bohemian regalia, and once
adorned with numerous treasures of art, most of which, however, have
been removed. The castle is surmounted by a tower 125 ft. in height, with
walls 13 ft. thick. The Chapel of the Cross in the tower, which is sumpt-
uously decorated with precious stones, gilding, and painting, formerly con-
tained the regalia, various relics collected by Charles IV., and the archives.
The pictures belong to the early-Bohemian school, and are of great hi-
storical interest. Adjoining the tower is the Emperor's palace, to which
he was wont to retire for solitary meditation. The small chapel of St.
Catharine in the palace is also embellished with precious stones. The por-
traits of Charles Iv., his consort, and his son, mural paintings executed
in the emperor's life time, are of special interest. The castle also con-
tains accommodation for a large retinue of knights and men-at-arms.

Beyond Karlstein the valley of the Beraun is confined within
narrow limits by imposing limestone rocks , but it expands at
(23 Y2 M.) Beraun (Böhmischer Hof; Adler), an ancient town with
o71U inhab., junction of the line to Bakonitz and Lu&na-Lischan
(p. 301). The train now enters the Litawa-Thal, — 29 M. Zditt.

From Zditz to PBOTmN, 63V2 M., railway in 4-5 hrs. The line tra-
verses the smiling Litawa^Iialy which is very picturesque at places. Sta-
tions Lochowitz^ Jinetz-Cenkau ; 17 M. Pribram (Kaiser von Oesterreich), a
town of 11,200 inhab., with valuable silver and lead-mines, which employ
5600 workmen and yield about 30 tons of pure silver annually. Seven-
teen shafts in all are worked, one of which, the Adalberti-Schacht, is
3350 ft. deep. The refining-works are very interesting. In the immediate
vicinity of the town rises the Heilige Berg, a favourite resort of pilgrims,
on which stands a church containing a miracle-working image ^ of the
Virgin.^ — Then stations MItn, Tochowitz, Bfezmtz, Mirowitz, Cimelitz,
Vraz. Ciiovd. -— 55 M. Piaek, a considerable town with 10,545 inhab. and an
old chateau, washed by the Wotiatoa. In the vicinity is the extensive
ehcuse of Prince Lobkowitz. 58 M. Putim, and lastly (63V2 M.) Protivin,
on the Franz-Joseph Railway (p. 813).

36 M. Horowitz, with a chateau and iron-^ works of the Prince of
Hanau. Near (43 M.) Zbirow, a small wayside-station with an inn,
the train passes some extensive iron -works established by Dr.

310 BouU47, PILSEN.

Strousbezg, but now discontinued ; on the hill to the right is the
handsome chateau of Zbirowy built by Dr. Strousberg and now
belonging to Prince Golloiedo-Mansfeld. The train then stops at
(45 M.) another station of the same name, used by passengers for
the small town of Afott^, iVs^* to the W.; at the station is a large
saw-mill. The line now leads through a thickly-wooded district. At
(48 M.) Holoubkau, is a large carriage-factory, which also once be-
longed to Dr. Strousberg. At (53 Y2 M.) Rokitzan (Adler), an in-
dustrial town with 4927 inhab., the country becomes more level.
The train follows the course of the Klabawa, passing the iron-
works of Kldbawa and Boromislitz, to (61 M.) Chrast^ whence a
branch-line diverges to Badnitz , which lies in a productive coal-
district. The line now re-enters the valley of the Beraun, crosses
the imposing Vslawa bridge, and reaches —

68 V2 M. PilBen {^Kaiser vonOesterreieh; ChldnerAdUr, Stadt-
platz; Rail, Restaur,, with rooms), an old town of considerable
imporUnce (38,883 inhab.), at the confluence of the Mies and the
Radbusa. It was formerly fortified, and successfully resisted several
sieges during the Hussite wars, but was taken by storm by Mans-
feld in 1618. Pilsen was in part the scene of the alleged con-
spiracy for which Wallenstein was placed under the ban of the
empire, and twenty-four of his adherents were executed in the
market-place here in 1634. The church of St. Bartholomew, and
the new Museum (daily 10-3, free, but donation for expenses
expected) are worthy of inspection. The Stephans-Platz is em-
bellished with a statue of Burgomaster Martin Kopecky (d. 1854).
The beer of Pilsen enjoys a high reputation ; the best is to be had
at Salzmann' s Bierhalle, The extensive rocky cellars of the old
brewery, hewn in the rock, are interesting. The new penitentiary
accommodates 900 inmates.

Fbom Pilsen to Saaz, 66 M., railway in 4 hrs. Most of the inter-
mediate stations are insignificant. 20 M. nasz. with a ch&teau of Prince
Mettemich; 41 If. Petersburff-Jechnitz, near the first of which (IVs M.
from the railway) are the ch&tean and park of Count Ceemin; iS*/« M.
Kriegern; 46Vs M. Rudig; öl'/z M. Fkniersam; 66 M. Saaz (p. 301).

Fkom Pilskm to Eisenstein, 69 M., railway in 3-4*/4 nrs. The most
important stations are: löV« K. PresHU; 237« M. 8chwihau; 30 M. Klattau
(Bail. Restaur.), a town with 8986 inhab. ; 40 M. Neuem C*&08S) ; 50 H. JETam-
mem-Eisenetraet (to the right the Oster^ p. 186). The train now traverses the
Spitzberg Tunnel^ 1910 yds. in length, and reaches (61 M.) Spitzberg (2732 ft.),
the highest point on the railway, on the watershed between the Danube
and the Elbe. It then descends by Markt-Eisenstein to (69 M.) Eisenstein,
the Bohemian frontier-station. Thence to Passau and Ralisbo», see p. 185.

From Pilsen to Eger, Budiceis, and Vienna, see £. 48.

76 M. NOraehan is another place with coal-mines and iron-
foundries. Beyond it the train skirts ChotSscJiau , a domain of the
Prince of Thurn and Taxis, with a chateau, formerly a nunnery.
83 M. Staaby a small town on the Radbusa; 92 M. Stankauj 97 M.
BUsowa (to the left, in the distance, the ruins of the Riesenburg') ;
104 M. Tausy an industrial town with 7364 inhabitants.

MARIENBAD. 48. Route, 311

Beyond Tans begins the monntainons Bohemian Forest, the
to west part of which the line traverses by means of. a number of cut-
lings and tunnels. The watershed (1680 ft.), the boundary between
the Bohemian and German languages , and the frontier of Bohemia
and Bavaria, is "between Böhmisch- and Deutsch- Kubitxen. The
character of the country and the villages undergoes a material alter-
ation as soon as the frontier is crossed. The line descends rapidly,
penetrates the Klopfelsberg by means of a tunnel, crosses the
Pastritz by a viaduct 700 yds. long, and reaches —

118 M. Fnrth (p. 176), junction of the Bavarian E, Eaüway.
From Fürth to Nuremberg, see R. 31.

48. From Eger to Vienna.

283 M. Bailway in ISVs-lSVs brs. (summer express in O^/« hrs.)

Eger J see p. 304. The train diverges to the left from the Ratis-
bon line, and crosses the Wondreh river. 10 M. Sandau ; 14 M.
Konigswart (2230 ft.; mues Badhötel-, *Ott; Bubert), a small
watering-place, with a chateau (adm. Mon., Wed., & Frid., 2-6,
fee) which has belonged to the Mettemich family since 1618, sur-
rounded by pleasure-grounds , and containing a library, a collection
of coins, minerals, and antiquities, family and other portraits, some
of them by celebrated painters , etc. The altar in the chapel was
presented by Pope Gregory XVI to Prince Metternich , the well-
known Austrian statesman. The Curhaus and a row of recently-
built villas lie on the hill , about ^2 ^* farther up, whence they
command a fine view of the valley and the mountains on the fron-
tier. The chalybeate springs are the most loftily-situated in Ger-
many ; the waters are used both internally and externally, and are
efficacious in cases of poverty of blood, incipient consumption, and
other ailments. Then (19 M.) stat. Marieribadj 2 M. from the town
(onehorse carr. 1 fl., two-horse 1 fl. 80 kr., omnibus 40 kr.

Xarienbad. — Hotels. ^Klinoeb, a large establishment with several
d^pendances (ffalbmayr^t Haus, Maxhof, Stadt Dresden); HdT. IxpteiAL;
Hot. Wbixab; •Nkptuh, *8tadt Hahbubo, ♦New Yobk, Stadt Leipzig,
all in the Kaiser -Strasse; *HdTEL Casino; Delphin, Bnqlisoheb Hof,
Stebn, moderate.

Lodging EouMs. TeplerHaus; Edbsbwgt Kaüerho/; Miramare; Ovi-
tenberg; *8ehloss Heitbronn; Europa; Borussia; Ocldner Adler; Rudolfs
Bo/; Wiener ff aus; Seidler^s Haus; Flora, — B. 8-16 fl. per week.

Oafte. *Bellefme; * Victoria; ^Panorama; Miramonte; KoeMtrhof; Bastar;
Ferdinandsmühle; JHanaho/; Jäaerlaube; Försterhaus; Maxthal; Kieselhof ^
and Kieselmühle (Egerländer^s , 2 M. from the town, prettily fitted up in
the style of a peasant's hut).

Bestauranta at most of the hotels and caf^s ^od table d^höte at
Elinger's at 1 p.m. 1 fl. 30 kr., at 2 p.m. 2 fl.). Also at the Kursaal,
Stadthaus, Tepler Haus, Löwenthal (Jewish), etc.

BngUah Church Bervioo dnring the season ; chaplain, Rev. Dr. Rolbins.
— Presbyterian Service (Church of Scotland), in the German Protestant
Church.

Marienhad (1980 ft.), a favourite watering-place (13,000 vi-
sitors annually) , situated in a charming valley enclosed on three

31 2 Route 47. MARIENBAD. From Eger

sides by pine-clad hills , lay in the midst of an almost impene-
trable wilderness at the beginning of the present century. It con-
sists of about 180 houses , most of which are new^ and contains a
handsome Roman CaikoUe Church , a new Synagogue, a Protestant
Church, a tasteful English Church (bmlt in 1879), a large MUitairy
CurhoHS (built in 1880), and a Theatre. The new StadihauB con-
tains the post and telegraph offices, a large hall for balls and con-
certs, and several reading and recreation rooms. The springs, which
contain Glauber's salt and are similar to those of Carlsbad, but cold,
are the property of the neighbouring Abbey of Tepl. The Kreuz-
brunnen, Ferdinandsbrunnen (1 M. distant, but brought in pipes to
the Promenaden-Platz), and the Waldquelle O/4M. from the Kreuz-
brunnen) are the principal springs used for drinking (1,000,000
bottles exported annuallyj. The Marienquelle is used externally, and
baths of the most various kinds (mud, pine-cone, alkaline, gas, etc.)
may be obtained at the bath-house here. The chalybeate waters
of the Ambrosiushrunnen and the Carolinenbrunnen and the strong
chalybeate and saline water of the Ferdinandsbrunnen are also
used for bathing. The Rudolfsquelle, to the S. of the Ferdinands-
brunnen, is strongly impregnated with carbonic acid. Music in the
Kreuzbrunn-Promenade, 6-7.30 a.m. and 6-7 p.m., and at the Wald-
quelle 11.30-12.30 o'clock.

The pine-forests immediately adjoining the town are intersected
in every direction by footpaths , provided with direction-posts , and
affording delightful walks. The Mecsiry Temple (20 min.), the only
open point of view on the N. side of the valley , affords a pleasant
survey of the basin in which Marienbad lies , with the Bohemian
Mts. in the distance. A more extensive view , which does not how-
ever embrace Marienbad , is commanded by the Hohendorfer Hohe^
40 min. to theE., and by i\iQ Jägerlaube, IY2 M. to the W., on the
road to Königswart.

The most extensive view of the Erzgebirge, Fichtelgebirge, and Bo-
hemian Forest is obtained from the baaaltic Podhom (2760 f t.)j 1V< hr. to the
E., not far from the Carlsberg road (carr. for four pers. 6fl., mcl. gratuity).

The wealthy Abbey of Tepl, to which the springs of Marienbad be-
long, 7 M. to the £. (carr. 7 fl.), possesses a library of some value, and
zoological and mineralogical collections. The old church exhibits th«
transition from the Romanesque to the Oothic style. The private chapel
is embellished with two large mural paintings by Fuchs, and numerous
objects of interest are distributed throughout the spacious apartments.

23 M. Kuttenplan; 26 M. Plan-Taehau station (Tachau lying
71/2 M. to the S.W.). At the extensive iron-works of (31 Y2 M.)
Josephihütte the train enters the pretty valley of the Mies. 40 M.
Schweissing ; 45 M. KieSf Bohemian Stfibro (Post), an old town
(4179 inhab.) with important lead and silver-mines (whence it is
sometimes called Silber stadt"). The Rathhaus in the Renaissance
style has been modernised. The Prager Thor, or Prague Gate, with
helmet-shaped roof, is a fine structure of the 16th cent., deserving
inspection.

to Vienna. BUD WEIS. 48, Route. 313

5IV2M. Neuhof; 55 M. TJllitz-Plesehnitz; 59 M. Tuschkau-
Kosolup; 66 M. PUMn (p. 310). The line traverses the wooded
Vslawa-Thal towards the S. ; to the left on the hill the ruins of
the castle otReieh^hard.^ 72 M. Filsenetz; 74 M. Stiahlau; 8OV2M.
Blowitz ; 83 M. Zdiar-ZdWetz. Farther on , the chlteau of Qtun-
berg , the property of Count OoUoredo , rises on a wooded hill to
the right. 871/2 M. Nepomuk, the birthplace (in 1320) of John of
Nepomuk , the patron-saint of Prague. The Gothic church of St.
James , with Romanesque portals , occupies the site of the house
of the saint's parents, and contains a silver statue of him.

The line quits the Uslawa and traverses a lofty wooded plain.
95^2 M. Wolsckan, with a small lake ; iO^M.. HoraMiowitz, a thriv-
ing little town on the Wottawa , the picturesque valley of which the
train now enters . 108*/2 ^^Kattowitz ,- 1 1 3 M . Strakonitz, at the mouth
of the Wolinka; 118 M. Ceititz; 122 M. Raschitz-Pisek (>. 309).

The line here quits the Wottawa , which flows N. towards the
Moldau, and enters the valley of the Blanitz towards the S.E. 127 M.
ProHvin, junction for the line to Pribram and Rakonitz (p. 309);
I3IY2M. Wodnian. At Hussmeto on the Blanitz, 15 M. higher up,
John Huss was bom in 1369 (comp. p. 293). 1361/2 M. Nakri-
Netolitz. Then past the large Bestrewer Teiek to (144 M.) Frauen-
berg J I8/4 M. to the N. of which is Prince Schwarzenberg's magni-
ficent chateau of Frauenberg.

150 M. BadweiB (*Qlocke; Sonne; ''^Railway Restaurant) is a
prosperous town on the Moldau, with 23,845 inhabitants. The
Cathedral with its detached tower dates from 1500. By the Gothic
Piaristenkirche there are fine cloisters. The handsome Rathhaus is
situated In the Ring, a Platz surrounded by arcades.

Fboh Budwbis to St. Val^ktik, 74Vs M., railway in about 4 hrs. Sta-
tions Krumau (on the Moldau, 3 M. to the W., lies Prince Schwarzenberg's
large chateau of that name), UmlomtZy ZartUsdorf, Böhmisch- Hör schlag ^
SummeraUj Freistadt, K^ermarkt, JPregarten, Oaisbach (branch -line in
IV4 hr. to LinZy p. 251), Äfauthhausen (where the Danube is crossed), Si.
Valentin (p. 251). — Another branch-railway runs from Budweis to Wes-
sely (p. SKM).

162 M. Forbes^ near which is Trocnow^ the birthplace of Ziska ;
1721/2 M. QratMn, with considerable glass-houses , beyond which
the Bohemian and Austrian frontier is crossed.

181 M. Chnftnd (Railway Restaurant), a prosperous town at the
junction of the Braunaubach and the Lainsitz or lAMchnitZy and the
junction for Tabor and Prague (R. 60b). Then stations Purbach-
Sehrema, VitiSy Schwarzenau (diligence daily in 2^4 hrs. to Zwettl,
with a Romanesque church, dating from the 12th cent.). 207 M.
OöpfritZ'Qro88'8ieghart8 ;2ibM. Wappoltenreiihi 121 V2M. Hotzels-
dorf. 227 M. Sigmundeherberg -Horn , 5 M. to the W. is the little
town of Horn (Post; Lamm), with a chateau belonging to Count
Hoyos. In the cemetery is the old Gothic church of St. Stephen.

The Benedictine abbey of Altenburg, founded in 1144, lies 12 M. to
the S.W. of Horn-, 3 M. farther down the Kampthal is the chateau of

314 RouU 49, TETSOHEN. From Dresden

Rosetiburff^ an imposing edifice of the 16th cent., with five courts, a good
late-GoUiic chapel, and a toarnament-ground with double galleries.

Sigmondsherberg-Horn is connected with (12Vs M., in 1 hr.) Zeller»-
dor/ (p. 318) by a branch-line running vi» Fitlkau.

The line traverses the Manrihartsberg , ft range of Mils which

divides Lower Austria into two provinces. 233 M. Eggenburg, a

small and ancient town, still enclosed by walls and towers , and

containing the late-Gothic chnrch of St. Stephen. 239 M. Limberg-

Maiasau; 245 M. Ziersdorf; 250 M. Oroas^Weikersdorf.

At Wetzdorf, IVs M. to the N.W., is the Krieger- Walhalla (sometimes
called the Heldenberg) , a kind of temple of fame erected by a Herr
r. Pargfrieder to the army, with reminiscences of the campaigns of 1848
and 1819, statues, etc. It is now the property of the emperor and contains
the tombs of Marshal Badetzky (d. 1888) and Baron Wimpffen (d. 1854).

At (255 M.) Ab8dorf-Hypper8dorf(bid,nch-U.ike to Ärems, p. 257)
the line enters the broad valley of the Danube, and crosses the
river beyond stat. Neu-Aigen. 262 M. TuUn (p. 257). The right
bank of the Danube is now skirted ; on the right the hills of the
Wiener Wald. 264 M. LangenUbam; 2681/2 M. St. Ar^rä, beyond
which is Count Beust's chateau of Altenberg ; 270 M. Oreifenatein
(p. 257), where the line approaches the river ; 273^/2 M. Kritzen-
dorf, opposite which, at some distance from the river, are Komeu-
burg and the Bisamberg (p. 268). 277 M. Klostemeubnrg (p. 247).
Then along the base of the precipitous slopes of the Kohlenberg
to (278 M.) Kahlenbergerdorflp. 247); 279 M. Nussdorf, a favourite
resort of the Viennese ^ne view from the Bockkeller ; railway up
the Kahlenberg, seep. 246), and (283 M.) Vienna. The station
is in the Alsergrund, near the Liechtenstein Palace (p. 187).

49. From Dresden (Berlin) to Vienna by Tetschen

and Iglau.

322 M. Exp&sss Train {8äc?isische Staatsbahn to Tetschen; Oetter-
reichische Nordteestbahn thence to Vienna) in IIV4 hrs. — Steamboat, see
p. 294.

From Dresden to Niedergrund, see p. 294. Beyond Niedergrund
the train follows the left bank of the Elbe to the village of Ober-
grund (p. 295), where it crosses the river to (3872 ^0 Tetschen
(*H6td TJUrich; *8tem; Krone; Stadt Prag; *Dampf8chiff'H6tel,
at the steamboat-pier; Railway RestaurarU), a small town with
5660 Inhab., prettUy situated at the confluence of the Putsnitz, or
Polzen, with the Elbe, and connected with Bodenbach (p. 295)
by a chain bridge and a railway-bridge. The handsome chateau of
Count Thun , surrounded by pleasant gardens , once fortified, was
an important place during the Seven Years^ War.

Fbom Tbtsohbn to Böhmisch-Lbifa and NiMBUBOi 70 M., railway in
4Vse hrs. Stations Benten (branch-line to Wamsdor/ and Zittau), Franzens-
thal , Fiolitz-Sandau , Strausmitz-Neustadtl. 171/2 M. Böhmisoh-Leipa (*Alte
Post; Lamm), an old town on the Polzen, with 9090 inhabitants, and con-
siderable manufactures. The Kahlenberg (964 ft.; *Bestaur. at the top), a
basaltic hill laid out with promenades, */4^* ^ ^^ ^«i commands a pretty
view; still more extensive from the belvedere on the Spitzberg (14o0 ft.).

to Vienna. LEITMERITZ. 49. RouU. 315

2V4 M. to the K. From Ldpa branch-lines run K. to Äreibit^ITeudOrß
(Zittau) and Rumburff (Löbau) ; and E. to (Si/s M.) ReieJuladt, with an im-
perial chateau, and (11 M.) Niemu. — Pretty scenery, and several small
lakes. Stotions Rehdörfely Bäbstein, Birtehberg (with 2124 inhab.), TTol;««»,
Bö$ig (commanded by a ruin on a lofty rock), Weiutoauer; 48 H. Bakov, a
yillj^e on the /««r, the junction of the ITeratowitz and Tumau railway
(p. 327) and of a branch-line to Kopidlno. Then (&3V2 M.) Jungbunzlau
(*Lamm), a manufacturing town with 9680 inhab. , founded in the 10th
cent., but almost entirely destroyed during the Hussite and the Thirty Years^
Wars. It possesses a Gothic church of the 16th cent., disfigured by later
additions, an old Schloss converted into barracks, and a Bathhaus with
two towers dating from 1660. — The Iser is crossed. Stations DobratoitZy
Wlkawoy and (72 M.) Ntmburg (see below).

The NordweBtbahn , or Austrian N.W. Railway, by which we
are conyeyed beyond Tetschen , at first follows the course of the
Elbe and passes pleasing scenery. Stations Nesehwits, Tichlowitz,
Qrosa-Priesenf Schwaden. 54 M. Sehreckexutein (Bail. Bestaurant),
connected by a railway-bridge with Aussig on tbe left bank of the
Elbe (p. ^96). The train then passes below the ruin of Schrecken^
stein (jp. 29d), and reaches (60 M.) Sebusein (*Wirthshaus zum
Yerglssmeinnlcht), charmingly situated opposite ZclUsI (p. 296).

About 2 M. to the E. lies KvndratUz (Villa Henriettensruhe), a fa-
vourite and picturesquely-situated summer^resort. — A pleasant excursion
may be made by the Leitmeritz road and the Hühlenthal to (IV2 M.)
Tluieeny and thence to the right through the woods (guide desirable) to
the Jordonberg or EUberg (1810 ft.) and the (IVa M.) solitary church of
8t. Johann, which commands an admirable view of the valley of the
Elbe and the Mittelgebirge, with the ruin of Kamaik in the foreground.
The descent viA (V4 hr.LKamaik to Leitmeritz takes I'A hr.

66 M. Calositz - Uemosek, a village opposite Lobositz (p. 296),
yielding good wine.

70 M. Leitmeriti (Krebs; Adler; Hirsch; BcUlway Bestaurant)
Is a pleasant town (10,854 Inhab.) and an episcopal see, with seven
churches and a late-(^othlc Bathhaus of the 16th cent. , which is
embellished with a statue of Roland at the corner towards the
market-place. The Gemeindehaus contains a 'Cantionale', or choral-
book, of 1517, adorned with beautiful miniatures. The Provianthaus
(store-house), or Kelchhaus, as it is also named from its cup-shaped
tower (^Kelehy *cup', 'chalice'), built by a *utraquist' citizen in 1584,
bears witness to the fierce controversies regarding the use of the
cup in the Holy Communion, which raged in Bohemia at that time.
On the ground-floor is the Industrial Museum, The country round
Leitmeritz is so fertUe as to have earned the name of the 'Bohe-
mian Paradise\ The beer of Leitmeritz is much esteemed. An iron
bridge, 600 yds. in length, connects Leitmeritz with (IV2 M.) The-
resienstadt (p. 296), on the opposite bank of the Elbe.

A pleasant excursion of half-a-day may be made from Leitmeritz to
the Oeltichbtrg. We perform the first half of the journey by the omni-
bus which plies from Leitmeritz to Auscha twice daily, quitting it at
(IVs hr.; fare 60 kr.) IMbeschUz («Zur (^Idenen Sechs; *Stadt Salzburg),
a viUage with a chftteau. Thence we proceed to the N. to the (V4 hr.)
hamlet of TVno&rand, and then (guide desirable) by a steep and at places
verv narrow path (not suitable for ladies) to the top of the «OeltaoAbers
(2996 ft), a wooded basaltic cone , commanding a view of the whole of
K. Bohemia. The descent takes only 'A hr. — The nearest railway-

316 BouU49. KUTTENBEBG. From Dresden

station to Liebesohits is Polep,^ which may be reached by carriage in
IV« hr. (Care 2 fl.). The road via Autcka to Qtutorf (2Vs hrs., fare 9 fl.)
is uninteresting beyond Auscha. About 3 If . to the IV. of Auscha is the
hydropathic establishment of OeUiehbad^ in a pretty wooded district.

The train follows the course of the Elbe for some distance
farther and then quits the riyer, which here sweeps in a bold curve
towards the S. 74V2 M. Polep; 78 M. Qastorf; 82 M. WegstädU,
where the Elbe is again approached.

8ÖY2 ^* Liboeh lies at the beginning of the romantic Libocher
OründCj a series of tortuous ravines which stretch hence towards
the N. for many miles. In the vicinity stands the ^8lav>Jn\ a kind
of temple erected to the celebrities of Bohemian history, with bronze
statues by Schwanthaler. — 91 M. Xelnik (Qoldntt Lamm), a
town and domain belonging to Prince Lobkowltz, opposite the influx
of the Moldau in the Elbe. The hills on the right bank yield ex-
cellent wine. — 98 M. Vietat-Plivar (Rail. Restaur.), junction of
the Neratowitz and Tumau line (p. 327). 102 M. D^is; 106 M.
Alt-Bunzlau, opposite the old town of Brandeia on the left bank
(the chalybeate spa of Houschka is about ^2 ^' '^^"^ Alt-Bunzlau).
— 113 M. BdhmiBch-Lissa (RaiL Restaurant), with a chiteau and
park of Prince Rohan (branch -line via Wysocan to Prague,
p. 327); 118 M. Kostomlat, — I2IV2 M. Himburg (Railway Re-
staurant), an old town (5454 inhab.) with an interesting Gothic
church (brick with ornamentation in stone, 1282-1305) and exten-
sive locomotive factories. — Railway by Jung-Bunzlau to Bohr-
misch'Leipa and Tetschen, see pp. 315, 314.

The line now follows the right bank of the Elbe as far as Kolin.
I26V2 M. Podebrad (4400 inhab.) , with a Schloss and a chain-
bridge over the Elbe, was the birthplace of George Podiebrad,
King of Bohemia (d. 1421). 13iy2M. Oross-Wossek is the junction
for Alt'Paka and Trautenau (p. 326). Near (137 M.) Kolin (RaH-
way Restaurant) the line crosses the Elbe. — Austrian govern-
ment-railway to Vierma via Brunn, see R. 50.

143 M. Sedletz-Kuttehberg . Sedletz contains the old Gothic
church of St. Mary (1280-1320), the largest in this district; it is
an old abbey-church with double aisles, ambulatory, and radiat-
ing chapels, of which the original outlines at least have been pre-
served. There is also an extensive imperial tobacco-manufactory
in the old monastery buildings. A branch line runs from this sta-
tion in 13 min. to Kuttenberg (*Po8t ; Schwarzes Ross), an ancient
mining town with 13,154 inhab., once possessing valuable silvei
mines, which became exhausted at the close of the 16th cent.; those
now worked yield copper and lead only. l!lie*Chureh of St, Barbara,
with double aisles, begun about 1380 by Peter Arier of Gmünd, is a
noble example of the late-Gothic style, but is only partly completed
(viz. the choir, with its eight chapels, and the E. half of the nave).
Handsome choir-stalls. The Wenzelskapelle, in the Walsche Hof,
possesses a beautiful Gothic oriel. The churches of the Erz-

to Vienna, ZNAIM. 49. Route, 317

deehantei , the Matia-Himmelfährt (both Gothic, 14th cent.) , and
the Dräfaltigkeit (late Gothic, 1488-1504) are also worthy of note.

At Chotusitz, near (1491/2 M.)CaaBlanf' Po««;, a town with 7000
inhab., Frederick the Great defeated the Austrians under Charles
of Lorraine in 1742. Zisha (d. 1424) was interred at Czaslau, hut
in 1623 his hones were remoTed and his grave desecrated by order
of Emp. Ferdinand II. Stations Ooüsch-JenikaUy Lestina, Swetla,
OkroulHx, and (183 M.) Deutsch-Brod (Adler f Löwe; Rail. Re-
staur.), a manufacturing town with 5436 inhab., on the Sazawa,
noted for Ziska's victory over Emp. Sigismund in 1422.

To Pabddbitz, 89 M., railway in &4 hrs. Stations Chotebof , Hlinsko,
Skui, a town with 3065 inhab. and an old Gothic church. Then Chrast,
Slatincm, Chntdim, Pardubitz (p. 319).

The line crosses the Sazawa at Pribislau-SchlappenZy and beyond
Stat. Poind the Bohemian and Moravian frontier. 199 M. Iglau
(Stem; Rail. Restaur.), an old town (22, 378 inhab.) on the Iglawa,
contains weaving, plush, and other manufactories. The Gothic church
of St. Jacob possesses a good altar-piece. The municipal and min-
ing code of laws of Iglau is the most ancient in Moravia. The town-
hall contains a book of civic laws, with miniatures, dating from 1389.

The line follows the valley of the Iglawa. Stations Wiest (with
a chateau of Count Sedlnitzky"), Branzaus, and (216 M.) Okrischko.

Fbom Ok&bchko to Bbünn, 47 M., railway in 3»/4 hrs. — oV« M. Kralo-
ho/; 71/a M. Trebitach (1330 ft.), on the Iglawa, a town of 8060 inhab.,
witli an interesting old abbey-church, built in the basilica-style and dating
from the 13th cent. The W. transept has a handsome Bomanesque portal,
and under the choir is a crypt with columns. Then Wladislau, Studmetz
(branch-line to OiroU'ife$erit*ch, 14 U.), Ifamiest, on the Oslawa, Kralitz,
Rapotitz, and (32 M.) Begengottes (Rail. Itestatn:), with extensive coal-
mines. The train next passes (^1/2 ^O Rotsitz, a small town on the Obrawa,
with a chateau of Baron Hirsch, and TeUchitz, and reaches (SSVz M.) Strze-
litz, a station on the line from Briinn to Grussbach (p. 322).

222 M. Startseh'TrebiUch. Near Kojeütz, on the right, is the
chateau of Sadek, belonging to Count Chorinsky. At JarmSfitz is
a chateau of Count Karolyi. Then stations Mahriseh-Budwitz, (7rö-
sehelmauih, Schönwald-Frain (the latter, 3 M. to the S.W., with
a large manufactory of pottery), and Wolframitzldrehen.

260 M. Znaim (* Hotel Sehetz; *Drei Kronen; Kreuz; Schwan;
Nordwestbähn-Hötel , at the station; Rail. Restaur.), a town with
12,254 inhab., founded by Ottokar I. in 1226, picturesquely situated
on the left bank of the Thaya, and noted in history as the place where
an armistice was concluded between Napoleon and theArchduke
Charles after the battle of Wagram in 1809. Pleasanif^^menades
now occupy the site of the old fortifications. On the W. side of the
town are the remains of a Castle of the Margraves of Moravia, part
of which is now a barrack. The Castle-chapel, known as the ^Heiden"
tempet, a Romanesque circular structure of the 12th cent., shows
traces of very early mural paintings. The Gothic Rathhaus, with its
handsome tower of the 15th cent. , 250 ft. in height, contains the
municipal archives. The parish-church pf St. Nicholas^ a finely pro-

318 Route 49. ZELLEBNDORF.

portioned Gothic edifice of the 14th cent., was disflgnred by the addi-
tion of a tower in 1646. Outside the E. gate arethe JTopat Monument,
a granite obelisk with a figure of Victory , in memory of the colonel
of that name (d. 1848), and a bronze bust of the noYelist ChaHee
Sealsfiad (Karl Postel), who was bom near Znaim in 1793 (d. 1864).
On the E. side of the town, near the station, are the spacious build-
ings of the once powerful Abbey of Brück, now used as barracks.

The environs are picturesque and fertile. Cucumbers and other
vegetables are extensively cultivated here, and the weekly market is
the most important in Austria.

Znaim is the best starting-point for a visit to the Thayathal. The
following are the most interesting places in the valley : Jf^eunmüMen^ with
the Schobeser- Gebirge t the Sehweizerhäuilj the ch&teau of KarMutt, the
ruins of Jfeuhäusely Alt-Kaja, And. Hardegg ; *SeJilo$g Frain. perched upon
a precipitous rock overlooking the little town of Frain ; the curious Eis-
höhten (ice-caverns); Schloss Voettau, the property of Count Dann, which
contains a fine collection of armour and weapons, including the armour
of Zrinyi, the courageous defender of Szigetn, and the helmet of Ziska.

Fbom Znaim to Gsussbach by railway in 1 hr., crossing near Znaim the
romantic Leska-Chraben by a viaduct 100 yds. long. Stations JfUhl/raun,
Hodnitz, Possitz-Jotlotpitz. Orusabaeh, see p. 322.

The line now crosses the deep vaUey of the Thaya by an im-
posing viaduct, 240 yds. long and 150 ft. high. To the left the
Abbey of Brück (see above). Stations Schattau, UrUer-Betsbaeh,
and Betz (a wine-producing place) , 276^2 M. Zellemdorf (^BaU.
Beataurant), whence a line runs by Pulkau in ^/^ hr. to stat. Sig-
mundeherberg'Hom on the Franz-Josephs-Bahn (p. 314), and an-
other to Oruaabach and Lundenburg (p. 323). 284 M. OurUers-
dorf; 291 M. OberhoUabrunn, The interesting old church of Schon-
grdbem, 1^/2^' to the N.E. of the latter, is a massive late-Roman-
esque structure of the early part of the 13th cent., with curious
reliefs in niches outside the apse, representing the Fall, etc.

297 M. OoUersdorfj with a well-preserved chateau of the 15th
cent., lies on the Ooller, the valley of which the line now traverses.
The fine ancestral ch&teau of Count Sehoribom , with its extensive
park and beautiful rose-garden , is next passed. 302 M. Siemdorf,
with a Schloss and park of Prince CoUoredo-Mansfeld. At (306 M.)
Stookeraa (Strauss), a busy little market -town with a thriving
grain-trade and spacious cavalry-barracks, the line enters the broad
valley of the Danube. 309 M. Spillem; 312V2 M. Komeuburg
(p. 257). To the right, beyond the river, rise the towers of Kloster^
neuburg (jB^47). 315*/2 M. Langensersdorf, at the W. base of the
vine-clad4pzm&«r^ (p. 258), the summit of which commands a fine
prospect.

From (31^ M.) Jedlcsee a junction-line diverges to Floridsdorf,
a station on the N. Railway (p. 323). The train then crosses the
Danube by means of a long bridge (view to the right, up the stream,
as far as the Kahlenberg, Klosterneuburg, etc.), and stops at the
Nordwest-Bahnhof of —

322 M. Vienna (p. 187).

319
50. From Prague to Vienna.

a. Vi& Brunn.

247 M. or 254V2 M. Railway in &-12 hrs. The traveller should state,
before purchasing his ticket, whether his destination is the 'Nordbahn-
hof^ or the 'Staatsbahnhof (same fares).

After starting, the suburb of Carolinenthal (p. 292) Ib seen on
the left and the Ziskaherg (p. 297) on the right. 2Y2 M. Lieben ;
8M. Bechowitz; 14 M. Auwal; 20 V2 M. Bohmisch-Brod ; 231/2 M.
Porican; 29 M. Pecek (branch-line to Zasmuk); 331/2 M. Welim,
Between Bohmisch-Brod and PodSbrad (p. 316) the Hussite wars
were terminated in 1434 by a great battle, in which both the leaders,
Procopius Hhe Great' and 'the Less', fell. Near Kolin the Friedrichs-
berg (910 ft. ; where Frederick stood during the battle) on the
right is surmounted by an obelisk in commemoration of the victory
gained by the Austrian Marshal Daun over Frederick the Great,
18th June, 1757, in consequence of which the Prussians were com-
pelled to evacuate Bohemia. 40 M. Kolin (Post , near the station ;
Railway Restaurant') y on the Elbe^ a manufacturing town with
11,600 inhab., is the junction of the Austrian N. W. Railway (p. 316).
The Church of 8t. Bartholomew j an early-Gothic edifice of the 13th
cent., with Romanesque transept and two W. towers, possesses a
rich Gothic »Choir, erected by Peter Arier of Gmünd in 1360-78.
Adjoining the church is a detached clock-tower of the 16th century.

45 M. Eibe-Teinitz^ prettily situated on a hill. On the left flows
the Elbe ; on the right are several quarries. 52 M. Kladrub, On
an isolated hill to the left of (65 M.) Fardabits (Bail. Restaurant
and Hotet) rise the ruins of the chateau of Kunkitz, — Railway
to Rüchenberg and Zittau, see p. 325 ; to Deutsch Brod, see p. 317.

71 M. Daschitz; 73 M. Morawan; 77 M. Uhersko; 8OV2 M.
Hohenmauth-Zamrsk. At (86 M.) Chotzen (Bail. Restaurant) y with a
chateau and park, the junction foi Braunau (p. 325), the train passes
through a tunnel of 200 yds. and enters the pretty valley of the Stille
AdUrfluss, the serpentine course of which it follows at half speed.
89 m. Brandeis, a picturesque place, with a ruined castle, was
formerly one of the headquarters of the Moravian Brethren. 96 M.
Wildensehwert, a thriving manufacturing town. 102 M. BdhmiBch-
Traban (*Raü. Restaurant"), junction for Olmütz.

To Olmütz (54V2 M.) railway in 2V4-3>/4 hrs. Stations Triebitt, Rudels-
dor/ (branch-line to Landskron); then through the wooded ravine of the
Sazawa to Budigsdorf. HoehstHn, and (26 M.) Sohmstadt (Bail.lBestaur.), a
small town prettily situated at the S.£. base of the Sudeten. 7fae hydro-
pathic establishment of Orä/enb^g, p. 329, lies 37 M. to the N. Branch-
line from Hohenstadt to Zöptau in 1% hr. ; thence a post-omnibus to Frei-
waldau twice daily. Below Hohenstadt the line approaches the March ^ the
course of which it follows till Vienna is nearly reached. On a hill to
the left beyond Lukawetz rises SeMosi Märau, now a house of correction.
331/3 M. lies the pleasant town of Milglitz. Littau, a town belonging to
Prince Liechtenstein. Near Stefanau lies the considerable town of Stern-
berg. Near Olmütz the military hospital of Hradisch. once a monastery,
i5 seen to the right in the distance. — Olmm$i see p.

320 Route 50. BRUNN. From Prague

108 M. Abtsdorf; 112 M. ZwiUaUy an old waUed town with
manufactories; 116 M. Oreifendorf. The train passes through a
short tunnel, and at (122 M.) Brüaau, another manufacturing
place ) reaches the Zwitta, or Zwittawa. Scenery hence to Brunn
very pleasing. 128 M. Lettowittt, with church, abbey, and an old
chateau of Count Kalnoky, is a very picturesque place. To the left
in the distance, beyond (134 M.) 8kaUU^ the extensive and loftily-
situated ruins of Boskowitz. At (139^2 M.) Raitz, on the left, a
summer-seat of Prince Salm. The extensive iron-foundries at
(143 M.) BlanakOf with the white cottages occupied by the workmen
on a height to the left, as well as the surrounding estates, belong to

Prince Salm.

A pleasant excursion may be taken (one-horse carr. in 4 hrs., for 4-6 fl.)
from Blansko by Raifz and Petrowitz to Sloup, where there is an interest-
ing stalactite cavern, and thence to the 8. through the Öde ThtU to the
Macocha-Oorge (pretty view from the Bipka-AutsiehO, whence we may re-
turn to Blansko by Uie Punkteet-Thal^ passing numerous iron-foundries be-
longing to Prince Salm.

The valley of the Zwittawa contracts , and is enclosed by rocky,
wooded hills. The line follows the windings of the stream, and
passes through several tunnels. Finest views between Blansko and
Brunn on the left. Above the third tunnel the ruin of Novyhrad.
148 M. Adanuthal is an improving place of recent origin, vrith
a modern Gothic church. The neighbouring rocky and wooded
valley, with a number of considerable caverns , is rich in natural
beauties, and is often visited from Brunn. Near Brunn with its
numerous chimneys the line emerges on a broad plain, commanded
by the conspicuous Spielberg.

1071/2 ^> IMlin. — Hotels. *Gban0 Hotel (PI. a; D, 6), in the
Bahnring , opposite the station, with haths (1 fl.) and garden, tariff in each
room; Kaiser von OSstxsbkich (PI. b; C, 6); I^bdhadssb (PI. c; C, 5),
dear: Schwarzeb Bab (PI. d: G, 4)i Dbei Hahnen, Ferdinandssftsse 32.

Beatanranti. At all the hotels; ffannak, Ferdinandsgasse lo; Dreher-
»ehe Bierhatte^ Salzamtgasse 1, with garden; Retdetgip, Bennergasse 19;
Scheie^ in the Augarten (see p. 322) ; Jfeue WeU^ SteinmUkley on the Sohware-
awa (reached by boat). Railaaff Restaurant.

Oaf6s. At the four first-named hotels ; Spranz, Jacobsplatz, patronized
hy the officers; Bteiner^ Krautmarkt; Cc^i ITisf», at the Schwarzer Bär (see
above).

Oaba. From the station to the town, with one horse 70 kr., with two
horses 1 fl. ; at night 1 or ijjz fl. By time : for the first V4 hr. 90 or 60 kr.,
for each additional >/< hr. 20 or 50 kr. At night 50 per cent higher.

Steam Tramway. From the station to Karthaus, Schreibwald, and the
new cemetery, every 20 min.

Theatigl Btadt Theater (PI. 18: D, 4), elosed in July and August.

Bathsr Kellner, Jakobsgasse 15, and at Alt-Brünn.

American Consular Ayeiit, Mr. O. Sehoeller,

Brunn, Slav. Bm ('bulwark') or Brno ('ferry*), the capital of
Moravia, with 79,220 inhab. (1200 Prot.), including a garrison of
3-4000 men, lies in a picturesque and fertile situation at the foot
of the Spielberg and between the rivers Schxoarzawa and ZwittawcL.
The town, which is supposed to have been founded about the year
800 by the Moravian doke Bryno, has greatly prospered during the

imp

toBri!
) tie if

elffi

iil

lot-

.a

HI"

to Vienna. BRUNN. 50. Route. 321

last few d«cades and is now one of the chief manufacturing places
in the Austrian empire, especially for leather and linen. The old
part of the town is surrounded by promenades and grounds occupy-
ing the site of the ramparts, beyond which increasing suburbs have
sprung up.

Turning to the left on leaving the station we soon reach the
promenades of the ^Franzensberg (PI. B, C, 6), which are embel-
lished with an obelisk of grey marble erected in commemoration of
the battle of Leipsic (1813). Good view of the town, the long rail-
way-viaduct, the fertile environs, and the PoUau Mts. in the back-
ground. To the right is the B^iscopal Palace (PI. 3). On a neigh-
bouring eminence, the Petersberg, rises the Cathedral of St, Peter
and 8t, Paid (PI. 13), with its lofty vaulting, built in the Gothic
style in the 15th cent., destroyed by the Swedes in 1645, and partly
restored in the taste of the 18th century. — A little to the N.W. is
the Stadihof {Y\, B, 5), whence the Elisabeth-Strasse leads along
the £. side of the Spielberg to the Elisabeth-Platz (see below).

The Spielberg (846 ft.), a hill on the W. side of the town,
where promenades have also been laid out, Is crowned with the
citadel of that name, formerly a state-prison , where the turbulent
Trenck , colonel of the half savage Pandours, died in captivity in
1749. Count Silvio Pellico was also imprisoned here in 1822-30,
a dreary part of his life which he has described in his 'Prigioni'.
Tickets of admission to the citadel, a visit to which occupies about
an hour, may be obtained at Winkler's, Rennergasse 4, and at Winl-
ker's (30 kr.; party of 4-5, 1 fl. ; fee to the soldier who acts as
guide). To the right in the Elisabethstrasse, which on the left is
bordered with promenades extending to the Spielberg, rise the 2Va-
tional Industrial School, the Industrial Museum (adm. free, 9-1;
closed in Aug. and Sept.), completed in 1882, and the imposing
Residefkce of Dr, Prcuchakj Austrian minister of justice.

The Elisabeth-Platz (PI. B, 4), at the end of the Elisabethstrasse,
is suzrounded by handsome modern buildings. On the W. is the
Technical Institution; on the E. the Oerman Oymnasium (PI. 7);
on the S., the premises of the Slavonic Society ('BesedniDum'; PI.
19), the Kronprinz Rudolf Public School, and the Oerman Gym-
nastic Hall ; on the N., the tasteful Protestant Church (PI. 8), in a
Gothic style, by Ferstel. Behind the church is the Blind Asylum.
In the Jodok-Strasse, which diverges from the N. side of the square,
is the new building of the Provincial Diet of Moravia, opened in
1881. The adjacent Lazansky-PIatz contains the Church of St,
Thomas (PI. 14) and the Oovemor's Residence (PI. 17; 0,4), an
old Augustine convent, surrounded by a beautiful garden.

The Rennergasse leads hence to the S. to the handsome Gothic
*Chureh of St. James (PI. 10), with nave and aisles of equal height,
and remarkable for its elegant proportions. It was begun by Meister
Anton Pilgram in 1502, and has recently been thoroughly restored.

Babdeksb^s S. Qermany. 6th Edit. 21

322 Route 50, BRUNN. From Prague

The stained'glass windows are very rich. On the right side of the
choir is the unpleasing monument of Marshal Souches (d. 1683},
the gallant defender of Briinn against the Swedes. The unsightly
iron tower, 305 ft. high, was added in 1845.

We now cross the Oroase Platz , which is embellished with a
column in honour of the Virgin, and then follow the Herrengasse
and the Rathhausgasse to the RcUhhaus (PI. 16 ; 0, 5), erected in
1511, hut almost entirely modernised; the rich late-Gothic portal,
attributed to Meister Pilgram, retains its original form. A ^dragon',
suspended in the corridor at the back, is really a crocodile's skin.

The Krautmarkt (PI. C, 5), a little to the S. of the Rathhaus,
is embellished with a pretty fountain and a column in honour of
the Virgin and the Trinity. The vault of the Capuchin Churchy in
the adjacent Kapuziner-Platz , contains the remains of Colonel
Trenck (seep. 321 ; adm. on application to the sacristan). — Beyond
the station is the handsome Synagogue (PI. D, 6), in a Moorish
style. — Farther to the N. , in the Basteigasse, is the new Theatre
(PI. 18; D,4), built by Fellner, said to be the first theatre ever
lighted by electricity.

The Augarten (PI. B, G, 1, 2), a pleasant park on the N. side
of the town, opened to the public by £mp. Joseph II., is a much
frequented resort; it contains a large building with a restaurant
and caf<^. — On the S.W. side of the Spielberg lies Alt-Brünn with
the Königskloater and its Gothic *Augu8tine Church of the 14th
century. About 1^2 ^- farther to the W. is the Schreibwald, a
favourite place of recreation (steam-tramway from the station, at
irregular intervals).

Fuou BrUNN TO Tischmowitz, 18 H., railway in IVs hr. l^/« M. Obr<y-
icitz^ close to the manufacturing quarter of Briinn; 41/4 M. Königsfeld (Brew-
ery)^ a favourite resort from Briinn, wiUi a military school and fine park ;
6 H. Reckowitz ; T^/s M. Jechnitz ; 9 M. Zinsendorf. [From the last-named a
very attractive walk may be taken by the BaXtylom (1680 ft.), which com-
mands a wide view, to UV« hr.) Wranau^ with the burial church of Prince
Liechtenstein, and thence to (1 hr.) Adanutfialy where there is a railway-
station (p. 320).] — Beyond Zinsendorf the train passes Ourein and DratoWy
and then reaches (18 M.) Tiaohnowits, a prettily situated market-town, on
the left bank of the Schwarzawa, containing the beautiful Transition-Gothic
church of the former nunnery or Himmelspforte. The richly sculptured W.
"^Portal and the cloisters are the chief points of interest. Opposite the town,
on the right bank of the stream, lies Tisehnowitz-Vorkloster.

Fbom BrOnm to Vienna, 97 M., railway OOesterreichische Staatsbahn^)
via Orussbach in 84>/4 hrs. The line crosRes the Schwarzawa, then at stat.
Strzelitz the Obrawa (to Segengottes and Okfischko, see p. 817). Two tunnels.
Stations Silwoka, Kanttz-ßibensckitz (where the Iglawa-Thal is crossed by a
viaduct). 21 M. Kromau, with a handsome Schloss and park. Then Wolf-
ramitZj Mislitz, Frisehau, and Orussbach (whence there are branch-lines to
Znaim, p. 317, and to Lundenburg, see p. 323). The line soon crosses the
Thaya. Stations Laa (a small walled town), Staats, Mistelbaeh-Popsdorf,
Ladendorf, Wolkersdorf (beyond which the Marehfeld is traversed, see
p. 823), ^era^cf or/ (the junction of the ^Kaiser-Ferdinands-Nordbahn'' , see
p. 323), and Stadlait gunction for Marchegg and Pest, B. 56). The line
crosses the Danttbe by a long bridge and viaduct, intersects the Prater ^
crosses the Danube Canal to Simmering, and then the Neustädter Canal, and
finally enters the Staatshahnhof on the S. side of Vienna (p. 187).

to Vienna. LÜNDENBURG. 50. Route. 323

FsoM Bbümn to Olmötz and to Frerau. To Olmätz, 63 H., railway
in 41/4 hrs.; to Prerau, 66 M., in 2V2 hrs. 151/2 M. Kfenowitz-Autterlitz;
IS/4 M. to the E. 18 the small town of Austerlitz^ celebrated as the scene
of the 'Battle of the Three Emperors', 2nd Dec, 1805. Then (20 H.) Rau*-
nitz; 29 M. WiscJMu; 35 H. Eywanowitz. At (39 M.) NezamuUtz (Sail. Re-
staur.) the line to Olmütz diverges to the left. The Prerau line runs to the
right, and passes Kojetein and Chropin. 56 M. Prerau (p. 338).

Beyond Brunn, on the 'Nordbahn*, stations Ober-Oerspitz^ Mo-
driiz, and (164 M.) Raigem, with a venerable Benedictine Abbey,
founded in 1048. The present handsome edifice with its three towers
dates from last century. In 1805 Napoleon had here posted his re-
serve under Davoust , which after the battle of Austerlitz proved so
destructive to the retreating Austrians. — 168 M. Rohrbach^SeelO'
witz, Oro88-8eelowitz^ V/4 M. to the E., has large sugar-refineries.
Beyond (173 M.) Branowitz the Sehwarzawa is crossed ; on the
right are the ruins of a castle on the Pollau Mts. — 183 M. 8aitz;
on the right rises the 'Turkish Tower', a belvedere in the park of
Prince Liechtenstein, 200 ft. in height. Then to the right the lofty
tower of the church of (188 M.) JTo«««! , the oldest in Moravia; to
the left the spurs of the Carpathians. — 195 M. Lnndenburg (^Rail,
Restaurant, poor) is the junction for Olmütz and Oderberg (R. 52).

Carriage from the station in 1 hr. (2 fl.) to Eisi^mb, a domain of Prince
Liechtenstein. The vast park , covering an area of many square miles,
comprises two market-towns, several villages, picturesque lakes, etc.

From Lündenburg to Zkllerndorf, 52 M., railway in TVs brs. Sta-
tions: Feldzberg; Nikolsburg^ with a large chateau belonging to Count Mens-
dorff, where peace between the Austrians and Prussians was concluded
on 26th July, I866; Neuaiedl-DilmholZy whence a branch-line runs to (5>^/ M.)
Ortusbach (p. 322). Then Laa (p. 322), Pemho/en-Wuhetho/ent Kadolz-Mail-
herg, ffaugsdor/f and Zellemdorf (p. 0I8).

The line intersects a portion of the park, and crosses the Thaya,
the boundary between Moravia and Austria. Country flat. On the
right rises the isolated RaUtenberg (966 ft.), at the foot of which is
the town of Feldsberg. In the Marchfeld, beyond (207 M.) Hohenaa,
Ottocar of Bohemia defeated the Hungarians in 1260, but was con-
quered on the same field in 1278 by Rudolph of Hapsburg, and lost
his newly-acquired dominions of Lower Austria and his life. The
hills to the E. are the LiitU Carpathians. Between (216 M.) Durn-
krui and Angem the line approaches the March, the boundary be-
tween Austria and Hungary.

At (2271/2 M.) Gänserndorf (Rail. Restaurant) the line to Press-
burg (R. 56) diverges to the E. Near Wagram a bloody battle was
fought between the French and Austrians on 5th and 6th July,
1809, which terminated in the retreat of the latter to Znaim. To
the right the Leopoldsberg with its castle , then the Kahlenberg
(p. 246) become visible. 244 M. Floridsdorf. Above the wooded is-
lands of the Danube the tower of St. Stephen's (p. 198) rises in the
distance. The train crosses the principal arm of the Danube (p. 240 ;
to the right, the Franz-Josephs-Brücke, to the left, the Rudolphs-
Brücke), and stops at the N. Station of (247 M.) Vienna (p. 187),

21*

324 BouUöO. TABOR.

Those whose destination i6 the Leopoldstadt may engage a porter
for their luggage ; but for more distant quarters a fiacre (p. 189)
should be taken.

b. By Gmünd.

217 If. Bailwat (Franz-Joaephs-Bahn) in V/t-iU/tiin.
Franz'Joscpha^Bahn station, see p. 281. The line traverses a
tunnel of considerable length and enters the BoUUch-Thal. 2 M.
NiuU - Wriowitz (branch to Modran). The ancient Romanesque
church of (6 M.) Hoatiwaf contains a Madonna supposed to date
from 1374. 9 M. Oufinowes ;^ 13 M. Bican; 17 M. AfnicÄowif«
'8trancitz; 26 M. Cercan-Piiely, where the Sazawa is crossed.
32 M. BeneschaUy a busy town with 3200 inhab., possesses a Gothic
church of the 13th and 14th cent.

35 M. BiitfiUi; 4IV2M. WottiU, with a chateau and a Francis-
can convent; 46^2 M. Klein - Hefmanitx ; 56 Y2 M. SudomSfitz,
65 M. Tabor (Traube), with 7400 Inhab., once a stronghold of the
Hussites, situated on a bold eminence between the Lu$ehniiz and
the Jordanteich. The walls erected by Ziska are still partially extant.
The late-Gothic BatJihaus, finished in 1521, is embellished with
the city-arms in tufa (1515), in a frame-work which includes sta-
tuettes of Ziska, Procopius, Huss, and Jerome of Prague, and a
group of Adamites. The DecanalkirchCj of 1516, contains a curious
zinc font of the 15th century. In front of a richly ornamented
house in the Ring is one of the stone tables at which the inhabi-
tants of Tabor used to partake of Communion in both kinds in the
open air. The Municipal Museum contains numerous local antiqui-
ties, chiefly dating from the Hussite period. On the £. side of the
town, outside the Bechiner Thor, are the picturesque ruins of the
castle of Kotnow,

The line follows the right bank of the Luschnitz. 691/2 M.
Plan. 77 M. SobesUm, a town with 3950 inhab., has a late-Gothic
church of the 15th cent., and a tasteful castle, with an octagonal
tower, now converted into a dwelling-house.

. 81 M. W^ssely, junction for Budweis and Linz (p. 313) ; 89 M.
Lomnitz; 94 M. WittingaUy a town with 5100 inhab., belonging to
Prince Schwarzenberg, with a chUeau of the 15th cent., situated
in a marshy district. The Gothic church of the 14th cent, and
handsome cloisters belong to the suppressed Augustine abbey. Sta-
tions ChlumetZy Suchenthalj and (115^2 M.). Gmünd, the junction
for Eger and Vienna (R. 48). Thence to Vienna, see pp. 313, 314.

c. By Znaim.

230 M. Railway (Nordweat-Bahn) in 9>/2-12V« hrs.
31/2 M. Wysocan; 9M. Chwala; 21 M. Bohmiach-Lissa^p. 316).
From Böhmisch-Lissa to Vienna, see R. 49.

325
51. From Pardnbitz to Zittaa.

117 M. Railway in eVahrs.

ParduhitZy see p. 319. Soon after leaving the station the train
crosses the Elbe, which is here navigated by rafts only. The district
Is flat, monotonous, and sparsely populated. The greater part of it
is covered with wood or pasture, and only a comparatively small
area is cultivated. Stat. Pardubitz^Rositz (with the ruin of Kune-
titz on the right, p. 319), Steblowa, and Opatowitz, Then —

15 M. Königgrätz (Goldnes Lamm; Rosa; Rail. Restaurant), a
small Industrial town and fortress with 8166 inhab., situated about
IV2 M. from the station (omn. 20 kr.), at the confluence of the
Elbe and the Adler. The Gothic cathedral , dedicated to the Holy
Ghost, was founded in 1302; the beautiful interior contains a fine
ciborium of 1492.

The hilly district to the N.W. of Königgrätz, between the Büiritz and
the Elbe, is memorable as the scene of the Battle of Königgrfttx or Sadowa,
fought on 3rd July, 1866, between the Austrians and Praesians, in which
the former were totally defeated. The Austrian forces under the com-
mand of Benedek occupied a strong defensive position on the ground rising
gradually from the Bistritz, from which it was the object of the Prussians
to dislodge them. The high-road from Königgrätz to Hofitz (and Jici»)
passes nearly through the centre of this position, leading via Whtiar and
Bosberitz to (6 M.) Lipa and crossing the Bistritz at Sadowa^ I1/2 M. farther
on. About 1/2 M. to the N. of Bosberitz lies CA/utn, the highest point in the
neighbourhood, which formed Benedek'*s headquarters during the battle.
The battle began at an early hour in the morning and at midday was still
undecided. The Prussians maintained with great tenacity the small wood
of Sadowa and the Swiepwald on the hill to the N.E., but could not ad-
vance farther in the face of the strong and favourably-placed artillery of
the Austrians. The fortune of the day was at last decided by the capture
of Ghlum by the Prussian guards. The Austrians were unable to resist
the simultaneous advance of the whole Prussian army, and began a re-
treat, which at places degenerated into a wild rout. ^Numerous Prussian,
Austrian, and Saxon monuments have been erected in different parts of
the battle-field.

The country now becomes more fertile. Stations PfedmSfitz,
Smiritz, 2572^- Josefstadt (Wessely^s Hotel), a fortress on the
left bank of the Elbe, ^/^ M. from the railway.

Fbom Josefstadt to Liebau, 40 M., railway in 272-3 hrs. This line
passes numerous places known from the strategic movements in the war
of 1866. Moat of the stations are unimportant. From Btarkotsch a branch-
line diverges to Naehod^ Hatbitad-Braunau, and Chotzm (p. 319), and from
Parsehnitz another to Trctutenau and Alt-Paka (p. 326). Prussia is entered
at Königshain. From Liebau to BreataUj etc., see Baedeker'^s North Oermany.

After leaving Josephstadt the small town of Jaromer is seen
to the right, on the other side of the Elbe. The train passes
through several cuttings and then traverses the green pastnres on
the Elbe. The background is formed by dark forests , enlivened
here and there by white chateaux and villas. To the E. and N.,
in the extreme distance, are the ridges of the Glatz and Giant Mts.
30 M. Kuhus,

35 M. XoidgmhotfTinus); the town lies IV2 M. off, on the
left bank of the Elbe. The 'Königinhof Manuscript, found here in

326 Route 51. TÜRNAÜ. From Pardubitz

1817, contains fragments of old Czechish national songs , hut its
genuineness is disputed. The Zaboy Monument in the market-
place commemorates the discovery. The Ziakaherg, to the E. of the
town, recalls the attempt made to take the town by the Hussites
in 1421.

The line now traverses a wooded region. 38 V2 ^* Tfeme^na ;
43 M. Mastig, with mineral haths. About 3 M. to the S. rises the
Swicin (2210 ft.), which affords a fine view of the Giant Mts.
Between Mastig and (49 M.) Falgendorf (Rail. Restaurant , with
rooms to let), the line reaches its culminating point, on the plateau
of Borowitz (1595 ft.). A good view of the Schneekoppe and
other peaks of the Giant Mts. is obtained from the station of Fal-
gendorf. The road hence to the small town and rained castle of
Pecka, which lie 41/2 M. to the S., leads by the village of Stupna,
near which is a petrified forest, of great interest to geologists.

The train now enters the narrow Woleschka-Thal. From
(53Y2M.) Alt-Faka (Rail, Restaurant), branch-lines diverge to the
£. to Trautenau (the scene of a battle in 1866) and Parachnitz
(p. 325), and to the S. to Neu~Pdka, Smidar, Chlumetz, and Orosa^
Wossek (p. 316). 5972 M. Liebstadtl; 641/4 M. Semite with an old
chateau of Prince Rohan, now occupied by the district-authorities.
A diligence plies hence in 7 min. to the manufacturing village of
herthal (good Inn); pretty view from the Rabenstein,

The valley of the Iser , where the densely-populated manufac-
turing district of Bohemia begins, is now entered. Four tunnels. —
69 M. Eisenbrod , where a branch-line diverges to Tannwald. We
see to the right the group of factories known as NeU'Hamhurg, and
then pass through the Lischneier Tunnel^ which is 1/4 M. long. The
scenery between this point and Turnau is the finest on the whole
line, affording a constant succession of beautiful wooded and rocky
landscapes. Beyond (72^2 M.) Kleinskalj on the right, is the modern
chateau of DaXimeritz.

A picturesque road leads from Eleinskal to (6 M.) Retehenau (see below),
passing the ^Rock Pantheon\ with reminiscences of celebrities of the Wars
of Liberation. It then passes the ruin of Friedenstein and crosses the
Kopainherg (2160 ft.), which commands an admirable view.

771/2 M. Tumaa (Sparcasse Hotel ; Krone ; Rail. Restaurant).
The town, with 4893 inhab., lies 3/^ M. from the station, on a hill
on the left bank of the Iser. The Gothic Church of the Virgin is the
most conspicuous building. The hydropathic establishment of War^
tenbergy II/2 M. to the S., is much frequented. In the vicinity are
the ruin of Waldatein and the chateau and park of Qroas^Skal,

A *Walk to Wartenberg, (Tross-Skal, and Waldstein and back takes
about 31/2 hrs. (guide 1 fl.)i if the ruins of Troika and the Annen-Capelle
(with a view extending to Prague in clear weather) are included, 2 hrs.
more are required. The sandstone rocks in the vicinity of Gross - Skal
assume extremely bold and picturesque forms and are denoted by more
or less appropriate names. Just before reaching the handsome castle of
Orois-Skal (refreshments), the path leads through a rocky cleft named
the 'House Hole\ It then traverses the park with its magnificent beeches

to Zittau, REICHENBERG. 51 . Route. 327

and junipers, passes other curiously-shaped rocks, and reaches Wald-
ttein^ the ancestral castle of the family of the illustrious Wallenstein.

FsoH TuBNAü TO PRAGUE, 64V2 M., railway in 3^4 hrs. The first station
is Podol. Then (O'/s H.) Münchengräts (Traube), a town with 3643 inhab.,
near which Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia defeated the Austrians in
1866. Wallenstein (p. 304) is interred in the chapel of the chateau here.
The other stations are Bakov (p. 315), Jung-Bunzlau (p. Zi'S)yKuttenthal^
VSetat-Privor (p. 316), NeratowUz (branch to Kralup, p. 327), Kojetitz,
CteUioufitz, and Wysoeem. Then (6472 H.) Prague, see p. 281.

The train now enters a well-cultivated and populous district,
passes through a long tunnel, and reaches (82^2 M.) Sichrow, with
a chateau and park belonging to Prince Rohan. It then crosses the
valley of the Mohelka by a viaduct, 130 yds. long. 86 M. Liebenau,
90^2 M. Reichenau, two husy glass-making places. 94 M. Langen-
bruck (1645 ft.), on the watershed between the Iser and the Neisse.
The line now descends in windings to —

100 M. Beichenberg (*Ooldner Löwe; Union Hotel; Rail.
Restaurant), the second manufacturing town in Bohemia, with
28,090 inhab. and an old Rathhaus. The chief product is woollen
cloth. Near the town are the chateau and park of Count Clam-
Gallas. The *North Bohemian Industrial Museum (adm. Wed. and
Sun. 9-4 free, Mon., Thurs., Frid., and Sat. 10 kr.) contains ex-
tensive collections of art -industrial objects (furniture, carvings,
glass, metal- work, etc.) besides a library and reading-room and a
collection of patterns. Pretty views from the Heilsberg, Heinrichs-
höhe, and other points. A pleasant excursion may be made to the
Jeschken (ß326 ft.; ^^/^hTs.'), which commands an extensive prospect.

From Beichenbebg to Seidenbero, 26 M., railway in IV4 hr. Near
(13 H.) Seupenau is the prettily - situated little watering-place of Lieb-
werda (Helm, Adler), at the^ foot of the Tafelfichte (3680 ft.) 16 M. Fried-
land, with a handsome chateau in a commanding position, which once
belonged to Wallenstein, Duke of Friedland. At (26 H.) Seidenberg, the
Prussian frontier-station, the custom-house examination takes place. Con-
tinuation of the journey to Oörliiz, Cottbus, and Berlm, see Baedeker''»
North Germany.

The remainder of the journey lies in a picturesque district, and
the construction of the railway is also an object of interest. Stations
Machendorf, Kratzau, Weisskirchen. Numerous viaducts. Near
Zittau the Neisse is crossed by a * Viaduct 950 yds. long and 72 ft.
high, with 34 arches.

117 M. Zittau, see Baedeker's North Germany.

52. From Vienna to Breslau.

283 M. Railway in 11-14 hrs. Express to Oderberg in 6 hrs.; thence
to Breslau in 4 hrs.

To (511/2 M.) Lundenburg, see p. 323. The line here diverges to
the right from the Brunn railway. Stations Mährisch- Neudorf, Qöd-
ing. The latter is a thriving town with an old castle, on the March,
which becomes navigable here, and forms the boundary between Aus-
tria and Hungary. 69 M. Strassnitz (the town lies 6 M. to the E.
on the left bank of the March, which is crossed by a suspension-

328 Route 52, OLMÜTZ.

bridge); 77 M. Bisenz- Pisek (bianoh to Oaya, 11 M., yikBisenz,
with a chateaa of Count Beichenbach) ; 82 M. Poleschowitz, —
85 M. UngarUch'Hradisehy on an island in the March, once fortified
(branch to UngarUeh'Brodj the station for the baths of Lvhat-
schowitz'); 92 M. Napagedl, where the March is crossed; 100 M.
Kw<i88itz-Tlumat8ehau ; 104 M. HuUein, 3 M. to the W. of which
lies Kremsier, the summer -residence of the Prince Bishop ofOl-
mutz. Then (113V2 M.) Prerau (^Rail. Restaurant, with a few
beds), a venerable town on the Beczwa, with an ancient castle
once occupied by King Matthew Gorvinus, and a Gothic Rathhaus
(junction for Olmütz).

Fbom Pbesaü to Olmötz, 14 M., railway in 34 min. The line tra
verses the fertile district of Sanna. Stat Brodek.

Obnttts (Goliath; Laueres Hotel; Motel Pietseh; Goldene Birne; *Cafi
Hirech; Cafi Wohak; Fichtner; omn. from the station to the town 25 kr. ;
cab 80 kr. or 1 fl. 20 kr., at night 1 fl. 10 or 1 fl. 70 kr.), s/« ^- ^'^m
the railway, the second town in Moravia, with 20.176 inhab., is strongly
fortified. In the Thirty Years' War it was taken oy the Swedes , and in
1768 was unsuccessfully besieged for seven weeks by Frederick the Great.
In 1794 Lafayette was imprisoned here. The Imperial Library originally
belonged to the university, which was suppressed in 1868. A collection
of Slavonic works it once possessed was carried off by the Swedes to
Stralsund, where it was dispersed , thus occasioning a serious loss to Sla-
vonic literature. Adjoining the library are the handsome new Barracks.
The Cathedral of the prince-bishop, a fine Gothic edifice, was erected by
King Wenceslaus III., who was murdered here in 1306, and afterwards
canonised. The Public Park, with a Cur-Salon, caf^, etc., was laid out
in 1866.

From Olmütz to Sohenstadt and Böhmisch- TriO^au, see p. 319; to Jä-
gemdor/^ see p. 829.

The line crosses the Beczwa. Fertile country studded with fruit-
trees. To the left a chateau of Count Potocki.

To the E. of (123^2 ^0 LeiprUk , a prosperous manufacturing
town (6260 inhab.) with' ancient watch-towers , rises the dilapida-
ted chateau of Helfenstein, the property of Prince Dietrichstein.
The valley of the Beczwa is fertile and picturesque. Cuttings, em-
bankments, and viaducts follow each other in rapid succession.
The high ground at stat. WeissMrchen is the boundary between
Moravia and Austrian Silesia, and the watershed between the Black

Sea and the Baltic. 138 M. Pohl.

From Pohl a diligence runs twice daily in 5 hrs. to Walaelnsch-
Meeeritz and (20 M.) Boachnau (1246 ft. ; ffdtel Badhost ; Krone), a pictui^
esquely-situated little town in 'Moravian Walachia\ It is visited by con-
sumptive patients and possesses a Gurhaus, vapour baths, a whey-cure, etc.

The train now enters the district of the Oder. The river be-
comes visible on the right near (144^2 ^0 Zauchtl. In the back-
ground the Little Carpathians.

From Zauchtl a branch -line runs to (Vs hr.) Neutitsohein C^^tel
Schuster), a charmingly-situated town with 10,274 inhabitants. The Stein-
berg, iVs M. to the K., commands a fine panorama ; a still more compre-
hensive view is obtained from an eminence about Va H. farther on, from
which the entire chain of the N. Carpathians is visible. Near Neutitschein
are the ruined castles of Alttitschein and Str amber g i*/t hr.), and the in-
teresting cave of Kotouc, which contains numerous petrefactions.

RATIBOR. 52. Route. 329

152 M. Stauding (Rail. Restanr.; branch -line in i^/i'^ir, to
Stramberg, p. 328). At (1621/2 M.) Schonbnmn (Rail, Restaurant)
the Oderthal contracts and becomes picturesque.

Fbom Schönbbdmn to JÄOEBNDOSF, 36 M., railway in 3 hrs. Stations
IHelhau, FreiheitaUy Oppcihof- Stettin , Komorau. Then (18 M.) Troppan
(Krone; RÖmiteher Kaiser)^ on the Oppa^ the principal town (20,562 inhab.)
in Austrian Silesia, and the first meeting-place of the Congress of 1820,
which was afterwards continued at Laibach (p. 275). The train then
follows the course of the Oppa, which forms the boundary between Austrian
and Prussian Silesia, to Skrochowitz, Lobenstein^ and J&gemdorf (Kaiser
von Oesterreieh; *' Tiroler; Reichsadler; Krone); a thriving town of 11,790 in-
hab., with extensive cloth-manufactories and a oh&teau belonging to Prince
Liechtenstein. This is the junction of the lines running 8. to Freuden-
thai and OlmUtz (see p. 328) ^ K.E. to LedbscMtz and Ratibory and K.W.
to Ziegenhdls. Neissey and Brieg (see below).

Near (1d6 M.) ufdArMe^-Oafrou (branoh-line to AfaArUeft-Fried-
land) the Oder is crossed. In the neighbourhood ate some large
coal-pits and the iron- works of Witkowitz^ belonging to Baron Roth-
schild. 171 M. Oderberg (Railway Restaurant), the Austrian fron-
tier-town , junction of the lines to Cracow (R. 72) and Kaschau
(R. 70). Luggage examined here. The train again crosses the Oder,
which here forms the boundary between Austria and Prussia. Sta-
tions Annaberg, Kreu%enort, Tworkau.

187 M. Batibor (* Wedekindt) , the Junction of a line to Leob-
schütz and Jagemdorf (see above).

The train recrosses the Oder. Stations Nendza (branch-line to
Kattowitz), Rfxtiborer" Hammer, Cosel- Kandrzm (branch -line to
Oleiwitz and Beuihen^Kanigshutte'). About 3 M. to the W. , on the
left bank of the Oder, stands the fortress of Cosel, Farther on, the
isolated Annaberg on the right, with a pilgrimage-chapel. Stat.
OogoUn, Then (2321/2 M.) Oppeln (Form's Hotel; Adler), the
seat of the government-authorities of Upper Silesia, with 14,447 in-
habitants.

FaoM Ofpblm to Vossowska, a station on the ^Rechte-Oderv/er-Bahn*,
branch-line in 1 hr. The railway on the right bank runs thence to the S.
via Tamowitz to Beuthen and Königshüttey and then by Kattoicitz, the junc-
tion of the lines to Nendta and Kandrzin (see above), to Trzebinia (p. 884)
and Cracow (p. 384).

The train now follows the left bank of the Oder. Stations
Löwen, Loosen, and (258 M.) Brieg (Lamm, Kreuz) , a town on
the Oder, with 17,508 inhabitants.

Branch-line from Brieg to the S. (in i^ahr.) to Neiase (Stern; Krone;
Adler), a fortified town, pleasantly situated on the Geisse, and thence by
Zieffenhal* to Jagemdorf (see above). Diligence daily in 4i^ hrs. from
Ziegenhals to Freitealdau (^Krone; Kaiser von Oesterreieh; Kretschmar;
Kronprinz), 12 M. to the S.W., in Austrian territory. About IVsM. from
Freiwaldau lies Chräfenberg, a celebrated hydropathic establishment founded
by Priessnitz (d. 1851), the inventor of the system. — Diligence from
Freiwaldau to Zilptau daily, and railway thence to JSohenBtadt (p. 310).

Beyond Brieg, on the left, rises the white tower of MoUwUZf
where Frederick the Great gained a victory in 1741. Then Ohlau.

283, M. Breslau, see Baedeker's N, Oermany.

HUNGARY AND GALICIA.

The network of raiLways with which Hungary ig now covered
renders a visit to this highly-fayoured country almost as easy and
convenient as any tour of similar extent in Central Europe. The
unadventurous traveller may therefore enter on the undertaking
without misgiving, and will find his time well and pleasantly spent.

Hungary is one of the countries of Europe with which nature
has dealt most bountifully. The N. portion, intersected by the
Carpathian Mts., possesseB mineral treasures of every kind in
abundance, from rock-salt to precious stones, as well as an inex-
haustible supply of timber. The S. slopes of the Carpathians,
particularly the Hegyallja near Tokay, yield large quantities of ex-
cellent wine, while the extensive plains of the Danube and the
Theiss stock the markets of Central Europe with the superfluity of
their agricultural produce. The trade of the country, formerly
confined to the Danube, Theiss, Maros, Drave, and other large
rivers, has been drawn into new channels by the construction of
the railways, and is rapidly and extensively developing.

Flan of Tour. The ordinary tourist will probably limit himself
to a visit to Pest, the descent of the Danube to Orsova, and per-
haps an excursion into the Tatra. The most convenient way of
combining these objects is as follows : by steamboat from Pest to
Orsova (or part of this stage may be made by train , to 8emlin-
BelgradCj or by Temesvdr to Bazids or Orsova)', railway \iYMehddia,
Temesvdr^ Arad (or Orosswardein) , Debrecziny Miskölczj and Ka-
schau to Poprdd (excursions to Sckmeks and the Tatrci)] then
railway either to Sillein and thence to Oderberg , or through the
Waagthal to Pressburg, or by Ruttek , Altsohl, and Losoncz back
to Pest.

Debreczin, Szegedln, and the other large towns of Lower Hun-
gary contain little to Interest the traveller beyond their specific
Hungarian character.

Language. The Magyar tongue belongs, like Turkish and Fin-
nish, to the Finnlsh-Tartaric family (early Asiatic), and is not
allied with the European or Indo-Germanic languages. An ac-
quaintance with it is not necessary for a tour in Hungary, as Ger-
man is understood at the hotels (see below) and by almost every
educated person. The Hungarian names will often puzzle the
stranger. The most important peculiarities of the pronunciation

HUNGARY AND GALICIA. 331

are: cs is pronounced like the English chy cz like ts, ly like
lyif ny like nyt , gy like dyiy a and zs like sh, sz and ssz like a.
Some of the words of most frequent recurrence are : nagy, large
kiSy small; alsöy lower, under; balraj to the left; bor, wine (feher
bor, white wine, voros bor, red wine); csikös, horse-boy; egyhdz
church; eniber , man; erdo, wood; fcdva, Tillage; fiher, white
f ekele, black ; fit, half ; feUb, upper ; fo, head ; /"o^ci, earth ; gulyda
cow-herd ; haUdaz, fisherman ; hdz, house ; higy, hill ; Md, bridge
horddr, porter; jobbra, to the right; juhdsz, shepherd; kandaz
swine-herd ; kapu, gate ; kerem, I beg, please ; kert, garden ; kirdly
king; k'o, stone; liget, a wood; mezo, field; monoator, monastery
Nemet, German; ö, old; Oaztrdk, Austrian; palota, palace; pod-
gy daz, luggage; podgydaz vizagdlda, custom - house examination
aebea, quick; aö, salt; a'or, beer; azent, saint; aziget, island
azinhdz, theatre ; tava, to, lake ; teaaSk, pray, if you please ; Török
Turkish ; uj, new ; Hr, sir, Mr. , master ; üt, utza, street, lane ; vdr
vdrad, castle ; vdroa, town ; vdadr, market-town ; vend^glö, fogadö.
hotel, inn; viz, water.

The accent indicates the length of the vowel, but the accen-
tuation of the word is generally on the first syllable. In N. Hungary,
Slovakian and Ruthenian, in S. Hungary Slovenian, Serbian, and
Wallaehian are also spoken.

Only the Hungarian names of the railway-stations are announ-
ced , so that travellers ignorant of the language are advised to in-
form the guard beforehand where they wish to alight.

Money. In Hungary, as in Austria , paper-money only is in
common circulation. Gold pieces of 10 and 20 francs have lately
been coined , but both they and the silver florins are very rarely
met with. The small coins (20, 10, and 5 kr. in silver ; 4 and
1 kr. in copper) are the same as in Austria , but with a Hungarian
legend.

Hotels. Pest, Pressburg, Debreczin, Kaschau, and the other
large towns of Hungary contain good hotels, fitted up in accord-
ance with modern requirements, and to these the remarks at
pp. 175, 176 apply. In the smaller towns and villages the inns
are often dirty, and generally in the hands of Jews, most of whom
understand German. If the inn is too uninviting, accommodation
may be procured in the house of the pastor.

Carriagef for hire are also as a rule owned by Jews, who often
make most extortionate demands ; but a little firm resistance will
generally make them listen to reason. Gabs ply in a few of the
largest towns only.

332

53. The Danube from Vienna to Pest.

Steamboat to Pest in 12-13 hrs. — In the reyerse direction the Rail-
way (R. 66). 6-9 hrs., is preferable, as the gteamers take 22 hrs. to
ascend the stream.

A small steamboat, starting at 7 a. m. , from the steamboat- office by
the Franzensbrücke, on the right bank of the Danube Canal (p. 190), conveys
passengers to the larger vessel, which starts from the new Prater-Quai
(p. 240), also at 7 a.m., and awaits their arrival at the Pratereek, in the
main arm of the river. Fares to Pest 9 or 6 fl., in the reverse direction
6 fl. 75 or 4 fl. 50 kr. — Good restaurant on board \ table-d^hdte at 12.15 p.m.,
without wine, 1 fl. 60 kr.

The right and left banks are denoted by r. and 1. respectively. The
usual hours of arrival are given, provided the steamer starts at 7 aon.

ScENXBT. The finest is between Deutsch - Altenburg and Pressburg,
between Nesmühl and Waitzen, and in approaching Pest and Ofen. The
least attractive part of the route is from below Pressburg to below Komom.

The small steamer passes under the Franaenshfüehe^ the bridge
of the Vienna Loop Line, the Sophienbrueke, the KtMer^osepht^
Brücke , and lastly the railway-bridge of the Austrian Staalsbahn
(p. 323). On the left extends the Ptaler, on the right rises the
Weiaagärberkirehe (p. 219), In the district of Land$ira»8€, The
suburb of Erdberg, with its extensive kitchen - gardens, is next
passed. At the Pratereeky where the Danube Canal joins the main
branch of the river, we embark in the large steamer.

(7.30 a.m.) L. Loban, the longest (41/3 M. long, 3M. broad) of
the wooded islands by which the left bank is concealed for a long dis-
tance. On the left bank , a little inland , and not visible from the
steamboat, are situated the villages of Aapem and EssUng,

In 1809 Napoleon was master of Vienna. Half of his army had crossed
by the Lobau to the left bank of the Danube, when the Austrians suc-
ceeded in burning the bridge which connected the right bank with the is-
land. At the same time they attacked the villages of Äipem and EtaUng^
positions of paramount importance occupied by the French. After a fear-
ful carnage of two days (2l8t and 22nd May) , the French again retired to
the Lobau, which was now occupied by the entire French army of 150,000
infantry, 90,000 horses, and 700 pieces of ordnance. Traces of the forti-
fications constructed on that occasion are still observable. From this is-
land (Kapoleon''s headquarters lst-5th July) a second passage of the Da-
nube was effected at the beginning of July, and on the 5th and 6th of the
month the memorable battle of Wagram (p. 333) was fought. The Austrians
were driven back as far as Znaim (p. 317)) where an armistice was shortly
afterwards concluded. The Peace of Vienna was signed on 14th Oct. of
the same year.

R. Fiachament; 1. Sehonau.

R. Eilend, close to the river; farther on, Regelabrunn*

R. PetrontU, on the site of the Roman Camunium, destroyed by
Attlla. The handsome chateau belongs to Count Traun.

(9 a.m.) R. Detüaeh'Altenbnrg, with a castle and sulphur-baths.
On a neighbouring hill rises the elegant Gk)thic church of St. John ;
the churchyard contains an old round church , restored In 1822.
Adjacent is a mound about 60 ft. in height, termed the Hütelberg
(*hat-hlir), which is said to have been heaped up by the people in
hatfuls, to commemorate the expulsion of the hated Turks (comp,
p. 387).

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PRESSBÜRG. 53. BouU. 333

(9.15) R. Hainbnrg (König von Ungarn) j a very picturesque
place with old walls and towers. On the height the extensive ruin
of a castle ; at its base the Austrian Pioneer Cadet School. The ex-
tensive Imperial Tobacco Manufactory here employs upwards of
1500 hands. The Raihhaus contains a Roman altar. On the Roman
Tower is a stone figure of King Attila, who according to the Nibe-
lungen-Lied once spent a night in the castle (extensive view from
the top). A rock, rising abruptly from the river below Hainburg,
is crowned with the ruined castle of Bottenstein. Hainburg and —

L. Theben, Hungarian DivSny, form, as it were, a gateway to
Hungary. The March (or Morava), which forms the boundary be-
tween Austria and Hungary, falls into the Danube at the .oot of the
lofty old castle of Theben , a ruin of considerable extent , although
much of it was blown up by the French in 1809.

(9.45) L. Pressbnrg. — Hotels. *Geükkr Baum (PI. a), B. 80 kr.-2fl.5
HOTEL National (PI. b); König von Unoaen (PI. c)? Hibsch, in tlie
market-place; Bothss Ochs (PI. d), B. <fc A. 80, L. 1Ö kr., well spoken
of; GOLDNS Boss (PI. e). Wine at Schmidt HansVs, by the Micbaeler-Thor.
Beer at Welisch"» Bierhalle, Andreasgaase and Langegasse. — Railway -Re-
itaurcmt.

Oabs. To the station, with one horse 60 kr., with two-horses 1 fl. 10 kr.
(at night, 90 kr. and 1 fl. 66 kr.). In the town, with one horse, V« ^^»
30 kr., each additional »/« ^'- 30 kr.: with two horses V« hr. 60 kr., Ihr.
1 fl. 10 kr., each additional V2 hr. 40 kr. — Omnibve to the station 14 kr«
(at night 21 kr.).

Pressburg J Hungar. Pozs6ny, with 48,000 Inhab. (1/4 Hunga-
rians), formerly the capital of Hungary, where the coronation of the
kings took place, is beautlfally situated on the spurs of the Little
Carpathians. The town consists of the inner town, or Altstadt^ the
old walls of which were removed in 1778, when their site was con-
verted into promenades; the Ferdinandstadt and Neustadt on the
N., the Franz-Joseph'Stadt on the Danube, and the Theresienstadt,

On the £. side of the principal Platz in the Altstadt is the
Bathhaus (PI. 16), begun in 1288, and frequently altered. The
council -chamber, with its fine timber roof, contains several por-
traits, and a bust of Francis I. in marble. Adjoining it is the
Städtische Museum (open Sun. and Thurs. 9-12), containing Roman
and mediaeval weapons and curiosities. The Mariensäule, in front
of the neighbouring Jesuit church , was erected by Leopold I. in
1672, in honour of the Immaculate Conception. • — In the Batthya-
nyi-Platz, behind the Rathhaus, is the Primatial- Gebäude (PI. 14),
the winter-palace of the Primate of Hungary.

On the N. side of the principal Platz is the Franciscan Church
(PI. 5), founded in 1290, and afterwards altered. On the E. side
is the pure Gothic Chapel of St. John, with its double crypt.

In the Landhaus (PI. 10), erected in 1753, now a court of
justice, the imperial diets were held from 1802 to 1848.

The Gothic Cathedral of St. Martin (PI. 4), formerly the
GOionation-church, begun in 1090, completed in 1452, and dis-

334 RouU 53. PRESSBURG. The Danube from

figured by a modem tower, was restored in 1865-67. The Chapel
of 8t. AntMj in the N. aisle, is in the most ornate Gothic style
(i4th cent.). In front of the church is an equestrian statue of St.
Martin, in Hungarian costume, executed in lead by Donner (1734).

The Sohlossgrundgasse and the Schlossstiege lead from the cathe-
dral towards the W. to the Sehlosiberg. A path ascends in steps,
through a massive and imposing gateway, to a plateau (273 ft. above
the Danube) surrounded by a wall, and occupied by the extensive
rulus of the royal palace, which was burned down in 1811. The
terrace and the W. tower command a beautiful view to the N., em-
bracing the vine-clad slopes of the Little Carpathians, with the city
at the spectator's feet; to theS., beyond the windings of the Danube,
lie the villages of Karlsburg and Kittsee, the ruin of Wolfsthal, &c.;
and to the W., Hainburg and Theben, with the Thebener Kegel.

A Bridge of Boats ^ which affords a favourite evening prome-
nade, leads from the Franz-Josephs-Stadt to the Au, a pleasant
little park (caf^) on the right bank of the Danube, much frequented
on summer-evenings (gnats troublesome). Open-air theatre in the
Arena , a few hundred paces below the bridge. Horse-races take
.place annually in the spring in the EngeraUj farther to the S.

The Emvibons afford a number of beautiful excursions. The (Vs hr.)
'Calvarienberg, to the W., affords a picturesque view; descend thence to
the Weidritzthal and the Eisenbriindl, a small mineral bath (Inn), and
proceed through beautiful woods to the Oemsenberff, which commands an
extensive prospect (in all, 4 hrs. there and back). Longer excursions
to Mariathal ^ with an old abbey, converted into a chateau of Count
Schaffgotsch, and to the ruin of *'JBallenstein, and back by the Kupfer-
hammer and the ruin of Weissenstein to St. Oeorgen^ a station on the
Tyrnau railway (p. 374). To Theben (p. 333) by steamboat; ascend
to the ruin and to the summit of the Thebener Kogely which commands a
magnificent view; thence to Hainburgy picturesquely situated on the
opposite bank of the Danube, or to the latter direct from Pressburg on
the right bank by Wolfsthal and the ruin of Mädchenburg.

From Pressburg to Tpmau and Sillein by railway, see p. 374.

Below Pressburg the banks of the Danube again become flat.
The scenery is occasionally diversified by extensive herds of cattle
on the banks and groups of mills in the water. The river is divided
into several arms, which form two large islands, on the left the
Orosse, and on the right the Kleine Schutt ; the former is 55 M. long,
32 M. broad, and contains about a hundred villages.

L. Kortvilyes and Bö'ös.

(1.5 p.m.) R. Qbnyo^ a village consisting chiefly of thatched
houses, lies at the end of the Lesser Schiitt. At the S. extremity of
the island, 4Y2 ^> ^^om Gönyö , in an extensive, and in parts
marshy plain , is situated Raah (see p. 350). A steamboat plies
between Gönyo and Raab. — Railway from Raab to Vienna and to
Neu-Szony, see R. 56.

R. iic9, at some distance from the river ; on the height the rich
Benedictine abbey of MarUnsberg (p. 350).

(2 p.m.) R. Keu-Szöny, a station of the Vienna and Ofen rail-

VientM to Pest, GRAN. 53. Route. 335

way (p. 350), connected with Komorn by a bridge-of-boats. The
steamboat rounds the S.E. extremity of the Grosse Schutt.

(2.10) L. Komorn (König von Ungarn; Ooldnes Faasl), Hungar.
Komdrom, an ancient town with 13,000 inhab., is a strong fortress,
with extensive tetes-de-pont, lying at the S.E. extremity of the
Orosse Schutt and on the right bank of the Waag, which here falls
into the Danube. The fortifications, originally constructed under
Matthew Oorvinus, were greatly extended in 1805 and subsequently.
During the last Hungarian war in 1849 the place was successfully
defended by the Hungarians.

R. Alt-Stony J with a chateau belonging to Count Zichy. To
the right, farther on, rises a low range of vine-clad hills.

(2. 45) R. Almas, with a thermal mineral spring and marble
quarries. Nesmuhl, Hungar. NessmSly, is noted for its wine. The
river, now undivided by islands, is of more imposing width.

(3.12) Piszke, on the right, also possesses quarries of marble.

(4 p.m.) R. Gran (Badhdtel), Lat. Strigonium, Hungar. Eszter-
göm, a town with 8932 inhab., lies near the confluence of the Qran
and the Danube, and 3 M. from the railway-station of Oran-Ndna
(p. 348). The huge dome of the cathedral, resembling that of
St. Peter's at Rome, rises very picturesquely on a hill. The edifice was
begun in 1821, at the cost of Cardinal Rudnay, Primate of Hungary,
and completed by Cardinal Szitowsky in 1856. The nave is 348 ft.
long, the transept 160 ft. long and 62 ft. high; the dome is 260 ft.
high and 52 ft. in diameter. The flat roof is adorned with statues ;
over the Portal is that of the Saviour with the cross. High altar-
piece, an Assumption by Origoletti. Another altar-piece, by Hess,
a Hungarian artist, represents the baptism of St. Stephen, the first
Christian king of Hungary, who founded the archbishopric of Gran
in 1001. The Stefanscapelle contains a marble statue of the same
saint by Ferenezy, The lateral chapel on the left was originally
erected in another part of the town in 1507 and was transferred
hither in 1827. By the entrance to the crypt are statues of Peace
and Immortality by Schrott.

At the E. base of the hill are the archiepiscopal palace and the
chapter-houses of the cathedral-canons. On the W. side of the hill
stands the Church of St. Anna, another domed structure.

L. Pdrkdny is connected with Gran by a bridge-of-boats.

The valley contracts. Picturesque porphyry and limestone rocks
on the banks. On an abrupt rock rises —

(4. 45) R. Visegrdd (vise , high j grdd , fortress) , a castle in-
habited by kings of Hungary as early as the 11th cent., and greatly
embellished by Matthew Corvinus , who converted the barren rock
into pleasant gardens. It was destroyed by the Turks, and the forti-
fications were again dismantled by Emp. Leopold. The old wall of
the fortress extends down to the Danube. The castle and its lofty
tower are now being restored. Opposite lies —

336 Beute Ö3. WAITZEN.

L. Ofoss-Maros in the midst of Tineyards. The hills now recede.
The Danube, turning S. , is divided into two arms, and forms the
Andreaainsel, 15 M. in length.

(5.30) L. Waitzen, Hungar. Väcz (Stem, Curie), with 13,200
inhab. , an episcopal see , possesses a cathedral resembling that of
Gran, erected in 1761-77. The garden of the episcopal palace
contains Roman and medissval monuments. At the upper end of the
town are the spacious prison, with its Gothic church, built in 1857,
and a triumphal arch commemorating the entry of Maria Theresa.

The banks become flatter. In the background is the Blocksberg
(p. 346); then the fortress of Ofen with the royal palace. The river
now presents a more animated scene , and mills, rafts, barges, and
local steamboats (p. 338) become more numerous.

L. NeU'Pest , in front of which extends the long quay of the
Winter Harbour.

R. AU-Ofefiy the Aqumeum of the Romans, with the remains of
Roman structures (baths, amphitheatre) and the extensive wharves
(on an island in the Danube) of the Steamboat Company. Large
synagogue. Farther back, on the slope of the Oaisberg, is the pen-
sioners' hospital of Kleimdl (formerly a monastery).

The boat passes the Margarethen- Inset, with its park and de-
lightful gardens (p. 344). A fine view is then suddenly disclosed of
the long city of Pest on the left, with its lofty and palatial buildings
facing the river, and the handsome suspension-bridge, while Ofen
rises on the slope of the right bank, crowned by the fortress and the
palace. In the background the Blocksberg. At sunset this picture
is strikingly beautiful, somewhat resembling Prague and the Hrad-
schin. The steamer first lands its passengers for Ofen, then passes
under the suspension-bridge , and stops on the opposite bank at —

(6.45 p.m.) L. Pest.

54. Pest and Ofen.

Hotel«. *Gband Hotel Humgaria (PI. a; D^S), on the Danube Quay
(Ferencz-Jözsef-Rakpart), with 300 rooms and a fine view, R. from U/t t\.
upwards, caf^ on the ground-floor; "^Quken of Enolamd (PI. b; D, 6), at
the corner of the Maria-Valeriagasse (M^ria-Valeria-Uteza) and the Frans-
Deäkgasse (Deäk Ferencz Utcza), R. from iVs fL, L. 50 kr., caf^ on the
ground-floor; *EEZHEBZoa Stephak (PI. d; D, 4), in the Franz-Josephs-
Platz (Ferencz- J6z3ef-T^r) ; •Hotel National (PI. e; B, 6), Waitznei>
gasse (V^czi Utcza); •Hotel Fbohnes (PI. f; D, 4), Palatingaase (Nädoi^
Utcza); •JÄGEKHOKN (Pl.g; D, E, 5), Kleine Briiekgasse (Kia-Hid-Utcza), good
cuisine. — Orient (PI. h; F, 5), Kerepescher- Strasse (Kerepesi-Ut) , op-
posite the Volkstheater; Tiobb (PI. i; D, 4,), Palatingasse (M^dor-Utcza),
good wine; Königin Elisabeth (PI. k; B, 6), Universitätsgasse (Egyetem-
Utcza); Stadt London (PI. 1; E, 2), Waitzen Boulevard, opposite the
Austrian railway -station; Fannonia (PI. m; F, 5), Weisses Ross, both
in the Kerepescher-Strasse ; König von Ungarn (PI. n; D, 4), Dorothea*
gasse (Dorottya-Utcza), commercial, R. & A. 11/2, B. >/« A«? Goldnbb Adleb
(PI. o; E, 5), Neue Weltgasse (Üjvilag-Utcza), Hungarian cuisine; Stadt
Pabib(PI. p;E, 3), Waitzen Boulevard; Wbisseb Schwan, Kerepescher-
Strasse 1; Feheblo ( Weisses R9tsl), Kerepeseher-Strasse 15; HoTibL Garni

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Tramways. PEST. 54, Route. 337

JosBP Schwab, Malergaasfe (K^pird-TTtcza). — At'O/en: SzAch^nti Hotel
(PI. q; G, D, 5), b^low the chain-hridge ; Hbilqukllb', Hauptgasse (Fö-
Utesa) 81 ; Pbopblceb, Ss^cheniyi-Gasse (Szdchenyi-ütcBa).

BMtofuahttrAc.: Atrall tiie hotels; *azik$zay^ at the Kationa) Theatre ;
'^JToleiTfurlA, -inthe Franziskaner-Bazar (FerencKiek Bazätra); *Blutnetutö€kl^
Joaephsplatz fJozsef-TärJ; *Kr<me^ comer of the Wait%nergaiMe and Kronen-
gasse (Kd^oaa-UtoBa);* Aimer ITalfo, Tbohethof; *Zum Grünen Fmsely
next doorHo ihe"Hdtel. Jägferhorn; ltedciäeHff€bäude (Vdffadö); Jfent^ at
the cemer öl the Deäk-Plätz and Blisabeth-Platz (Brfcs^bet-Ter); *Leikttm,
Andrasfly-Str. 48; JToton^er, Josephs-Platz 2; ^/SVmon, Elisabeth -Platz 1,
moderate charges^ *Ofdra^ Andraasy-Str:, opposite the' Opera. — Two
»f the beat of the dishes peouliar to the Hiingirian causihe are "^Paprika-
huhn^.fowl prepared with ^paprika\ a kind of strong pepper, and ^Gulyäs^
baked meat with paprika. , ■ .

Gafi^i, At most of the hotels. Also, Zur Krone^ Waltznergasse \ Kiosk,
Elisabeth -Promenade; Orqnd CaH Lloyd^-in the. Exchange, Franz-Joseph-
Quai ; Szidon, Thonethof ; Karl, Josephs-Platz; H<mgVs Kiosk in the Re-
douten<;Färk (p, 8M); Mttzevfß^ adjoining the National Museum (p. 342);
Kohl^ Franziskaner-Bazar, adjoining tSe .University Library; Kärolyiy 3o-
sephs-PlatzÖ; *Se«naR», *(>p^a, Andrassy-Str. ; Zur Stadi Venedig ^ Palatin-
gasse. . ' ■'

OonfeotiOBeni. *Kuglery Gisela-Platz (Gizella-T^r; good ices); Egffer,
Blisabeth-Platz; Kehrer^ Sebastians-Platz; Bauer, Andrassy-Str.

Gaba. On&-hOAie cab (Comfortabi») to or from the Pest railway-stations
or the I steamboat-piers 70 kr. ; per 'I/4 hr. 25 kr., y^ hr 40 kr., 1 hr. 80 kr.,
each addit. 1/4 hr. 20 kr. Two-horse cab (Fiater) to or from the steam-
boat-piers 1 fl., to or from the Pest railway-stations 1 fl. 80 kr. ; 1/2 hr.
80 kr., 1 hr. 1 fl., each addit. V« hr. 25 kr. Between 10 p. m. and 6 a. m. and
outside the municipal limits fare and a half. — Tunnel toll 6 or 10 kr. ;
bridge-toll (incl. return) 14 or 21 kr. Each article of baggage outside
10 kr. — The drivers frequently decline employment at these fares. Each
vehicle contains a table of fares, the driver^s number, and a form for com-
plaints.

Tnunwaya run through the principal streets (comp, the Plan) : 1. From
Pest to Neu'Pett (UJ Pest; white lamp, fares 10, 15, 20 kr.). — 2. From
Pest to Bleinhruch (Köbänyai red and white flag, red lamp, fares 10, 16,
20 kr.). — 3. From the Austrian Station to the Stadtwäldchen (Värosliget;
board and lamp greoi; 10 kr.). — ^,4. From the Ludoviceum to Alt- Ofen
(Ö Buda; flag blue, red, and yellow, lamp blue; 12, 18 kr.). — 5. From
the Stadtwälddien to the Üllöer Barracks (red and green flag, red and
white lamp; 10 kr.). — 6. From the Karlsiaseme to Auwinlke (Zügliget;
tflag and lamp yellow ; fare 27 kr., to the Zahnradbahn 1ft kr.). — 7. From
the Slaughter Souse (Vigo Hid) to the Austrian Station (white and blue flag;
10 kr.). — ^ 8. From the BrUdtenkopf to Auwinkel (flag and lamp red and
white; fare 22 ^..to the .Zahnradbahn 10 kr.) — 9. From the BrUcketUiopf
to Alt-Ofen (white lamp ; 10 kr.). — 10. From the Kerepeseher-Str, to the Ste-
phansgatse (green flag). — Zahnradbahn to the top of the Schwabenberg,
see p. 3i6.

Omnibusea run to the Pest Bailwaif Stations (20 kr.), to the 0/en Stations
(90 kr.), to most of the Baths at Ofen (p. 347 ; 8-12 kr.), to the Stadt-
wüldehen (10 kr.), etc.

Bailway Stations. 1. Central Station (Kozponti Pilya-udvar) of the
Hungarian State Bailway (PI. H, I, 4), at the end of the Kerepescher-Str.
for trains to Vienna (via Brück), Belgrade, Bosnia, Bucharest, Fiume,
Tamow, and Oderberg. — 2. Austrian Clovemment Railway Station (PI. E,
2),. at the IT. extremity of the long Waitzner-Bing, 1 H. from the hotels on
the Danube,' for the trains to Vienna (via Marchegg), Teme#vir. Orsova,
Bisiis, and Bucharest. — 3. 0/en Station (S. Railway; PI. A, 4), in the
Christinenstadt, for trains to Stnhlweissenbnrg and Fttnfkirchen. The last
two are connected with the Central Station by a loop-line, crossing the
Danube below the town (PI. F, G. 9). — Intelli^nee Office in the Bötet
Bungaria (see p. 338).

Steamboat«. The Vienna steamers land at the Franz - Josepl^ s - Quai,

Babdekeh's S. Germany. 6th Edit. 22

338 Route 64. PEST. . Theatres,

below the suspension-bridge. — Local Steamboats. Small screw-steamers
ply between Pest and Ofen every 5 min., starting in Pest from the pier 9
at the upper end of the Rudolfs - Quai , the Bedoute, the Schwur- Platz,
and the Custom House (fare 7 kr. or 5 kr., return 13 or 9 kr.). Larger
steamboats, making a more extended trip, which includes several piers
in Pest (custom-house, parish- church, Academy) and Ofen (Bruckbad,
Bomben-Platz , Kaiserbad) and also the Margarettien-Insel, Alt-Ofen, and
!Keu-Pest, start every hour (Ist el. 7-15 kr., 2nd cl. 5-13 kr.). Steamboat
from the Academy to the Margarethen-Insel (Marget Ssiget) direct every
hour (there and back 32 kr., on Sun. and holidays 40 kr.). A notice-board
is exhibited at the piers showing the destination of the next steamer.
Smoking is prohibited on the local steamboats.

Post and Telegraph Olllce, (PI. E, 5), Kronprinzgasse (Koronaherczeg-
Utcza), with another entrance in the Grenadiergasse (Gränätos-Utcza).
Branch post-offices in most of the municipal districts and at ttie railway
stations. — Postage for a letter within the town 3 kr., for Austria, Hungary,
and Germany 5 kr., for other countries in the Postal Union 10 kr.

Baths. At Pest: Dianabady Franz- Josephs-Platz ; ^Qschteindt^ ÜUöer-r
Strasse (ÜUöi-TJt)} Eüenbad, Königsgasse 61. — At O/en, see p. 347.

Theatres. National Theatre (PI. F, 6), Kerepescher-Str., admirable
comedy, excellent orchestra, performance daily in Hungarian ; boxes 7 or

9 fl., fauteuil in the parterre (stalls) or balcony (dress-circle) 2 fl., reserved
»eat 1 fl. 50 kr., side-seat in the parterre 1 fl. 20 kr. — Royal Opera House
(PI. E,4), Andrassy-Str., performances on Sun., Tues., Thurs., & Sat.; boxes

10 or 12 fl., stalls 2-3 fl., dress circle 1-1 V« fl., reserved seat in the third
tier Vs- 1 fl. tickets for the opera may be obtained at the box-office, 10-1
and 3-5, and for all the theatres at the Theatrical Agency^ Kronprinzen-
gasse. — Volks- Theater (PI. G, 5), a handsoine building in the Kerepescher-
Str., open daily (popular pieces, operettas). Oerman ThetUre^ WoUgasse
(Gyapju-Utcza; PI. £,3), dramas, farces, and operettas; boxes 6-12 fl., stalls
1^2-272 fl-f parterre 1 fl. 20 kr.-2 fl. — Arena, (summer-theatre in the Stadt-
wäldehen (German). — At Ofen: Festungs- Theater , three or four times
weekly (company of the National Theatre). Open-air theatre Horvath-
garten (Horvath-Kert ; PI. B, 5), near the W.end of the Tunnel.

Popular Resorts and Excursions. The * Mar garethen- Insel , in the
Danube , above the town (see p. 344). — The Stadtwäldchen, see p. 344. —
The Orezy Garden (Orczy-Kert), at the end of the Üllöer-Strasse, to the
S.E. of the town (tramway, no. 4, see p. 337). — Steinbruch, reached either
by railway or tramway (>/4 hr.), with the town resveroirs and large pigge-
ries ('SzälUs'*, pronounced sallash). — Blocksberg (p. 346). — * Schwabenherg
(p. 346). — Auufinkel (Zügliget), reached by tramway in '/* ^'' (20 kr.). —
Gödöllö, a royal chdteau and park (railway in V4-IV4 ^r., p. 368). — Föth^
p. 349.

Promenades. Elisabeth- Platz (Erzs^et-T^r ; PI. E, 4), a favourite
resort of the middle classes, with a tasteful kiosk (concerts in winter);
a military band plays here thrice weekly in summer. — Josephs - Platz ,
less po|>ular. — The Szichenyi Promenade, (PI. D, E, 4), on the S. of the
Ncugebaude, the Museum Garden, «nd the Redouten-Park (Vigadö-Tdr),
with its elegant kiosk, are also favourite resorts.

English Consul; W. A. C. Barringtony Esq. — American Consul i B.
Sterne, Esq.

Presbyterian Service (Free Church of Scotland) at 11 a.m., in the
Protestant church, Mondgasse.

The towns of Pest, Ofen (Hnngar. Buda), Alt-Ofen (6 Buda)y

and Steinbruch (Köbdnya) were formally united in 1873 under the

name of Buda-Fest, and this city is the capital of Hungary, and the

seat of the Imperial Diet, of the Hungarian ministry, and of the

supreme court of justice (CJuria Hegla). Pop. 440,000(31ö,OOORom.

Cath., 46,000 Plot., and 70,000 Jews). Buda-Pest is divided into

National OaUery, PEST. 64. Route, 339

ten municipal districts, but it is more convenient to treat of it under
the two heads of Pest, or the quarters on the left bank, and Ofen,
or those on the right.

a. Pest.

Pt6% was founded by the Romans, and was a place of importance
early in the middle ages, but feU into decay during the Turkish
wars in the 16th and 17th cent., and has only regained its former
prosperity within the last 150 years. Next to Vienna, it is now the
most important place in Austria, especially on account of its extensive
grain- trade. A number of handsome buildings have sprung up since
the middle of this century, and extensive alterations, including the
formation of a girdle of spacious 'Ring-Strassen' round the town and
improvements on the river, are approaching completion. The finest
part of the town adjoins the Danube (Rudolf s-Quai, Franz-Josephs-
Quai,and Franz- Josephs-Platz), along which extends a row of buil-
dings, some of them very handsome, upwards of 2^2 ^' ii^ length.

On the Franz- Josbphs-Platz (Ferencx-Joas«/"- Ter; PI. D,4),
opposite the suspension-bridge, rises the * Academy, a handsome
Renaissance edifice designed by StiiUr^ and erected in 1862-64. The
aim of the institution, which was founded by Count Stephan Sz^-
ch^nyi, and numbers 300 members, is to encourage the study of the
Hungarian language and of the various sciences. The elegant vesti-
bule, borne by marble columns of different colours, contains a
statue of Franz Deäk. On the ground-floor, to the left, is the
Library (open daily, 10-4). On the staircase are statues of the
Hungarian poets Michael Vörösmarty (1800-65 ; left) and Alexander
Kisfaludy (1772-1844). The vestibule on the first floor contains
portraits of eminent deceased members of the Academy. The room
In which the meetings of the Academy take place is adorned with
Hungarian landscapes by Ligeti; and the board room contains a
few portraits and a picture by Alex. Wagner (Flight of Isabella
of Transylvania). The lofty Reception Room , used on state oc-
casions , when the meetings are open to the public , has a gallery
supported by 24 columns of red marble, and a vaulted ceiling rest-
ing on Caryatides. The second and third floors are occupied by the
*Katio]ial Picture Gallery, formed of the celebrated Esterhdzy QaU
lery, which was purchased by the state in 1865 for a sum of
1,300,000 fl. (admission gratis on Sun., 9-1, and Wed. & Frid.,
9-12 and 1-5; at other times on application to the director at
the building , entr. from the Akademiegasse). The collection con-
sists of about 800 pictures (including 50 Spanish ; 6 Murillos) ,
50,000 engravings, and 2000 drawings. New catalogue in prepara-
tion in Hungarian, French, and German.

Second Floor. Room I and II. Flemish, German, and Hungarian
Schools of the 15-16th centuries. *'16i. Memlinff, Crucifixion*, 16. Me.
Lucidel^ A patrician of Nuremberg (1541), and three other portraits j L.
Cranachy 1t8. Marriage of St. Catharine, 179. The Virgin mournings *A.
Dilrerj Young man. The vestibule of B. II. contains a marble bust of

22*

340 BouU 54. PEST. National Oalltry.

Archbp. Prrker and portrait« of Prince Kiebdlas Bsterhafcy aiid Kifihop
Ipolyi. ^ Room III. : Italian Masters. *71. BoUraffio (?), Madonna; luim^ ^4.
Madonna with Child, St. Catharine, and St. Barbara,, .^TÖ. Madonna witb
St. Elisabeth and John the Baptist; Andrea del Bartto^ SO. Madonna, 87.
Madonna and safntfl**, 84. Matzolini^ The Woman taken in adultery \ 85.
Oiulio Romano^ Diana and Endymion;^. Broiurjtfio, 30> Venus, Love, and Jea-
lousy, 90. Adoration of the Shepherds;- "^94. Ccrreggio, Madonna and Child,
with an angel; lOi. Parmegffianinö^ Holy Family wl^ '8(. Francis; 108.
DoMSO Dossil Holy Family, with St. Elisabeth, John the Baptist, and two
angels; '^118. Bcusanoy A cardinal; 119. Veronese^ Keptune paying homage
to Venice; *146. Tintorett», Christ healing the sick. —Book IV. Italians. 4.
DtKcio di Buomntegna^ John the Baptist in the Wildertiess; 14. Giovanni
d^Atciano^ Crucifixion ; 17. Niccolo da Foligno^ St. Bernardino of Siena; 20.
Ouidoccio Cozzarellü Madonna enthroned; 28. Margaritone d'Arezzo, Cruci-
fixion; *^92. Oiolto^ Female head f fresco); *i^ Ridolfo GMrlandaJo, Adora-
tion of the Shepherds (1610); *63. Corre{fgio^ Holy Family (amall)-, *48.
Pinturicchio (?), Madonna; *49. Francesco Francia^ Madonna and Child with
John the Baptint; Raphael^ 53. Portrait of a man, *Ö4. Madonna (1507; un-
finished) •. 05. Palma Veeehio^ Violante (much injured); *67. CriwUi^ Ma-
donna; 61. Oifna da Conegliano^ Madonna; 68. Oirol. da Treeiso^ John the
Baptist; 69. Vincenzo Catena^ Holy Family and saint; 70. Oirolamo da
Sania Croce^ St. Catharine. — Flemish School. Boon V. 206. Eeekhouty
Girl and fortune-teller (1669); *214. Sehool of Rembrandt^ Christ before
Pilate; Rem'randt, «Best on the flight into Egypt, 215. Portrait; *220.
Jan Bteen, Bnstio entertainment; 221. Rembrandt^ (>ld man (1642); ,Atb.
Cnyp. »224. Landscape with cattle, tÄZö. Dutch family. — Boom VI. 228,
2B1. MiereoeU^ Portraits; 229, 280. Raoesteyn^ Portrait«; *284. Thorn, de
Keyssr, Portrait; «337. Fr. HaU^ Portrait; 240. r^rbuiVv Soldiets »t An'inn;
Wouverman^ 241. Horses being watered, 246. Horseniealer. — JU>om VII«
260. Everdingen^ Biver-scene; *276. Jae. Rupsdael^ Biver-Bcen6; 2di. JBver-
dingeH^ Mill ; . ^263, 264. 8. van Rüy»dtul^ Landscapes. Four landscapes by
8. de Vlieger. three by A. van der Neer, and one by A, van Beeren. —
Boom VlII. 285, 289. Uack van Ostade, Bustie scenes; Ad. van Ostade^
291. Man cutting feathers, *292. Fisherwoman; 296. Paul Potter.^ Cattle. —
Boom IX. Weenix, 807, Hunting- park, 312. Boy with sponges and game;
J/ondecoeter y 313. Fight between a peacock and fowl, 31$. Wate^wl;
*314. Fr. Hal* the Younger, Still-life; *303. Ä. van Beyeren, Still-life;
Ruthard, 320. Stag-hunt, 321. Boar-hunt (1663); 823. Hamflton, Dead game.
— Booms X. and XI. contain nothing of importance. — Boom XII. 396.
Denner, Portrait of the Artist; A. vetn der Werff^ 398. Sasanni^ at the
bath, 401. Entombment ; 402. JfetscTter, Portrait.

Third Floor. Boom XIII. 416. Van Dpek, The Trinity; 433. Sn^dere,
Cock and hawk; Rubem, 441. Fall of the damned, 448. Mutius Seaevola
before Porsena; *447. Jordaene, Satyr and peasant. — Boom XIV. *464.
A. van Dyck, Man and woman (an early work, painted under the influence
of Bübens, to whom it has been ascribed); 462. Leemuuu^ St. Joseph and
the Infant Christ; 467. Com. de Fm, Porirait-piece ; 472. Ryckaerl, Al-
chemist. — Boom XV. *477. QontcUet Coquet, Musical party; 485. Temen,
Village -doctor; 417. Claude Lorrain, Landscape. — French School.
Boom XVI. contains nothing important. — Boom XVII. Rigaud, 660.
Portrait of Elieabeth Charlotte, duchess of Orleans, 561. Portrait of (Car-
dinal Fleury; 662. ^/ancAaW, St. Jerome; 672. (7r<t(r«, Girrs head; 661.'
Jot. Vernetz Landscape. — Italian and Spanish Schools. Boom XVIII. l/io-
rinari, 669. Judith, 661. Herodias ; v76. Ogoli, Madonna; 685. Carlo
Doleiy Madonna; 709. Padovaw'no, Venus. — Boom XIX. 713. Luoa (Hor-
dano. Flight into Egypt; Ribera, 734. St. Sebastian, 736. St. Paul; 747.
Moya, Portrait of himself; Murillo, Tb'i. Portrait, *TO5. Holy Family, 756.
Flight into Egypt, 759. Christ breaking bread, 760. St. Joseph and the Infant
Jesus, 66. Mary with the Infant (1676); Alomo Cano, 762. St. John in Pat-
mos, 764. Christ appearing to Mary Magdalene; 777. Juanen, The Sayiour.

In front of the Academy rises a bronze Statue of Count Stephan
Sz^chenyif by Engel, on a pedestal adorned with allegorical flgu^QS,

Redoute Buildings. PEST. 54. Route. 341

On the E. side of the Franz- Josephs-Platz are the hotel Erzherzog
Stephan, the Frinee of Coburg* s Palace^ and the Dianabad (p. 338).
On the.B* side. is Lloyd^s (PL 4), with an Ionic portico. A statue of
Franx Deäk, hy Huszar, was erected in 1887 in front of this building,
while the centre of the square is to be occupied by an equestrian
statue of King Francis Joseph. In the Eötvös-Platz, to the S., is a
StcUue of Joseph von Eötvös (d. 1871), by Huszar, erected in 1879.

The*FRANz-JosBPHa-QüAi (Ferencz^J6z8efRakpart; PL D, E, 4,
5, 6), leaving the Fxanz-Josephs-Platz to the S. , skirts the Danube
to the Custom-house (see below). This magnificent street, to which
carriages are not admitted, contains the most fashionable cafes, and
forms the faTOurite promenade in Pe^. On fine summer-evenings
it is thronged with a gay 6rowd of passenger's , while the hund'^
reds of chairs and benches (chair 3 kr.) are also geneTally . oc-
cupied. This Qual leads past the new Exchange to the Redouten-
Park ( VigadO'Tdr; caf^, see p. 337), to the E, of which rise the ex-
tensive Bedoiite BaildlngB (^Vigadö; PL D, 6), erected, in the
Romanesque-Moorish style, containing ball, concert, and other rooms
magnificently fitted up. The staircase is adorned with frescoes of
Hungarian legends by Them and Lotz. The 'Credenzsaal' is em-
bellished with two large mural paintings : Wagner, Tournament of
King Matthew ; Lotz, Banquet of Attila.

Farther along the Quai is the imposing building of the
Hungarian Insurance Company, adjoiried by the Grand Hotel
Hungaria (PL a). The street then skirts one side of the shady
Petofi' Platz (^Petofi Tir; PL D, E, 5), called after the Hungarian
poet Alexander Petöfl (1822-49), whose statue In bronze, by Izso
and Huszar , embellishes the square. On the farther side of the
Platz is ih6 small 0re6k Cftnrcli , fitted up in the interior in the
manner peculiar to the Greek ritual. The choir is separated from
the nave by an Ikonostasis, or screen covered with paintings of
Greek saints. Divine service at 3 p.m. A few paces farther on, in the
Schvjur-Ptatz (Esku Tir), Is the Stadt -Pfarrkirche (PL E,5), or
Parish Church, the oldest church in Pest, built in the Gothic style
in 1500. The roooco facade was added in 1726. At the back of it
in the Rathhaus - Platz (Yäroshäz T^r), is the Alte Bathliaas,
built in 1844 , with a peculiar tower. In the Leopoldsgasse (Lipöt
Uteza), farther to ihe 8., is the Hew Sathhaus (PL E, 6), built by
Steindl in the early-Renaissance styl«, and containing a handsome
staircase and a magnificent hall embellished with marble, and alle-
gorical frescoes by Lotz.

The last of the new buildings on the Danube is the large new
Ofuibom Home (FofomAas; PL E, F, 6), connected with a loop-
line for goods traffi« joining the Pest and Ofen railway - sta-^
tions. Near it is the 'Elewitor ' (PL F, 7), a massive oonstruotion,
vsed in shipping grain. — To the N.E. of this point. In the Soxok-
sarergasse, on the Bakdcs-iPlatz (PL f, G, 7), is the new Frani-

342 Route 54. PEST. National Museum,

atadt^Ckurch, a Romanesque edifice erected by Ybl in 1867-79 and
adorned with frescos by Than and Lotz. — Outside the town , in
the continuation of the Soroks&rergasse (tramway, see p. 337},
stands the new Slaughter House (Vago Bid; PI. H, 9), erected
by Hennicke in 1870-72 ; the two colossal groups of bulls at the
entrance are by R. Begas.

The Zollamts-Ring (Yimh&z Körüt) leads eastwards from the
Custom-house to the Calvin - Platz (Calvin -T^r; PI. F, 6), em-
bellished in 1883 with a monumental Fcuntam. On the S. side is
the plain Reformed Church,

No 12 in the broad ÜUöer Strasse (ÜUöi üt, PI. F-J. 6, 7),
which issues to the S.E. from this square, is the Kö%telek (No. 12),
which contains the Agricultural and Educational Museums (open
Sun., Mon., and Thurs. 10-12 and 2-4). Opposite the Koztelek
is the new Clinical Institution. Farther on in the same street, on
the left, are the Botanic Garden (PI. H, J, 7; open daily 9-12
and 2-7), and the Ludovieeum (PI. J, 7), built by the country in
1837, and now an academy for officers of the Uony^ds, or Hungarian
militia. Behindt he Ludovieeum is the Orezy Garden (p. 338).

Pest cannot boast of many scientific collections. The most im-
portant are those in the *Vational Museum (PI. F, 5), a hand-
some modem edifice in the Museum-Ring to the N.E. of the
Calvin -Platz (entrance at the side, to the left). Admission
gratis (9-1) to the Collection of Hungarian Antiquities on Tues-
days and Fridays » to the Natural History and Ethnographical Col-
lections on Mondays and Thursdays , and to the Picture Gallery on
Wednesdays and Saturdays and eyery third Sunday ; on other days
by payment of a fee (50 kr.).

Antiquities. Ist Roam. Coins, articles in stone and bronze. —
3nd Room. Articles in iron of the time of the ^Völkerwanderang\ or great
migrations of the Germanic nations. — 3rd R. fi,oman antiqaities. —
4th R. Weapons : halberds of Transylvanian princes \ sabres of historical
personages, «. g. Stephen and Gabriel Bathori (Princes of Transylvania),
Peter the Great, John Hunyadi (father of Matthew GorTinus)^ a curious
sword dating from the Crusades, Turkish weapons and saddles, two saddles
of the Emp. Sigismund with admirable reliefs in bone. — 6th R. Mediae*
val trinkets, goblets in gold and silver, dishes with reliefs ; knives, forks,
and spoons of Frederick the Great, captured at the battle of Kolin. —
eth R. Seals, furniture, clocks, etc. — 7th R. Articles in earthenware,
glass, and metal. — 8th R. Plaster casts.

The Natural Histokt and Ethnoobaphical Collsction is chiefly
composed of ol^ects collected in £. Asia by Johannes Xantus for the
Hungarian Government in 1869-70 (about 9000; catalogue 20 kr.). — The
PiCTDSB Gallebt, Comprising about 400 Italian and Hungarian works, a
large number of which were presented by Ladislaw Pyrker, Archbishop
of Erlan (d. 1847), is mediocre. Catalogue 90 kr.

The garden of the Museum contains bronze busts of Bertsinyi,
Kisfaludy, Kazinczy, and other Hungarian poets. Adjacent are the
handsome mansion of Count Karolyi , in the French Renaisssnce
style (sumptuous interior), and the houses of other Hungarian
magnates.

Bynagögut, PEST. 5^. ttouU, 343

In the S&ndorgasse, opposite the Mnseuni) is the Abgeordneten-
hana (PI. F, 6), or Hall of the Hungarian Diet , erected in 1866
(cards of admission to the meetings obtained at the office in the
building). Near it are the new PolyttelmUi School (Mnsenms-Ring
4), the Veterinary InstUuUj in the Rottenbillergasse, and the Phy-
8iologieal IfHstitute ^ in the Esterh&zygasse, all admirably fitted up
and worthy the attention of the specialist. — In the Kbrbpbschbr-
Stkassb (Pi. F, G, H, 6, 4) is the National Theatre (PL 26 ; D, 5),
a simple building externally, but well fitted up. Adjacent, in the
old Beleznay Garden, is the Technologie<il Exhibition (daily, except
Sat., 9-1 and 3-5), a coUection of no great importance. In the same
street, farther up, is tiie VoUcs-TJieater (p. 338). — In the neigh-
bouring Tabaksgasse (Dohäny-Utcza) is the *BjjaLgogvLe (PL F, 5),
a modem Moorish building in brick, with substructure of red marble.
The New Synagogue, in the ac^acent Rombachgasse (Pl.E, F, 4),
was built by Wagner and Kallina in 1872.

Farther on in the Landstrasse is the extensive Karls-Kaserne
(Kair6ly-Ldk6tanya; PI. E, 6), the old Pemionets' Hospital^ erected
by £mp. Charles VI. ; the chief facade, towards the Grenadiergasse
(Gr&nfitos-Utcza), was constructed in the Renaissance style by Mar-
tinelli. Opposite stands the new Post and Telegraph Office (p. 338),
with a rich Renaissance facade.

We may now cross the Serviten-Platz (Szervita-Ttfr) and the
De&k- Platz to the EHidbeth^Platz (Erzs^et-T^r ; PI. E, 4), with
its pretty pleasure-grounds. The Kioaqw here is decorated with
frescos by Than and Lotz. In the neighbouring Josephs-Platz (PI.

D, 4) is a Btatne of Arohdnke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary from
1796 to 1847, erected in 1868 from a design by Halbig, — The
Palatingasse (N&dor-Utcza) leads hence to the N. to the SsSchenyi
Promenade (PL D, E, 4) and the Neugehäude (17/ Epultt; PI. D,

E, 3), a huge pile of barracks built by Joseph II. in 1786 , soon to
be removed to make way for projected improvements.

On the Wjutzbn Bovlbvard {Vdcti-Korut ; P\. E, 2-4) rises
the Leopoldstadt Church (PI. E, 4), a Romanesque edifice, begun
in 1851 by Hild , continued by Ybl, but not yet completed. —
The ^Andbasst-Stkasbb (PL £-H,4-2), IVs M. long, and flanked
throughout its entire length by handsome edifices resembling those
in the Ring- Strasse at Vienna, leads straight to the E. from this
boulevard to the Stadtwäldchen. On the left side of this street
rises the handsome new Opera^House (PL E, 4), with 1270 seats,
built (1870-74) in the ItalUn Renaissance style by Ybl, and on
the right are the Offices of the Hungarian National Railway, with
Kuschet's itestaurant (p. 337) on the ground-floor. At the octagon,
where it intersects the outer Rlng-Strasse (still unfinished), the
Andrissy-Strasse attains a width of 150 ft. Farther on the most
conspicuous buildings are the Academy of Music, the *KünsÜer'
haus, in the Italian Renaissance style by Lang, containing a per-

344 RouU 64. PEST. 8tadt\Bäldehen.

mxxi^TiX Exhibition (adm. 30 kr.), and the National Drawing School
by RaaBoher, with a taitefal fa^de oniamented witb sgraffiti. The
street then again expands and forms the Bondeaiü{ a circular pUice
surrounded with villai ;'to the light is the Artna^ or summer-theatre
(p. 33d). The last part of the street is flanked by villas wil4< gar-
dens. At the end is an Artesian Well, and on the other- side of the
Stadtwäldchen is the Exhibition of Native Jhdustries,

The *8tadtwaldip]|^c» (Fdfosgi^t; Fa..£[,.J,.i, 2; omnibus, see
p. 339) to the£. of the town, isa.^fatoarlte resort on Sunday after-
noons. During the bombardm^t of 1849 ^almost all the inhabi-
tants took refuge here* The large pond is -used for boating in
.summer and skating :in winter (on. the banklthe new pavilion of
the Skating Club). The two islaads are oalledL the Sz^chenyl-
or Draht-lnsel (caf^) and Palatinal-Insel (formerly Pfauen-Insel ;
restaurant j with frequent eonoerts). The Zoolopieal Garden, pret-
tily laid out, also deserves a. vigil (adm. 30 kr. ; restaumnt).

The Hungarian imperial di^s-from the 10th to the i4th cent.
took place in the open air in the Bdkoafeld , an extensive plain to
the E. of the town, where 100,000 men are said frequently to have
assembled on these occasions.

The four Fairs annually held at Pest formerly pupplied one-:balf of
Hungary with the necessaries of life, in return for wood, raw hides,
honey, wax, Slibowitsa (a kind of brandy prepared from plums), <Src., hut
their importance is steadily declining.

In the Danube , opposite the upper end of the town, lies the
""KMrgarethea-Insel (^MargUßziget; PJ. D, 1), the property of the
Archduke Joseph, who has converted it, at an outlay of several
million of florins, into a nxost d^tghtful park. The steamboats call
both at the upper and lower end of the island. Near the lower
landing-place is a ^Restaurant , where a military band plays on
several evenings weekly in summer. A tramway, runs faenee in
10 min. (fare 10 kr.) along the W. side of the island (good view
of Ofen on the left, fine trees on the right) to the artesian well at
the upper end, opposite Alt-Ofen (p. 336). An elegant bath'^house
has been erected here, and the sulphur-sprijigs are used both for
drinking and bathing. Adjoining are two hotels and a number of
villas , which are occupied by the patients ; also a very popular
^Restaurant (gipsy-music daily in summer).

b. Ofen

is connected with Pest by means of an imposing *Su8pe2t8ioii Bridge,
erected by the Bnglish engineers Tiernay and Adam Clark; in
ld4%-49. The chsins are supported by two pillars, 150 ft. in height.
Total' length 418 .yds., breadth 39 ft., height above the mean level
of the water 42 ft. Toll for foot-passengers, from Pest to Of^n only,
2 kr., one-horse cabs 14, two-horse 21 kr.

The iron HargarethenbrflekO {McirgüHid;V\. C, D, 1, 2) at
the upper end of the town, just below the Margarethen-Insel,- was

Moyat Palac6. OFEN. 64. Boute. 345

construoted in 1872-76 by a French company, and is in the fonn
of an obtuse angle, the apes. o£ which points up-stream. On each
side are three openings. Tber breadth 6t the roadway is 36 ft. , that
of eaoh^of the footw^y^;9ii. ; elevatioli ahoTe the mean level of
•tho. riyer 60. ft. The, Urge. buttreas: in. tiie. middle is to be con-
nected; with, the Margtirethen-Insel. — The' new iron Railway
Junetioii Bridge (Fl. F, 6, 9), below the Custom House, is borne
by Spiers 33 ft. high^ and spans the river in four arches. There is
a footway for the use of the public on each side of the rails.

The Tunnel (590 ft. long) which pierces the castle-hill , op-
posite the suspension-bridge, was also constructed by Adam Clark
(1803-06), and forms an important means of communication between
the Christinenstadt, with the S. Railway Station, and the river (toll
2 kr.).

Ofen was once a Roman colony (Aquineum, p. 336), the capital
of Lower Pannonia, and the headquarters of the only Roman legion
(Prima Adjutrix) in that province. Numerous antiquities of the
Roman period have been found here. In 1247 King Bela IV.
erected the royal palace, which from 1351 down to the first conquest
of Pest by the Turks after the Battle of Mohacs in 1526 was the
usual residence of the kings of Hungary. Sultan SoUman conquered
it in 1541 , garrisoned.it with 12,000 janizaries, and entrusted the
administration to a vizier. It remained for nearly 150 years in
the hands of the Turks, who were at length expelled< by the allied
Germans under Charies of Lorraine and Lewis of Baden in 1686.
The majority of the population is German.

The Foirtma» with the handsome royal chateau, crowns the
summit of a hill, around which the town is built.

The ascent is conveniently made by the Wire-Rope Railway.
The trains start every ö min. to the left of the entrance to the
tunnel, and stop near the Hentzi Monument in the Qeorgsplat%
(PI. C, 6) at the top (fare, there and back, 1st cl. 8, 2nd d. 6 kr.).
The most frequented carriage-road is the Albreckta'Straaae, ascend-
ing to the right from the bridge to the Wasterthor in windings, and
leadin^paat the small Proteatani Cburek to the Georgs-Platz . (A longer
road leading down the Danube to the left irom the bridge, and round
the castle - hill , eaters the fortress by the Borgthor on the S. side.)

The Heatii XenniiieiLt» to the memory of the general of that
name and 418 soldiers who feU while defending the fortress against
the Hnngarians in 1849, is a Gothic canopy in bronze, 66 ft. in
height, rising over a goonp representing an angel bestowing a crown
of victory on the dying hero. . The Hungarians destroyed the fortifl-
caiions on their snnender, but. they have since been reconstructed
with greater strength. — On the S. side of the Georgs-Platz is the
Arsenal f opposite to it the FdLact of the Minister FtetiiUnU
' The BojFBl Palaee {Kirdiy Falota; Pi. 0, 5), erected by Maria
Theresa, and partly burned down in 1849, has been restored in a

346 Route 54. OFEN. MaUhiaskirehe.

style of greater magnificence, and now contains 203 apartments (vis-
itors admitted during the absence of the king). The opening of
the Hungarian Diet takes place in the throne>room. The Hungarian
regalia (crown of St. Stephen, sceptre, orb, sword, coronation-
robes, &c.) are kept in a room in the left wing. The garden sur-
rounding the palace commands a beautiful view of Pest, and ex-
tends down to the river. At the foot of the garden is the handsome
Paldce Bazaar, facing the wide quay on the Danube. Adjacent is
a Caf^ (fine view).

From the Georgs-Platz we now proceed to the N., passing the
Protestant Church (see above) and crossing the Parade-Piatz , to
the HaupUPlatz or DreifaUigkeiU-Plati (PL B, 4). On the left of
this square is the Stadthaua of Ofen, while the iUkUptpfaxrkirche,
or Matthiaskirohe, an edifice of considerable architectural in-
terest, said to have been begun by King Bela lY^, rises on the
right. The original style was Romanesque , but the church was
freely altered during the 14th and lÖth centuries, from the latter
of which dates the lofty tower with the ooat-of-arms of King Mat-
thew Gorviuus. It was used as a mosque during the century and a
half of Turkish domination , and was afterwards restored in the
style peculiar to the Jesuits. King Francis Joseph and Queen Eli-
zabeth were crowned in this church in 1867. It is now undergoing
a thorough restoration under the superintendence of Schulek.

Farther to the N., in the Ferdinands-Platz (PI. B, 3), rises the
Oarriaon Churchy a Gothic building of the 13th cent., subsequently
much disfigured, especially daring the Turkish period.

We now return to the palace by the W. Baatei Promenade,
which commands an admirable view of the Christinenstadt, Raitzen-
stadt, and the Ofen Hills. The road from the Burgthor descends
to the Raiixenstadt (Hungar. Taban}, so called from its Rasdan in-
habitants ^ a race of Servian origin and of the Greek persuasion,
most of whom are vineyard-owners (see below). Greek service in the
church here on Sundays.

A broad carriage - road ascends from the Raitzenstadt through
vineyards to the (IV2 M.) Bloeksberg (793 ft. ; PI. 0, D, 6, 7).
The citadel at the top (no adm.), of little importance as a fortifi-
cation, commands a beautiful *View of both the towns (most fa-
vourable light in the afternoon). On the £. side the Blocksberg
slopes precipitously to the Danube, to which a footpath descends.

A more comprehensive survey is obtained from the *8oh.wftben-*
berg (1463 ft.), to the W. of Ofen , so called from the Swabian
troops who encamped on it after the expulsion oftheTurks in 1685.
Its villas and restaurants are very popular resorts in summer.
Tramway every hour (10 kr.) from the suspension-bridge to the
station of the Zahnradbahn ('raek-and-pinion railway'), which
ascends to the top of the Schwabenberg in 20 min. (hours vary ; en-
quire at the hotel or of the tramway officials ; there and back 40 kr.,

Kaiserhad. OFEN. 5d. Route, 347

Sundays 60 ki.). This is a charming drive through vineyards
and oak - plantations, and the views of Pest and Ofen increase
in beanty as we proceed on our way. The balcony of the old
Villa Eötvös (•Restaurant) at the top, near the station, com-
mands an exquisite *yiew : in the middle lies the sea of houses
forming the two towns, above which the Blocksberg and the castle-
hill seem scarcely to rise ; to the right we see the downward course
of the Danube for many miles, with the illimitable plain stretch-
ing to the S.E. ; on the left are the Margarethen-Insel, Neu-Pest,
and the Danube up to Waitzen , while nearer rises the Johannis-
berg ; below in the valley is the National Lunatic Asylum ; the
background to the N. is formed by the Tatra Mts., to the N.E. by
the Carpathians. — Beyond the Zahnradbahn station lies the Au^
Winkel (tramway, see p. 337), a mountain valley with numerous
villas and hotels, much frequented in summer.

Three powerful chalybeate and sulphureous hot springs (117°
Fahr.) , rising in the precipitous limestone rocks at the S. base of
the Blocksberg, are used for baths at the Bmekbad (PI. D, 6). In
the vicinity are two other baths of the same description, the •Baitsen-
bad, on the N. slope of the Blocksberg, and the Blockabad (PI. E,
7), on the Danube lower down. The former, used for bathing as
early as the reign of Matthew Gorvinus, was restored in 1860 (good
vapour-baths, ladies 1 fl., gentlemen 60 kr.). In the meadows at
the foot of the Blocksberg rise the Hunyadi^Janos, Franz'Joseph,
and other well-^known mineral springs.

Another bath founded by the Turks is the *KaiBeTbad, Hungar.
Czdsxar-Furdo (N. of PI. 0, 1), l*/* M. above the bridge, adjoining
a Turkish fortification on the river, with four round towers, now
converted into a mill. The temperature of the eleven springs here
varies from 80® to 150** Fahr. Large swimming-basins for gentle-
men and ladies. The caf^, colonnades, and gardens here, where a
band always plays, are a very favourite resort (reached by steamboat,

p. 338, or tramway). Adjacent is the Lucasbad.

On a hill, 8 min. walk from the Eaiserbad, in the midst of vineyards,
is situated the Tnrkiah Chapel, partly surrounded by a hoarding, a small
octagonal mosque, 25 ft. high, erected over the grave of the Shekh Gül-
Baba (^father o/rotes''), a Turkish ^santon^ or monk. Above the dome rises
a turret, adorned with the distinctive half-moon. The obligation to pre-
serve this monument forms the subject of a special article in the Peace
of Karlowitz, concluded between the flmperor and the Porte in 1699.

The Wharves in Ali-Ofen (p. 336) may also be visited. Per-
mission obtained at the building to the left of the entrance (tram-
way and steamboat from Pest and Ofen). — The vineyards of Ofen
yield enLcellent wine, of which AdUrshergef is the most, esteemed.

348

55. From Vienna to Peit viA Pressbarg.

1721/2 M. or 17Ö H. Railway in.d-9 hrs. (two expreas trftins a day). Trains in
connection run from tlie IfordbaJmho/ yia Oänaerndorf to Marfhegg (see below).

The train starts from the 8taattbahnhof (p. 187J, and passes
the large ArtilUry Arsenal (p. 23 IJ on the left, and then the
Simmering Railway Workshc^s, We then saccesBively cross the
Aspang Railway and the Danube Canal , traverse the Prater, and
cross the Danube by a long bridge. Beyond (61/2 M.) 8tad-
lau, junction of the Brunn and Prague line (j^. 322j, the rail'
way traverses the Marchfeld. 13 M. Uross^Enzersdoff^ 3 M. from
the village of that name on the Danube; 18 '/2 M. Siebtnbrunn;
231/2 M..8chönf€ld'La88€€. AH^'iS^/^M.^Uaxch^g^ (Rail. Restaur,)^
the ^Nordbahn', which runs from Vienna via Floridsdorf and Gan^
serndorf, joins the 'Staatsbahu'. To the right is the imperial chateau
of Hof. We cross the Mardi and reach (32 M.) Neudorf , at the N.
base of the Thebener Kogel (p. 334), and (37 M.) Blumtnau, where
the last action in the campaign of 1866 was fought. The line now
penetrates the S. spurs of the Carpathians by a tunnel, and enters
the station of Pressburg (p. 333; * Railway RestaurafU).

Beyond Pressburg the line is carried at a considerable height
along the hills, which are covered with extensive vineyards. —
46^2 ^* Weinem^ Ilungar. Präesa; 51 M. Lanschutz, Hungar.
CseklesZj with a chateau and park o£ Prince £sterhäzy. The LittU
('arpathians gradually become more prominent; on their S.K.
slope rises the white chateau of Bibersburg (p. 374). — 56 M.
Wartberg, Hungar. Szempcz , in a fertile undulating district ;
60 Y2 ^* Jf'ödemes; 66 M. Viöszeg, with large sugar-factory; 71 M.
Galdntha , with the ancestral chateau ot the Esterhazys (branch >
line to TyrnaUj p. 374). Immediately beyond (77^2 M.) Waag-
SeUye, the line crosses the Waag. — 80 M. Torn6cz. — 90 Y2 M,
Tot Megyer (Rail. Restaurant) , a village and castle belonging to
Count Karolyi , whence a branch-line leads via 8uräny to Neutra^
at the S. base of the wine-producing Neutragebirge ^ the seat of
a bishop, with an old castle on a rock (8660 inhab.), and to
Nagy-Belicz (1800 inhab.), with sulphur-springs.

97 M. Kenh&usel, Hungar. ßrsek Üjvär (Rail, Restaur.), a for-
merly fortified town on the Neutra, with. 11,200 inhab. — 100 M.
Udvard a considerable village with a pretty Gothic church. At
(105 M.) Perbete Is a model-farm belonging to tbe chapter of Gran.
The train now approaches the Danube , which between Gran and
Waitzen traverses a picturesque valley between the spurs of the
Mdtra, on the left, and the Bakonyer Wald on the right. — II6V2 M*
Köböl kut, amid extensive vineyards. — 124 M. Chran-Hiiw,
Hungar. Esztergom Nana (Rail. Restaur.), the station for (3 M.J
Of an (p. 335; carr. and pair 1^2 A» there and back 2 fl.).

From Gban-Mana to Ipoltsao, 33 M., Railway in 3-4 hrs. The line
follows the valley of the £!ipel. Unimportant stations. 121/« M. Csata. 33 Jl.
IpoljB&g» a district town with 3300 inhab., pleasantly situated.

BRÜCK. 5ß. Route, 349

Beyond Gran-Nana the train crosses the Gran^ which here forms
a number of islands at its confluence with the Danube. .128*72 M-
Kovesd^Esztergom is also a station for Gran (express trains do not
stop here : steam-launch meets each train, 30 and -24 kr.*). At
(133 M.)5bo6ö the £tpgJ(Hung. Ipoly) is crossed. Near Gross-Maros
the Visegrdd (jp. 335") comes- prominently into view.

1541/2 M. Waitzen (p. 336), an important-looking place. The
line now leaves the Danube and traverses meadows and fields of
maize. 159 M. God, with the adjacent villages belonging to Count
Karolyi; 161 V2 M. Dunakesz. On the hills to the right, on the
right bank of the Danube , lies the large town of 8zt. Endre, inhabi-
ted by Rascians (comp. p. 346). Near the station of (171 M.) Palota
is a shady park , with a restaurant , frequently visited from Pest.
About 3M. to the N.E. lies Föth^ an estate of Count Karolyi, with
a large park , and a handsome Romanesque church built by Ybl in
1845-56, the interior of which Is embellished with frescoes by"
Blaas and marble-work by Tenerani.

Passing next Neu- Pest (p. 336) on the right, and th« Städt-
wäldchen (p. 344) on the left, the train enters the* Stäatffbähn-
hof of Pest (p. 337).

56. From Vienna to Pest by Brack and Neu-Szöny.

163 M. Railway in B-SVz brs.-, fares 15 fl. 40, 10 fl. 90, 7 fl. 70 kr.
(express 17 fl. 10, 12 fl. 20 kr.).

The feain starts from the Staats-Bahnhof (j^, 187). Stations
Simmering and (5 M.) Schwechat - Klederling , where Dreher's.
extensive brewery is situated. To the right the Schneeberg rises
in the distance. The line crosses the Schwechat. Stations Lanzen--
dorf, Himbergy Guttenhof-Velmy SkiiA (12^/2 ^»^ Gramat-Neusiedlf
whence a branch -line leads by Pottendorf to Wier^r- Neustadt
(p. 267). To the left, on the FischoL, lies Ebergassing, with a chateau
and park of Conut Schloising. 17 M. Götzendorf; to the right the
LeithaMts, The line approaches the Leitha. . 19 M. Trautmannsdorf r
23 M. Wilfleinsdorf, Then (26 M.) Brack an der Leitha (Grüner
Baum; Rail, Restaurant), a town with 4400 inhab., and a chateau
of Count Q»rraohj to whreh aa interesting botanical garden and ex-
tensive pftrit are attached. The Leitha here forms the boundary be-
tween AuBtcta . and Hungary , and separates the empire into the
divisions known as Cisleithania and Transleithania.

In the distance to the right, near (SO M.) Pamdorf, is the Neu-
siedler See (p. 363). Stations Zürndorf, Strass-Somerein , and
(52 M.) Wiesetburg (Hungar. Mosony), on an arm of the Danube,
below the influx of the Leitha. Opposite is the island named the
Kleine Schutt (see p. 334). At the confluence of the Leitha and the
Danube, I8/4 M. to the N., lies Ungarisch - AUenburg (Hungar.
Magyar Ovar), with an agricultural school and a model-farm be-

350 R(mU56. RAAB.

longing to the Archduke Albrecht. To the right as far as the eye
can reach extends a vast heath (Tuszta'). — 62 M. Szt. Miklös,

74 M. BaabiHungar. QyorfLamm; Schiff; Weintraube; Railway
Restaurant) , the Roman Arc^ona , a busy commercial town with
21 ,600 Inhab. at the influx of the Raab into the Kleine Donau ('Little
Danube') , was once strongly fortified. The Cathedral of the 12th
cent, has been modernised. Under the handsome episcopal palace are
well-preserved dungeons dating from the Turkish period. The Hun-
garian Theatre lies on an island with pleasant grounds between the
Raab and the Danube. The lofty Feuerthurm commands a good sur-
vey of the town and environs. — Steamboat to Gönyöj see p. 334.

— Branch-railway to Steinamanger (p. 364) in 41/2 hrs.

On a spur of the Bakonyer Wald, 12 M. to the S.E. of Raab, lies the
celebrated Benedictine abbey of 8t. Martinsberg, one of the oldest and
wealthiest in Hungary, founded in the 10th cent, by Geisa, father of
St. Stephen. The Churchy in the transition - style of the i2th and 13th
cent., has a more recent crypt under the choir. The principal entrance
was erected in its present form by King Matthew in 1481. The throne of
St. Stephen, in red marble, is said to have been used by the saint when
hearing maas. In the Library, which contains valuable documents of the
11th cent, and 80,000 books, is preserved the cloak of St. Stephen (d. 1028),
made of a material resembling crape, adorned with drawings, and bear-
ing the inscription : Regina ccisula hee operata et data eeclesiae SanctiM Maria«
sitae in civitate alb: anno ineamationis XPI M: XXXI indietione XIII a
Stepftano Rege et Gisela r. — The tower commands an extensive view.

From Baab to Oedenbusg and Ebenfubt, Tli/a M. in 6 hrs. Most of
the stations are unimportant. — The park of Prince Esterhasy^s chateau at
(15V« M.) Esztarhdza contains the theatre in which most of Joseph Haydn''s
musical compositions were first performed. Haydn was conductor of Prince
Esterhazy's orchestra from 1760 till 1790. — 52 M. Oedenburg, see p. 353.

— 66V2 H- Eisenstadt (Ädler)^ at the foot of the Leitha Mts., with a large
chateau of Prince Esterhazy, erected in 1688, restored in 1806, and -fitted up
with regal magnificence. The beautiful gardens on the slopes of the hill,
the hot-houses of which contain upwards of 70,000 species of plants, com-
mand a view of the Xeusiedler See. The Leopoldinentempel contains a
statue of Princess Liechtenstein, n^e Esterhazy, by Ganova. Joseph Haydn
(d. 1809 \ see above), is buried in the pilgrimage-church of Maria-Einsiedel
near Eisenstadt. 71^/2 M. JYeufeld, is the station for the busy little town of
Ebenfurt^ situated on the railway fromPottendorf to Wiener-Neustadt (p. 267).

Stations Qyor Szt, Ivan, Szt, Jänoa^ Acs. Then (97 M.) Kea-
Szony (Rail. Restaur.), a fortified tete-de-pont of Komom (p. 335),
with which It is connected by a bridge-of-boats across the main

arm of the Danube.

From Nbu-Szönt to STUHLWBiBSRNBUEa, 52 M., railway in 4 hrs. —
The line turns towards the S. and traverses tbe wooded spurs of the Ba-
konyer Wald, which stretches hence to the Plattensee (p. 351). Stations
Nagy-Igmand, Kis-Bdr (with a large stud), Moor, Bodaik, Moha. Stvhl-
loeisseti^urg, p. 351.

Beyond Neu-Szöny the railway quits the Danube, and gradually
turning to the S. E., runs in the direction of the hills. The
Roman Brigetio, where the Emp. Yalentinian I. died, lay between
(100 M.) Alt'Szony (p. 336) and the next station (106 M.) Almds
Füzit'ö. — 110 M. Totis or Tata T6v&r08 (Szarka ; Elster), a market
town with 10,250 inhab., on a lake (Nagy to), 23/4 M. long. In the
neighbourhood arc an ancient chateau belonging to Prince Ester*

PLATTENSEE. 57. Route. 351

hazy, stalactite caverns , marble-quarries, and clay-pits. — Sta-
tions Bdnfiiday Felso-Oalla, Szadr. At (132 M.) Bieska there is an
observatory. — Beyond (154^2 ^0 B^^tdapest KeUnfold (station for
Neu-Ofen'), the train crosses the Danube by an iron bridge, 435 yds,
long (p. 346), and reaches Budapest Franz8tadt, where, however,
express trains do not stop. Immediately afterwards we steam into
the Central Station at (163 M.) Pest (p. 336).

57. From Pest to Finme vift Stuhlweissenbarg and

Agram.

361 M. Railway in 17V»-25V4 hre. (fares 33 H. 53, 23 fl. 73, 15 fl. 2 kr.).

Starting from the ^Sudbahnhof (p. 337) at Ofen, the train pe-
netrates a long tunnel toPromontor (p. 355). Then TStiny(jp. 355),
on the Danube, Tdmok, Martonvdsdr (with a handsome chateau of
Count Brunswick), NySkj Velencze (to the right the Velenczer See,
partly drained), and DinnySs,

43 M. StnldweiBsenbuTg , Hungar. Szikes Fehirvdr (König
von Ungarn; Adler; Theatre Restaurant; Rail. Restaurant) j also
called Alba, the Roman Alba RegcdiSj or Alba Regia, was the town
where the kings of Hungary were crowned down to Ferdinand I.
It is now the residence of a bishop and capital of the province of
the same name. The town, which is widely built, and has a pop.
of 21,062, carries on an extensive trade in wine and fruit and con-
tains a large calico-printing work. Among the numerous handsome
buildings may be mentioned the Episcopal Palace and the new
Theatre, The Cathedral was erected on the ruins of the church of
St. Stephen, which was destroyed by the Turks in the 16th cen-
tury. The principal Platz is adorned with a bronze statue of the
Hungarian poet Vorosmarty, designed by Vay. Pleasant drive (one-
horse carr. 1 fl., two-horse 2 fl.) to the town vineyards, which are
carefully cultivated and interspersed with numerous villas. —
Railway to Neu-Stony and Komom see R. 56.

47 M. Szabad BdOiydn ; 59M. Lepsiny. — The train now reaches
the Flatteuee, Hutigar. Balaton, the largest lake in Hungary and
in S. Europe, 46 M. long, 3-9 M, wide, and abounding with fish.
The S. bank is flat, while the K. is bounded by a chain of hills and
volcanic peaks on which the esteemed Schomlauer wine is produced.
71 M. Siöfok lies at the exit of the small river Sio from the lake.

Steamboat hence twice daily in 1 hr. to Füred (ffotel Meyer), a water-
ing place with springs impregnated with carbonic acid, beneflcial in female
complaints, and mnch frequented by the Hungarian noblesse. In the
season (May to Sept.) the place is often crowded (B, at the Gurhaus, the
old and new Baths, Borvath^, or the Villas JSesy, Jokai^ Döry^ Hürrey,
etc., 1 fl. and upwards; cheaper at the villages of Füred and Ardee, 3/4 M.
distant).

The train skirts the S, bank of the lake. 80 M. Szäntöd. Op-
posite, on a long promontory, stands the church (18th cent.) of the
Benedictine j|bbey of Tihany, founded in 1054. 94 M. Bogldr. On

352 Route 57. AGBAM.

the opposite bank are the wiiie-produciiig'B<2<2ac«on, the ruin of
Csobänez (In the distance) , and the picturesque rain of Szigliget.
112 M. Keszthely; the smalltown,' with a chateau of Count Festetics, -
Mid a well organised abgticultuifal'inistitution, lies bii fhe'N. bank
of the lake, 51/2 M. from the railway, llift train stot» tle^-S.' bank.

125 M. Komdrvdros. 136 M. KBaiÜBtLtX}bT:Grö8tkirekeh(*RaU.
Restaurant) f a market-town with 18,400 iriliähf., is the junc^Oii"
for Steinamanger (p. 354) and Pragerhof (p. 274).

The next stations n^ MUra Kereaziüry' Legf&d\' w^ ('tÖ&M.')
Zdkdny (comp. p. 354), where the railways to Battcuzek and Fünf-
kircken (for Mohdcs and Estegg, see p. 331) diverge to the left.
The Agram line crosses the Vrave and enters the wooded and[ moun-
tainous region of Croatia. Most of the stations are unimportant.
164 M. Kopreinitz (Hun. KaTpronczd) : 183 V2 M. Kreuz (Hun. Korös)^
the chief town of a district, with 3650 inhabitants.

219 M. Agram, slav. Zagreb (Pruckner's Hotel; Kaiser von Oester^

reich; Weisses Lamm; Jägerhom; Krone; Dianabad), the capital

of the kingdom of Croatia, with 28,360 inhab. , picturesquely

situated about IV2M. from the Save, The town was partly dept^oyed'

by an earthquake on 9th Nov., 1880, but has since been rebuilt. Is

consists of two parts, the Upper Tovm and the hower ^owti. In

the former are the Palace ofihe.Banus (govemoy), the Archiepisco-

pal Palace, and the * Cathedral, a fine late-Gothic, edifice of. the

15th cent., with a rich E. portal and one tower Q^ly" completed.

The South Promenade commands a beautiful view of the valley .of

the Save. Most of the buildings in the lower town are modern..

The Jellachich-Platz here is adorned with a statue of the Banns

Jellachich (d. 1859). Agram is the seat of a University, founded

in 1874 , and of the 8. Slavonic Academy of ScienceSy which was.

established in 1867. The new Museum, in the Zrinyi-Platz, con-.

tains extensive collections of antiquities ^ coius , an^ ffpecinjbns

of natural history. About IY2 M. from the town^is the beautiful

Maximir Park^ . . . ,

Froh Agbah to Sissek, 33 If., railway in IVt-^ brs. Intermediate
stations, Oto*$-0oriea and Lehenik. From Bitsek (Rail. Restaarant \ 'Hotel
opposite the statlcm), which was besieged by the Turks in 1593, a eteaaq--
boat plies on the Save twice weekly. to Brod and Semlin (p. 368 j 30h'rs.).
— From Agram to Steinbrück see p. 275.

234 M. Zdencina; 2391/2 M. Jaska, 252 M. CarUtadt (Krone;
Stadt Fiume; Tegetthoff; München; Bail. Restaurant) , a fortress
and busy commercial place (6400 inhab.) on the Kulpa, A little
to the W, is the ruin of Dobovaz, The train now enters the district
of the Kapella Mts., which culminate in the Klek (p. 853).
2581/2 M. Dugaresa; 270 M. OeneraUkiStol. At (276 M.) Touin a
picturesque view is obtained of the ravine of the Touinsehiza. 287 M,
Ogulin (IO65 ft. ; Ooldr^ Stem; Hotel Muzek, at the station), a
picturesquely-situated little town with 4200 inhabitants, on the
Dobra, which here disappears in a rocky gully, 125 ft. in depth, to

.OEDENBÜRG* 5^. Route, 353

emerge again about 3M. to the E^ From Ogulin the ^^efc (3880 ft.)
may be ascended in 4 hrs. (with a guide).

Q^j The line now ascends rapidly; to the left are the slopes of the
Klek. 296 M. Oomirje. Near (300 M.) Verbovsko the train passes
through three short tunnels. At (30572 M.) Cameral- Moravice
(Rail. Restaurant), the train quits the Yalley of the Dobra. 311 M.
Skräd (212Ö ft.) , a picturesquely-situated place. The train de-
scribes a wide curve and passes through three tunnels. 323 M.
Delnice (2390 ft.), a market-town with 2600 inhabitants. Beyond
(328^2 M.) Lokue the train passes through the Sleme Tunnel,
340 yds. long, the highest point of the line (2740 ft.). It then
descends, crossing the Licanka Viaduct, to (334 M.) Fuzine;
the village lies 72 ^' ^^om the station. Beyond another tunnel lies
(3381/2 M.) Lie (2660 ft.), on the margin of the Karst plateau,
where the Adriatic Sea first comes in sight. The line sinks rapidly,
forming a long loop , to (344 M.) Plase , Meja , and Buccari. Fine
views of the sea. Lastly the train crosses the Fiumara (Recina),
penetrates the Calvarienberg, and reaches —

361 M. Finme (*Europa; Hotel de la VUle; Ooldner Stern;
Jagerhom), the only sea-port in Hungary and a place of considerable
Importance (20,000 inhab.). See Baedeker's Eastern Alps.

58. From Vienna to Mohdcs by Kanizsa.

280 M. Railway in IBV« hrs.

As far as (30 M.) Neustadt, see R. 40. The line here diverges to
the £. from the Semmering Railway and crosses the Leitha near stat.
Neudörfel. To the left rise the spurs of the Leitha Mts., which form
the boundary between Austria and Hungary. Stations Sauerbrunn,
Wiesen (Hungar. RStfalu'), On the hill to the right of the latter is
the Rosalieneapelle , below which lies the castle of Forchtenstein.
Beyond a deep cutting and a viaduct is stat. Mattersdorf, Hung.
Nagy Marion. An agricultural district is now traversed as far as
Oedenburg. Stations Marz-Rohrbach, Sehadendorf, Agendorf.

50 M. Oedenburg (König von Ungarn; Rose; Hirsch; Palatin;

RaiL Restaur.), Hungar. Sopröny, the Roman station Sopronium, is

a dull town with 23,200 inhab. (1/2 Prot.) , in which Hungarian

characteristics are little observable. The Benedictine church was

erected in 1529 with money found in a Turkish military chest dug

up in the neighbourhood. Important cattle-markets are held here.
The Neasiedler See (Fertö Tava) , V/2 M. to the E. , is a salt lake
72 M. in circumference, 10-12 ft. deep in the middle, but very shallow
near the banks. Towards the S.E. it terminates in a swamp iJSansag,
^floating turf), of greater extent than the lake itself. In summer when
the water is low, crystallised salt is found on the banks. A few years
ago the lake was entirely drained, and the cultivation of its bed was be-
gun, but the water has since returned.

Stations Zinkendorf, Hungar. Nagy Czeng (with a chateau of
Count Sz^chenyi), Schützen (Hungar. Lovo), Bükk, Aesäd.
Babdbkbr's S. Germany. 6th Edit, 23

354 BouU68. FÜNFKIROHEN«

90 M. tteuuuDMigtr, Hungu. Sxombathely (H^iH Sabona;
Qrüner Baum; Stadthaui; B<ül. Bettaur,), withlO^OOOiabab., oc-
cupies the site of the Roman Sabaria^ the capital of Pannonia,
founded by Claudius A.D. 48. Numerous Roman antiquities have
been found here. Remains of a triumphal aroh erected byOonst&n-
tius Ghlorus and other memorials of the Roman period are still
extant. The Cathedral , in the degraded taste of last century, is

sumptuously fitted up in the interior.

Uailwat to Raab (p. 360) in V/t brs.; to Btuhheeiuetiibwg, see p. 862 \
to Oratz, see p. 273.

Stations Molndri (where the Raab is crossed ; to the right lies
Vasvdr , Germ. Eiaenburg^j Egervär^ 8fA. Ivdn (where the Zdla is
crossed), Sit, Mikdly-Pdcsaf Qdse^ and (152Y2 ^0 Kanizsa
{Rail. Restaur. ; p. 352).

160^2 ^- Mura Keresztür (p. 352), on the 3fuf, which falls into
the Drove 3 M. lower down. The line foUows the left bank of the
latter. Stations Legr&d and (169 M.) Zdkdny (Rail. Restaurant),
the junction for Agram (p. 352). The marshy plain of the Drave is
now trayersed. Stations OölOy Berzencze, Vizvär, Baböcsa (with a
ruined fortress), and (204 M.) Bares (Railway Restaurant). The
train quits the Drave. Stations Dardny, (222V2 ^0 Szigetvdr
(once a strong fortress , celebrated as the scene of the death of its
heroic defender Nicholas Zrinyl in 1566, an event which forms the
subject of a drama by Th. Kömer), and (231 M.) SzL VMncz,

243M. Tünfkirchen, Uungar. Pec$ (*Nador; Wilder Mann;
Ooldnes Schiff; König Matthias; Rail, Restaur,), with 28,800 in-
hab., the capital of the province of Baranya and residence of a
bishop , is prettily situated. The Cathedral , a fine Romanesque
basilica with four towers, was restored in the original style in
1882. Beneath the choir is a crypt with double aisles, to which
eighteen steps descend. In the Domplatz, adjoining the S.£.
tower, is a Saeellum, a subterranean vault, probably a mortuary
chapel , of the 15th century. Five Mosques of the Turkish period
(1543-1686), three of them now in a ruinous condition, are still
extant ; the other two have been converted into the Stadikirche and
the Franciscan Churchy the latter with a minaret in good preser-
vation. Handsome synagogue. Extensive brown-eoal mines in the
neighbourhood, the property of the Danube Steamboat Co., with
a prettily-situated mining village (5000 inhab.). The slopes of the
hills yield excellent wine. 6 M. to the S. are the thermal sulphur-
baths of Harkdny.

The line turns towards the S. Stations Vszog, Aid, Trinitds.
269^2 M. Villdnyj well known for its wine, is the junction for Ess-
egg (p. 367). Finally Nimet-Böly (Tötös) , and (280 M.) Xoh&eg
(jp. 356).

355

59. The Danube from Pest to Orsova.

SVEAMBOAT f^om Pest on Tues., Thura., and Sat. (at 11 p.m.) to Bel-
grade in 22 hrs^, and to Orsova in 32 hra. From Pest to Mohacs daily
(at noon) in 10 hrs. (Fares to Hohics 6 fl. 82, 4 fl. 54 kr. j to Essegg
y fl..90, 6 fl. 60i to Neusatz-Peterwardein 9 fl. 60, 6 fl. 40 5 Semlin 11 fl. 70,
7 fl. 80; Belgrade 12 fl., 8fl.; Bazias 16 fl., 10 fl. 68; Orsova Ittfl., 12 fl.;
luggage to öemlin 78 kr., to Orsova i fl. 10 kr., small arUeles free. Food
extra. — The vessels are well fitted up, and provided with berths and
saloon-decks. Food and attendance good and not expensive. Tickets for
the voyage up the stream, as well as return-tickets, at greatly reduced rates.

Below Pest the Danube traverses the vast Hungarian plain. Scenery
monotonous, banks thinly peopled, and towns insignificant. Below the
influx of the Drau the scenery improves, and in the defile, 73 M. long, from
Bazias to below the Iron Gates it is grand at places. When the river is
low, the rapids and the Iron Oates are imp<assable for the larger steam-
boats, and passengers and goods are then transferred to smaller vessels at
Orsova, Moldova, or Drencova. The Danube Company possesses a fleet of
200 steam-vessels (passenger and tug-boats), but owing to the difficulties
of the river-navigation the traffic is comparatively inconsiderable.

The average hours of arrival are given, assuming that the steam-
boat leaves Pest at 11 p.m.

Pest, see p. 336. The vessel starts from the Franz-Josephs- Qua!
(p. 337), touches at Ofen, and then descends the stream, pass-
ing below the Bailway Bridge (p. 345)., To the right rises the
Blocksberg. A number of floating miUs are passed. The river di-
vides, forming the large island of Csepei, upwards of 30 M. in length.
The main arm flows on the W. side ; the Soroksdrer Arm on the E.

R. Sachsenfeld (Hungar. Albertfalva) , with a royal chateau on
the Danube, once the property of Prince Eugene.

B. Stat. Fromonior (station on the Pest and Trieste Railway,
p. 351) , a wine-growing place , in the upper part of which are a
number of rock-cellars converted into dwellings.

R. Stat. Tetenj/ (p. 351), with a dilapidated chateau. Left bank
marshy, and partly overgrown with willows.

R. Stat. Erd, otHam&saheg, with a massive tower of the Turkish
period and a chateau of Baron Sina.

R. Stat. Ercseny.

R. Ad^ny , below which the Soroksarer Arm rejoins the main
stream.

L. Lore^ at the S. end of the island of Osepel.

L. Toss, the station for the commercial town of Kun Szt. Miklös.

L. SzaUc Szt, Mar ton J then Apostag.

R. Stat. Dana Foldv^r (Hirsch), picturesquely situated on a
height, with 12,720 inhab. , near which sturgeon are caught in
considerable numbers.

L. Stat. Harta and Ordas, Then(r.) Stat. Paks, with 11,086 in-
habitants. Extensive marshes on both sides of the river.

L. Szt, Benedek. Numerous floating mills.

L. Stat. Kaloesa (König von Ungarn), an archieplscopal resi-
dence , with a handsome cathedral and several churches, 3 M. in-
land. Pop. 17,000. Scenery monotonous. Lower down, the wind-

23*

356 RouU69. MOHÄCS. The Danube from

ings of the river begin. The longest of these, on which the town of
Tolna lies, is eut off by means of a eanal. To the right, in the
distance, rise the Stegnard MU, , which yield a highly-esteemed wine .

R. Stat. Domborij for Tolna ; then Qemtnexy for 8%egizard.

L. Stat. Biga (Lamm), withl8,100inhab., an important grain-
market, the river-port of the Banska, one of the richest com-produe-
iiig districts in Hungary.

R. BdUi, where Roman antiquities have been found ; and stat.
Duna SxekesOj with a chateau and park; both villages picturesquely
situated. To the left is the island of Mohdes or Grosse Margarethen-
Jnsel (Nagy Margitszigeijj which is about 2Ö M. in length.

(7.50 a.m.) R. Stat. Kohies (Hotel Kretsehmayer), an impor-
tant market-town with 12,383 inhab. and five churches, and con-
sisting chiefly of thatched houses, is famed in history as the scene
of the disastrous battle of 29th Aug., 1526, in consequence of which
Hungary fell under the Turkish yoke. The battle-field lies to the
S.W. of the town. During the flight King Lewis II. perished in a
swamp near the village of Czecze. On 12th Aug., 1687, Charles of
Lorraine gained a decisive victory over the Turks , almost on the
same field , and thus delivered the country from their hated supre-
macy. The station of the Mohics and Fünfkirchen Railway (p. 354)
is close to the landing-place. The scenery continues unattractive.

R. Batiiui, with marble and alabaster-quarries, and relics of the
Roman period.

L. Stat. Bczddn lies at the mouth of the Frantens-Canalj which
connects the Danube and Theiss (67 M. long, 65 ft. wide, 6^2 ^^* deep) .

L. Stat. K^tMhin (Zum Schäfer; 11,000 inhab.), in a district
where flax is largely grown. The Bomerschemtej an intrenchment
13 ft. in height, and 19 ft. in width, extends hence to the Theiss.

R. Stat. Braueok, at the mouth of the Drau or Drove, a con-
siderable river, on which the strong fortress of Essegg (p. 367) lies
9 M. higher up (reached by a small local steamboat in 1 hr.).

Below the influx of the Drave the left bank of the Danube con-
tinues flat , while the right bank (belonging to Slavonia) rises in
low hills clothed with vineyards and fruit-trees.

R. Erdod, with the ruins of a considerable castle.

(12 noon) R. Stat. Oombos» a station on the Orosswardein and
Essegg Railway (R. 63), which crosses the Danube here by means
of a steam-ferry.

R. Stat. DdZya, on the railway to Bosnisch-Brod (see p. 367).

R. Stat. Vukovdr, the capital of the Slavonic district of Syrmia,
with 7150 inhab., and a chateau of Count Eltz picturesquely placed
on a height. The neighbourhood yields wine and fruit in abundance.
The chain of hills on the S. side of the Danube between this and
Slankamen is termed Pruska-Oora (the Roman Mens Almus). The
well known Karlowitzer wine (seep. 357) grows on the lower slopes,
while the tops of the hills are densely wooded.

Pett to Orsova, NEUSATZ. 59. Route. 357

L. Stat. Novoaxello.

R. Sdrengräd; then stat. Illokj or Ujlak^ a market- town with a
ruined castle and a chateau of Prince Odesealchi.

L. Stat. Paldnka; r. CserevUz.

L. Stat. Fuiakf with a chateau and park. The scenery now be-
comes more pleasing. In the distance rise the towers of Neusatz
and the fortress of Peterwardein.

B. Kamenits, prettily situated, with a chateau and park of Count
Karacsonyi. On the hill a large military academy. The ri^er now
tarns suddenly to the N.

(4.47 p.m.) L. Stat. Vensati, Hungar . UjvidSk (*H6Ul ElUabeth),
a thriving town with 21,325 inhab., founded in 1740, almost en-
tirely destroyed in 1849 , and since rebuilt in a superior style , is
the seat of the Greek bishop of the Bacska, with ten churches.
The town is almost entirely concealed from view from the river by
its fortified tetes-de-pont and promenades. Extensive corn-trade.

R. Peterwardein, Hungar. Petervdrady a town with 3600 in-
hab., on a peninsula formed by the Danube, and at the base of the
rock on which the fortress stands (visitors admitted). The latter
commands a fine view of Kamenitz, Neusatz, and Karlowitz, of the
river itself, and the interminable plain. A covered passage de-
scends from the fortress to the bridge-of-boats. The arsenal con-
tains Turkish weapons. In the Franciscan church is the tomb of
John Gapistranus (d. 1466), the celebrated preacher of the Crusades.
— On 5th Aug. 1716 Prince Eugene defeated the Turks at Peter-
wardein , thus chastising them for their violation of the Peace of
Karlowitz.

Below Peterwardein the Danube describes a wide curve , and
then turns again towards the S. The fortress long continues visible.

R. Stat. Xarlowiti (Trompeter), 1/2 ^- ^^o™ ^^® river, with
5000 inhab., the seat of an archbishop of the 'non-united* Greeks,
with a Greek cathedral , is historically memorable for the peace of
26th Jan. 1699, by which Austria acquired the greater part of Hun-
gary and Transylvania. The chapel of Mariafried in the vineyards
above the town occupies the site of the building in which the peace
was concluded. The red wine (see p. 356) grown in the neighbour-
hood of Karlowitz and the 'Slibovitza* (p. 344) manufactured here
are highly esteemed.

R. Slankameny where the Margrave Lewis of Baden defeated the
Turks in 1691.

R. Theisseek , opposite the influx of the Thei88 (or TisM) , the
starting-point of the local boat to Titel and for the steamers plying
on the Theiss to Szegedin (see p. 362).

The hills on the right recede. In the distance the minarets and
towers of Belgrade become visible. On the left bank here begin the
Austrian guard-houses (Czerdaken) , erected for the protection of
the former military frontier (see above) ; they continue at intervals

358 Route 59, BELGRADE. The Danube from

of about a mile and a half along the bank of the river down to the
Wallachian frontier. *■

(8 p.m.) R. Stat. Semlin (Engel; H6M deVEarope; National;
Stadt Wien; Rail. Restaur.), the last Austrian town on the right
bank of the Danube, with the Austrian custom-house and a number
of handsome buildings (11,800 inhab.). On the Zigeunerherg, on
the river, are the remains of the castle of John Hunyadi, the cele-
brated Hungarian hero , who died at Semlin in 1456. The popu-
lation is chiefly Servian.

R. The Save, or Sau, the boundary between Hungary and Servia,
falls into the Danube IV2 M. below Semlin. The island formed by
its deposits is the haunt of numerous water-fowl. Steamboat on the
Save from Semlin to Sissek (p. 362) on Frid. and Mon. at 6 a.m.
in 38 hrs.; local steamers between Semlin and Belgrade several
times daily in 15 minutes.

(9 p.m.) R. Stat. Belgrade. — Hotel«. *Grand Hotbl; Hötsl i>k Pa-
kts, R. 2 fr. and upwards ; Knro of Sbbvxa ; HotSL Vahohai.. Servian
wines good (l^egotin, 4kc.). Viands generally highly spiced.

Poit-Offioe, Yassina-Str. ; Telegraph-Office, Fürst-Michael-Str. — Cabs
in the Terazia and the market-place (bargaining advisable). — Oottmissio-
naires (porters) at the street comers, moderate.

Money. The unit of currency in Servia is the Z>t»ar or franc, which
is divided into 1(X) Farcu or 6 Piasires. The ordinary coins are pieces
of 6 and 10 paras in copper, and 2 dinars in silver. Austrian and other
foreign money also circulates freely: 1 Austrian ducat s= 12 dinars; a
twenty mark pieee sz 24.60 dinars; a sovereign = 25 dinars; a Russian
rouble = 3.92 dinars. The most convenient money for a short stay consists
of Austrian notes, though a little loss is incurred in changing them (1 fl.
= about 2 dinars). The piastre is worth about 2d. English.

Passports are given up on landing and reclaimed at the police office
a few hours later. The custom-house examination is lenient. At the
principal places of resort the traveller will generally make himself under-
stood in French, German, or English.

British Hiaister Resident, if. E. TTyndAam, Et<i, Amtrican Kiaister,
M. Feam, Esq.

Belgrade, Servian Beograd, Hungar. Nandor^FSkSrvar, the capi-
tal of the kingdom of Servia, with 37,000 inhab. (2000 Jews), lies
picturesquely on a promontory formed by the Danube and Save, at
the base of a limestone rock crowned by the dilapidated fortress.
The town , the Roman Singidunum, was a fortress of the utmost
importance during the Turkish wars. In 1455 it was successfully
maintained by Hunyadi against Mohammed II., in 1522 it was capt-
ured by Soliman II., in 1688 retaken by Max Emanuel of Bavaria,
in 1717 by Prince Eugene, and in 1789 by Laudon, having after
each successive peace been restored to the Turks. Down to 1867
the fortress was occupied by a Turkish garrison, but the memorials
of the Turkish period are fast disappearing. The mosques, whose
slender minarets look so picturesque from a distance, are either con-
verted to other purposes , or have fallen to decay (e.g. the Bated-
Djamia in the Dortschula). The principal mosque is in the fortress,
where there is also a lofty tower with a Turkish clock dial.

The town consists of several different quarters. On the Danube,

FeH to Oraova. BAZIAS. . _

on tlie N.E. side of tbe fortress, is the Dortshtdaj or Turkish town,
formerly the principal quarter , now almost entirely deserted, with
the ruins of a palace of Prinee Eugene (apparently of much earlier
origin). On the Save, on the W. side , is the Servian , or Rascian
Towfij with steep streets, white the town, properly so called, lies on
the S. side of the fortress , and possesses several new streets and
buildings of some importance. The chief street Is the Milan Street,
formerly called the Teraxia, with the old and new royal palaces, the
theatre, the hronze equestrian statue of Prince Michael (see below),
and the best shops (handsome weapons, carpets, travelling rugs, &c.,
but dear). The town contains no sights, with perhaps the excep-
tion of the Museum of Servian AntiquitieSy but the Oriental ap-
pearance of the narrow streets and their denizens will interest the
traveller as yet unacquainted with the East. The principal resort
of the inhahitants is the beautiful park of Kalimegdanf between the
town and the fortress. — About 3 M. to the W. lies Topshider, the
unpretending country-^seat of the king, with a large park; Prince
Michael Obrenowitsh was assassinated here on 10th June, 1868.

The steamboat passes close to the walls of the fortress. The left
bank is flat and marshy.

L. The navigable Teme$ falls into the Danube, which is here
1^4 M. in width, 9 M. below Belgrade. On the former, 3 M. above
its influx, lies the free military town of Panctova (17,000 inhab.).
R. S^mendriaj Hnngar. Vigssendro, a Servian town, once a Turk-
ish fortress, is still surrounded b)kwell-preserved, pinnacled walls.
L. Stat. Kubin, Then on the right the influx of the Servian Mo-
rawa.

B. DubrawittOy the station for PoMAaretDotx or PaMarowitx, 6M.
to theS., where the Peace of 1718, by which the Turks were deprived
of their last possessions in Hungary , was concluded. The Danube
here forms the island of Ostrova, 12 M. long.

B. Bamaj a dilapidated Servian fort (near it are traces of Boman
fortifications). Opposite lies —

L. ÜJ-PalänkOj a fortified Austrian frontier-post. The horizon is
bounded by the spurs of the Carpathians.

(1 a.m.) L. Stat. B&iiis (*H6iel Bauer), the terminus of tbe
Temesvir and Bazias railway (p. 363) , a small town with an old
convent. The Hungarian plain terminates here, and the Danube
enters the hill-district of the Southern Carpathians. To the right are
the ruins of the Servian fortress of Oradishte, at the mouth of the
brook Pek,

L. AU-Moldova (in the Temesvir Banat, 6 M. to the N. , are the
copper-mines ot Neu-Moldova'), A good road, made by the Hungarian
government in 1837-40 , leads hence to Orsova and Turn-Severin ;
its viaducts and cuttings are frequently visible from the steamer.

Below Moldova the Danube enters a narrow defile. In the
middle of the stream rises the lofty , pointed BabakaJ rock. On a

Route 59. DRENCOVA. The Danube from

pinnacle on the right bank tower the imposing ruins of the fortress
of *Golübdezy whleh with a castle opposite (Läsüöv&r) once com-
manded the pass. The rocks here contain numerous caverns. Ac-
cording to the popular belief, the swarms of poisonous stinging flids,
which frequently prove so destructive to the cattle in the pUins
of the Danube in summer, come from the Ociuh&cz Cavern^ a recess
filled with water. To the right below Golub&cz are the remains of
one of the Roman forts (OradUea) which once defended the Via
Trajana on the right bank (see below). — At —

L. Stat. BrenooTa begin the rapids of the Danube , which be«
tween this and Skela-Gladova falls over six ledges of rock, covered
at times with barely 18 Inches of water. When the river is low, pass-
engers and goods are transferred to a smaller flat-bottomed steamer
at Drencova, or, when the water is less shallow, at Orsova.

The scenery is now grand and severe. The vessel passes the
ridges of Izlas and Tiiehialia , and the projecting rock of Qr^en^
and suddenly enters a broad basin resembling a lake, enclosed by
wooded heights. On the right the Servian town of Milanovat%. On
an eminence to the left, farther on, are the ruins of three towers,
termed Trikule, and said to be of Roman origin.

The "Defile of Kasan » the most imposing part of the passage,
now begins. The Danube , here 200 ft. in depth, is confined to a
width of 180 yds. by huge perpendicular cliffs. Prior to the con-
struction of the above-mentioned road from Moldova, the defile was
impassable on either bank of the river. On the right bank traces of
the Boman Road constructed by Trajan, A. D. 103, along the river
from Orsova to Golubacz are distinctly visible. It consisted of a
path, 6-8 ft. in width, a little above the highest level of the water,
carried occasionally round perpendicular rocks by means of covered
wooden galleries. The holes into which the beams were inserted are
frequently observable. The road was destined for the use of cattle
and foot-passengers , as well as for the purpose of towing vessels.

A rock rising from the stream in the middle of the pass causes
the Kasan Whirlpool. High above the road on the left bank, ^4 ^^^
farther , is the Veterani Cavern in the Schukuru mountain, which
was gallantly defended by the Austrian general of that name with
400 men against a greatly superior Turkish force in 1693. The
cavern , which is spacious in the interior , but almost inaccessible,
completely commands the Danube, here 285 yds. in width. At —

L. Dubova the Danube reaches its narrowest point (120 yds.).
Opposite Ö Gradina, near the end of the defile , the celebrated time-
worn, now barely legible Inscription of Trajan is seen on the per-
pendicular cliff :

IMP. CAESAR DIVI. NERVAE F. NERVA TRAIANVS. AVG.

GERM. PONT. MAXIMVS. . . .

It was probably Intended to commemorate Trajan's'first Daclan
^ t mpaign ai^d the construction of the roadr

Pest to Orsova. IRON GATES. $9. Route. 361

(7.30 a.m.) L. Stat. Alt-Or«ova (* König von Ungarn j R. from
50 kr. , good view of the river ; Weisses Boss ; cab into the town
1 fl. 20, omn. 40 kr.), a prettily-situated Uttle town, the terminus
of the S.E. Railway (Pest, Temesvär, and Orsova, R. 61), and the
seat of the Austrian custom-house. When the river is low, travellers
are conveyed henee by a smaller steamer through the Iron Gates
toSkelaGladova. The inhabitants of Orsova are chiefly Wallachians,
recognisable by their peculiar costume.

About 3 M. lower down lies the fortified island of Ada-KdUh
or NeU'Orsova^ which formerly belonged to Turkey, but was taken
possession of by theAustrians in 1878. Opposite, on the left bank,
rises the Alum hiU , which commands a good survey of the Iron
Gates. At its base is the mouth of the Bagna^ which forms the
boundary between Austria and Wall^chia. On the left bank is the
first Wallachian village Verciorova^ with the Rumanian custom-
house, a station on the railway to Bucharest (p. 364). Half-an-
hour below, it are the *Iroii Chites» Turkish DenUr Kapu, the last
great defile of the Danube. (A walk on the road from Orsova to
Turn-Severin , constructed by the Wallachian government in conti-
nuation of the road from Moldova to Orsova, will be found very
interesting.) The river , here 210 yds. wide , descends through a
defile IV2M. in length with a faU of 16 ft. The rushing of the
rapids is sometimes audible at Orsova. When the river is high the
steamers ascend without difficulty, but when low, the navigation of
the narrow rocky channel with its formidable rapids is troublesome.

In point of scenery the Iron Gates are inferior to the Defile of Kasan.
From Orsova to the Baths of Mehttdia by railway in Ys hr., see p. 364,
To Tum-Severin and Bucharesty see p. 364.

60. From Pest to Belgrade.

220 M. Railway in V/2-W/t hrs. (Oriental express every Friday in
7 hrs.).

Pest J see p. 366. The train starts from the Staatsbahnhof (p. 367)

and stops at the Franzstadt (p. 351). 71/2 M. Erzsebetfalva, a fav-
ourite summer-resort. IOV2 ^* Saroksdr, on the Saroksärer Arm of
the Danube (p. 356), which the line now skirts. — Stations Ha-
rasztij Taksony, Duna- Varsdny, Laezhazä, — At (31 1/2 M.) Dömsöd
the railway quits the river and traverses an extensive marshy
district, in which large, numbers of horses are reared. Stations
Kun 8»t, Miklös ; Nagy-'AUds ; 8%ahad StdUds (6400 inhab.) ; Fülöp
SzäUds (Ö2OO inhab.) ; Csengöd.

67 M. Xis KoroB (Bailway Bestaurdnt)^ with 6730 inhab., is
the birth-place of the poet Alex, Petöfi, whose bust embellishes
the principal square. Branch-line hence to (19M.)AaZoc«a(p. 3Ö5).
— 73 M. Vadkert'Tdzldr. —84 M. Halas, with 15,000 inhab., and
extensive fish-ponds and vineyards. — ~ Stat. Kis^ßsällds ; Kelebia.

IO8Y3 M. tfftria-TliereBiopol (Rail, Bcstßur.)^ function of the

362 RouU 61, SZEOEDIN.

Orosswardeln and Essegg line (p. 367). The tnin now passes a
nnmber of unimportant stations, crosses tlieFranzen8-GanaI(p. 356)
at (146 M.) Verb&iX'Kula, and reaches the Danube at 170V2 M-
irensats(p. 357).

The railway here crosses the Dannhe by means of an Iron brid^,
500 yds. long, and reaches (174 M.) PetervrardeiB (p. 357^.

177 M. Karlowit» (p. 457). — 186 M. Bt9ka, — From (192«/2
M.) India (Rail, Restant,) a branch-line rnng rii Ruma to (26 M.)
Miitowiiz on the 8ane (p. 368). — Then o Posüa, Vj PtwCuiy Ba-
tajnicza.

215 M. Bendin (p. 358). — The railway now traverses a long
embankment, crosses the Save, and enters the station (outside the
town) of —

220 M. Belgrade (p. 368).

6 1 . From Pest to Or «ova and Vareiorova vift Tomeav^.

308 M. Railway. Ordinary train in lö*/« I»ra., express in 11 bra. ; from
Vienna to Bucharest in 28Vs brs.

On quitting the station the train leaves the SiadtwäldcKen(jp, 344)
to the right (the line to GödoUö and Kaschan diverges to the left,
p. 368), and turns towards the S.E. ; country flat and uninteresting.
To the left of (5 M.) Steihbrueh (Kob&nya) is Dreher's extensive
brewery, with other manufactories. As far as (18 M.) ÜUo the hills
' of Ofen continue in sight. 23 M. Monor ; 30 M. PiUs^ with two cha-
teaux and a park; 34 M. Alberti-Iraa ; 45 M. GiagM (*Baü, Re-
staurant; Hotel Fischer )f a town with 24,872 inhab., junction of the
Theiss Railway (to Szolnok, Debreczln , and Kaschau, R. 62), the
Hungarian E. Railway (to Grosswardein and Rlausenburg, R. 64),
and the line to Arad and Temesvftr (see p. 963).

56 M. Nagy-Koros ; 641/2 M. KecskenUt (a straggling, bidly-built
town with 44,887 inhab.); then Filegyhäza., Puszta PSteri, KisteUkj
SzatymdZj Dorosma, all places of little importance.

118 M. Ssegedin. — Hotel«. *Hötel Hüngabia, B. 80 kr. and up-
wards ; Sieben Kurpüsstrk (Hun. Bet Vdkuzfö) \ Sohwarzbb Adlbb or
Feiete Sas; Bailwat Bistadbakt.

Cab to the Government Bailway Station 80 kr., to the AlföM Station
i fl., at night 1 fl. or 1 fl. 20 kr.; V« hr. 30 kr., «/4 *»'• 75 kr., 1 hr. 1 fl.,
each addit. V« i^^* 20 kr. — Omnibtu tp the Government Station 15, to Al-
feld Station 20, at night 20, 25 kr.

Szegedin, an important commercial town with 73,675 inhab., at
the confluence of the Maros and Theiss, was almost entirely destroy-
ed by an inundation in 1879, and has since been rebuilt in an im-
proved style. The site of the old Turkish Castle, to the N.E., is
now occupied by a handsome square. The Theiss, which is here
the scene of a busy traffic (steamer thrice a week to Semlin, p. 358),
has been lined with substantial new quays. A bridge-of-boftts con-
nects the town with Neu^Szegedin on the opposite bank. Szegedin

SZEÖEDIN. 61. Route, 363

is the junction of the Alfold-Flume Railway (to Gross wardeln, Osaba,
and Essegg, R. 63) and of a Hne to (76 M.) Arad (see below).

Below the town the train crosses the Theiss by a handsome iron
bridge and enters the extensive and fertile plain of the Banat,
Stations Szoregh , Orosüämos , VaUcdny (branch-line to Perjdmos),
Mokrin, Nagy-Kikinda (Rail. Restaurant; with 19,845 inhab., capi-
tal of the Torontal district), Szt. Hubert, Hatzfeld (Hungar. Zsom-
holya, with a chateau of Connt Csekonics), Oyerty&mos, Szakdlhdza,

187 M. TemesvkT (Kronprinz Rudolf ; Sieben Kurfürsten; Ooldner
Hirsch; Ooldner Pfau; Haches, opposite the station, R. from 60 kr.),
a busy commercial town with 33,830 inhab., on the navigable BSga
Canal which joins the Theiss at Titel (p. 357). The inner town is
fortified and separated from the suburbs of Fabrik and Josephstadt
by a glacis, partly converted into a park (tramway). Temesvdr is the
seat of a Roman Catholic and a Servian bishop , whose Cathedrals
are situated in the principal Platz. The Synagogue is a magnificent
Byzantine edifice. On the Prinz-Eugen-Platz rises a Gothic Obelisk,
66 ft. In height, by the Bohemian sculptor Max, erected by the
emperor to the memory of *the brave defenders of Temesvar in 1849'.
The town was besieged by the Hungarians under Vecsey from 25th
Aprü to 9th Aug. 1849 , and almost entirely destroyed , but was at
length relieved by Haynau. The castle erected by Hunyadi in 1443
has been so much altered that little of the original building remains.
It is now an arsenal.

Fbom Pest to TsicBsrAB bt Abad, railway (the Theiss line) in8-9hrs.
As far as Cxeglid^ see p. 962 ; to SzolnoJcy see p. 367. The line crosses the
Theiss, and at stat. Szajol diverges to the right from the Debreczin Hne
(p. 367). Country traversed very unattractive. Stations Puszta Prf, Mezö
TüVy Qyoma (where the Koros is crossed), Mexö Ber^ny^ Csdba (junction
for Grosswardein and EMegg, R. 63), KMegyhcaa, Lökeshdta, Kurtics.
Then Arad (Weisses Kreuz i PalaUn) on the ifaro« (37^50 inhab.), with
brisk trade and river-traffic; also called Alt- Arad (0 Arad) to distinguish
it from Neu-Arad (see below). On a tongue of land on the left bank of the
Marcs rises the fortress, long defended by the Austrian General Berger
against the Hungarians in 1849.

[Vilagos (p. 395), 14 M. to the E. . is historically noteworthy as the
scene of Görgey^s capitulation on 17th Aug., 1849, in consequence of which
numerous executions took place, chiefly at Arad. — From Arad to Karls-
burg in Transylvania, railway through the valley of the Maros in 8 hrs.,
see p. 395. The banks of the Maros yield Menescher and other good wines.]

The line crqsses the Maros. Stations Neu-Arad^ Segenihau^ Vinga (a free
town, picturesquely situated), Orczidorf, Merczidorfy Szt. Andräa^ Temesvar.

From TemesvIr to Bazias, 75 M., railway in 4Vs-7 hrs. (fares 6 fl.
75, 6 fl. 5, 3 fl. 37 kr.). Stations Bägh and Zsibely^ where the Temes (see
below) is crossed. From (2 M.) Vojtek a branch-line leads to Deutsch-Bogsdn.
At (26 M.) Detta the train crosses the Berzava Canal. 35 M. Sztamora-
Moravicza. W/t M. Voneoi (Hotel Parts; International), with 22,329 inhab.,
and one of the finest modern churches in Hungary. Near it is the Roman
intrenchment (comp. p. 366), a rampart and trench which extend upwards
of 60 M. to the N. Remains of a Roman tower crown a hill above the
town on the E. 59 M. Jassenova is connected by a branch-line with the

Sroductive coal-district« of Oravieza (Krone) and Sleyerdor/ (6V4 hrs.);
B M. Weisskirchen y Hungar. Fehirtemplom ^ a small town picturesquely
situated among vineyards. 75 M. B&si&s (p. 359).

364 Route 61. MEHADIA.

The train now follows the right bank of the B^pa, passes stations
Temesvdr- Fabrik f Rekdsy Topolovecz^s^nd Belincz, crosses the B^ga,
and enters the fertile valley of the Temes. 225 M. Lugös (König
von üngamjy a prosperous town with 12,300 inhab., the capital of
the district of Krasso, consists of Deutseh-Lugoa on the left bank of
the Temes and Romaniach-LugoB on the right. It formed the last
seat of the Hungarian government in August, 1849.

The next stations are Oavoadia^Kavardn-Szakuly and (248V2M.)
KarinsebeB (Rail. Restaurant ; Oriiner Baum)y the capital of the
district of Szoreny, a small town at the influx of the Sehes into the
Temes, with 4764 inhab., chiefly Servians. The valley of the Temes
now contracts. The train begins to ascend more steeply, quits, near
Teregovay the Temes, which rises on the Semenik a little to the W. ,
and at (273 M.) stat. Porta Orientalis reaches the highest point of
the line. It then descends through picturesque scenery to Komia
and the valley of the Mehadika, Stations Jahlanicza and (290 M.}
Kehadia, the Roman colony Ad Mediam , a thriving market-town
with a few Roman remains. 293 M. Sisktion Herculesbad, at the con-
fluence of the Mehadika with the Czema (omn. to the baths 50 kr.,

carr. l^/a fl-)-

A Buspension- bridge leads hence aeross the Czema to the Hercules
Baths of Mehadia (Ferdinands-Ho/. Franzensho/y Franz- Josephs-Hofy Rudolphs-
hofy Curhauty &c.), beautifully situated in the romantic rocky ravine of the
Czema, 3M. to the N.E. The hot springs, 24 in number (125-146 *> Fahr.),
which numerous inscriptions prove to have been known to the Romans
(Thermae Herculis)^ are strongly impregnated with sulphur. The most
powerful is the Hercttleg Spring^ which rises in a jet 18 inches thick and
yields 5000 cubic ft. of water per hour. The spacious New Baths were
erected in 1884-85 at the cost of the government. On both sides of it are
arcades with shops. The valley, which in the height of summer is oppress-
ively hot, is intersected by pleasant walks in every direction. Scorpions
abound among the heated stones adjoining the springs.

The line now traverses the charming Czema valley, with its
vineyards and peach-orchards, enclosed by lofty mountains. Near
stat. Topleez are the remains of a Turkish aqueduct, many arches
of which are still standing. 305^2 ^- Orsova (RaÜ. Restaurant),
the last station in Austria ; custom-house examination for travellers
from Rumania. The railway-station is about 3/4 M. from the steam-
boat-quay (cab 1 fl. 20 kr.); comp. p. 361. — We now cross the
frontier and soon reach (308 M.) Verciorova (*Rail. Restaurant),
the terminus of the Austro-Hungarian Railway, and the custom-
house station for travellers entering Rumania.

Fbom Verciobova to Bdchabbst, 237 M., railway in 9'W/t hrs. — The
train follows the left bank of the Danube and leads through the Iron Gates
(p. 361) to Skela Oladova and Tum-Severin (Europe). The latter is a busy
Wallachian town with the remains of a bridge of Trajan » once a structure
of most imposing dimensions, and other Roman relics. Then by Krajova.
Slatina, Pifesti (p. 372), and Tit« to Bucharest (p. 381).

365

62. IProm Pest to Bebreczin, Szatm&r, and Marmaros

Szigeth.

IJ230 M. Bailwat (Theiu Line and Hungarian N.E.Railtoay) in 21-23 hrs.^
Comp. B. 68.

To (45 M.) CtegUd, see p. 362; to (66 M.) Puspok-Laddny,
see p. 367. The line diverges to the left from the Grosswardein
line, and traverses dreary, sandy plains, the country of the Haj-
duks. Stations Kaba^ Szohoszlö, and Ebes.

93m. Bebreczin (^Weisses Boss; Frohner; Krone^ R. from Ifl.;
Steam-tramway to the town) , an important commercial town with
51,122 inhab., chiefly Protestants, lies in a sandy, but fertile plain.
The Prot. College for students of theology and law, one of the most
frequented in Hungary (2000 stud.), was founded as early as 1531,
and possesses a library of 100,000 vols., a botanical garden with
palm-house, and various collections.

At the end of the broad street leading from the station into the
town is a large modern Prot. Church, from the pulpit of which, on
14th April , 1849 , Kossuth proclaimed the overthrow of the Haps-
burg dynasty. In the promenade beyond the church is a bronze
statue to the popular Hungarian poet Csohonay, erected in 1871,
and a monument , consisting of a dying lion on a pedestal of rock,
to the Honv^ds who fell at the battle of Debreczin on 2nd Aug. 1849.

The town possesses two other Protestant, and one Roman Catholic
Church, with two handsome towers, and a good Uieatre. The Fairs
which take place four times annually are very important, and the horse«'
market is especially famous. In other respects the town presents
the usual Hungarian characteristics. Pavements are unknown, and
in rainy weather the mud in the narrower streets is atrocious. The
town is connected by eight gates with the suburbs , around which
on every side extends a vast plain.

In the Chrosse Wcdd, to the N. of the town, is a small watering-
place, much visited in summer.

F&OM Dkbkbczin to MisKOLOZ, 85 U., railway in 5 hrs. The line traver-
ses the interminahle plain of the Hajduks towards the 17. Stations Hadhaz^
Tiglds, Uj-Fehirtö (on a small lake to the left of the line), and (30 H.)
Nyiregyhaxa, a town with 24,102 inhab. (branch-line by dap to Unghvar^

5. 371). 86stö, a bath beneficial in cases of rheumatism and scrofula (poorly
tted up), lies on a salt pond in the woods , IVs ^* to the £. Towards
the V.W. of (40H.) KirdlpUlek the Hegyallja Hts. become visible; the iso-
lated height most to the S. is the Tokay hill. Beyond (46V2 M.) Rdkamaz
the line traverses a partly-wooded plain, which generally lies under water
in spring, by means of a lofty embankment, and crosses the TTuiss.

50 M. Tokay (Adler), with 4500 inhab., far famed for its wine, lies
at the confluence of the Bodrog and Theiss. The Hegyallja Mis. , the ex-
treme S. spar of which is the hill of Tokay, yield about Sy« million gal-
lons of genuine Tokay wine annually (the five qualities of which are known
as Essenz, Ausbruch, Maschlasch, Szomarodny, and Ordinari). Besides
Tokay, the neighbouring towns of Mad, Tdllyat and Tarczal are also
noted for their wines. The world-wide reputation of the wines of To-
kay is due to the extreme care which for centuries has been bestowed
here on the vineyards and on the process of wine-making. King Bela IV. is
said to have introduced the vine, as well as vine-dressers, from Italy in th«

366 BouU62, SZATMÄB.

13th century. Manjr of the vineyards are the property of govenunentt
The qnantity of wine produced in this district, including the genuine
Tokay, averages 18 million gallons annually.

The line skirts the S. side of the Tokay hill, which is covered 'with
vineyards to a height of 300 ft Stations Taraial, Mdd-Zombor, Szerencs
(junction for the line to Sdtoralja-UJhelyy p. 371), Tisza-Luct. The line
crosses the Bemdd^ and at stat. Zsolcta-Al9Ö reaches the Pest and Kaschau
line (£. 65) and the large railway-station of MiikoUz (p. 300).

Stations V&mos-Pircs (a town of the Hajduks), £r~MiMlyfalva,
Szaniazlö. The country here, most of which belongs to Count Karolyt,
is fertile and well cultivated , and intersected with avenues of pop-
lars. 136^2 M. Nagy-Karoly (Hirsch), a market-town with 12,523
Inhab. , and a chateau and park of Count Karolyi. Large Roman Ca-
tholic and Greek church.

The marshy and unhealthy plains of the Krasna are next tra-
versed. 245 M. Kis-Majteny. 259 M. Szatm&r-Nimeti (Rail. Be-
taut.; Krone), a royal free town with 19,708 inhah., situated on
both banks of the Szamos. The episcopal Cathedral is a handsome
building with a dome and a Corinthian portico. The Platz in front
of it is embellished with a marble bust of the Hungarian poet KoUeey.

The line to Szigeth traverses a swampy plain towards the N.,
and approaches the spurs of the Carpathians ; stat. Mikola , Halmij
Fekete-Ardö. AX (iSßM.^KiciAyliiLZ&( Rail. Restaurant), thejunction
of the line to Sdtoralja-TJjhely and JToscÄau (R. 66}>it approaches the
Xheiss, which it follows up to its sources in the province of Mar-
maros , a basin enclosed by the principal chain of the Carpathians.
The scenery is very picturesque about Vorosmart. On a lofty hiU
near stat. Huszt are the ruins of a castle of that name. Stations
Busztyahäza, Tecsö^ Taraczkoz, Then (230 M.) Saiget, or Afar-
maros Sziget (Krone ; Jägerhom), the capital of the district of Mar-
maros, with 9000 inhab., beautifully situated on the Theiss.

In the vicinity are the rock-salt strata of Sugatag and Rönasz^i;
nearer the town those of Szlatina. A visit to the mines should not be
omitted. The salt obtained here is generally pure and crystalline, sur-
passing that of Wieliczka. Various articles cut out of the rock-salt are
offered for sale. The extension of the railway to this remote corner of
Hungary is designed chieOy to facilitate the salt and timber-traffic. —
Bears are still common in this part of the Carpathians , and bear^hunts
sometimes take place in the district around Szigeth.

• ^^

63. From Orosswardein to Essegg and Villäny.

242 M. Railway (Al/Öld-Fiume Line) in 2OV2 hrs. \ fares 23 fl., 16 fl.,
11 fl. 50 kr.

Orosswardein, see p. 367. The line crosses the Koros. Scenery
unattractive. Stations Less, Cseffa, /Sfzaionta (a large village with
12,650 inhab.). Beyond Sarkad the extensive swamps of the Koros
are traversed. Stations Kötegyän , Sarkad, Oyula (a market-town
with 18,046 inhab., and two chateaux of Count Wenkheim), and
(541/2 M.) Csaba (junction for Pest and Arad, p. 363).

Stations Qerendds, Csorvds, Oroshdza (a town with 18,038 in-
hab.), Samson, Hod Mezo FtlsdrAcii/ (Adler ; a town with 51,000 in-

ESSEGG. 63, BouU, 367

bab. and thatched houses). Near Algyo the ttain crosses the Theisa
by a handsome bridge, and reaches (110 M.) Szegedin (p. 363),
junction of the Pest and Temesvir line (B. 61).

Stations Horgos, PdUcsi then (136 M.) Maria Theresiopel,
Hungar. Ssabadka (Stadt Peat; Lamm)^ an agricultural town with
61,367 inhab. (many of them Servians), resembling a large village,
in the Bäeaka^ the most fertile corn-distrlct of Hungary. Stations
Bajmok^ Milities; then (172 M.) Zowihcix (Jagerhom), capital of the
Bacska , a straggling town with 24,693 inhab. , and thoroughly
Hungarian in character. The unpaved streets are sandy and dusty
in dry weather and excessively muddy in wet. The line crosses the
Franzena'-Canal (jf, 356). Stations Priglevitxa Sxt, Jvän, Szonta,
Oomboa-Bogojevo (where the Danube is crossed by a steam-ferry),
Erdöd(jß, 356), D&lya (also on the Danube, p. 356), Drdva^Szarvaa,

213 M. l^BB^gg (Hotel deV Europe, R. from 80 kr., Qoldnea Kreuz^
both in the upper town ; Wolf), a town and fortress on the Brave,
with 18,200 inhab., the Roman Muraa, is the capital of theVerocz
province, and the most imp<»tant commercial place in Slavonia. It
was frequently destroyed during the Turkish wars, and therefore
now presents a modern aspect. The town consists of four parts, the
upper, the lower, and the new towns, and the fortress. In the lower
town is the handsome Gomitatshaus, or seat of the authorities of
the district. The fortress, erected in 1712, is one of the strongest
in Austria. — Steamboat on the Drave, see p. 356.

The train now crosses the Drave, and runs towards the N.W.
Stations : D6^da, Laakafdlva, Baranyavdr-Monoator, Magyar Boly.
— 242 M. ViUiny (p. 354).

64. From Pest to Klansenbnrg.

248 M. Railway in SVa-lS hrs. ; express fares 25 fl. 80, 18 fl. 20 kr. ;
ordinary fares 28 fl. 50, 16 fl. 40, 11 fl. TOkr,

To (45 M.) C%egUd, see p. 362. 55 M. Ahony (Grüner Baum).
63 M. Ssolnok (König von Ungarn ; Krone ; Rail. Reataurant), a town
with 18,247 inhab. and four churches , where the Theiss is crossed.
69 M. Saajöl, junction for tite line to Arad and Karlsburg (p. 363,
B. 73). Stations Török 8zt. Müdöa, Fegyvemek, Kia-Vj-8%6Uäa,
Karczag. 110 M. Pftspök-Ladiay (Rail. Reataurant)^ junction for
Debreczin (R. 62). A monotonous plain is now traversed. Stat.
Bdrdnd, 8dp, Berettyö-ÜJfalu, Mezo-Peterd, Mezo-Kereaztea, Bora.
In the distance appear the hills of Grosswardein , the spurs of the
Transylvanian Carpathians.

153 M. Grosswardein, Hungarian Nagy-Vdrdd (^Schwarzer Ad--
ler, R. from 1 11.; *Qrüner Baum, similar charges; Lamm, mod-
erate; Apollo,' Wöber, nearest the station; Rail. Restaur,"), a
pleasant town with 31,324 inhab., on both banks of the KörÖa,
which is crossed by two bridges , consists of the inner town and
three suburbs, the Vdrdd-Olaazi, Vdrdd-Velencze, and Vdralja,

368 ROUU64. GROSSWARDEIN.

The town is the residence of three bishops, a Roman Catholic, a,
United Greek, and a Non-united Greek. The palace of the Ro-
mish bishop in Värdd-Olcuzi is a handsome structure in the rococo
style , adjoining the tasteless Cathedral of last century. The two
Greek cathedrals are in the Stadtplatz, where there is also a small
church of St. Ladislaw. The Calvarienlarehey with dome and semi-
circular colonnades, on a height, ^2 ^'* ^ ^^^ N.E., commands a
fine view of the town and mountains, with the vast plain stretching
to the S. and W. At Hajo, 3 M. to the S. of the town, are the
Felix, or Bishop's Baths, which were known to the Romans. The
slopes on the N. and E. yield excellent wine.

The line crosses the Koros, the valley of which it now follows.
Scenery more attractive. Stations Vdrad-Velencze, Mezo-TeUgd,
EUsd , R£v. The construction of the line here becomes an object
of interest , and tunnels , cuttings in the solid rock , and bridges
foUow each other in rapid succession. At Baulaka , near (190 M.)
Brdtka, there is a large stalactite cavern. 196 M. Buesa; 205 M.
Czucsa, the first station in Transylvania; 207 M. Kis-Sebts; 217 M.
Bdnffy-Hunyad (fine view of the lofty Vligyasta to the right). The
line ascends in long curves, affording charming views of the moun-
tains , and beyond a long tunnel and a lofty viaduct descends gra-
dually into the Nddas Valley. Stations Jegenye , Egeres (with an
old chateau), Magyar-Qorhö^ Magyar^Nddas.

248 M. Klaiisenbnrg, Hungarian Kolosisvdr, see p. 344.

65. From Pest to Kaschau and Eperies.

Kailwat to Kaschau, 16972 M., in 6-71/2 brs. (express fares 18 11. 40,
13 fl.; ordinary fares 16 fl., 11 fl. 20 kr., 8 fl.); from Kaschau to Eperies,
191/2 M., in 11/4 hr. (fares 1 fl. 86, 1 fl. 36, 92 kr.).

Stations Steinbruch (p. 362), with Dreher's brewery on the right ;
Rdkos (p. 344), with extensive brick- works; Rdkos - Keresztür,
RdkoS'Csäba, Piezd, Jsaszegh. Then (21 M.) Clödöllö, with a royal
chateau and beautiful park, frequently visited by the imperial fa-
mily in summer. The line intersects part of the royal park. The
country becomes hilly; the train ascends in a wide curve, and
crosses the watershed between the Danube and Theiss. On a height
to the left lies the monastery otBesnyö. 32 M. Assöd, with a chateau
of Baron Podmanizky ; 37 M. Tura. 4IV2 M. Hatvan (*Raa, Be-
staurant; Hotel EUsabeth), a small town on the Zagyva, with a large
church and a chateau of Prince Grassalkovich, junction for Oder-
berg (p. 172).

From Hatvan to Szolnok, 42 M., railway in 3 hrs., via Jdszherinffy
a market-town on the Zagyva. Szolnok, see p. 367.

From (59 M.) Vdmos-Qybrk a branch-line runs in Y2 ^r. to
OyÖngyös (Krone; Lamm; Engel), a dull town (15,961 inhab.) at
the base of the Mdtra Mts., which extend from this point to Erlan,
and yield the excellent Erlauer wine.

63 M. Ludasf 71 M. Kadl-Kdpolna f 78 M. Fuzes- Abony,

*

KASCHAÜ. 65. Route. 369

Branch-line in 1 hr. to Srlav, Hungar. Eger (* Krone , R. from 70 kr. ;
8torch)y an ancient archiepiscopal town with 20,669 inhab., once fortified, and
still surrounded with decaying walls. In 1552 it sustained a memorable siege
from the Turks, on which occasion the town owed its preservation to the
heroic conduct of the women. Large modem Cathedral in the Italian
style, erected by Archbishop Pyrker of Erlau (d. 1847) , with a handsome
dome, and Corinthian porticoes at the W. front and at the ends of the
transepts. The interior, borne by green marble columns with white capi-
tals, is peculiar. The Lyceum^ with a library and well-organised obser-
vatory, was also erected by Pyrker. The town.contains numerous churches
monasteries, schools, and charities. Kear the archiepiscopal park are the
BUhop's and the Rascian Baths, well fitted up, with warm springs used as
a remedy for cutaneous diseases.

Stations Mesö-Kövesd, Keresztea-Nydräd, Emöd, Nyik-Lddhdza»
The slopes of the Erlau hills continue to rise on the left.

113 M. MiBkolcs (Ungarische Krone; Drei Rosen; Stadt Pest;
Rail. Restaurant), a brisk commercial town with 24,319 inhab., the
capital of the county of Borsod, with seven churches (St. Stephen's,

late-Gothic of the 13th cent.), contains nothing of interest.

Charming excursion to the village of *Diös GFyör, 5 M. to the W.
About IVs H. beyond the village begins the romantic *Ravine of the same
name, watered by a brawling mountain-torrent and containing numerous
stamping-mills. IN'ear its mouth lie the small baths of Hdmor.. — The baths
of Tapolosa (accommodation unpretending, but good, R. from 30 kr.), with
warm springs rising In a cold pond, lie o'/s M. to the S.W. of Miskolcz.

From Hiskolcz to Fülek and Jtosenau (*Agfftelek Cavern), see R. 68.

The line crosses the 8ajö, an affluent of the Hernäd. 116 M. Zsol-
csa, junction of the Debreczin and Gzegl^d line (R. 62). The pic-
turesque valley of the Herndd is now traversed. Stations Szikszöy
Halmaj, Csobdd, Forrö-Encs, To the right the Hegyallja Mts,, the
£. slopes of which produce the famous Tokay (comp. p. 366), with
several ruined castles. Stations Oaradna (with a chateau of Count
Pechy), Hidas-NSmeti, Ahaujvär, Cs&ny.

167 M. Xaschau, Hungar. Kassa (^Hdtel Schalkhdzy with gar-
den; *8chiffbeek; Cafes Schalkhdz, Maffei, and Szekerak, also
confectioners; cab into the town 50 kr., but pleasanter on foot
through the Sz^chenyi grounds) , an ancient royal free town with
26,097 inhab., on the right bank oftheHernad, consists of the
regularly-built inner town, formerly a fortress , and three suburbs
separated from it by a broad glacis. The trade and manufactures of
the place are considerable. The most important building is the
*Chureh of St. Elizabeth, the flnestGothic church in Hungary, erected
by the French architect Yillars d'Honnecourt during the reign of King
Lewis I., in 1342-82, with double aisles, a polygonal choir, and two
unfinished towers (the higher, to the N., covered with an unsightly
modern roof). The W. and N. Portals are adorned with statues and
sculpturing in the best Gothic style (beginning of 14th cent.). In
the interior is a magnificent canopy of the richest open-work, 66 ft.
in height, executed by Stephen Crom in 1472. Good modern stained
glass. The late-Gothic high-altar with four wings, is adorned with
48 early German paintings on a gold ground, attributed to Wohlge-
mut. Adjacent to the S. portal is the staircase ascending to the

Baxdekeb''8 S. Germany. 6th Edit. 24

370 RotUe65, EPERIES.

roof, which U surrounded by an elegant open balustrade. The church
was judiciously restored in 1850-60 but a more thorough-going re-
storation was begun in 1877. — The best of the other churches are
that of 8t. MiekOiel, in the transition style of the 13th cent., with a
pretty tower; the Franeiseani now the Oarrison Church; the Domi-
nican, with damaged frescoes ; and the new Protestant, coyered with
a round dome. The Upper Hungarian Museum (adm. on Sun.
10-1, free ; on Wed. 10-1, 20 kr. ; at other times on application to
the secretary) contains an interesting and varied collection of an-
tiquities and coins , a cabinet of natural history, and a library. —
Pleasant walk to the baths of Bankö , among the hills, 3 M. to the
N.W. The chalybeate waters of Bdnk-HerUiny 12 M. to the £.
(carr. 5-6 fl.), attract many visitors in summer.

To Ro$enau and the Cavern of Aggtelek^ a very interesting excursion
(IV2 day there and back *, public conveyance daily 6-7 fl.)i con^. p. 373.

173 M. 8zt, Istvdn; 177 M. AboSy the junction of the Kaschau
and Oderberg line (p. 378). The line to Eperies crosses the Swinka
by a lofty bridge and passes through a deep cutting , beyond which
a pleasing view of the fertile valley of the Tarcxa is obtained. Sta-
tions LemeSy Kende,

187 M. Eperies (Hotel Stamm), an old town on the Tarcza
(10,800 inhab.), still surrounded by walls, the capital of the district
of Siros, contains many medixval buildings. In May 1887 a great
part of the town was burnt to the ground. The CalvariemJberg on
the S.W. side of the town commands a fine view of the fertUe valley,
bounded by wooded heights. The strong saline spring and salt-
works of 86vär lie IV2 M. to the S.

On the Lemberg road, 24 H. to the K. of Eperies (carr. 6-7 fl.),
lies Bartfflld (Casino), a very ancient town (5400 inhab.) witti a handBome
Bathhaus of the 15th cent. , the archives of which contain some valuable
old documents. The Gothic church of St. ^gidius, of the 14th cent.,
contains finely carved choir-stalls and altars of the 15th and 16th centuries.
— The baths oi Bartfeld (R. in the Gurhaus from 80 kr.), 2V4 M. to the N.,
formerly much resorted to by the Hungarian and Polish aristocracy, pos-
sess a strong chalybeate spring, impregnated with carbonic acid, employed
for drinking and bathing. Beautiful walks in the adjoining pine-forests.

FaoM Efkbieb to Tasnow, 128 M., railway in 14Vt hrs. — Near stat.
Nagy Sdros opals are found in considerable quantity. Then Orlö, the
station for the chalybeate baths of (4 H.) yethLublau. 4I1/2 H. Museyna
is the station for the baths of KrynUa (three hotels uid numerous lodging-
houses) in Galicia, 5 M. to the N.E., with elegant public rooms, and much
frequented by the Polish and Russian nobility. 60 M. Zegiestöte, another
small bath, beautifully situated. 69 H. AU-Sandez, whence a diligence
plies twice daily in summer (3 fl.) to (27 M.) BaeBawniea (ffdt. Oawröns-
kich; Zum Attila; Casino), another favourite watering - place on the N.
slopes of the Carpathians. 73 M. Neu-Scmdtz, a town of 11,000 inhab.
on the Dunajec. 128 H. Tamöw (p. 388).

66. From Kaschau to Marmaros Szigeth.

163 M. Railway in 10 hrs.
Kaschau, see p. 369. The line runs at first parallel with the
railway to Miskolcz (p. 369), then turns to the left, crosses the

MÜNKACS. 66. Route. 371

Hemdd and the Tarcza^ and at (9 M.) Also Mialye beging to ascend.
Pleasing scenery. On a lofty eminence to the right of (18 M.)
Nagy-Szälancz stands a rained castle belonging to Count Forgäch,
the tower of which is in good preservation. Then stations Kozma
and (30 M.) Ltgenye-Mihdlyi (Railway Restaurant), junction of the
Hungarian and Galician railway.

Fbom LBOBKrE-MiHiLTi TO Pbzbmstl, 165 M., railway in 10 hrs. (farea
10 fl. 4, 7 A. 53, 5fl. 2kr.). 11 M. Töke-Terebes, the station for the baths
of Rank, which lie 11 H. to the N. (see p. 370). 25 M. Nayy-mhdly (Widder),
with a chateau of Count Sst^ray \ the chateau of Vinna^ on an isolated hill
to the K.E. (carr. 2 fl.)i commands a fine view. 40 M. Homonna^ with a
chateau belonging to Count Andrassy j 66 M. Mez5-Laborcz (Rail. Restaur.)^
where the Hungarian frontier is crossed. Near Lupktw is a long tunnel;
105 H. Zagöregy station for the iodine baths of Ivonie; 144V2 H. Chyrovo^
junction of the Dniester railway (by Sambor and Stryi to Slanidau). Then
(165 M.) Przemysl (p. 361).

On the right rises the fLne\y-toTmed.Sdtorhegy (*tent hiU'). 40 M.
Sitoralja-TJjhely (Railway Restaurant ; König von Ungarn ; Jager^
horn; Casino), with 11,264 inhab., capital of the district of Zem-
plin and junction for the railway to Szerencs (p. 366).

The train now enters the plain of the Bodrog, which it crosses
near stat. Szomotor. To the S. , between the Bodrog and the Theiss,
stretches a vast marshy expanse, named the Hossza RSt. Stations
Nagy-OireSy (55 M .) Perbenyik (with a chateau and park belonging
to Count MajUth), Bily, and (64^2 ^0 Csap (Rail. Restaurant),
the junction for the Nyiregyhiza and ünghvÄr railway (p. 365).

iSngh^kx (Krone)f an old town with 11,373 inhab., capital of a district
of the same name, lies on the Uhffhy 13 M. to the K. of Csap. The loftily
situated castle, once strongly fortified, and now a seminary, commands
a fine prospect of the mountains and of the boundluss plain to the S. —
About 9 M. to the N.W. are the frequented sulphr-baths of St6branez.

To the S. are the extensive low-lands of the Theiss. 75 M. Bdtyu.

Fbom BAttd to Lbmbbbo via Munkaos akd Lavocznb, 157 H., railway
in 14V2 hrs. — 17 M. Kunkacs (Stern, R. from 1 fl. 20 kr.), a small town
on the Latorcza, with 9360 inhab., and narrow, dirty streets. The old fast-
ness of AfunkäeSy situated on a trachyte rock, 295 aft. high, 1 M. to the S.,
is celebrated for its heroic defence by Helene Zrinyi, wife of the insurgent
Tököly, against the Imperial troops, who besieged it for three years before
they succeeded in capturing it (1688). It was afterwards used as a state-
prison, and is now a reformatory. — Beyond Munkdcs the line traverses
the finely-wooded E. Beskid Hts. — 61 H. Beskid. The Galician bound-
ary is crossed in the Bakid Tunnel (810 yds. long). — e66 H. Lavoczne is
the first station in Oalicia. — 157 H. Lemberg (p. 389).

81 M. 8om ; 90 M. Beregszdsz , on the Borsa , at the base of
a vine-cladrhill, capital of the district of Bereg ; 103 M. Tisza-
Ujlak, a ma ket-town on the Theiss; 112 M. Nagy-8zollÖ8, with a
ruined castle and a chateau of Baron Pertfnyi. The mountains on
the N. are approached. The train crosses the Theiss and reaches
(117 M.) Kirdlyhdza (Rail. Restaurant), where it joins the line
from Debreczin. Hence to (163 M.) Marma^os-Sziget , see R. 62.

24*

372

67. From Pest to Oderberg.

268 H. Railway to Ruttek, 193 H., in V/2-iOhn.; to Oderberg, 256 M.,
iB 11-16 hr0.

To (41 Y2 M.) Hatvan, see p. 368. The line here diyerges from
the Miskolcz and Kaschau line. Stations Apcs-£^s^nM, Pdsztö, B&tonyj
Kia-Terenne, POlfalva^ Salgö-Tarjän (with a ruined castle and
valuable coal-mines), Somos-Ujfalu. The line quits the pleasant
valley of the Zagyva , crosses the Medves hills , and descends into
the broad and fertile valley of the Eipelj or Ipoly^ to (90 M.)Falek,
with the ruins of a once fortified castle of Count Berchtold. —
Branch-line to Dobachau and Miskolcz, see B. 68.

100 M . LiOBonez (Casino) , a thriving town , entirely destroyed
by the Russians in 1849, with a large cloth-manufactory. To the
W., amid the distant hills, stands the castle of Gdcs , with its
numerous towers, the seat of Count Forgäcs. Beyond (IO872 M.)
Lönyäbdnya the picturesque valley of the Szlatina is entered. Stations
Krivdny-Oyetva, VSghles-Szdlatna. Then —

132 M. Altsohl, Hungar. Ö-Zölyom (Traube), an old town on the

Oran. The Schloss on the left bank of the Zlatina, erected in 1350,

and still habitable , was frequently the residence of King Matthew

Corvinus.

Fbom Altsohl to Zöltom-Bbezö via Neusohl, 34 M., branch-railway
in 3*/4 hrs. — 4M. Stlides^ a favourite watering-place, and one of the
best organised in Hungary, with hot chalybeate springs, visited chiefly
by ladies (charges somewhat high; R. from 90 kr.). — 8 M. FarkcufeUva,
with considerable mines. — 13 M. Neusohl, Hungar. Beszterczebdnpa (Mohr;
Schwarzer Adler ; Krebs)^ the seat of a bishop, and capital of the district
of Sohl (7160 inhab.), is charmingly situated at the confluence of the Gran
and Bistritz. The German church contains a fine carved altar of the 14th
cent, and an interesting old font. — The copper and silver-mines of Herren-
grund lie 4V3 H. to the 'S. of the town. — 34 H. Zöltfom-Brezö, with ex-
tensive government iron-works.

140 M. Gran-Bresnits, Hung. Qaram-Berzencze(RaU. Restaur.).

Bbanch Railway in 2 hrs. (fares 80, 40 kr.) to Dilln (Hung. Bilabdnya)
and (14 M.) Bchemnitx, Hung. Selmeezbanpa (Ooldnes Lamm; Hohes Haus),
an old mining town with 13,600 inhab., built in terraces on the sides
of a deep and narrow valley. The gate-towers are the only remains of
the walls which once surrounded the town. The picturesque old Schloss
at the W. end of the town, built in the 13th cent., is now a ruin, with the
exception of a few rooms used as a prison. To the S. is a smsill modem
chateau, the Schlösschen, or Jungfernschloss, now used as a fire- watch
tower. Schemnitz is the seat of a celebrated academy for the education of
miners and foresters, which attracted many German and foreign students
until German was exchanged for Hungarian as the language of tuition. The
miners in the middle ages were chiefly Germans, the mines having been
worked by the Fuggers under Ferdinand I., but are now almost exclus-
ively Slavonians. The yield of the mines, some of which extend under
the town, is still considerable (IVa million fl.), although insignificant
compared with their former value. A visit to them is interesting and
easily accomplished (permission at the office). The longest shaft ('Kaiser-
Joseph II. Erbstollen'') is 9 M. in length. — The Galvarienkirehe , on a
lofty hill to the E. of the town, is an interesting church, and commands
the best survey of the environs.

The large embankment at Gran-Bresnitz was one of the most

KREMNITZ. 6-7. Route. 373

serious undertakings in the construction of the railway. The train
descends the valley of the Gran, passing on the left Heiligenkreuz^
Hungar. 8zt, Kerest , the summer-residence of the Bishop of Neu-
sohl, and then turns to the right into the narrow yalley of the Jav-
omiie. Several tunnels are passed through. Stat. BartOB-Lehotka,

156 M. KremnitZy Hungar. Kormoczbdnya (H$t, Szichenyi;
Hugo ; Hirsch ; Adler), an old mining town (8550 inhab.), surround-
ed with walls, situated in a deep valley, possesses celebrated gold and
silver-mines, which are still very productive, although the richest
veins are now exhausted. The old Castle contains the Cathedral,
with frescoes of the 15th cent, in partial preservation. The ducats
and silver coins of Kremnitz are struck at the Mint in the market-
place ; near It a fountain with a lofty jet. The mines are drained
into the Gran by a tunnel 9 M. in length, constructed in 1852.

Two more tunnels are threaded. Stations Turcseik; Stubnya-
Furdo, Germ. Bad Stuben , a village on the Stubna, with mineral
springs; Znyo^VdraljOj a market-town on the TAurdcs, with 1500
inhabitants. The line intersects the broad valley of the Thuröcz ;
stations Räkö - Priböcz y with an old chateau, ThuröczSzt. Mdrton
and (193 M.) Bnttek, Hungar. Rutka, junction of the Kaschau-
Oderberg line (p. 376). From Ruttek to (268 M.) Oderberg, see R. 70.

68. From Falek to B&nrÄve, Dobschau, and Miflkolcz.

Railway to Dohschau^ 74 M., in 6 hrs.; to MUoklez^ 59 M., in 5 bra.

Fulekf see p. 372. — The railway makes a wide curve to the E.,
and traverses a narrow valley. 7 M. Ajnaeskö-Söreg, 17 M. Feled,

From Feled to Thsissholz, 31 H., railway in 3 hn. The line ascends
the valley of the Rima. 6 H. Jdnosi. TVs M. RimoiZombeU (Drei Bosen;
Huszar; Grüner Baum), with a government stud-farm. — 31 M. Theissholx,
Hangar. Tiszolct, an industrial town in an elevated situation, with iron-
mines and mineral springs.

24 M. Rimascecs ; 30 M. Binrive, junction of the line to Dobschau.

The line to Dobschau, which gives access to the Oömör Cavern
District, bends to the N. and enters the valley of the 8ajö. From
(9 M.) Tomalja (Grossmann ; Tiger ; Krone), the second station, a
road (carr. there and back, allowing time to visit the cavern, 6 fl.)

leads N.E. to (41/2 M.) Aggtelek (Jnn).

Immediately above the village (guide 2 fl.) is the entrance to a cele-
brated stalactite ^Cavern (adm. 50 kr.), hardly inferior to that of Adelsberg,
and most beautiful when illuminated with Bengal lights (which, however,
the visitor must bring with him). A visit to the chief chambers occu-
pies 3>4 hrs. \ the largest are the *Ball Room^ and the ^Garden of Para-
dise\ The most remote recesses of the cavern have not yet been explored.

Stations Pelsocz, Oombaszog. 59 M. Bosenau, Hung. Rosenyö
(*8chwarzer Adler; Weinberger), the seat of a bishop, beautifully
situated on the Saj6. On a rock, 1V2^- to the E. of the town, rises
the well-preserved old castle of Kraszna Horka, restored by its
owner Count Andrassy. — From Rosenau a road leads E. to (9 M.)

374 RouU 69. TYRNAU.

Toma, ivith a ruined chateau (2 M. to the N.W. lies the beautiful
ravine of SzadeUo) and (9 M.) Kaschau (p. 369).

The line still follows the picturesque valley of the Sajö. Sta-
tions BettUr^ Heneiko, Alsö-Sajö.

74 M. Dobseliau, Hung. Dobsina (^Städtischer OasthofJ^ a town
with 5600 inhab., at the foot of the Radzim (3200 ft.). About 3 M.
to the N. opens the wild and beautiful VaUey of Stracena, watered
by the QöUnitzbach. The *Ice Cavern of Dobschau, one of the
finest known, has recently been made easily accessible, and well
repays a visit. We drive to the (6 M.) Inn Zur Eishöhle and pro-
ceed thence on foot (with guide) by a pleasant forest-path to the
cavern (adm. 40 kr., guide 10 kr.; illumination 1 fl. 26 kr. for each
score of lamps, magnesium wire extra). — From Dobschau a road
leads to the N. to Vemdr and (18 M.) Poprdd (p. 377).

The railway from Banr^ve to Miskolcz follows the valley of
the Sajö, — 34 M. PutnoJcj with a chateau belonging to Count Se-
rtfnyi. Then Vadna, Barczika, Sajö-Szt. Peter (on the left VdmoSj
with a chateau of Count Degenfeld). — 69 M. Kiskolcz (p. 369).

69. From PreBsbnrg to Tyrnau and Sillein.

Valley of the Waag.

126 M. Railway in 4V4-9 hrs.

Pressburg, see p. 333. (Tramway from the Brückenplatz , on
the left bank of the Danube, to the station of the Waagthal railway
on the N. side of the town, Ist class 20 kr.). The line passes
under the viaduct of the Vienna and Pest railway. Stations Rcttzars-
dorf, St, Oeorgen (to the left the vine - clad slopes of the Little
Carpathians, to the right a fertile plain). 11 M. ^ösm^ (Hungar.
Bazm)y an old walled town , with a small mineral bath prettily
situated 1 Y2 M. to the N. Stations Schenkwitz (to the left of which
lies the town of Modem , at the foot of the Carpathians), Bdhony,
and Cziffer, with a chateau and park of Count Zichy.

28 M. Tyrnau, Hungar. Nagy-Szombat or Tmava (*Zur Eisen"
bahn; Adler; Krone j RaiL Restaur,), an important-looking old
town (10,824 inhab.) , with numerous churches and monasteries,
lies on the Tmava. The Cathedral, founded in 1389, with two
clumsy towers added last century, is worthy of a visit. The old fosse
of the town is converted into promenades , adorned with beautiful
roses in summer.

On a steep crag. 9 M. to the W. of Tyrnau, rises the chateau of Bibera-
burg, built in 1200, and still in good preservation both within and without.
Formerly the property of the Fuggers, it now belongs to Count Pilffy.

Bbanch Railway from Tyrnau via Keresztür and (9 M.) Bxered, on
the Waag^ with 4000 inhab., and a ch&teau of Prince Esterhazy, to Odny
and (18 M.) GaldntJu» (p. 848).

The train now traverses the fertile plain of the Waag. Stations
Löcz-Bresztoväny and (881/2 M.) Freistadtl-Tjeopoldstadt. The latter,

TRENTSCHIN. 69. Route. 375

Hangar. Lipotvdr , on the right bank of the Waag , was originally
built in 1665 as a fortress for protection against the Turks. On the
left bank of the Waag, 1V2^* to the S.W., lies Frdstadtlj Hungar.
Oalgöes, a town with 6410 inhab. , commanded by the handsome
chateau of Count Erdody (superb view from the top).

The line follows the right bank of the Waag. On the £. rise
the steep wooded slopes of the Neutra Mta. 46 M. Kositol&ny. —
50 M. Pisty&n (Rail. Restaurant) , the fayourite baths of which
are beneficial in cases of gout and rheumatism, lies on an island in
the Waag. On 26th July, 1599, the Turks attacked the baths, when
attended by numerous patients, slew the men, and carried off the
women.

To the W. , on a distant hill, is seen the ruined castle of Quten-
sttin^ Hungar. Joko, To the left, on a rock nearer the railway, are
the remains of the castle of Cachticzy Hungar. Csejihe, once the
residence of the infamous Elizabeth Bathory, who is said to have
caused upwards of 300 young girls to be murdered within ten years
for the purpose of restoring herself to youth by means of their blood.
She was afterwards thrown into prison , where she died in 1610.
— 56 M. Brunöct, — 61 M. Waag-Nenstadtl, Hungar. Vdg'UjhSly
(*Railway Bestaurant)^ a small town of 5400 inhab. , with an old
church, founded in 1413. The valley now contracts. On a lofty rock
to the right are the considerable ruins of the castle of Becxkö, above
the small town of that name. Stations Bohuslavicx, Melsiez.

74 M. Trentschin, Hun. Tretiesen (Lamm), is the capital of the
district of that name. The small town (4400 inhab.), on the left
bank of the Waag , is commanded by an extensive old strong-
hold. The latter contains a well , 600 ft. in depth, hewn in the
rock by Turkish prisoners. The tower, 106 ft. in height, com-
mands a beautiful view. The Gothic Pariah Church of the 14th cent,
(altered in 1528) contains the interesting monument of a Count Ille-
hizy (d. 1648), consisting of an alabaster statue in a niche of black
marble , and a monstrance presented by Emp. Charles lY. to King
Lewis I. in 1326. The church is reached by a covered flight of
122 steps. Opposite the town, on the left bank of the Waag is the
dilapidated monastery of SkaUca.

82 M. Tepla-Trentsohin or Teplitz (Hot, Teplitz; numerous
lodging-houses; private apartments easily obtained), with warm
sulphur-springs, is a picturesquely-situated and much frequented
watering-place.

The next place in the vaUey of the Waag is Dubnitz , with a
chateau of Baron Sina, then (89 Y2 ^0 Jtlova with a large Schloss
used as a prison. Fine view of the valley. To the left Prudftau with
a Schloss of Count Konigsegg ; on a precipitous rock in the distance
the picturesque ruin of Oroazldrhyko. Then (94 M.) Bellus and (98 M.)
Puehö'Koczköcz. To the left near (106 M.) Waag-Bistritz, Hungar.
Vag-Besztereze, rises the finely-situated ruin of that name. At

376 Route 70. SILLEIN. From Odetherg

(II6V2 M-) ^Q9y Bicsc-Predmir a view to the right is disclosed of
ihe romantic *8sulyov Valley j with its curious rock-formations re-
sembling castles. 120 M. Hriesö, with a ruined castle. At Marczeg
the valley suddenly turns to the S.E. (to the left Sehloas Budatin).
126 M. SiUein (see below).

70. From Oderberg to Kaschan.

217 M. Railway in 12-14 hrs. (only one through-train daily). At Ruttek
(where carriages are changed for Pest, R..67) there is always considerable
detention.

Oderberg, see p. 329. The line diverges to the S.E. from the
Vienna railway (R. 52), and traverses a wooded, hilly district, the
N. spurs of the Beskid Mta. 8 M. Dombtau; 10^2 M. Karwin;
12 M. DarkaUy with saline springs Impregnated with iodine;
I5Y2 M. Lofikau,

19M.Tesche]LrHir4eA;Oc^8;£r52eZ£mnef;, a town with 11,000
inhab., situated on an eminence on the right bank of the Olsa^ the
capital of the duchy of that name, which is now held by Archduke
Albert. The peace between Prussia and Austria, at the end of the
Bavarian war of succession in 1799, was concluded here. Of the
old castle of the 12th cent, one huge tower is still standing. Large
spinning-miU and brewery belonging to Archduke Albert.

24 M. Tnynietx, with large iron- works belonging to the Arch-
duke Albert; 281/2 M. Bistritzf 31 M. Jablunkau, with 2732 in-
habitants. The line ascends in long curves to the Jablunka Tunnel
(1800 ft.), penetrating the ridge of the Beskidet, the boundary bet-
ween Silesia and Hungary. It then descends to (44 M.) Ca&czaf a
small town on the Kisutza. Stat. Kräaznö^ Kisutzct-Neusteidtl.

621/2 M. Sillein, Hungar. Zsd^na (1180 ft.; Railway Bestow
rant\ a market-town with 3800 Inhab. and several churches, on
the left bank of the Waag, (To Pressburg and Tymau, see R. 69.)

The train now traverses the broad valley of the Waag towards
the £. On the left Teplitzay and a chateau with two towers. Farther
on, Count Pongr&cz's chateau of Nedetz. 68 M. Varin. The valley
contracts so as barely to leave room for the river, road, and railway.
On a dizzy rock on the^ right bank of the Waag the ruin of Streeanö,
on the left that of Ovar. The rapids of the river here are fre-
quently dangerous to rafts. The train penetrates the Neutra Mta.
by a short tunnel, traverses the romantic defile of Strecsnö^ and
reaches (76 M.) Bnttek , Hungar. Rutka (*Bail. Restaurant)^ the
junction of the Altsohl and Pest line (R. 67), picturesquely situated
at the confluence of the turbulent Thuröcz and the Waag.

79 M. Szucsdny. Beyond (81 M.) Turdn the train passes
through a tunnel piercing the Fdtra Hills , and reaches (871/2 M.)
Krälovdn. On a lofty rock in the valley of the Arva , which opens
here, 9 M. to the N.E., is situated the handsome, well-preserved
castle of Arva. — 9O1/2 M. Luhochna; 981/2 M. Bosenberg, Hun-

to Kasehau. POPRÄD. 70, Route, 377

Liptö'Rözsahegy (Rail. Restaurant)^ a small town (3260 Inhab.) in

the district of Llptau, with a Piarist monastery rising on a hill

above it. To the N., on the hill-side, the ruins of Likavka.

The mineral-bathfl of Korytnica, 9 H. to the S. (carr. 4-6 fl., omn. 1 fl.
60 kr.) y a cure for affections of the liver and stomach , consist of a hotel
and a number of villas (furnished rooms 60 kr. to 1 fl. 80 kr. per day).

At Stat. Tepla a view is disclosed of the Liptau and Zips Car-
pathians. Stations KU-Olaszi, Pdriahdza, 113 M. Lipt6 8st. ICiklÖB
(Adler; Rail, Restaurant) j capital of the district of Liptan. To the
S. are the Poludnica and the interesting grottoes of Demenova
(5 M. ; carr. in 1^2 ^T^-t there and back 3 fl.).

i20M. Hrftdek, 0TLiptö-üjvär(*H6tel Brüll, R. 80 kr. to i fl.),
situated at the confluence of the Bela and the Waag, with a ruined
castle. Fine view here of the Tatra chain ; the nearest peak is the
Kriv&n (8190 ft.). The line skirts the S. base of the Titra Mts.,
the wild serrated ridges and peaks of which present a most pictur-
esque appearance. 123 M. Kirdly-Lehota , at the confluence of the
WeUse and the Schwarxe Waag, 129^2 M. Vihodna- Vdzsec (2506 ft. ;
ascent of the Krivin , see p. 382); 133 M. Vdgfalva, The line
crosses the watershed between th^ Waag and the Popr&d or Popper
at (137 M.) Csorha or Hochwald (2950 ft. ; to the Lake of Csorba,
see p. 381), and reaches (142 M.) Bad Lueswna , with a park and
hydropathic establishment, in the valley of the Poprad. 144^2 M.
Luesivna, Ger. LautacMmrg (*Inn ; route to the Mengsdorf valley,
see p. 381). Fine view hence of the Koncysta or Mengsdorfer Spitze
(7770 ft.) and of the Gerlsdorfer Spitze r8733 ft.).

149 M. Popr4d, or Deutsehendorf (Wl 6 ft.; *Park Husz, V2M.
from the station, with a pretty garden and a fine view of the Tatra
Mts. ; HHel Tatra , at the station), is one of the sixteen free Zips
towns founded by Saxon immigrants in the 12th cent., which still
retain their German -language and character. It is the station for

Kesmark and Schmeks (see p. 380).

The *01ori6tt or Belvedere of the Carpathian Club, about 41/2 M. from
Poprad, commands a magnificent panorama of the Tatra Hts. We follow
the carriage-road through the Blumenthal to (27« M.) an /m», whence a
beautiful forest-path leads to the (2 M.) Oloriett. — An enjoyable excursion
may be made ftom PoprAd to the *Iee Oavem of Dobaoiiau (or Dobtinä),
in the valley of the Siyö, 18 M. to the S. (comp. p. 374). The road (carr.
and pair, there and back in Öhrs., 8 fl.) skirts the huge Kralova Hola^ or
Königsberg (6444 ft.). — About 3 H. to the S.E. of Poprad are the baths
of O&aoos, with a warm spring.

The line crosses the Popr&d and quits the valley of that stream.
A low hill near (158 M.) Kapsdorf forms the watershed between the
Danube and Vistula. I06 M. Igl6 » Ger. Neudorf (*Rail, Restau-
rant)y on the Hern&d, is another of the sixteen Zips free towns.

Leutaehan» Hungar. Löcse (*Beiehs€tdler)y 6 M. to the K. (omn. 60 kr. ;
carr. there and back for 1/2 day 3, for a whole day 6 fl.), is an old town
with 7040 inhabitants. The church of 8t. James is a fine (iothic edifice of
the 13th cent, with a slender tower. It contains an elegant tabernacle, sev-
eral well-carved altars, and some good pictures and monuments. Fine
organ. The Bathhaus, with its open arcades, is in the Platz on the S.
side of the church. Beautiful view of the Tatra.

378 Route 71. THE TATRA MOUNTAINS.

A road (oarr. 4 fl.) lead« to the S.E. from Iglö to Wagenärüssel (Hun.
Meriny) and Bchwarzenbertr (Hun. FeketeJiegy) ^ a hydropathic establish-
ment in a sheltered situation amid beautiful pine-woods.

The line follows the valley of the Herndd. Stations Marksdorf ^
WalUndorf-Kirchdrauf. At the village of Kirchdrauf, 4 M. to the
N., are the ruins of the large castle of Zips, which gave name to
the district, and an interesting cathedral (St. Martin's) begun in the
13th cent, in the Romanesque, and altered in the 15th cent, in the
late-Gothic style. The church contains curious mural paintings of
the 14th cent. , some of them well-preserved. At (184 M.) Krom-
pach there are iron- works. 187 M. Stefanshütte; 191 M. Margit-
falvc^OöllnitZj an old town with copper and silver mines. The line
traverses a narrow and picturesque rocky valley. 201^2 ^* ^^^~
Ladna; 208 M. Abos (branch-line to EperieSj p. 370); then through
a tunnel into the broad and beautiful lower valley of the Hem&d.

217 M. Kaschan, see p. 369.

71. The T&tra HonntaiiiB.

The *T4tra, the only mountains of Alpine character among the
West Carpathians, is a range of granite, gneiss, and limestone form-
ation, about 30 M. in length from the Babkiberg and Sivaberg on
the W. to the Zdjdr Pass on the E. and varying in width from 10
to 15 M. In the W. part of the range, as far as the Lilijove Pass,
the average height is ahout 6000 ft. ; while to the £. , between the
Krivan and the Kesmarker-Spitze, this figure rises to about 7500 ft.
The highest summits on the W. and N.W., in the Liptau and Ga-
licia, are not more than 7500 ft. high, while in the Hohe Tatra, in
the district of Zips, several peaks exceed this height and some
attain an elevation of about 8750 ft. To the S. of the Tatra lie the
table-lands of Liptau and Zips (valleys of the Waag and Popper ;
2000-2500 ft.), while on the N. a range of lower hills (3-4000 ft.)
interpose between it and the plains of the Dunajec and Arva (1600-
2300 ft.). Alpine pastures and woods occur in the W., and also to
some extent in the E. part of the chain, but in Galicia and the
Zips the Tatra abounds in remarkably wild scenery. The chief fea-
tures here are barren, fissured peaks, precipitous and inaccessible
ridges, andbleak, rock-cumbered valleys, containing deep and isolat-
ed lakes (Pol. staxoy, Slav, plesso^ i. e. eyes of the sea), which are
gradually being filled up with the debris precipitated from the steep
slopes above them. The highest peaks are not free from snow ex-
cept in midsummer, while many of the gorges, especially on the
N. side, are filled with perpetual snow. The dwellers on the S. side
of the Tatra are Slavonians, on the N. Poles, and in Zips, on the E.
side (between Fopräd and Bela), Germans.

Hotels and Inns are now plentiful, especially on the S. side of
the range. The following lie immediately at the foot of the moun-
tains (2460-4400 ft.) and are suitable for a stay of sometime: Alt-

THE TATRA MOUNTAINS. 71, Route. 379

SehmekSf Neu-Sehmeks, and Unter ^ Schmeks , at the base of the
Schlagendorf er Spitze , the Csorha hotels, Beler Höklehheim in the
Kotlina Valley , Villa Loisch at the foot of the Lomnitzer Spitze,
Tätrahdza on the Weissifvasserhach , the Kesmarker Jagd- ^ Tou-
ristenhaus , the forester's house of Hagi and the tourist - house of
Rausckik at the foot of the Gerlsdorf er Spitze ; Hotel Kohlbach on
the Kämmchen, Hotel Gemse on the Rainerwiese. The Hunfalvy
Hut on the Felker-See, the Majlath-Hut on the Popper-See, and
the gamekeeper's cottage Pod Bansko at the foot of the Krivän
offer simple accomodation. The towns of Kesmark, Poprad , and
Hradek^ in which there are good hotels, the popular hydropathic
establishment of Lucsivna, the watering-place of Qanoczy etc.,
lie from 3 to 6 M. from the mountains. On the N. side of the range,
the best points from which to begin excursions are Zakopane ^ Javo-
rtna, and the refuge huts of the Galician Tatra Club in the Roz-
toka Valley and at the Fisehsee, — The best time for exploring
this district is from July to the middle of September ;' but June
and October, when charges are considerably abated, are also some-
times favourable (Bad Neu-Schmeks is open in winter).

The regulations for Guides, etc., have been framed by the Hungarian
Carpathian Club and the Galician Täitra Club. Tourists should employ
only authorized guides Cautorisirte Fahrer*)^ who are bound to produce
the official tariff on demand. Each guide may be required to carry about
35 lbs. of luggage, but when long tours are made, involving considerable
supplies of baggage and provisions, a porter must also be engaged. As the
nights are often very cold (even in summer the temperature sometimes
falls below 92* at an elevation of 600a-€600 ft.) it is advisable to be well
supplied with rugs. The chiurge for guides from Zakopane, some of whom
also undertake expeditions in the S. Tatra, is 2 fl. per day (1 fl. 20 kr. for
V2 a day) besides food. For expeditions in the S. Tdtra, the best guides
are to be found at Schmeks C2-8 fl. per day; for difficult mountain-expe-
ditions 4-6 fl.). Porters receive l-iVz A- per day, and their food. Com-
plaints should be addressed to the managers of the various baths. The
Zakopane guides usually speak Polish only.

Infobmatiok may be obtained at the offices of the Carpathian Club at
Leutschau (head-office), Kesmark (Herr Genserich). Poprad (Herr Husz),
Felka (Herr Krompecher), Gross-Schlagendorf (Herr Weszter), at the offices
of the baths at Alt, Ken, and Unter-S(£meks; and at the office of the T^tra
Club in Zakopane.

The most convenient means of Access to the Tatra from Germany is
afforded by the railway from Oderberg to Kaschau (R. 70); from Vienna,
by the railway through the Waagthal to Sillein (B. 69). On ooth lines sum-
mer-tickets are issued at reduced rates to the principal watering-places in
the Tatra. Those who wish to approach from the X. should take the
Galician railway from Otwieiim (p. toi) or Podgörze (Cracow), via Skawina
and Sttcha to (4V»^ hrs.) Chab&wka (Rail. Restaur.), whence a diligence plies
twice daily in 2 hrs. 20 min. to (11 M.) !ffewnarkt (p. 384). A carriage from
Neumarkt to (3 hrs.) Zakopane costs 3 fl. ; from Zakopane to Schmeks by
Kesmark, about 16 fl.

ExcuBsioNs. Those usually made are the following: From Hradek
ascend the Krivdn. From Csorba visit the Lake of Csorba. From Lucsivna
visit the Mengsdorf Valley, the Popper and Hinzen lakes, and ascend the
Meeraugetupiize. From Schmeks visit the Felka Valley, and the Great and
Little Kohlbach Valleye, ascend the Schlagendor/ and Lomnitz peaks. From
Kesmark enter the Steinbach and Weisswasger valleys, visit the Stalactite
Cavern at Bela, and cross the Kopa or the Zdjdr PaM, to Javorina. From

380 RouU7U SGHMEKS. Tdtra Mountains.

Javorina ascend the Javorina Siroka^ visit the PUn/Menthal (*yalley of the
five lakes') and the Oroise Fitchsee. From Zakopane ascend the Magöra^ and
visit the Koicielitko Valley. — A considerable number of additional tours
have, however, been opened up within the last ten years, by the establish-
ment of new starting-points, and more especially, by the construction of
the Carpathian Club's new *Touriats' Path (TourUtenteeff)^ which unites
the principal places of interest in the 8. Tatra. This highly picturesque
path, which is upwards of 21 H. in length, begins at the Beler BÖhlenheim
(2460 ft.), ascends to the three stations of Sehmeki (about 3280 ft.), and ends
at the Lake of Ctorha (4490 ft.) ; pedestrians may cover the entire distance
in one day; riders in V2 day.

Popr&d, see p. 377. We proceed hence by road (one-horse carr.
for 3 pers., 3Y2-& A-) via FeUca ('Park Krompecher, hotel and villas
with garden) and Oross-Sehlagendorf (♦Hotel Weszter, R. 80 kr. to
Ifl. 20 kr., D 1 fl., pens, cheaper) to (8 M.) Alt-Sohmeks, Hangar.
Tdira Fwred (3340 ft.), a watering-place with mineral -springs,
pine-cone baths, and cold-water cure, prettily situated at the foot
of the Schlagendorf . It is an excellent starting-point for expe-
ditions into the Tatra, but is often overcrowded in summer. Qipsy-
music in the season (July and August). Telegraph-offlce. Saddle-
horses for hire. — About ^2 M. to the W. lies the water-cure
establishment of Ken-SclimekSi Hung. Vj-Tätta FiXred^ well-iltted
up, and adapted for a winter - residence for pulmonary patients.
— About IY4 M. below Alt-Schmeks, with which it is connected
by a picturesque road and footpath, lies TJntar-SolimekB, a water-
ing-place founded in 1881, and already much frequented.

Picturesque walks may be taken from Unter-Schmeks to the
*• Aussicht* (^2 hr. ; Restaur.); from Alt-Schmeks to the Ziegenstein
and the Fünf Quellen (1/2 hr.), the Räuberstein (8/4 hr.), etc.

Excursions. To the *Kohlbach Valley , IV2 hr. to the Bainerwiese,
very attractive. A good footpath ascends from Alt-Schmeks to the N.E.
to the (S/4 hr.) Kämmchen (412T ft.), which affords a beautiful view of the
Kohlbach valleys and the Lomnitzer Spitze. Immediately below the sum-
mit are the RoMa-HUtt« and the Kohlbaeh- Hotel, built in 1884. We then
descend past the three KohWach WaterfalU, amid fine scenery, to the (Vi hr.)
Rainerwietey on which is the Hotel Oenue (4910 fl.). 1 M. to the N. is the
Giant Waterfall (130 ft. high).

Mountain Expeditions. To the *Five Lakes in the Little Xohlbach
Valley, 41/2-Ö hrs. from Alt-Schmeks. From the Hot. Gemse (see above),
we ascend the Treppehen, a steep slope with terraces somewhat resembling
a flight of steps , to the (I'/s hr.) Feuerstein (5180 ft.) and up the steep and
fatiguing Seeteand to (IV2 hr.) the Five Lakes (6586 ft.) in the Little Kohl-
bach Vallep.

The Lomnitser Spitae (8642 ft. ; guide 4 fl.) is ascended in 6-7 hrs.
from Alt-Schmeks. From the Feuerstein (see above) the route ascends to
the right over steep grassy slopes to the Oh br*) Lomniteer Kamm (7380 ft.;
p. 382). Hence a steep and difflciüt ascent (chains at the worst spots) to
the (I'/s hr.) summit, from which the view is open only to the N.E. and S.

The Bisthaler Spitae (8620 ft. ; guide 41/2 A.), difficult, only for adepts,
may be ascended from Alt-Schmeks in 8 hrs. Magnificent view ^om the top.

An easier and equally interesting excursion is the ascent of the "^Schla-
gendorfer Bpitse (8048 ft. •, guide 8 fl.) : after »/i hr. we diverge to the right
from the path into the Felka Valley; 1 hr. the Three Schlagendorf Lakes
(5995 ft.) ; thence to the summit in 3 hrs. Admirable view, somewhat con-
fined to the W. and N. by the Qerlsdorf and Lomnitz peaks.

Ascent of the Polnische Kamm, by the Felka Valley (there and back
'^ hrs. ; provisions necessary), fatiguing. Bridle-path over the (IV2 hr.)

Tdtra Mountains. GSOBBA. 71. Route. 381

Kreuzhilbel (4183 ft.) to the (1/2 hr.) beautiful green *'Felka Lake (5380 ft.), on
whicb is the Hunfalvy Refuge Hut (refreshm. and beds). A steep footpath
leads along the £. side of the Oranatenteand to (i/shr.) the Blumengarten
(5720 ft.), or next zone of the valley, a beautiful Alpine pasture (once a lake),
and to the (V2 hr.) Felkaer Langensee (6426 ft.). On the W. rises the huge
Oerlsdor/er Spitze (see below). Then a rugged ascent of IV2 hr. to the summit
of the Polnische Kamm (7205 ft.), a narrow saddle sloping abruptly on each
side, whence a striking view is obtained of the N. side of the mountains,
the Ge/rome See (5885 ft.) far below. The view is still better from the with
Kleine Viszoka (7970 ft.), ascended without difficulty from the pass in '/i hr.
We descend by the Kaviige Huhel to the Blumengarten, or by the K^^
ehen and the QroM KoJUbacher Lakes to the (4 hrs.) Hotel Gemse (p. 380).
— The direct descent from the Polnische Kamm to the Gefrorne Sse (and
Javorjna, p. 383) is for thorough mountaineers only.

The ascent of the (Hrlsdorfer Bpitse (8733 ft.), the highest of the
Titra Mts., accomplished from Schmeks through the Felka Valley, is very
difficult, and occupies 17 hrs. (there and back) ; guide 5 fl.

The ascent of the * Meeraugenspitze ^ the most celebrated point of view
in the Tdtra, forms an expedition of 2-3 days from Schmeks (guide 9 fl.);
see below.

CBorba (p. 377 ; quarters at the station-master's) Is the starting-
point for a visit to the Lake of Csorba. Carriage-road in 2 hrs. (carr.
in l*/2 hr., 3 fl. there and back), 'Touristen weg' (p. 380) from Hagi
in 11/2 ^^'i to the *Lake of Csorba (4430 ft.), which lies on the
watershed between the Waag and Popper, and is surrounded by
pine-forest and rocky debris. The banks of the lake a£ford a grand
view of the Titra Mts., from the Krivan to the Schlagendorf peak.
On the S. bank stand a Hotel and several villas (R. 1 fl. 70-2 fl. 20,
D. 1 fl. 40 kr.). A pleasant trip on the lake may be made in a boat
kept for the purpose.

ExcuBSiONs may be made from the Lake of Csorba to the top of the
KriTiB (8185 ft.) in 8-9 hrs. there and back (see p. 382) \ to the Mlinica
Valley, with its veil-like waterfall (IV2 hr.); and to the top of the Bastei
(Vordere Bastei 7410 ft.), 5-6 hrs. there and back.

The * Valley of Kengadorf is one of the grandest in the Tatra. The
path from the lake leads through the wooded valley oi the Popper to the
dVz hr.) magnificently situated * Popper Lake (4930 ft.) on which is the
Majlath-Hütte (night-quarters, ^ood wine), where the routes from Ranschik
(3 hrs.) and Lucsivna (4V2 hrs.) join it. The lake is commanded by the Bastei
(7410 ft.) and the Patria (7229 ft.) on the W. and the Tupa (7160 ft.) and
Osierva (6318 ft.) on the E. , with the Viszoka or Tatra (8380 ft.) in the
background on the K.E. — The very attractive ascent of the *Keeraugen-
spitse (8226 ft.), the Bigi of the Tatra, may be made from the MajUth
Hut in 4-5 hrs. (with guide) vi& the Froseh-Been. The summit commands
a magnificent panorama of the surrounding mountains and no fewer than
thirteen lakes. Far below on the N.W. side lie the Meerauge and the
Grosse Fischsee (p. 383). The return may be made from the Frosch-
See to the larger Hineen-See (6256 ft.), above which tower the Mengsdorfer
Spitze (7970 ft.), the Oubrina (7966 ft.), and the KoprovehSpitze (7770 ft.), and
thence across Alpine pastures (numerous marmots) to the Popper-See. —
From the Ueeraugenapitse we may descend (steep and difßcult at places)
to the Meerauge (5205 ft.), and thence by a lofty cliff (600 ft.) to the refuge-
hut on the Grosse Fisch-See (4540 ft.) and to Javorina (see p. ^SS).

The Hohe Viasoka (TätraspUxe 8380 ft.), ascended from the MajUth
Hut by the Hun/alvff- Seharte in 6-6 hrs., should be attempted only by
thorough mountaineer« (guide 5 fl.). The view resembles that from the
Meeraugenspitze, from which the Viszoka may be reached by a very diffi-
cult route in SVa hrs. Descent to the (3 hrs.) *Eistee (6860 ft.) which lies
IV2-3 hrs. from the Mi^läth-Hütte.

382 Bouuri. KESMARK. Tdtra MountainB.

The ascent of the Kriy&ii (8190 ft.) may be undertaken either
from Hradek (p. 377), from Vazsec (railway-Btation, p. 377), or
from the Lake of Csorba (p. 381). From Hradek we walk in 4 hrs.
to Pod BanakOj where the night is spent at the forester^s (rastic
quarters) ; thence (guide not requisite for adepts) we follow the
road to the £. through wood, then ascend to the left in zigzags
shortly before reaching Kolibi Podkrivanski; finally a steep and
fatiguing climb over debris brings us to the (472-5 hrs.) summit,
which consists of a plateau about 160 ft. long by 6-10 ft. wide. —
From Vazseo we first proceed to the inn of Belanstko (fair accom-
modation; guides), IY2 ^* to the N., whence a tolerable* road
leads through woods and over meadows to the (3 hrs.) pasture
of Pavlova at the S. foot of the mountain (riding or driying
practicable to this point). Then an ascent to the £., round the
S.E. spurs of the Krivan into the valley of Predni-Handel and
to the (3 hrs.) Orüne See (0615 ft.), whence the top is reached by
a stiff climb of 1V2-^ hrs. over loose stones. — From the Lake of
Csorba we cross the S. base of the SzolUzko and the Ostra Kratka
to the valley of Predni-Handel and (2^2 ^ts,^ the Grüne See (see

above).

Interesting mountain-view: toward« the W. the mountain descends
in huge precipices to the Terianszko Lake (6358 ft.) in the Koprova Valley^
beyond which the Smrecin Lake» (5315 ft.), the Orüne See, and the Laie
of Csorba are also visible.

Kesmark (2055 ft. ; *H6tel Mceie, with veranda ; *Hötel Hu-
minsky; Kesmark') y picturesquely situated on the Popper, 10Y2^« to
the N.E. of Popr&d, is one of the oldest towns in Hungary, having
been a ^royal free town' since 1380. It has considerable linen-fac-
tories. The old parish church contains some good carving. The Je-
rusalem, a hill near the town affords a good survey of the Titra.
Tdtrahdza (*Inn ; pens. 14 fl. per week) , in the woods , 2 M. to
the N. , is a pleasant and inexpensive place for a stay of some dur-
ation. — Kesmark is another good starting-point for excursions.

ExGüBBiOMs. To the Steinbaehsee (5742 ft.) in the SteinhMh Valley (5 hrs. \
fatiguing), imposing rocky scenery. Farther on is the smaller Triehter-ßee
(5830 ft.), whence we may ascend the steep slopes to the left to the Lorn-
nUzer Kamm (7880 ft.), and by a path indicated dv blue marks (very steep
at places) to the to^ of the Lomnitzer Spitze (p. 880). — The W«Mwaner
VaUey is also very interesting. We follow the path leading by Titrahiza,
the Villa Loisch^ and the Weiste Wand to the (3 hrs.) Kressebrunnen. and
proceed thence to the (2 hrs.) Aegydi Refuge-Hut on the Qrüne See (SOio ft.),
prettily situated at the foot of the KarfunkehThurm, the (1 hr.) Rothe See
(5538 ft.), so named from the reddish hue of the bottom, and the 0/t br.)
Blaue See and OeU)e See; then back to the Weisse See^ above the Biler Ko-
schar^ and across the meadows of the Weida to Kesmark in 7 hrs. (guide
necessary).

The Stalactite Oavem of Beta, re-discovered in 1881 and now access-
ible for a distance of nearly 2 M., is reached from Tätrahiaa by a road
passing the poor inn of (V4 hr.) Sarpanee, to the new Hotel Beler Höhlefk-
heim (2400 ft. ; good Restaurant) in the Kotlina Valley , V« kr. below the
cave. Illumination of the cave with 800 lamps ii fl., 500 7 fl., 200
4 fl.; adm. 50 kr. per head and 20 kr. to the guide; adm. without an illu-
mination 1 fl. 20 kr. — From Beler Hoblenhelm excursions may be taken

Tdtra Mountains. ZAKOPANE. 71. Route. 383

to the top of the Palenica (8847 ft.; li/z hr.) or of the Tokdmya (4000 ft.;
2 hrs.), both with fine views; and to the (2V2 hrs.) Alabaster Grotto^
apparently so named from its white stalactites (guide necessary). The
grotto is reached direct from Eesmark (there and hack 7-8 hrs.) by the
road leading past Zuntchen^Uehm^ 2 hrs. below the entrance (guide indis-
pensable). — Through the Ti^e Or und and over the Rothe Lehm saddle to
the (3 hrs.) Aegydi Refuge Hut on the Orüne.ßee (see p. 382) and to the
Beler Kosehar beneath the DurUherg (5962 ft.) — TmirieV Road irom the
Beler Höhlenheim to the (1 hr.) Kesmarker Touristenhaus and (1 hr.) Vüla
Loisch, see p. 380.

An interesting expedition by carriage from Kesmark leads by Bela
and Wintchendorf to the Zipeer Magura (3110 ft.; Inn) , and thence by
Altendorf to (10 hrs.) the Rothe Kloster on the Dunajec. We may descend
the Dunajec by raft (4-9 fl.), through the picturesque limestone hills of
the Aentny, to (IV2 br.) Bad Szczateniea (p. 370).

From Kesmark to Javorina on the N. side of the mountains

there are two routes : a road through the Kotlina Valley and over

the Zdjdr Pass (3520 ft.)» a drive of 6 hrs. (two-horse carr. there

and back 12 ft.), and a bridle-path over the Kopa-Pass (5760 ft.).

The latter traverses the Weisswasser Vallei/y passing the Kesmarker

Kosehar (Alpine chalet) , crosses the pass , and descends through

the Talley of the Javorina Copper Mines to (8 hrs.) Javorina

(3550 ft. ; Inn, rustic), with large iron-works of Prince Hohenlohe,

The most attractive excursion from this point, and one of the finest
in the Titra, is to the ^Orosse Fisehsee (4600 ft), wildly and roman-
tically situated in the BitUka Vcdley. The route passes the (2 hrs.) refuge-
hut in the Roztoka Valley (simple accommodation) and reaches the lake
in 2 hrs. more (refreshments and night-quarters at the T^tra Club's chalet
at the N. end). A raft on the lake may be used for the purpose of crossing
it (20 min.), and the traveller may then ascend a rocky barrier beyond to
the (Vshr.) i/^erau^r« (5230 ft.), a smaller lake of dark-brown colour, from
which the Meeraugen-Spitze (p. 381) rises precipitously. — To the water«
fall (2Vs hrs.) in the Roztoka, or Five Lake VMey^ is also a pleasant ex-
cursion. The route ascends to the right from the Bialka Valley at the
(2 hrs.) chalet (see above), and in 2 hrs. more reaches the Siklava Fall,
86 ft. in height, situated below the Wielki State (Ö170 ft.; Chalet), the
lowest and largest of the Five Polish Lakes, which lie one above another
in a bleak rocky valley. — The Siroka (7267 ft.), ascended with a guide in
4-5 hrs., affords an admirable insight into the savage rocky scenery of
the N. Tatra, from the Swinnica to the Kopa Pass.

From Jayorina to Zakopane a road (15 M., carr. 4 fl.) leads
by Podspady, Jurgovj Bukowina, and Poronin. The hill at Buko-
wina commands an admirable view of the entire Tatra range. A
road leads to the left from the Tillage of Zakopane (^Casino of the
Tdtra Club ; Restaurants Sieczka, Kosciesz, Stasieczek ; Dr. PiasckVs
Hydropathic, prettily situated) to the (3 M.) Zakopane Iron Works
(3240 ft. ; »Inn, R. 80 kr.-l fl. 20 kr.). The small baths of Jaszczu^
röwka, with a *neutrar thermal spring (OS** Fabr.), lie 2 M. to the
N.E.

Excursions. The Kagöra, or Kopa Ifagöry (5630 ft.), a barren peak
to the S.E. of the iron-works, easily ascended in 2 hrs., affords a pictur-
esque view of the K. and W. side of the Titra. In the ridge which runs
from the Magöra towards the W. is a large cavern containing stalactites
and the fossil remains of numerous antediluvian animals (2V2-3 hrs. from
Zakopane; guide and torches necessary). — From the Hagöra we may
descend to the £. into the Sieben-Seen-Thal, or Walley of the seven lakes\

384 Routers, CRACOW.

where we first reach the (1 hr.) 0<uienicowe or RaupenLakes (5300 ft.)i in the
W. hranch of the valley. A path leads hence to the S. over Uie LUijowe Pass
(6360 ft.), between the Beskid (6568 ft.) and the ^a<i iToMmo« (6818 ft.)
to the upper valley of the Tycha (to Fribüina and Hradek , p. 377). The
'^Bwvnnica (7560 ft.), ascended from the Lil^owe Pass, commands a magni-
ficent view (3-4 hrs. from the lower Oa8ieniGowe-&ee). — In the apper,
S.E., ramification of the Suchateoda Valley, or Sieben- Seen- Thai, ia the
''Schwarse Bee iCsamy Staw^ 5390 ft.), one of the largest and most beau-
tiful lakes in the T^tra, lying at the base of the precipitous KoscieUe-
Spitte (2 hrs. from Zakopane). An interesting but fatiguing excursion,
suitable for expert mountaineers only, may be made as follows: from the
Sehwarze See to the (2Vs hrs.) Eatrai Pass or Sutinnica Scharte (7140 ft.),
which commands an Alpine prospect of surpassing grandeur; thence to the
(1 hr.) Fünf-Seen- Thai (see p. 388) and across the Swistowka (5600 ft.) to
(3 hrs.) the Grosse Fischsee (see p. 888) and to (3 hrs.) Javorina (p. 383). Or
from the Grosse Fisch-See we may proceed to the Meerauge {$. 383), and
thence by the Meeraugenspitte to the Popper and Csorba Lakes (1 day), and
via Hagi to (5 hrs.) Schmeks ; or we may return from the Meerauge to the
Fisch-See and enter the Podupleuki Valley, and then passing the Qefmme
See proceed by the Polnische Kamm (p. 380) and the Felka Valley to Schmeks
(1 day). — Another fine excursion from Zakopane is to the '^Ko^cieliidco
Valley (6 M. to the W.), the romantic rocky ravine of the Schwarze Dunajec
(rustic inn V4 hr. from the entrance). A rough bridle-path leads hence
over the Tycha Pass (5515 ft.) and through the valley of that name to Pod
Bansko, 15 M. to the N. of Hradek (p. 377)-

About 151/2 M. to the N. of Zakopane (carr. in 3 hrs., 21/2-8 fl.)
lies Neumofki (H6tel Herz), whence a diligence runs twice daily
in 2 hrs. 20 min. to (11 M.) Chctböwka (railway station, p. 379).

72. From Vienna to Cracow. Wieliczka.

256 M. Railway in 9V3-13Vs hrs. (express to Oderberg in 6, thence to
Cracow in 3V4 hrs.).

From Vienna to (171 M.) Oderherg , see R. 52. The line now
proceeds in an E. direction, within a short distance of the Prussian
frontier. Country uninteresting. Stations Petrowitz, Seiberadorf,
Pruchna, Chybij Dzieditz (branch-line in 1 hr. to Bielitz and Biala,
two Protestant manufacturing towns , separated by the Biala , the
frontier-river between Silesia and Galicia), and Saybuseh. The BicUa
is crossed farther on. Stat. JawUxowice. Beyond 0S\ai^6im, the
junction toi Btuthtn-Kbnigihütte and Kandtzin^ the VUiula is cross-
ed. Stations Chelmek, ChrzanöWy (231 M.) Trzebinia, where the line
to Upper Silesia and Warsaw diverges. Stations Knecszowice,
Zabierzow.

256 M. Cracow. — ] Hotels, hotel Victobia (PI. a ^ B, 3) , Anna-
gasse i *HÖT£L Dsezdsnski (PI. b ; B, 3), in the market-place •, *Hötbl dk
Saxe (PI. c \ B, 3), Slawkowskagasse ; Hotel Polski (PI. d; B, 3), Florianer-
gasse; Hotel de l'Edropb, nearest the railway-station^ Hotel Poller
(PI. f; B, 3), Spitalgasse. Dinners always ä la carte, as in Austria.

Keataurants. E. Streiter, 0rodzka-Str., near the Schloss; ffawelka,
next door to the Hotel de Dresde (Bohemian beer). — Cot^eetioner and
Cß/i in the Tuchhalle; Cafi Wieland.

Cabs (poor). From the station into the town, two-horse 70, one-
horse 40 kr., with or without luggage i per Vi hr. 3U or 20, V»hr. 50 or
40 , 1 hr. 1 fl. or 90 kr. Between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. a fare and a half
is charged.

CRACOW. 7S. Route. 385

OonuniBrionnairei (per day IV2 A., half day 80 kr.), here called ^factors^
and always Jews, frequently importune travellers at the station or hotel.

Cracow , situated in an extensive plain at the confluence of the
Rudowa and the Vistula (Wisiajj once the capital of Poland,
where the kings were crowned down to 1764, subsequently the
capital of a small independent state , was finally annexed to Austria
after the insurrection of 1846 and fortified (66,095 inhah., 18,000
Jews). The churches and towers, the lofty Schloss, and other hand-
some buildings give an imposing appearance to the town when seen
from the suburbs. The space between the town and the suburbs is
occupied by promenades planted with trees.

The fortified SohloBB {Zamek hrolewski, PI. B, 4, 5), on the
Wawel hill at the W. end of the town, was originally erected by Ca-
simir the Great in the 14th cent., but most of the present build-
ings are modem. It was the residence of the Polish kings till 1610,
when Sigismund III. transferred his seat to Warsaw. This vast pile
consists of a number of different large buildings erected by various
kings of Poland. In 1846 it was converted into a barrack and hospital.

The ^Cathedral, or ScUoMkirche (PI. B, 4), a Gothic church

on the £. side of the Schloss, consecrated in 1359 under Casimir

the Great, is the place of sepulture of the Polish kings and heroes.

Beneath the nave is a Romanesque crypt.

To the right of the entrance a "^Bronze to Peter Kmity (d. 1605) by Peter
Vitcher. To the right in the nave, on the E. side, is a brazen trap-door form-
ing the entrance to a Crtpt constructed by Stanislaus Augustus in 1788, where
Poland's three most illustrious heroes repose: John Sobieski (d. 1696),
Poniatowski (drowned in the Elster near Leipsic in 1813), and Kosciuszko,
who died in exile at Soleure in 1817. A fourth sarcophagus contains the
remains of King Ladislaw IV. and his queen. The sacristan opens the
vault (3040 kr.). — Chapxls: 1st. Near the crypt, recumbent figure in
porphyry of King Casimir Jagiello (d. 1492) , by the eminent Nuremberg
sculptor Veit Stoss^ a native of Cracow (?). Monument of King Ladislaw
Jagiello (d. 1484). Opposite to it the * Monument of Bishop Soltyk
(d. 1788), who, as the relief indicates, was carried to St. Petersburg by
the Russians, on account of his opposition to their measures at the
Polish Diet in 1767. — 2nd. *' ThorvaldserCs Christ imparting a blessing,
a beautiful statue in marble, but unfortunately in a bad light. Busts of
Count Arthur Potocki and his mother, also by Thorvaldten. — *5th chapel
(built by Bart. Fiorentino in 1519-20, and elaborately ornamented by Qiov.
Gini of Siena). Mausoleum of the Sigismunds of the Jagiello family; re-
cumbent figures in red marble of King Sigismund Jagiello (d. 1548) and
Sigismund Augustus (d. 1572). Opposite is * ThorvaldMen^i statue of Count
Wladimir Potocki, who fell at Moscow in 1812. In the choir the tombs
of Bishops Gamrat (1547) and Tomicki (1535) , by Giov. Maria, surnamed
Motea, of Padua, the architect of the bishops^ palace. — 8th. ^Monument of
King John Albert (d. 1501) in red marble; opposite to it the *Monument
of King Casimir the Great (d. 1370), the 'Founder of Cities', as indicated
by his girdle, by Veit Stoss, in red marble under a canopy. — In front
of the high-altar is the engraved bronze of Cardinal Fred, von Pala (d.
1606), with a later 'Belief (1510), an important work by Peter Vitcher, re-
presenting the presentation of the bishop to the Madonna. — 11th chapel,
once connected with the palace, and used by the Polish mpnarchs as an
oratory, with a throne of red marble. Monument of King Stephen Ba-
thori (d. 1586), in red marble. Opposite to it, behind the high-altar,
the monument of King John Sobieski (d. 1696), the conqueror of the
Turks (comp. p. 196), as the reliefs indicate. — The 18th chapel, in

Babdbkbr's S. Germany. 6th Edit. 25

386 Route 72. CRACOW.

the centre of the church, contains a silver sarcophagus, borne by silver
cherubim, in which are preserved the relics of St. Stanislaus, the patron-
saint of the Poles, and Bishop of Cracow, who was slain before the altar
in 1079 by King Boleslaw. — The Tkkasürt, accessible before 10 a. m.
and after 4 p.m. only, contains the jewels and other valuables of the former
kings, rich sacerdotal vestments, and artistically-wrought vessels in gold
and silver.

*St. Mary's (PI. B, 3), another of the 36 churches of Cracow de-
serving of inspection, is a handsome Gothic structure ot the 13th

and 14th centuries.

The huge *High Altar y the master-piece of Veit Stot*^ executed about
1480, is adorned in the middle with a Death of the Virgin (figures over
life-sisie), and on the wings and sides with reliefs from the Life of Christ.
The ori^nal painting and gilding is still in excellent preservation. At the
entrance of the church is the bronze tablet of Pater Salomo (d. 1506) by
Peter Vischer; at the beginning of the choir an altar by Mosca, next which
is a colossal *Crucifix by Veit Stots.

The spacious building opposite, in the centre of the market-place,
is the TnehhaQS (Pi. B, 3 ; Pol. Sukiefmice)^ or cloth-hall, now con-
taining a Picture Oallery, etc. The tower belonged to an earlier
Rathhaus. — The choir of the now entirely modernized Dominiean
Church (PI. B, 4), in the Grodzka-Strasse, contains a ^Bronze
tablet, marking the tomb of the famous scholar Fil. Buonaccorsi,
surnamed Callimachus (d. 1496), the tutor of Sigismund I., prob-
ably by Peter Vischer. — In one of the side-chapels of the Church
of St. Florian (PI. C, 2) is an •Altar to St. John, a very attractive
work by VeitStoss^ dating from the close of his residence in Cracow.

The handsome modern saloons of the University (PI. A, 3),
which was founded by Casimir the Great in 1349, contain the Li-
brary (50,000 vols. ; open daily, 9-1). The old library-hall is adorn-
ed with frescos by the Polish painter Stackowitz. On the ground-floor
is the Archaeological Museum (open daily, 11-1).

The church of St. Anna (PI. A, 3), opposite the university, con-
tains some good mosaics in marble and a monument to Copernicus
d. 1543). A little to the S.E. is the Episcopal Palace (PL A, B,
, 4), erected by Mosca, opposite which is the Church of St. Fraruiis
of Assisi (PI. B, 4), a building of the 13th cent., containing the
monument of King Ladislaus Jagiello (d. 1434). The refectory of
the adjoining Franciscan monastery is now occupied by an Indu-
strial Museum (open daily, 10-1 and 3-5, 20 kr. ; Sun. free).

In the Stephans-Platz stands the Polish Theatre (PI. B, 3). The
Academy of Sciences (PI. B, 3), in the Slawkowskagasse, contains
several collections. — The Florianerthor (PI. B, 2), a large and
singular structure, almost the only relic of the former fortifications,
is situated near the railway-station, in the grounds which surround
the town. — The neighbouring Mnsenm CzartoryBki (PI. B, 2, 3 ;
adm. Tues. andThurs. 10-12) contains a large and varied collection
of objects of art.

Gkound Floob. Sculptures; excellent small antique bronsses; '^Clay-
figures from Tanagra^ golden ornaments; silver mirror-case (Hercules and
Omphale), of the best Greek period ; faience, porcelain (fine service in old

^

WIELICZKA. 72. RouU. 387

Dresden china), and glass (antique Persian lamp, Venetian glass, with
stucco ornamentation). — First Floor. The Librarp contains numerous
excellent miniatures of the French and other schools. In the Picture
OalUry are works by '^Rembrandt (landscape of 1638), B. von Orley (girl),
PA. Wouwermany and Van Dyck (study). Weapons; *Carved ivory; Per-
sian carpets, etc. — The best pictures are in the private apartments (shown
in the absence of the family) : ^'Eaphael^ Portrait of a young man (said to
be himself; unfinished, about 1507); '^Leonardo da Vinci ^ Half-length of a
girl with an ermine in her arms (^(^astitas'); Clouet^ Small portrait.

Countess Potocka^s Qallery^ Blng-Platz (shown only on special
introduction) contains excellent examples of Qiorgione^ Palma
Vecchio, Q» Romano^ Oiov. Bellini, P, Bordone, etc.

The town is surrounded with Suburbs. On the W. is Nowy
Swiat, on the N.W. Picuek, with the old church of the Yi^dtation.
Kleparz , on the N. , outside the Florianerthor , contains the grain
and cattle markets of the town and the new Academy of Art (PI.
B, 2). In Wesoia, on the £., are the hospitals of St. Lazarus and
St. Ludovica, the clinical establishment of the uniyersity , the bo-
.tanic garden, also belonging to the university, the Observatory (PI.
D, 3), and the slaughter-house. To the S.E. is Kasimierz, the Jew-
ish quarter, containing the Pauline convent and the churches of St.
Michael, St. Catharine, Corpus Christi, and the Trinity. The new
Frauz-Josephs-Brucke leads hence across the Vistula to Podg&rzt.
To the left rises the Krakusherg (905 ft.), said by tradition to be the
grave of the mythical dragon-slayer Krakus, the founder of Cracow,
and to have been thrown up by human hands.

The''SoBcia8zkoberg(1090ft.), about 3 M. to the N., is a mound
of earth, 300 ft. in height, thrown up in 1824 by the united efforts
of the entire population of Cracow in honour of the Polish hero
of that name. The summit commands a fine ^Yiew of Cracow and
Podgorze, with the conical Krakusberg ; S. the Carpathians, seldom
free from snow ; W.. the Babiagöra and its neighbours ; then the
Yistula, the course of which may be traced for a long distance ; N.
the handsome marble buildings of the Camaldulensian monastery of
Bielany.

'''Salt Hines of Wieliczka. Railwat via Bierzanöw in 38 min. \ i^vea 69,
51, 27 kr. (pleasanter by carriage, see p. 384). Visitors are admitted on
Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays from 2-3 p.m. only. Tickets of ad-
mission are obtained at the office. The charge fixed by tariff varies ac-
cording to the illumination desired; a single traveller pays 2 fl. for adm.
and 10 kr. for each room lit by Bengal lights. Visitors don mining attire
(10 kr.) and set out accompanied by an attendant. The inspection of the
mines occupies 2 hrs. For the use of the lift in quitting the mine 30 kr.
per head is demanded. Specimens of the rock-salt, from 10 kr. each, are
offered to visitors on quitting the mine.

The greatest depth of these mines is 735 ft. They consist of seven
different levels or stories, one above the other , and yield about 30-40,(X)0
tons of salt annually. Length of the mines, from E. to W., nearly 2 M. ;
breadth , from N. to S. , 1040 yds. Upwards of 1000 workmen are
employed. The different stories are connected by a labyrinth of passages
and flights of steps, and occasionally by lofty bridges, the aggregate
length of which is computed at 380 M. Several of the 16 ponds which
the mines contain are traversed by boats. Many of the disused chambers,
70 of which are of spacious dimensions , are employed as magazines.

25*

388 Route 73. BOCHNIA. From Cracow

Sererftl of them are architecturally decorated, containing candelabra, Ac.
hewn in rock-salt, which, when properly illiuninated , present a beautifiil
and impressiTe sight. There are also two chapels, with altars, statues,
and other ornaments formed of the natural rock. In the larger of these
mass is celebrated annually on 3rd July, after which a banquet is given.
The chapels were partly destroyed by the inundation of 1868. Some of
these subterranean saloons are 80-100 ft. in height. The salt of Wieliczka
is remarkable for its purity and solid consistency.

The Titra Kta. are most conveniently visited from the S., from the
Kaschau and Oderberg Railway (comp. p. 879). The best starting-point
for the N. side of the mountains is ^eumarkt, 11 M. to the S.E. of Cha-
hötcMa; comp. p. 384.

73. From Cracow to Lemberg and Czemowits.

Railway to Lemberg, 212 M., in 8-12 hrs. ; from Lemberg to Gzemowitz,
160 M., in 6V«-13 hrs.

Cracow, see p. 384. The train crosses the Vistula <, and passes
Podgörze (p. 387) and the Krakusbtrg on the right. 5V2 ^- ^i^r-
ianöWj where a branch-line diverges to Wieliczka (p. 387). 12 M.
Podifie; 18 M. KiaJ. 231/2 M. Boohnia (RaU. Restaurant), a town
with 8190 inhab. and extensive salt-mines , which are connected
with those of Wieliczka (p. 387). 31 V2 M. 8iotwina; 38 M.
Biadolir^y ; 43V2 M. Bogumiiowice. 48V2 M. Tani6w (Hotel Kra-
kau; Rail, Restaurant), the chief town of a district , with 24,626
inhab., and the Junction of the line to OrUS and Eperies (see p. 370),
is situated on the Dunajee, near its confluence with the Biala. The
cathedral contains some interesting monuments of the Ostrogski and
Tamowski families.

57 M. Waiki; 61 V2 M. Czama; 69 M. Dembica (Rail. Restau-
rant), with a chateau of Prince Radziwili ; 77 M. Ropexyee ; 82 M.
Sfdtiszöw; 89 M. Trzeiana,' 98 M. Rtestöw (Rail. Restaurant) , a
town with an old chateau and 12,779 inhab. — 108 M. iMncüt,
with the ch&teau and park of Count Potocki and 3500 inhab., half
of whom are Jews. 114 M. Rogöino; 121 M. Prteworsk, with a
chateau and park of Prince Lubomirski. — 130 M. Jarosi<iu (Ad-
ler), with 12,422 inhab. (8000 Jews), lies on the San, an affluent
of the Vistula, the left bank of which the train now follows.

139 M. Radymno ; 148 M. Zurawica. 152 M. Pnemysl (Drei

Kr(men, at the station ; Rail. Restaurant), an ancient town on the

San, with 9250 inhab., the seat of a Roman Catholic and a Greek

bishop. It contains six churches and carries on a brisk trade. A

neighbouring hill is crowned by the ruins of a castle said to have

been built by Casimir the Great.

Fbom Pbzkhtsl to Stanislad, 160 H., railway in 12-14 hrs. — 21 M.
Chyrow (Rail. Restaurant), the junction of the Carpathian railway to Lt-
gennyt-Mihälyi (p. 371) via Mezö-Laborez and Bomonna. — 40 M. Sambor,
the chief town of a district, on the Dniester, with 13,586 inhabitants.
From (67 H.) DrohoUcz a branch-line diverges to Boryslaw. In the vicinity
are the baths of Truskowiee, with saline and sulphur springs. At (84 M.)
StryJ, a branch diverges to Lemberg (see p. 389). — 128 M. Kalntx, 160 M.
Stanislau (p. 390).

to Czemowiiz. LEMBERG. 73. Route. 389

The villages of the Rusniacs (Ruthenlans, or Russinians), a
Slavonic race who inhabit this district of Galicia, are miserably poor
and squalid. 159 M. Medyka; 169 M. Moiciska; 180 M. Sadowa-
WiazrUa ; 192 M. Orödek, a town with 10, 116 inhab., lying between
two lakes ; 202 M. Mszana.

212 m. Lemberg. — Hotels. Hotsl Gbobge; Hotsl Lano; Hot.
d''Angletxbbb ; Hot. de l''Edbope; Hotel de Vabsovie. — *Re*taurant
Stadtmüller f by the Dominican church; Theatre Cafi^ Ferdinands-Platz,
frequented chiefly by Poles-, Vienna Gafi^ Heilige-Geist-Platz ; Oerman
CeuinOy Heilige-Geist-Plats, strangers admitted.

Lembergj Polish Lwöw, French Liopol, the capital of Galicia,
with 109,746 inhab. (upwards of 20,000 Jews) , is the seat of a
Roman Catholic , an Armenian , and a United Greek archbishop.
There are fourteen Roman Catholic churches, a Greek, an Armen-
ian, and a Protestant church, two synagogues, and several Roman
Catholic and Greek convents. The town itself is insignificant, the
finest buildings being in the four suburbs. The Rathhaus, with its
lofty tower (260 ft. high), built in 1829, stands in the ring, or
market-place, which is embellished with four handsome monumen-
tal fountains. The Roman Catholic Caihedral has a late-Gothic
interior, adorned with good frescoes. The Greek Caihedral, in the
basilica style, stands on a hill commanding the town at the end of
the Jesuiten -Strasse. The Dominican Church contains the mon-
ument of a Countess Dunin-Borkowska by Thorvaldsen. ,

The Polytechnic In$titution, a handsome building in the Georgs-
Platz, completed in 1877, contains a large laboratory and is other-
wise admirably equipped. The Industrial Museum, in the Schützen-
Strasse, deserves a visit. The Hospital and the Lunatic Aaylum>
are also large and well-managed institutions. — The performances
at the Theatre, which is closed in summer, consist mainly of operas
and Polish plays ; in the former the solos are generally sung in
Italian, the chorus in Polish.

The university, which was founded in 1847 by Emp. Joseph II.,
removed to Cracow in 1805, and re-opened as an independent in-
stitution in 1816, is attended by about 1000 students. After the
bombardment of the town in 1848, during which the university
building was burned down, it was removed to its present quarters
in the old Jesuit convent in the Akademie-Strasse. The Natural
History Collections and the Library were almost entirely destroyed,
but have now regained their former extent; the latter contains
60,000 volumes. Near the University are the Botanic Garden and
the School of Forestry, containing some interesting collections.

Ossolii^ieCs National Institute, in the Ossolinskigasse, contains

collections relating chiefly to the literature and history of Poland,

including portraits, antiquities, coins, and a library of 120,000 vol. ;

it has a printing-office of its own. — The Dziedusxycki Museum

of the antiquities and products of Galicia is always open to visitors.

Fbom Lbmbero to Odessa, 458 H., railway in 27 hrs. — 31 M. Krasnef

the junction of the railway to Brody, Radziwilöw (Bussian frontier-station),

390 BouU 73. CZERNOWITZ. From Cracow

and Kiev. — 87 M. Tamopol^ with 25,819 iafaab. ; 120 H. Podwoloesy$ha^ the
last etation in Austria, opposite which, on the left bank of the Podhoree^
is Woloczysk^ the first Russian station. Thence by ßhmerinka, Birsula^ and
Rcudelnaja to (4ÖS M.) Odessa.

Railway from Lbmbeko to Gzbbnowitz. The line at first
traverses a monotonous plain, dotted with miserable Ruthenian vll'
Isf^es. 7 M. 8iechöw. Near (15Y2 M.) StaresMo , on the right, is
a half-ruined castle of Count Potoclti, erected in the middle ages
as a protection against the Tartars. 27 M. Wybranöwka ; 40 M.
Chodoröwy almost entirely inhabited by Jews; 54^/2 M. Buka"
czowee; 62 M. Bursziyn, with a chlteau of Prince Jablonowski.
69 V2 M. Halicz; the town, formerly the capital of the principality
of Halitsch and Incorporated with Poland in 1387, is prettily situated
on the right bank of the Dniester, 21/2 M. to the W., and Is com-
manded by a ruined castle.

The long range of the Carpathians now become visible in the
distance, to the right. The train crosses the Dniester and -near
(78 M.) Jezupol approaches the Bystrica,

87 M. Btanislan ('Drei Kronen; *R(zil. Restaurant), a flourish-
ing commercial town with 18,626 Inhab., the junction of the line
to Ohyrow and Przemysl (p. 388). It was almost wholly de-
stroyed by Are in 1868, hut has since been rebuilt in a regular and
handsome manner.

101 M. Ottynia; 112 M. Korssöw. The Osema-Hora (4585 ft.)
and other summits of the Carpathians are now prominent on the
right. — 121 Y2M. Kotomea (Bail. Restaurant), a town on the Pruth,
with 23, 100 Inhab.; to the right, near the railway, is the pleasant-
looking German suburb, with a Protestant church.

Beyond (13372^0 Zahiot&w the train crosses to the right bank
of the Pruth , and near (143 M.) Snyatin it recrosses to the left ;
the town of Snyatin lies 3 M. to the E. IÖO M. Nepoiokoutz ;
156 M. iM&an. As we approach (164 M.) Sadagöra we obtain a
fine view to the right of the town of Czernowitz, commandingly
situated on a hill. The train then crosses the Pruth.

165 m. CKemOWitz. — Hotels. *ADtEB, Ring-Platz; ** Kronprinz
voir (Ebtbrrkich, GroXtDNSs Lamm, both in the Siebenbüi^ergasse; Hotkl
Wkiss, high charges; Hotel de Moldayie, Lembergergasse. — Hotki.
DE Paris, at the corner of the Lembergergasse and Ring-Platz j Goldne
BiKNE, Siebenbiit^ergasse, these two of the third class.

Beatauranta. At the three first-named hotels; Maier, next door to
the Adler; in the MvsiJkvereinsgebäude^ Mehl-Platz ; wine-rooms of Ste/a-
nowiiz, Tdbakae, and Paczenski, in the Ring-Platz (good Moldavian wine
and cold viands). — Oafis. Wikkens, Herrngasse; C. Wien, Lemberger-
gasse; Aufmesser, Herrngasse; Bass (also restaurant), ZakretDsH, Sieben-
biirg^rgasse; Ca/d du ThiAtre, by the Hotel de Moldavie; Tesarz (con-
fectioner), Ring-Platz.

Baths. Warm and vapour baths at the Sophienbad, Russische Qasse,
and at the Türkenbad, by the Türkenbrunnen. The Toum Baths in the
Volksgarten are open in summer only. River Baths in the Pruth, by the
bridge.

Czernowitz, the capital of the Bvkowina, is situated on a rising

''round on the right bank of the Pruth, which is here crossed by

to Czemowitz, CZERNOWITZ. 73. RouU. 391

two bridges. Including the extensive subnibs the town contains
45,600 inhab.) of whom 12-14,000 are Jews. It is the seat of the
governor of the Bukowina , of an Oriental Greek archbishop and
consistory, of the provincial courts, and of a university (see below).

The most conspicuous building in the town , which is entirely
of modern origin , is the ArehiepiseopcA Palace^ an imposing brick
edifice in the Byzantine style , erected by Hlawka in 1864-7Ö and
situated on an eminence at the end of the Bischofsgasse. The
magnificently-decorated *Reception Hall is worthy of a visit (apply
to the castellan); the tower commands a fine view of the town and
environs.

The largest church in Czemowitz is the Oriental Ortek Cathe-
dral in the Franz- Joseph-Platz, erected in 1864 in imitation of the
church of St. Isaac at St. Petersburg. The elegant Armeniar^ Church,
in a mixed Gothic and Renaissance style, was consecrated in 1875.
The Roman CathoUe Parish Church, the Greek Catholic Church, the
Ptoteatant Church, and the new Oriental Greek Paraseeva Church
are uninteresting. The * Jewish Temple, a handsome edifice in the
Moorish style, was completed in 1877 from the plans of Zacharie-
wicz ; the interior is adorned with rich but chaste elegance.

The University, founded in 1870, is attended by about 250 stu-
dents. The lectures are delivered partly in the Pädagogium in the
Bischofsgasse, and partly in the clergy-house adjoining the palace ;
the latter also contains the natural history and other academical
collections.

The Austria Monument in the Austria-Platz was executed by
Pekary and erected In 1875*to commemorate the centenary of Au-
stria's possession of the country ; it consists of a colossal marble
figure of Austria on a pedestal of green Carpathian sandstone,
adorned with bronze reliefs and inscriptions. — The new Theatre,
in the Schulgasse, is tastefully fitted up (shut in summer).

At the S. end of the town li6s the VoUcsgarten (with a railway-
station), a favourite resort with shady walks, containing the
Schützerihaus (Restaurant) , the Public Baths , and the Botanical
Garden (to the S.W.). Pleasant walks may be taken to the Banaid
Grove on the Bisehofsberg, which affords a good view of the town,
and to the (2^4 M.) wood of Horeesa , near the interesting old
church of which a fine survey of the valley of the Pruth is enjoyed.

Fbom Gzbbmowitz to Buchabbst, 410 M., express train in 16 hn. —
At (56 M.) BttczatDthlizkany, the Austrian frontier-station, luggage is exam-
ined by the custom-house officials and a considerable detention usually
takes place (Buffet). The train now runs near the Szeret, the principal
river of Moldavia. From (67 H.) Verstti« a branch-line diverges to Bote*
sani. — 96 M. Pascani* the junction of the railway to Jcuty., Kishenev,
and Odessa (see p. 389). — 120 M. Roman; 148 H. Bakeu; 200 M. Mara-
sesei, where branch>lines diverge via Teeueiu to Berlad and to Qalatz;
212 M. Fo$ean%; 266 M. Buceu (branch-line to Braila and Gataizy^ 373 M.
Ploesci (p. 408). 410 M. Bucharest, see p. 409.

TRANSYLVANIA.

T&ANSYLTANIA, Called Erddly-Ofszag by the Magyars, and Ar-
dealu by the Rumanians fbotb meaning 'forest-land'), is a moun-
tainous district of about il,000 sq. M. in extent, lying between
Hungary on the W. and Rumania on the E. Its German name of
Siebenbürgen has been yariously derived from the first seven
^burgs', or fortresses, built by the German colonists, from the seven
once fortified towns of Heimannstadt , Klausenburg, Kronstadt,
Bistritz , Mediasch , Mühlenbach , and Schässburg , or lastly, and
most probably, from the Zibin MU, and the Rivef Zibin on its S.
frontier. Hermannstadt, which lies on the Zibin, is still named
Nagy Szeben by the Hungarians, and Sibiu by the Rumanians.

History. At the beginning of the Christian era the district
now known as Transylvania formed part of the kingdom of Daeia,
and in 107 A.D., on the subjugation by Trajan of Deoebalus, the
last Dacian sovereign , it was incorpcHrated in the Roman province
of the same name. It remained under Roman sway till .274 A. D.,
when the Emperor Aurelian withdrew his troops and the flower
of the Roman colonists across the Danube, before the Gothic hordes
from the N., which now poured into the country. From this date
down to the beginning of the 12th cent. Transylvania formed the
great theatre of battles between the Ostrogoths, Huns, Longobards,
Bulgarians, Magyars, Kumans, and other Eastern races which
kept pressing on towards Western Europe. During the reign of
Ladislaua I. , King of Hungary (1078-95), who conquered the Ku-
mans, Transylvania was united to Hungary, and began for the
first time to enjoy the blessings of peace and order. Qeisa JI.
(1141-61), who distinctly perceived the importance of Tran-
sylvania as the key of Hungary on the E., summoned German
colonists to re-people and cultivate the desolated territory ('de-
sertnm') and to protect the empire ('ad retinendam coronam').
These immigrants , chiefly dwellers on the Middle Rhine (Fran-
conians) , were collectively known as Saxons , and they settled
in the ^Land unter dem Wdlde\ or district below the forest
(Broos, Mühlenbach, and Reussmarkt), in the AUland (Her-
mannstadt, Leschkirch, Gross-Schenk, Reps), and in the Wein-
land (Mediasch and Schassburgj, where they built towns and
tilled the soil. Andreas /. (1204-35) made over the Burzenland
(seep. 401) to the Teutonic Order, which had been founded shortly

TRANSYLVANIA. 393

before (in 1191), but had to recall this privilege and expel the
knights of the Order in 1225, on their attempt to lay the conquered
country at the feet of Pope Honorius III. as the property of the
apostolic see. The same monarch, however, granted a charter (the
* Golden Ball') to the other German settlers, on which the rights
and privileges of the Germans in Transylvania have rested for cen-
turies, and which was solemnly confirmed by several of his suc-
cessors. During the following centuries Transylvania shared the for-
tunes of the kingdom ot Hungary. Swarms of Mongolians (from 1241
onwards) and Turks (from 1420) Invaded and ravaged the country,
not, however, without meeting a heroic resistance (as trom Hunyady
Janosy d. 1456), and compelled the three privileged ^Nations' of
Transylvania, the Hungarians, Szeklers, and Germans, to form in
1437 a 'fraternal union' for mutual protection. After Lewis II. of
Hungary had lost his life and crown, and Hungary her independence,
at the battle of MoJidcs in 1526, the victorious Turks made Transyl-
vania an independent principality under Turkish protection, and
it was thenceforth governed by princes elected by the people and
approved Vy the Sultan. Of these the most eminent was Bethlen
Gabor (Gabriel), who reigned from 1613 to 1629. The fluctuating
policy of Turkey and of Austria, which possessed a hereditary claim
to Transylvania, involved the country in numerous conflicts, but the
Turks were at length decisively defeated at Vienna in 1683 , and
after the Peace of Karlowitz in 1699 they abandoned their claim to
the principality. On 4th Dec, 1691, Emp. Leopold I., by the 'Leo-
poldine Diploma', ratified the public and private laws of Transyl-
vania , guaranteed religious toleration , and annexed the country to
Austria. The population consisted at that period of Germans , who
had been Lutherans since 1540, Hungarians and Szeklers, who had
embraced the Calvinistic doctrines in 1557, and also of Socinians
or Unitarians (a sect established in 1568) and of Roman Catholics.
An insurrection under Francis II. Bakoezy in 1704-10, known as
the 'Kurutzen War', was quelled by the Austrians, and in 1718 the
Turks were again defeated, and compelled by the Peace of Passa-
rovitz to recognise the supremacy of Austria. Since that period
Transylvania, which was erected into a *grand principality' by
Maria Theresa , has shared the fortunes of Austria and Hungary.
The rebellion of Nicolaus Urss (Horjah) in 1784 and the revolution-
ary years 1848 and 1849 were attended by many evils. Since
1868 Transylvania has been in legislative and administrative re-
spects completely incorporated with Hungary.

Inhabitants. The HungarianSy or Magyar conquerors.

The 8ttklers^ who occupy the eastern borders of the country, are
Magyars, who were settled in £. Transylvania in the 11th cent., in
order to act as 'Szekler', or guardians of the frontier. They regard
themselves, however, as descendants of the Huns. The Hungarians
and Szeklers together number about 612,000 souls.

394 TBANSYLVANLA..

The Saxona, aboat 212,000 in nnmber, the deseendants of the
German immigrants invited by Geisa II. (p. 392) from the Middle
Rhine, were at flnt called Tentones, Tentonici Hospites, and Flan-
drenaes, but from 1217 onwards have been known as Saxones
or Saxona (Nieder*Sachaen). The Germans of the Nosner Land
(p. 407) are also ealled Saxons.

These three raees hare from an eariy period shared the goyem-
ment of the country among them, as being, in Tirtue of the rights
of conquest and colonisation, the sole 'privileged nations'. Tran*
syWania, however, is peopled by various other raees. Indeed
the principal part of the population consists of Rumanktna or
WaUaehkms, of whom there are no fewer than 1,152,000. They
regard themselves as the lineal descendants of the Roman colonists,
but are in reality a heterogeneous race, made up of Dacian, Ro-
man , Teutonic , Slavonian , and Bulgarian elements , which was
formerly settled on the Balkans. Driven thence by the Greek
Emperor Isaac Angelus about 1186, they migrated to the left bank
of the Danube, and, after the power of the Kumans had been broken
by the Teutonic Order, crossed the mountains and entered Tran-
sylvania. They named themselves Rumanians as members of the
E. Roman Empire (Rum), and had adopted the Greek form of
Christianity during their long subjection to the Greek emperors.
According to other authorities the Rumanians were settled on the
left bank of the Danube long before the advent of the Magyars, but
were from the very first treated by their conquerors and the foreign
colonists as people possessed of no political rights.

Another element in the population is formed by the Armemansj
4400 in number, who first settled in Transylvania about the year
1660. They are almost entirely confined to the towns of Szamos
Ujvar, Elisabethstadt, and Gyergyö Szt. Miklos. There are about
88,000 Oipsies in Transylvania , where they are heard of as early
as 1417, when they were governed by a Woiwode of their own. At
Haromszek, Torda, Ober-Weissenburg, and Innerszolnok many of
them have become industrious husbandmen. The other races repre-
sented are Jews (26,000), Bulgarians, Cseehs, SlovtAs, Ruikenians^
and Greeks. — The total population is in round numbers 2, 120,000.

Plan of Tout. The most interesting parts of Transylvania are
in the W. and S. The two principal approaches to the country are
afforded by the railway by Qrosswardein and Klausenbwg to Kron-
stadt (for travellers from the Tdtra and Kaschau) and the rail-
way by Arad and Hermannstadt to Kronstadt (for those coming
from Pest"). The return-route may be made by Bucharest, Giurgevo,
and the Danube. The excursions mentioned at pp. 403, 404 are re-
commended to those who are interested intheSzeklers. In districts
to which neither trains nor diligences have as yet penetrated, very
fair carriages may be hired for 6-7 fl. a day. Where the roads are
impracticable for these vehicles, ox-carts and riding-horses are

D^VA. 74. Route, 395

used. The saddles are generally very poor, and require shawls or
rugs to make them comfortable. — Guides are necessary for moun-
tain-excursions, and may be obtained in the neighbouring villages.

Hotels. The hotels in the towns, generally owned by Germans
and Jews, are as a rule comfortable and moderate. The country-inns,
especially in the purely Rumanian districts, are apt to be very
poorly provided with food, so that the traveller should make himself
independent of them by carrying a supply for his own use.

Money is the same as in Austria. At Bucharest and throughout
Rumania French money is used , the francs being called Lti and
the centimes Bani,

Passports are not necessary in Transylvania, but are indispen-
sable for entering Rumania. A visa is not requisite.

Language. The official language is Hungarian, which is also
the popular tongue in the W. part of the country. German is un-
derstood by almost everyone with whom the tourist is likely to come
in contact. At Bucharest the prevailing language is French.

74. From Arad to Hermannstadt.

203 M. nwiyrxY (Ungariiche Staatsbahn) in 13V2-17 hrs. \ fares 19 fl. 20,
13 fl. 30, 9 fl. 60 kr. — From Grosswardein to Klausenburg^ see R. 64 ;
from Klausenburg to Hermannstadt^ see B. 76.

Arad^ see p. 363. The Temesvar line (see p. 363} diverges to
the right as the station is quitted. The Transylvanian railway fol-
lows the Marosthal; on the left rise the vine-clad Arad Mts., with
the ruined casüe and village of Vildgoa (p. 363).

Stations Ologoväiz, Oyorok, Paulis. 22 M. Radna, or Maria"
Radna, with a much-frequented pilgrimage-church with two towers,
containing a wonder-working image of the Virgin. On the oppo-
site bank of the Maros lies Lippa (Jagerhorn ; King of Hungary),
with 6800 inhab., the principal depot of the salt of Transylvania.
On the left stands the ruin of Solymos.

The train follows the right bank of the Maros. Stations Konop,
Berzova, Soborsin, At (64 M.) Zdm it crosses the frontier of
Transylvania. To the right of stat. Ouraszdda, Dobra, with its
ruined castle, is visible in the distance. 771/2 M. Maros lllye, the
birthplace of Bethlen Gabor (1580-1629), prince of Transylvania
(p. 393). Near (84 M.) Branyieska^ with the small chateau of the
Hungarian novelist Nicolaus Jösika (b. 1794), who died in eiLile
at Dresden in 1865, the train crosses to the left bank of the Maros.
On the right is Veezel, with the ruins of a Roman fortress.

92 M. Diva (^Riszko, at the station), a market-town with 3280
Rumanian inhab. , is the seat of the authorities of the district of
Hunyad. About 2 M. to the W. rises a trachyte rock, 610 ft. high,
crowned by a ruined castle, whence a fine view is obtained of the val-
leys of the Csema, the Streif and the Maros, and of the Hatszeg
Mts., of which the Retjezat (8190 ft.) is the most conspicuous.

396 Baute 74. BROOS. From Arad

The Oold Mine* 0/ Nagyag are reached from Deva in 4 hrs. (carriage
to Gsert^s in 2 hrs., 1-1 V2 fl. i thence by ox-cart or on horseback). The
gold is found in the greenstone and trachyte rock, in conjunction with
tellurium. Beautiful view.

The train crosses the Cstfnaha4ih^ affording a yiew of the
Transylvanian Erzgebirge on the left, and reaches (96 M.) Fiski
(Railway EtBiauTani)^ at the conflnenoe of the 8irtl with the
Maros. The bridge over the Strel here was defended against the
Austrians in 1849 by General Bern.

From Piski to Vajda Hdntad, 10 M., railway in 90 min. (90, 60,
50 kr.). AtYajda Hunyad, Oer. Eisenmarkt (Strautt; Kr<me)t which lies
at the confluence of the Csema and Zalasdy is the castle oiHunyculy Janos
(1387-1456), the celebrated conqueror of the Turks. The Gothic structure
to the right of tiie entrance was built by Hunyady himself, the rest by
Matthew Corvinus (1486) and Bethlen G&bor (1619-24). In the neighbour-
hood are the iron-works of Oyaldr^ Telek^ and Oovatdia. A miserable
road leads in 1 hr. from Vs^da Hunyad to KaUxn^ a station on the Pisti
and Petrotteny railway (see below).

Fkom Piski to the Hatszbo Vai^let and to Petrozsekt, 49 M., rail-
way in 43/4 hrs. (fares 4 fl. 70, 3 fl. 30, 2 fl. 40 kr.). —.The line traverses the
valley of the Strel. 9 H. Stat. Zeyk/alva-Kaldn. At the village of Kaldn,
2 M. to the N., are extensive foundries and a small bath-establishment;
Zeykfaiva^ to the S., possesses an ancient church, said to have been built
by the Romans. Stat. Huts. Then (ISVsH.) Yiralja-Hitsseg (Zur Brücke;
Lamm)y where we obtain a fine view of the valley of the HdUzeg.

[The Vallet of the Hatszeo, the chief attraction of which lies in
the peculiar costume and manners of its Rumanian inhabitants, may be
explored hence by carriage in about 8 hours. The route leads by Farka-
din and Demsus to Vdrhely (the Dacian Sarmizegetnsa ^ the Roman Ulpia
Trajana)^ with numerous Roman antiquities, whence we return either
direct, or via Malamvix (whence the ReOezat^ 8190 ft., may be ascended),
Malajesd^ and Szdlcupaiak^ to stat. PiiJ.]

Beyond (271/2 M.) PVIJ the line quits the valley of the Strel and ascends
that of the Banyicza. At stat. Krivddia is a Roman watoh-tower. The
train then proceeds in long windings, passing the village of Meritor far
below in the vallev to the right, to stat. Banyicza^ the culminating
point of the line, 60O ft. above the level of the Maros valley.

49 M. PetroBseny (Prokop; Pidiler)^ a town with 3000 inhab., in a
beautiful valley, is for the present the terminus of the railway, the pro-
longation of which to Rumania is contemplated. The neighbouring valley
of the 8yl contains a large coal-bed, 36 sq. M. in area, and 3-25 ft. in thick-
ness. The Vulcan Pass and the Csetatye Bole, a cavern with an entrance
65 ft. high and 50 ft. wide, are within easy reach of Petrozseny.

108 M. BroOB, Hangar. Szdszv&roa (*H6tel8z^chenyi; National),

with 5450 inhab., chiefly Saxons (see p. 394), lies in the Saxon

^Konigsboden', or royal soil, in the ^Land unter dem Walde'. A walk

may be taken to the top of the Holumbu (1116 ft.), which commands

an extensive view. On the Oyögy, which here empties itself into

the Maros, lie the small baths of Feredo Oyögy, 3 M. to the N.

ExcuBsioNS. To the iron-works of S^eshely^ 1 hr. ; on a spur of
the hills lies an old ruined castle. A pleasant drive may be taken into
the mountains, passing several villages, to (S*/« hrs.) Qredistye (inn kept
by the forester). Thence we may ride in 3 hrs. to the ancient ruins of
a Roman (Dacian) castle.

1 15 V2 M. Sihot lies in the fertile plain called the Brodfeld
(Hungar. Kenyermezö), where Stephan Bathory defeated the Turks
under Ali Beg in 1479. On the left is Uj-Vincz, — 125 M. Al-

to Hermannstadt. KARLSBÜRG. 74, Route. 397

vincz, with the castle in which Cardinal Martinuzzi was assassinat-
ed in lÖÖl. On the opposite bank of the Maros lies Borberek^ cel-
ebrated for its wine. — The train crosses the Maros near Maros
Porto and reaches —

131 M. Xarlsburgy formerly called Weissenburg, Hungar,
Oyula FeMrvdr (* Hotel National, R. 80 kr.-iy2fl-; Europa;
König von Ungarn; Railway Restaurant)^ the Roman Apulum,
containing 7338 Hungarian, Rumanian, and Jewish inhab., and
once the capital of the princes of TransyWania. Numerous Roman
relics haye been found in the yicinity. All that will interest
visitors to the town is comprised within the limits of the Cita-
del. Here rises the *Cathedral of 8t. Michael^ containing the sar-
cophagi of John Hunyady (d. 1456), his son Ladislaus (beheaded
1457), and his brothers. Queen Isabella (d. 1556), and her son
John Sigismund (d. 1571), and also remains of the monument of
Prince George I. Rakoczy (d. 1648). Here also are the Church of the
Jesuits, the resting-place of Christof Bithory (d. 1581), now a
military magazine ; the Academy, built by Bethlen Gabor as a Pro-
testant grammar-school, and now a barrack, where the poet Martin
Opitz was professor of philosophy and belles-lettres in 1622-23 ;
and, lastly, the Battyaneum, founded by Bishop Count Batty ani in

1794, with geological and archaeological collections and a library.
Mtthlbach (Hungar. Szdsz 8ebe»), a Saxon town with 6244 inhab.,
8 M. to the S. of Karlsburg (diligence in i^/t hr., 98 kr.). contains an in-
teresting Protestant church of the loth cent, on an originally Roman foun-
dation. Excellent wine is produced in the neighbourhood.

From Kablsbuko to Abbudbanta in the Tbamstlvanian Ebzoebiroe,
post-omnibus in 9V3 hrs., allowing 21/2 hrs. for the inspection of the mines
at Zalathna. It is, however, better to hire a carriage. The excursion
occupies three days in all, one day being spent at Abrudbänya.

The road traverses the Ompoly Valley and passes the villages of TM-
faht (with the castle of 8zt. Jfihalpkö, situated on a rock, and erected
by Bela IV. in 1268), Preszaka, Petroszdn, and Zalathna (with several
gold-mines *, in the neighbourhood are the gold-mine of Duiribrdra and the
cinnabar-deposits of Baböjä). We next pass a monument commemorating
the construction of the road (1836), and reach the village of Buotum and
the small town of Abrudbinya, with 4200 inhab. (Ruman. and Hungar.).
The road to the famous Oold Mines leads past the base of the Detunaia
Qola^ a basaltic rock 360 ft. in height, crowning a neighbouring hill.
Several of its columns, which rise in a number of different sections, have
been overthrown by lightning, whence the epithet ^detunata^ Beyond it
we come to Cetate Mare and Mihe^ a huge isolated mass of rock, which
has been hollowed out in the form of a crater by Roman miners in their
search for gold. Farther on is Verespatak^ the Roman Albumut Major.
By the brook are seen a number of gold-washers, chiefly gipsies. From
this point we may now return to Abrudbanya.

A good road leads from Abrudbanya, by Topanfalva in the Aranyoi
Valley^ to Lvpta, and through the romantic Borriv Past to Torda (p. Wb).

Beyond Karlsburg the line traverses a small plain , the scene
of the battle of 8st. Imre, where Hunyady Janos routed the Turks
under Mezet Beg in 1442. On the left rise the spurs of the Tran-
sylvanian Erzgebirge ; the tower-shaped peak is named Kecskeko
(Wallachian Piatra Capri, *goat's rock').

398 Route 74. HERMANNSTADT. From Arad

143 M. Tovia (Bailiway Restaurant), Inhere the line anites
with the Hungarian Oovemment Railway (Klaasenhnrg to Kron-
Btadt, R. 76). The trsin turns to the E. and crosses the Maros
near the influx of the Kokel, the valley of which it then follows.
Beyond stat. Kar&esonfalva it crosses the Kleine Kokel to (158 M.)
Blasendorf (Hungar. B€Uäzsfalva')y with ISOO Rumanian inhab., the
hot'bed of the agitation against the Hungarians in 1849. Stations
HoixAaixö (Ger. LangenihaJC), Miketzdaza,

1751/2 M. Klein-Xopiaoh, Hungar. Kia^Kapus (Railway ReHau-
rant), where the hraneh-line to Hermannstadt diverges to the right.
(Route to Kronttadty see p. 400.)

The Railway to Hbbmaknbtai>t turns southwards into the
valley of the Weisabaeh, or Viza. Stations Markt^Sckelken (Hungar.
Nagy Selyk). Ladamos, — 197 M. Balsbnrgy Hungar. FtsoJbna
(Hotel Nendwieh; Froniiujy with salt-mines and ten salt-water
ponds, formed by the falling in of the shafts which had been
driven into the rock-salt. The ^Tököly' is a saline spring used for
bathing ; the water is so saturated with salt that the body does not
sink. Good echo in one of the disused salt-mines.

203 M. Hemannitadt. — Hotels. ^Nxubihrrr; bömischek Kaisbk;
Hbdiascubr HoF and Habbbmanh, unpretending. — Caf^: Möfert; Klam;
Lazar. — Beer: Hermanmgarteny Joaefsgarten ^ Quandt; Novara. — Wine:
Eder; Froniut; Kirehgatter; Pulver. — Baths: FrühbeeVt^ with warm and
vapour baths ; Military Swimming Bath , 10 kr. >, River Baths by the Hei-
denmühle.

HermannsUidtj Hungar. Nagy Szehen^^ Ruman. Sibiu, Latin Ci-
hinium , a royal free town , formerly the capital of Transylvania,
and one of the earliest Saxon colonies (1160), lies upon a hill on
the river Zibin, It is now the capital of the district of the same
name and seat of the Saxon 'Count^ and the National University
(Universitas Nationis). Of its 22, 700 inhab. , two-thirds are Saxons.
The central point of business and traffic is the Grosse Ring (PI. C, 4).

The Protestant Church (PI. 4), built at three different periods
between 1431 and the beginning of the 16th cent., contains a
beautiful cup-shaped font , cast by Meister Leonhardus in 1438.
On the N. wall of the choir is a large mural painting of the Cru-
cifixion, with numerous figures, executed by Johannes of Rosenau
in 1445, and one of the most successful specimens ofTransylvanian
art. In the sacristy are several valuable chalices and ciboria of the
17th cent., and ecclesiastical vestments adorned with gold em-
broidery. The so-called ^NewChurch\ an addition of the 16th cent. ,
contains an interesting Mausoleumj with the tombstones of the old
Saxon counts , burgomasters , etc. — The Sacristan lives at Huet-
platz 19.

The Church of the Ursuline Nuns (PI. 6), the Roman Catholic
Church (PI. 8), and the Chapel by the Elisabeth- Thor y with a huge
crucifix carved from a single block of stone by Landregen of Ra-
tisbon (1417), are destitute of artistic interest.

to HermannstadA ROTHENTHÜBM PASS. 74, Route. 399

The aicMtecture of the Eathhaus (PI. 9), originally the fortified
dwelling of a patrician, or wealthy citizen , exhibits many inter-
esting details. In the court is the Record Office of the ^ Saxon
Nation', above which is a well-arranged armoury. The door leading
(^ the staircase is a handsome piece of 16th cent. work.

The Brukenthal Palace (PI. 1), built by Baron Brukenthal,
governor of Transylvania under Maria Theresa , contains (on the
first floor) the Natural History Collection of the Society of Natural-
ists, with specimens of the entire fauna and flora of Transylvania,
a well-arranged geological cabinet, and a number of objects from
Africa and Japan. In the court are a Library with 40,000 vols, and
500 Incunabula ("Codex Altenberger, richly illuminated missals) ;
a Cabinet of Minerals, with beautiful specimens from the Erzge-
birge ; and an Archaeological Collection^ with numerous Transyl-
vanian coins. On the second floor is a Picture Gallery (cMeüy copies).

The fashionable promenades are the old ramparts (music on Tues.
in summer), and the so-called ^Erlenpark' and ^ Junge Wald'. Walks
may also be taken to (1/2 hr.) Hammersdorf (two Inns) and to the
Q /^hr J) Oregoriwarte J on the Origoriberg (1970ft.). All these points
command fine views of the mountains.

Among the numerous pleasant Excubsions which the environs
afford, the following are the most interesting.

To Hbltau and Michblsbebg (2 hrs. ; carr. 4 fl. ; diligence
daily, 40 kr. each person). — Heltau (Hungar. Nagy Diaznöd,
Ruman. Cisnedia) is a large Saxon village, picturesquely situated
above the Kaltbach j on the N.E. slope of the wooded Götzeriberg
(see below). The church contains a fine cross and monstrance,
masterpieces of the goldsmith's art among the Saxons in the 15th
century. — Michelsberg, Hungar. Kis Diasmöd, Ruman. Cisnidiora
(*Inn), which lies 2 M. to the S.W., is the only one of the Saxon
settlements situated among the mountains. Close to the village
rises a wooded hill with a ruined castle and a tolerably well
preserved Romanesque church.

The Oötzenberg (4190 ft.) , an admirable point of view , may be as-
cended without difficulty from Michaelsberg on foot or on horseback in
272-3 hrs. (at the top a chalet).

To Stolzbnburg (3 hrs.), with the picturesque ruins of an old
castle built by the Saxon peasants; and thence in I1/2 ^r. to the
Mud Volcanoes of Reussen. returning via (1 hr.) Bad Ladamos
(p. 398).

To THB RoTHBNTHUBM PA8s(5hrs. ; carT. 6-8 fl.). The high-road
follows the valley of the Zibin to Schellenberg , where Andreas Bathory
was defeated in 1599 by the Wallachian Woiwode Michael, and to
Talmesh, Hungar. Talmdcs, Above Talmesh is the ruined castle
of Landskron, built in 1370 and razed in 1453 (fine view). The
road then traverses the valley of the Alt or Oltu to Boieza^ where
stands the ^red tower' (6Ö ft. high, 32 ft. in diameter) , which has
given name to the Bothenthurm Pass (1200 ft.), an opening in

400 Route 75. SGHÄSSBURG.

the hilU formed by the action of the Alt. Beyond the pass we

reaeh the Custom House and the Rumanian frontier. (The Surulj

7506 ft., may be ascended from this point.) The diligence rans in

33 hrs. by Rotia, Rimmkj and Kurtea de Argie to Pitesti^ on the

railway to Bucharest (p. 409).

FaoM HXBiCAMiiBTADT BT F00A.RA8 TO Kborstadt, 86 K., diligence in
18 hrs. (8 fl. 40 kr.). The road leads to Sehellenberg and Westen ^ where
it crosses the Zibin^ and then follows the valley of the Alt to OirUau^
Freck^ and (20 M.) Porumbak. On the S. the view is bounded by the lofty
chain of the Fogartu Mt$.^ among which the BwnA f7ö06 ft.), Buditlav
(7940 ft.). Negoi (8320 ft.), and Buteanu (8235 ft.) are conspicuous. To the
left stand the picturesque ruins of the Cistercian abbey of Kerz^ sup-
pressed by Matthew Gorvinus in 1474 on account of the immorality of
the monks. The next places reached are ÄUÖ-Utta and Voila, where a
road diverges on the left to Oro$t-8chenk and Agneihlen (Hungar. Szt.
Agotha). Then (46 H.) Fogaras^ capital of the district of that name, with 53(X)
inhabitants. From (54 M.) aärkäny a road diverges on the left to Reps
(railway-station, p. 401). The Kronstadt road ascends past Persans to the
saddle of the Oeitlerwald (2000 ft.), separating the valley of the Alt from
the plain of Burzen, and then descends by Vlediny to Zeiden^ at the base
of the Zeidnerberg (4246 ft.) , the scene of the bloody contests between
Kronstadt and Prince Qabriel Bäthory in 1612. At Weidenbcush we eigoy
a glimpse of the beautiful Hosenau Valley on the right (p. 402). 85 M.
Kronstadt (see p. 401).

75. From Hermaniuitadt to Kronstadt.

138 H. Railway in 6V3-II hrs. ; fares 13 fl. 20, 9 fl. 20, 6 fl. 50 kr.'
To (28 M.) Klein-Kopiseh (RaiL Restaurant), see R. 74. The
train then follows the yalley of the OrosseKokel to (84 M.) Madias,
Hungar. Szdsz Megyes (8chüt%e ; Traube), a royal free town with
6500 inhah., the central point of the wine-trade of Transylvania,
and the earliest Saxon settlement (1 146) in the yine-growing re-
gion. It possesses a fortified church. About 3 M. to the N.W. lie
the small baths of Baassen, Hung. FelsO'Bajom, or Bdzna; 1^2 ^*
to the E., on the left of the railway, \aDarl6cz, or Durles, the Pro-
testant church of which contains some interesting mural paintings.
41 M. Eezel, Ger. Heizeldorf; 45 M. Elisahethstadt , Hungar.
JEr««^6ctv(Jro« (formerly called Ebesfalva'), a royal free town, seat of
the authorities of the district of Kis-Kukolo , with 2550 inhab. ,

most of whom are Armenians.

About 6 H. to the S.W. lies Birthelm, a wine-producing place with
an imposing chateau and a handsome church. The latter contains a
reredos and choir-stalls executed at the beginning of the 16th cent, and
tombstones of the 17th century.

52 M. Dunesdorf, Hungar. Ddnos, On the left lies Oross-
Alisch, or Nagy Ssötös, where Prince Kemeny fell in 1662 in a
battle with Michael II. Apafl.

58 M. Schäisbnrg) Hungar. Segesvdr (Ooldner 8tem; Zwei
Löwen; Rail. Restaurant), a royal free town and capital of the
district of NagyKukölö, founded by the Saxons in 1198, with
8788 Saxon, Hungarian, and Rumanian inhabitants. A beautiful
view is enjoyed from the Sehulberg, a hill with a small church

A. I B I t

I l.Xxfinn.K.. . . . B.

KRONSTADT. 75. Route, 401

containing a fine *Cib6rium and c&oir-ställs ascribed to the sons of
Teit Stoss of Nuremberg.

At (041/2 M.) mjdsfalva the line quits the Kokel Valley and
turns to the S.£. into the valley of the Erked, Beyond Erkedy a
Saxon settlement, the train penetrates the hill between the valleys
of the Erked and SSrUgshaeh by means of a long tannel. Stations
MMuirg, Kdttendorf» The Homoröd Valley is now followed to
(92 M.) Homoröd; on the right is Reps^ Hung. Kohalom, a Saxon
market-town on ^e KoaderBächj commanded by a picturesque castle
on a basaltic hill, at the base of which lies a small sulphur-bath.

The train enters the valley of the Alt. On the left bank lies
the village of Hivit^ where the Romans had a fortified bridge. On
the opposite bank is 6a2t, a Saxon castle of the 13th century.

Stations AUö-Räkos and (107 M.) Agostonfcdva.

A yisit may be p«id from Agostonfalva to the wild Yargyas Yalley
to the K., wi^ the rocky defile of Kifcsur and the stalactite caverns of
Homoröd Alma» and Köcsur.

The railway and the river both turn to the S. 115 M. Apdeza,
Oei. Oeist; 120 M. Nussdorf; 125 M, Marienburg ^ Hungar. FöldväTy
a Saxon market-town situated on a hill, at the E. end of which

is a ruined castle built by the knights of the Teutonic Order.

The popular baths of Elöpatak lie in an unattractive district, 5 M. to
the N.E. (road by Bidteig and Arapataka; oarr. in iVi hr., 2 fl. ; omn. 1 fl.).

Stat. Brenndorf y Hungar. Botfalu. Then —

138 M. XrOBftadt. — The station is 21/4 M. irom the town. Hotel-
omnibuses meet the trains. Cab into the town 1 fl. — Hotels. Ebonb;
Union; Oruner Badm; Ndmebo Eins; Stadt Bukabest. — Bestanrants.
Hauptquartier VertailleM, Spitalsneugasse, good wine; Rosenkrane^ Pureen-
^asse, good cuisine ; Sehiittenhaut. Cqfi NeurUhrer^ Lower Promenade. —
Oonfocti«ner. Monialdo^ Purzengasse.

Baths. Gold baths at the Bufinvmng-Baths at Blumenau; behind the
Rumanian gymnasium in the upper suburb; Warm baths in the Ross-
markt and at the Hdtel Union.

Kronstadt^ Hungar. Brcasöj Rnman. Braaovy a royal free town
and capital of a district of the same name, with 29,716 inhab., of
whom about 9000 are Saxons, is the most important commercial
and manufacturing town in Transylvania, and lies on the Bursen-
ba^iJi, in a valley entirely shut in by mountains, except where it
openfl on the Burzenland, an extensive plain. The town consists
of four diiferent quarters: 1. The Inner Town, surrounded with
walls , the centre of business ; 2. The Altstadt, or O Brasiöy the
oldest part of the town, founded by the knights of the Teutonic
Order in 1222, the buildings in which, however, *are nearly all
new and insignificant, owing to the repeated destruction it has
sustained; 3. BtwnerhoUy Hungar. Bolonya, the quarter next to
the station, principally inhabited by manufacturers (between Blu-
menau and the Inner Town is a small colony of Oipsiea) ; 4. The
Upper or Rumanian Suburb, resembling a village, chiefly occupied
by Rumanians, and founded in 1392 by the Bulgarian labourers
(hence called also Bolgdrtzeg) who built the *Black Church*.

Babdekeb's S. Germany. 6th Bdit. 26

402 RouU 76. KRONSTADT. Excursions,

In the centre of the principal sqvare in the Inner Town stands
the Rathhaus (PI. 15), built in 1420 (the tower earlier), and
restored in 1770 in the tawdry style of the period. In the same
square, to the S., is the Kaitthaxts (PI. 5), erected in 1545, tke
flrst floor of which is used on market- days hy small dealers
in yarious kinds of wares; on the gronnd>floor are Tanlts and
store-rooms. The P&otbstant Ohü&ch (PI. 8), in the Kirchhof-
platz (PI. B, 3) , popularly called the ^Bladc Chtäreh\ on account
of its walls haying been blackened by fire, is a Gothic edifice
of 1385-1425, witii traces of Romanesque influence. On the
exterior of the choir-wall are statues of the tweWe Apostles,
surrounded with foliage, once gilded, but now perfectly black.
The altar was designed by Bartesch of Kronstadt, and caryed by
Schonthaler of Yienna in 1866; the altar-piece, representing
Christ among the 'weary and heayy-laden', is by Martersteig of
Weimar. The carved choir- stalls and the seats of the guilds,
hung with beautifully embroidered Oriental tapestry, also deserye
attention. Johannes Honterus (1498-1549), the reformer, or
'Apostle' of Kronstadt, is buried in this church. The Sacristy con-
tains finely-worked ecclesiastical yessels and yestments.

The Ghuboh or St. Babtholomsw (PI. 6) , at the end of the
Altstadt, is the oldest church in the town. The Oriental-Greek
Church op St. Nicholas (PI. 10), in the Upper Suburb, ori^nally
built of wood in 1392, was replaced in 1495 by a stone edifice,
which was restored in 1751, with the aid of the Empress Elizabeth
of Russia. To the right of the entrance is a very ancient chapel of
wood, embellished with painting.

Walks. The environs of Kronstadt afford a great variety of
pleasant excursions. To the (10 min.) top of the Schlossherg, the
citadel on which was built by the Austrian general Count Arco
in 1553 as a defence against the Wallachian Woiwode Peter;
fine view. — To the (1 hr.) *Kapellehberg, or Zinne (3153 ft. ;
1276 ft. above the town) , the best point of view in the neigh-
bonrhood, affording a good survey of the town, the Burzenland,
the HaromszA plain and the K£szon Mts. on the N.E., the valley
of the Alt and Marienburg (p. 401) on the N., the Konigsstein and
Zeidnerberg on the S.W., and the Csukasberg on the S.E. — To
the (3/4 hr.) Salomonsfelsin, or Solomon's Bock, with the cascades
of the Teufelshach^ and caverns in which the Hungarian King So«-
lomofi (d. 1087) is said to have lived as a hermit.

LoNGBB ExouBsioNs. 1. By the Saxon Neustadt (Hungar. JT«-
resztengfalva) to (2 hrs.) ^Sosenaii, with its castle, and to the
(2 hrs.) fortress and pass of *TörAnrg. On this exciursion a visit
may be paid to the Kalibas, a Rumanian race of gipsy hlood, liv-
ing in miserable hovels in the straggling villages of PredjiU, 8x0-
hodol^ and Poarta, From Torzbnrg the Buesecs (8264 ft.) and the
Konigsstein^ Hungar. Kiräly^kö (7360 ft.), may be ascended by

Excursions, KRONSTADT. 75. Route. 403

steady-headed mountaineers (fatigaing but interesting). The route
to the top of the former passes the rock-monastery of Skitta-Jalo-
miezay while the Konigsstein is ascended via Tohan and Zemyest,
-where the Austrian general Heissler was defeated by Emerich To-
koly in 1690.

2. To the TdmSt Pass (p. 408), turning to the right on the
way back at BtUshendorf, and passing through the Siebenddrfer
('seyen Tillages') inhabited by Hungarians and Wallachians, who
were posted here to guard the frontier-passes. The sixth Tillage is
the watering-place of Zajzon, Hence back to Kronstadt Tia Tarilauj
with an interesting church and Saxon castle.

Those who wish to become acquainted with the land of the Sseklen
(p. 393), and visit the principal baths of a region remarkable for its
numerous mineral springs, are recommended to choose the following routes.

1. Fbom Kronstadt bt Sbpsi Szent Gtöbgt to EAzdi Vasabhelt
AND TusnJLd (diligence to K6zäi Väsirhely in 8Vs brs., 5 fl. 4 kr.). The
road leads through the plain of Burzen, passing Eonigbevg^ Hungar. Szdsz
Hermdny^ and Illyefalva^ to (21 M.) 8ep»i Stent Qyörgy^ on the Alt^ capital
of the Szekler district of Haromsz^k, with Ö268 Szekler inhabitants. Here
the road turns to the E. into the valley of the FehßU Ügy, 43Vs M.
Xixdi V^sirhely, a royal free town with 51^ Szekler inhab., almost all
of the Reformed faith.

ExGDBsiONS from Visarhely. By Imeafalva and Zabola to the baths
of Kovdnna (3600 inhab.), 7 H. to the S.E., the waters of which, called
PoköUdr^ are of an ash-gray hue and strongly impregnated with car-
bonic acid. One of the modes in which they are used is the ^OözliT^ or
vapour-bath formed by the exhalation in the cellars of the houses. On
the neighbouring Kopßtherg are some iron-works.

By Oroszfalu^ Bzdsz/alu, Nynjtddy Lemhiny^ and Bereczk to the OJtosz
Pcui (1922 ft.), noted for its defence by the Hönveds against the Russian
invaders in 1849.

To the Baths of Kaszon^ at the foot of the Kdszon Mt$.^ 3 M. to the N.

To Tusndd (see below) by the road via 8zt, Ldlek and Rdszon UJ/alu
(18 M.)* It may also be reached by a rough footpath crossing the volcanic
BüdöAerg^ on which are some mineral springs and a cavern filled to a
height of 1 ft. above the floor with carbonic acid gas mixed with a small
percentage of hydrosulphuric acid gas (used as a vapour-bath). Hence to
Tusnid, either direct by Bäkszäd, or with a detour to the Szent Anna Lake
and the CsomaU>ery.

2. Fbom Kbonstadt to thb Baths of BobszAk, through the Upper
Valley of the Alt and the Oyergö Plain^ and back by Szikely Udvarhely to
SchäsOmrg (to Borsz^k about 105 M., a drive of 2-2Vs days).

The road ascends the valley of the Alt from Si^si Szent Oyörgy (see
above) to Bodoky with its mineral springs, the baths of Mdlnaz^ and Bük-
8zdd. It then leads through the narrow defile of the Tusnddi Szoros^ or
Tumdd PazSy to the favourite baths of Ttundd^ romantically situated about
45 M. from Kronstadt. We next traverse the district of Csik^ passing its
capital Ceik Szereda^ at the base of the Bargita (5712 ft.), and reach Caik
Szent Domokos. (At Balanbanya^ near the source of the Alt, 9 U. to the N.,
are some iron and copper-works.) The road quits the valley of the Alt
at this point, crosses the 1). spur of the Hargita Mts., the watershed be-
tween the Alt and the Maros, and leads over the high-lying Plot» cf
Oyergyö ,* by Vaslab and Tekeröpatak , . to Qjergj6 Szent Xiklöa , a town
with 5600 -inhab. , mostly Armenians. Farther on is Szdrhegy, with
a Franciscan monastery and a ch&teau belonging to Count Lasar, in which
Prince Bethlen Gabor spent his youth, the latter destroyed during the
Kurutz war, or Rakoczy rebellion, in 1705. Beyond Szärhegy the road
leads by Bitro, the hill of TUahnas. and a depression in the K9zr4*z
(2134 ft.), to -

26*

404 Route 76. KLAUSENBURG.

The BAtkft pt Bornik (good boieb), the most popular watei^g-place
in Transylvania. The chief spring , called the Fokui^ yields the Borsz^k
Water, well known in Germany, which has a , pleasant acidulous and
somewhat pungent flaTOur. The Lobogö Springs (0 and UJ Lobogö) are
sttongly impregnated with carbonic acid gas. — We now return to Gyer^
gyö Szent Miklös, where we may turn to the S.W. and proceed by Qyer-
gy6 AJ/alu and Csoma Falva to Parojd (see below) and Szikely Udvar-
help. It is better, however, to return to CiÜt Rzertda (see p. 403), and
thence fa^e the diligence (service to Schässburg, p. 400, for three per-
sons, in 12 hrs. \ fare 7 fl. 20 kr.) by Oldhfalu^ the baths of Homorödf where
the unitarians or Socinians of the surrounding region celebrate the 16th
Aug. as an annual festival, the Czekend (which commands an imposing
view of the mawive Sargita JTto.X Mär4fiUvay Ftttffid^ and B^tMenftUoa to —

Bsekely Udvarhely, in the valley of the Or0»»e Kokely seat of the
authorities of the district of TJdvarhely, with 5000 inhab., chiefly Szeklera.
Attila is said to have once held his court here (Vdvarhely meaning the
site of a court), and during past centuries it has several times been the
scene of great national assemblies. -

A digression may be made hence to the imposing Salt Rocks of Pa-
BAJD. The route leads by the Minorite monastery of Aresa^ and past
the Rakodohegy^ a party-coloured hill formed by the limestone deposits of
a spring which rises on its summit, to the village of Sö/alva (about 6 hrs.
from Udvarhely) and to (1 hr.) Parajd.

Beyond Szikely Udvarhely the road follows the valley of the Cfrosse
Kokely passing Bikß/alva., BögöZy Oakmb/alva^ Betfalva^ and Szikely or
Szitds Keresztur (so named from its manufacture of sieves, *szitas' mean-
ing 'sieve-maker'), to (18 M.) UJ Szikely^ where it crosses the Kokel and
quits the territory of the Szeklers. The road crosses the railway at H4-
Jas/alva^ and ttien leads by FegSregyhaza , with the chateau of Count
Haller, to (12 H.) Bch&Mhnrg (p. 400).

76. From Klansenborg to Hermannstadt and

Kronstadt.

Bailwat (ffungariem E. Railway) to H^rtnanattadt^ 123 M., in 5^/«-
83/4 hrs. \ to Kromtadt^ 208 H., in 8-12Va hrs.

KlftUMnburg y Hungar. Kolozsvär (Hotel National; Europa;
Pannonia ; König Matthias ;. Biasini ; Bail. Bestaur.), a town with
29,923 inhab. , situated on the Kleine SzamoSy was founded by the
Saxons In 1178 and is the seat of the authorities of the district
of Kolozs, of a Reformed and a Unitarian superintendent, and of
a Magyar university (established in 1872). Being the head-
quarters of the numerous noblesse of Transylvania, the town
is Tery animated in winter. On the right bank of the Szamos lies
the principal part of the town, with its five suburbs, now united
with It , as the walls once enclosing the inner quarter have been
removed. On the left bank is the ^Bridge 8uburb\ with the Citadel,
which was erected by General Steinville in 1715. The slope of the
citadel-hill is studded with gipsies' huts. The oldest part of the
town is theN.W. corner, called Ovar, i.e. *old castle', huilt by the
Saxons. The Saxons of Klausenhurg, however, having adopted
the Socinian form of belief, and so separated themselves ftom their
compatriots, have long since become completely identified with the
Hungarian population. Ovar contains the houses In which King

KOCSÄRD. 76. Route. 405

Matthew Gorvinus (b. 1443) and Prince Bocskai weie born. In the
principal Platz is the Boman Catholic Cathedral of St. Michael^
begun by King Sigismund in 1414. At the S.E. corner of the
town is the Reformed Church, built by Matthew Gorvinus in 1486,
and ceded to the Calvinists by Bethlen Gabor in 1622. In the W.
auburb is the Botanic Garden, presented to the town by Count
Miko, in which is a villa in the Italian style, containing the Na-
tional Museum of Roman and other antiquities. Near the Museum is
the village of Kolozs Monostor, with the ruins of an old monastery.
The railway xuAP to the E. through the wide and monotonous
valley of the Szamos, passing (71/2 M.) Apahida (to Bistritz, see
p. 406), and then diverges from it to the right. Beyond (10 Y2 M.)
Koloz8-Kara the line traverses a wooded and hilly district. Near
{32 M.) Oyeres we cross the auriferous Aranyoa, on the left bank

of which lies the village of Egerbegy^ Qer. Erlendorf,

Branch Railway from Gy^res toTord», Ger. Thorenburg (Krone), capital
of the district of Torda-Aränyo, situated 5 M. to the W., at thel^.W. end
of the Kreuzfeld, or Keresztes Mezö^ and built on the ruins of the Roman
Potaiisa. Of Its 9434 Hungarian inhab. , the greater number profess the
Unitarian form of belief. Diets have been held at Torda on several diffe«
rent occasions, at one of which, held in 1544, the autonomy of Transylvania
was declared, while univen»al religious liberty was proclaimed at another,
three years later. There are extensive salt-mines in the vicinity. — About
3 M. distant is the Tordai Hasadik, a defile eroded by the Peterd torrent,
V« M. long and 25-65 ft. wide, the rocky sides of which are honey-combed
with caverns.

From Torda a road, traversing several romanti« gorges, leads to To-
roezko, an insignificant town with iron-works, inhabited by a peculiar and
flne-looking race of Szeklers (Unitarians), and thence to the village of
Qyeriy&moM, celebrated for the beauty of its women, and to the railway-
station of Nagy Ehm^d (see below).

48 M. Koetdrd (Railway Restaurant), situated at the inflnx of

the Aranyos into the Maros.

Fboh Eqcsabd to Ssasz-Eboen, 57Vs M., railway in 5 hrs. The train
runs through the fertile valley of the Maros, passing stations Maros-Ludas^
Ctapö-Radnöth, and NyarädtÖ, to (37 M.) Haros V&s&rhely, Ger. N eumarkt
(H6UI fransyHania; Senne; iTron«), capital of the district of Torda-Maros,
with 13,883 Szekler inhab.^ one-half of whom belong to the Reformed
church. The busiest part of the town is the Stadtplatz, with the adjacent
Sz4c7Unyi and Teleki Promenades. The Protestant College possesses a valuable
Library^ but the TeleJbi Library^ containing the Vdaarhely Codex and a
xnanusorlpt of Tacitus from the Bibliotheca Gorvina, is more interesting.
On the Postwiese stands a monument erected to the memory of Török,
Galfy, and Horvath, three Szeklers who were executed here in 1854 on
suspicion of conspiring against the Austrian dynasty. — 47 M. Sdromberke
<with a chiteau belonging to Count Tjoleki) ; 49 M. €9mvMzfg. — 571/2 M.
Bxatx-Begen, Ger. Sächsisch-Regen, a royal free town with 5655 inhab.
In the neighbourhood are the saline baths of Söakna, or Zsabenicza, situ-
ated at the entrance to the picturesque valley of the Gorgeny.

FnoK SzASZ-BsctKir 70 Bibtbitz (diligence to Stere^alva in 6^/4 ^ri.).
The route passes Oldh Uj'/alu, Teke (Ger. Teckendarf)^ Nagy Jda^ Dürr-
tach (Saxon), Oalatz, Itönchsdorf, Szeretfalva. on the Saj6 (on the hill to
the right the rain of Stent Laszlövdra), and Heidendorf, celebrated for
its wine, and finally veacbas Biaferits (p. 407).

Near stat. Maros ÜJvär, on the left bank of the MaroB, stands
the Gothic chateau of Countes» Mik6. In the neighbouxhood are

406 BouU 77. SZAMOSUJFYAK. From Klausenburg

extensive salt-works, a yisit to which is extremely interesting and
readily permitted on previous application. The salt-beds here
were known to the Bomang, but were afterwards forgotten and not
re-discovered till 1791.

46V2 M. Felvinez. At the base of the hills, to the right, near
(55 M. j Nagy Enyed^ lies Miritxlö^ which produces excellent wine.

63 M. Tovis (Railway BeMtaurant). From Tovis to Hermann-
atadt, see p. 398 ; to Kronttadt, see p. 400.

77. From Klaii8enbiix|; to Bistrits.

741/s H. Railway in 7 hn.

Klausenburg, see p. 404. The train follows the course of the
Little Szamos, running at first on the rails of the Klausenburg and
Kronstadt route (R. 76). — 8 M. Apahida (State Railway-station}.
The State Railway turns to the S., while our line continues to
follow the Szamos to the N. — 8Y2 ^* Aptthtda, a Rumanian
village with about 1000 inhab.

The railway now crosses the river and skirts the left bank,
between low ranges of barren hills, dotted here and there with
villages. — 18 M. Välasül^Boncthida; then, to left of the rail-
way, Keudi'L6na^ all with chateaux and parks. — Beyond (221/2^0
Nagy-Jklod, and Dengeleg^ we recross the Szamos and reach —

2872^* Ssamos TJjv&r (Tou>n Hotel; Oruner Baum), a royal
free town with regular streets, a handsome main square, and 5500
inhab., chiefly Armenians, who are, however, completely 'Magyar-
lsed\ The fort at the N. end of the town, erected in the 17fch cent.,
is now a prison ; Rosza Sandor, the notorious bandit-chief, died in
confinement here. — On the left bank of äie Szamos , ^{4 M. to
the W., lie the small baths of Kero, with springs containing sul-
phur and Epsom salts. <— < Mikula , on a hill to the S. of Szamos
Ujvar, is a resort of pilgrims of the Greek church.

The Szamos is now crossed for the third time ; the valley con-
tracts, and woods begin to cover the hills. To the left diverges the
branch-line to the salt - works of De^sakna (see below). Szent"
Benedeky on the right, has a pilgrimage-church, and a chateau be-
longing to Count Kornis , at one time strongly fortified and after-
wards converted into a monastery. — At the foot of the wooded
BosefUterg lies —

3772 M. Be^ {Europa, R. from 80 kr., well spoken of), a
royal free town with 6200 inhab., capital of the district of Szoluok
Boboka , situated at the confluence of the Grosse and Kleine Sza-
mos. The Protestant church , a tasteful Gothic edifice, dates from
the 15th century. In the upper promenade is a tower (16th cent.),
dating from the old fortifications. Opposite is the Bela-Berg, with
a rifle-range, and fine views. — The village of Deesakna , with its
salt-works and salt-baths, lies 1 ^2 ^* ^ the S. ; the old mine, ex-
plored since tho i5th c^it, is worth a visit.

toBiBtrUz. BISTRITZ. 77, BauU, 407

From De^aa diligence pile« daily to Ifagy Banya in Hungary, via
Somküt (57 M. in 12Vs Im., for 4 fl. 60 kr.}; and another through the valley
of the Ldpos to Magyar Ldpos (26 M. in 4V« hr8., for 2 fl.)<

The railway curves towards the N.E., crosses theQrosse SzamoSj
and leads on the left bank to Kozärvarj with the remains of a Ro-
man fortress, BacGf and (44^2 M.) RetUg. Among the hills , a
little way to the left of the next station, (46^2 M.) Caicaö Keresztutj
are the picturesque ruins of the rocky fastness of Csicsö , huilt in
the 16th cent, and destroyed in 1Ö44, which command a magnifi-
cent yiew. The railway crosses the Szamos, and reaches (51^2 ^O
Bethlen (ISOOinhab.), the ancestral residence of the Bethlen family.
— A road leads hence northwards to Naszöd^tinä Bodna (p. 408),
in the upper Szamos valley.

Beyond Bethlen the railway continued to follow the course of
the Szamos, partly on embankments in the river-bed, but at the
junction of the Sajö, enters the valley of the latter (to the E.).
Fine view of the snow-peaks of the Czibles and Kuhhorn, and of
the mountains on the N. border. At (67 M.) 8omker£k, the line
bends to the S. and crosses the Sajo. To the right lie the villages
of Kentelka and KerUs, where Piince Ladislaus , afterwards King
of Hungary, defeated the Kumanes in 1070. The strife was most
hotly contested on an oak-clad knoll, called Cserhalom^ now occu-
pied by a chateau and park of the Bethlen family , and has been
celebrated by the Hungarian poet Yorosmarthy in his poem of
that name. — The Saj6 is again crossed. Beyond (6772 M.) SzereU
falva are the ruins of Szent- Ldszlö (to 8zdsz Regen on the Maros
see p. 405). The train once more returns to the left bank of the
Saj6, and at the junction of the Bistritz turns N.E. into the valley
of that river. In which we soon come in sight of the Saxon village
of Heidendorf, Hun gar. Bosenyo, with numerous vineyards.

741/2 M. Bistritz, Hungar. Besztercze (Town Hotel; König von
Vngam, R. from 1 fl.), a royal free town and capital of the district
Bistritz-Naszod, with 8063 inhab., chiefly Germans of a still
earlier immigration than the other 'Saxons'. It was formerly
called Nosen, and gave its name to the Nösner Land (p. 394). The
town, which lies on the river Bistritz. formerly carried on a con-
siderable trade, particularly in the loth and the beginning of the
16th cent;, but has long since lost its commercial importance.
The walls and towers, with which it is still surrounded, give the
town a quaint and mediaeval air, but it possesses no other attrac-
tions. The Oothic Protestant Church, finished in 1563, has lost
almost the whole of its external embellishments in consequence of
repeated conflagrations. Hhe^Burgberg, above the town, with the
castle of John Hunyady, affords a beautiful view of Bistritz, em-
bedded among orchards and vineyards, and of tlie Carpathians on

the frontier of the Bukowina.

Fbom Bistbitz to Suosawa is thb Bukowina, 122 M., diligence in
2& hrs. (fare 13 fl. 72 kr.). Thq road croesea the fforgQ- tau 4o <6hfCf««a

408 B<mU 78, PLOESCI. From Kronttadi

Itskanp^ wbieli is * station on tke LeabOTg, Csemowitx, and Bn«]iarest
railway.

FnoM B18TUTZ TO Naszöd and Bodha. The road (diligence to Xassod,
14 M., in 2*/« hrs., i Ü,} leads across tlie ßtubemberif (1726 ft.) to Metter»-
dor/ and to Ntueöd^ a large Tillage In the valley of the Szamos. It next
reaches the baths of OUUk Stent OpOrgif^ with a mineral spring called Bor-
küt, containing muriatic acid and natron. At DombhdU is a similar spring,
the deposits of which have formed a hill of some size. Alt-Kodna, Ger.
RadenaUj once contained a nnmeroas German population, hut since its de-
struction by the Mongols in 1241 it has been abandoned to the Rumanians.
At the foot of the K^hhQmberg, Buman. Inem^ Hungar. Unäkö (7484 ft.)i
6 M. higher up, lead-mines are worked.

78. From Kronitadt to Fredeal and Bacdiarest.

lOeX. Railway to (18i/sM.) Predeal in l-iVt hr., to JB«cAar»«/in Gi/shrs.

Kronatadtf see p. 401. The line describes a wide enrre towards
the S.£. On the left are Heldsdorf, Marienburg y Peteraherg^ and
Honigberg ; then, a little later, Tartlau and the seven Hungarian
villages (p. 403), with the hatha of Zaj%on, On the right are the
town and the hlU of SdmUer, after which in rapid succession come
the HonUruepUUM, the JSaufrerftrunnen, and the Tannenau, all
favourite resorts of the townspeople. Beyond (4 M.) Dereatye-Het-
faXu the train enters the valley of the l^omoa ; to the left rises the
Fiaira Mare, or QrosefeU (great rock ; 6036 ft.). It then passes the
old customs-station of Vntitf-Tomioa and two new forts, and reaches
(IOY2 M.) Tomoty whence a fine view is obtained of the SchuUer
(to the right).

The train then ascends In windings to the Tdmös Pan
(8%arö$i'Töfno$J which it penetrates by a tunnel 1030 yds. long.
Several shorter tunnels are also traversed. Fine view to the right.
— I8V2M. Predeal (3346 ft.; BaU, Beetaurant, dear; luggage
and passports examined), the Rumanian lErontier-station, whence a
line view is obtained of the Schuller and Grossfels behind us and
of the Buesecs in front.

The train now descends the valley of the Ptahova, passing a
convent on the left. 23^2 M. InirorPrahova, at the junction of the
two main sources of the Prahova, which the train crosses several
times. 26 M. Bwtcni; to the right rises the huge Buesecs
(p. 402). — 30 M. Sinaia, beautifully situated, with the summer-
residence of the King of Rumania and an old monastery. — 40 M.
Comamieu; ÖO M. Campina (H6tel Bukarest). To the left lie the
extensive salt*minea of Telega. The picturesque part of the line
now ends, and we enter the fertile plains of Wallachia. To the right
«f Stat. Baieoiu is the large estate of Prince Oantacuzeno.

71 M. Ploetei (Moldavia; Vidoria; Europa), the junction of
the line to Buzeu and Braila (p. 391 ; halt of ^Z« hr. ; carriages
changed). The town, of a semi-Oriental character, with 33,000 in-
hab., lies between the Prahova and TeUajna, about 4 M. from the
vine-clad spurs of the Carpathians. It possesses 29 churches, none
^f which are of any particular intwest.

to Bucharest. BUCHAREST. 78, Route. 409

The rest of the joarney is monotonous. Stations Crivina, Peri-
siu, Bußa, Chitilia, The train then reaches the N. railway«8tation
(^Rnman. Targuveati-Gara) of —

109 M. Bneliarett. — Hotels. Grand Hotel Brofft , on the Boule-
vard in the centre of the town, R. from 4 fr. ; *HdTBL Frasgati ^ Hotkl
Ottetelsbchsamo \ HOTEL PE l''ITmiom ^ Dacia. (The Grand Hot. Boule-
vard was burned down in 1887.)

Restanranta. Labes (also cafe), Strada Smardan; Raschka^ Str. Aca-
demiei; €htie?utrd^ Str. Stirbey Voda.

Gab from the station into the town, 2 fr.

Tramway from the K. railway - station through the town and across
the Theater-Platz.

Theatre, with performianoes of Italian Qp9ra and French comedies
(in winter, pieces in the Rumanian tongue).

American Charge d^ Affaire«, Mr. W. Feam.

English Ohareh Service, 37 Strada Oltenii, at 10.45 a.m. Chaplain,
Rev. F. 0. Kleinhenn.

Buehcureat (Rnman. Bükufeshtt)^ the capital of the kingdom
of Rumania, with 221,000 Inhüb., lies in the midst of a mo-*
notonous plain, and is diyided into two parts hy the dirty river
Dimbovitza, which is crossed by fifteen bridges. In spite of the
fact that the streets have in recent years been payed or causewayed
and that gas-lighting , tramways, and cabs have been introduced,
the town, irregularly built and consisting of about 20,000 low,
leaden-roofed houses, still retains its Oriental appearance. It is
divided for administrative purposes into five districts, the Yellow
(N.), Bed (central). Green {w.), Black (E.), and Blue (S.). The
principal business-streets are the LipMani Street (so called because
the Bucharest merchants formerly always obtained their goods at
the Leipsic Fair) , and the Victoriei Street , which intersects the
town from N. to S., along with two or three others immediately
adjacent ; these have quite a European character.

Among the most important buildings are the Palace (the re-
sidence of Charles of HohenzoUem , created Prince of B^umania
in 1866 and King in 1881), the Theatre, and War Office, all in the
Yictoriei Street. On the Boulevard stands the University, the fa-
cade of which is embellished with pillars ; above the entrance is a
frieze representing Athene and the arts. Opposite to it stands an
equestrian statue of Woiwode Michael III, (1592-1601), erected
in 1871.

The huge square tower of the Hospital Coltza, near the Giurch
of St, George, is said to have- been built in 1715 by the soldiers
of Oharles XII. of Sweden (good view of the town and environs
from the top). The courtyard of the hospital contains a marble
monument, erected in 1870, to the memory of Stephen Cantacuzenoa,
theWallachian patriot, who was executed at Constantinople in 1716.

Bucharest contains no fewer than 127 churches (116 of the
Greek denomination), besides chapels, etc., most of which are
low cruciform structures. None of these possess any special inter-
est for the visitor except the Antim Church and the Stavropolos

410 Route 78. OIÜRGEVO.

Chapel, the Utter of whleh, huilt in 1724, is characterised by har-
mony of proportions and rich plastic decoration. The Metropolitaa
Chnreh , hnilt in 1656 and restored in 1834 , stands npon a hill
in the S. part of the town ; adjacent are the residence of the Arch-
bishop and the House of the Estates. A short distance to the W.
are the church and monastery of Badn Voda, built by Alexander II.
in 1572 and restored in 1859 ; and to the N.E. is the church of St.
Bpiridion, with interesting campanile-towers. In the central por-
tion of the town are the church of Cnrte Yeeke, built by Mirza the
Old (1387-1419) in 1387 and rebuilt after the flre of 1847, and
the church of St. Oiorgio, also rebuilt since 1847. The Sazindar
Chureh on the Bouleyard is a basilica of 1634. Bucharest also
contains a Lutheran church (with a German school) and a Keformed
Protestant church.

In the middle of the town lies the pretty but somewhat damp
and unhealthy park of dsmediu* To the N. of the town, at the
end of the Yictoriei Street, is the Chausiee^ the ^Rotten Row' of
Bucharest and much frequented in the afternoon ; on each side are
pleasure-grounds and villas (two caftfs).

From Bcchabbst to Giobobvo and Smabda, 48 M. in IV2-2V2 hrs. (fares
d fr. 35, 7 fr., 4 fr. 70 c). The train starts from the N. sUtion (p. 409),
leads through a monotonous district past Zilava and Vidra^ crosses the
Arffiöu, and reaches Comaita. A little to the W, is Galngtireni, where
the Woiwode Michael defeated a Turkish army of 140,000 men under
Sinan Pasha on 15th Aug., 1594. Stations BaneMOj Fratesti, Then (42 M.)
Qiurgtvo , Ruman. Qiurffi« (Hotel läla Hane, R. 4-6 fr. \ passengers for
Oiurgevo alight at the town-station, those who wish to proceed at once to
Constantinople or to ascend the Danube keep their seats and are carried
on to the quay), the principal commercial town of Rumania, with 15,000
inhabitants. It was the Theodoropoli» of the Romans, but was rebuilt and
named Sa»te Qiorgio in the 14th cent, by the Qenovese, who were then
in possession of the trade of the lower Danube. Giui^evo is connected by
a bridge with the fort on the island of Slohodsia. The express trains
do not halt at Giurgevo, but continue direct to its port of (48 H.) ;8mar(2a,
whence a steamer plies in */< hr. to Ruttthuk^ on the Bulgarian bank. FVom
Rustshuk a rulway runs to Varna^ whence steamers ply to Constantinople.

Railway from Bucharest to Verciorova (and Oriovajy see p. 364.

INDEX.

Aach, the 34.
Aach-Lin« 47.
Aal, the 24.
Aalen 34.
Abaujvar 369.
Abbasia 276.
Abbach 110.
Abensberg 117.
Abensfluss, the 112.
Aberg, the 306.
Ablach, the 46. 47.
Abony 367.
Abos 370. 378.
Abrudbänya 397.
Absdorf 314.
Abtadurf 320.
Abusina 112.
Ach, the 46.
Achalm, the 39.
Achenlohe 173.
Achslach 183.
Acs 334. 3ö0.
Acsäd 353.
Ada-Kaleh 361.
Adamsthal 320. 322.
Adelbolzen 172.
Adelsberg 276.
Adelschlag 117,
Adelsheim 61.
Adler, the 325.
Adlerfluss, the Stille

319.
Adler'stem, the 82.
Adlitsgrabeo, the 269.
Adony 355.
Adorf 62.

Adriatic Sea 277. 286.
Aegydi Hut 382. 333.
Aeschach 171.
Agendorf 353.
Ager, the 258.
Aggflbach 256.
Aggstein 256.
Aggtelek 373.
Aglasterhausen 61.
Agnethlen 400.
Agostonfalva 401.
Szt. Agotha 400.
Agram 352.

Ahorn thai, the 83.
Ahrein 120.
Ahrnschwang 175.
Aich 308.
Aichach 112.
Aichgraben 249.
Aigen, chateau 265.
Ailsbach, the 83.
Aisch, the 59.
Aistaig 34.
Aitrang 169.
Ajnäcskö-Söreg 373.
Alabaster Grotto 383.
Alb, the Swabian 36.
— , the Rauhe 27.
Alba 351.
Albertfalva 365.
Alberti-Irsa 362.
Albrechtsberg 249.
Aldingen 35.
Alexandersbad 80.
Alfalter 96.
Alfenschwand 175.
Algän, the 169.
Algyö 367.
Alion, the 361.
Allach 117.
Allensbach 47.
Albersdorf 112.
Alling 110.
Allmannsdorf 49.
Allmendingen 46.
Almas 335.
Almas Füzitö 350.
Alpirsbach 34.
Alpsee. the 170.
Alsö-Mlslye 371.
Alsö-IUkos 401.
AlB<S-Saj6 374.
Alsö-Utsa 400.
Alt, the 399. 401. 403.

etc
Altbach 26.
Alt-Bunzlau 316.
Altdorf 100.
Alte Feste, the 59.
Altenberg 73. 314.
Altenburg 62.
— , abbey 313.

Altenburg, castle 69.
Altendorf 383.
Altenmarkt 249.
Altenmuhr 116.
Altenstadt 29.
Alt-Gutenstein 45.
Althausen 47.
Althegnenberg 118.
Altheim 34. 120. 173.
Althengstett 14.
Alt-Khaja 318.
Altmannshof 174.
Alt-Moldova 359.
Altmühl,the 97.111.116
Alt-Ofen 336. 347.
Alt-Orsova 361.
Alt-Oetiing 173.
Alt-Paka 316. 326.
Alt-Bodna 406.
Alt-Sandez 370.
Altshausen 29.
Altsohl 372.
Alt-Szöny 335. 350.
Alttitschein 328.
Alvincz 397.
Alwind 171.
Alzenau 52.
Amberg 174.
Amorbach 53.
Amper, the 117. 118. 120.
Ampfing 173.
Amselflng 176.
Amstetten (Austria) 250.
— (Swabia) 27.
Andelsbach, the 47.
Andiesenhofen 258.
Andorf 180.
St. Andrä 3l4.
Szt. Andräa 363.
Andreasinsel, the 336.
Angern 323.
Anif 266.

Ankathal, the 96.
Annaberg S^. 329.
Szt. Anna Lake 403.
Annathal 303.
Anninger, the 243.
Ansbach 115. 22.
Antonienhöhe 63. 305.

412

INDEX.

AnEenkirctaen 182.
ApäcEft 401.
Apahida 406. 406.
Apathin 356.
ApcB-Ssintö 372.
Apostag 365.
Aries 351.
Arad 363.

Arad Mts., the 305.
AWlnyos, the 397. 405.
Arapataka 401.
Arber, the 184.
Arbersee^he 184.
Arbesau 900.
Arcsa 404.
Ardagger 254.
Ardealu 392.
Argen, the 29.
Argiöu, the 410.
Amstein 55.
Artstetten 360.
Arva, caetle 376.
Araberg 97.
Asbach 61.
Asch 63.
Aschach 74. 181.
Aschbach 251.
AschaflSenburg 52.
Asperg 13.
Aspern 332.
Assling 171.
Ästen 251.
AsEiSd 368.
AU354.

Attel, provostry 181.
Attel, the 172.
Attersee, the 250.
Attnang 268.
Atzgersdorf 242.
An, castle 182.
— , monastery 181.
Aubing 168.
Auerbach 61. 62.
Augsburg 99.
Aulendorf 29.
Aurach, the 59.
Aurolzmünater 268.
Auscha 316.
Aussig 295.
AusterlitE 323.
Auwal 319.

Baar, the 35.
Baassen 400.
Babak&j 359.
Babenhausen 19. 52.
Babkiberg, the 378.
Baböcsa 354.
Baböja 397.
Babylom, the 322.
Baca 407.

Bachergebirge, the 273.
Backnang 21.

Bicska, the 366. 367.
Badacson 352.
Badelwand, the 270.
Baden (near Vienna)

244.
Bagna, the 361.
Baicoia 4U6.
Baierbrunn 168.
Baiersdorf 70.
Baireuth 75.
Baia356.
Bajmok 367.
Bakeu 391.
Bakonyer Wald 348.

360.

BakoY 315. 327.
Balanbinya 406.
Balaton, the 351.
Baläzsfalva 306.
Baldeck, min 88.
Balingen 43.
Ballenstein 334.
Bamberg 66.
Bammenthai 18.
Banat, the 363.
Banessa 410.
Binffy-Hunyad 363.
Binhida 361.
Bankö 370.
Binr^ve 373.
Banyicza 396.
Banz, monast. 64.
Bärind 367.

Baranyavär Monostor 367.
Barcola 280.
Barczika 374.
Bares 364.
Bareza 370.
Bärenreut 79.
Bärensee, the 12.
Bärnstein, ruin 184.
Bämstelner Leite 184.
Bartfeld 370.
Bartos-Lehotka 873.
Bastei, the 294. 381.
Bata 366.
Batajnicza 862.
Batina 366.
Bätony 372.
Batschendorf 403.
Battaazek 352.
Bitju 371.
Baulaka 363.
Baumdorf 84.
B&umenheim 99.
Bavarian Forest, the 176.

179. 183.
Bayrisch-Eisenstein 186.
Btfziäs 359. 863.
Bazin 374.
Bazna 400.
Bebenhausen 32.
Bdehowitz 319.

Beckstetten 169.
Beczkö 375.
Beezwa. the 328.
Beerfelaen 19.
Befreiungshalle, the, near

Kelheim 111.
B^ga, the 364.
B^ga Canal 363.
Behringersdorf 95.
Behringersmühle 82.
Beihingen 13. 21.
Beimerstetten 27.
Bela 383.

— , Caverns of 382.
Bela, the 377.
BölablLnya 372.
Belanszko 382.
Beler Höhlenbeim 379.

382.

— Koschar 382. 383.
Beigrade 358. 362.
Belincz 36i.
Beilenberg 20.
Bellus 375.

Belsener Chapel, the 41.
Bäly 371.
Bempflingen 31.
Szt. Benedek 355. 406.
Benesehau 324.
Bensen 314.
Beratzhausen 100.
Beraun 309.

-, the 309.
Berchtesgaden 267.
Bereczk 403.
Beregsz^z 371.
Berettyö-Üjfalu 367.
Berg 10. 120.
Bergen 172.
Berghausen 15.
Bergrheinffeld 71.
Bergtheim 71.
Berlad 391.
Bernau 172.
Bemeek 76.
Bemdorf 249.
Berolzheim 116.
Befkowitz 297.
Bertoldsheim 113.
Berzava Canal, the 363.
Berzeneze 364.
Bereora 806.
Besigheim 16.
Beska 362.
Beskid 371. 384.
Beskid Hts., the 376.
Besnyö 368.
Besztercze 407.
Beszterezebinya 372.
Betfalva 404.
Bethlen 407.
Bethlenfalva 404.
BetU^r 374.

INDEX.

413

Betzigau 168.
Betzingen 31.
Beuren 38.

Beurener Fels, the 38.
Bearoh, mooast. 45.
Beutelsbach OB,
Beuthen 339. 384.
Bezdän 356.
Biadoliny 388.
Biala 384.
— , the 388.
Bialka, the 383.
Biberach (Swabia) 29.
Biburg 112.
Bibersburg 348.
Bicaka 351.

Biela, the 295. 296. 298.
Bielitz 384.
Bierhatte 1T9.
Bieringen 33.
Bierzanov 387. 388.
Biessenhofen 169.
Bietigheim 13. 21.
Bihana 296.
Bikafalva 404.
Bilin 301.

Biliner Stein, the 301.
Bina, the 182.
Binau 19.
Bindlach 75. 78.
Birkenfeld 15.
Birkensee 119.
Bimbach 182.
Birsula 390.
Birthelm .40a
Bisamberg, the 258. 318.
Bischofsgrün 79.
Bischofshaube 184.
Bischofsheini 74.
Bischofsmais 183.
Bisenz 328.
Bisingen 43.
Bistritz 324. 376. 407.
— , the 325. 407.
Bittelbronn 34.
Blanitz, the 813.
Blankeaberg 63.
Blansko 320.
Blasendorf 398.
Bläsibad 41.
Bläsiberg 41.
Blaa, the 28. 45.
Blaubenern 46.
Blaufelden 22.
Blaue See, the 382.
Blau topf, the 46.
Blaufelden 22.
Bleistadt 303.
Blenheim 98.
Blindenmarkt 250.
Blindheim,8ee Blenheim.
Blisowa 310.
Blöckenstein, the 179.

Blöckensteinsee 179.
Biowitz 313.
Blumenau 348.
Blumengarten, the 381.
Bobingen 168.
Böblingen 33.
Boohnia 388.
Booklet 74.
Bodaik 350.
Bodelshausen 41.
Bodenbach 295.
— , the 295.
Bodenlaube 72. 73.
Bodenmais 184.
Bodensee, see Lake of

Constance.
Bodenwöhr 175.
Bodmann 50.
Bodok 403.
Bodrog, the 365. 371.
Bogenhausen 167.
BogUr 351.
Bogojevo 367.
Bögöz 404.
Bogumilowice 388.
Böheimkirchen 249.
Bohemian Forest , the

185. 311.
Bohlen 62.
Böhmisch-Brod 319.

- -Hörschlag 313.
Kubitzen 311.

- -Leipa 314.

- -Lissa 316. 324.

Trübau 319.

Bohuslavicz 375.
Boicza 399.

Boll, baths 26.
Bonczhida 406.
Bondorf 34.
Böös 334.
Bopflngen 25.
Bopser, the 9.
Borberek 397.
Borgö Pass, the 407.
Borküt 406.
Bomheim 51.
Borowitz 326.
Borr^y Pass, the 392.
Bors 367.
Borsa, the 371.
Borschen, the 301.
Borsz^k 40i.
Boryslaw 388.
Bosenyö 407.
Bösig 310.
Bösing 374.
Boskowitz, ruin 320.
Botfalu 401.
Botitsch, the 324.
Botosani 991.
Boxberg 60.
Braila 391. .. .

Brambach 62.
Brandeis 316. 819.
Brandeisl 301.
Brandholz 79.
Brandstatt 181.
Branowitz 323.
Branyicska 395.
Branzaus 317.
Brassö 401.
Brätka 368.
Braunau 173. 325.
Bregenz 171.
Breitenaich 181.
Breitenberg 179.
Breiten-Güssbaeh 65.
Breitenschützing 258.
Breitenstein 27. 269.
Brend, the 74.
Brendlorenzen 74.
Brenndorf 401.
Brennerbauer, the 184.
Brenz, the 24. 99.
Brenztopf. the 24.
Bfeznitz 309.
Breslau %29.
Brettach. the 20.
Bretten 12. 15.
Bretzfeld 20.
Brieg 329.

Brigachthal, the 35.
Brod 362.
Brodek 328.
Brodfeld, the 396.
Brody 389.
Bronnbach 60.
Bronnen, Schloss 45.
Broos 396.
Brötzingen 14. 15.
Bruch 295.
Bruchsal 12.
Brück on theAmper 168.

— on the Leitha 349.

— on the Mur 270.
— , abbey 318.
Bruckberg 120.
Brückenau 744.
Brühl, the 22.
Brunn 242.
Brunn 320.
Brunnenthal 180.
Brunnersdorf 302.
Brunöcz 374.
Brüsau 320.

Brüx 302.
Bubenä 297.
Buccari 353.
Buch 173.
Bucharest 409.
Buchberg 179.
— , the 249.
Büohelbach, the 185.
Büchelberg 22.
Buchenau, cMÜe 181.

414

INDEX.

BachhauB 80.
Bucblau S98.
Buchloe 168.
Buchlowits 328.
BucMSea.

Bucsecs, the 408. 406.
Bucsum 887.
Bttda-Pe0t 336.
Badapeat Kelenfold 851.
Budatin 376.
Budigsdorf 319.
Budislav, the 400.
Büdö0bere. the 403.
Badweis 313.
BufUa 409.
Bug 70.
Bühl 170.

Bählerbaeh, the 22.
Bukacxowce 390*
Bükk 363.
Bukowina 390. 383.
BüksB^d 408.
Bänaburg 295.
Buoeh 23.
Burgau 118.
Burgbemheim llö.
Burgfambach 59.
BurggaUenreuth 83. 84.
Burgbalde, the 169.
Burgheim 113.
Burgholz, the 11.
Burgkundstadt 64.
Burglengenfeld 119.
Bnrgsinn 54.
BurgflUdt 53.
Burgstall 31.
— , the 175.
Burgstein, the 81. 116.
Burgweiler 47.
Burlafingen 117.
Bursztyn 390.
Bunten, the 401.
Burzenland, the 401.
Buschtiehrad 301.
Bussen, the 46.
Busteni 408.
Busztyahilza 866.
Buteanu, the 400.
Buzeu 391.
Bystrica, the 390.

Gachticz 375.
Calmbach 15.
Galositz 315.
Calugareni 410.
Calw 14.

Cameral-MoraTice 353.
Gampina 406.
GannsUtt 11. 23.
St. Canzian 276.
Gapo d'Istria 280.
Garlowitz, see Karlowits.
CarUbftd 005,

Carlshöhle, the 41.
Carlstadt 352.
Camian Alps, the 275.
Carolinen-Oanal, the 9(
Carolinenfeld 173.
Carolinenthal, the 292.
Carpathian Mts., the
Llttte 348. 328.

/arso, see Karst.

^dtltz 318.

^er^ 334.

iemosek 315.
GeUte Xare, the 397,
- Mike, the 397.
Chabowka 379. 881.
Cham 175.
Chamereck 175.
Chelmek 384.
Chemnitz 62.
Chiemsee, tiie 172.
Chitilla 409.
Chlum 325.
ChlumeU 324. 336.
Chodau 908.
Chodorow 390.
GhotJibor 317.
ChotJischau 310.
Chotusitz 317.
Chotzen 319. 325.
Chrast 310. 317.
Ghropin 323.
Chrudim 317.
Chrzanöw 384.
Ghwala 324.
ChwatSrub 297.
Chybi 384.
Chyrow 871. 388.
Cilli 274.
GimeUtz 309.
Cisnedia 399.
Gisnidiora 399.
Ciioya 309.
Comana 410.
Gomamik 406.
Constance 47.
Constance, the Lake of

30. 170. 171.
Constantinsbad 274.
Corgnale 280.
Cosel 329.
Cracow 384.
Crailsheim 22.
Creglingen 115.
Creussen 96.
Crimmitzschau 62.
Grivina 409.
Cronhelm 97.
Gsaba 863. 366.
Gsicza 376.
Csikathnm 274.
Csiny 369.
C0ap 365. 371.

Gsapö-Badn64h 405.

CsaU348.

Gseffa 366.

Gsejthe 375.

Cseklesz 348.

Csengöd 961.

Csepel 355.

Csereyiti 357.

Cserhalom 407.

Csema, the 395.

Gsert^ 396.

Csetetye Bole, the 386.

Csiesö-Keresstnr 407.

Csik 408.

Csik Szent Domokos 403.

Csik Szereda 409.

CM>MUI9e9.

Csobincz 363.

Gsoma Falva 404.

Csomalberg, the 40B.

Csorba 877. 981.

— , Lake of 981.

Csorris 366.

Cubrina, the 361.

Cnlmbaeh 64.

Czakowitz 327.

Csama 388.

Czamy SUw, the 384.

Gzaslau 317.

Czegl^d 963. 965. 967.

Czekend, the 404.

Czema, the 964.

Czema-Hora. the 990.

Czemosek 315.

Czemowitz 990.

Czibles, the 407.

Cziffer 374.

Czucsa 966.

Oaehan 117.

Dachauer Moos, the 117.

118. 168.
Dalimirits 926.
Dallau 61.
Dallwitz 908.
DAlya 366. 967.
Dammbach, the 64.
Dinos 400.
Danube, the 34. 35. 44.

45. 100. 180. etc.
^, the Littte 950.
Dariny 354.
Dirda 367.
Darkau 376.
Darlöcz 400.
Darmstadt 53.
Daschitz 319.
Dasing 113.
Dassnitz 308.
Daumen, the 170.
Dayidathal 308.
Debreczin 385.
Pe6i406.

INDEX.

415

Deesakna 406.
Deffernik 186.
Degerloch 1.
Deggendorf 182.
Deggingen 27.
Deining 100.
Deisslingen 35.
Delnice 363.
Demanova 377.
Dembica 388.
Demsus ,d&ß.
Dengeleg 406.
Derestve-H^tfalü 406.
Detta 363.
Dettelbach 68.
Dettingen (on the Hain)
61. 58.

— (Swabia) 31. 38. 46.
Detunata Oola, the 397.
Detwang 116.
Deutach-AltenbuTg 332.

— -Bogsän 363.

Brod 317.

Eralup 302.

Kubitzen 311.

— -Lugos 364.
Deutaebendorf 377.
Ddva 396.
Diebach 56.
Diedorf 118.
Dielhau 329.
Dietfurt 46. 182.
Dietmannaried 29.
Dillineen 99.
DUln 372.
Dilsberg 61.
Dimbovitza, the 409.
Dingolfing 120.
Dinkelsbühl 98.
Dinkelscherben 118.
Dinny^s 351.
Diösgyör 369.
Di68zeg 348.
Distelhausen 60.
Ditro 403.
Ditzenbach 27.
Ditzingen 13.
Diva5a 276.
Dniester, the 888. 390.
Dobel 16.
Dobovata 362.
Dobra 362. 396.
Döbraberg, the 63.
Dobrawitz 316.
DobHchowitz 309.
Dobritschan 301.
Dobschau 374. 377.
Dohna 294.
DoUnstein 116.
Dombhät 406.
Dombori 366.
Dombrau 376.
Dombühl 22. 98. 116.

Domina-Schönlind 302.

Dömsöd 361.

Donatiberg, the 274.

Donaudorf, castle 256.

Donaumoos, the 113.

Donaustauf 109.

Donauwörth 98.

Donnersberg, the (Bohe-
mia) 300.

Doos 59. 71. 82.

Doppelburg 300.

Dorfgütingen 98.

Dorfprozelten 63.

Dombach 247.

Dömigheim-Hochstsdt
51.

Domstetten 34.

Dorosma 362.

Dottenheim 69.

Drachenloch 260.

Drahowitz 308.

Drasow 322.

Drau or Drave, the 273.
352. 364. 356 &c.

Draueck 356.

DrävarSzarvas 367.

Drei Brüder, the 80.

Dreieckmarkstein 179.

Dreikrenzberg, the 306.

Drei Quellen, the 84.

Dreisesselberg 179.

Drencova 330.

Dresden 294.

Dfis 216.

Drohobicz 388.

Dubnitz 376.

Dubova 360.

Dubrawitza 359.

Dugaresa 352.

Dumbrära 397.

Duna Földvir 356.

Duna Szekcsö 366.

Duna Varsäny 361.

Dunajec, the 370. 383.
384. m

DunakesB 349.

Dunesdorf 400.

Durlach 15.

Durlea 400.

Durlesbach 30.

Durlsberg, the 383.

Dürnbuch 112.

Dümholz 323.

Dümkrut 323.

Dümstein 266.

Dürrbach 406.

Dürre Liesing, the 242.

Dürrenzimmern 97.

Düsselbach 96.

Dusslingen 41.

Dutzendteich 100. 96.

Dux 300.

Dzieditz 384.

£belsbach 72.
Ebenhausen 72. 74. 168.
Ebensfeld 65.
Eberbach 19. 61.
Ebergassing 349.
Ebermannstadt 81.
Ebersbach 26.
Eberschwang 268.
Ebersdorf 256.
Ebea 366.
Ebesfalva 400.
Ehingen 43.
Echaz, the 31.
Eckartshausen 22.
Eckersdorf 77.
Ecksberg 182.
Eczel 400.
Edelfingen 60.
Efferding 181.
Eger 304. 62.
Eger, the 25. 62. 80. 97.

301. 302.
Egerbegy 405.
Egeres 368.
Egervir 364.
Egg, chateau 183.
Eggen 169.

Eggenberg, ohäteau 273.
Eggenburg 314.
Eggenfelden 182.
Eggmühl 119.
Eggolsheim 70.
Egloffstein 82.
St. Egyden 268.
Ehingen 33. 46.
Ehningen 34.
Ehrenberg 19.
Ehrenhausen, castle 273.
Eibach 27.
Eibenschitz 322.
Eichberg, the 249.
Eichhofen 100.
Eichicht 64.
Eicholzheim 61.
Eichstädt 116.
Eichwald 300.
Eining 112.
Einsingen 29.
Eipel. the 348. 372.
Eisenoach, the 185.
Eisenberg 296.
Eisenbrod 326.
Eisenbründl 334.
Eisenburg 354.
Eisenmarkt 396.
Eisenstadt 850.
Eisenstein 186. 310.
Eisenstrass 310.
EisemeThor, Mt.24ö. 267.
Eisgrub 323.
Eislingen 27.
Eiasee, the 381.
Bisthaler Spitse, thQ 380.

416

INDEX.

Elbe, the 79\. 319. etc.
Elbe-TeiniU 319.
Elbogen 306.
ElchisKen 24. 117.
Elesd 3i68.
EliMbethstedt 400.
EUsenihal 186.
Eilend 332.
ElUD^en 116.
EUrichshausen 23.
Ellwangen 22.
Elm 56.
£10pat»k 401.
Elsawa, the 54.
Elsenz, the IB. 61.
ElBter 63.
— , the 62.
Eltmann 72.
Els, the 19. 61.
Emmersdorf 2M.
Emüd 369.
Emskirchen 59.
Endenbaeh 23.
Endorf 173.
Sst. Endre 349.
Engelhardsberg 82.
Engelhartszell 180.
Bngelhans, ruin 308.
Engelmannsreuth 96.
Engelmar 183.
E ngelsberg,mon asterj* 03.
Engelsburg 78.
Engelssell, monastery

180.
Engen 36.
Engstingen 41.
Engstlatt 43.
Eningen 39.
Enns 251.
-, the 251. 254.
Ennseckf castle 251.
Ens, the 13. 14. 15. 16.
Ensberg 14.
Bnsesfeld 249.
Ensisweiler 171.
Ensklösterle 16.
Eperies 370.
Epfendorf 34.
Epfenhausen 168.
Eppreohtstein, the 80.
Erbaoh 19. 39.
Ercs^ny 356.
Erd 365.
Erding 173.
Erdöd 350. 367.
Eremitage, chateau 77.
Ergenxingen 84.
Ergoldsbach 119.
Erked 401.
~, the 401.
Erkenbrechtsweiler 38.
Eriakloster 264.
Erlaf, the 26Q. 256.

Erlangen 70.
Erlau 179. 369.
Erlauf 250.
Erlendoif 406.
Krmetshofen 113.
]gr-Mih£lyfalva 386.
Erms, the 31. 38.
Rrpflngen 41.
j^rseb^tväros 400.
Ersek Ujvir 348.
Ersingen 15.
Ertingen 46.
Ersberg, the 174.
Ercs^etfalva 361.
Ersgebirge, the 302.
Eschan 54.
Esehelbronn 61.
Eschenan 20.
Eschenbach 116. 96.
Esehenkoeel 243.
Essegg 36i.
Essendoif 29.
Easing, Alt and Neu 111.
Essingen 24.
Essleben 71.
Essling 332.
Esslingen 25.
Essterhisa 80a
Etterxhausen 100.
Etwashausen 08.
Etselwang 174.
Eubigheim 00.
Euerdorf 65.
Eulau 295.

Euiauerbaeh, the 295.
Eussenheim 66.
Eutingen 14. 34.
Ewiges Leben 308.
Eyach 33.
— , the 43.
Eyachmähl 16.
Eywanowits 323.

Falgendorf 826.
Falkenau 308.
Falkenstein , rain near

Sigmaringen 45.
— (Saxony) 62.
— , the Grosse 185.
Falls-Gefrees 63.
Farkadin 306.
Farkasfalva 372.
Fätra Hüls 376.
Faulenbach, the 35.
Faumdau 26.
Fechenbach 63.
Federsee 46.
Fegeregyhaza 404.
Fegyvemek 367.
Feh^rtemplom 363.
Feilberg 169.
Feistritz 270.
Fekete-Ardö 366.

Feketehegy 378.
Fekete-Ügy, ^be 403.
Feldbaeh 273.
Feldmoching 121.
Feldsberg 323.
Feled 373.
F^Iegyhisa 862.
Felix Baths, the dlBS.
Felixdorf 287.
Felka 380.

- Lake, the 381.

— VaUey, the 380.
Fellbaoh 33.
FeUheim 29.
Felsö-Buom 400.
FeUö'Galla 361.
Felvincz 406.
Feny^d 404.

Ferdinaadshöhe. the 296.
Feredö Gyögy 396.
Feucht 100.
Feuchtwangen 96.
Feuerbach 14.
Feuerbacher Heide, the

9.

Feuerstein, the 380.
Fichtelberg, the 30S.
Fichtelnab, the 96.
Fichtenberg 23.
Filder, the 33.
Fils, the 26.
Filseck, chftteau 26.
Fischa, the 349.
Fisohach, the 259.
Fisehament 332.
Fischingen 34.
Fisehsee, the Grosse 381.

383.
Fiume 363.
Fire Lakes, the 380.

383.
Flochberg, the 25.
St. Florian, Abbey 251.
Floriansberg, the 31.
Floridsdorf 318. 333.
Föd^mes 348.
Fogaras 400.
Fogaras Hts., Ihe 400.
FöldT^r 401.
Forbes 313.
Forchheim 70. 81.
Forehtenstein, castle 353.
Fomsbaoh 22.
Forrö-Encs 369.
Förstershöhle, the 83.
Förtschendorf 64.
Foscani 391.
Föth 349.
Frain 317. 318.
Francon. Switserland 81.
Frankenmarkt 259.
Frankfort 51.
Frftnsdorf 275.

INI>EX.

417

Franzensbad 905.
Franzensburg 244.
Franzens-Canal 366. 967
Franzenstbal 314.
Franz-Josephs-Bad 275.
Fratesti 410.
Frauenau 184.
Frauenberg 313.
Frauenwörth, the 172.
Freck 400.
Freienstein 266.
Freiheitsau 329.
FreihÖls 175.
Freilassing 173.
Freinberg, the 262.
Freising 120.
Freistadt 313.
Freistadtl 374.
Freiung 174.
Freiwaldau 329.
Fremdingen 98.
Freudenberg 63.
Freudenheim 179.
Freudenstadt 34.
Freudenthal 329.
Freystadt 293.
Freyung 179.
Friedau 249. 274.
Friedberg 113. 118.
Friedburg-Lengau 173.
Friedenstein 326.
Friedingen 45.
Friedland 327.
Friedrichsberg, the 310.
Friedrichshafen 30.
Friedriehshall 18.
Friesenhofen 29.
Frischau 322.
Fr^hnleiten 270.
Frommem 43.
Frondeck 33.
Frontenhausen 182.
Fröschnitz-Thal, the

269.
Froschseen, the 381.
Fruska-Oova 866.
Fuchsstadt 66.
Fülek 372.
Faiöp-SzÜl^ 361.
Fünfkirchen 362. 864.
Fünf-Seen-Thal, the

380.
Fared 351.
Fürholz 179.
Fürstenau 19.
Fürstenbrunn 906.
Fürstenfeld 168.
Fürstenfeldbruck 168.
Fürth 176. 811.
Fürth 59. 71.
Futak 367.
Füzes-Abony 368.
Fuzine 363.

Gabelbachgereuth 118.
Qica 372.
Gaden 243.
Oädheim 71.
Gaflenz 250.
Gaildorf 22.
Gailenkirohen 20.
Gailenreuther Höhle 84.
Gaimershelm 117.
Gaimühle 19.
Gainfam 267.
Gaisbach 313.
Gaisberg, the 266. 386.
Gaishöhe, the 64.
Galambfalva 404.
Galantha 348.
Galatz 391. 405.
GalgöcB 976.
Galizinberg, the 248.
Galt 401.
Gamburg 60.
Gamertingen 43.
Gaming 260.
Gamlitz 278.
Gangkofen 182.
G^nocz 377.
Gänsemdorf 323.
Garadna 369.
Garam-Berzeneze 372.
Gars 181.
Gartringen 84.
Gaschwitz 62.
Gasienieowe Lakes, the

384.
Gasseddorf 81. 82.
Gastorf 316.
Gattern 179.
Gäu, the 34.
Gavosdia 864.
Gaya 308.
Gedersdorf 257.
Gefrees 63.

Gefrorne See.ihe 881. 884.
Geiersberg 182. 295.
Geiersbachthal, the 306.
Geiselhöring 175.
Geisenhausen 120.
Geishom, the 170.
Geislingen 27.
Geislinger Steig, the 27.
Geist 401.

Geisterwald, the 400.
Gelse 354.

Geltschbad, the 816.
Geltschberg, the 815.
Gemenoz dOo.
Gemsenberg, the 334.
Gemünden 54.
Genderkingen 118.
Generalski-Stol 852.
Gennach, the 168.
3U Georgen (near Brau-

nau) 173.

Baxdbkbr's S. Germany. 6th Edit.

St Geoi^oi (Franconia)
76.

— am Reit 260.

— (Hungary) 334. 374.
Georgenau 38.
Georgenberg 297.
Georgensgmünd 97.
Gera 62.

Gerasdorf 322.
Gerendis 366.
Gerhausen, castle 46.
Gerlachsheim 60.
GerlsdorferSpitze,the381.
Gernsbach 34.
Gemyeszeg 406.
Geroldseck 34.
Geroldsgrün 63.
Geroldshausen 60.
Gersberg Alpe, the 266.
Gersthofen 99.
Gessertshansen 118.
Geyersberg, the 54.
Giengen 24.
Giesshübel 909.
St. Gilgenberg 77.
Gingen 27.
Girglsee, the 185.
Girlsau 400.
Giselawarte, the 263.
Giurgevo 410.
Glaneck 266.
Glasenmühle 79.
Glashütten 77.
Glashüttenriegel 188.
Glauchau 62.
Gleichenberg, Baths 273.
Gleiwitz 329.
Gloggnitz 268.
Glogovto 395.
Glon, the 117.
Gmünd(Bohemia)313.324.

— (Swabia) 24.
Göd 349.
Göding 327.
Gödöllö 368.
Gögging 112.
Göggingen 47.
Gogolin 329.
Göla 354.
Goldegg 249.
Goldmühl 78.
Goldmühlthal, the 79.
Goldshöfe 25.
Göller, the 318.
GöUersdorf 818.
Göilnitz 878.

~, the 374.
Goltsch-Jeaikan 317.
Göltzschthal. the 62.
Golubacz 360.
Gombaszög 378.
Gombos 366. 967.
Gomirje 363.

27

418

INDEX.

Gondelsheim 12.
Gönyö 334.
GöpfritB 313.
Oöppingen 26.
Qörkau 295.
Oösaenheim 66.
Gosamannadoif 113.
GössnilB 62.
Gössweinstein 82. 83.
Gösting, cmU« 273.
GöstUng 260.
Gotschakogl, tbe 269.
Gottesgab 3U2.
Gottesthal 266.
Gottes -ZelL monast. 24.

183
Gottfrieding 190.
St. Gotthardt 223.
Gottmadiagen 36.
Göttweih, Abbey 257.
Götsenberg, the 399.
GöUendorf 349.
Govasdia 396.
Grabenstetten 38.
Gräblensberg, the 43.
Gradishte 369.
Grafenajt 184.
Gräfenberg 319. 329.
Gräfendorf 55.
Grafenegg 257.
Graftng 171.

Graflingei^Thal, the 183.
Grafrath 168.
Gramat 349.
Gran 335. 348. 349.
Gran-Nä^na 335. 348.
Gran, the 335. 349. 372.
Granatenwand, the 381.
Gran-Bresnits 372.
Graslitz 303.
Grassemann 79.
Grat 43.
Gratwein 270.
Grats 270.
G ratzen 313.
Graupen 295. SCO.
Greben 360.
Gredistye 396.
Greifendorf 320.
Greifenstein, castle 257.

314.
Grein 264.

Greinbarg , chateau 264.
Greis 62.

Griesbach 179. 182.
Grieskirchen 180.
Grignano 276.
Grigoiiberg, the 399.
Grinzing 246.
Grodek 389.
Grödig 216.
Grönenbach 29.
Grönhard 116.

Grontdorf 111.
Gröflchelmauth 317.
Groschlattengrün 119.
Grossaitingen 168.
Grossalbershof 174.
Gross-Alisch 400.
Grossaltdorf 22.
Grosft-Auheim 61.
Grosscarolinenfeld 172.
Gross-Czemosek 296.
Gross-Enzersdorf 348.
Gross-Gorica 362.
Groas-Heppach 23.
Grosshesellohe 167.
Grossheubach 53.
Gross-Maros 336. 349.
Gross-Meseritsch 317.
Gross-Priesen 815.
Gross-Prüfening 100.
Gross-Sachsenheim 13.
Gross-Siros 370.
Gross-Schenk 400.
Gross-Schlagendorf 880.
Gross-Siegharts 313.
Gross-Siemlng 249.
Gross-Skal 326.
Qross-Sonatag 274.
Gross-UmsUdt 19.
Grosswardein 367.
Gross-Weikersdorf 314.
Gross-Wossek 316. 326.
Grötsingen 16.
Grabberg, the 260.
Grunbach 23.
Grünbaoh , the 60.
Gränberg, the 306.
— , chateau 313.
Grüne Felsen, the 39.
Grünenwörth 63.
Grüne See, the 382.
Grünlas 303.
Grünsfeld 60.
Grünateia 78.
Grünten, the 169.
Grttnwald 168.
Grussbach 322. 823.
GuekhüU 82.
Guglöd 184.
Gumpoldskirchen 244.
Gundelfingea 99.
Guadelsdorf 64.
Guadelshausen 110.
Gundelsheim 19.
Gündlkofen 120.
Gündringen 14.
Gunskirchen 258.
Guntersdorf 318.
Guntramsdorf 244.
Güns, the 118.
Gänz»ch 169.
Günzburg 118.
Gunzenhausen 97. 116.
QurMsäda 395.

Ourein 322.

Gurten 174.

Gutenberg 37.

Gutenbrann 245.

Guteastein 45. 267. 375.

Gütersteia 39.

Gutteaberg 19.

Gutteahof 349.

Gyalir 396.

Gy^res 405.

Gyergyö, the 403.

Gyergyö Atfalu 404.

Gyergy<S Szeat Miklöa403.

GyertyiLmos 363. 405.

Gyetva 372.

Gyögy, the 396.

Gyoma 363.

Gyöngyös 368.

Györ MO.

Györ 8zt. Ivan 350.

Gyorok 395.

Gyula 366.

Gyula Feh^rTir 397.

251.

Haar 171.

Haberstein, the 81.

Habstein 315.

Haderfleck 112.

Hadersdorf 248. 267.

Hadersfeld 257.

Hadhiz 365.

Hafenlohr 54.

Hateerzell 180.

Hagelstadt 119.

Hagenbüehach 59.;

Hagenmühle 96.

Hagi 379. 381.

Hahneakamm, the 6l«

Haidhausea ld7.

Haidhof 119.

Haidiag 181.

Haidsteia 175.

Haimbach 248.

Haiaberg, the 6B^

Haiaburg 333,

Haiafeld 249.

Haia-Säulen, the 53.

Hainstadt 20.

Hiyö 368. r

Halas 361.

Halbachthal, the 249.

Halbstadt-Brauaau 325.

Halicz 360.

Hall (Swabia) 20.

— (Austria) 253.

Hallstadt 66.

Haimai 369.

Halmi d6Q.

Hals 178.

Halterthal. the 248.
(Hameau 247.
«lammelburg 66,

INDEX.

4t9

Hammern >■ Eisenstrass

310.
Hammersdorf 3d9.
Himor 369.
Hamssab^g 355.
Hanau 51.
Hanna, the 928.
Hanadorf 7Ö.
Hans Heiling's Rock 303.
. 906.

Hansjörgl-Berg, tbe 96.
Harassti 361.
Harbatzhofen 170.
Harburg 96.
Hard, the 96.
Hardegg 318.
Hardt, the 35.
Hargiu, the 403.
Harkany 364.
Harsdorf TO.
HarU 366.
Hartenberg 303.
Hartenstein 96.
Hartershofen 113.
Hartmannshof 174.
Haselgraben, the 263.
Hasenberg, the 9. 33.
Haslach 179.
Haspelmoor 118.
Haapelwald 240.
Hasselbach 74.
Hassfurt 72.
Hasslach, the 64.
Haaslau o3.
Hassmersheim 19.
Hätszeg Hts., the 396.

— Valley, the 396.
Hattingen 36.
Hatyan 368.
Hatzfeld 363.
Hausach 34.

Hausen (Franconia) 74.

— (Swabia) 46.
Hausruck, the 268.
Hausstein, the 182. 264.
Hauzenberg 179.
Hayenbach, ruin 180.
Hechingen 41.
Heersberg, the 43.
HenraUija Alts., the 366.

Heidelberg 61.
Heideisheim 12.
Heidenab, the 77. 96. 119.

174.
Heidendorf 406. 407.
Heidenheim 34.
Heidenlöcher, the 60.
Heidingsfeld 113. 60.
Heigenbrücken 63.
Heilbronn 16.
Heilbrunnen 81.
Heilige Berg,, the 809.

Heiligenberg 50. 47.

Heiligenkreuz,abbey243.
246.

Heilig-Kreuz 373.

Heilsbronn 23.

Heimenstein 27.

Heimertingen 29.

Heinrichsgrün 303.

Heinsheim 19.

Heising 29.

U^jäsfalva 401. 404.

Heldenberg, the 314.

Heldsdorf 408.

Helenen-Schacht 303.

Helenenthal, the 246.

Helfenstein, castle (Mo-
ravia) 328.

— , ruin (Swabia) 27.

Hellbrunn, ch&teau 266.

Hellenstein, ruin 24.

Hellmitzheim 69.

Hellpfau 173.

Helmbrechts 63.

Helmstadt 61.

Heitau 399.

Henfenfeld 174.

Henczkö 374.

Herbertingen 29. 46.

Herblingen 36.

Herbrechtingen 24.

Hercules Baths, the 364.

Hergatz 170.

Herlasgrttn 63.

Hermannskogl, the 248.
246.

Hermannskoppe 53.

Hermannstadt 398.

Hemid, the 366. 309. 370.
377.

Herrenalb 16.

Herrenberg 34.

Herrenehiemsee 172.

Herrengrund 372.

Herrlingen 45.

Hermbergtheim 113.

Hermskretschen 296.

Hersbruck 9!6. 174.

Heslach 9. 33.

Hesseiberg 97.

Hesselberger 111.

Hessenthal 21. 32.

Hetzbach 19.

Hetzeldorf 400.

Hetzendorf 242.

Hetzinsel, the 297.

Heubach 19.

Heuberg, the 35.

Heuchelberg, the 13.

HeuchelbergerWarte,the
16.

Heunensäolen, the 63.

H^viz 401.

Hidas-l^^meti 369.

Hidw^g 401.
Hienheim 112.
Hietzing 241.
Hilm-Kematen 250.
Hiltersdorf 175.
Himberg 349.
Himmelkron 64.
Himmelspforte 322.
Hinterbrühl 243.
Hinter-Haimbach 248.
Hinzen Lake, the 381.
Hirsau 15.
Hirschaid 70.
Hirschbachthal, the 96.
Hirschberg 316.
Hirschensprung, the 303.
Hirschenstein, the 183.
Hirschhorn 61.
Hirschlanden 60.
Hlinsko 317.
Hoehanninger 243.
Hochdorf 14. 34.
Hochhausen 19. 60.
Hochpetsch 302.
Höchst 19.
Hochstadt 61. 64.
Höchstädt 96.
Hochstein 319.
Hochwald 377.
Hochzoll 113. 118.
Höd Mezö Väsärhely

366.
Hödnitz 318.
Hof (Bavaria) 63.
-, chateau 348.
Höfen 16.
Höflein 257.
Hohbirch,.the 174.
Hohe Bogen, the 176.
Hohenasperg 18.
Hohenau 179. 323.
Hohendorfer Höhe 312.
Hoheneck, ruin 249.
Hohen-Gundelfingen 99.
Hohenheim 9.
Hohenhöfen 36.
Hohenkarpfen 35.
Hohenkrähen 25.
Hohenmauth 319.
Hohennagold 14.
Hohenneuffen 38.
Hohenrechberg , min 37.
Hohen - Salzburg , fortr.

263.
Hohenstadt (Franconia)

96.
— (Moravia) 819.
Hohenstaufen, the 37.
Hohenstein 179. 356. 296.
— , ruin 96.
Hohenstoffeln 36.
Hohentwiel. ruin 36.
Hohen-Uracn , ruin 88.

27*

420

IKDBX.

Hoheswaag 1MB.
HoheBwittliBgea 88.
Hohensollen, cMtle 12.
Hohe Wacht, the 82.
Hohe Wut«, the 64. 78.
Hohe Wogtrer, the 316.
Höhgau. the 86.
Hohlohthufm, the 16.
Hoierberg. the 171.
Hoireii 173.
Holenbrnmi M. 118.
Holländer DÖifel 347.
Holledan 113.
HöUenbaeh, the 103.
HoUenbnrg 367.
HöUengebirge, the 306.
Höllenstein, the 313.
HöUenthal, the 63. 368.
Holnatein 200.
Holoubkan 810.
Holtsehita-Seeitidtl 803.
Holumbu, the 896.
Holzen, ehäte»n 9B.
Holskirehen 173.
Holxleithen 258.
Homburg, min 56.
Homonna 871. 888.
Homoröd 401. 404.
Homoröd Alma« 401.
Honau 40. 41.
Honbnrg, ruin 86.
Honigberg 408.
Hopfenbaeh, the 113.
Hoppingen vß*
Horatits 801.
Horazdiowitz 813.
Horb 84. 38.
Hörberinc 183.
Borget 897.
Hofitz 336w
Horn 818.

Hornberg, Castle 19.
HoTomltlitz 810.
Hofowitz 800.
Hörschinß 258.
Höabach 63.
Hosskirch 47.
Hosszü-Bet, the 871.
Hostiwaf 324.
Hostiwitz 801.
Hoszüassö 808.
HÖUelsdorf 818.
Houbirch, the 174.
Houschka 316.
Hradek 877.
— , the 296.
Hradisch 819.
Hrastnigg 276.
Hricsö 376.
Hrobetz 297.
St. Hubert 863.
Hühnerkobel, the 184.
Halben 38.

Hullein 838.
Hnminersteia 83.
HunfalTy Hut 881.
— Scharte 881.
Husarentempel , the 348.
Hussinetz 8l8.
Huazt 866.
Hntelbevg, the 863.
Hötteldorf 348.
Hyppersdorf 814.

Xdria376.

Igersberg 176.

Igersheina 33.

Iglau 817.

Iglawa, the 817. 333.

IgliBgl68.

Iglö 977.

Bt. Dgen 13.

lUaya 876.

Hier, the 28. 39. 169. etc

Ulereichen 39.

niertissen 39.

Illingen 18«

Illok 867.

lUyefalya 406.

Um, the 113. 117.

Hz, the 178. 17».

Imeesfalya 408.

Immendingen 86.

Immenteuth 96.

Immenstadt 170.

Immenstadter Hon 170.

Imnau 88.

6zt. Imre 897.

India 862.

Inen, the 408.

Ingolstadt 117.

Inn. the 172. 176. ISi.etc.

Inningen 168.

Innsell 173.

Intra-Prahora 408b

Inzigkofen 46.

Ipf, the 25. 97.

Iphofen 50.

Ipoly, the 848. 840. 873.

Ipolysig 848.

Ipsheim 59.

Iron Gates, the 861.

Irrenlobe 119. 175.

Irrsee, monastery 160.

Isar, the 119. 136. 176. 182.

etc.
Isareck 130.
Isaszegh 868.
Isen, the 173. 183.
Isenburg, caatle 51.
Iser, the 815. 886.
Iserthal 336.
Isny 29.

Isola (near Trieste) 360.
Ilsperbach, the 206.
Ispringen 16.

6zt. IsiTftB 370.
Itterbach, the 19.
Sst. Uim 364.
lyonic 871.
izlas 860.

Jablanicxa 864.
Jablunka Pass 896.
Jabluakan 976.
8t. Jacob am Thum 36^
Jägerhans 9.
Jägermayr, the 202.
Jägemdorf 329.
Jägersburg, the 70.
Jagst, the la 23. 61.
Jagstfeid 18.
Jagstheim 33.
Jagstzell 23.
8zt. Jinos 3B0.
Jänosi 878.
Jarmeriti 817.
JaromJif 335.
Jaroslau 388.
JaskaSG3.
Jassenoya 868.
Jassy 891.
Jiszbertfny 868.
Jassczuröwka 883.
Jauerling,tte 356.
Jayorina 968.
— Siroka, the 888.
Jayomik, the 873.
Jawiszowice 884.
Jechnits 310. 333.
Jedlesee 318.
Jegenye 868»
Jenjf 801.
Jeniowltz 39T.
Jerusalemsinsel, tiie

(Prague) 397.
Jesehkenberg 837.
Jessnita, the 30O.
Jettenbach 181.
Jettingen 118.
Jeaupo]J990.
Jinetz-Genkan 909.
Joaehimsthal 803.
St. Jobst 96.
JochensteiB, the 180.
St. Johann 89. 816^
Jokö 876.
Jordonberg 816.
Josefsdorf, chiteav 346.
Joaefiberg, the 274.
Josefslust 47.
Josefstadt 835.
Josephihütte 813.
Josse 66. 74.
Judendorf 270.
Julian Alps, the 376.
Jungbunzlaa 316. 837.
Jungfernsprung, the !?73.
Jurgoy 38S.

INDEX.

421

Kaaden 302.

Kaal-KApolna 368.

Kaba 365.

Kikger 175.

Kahl 51.

Kahlenberg, the 346. 314.

Kahlenbergerdorf 247.

256. 314.
Kailbach 19.
Kainach, the 273.
Kaining 179.
Kaiseringen 44.
Kalän 386.

Kalenderberg, the 243.
Kaiocaa 365. 961.
Kaisdorf 273.
Kaltbaoh, the 399.
Kaltenbrunn 16.
Kaltenleutgeben 242.
Kalte Rinne, the 269.
Kalufls 388.
Kamaik 315.
Kamenitz 357.
Kämmchen, the 380.
Kammerbühl, the 305.
Kampthal, the 313.
Kandrzin 329. 384.
Kanitz 322.
Kanizsa 352. 354.
Kapella Mta. 352.
Kapellenberg, the 402.
Kapfenberg 2iB9.
Kapfenbnrg, the 25.
Kapps-Höhle, the 84.
Kapsdorf 377.
Kar4c8onyfalva 398.
Karänsebes 364.
Karbitz 296.
Karches 79.
Karezag 367.
Karfunkel Thurm 383.
Karlowitz 357. 362.
Karlsbad (near Mug^U

heim) 60.

— (Bohemia) 305.
Karlsbui^ 65.

— (Transylvania) 387.
Karlstadt 65.
Karlstein, Schloss 309.
Karpfham 182.
Karst, the 276. 356.
KarwiD 376.
Kasan, defile of 360.
— , whirlpool 360.
Kaschau 369.
Kasimierz 987.
Kassa 369.
Kastenreith 260.
K^zon 403.

— Ujfala 408.
Katzenbuckel, the 19.
Katzendorf 401.
Kattowitz 318. 329.

Kaufbeuren 169.
Kaufering 168.
Kaulige Hnbel, the 381.
Kaumberg 249.
Kayarlb-Szakal 364.
Kecskekö, the 397.
Kecskemet 362.
Kefermarkt 313.
KeUberg, the 302. 309.
Kelebia 861.
Kelheim 111.
Kellberg 179.
Kellenberg 45.
Kellmünz 29.
Kematen 258.
Kemmelbach 250.
Kemnath-Neustadt 77.
Kempten 169.
Kende 370.
Kentelka 407.
Kentheim 14.
Kenyermezö 396.
Kerbchen, the 331.
Szt. Kerest 373.
Keresztenyfalva 402.
Keresztes Mezö 405.
Keresztes Vjixid 369.
Keresztur 374.
Kerles 407.
Kernmühle 179.
Kerö 406.
Kerz 400.
Kesmark 382.
Kesmark Koschar, the

383.
Keszthely 352.
Ket^yliiza 363.
Keudi Lona 406.
Kdzdi Väsirhely 403.
Kienberg-<3^aming W.
Kieritzseh 62.
Kierling 247.
Kiev 3W.
Kilehberg 33.
Kindberg 269.
Kinsberg, castle 305.
Kinzig, the 34. 51.
KirälyhAza 366. 371.
Kir^ly-kö, the 402.
Kirily-Lehota 377.
Kirtiytelek 365.
Kirchahom 77.
Kirchberg (Hurrthal) 21,

— (on the Wagram) 257,
Kirchdorf 253.
Kirchdrauf 378.
Kirchehmbach 81.
Kirchenbirkig 88.
Kirchenlaibaeh 77. 96.
Kirehenlamits 80. 118.
KirohentelUnsfurt 31.
Kirchheim 12. 16. 60.

— unter Teck 87.

Kirchschlag 253.
Kirchseeon 171.
Kirchstetten 249.
Kirnachthal, the 60.
Kirschbaumer, Schloss,

the 180.
Kis-B^r 350.
Kis-Diszndd 399.
Kisheney 391.
Kis-Kapus 398.
Kis-Körös 361.
Kis-Ladna 378.
Kislau 12.
Kis-Majt^ny 366.
Kis-Olaszi 377.
Kis-Sebes 368.
Kissingen 72.
Kisslegg 29.
Kis-SzillAs 361.
Kistelek 362.
Kis-Terenne 372.
Kis-^j-SzälUs 367.
Kisutza, the 376.
KisutzarKeustadtl 376.
Kitzingen 58.
Klabawa 310.
— , the 310.
Kladno 301. 302.
Kladrub 319.
Klaflferstrass 179.
Klam, Chat. 254. 269.
Klardorf 119.
KlatUu 310.
Klauenstein, the 183.
Klause, the 243.
Klausenburg 404.
Klautzenbach 184.
Klaj 388.
Klederling 349.
Klein-Auheim 20.
Klein-Hefmanitz 324.
Kleinhesellohe 167.
Kleinheubach 53.
Klein-Hohenheim 9.
Klein-Kahn 295.
Klein-Köpisch 398. 400.
Kleinmünchen 251.
Klein-Ostheim 52.
Klein-Pöohlarn 255.
Klein-Beifling 250.
Kleinskai 326.
Klein-Steinheim 51.
Klein-Stübing 270.
Klein-Umatadt 19.
KleinwaUsUdt 63.
Kleinzell 249. 336.
Kiek, the 858.
Klemenshall 19.
Kiesheim 173.
Klingenberg 53.
Klingenbrunn 184.
Klingenstein 45.
Klingentbal 303.

422

INDEX.

Klöpfelsberg , the 311.
Klosterbers, the 177.
Klo8terfn«b 300.
Klösterle d02.
Klosterneuborg 247. 2S8.

314.
Klampermähle 84.
Kniebis^ the 34.
Knitilingen 12.
Köbinya 338.
KobensI 246.
Kochendorf 18.
Kocher, the 18. 20. 22.

24. etc.
Kocsird 406.
Kocsiir 401.
Kofering 119.
Köhalom 401.
Kohlbacb VaUev, the 380.
Rojetein 828.
Kojetitz 317. 327.
Kokel, the 398. 400. 404.

etc.
Kolbembacb, the 185
Kolibi Podkrivanski 382.
Kolin 316. 319.
Kollbachthal, the 183.
KoUeDberg 53.
Kollmitzbere, the 261.
Kolomea 390.
Koloz8-Kara 406.
Kolozs Monnstor 406.
Kolozsvilr 404.
Kom^rviros 362.
Komburg, abbey 20.
Komoran 329.
Komorn 336.
Komotan 301.
Köngen 31.
König 19.

König Otto's Höhe 308.
Königgrätz 326.
Königinhof 326.
Königsbach 15.
— , the 40.
Königsberg 72. 377.
Königsberg-Mariakulm

303.
Königsbronn 24.
Königsbrannen, the 24.
Königseck 47.
Königsfeld 322.
Königshain 325.
Königshofen 60.
Königshütte 329. 384.
Königsstein, the 402.
Königstein (Saxony) 295.
Königs wald 295.
Königswart 311.
Königswarth 181.
Konop 396.

Konstanzer Ach, the 170
Kopa Magöry, the 388.

Kopa Pass, the 383.
Kopainberg, the 326.
Kopastberg, the 408.
Kopreinitz 352.
Koprova-Spitse, the 381
KörmÖezbänya o73.
Komberg, the 63.
Korneuburg 267. 318.
Kornia 364.
Korn thai 13.
Kornwestheim 13.
Koros 352.
— , the 363. 366.
Korszöw 390.
Körtv^lyes 834.
Korytnica 377.
Koscielee-Spitze, tbe 384
Kosciuszkoberg, the 387
Kosderbach, the 401.
Kössein, the 97. 118.
Kösseine, the 81.
Kostel 323.
Kosten 295. 300.
Köstendorf-I^eamarkt

269.
Kostomlat 316.
Koszieliszko Valley, the

384.
KosztoUnv 375.
Kötegyän *366.
Kotiimaissling 176.
Kotlina Valley 882.
Kotnow 324.
Kotouc 328.
Kottori 274.
Koväszna 403.
Kövesd-Esztergom 349.
Kozärvar 407.
Kozma 371.
Közr^sz, the 403.
Krähberg, the 19.
Kraiburg 182.
Kraichgau, the 13.
Krainerhütten, the 246.
Krakusberg, the 387.
Kra^iova 364.
Kralitz 317.
Kra^evecB 274.
Kralohof 317.
Kralova Hola 377.
KriUovan 376.
Kralup 297.302.
Kraniehsfeld 274.
Krapfenwaldl 246.
Krapina-TöplitB 274.
Krasna, the 366.
Kraane 389.
Kraszna-Horka 373.
Krisznö 376.
Kratzau 327.
Kraoohenwies 47«
Krausenbach 54.
Kreibitz-Neud^rfl 316.

Kremnitz 373.

Krempelstein, castle 180.

Krems 266.

Kremsier 328.

Kremsmünster 253.

Kremsthal, the 253.

Kressebrannen ^(2.

Rressnitz 275.

Kreuz 362.

Kreuzberg. the 74.

Kreuzen 264.

Kreuzenort 329.

Kreuzenstein 267.

Kreuzfeld, the 405.

Kreuzhübel, the 381.

Kreuzungen 49.

Kreuzwertheim 54.

Kriegern 310.

Krieger- Walhalla, the
314.

Krieglach 269.

Krima-Neudorf 302.

Kritzendorf 314.

KrivMia 396.

Krivan, the 381. 382.

Kriviny 372.

Kromau 322.

Krompach 378.

Kronach 64.

Kronstadt 401.

Kronwinkel 120.

Krottensee 96.

Krumau 313.

Krummnussbaum 260.
266.

Krupa 301.

Krynica 370.

Krzecszowice 384.

Kübelbach, the 34.

Kubin 369.

Kubitzen 311.

Kuchalb, the 27.

Knchelbad 309.

Kugelberg, the 38.

Kuhhomberg, the^408.

Kühlenfels 83.

Kukus 326.

Kulm 295. 300.

Kulpa, the 352.

Kandratitz 315.

Kunetitz 319. 325.'

Kün Szt. Hiklös 355.361.

Kupfer 20.

Kupferberg 302.

Kupferhammer, the 334.
I Kuppenburg 82.
Küps 64.

Kurtea de Argis 400.
Kurtics 363.
Kuttenberg 316.
Kuttenplan 312.
Kuttenthal 'S27.
KwassitB 328.

»INDEX.

423

•it

Lsa 322. 323.
Laase 275.
Laber 100.

— , the 100. 110. 119.
Lackenhäuser 179.
Lackenhof 250.
Lacshisa 861.
Lad^bnoe 398.
Ladiny 366.
Ladendorf 322.
Laibaeh 275.
—, the 275.

Laibaoher Moos, the 275
Laiabergf the 274.
Laiz 45.
Lam 175. 185.
Lambach 2SS.
Lana 301.
Lancut 888.
Landau 182.
Landestrost, castle 118.
Landsberg 168.
Landshag 181.
Landshut 119.
— , Burg 120.
Landskron (Bohemia)

319.
— , castle (near Brück)

— , — (Transylvania) 899.
Langenau 24.
Langenauer Thai, the 68.
Langenbach 120.
Langenbmck 174. 327.
Langenbrücken 12.
Langenbrunnen 45.
Langenfeld 59.
Langenisarhofen 176.
Langenlebam 314.
Langenproselten 54.
Langenschemmern 29.
Langenthal 398.
Langentheilen 96.
Langenzenn 59.
Langenwang 269.
Langenzersdorf 318.
Lange Thai, the 82.
Langlau 97.
Langstadt 19.
Langweid 99.
Lanschätz 348.
Lanzendorf 349.
Lipos, the 407.
Laskafalra 367.
LasBing 250.
Szt. Laszlö 407.
8zt. LaszlövAra 405.
Latoreza, the 371.
Lauehheim 25.
Lauda 60.

Laudenbach 22. 63. 65.
Lauenstein 64.
Lauf 95. 174.

Laufach 63.
Laufamholz 174.
Laufen an der Eyach 43.
Lauffen 16.
Lauingen 99.
Laun 302.
Laupheim 29.
Lauter 173.
Lautereck 22.
Lautlingen 43.
Lautschburg 377.
Lawocsne 871.
Laxenburg, ch&teau 243.
Lebring 273.
Lech, the 99. 16S. Ac.
Lechfeld, the 16S.
Legenye-MihälyiSn. 38S.
Legrid 352. 364.
Lehesten 64.
Lehrberg 116.
Leibnitz 278.
Leinleiter Thal 82.
Leipheim 117.
Leipnik 328.
Leitha, the 349.
Leitha Mts., the 267. 349.
Leitmeritz 315.
Lekenik 362.
8zt. Lelek 403.
Lemberg 389.
Lemes 370.
Lemh^ny 408.
Lenninger Thal, the 37.
Leobersdorf 267.
Leobschüts 329.
Leonberg 13.
Leoni 168.

L^opol, see Lemberg.
Leopoldsberg, the 24(S.
Leopoldskron, ch&teau

Leopoldstadt 374.
Lepstfny 361.
Lesece 276.
Leska, the 318.
Less 366.
Lestina 317.
Lettowitz 320.
Leutershausen 22.
Leutkiroh 29.
Lentschau 377.
Liboch 316.
Libotz 301.
LibSitz 297.
LiaS63.

LiJianka, the 868.
Lichtenau 64.
Lichteneck, ruin 175.
Lichtenegg 268.
Lichtenfels 64.
Lichtenstein, ch&teau 40.
Liehtenstern 20.
Lichtenwald 276.

Lieben 319.
Liebenau 327.
Liebenstein 16. 306.
Liebenzell 15.
Liebesohitz 316.
Liebstodtl 328.
Liebwerda 337.
Liechtenstein, ruin 243.
Lierheim 98.
Liesing 242.
Ligne, Hont de 299.
Likavka 377.
Lilienstein, the 295.
Lilijowe Pass, the 381.
Limberg 314.
Lindau 170.
Lindenhart 96.
Lindenhof, the 171.
Lindkogel, the Hohe 245.
Linsenberg, the 35.
Linz 251.
Lipa 325.
Lipotvira 375.
Lippa 895.

Liptö-Szt. Hiklös 377.
Liptö-Bozsahegy 3T7.
Liptö-UjvÄr 377.
Lischan 301.
LiUwa-Thal, the 309.
Litsch 353.1
Littai 275.
Littau 319.
Lobau, the 332.
Lobenstein 329.
Lobositz 296.
Lochenstein, the 43.
Lochhausen 118.
Löchle, the 79w
Lochowitz 309.
Löcse 377.

Löcz-Bresztoviny 374.
Lohberg 184.
Lohhof 121.
Lohr 56.
Loiching 120.
Loitsch 276.
Lökeshäza 363.
Lokve 853.
Lomnitz 324.
Lomnitzer Spitze, the

380. 382.
Lonkau 376.
Lonsee 27.
Lönyabinya 372,
Loosdorf 249.
Loosen 829.
Loquitz, the 6i.
Lorch (Swabia) 24.
Lord 366.
S. Lorenzo 280.
Szt. Lörincz 361.
Losonez 372.
Lossburg 34.

424

INDBX.

Lövö 363.
Löwen 929.
Löwenstein 20.
Labereck 256.
LtibnitEthal, the 63. 78.
Lubochna 376.
Lnesivna 377.
Ladas 368.

Ludwigsbad Wip£eld 71.
Ladwigsburg 13.
Ladwigs-GanaL the 6Ö.

97. 111.
Ladwigahafen 171.
LudwigshaU 18.
Ludwigshöhe, the 8.
Ladwigshöhle, the 83.
Ladwigsstadt 64.
Ladwigflstel]!, the 184.
Ludwigsthal 184. 186.
Ludwigatharm 62.
Lagos 364.
Luhe 119.

Loisenbarg, the 81.
Lakawetz 319.
Landenbarg 883.
Lunz 280.
Lupkow 371.
Lupsa 397.

Laschnitz, the 313. 324.
Lasen, the 180. 184.
Lustnaa 31.
Luzan 390.
LuSna-Lischan 301. 309.

Machendorf 327.
Macocha-Gorge« the 320.
Hid 365. 366.
Mädchenbvrg 334.
St. Magdalena 263.
Mägdeberg 36.
Magöra, the 383.
Magura, the Zipser 383.
Magyar-Boly 367.

— Gorbö 368.

— Läpos 407.

— Nädas 368.
Mährisch-Budwitz 317.
Friedland 329.

— -Neudorf 327.

Ostraa 829.

Maihingen 98.
Main, the 51. 64.
Main, the Bothe 64. 75.

96. etc^
— , the Weisse 64. 78. 79.
Mainau, island of 49.
Mainberg 71.
Mainbernheim 69.
Mainkar 51.
Mainleus 64.
Mainroth 64.
Maisach 118.
Maissau 314.

MiÜl^^l^Hätte, ttie 381.
MaliOesd 396.
Hün^ 403.
Malomviz 396.
Hamming 182.
Hangolding 175.
Hangoldsteia, fortress 98.
Hannhartsberg, the 314.
Manning 256.
Marasesd 391.
Marbach (Baden) 36.

— (Austria) 286.

— (Wurtemberg) 21.
Marburg 273.

Mareh, the 319. 323. 327.

333. 348. 4ui.
Marchegg 348.
Marchfeld, the 241. 322.

S^. 348.
Marchtrenk 253.
Marczeg 376.
Mar^falva 404.
Marein 269.
Margarethen-Insel, the

344. 336.
Margitfalva 378.
Mariabrann 248.
Maria Einsiedel,pUgrii&.-

church 360.
Mariafried 357.
Maria-Grün 272.
Mariahilf 178.
Hariahilfberg, the 100.

175.
Maria-Eulm , provoatry

303.
Maria Piain, pilgrim.-

church 266.
Maria-Badna 395.
Mariaaohein 295. 300.
Maria-Strassengel 270.
Maria-Taferl, pü^im.-

church 255.
Mariathal 334.
Maria-Thereaiopel 367.

361.
Maria-Trost 272.
Marienbad 311.
Marienberg, fortress

(Würzburg) 58.
—, the (Algäa) 169.
Marienburg 401.
Marienklanse 167.
Markelfingen 47.
Markeisheim 22.
Markersdo«r 249.
Marksdorf 37&
Markt 99.
Markt-Bibart 59.
Marktbreit 113.
MarktrEinersheim 69.
Markt-Eisenstain 186.310.
MarktgöUtz 64.

Xarktheidenfeld 54.
MarkÜ 173.
Marküeuthen 118.
Marktoffingen 96.
Harkt-Bedwitz 97. 118.
Markt Bohitsch 2U.
Markt-Schelken 396.
Markt-Schorgaat 6a.
Markt Tüffer 276.
MarkU 173.
Marktzeuln 64.
Marmaros-Sziget 366.
Marcs, the 3^. 36$. 395

398. 406. eU.
Marcs Illye 395.
MaroB-Ludas 406.
Maros-Porto 997.
Maros Szent György 405.
Maros Ujvir 406.
MaroB-Visärhely 406.
Marquartatein 172.
Ilarsbach, eastle 180.
8t. Martin 258.
Mariinlamits 118.
Martinsberg, abbey 350.
UlLrton-Visir 351.
März 363.
Massing 182.
Mastig 326.
Matayun 276.
Mätra Mts., the 348. 368.
Mattersdorf 353.
Mattighofen 173.
Mattffee 269.
Mattuglic 276.
Maubaeh 21.

Mauer (on the ^Neckar) 18.
-^ (near Vienna) 242.
Mauerbach, monast. 248.
Mauerkirchen 173.
Maulach 22.
Maulbronn 12.
St. Mauras 46.
Mautem 256.
Mauth 310.

Mauthhausen 254. 313.
Maxindlianshöhle 96.
Maximilianshütte 119.
Meckenbeuem 30.
Meckesheim 18. 61.
Medias 400.
Medyka 369.
Medves Hills 372.
Meerauge, the 381. 383.
Meeraugen - Spitae , the

381.
Meersburg 4S.
Mehadia 964.
Mehadika 364.
— , the 364.
Mehburg 401.
Mehltheuer 63.
Meja 353.

INDEX.

425

Meidling 242.
Meiningen 75.
Meitingen 99.
Meja m.
Helk 249. 265.
— , the 255.
MeUrichstadt 76.
Melnik 297. 316.
Melsics 375.
Hemmingen 29. 168.
Mengen w.

Mengsdorf, Valley of 381.
Menningen 47.
Menterschwaige 168.
Merczidorf 363.
Mereny 378.
Mergelstetten 24.
Mergentheim 60.
Mering 118.
MerisoT 396.
Merkenstein 267.
Mertingen 99.
Mespelbrunn 54.
Messkirch 47.
Metten 183.
Mettersdorf 408.
Metzingen 31.
Mezö Ber^ny 363.

— Keresztes 367.

— Kövesd 369.

— Laborcz 371. 388.

— Peterd 367.

— Telegd 368.

— Tur 363.

St. Michael 256.
Michaelsberg, the 68.
Michelaubrück 55.
Michelfeld 96.
Michelob 301.
Michelsberg 399.
— . the (near Hersbruck)

— , the (on the Neckar)

16. 19.
MichelsUdt 19.
Michldorf 263.
Mies (SilbersUdt) 312.
— , the 310. 812.
Szt. Mihäly 354.
Szt. Mihalykö 397.
MikeszAsza 398.
Szt. Miklös 350.
Mikola 366.
Miknla 406.
Milanovatz 360.
Mileschauer, the 300.
Milin 309.

Militärgrenze, the 367.
Militics 367.
Milostin-Kuonowa 301.
Miltepberg 63.
Mindel, the 118.
Mindelheim 168.

Minneburg 19.
Minning 173.
Miramar, chat. 280.
Miriszlö 406.
Mirowitz 309.
Mirschkofen 119.
Miskolez 369.
Mislitz 322.
Mislye 370.
Mistelbach 322.
Mistelgau 77.
Mitrowitz 362.
Mittag, the 170.
Mittelgebirge, the Bohe

mian 296.
Mittelsinn 54.
Mitten 161.
Mitterdorf 269.
Mitterteich 63.
Mixnitz 270.
Mlinica Valley, the 381.
Mnlchowitz 324.
Mochenwangen 30.
Möokmühl 18. 61.
Modem 374.
Mödishofen 118.
Mödling 242.
Mödritz 323.
Mögeldorf 174. 95.
Mögglingen 24.
Moha 350.
Mohics 366.
Mohelka, the 327.
Möhringen 36.
Mokrin 363.
Mokropetz 309.
Moldau, the 297. 283.

309. 316. &c.
Mollwitz 329.
Molniri 354.
Mönchsberg, the 263.
Mönchsdorf 405.
Mondfeld 63.
Monor 362.
Hoör 360.

Moosbaohthal, the 79.
Moosburg 120.
Moosham 175.
Morava, see March.
Morawa, the 369.
Morawan 319.
Moritzberg, the 174.
Morlesau 55.
Morzg 260.
Mosbach 61.
Moschganzen 274.
Mosciska 389.
Mosony 349.
Mössingen 41.
Mösskirch 47.
Mostau-Nebanitz 304.
Möttingen 98.
Mssana 389.

Mückenthürmchen , the

300.
Müdesheim 65.
Muggendorf 82.
Muggia 280.
Müglitz 319.
Mühlacker 13.
Mählbach 97. 397.
Mühlberg, the 44.
Mühldorf 173. 182.
Mühlen 33.
Mühlfraun 318.
Mühlhausen (Swabia) 36.

— (Franconia) 55.

— (Bohemia) 297.
Mühlheim 45. 51.
Mühlingen 47.
Mühllacken, Bad 181.
Mümling, the 19.
Mämling-G^umbach 19.
Münchberg 63.
Münchengrätz 327.
Münchsmünster 112.
Munderfing 173.
Munderkingen 46.
Munich 121.

Academy of Art 133,

— of Science 164.
Allerheiligenhofkirche

130.
Alte Hof, the 133.

— Residenz, the 128.
Anatomy Building 165.
Antiquarium 157.
Arco-Zinneberg, Palace

131.

Arcades 130.

Arsenals 162. 165.

Art-Industrial Institu-
tion 164.

— School 157.
Art-object«, ecclesiasti-
cal 125.

Art Union 180.
Auer Kirche 166.
BasiUca 162.
Baths 122.
BavarU 166.
Blind Asylum 133.
Botanical Garden, the

162.
Brienner-Strasse 137.
Bronze Foundry 161.
Cabinet of Coins 164.

— of Drawings 153.

— of Engravings 153.

— of Vases 163.
Cattle Market 165.
Cemeteries 166.
Coach Houses, Royal

131.
Collection.ofFossilsl64.

— of Minerals 164.

426

INDEX.

Manich :

Collection of Phys. and

Opt. InstmmentB 164.
— , Zoological 164.
Corn HaU 165.
Court Chapel IdO.
Crystal Palace 162.
English Chapel 124. 131.
English Garden 167.
Ethnograph. Museum

130.
ExhibitiODfl of Art 125.
— of Exports 164.
Exhibition Building

160
Feldhermhalle 131.
Festsaalbau 128.
Fischbrunnen 163.
Frauenkirche 163.
Ga3teigPromenade9l37.
Giesing Church 166.
Glass-Painting 125.
Glyptothek 157.
Government Buildings

134.
Gyneelogical Institute

165.
Haidhausen 137.
Hall of Fame 166.
Herzog-Hax-Burg 164.
Hofbräuhaus 122. 134
Hofgarten 130.
Holy Ghost, Church of

the 165.
Hospital, General 165
Isar Bridge 166.
Isar Gate 166.
8t. John 137.
Karlsthor 164.
Königsbau 129.
Landtagsgebäude 164.
Library 131.
Ludwigsbrücke 166.
Ludwigskirche 132.
Ludwigsstrasse 131.
Mail linger Collection

166.
Mariahilfkirche 166.
Marien-Platz 162.
Market, Victual 165.
Marstall 131.
Mary, Column of 162.
Maternity Hospital 165
Maximilianeum 138.
Maximiliansstrasse 134
Max-Josephs-Platz 127
Max-Joseph-School 183
St. Michaers Church

164.
Military Museum 162.
Mint, the 184.
Museum of PlasterCasts

130. I

Munich:
Kational Museum 134.
Nat. Hist. Collection

164.
Nibelungen Frescoes

129,
Nymphenburg 167.
Obelisk 137.
Observatory 167.
Odeon 181.
Palace, Royal 127.

— of Prince Luitpold
131.

— of Duke Max 131.
Panoramas 157. 166.
Pathological Institute

166.
St. Peter's Church 163.
Pinakothek, New 164.
-, Old 138.
Polytechnic School 157.
Porcelain Paintings 161.
Post Office 133.
Priests' Seminary 133.
Promenaden-Platz 163.
Propylaea 160.
Protest. Church 166.
Bail waySUtionl21 . 124.
Rathhaus, New 162.
-, Old 162.
Reiche Capelle 128.
ReichenbachBridgel66.
Residenz, Alte 128.
Ruhmeshalle 166.
Schack's Collection 160.
Schwanthaler Museum

166.
Sendlinger-Strasse 166.
Siegesthor 133.
Slaughter House 166.
Statue of Deroy 134.

— of Fraunhofer 134.

— of Gärtner 166.

— of Gluck 164.

— of Goethe 164.

— of Klenze 166.

— of Kreitmayr 164.

— of King Max Joseph
127.

— King Maximilian II.
136.

— of Elector Maxim. I.
137.

— of Elector Max Em-
anuel 164.

— of Lewis I. 131.

— of Liebig 165.

— of Orlando di Lasso
164.

— of Rumford 134.

— of Schelling 184.

— of Schiller 187.

— of Westenrieder 164.

Munieh:

Thai, the 166.

Theatine Church 131.

Theatres 124. 129. 130.
166.

Treasury 128.

University 133.

War Office 131.

WittelBbaeh Palace 137.
Munkies 371.
Münnerstadt 74.
Mur, the 270. 271. 864. etc.
Mürau 319.
Mura Keresztör 274. 362.

354.

Murgthal, the 34.
Mur-Insel, the 274.
Murr, the 21.
Murrhardt 22.
März, the 269.
Miirzcuschlag 269.
Mnszyna 370-
Mylau 62.

Vab, the 96. 100. 119.
Nabburg 119.
Nabresina 276.
Nachod 825.
Nädas, the 368.
Nad Koflinou 384.
üiagold 14.
Nagold, the 14.
Nagy-AUÄ« 361.

— Banya 407.

— B^licz 3)8.

— Bicae 376.

— Czeng 363.

— Diaznöd 399.

— Enyed 406.

— G^res 371.

— Ida 405.

— Igmind 360.

— Iklöd 406.

— Kiroly 366.

— Kikinda 363.

— Koros 362.

— Marton 363.

— Mihaly 871.

— Selyk 398.

— Szalancz 371.

— Szeben 398.

— SzöUös 371.

— Szölös 400.

— Szombat 374.

— Viirid 367.
NagvÄg 396.
Nakfi-Netolitz 313.
Namiest 817.
Nannhofen 118.
Napagedl 328.
Nasenbach, the 181.
Naszdd 408.
Natternberg, the 176. 182.

INDEX.

427

Kebelhöhle. the 40.

Nebringen 34.

Neckar, the 10. 19. 31.34.

61. etc.
Neckarburken 61.
Neckarelz 19. 61.
Neckargemünd 18. 61.
Neckargeraeb 61.
Neckarbausen 34. 61.
Neckarsteinacb 61.
Neckarsalm 18.
Neckarthailfingen 31.
Neckarzimmern 19.
Nedetz 376.
Negoi, tbe 400.
Neidenstein 45. 61.
Neidingen 34.
Neidstein 174.
Neisse 329.
— , tbe 327. 329.
Nellmersbacb 21.
N^met-Boly 354.
Nendza 329.
Nenzingen 47.
Nepolokontz 390.
Nepomuk 313.
Neratowitz 327.
Nersingen 117.
Nescbwitz 315.
Nestersitz 295.
Nesmübl 335.
Nettingsdorf 253.
Netzscbkau 62.
Neu-Aigen 314.
Neu-Arad 363.
Neubau 175.
Neuberg 61.
Neubruck 250.
Neuburg 113.
— , abbey 61.
Neudeck, ruin 82.
Neudenau 18. 61.
Neudorf 54. 348. 377.
Neudörfel 296. 353.
Neuenbürg 15.
Neuenmarkt 64. 75.
Neuenreuth 96.
Neuenstein 20.
Neuem 310.
Neu-Gssing 111.
Neufabm 119. 121.
Neufeld 850.
Neuffen 38.
Neufra 35.

Neubaus, castle (on the
Danube) 181.

- (Bavaria) 96.

— (Baths) 74. 374.
Neuhäusel 818. 348.
Neuhausen 86.
Neuhof 313.
Neuhofen 253.
Neuhütte 1 184.

Neu-Kelhdm 111.
Neukirchen 174. 258.
Neulengbach 249.
Neu-Lublau 370.
Neumark 62.
Neumarkt (Austria) 174.
180. 259.

— (Hungary) 379. 384.

— (on the Rott) 182.

— (on the Sulz) 100.

— (Transylvania) 405.
Neu-Holdova 359.
Neundorf 62.
Neunkirchen 268.
Neunmühlen 318.
Neu-Oetting 173.
Neu-Offingen 118.
Neu-Orsova 361.
Neu-Paka 326.
Neu-Pest 336.
Neu-Reichenau 179.
Neu-Sandez 370.
Neusattel 303.
Neusatz 357.
Neu-Schmeks 380.
Neusiedl 323. 349.
Neusiedler-See, the 349.

353
Neusohl 372.
Neusorg 96.
Neustadt an der Aisch 59.

— am Main 54.

— (Franconia) 74.

— (in the Odenwald) 19.

— an der Donau 112.

— (near Stuttgart) 21.

— (Transylvania) 402.

— an der Waldnab 119.
-, Wiener 267. 353.
Neustadtl 314.
Neustädtle 21.
Neustrasohitz 301.
Neu-8zöny 334. 350.
Neutitscbein 328.
Neutra 348.

Neutra Mts., the 348. 375.

376.

Neu-Ulm 28. 17.
Neu-Waldegg 247.
Nezamislitz 323.
S. Nicolai (on the Dan

ube) 254.
Niederbiegen 30.
Niedergrund 295. 314.
Niederlauer 74.
Niedemau 38.
Niederranna 180.
Nieder- Sonthofer See,

the 169.
Niederstetten 22.
Nieder-Stotzingen 24.
Niefern 14.
Niemes 315.

Nikolsburg 323.
Nimburg 316.
Nollendorf 295. 300.
Nonnberg, monastery 264.
-, the 177.
Nordendorf 99.
Nordheim 16.
Nördlingen 97.
Nösner Land 407.
Noth, the 250.
Novoszello 357.
Novybrad 320.
Nufringen 34.
Nuremberg 84.

St. Aegidius ,Church of
92.

Bridges 87*

Bronze-Foundry 92.

Burg 91.

Cemeteries 92.

Deutsche Haus, the 92.

Dürer's House 91.

— Statue 90.
Fortifications 87.
Frauenkirche 88.
Frauenthor 87.
Gänsemännchen 83.
Germanic Museum 93.
Gewerbe-Museum 88.
Grübel Fountain 88.
Gymnasium 92.
Heiligkreuz-Capelle 92
Holzschuher Chapel 92.
Industrial Museum 88.
St. James's Church 92.
Koberger's House 92.
Krafft's Stations 92.
Landauer Monastery 93.
Law Courts 90.

St. Lawrence, church

87
Library 91.
Manufactories 95.
St. Maurice 90.
Maxfeld 95.
Melanchthon''s Statue

92.
Museum 98.
Nassauer Haus 88. 93.
Nat. Hist. Museum 92.
Palm's House 90.
Pirkheimer'B House 88.
Private Houses 93.
Bail. Station 87.
Rathhaus 89.
Rosenau 95.
Rotermundt Collection

93.
Sachs's House 88.

— Statue 88.
St. Sebaldus 89.
Schöne Brunnen 88.
Spittler Thor, the 92.

428

INI>£X.

Naremberg :

Stitdtpark 96.

Stadtwaee 90.

SyBAgogu« S&.

Theatre 85. 88.

Thiergärtaer-Tbor, the
92.

Towers 87.

TugendbranBen 88.

ViMher^a Honae 88.

War Monument 88.

Wi88'0 HouM 88.
Nuremberg SwiUeriimd

96.
T^ürschan 310.
Nürtingen 81. 38.
NuMdorf 246. 314. 401.
Nttsshard, the 79.
Nu08hau0en 111.
Nyarädtö 406.
Ny^k 361.
Nyek-IiidhAsa 369.
NyiregyhAea 365.
Nymphenburg, chateau

Nyujiod 403.

Ob&na 280.
Ober-AilBfeld 83.
Oberau 111.
Ober-Breitenau 183.
ObereilU 274.
Oberdachstetten 115.
Oberdorf 169.
Ober-Eichstädt 116.
Ober-Frauenau 184.
Obergeorgenthal 295.
Ober-Oerspitz 323.
Obergrund 285. 314.
Obergänsbu^ 169.
Oberhaid 72.
Oberhaus , fort 178.
Oberhansen (Swabia) 40.

99. 118.
Oberhohenberg, the 48.
OberhoUabrunn 318.
Oberholzheim 29.
Oberkapfenberg 269.
Ober-Kirchberg 29.
Oberkochen 24.
Oberkotzau 63. 118.
Oberlaibach 275.
Oberland 260.
Ober-Langenstadt 64.
Oberleitensdorf 295.
Oberlenningen 38.
Obermarchthal, monaat

46.
Obermeialing 266.
Obermichl 180.
Obemau 53.
Obemberg 173.
Obemburg 53.

Obemdorf 34. 110.
Obemdorf - Sohweiitfnrt

55. 71. 72.
ObemiU 901. 302.
Obemsell 180. 179.
Oberrad 51.
Oberreitnau 170.
Obenchmeien 44.
Obei^SedUta 296.
Obentaufen 170.
Oberstüun 117.
Ober 8t. VeU 248.
Ober^Theres 71.
ObertranbUng 119. 175.
Obertnrkheiai35.
Oberwappenöat 96.
Oberwerm 72.
Obenriesenthal 802.
Obei^WUdoB 273.
Oberzeil (nearFriedriehs-

bafen) 30.
— (on Üie Main) 55.
Ober-Zwieaelan 184.
Obrawa, the 317. 322.
Obrowita 322.
Ochenbrock 100.
Ochsenburg 249.
Ochsenfurt 113.
Ochsenkopf, the 79.
Ochsenwang 27.
Odenwald, the 19.
Oder, the 328.
Oderberg 329. 376. 384.
Odessa 890.
Oedenburg 353.
Oede Thal, the 320.
Oedwies 183.
Oehringen 20.
Oelsnita 63.
Oelsnitz, the 78.
Oetscher, the 250.
Oetting, Alt and Neu 173.
Oettingen 97.
Ofen SU.
Offenau 18.
Offenbach öl.
Offlngen 118.
Ogulin 362.
ö Gradina 360.
Ohebach, the 182. 183.
Ohlau 329.
Ohm, the 20.
Okrischko 317.
OkroQlita 317.
Ojtosz Pass, the 403.
Ol^hfalu 404.
Olih Szent György 408.
Olih-Ujfalu 405.
Olehing 118.
Olgahöhle, tlie 41.
Olmütz 328.
Olsa, the 876.
01t6, the 399.

Ompoly Valley, ihe 397.
Opatowits 325.
Oppa, the 389.
Oppaliof-Stettin 339.
Oppeln 329.
Oppenau 84.
Oppenweiler 21.
Opponits 250.
Oravitea 363.
Oresidorf 363.
Ordas355.
Orlö 370. 388.
Oroshixa 366.
Oroszfalu 403.
Orosalimos 363.
OrossMakö 375.
Orsova 361. 364.'
Ossegg, abbev 296. 300.
Osser, the 185.
Osterburg 249.
OsterburlKen 60. 18.
Osterhofea 176.
Ostermnnchen 171.
Osterva, the 8S1.
Ostra Kratka 382.
Ostrach 47.
Ostrova 359.
St. Oswald 179. 184.
Oswaldshöhle, the 82.
Oswiecim 384.
Ottendorf 22.
Ottensheim 181.
Ottensoos 174.
St. OttUia 254.
Ottynia 390.
Otzing 182.
Oufinowes 324.
Ovar 376.
Owen 37.

Paar, the 112.
Pac8a354.
Paks 355.
Palinka 357.
Palenica 383.
Pilfalva 372.
Palics 367.
Palote 349.
Pancsova 359.
Pappenheim 116.
Parajd 404.
Pardubitz 319. 325.
Pirishiza 377.
Pirkiny 335.
Parksteinhütten 77.
Pamdorf 348.
Parsberg IDO.
Parsch 266.
Parsehnits 325. 326.
Partenstein 53.
Pascani 391.
Pasing 118. 168.
Passarowit» 359,

INDEX.

42»

Passau 176.

rPest-Ofen:

Pisetö 872.
Patria, the 381.
Pauli» 896.
Pavlowa 882.
PayerlMi«h 268.
Paeüa, 0 and Uj 863.
PeJiek 319.
Pecka 826.
P^cs 862.
Peczel 868.
Peggau 270.
Pegnitz 96.

-,tb6 09.87.9».96. 174
Peipen 295.
Pek, the 859.
PelsöcB 373.
Penzing 241. 248.
Peraeh 173.
Perlieiiylk 371.
Perbete 348.
Percbtholdadotf 242.
Perifl« 409.
Peiji^mos 863.
Pernegg 270.
Peninj 400.
Penehliiicbaeh, the

24».
Persenhevf , eMil» 265.
Pest-Ofen 838.

Academy 389.

— of Murie 848.

Agrienltnral IhiMiim

m

AndraMy-Strasae 348.
ATeoaSU.
Arsenal 346.
Artesian Well 844.
Auwinekel 388. 847.
Bastei Promenade 846.
Baths 947. 838.
Blocksberg 846.
BoUnic Garden 842.
Calvin-Plats 842.
Chemical Laboratory

344.
Clinieal-Instltirtion842.
Custom House 341.
Drawing School 844.
Educational MuMMmi

843.
Elevator 841.
Elisabeth-Plats 848.
Esterhazy Oallery 889
Exchange 841«
Exhibition 844.
Fairs 9U.
Portress 345.
Frans-Joseph»^ata

Pest-Ofen:

Franz-JoSephi^Qttai
Franzstadt Chuivh 342.

Garrison Church 346.
Georgsplata 845.
Greek Church 841.
Hauptpfarrkix«he 346.
Hentzi Monnmeni 846.
House of Deputies 343.
Insurance Company

341.
Inralid Hosjpltal 348.
Karls-Kaseme 348.
Künstlerhaus 348.
Landes - Zeichenschule

344.
Landhaus 349.
Leopoldstadt Church

843.
Lloyd's 841.
Ludoviceum 3tö.
Margarethenbraeke

344.
Xargarethec-Insel 844.
Matthiaskirche 346.
National Museum 842.
Keugebäude 848.
Opera 886. 843.
Orczy Garden 838. 242.
Palace. Royal 845.
Pl^siologicid Institute

Picture Gallery, Nat.
839.

Polytechnic School 843.

Post Office 838. 843.

Protestant Church 345.

BaUway Brfdee 846.

Raitzenstadt 846.

Bikosfeld 344.

Bathhaus, new 841.

-, old 841.

Redonte - Buildings
341.

Beformed Church 342.

Schwabenberg 846.

Slaughter House 842.

Stadthaus 846.

Stadt-Pfarrklrche 841.

Stadtwäldchen 8U.

Statue of Archduke Jo-
seph 348.

— of Deik 341«

— of BdtTds 841.

— of Petöfl 841.

— of Sz^heuTi 840.
Steinbruch 838.
Suspension Bridge 344.
Synagogues 84&
Sz^chenyi Promenade

848.
Technological Institute

843.
Theatres 888. 843.
Turkish Chapel 347.

Veterinary Institute
843.

Waitzner Bouleyard
343.

Wharves 347.

Zoological Garden 344.
St. Peter (on the Danube)

261.
— (Karst) 276.
Petersburg 810.
Petershansen 117.
Petershöhle, the 46.
P^tervärad 367.
Peterwardein 367. 362.
Petronell 332.
PetroszILn 397.
Petrowitz 320. 384.
Petrozseny 896.
Pettou 274.
Pfaffenhofen 117.
Pfa£fenstein, the 82.
Pfahl, the 183.
Pfahlrain, the 112.
Pfalzau, the 249.
Pfannberg, chateau 270.
Pfarrkirchen 182.
Pfinz, the 15.
Pflaumloch 25.
Pforzen 169.
Pforzheim 14.
Pfreimt 119.
PfuUendorf 47.
Pfullingen 40.
Philippsruhe, eh&teau 61.
Piatra Capri, the 397.
Pielach, the 249. 266.
Pieniny. the 888.
Pilis 362.
Pilkau 300.
Pilsen 810.
Pilsenetz 813.
Pilsting 120. 182.
Pirano 280.
Pirk 62.

Pirkenhammer 306.
Pima 294.
Pisek 809. 328.
PiSely 324.
Piski 396.
Pistyin 376.
PiSBke 336.
Pitesti 364. 400.
Plan 324.
Plan-Tachau 812.
Plase 353.

Plassenburg, the 64.
PlasB 310.

Platnersberg, Schloss 95.
Platte, the 212,
Plattensee, the 351.
Plattling 176. 182.
Plauen 62.

430

INDEX.

Pleinfeld 97.
Pleiiftting 176.
Plochingen 26. 31. 37.
Ploeaci 406.
Plüderhansen 24.
Poarto 402.
PöchUn 250. 256.
Pocking 182.
Podbaba 297.
Pod Bansko 382.
Podenam 310.
Podgune 387. 388.
PodhoTce. the 390.
Podhorn, the 312.
Podiebrad 316.
Podl^e 388.
Podol 327.
PodapadI 383.
Poduplaaki Valley 884.
Podwoloczyska 390.
Pohl 328.
Poik, the 276.
Pokölaar 408.
Pola 276.
Polep 316.
PoleschowitB 32&
Politz 314.
PoUan Mto., the 323.
Polna 317.
Polnische Kamm, the

380.
Polstraa 274.
St. Polten 249. 267.
Pöltschach 274.
Polndnica, the 377.
Polzen, the 314.
Pommelsbrann 174.
Ponholz 119.
Poppenhansen 72.
Popper, the 381.
Popper-See, the 381.
Popr^ 377. 380.
— , the 3T7. 382.
Poronin 383.
Poh&n 319.
Porto Orientalis 364.
PonunbäLk 400.
Poscharewats 359.
Posing 175.
Posruck, the 278.
PossitB 818.
Possnitx 273.
Postbaner 100.
Postelberg 301.
Pösüingberg. the 253.
Potaeherad 901.
Pottenbnuin 249.
Pottendorf 349.
Pottenstein 83.
Pottenstein- Bemdorf

249.
Pottschach 268.
P<>ts80ha 294.

Poysdorf 322.
Prag, the 14.
Prägarten 313.
Pragerhof 274.
Pragstein 254.
Prague 281.

Academy of Art 286.

Altneusehule 292.

Altstadt 283.

AH-Indttstfial School

Barracks 290.
BaumgaHen 282. 290.
BeWedere 290.
Belvedere Promenades

282. 287. 280.
Bethlehems-PlatE 286.
Bohemian Museum

291.
Botanic Garden 298.
Burg 289.
CapuehiB Monastery

190.
Carlsbrüeke 285.
Carlshof Church 292.
Carlsplats 291.
CaroUnenthal 292.
Carolinum 285.
Cathedral 288.
Charles IV., Statue of

285.
CivU Courts 283.
dam Oallas Palace

Collegium Clementi-

num 284.
Custom House 283.
88. Cyril and Metho-
dius, Church of 293.
Czemin Palace 290.
Deaf and I>umbAsy Inm

292.

Emaus, Church of 292.
Francis I., Monum. of

286.
Franzensquai 286.
Frans-Josephs-Brücke

287.
Fräuleinsttft 289.
Fürstenbe^ Palace

287.
Gartenbau-Oesellschaft

292.
St. George, Church of

289.

,' Stotue of 289.

Govemor^s House 287
Graben 291.
Grosse Bing 283.
Hospitals 292.
Hradschin 288.
Imperial Garden 290.
Jvvrs' i^uarter 292.

Prague:!
Jewish Burial Ground

292.
Jungmann''s Monument

291.
Kaiser-Franz-Brncke

286.
Kettensteg 286.
Kinsky Palace 284.
— , Vaia 293.
Königshof 288.
Kronprinz-Budolf An-
lagen 287.
Lobkowito Palace 289.
St. Loretto Chapel 290.
Maria de Victoria 287.
St. Maria Schnee 291.
Mariensäule 283. 288.
MiliUry Hospital 291.
Naprstek^i Museum

%6.
National Museum 291.
St Nepomuc, SUtne of

285.
Keustadt 290.
St. mcholaa 287.
Kostitz Palace 287.
Palacky-Brücke 286.
HctoxeGaUery, the 286.
Police Office 291.
Provincial Diet 287.
PubUc Park 291.
Pnlverthurm, the 283.
Radetzky Monument

287
BaUway-Stations 281.

283.
Bathhaus 284.
— of the Neustadt 291.
Beichsthor 290.
Budolfinum 286.
Budolfs-Quai 286.
Sandthor 290.
Savings Bank 291.
Schlik Palace 291.
Schlossstiege 287. 28».
Seliütien-InMl 282.
Smichow 298.
Sophien-Insel 282.
Stem 294.

Strahow, abbey 290.
Technical School 291.
Teynkirche 284.
Theatres 282. 286. 291.
St. Thomas's Church

287.
University 285.
TJrsuline Church and

Convent 291.
Volksgarten 290.
yylefarad292.
Wallenstein's Palace

287.

INDEX.

431

Prague :

St. Wenzel's Ohurch
2d3.

Wenzels-PIatz 291.

White Hill 294.
Prahova, the 406.
Pram-Haag 174.
Prambach, the 258.
Pramthal, the 180. 258.
Praskowitz 296.
Predeal 406.
PredigtstuhL the 183.
Predjal 402.
Predm^p 376.
PfedmJiHtz 325.
Predni-Handel 382.
Pregarten 313. .
Premstetten, caatle 273.
Prerau 328. 323.
Presbaum 249.
Preschen 302.
Pressath 77.
Pressburg 333. 348.
Pressnitz 302.
Prestitz 310.
Prestranek 276.
Preszaka 397.
Pretsfeld 81.
Pribilina 384.
PHbislau 317.
Pribram 309.
Prien 172.
Prienthal, the 172.
Priesen 301.

Priglevitza Szt. Ivan 367.
Primthal, the 35.
Prinzersdorf 249.
Phvor 816. 327.
Probstzella 64.
Promontor 361. 355.
Prosecco 276.
Protivin 309. 313.
Pniehna 884.
Prüfenine 100. 110.
Pruskau 376.
Prnth, the 390. 391.
Przemysl 388.
Przeworsk 388.
Puchheim 259.
Pttchl 269.
Puohftein 809.
Pnchö-Kocskocs 375.
Püj 396.
Pnlkau 314.
PuUach 168.
PüUna 302.
Pulsnitz, the 314.
Punkwa-Thal, the 320.
Puntigam 273.
Pürbach-Schrems 313.
Pärglitz 301.
Purgstall ^^.
rurkemorf 248.

Püspök-Ladäny 365. 367.
Puszta PÖ 363.
Puszto-P^teri 362.
Putim 309.
Putnok 373. 374.
Püttlach, the 83.

Quakenschloss, the 82.
Quamero, gulf of 276.

Raab 350.

-, the 273. 350. 354.
Rabeneck, castle 83.
Babenecker Thai, the 83.
Rabenstein, castle (Fran-
conia) 83.

— (Bavar. Forest) 184.

— (on the Altmühl) 111.

— (on the Mur) 270.
— , cavern 83.
Rachel, the 184. 179.
Rachelsee, the 184. 179.
Radbusa, the 310.
Radenau 408.
Radersdorf 112.
Badldorf 175.
Radna 396.
Radnitz 310.
Radolfzell 47.
Radotin 309.
Radymno 388.
Radzim, the 374.
Radziwilow 389.
Raigem 323.
Rain 99. 113.
Rainerkogel, the 272.
Raistenberg, the 323.
Raitersaich 23.
Raitz 820.

Rakadoheey, the 404.
Rakamaz 365.
Rakek 275.
Rakonitz Valley 301.
Räkö-Priböcz 373.
Bäkos 368.
Rama 369.
Rammingen 24.
Ramsau, the 249.
Ranariedl 180.
Bandeck 27. 111.
Rank 370.
Rann 275.
Ranna 96.
Rappenau IS.
Bappolitz 317.
Rasehenberg, ruin 173.
Raschitz-Pisek 313.
Baspenau 327.
Bathen 294.
Batibor 329.
Batiborer-Hammer 329.
Batisbon 105.
Batschitz 302.

Batzersdorf 374.
Bauberhof 27.
Raudnitz 297.
Rauhe Alb, the 27.
Rauhe Kulm, the 76. 183.
Rauheneck, ruin 245.
Rauhenstein , ruin 245.
Raupen-Seen, the 384.
Rauschik 37». 381.
Rausnitz 323.
Ravensburg 30.
Raxalp, the 268.
Rechberg, the 36.
Rechensöldenfelsen, the

184.

Bechtenbach 54.
Rechtenstein 46.
ReJlkowitz 322.
Redl-Zipf 259.
Rednitz, the 23. 59, 97.
Redwitz 64.
Regelsbrunn 332.
Regen 183.
Regen, the 101. 119. 175.

183. 184.
Regensburg, see Ratis-

bon.
Regenstauf 119.
Regnitz, the 65. 71.
Rehau 63.
Rehdörfel 316.
Reichelsdorf 97.
Reichenau 47. 268. 327.
Reichenbach (Saxony)

62.

— (Wurtemberg) 16. 21.
26.

Reichenberg (Bavaria)
60.

— (Bohemia) 327.

— (Wurtemberg) 21.
Reichenburg 275.
Reichenhall 173.
Reichenhard 313.
Reichenschwand 95.
Reichertshausen 117.
Reichertshofen 117.
Reicholzheim 60.
Reichstadt 815.
Beisalpe, the 249.
Beischdorf 302.
Beisensburg, castle US.
Beistenhausen 53.
Beka Caverns 276.
B^käs 364.
Bekawinkel 249.
Bems, the 21. 23. 24.
Bemsthal, the 21. 23.
Ben2 301.
Benningen 13.
Elentwertshausen 75.
Beps 400. 401.
Beschenstein, ruin 175*,

432

INDBX.

B^tfala 363.
Be^ez»tf the 396.
Betide 407.
Beiz 318.
Betzbach 66.
Beassen 899.
Beusaenatein 27.
Beut 81.
Beath 68. 119.
Beutlingen 31.
B^v368.

ftewnitz 309.

Bezat , tiie Franconian

23. §7. 116.
— , the Swabian 97.
Bhine, the 48.
Bhine , the Falls of the

36
Bhon Mts., the 74.

j^i^an 324.
Bied 174. 268.
Biedau 180.
Biedeaburg HI.
Biedlingen 46.
Biegenbnrg, eaitle 273.
Bies 179.
Biea, the 96. 26.
Biesenburg, ndn (Bohe-
mia) 300. 310.
— , the (Franconia) 82.
Bietenau 21.
Bietheim 36.
Biglaareuth 96.
Bima, the 373.
Bimasz^cs 373.
Bimaszombat 378.
Bimnik 400.
Bineck 64.
Binholetz 301.

Aipberg, the 297.
Bisstissen 29.
BitschenhauBen 75.
Bockenbrunn 174.
Bedach, the 64.
Bodenbach 64.
Boding 176.
Bogözno 388.
Bohitech 274.
Bohr 263.

Bohrbach 182. 328. 863.
Bohrbmmi 64.
Bohrenfeld 113.
Böhrmoos 117.
Boigheim 61.
Bokitzan 810.
Boman 391.
Bomanshom 171.
Bömerbad 275.
Bömerschanze, the 366.
Bönasz^k 366.
Bopczyce 388.
Borschach 171.

Boaa-Rtitle 880.
Bosberits 325.
Boachoan 328.
Bosenaa (Hangarv) 373.

— (on the Ybba) 280.

— (Transylvania) 408.

— Valley, the 402.
Bosenbaeh 116.
Bosenberg 60. 84. 174.

272. 376. 406.
Bosenburg, the 111. 300.

314.
Bosenheim 172. 181.
BosenmülIer> Höhle 82.
Bosenstein, chateau (near

Stuttgart) 10.
~, the (near Aalen) 24.
Bosenthal-i^^ranpen 296.
Böslan 80. 96. 118.
Bossatz 266.
Bossbach 68.
Bossberg 29.
Bossberg, the Dettinger

38.
BossitB 317.
Bossstall 128.
Bosznyö 373.
Both 97.

Both am See 22. 116.
Bothau 306.
Bothe Bach, the 803.
Bothe Kloster, the 388.
Böthenbach (nearNurem-

berg) 174.

— (near Lindau) 170.

— (Swabia) 16. 16.
Bothenbu:^ on the Peg

nitz 96.
Bothenberg, the (near

Cannstatt) 26.
Bothenburg 113.
Bothenfels 54.
Bothenhaus 302.
Bothenkirchen 64.
Bothenstedt 119.
Bothenthurm Pass, the

399.
Bothe See, the 382.
Boththal, the 22.
Bott 181.
— , the 182.
Bottenacker 46.
Bottenburg 33.
Bottendorf 68. 71.
Bottenstein 883.
Bottershausen 74.
Bottweil 35.
Bozia 400.
Boztok 297.
Boztoka Valley, the

388.
Buck, ca8tle(Blanbeuren

46.

Bäckersdorf 95.
Bndelsdorf 819.
Buderatshofen 168.
Budig 310.
Budolfshdhe 249.
Budolphstein, the 80.
Budowa, the 386.
Buhraannsfelden 188.
Borna 862.
Rtunburg 815.
Bumpenheim 51.
Butt^ng 175.
Bupprechstegen 96.
Bnpprechtsteln 174.
Busel, the 182.
Busin 801.
Buss 396.
Büssenbaeh 81.
Bnstshuk 410.
Butschenhof 39.
Buttek, or-
Buttka 373. 376.
BzesKow 388.

Baal 110.
Saalach, the 178.
Saale, the Franeoaian

46. 65. 78. etc.
Saaleck 65.
Saalfeld 64^
Saaz 301.
Sachsen 23.
Sachsenhausen 51.
Sachsenfeld 365.
Sadagora 390.
Sadek 317.
Sadowa 326.
Sadowa-WissBia 389.
Sägh 363.
Sago^ 275.
Saidschitz 302.
Saitz 328.
Saiö, the 368. 378. 874.

S%i<S Szt. Peter 374.
Salaberg, castle 251.
Salem 60.
Salloch 275.
Salgö-TarjAii 372.
Salomonsfelsen, the 402.
Salzach, the 178. 260.
Salzburg (Austria) 259.
— (Transylvania) 898.
— , ruin 74.
Salzgau, the 13.
Sambor 371. 388.
Samson 366.
San, the 888.Y
Sandau 811. 314.
Sandbach 176.
Sandsee, castle 97.
Sann, the 274.
Sannthal Alpe, the 274.

INDEX.

433

Sip 367.
Sirengräd 367.
Sarkad 366.
Särkäny 400.
Sftrling 356.
Sarmingstein 256.
Säromberke 405.
Sarpanec 382.
Satkau-Teschnitz 301.
Sitoralja-Ujhely 371.366.
Sätorhegy, the 371.
Sattelbachthal, the 243.
Sattelbogen, the 38.
Satteldorf 22.
Sau, see Save.
Saabach, the 301.
Sauerbrunn (near Bilin)
301. .

— (Hungary) 3ö3.

— Bohitgch 274.
Saaldorf 47.
Saulgau 29.
Saulohra 179.
Sausal Mta. 273.
Sausbach, the 179.
Säusenstein 260. 256.
Sava 275.

Save, the 275. 352. 368.
Saxon Switzerland 294.
Saybusch 384.
Sazawa, the 317. 324.
Sbanwald, the 301.
Schachen 171.
Schachenbad 171.
Schadendorf 353.
Schafberg, the 43. 179.
Schäferwand, the 296.
Schaffhansen 36.
Schafhausen 14.
Schäftlam 168.
Schalksburg 43.
Schalding 176.
Schallaburg 249.
Schambachthal, the 111.
Schandau 295.
Schärding 180. 258.
Scharebene, the 186.
Scharfeneck, ruin (Fran-

conia) 70.
-, — (Swabia) 27.
— , — (near Vienna) 246.
Scharnhausen 9.
Schässburg 400.
Schattau 318.
Schauder-Thal, the 82.
Schaumbure, min 181.
Schechen 181.
Scheer 47.
Schefflenz 61.
Scheibbs 260.
Scheiben, the 185.
Scheibmühl-Traisen 249.
Sohelklingen 46.

Schellenberg (Transyl-
vania) 399. 400.

— (near Donauwörth) 98
Schellneck 111.
Schemmerberg 29.
Schemnitz 372.
Schenkenseil 34.
Schenkwitz 374.
Scherfenburg 269.
Schillerhöhe, the 9.
Schülingsfürst 116.
Schillingsloch 138.
SchUtach 34.
Schirnding 97. 118.
Schlachters 170.
Schlackenwerth 306.
Schlagendorfer Spitze

the 380.

Schlau 302.

Schlangenburg 276.

Schlappenz 317.

Sehlattstall 38.

Schieissheim 167.

Schlierbach 61. 263.

Schlöglmühl 268.

Schiott 112.

Schmachtenberg, fortress
72.

Schmaussenbuck 174.

Schmeie, the 44.

Schmeks 380.

Schmiechenthal 46.

Schmiedeberg 302.

Schmutter, the 99. 118.

Schnabelwaid 96.

Schnaith 23.

Schnaitheim.24.

Schnaittach 96.

Schneeberg, the (Bohe-
mia) 295.

— (Fichtelgebirge) 79.
- (Semmering) 268.

Schnelldorf 122.
Schobeser - Gebirge , the

318.

Schöckel, the 273.
Schöffelwarte 249.
SchöUenbach 19.
Schömberg 16.
Schönau (Bohemia) 298.

— (Franconia) 56. 74.

— (on the Danube) 332.

— (near Vöslau) 267.
Schönauer Glashütte 180.
Schönberg 63. 305.
Schönbichl. chateau (Da-
nube) 266.

Schönbomsprudel , the

74.
Schönbrunn (Moravia)

329.

— (chateau, near Vienna)
241.

BAEDEKfiifs S. Germany. 6th Edit.

Schönbnchwald, the 33.

Schönbühl, castle (Rems-
thai) 23.

Schönebene 184.

Schönfeld 296.

Schönfeld-Lassee 348.

Schönfels, chateau 62.

SchöngeisingerWald, the
168.

Schöngrabem 318.

Schönhof 83.

Schönlind 174.

Schönsteinhöhle 82.

Schonungen 71.

Schönwald 317.

Schopfloeh 27. 28. 34.

Schorenberg, min 54.

Schorndorf 24.

Schottei^Thal, the 82.

Schottwien 269.

Schrambach 249.

Schreckenstein 296. 315.

Schreiberbach, the 246.

Schrems 313.

Sehrezheim 22.

Schrobenhausen 112.

Schrozberg 22.

Schukura, the 360.

Schullerloch, the 111.

Schüssen, the 29.

Schussenried 29.

Schutt, island 334. 349.

Schutterthal, the 83.

Schützen 353.

Schwabach 97.

Schwaben 173.

Schwabhausen 168.

Schwäbisch-Gmünd 24.

Schwäbisch-Hall 20.

Schwabmünchen 168.

Schwaden 315.

Schwaigen 120.

Schwaigern 42.

Schwaikheim 21.

Schwakenreute 47.

Schwallenbach 256.

Schwanberg, the 69.

Schwandorf 119. 176.

Schwaneck, chateau 168.

Schwanenstadt 206.

Schwarza, the 208.

Schwarzachthal, the 100.
61.

Schwarzawa,the 320. 322.
323.

Schwarzbach, the 61.

Schwarzenan 313.

Schwarzenbach 68. 77.

Schwarzenberg 378.

Schwarzenbronn 115.

Schwarzenbruck 100.

Schwarze See (near Ei-
senstein) 185.

28

434

INDEX.

, castle (Bohemia) Silberberg

Sehwane See (Hungary)

984.
Sehwechat 349.
-, the 243.
Schweigern 60.
Schweinan 23.
Schweiafnrt 71.
Schweinhaoaen 29.
Schweinhätt 183.
Schweinsberg 18.
Schweissing 312.
SchweiM|iäger, the 900.
Schwemungen 8&.
Schwihan 310.
Sebastiansweiler 41. -
Sebenstein, eaatte 268.
Sebes, the 364.
Sebesliely 396.
Sebusein 296. 316.
Seekach 61.
Seckau, eastle 273.
Sedlets 316.
Sedlitz 294.
Sedziszow 388.
Seeberg,

306.
Seeburg 38.
Seeburger Thai 38.
Seegraben, the 182.
Seegut, chateau 13.
Seekirchen 269.
— , Lake of 259.
Seelowita 323.
Seewald, tike 30.
Seewand, the 186.
Segengottes 317.
Segenthan 363.
Segesvär 400.
Seibersdorf 384.
Seidenberg 327.
Seidowitz 301.
Seitenstetten 261.
Selb 63.
Sel£ 297.

Seligenstadt 20. 71.
Selmeezb^nya 372.
Semedella 280.
Semendria 369.
Semenik, the 384.
Semil 326.
Semlin 368. 362.
Semmering 269.
— Railway, the 268.
Senden 29.
Senftenberg 256.
Sennfeld 61.
Sepsi Szent Oyorgy

406.
Servola 280.
Sessana 267.
Seubersdorf 100.
Seulbitz 63.
Seussen 97.

Seybothenrenth 77.
Shmerinka 390.
Sibiu 998.
Sibot 396.
Sichrov 327.
Siebenbrann 348.
Siebenbürgen 392.
Siebendörfer, the 403.
Siebenellen 184.
Siebengiebel 900.
Sieben-Seen • Thal , the

388.
Siechöw 390.
Siegelsdorf 69.
Siegenfeld 243.
Siemdorf 318.
Sieming 263.
Sievering 247.
Siglingen 61.
Sigmaringen 44.
Sigmaringendorf 47.
Sigmundsherberg- Horn

113. 318.
Siklava Fall 383.

184.
Silberstadt 312.
Sillein 876.
Süawka 322.
Simhaeh 173.
Simmering 322. 349.
Simmsee. the 172.
Sinaia 408.
Singen 36.
Sinn, the 74.
Sinzheim 18.
Sinzing 110.
Sio, the 361.
Siöfok 361.
Simingbach 268.
Siroka, the 383.
Sissek 362. 36&
Sitzenthal 249.
Sivabere, the 378.
Skalitz S^.
Skalka 376.
Skawina 379.
Skela-QladoYa 364.
Skitta-Jalomicsa 406.
Skrid 353.
Skrochowitz 329.
8kn2 317.
Slankamen 367.
Slatina 364.
SlaÜnan 317.
Slawjn 316.
Slobodsia 410.
Slotwina 388.
Sloup 320.
Smecna 301.
Smichow 293.
Smidar 326.
Smif itz 326.
Smrecin Lakes 382.

Snyatin 360.
Söakna 406.
Sob^slau 324.
Soborsin 396.
Sodentiial 63. 54.
Söfalva 404.
Söflingen 46.
Solitude, the 12.
SöUingen 16.
Solnhofen 116.
Solymos 396.
Som 371.
Somerein 349.
Somker^k 407.
Somküt Pass, the 407.
Sommenu to4.
Somos-Ujfalu 372.
Sondelfingen 31.
Sonnenberg 294. 302.
Sonnenwendstein , the

268.
Sonnenwirbel 302. 309.
SonnUgberg, tiie 260.
Sontheim 24. 168.
Soohien-Alpe, the 246.

Sophien Cavern 83.
Sopröny 353.
Soroks&r 361.
Söstö 366.
SotUa, the 274.
Söv^r 370.
Soyen 181.
Soyer See, the 181.
Spaichingen 86«
Spalt 97.
Speising 242.
Spessart Hts.. the 64.
Spielberg, diit. 264.
— , the 321.
Spielfeld 273.
Spillem 318.
Spinnerinn am Kreuz,

the 242.
Spital 269.
Spitz 256.

Spitzberg 186. 310. 314.
Staab 310.
Staatz 322.
Stadlau 322. 348.
Stadt am Hof 109.
Stadtprozelten 53.
SUffelbach 72.
Staffelberg, the 66.
Staffelstein 66.
Stahringen 47.
Stambach 63.
SUnislau 390.
Stankau 310.
Staresiolo 390.
Starkotsch 326.
Startsch 317.
Starzel, the 33. 41.

INDEX.

435

Starzeln 43.
fltandiiig 329.
Stanf, ruin (near Linz on
the Danube) 181.

— (near Batisbon) 109.
Staufen (Swabia) 26.
Staofeneck, ruin 27.
Steben 63.
Steblowa 325.
Steckelberg, ruin 55.
Stefanau 319.
Stefansbütte 378.
Steigerwald, the 113.
Steigkoppe, the 68.
Stein (Austria) 266.

— (Fichtelgebirge) 78.

— (near Kuremberg) 23.
Steinach (Bavaria) 64.

— (on the Main) 118.
Steinach -Thai, the 14.

79.
Steinamanger 364.
Steinbach (near Hall) 21.

— (in the Murrthal) 21.

— (near Vienna) 248.

— See, the 382.

— Valley 382.

S teinberg, on the Main 66.
Steinbruch 362.
Steinbrück 276.
Steindorf 259.
Steinerhof 269.
Steinfeld, the 249.
Steinhausen 64.
Steinheim 61. 99.
Steinlachthal, the 41.
Steinmfthle 63.
Steinrain 119.
Steinwiesea 63.
Stempfermühle 82. 84.
Stephanskirchen 172.
Stephanspösching 176.
Stepperg 113.
Sterbfritz 66.
Sterbohol 294.
Stern 294.
Stembere SQl. 319.
Stetten 168.
Stettin 329.
Steyerdorf 363.
Steyregg 254.
Stiahlau 313.
Stimpfach 22.
Stock 172.
Stockach 47.
— , the 47.
Stockau 77.
Stockerau 318.
Stockheim 64.
Stoilbauer, the 272.
Stoflfelsberg, the 169.
Stolzenburg 399.
Storzingen 44.

Stracena 374.
Strakonitz 313.
Stramberg 328.
Stran^itz 324.
8 trass 349.
Strassberg 44.
Strasskirchen 176.
Strassnitz 327.
Strasswalchen 269.
Straubing 175.
Straussnitz 314.
Strecsnö 376.
Streitberg 81.
Streitburg 82.
Strel, the 396.
Streu, the 75.
Stromberg, the 13.
Strudel,the (Danube) 254.
Struden 264.
Stryj 371. 388.
StrzeUtz 317. 322.
Stubenberg 408.
Stubna, the 373.
Stubnya-Fürdö 373.
Studenetz 317.
Stuhlweissenburg 351.
Stuben, the 170.
Stupna 326.
Stuttgart 1.
Sahen 268
Sucha 379.
Suohawoda Valley, the

384.
Suchenthal 324.
Suczawaltzkani 391. 406.
Sudeten, the 319. 329.
SudomJiritz 324.
Sugatag 366.
Sulm, the 273.
Sulz 34. 100.
Sulzbach 21. 58. 174.
— , the 253.
— Alps, the 274.
Sulzdorf 22.
Sulzerain 11.
Summerau 313.
Sünching 176.
Suräny 348.
Sural, the 400.
Süssen 27.

Swabian Alb, the 36.
Swdtla 317.
SwiJiin, the 326.
Swinka, the 370.
Swinnica, the 884.
Swistowka. the 384.
Syl, the 396.
Syrmia 366.
Szäir 351.

Szabad-Bäthyan 361.
Szabadka 367.
SzabadSzälläs 861.
Szadellö 374.

Szäjol 363. 367.
Szakälhäza 368.
Szäläspatak 396.
Szalk Szt. Martön 366.
Szalonta 366.
Szamos, the 404. 406.
Szamos Ujvar 406.
Szäniszlö 366.
Szilntod 361.
Szärhegy 403.
Szäszfalu 403.
Szäsz HermiLny 403.
Sz^z Megyes 400.
Szäsz Bögen 405.
Szäsz Sebes 397.
Szäszväros 396.
Szatmir-Nemeti 366.
Szatymiz 368.
Szczawnica 370. 383.
Szegedin 362. 367.
Szegszard 366.
Szökely Eeresztur 404.
Szökely Udvärheiy 403.

404.

Szökes Fehönrär 351.
Szeklers, Country of the

403.
Szempcz 348.
Szered 374. 391.
Szerencs 366.
Szeret, the 391.
Szeretfalva 406. 407.
Sziget, Marmaros 366.
Szigetvilr 354.
Szigligeth 362.
Szikszö 369.
Szitas Keresztur 404.
Szlatina 366.
Szliics 372.
Szobb 349.
Szoboszlö 366.
Szöbranoz 371.
Szöhodol 402.
SzoUszko 382.
Szolnok 367.
Szölös 348.
Szombathely 354.
Szomotor 37l.
Szonta 367.
Szöregh 363.
Sztamora-Moravioza 363.
Szucsäny 376.
Szuljov Valley 376.

Tabor 324.
Taohenstein 111.
Tachtalia 360.
Tafelftchte, the 327.
Tafertsried 183.
Taimering 176.
Taksony 361.
TiUya 365.

28*

436

INDEX.

Talmies, or
Talmesh 899.
Tannberg, the 269.
Tannwald 326.
Tapfheim 98.
Tapoleza 369.
Tarcza, the 370.
Tarczai 366.
Timok 361.
Tamopol 390.
Tamöw 888.
TamowitE 329.
Tartlau 403.
Tass 366.

Tata T6v£ros 860.
Tatra Füred 380.
Titra Mt8., the 378.
Titrahiza 382.
Tatraspitse, the 381.
Tauber, the 60. 114.
Tauberbischofsheim 60.
Tauberfeld 117.
Taufkirehen 180.
Taus 310.
Teck, ruin 87.
Teekendorf 406.
Tecsö 366.
Tecuciu 391.
Tegelstein 171.
TegUs 366.
Teinach 14. 16.
— , baths 14.
Teisendorf 173.
Teissnachthal , the 188.
Teke 406.
Tekeröpatak 403.
Telei^na, the 408.
Telega 406.
Telek 396.
Temes, the 369. 364.
Temesvir 363.
TemesvAr-Fabrik 364.
Tepel, the 306.
Tep], abbey 312.
Tepla 377.

Tepla-Trentschin 375.
Teplitz (Bohemia) 297.
— (Warasdin) 274.
Teplitz-Waldthor 296.
Teplitza 275. 378.
Teregova 364.
Terianszko Lake 382.
Ternitz 268.
Teschen 376.
T^t^ny 361. 356.
Tetschen 314.
Tetschitz 317.
Tettnang 30.
Teufelsbaoh, the 402.
Teufelsfelsen, the 110.
Teufelsmauer, the 112.

266.
Teufelssee, the 186.

Teufelstisch 183.
Thal 273.
Thaldorf 112.
Thalflngen 24.
Thalhausen 34.
Thalkirchdorf 170.
Thalmühle 14. 36.
Thamm 13.
Thäusser Bad 20.
Thaya, the 317. 818. 322.
Thajingen 36.
Theben 333.
Thebener Kogel, the

334.
Theiss, the 357. 362. 366.

367. 371.
Theisseek 367.
Theisshola 373.
Theres 71.
Theresienfeld 267.
Theresienstadt 296.
TheresieBthal:184.
Thierberg, the 43.
Thiergarten 46.
Thiergartenberg, the 38.
Thomasroith QS6.
Thonbrunn 63.
Thorenburg 405.
Thörlthal, the 269.
Thüngen 65.
Thüngersheim 66.
ThuröcE, the 373. 876.
Thuröcz Szt. Mi(rton373.
Tichlowitz 816.
Tihany 361.
Tilalmas, the 403.
Tillysburg, the 251.
Timelkam 259.
Tirschenreuth 119.
Tirschnitz 304.
Tischnowitz 822.
Tisza Lucz 366.
— -Ujlak 371.
TisEolcz 373.
Titel 357.
Titu 364.
Tlumatschau 828.
Tlutzen 315.
Tochowitz 309.
Tohan 403.
Toifl 247.
Tokamya 383.
Tokay 365.
Töke-Terebes 371.
Tolna 366.
Tömos, the 408.
Tömös Pass, the 406. 406.
Toos 82.
Topanfalvi 897.
Topkowitz 295.
Toplecz 364.
Topoloveoz 364.
Topshider 369.

Torda 406.

Tordai Hasad^k, the 406.

Toma 374.

Toma^ja 373.

Tomöcz 348.

Toroezko 405.

Török Szt. Miklös 367.

Törzburg 402.

Tötfalu 897.

Tot Hegyer 848.

Totis 360.

Tötös 354.

Touin 362.

Touinsehiza, the 352.

Tövis 898. 406.

Trabit» 77.

Traisen, the 249. 267.

Traismaner 257.

Trigan, inscription of 360.

Transylvania 392.

Trauf, the 43.

Traun 268.

— , the 172. 251. 263. 266.

Traunstein 172.

Traunthal, monastery

112.
Trausnitz, castle 120.
Trautenau 326.
Trautmannsdorf 349.
Trebgast 75.
Trebitsch 317.
Trembaeh 182.
Tremeina 326.
Trennfeld 54.
Trentschin 375.
— Teplitz 375.
Treppchen, the 380.
Treuchtlingen 116.
Trichtersee, the 383.
Triebitz 819.
Triebschitz 802.
Triefenried 183.
Triefenstein 54.
Triesdorf 116.
Trieste 276.
TriesÜngbach, the 249.
Triestinghof 249.
Trifail 275.
Trikule 360.
Trimberg 55.
Trinitis 364.
Tmava, the 374.
Tmobrand 316.
Tmowa, thd 301.
Tmowan 301.
Trochtelfingen 25.
Trocznow 313.
Troppau 329.
Troppberg, the 249.
Troska, ruins 326.
Trossingen 35. '
Trubachthal, the 82.
Trudering 171.

INDEX.

437

Tramerseen, the 259.
Truskowice 388.
Trsciana 388.
Trzetinia 384.
Trzynietz 376.
Tschemowitz 302.
Tübingen 31.
Tüchersfeld 83.
Tnlbinger Kogel,the24d.
Tulln 257. 314.
Tullner Feld, the 257.
Tupa, the 381.
Tura 368.
Tnräny 376.
Turcsek 373.
Türkenfeld 168.
Türkheim 168.
Türmitz 296.
Turn 300.
Tnrnau 326.
Turn Severin 364.
Tuschkau-KoBolup 313.
Tusnäd 403.

Tnsn^i Szoros, the 403.
Tuttlingen 35.
Tworkau 329.
Tycha, the 384.
Tychy Pass 384.
Tymau (Bavarian Forest)

179.
— (Hungary) 374.
Tyssa 295.
Tyssaer Wände, the 295.

üdvard 348.
Udwitz-Görkau 302.
Uebelbach, the 270.
Ueberkingen 27.
Ueberlingen 50.
Ueberlingen See 49. 50.
Uebersee 172.
Uffenheim 113.
Uhersko 319.
Uhlandshöhe, the 9.
Uhlbach 25.
Uihingen 26.
Uj-Föhörto 365.
Ujlak 357.
Uj-Palänka 359.
Uj-Szdkely 404.
Uivldek 357.
Uj-Vincz 396.
Ullitz-Pleschnitz 313.
Ullö 362.
Ulm 27.
Ulmerfeld 250.
Ulrichsberg 183.
Umlowitz 313.
Ummendorf 29.
Umpfer, the 60.
Und, monastery 257.
Unfels 38.
T7ngar.->Altenburg 349.

Ungarisch-Hradisch 328.
Ungerhausen 168.
Ungh, the 371.
Unghvär 371.
Unhoscht 301.
Unlingen 46.
Unökö, the 408.
Unsleben 75.
Unter- Ailsfeld 83.
Unterbaibach 60.
Unterböbingen 24.
Unterboihingen 31. 37.
Unter-Elchingen 24.
Unter-Grainet 179.
Unter-Griesheim 61.
Unterhausen 40. 113.
Unterkochen 24.
Unter-Leinleiter 82.
Unterloquitz 64.
Untermarchthal 46.
Unterreichenbach 15.
Unter-Betzbach 318.
Unterrodach 63.
Untersberg, the 266.
Unterschtipf 60.
Unter-See, the 45.
Unter-Steinach 64.
Unter-Stuben 373.
Unter-Tömös 408.
Untertürkheim 25.
Unterweilersbach 81.
Urach 38.
Urbach 24.
Urfahr 251.
Urthelstein, the 245.
Uslava, the 310. 313.
Uszög 354.
Uttendorf-Hellpfan 173.

Vadkert-T^zUr 361.
Vadna 374.
Väg-Besztercze 375.
Vdgfalva 377.
Väg-Ujh^ly 375.
Vaihingen 13. 33.
Vajda Hunyad 396.
Välasdt 406.
St. Valentin 251.
Valkäny 363.
Vämos 374.
Vämos-Györk 368.
Vämos-Percs 366.
Väralja-Hätszeg 396.
Vargy as Valley, the 401.
Varhöly 396.
Varin 376.
Vama 410.
Vaslab 403.
Vasvir 354.
Vazsecz 377.
Veczel 395.
V^ghles-Szilatna 372.
V^gszendrö 359.

St. Veit 249.
Veitsberg, the 65.
Veitsburg, the 30.
Veitschthal, the 269.
Veitshöchheim 55.
Velden 96.
Veldenstein 96.
Velenczer See 351.
Velm 349.
Verbasz-Kula 362.
Verbovsko 363.
Verciorova 361. 364.
Verespatak 397.
Verestie 391.
Vemär 374.
Versecz 363.
Veterani cavern 360.
Videm-Gurkfeld 275.
Vidra 409.

Viechtenstein, castle 180.
Viehofen 249.
Vienna 187.

Abgeordnetenhaus 212.

Academy of Art 213.

— of Sciences 206..

Adelige Casino 216.

Albertina 205.

Albrechts-Brunnen 205.

Aisergrund 235.

Altlerchenfeld Church
234.

Ambras Collection 230.

Anatomical Institute
236.

St. Anna 206.

Antiquities, Collection
of (Belv.) 229.

Aquarium 240.

Archiepiscopal Palace
199.

Arsenal 231.

— , Civic 208.

Art-Industrial School
216.

Artillery Barracks 220.

Aspern Bridge 218.

Augarten 219.

Augartenbrüeke 210.

Augustine Church 204.

Austrian Museum 216.

Ballhausplatz 209.

Bankgebäude 209.

St. Barbara 206.

Barracks 218. 220. 235.

Baths 192. 240.

Beethoven Collection
193.

Belvedere 220.

BUnd Asylum 194.

Botanical Garden 210.
220. 231.

Brigitta Bridge 239.

Brigittenau 219.

438

INDBX.

Vienna :
Bnrg aOO.
Bnrgcapelle 900.
Biirsei^Hospital 70L
Barg-Ring 112.
Bnrgthor 201.
Cabinet of Coins and

Antiquities 903.
CapacÜn Chnreh 905.
Csrlskirche 283.
Casts, Mnseom of 214.
Cattie Market 290l
Cemeteries 210.
Chemical lAboiatory

236.
Collection of AaÜqni-

Ües (BelT.) 229.
— of Anns, Municipal

211.
Commander-in-Chief,

Office of 211.
Commercial Academy

215.
Commistionnaires 192.
Concerts 191.
Confectioners 189.
Consulates 193.
Cottage-Verein 289.
Court Theatre 212.
Courts of Justice 212.
Credit-Anstalt 20B.
Criminal Court 285.
Custom House 219.
Czemin^s Collection

234.
Danube Improvement

Works 240.
Deaf and Dumb Asy

lum 194. 233.
Educational Exhibition

194.
Egyptian Collection

Elizabeth Bridge 215.

233.
St. Elisabeth's Church

234.
Embassies 198. 220.
Engineering Society

215.
English Church 198.
Esterhazy Garden 234.
Exchange 210.
Exhibition, permanent

194.
Export Exhibition 194.
Favoriten 234.
Fiacres 189.
Foreign Office 209.
Franzensplats 200.
Franzens-Bing 210.
Franz - Josephs - Qnai

2ia2UL

Vienna:
Frans - Josephs - llior

218.
Freudenau 94a
Freyung, the 90S.
Fünfhaus, Chureh of

234.
Geolog. Institution 219.
Gorenunent Buildings

209.
Graben 198.
Greek Church 906.
Gürtel-Strasse 198.
Gymnasium, Academic

218.
Hanrach's Collection

208.
Hauptwaehe 2Ü0.
Heilandskirehe 985.
Heinrichhof, the 213.
Herrengssse, the 909.
Hof, the 207.
Hofburg 900l
Hofgarten, the 901.
Hofsehausplelhaus 212.
Hohe Markt, the 207.
Horticult. Soeiety 216.
Hospital, General 285.
Industrial Museum

236.
— Society 216.
Jewish Hospital 239.
Jews' Quarter 207.
Jockey Club 205.
St. John 218.
St. John the Baptist

206.
Josephinum 236.
Josephsplats 901.
Josephstadt 234.
Justice, Palace of 212.
KarlsUrche 933.
Kärtnerhof 904.
Kartnex^Ring 215.
Kärtner-Strasse 205.
Kaunitz Garden 284.
Kohlmarkt 199.
Kolowrat-Bing 216.
Krieau 240.
KronprlnB-Eudolf-

Brncke 940.
Knnstlerhaus 215.
Knnstverein 207.
Landhaus 909.
Landstrasse 219.
Law Courts 212.
Lazaristenkirche 234.
Leopoldstadt 216.
Library, Imp. 201.
— , Municiptu 211.
— , University 211.
Liechtenstein Gallery

236.

Vienna:

Lunatic Asylum 235.

Maltese Chureh 906.

Mariahilf 234.

Maria Stiegen 907.

Mari»-Theresienliof
936.

Mariensiule 907.

Maiketo 193. 216. 919.
233.

Mehlmarkt 205.

Melkerhof 197.

St. Michael's 199.

MiUtary Geogr. Insti-
tute 104.

MiUtery Offices 200.

Military Music 199.

Mineral Cabinet 19L

Ministry of Commerce
206.

— of Finance 906.

— of the Interior 907.

— of Justice 213.
Minorite Chureh 909.
Mint 219.

Museum of Art and In-
dustry 216.

— of Casts 900.

— of Weapons 282.
— , Technical 236.
Museums, Imp. 212.
Musical Society 215.
Musikveveinsgebinde

215.
Kat. Hist. Cabinet 194.
Veubau 234.
New Market 905.
OberstaUmeister - Amt

900.
Observatory 239.
Omnibuses 190.
Opera House, Imp. 213.
Opem-Bing 213.
Oriental Museum 210.
Palace of Arehd. Albert

205. 213.

Lewis Victor 215.

William 216.

— of PrinceSchwarxen-

berg 216.
Liechtenstein 210.

236. 239.

— of the Duke of Co-
burg 216.

— of tile Duke of
Nassau 220.

— of the Graadduke
of Tuscany 283.

— Auersperg 234.

— Chotek 236.

— Csemin 234.

— Dietrichstein 296.

— Harrach 20S.

INDEX.

439

Vienna :

Palace Einsky 209.

— Larisch 216.

— Lobkowitz 204.

— Metternich 220.

— Miller 233.

— MontenuoYo 209.

— FallaTicini 204.

— Bothscbild 233.

— Schönborn 209.

— aina 207.

— Todesco 215.
Palace Gardens 201.
Panorama« 192.
Park BJng 216.
Parliament, Houses of

212.
Pensioners'* Hospital

219.
Pensions 188.
St. Peter's 199.
Picture Exhibitions

194.
Picture Gallery (Belv.)

220.
Police Office 191. 210.
Polytechn. Institution

1^3.
Porters 192.
Post Office 191. 206.
Post Office Savings

Bank 206.
Prater 239.
Pratereck 332.
Praterstrasse 218.
Praterstem, the 218.
Printing Office, Imp.

206.
Protestant Church 234.
Protestant School 233.
Badetzkybrucke 218.
Railway Stations 187.

218. 234. 239.
Rathhaus, the Old 207.
— , New 211.
Real-Gymnasium 234.
Reichsrathsgebäude

212.
Reichs -Kanzlei Palast

200.
Retail Harket 216.
Riding Schools 201.

213.
Ring-'strasse, the 210.

— Theatre 210.
Rotunda 240.
Rudolf Hospitel 219.
Rudolfs-Caserne 210.
Ruhmeshalle 232.
Salvator Capelle 207.
Schönbom''8 Collection

<vya

Schottenhof 197. 209.

Vienna :

Schottenkirche 209.

Schotten-Ring 210.

Schwarzenbergbrücke
216.

Scientific Club 215.

Seilerstätte 206.

Shops 192. *

Skating Club 234.

Slaughter Houses 220.
234.

Sophienbrücke 219.

Stables, Imp. 213.

Stadtpark 216.

Stadttheater 206.

Städtische Badeanstalt
240.

Starhembergsohe Frei-
haus 197.

Statthalterei 209.

Statue of Archduke
Charles 201.

— of Prince Eugene
201.

— of Emp. Francis 200.
201.

— of Emp. Joseph II.
201.

— of Maria Theresa
213.

— of Beethoven 216.

— of Haydn 234.

— of Ressel 233.

— of Schiller 213.

— of Schubert 216.

— of Schwarzenberg
215.

— of Tcgetthoflf 218.
Steamboats 190. 219.
St. Stephen's Church

197.

Stiftungshaas 210.

Stock im Eisen 199.

Stubenbrücke 216.

Stuben-Ring 216.

Synagogue 218.

Technolog. Museum
233.

Tegetholfbrücke 216.

Telegraph Office 191.
210.

Teutonic Order, House
of 206.

TextUe School 234.

Theatres 191. 200.

Theresianische Ritter-
Akademie 234.

Tramways 190.

Treasury 202.

Trinity Column 199.

Tuchlaubeu 207.

Türkenschanze 239.

University 210.

Vienna :

University Church 206.

Veterinary Institution
219.

Volksgarten 201.

Volksprater 240.

Votive Church 235.

— Monument 207.

Waffen Museum 232.

Wagner Museum 194.

Währing 239.

War Office 206.

Weissgärber Church
219.

Wholesale Market 219.

Wieden 233.

Wine 189.

Ziererhof 205.
Vierzehnheiligen 65.
Vilägos 363. 393.
Villäny 354.
Villingen 36.
Vils, the (Danube) 174.

176. 182.
Vilseck 174.
Vilshofen 176.
Vinga 363.
Vinna 371.
Visegräd 335.
Vistula, the 385.
Viszoka, the 381.
Vitis 313.
Viza, the 398.
Vizvär 354.
Vlcd^ny 398. 400.
Vlegyäsza, the 368.
Vöckla, the 259.
Vöcklabruck 259.
Vöcklamarkt 259.
Vohburg 112.
Vöhringen 29.
Voila 400.
Voitersreuth 62.
Vojtek 363.
Volkersdorf 251.
Vollmerz 65.
Volsbach 77.
Vorbach 96.
Vorderbrühl 243.
Vordel^Haimbach 248.
Vörösmart 366.
Vorra 96.
Vöslau 267.
Vossowska 329.
Vöttau. Chat. 318.
Vrai 309.
vSetat 316. 327.
Vukovär 356.
Vulcan Pass, the 396.
Vychodna 377.

Waag, the 348. 374. 377.
Waag-Bistritz 375.

440

INDEX.

Waag-Nenstadü 376.
Wa&g-SeUye 848.
Wftchau. the 256.
Wachholderberg2tlie299.
Wftgendrttsael 878.
Wagrua 257. 328.
WaUwies 47.
Waiblingen 23.
Waibfltadt 61.
Waidhofen 260.
Waiflchenfeld 83.
Waitzen 336. 349.
Walachiach-Me8eritc828.
Waldburg.ca8tle(Swabia)

SO. 33.

(Franeonia) 72.

Waldeck 14.
Waidenburg 20.
Waldershof 97.
Waldhausen 24.
Waldhäuser 180. 184.
Waldkirchen 180.
Wald-Leiningen 58.
Waldnab, the 119.
Waldsassen 63. 305.
Waldsee 29.
Waldstein, castle 326.
Waldstein, the OrosseSO.
Walhalla, the 109.
Walhallastrasse 119.
Walki 388.
Wallendorf 378.
Wallern 180.
Wallersdorf 182.
Waller-See, the 269.
Wallerstein 97. 98.
Wallhausen 22.
Wallsee 254.
Waltenhofen 169.
Wangen 29.
Wappoltenreith 313.
Warasdin 274.
Warasdin-Teplitz 274.
Warmensteinacn 79.
Wamsdorf 314.
Wartberg 253. 269. 348.
— , the 18.
Wartenberg 326.
Wartenbarg, castle 259.
Wartenstein, castle 268.
Warthausen 29.
Wäschenbeuem 24.
Wäscher-Schlössle 24.
Wasseralflngen 25.
Wasserburg (Lake of

Constance) 171.
— (on the Inn) 181.
Wassertrüdingen 97.
Wawel, the 386.
Wegfurt 74.
Wegscheid 179.
Wegstädtl 297. 316.
Wehlen 294.

Wehrstein 34.
Weibertreu, ruin 20.
Weichering 118.
Weichselthal, the 245.
Weiden 119.
Weidenbach 400.
Weidling 247.
Weidlingau 248.
Weidlingbach 247.
Weidritz, the 334.
Weigolshausen 55. 71.
Weihenstephan 131.
Weiberhammer 174.
Weikersheim 22.
Weil 9.
Weilbach 53.
Weilburg, the 245.
Weiiderstadt 13.
Weilerburg 38.
Weinem 348.
Weingarten (Swabia) 30.
Weinsberg 20.
Weinzettelwand, the 269.
Weinzierl 256.
Weipert 302.
Weischlitz 62.
Weissach, the 48.
Weissbach, the 396.
Weisse Berg, the 294.

301.
Weissenbach 249.
Weissenburg am Sand

116.
Weissenegg, castle 273.
Weissenhom 29.
Weissenkirchen 256.
Weissenstadt 80.
Weissenstein 15. 334.
Weissenstein am Pfahl

183.
Weisse See, the 387.
Weisse Wand, the 382.
Weisskirchen 327. 328.

363.
Weissmain-Hoehofen 79.
Weissmainstein, the 79.
Weisswasser 3l0.
— Valley 382.
Weiteneck 255.
Weihybka 301.
Weleslawin 301.
Welim 319.
Wellenburg 168.
Wels 180. 258.
Welschingen 36.
Weitenbarg, Abbey 111.
Weltrus 297.
Wendelstein 100.
Weng 259.
Werdau 62.
Werfenstein, ruin 254.
Wemberg 119.
Wemeck 55. 71.

Wemfeld 55.
Wemstein 180.
Wernthal, the 55.
Wemwag, chateau 45.
Wertach, the 99. 118.
Wertheim 54.
Wesendorf 256.
Wesenurfahr 180.
Wessely 324.
Westen 400.
Westereringen 168.
Westerstetten 27.
Westhausen 25.
Westheim 118.
Wetteisheim 116.
Wetterau 51.
Wetterkreuz, church

257.
Wetzdorf 314.
Weyer 250.
Wichsenstein, the 82.
Wieklesgreuth 23.
Wiebeisbach 19.
Wiedergeltingen 168.
Wielandstein. the 38.
Wieliczka 387.
Wielki Staw, the 383.
Wien, see Vienna.
Wien, the 194. 241.
Wiener-Neustadt 267.349.
Wiener Wald, the 249.

257.
Wiesau 63. 119.
Wiese 317.
Wieselburg 250. 349.
Wiesen 353.
Wieaensteig 27. 37.
Wiesent, the 70. 81. 82.

83.
Wiesloch 12.
Wikawa 315.
Wilburgstetten 98.
Wildbad (Wurtemberg)

15.

— (Bavaria) 115.
Wildberg 14.

— , casüe 253.
Wildenranna 179.
Wildenschwert 819.
Wildenstein, castle (on
the Danube) 45.

— (Spessart) 54.
Wildsee, the 16.
Wildflecken 74.
Wildgrube, the 246.
Wildon, ruin 273.
Wildpoldsried 169.
Wildstein 305.
Wilferdingen 15.
Wilfersreut 79.
Wilfleinsdorf 849.
Wilhelma, the 11.
Wilhelmsbad 51.

n

Wilhelmsburg 249.
— , the 27.
Wilhelmsgliick, mine

21. 22.
Wilhelmshall 35.
Wilhelmshöhe, the 300.
Wilhelmswarte, the 243.
WUhering, abbey 181.
Wilibaldsburg 116.
WUlsbach 20.
Wimpfen 18.
Windisch - Eschenbach

119.
Windisch-Gailenreuth 82.
T^indloch, the 96.
Windsfeld 116.
Windsheim 59.
Winnenden 21.
Winnenthal, chateau 21.
Winschendorf 388.
Winterbach 23.
Winterschneidbach 116.
Winterhausen 113.
Wipfeld 71.
Wirbel, the panube)

264.

Wirsberg 64.
Wischau 323.
Wistritzbach. the 303.
Witkowitz 329.
Witteisbach, ruin 112.
Wittighausen 60.
Wittingau 324.
Witzenhöhle, the 82.
WladLislau 317.
Wodnian 313.
Woken 315.
Wölchingen 60.
Woleschka, the 326.
Wolfach 34.
Wolfegg 29. 258.
Wolframitz 322.
Wolframitzkirchen 317.
Wolschan 313.
Wolfsegg 258.
Wolfsgraben, the 249.
Wolfsmünster 55.
Wolfstein 100. 179.
Wolfsthal 334.
Wolinka, the 313.
Wolkersdorf 322.
Wolnzach 117.
Woloczysk 390.
Wondreb, the 311.
Wömitz, the 97. 98.
Wörösmart 366.
Worth 53. 120. 254.
Wotsch, the 274.

INDEX.

Wottawa, the 309. 313.
Wottitz 324.
Wotwowitz 301.
Wranau 322.
WSestar 325.
Wundershöhle, the 82.
Wunsiedel 80.
Wurm, the (Bavaria) 117.

168.

(Wurtemb.) 14. 34.

Wurmlingen 35.
Wurmlinger Capelle, the

32.
Würzburg 55.
Wurzmes 302.
Wybranowka 390.
Wysoian 316. 324. 327.

Tbbs 250. 255.

— , the 250. 255. etc.

Ybbsitz 250.

Zabierzöw 384.

Zablotow 390.

Zabok 274.

Zabola 4(».

Zagörz 871.

Zagreb 362.

Zagyva, the 368. 372.

Zajzon Wd.

Z^käny 352. 354.

Zakolan 297.

Zakopane 383.

Zäla, the 364.

Zalasd, the 396.

Zalathna 397.

Zalesl 296. 316.

Zäm 395.

Zamrsk 319.

Zapfendorf 65.

ZapreSi<i 274.

Zartlesdorf 313.

Zasmuk 319.

ZauchU 328.

Zaule 280.

Zavelstein 14. 16.

Zavrat Pass, the 384.

Zbirow 309. 310.

Zdencina 352.

Zdiar-Zdiretz 318.

Zditz 309.

Zdjär Pass, the 383.

Zegiestöw 370.

Zeiden 400.

Zeil 72.

Zell in the Odenwald 19.

— (Fichtelgebirge) 80.

441

Zellerhörnle. the 43.
Zellemdorf 314. 318.
Zernyest 403.
Zeykfalva 396.
Zibin 398. 400.
Zieditz 303.
Ziegenhals 329.
Zielfingen 47.
Ziersdorf 314.
Zigeunerberg, the 358.
Zilava 410.
Zimmern 60.
Zinkendorf 363.
Zinne, the 402.
Zinsendorf 322.
Zipf259.
Zips 378.

Zirknitzer See, the 276.
Ziskaberg, the 297.
Zistelalp, the 265.
Zittau 314.
Zizelau 254.
Zizenhausen 47.
Zlatina, the 372.
Znaim 317.
Znyö-Viraya 373.
ZoUem 43.
Zölyom 372.
Zombor 367.
Zoppatenbach, the 79-
Zöptau 319. 329.
Zorneding 171.
Zsabenicza 405.
Zs^bely 363.
Zsolcza 366. 369.
Zsolna 376.
Zsombolya 373.
Zuchering 112.
Zuffenhausen 13.
Zumhaus 22.
Zurawica 388.
Zumdorf 349.
Zusam, the 118.
Zusameck 118.
Züttlingen 61.
Zwentendorf 257.
Zwettl 213.
Zwickau 62.
Zwiefaltendorf 46.
Zwiesel 184.
Zwieselberg, the 184.
Zwingenberg 19.
Zwischenbrücken 3ß3.
Zwittau 820.
Zwittawa, the 320.
Zwodau or Zwota, the

303.
Zwota 303.

Leipsic : Printed by Breitkopf and Härte!.

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