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Q^^t  i.  iH.  Bill  ICtbrary 


■North  fflaroUna  ^UU  (Halleae 

V.&4 


SI 

V.64 
1903 


71694 

Southern  planter 


I 


71694 

This  book  must  not  be 
taken  from  the  Library 
building. 


"DEVOTED    TO 

.vICVLTURt,  HORTICULTVRE, 
RVCKING.LIVLJ-TOCK 


VJ^OVTH^-RN  ^IMT^Ks  TVBI;Mm  CO 


>V^^^^^^^^^^VS^^^A^ 


,^^^^^^^w^^V 


I 


ALWAYS  READY  TO 

STAET,  SAW  WOOD, 
PUMP  WATEE,    SHELL 

CORN.  From  IJ  Horse 
Power  to  50  Horse  Power. 

Mounted  on  Wheels  or 
Not. 


IP  YOU  DO  NOT  OWN 
A  GASOLINE  ENGINE 
IT  MUST   BE  BECAUSE 

YOU  HAVE  NEVER 
KNOWN    WHAT    THEY 

ABE.  WHAT  THEY 
WILL  DO,   A.ND  HOW 
ECESSARY   THEY 
ABE. 


others. 

RICHMOND  ENGINE  AND  PUMP  COMPANY^  Richmond^  Va. 


X>OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOC<X^OOOO»OOOOOOOOOOO0O<X 

FOR^B  TOBACCO  CROP 


■USE 


"STAR 


BRAND" 


ALLISON  &  ADDISON, 


;>ooooooooooooooo^ 


GUANO, 

IT'S  THE  BE5T. 


BRANCH  VrRQINIA- 

CAROLINA  CHE.MICaL  CO. 


MANUFACTURERS 


The  Southern  Planter. 

DEVOTED  TO 

PRACTICAL  AND    PROGRESSIVE  AGRICULTURE,  HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING,    LIVE  STOCK   AND   THE    FIRESIDE. 

Agriculture  U  the  nursing  mother  of  the  Arts.— XENOPHON. 
Tillage  and  pasturage  are  the  two  breasts  of  the  State.~SULLY. 


64th  Year. 


Richmond,  January,  1903. 


No.   1. 


1903. 


In  our  opening  article  in  the  issue  for  January,  1902, 
we  remarked  that  a  new  era  was  opening  up  for  the 
farmers  of  the  South,  and  commenting  on  this  said  : 
"  This  era  has  in  it  more  promise  for  the  future  than 
any  which  has  preceded  it  since  the  country  was  first 
settled.  The  South,  in  the  near  future,  is  to  become 
not  merely  the  producer  of  raw  staple  crops  as  in  the 
past,  but  the  manufacturer  of  these  raw  staples  into 
finished  products  in  the  shape  of  cotton  cloth,  beef, 
mutton,  hog  meat,  milk,  butter,  and  tl  e  high  priced 
luxuries  of  the  table  in  the  shape  of  fruits  and  vegeta 
bles.  We  shall  have  at  home  a  market  for  a  large  part 
of  these  products,  and  we  shall  also  have  manufactured 
at  home  and  largely  from  home  produced  materials, 
the  mills,  machinery  and  means  for  the  making  and 
transport  of  our  surplus  products.  To  the  farmer, 
this  development  of  our  resources  means  a  call  for  a 
higher  degree  of  intelligence,  a  more  perfect  under- 
standing of  the  laws  governing  the  successful  produc 
tion  of  crops,  and  the  profitable  conversion  of  those 
crops  into  the  finished  products  ;  and  above  all,  it 
means  the  conversion  of  the  farmer  into  a  successful 
business  man.  It  means  the  utilization  of  all  the  pro- 
ducts of  the  soil  in  the  most  economical  manner,  so 
that  that  which  is  produced  with  labor,  which  means 
cost,  shall  return  its  cost  back  to  the  pocket  of  the 
producer  with  the  largest  profit  capable  of  being  real 
ized.  To  accomplish  these  results,  it  will  be  necessary 
for  the  farmer  to  understand  much  more  thoroughly 
the  laws  governing  the  growing  of  crops  and  the  feed 
ing  of  the  same,  so  that  they  may  be  made  to  yield 
maximum  returns  ;  and  it  will  also  require  that  the 


science  of  live  stock  husbandry  shall  be  better  under- 
stood than  ever  in  the  past.  The  farmer  of  the  South, 
in  order  to  meet  the  demands  which  this  development 
of  her  manufacturing  indostries  is  going  to  entail,  will 
require  to  understand  how  to  breed  and  feed  the  thou  • 
sands  of  fat  cattle,  sheep  and  hogs,  which  the  workers 
in  her  mines  and  factories  are  going  to  consume,  and 
how  to  secure  from  the  cows  the  milk  and  butter  which 
the  households  of  these  workers  are  going  to  demand. 
In  the  past,  the  North  and  the  West  have  largely  sup- 
plied even  the  requirements  of  the  farmers  themselves 
in  these  respects,  and  have  met  practically  the  whole 
demands  of  the  cities.  The  result  is  seen  in  the  wasted 
character  of  most  of  our  lands  and  the  constant  com- 
plaint of  thousands  of  farmers  that  "  farming  does  not 
pay." 

Every  day  that  has  passed  since  these  words  were 
written  has  only  tended  to  confirm  and  emphasize 
what  we  then  said.  The  marvellous  development  of 
Southern  prosperity,  the  constantly  increasing  num- 
ber of  our  manufacturing  plants,  and  the  daily  increas 
ing  numbers  of  our  people,  who  find  highly  remunera- 
tive employment  in  these  plants,  and  to  obtain  which 
leave  the  country  and  take  up  their  residence  in  the 
cities  and  towns,  has  worked  almost  a  revolution  in 
the  condition  of  agriculture  in  the  South.  Thousands 
who  were  producers  of  agricultural  staples  are  now 
consumers  of  these  articles,  and  with  their  increased 
prosperity  are,  together  with  the  long-time  residents  of 
the  cities  and  town,  consumers,  not  only  of  the  staples 
but  largely  of  the  luxuries  of  life.  In  the  era  now  past 
a  very  large  proportion  of  the  staple  necessities  of 
life  for  the  people  of  the  South,  in  the  shape  of  beef, 
mutton,  baoon.  lard,  butter  and  cheese,  have  been  gap 

71694 


D.  H.  HILL  LIBRARY 

North  Carolina  State  CoFlege 


THE  SOUTHBBN  FLANTEB. 


I January 


plied  from  the  North  and  West,  and  the  opinion  has 
been  held  that  the  South  conld  not  produce  these  ne 
oeesitiee  profitably  in  competition  with  the  North  and 
West.  The  wonderful  prosperity  of  the  whole  conn- 
try  and  the  changed  conditions  of  the  West,  where  the 
area  of  free  range  for  live  stock  ha?  been  so  much  cur 
tailed  by  settlement  and  conversion  of  the  lands  into 
enclosed  farms,  has  completely  changed  the  conditions 
affecting  the  production  of  the  staple  products  of  the 
West,  and  caused  them  to  so  advance  in  price  as  to  ren- 
der it  beyond  question  that  the  South  can  well  afford  to 
produce  these  articles,  and  in  addition  many  of  the  lux 
uries  of  life,  if  only  our  farmers  will  equip  themselves 
for  the  task.  This  equipment  means  not  merely 
the  establishment  of  herds  and  flocks  to  supply  the 
beef,  mutton,  bacon,  milk  and  butter  which  the  people 
need,  but  the  knowledge  to  enable  them  to  make  the 
change  in  their  system  of  farming  which  these  herds 
and  flocks  will  entail  if  their  management  is  to  be 
profitable.  The  census  returns  go  to  show  that  the 
acquisition  of  live  stock  in  the  South  is  already  mak- 
ing considerable  headway  and  creeping  up  gradually 
in  numbers  to  those  which  existed  in  the  South  before 
the  West  was  opened  out  to  settlement,  and  when  the 
South,  East  and  North  made  their  supplies  at  home. 
In  1850  Virginia,  including  West  Virginia,  had 
J17,619  dairy  cows.  In  1870,  this  number  had  been 
reduced  to  188,471.  In  1890,  the  number  had  increased 
to  281,876.  In  1850,  Virginia  had  758,658  other  cat 
tie.  In  1870,  this  number  had  beenireduced  to  323,272. 
In  189D,  the  number  had  grown  to  543,636.  In  1850, 
Virginia  had  1,310,004  sheep.  In  1870,  the  number 
was  370,145.  In  1890,  the  number  had  grown  to 
392,125.  In  1850,  Virginia  had  1,829,848  hogs.  In 
1870,  the  number  was  674,670.  In  1890,  this  number 
had  grown  to  946,443.  North  Carolina  had  in  1850 
221,799  dairy  cows.  In  1870,  the  number  was  196,731. 
In  1890,  this  number  had  increased  to  233,178.  In 
1850,  North  Carolina  had  471,711  other  cattle.  In 
1870,  this  number  had  been  reduced  to  324,431.  In 
1890,  this  number  had  increased  to  391,340.  In  1850, 
North  Carolina  had  595,249  sheep.  In  1870,  thia  num- 
ber had  been  redribed  to  463,435.  In  1890,  the  num- 
ber was  208,812.  In  1850,  North  Carolina  had  1,812,813 
hogs.  In  1870,  the  number  had  been  reduced  to 
1,075,215.  In  1890,  the  number  had  increased  to 
1,300,469.  South  Carolina  had  in  1850  193,244  dairy 
oows.  In  1870,  this  number  had  been  reduced  to 
98,693.  In  1890,  the  number  had  increased  to  126,684. 
In  1850,  South  Carolina  had  584,442  other  cattle.  In 
1870,  this  number  had  been  reduced  to  150,610.  In 
1890,  the  number  had  increased  to  316,214.  In  1850, 
South  Carolina  had  285,551  sheep.  This  number  has 
decreased  each  decennium  until  in  1890  the  number 
was  only  52,436.  In  1850,  South  Carolina  had  1,065,503      Mention  the  Soiohem  Flanter  to  yonr  ftienda. 


hogs.  In  1870,  this  number  had  been  reduced  to 
395,999.  In  1890,  this  number  had  increased  to  618,995. 
Coincidentally  with  this  increase,  there  has  undoubt- 
edly been  a  great  improvement  in  the  quality  of  the 
animals  kept. 

This  improvement  has  been  much  more  marked  in  the 
last  decennium  than  in  any  other  period,  and  it  would 
not  probably  be  an  exaggeration  to  say  that  the  aver- 
age increase  in  weight  of  the  carcasses  of  beef,  mut- 
ton and  hogs  has  been  increased  nearly  one  fourth, 
and  in  productive  capacity  in  milk  and  butter  of  the 
dairy  cows  of  nearly  the  same  quantity.  The  South 
is  yet  a  long  way  behind  the  West  and  North  in  the 
average  quality  of  the  stock  kept,  and,  as  a  conse- 
quence, a  long  way  behind  those  sections  in  the  aver- 
age profit  made  in  handling  stock.  To  overcome  these 
drawbacks  has  been  one  of  the  objects  which  TJie 
Planter  has  kept  steadily  in  view  ever  since  it  came 
into  our  hands.  We  have  striven  month  by  month 
to  bring  before  the  farmers  of  the  South  the  necessity 
for  attention  to  live  stock  husbandry  and  the  im- 
portance of  this  factor  in  the  improvement  of  our 
lauds  and  the  economic  condition  of  the  farmers.  To 
secure  this  end,  we  have  striven  to  encourage  the  read- 
ing habit  amongst  farmers  by  reducing  the  cost  of  thia 
journal  to  a  minimum  and  by  making  it  the  medium 
through  which  the  experts  and  master  minds  in  live- 
stock husbandry  should  popularize  their  teachings. 
We  have  in  this  way  sought  to  overcome  the  prejudice 
so  deeply  rooted  In  the  South  against  so-called  "book 
farming,"  and  by  making  the  journal  the  exponent  of 
practical  as  against  theoretical  farming  have  endeav- 
ored to  evoke  an  intelligent  and  understanding  com- 
prehension of  the  science  of  agriculture,  so  that  in- 
stead of  working  by  "rule  of  thumb,"  farmers  may 
work  in  the  light  of  the  rules  of  science  and  practice. 
This  issue  we  have  made  a  special  live  stock  number, 
and  illustrated  it  with  pictures  of  some  of  the  leading 
breeds  of  live  stock  adapted  to  Southern  conditions. 
The  articles  accompanying  these  pictures  are  written 
by  leading  experts  In  the  particular  lines  which  they 
treat  upon,  and  we  are  satisfied  that  the  information 
to  be  found  In  this  Issue  will  be  of  constantly  increas- 
ing value  to  every  reader.  It  is  our  intention  during 
the  year  to  continue  our  monthly  talks  on  "  Work  for 
the  Month,"  and  our  replies  to  questions  through  the 
"Enquirers'  Column,"  and  to  make  each  department 
of  the  journal  as  full  of  information  on  the  particular 
specialty  therein  dealt  with  as  our  limits  will  allow. 
We  appeal  to  our  friends  to  give  us  their  assistance 
In  increasing  the  circulation  of  The  Planter,  assuring 
them  that  our  whole  concern  and  thought  will  be  to 
advance  the  prosperity  of  Southern  farmers. 


1903] 


TEE  80UTHBEN  PIlAJTEBB. 


Farm   Management. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH. 

The  higher  range  of  valaes  for  all  agricaltural  pro 
ducts  which  has  now  continued  for  more  than  two 
years  still  holds  good  ;  indeed,  in  respect  to  some  of 
these,  prices  have  still  further  advanced  during  the 
year  just  closing,  and  this  satisfactory  condition  of 
affairs  for  the  farmer  will,  we  think,  be  not  likely  to 
floon  come  to  an  end,  certainly  not  so  long  as  labor 
continues  to  be  so  well  employed  as  at  present.  The 
consumption  of  all  the  staple  products  of  the  farm, 
and  of  most  of  the  luxuries,  some  of  which,  like  to 
bacco,  we  produce  largely  in  the  South,  is  enormous, 
and  it  would  require  an  immense  overproduction  of 
these  to  seriously  affect  market  values  whilst  business 
<3ontinue8  good.  Whilst  we  have  had  large  wheat  and 
oat  crops,  and  an  immense  corn  crop,  yet  these,  and 
especially  corn,  came  at  a  time  when  there  was  no 
large  surplus  held  over  from  previous  years;  indeed. 
In  the  case  of  corn,  when  there  was  an  immense  defi- 
cit caused  by  the  failure  of  the  crop  a  year  ago.  The 
supplies  of  fat  stock  of  all  kinds  are  short,  and  are 
likely  to  continue  so  for  years,  as  the  great  source 
from  whence  these  come — the  West — was  compelled  a 
year  ago  to  sacrifice,  in  a  half  fat  or  store  condition, 
immense  numbers  of  animals  which  should  have  been 
held  over  for  this  and  next  year. 

Until  the  deficit  thus  caused  is  made  good,  which 
will  be  a  slow  process  whilst  consumption  con 
tinues  so  large  as  during  the  past  year,  prices  must 
remain  good.  When  prices  are  high,  the  temptation 
to  sell  stock  which  should  be  held  over  either  for 
breeders  or  for  better  finishing  is  too  great  to  be  re 
sisted,  and  hence  the  progress  of  recuperation  of 
stocks  is  a  slow  one.  Dairy  products  have  advanced 
in  price  since  the  unfair  competition  of  oleomargerine 
has  been  destroyed  or  largely  curtailed,  and  this  ad 
vance  is  likely  to  hold  and  make  further  progress. 
With  such  a  prospect  before  them,  we  see  no  reason 
why  farmers  should  not  prepare  to  make  large  crops 
during  the  year  now  commencing,  and  especially  so 
with  those  crops  which  are  to  be  converted  on  the 
farm  into  meat  or  dairy  products.  This  is  the  true 
line  on  which  farmers  should  seek  to  develop  their  re 
sources,  as  it  will  not  only  result  in  the  securing  of  a 
better  return  for  their  labors,  but  will  also  result  in 
continued  improvement  of  the  fertility  of  the  farm. 
The  one  difficulty  which  largely  confronts  South- 
ern farmers  is  the  labor  question.  Thousands  of  col- 
ored hands  have  left  the  country  districts,  and  found 
employment  in  the  large  cities  and  towns,  and  on  the 
railroads,  and  this  exodus  of  labor  is  going  to  continue 
BO  long  as  trade  continues  good.  The  only  way  to  meet 


it  is  to  turn  large  areas  of  arable  land  into  permanent 
grass  and  meadows  and  to  make  use  largely  in  the 
working  of  the  arable  land  and  of  the  meadows,  of  the 
labor  saving  machinery  which  has  been  invented  and 
put  on  the  market  at  such  reasonable  prices.  With 
this  machinery  hands  can  be  dispensed  with  and 
better  work  be  done  and  crops  be  made  and  saved  at 
less  cost  than  ever  in  the  past.  Another  means  of  sav- 
ing cost  must  be  found  In  the  production  of  larger 
crops  on  the  same  area  of  land.  This  will  be  found 
easy  when  the  crops  are  largely  converted  into  meat 
and  dairy  products  on  the  farm,  resulting  in  a  larger 
production  of  home-made  manure,  which  is  the  best 
and  cheapest  fertilizer  which  a  farmer  can  use,  and 
which.  If  supplemented  where  needed  with  commer- 
cial fertilizer,  will  easily  result  In  doubling  our  pres- 
ent crops  without  adding  one  acre  to  the  land  under 
cultivation.  The  cost  of  making  and  saving  a  crop 
of  40  bushels  of  wheat,  or  of  50  bushels  of  corn  to 
the  acre,  will  be  found  to  be  very  little  more  than 
that  of  making  and  saving  our  present  meagre  crops 
of  12  or  15  bushels  of  wheat  and  15  to  25  bushels  of 
corn  to  the  acre.  The  secret  of  this  Increased  pro- 
duction to  the  acre  will  be  found  in  better  prepara- 
tion of  the  land  before  planting,  and  In  the  use  of 
farm-yard  manure  and  the  leguminous  crops  to  sup- 
ply humus  to  the  soil.  The  profitable  conversion  of 
these  crops  into  money  lies  in  the  use  of  better  bred 
live  stock,  which  will  mature  in  half  the  time  re- 
quired by  the  present  scrub  stock,  and  which  will 
make  meat  and  dairy  products  always  commanding 
the  top  figure  on  the  market.  In  this  issue  we  have 
brought  together  a  large  mass  of  information  as  to 
these  better  bred  animals  with  pictures  of  typical  spe- 
cimens of  the  breeds.  We  bespeak  for  this  matter 
the  careful  study  of  our  readers.  It  means  thousands 
of  dollars  In  the  pockets  of  Southern  farmers  and  a 
complete  change  in  the  appearance  of  thousands  of 
acres  of  land. 


The  work  that  can  be  done  on  the  land  during 
the  present  month  is  usually  small,  as  it  is  the  one 
month  in  the  year  when,  if  we  are  to  have  any  win- 
ter we  are  pretty  certain  to  get  It ;  yet  In  the  major- 
ity of  years  there  are  days  even  In  this  month  when 
plowing  can  be  done  and  the  clearing  up  of  land 
intended  to  be  cropped  can  make  progress,  if  only 
labor  can  be  secured.  The  N«w  Year's  holiday,  how- 
ever, largely  prevents  any  reliance  being  placed  on  the 
hands  till  towards  the  close  of  the  month.  It  is  well, 
therefore,  not  to  attempt  much  beyond  seeing  that 
abundant  supplies  of  feed  are  kept  on  hand  at  the  barn 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAITTKB. 


[January 


convenient  for  fee«iing,  so  that  if  any  hard  weather 
Bhonld  set  in  there  will  be  no  fear  of  the  stock  suflFer 
ing.  If  the  weather  be  mild  and  the  land  dry  enough, 
plowing  should  be  done,  so  as  to  lessen  work  later  in 
the  spring.  Let  this  work  be  done  thoroughly.  Plow 
deep,  and  where  possible  and  the  subsoil  is  a  good  clay 
one,  subsoil  as  well.  In  plowing  land  deep  so  as  to 
add  depth  to  the  soil,  do  not  turn  the  furrow  slice 
completely  over,  but  leave  it  on  edge,  so  that  the  new 
soil  may  be  mixed  with  the  old  soil  in  working.  New 
soil  brought  from  the  bottom  of  the  furrow  will  not 
produce  large  crops  until  thoroughly  serated  and  dis 
integrated  by  the  action  of  the  weather,  and  this  takes 
time ;  hence,  this  deep  plowing  should  not  be  done 
late  in  the  spiing.  The  mixing  of  the  old  and  new 
soil  tends  to  hasten  the  fitting  of  the  soil  for  crop  pro- 
duction, and  hence  the  importance  of  bo  plowing  as  to 
admit  of  this.  The  value  of  subsoiling  where  the  sabsoil 
is  a  good  one,  is  not  half  appreciated  as  it  ought  to  be. 
It  breaks  loose  the  hard  pan  nearly  always  to  be  found 
where  shallow  plowing  has  been  the  rule  for  years, 
and  renders  this  permeable  by  the  rainfall  where  the 
water  is  stored  for  the  use  of  the  crop  in  the  summer. 
It  makes  largely  available  inert  plant  food  in  the 
shape  of  phosphoric  acid  and  potash,  which  is  always 
present  in  the  soil  in  more  or  less  abundance,  and  only 
requires  the  action  of  th«  atmosphere,  water  and  humic 
acid  supplied  from  decaying  vegetable  matter  to  be 
come  available  for  the  necessities  of  the  crop.  Our 
own  experience  has  convicced  us  that  in  every  case 
except  where  the  subsoil  is  sandy  or  leachy,  subsoiling 
may  be  done  with  profit. 


Whenever  the  land  is  dry  enough  to  haul  on,  get 
out  farm  yard  manure  and  top-dress  wheat,  oats  or 
grass  land,  or  apply  it  on  the  land  newly  plowed  and 
which  is  to  be  put  in  crop  in  the  spring.  The  mineral 
fertilizers,  acid  phosphate  and  potash,  may  be  applied 
along  with  the  manure  on  the  plowed  land  without 
fear  of  loss,  and  then  the  whole  can  be  worked  in  to 
gether  later  in  the  spring,  and  thus  much  time  be 
saved.  Farm  yard  manure  is  much  better  on  the  land 
than  leaching  away  in  the  farm-yard  and  pens. 


Glean  up  land  intended  to  be  cropped  which  has 
laid  untilled  for  years.  Whatever  is  done  in  this  way 
let  it  be  done  thoroughly.  Qet  out  all  stumps  and 
haul  off  all  rocks.  Left  on  the  land  they  only  serve 
to  harbor  weeds,  briers,  insects  and  fungoid  diseases, 
and  are  a  constant  hindrance  to  good  cultivation.  Use 
the  rocks  to  repair  the  roads.  Let  all  fences  be  re 
paired  and  make  them  straight.  An  old  worm  fence 
which  is  insufficient  to  turn  stock,  will  often  supply 
rails  enfficient  to  make  a  new  straight  fence  capable 
of  turning  any  stock.  Set  posts  the  length  of  the  rails 


apart  and  fasten  four  or  five  rails  to  these  posts,  holdings 
them  in  place  by  running  a  piece  of  plain  fence  wire 
from  the  bottom  to  the  top  of  the  post  on  one  side. 
Fasten  the  wire  to  the  post  with  staples,  making  loops' 
to  hold  the  rails  in  the  proper  places. 


All  wet  places  should  be  drained  and  ditches  b& 
cleaned  out  so  as  to  give  a  quick  fall  to  the  water  and 
a  good  outlet.  In  putting  in  drains  put  them  in  deep^ 
three  feet  to  three  feet  six  inches  is  little  enough.  It 
is  the  underlying  water  which  requires  to  be  got  rid 
of.  The  surface  water  will  soon  enough  find  its  way 
off  the  land  when  there  is  no  underlying  strata  of 
water  to  keep  it  on  the  surface. 


Fill  the  ice  house  at  the  first  opportunity.  The  firab 
opportunity  is  often  the  last  in  the  South.  Use  plenty 
of  sawdust  in  packing  the  ice.  It  is  the  surest  pre- 
servative against  waste. 


On  wet  and  stormy  days  clean  up,  repair  and  paint 
all  tools  and  implements.  Time  spent  in  this  way 
will  be  money  saved. 


RANDOn  NOTES, 


Pecans — Sorrel — Timothy  in  South  Carolina — 
Alfalfa — Lettuce  Qrowing,  Etc. 

Editor  Southern  Planter  : 

Tour  types  in  the  December  number  make  me  say 
just  what  I  did  not  intend  to  say.  I  meant  to  say  that 
I  agreed  with  you  in  not  advising  the  planting  of  pe- 
cans outside  the  cotton  belt. 

Mr.  Knapenberger  is  right  in  saying  that  the  pres- 
ence of  acid  plants,  like  sheep  sorrel,  is  not  neces- 
sarily an  indication  that  the  land  is  sour.  The  acid  in 
the  sorrel  does  not  come  from  the  soil,  but  is  one  of 
the  results  of  the  assimilative  action  of  the  green 
leaves,  and  comes  from  the  air.  But  there  is  no  doubt 
that  some  plants  can  abide  acidity  in  the  soil,  while 
others  cannot.  The  soil  that  grows  sorrel  may  be  acid, 
and  if  this  is  the  case,  it  will  not  grow  clover  well,  for 
the  microbes  that  live  on  the  clover  roots  cannot  thrive 
in  an  acid  soil.  Then,  frequently  the  best  means  for 
banishing  the  sorrel  is  to  introduce,  through  liming, 
the  conditions  favorable  to  the  clover,  and  thus 
smother  out  the  sorrel.  If  I  had  land  infested  with 
sorrel,  I  would  test  it  for  acidity  with  blue  litmus  pa- 
per, and  if  found  to  be  acid,  I  would  have  a  short  road 
to  banishing  the  sorrel.  Get  a  heavy  growth  of  clover 
on  the  land  and  the  sorrel  will  have  no  chance. 

I  think  that  your  correspondent  in  Lexington  county, 
S.  C,  will  find  that  timothy  will  make  but  one  crop 
there  after  seeding,  and  the  summer  will  kill  it  out> 


1903] 


THE  BOUTHERN  PL  ANTES. 


He  had  better  use  red  top  and  meadow  fescae,  and  get 
far  better  reenlts  than  from  timothy  in  his  climate. 
The  fescue  will  make  the  main  part  of  the  first  cutting 
and  the  red  top  will  give  him  a  late  mowing.  I  saw  a 
beautiful  piece  of  alfalfa  the  past  summer  at  Athens, 
Oa.,  on  a  mellow  red  clay  loam,  and  was  told  that  it 
was  cut  five  times  during  a  season.  At  Occoneechee 
Farm,  near  Hillsboro,  N.  C,  Colonel  Carr  has  a  large 
field  of  alfalfa  on  red  clay  upland  which  has  been  pro 
ductive  now  for  a  number  of  years.  There  is  no  doubt 
that  as  the  conditions  for  success  are  better  understood 
in  the  South,  alfalfa  will  be  largely  grown,  and  with 
plenty  of  hay  from  alfalfa  and  the  cow  pea,  we  may 
hope  to  see  stock  feeding  grow  in  importance  in  the 
cotton  country. 

I  had  rather  have  strychnine  and  a  good  shot  gun 
for  sheep  killing  dogs  than  any  dog  law  that  was  ever 
put  on  the  statute  books. 

My  frame  lettuce  is  rapidly  being  destroyed  by  the 
etem-rot  fungus.  It  is  largely  due,  I  believe,  to  the 
use  of  heavy  applications  of  fertilizer  in  which  the 
nitrogen  came  from  cotton  seed  meal.  Where  none  of 
this  was  put  I  have  no  rot.  Then,  too,  I  made  the 
mistake  of  not  changing  the  soil  in  the  frames,  but 
planted  the  same  soil  that  was  used  last  winter.  The 
result  is,  that  I  shall  lose  fully  half  the  crop,  and  as  I 
am  now  getting  75  cents  a  dozen,  this  means  quite  a 
loss.  Old  lettuce  soil  and  cotton  seed  meal  fertilizer 
have  been  responsible.  Hereafter  we  will  get  nitrogen 
for  our  lettuce  fertilizer,  either  from  fish  scrap  or 
dried  blood.  Stable  manure  seems  to  have  the  same 
effect  in  promoting  fungus  that  the  cotton  seed  meal 
has. 

That  potato  yarn  Mr.  Jefifers  reports  where  four  po 
tatoes  weighing  8i  lbs.  tilled  a  barrel,  is  rather  thin.  It 
takes  150  lbs.  of  sweet  potatoes  to  make  a  barrel.  We 
had  one  that  weighed  a  fraction  over  9  lbs.,  and  it 
would  have  been  a  small  barrel  that  four  such  would 
have  filled.  The  quince  Mr.  J.  tells  about  is  probably 
the  Chinese  quince.  It  is  too  tender  for  the  North, 
but  should  be  grown  largely  from  Mar j land,  south 
ward.  W.  F.  Massey, 

Editor  of  Practical  Farmer. 


FERTILIZERS  DO  NOT  REPLACE  TILLAGE. 

Editor  Southern  Planter  : 

A  most  common  mistake  of  farmers  is  to  expect  too 
much  of  fertilizers,  due  to  no  little  extent  no  doubt  to 
the  extravagant  claims  made  by  many  fertilizer  deal- 
ers. Fertilizers  are  simply  a  form  of  concentrated  ma 
nnre,  and  their  use  arose  largely  from  the  fact  that  not 
enough  farm  yard  manure  can  be  made  on  the  average 
farm  to  keep  the  soil  in  good  condition.  Careful  til- 
lage is  just  as  important  with  fertilizeis  as  with  farm- 


yard manure.  It  is  true  that  fertilizers  do  not  stock 
up  a  soil  with  all  kinds  of  weed  seeds,  but  keeping  the 
soil  pulverized  and  porous  and  the  maintenance  of  the 
earth  mulch  is  not  the  less  important  on  this  account. 

Farm  yard  manures  are  more  or  less  a  complete 
manure ;  and  while  it  is  true  that  the  potash  and  phos- 
phates contained  in  same  become  available  as  plant- 
food  much  less  rapidly  than  the  nitrogen,  still  a  large 
proportion  ultimately  become  serviceable  to  growing 
plants.  This  is  the  point  too  generally  overlooked  by 
farmers  in  buying  fertilizers.  Figured  on  a  fertilizer 
formula,  manure  contains  equal  percentages  of  potash 
and  nitrogen,  and  half  as  much  phosphoric  acid.  Fer- 
tilizers need  not  follow  these  proportions  closely  be- 
cause the  nitrogen  is  needlessly  large  when  we  con- 
sider the  enormous  quantities  stored  in  soils  by  plants 
of  the  clover  family.  So  far  as  the  mineral  plant  food 
elements  are  concerned,  and  by  mineral  plant  food  is 
commonly  meant  potash  and  the  phosphates,  it  is  very 
probable  that  farm  yard  manure  represents  closely 
the  actual  needs  of  average  crops. 

This  is  the  point  to  establish  clearly  before  we  go  on 
the  subject  of  tillage.  If  the  fertilizers  are  unsuitable 
for  the  crop,  tillage  of  itself  can  do  nothing.  The  cor- 
rect balancing  of  the  plant- food  in  fertilizers  must  be 
studied  with  reference  to  the  actual  needs  of  crops  in 
plant  food,  and  the  largest  crop  it  is  hoped  to  make. 
A  well  balanced  fertilizer  for  20  bushels  of  corn  per 
acre,  for  example,  cannot  make  40  bushels.  Farmers 
must  read  and  study  out  these  points  for  themselves. 
The  problem  is  neither  intricate  nor  difficult,  simply 
a  matter  of  studying  t^e  composition  of  crops,  being 
particular  to  take  the  whole  crop  growth  into  consid- 
eration, for  plant-food  is  as  much  required  to  make  the 
roughage  as  to  make  the  valuable  sale  portion,  and 
the  one  cannot  be  grown  without  the  other. 

The  function  of  tillage  is  to  prepare  soil  conditions 
lavorable  to  the  germination  of  seed  ;  that  is,  to  keep 
the  soil  open  and  porous,  and  well  pulverized,  and 
even.  It  also  serves  to  conserve  moisture  by  the  well 
known  earth  mulch,  by  keeping  an  even  soil  texture, 
and  by  keeping  down  the  growth  of  weeds  which  use 
moisture  thus  robbing  the  valuable  plants.  Tha  func 
tlon  of  fertilizer  is  the  same  as  that  of  manure  of 
all  kinds.  It  simply  supplies  plant  food — nitrogen, 
potash  and  phosphoric  acid.  Plant  food  can  do  little 
without  tillage,  tillage  can  do  nothing  without  plant- 
food.     These  are  things  to  keep  In  mind. 

As  mentioned  before,  the  composition  of  the  fertil- 
izer Is  Important,  for  plants  must  have  certain  pro 
portions  of  the  three  elements,  and  no  great  excess  of 
any  one,  or  of  any  two  for  that  matter,  can  make  up 
for  the  scarcity  of  any  one  of  them.  On  this  account, 
It  Is  of  first  Importance  to  study  the  composition  of 
the  fertilizers  used. 

P.  J.  Christian. 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAITTEB. 


[January 


ENQUIRER'S  COLUMN. 

Bnqairiee  shoald  be  sent  to  the  office  of  7^  Southern  Planttr 
Sichmond,  Va.,  not  later  than  the  15th  of  the  month,  for  re 
pliee  to  appear  in  the  next  month's  issue  of  the  Planter. 


Utilization  of  Dead  Animals, 

Please  describe  in  your  answers  to  queries  some 
ea^y  and  practical  way  by  means  of  which  the  farmer 
can  utilize  the  bodies  of  dead  animals  as  fertilizers, 
and  nob  turn  them  over  to  the  dogs  and  vultures.  A 
large  quantity  of  nitrogenous  material  is  wasted  in 
this  way  each  year  on  every  farm. 

Lackawanna  Co.,  Pa.  Thos.  A.  Kay,  M.  D. 

The  only  means  of  utilizing  the  dead  carcasses  of 
animals  so  that  they  may  be  efifectually  converted  into 
fertilizer  without  becoming  offensive  or  a  nuisance,  is 
to  put  them  into  a  tank  and  pour  sulphuric  acid  over 
them.  This  will  dissolve  the  flesh  and  bones,  and  the 
resultant  matter  can  then  be  mixed  with  dry  soil  and 
be  then  applied  to  the  land.  There  is,  however,  con 
BiderabJe  risk  in  thus  dealing  with  them,  as  the  hand- 
ling of  the  acid  is  dangerous  work  unless  provided 
with  proper  appliances.  Some  farmers  dispose  of 
carcasses  by  placing  them  in  a  pit  and  covering  with 
qaick  lime  and  soil.  This  process  is  slower  than  with 
the  acid,  but  much  safer.  Probably  the  easiest  and 
Bafeet  way  to  dispose  of  animals  which  have  died 
from  disease,  is  to  burn  them.  In  this  way  all  traces 
and  germs  of  the  disease  are  destroyed  and  the  result 
ing  ashes  can  be  used  as  a  fertilizer.  In  any  event, 
dead  carcasses  should  not  be  left  about  the  farm  for 
dogs  and  buzzards  to  consume.  The  practice  of  thus 
disposing  of  them  is  the  prolific  cause  of  the  dissemi 
nation  of  disease  amongst  animals.  We  have  had 
positive  evidence  of  hog  cholera  being  thus  carried 
from  one  fai  m  to  another  by  buzzards.  We  would 
like  to  see  a  law  passed  making  it  compulsory  to  de- 
stroy every  buzzard  in  the  country.  If  we  had  no 
buzzards,  farmers  would  bury  or  burn  their  dead  ani- 
mals and  danger  of  the  spread  of  disease  would  be 
lessened. — Ed. 


Fall  and  Winter  Plowing. 

1.  I  notice  that  The  Planter  is  an  advocate  of  faU 
plowing  on  general  principles,  but  as  there  is  a  diver 
sity  of  opinion  as  to  how  far  fall  plowing  should  be 
practiced,  I  would  ask  the  Editor  if,  in  his  opinion, 
such  plowing  should  be  done  in  all  cases. 

2.  A  field  on  which  wheat  is  grown  is  covered  in  the 
fall  with  weeds  and  grass  which  will  make  a  mnlch 
through  the  winter  in  case  one  doesn't  care  to  put 
in  grain  to  farm  a  mulch,  would  it  be  best  to  plow 
under  the  trash  in  the  fall  or  leave  it  as  a  mulch,  at 
least  till  late  wint«r  t 

3.  Another  piece  of  rather  heavy  land  of  low  fer 
tility,  having  a  tendency  to  run  together  and  wash,  is 
covered  with  a  light  coat  of  grass  and  weeds,  en9ngh  to 


prevent  washing.  Would  this  land  be  benefited  by  fall 
plowing,  in  case  no  grain  crop  is  sown  1 

As  the  above  described  fields  are  typical  of  large 
sections  of  the  South,  with  slight  variations,  consider- 
ation of  the  subject  will  no  doubt  prove  helpful  t* 
others  as  well  as  myself. 

Surry  Co. ,  Va.  J.  A.  Moobe. 

1.  There  is,  no  doubt,  a  diversity  of  opinion  as  to  the 
wisdom  of  fall  and  winter  plowing  of  land  in  a  coun- 
try where  the  winter  is  usually  mild,  but  our  own  opin- 
ion is  strongly  in  favor  of  the  practice  for  reasons 
which  we  have  fully  explained  in  numerous  articles- 
Wherever  the  work  can  be  done  early  enough  to  per- 
mit of  the  sowing  of  a  winter-growing  crop  we  would 
always  seed  such  a  crop  because  of  its  value  as  a  con- 
server  of  fertility  and  maker  of  humus,  which  almost 
all  Southern  lands  need  even  more  than  fertilizer. 

2.  We  would  turn  down  the  grass  and  weeds  before- 
they  seed  in  order  to  lessen  the  plague  of  weeds  which 
make  so  much  unnecessary  work  and  rob  the  soil.  If 
allowed  to  remain  on  the  surface  until  winter  they 
will  have  shed  their  seed  and  make  work  and  rob  the- 
soil  of  fertility.  Weeds  consume  plant  food  and  mois- 
ture just  as  surely  as  profitable  crops,  and  make> 
no  return  for  what  they  take. 

3.  The  way  to  cure  this  land  of  its  tendency  to  wash 
and  run  together,  if  both  conditions  can  exist  simulta- 
neously, which  is  doubtful,  is  to  plow  it  deeply  and 
get  it  filled  with  humus.  Therefore  it  should  be  plowed 
deeply  early  enough  to  seed,  in  a  winter  growing  legu- 
minous croj)  to  be  turned  down  in  the  spring. — Ed. 


Service  of  Sow. 

I  notice  your  reply  in  the  December  number  of  the 
Planter  to  G.  W.  B.,  of  Middlesex  county,  with  refer- 
ence to  the  number  of  times  a  sow  may  drop  a  litter 
of  pigs  within  ten  months.  You  said  that  a  sow  will 
usually  accept  service  within  a  week  after  dropping^ 
pigs.  Ton  will  please  tell  us  in  the  January  number 
of  the  Planter  how  she  is  brought  in  heat  so  soon. 

Mecklenburg  Co.,  Va.  A  Subscriber. 

The  sow  (like  a  mare)  will  naturally  accept  service 
within  a  week  after  farrowing.  There  is  no  necessity 
to  use  any  artificial  means. — Ed. 


Canada  Peas. 

Having  read  the  article  in  the  December  issue  of 
the  Planter  about  Canada  peas  sowed  for  hogs,  I  hav» 
ordered  3  bushels  to  plant  on  a  trial  basis. 

How  do  you  prepare  them  for  feed  1  Do  you  turn 
the  hogs  in  on  them  while  in  a  green  state,  or  cut  them 
like  oats  and  feed  them  1  How  many  bushels  per  acre 
is  a  good  crop  of  them  1 

Baltimore,  Md.  S.  D.  JONES. 

This  crop  is  usually  grown  for  a  hog  pasture,  iur 
which  case  the  hogs  should  be  turned  in  as  soon  as  the 
peaa  are  about  half  grown  in  the  pods.  They  will  then 


1M3.] 


THE  BOTJTHBEN  PLABTBE 


consume  both  the  vines  and  pods.  If  grown  for  hay, 
of  which  it  makes  a  fine  quality,  cut  when  the  peas  are 
fully  formed  but  before  they  commence  to  ripen  and 
then  the  vines  can  be  saved  with  the  leaf  on  them. 
Always  have  the  crop  off  the  ground  before  the  hot 
weather  sets  in  or  it  will  likely  be  lost.  The  crop  may 
be  cut  for  green  feed  like  Crimson  clover  or  oats,  if 
desired. 

It  is  not  a  suitable  crop  to  grow  for  seed  in  the 
South,  as  before  the  peas  ripen  the  hot  weather  causes 
mildew  to  attack  it,  and  when  this  starts  the  whole 
crop  is  soon  lost. — Ed. 


Grazing  Wheat. 

We  are  asked  as  to  the  advisability  of  grazing  wheat. 
Wherever  wheat  has  made  a  strong  growth  ejfrly  in  the 
winter  it  is  a  good  practice  to  graze  it  with  calves  and 
sheep  whenever  the  land  is  dry  during  the  winter  and 
up  to  about  the  1st  of  April.  It  should  not,  however, 
be  grazed  too  close.  The  effect  of  grazing  is  to  make 
the  plant  tiller  and  spread  over  the  field. — Ed. 


A  Dark  Cow  Barn. 

A  lady  in  Patrick  county,  Va.,  writes  us  that  her 
husband  has  built  a  barn  in  part  of  which  he  has  a 
cow  stable,  but  has  made  no  provision  for  lighting  the 
stable  except  a  small  hole  into  each  stall.  She  says 
the  cows  object  to  go  Into  it,  atjd  one  can  scarcely  see 
how  to  milk  them.  She  wants  to  know  if  this  is  a 
proper  place  for  cows. 

In  reply,  we  would  say  that  such  a  place  is  no  more 
fit  to  keep  cows  in  than  it  would  be  for  a  human  be- 
ing to  live  in.  Sunlight,  daylight  and  plenty  of  fresh 
air  are  as  essential  to  the  health  and  welldoing  of  live 
stock  of  any  kind  as  they  are  for  mankind.  Cattle 
kept  in  such  a  barn  as  this  can  never  long  be  healthy. 
The  surest  destroyer  of  all  disease  germs  is  sunlight. 
— Bd. 


Lightening  a  Clay  Soil. 

I  have  some  clay  galls  I  am  going  to  cover  with  rot 
ten  sawdust  and  plow  under,  and  then  apply  ground 
silica,  barrow  and  sow  in  cow  peas,  or  soy  beans. 

1.  How  much  silica  would  you  advise  to  put  to  the 
acret 

2.  Would  you  sow  before  or  after  plowing  ? 
Cleveland,  Tenn  Henry  D.  Ayee. 

1.  As  the  only  effect  of  the  silica  will  be  a  mechan 
leal  one,  you  may  apply  such  a  quantity  as,  in  your 
judgment,  you  think  will  sufficiently  lighten  and  dis- 
integrate the  clay,  so  as  to  make  it  more  of  a  loamy 
nature. 

2.  We  would  apply  after  plowing  and  harrow  it  into 
he  clay  soil. — Ed. 


Lame  Horse. 

I  have  a  horse  that  is  lame  in  one  of  his  hind  legs. 
It  seems  to  be  hip  joint  lameness.  Can  you  give  me  a 
remedy  for  it?  I  have  tried  several  liniments,  and 
nothing  I  have  tried  has  relieved  him.  There  is  no 
swelling  or  enlargement  anywhere  on  th«  leg,  but  he 
is  lame  when  he  trots.  It  does  not  affect  his  work  only 
in  driving. 

King  and  Queen  Co.,  Va.  E.  J.  Vatighan. 

If  the  trouble  really  be  in  the  hip  joint,  it  is  doubt- 
ful whether  any  treatment  will  be  of  service  now.  To 
prevent  permanent  lameness  from  hip  joint  injury  the 
remedy  should  be  applied  at  once  after  the  injury, 
and  even  then  the  result  is  doubtful.  A  long  period 
of  rest  is  absolutely  essential.  A  shoe  with  high  heels 
should  be  fitted,  and  hot  water  fomentations  should 
be  frequently  applied  to  the  part,  and  mercurial  oint- 
ment be  well  rubbed  in. — Ed. 


Pasture  Grasses  for  Light  Land. 

I  have  some  rather  steep  land  that  is  loose  and  in- 
clined to  wash,  which  I  want  to  set  in  grass  next 
spring  for  pasture.  What  variety  of  grass  do  you  re- 
commend? How  would  Johnson  grass  do?  Is  it  a 
good  pasture  and  hay  grass  !  I  want  something  that 
will  make  a  good  sod  and  prevent  the  land  from 
washing. 

Bristol,  Tenn.  SuBSCEiBEE. 

Plow  the  land  deeply,  and  thus  make  it  possible  for 
the  water  to  get  down  into  the  subsoil  instead  of  wash- 
ing off  the  surface  soil.  Work  fine,  and  then  seed  in 
March  or  April  or  in  August  or  September  a  mixture 
of  the  following  grasses:  Orchard  grass,  perennial  rye, 
Virginia  blue,  meadow  fescue  and  Hungarian  brome. 
Sow  at  the  rate  of  three  bushels  to  the  acre.  Johnson 
gra-s  is  not  adapted  to  such  land  as  this.  It  should 
be  sown  on  level  loamy  land,  where  it  can  remain 
permanently  and  will  not  encroach  on  other  arable 
land.  It  makes  gaod  bay  when  cut  before  maturity, 
and  also  good  grazing.  It  is  closely  related  to  the 
sorghums,  and  grows  much  like  them,  but  makes  long 
jointed  underground  stems  like  wire  grass.— Ed. 


The  two  most  potent  factors  in  a  country's  progress 
are  roads  and  schools.  And  they  arc  inseparable, 
where  one  is  really  good  the  other  will  not  long  remain 
bad,  and  where  one  is  neglected  the  other  is  not  found 
much  in  advance.  — Southern  School  and  Home 


If  I  had  some  magic  gift  to  bestow,  it  would  be  to 
make  our  country  youth  see  one  truth,  namely,  that 
science  as  applied  to  the  farm,  the  garden  and  the 
forest  has  as  splendid  a  dignity  as  astronomy;  that  it 
it  may  work  just  as  many  marvels  and  claim  as  high 
an  order  of  talent. — John  Graham  Brooks. 


TAB  80UTHEEU  PLAITTEB. 


[Jan  nary 


Trucking,  Garden   and   Orchard. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH. 

Not  much  work  of  any  kind  can  be  done  in  the  gar 
den  or  orchard  daring  this  month,  except  completing 
the  clearing  np  and  breaking  of  land  which  has  been 
In  late  fa!l  crops.  Let  this  work  be  done  effectually. 
Leave  no  trash,  weeds,  or  wasted  vegetables  or  stalks 
on  the  gronnd,  bnt  bnrn  them  np  and  thus  remove  all 
winter  hiding  places  for  insects,  and  destroy  their  eggs 
and  the  fnngns  spores,  which  are  so  prolific  of  damage 
in  summer.  Break  the  land  deeply  and  leave  it  rough, 
so  that  the  frost  and  weather  can  penetrate  it.  Farm 
yard  manure  can  with  advantage  be  hauled  out  on  to  the 
land  after  it  has  been  plowed,  and  phosphate  and  pot- 
ash fertilizers  may  be  spread  on  at  the  same  time  with 
out  fear  of  loss  from  leaching.  A  good  dressing  of 
freshly  slacked  lime — say,  50  bushels  to  the  acre — will 
on  land  which  has  been  long  used  for  growing  vegeta 
bles  be  fonnd  of  more  help  to  it  than  manure,  but  lime 
and  farm  yard  manure  should  never  be  applied  at  the 
same  time.  Apply  the  lime  now  and  manure  may  be 
applied  in  March  or  April. 


The  composting  and  mixing  of  farm  yard  manure, 
leaves,  sods  and  other  vegetable  matter,  should  receive 
attention.  This  will  be  required  in  February  and 
March  for  the  hot- beds  and  frames  and  later  for  the 
crops  in  the  open  ground.  Tain  over  and  mix  well 
two  or  three  times  during  the  winter,  so  that  it  may 
be  sweetened  and  uniform  in  quality. 


In  Tidewater  Virginia  and  Eastern  North  and  South 
Carolina,  English  peas  may  be  sown  for  the  early  crop 
if  the  ground  is  dry  and  in  nice  working  condition. 
A  field  that  grew  Irish  or  sweet  potatoes  last  year 
makes  the  moet  desirable  land  for  the  pea  crop,  as 
peas  do  not  want  fresh  manure  or  too  lich  soil.  If  any 
fertilizer  is  needed  it  will  probably  only  be  phosphoric 
acid.  This  may  be  given  by  using  300  or  400  lbs  to 
the  acre  of  acid  phosphate.  If  any  potash  is  needed 
apply  50  to  75  lbs.  to  the  acre  of  muriate  of  potash. 
English  peas  should  be  put  in  deeply — say,  with  a 
cover  of  4  or  five  inches  of  soil.  Sow  in  drills  two 
feet  apart,  putting  the  peas  In  the  bottom  of  the 
drills  in  a  wide  row — say,  3  or  4  inchts  wide,  and 
scattered  pretty  thickly.  Tread  into  the  soil  and  cover. 

Towards  the  end  of  the  month  small  sowings  of  rad 
ishes  and  lettuce  may  be  male  in  the  above  sections, 
in  sheltered  situations  or  where  protection  can  be  given 
by  mats  or  sash. 


The  pruning  of  orchards  and  vineyards  shonld  be 
continued  in  mild,  dry  weather. 


GARDEN  AND  ORCHARD  NOTES. 

January  is  usually  regarded  as  a  "rest  month"  by 
the  farmer.  He  feeds  stock,  builds  fires,  and  eats  of 
the  things  he  spent  latt  summer  and  fall,  growing 
and  storing  away.  It  is  a  time  when  the  Virginia 
farmer  asually  "tarns  over  the  new  leaf,"  tries  to 
balance  accoants,  and  matures  plans  for  next  year's 
work. 

These  occupations,  however,  really  make  it  one  of 
the  most  important  months  of  the  year  to  the  farmer* 
since  he  draws  conclusions  from  the  past  year's  expe- 
rience, and  decides  upon  plans  to  be  followed  during 
all  the  iJext  twelve  months.  If  these  plans  are  not 
good,  the  year's  work  will  be  largely  a  failure,  hence 
the  very  great  importance  of  well  matured  plans. 


What  variety  of  apples  should  be  added  to  the  or- 
chard ;  when  and  how  should  they  be  planted  ;  when 
and  how  should  the  pruning  be  done.  (We  prefer  to 
do  most  of  ihis  work  in  February  and  March,  and 
expect  to  give  full  instructions  along  these  lines  in 
the  February  and  March  issues  of  the  Planter.)  Where 
should  the  potatoes  be  planted,  Irish  and  Sweet t  Are 
the  prospects  favorable  for  growing  an  early  crop  for 
the  near  by  markets?  Should  a  late  crop  of  cabbage 
be  grown  for  shipmeiit  to  the  Gulf  States  during  the 
later  part  of  summer  and  early  fall?  Do  the  garden 
fence  and  gates  need  attention  t 


You  may  prune  the  grape  vines  between  now  and 
the  middle  of  March.  How  should  they  be  pruned  t 
What  ftrtilizers  should  be  used  on  the  crops  next 
year  t  How  can  a  good  home  made  fertilizer  be  made  t 
These  are  some  of  the  many  things  the  farmer  should 
consider  during  this,  the  first  month  of  1903. 


Put  a  winter  mulch  on  the  strawberry  plants  at  once 
if  not  already  done.  Is  there  a  real  farmer  in  the 
Southern  States  who  has  no  strawberry  plants  in  his 
garden?  If  so,  he  is  missing  something  in  this  life. 
His  more  fortunate  neighbor  should  invite  him  over 
to  see  the  large,  luscious,  crimson  colored  berries 
peeping  through  the  rich  green  foliage  of  the  plants 
early  in  Jane.  Let  him  gather  some  berries  and  sam- 
ple them  with  a  liberal  sprinkling  of  sugar  and  cream, 
and  then  watch  his  enthusiasm  rise  to  105  degrees. 
This  kind  of  horticultural  teaching  will  bear  fruit 
both  for  the  pupil  and  for  the  teacher. 

But  I  am  wandering  from  what  I  started  to  say. 
How  should  the  mulch  be  applied  t  Take  straw,  pine 
needles  or  any  similar  material,  that  has  no  weed  feed 
in  it,  and  cover  all  the  strawberry  ground  with  it 


iWS.J 


THE  80UTHEBN  PLAJJmflJt 


9 


after  the  ground  has  frozen  an  inch  or  more.  Hold 
the  plants  in  the  frozen  bed  till  yon  want  them  to 
grow  in  the  spring.  Judging  from  my  own  experience 
along  this  line,  I  agree  with  Mr.  Blacknall,  who  stated 
in  the  December  issue  of  the  Planter  that  it  was  doubt- 
ful about  winter  mulching  being  beneficial  to  straw 
berry  plants  in  the  Gulf  States.  Later  on,  I  will  tell 
how  I  obtained  good  results  by  summer  mulching  in 
the  dry  climate  at  the  Texas  Expepiment  Statien.  It 
Is  more  important  in  the  Gulf  States  to  know  how  to 
carry  the  plants  through  the  summer  in  a  strong, 
healthy  condition  than  it  is  to  know  how  to  take  them 
through  the  winter.  But  I  believe,  from  my  own  ex 
perience,  that  winter  mulching  is  advisable  in  all  that 
section  of  Virginia  west  of  Pied  mont.  I  have  seer 
excellent  crops  of  strawberries  grown  at  the  Virginia 
Experiment  Station  by  winter  mulching  (in  fact,  I 
helped  to  grow  them),  while  the  near  by  crops  that 
were  not  mulched  were  almost  failures.  In  fact,  I 
believe,  by  careful  winter  mulching,  other  conditions 
being  favorable,  that  a  good  strawberry  crop  can  be 
grown  over  a  large  portion  of  Virginia  and  Tennessee 
with  more  certainty  than  a  wheat  crop.  As  to  profits, 
there  is  nj  comparison. 


Besides  the  strawberry,  which  is  the  first  fruit  to 
ripen,  the  farm  should  not  fail  to  have  some  good 
EJack  Cap  Eispberries  growing  to  follow  the  straw 
berry  closely.  Pot  this  fruit  down  on  your  list  for 
planting  in  March.  What  varieties  should  be  planted. 
There  are  a  number  of  good  black  cap  varieties  sold 
by  nurserymen,  but  the  farmer  can  frequently  get  good 
raspberry  plants  along  Old  Virginia  worm  fences  that 
will  cost  nothing  but  a  little  time  to  go  after  them. 
Many  people  like  to  get  something  for  nothing.  Here 
is  a  chance.  The  berries  are  not  usually  as  large  as 
the  cultivated  varieties,  but  the  flavor  is  frequently 
better.  Better  have  these  than  none.  Let  the  boy 
take  his  first  lesson  in  horticulture  by  setting  them  out 
and  taking  care  of  them.  Let  him  see  how  they  prop 
agate  by  branching  in  the  fall  and  taking  root  at  s*v 
eral  places  at  the  tips.  Each  one  of  these  tips  may  be 
taken  up  the  following  spring  and  be  used  to  start  a 
new  plant.  The  plants  should  have  been  marked  while 
in  fruit  for  transplanting,  but  had  better  be  done  now 
than  not  at  all. 

Then  there  are  currants,  gooseberries,  pears,  peaches 
and  quinces  to  follow  later  on. 


What  kind  of  literature  are  you  reading  thtse  win 
ter  evenings  t 

Do  you  read  the  bulletins  issued  by  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture  t    If  not,  why  ? 

Are  you  deriving  any  benefit  from  the  State  Depart 
ment  of  Agriculture?    Have  you  read  the  bulletins 


i8su€d  by  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture,  Rich 
mond,  Va.     If  not,  why  not  ? 

Are  you  deriving  any  benefit  from  the  Virginia  Ag- 
ricultural Experiment  Station,  Bla^kebnrg,  Va.  1  If 
not,  why  not  t  Is  your  name  on  the  mailing  list  for 
the  various  bulletins  issued  to  farmers  free.  If  not, 
write  a  postal  card  row  to  any  of  the  three  depart- 
ments mentioned  above  and  ask  to  have  your  name 
and  address  placed  on  the  regular  mailing  list  for  free 
bulletins.  As  my  farm  is  only  ten  miles  from  the  Vir- 
ginia Experiment  Station,  I  may  have  more  to  say 
about  this  institution  in  a  future  issue. 


Have  you  left  any  of  the  tools  out  in  the  damp  win- 
ter weather.  If  so,  they  will  help  to  bring  on  a  good 
crop  of  farm  mortgages.  I  believe,  as  a  rule,  more 
tools  rust  out  and  rot  out  in  Virginia  and  other  South- 
ern farms  than  are  worn  out.  I  know  this  is  a  strong 
statement,  but  according  to  my  own  experience  as  a 
Virginia  farmer  and  my  observation  in  extensive  travel 
over  the  Southern  States,  thi^  conclusion  has  forced 
itself  upon  my  mind. 

Take  those  tools  in  out  of  the  wet.  Eepa'r  them. 
Give  the  wood  work  a  coat  of  paint  and  the  iron  and 
steel  parts  that  go  into  the  ground,  on  such  tools  as 
shovels,  hoes,  plows  and  cultivators,  a  good  coat  of 
linseed  oil.  This  will  help  to  keep  met  away  and 
thus  enable  the  tools  to  shed  the  dirt  better  in  the 
spring.     Clean  tools  will  save  the  temper  of  the  man. 


Clean  up  the  gardens.  "When  harvesting  some  cabbage 
and  turnips  from  my  garden  in  November,  I  noticed 
many  lice  on  the  roots  of  the  turnips  and  on  the  heads 
of  some  cabbage.  I  will  not  leave  a  single  plant  for 
these  pests  to  winter  on.  An  attempt  will  be  made 
to  starve  them  out  in  the  dead  of  winter.  All  the 
weed  seed  that  I  can  get  together  will  be  burned.  The 
idea  being  that  it  is  easier  to  burn  a  weed  seed  or  an 
insect  egg  in  the  winter  than  it  is  to  pull  a  weed  up 
during  a  hot  summer  day  or  feed  the  progeny  of  an 
insect.  Of  course,  an  attempt  was  made  to  prevent 
these  parasites  multiplying  daring  the  summer,  bat 
the  warfare  must  be  kept  up  by  the  farmer. 

E.  H.  Peice. 

This  Department  will  have  contributions  each  month 
from  Prof.  E.  H.  Price,  of  Montgomery  county,  Va., 
who  has  had  much  experience  as  a  practical  farmer 
and  horticulturist  in  this  State,  as  well  as  having  had 
charge  of  the  Horticultural  Department  of  the  Texas 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station  during  the  past  ten 
years. 

When  corresponding  with  advertisers  mention  the 
Southern  Planter. 


10 


THB  BOUTHIBN  PLAHTER. 


[January 


VIRGINIA  STATE  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 
Report  of  Annual  Meeting. 

The  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Virginia  State  Horti 
cultural  Society  was  held  in  the  Masonic  Hall,  Lynch 
burg,  on  December  2ad  and  3rd,  with  a  large  attend 
ance.  A  most  interesting  programme  was  presented, 
and  discussed  in  a  spirited  manner.  Local  members 
brought  specimens  of  apples,  pears,  peaches  and  some 
very  fine  vegetables.  The  Society  had  purchased  a 
box  of  the  highest  grade  Pacific  Coast  apples  to  be 
had  in  New  York  market  as  a  comparison  with  our 
own,  and  also  to  show  the  Pacific  Coast  methods  of 
packing  and  grading.  These  apples  were  of  the  Spit 
zenberg  variety  and  sold  in  New  York  for  $3  75  per 
bushel  box.  They  did  not  compare  with  the  Virginia 
fruit  on  the  tables  in  either  appearance  or  flavor.  Mr. 
Collingwood,  editor  of  the  Rural  New  Yorker,  who  was 
present  as  one  of  the  speakers,  said  publicly  that  this 
was  his  first  visit  to  Virginia,  and  that  he  had  for 
years  been  attending  meetings  of  various  Societies  in 
the  Northern  Sta'es,  but  that  with  the  single  excep 
tion  of  one  exhibit  in  Maine  he  had  never  seen  such 
fine  apples  ;  they  were  perfect ;  and  he  expressed  sur 
prise  that  the  people  of  Virginia  did  not  let  those 
outside  the  State  know  what  fine  fruit  they  had.  He 
said  it  was  our  duty  to  advertise  ourselves. 

The  Society  passed  a  resolntioa  urging  the  passage 
of  a  bill  for  an  appropriation  for  St.  Louis  Expo- 
sition by  the  Legislature,  and  binding  members  of  the 
Society  to  do  all  in  their  power  to  get  petitions  signed 
and  forwarded  from  their  respective  counties  to  mem 
bers  of  the  Legislature. 

President  S.  B.  Woods  urged  the  necessity  of  good 
roads,  and  the  proposal  to  form  an  Appalachian 
Forest  Reserve  by  the  Federal  Government  in  Vir 
ginla,  North  Carolina  and  South  Carolina,  which  were 
endorsed  by  the  Society. 

Mr.  H.  P.  Gould,  of  the  United  States  Department 
of  Agriculture,  read  an  interesting  paper  on  "Why 
Some  Orchards  Fail,"  and  referred  to  the  progress  in 
development  of  the  fruit  industry,  from  the  first  or 
chards  which  were  planted  merely  for  elder.  He  im 
pressed  the  necessity  of  cultivation,  spraying  and  in 
telllgent  pruning.  The  subject  of  shipment  of  peaches 
and  pears  to  Earope  was  taken  up  by  Prof.  W.  A. 
Taylor,  of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agr"icul 
ture,  whose  remarks  were  Interesting  aud  illustrated 
by  statistical  charts. 

Dr.  M.  L.  McCue,  a  prominent  and  successful  or 
chardlst  In  Albemarle  county,  read  an  able  paper  on 
"  Care  of  Orchards;"  describing  methods  from  plant- 
ing to  bearing  stage.  Prof.  Alwood  and  Senator  Lup 
ton,  of  Winchester,  gave  an  illustrative  lecture  on 


packing  and  grading  fruits ;  samples  were  shown  of 
how  apples  should  be  graded,  and  various  kinds  of 
packages  were  exhibited. 

Mr.  A.  T.  Todd,  of  Crozet,  took  up  the  subject  of 
packing  peaches  in  a  similar  manner- 
Mr.  O'Rork,  of  Staunton,  talked  about  the  bye- 
products,  evaporating,  &c.,  showing  the  best  means 
of  utilizing  what  has  usually  been  wasted. 

Prof.  Alwood  talked  on  canning,  showing  samples 
of  product. 

Mr.  Collingwood,  editor  of  the  Burul  New  Torlcer, 
spoke  on  Handling  Fruit  for  New  York  markets.  He 
is  a  most  pleasing  speaker,  and  during  his  long  and 
interesting  talk  held  the  close  attention  of  his  audi- 
ence. His  method  of  illustrating  the  points  he  desires 
to  impress  by  humorous  anecdotes  was  greeted  with 
hearty  laughter.  His  description  of  life  in  New  York 
flats,  with  1,GOO  people  to  the  acre  and  twice  that 
number  in  the  tenement  districts,  gave  an  insight  into 
an  existence  altogether  unusual  to  his  hearers.  He 
showed  how,  under  these  conditions,  the  tendency  was 
to  smaller  packages  of  fruit,  and  advocated  the  use  of 
bushel  and  half  bushel  boxes  instead  of  barrels  for 
apples.  He  instanced  the  profitable  business  accom- 
plished by  California  under  these  conditions.  He  said 
if  they  could  buy  our  Winesap  instead  of  the  Ben  Da- 
vis they  now  got  they  would  appreciate  red  apples 
instead  of  shunning  them  as  at  present. 

A  lengthy  discussion  followed  Prof.  Alwood's  re- 
sume of  San  Jos6  scale  work.  Some  members  con- 
tended that  the  law  had  not  been  properly  adminis- 
tered by  the  State  Inspector,  and  the  general  feeling 
was  that  in  its  present  condition  it  was  not  far  reach- 
ing enough,  and  also  unworkable. 

A  committee  was  appointed  to  present  the  views  of 
the  Society  to  the  members  of  the  Legislature  and  urge 
amendments  in  the  law  to  make  it  meet  the  exigencies 
of  the  cise,  it  being  pointed  out  that  if  scale  were 
discovered  on  our  fruit  in  the  larger  markets,  espe- 
cially New  York,  they  would  immediately  quarantine 
against  all  Virginia  fruit. 

Mr.  W.  Whately,  of  Crozet,  secretary  and  treasu- 
rer, in  his  report,  showed  that  the  Society  was  making 
steady  increase  in  membership  each  year,  and  showed 
a  satkfactory  balance  in  hand  in  his  financial  state- 
ment. 

The  election  of  officers  for  1903  resulted  in  Mr.  W. 
W.  Otey,  of  Pala^ki  county,  taking  the  place  of  Mr. 
W.  A.  Francis,  of  Salem  in  the  list  of  vice  presi- 
dents, the  other  officers  being  continued  in  office.  Mr. 
Whately  desired  to  resign  the  office  of  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  but  was  unanimously  voted  in,  and  bowed 
to  the  will  of  the  members. 

Interest  in  the  meeting  held  to  the  last,  the  final 
session  lasting  up  to  11  P.  M.,  Mr.  Collingwood  giv- 


1»03  J 


THE  80UTHEEN  PLAMTBK 


11 


ing  a  second  talk,  which  was  as  popular  as  the  one  ear- 
lier in  the  day. 

Prof.  Van  Deman,  who  is  always  a  favorite  with  Vir 
ginia  horticulturists,  was  in  attendance,  and  was  sev- 
eral times  a  speaker,  his  remarks  receiving  the  usual 
attention  accorded  to  them. 

The  Society  was  requested  to  meet  at  Charlottes- 
ville, Lynchburg,  and  Pulaski  next  year,  the  claims 
of  each  being  warmly  advocated,  and  after  a  spirited 
friendly  contest,  the  members  from  the  Southwest 
gained  the  victory  they  deserved,  and  Pulaski  was  de- 
cided on  as  the  place  of  next  meeting. 

The  report  of  proceedings  that  will  shortly  be  issued 
will  be  of  even  greater  interest  than  its  predecessors, 
which  is  saying  a  great  deal.  All  members  obtain 
copies  free,  and  no  horticulturist  can  afford  to  be  with- 
out it.  Annual  membership  being  only  $1.00  for  each 
year,  any  one  may  be  placed  on  the  list  by  remitting 
this  amount  to  Mr.  Whately,  Secretary  Treasurer, 
Crozet,  Va. 


PECANS  IN  VIRGINIA. 


Editor  Southern  Planter : 

Believing  your  statement  in  the  November  issue, 
that  the  pecan  is  unsuitable  for  planting  anywhere  in 
Virginia,  is  a  mistake,  which  yon  would  gladly  cor 
rect,  when  convinced  that  you  are  in  error  ;  as  well 
for  the  benefit  of  any  of  your  subscribers  who  have 
planted  the  pecan,  o  r  may  be  contemplating  doing  so, 
I  enclose  under  another  cover  a  copy  of  the  Daily  Ad 
vance,  published  here  (Lynchburg),  which  contains 
facts  in  a  leading  editorial  that  somewhat  combat 
your  views  as  to  the  pecan.  I  will  add  that  I  lived 
at  a  place  here  on  which  was  flourishing  a  p€caa  tree, 
that  I  believe  is  the  largest  tree  of  any  kind  in  the 
city  to  day;  and  it  has  large  crops  of  nuts  each  year. 
My  boys  sold  most  of  them  to  Mr.  Samuel  A.  Boyd, 
who  was  then,  and  had  been  for  many  years,  the  leid- 
ing  confectioner  here,  and  he  told  me  on  several  occa 
sions  that  he  preferred  them  to  any  he  could  buy  on 
any  other  market  because  of  their  superior  flavor  and 
their  shells,  which  were  generally  filled  with  sound 
kernels. 

Lynchburg,  Va.  J.  D.  Pendleton. 

In  the  article  referred  to,  the  editor  of  the  Lynchburg 
Advance  says  : 

Our  Georgia  exchanges  are  having  much  to  say  about 
nut  culture  in  that  State,  especially  pecans.  Experi 
ments  have  proved  that  the  pecan  tree  flourishes  ad 
mlrably  in  Georgia  and  produces  profitabla  crops. 
Groves  have  been  planted  in  various  localities,  and 
some  of  them  have  already  come  into  bearing,  bring- 
ing handsome  returns  to  the  owners.    It  has  been  sug- 


gested that  the  tree  would  flourish  in  Virginia,  but 
the  Southern  Planter  discourages  the  attempt  to  grow 
them  in  the  State,  believing  that  the  climate  and  soil 
are  not  suited  to  them.  In  the  December  number  of 
the  Planter,  two  correspondents  take  issue  with  that 
journal  and  tell  of  flourishing  pecan  trees  in  the  coun- 
ties ol  Prince  William  and  Norfolk.  In  Norfolk  coun- 
ty, there  are  two  immense  tiees  seven  feet  in  diameter 
near  the  ground,  which  make  admirable  shade  and 
produce  nuts  worth  from  $75  to  $100  annually.  The 
Planter  replies  that  climatic  conditions  in  Eastern  Vir- 
ginia may  suit  this  tree,  but  they  will  not  thrive  in 
Piedmont  Virginia.  Now,  we  can  tell  the  Planter  of 
several  flourishing  pecan  trees  in  Lynchburg,  one  of 
them,  two  and  a  half  feet  in  diameter,  has  been  bear- 
ing abundant  crops  for  years.  The  other  two  are 
younger,  and  not  so  large.  There  is  another  big  tree 
in  the  country,  not  far  from  the  city,  which  has  been 
bearing  good  nuts  for  years — so  the  tree  will  grow  in 
Piedmont  Virginia.  But  we  agree  with  the  Planter 
that  it  is  not  its  proper  habitat,  and  it  would  not  be 
well  to  go  into  the  business  of  raising  pecans  here. 


NUT-QROWINQ  IN  VIRGIaIA, 

Editor  Southern  Planter  : 

I  was  much  interested  in  reading  the  experience  of 
your  correspondents  who  have  attempted  the  raising 
of  nuts. 
If  of  interest,  my  experience  is  as  follows  : 
Some  twelve  years  since,  I  purchased  from  a  New 
Jersey  nurseryman  ten  trees  of  each  of  the  following 
varieties:  Japan  Chestnut,  Pecan  and  English  Wal- 
nut. Three  of  the  Pecans  are  alive  to  day — one  20 
feet,  one  15,  one  8  feet  high — but  none  have  ever  set 
fruit,  although  they  are  strong  hardy  trees. 

Of  the  English  walnuts,  five  are  living,  one  of  which 
is  ten  feet  high ;  the  others  have  made  but  little 
growth,  although  all  are  apparently  thrifty,  but  no 
fruit  has  set  on  any  of  them. 

Of  the  Japan  chestnuts,  six  are  living,  several  of 
which  have  made  a  satisfactory  growth,  and  two  of 
them  have  been  bearing  for  several  years.  One  of 
these  produced  a  gallon  of  nuts  last  season. 

As  for  filberts,  I  imported  with  other  trees  some  30 
years  ago  two  trees  from  England.  They  send  up 
shoots  from  the  root,  but  have  never  matured  a  fruit- 
All  of  these  trees  were  planted  in  fine  rich  soil, 
and,  after  a  year  or  two,  the  blue  grass  was  allowed  to 
grow  about  the  trees,  as  they  were  planted  in  the  houee 
grounds.  My  farm  is  four  miles  north  of  James  river 
at  Scottsville. 

Albemarle  Co.,  Va.  W.  Q.  M, 


Mention  the  Planter  when  corresponding  with  ad- 
vertisers. 


12 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[Janaaiy 


Live  Stock  and   Dairy. 


THE  DAIRY  BREEDS  OF  CATTLE. 

Editor  Souihrm  Planter  : 

Iq  Darning  ihe  dairy  breeds  of  cattle,  as  distinct 
from  btef  l)reeds  and  dnal  or  general  purpose  cattle, 
those  races  only  should  be  considered  which  have 
well  eetablifrhed  reputations  for  the  profitable  pro 
dnction  of  milk.  Other  desirable  qualities  may  be 
ignored.  As  thus  defined  and  known  in  America, 
the  dairy  breeds  are  the  Ayrshires,  Gnernsejs,  Hoi 
steins,  and  Jerseys.  If  other  parts  of  the  world  were 
searched,  a  few  additional  breeds  might  be  found  hav 
ing  claim  to  recognition  in  this  list.  Repnsentatives 
of  some  of  thete  are  occaf^ionally  seen  iu  this  country, 
but  none  have  made  anj'  serious  impr«6s  upon  onr 
dairy  industry,  and  they  are  not  likely  to  do  so.  Their 
reputation  is  limited,  and  however  meritorious  they 
may  be  locally,  there  is  not  sufiBcient  cause  for  de 
scribing  thfm  In  this  connection. 

The  four  breeds  named  all  produce  thrifty  calves 


tained  fixed  characteristics  of  great  dairy  excellence. 
They  are  medium  sized  cattle,  muscular  and  active, 
the  beet  of  foragers,  and  accustomed,  in  their  native 
country,  to  subsisting  on  pasturage  in  summer  and 
almost  exclusively  upon  hay  and  straw  in  the  winter. 
Ayrshire  cows  may  be  fairly  said  to  excel  the  other 
dairy  races  in  earning  their  living  under  difificultiea 
and  giving  a  profit  upon  the  roughest  forage.  They 
are  naturally  hardy  and  admirably  adapted  to  grazing 
OTer  wide  ranges  of  broken  and  rugged  pastures. 
While  they  respord  to  good  care  and  pay  well  for  it, 
they  are  comparatively  iudiflferent  to  exposure  and  in- 
clement wea'her.  Bred  to  abundant  air  and  exercise, 
they  soon  show  the  ill  effects  of  too  close  housing  and 
crowding  in  ill  ventilated  stables.  No  brted  i^  hardier 
if  rationally  treated,  and  none  succumbs  sooner  to  un- 
sanitary conditions. 

The  general  form  of   the  Ayrshire  is  the  wedge- 
si  ape — rfgarded  as  typical  of  cows  of  dairy  excel- 


AYRSHIP^  COW   ■ 

'iVtOLA  DRUMMOND' 


■when  properly  treated,  and,  although  some  of  them 
are  small,  they  make  good  veal.     Steers  from  them 
can  be  rais»d  at  a  profit,  but  not  as  economically  as 
from  other  breeds.     Young  bulls  and  young  females, 
non  breeders  or  dairy  failures  (th?   "black  sheep" 
which   occasionally  appear  in  every  fluck),  can   be 
readily  turned  into  excellent  heef.    But  aged  animals, 
which  have  terved   their   purpose  as  breeders  and 
dairy  producers,  cinnot  be  profitably  fatted.     None 
of  these  side  issues  should  be  depended  upon  for  in 
come.     If  entitled  to  be  called  dairy  cattle,  the  cows 
should  be  capable  of  such  profit  during  their  years  of 
dairy  production  as  to  render  o'her  considerations  In 
significant,   except  the  rearing  of   enough  selected 
calves  to  maintain  the  composition  of  the  herd. 
Ayrshires. 
The  Ayrshire  breed  has  been  developed  within  a 
century  in  the  southwestern  part  of  Scotland  and  at 


lencc—  and  they  are  short  legged  and  fine  boned.  The 
face  is  usually  rather  long  and  straight,  but  clean  and 
fine,  with  a  fall  growth  of  horn  which  curves  outward, 
then  inward,  and  turns  well  up,  with  tip«  inclined 
backward.  This  gives  an  upright  and  bold  appear- 
ance to  the  whole  head.  A  black  muzzle  is  the  rule, 
although  white  seems  to  be  no  challenge  of  purity  of 
blood.  The  eye  is  peculiarly  bright,  with  a  quick 
movement  indicating  extreme  watchfulness.  The 
whole  appearance  is  of  a  highly  nervous  tempera- 
ment. The  prevailing  color  of  the  body  is  red  and 
white,  variously  proportioned  and  in  spots,  not  mixed. 
Probably  three  fourths  of  all  this  race  of  cattle  can  be 
thus  described  in  color.  A  generation  ago  the  dark 
markings  predominated,  but  there  has  lately  been  a 
strong  trend  towards  more  white,  especially  in  Can- 
ada. The  red  is  sometimes  bright,  but  often  of  a  rich, 
sherry  brown,   like  the  shell  of  a  horse  chestnaL 


1903  J 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAJSrTKK 


13 


Mometimes  the  color  is  a  dull  brown,  and  occasionally 
a  brindle  appears.  Nearly  all  the  good  animals  of 
the  breed  have  broad,  flaf,  well  arched  ribs,  giving 
1  oom  for  capacious  digestive  apparatus.  The  udder 
(iixtends  both  forward  and  back,  is  held  well  up,  has  a 
broad  attachment  to  the  body  and  a  level  bottom  line. 
It  is  a  snug,  compact  organ,  admirably  fitted  by  its 
nhape  and  elasticity  for  the  elaboration  and  storage  of 
lailk,  and  when  the  glands  are  at  rest,  it  occupies  but 
little  space.  The  teats  are  small  and  cylindrical 
lather  than  cone  shaped.  In  many  cases  the  teats  are 
too  small  for  comfortable  milking,  but  careful  breed 
(irs  have  remedial  this  defect,  and  whole  herds  can  be 
found  with  superb  udders  and  teats  of  good  size. 

The  Ayrshire  cow  is  a  large  and  persistent  milker, 
although  she  usually  demands  a  dry  season  of  six  to 
eight  weeks  before  calving.  A.  yield  of  5  500  lbs.  a 
year  as  the  average  for  a  working  herd  is  often  real 
ized.  Records  of  eighteen  well  managed  herds,  col 
lected  from  different  sections  and  averaging  twelve 


fipeoial  reputation  which  this  breed  has  enj>3ed  as 
finperior  cheese  makers  is  not  sustained  by  the  facts. 
In  the  hands  of  capable  makers,  Ayi shire  milk  will 
make  little  if  any  more  cheese  from  a  given  weight 
than  will  the  milk  of  other  breeds.  Yet,  the  uniform 
distribution  of  fat  is  an  advantage,  and  there  is  less 
liability  to  lose  fat  in  converting  this  milk  into  cheese 
than  in  the  case  of  richer  milk  with  fat  globules  larger 
and  more  irregular  in  size. 

GUEENSEYS. 

Guernseys  originated  upon  and  are  imported  from 
ijhe  second  in  size  of  the  Channel  Islands,  lying  be- 
tween England  and  France.  The  early  importations 
to  this  country  were  not  well  distinguished  from  the 
Jersey,  and  all  these  island  cattle  were  indiscrimi- 
nately and  incorrectly  called  "Alderneys."  About 
thirty  years  ago  the  Guernseys  became  recognized  in 
America  as  a  distinct  breed.  Since  that  time  theie 
Jiave  been  importations  nearly  every  year,  and  the 
Ijreed  has  steadily  increased  in  numbers  in  this  coun- 


oows  each,  show  an  annual  average  product  of  5,412 
Ibi.  One  noted  herd,  averaging  fourteen  cows  in  milk, 
has  an  unbroken  record  for  twenty  years  with  an  aver 
age  yield  of  6,427  lbs.  a  year  to  the  cow.  One  year 
the  average  was  7,000  lbs.  Single  cows  have  pro 
duced  10,000  and  even  12,000  lbs.  of  milk.  Butter 
records  are  not  numerous,  but  the  milk  of  the  herd 
referred  to  averages  over  4  per  cent,  of  fat,  and  the 
cows  from  244  to  512  lbs.  of  butter  each,  with  an  aver- 
age of  353  lbs.  There  are  single  authentic  records  of 
over  600  lbs.  of  butter  in  a  year.  The  milk  of  this 
breed  is  not  exceptionally  rich,  but  rather  above  the 
nverage  of  cows,  or  3  i  to  4  per  cent,  fat  for  mixed 
lierd  milk  throughout  the  year.  The  fat  globules  are 
email  and  very  even  in  size,  so  that  cream  rises  slow 
ly  ;  it  has  comparatively  little  color.  The  Ayrshire 
is  therefore  not  a  first  claas  butter  cow,  but  its  product 
is  admirably  suited  for  market  milk,  safely  above 
legal  standards,  uniform  and  capable  of  long  trans 
portation  and  rough  handling  without  injury.    A 


'.ry  and  as  steadily  gained  in  favor  wherever  intro- 
duced. There  are  now  just  as  many  Guernseys  as 
Ayrshires  on  this  continent,  rough  estimates  placing 
the  number  of  each  at  25,000. 

The  Guernseys  are  a  size  larger  than  the  Jerseys, 
with  which  race  they  can  best  be  compared,  and  are 
stronger  boned  and  coarser  in  appearance.  But  the 
cows  are  generally  handsome  and  attractive  to  the 
dairyman.  They  are  claimed  to  be  hardier  and  larger 
milkers,  but  both  these  points  are  stoutly  dented.  The 
one  hundred  best  Jerseys  in  the  United  States  are  un- 
doubtedly the  equals  as  dairy  animals,  in  every  re- 
spect, of  the  hundred  best  Guernseys.  But  the  latter 
have  been  selected  for  importation  with  better  judg- 
ment, and  it  is  probably  true  that  the  average  Guern- 
sey cow  in  this  country  to  day  is  a  better  producer 
than  the  average  Jersey.  In  other  words,  there  are 
many  more  poor  Jerseys  than  poor  Guernseys. 

The  head  of  the  Guernsey  is  rather  long,  the  neck 
slender,  the  body  large,  deep  and  rangey,  the  rump 


14 


THE  80UTHERN  PLANTBB. 


[January 


prominent,  the  flanks  thin,  thighs  incurved  and  twist 
open  and  roomy.  Altogether,  the  animal  is  at  once 
recognized  as  bneinesslike  and  belonging  to  the  pro 
noanced  dairy  type.  The  breed  is  almost  always  light 
in  color,  yellow  and  orange  predominating,  with  con 
siderable  white,  usually  in  large  patches.  Darker 
shades,  approaching  brown,  are  found  upon  some  cows 
and  often  upon  bulls.  The  muzzles  are  almost  inva 
riably  buff  or  flesh  colored,  surrounded  by  a  fillet  of 
almost  white  hair.  Occasionally  a  black  nose  is  found, 
showing  the  influence  of  some  distant  ancestor  from 
Brittany,  or  suggestive  of  more  recent  exchange  of 
compliments  between  the  Jersey  and  Guernsey  isles 
which  have  undoabtedly  although  rarely  occurred. 
The  horns  aie  small,  curved,  fine,  thin  shelled  and 
waxy  in  appearance ;  they  often  show  a  deep,  rich 
yellow  for  a  third  of  their  length  from  the  base.  A 
characteristic  Oi  the  breed  is  a  very  generous  secretion 
of  yellow  coloring  matter  which  pertains  to  the  whole 
skin,  but  is  seen  especially  where  the  hair  is  white,  in 


stated,  in  natural  color.  They  may  be  especially 
recommended  as  batter  cows,  as  well  as  for  market 
milk  where  quality  secures  a  relatively  high  price. 
They  demand  good  treatment  and  liberal  feeding,  but 
are  noted  for  rich  production  combined  with  economy 
of  food.  From  5,000  to  6,000  lbs.  of  milk  per  year 
should  be  expected  and  upwards  of  300  lbs.  of  butter. 
One  herd  of  over  one  hundred  cows  of  all  ages  in  this 
country  gave  5,317  lbs.  of  milk  and  318  lbs.  of  butter. 
Single  cows  have  ranged  up  to  10,000  and  12,000  lbs. 
of  milk  a  year  and  a  few  sfclll  more,  producing  500  to 
750  and  even  900  lbs.  of  butter.  The  mixed  milk  of 
this  breed  is  often  found  to  average  14  to  15  per  cent, 
of  total  solids  and  5  to  6}  per  cent,  of  fat.  The 
globules  are  large  and  the  cream  separates  easily. 

Guernsey  bulls  have  proved  extremely  satisfactory 
in  grading  up  a  herd  with  fairly  selected  dairy  cows 
of  no  particular  breeding  ;  the  offspring  usuiUy  make 
very  acceptable  dairy  stock.  Guernseys  have  not  yet 
been  largely  introduced  in  tha  South,  and  will  deserve 


the  ears,  around  the  eyes  and  about  the  udder.  The 
bright  golden  undertone  of  the  white  parts  of  the 
body,  when  in  strong  light,  is  often  very  noticeable. 
This  gives  a  distinctive  "richness"  to  the  animal,  and 
causes  the  milk  and  butter  produced  to  be  of  a  higher 
color  at  all  seasons  of  the  year  than  that  of  any  other 
breed.  A  single  Guernsey  cow  will  give  color  and 
attractive  tone  to  the  milk  and  butter  of  a  dozen  cows 
of  kinds  deficient  in  this  respect.  The  udder  and 
teats  are  large  and  well  shaped  and  placed  in  selected 
specimens,  but  these  and  other  dairy  markings  do  not 
appear  to  be  as  uniformly  fixed  throughout  the  breed, 
as  in  the  case  of  Jerseys,  which  have  been  subjected 
to  a  larger  course  of  careful  breed  development.  The 
cows  possess  a  highly  nervous  temperament,  and  yet 
are  extremely  quiet  and  gentle  when  properly  handled. 
Much  lees  trouble  is  reported  in  the  management  of 
aged  bulls  than  with  Jerseys  of  like  age. 

The  cows  of  the  breed  produce  liberal  quantities  of 
milk,  of  uncommon  richness  in  butter  fat,  and,  as 


more  attention  in  this  section. 

HOLSTEINS. 

Holsteins  is  the  popular  name  for  the  strongly- 
marked  black- and  white  cattle  of  North  Holland  and 
Friesland,  although  the  herd  book  title  is  Holstein- 
Friesians.  They  constitate  one  of  the  very  oldest  and 
most  notable  breeds  of  cattle.  Holland  has  been 
famous  for  dairy  products  for  at  least  a  thousand 
years,  aud  the  great  bicolored  beasts  upon  which  this 
reputation  has  been  gained  have  been  slowly  bat 
surely  developing  their  present  form  of  dairy  ex- 
cellence. 

The  large  frame,  strong  bone,  abundance  of  flesh 
(particularly  in  the  males  and  all  young),  silken  coat, 
extreme  docility  and  enormous  milk  yield  of  these 
cattle,  result  from  the  rich  and  luxurious  herbage  of 
the  very  fertile  and  moist  lands  upon  which  the  breed 
has  been  perfected,  the  close  housing  and  uncommonly 
good  care  given  them  for  half  the  year,  and  the  inti- 
mate association  of  people  and  cattle.    The  striking 


1903] 


THE  80TJTHEKN  PLANTER 


15 


features  in  the  appearance  of  this  breed,  are  the  color 
markings  and  the  groat  size  of  both  sexes.  The  shining 
jet  black  contrasts  vividly  with  the  pure  white — the 
fine  silky  hair  being  upon  a  soft  and  mellow  skin  of 
medium  thickness.  In  some  animals  the  black  pre 
dominates  and  the  white  in  others.  Black  has  been 
rather  preferred  among  American  breeders,  yet  a  few 
noted  animals  have  been  mainly  white.  The  average 
animal  carries  more  black  than  white,  and  the  mark 
Ings  are  extremely  irregular.  The  black  and  white 
are  never  mixed,  the  lines  of  demarcation  being  usu 
ally  sharply  drawn.  The  Holsteins  are  much  the 
largest  of  all  the  dairy  breeds.  The  big,  bony  frames 
are  well  filled,  and  the  chest,  abdomen  and  pelvic  re 
gion  fully  developed.  Cows  range  in  weight  from 
1,000  to  1,500  lbs.,  with  an  average  of  1,200  or  more. 
Bulls  at  maturity  often  exceed  2,500  lbs.  in  weight. 

The  head  Is  long,  rather  narrow  and  bony,  with 
bright  yet  quiet  eyes  and  large  nostrils  and  mouth. 
The  horns  are  small  and  fine,  often  incurving  and  fre- 


above  their  own  live  weight  in  milk  monthly  for  ten 
or  twelve  consecutive  months.  There  are  authentic 
instances  of  daily  yields  of  100  lbs.  or  more  for  sev- 
eral days,  and  20,000  to  30,000  lbs.  of  milk  in  a  year. 
Cows  giving  40  to  60  lbs.  per  day  are  regarded  aa 
average  animals,  and  8,000  lbs.  or  more  per  year  is 
depended  upon  as  a  herd  average.  One  herd  record 
for  four  years,  gives  twelve  cows  an  average  of  8,805 
lbs.  a  year.  The  milk  of  the  large  producers  is  often 
thin,  low  in  percentage  of  total  solids,  and  deficient  in 
fat.  The  cows  have  been  favorites  for  the  milk  sup- 
ply business,  but  it  is  frequently  found  expedient  to 
mix  in  more  or  less  milk  of  Guernsey  or  Jersey  blood, 
to  add  color  and  meet  standard  requirements.  There 
are  families  of  Holsteins,  however,  and  single  animals 
are  numerous,  which  give  milk  of  average  richness 
and  are  large  butter  producers.  Cows  have  frequently 
made  15  to  25  lbs.  of  butter  a  week,  and  30  lbs.  in  a 
few  cases,  with  even  1,000  lbs.  or  more  in  a  year.  The 
milk  of  the  breed  is  characterized  by  fat  globules  of 


qnently  white  with  black  tips.  The  ears  are  large, 
thin  and  quick  in  movement.  The  neck  is  long, 
slender  and  the  upper  line  often  concave,  in  the  cows. 
The  back  line  is  usually  level,  particularly  with  the 
males,  and  the  hips  broad  and  prominent;  some  have 
well-rounded  buttocks,  but  a  drooping  rump  is  not  nn 
common.  The  legs  appear  small  for  thb  weight  car 
ried,  and  are  quite  long;  the  tail  is  long  and  fine  and 
a  white  brush  is  required.  The  udder  is  often  of  ex- 
traordinary size,  extending  high  behind  but  not  always 
well  forward,  with  teats  well  placed  and  very  large, 
sometimes  uncomfortably  so.  The  milk  veins  are 
prominent  and  in  some  cases  remarkably  developed. 
In  temperament,  these  animals  are  quiet  and  docile, 
the  bulls  in  particular.  They  have  great  constitu 
tlonal  vigor,  in  their  capacity  as  feeders  and  in  their 
large  size  at  birth  and  very  strong  and  thrifty  growth 
of  the  calves. 

Holstein  cows  yield  milk  in  conformity  to  their 
size ;  they  are  famous  for  enormous  production. 
Becords  are  numerous  of   cows  giving  an  average 


small  and  uniform  size,  separating  slowly  by  the 
gravity  method  of  creaming  and  having  a  very  pale 
color. 

Holsteins  have  done  well  in  the  South  where,  in- 
stead of  depending  upon  pasture  and  with  much  ex- 
posure to  the  sun,  they  have  been  kept  stabled  and 
generously  fed.  A  cow  bred  and  raised  in  Texas, 
when  five  years  old  and  1,350  lbs.  in  weight,  made  a 
record  of  707  lbs.  of  milk  in  seven  days,  which  pro- 
duced 22  lbs.  of  butter,  and  in  one  month,  2,958  lbs. 
of  milk  containing  fat  e  univalent  to  86  lbs.  of  80  per 
cent,  butter. 

Jbeseys. 

Jerseys  were  built  up  into  a  distinct  breed,  from  a 
foundation  of  French  cattle,  by  a  long  course  of  skill- 
ful breeding,  upon  the  largest  and  most  southern  of 
the  islands  of  the  English  Channel.  Early  in  the 
eighteenth  century  steps  were  taken  to  prevent  out- 
side cattle  coming  to  Jersey,  and  in  1779  a  law  was 
made,  which  is  claimed  to  have  been  rigidly  enforced 
ever  since,  prohibiting  under  heavy  penalties  the  land- 


16 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTBB. 


fJannaiy 


Ing  upon  the  island  of  any  live  animals  of  the  bovine 
race.  Jereeys  have,  therefore,  been  purely  bred  for  a 
longer  time  than  any  other  breed  of  British  origin. 
They  were  brought  to  the  United  States  first  from 
fifty  five  bo  seventy  years  ago  as  "Alderney  cattle," 
and  this  name  is  still  somewhat  used.  Bat  it  is  wholly 
wrong ;  Alderney  is  an  insignificant  little  island  with 
no  breed  of  cattle  of  its  own.  There  is  really  no  such 
thing  as  an  Alderney  cow. 

Jerseys  are  the  smallest  in  average  size  of  the  four 
dairy  breeds.  The  cows  range  from  700  to  1,050  lbs. 
weight  and  the  bulls  from  1,200  to  1,600,  and  some 
times  1,800  lbs.  Yet  there  are  herds  which,  by  careful 
management,  have  been  brought  to  an  average  of  over 
1,000  lbs.  for  mature  cows.  In  color,  this  breed  varies 
more  than  any  other.  For  a  time  there  was  a  craze 
for  "solid  colored"  animals  in  this  country,  and  some 
persons  have  the  idea  that  no  pur«  Jersey  has  white 
upon  it.  This  is  a  great  mistake  ;  all  of  the  earliest 
imported  were  broken  in  color,  and  there  have  always 
been  such  among  the  noted  cows.  Pure  Jersey  8  are  of 
all  shades  of  brown  to  deep  black  and  of  various  shades 
of  yellow,  fawn  and  tan  colors  to  a  creamy  white;  also 
mouse  color  or  squirrel  gray,  Bome  light  red  and  a  few 
brindle.  With  all  these  colors  and  shades,  there  may 
be  more  or  less  white,  in  large  patches  or  small  and  on 
any  part  of  the  animal.  Bulls  are  darker  in  color 
than  cows  of  the  same  families.  There  are  always 
tigns  or  markings  about  a  pure  Jersey,  or  a  high 
grade,  irrespective  of  its  color  and  hard  to  describe, 
by  which  the  blood  is  plainly  shown. 

The  head  of  the  Jersey  is  small,  short,  broad,  lean, 
and  the  face  generally  dished.  The  muzzle,  including 
under  Up,  is  black  or  a  dark  lead  color,  surrounded 
by  a  mealy  fillet  of  light  skin  and  hair.  Occasionally 
a  bufif  nose  is  found,  but  objected  to  as  showing  a 
probable  infusion  of  Guernsey  blood,  although  per- 
haps very  distant.  The  eyes  are  wide  apart,  bright 
and  prominent ;  the  horns  small,  waxy,  with  thin 
skulls,  often  tipped  with  black  and  much  crumpled. 
Ears  small  and  delicate ;  neok  clean ;  legs  fine  and 
short ;  body  well  rounded  with  capacity  for  food  and 
breeding ;  tail  long  and  fine  with  a  full  brush  often 
reaching  the  ground,  and  black,  white  or  mixed.  The 
skin  is  mellow  or  loose,  with  fine,  silky  hair.  The 
udder  is  of  good  size,  more  pendulent  than  in  the 
Ayrshire  and  with  quarters  more  distinctly  defined. 
Teats  sometimes  small  and  conically  inclined.  The 
square,  close,  "Ayrshire  udder"  is  also  found,  well- 
nigh  perfect.  Milk  veins  are  frequently  highly  de 
veloped,  tortuous  and  knotty.  This  breed  is  second 
only  to  the  Guerniey  in  the  abundant  secretion  of  col 
oring  matter,  which  shows  itself  on  the  skin  on  diflfer- 
ent  parte  of  the  ^body,  makes  the  fat  of  the  carcass  a 
deep  orange,  jives  a  rich  tint  to  mUk  and  cream  and 


a  golden  hue  to  the  butter.  But  this  attribute  is  by 
no  means  as  pronounced  or  as  general  in  the  breed  as 
with  Gaernseys,  and  in  some  Jersey  families  it  is  de- 
ficient. Jerseys  are  irregular  and  sharp  in  outline, 
being  picturesque  rather  than  symmetrical,  with  the 
spare  habit  of  flesh  which  is  deemed  favorable  to  dairy 
quality  and  enough  muscular  development  fo»  healthy 
activity  and  full  digestive  force.  They  aie  light, 
quick  and  graceful  in  movement. 

For  generations  Jerseys  have  been  bred  almost  ex- 
clusively for  butter.  In  America,  breeders  have  suc- 
ceeded in  increasing  the  milk  yield  while  mainlaining 
its  high  quality.  Three  and  four  gallons  a  day  are 
common  yields — not  infrequently  five;  and  these  cows 
are  noted  for  persistence  and  great  evenness  of  product 
through  a  long  season.  Dairy  records  are  numerous. 
Ten  herds  selected  as  having  average  dairy  farm  con- 
ditions, include  140  cows  and  cover  six  years;  the  an- 
nual milk  product  per  cow  was  5,157  lbs.,  yielding  293 
lbs.  of  butter.  One  of  three  herds  had  twenty  five 
cows  of  all  sizes  with  a  continuous  record  of  seven 
years  ;  the  annual  average  was  5,668  lbs.  of  milk  and 
342  lbs.  of  butter  per  cow.  Several  herds  for  shorter 
periods  show  averages  of  6,000  and  7,000  lbs.  Single 
cows  are  on  record  as  producing  10,000,  12,000  and 
several  over  15,000  lbs.  of  milk  in  a  year.  The  char- 
acteristic of  the  milk  of  this  breed  Is  a  high  percentage 
of  total  solids,  with  4  to  5  per  cent,  of  fat  as  usual,  and 
higher  in  many  instances.  The  butter  globules  vary 
in  size,  but  a  great  proportion  are  large  and  the  cream 
separates  readily.  Butter  records  are  correspondingly 
large  ;  good  herds  yield  350  to  400  lbs.  for  every  milk- 
ing animal.  Individual  cases  are  authenticated  by 
the  hundreds  of  cows  making  15  to  20  lbs.  of  butter  a 
week,  with  numerous  records  of  25  to  30  lbs.  Several 
yearly  tests  have  resulted  in  800  to  over  1,000  lbs.  of 
butter  from  one  cow  in  twelve  months. 

Jersey  cattle  are  of  the  nervous  order  of  tempera- 
ment, highly  developed.  They  are  excitable  for  cause, 
but  the  females  are  very  placid  and  docile  when  prop  - 
erly  treated. .  The  bulls  have  the  reputation  of  being 
fractious  and  difficult  to  handle  after  attaining  matu- 
rity; this  is  largely  a  matter  of  early  training  and 
judicious  management.  The  cows  of  this  breed  are 
heavy  feeders  with  great  capacity  for  assimilation. 
They  have  strong  constitutions,  and  will  bear  forced 
feeding  for  long  periods  uncommonly  well.  In  the 
good  animals  all  the  extra  food  is  converted  into 
milk.  The  Jersey  cow  is  essentially  a  machine  for 
producing  milk  and  butter,  responds  readily  to  varied 
treatment,  and  is  remarkably  adaptable  to  widely  dif- 
ferent conditions.  The  breed  has  been  generally  dis- 
tributed in  the  South,  and  has  done  well  in  every 
State.  Yet,  there  are  far  too  many  kept  solely  be- 
cause of  purity  and  pedigree,  and  withont  profit;  the 


IMS.] 


THB  80UTHJ8KN  PUlSTER. 


17 


dairy  performance  of  sach  animals  does  not  jostify 
their  existence  oi  reproduction. 
Grade  Cows. 

Grade  cows  of  all  four  of  these  breeds  ar«  eminently 
satisfactory  as  dairy  animals.  Any  herd  of  mixed 
blood,  with  fair  dairy  qualities,  can  be  rapidly  built 
up  and  improved  by  the  use  of  a  well  selected,  pure 
bred  bull  from  any  one  of  the  four.  They  all  seem  to 
<5ro88  adyantageously  upon  what  is  called  "  native 
stock"  and  upon  females  having  a  perceptible  grade, 
or  more,  of  Shorthorn  or  Durham  blood.  Guernsey 
and  Jersey  grades  are  especially  satisfactory  aa  dairy 
«ow8.  Bat  the  pure  animals  of  these  strongly  bred 
races  do  not  generally  cross  well  among  themselves. 
The  Holsteins  are  very  prepotent,  and  stamp  their 
characteristics  upon  all  their  grades  and  crosses,  yet 
they  seldom  "nick"  well  with  pure  animals  of  the 
other  three  breeds.  The  Guernseys  and  Jerseys  mix 
well,  but  without  improvement  upon  the  parents  of 
either  side.  The  Ayrshire  eire  does  not  cross  well 
with  any  of  the  others.  A  very  superior  dairy  animal 
ifl,  however,  the  usual  result  of  crossing  a  good  Jersey 
•ire  with  an  Ayrshire  dam. 

It  is  gratifying  to  note  that  while  the  creation  or  de- 
velopment of  these  four  breeds  of  dairy  cattle  must  be 
credited  to  foreign  countries,  every  one  of  them  has 
been  improved  under  the  conditions  and  management 
which  they  have  received  in  the  United  States.  With 
the  possible  exception  of  the  Ayrshire,  all  have  been 
subjected  and  made  adaptable  to  far  greater  variations 
of  climate,  food  and  general  environment  than  in  their 
native  countries,  and  have  here  made  records  of  dairy 
performances  exceeding  anything  known  among  their 
progenitors  or  the  cotemporary  non-imported  animals 
of  their  respective  breeds. 

COMPARISONS  OF  COWS  OF  DIFFERENT  BREEDS  AT 

PUBLIC  TESTS. 
I. — Sdmmary  op  Results  of  Ninety  Day  Bdtteb  Test  at  the 

World's  Colombian  Exposition,  Chicago,  June,  July, 

August,  1893. 


Cows  in  Test. 


S  o 

ii; 


.ss 


Lbs. 


25  Jerseys 73  489    3,516    4,274    1,747.37    587.50     1,323  81 

25GnernsPv....fil.7X2     9.7s.=5     3.36i>    1  :^=iS  14     4V4  14         W7  fi4 


Dollars. 


Dollars. 


O 
Dollars. 


II. — Su.MM.\RYOF  Results  op  Six  Minths  Test,  Showing  Profit 
ON  Butter  Product,  Estimated  From  Fat. 

Pan-American   Exposition,  Buffalo,  May   1-Oct.  31,  1901. 


Cows  in  Test. 


6  Ayrshires 

5  Guernseys 

6  Holstein- \ 

Fneaians J 

5  Jer^»'vs.. 


T3 

I 

£-2 

•o 

M  a 

<u  = 

a  » 

i, 

SS 

1^ 

CO  o. 
2  ^ 

"o 

-3 

M^ 

>   03 

cS 

52,996 

1,43' 

S358.59 

$1.59.84 

27,167 

1,459 

367.21 

136.86 

i9,249 

1,501 

375.1 

164.14 

2fi.985 

1 .4  V) 

36!.2I 

137.74 

a  o 


$218.75 
230.35 


Note.— The  Holstein  Friesians  and  Jerseys  were  Canadian 
cattle,  and  not  furnished  or  endorsed  by  the  regular  American 
Associations  of  breeders. 

Ill- — Average  Composition  op  Milk  op  Different  Breeds. 

I  Prom  a  Report  of  the  New  York  Agricultural  Experiment 
Station,  1S91.'\ 


Breed. 


Ayrshires 

Guernseys 

Holstein- 

Friesiana 
Jerseys 


86  95 
85.39 


132   87.62 
238   84.60 


das 
o 
H 


13.06 
14.60 


9.35 
9.47 


12.39  9.07  3.46 

15.40  l9.8()  5.61 


3.57 
5.12 


3.39  4.84  .735    540 
3  91  5.15  .743   .618 


.543 
.570 


Henry  E.  Alvord, 
Chief  Dairy  Division,  Bureau  Animal  Industry. 
Spring  Hill  Farm,  Fairfax  Co.,  Va. 

Note.— In  preparing  the  foregoing,  much  has  been  taken,  in 
a  8  )mewhat  condensed  form,  from  Farmers'  Bulletin  No.  106,  of 
the  U.  S  Department  of  Agriculture,  by  the  same  writer.  It 
is  ueither  »asy  nor  desirable  to  describe  the  same  thing  twic» 
without  laigely  making  use  of  the  same  language. 


THE  DUAL-PURPOSE  BREEDS  OF  CATTLE. 

Editor  Southern  Planter ; 

The  term  "dual  purpose  breeds"  of  course  means  the 
two  purpose  breeds — that  is  to  say,  breeds  which  are 
adapted  to  the  production  of  both  meat  and  milk.  In 
the  current  agricultural  literature  of  the  day,  for  the 
two  decades  subsequent  to  1880,  the  place  for  such  a 
cow  on  the  farm  was  said  not  to  exi^t.  This  at  leask 
was  true  of  nearly  all  the  agricultural  literature  pro- 
duced in  America.  It  was  true  also  of  nearly  all  the 
platform  teaching  on  agriculture  during  the  same  pe- 
riod. The  very  idea  of  a  place  for  the  dual-puipose 
cow  was  only  mentioned  to  be  held  up  to  ridicule.  The 
dual  purpose  cow,  or,  as  she  was  then  called,  the  gen- 
eral purpose  cow,  was  denounced  aa  a  "  delusion,  a 
myth,  and  a  snare."  To  try  to  get  milk  from  such  a 
cow  was  compared  to  hunting  prairie  chickens  with 
bull  pups  or  seeking  a  winning  trotting  horse  in  a 
Norman. 

Ex  Oovernor  Hoard  was  a  leader  in  this  cruiade, 
and  the  signal  ability  as  an  advocate  shown  by  this 
splendid  man  gave  great  impetus  to  the  acceptance 
and  extension  of  the  unfortunate  heresy.  This  flood 
of  false  teaching  was  greatly  accelerated  in  its  progress 
by  depression  in  the  prices  of  meat.  The  result  was 
that  many  of  the  best  herds  of  dual-purpose  cattle  in 
the  land  were  so  crossed  with  dairy  blood  that  the 
Ability  to  produce  beef  was  greatly  weakened,  a  blun- 
der which  the  owners  are  now  trying  to  rectify  by 
using  bulls  of  the  dual  types.  It  would  be  interesting 
could  the  facts  be  ascertained  to  know  how  many  tens 


IS 


THE  BOtJTHEEN  PLAJSrTBB. 


[Jannary 


Grade  Shobthokn  Cow  Duciijiss. 

Weight  in  fair  flesh 1,550  lbs. 

Milk  in  one  year 9,628  lbs. 

Butter  in  one  year 439.83  lbs. 

Average  test 4.4  per  cent,  butter  fat. 

This  cow  ate  during  the  year  $33.93  worth  of  feed,  and  her  products  were 
valued  at  $101.00,  leaving  a  profit  of  $67. 07.  The  average  cost  of  each  pound 
of  butter  produced  during  the  year  was  7.7  cents. 


of  millions  of  dollars  this  false  teaching  cost  the  farmers 
of  this  country. 

The  faith  of  the  writer  on  this  question  is  as  follows: 
I  believe  in  a  special  dairy  cow.  She  includes  the 
Holstein,  Dutch  Belted,  Ayrshire,  Guernsey,  Jersey, 
Trench  Canadian  and  Kerry  of  the  pedigreed  breeds 
in  America.  Her  place  is  on  farms  where  cattle  are 
kept  almost  entirely  for  the  dairy  products  wliich  they 
famish,  or  in  the  stable  of  the  individual  who  keeps 
but  one  cow.  I  believe  in  the  special  beef  cow.  Her 
place  is  on  the  range,  or  on  the  large  farm  where  clr 


There  are  in  America  five  pedigreed  breeds  of  daal- 
purpose  cows.  These  are  the  Shorthorn,  the  Polled 
Durham,  the  Brown  Swiss,  the  Red  Poll  and  the  Devon. 
Eich  of  these  will  be  considered  below.  In  the  mean- 
time, It  may  be  said  that  the  dual-purpose  cow  is  at 
present  far  more  numerously  represented  in  the  graded 
than  in  the  pure  bred  form.  In  the  grade  form,  she 
may  be  possessed  of  various  blood  elements,  but  by 
far  the  larger  number  of  grade  dual  parpose  cows  are 
grade  Shorthorns.  This  is  due  in  part  at  least  to  the 
fact  thit  Shorthorns  in  the  pure  form  are  far  more 


cumstances  forbid  the  milking  of  the  cows  by  hand,  ou  merous  relatively  than  any  of  the  other  dual-purpose 

Her  domain  in  America  has  probably  more  than  at  breeds,  and  they  have  been  in  the  country  for  a  much 

tained  a  maximum,  since  large  farms  are  being  divided,  longer  period. 

I  believe  in  the  dual-purpose  cow.     Her  place  is  on  These  grade  dual  purpose  cattle  may  be  known  by 

the  arable  farm,  where  the  farmer  is  not  a  dairyman  the  following  indications  as  to  form  :  1.  Medium  to 

in  the  special  sense,  and  where  production  is  suffi  large  size  for  the  breed  or  grade.    2.  Good  length  and 


oiently  ample  to  justifj'  the  reariug  of  steers  for  beef. 
This  means  that  there  is  a  place  for  her  on  probably 
two-thirds  of  the  farms  of  the  United  States,  and  that 
on  theie  she  can  be  reared  more  profitably  than  either 
of  the  other  two  classes  of  cows. 


depth  in  the  coupling,  especially  in  the  females.  3. 
Good  development  of  udder  and  milk  veins.  4.  Good 
constitution  as  indicated  by  good  width  through  the 
heart.  5.  Head  and  neck  inclining  to  long  and  fine  ; 
and  6.  Bibs  of  medium  spring,  open  spaced  and  cov- 


ISOS.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLA.NTER. 


If 


ered  with  a  good  handling  skin.  In  the  pare  form, 
these  cows  have  essentially  the  same  characteristics  as 
to  form,  but  with  some  differences  pertaining  to  breed 
peculiarities.  The  more  minute  indications  of  correct 
form  and  function  in  detail  cannot  be  given  within 
the  limits  of  this  paper,  but  the  reader  who  wishes  to 
pursue  further  this  phase  of  the  question  will  find 
such  details  stated  with  considerable  fulness  in  the 
book,   "The  Study  of  Breeds,"  by  the  writer. 

Shoethoens. 

The  Shorthorns  of  one  hundred  years  ago  were  good 
milkers.  They  were  generally  good  milkers.  This 
cannot  be  said  of  them  to-day,  but  it  can  be  said  of 
many  of  them.  That  they  are  not  generally  good  milk 
ers  is  not  the  fault  of  the  breed,  but  of  the  breeders. 
In  America,  the  practice  has  been  general  of  rearing 
the  calves  on  the  dams,  a  practice  which,  if  long  con 
tisued,  will  injure  the  milking  qualities  of  any  breed. 
Notwithstanding,  the  average  milking  capacity  of  the 
Shorthorn  is  unquestionably  higher  than  the  average 
of  what  are  known  as  the  distinctive  beef  breed.  In 
Great  Britain  are  some  herds  noted  for  the  abundance 
of  milk  production  which  they  possess.  They  have 
been  milked  for  successive  generations.  In  the  United 
States  are  a  few  such  herds,  and  in  coming  days  these 
will  be  multiplied.  Bat  few  doors  stand  to  widely 
open  at  the  present  time  and  are  so  full  of  promise  as 
that  which  forms  the  avenue  to  the  breeding  of  n»ilk- 
ing  Shorthorns. 

In  the  grade  form  good  milking  cows,  essentially 
Shorthorn,  can  be  found  in  almost  any  of  the  States 
north,  east  and  west  in  considerable  numbers.  A  good 
judge  of  the  dual  form  can  pick  them  up  with  safety, 
even  though  he  should  not  be  able  to  find  out  particu 
larly  about  the  breeding.  The  owners  of  such  cows 
will  not  part  with  them  unless  paid  a  higher  price 
than  they  would  ask  for  other  cows  in  their  herds, 
and  this  shows  very  clearly  the  estimate  in  which  they 
hold  them. 

The  testing  of  Shorthorn  grades  in  this  country  as 
to  their  milking  capacity  has  only  been  attempted  by 
a  limited  number  of  experiment  stations.  Foremost 
among  these  are  those  of  Iowa  and  Wisconsin.  The 
results  in  both  instances  were  extremely  satisfactory. 
It  was  found  that  Shorthorn  grade  cows  not  only  pro 
duced  as  much  butter  per  year  as  the  best  dairy  cows 
obtainable,  but  they  also  produced  it  about  as  cheap 
ly;  and  while  thus  producing  milk  they  gave  birth 
to  calves  which  were  grown  into  beef  of  the  finest 
quality,  and  which  brought  top  prices  in  the  market. 
The  particulars  relating  to  these  investigations  may  be 
obtained  by  writing  to  the  stations  which  conducted 
them.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  those  testi  will  be  con- 
tinued at  the  stations  named;  and  that  other  experi- 
ment stations  will  take  up  the  same  line  of  testing. 


No  more  important  line  of  work  could  be  engaged  in 
by  these  institutions. 

Polled  Duehams. 
As  is  generally  known,  the  Polled  Dnrhams  are  of 
two  distinct  lines  of  ancestry.  One  of  Iheee  Is  pure 
Shorthorn  ;  the  other  is  essentially  Shorthorn — that  is 
to  say,  it  is  the  outcome  of  successive  crosses  of  pure 
Shorthorn  bulls  upon  muley  cows  of  good  size  and 
form,  and  on  their  hornless  progeny.     These  muley 


Polled  Durham.— Goodness  15th,  bred  by  J.  H.  Miller, 
Peru,  Ind. 

COWS,  when  the  crossing  was  begun  some  thirty  years 
ago,  were  possessed  of  good  milking  properties,  or  at 
least  many  of  them  were.  The  former  are  Shorthorn 
in  all  characteristics  excapt  that  they  have  no  horns. 
The  latter  are  essentially  Shorthorn,  and  do  not  differ 
from  the  former  in  essential  characteristics  except  in 
so  far  as  their  milking  qualities  are  superior,  because 
of  inheritance  of  the  same  from  the  old  muley  ances- 
try on  the  side  of  the  dam  3.  To  these  general  state- 
ments there  will  be  some  exceptions  caused  chiefly  by 
the  way  In  which  the  herds  have  been  bred  and  ban- 
dit d.  Where  the  herds  have  been  milked,  the  milk- 
ing qualities  of  the  muley  foundation  have  been  im- 
proved upon  rather  than  injured. 

Beown  Swiss 

Brown  Swiss  cattle  are  pretty  uniformly  good  milk- 
ers. They  have  borne  this  character  for  generations. 
They  are  also  good  for  beef  production,  but  not  quite 
80  good,  relatively,  as  for  milk  production.  They  are 
of  good  size,  and  they  grow  quickly.  The  steers  at- 
tain to  good  weights,  but  the  bone  Is  a  little  strong  for 
best  results  in  beef  making ;  and  yet,  for  this  purpose, 
they  answer  far  better  than  any  of  the  straight  dairy 
breeds.  On  the  continent  of  Europe,  it  would  proba- 
bly be  correct  to  say  that  this  breed  of  cows  is  more 
popular  than  any  other.  They  have  onlv  been  in  the 
United  States  for  about  three  decades,  and  yet  they 
are  now  found  in  a  majority  of  the  States. 

The  breeders  of  Brown  Swiss  cattle  in  the  United 


20 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEE. 


[Jannary 


Bbows  Swiss  Cow  Mrorro. 


StJitM  have  not,  in  many  Instances,  paid  that  atten 
tion  to  the  maintenance  and  improvement  of  the  milk- 
ing qualities  of  their  herds  which  thould  have  been 
given  to  this  feature.  Many  of  them  have  committed 
the  egregious  mistake  of  suckling  the  calves  upon  the 
dams,  a  process  which,  If  long  continued,  will  injure 
the  milking  qualities  of  any  breed.  In  the  United 
States,  milk  records  have  not  been  kep:  of  the  per 
formance  of  herds  in  milk  production  to  the  same  ex 
tent  as  with  the  Red  Polls  and  some  other  breeds  ;  and 
where  these  have  been  kept,  comparatively  little  effort 
has  been  made  to  place  the  results  before  the  public 
The  breeders  will  say  that  they  rely  upon  the  merits 
of  their  cattle  to  do  this,  but  they  forget  the  important 
truth  when  they  talk  thus  that  merit  properly  placed 
before  the  public  will  accomplish  much  more  for  a 
breed  than  merit  hidden  in  various  little  corners.  The 
Brown  Swiss  cow  Brienz  Xo.  loS,  in  a  public  test  in 
Chicago,  1891,  produced  245  pounds  of  milk  in  three 
days,  which  contained  9  32  pounds  of  butter  fat.  Good 
herds  of  Brown  Swiss  cattle  will  easily  average  6,000 
pounds  of  milk  in  a  year. 

Red  Polls. 
The  Red  Polls  originated  in  the  counties  of  Norfolk 
»nd  Suffolk,  England.  Their  introduction  into  and 
diffusion  through  the  various  States  has  been  chiefly 
made  through  the  last  three  decades.  They  are  rapid 
ly  growing  in  popularity.  There  is  unquestionably  a 
fine  future  before  this  breed  in  the  United  States.  They 
are  already  fonnd  in  a  large  majority  of  the  States  in 
the  Union. 


Red  Polls  are  not  so  large  as  Shorthorns,  but  are 
somewhat  larger  than  the  Devons.  The  average  of  a 
mature  cow  would  be  somewhere  in  the  vicinity  of 
1,200  pounds.  They  are  of  sufficient  refinement  in 
form,  and,  as  the  name  implies,,  are  red  in  color  and 
polled. 

'ihe  dual  quality  in  Red  Polls  has  been  more  clear- 
ly established  than  in  other  breeds  of  the  dual  types — 
that  is  to  say,  the  records  of  milk  and  meat  pioduc- 


Red  Poll  Cvw  B.\ey  E.t::.  X   .  v-,- 

tion  are  more  ample  from  which  to  draw  conclusions. 
In  England  are  many  herds  in  which  records  have 
been  kept  of  all  the  cows  in  the  same  for  many  succes- 
sive years.  Data  is  also  accessible  relating  to  the  per- 
formance of  many  animals  on  the  block  and  in  the  fat 
stoek  shows.     Whole  herds,  in  some  instances  exceed- 


1W3,] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


31 


ing  100  animals,  have  averaged  from  5.000  to  6,000 
poanda  of  milk  in  a  year.  In  several  instances,  cows 
have  produced  more  than  10,000  pounds  per  annum. 
From  these  game  herds  steers  have  been  sent,  from 
time  to  time,  which  have  been  winners  at  the  Smith 
field  in  competition  with  steers  of  the  strictly  beef 
producing  types. 

In  the  United  States  also  in  several  instances  Red 
Polled  cows  have  produced  more  than  10,000  pounds 
of  milk  per  annum.  Notable  among  such  producers 
waa  the  cow  Mayflower  12th  in  the  herd  of  Captain 
V.  T.  Hills,  Delaware,  Ohio.  In  this  herd  the  famous 
cow  Mayflower  11th  No.  2965,  produced  52  8585 
pounds  of  milk  in  five  years,  a  record  that  is  proba 
bly  unrivalled  in  the  annals  of  milk  production  by 
one  animal.  It  has  also  been  found  that  Red  Polled 
high  grade  steers  properly  fattened  command  top  prices 
at  the  stock  yards. 

Red  Poll  sires  are  also  very  satisfactory  when  used 
In  grading  by  crossing  them  on  common  stocks.  The 
progeny  are  polled,  and  the  inheritance  shows  most 
strikingly  the  piepotent  character  of  Red  Poll  trans 
mission.  This  crossing  should  answer  well  on  farms 
In  the  Atlantic  and  Southern  States,  as  well  as  those 
North  and  West,  since  the  Red  Polls  are  somewhat 
less  in  size  than  Shorthorns. 

Devons. 

The  Devons  are  a  tidy  little  breed  of  cattle,  which, 
as  the  name  implies,  originated  in  Devonshire,  Eog- 
land.  They  were  noted  for  meat  and  milk  production 
more  than  a  hundred  years  ago.  They  are  the  small 
est  in  size  of  all  the  dual  purpose  breeds,  and  yet  the 
average  Devon  cow  matured  and  in  good  flesh  should 
weigh  about  1,000  pounds.  They  are  a  whole  red  in 
oolor,  usually  a  dark  red,  and  are  neat  in  form.  Com- 
pared with  Shorthorns,  they  are  less  massive,  some 
what  finer  in  bone,  longer  relatively  and  finer  in  the 
nose,  and  have  longer,  finer  and  more  upturned  and 
spreading  horns.  They  are  also  more  active  on  foot. 
In  New  England,  there  are  some  fine  herds  of  milk 
ing  Devons  in  the  pure  and  also  in  the  graded  form. 
The  same  is  true  of  Pennsylvania,  Ohio  and  some 
other  Stites.  Some  of  these  average  more  than  6,000 
pounds  of  milk  of  good  quality  per  year.  Many  of 
the  herds  on  the  other  hand  have  been  grown  only  for 
beef  and  for  successive  generations.  The  milking 
qualities  of  these  are  not  a  little  impaired.  There  is 
no  question  of  the  fact,  however,  that  Devon  cattle 
fatten  readily  and  make  an  excellent  quality  of  beef. 
They  kill  well — that  is  to  say,  the  dressed  meat  in  a 
carcass  is  relatively  large.  Owing  to  the  want  oi 
massiveness  in  the  frame,  and  to  the  active  habits  of 
the  Devon  cattle,  they  have  peculiar  adaptation  for 
broken  and  somewhat  rugged  pastures,  and  for  condi- 


tions where  production  is  not  of  the  very  best.  There 
should  be  a  large  field  for  Devon  cattle  in  the  South- 
ern Srates.  Mr.  W.  C.  Edwards,  of  Rockland,  Ontario, 
Canada,  has  one  of  the  best  herds  of  Shorthorns  in 


Canada.  He  keeps  them  on  productive  land.  He  has 
also  a  good  herd  of  Devons.  He  keeps  them  on  rug- 
ged, hilly  and  rocky  land.  He  told  the  writer  some 
rime  ago  that  while  the  Devons  did  well  under  those 
conditions,  he  was  satisfied  that  under  the  same  con- 
ditions the  Shorthorcs  would  not  be  a  success. 

It  has  been  shown  that  there  is  a  wide  place  for  the 
dual  purpose  cow.  It  has  been  shown  that  we  have 
dual  purpose  cows  in  the  grade  form  and  dual  purpose 
breeds  in  the  pure  form.  It  has  also  been  made  appa- 
rent that  because  of  well  meant  but  misleading  teach- 
ing, during  the  last  two  decades  the  dual  element  in 
grade  cows  has  gone  backward  rather  than  forward. 
Now  that  public  sentiment  is  coming  in  like  a  flood  in 
the  opposite  direction,  how  is  the  farmer  to  proceed 
who  desires  to  build  up  a  herd  of  dual  purpose  cowsT 
The  plan  is  simple  if  the  material  can  be  found.  Let 
him  purchase  dual  purpose  cows  of  correct  form 
wherever  they  can  be  found.  He  need  not  be  much 
concerned  about  the  blood  elements  if  he  can  get  cowi 
of  sufficient  size  and  correct  form.  If  these  are  con- 
fciderably  mixed,  it  will  be  no  detriment  to  the  work 
which  he  is  trying  to  do.  In  making  such  purchases, 
the  only  outlay  is  for  the  animals.  Nothing  addi- 
tional has  to  be  paid  for  blood.  Thus  far  the  work  is 
easy. 

The  next  step  is  more  difficult.  It  is  not  so  easy  to 
get  suitable  bulls  They  should  be  chosen  from  the 
dual  purpose  breeds,  and  should  invariably  be  purely 
bred  and  of  good  individuality.  If  from  dams  and 
grandams  of  superior  milking  capacity,  the  writer 
would  not  object,  though  they  should  have  a  prepon- 
derance of  leaning  toward  the  beef  form — that  is,  to 
the  form  that  guards  stamina  and  vigor.  Any  ten- 
I  dency  toward  undue  fleshiness  in  the  female  progeny 


22 


THE  80UTHBEN  PT.ANTTirR 


[January 


can  be  connteracted  by  selection.  Continue  to  choose 
males  thns,  and  from  only  one  breed,  and  the  result 
will  be  dual  purpose  cattle. 

But  it  may  be  objected,  will  not  a  good  many  of  the 
progeny  be  unsnited  for  retention  in  the  herd!  Cer- 
tainly, that  is  true  of  all  breeding,  but  it  may  be  ex- 
pected to  lessen  as  this  style  of  breeding,  wisely  con- 
ducted, progresses.  Unsuitable  animals  will  appear 
In  all  herds  every  season,  no  matter  what  the  style 
of  breeding,  and  when  they  do  they  must  of  course 
be  sent  to  the  block.  These  undesirable  variations  will 
decrease  in  proportion  as  line-bred  and  vigorous  males 
are  used. 

In  the  principles  that  govern  the  breeding  of  dual 
purpose  cattle,  there  is  nothing  essentially  difficult. 
In  the  practice,  there  is,  at  the  present  time.  Sup- 
pose the  individual  fixes  upon  the  Shorthorns,  the 
Polled  Daihams  or  the  Devons  from  which  to  draw 
his  balls.  •  In  the  United  States  it  is  not  easy  to  find 
such  bulls  in  thtse  breeds,  owing  to  the  general  trend 
of  the  breeding  during  recent  ytars.  But  some  of 
them  can  be  found,  and  their  relative  numbers  will 
increase  since  more  and  more  attention  is  going  to  be 
given  to  the  breeding  of  this  class  of  cattle  in  the  fn 
ture  than  in  the  past.  The  bieeding  of  the  dual  type 
of  Shorthorns  will  unquestionably  have  an  important 
future  in  this  country.  It  has  had  an  important  past 
in  England,  and  it  has  an  important  present. 

In  answer  to  the  statement  that  dual  purpose  cattle 
cannot  be  bred  as  such,  the  existence  of  the  Eed  Poll 
and  Brown  Swiss  breeds  furnish  sufficient  evidence 
regarding  its  falsity.  Here  are  two  breeds  that  have 
possessed  the  quality  for  a  long  time,  insomuch  that  it 
is  stamped  upon  them  a«  a  characteristic.  If  dual  types 
can  be  bred  in  on«  breed,  they  can  aUo  in  another. 
And  because  of  this  fact,  linked  with  the  great  de 
mand  for  such  animals,  the  day  is  near  when  they  will 
overshadow  other  types  of  cattle  in  this  country  on 
the  arable  farms.  Thos.  Shaw, 

Recently  Professor  of  Animal  Husbandry  at  the 
University  of  Minnesota. 


SPECIAL  BEEF  BREEDS  FOR  SOUTHERN 
FARHERS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter : 

Inteoduotion. 
Cattle  may  be  classified  in  one  of  two  ways— either 
as  natives,  common  or  graded,  and  pure  breds,  or  as 
special  beef,  special  dairy,  and  general  or  dual  pur 
po«e.  A  half  century  ago  the  predominating  type  of 
cattle  In  the  country  was  the  native  or  scrub,  but  du- 
ring the  past  few  years  the  introduction  of  pure  bred 
sires  has  so  changed  and  Improved  the  quality  of  our 
cattle  that  the  larger  part  of  them  may  be  properly 


classified  as  graded  stock  ;  that  is,  containing  one  or 
more  crosses  of  the  pure  bred  sire  on  the  original  na- 
tive cows.  Pare  bred  cattle  are  those  entitled  to  reg- 
istration by  reason  of  their  long  lineage  in  which  no 
admixture  of  foreign  blood  appears.  This  classifica- 
tion is,  of  course,  defective  in  that  it  does  not  distin- 
guish the  qualities,  or  better,  the  functions  of  the  sev- 
eral kinds  of  neat  cattle. 

In  the  United  States  we  have  a  trifold  interest  in 
breeding  cattle  in  that  we  raise  them  for  the  produc- 
tion of  milk  and  butter  ;  hence  the  distinct  dairy  type ; 
for  beef ;  or  for  the  purpose  of  combining  both  beef 
and  milk,  so  far  as  possible,  in  one  and  the  same  ani- 
mal. This  classification  is  very  satisfactory  in  many 
respects,  though  it  is  a  question  sometimes  to  know 
where  to  place  certain  of  the  milking  strains  of  Short- 
horns, Bed  Polls  and  other  animals  of  the  dual- purpose 
type. 

Beef  Breeds  in  the  South. 

Following  the  above  classification  it  appears  that 
there  are  five  principal  tj  pes  of  pure  bred  beef  cattle 
scattered  over  the  South,  and  well  adapted  to  that  por- 
tion of  it  comprised  in  the  Appalachian  region  which 
is  sometimes  called  the  middle  South.  These  breeds 
are  the  Shorthorn,  Hereford,  Aberdeen  Angus,  Gallo- 
way and  Sussex.  Of  course,  there  are  some  other 
well  known  beef  breeds  in  the  United  States,  and  sev- 
eral well  established  ones,  that  might  be  introduced 
from  foreign  conatries,  but  as  they  have  not  been  tried 
in  the  South,  their  adaptation  to  our  conditions  is 
simply  a  matter  of  conjecture,  while  the  purpose  of 
this  article  is  to  discuss  briefly  the  qualities  of  some 
of  the  bretds  which  have  been  reeident  long  enough  in 
the  country  to  enable  a  fair  estimate  of  their  value  to 
be  safely  made. 

Oeigin  of  the  Breeds. 

Strange  as  it  may  seem,  all  the  five  breeds  men- 
tioned originated  in  Great  Britain ;  the  Shorthorn, 
Hereford  and  Sussex  in  England,  and  the  Aberdeen 
Angus  and  Galloway  in  Scotland.  The  oldest  of  these 
breeds  is  the  Shorthorn  or  Durham,  the  latter  name 
being  taken  from  the  county  in  which  they  originated. 
They  are  a  cosmopolitan  breed,  their  first  improvers 
being  the  Colling  Bros.,  of  Ketton,  England,  who 
commenced  their  work  previous  to  1780.  Among 
other  distinguished  fanciere  of  these  cattle  were  Messrs. 
Bates,  Booth  and  Cruikshanks,  men  who  have  stamp- 
ed their  ideals  on  the  strains  which  bear  their  names. 
It  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  first  Importation  of 
Shorthorns  in  America  is  said  to  have  been  mide  by 
Messrs.  Goff  and  Miller,  of  Virginia. 

The  Hereford  originated  in  Herefordshire,  and  ref- 
erences were  made  to  them  by  Speed  and  Marshall  in 
1627  and  1788.  Benjamin  Tompkins  and  John  Price 
were  the  two  most  celebrated  improvers  of  this  breed 


1903.] 


THE  BOTJTHBEN  PLANTEB. 


28 


which  is  first  supposed  to  have  been  imported  into 
the  United  States  by  Hon.  Henry  Clay,  of  Kentucky, 
in  1817. 

Aberdeen  A.ngU8  cattle  originated  from  the  native 
stock  of  the  country ,  and  the  most  notable  improver 
of  the  breed  was  Hugh  Wat8on,  who  estiblished  the 
Keillor  herd  in  1808.  This  breed  was  first  introduced 
Into  the  United  States  in  1873.  Wherever  it  has  gone 
it  has  made  ready  friends  for  itself,  owing  to  the  splen 
did  feeding  qualities  of  the  animals  and  their  uniform 
appearance  and  kindly  disposition. 

The  Galloway  cattle  originated  in  the  district  whose 
name  they  bear  in  Scotland.  Being  reared  in  a  cold, 
bleak  country,  frequently  1,500  feet  above  the  sea 
level,  they  are  a  hardy,  aggressive  breed,  and  have 
been  celebrated  for  many  jears  for  the  high  quality  of 
meat  they  produce.  They  were  first  introduced  into 
America  by  Graham  Bros.,  of  Vaughan,  Ontario,  Can- 
ada, in  1853.  Since  then  they  have  found  favor  in  al- 
most every  section  of  the  United  States. 


numbers  in  America.  It  is  a  very  difficult  matter  to 
discuss  the  relative  merit  of  these  different  breeds,  be- 
cause there  are  splendid  individuals  in  all  of  them, 
and  the  success  of  a  breed  is  more  frequently  measured 
by  environment,  and  the  skill,  care  and  treatment 
given  it  by  the  owner  than  by  any  other  factor.  It  is 
impossible  to  discuss  the  relative  merits  of  the  five 
breeds  here  mentioned  in  detail,  but  in  order  that  the 
reader  may  get  a  fair  idea  of  their  many  excellent 
qualities,  the  following  table  has  been  prepared,  which 
gives  a  fair  idea  of  their  relative  merit.  To  study  them 
intelligently,  it  is  first  necessary  to  consider  their  spe- 
cial qualities,  contrast  their  strong  and  weak  points, 
and  80  ascertain  their  value  for  special  locations. 
Why  People  Fail  with  Impkoved  Stock. 
One  reason  why  so  many  people  have  become  dis- 
gusted with  improved  breeds  of  stock  is  due  to  the 
fact  that  they  have  selected  their  breeding  animals 
without  regard  to  the  environment  from  which  they 
came  and  to  which  they  are  naturally  best  adapted. 


The  Sussex  cattle  originated  in  Sussex  county,  Eag 
land-  and  were  supposed  to  have  been  cotemporaneous 
with  the  Devons  at  an  early  date.  They  made  fine 
records  at  the  Smithfield  Pat  Stock  Show  in  London 
many  years  ago,  though  a  Sussex  herd  book  was  not 
established  in  England  until  1860.  They  were  first 
Imported  into  the  United  States  by  Hon.  Overton  Lea, 
of  Nashville,  Tenn.,  in  1884,  and  while  'hey  are  a  most 
excellent  breed,  they  are  not  widely  disseminated  in 
the  United  States,  owing  to  the  comparative  newness 
of  the  breed  and  the  small  number  of  persons  who  are 
interested  in  their  production. 

A  Comparison  of  the  "Qualities"  oe  the 
Several  Breeds. 

Thi?,  then,  will  give  the  reader  some  idea  of  the  ori- 
gin of  the  principal  beef  breeds  introduced  into  the 
South.  As  our  forefathers  all  came  from  Great  Britain, 
it  is  easy  to  understand  why  the  special  types  of  beef 
animals  developed  so  successfully  across  the  water, 
have  found  so  much  favor  and  increased  so  largely  in 


Then,  after  purchasing  the  animals,  they  have  failed 
to  realise  that  improved  qualities  are  engrafted  and 
maintained  by  reason  of  the  greater  skill  exercised  in 
the  care  and  feeding,  breeding  and  management  of  the 
stock.  Animals  brought  up  under  favorable  condi- 
tions, and  suddenly  removed  from  these,  will  surely 
deteriorate  in  the  direction  of  the  scrub.  Considering 
the  vital  interest  be«f  husbandry  should  have  for  our 
people,  it  is  very  important  that  they  familiari«e 
themselves  with  the  qualities  of  the  various  breeds  of 
stock  before  purchasing  them,  else  they  may  choose 
animals  unsuited  to  their  environment,  and  so  reap  a 
harvest  of  thorns  instead  of  shekels,  though,  in  the 
long  run,  their  own  carelessness  is  the  cause  of  their 
final  misfortune. 

The  Shorthorns  give  their  best  results  on  good  pas- 
tures and  on  arable  lands.  They  also  do  well  on  the 
range,  the  Shorthorn  grades  being  the  predominating 
type  of  graded  cattle  found  in  every  part  of  the  United 
i  States.     Probably  th«y  have  given  better  results  on 


24 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAIirrER 


[January 


A  COMPARISON  OF  THE  QUALITIES  OF  THE  SEVERAL  BREEDS. 


Shorthorn. 


Hereford. 


Aberdeen  Angus. 


Sut-SKX. 


Diuemination... 


Mardihood.. 


C«n/ormalion . 


CtloT  Markingi... 

XegxstrcUum. 

Apprecialion 

Adaptation 

Sie« 

Maturity 

Orating 

Feeding 

Meal 


All  over  U.  S.  and  in 
many  foreign  coun- 
tries. 

Good,  predominate  on 
ranges  all  over  coun 
try. 

Rectangular,  blocky, 
symmetrical  outline 
and  gracaful  car- 
riage. 

Red,  white  or  ro»n 
mixed  indiscrimi 
nately. 


367,950  U.  S.  H.  B. 

The  most  cosmopoli 
tan  and  best  knowu 
breed. 


Very  wide;    best   on 
arable,  level  lands. 


Widely  distributed  in 
U.  S  and  Canada, 
also  in  S.  A.  and  Aus. 


Bred  in  many  State.= 
and  in  many  foreign 
countries. 


Best  results  on  ranges  Medium, 
of  south  and  south- 
we»t. 


Unsurpassed  - 
mos. 


Rectangular,  compact 
body  ;  smooth  out- 
line; docile. 


White  chiefly  on  face, 
breast  belly  and 
back  ;  red  on  neck, 
side  and  quarters. 

95  000  A.  H.  B. 

Second  only  to  Short- 
horn. 


Wide  adaptability; 
splendid  rustlers  for 
range  country. 

Practically  equal  to 
Shorthorns. 


2  4  -30  Equal  to  Shorthorns. 


ilillc. 


Utility /or  Cross'g 


Weaknesses.. 


Excellent  on  good  pas 
tures. 

First  class. 


High  per  cent,  of  good 
meat;  excellent 
quality. 


Amount  small;  qual- 
ity good. 

More  largely  used  in 
past  than  all  other 
breeds. 

In  some  instances 
weak  constitution 
due  to  inand-in 
breeding;  tendency 
to  sterility. 


Unsurpassed. 


About  equal  to  Short- 
horn. Inclined  to 
patchineas  under 
forced  feeding. 

Kill  well ;  produce  fine 
juicy  meat. 


Quality  good;  quan- 
tity deficient. 

Good  on  natives  and 
on  Shorthorns  and 
Galloways. 

Poor  milkers,  large 
dewlap,  light  in 
thigh. 


Low,  sturdy,  smooth 
cylindrical  in  out- 
line. 


32,500  A.  H.  B. 

Not  so  well  known  as 
some  other   breeds 
great  favorites  where 
introduced 

Temperate  climates; 
arable,  undulated 
lands. 


Found"<<;hiefly  in  Mo., 
III. ,  Kan.,  Minn,  and 
Canada. 

First  class. 


Low  set,,  sturdy,  ro- 
bust, coat  curly,  fea- 
tures fine. 


Black. 


14,491  A.  H.  B. 

Not  so  well  known  a? 
breeds  previously 
mentioned. 


Limited  to  Tenn.,  Me.^ 
HI.,  Ind.,Okl.,Tex.^ 
Kan.,  Colo, Canada. 

Fair. 


Smooth  and  symmetri- 
cal. 


Red. 


No  U.  S.  record  book. 
Popular  where  known 


Fine  for  range  pur- 
poses, especialy  in 
northwest. 


Nearly  equal  to  Short-  Do  not  scale  quite  so 
horns  and  Herefords.     well  as  other  breeds 
mentioned. 


Equal  to  Shorthorns 
and  Herefords. 


First  class;  unexcelled 


Marbling  of  meat 
slightly  better  than 
Shorthorn  or  Here 
ford ;  kill  well. 

Quality  good ;  quan- 
tity deficient. 

Excellent  on  common 
stock  and  Shorthorn 
grades. 

Indifferent  milkers — 
somewhat  lacking  in 
scale. 


Under  ' 
early. 


forced  feed,' 


Unsurpassed. 


Take  on  flesh  smooth 
ly ;  good  feeders. 


Finely  marbled  and 
very  delicate  in  fla- 
vor. 


Quality  good ;  quan- 
tity deficient. 

Excellent  on  common 
stock ;  remarkably 
prepotent. 

Poor  milkers ;  slightly 
deficient  in  scale. 


Best  for  temperate  cli- 
mates and  rich  pas- 
tures. 

Larger  in  frame  than> 
Galloway,  though 
smaller  than  other 
breeds. 

Not  quite  equal  to 
Shorthorn  and  Here- 
ford. 

Excellent. 


Put  on  flesh  rapidly 
and  distribute  it  well. 


Excellent  quality^ 
bone  a  little  coarse. 


Excellent,  but  defi- 
cient in  quantity. 

Not  been  used  exten- 
sively for  this  pur» 
pose. 

Dissemination  too  lim- 
ited to  enable  a  cor»- 
rect  estimate. 


the  ranches  of  the  West  and  Northwest,  and  in  the 
Appalachian  region  of  the  South,  than  some  other 
breeds.  The  Shorthorn  grade  is  still  regarded  by  the 
majority  of  American  breeders  and  feeders  as  the  best 
general  purpose  animal  that  has  ever  been  produced. 
The  Herefords  are  well  adapted  for  rnstliBg  and 
hunting  their  food  over  wide  areas,    They  have  given 


the  most  excellent  results  on  the  ranches  of  the  Sonth 
and  Southwest,  where  they  have  increased  wonderfully 
in  numbers  in  the  past  few  years.  In  fact,  the  Hereford 
sires  have  been  so  largely  used  on  some  ranches  that 
the  type  of  the  native  has  entirely  disappeared  and 
given  place  to  the  popular  white  face  and  red  mark- 
ings of  the  Hereford  breed.  As  rustlers  for  range  pojr 


D.  H.  HILL  LIBRARY 

North  Carolina  State  Cortege 


1»03.] 


THE  SOUTHERN   PLANTER. 


26 


Hereford  Bull  at  the  head  of  the  ''  Herbert  Domain  Herd  of  Tennessee." 
poses,  especially  in  the  Southwest  country,  the  Here-  laud  quantity  of  food  the  various  improved  types  re- 
fords  have  something  of  an  advantage  over  any  of  the  quire.     It  is  impossible  to  answer  this  question  spe- 
other  improved  breeds  at  the  present  time.  :  cifically,  for  it  is  a  matter  that  has  not  been  worked 

The  Aberdeen  Angus,  on  the  other  hand,  has  not  out  experimentally.  While  individual  animals  vary, 
been  tried  for  that  purpose  so  extensively  as  either  of  the  bieeds  as  a  whole  do  not  differ  materially  as  to  the 
the  other  breeds.  Naturally,  they  are  more  like  the  \  amount  of  food  consumed  for  a  pound  of  gain.  In 
Shorthorn,  and  give  better  returns  on  arable  lands  sections  where  white  clover  or  blue  jrass,  or  other 
and  good  pastures.  For  stall  feeding  purposes,  they  tame  paetuies  can  be  established  and  utilieed  for  the 
are  probably  unexcelled,  taking  on  flesh  and  fat  more  entire  summer  and  partial  winter  grazing  as  well, 
rapidly  and  uniformly  than  any  of  the  other  breeds,  !  there  will  be  no  difBculty  about  maintaining  any  of 
and  being  short  in  the  leg,  compact  in  conformation,  the  above  breeds,  while  for  the  supplemental  feeds  re- 
and  cylindrical  in  appearance,  with  a  jet  black  coat,  quired  for  the  winter  feeding,  or  for  the  finishing  of 
they  finish  up  in  the  most  superb  form  when  placed  the  grades  of  these  breeds,  there  will  be  still  less  diffi- 
«n  "forced  feeding."  culty.    The  whole  area  is  well  adapted  to  the  cultiva- 

The  Galloway,  on  the  other  hand,  is  well  adapted  tion  of  corn.    On  improved  lands,  even  of  upland 


for  range  purposes.  It  does  well  on  the  Northwestern 
prairies,  where  the  winter  is  particularly  trying.  It 
has  a  long,  shaggy,  curly  overcoat,  with  a  thick,  fine 
undercoat,  enabling  it  to  stand  the  cold  weather  with 
comparative  impunity. 

The  Sussex  are  more  of  the  type  of  the  Shorthorn 
and  Aberdeen- Angus,  and  will  give  their  best  results 
when  placed  under  a  similar  environment. 

In  the  diversified  country  of  the  Appalachian  re 
gion,  the  animals  best  adapted  for  rarge  purposes  will 
be  the  grade  Shorthorns,  Hereford  and  Galloway. 
Those  best  adapted  for  maintenance  on  the  rich  valley 
lands  or  the  excellent  pastures  that  prevail  over  wide 
areas  of  this  section,  or  for  winter  feeding  on  surplus 
eorn  and  cotton  products  of  the  rich  river  bottoms, 
are  the  Shorthorn,  Angus  and  Sussex. 

MAiNTAmiNQ  Improved  Stock. 
The  next  question  that  arises  is  as  to  the  quality 


types,  30  to  40  busht'ls  of  corn  can  be  raised  under  in- 
tensive culture,  while  on  the  bottoms  it  will  frequent- 
ly go  to  100  bushels.  Cotton  is  raised  more  or  less  in 
all  parts  of  the  region  under  consideration,  and  cot- 
ton seed  meal,  combined  with  corn  meal,  forms  a  per- 
fect concentrate  for  the  maintenance  of  breeding  ani- 
mals or  for  the  winter  feeding  of  the  grades.  In  ad- 
dition, So)  beans  do  well,  and  will  produce  from  25 
to  40  bushels  per  acre  under  proper  treatment,  thus 
adding  another  concentrate  of  the  highest  feeding 
value  for  the  purpose  mentioned.  Pea  hay  can  also 
he  produced  in  large  quantities  at  a  moderate  cost. 
Corn  stover  can  be  had  in  abundance.  Silage,  con- 
taining from  15  to  25  per  cent,  of  cow- peas,  can  be 
made  from  sorghnm  or  corn  at  a  cost  of  about  $1  per 
ton,  while  yields  of  12  to  15  tons  per  acre  show  the 
readiness  with  which  the  soil  will  yield  suitable  crops 
for  the  winter  feeding  of  beef  cattle  when  given  proper 
culture  and  fertilization.     There  is  thus  no  difficalty 


26 


THE  MKUTHEEN   PLAJrTKB. 


[  Jannai  j 


Grade  Hereford  Calves  in  the  "  Herbert  Domain  "  Herd,  showing  the  result  of  crossing  a  pure  V^red  sire  on  native  cows. 


in  the  way  of  maintaining  either  the  improved  breeds 
intact,  or  the  grades  on  the  range  in  the  sammT  or 
"on  feed"  in  the  winter. 

If  there  is  any  difi&culy  in  the  way  of  introducing 
or  handling  improved  stock  by  reason  of  the  scarcity 
or  high  prices  of  suitable  food  stnflfs,  it  is  certainly 
the  fault  of  the  farmer,  because  nature  has  done  her 
part  in  that  she   has  provided   an  environ  a.ent  in 


Miss  Stuffe,  Lady  Nosegay  French  and  liarun  Koseby,  types 
of  Aberdeen-Angus  cattle,  owned  and  bred  by  A.  L.  French, 
of  Fitzgerald,  N.  C. 

which  the  most  desirable  crops  for  the  maintenance  of 

cattle  can  be  grown  to  perfection,  whether  the  end  in 

view  be  cheap  fodder  or  hay  or  rich  concentrates. 

Stockmen  Needed. 

A  little  study  and  forethought  will  overcome  the 
difl&cnlties  of  the  feeding  problem,  but  there  is  an 
other  obstacle  which  may  prove  more  serious,  and 
that  is  the  lack  of  generations  of  training  in  the  man 


agement  of  improved  stock.  While  education  will 
make  a  live,  up  to  date  stockman,  the  process  is  often 
slow  with  inexperienced  and  untrained  laborers.  Men 
who  have  learned  to  till  the  fields,  or  to  cultivate  cot-  ■ 
ton,  do  not  take  kindly  to  what  they  term  the  drudge-^ 
ry  of  the  live  stock  business,  an  idea  that  loses  casfce 
very  quickly  when  one  becomes  well  acquainted  with 
the  live  stock  business.  The  man  who  would  be  a 
successful  feeder  and  breeder  must  know  his  animals 
individually;  he  must  study  their  needs  each  day  in 
order  that  he  may  supply  their  varying  wants  prompt- 
ly. He  must  grow  up  with  his  animals,  as  it  were, 
and  they  must  become  a  part  of  his  being.  This  does 
not  require  personal  sacrifice  to  the  real  student  of 
iDimal  production,  yet  it  constitutes  the  principal  es- 
sential of  success  in  a  stockman.  The  man  who  enters 
into  the  breeding  of  live  stock  should  have  an  inhe- 
rent love  for  animals,  and  be  willing  to  devote  his 
time  and  attention,  his  thought  and  his  energies,  to 
the  development  of  animals  of  unequalled  excellence, 
for  this  should  be  the  obje  't  of  every  successful  stock- 
man. 

Need  of  a  Fence  Law. 

Another  and  mo3t  serlons  difficulty  in  the  way  of 
introducing  improved  stock  in  the  Appalachian  re- 
gion is  due  to  the  need  of  an  adequate  fence  law  in 
many  sections  of  the  country.  In  other  words,  the 
owner  of  a  farm  must  fence  his  land  to  keep  out  his 
neighbor's  stock.  This  certainly  seems  to  be  wrong, 
and  is  one  of  the  most  serious  drawbacks  to  stock- 
husbandry  at  the  present  day.  It  is  a  drawback  be- 
cause it  permits  the  slothful  and  indiflferent  man  to 
turn  loose  upon  the  community  males  of  the  most  in- 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


27 


different  quality,  which  not  only  prove  a  menace  to 
the  highly  bred  stock  of  the  progressive  farmer,  but 
also  seriously  interferes  with  the  legitimate  develop 
ment  of  his  business.  The  present  system  of  fencing, 
as  it  exists  in  some  of  the  States  of  the  Appalachian 
region,  is  altogether  wrong,  and  must  be  righted  be 
fore  our  live  stock  will  improve  as  rapidly  as  the  nat 
ural  conditions  now  warrant.  The  sooner  the  live 
stockmen  can  get  together  in  a  grand  co  operative 
movement,  and  see  that  this  unjustifiable  nuisance  is 
abated  and  properly  regulated  by  law,  the  better  it 
will  be  for  every  agricultural  interest  of  the  South, 


as  in  many  other  sections  of  the  country.  In  the  sum 
mer  time,  the  large  number  of  running  streams  pro- 
vide an  abundance  of  pure  water,  and  in  no  section 
of  the  United  States  do  trees  grow  more  vigorously 
or  lend  more  grateful  shade  during  the  heat  of  the 
day.  In  the  winter  time,  snow  raiely  falls,  and  if  it 
does,  stajs  but  a  day  or  two,  while  it  is  a  matter  o 
common  remark  among  "the  oldest  inhabiants" 
when  the  thermometer  goes  below  zero.  Even  then 
it  will  only  be  a  temporary  matter,  lasting  for  two  or 
three  days.  Andrew  M.  Soule, 

Vice  Director  and  Agriculturist. 
Experiment  Station,  Knoxville,  Tenn. 


Sussex  Steer. — Rosewood,  Champion  Yearlina;,  Fat  Stock  Show 
1888,  the  property  of  Mr.  Overton  Lea,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

for  there  is  no  interest  more  widespreading  in  its  in- 
fluence, or  which  needs  to  be  developed  more  consist- 
ently and  rapidly  for  the  greatest  good  of  our  farmers 
than  our  animal  industries. 

A  Superb  Climate. 
Some  have  urged  that  the  Southern  climate  is  hot, 
and  that  the  heavy  beef  breeds  will  of  necessity  not 
do  so  well.  There  is  nothing  in  this  contention  so  far 
as  it  applies  to  the  Appalachian  region.  The  eleva- 
tion of  the  country  above  sea  level  is  sufficient  to  pro 
vide  the  most  equable  climate,  both  in  summer  and 
winter.     Extremes  of  heat  and  cold  are  not  met  with 


FOOT  AND  nOUTH  DISEASE  IN  CATTLE. 

Editor  of  Southern  Planter. 

Secretary  Wilson's  appeal  to  Congress  for  an  emer- 
gency appropriation  of  $L.000,000,  to  enable  the  De- 
partment of  Agriculture  to  suppress  the  foot  and  mouth 
disease  that  has  broken  out  among  cattle  in  New  Eng- 
land, should  meet  with  the  hearty  approval  of  every 
American  farmer. 

In  my  visits  to  Germany  and  Switzerland  I  hava 
been  frequently  struck  with  the  ravages  of  this  dis- 
ease, despite  the  unceasing  activity  of  the  govern- 
ments and  local  authorities,  as  well  as  of  agricultural 
societies,  live  stock  insurance  companies  and  private 
individuals.  In  my  foot  tours  through  the  Swiss  Alps, 
last  summer,  I  noticed  a  large  number  of  roads  and 
paths  leading  to  infected  districts  that  were  closed  and 
guarded.  Both  of  these  countries  have  adopted  every 
known  precautionary  measure,  and  are  well  provided 
with  very  capable  veterinarians,  but  still  the  "  Maul- 
nnd  Klauen  seuche"  holds  its  own. 

In  Germany  it  is  quite  probable  that  a  new  stock 
disease  law  will  be  enacted  at  thiseefsion  of  the  Reich- 
stag or  the  old  quarantine  law  amended,  as  it  has  been 
shown  that  quarantining  foreign  cattle  on  the  German 
frontier  has  not  been  able  to  prevent  the  spread  of  the 
disease.  Sam'l  Rolfe  Millar, 

Warren  Co.,ya.,  Dec.  10,  1902. 


28 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


[Janaary 


BREEDS  OF  SHEEP  FOR  THE  SOUTH. 

BdUor  Southern  Planter: 

Sheep  fill  a  most  important  position  in  advanced 
agriculture.  The  presence  of  a  flock,  on  any  farm, 
may  be  taken  without  qaeetion  as  an  indication  that 
it  is  in  the  hands  of  a  wise  and  successful  farmer. 
There  are  several  reasons  for  this.  The  mere  feeding 
of  sheep  is  conducive  to  profit.  There  is  no  other  ani 
iBal  kept  on  a  farm  which  returns  so  much  income  dl 
rectly,  and  no  other  which  exercises  so  useful  a  result 
on  the  land  by  its  mere  feeding.  It  is  an  omnivorous 
feeder,  and  the  larger  part  of  its  feeding  is  made  up  of 
what  would  otherwise  be  wasted.  It  gleans  the  fields, 
it  picks  up  all  the  small  residues  of  other  animals  feed 
ing,  and  it  turns  itj  food  into  three  different  sources 
of  income  to  the  farmer.  Moreover,  by  its  needed  de 
mauds  on  the  farmer  it  forces  him  to  practice  the  most 
economical  methods  of  working  his  land,  and  growing 
crops.  Let  us  give  at  this  point  oae  single  exam- 
ple. There  is  a  fodder  plant  of  the  turnip  family 
known  as  rape.  Two  pounds  of  seed  sown  on  an  acre 
at  the  last  working  of  the  corn  crop,  or  oa  any  other 
convenient  otherwise  idle  part  of  the  farm,  will  feed 
thirty  sheep  from  the  time  the  corn  is  cut  to  the  snow 
fall,  or  even  later,  as  conditions  may  permit.  The 
rape  will  renew  its  growth  early  in  the  spring,  and 
contribute  still  more  feed  until  the  next  crop,  which 
iB  usually  oats,  is  sown  ;  and  then  after  it  is  harvested 
the  growth  on  the  stubble  will  contribute  still  more 
feed.  Tills  is  only  one  instance,  mentioned  in  the  oat 
Mt  of  this  article,  among  many  which  go  to  show  the 
simple  and  easy  manner  of  supporting  a  flock  on  any 
&rm  under  common  methods  of  culture.  And  in  this 
manner  the  feeding  of  the  flock  will  come  in  a  sort 
of  rotation  with  other  uses  of  the  land,  every  one  of 
which  is  conducive  to  economy,  profit,  and  improve 
ment  of  the  soil  by  which  other  parts  of  the  farm  man- 
agement may  be  increased  in  productive  value.  There 
1*  no  difficulty  about  it.  The  only  single  thing  to  be 
done  is  to  go  and  do  it  by  whatever  easiest  method  it 
may  be.  And  as  soon  as  one  season  has  give.i  the 
needed  experience,  the  work  will  be  easier  and  sim 
pier,  and  the  owner  of  a  flock  will  be  amated  that  he 
did  not  fall  into  the  habit  earlier.  We  are  not  just 
now  studying  the  methods  by  whieh  the  flock  may  be 
■npported  and  managed  all  through,  but  only  the  kinds 
of  sheep  which  are  best  salted  to  the  conditions  of  ag 
ricultare  in  the  South  ;  indeed,  everywhere  in  fact ; 
for  the  special  circumstances  by  which  the  Southern 
farmer  Is  surrounded  and  controlled  are  varied  very 
little  by  his  special  environments.  In  fact,  his  circum 
stances  make  it  an  easier  business  to  him  than  to  any 
farmer  in  other  localities,  and  one  single  thing  only 
need  be  mentioned  to  make  this  very  plain.    This  is 


that  in  the  South  sheep  may  live  every  day  in  the 
fields,  and  gather  their  subsistence  on  what  in  other 
localities  might  go  to  waste  as  far  as  making  money 
profit  out  of  it ;  and  a  flock  may  be  so  managed  as  not 
only  to  subsist  itself  with  ease  but  at  the  same  to  so 
improve  the  soil  by  the  improved  conditions — growing 
out  of  the  feeding  of  the  flock,  as  that  each  acre  of 
land  may  soon  doable  its  produce  without  any  other 
addition  to  the  resources  of  the  farm. 

And  in  thus  adding  to  these  resources  it  matters  lit- 
tle whac  kind  of  sheep  is  kept.  A  sheep  is  a  sheep, 
in  this  respect ;  and  it  is  only  a  matter  of  convenience 
and  fancy  which  breed  is  chosen  for  this  use  Yeb  the 
fancy  goes  a  long  way  in  regard  to  tlie  pleasure  and 
profit  of  keeping  a  flock.  Tastes  differ  in  this  respect ; 
and  so  the  kind  of  shcp  chosen  should  please  the 
fancy  of  the  owner  ;  for  what  we  love  best  in  this  re- 
spect we  make  the  most  successful  and  profitable. 

Breeds  of  Sheep  Most  Suitable. 
Sheep  may  be  distinguished  as  fitted  for  the  farm  or 
for  the  range,  and  some  for  the  special  purpose  of  rear- 
ing lambs  for  the  early  markets,  when  there  is  a  de- 
mand for  tender  lamb  of  two  or  three  months'  growth, 
which  has  been  increased  to  the  greatest  extent  by 
skillful  feeding.  On  account  of  the  favorable  climate 
and  nearness  to  the  best  markets  for  thes ),  those  sheep 
most  eminently  fitted  for  this  use  In  the  South  should 
be  first  noticed.  Sheep,  indeed,  are  the  most  easily 
adapted  to  varying  conditions  of  all  domestic  animals  ; 
but  while  this  is  so,  and  by  a  little  education  a  flock 
may  be  trained  to  bring  the  lambs  at  any  desired  time, 
yet  there  is  a  breed  which  has  been  so  trained  for  many 
years  as  a  special  business  that  lambs  may  be  had  at 
any  time  of  the  year,  or  in  fact  twice  in  the  year,  if  ib 
is  desired.    This  special  breed  is  known  as 

The  Dorset  Breed. 

In  our  description  of  the  best  sheep  for  the  South 
this  one  we  choose  first,  both  for  the  ease  of  its  man- 
agement and  its  value.  In  addition  to  these  special 
qualifications,  it  has  the  advantage  of  having  been 
reared  in  a  warm  climate,  very  much  similar  to  the 
average  of  the  Southern  Stites ;  and,  which  is  a  most 
important  consideration,  the  principal  great  consum- 
ing markets  for  the  lambs  are  in  close  proximity  to 
the  most  convenient  and  suitable  localities  for  the 
breeding  and  rearing  of  them. 

The  Dorset  sheep  is  a  horned  breed,  which  is  a  na- 
tive of  the  county  of  Dorset,  in  the  south  of  England, 
of  which  the  climate  is  mild  and  pleasant,  having  no 
severe  we*ther  in  the  winter,  but  the  flocks  are  able 
to  pasture  out  the  whole  year.  The  climate  has  its 
special  features  repeated  in  several  localities  of  the 
South,  especially  on  the  sea  coast  and  adj*cent  low- 
lands, with  the  low  ridges  further  west.     Both  rams 


1903.] 


THE  80UTHBEN  PLAJNTEB. 


29 


Dorset— Sweepstake  Ram  at  the  great  Omaha  Exposition. 
Bred  and  owned  by  R.  Stuyvesant,  owner  of  the  Tran- 
quility Stock  Farms,  New  Jersey. 


and  ewes  are  horned  ;  the  face  is  white,  broad,  and 
neatlj  formed,  the  horns  curving  spirally  on  each  side, 
giving  a  solid,  stately  and  substantial  figure  to  the 
whole  animal.  This  breed  is  able  to  maintain  itself 
in  defense  against  dogs,  which  in  the  South  are  really 
the  only  serious  obstacle  to  the  success  of  the  flocks  ; 
for  the  other  conditions,  as  the  weather,  the  soil,  the 
climate  and  the  feeding,  are  more  favored  by  nature 
than  in  any  other  part  of  the  whole  Union.  In  fact, 
we  have  everything  in  favor  of  the  shepherd's  Indus 
try,  and  our  especial  conditions  of  agriculture  all  go 
to  make  sheep  keeping  not  only  profitable  in  itself, 
bnt  advantageous  to  the  whole  culture  of  the  soil,  under 
our  greatly  vaiied  system  of  agiiculture.  This  useful 
sheep  is  exceedingly  hardy,  and  less  subject  to  diseases 
which  arise  from  neglect  than  any  other  breed.  It 
yields  a  fleece  of  five  pounds  of  pure,  white,  medium 
fine  wool,  most  favorably  adapted  for  the  smaller  kinds 
of  home  manufacture  common  in  the  South.  The 
wethers,  when  fed  for  market  at  two  ytars  of  age, 
yield  a  dressed  weight  of  eighty  pounds  of  excellent 
mutton.  Oq  the  whole,  we  may  very  justly  give  this 
breed  the  first  place  in  the  list  of  sheep  best  adapted 
to  Southern  conditions.  Its  long  and  careful  breeding 
has  given  it  a  strong  constitution  and  a  remarkably 
successful  ability  of  the  ram  to  impress  its  character 
on  the  native  sheep,  so  that  nearly  every  half  bred 
lamb  is  horned  like  its  sire. 

The  Sheopshibe. 
For  several  good  reasons  this  sheep  enjoys  the  repu 
tatlon  of  bei*g  the  moat  desirable  of  all  the  breeds.  It 
has  been  bred  everywhere,  and  from  Florida  to  the 
far  Northwest  among  the  great  range  flocks,  it  main 
tains  its  reputation  for  hardiness  in  cold  or  heat,  under 
spare  or  luxurious  living,  and  as  the  mother  of  strong 


which  are  most  suitable  to  the  conditions  of  the  South- 
ern farmer  ;  quite  as  well  as  to  those  prevailing  in  the 
far  West  and  Northwest,  where  the  flocks  rat  ge  over 
the  dry  ranges,  and  have  to  contend  with  the  fierce 
storms  which  the  Bistern  shepherd  is  unable  to  real- 
ize even  in  his  dreams.  It  is  one  of  the  oldest  breeds, 
and  one  of  the  first  to  be  brought  from  its  Eoglish 
home,  on  the  most  fertile  farms  of  that  well  farmed 
country,  and  it  has  miintained  here  its  character  for 
hardiness,  good  feeding,  healthfnlnes-s,  and  its  value 
for  its  mutton  and  wool.  Its  fleece  is  well  adapted  to 
the  conditions  peculiar  to  the  South,  especially  for  the 
us  9  of  the  local  country  mills,  and  is  marketable  at  the 
highest  prices  anywhere.  The  wool  is  between  fine 
and  coarse,  and  the  fleece  varies  in  weight  as  its  keep- 
ing may  have  been,  from  six  to  eight  pounds  for  ewes, 
and  proportionately  more  for  wethers  and  rams.  It 
will  yield  over  twenty  pounds  to  the  quarter  of  the 
very  best  of  mutton,  when  in  moderately  good  condi- 
tion, after  a  reasonably  good  feeding.  It  fattens  easily, 
and  for  domestic  use  may  be  taken  from  the  pasture 
any  day  in  the  year,  and  furnish  the  best  of  meat.  Its 
habits  are  quiet ;  it  is  not  given  to  wander  from  its 
pasture  or  its  home.  It  is  an  attractive  sheep  having 
a  dark  face,  varying  from  black  to  a  light  smutty  or 
brown  color,  all  over,  or  in  patches.     It  is  an  excel- 


Shkopshire.— First  Prize  Shearling  Ram  at  the  Royal  Show, 
owned  by  R.  P.  Cooper. 

lent  dam  for  the  early  market  lambs,  and  when  bred 

to  a  Dorset  ram,  or  when  the  ram  of  this  breed  is  used 

with  the  common  native  sheep,  the  lamb  will  easily 

reach  a  weight  of  fifty  pounds  at  ten  or  twelve  weeks 

age.     The  Shropshire  ram  is  the  best  animal  to  cross 

on  our  common  native  S  )uthern  ewes,  and  two  crosses 

will  produce  sheep  which  will  e  isily  go  for  purebred. 

It  may  be  said,  that  with  the  exception  of  the  Merino 

ram,  it  is  by  far  the  best  kind  to  cross  on  our  common 

Southern  ewes  for  the  purpose  of  improving  a  flock. 

The  Hampshiee. 

This  breed  of  sheep  was  introduced  into  Virginia  by 

hardy  lambs.    It  is  one  of  the  mediam-sized  breeds  I  George  Washington,  and  until  its  complete  destraotioa 


30 


CHE  80DTHBRN  PIiANTBB. 


[January 


HAMrsHiBB.— Cambuscan,  First  Prize  Hampshire  at  the  Royal 
Show,  owned  by  J.  <j.  Massey,  of  Colorado. 

in  tbe  war,  was  quite  commoa  and  conspicuous  by  its 
dark  face  and  large  size  on  the  best  of  the  Southern 
farms.  Since  the  prostration,  as  may  be  said,  of  South- 
ern agriculture  by  the  baibarities  of  war,  it  has  dis- 
appeared except  in  a  few  localities,  bat  even  there  and 
under  partial  care  it  is  now  what  it  should  be  by  its 
nature,  the  finest  of  those  dark  faced  breeds  commonly 
called  the  Down  breeds.  It  is  a  native  of  the  Hamp 
shire  downs,  or  rolling  meadows  of  the  South  of  Eng- 
land, and  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  of  the  English 
breeds.  It  is  a  large  sheep  and  has  a  heavy  fleece  of 
wool  longer  than  that  of  the  Shropshire.  An  arerage 
fleece  should  weigh  eight  pounds,  and  the  wool  is  com 
monly  over  six  inches  in  length.  But  it  is  most  valu- 
able for  its  mutton  ;  the  flesh  is  tender  and  well  mixed 
with  the  fat,  and  mora  live  weight  of  carcass  is  made 
in  proportion  to  the  food  by  this  breed  than  by  any 
other.  A  well  fed  yearling  wether  of  this  kind  will 
easily  make  a  dressed  weight  of  eighty  to  ninety 
pounds.  The  Hampshire  ram  is  the  most  valuable  of 
all  breeds  for  crossing  on  the  small  native  sheep,  al- 
though its  size  and  weight  might  seem  to  be  nnsuita 
ble  for  this  use.  The  size  of  the  ram,  however,  does 
not  interfere  with  the  progeny  in  any  injurious  way  ; 
for  it  is  the  ewe,  and  not  the  ram,  which  gives  the  size 
to  the  new-born  lamb.  The  ram  gives  to  the  lambs  the 
habit  and  ability  to  make  growth  after  birth,  and  it 
is  the  fact  that  the  most  growth  fiom  the  same  allow 
anceof  food  has  been  made  by  this  breed  in  every  test 
made ;  and  this  ability  to  make  rapid  and  profitable 
growth  is  not  equalled  by  any  other  breed,  even  under 
ordinary  conditions  of  the  farm.  This  characteristic 
is  the  mo9t  important  for  the  consideration  of  the 
farmer  who  is  rearing  sheep  for  profit.  For  the  same 
feed  this  breed  gives  more  wool  and  more  flesh  than 
any  other,  and  thus  the  farmer  who  desires  profit  may 
well  choose  this  for  the  means  to  be  used. 


The  Southdown. 
This  sheep  is  universally  considered  by  all  experts 
to  be  the  mosi  beautiful  animal  of  the  kind  in  the 
world.  At  the  exhibitions  of  live  stock  the  pens  occu- 
pied by  these  sheep  are  the  most  observed  and  fre- 
quented, and  the  beautifully  formed,  smoothly  wooled, 
and  generally  attractive  animals  in  the  pens  set  apart 
for  the  SjuthdowDS  attract  the  attention  and  the  ad- 
miration, even  of  the  children.  Its  beauty  of  form  ; 
smooth,  clean,  round  body,  short  legs,  clear  fine  head, 
and  broad  saddle,  combine  to  attract  those  who  never 
owned  a  sheep,  as  well  as  every  observer  who  has  or 
does.  Its  history  justifies  this  praise.  For,  daring 
nearly  two  thousand  years  this  sheep  has  existed  and 
furnished  industry  and  wealth  to  the  English  farmers 
in  that  part  of  that  fertile  and  beautiful  isle  commonly 
known  as  the  Downs.  This  breed  has  been  used  for 
improving  nearly  every  other.  The  Shropshire,  Hamp- 
shire, and  other  so  called  Down  breeds,  all  owe  their 
finest  points  to  the  infnsed  bload  of  the  Southdown, 
while  most  of  the  more  than  dozen  breeds,  bred  in 
England — the  home  of  all  our  American  sheep  except 
the  Merino — have  been  improved  by  the  mixed  blood 


Southdown.— Champion  Shearling  Rams  at  the  Rival  Show, 
1902,  owned  by  the  Kins;  of  England. 

of  thi^  beautiful  sheep.  One  becomes  in  love  with 
this  sheep  on  sight ;  and  if  sheep  were  kept  only  for 
their  beauty,  this  breed  would  be  the  only  one  in  ex- 
istence. But  it  is  not  only  beautiful,  but  is  good  as 
well.  That  this  should  be  so  consists  with  the  value  put 
on  it  as  an  improver  of  every  one  of  the  so  called  Down 
breed  ;  and  not  only  of  these,  but  several  other  breeds, 
have  been  refined  by  the  mixture  of  Southdown  blood 
in  them.  For  itself  alone  it  is  the  choice  of  every 
wealthy  sheep  farmer  in  the  South,  whose  lawn  is  or- 
namented as  well  as  made  useful  by  being  made  the 
pasture  of  a  flock  of  these  sheep.  It  is  chosen  to  orna- 
ment the  parks  of  the  great  cities  of  the  North,  and  it 
is  not  only  beautiful  but  it  is  as  good  as  it  is  beautiful. 
Its  carcass  famishes  the  very  best  mutton  in  the  most 


1903.] 


THE  80UTHEKN  PLAITTER. 


31 


desirable  and  economical  form,  Bach  as  the  saddle  of 
mntton,  the  leg,  and  the  shoulder  ;  while  every  other 
part  of  the  animal  is  econoaiical  for  use  on  the  table 
on  account  of  its  fine  bone  and  the  liberal  covering  of 
Bweet,  juicy  meat.  For  this  natural  excellence  it  has 
been  adopted  as  the  general  improver  of  other  breeds, 
and  even  now  a  cross  of  it  is  found  desirable  by  bre«'d 
ers  of  the  other  so  called  Down  breeds.  For  this 
refines  the  gradually  increasing  coarseness  of  the 
others,  and  so  adds  to  the  value  of  the  flock 
BO  improved.  There  is  no  other  sheep  which  in 
BO  many  pointi  deserves  general  admiration;  but  yet 
It  Is  not  by  any  means  the  most  popular.  This  test  of 
Talue  is  owned  by  the  Shropshire  most  of  all  the  coarse 
wool  breeds;  and  the  Southdown  has  several  other 
successful  competitors.  lis  lamb  by  a  Merino  ewe  is 
the  plumpest  and  fattest  of  its  age  of  all  other  kinds  ; 
but  yet  the  coarser,  heavier  breeds  are  more  popula 
as  sires  for  the  market  lambs.  For  ornament  on  the 
lawn  of  any  farmer  who  can  afford  to  sacrilice  a  dollar 
or  two  to  gain  satisfaction  in  this  way,  or  for  their 
beauty  in  a  well  kept  meadow,  there  is  no  other  breed 
equals  this  ;  and  as  well  as  its  beauty,  it  supplies  the 
best  of  all  mutton,  although  at  a  little  higher  cost. 
For  the  farmer  who  is  not  wholly  in  pursuit  of  piofit 
all  the  time,  and  is  desirous  of  sacrificing  a  few  possi 
ble  dollars  for  the  sake  of  pleasure,  this  beautiful 
sheep  cannot  be  excelled.  It  is  not  meant  that  it  is 
not  a  profitable  sheep,  but  that  it  may  not  be  as  prof 
itable  as  some  of  the  other  breeds  described  ;  and  yet 
It  may  be  so  under  special  circumstances,  for  one  will 
always  do  the  best  with  what  he  loves  the  best,  and  so 
this  sheep  may  really  be  the  most  profitable  because, 
on  account  of  its  beauty  of  form,  it  will  attract  not 
only  the  care  and  attention  of  its  owner,  but  his  love 
and  admiration  as  well.  When  used  as  the  sire  of  mar 
ket  lambs  by  a  Merino  ewe,  the  produce  will  easily 
bring  a  dollar  a  head  more  than  that  of  any  other  sire; 
but  in  general  the  size  and  weight  of  a  lamb  goes  with 
the  multitude  before  mere  quality,  this  qualification 
being  most  popular  with  the  fewest  purchasers.  And 
yet  for  love  of  this  beautiful  sheep  the  writer  would 
make  this  sacrifice,  and  commend  this  disposition  in 
his  readers.  Its  wool  furnishes  the  best  material  for 
the  finest  blankets  and  the  softest  clothing  material ; 
its  flesh  is  the  sweetest  mutton  ,  but  it  requires,  as  all 
other  excellent  things  do,  the  very  best  material  for 
the  making  of  it.  It  delights  in  a  short,  thick,  blue 
grass  pasture,  and  is  by  no  means  a  coarse  feeder.  A 
well  fed  two- year- old  will  make  eighteen  pounds  to  the 
quarter,  but  the  light  weight  is  compensated  for  some- 
what by  the  finer  lighter  bone.  Two  thirds  of  its  live 
weight  of  salable  meat  of  the  best  quality  is  the  ordi- 
nary product  of  a  sheep  of  this  breed.  It  will  not  do 
well  on  coarse  keeping,  and  thus  is  not  the  right  sheep 


for  a  careless  farmer.  But  in  the  right  place,  It  will 
well  repay  the  keeper  for  all  his  care.  As  an  improver 
of  every  other  breed,  and  as  a  refining  influence.  It 
has  a  special  value  for  the  most  intelligent  and  enter- 
prising shepherds. 

The  Mbeino. 
By  far  the  mo?t  numerous  breed  of  sheep  now  in 
existence  is  the  Merino.  It  is  the  most  numerous  In 
our  own  country,  while  in  some  other  countries  it  Is 
practically  the  only  breed  kept.  This  is  due  to  the 
value  of  the  wool,  which  is  the  staple  clothing  wool  of 
the  world.  But  of  late  sub  breeds  of  this  valuable 
sheep  have  been  produced,  which  have  generally  im- 
proved the  race,  and  have  made  some  kinds  of  these 
as  valuable  for  mutton  as  any  of  the  so  called  mutton 
sheep.  The  only  objection  made  to  the  meat  of  these 
sheep  is  the  "eheepy"  flavor  of  the  meat,  as  much  in 


RAMBoriLLET. — The  great  ram  in  the  German  Empire  in  1902 
now  owned  by  Beaver  Stock  Fam,  North  Dakota.  ^' 

the  same  way  we  call  the  flesh  of  the  goat  strong  in  a 
peculiar  flavor.  The  special  flavor  of  the  meat  is 
really  an  advantage,  as  when  once  used  to  eat  mutton 
this  peculiarity  of  the  flesh  becomes  decidedly  agree- 
able. But,  actually,  as  the  common  sheep  kept  is 
more  of  a  Merino  than  anything  else,  and  this  is  the 
staple  supply  of  the  markets  at  the  present,  and  has 
always  been  in  the  past,  the  Merino  of  any  of  the  va- 
rieties is  equally  as  excellent  for  mutton  as  any  other 
kind  of  sheep.  This  breed  of  sheep  is  most  remarka- 
ble for  the  large  quantity  of  yolk  and  oil  in  the  fleece, 
and  as  this  is  secreted  by  the  skin,  of  course  there  is 
at  all  times  more  or  less  of  it  in  the  pores  of  the  skin, 
but  it  is  by  no  means  necessary  that  the  flesh  should 
be  tainted  in  the  least  by  this  special  odor  of  the 
sheep  than  that  the  flesh  of  the  hog  should  be  so  af- 
fected by  the  special  odor  of  that  animal.  Indeed,  the 
woolly  flavor  of  the  home  dressed  mutton  is  simply 
due  to  mistake  in  dressing  the  carcass.  It  does  not 
come  from  the  skin,  but  from  th«  interior  cf  the  ani- 


32 


THE  80UTHEEN  PLANTEB. 


[January 


mal,  and  if  the  carcass  of  a  sheep  is  empi^^^d  of  its 
contents  quickly,  and  the  removal  of  the  skin  is  left 
until  the  interior  of  the  animal  is  freed  from  its  con 
tont«,  from  which  this  special  odor  ia  derived,  the 
muttOB  is  then  free  from  any  odor  whatever,  and  is  as 
sweet  as  the  meat  of  a  young,  lamb. 

Thus  the  various  sub  breeds,  as  they  may  be  called, 
of  the  Merino  may  be  as  valuable  for  mucton,  in  spite 
of  the  oillness  and  the  yolk  of  the  fleece,  as  any  other 
kind  of  sheep;  and  even  with  the  little  care  taken  in 
dressing  a  sheep,  and  by  skilful  cooking,  the  mutton 
of  a  Merino  of  any  kind  may  be  really  as  good  and 
well  flavored  as  that  of  a  Southdown. 

The  best  of  the  Merinos  Is  the  French  or  Eambouil 
let ;  an  exceedingly  valuable  sheep  and  a  very  great 
improvement  on  the  small  old-fashioned  Merinos,  as 
much  so  as  the  big  Shorthorn  cattle  are  on  the  com 
mon  scrubs.  This  class  of  sheep,  however,  is  kept 
mostly  for  fleece,  which  consists  of  the  finest  kind  of 
wool  used  for  the  most  costly  kinds  of  clothing  ;  and 
the  enormous  quantity  of  wool  of  this  most  valuable 
kind  borne  by  this  sheep  gives  it  a  special  value  for 
the  farmer's  flock.  It  is  exceedingly  hardy,  and 
makes  quite  as  much  of  the  best  meat  as  the  favorite 
Southdown ;  the  only  difference  being  one  cent  a  pound 
in  the  value  of  the  legs  alone,  all  other  parts  bringing 
in  the  market  as  high  prices  as  the  best  of  all  other 
breeds.  It  is  the  form  of  the  animal  by  which  its 
value  to  the  butcher  is  ma  le ;  and  while  the  Merino 
is  a  little  deficient  in  its  finished  weight  altogether, 
yet,  in  regard  to  the  Southdown,  the  Merino  exceeds 
it  in  the  value  of  the  ribs  and  loins,  parts  which  we 
all  know  go  to  make  up  the  most  value  of  a  meat 
carcass. 

For  crossing  on  the  common  native  sheep,  there  is 
no  question  of  the  excess  in  value  of  the  Rambouillet 
Merino,  commonly  called  the  French  Merino,  and 
this  variety  is  to  be  commended  and  recommended 
for  the  use  of  the  farm,  both  for  its  most  valuable 
fleece  as  to  quantity  and  the  market  price  of  it,  and 
next  only  to  the  best  of  all  other  breeds  for  its  mutton. 

We  wish  to  say  a  few  words  in  regard  to  the  value 
of  the  fl  Jck  as  improvers  of  the  soil.  The  sheep's  foot 
is  golden,  is  a  very  ancient  proverb,  and  its  history 
from  the  most  ancient  time  to  the  present  proves  the 
truth  of  the  adage.  The  sheep  lives  well  on  the  sur 
plus  of  the  farm,  which  for  want  of  it  will  go  to  waste. 
It  returns  in  the  manure  more  value  from  its  food  than 
any  other  animal.     It  gives  to  its  feeder  three  profits 

ite  fleece,  its  growth,  and  its  lamb.    It  is  the  gleaner 

of  the  wastes  otherwise  lost.  It  makes  more  profit, 
too,  in  its  early  maturity  for  market,  and  its  lambs, 
costing  actually  only  a  few  cents,  when  two  or  three 
months  old,  bring  over  twice  as  much  as  any  two  year 
old  sheep  will.    Quick  returns  make  big  profits,  and 


there  is  no  quicker  profit  in  anything  made  than  In  a 
three-months  old  lamb,  which  sells  for  twice  as  much  as 
its  dam  will.  Everywhere,  the  best  farming  is  accom* 
panled  by,  and  really  is  a  result  of,  a  well  kept  flock. 
MacoH  Co.,  N.  G.  Heney  Stewabt. 


DEVON  CATTLE. 


Editor  Southern  Planter  : 

These  cattle,  with  reference  to  whom  Youatt  said 
"The  very  best  are  the  best  in  the  world,"  have  many 
staunch  admirers,  and  without  a  mention  of  them  evea 
a  holiday  number  of  the  Planter  would  be  shorn  of  an 
attraction  in  the  eyes  of  lovers  of  the  somewhat  small 
but  perfect  type  of  North  Devon.  The  old  type  of 
North  Devon  has  been  studied  and  most  carefully  coa- 
ferved  in  its  original  habitat,  and  most  of  the  stock  in 
the  United  States  traces  not  only  to  the  best  recorded 
ancestry,  but  to  th«  beat  reputed  herds  in  existence 
long  prior  to  registration,  and  its  impression  is  neces- 
sary for  character  and  quality  in  Devon  herds  grazed 
on  richer  land  and  more  liberally  fed,  which  naturally 
develope  larger  and  heavier  frames  in  course  of  time. 
The  writer  has  been  a  Devon  breeder  for  over  twenty 
J  ears,  and  finds  these  hardy  red  eattle  well  adapted  to 
his  surroundings,  which  are  not  good  enough  for  Shorl- 
horns  and  Herefords.  The  Devon  thrives  well  on  short 
grass,  quickly  responds  to  any  extra  feed,  and  whea 
fat  weighs  uncommonly  well.  His  ability  to  stamp 
his  good  qualities  of  shape,  thriftlness,  color  and  do- 
cility on  any  breed  of  any  color  he  may  be  mated  with 
makes  him  a  most  valuable  animal  to  the  stock  grower 
on  moderately  fertile  land.  As  a  dairy  animal,  th« 
Devon  can  hold  its  own,  and  for  the  production  of  oxen 
for  the  yoke  stands  pre-emiaent  for  strength,  quick- 
ness and  powers  of  endurance.  In  my  experience  the 
only  weak  point  in  the  Devon  is  that  he  does  not  ma- 
ture until  three  or  four  years  old  ;  indeed,  I  have 
known  oxen  fed  at  seven  years  old  make  considera- 
ble growth  up  to  that  time.  In  these  days  of  ' '  baby 
beef"  and  early  maturity  this  is  quite  a  drawback.  If 
the  Devon  was  as  precocious  as  the  Angus  or  Gallo- 
way he  would  easily  be  monarch  of  all  he  surveys, 
and  no  other  beef  animal  would  be  grazed  or  fed. 

The  Eastern  States  have  from  early  days  carried  th« 
biggest  proportion  of  Devon  cattle,  but  now  there  are 
many  fine  herds  to  be  found  in  th«  South  and  South- 
west. 

I  can  hardly  close  without  referring  to  Dr.  Morris, 
of  Chester  county,  Pa.,  who  has  done  the  State,  and 
the  Devon  interest  particularly,  some  service  by  im- 
porting those  rare  good  bulls  "Taurus"  and  "Duke 
of  Molland,"  who,  I  believe,  trace  back  through  the 
"Famous"  family  to  "Long-horned  Curly,"  the  moat 
valuable  of  all  Devon  foundation  pedigrees. 

Orange  Co.,  Va.  E.  J.  P. 


1903.  ] 


THB  80TJTHBEN  PLAJTTBB. 


33 


Beekshirb. — Imported  Highclkrb  Topper  51934. 
THE  BROOD  SOW. 
Sditor  Southern  Planter : 

Since  a  good  brood  sow  is  a  sine  qua  non  for  success 
ful  hog  raising,  I  do  not  know  of  any  section  of  this 
Industry  that  should  be  of  more  general  interest.  I 
will  commencs  with  a  few  chief  requirements  which 
go  to  make  a  sow  profitable  to  the  raiser  of  fat  pigs  for 
the  market.  First  of  all,  these  are,  roughly,  size  or 
development,  combined  with  good  formation  and  a 
certain  matronly  appearance  that  is  hard  to  describe, 
a  rangy  roomy  sow  without  being  loose  or  leggy  and 
that  promises  to  make  a  good  milker.  Not  coarse  in 
the  shoulder,  but  with  all  the  depth  of  sides  possible, 
and  good  deep  and  wide  hams,  and  strong,  straight, 
and  even  slightly  arched  back  as  indicating  good  con 
dition  and  vigor ;  ample  heart  and  lung  room,  and 
at  least  twelve  teats  of  even  size,  should  all  be  looked 
for.  I  say  of  even  size,  for  occasionally  a  sow  will 
have  some  of  the  teats  blind,  and  this  is,  of  course,  a 
■erions  defect,  and  one  which  is  certainly  hereditary. 
The  number  of  pigs  which  a  sow  will  have  in  a  litter 
is  also  largely  hereditary,  some  females  being  much 
more  prolific  than  others.  For  this  reason,  sow  pigs 
which  are  to  be  kept  for  breeding  from  should  be  ee- 
lected  out  of  large  and  even  litters. 

As  a  general  thing,  insufiBcient  attention  is  given  to 
the  fact  that  sows  will  vary  largely  in  the  amount  of 
milk  they  produce,  almost  as  much  as  cows,  and  there 
is,  therefore,  a  correspondingly  quicker  or  slower 
growth  of  the  pigs.  I  will  not  go  so  far  as  to  say  one 
OBght  to  look  for  dairy  type  in  a  brood  sow,  but  it 
comes  very  near  to  this.  There  is  a  certain  type  of 
short  coupled  and  necked  and  heavy  shouldered  nat 
■rally  rounded  all  over  sow  that  in  nine  cases  out  of 
ten  will  not  make  a  first-class  milker,  and  it  is  unfor- 
tunately a  fact  that  the  show  sow,  which  cannot  be 
beaten  in  the  ring,  is  not  always  the  producer  of  the 
most  thrifty  litter  unless  she  is  prepared  and  fed  with 
great  care  for  a  long  time  beforehand,  and  even  then 
It  is  very  uncertain. 

Disposition  is  another  hereditary  trait.  An  excita- 
ble, ill-tempered  beast  is  not  worth  fooling  with,  as 
the  odds  are  in  favor  of  her  get  being  the  same|way, 


and  she  will  certainly  give  undue  trouble  to  the  at- 
tendants during  and  just  after  farrowing.  As  this  ar- 
ticle is  more  in  the  interest  of  the  production  of  pork 
on  a  small  scale  than  breeding  thoroughbred  animals 
I  will  say  nothing  abiut  such  points  as  good  feet,  for- 
mation of  head  and  ears,  setting  on  of  tail,  etc.,  all 
of  which  are  not  necessary  in  this  case  and  less  im- 
portant than  the  above.  However,  there  are  none  of 
these  excppt  color,  placing  and  shape  of  ears  and  set- 
ting on  of  tail  but  what  are  founded  upon  practical 
requirements,  and  every  owner  of  a  few  pigs  can  cer- 
tainly lose  nothing  by  studying  over  the  score  cards 
of  the  different  breeds  and  trying  to  figure  out  the 
reason  for  the  division  of  points. 

As  to  the  sow's  breed,  she  is,  I  hope,  a  grade  and 
not  a  scrub.  One  cross,  at  least,  or  two  crosses,  by  a 
thoroughbred  boar  of  some  of  improved  breeds  upon 
a  razor-back  hog,  will  work  wonders  both  in  early  ma- 
turity, increased  value  of  sides  and  hams,  and  quick 
fattening  at  very  little  cost.  I  am,  myself,  naturally 
in  favor  of  the  Berkshire  grade.  They  are  certainly 
good  grazers,  average  well  for  the  number  in  litter, 
and  the  blood  is  so  very  prepotent  owing  to  the  length 
of  time  during  which  Berkshires  have  been  bred  pure 
that  one  cross  will  do  a  great  deal,  T  think  more  than 
any  other  breed  when  used  on  the  scrub  or  razor-back. 
The  Tamworth  just  now  has  been  creating  some  at- 
traction, but  the  breed  is  only  about  one- third  the  age 
of  the  Berkshires ;  moreover,  the  sweepstakes  at  the 
Birmingham  Fat  Stock  Show  (a  strong  place  for  the 
consideration  of  fancy  bacon  and  ham  points),  was 
this  year  won  by  the  Berkshire,  and  the  sweepstakes 
for  the  car  load  of  fat  hogs  at  the  Great  International 
at  Chicago  this  year  was  also  won  by  the  Berkshire. 
So,  apparently,  both  sides  of  the  "pond"  have  come 
to  the  same  conclusion. 

The  tendency  and  the  greatest  profit  foi  the  last  few 
years  has  been  for  marketing  young  pigs,  especially 
since  so  many  have  realized  that  it  costs  far  less  grain 
and  time  to  make  a  pound  of  pork  in  a  young  pig  that 
is  under  one  year  old  than  it  does  afterwards.  In 
other  words,  the  first  two  hundred  pounds  is  the 
cheapest.  After  that,  every  pound  that  is  added  in- 
creases in  cost.  Moreover,  these  young  pigs  of  me- 
dium weight  bring  the  highest  prices  in  the  market. 
The  farmer,  therefore,  must  breed  his  sows  to  satisfy 
the  economy  of  his  farm.  If  they  are  bred  to  come  in 
the  first  of  the  year,  and  I  think  in  the  Southern  cli- 
mate this  is  the  best  time,  they  are  then  fat  and  ready 
to  kill  in  November  or  December,  and  by  this  means 
the  greater  part  of  the  fattening  process  can  come  on 
during  warm  weather  at  a  time  of  the  year  when  the 
greatest  number  of  pounds  can  be  secured  from  a 
bushel  of  corn,  and  when  this  yield  can  be  still  more 
increased  by  feeding  it  in  connection  with  suitable 


34 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEB. 


[January 


pastures.  If  sows  are  to  farrow  any  time  before  Apiil, 
farrowing  pens  must  be  provided.  Ttiese,  however, 
can  be  of  very  ciieap  construction  so  long  as  they  can 
be  kept  clean  and  dry,  and,  above  all,  are  open  to  the 
south.  I  would  rither  have  a  litter  of  pigs  under  a 
pine  brush  roof,  so  long  as  it  is  water  tight  and  open 
to  the  south,  than  have  to  winter  them  in  the  bast 
possible  building  that  was  located  as  I  have  seen 
many.  There  is  hardly  an  animal  more  subject  to 
rheumatism  and  other  ilh  if  they  are  raised  in  cold, 
damp  buildings  than  is  a  pig  during  its  early  days. 

The  feeding  of  the  sow  before  and  after  farrowing 
would  take  more  to  go  into  than  my  entire  space 
would  allow.  The  main  point  is  to  let  them  come  in 
in  good  condition,  but  not  fat,  and  not  feed  on  heating 
foods  and  not  to  start  the  milk  with  warm  slops  until 
all  the  inflammation,  or  danger  of  inflammation,  is 
over,  as  a  good  milking  sow,  like  a  cow,  is  much  more 
apt  to  suffer  from  caked  teats  than  the  poor  sow. 

There  are  quite  a  variety  of  feeds  that  can  be  drawn 
upon  for  sucnlent  feed  in  winter.  The  Irish  potato  (I 
have  had  no  experience  with  sweet  but  they  are  verj 
favorably  reported  upon)  is  the  favorite.  Potato  rais 
ers  can  use  their  small  and  cull  potatoes  very  profit  i- 
bly  and  easily.  Probably  the  quickest  way  to  prepare 
them  is  to  steam  them  by  cooking  in  a  large  iron  boiler 
that  can  be  tightly  covered,  with  two  or  three  gallons 
of  water  only  in  the  bottom.  A  small  fire  will  soon 
boil  the  water  and  after  a  time  the  steam  will  bring 
the  whole  mass  to  such  a  heat  that  it  only  requires  to 
be  left  covered  up  to  complete  the  process.  The  ex 
cess  of  water,  however,  should  be  poured  off  before 
mashing  the  potatoes,  as  it  is  supposed  to  extract  the 
poisonous  substance  from  the  potato  skins,  but  I  have 
never  cared  to  make  the  experiment  as  to  whether  it 
is  so  or  not.  Mangels,  another  root  that  is  both  cheap 
and  serviceable  for  furnishing  a  suckling  feed  during 
the  winter  (although  English  breeders  object  to  feed 
ing  them  to  sows  soon  due  to  farrow,  but  we  hare  fed 
them  off  and  on  here  and  never  noticed  the  slightest 
injurious  effect).  Pumpkins  are  another  most  valua- 
ble suckling  feed,  but  are  not  raised  in  the  South  as 
much  as  they  should  be.  Among  the  grains,  the  stand 
»rd  is  a  mixture  of  bran  and  shorts,  but  it  is  frequently 
economical  to  use  instead  of  the  bran  Brewers'  Grains 
when  the  market  price  makes  this  the  cheapest  feed. 
However  much  corn  on  hand  this  should  be  reserved 
for  the  fattening  process  and  the  mixture  of  bran  and 
shorts  fed  as  a  slop  to  the  biood  sow  and  her  young 
litter.  If  the  lucky  breeder  can  add  skim  milk  he 
will  then  push  them  along  with  the  greatett  possible 
r»pldity.  In  lieu  of  this  there  are  very  favorable  re 
ports  upon  the  use  of  dried  blood. 

At  the  present  market  price  of  pork  it  certainly 
pays  to  go  to  the  trouble  and  expense  of  giving  a  little 


extra  attention  and  feed  to  the  sow  and  her  young  lit- 
ter. The  proposition,  of  course,  is  a  very  different 
one,  if  she  farrows  later  on  and  can  be  turned  out 
on  clover  and  alfalfa  fields  or  an  old  meadow,  There 
are  some  most  valuable  experiments  as  to  the  value 
of  growing  good  red  clover  or  alfalfa  when  marketed 
in  the  way  of  pork.  There  is  certainly  no  cheaper 
way  of  growing  a  pig,  and  with  the  present  market* 
there  is  no  reason  why  every  farmer,  however  small, 
should  not  have  a  certain  area  in  one  of  these  cropa 
which  he  can  market  through  his  pigs. 

For  a  late  fall  and  winter  run  for  hogs  many  feeder* 
have  found  it  pays  well  to  put  in  special  crops,  allow- 
ing the  hogs  to  gather  them,  and  feeding  at  the  same 
time  their  corn  or  other  fattening  ration  in  connection. 
Sweet  potatoes,  chufas  and  artichokes  lead  the  list  in 
popularity.  A  woodland  run  is  of  great  benefit  dur- 
ing the  late  winter  months,  as  a  hog  doubtless  enjoys 
rooting  and  certainly  picks  up  a  little  varied  diet 
which  does  much  towards  keeping  the  digestive  organi 
in  tone.  I  think  that  one  of  the  commonest  faults  in 
fattening  hogs  for  the  market  is  insuflacient  varying  of 
the  feed,  often  confining  it  to  the  staple  article  corn. 

Finally,  it  is  a  mistake  to  breed  from  Immature  ani- 
mals. *A  sow  is  hardly  in  condition  to  take  care  of  a 
licter  before  she  is  a  year  old,  and  a  boar  should  not 
be  used  for  service  under  nine  months.  While  a  sow 
can  be  made  to  bring  three  litters  a  year,  it  is  difficult 
aad  certainly  not  profitable.  Two  litters  in  one  year 
is  all  that  should  be  asked  from  her  if  pigs  that  will 
grow  off  quickly  and  with  plenty  of  vigor  are  desired. 
The  diseases  met  with  are  not  many  and  are  caused 
chiefly  by  bad  feeding,  dusty  and  dirty  quarters,  and 
are  chiefly  met  with  in  the  shape  of  colds,  bowel  com- 
plaints and  the  parasitic  worms  with  which  many  lots 
are  infected  and  which  attack  the  young  Utters  very 
early,  lodging  In  the  bronchial  tubes  and  lungs. 

Hog  cholera,  the  most  dreaded  of  all  diseases  and 
certainly  the  most  contagious,  has,  In  the  end,  been  a 
good  thing  for  the  breeders  of  thoroughbred  hogs  ;  as, 
whilst  many  herds  are  almost  wiped  out  of  existence 
the  market  Is  Increased  for  the  others  ;  but  this  Is  even 
worse  as  there  Is  no  Indirect  profit  In  the  case  of  the 
man  raising  pigs  for  pork.  Careful  quarantining  of 
all  animals  that  have  come  In  from  outside  on  some 
outstanding  farm,  or  as  far  away  from  where  the  per 
manent  pigs  are  kept,  Is  the  only  way  to  keep  this  out 
of  the  herd,  and  even  with  every  care  It  will  some- 
times break  out.  I  am  glad  to  say  that  I  have  had 
most  favorable  reports  of  an  antl- toxin  treatment 
which  is  certainly  the  most  rational  and  the  first  pre- 
ventive that  recommends  Itself  as  based  upon  sound 
principles. 

Buncombe  Co.,  N.  0.  G.  F.  W. 


I9t>3.j 


THE  SOtJTHBEN  PLAIJTBB. 


35 


The   Poultry  Yard. 


FEEDINQ  EXPERIMENTS. 

At  the  West  Virginia  Experiment  Station,  a  series 
•of  experiments  has  been  conducted  with  different  foods 
«8  sources  of  protein  so  essential  for  laying  hens, 
and  also  with  ground  grain  as  compared  with  whole 
grain  and  mash  fed  in  the  morning  and  at  night  for 
laying  hens. 

In  the  first  series  of  experiments,  high-grade  beef 
scraps  were  obtained  from  one  of  the  packing  houses 
in  Chicago.  Milk  albumen  was  supplied  by  a  com 
pany  which  manufactures  milk  sugar.  Fresh  meat  and 
bone  was  obtained  from  a  local  butcher  and  ground  as 
required. 

Three  pens  of  fowls  were  employed  in  the  test,  each 
pen  containing  ten  White  Leghorn  pullets,  ten  two 
year  old  hens,  and  two  roosters.  They  were  fed  the 
same  grain  ration,  and  in  addition  during  the  first 
period  pen  1  received  beef  scraps,  pen  2  milk  albu 
men,  and  pen  3  ground  fresh  meat  and  bone,  while 
during  the  second  period  pen  1  received  fresh  bone, 
pen  2  beef  scraps,  and  pen  3  milk  albumen.  During 
the  experiment  an  attempt  was  made  to  feed  as  nearly 
as  possible  the  same  amount  of  protein  to  each  pen. 

At  no  time  during  the  test  were  the  fowls  fed  heav 
lly  for  egg  produccion,  as  many  of  the  eggs  were  used 
for  hatching.  This  was  especially  true  during  the  sec 
ond  period,  when,  in  order  to  secure  fertile  eggs,  very 
little  mash  was  fed. 

The  fowls  were  confined  in  the  houses.  One  of  the 
runs  belonging  to  each  house  had  been  sown  to  rye  in 
the  fall  of  1901,  and  the  other  runs  were  sown  to  oats 
in  the  spring,  thus  providing  an  abundance  of  shade 
and  green  food.  Water,  mica  crys'al  grit  and  granu 
lated  bone  were  supplied  ad  libitum,  and  the  whole 
grain  which  was  fed  was  scattered  in  the  litter  in  the 
scratihing  room.  The  experiment  began  November 
1,  1901,  and  was  divided  into  two  periods  of  120  days 
each. 

In  this  experiment,  more  eggs  were  laid  by  the  fowls 
when  fed  beef  scraps  than  when  they  received  either 
ground  fresh  meat  and  bone  or  milk  albumen.  The 
health  of  the  fowls  remained  uniformly  good  through 
out  the  test,  and  the  low  egg  yield  was  due  partly  to 
the  fact  that  the  houses  in  which  the  fowls  were  kept 
were  not  constructed  warm  enough  for  economical  egg 
production  during  the  winter,  and  partially  to  the 
fact  that  the  fowls  were  not  fed  heavily  at  any  time 
for  egg  production,  as  many  of  the  eggs  were  Incu 
bated,  and  strong,  vigorous  chicks  were  desired. 

In  experiments  made  at  other  Stations,  having  the 
same  objects  in  view,  the  general  results  obtilned 
point  to  the  conclusion  that  the  dried  and  ground  ma 
terial,  when  pure  and  untainted,  is  equally  as  valu 
able  as  the  ground  fresh  meat  and  bone.  The  beef 
scraps,  further,  possess  the  advantage  that  a  supply 
sufficient  for  several  months  can  be  obtained  at  one 
time,  while  with  fresh  meat  and  bone  there  is  always 
considerable  trouble  and  expense  connected  with  ob 
taining  the  supply  regularly  and  grinding  it. 

In  the  second  of  the  experiments  conducted  at  the 
West  Virginia  Station,  comparing  ground  grain  with    ,,^.         ,,  ,       ..    <,  .^    ..     ^ 

whole  grain  and  mash  when  fed  in  the  morning  and  ditions,  the  real  cost  of  the  food  would  only  be  a  frae- 
at  night,  the  object  was  to  arrive,  if  possible,  at  some  t^<*°  ^^  *****  ^***®^  ^°°^^- 


definite  conclusion  on  a  point  upon  which  there  is 
much  diversity  of  opinion. 

On  most  poultry  farms,  it  is  the  custom  to  feed  to 
laying  hens  in  the  morning  a  mash  in  which  corn 
meal,  ground  oats,  wheat  bran,  steamed  clover,  beef 
scraps,  or  other  feeding  stuff  are  incorporated  in  va- 
rious proportions.  Toward  evening,  whole  grain  is 
usually  scattered  in  the  litter,  and  the  fowls  are  thus 
obliged  to  scratch  vigorously  for  their  evening  meal. 
On  the  other  hand,  some  poultrymen  strongly  advo- 
cate the  practice  of  feeding  the  whole  grain  in  the 
morning  and  the  mash  at  night,  claiming  that  by  so 
doing  the  hens  are  kept  busy  during  the  entire  day 
and  that  they  consequently  take  more  exercise,  result- 
ing in  an  increase  in  the  egg  production. 

The  experiment  was  begun  April  23,  1901,  and  was 
divided  into  two  periods  of  sixty  days  each.  Five 
pens  of  fowls  were  employed.  Each  of  pens  1,  2  and 
3  consisted  of  twenty  White  Leghorn  hens  and  two 
cocke,  nearly  one  yeir  old  at  the  beginning  of  the  ex- 
periment. Pens  4  and  5  contained  the  same  number 
of  White  Leghorn  hens  and  cocks  about  four  years  old. 

The  grain  ration  consisted  of  corn  and  oats,  ground 
and  unground.  Beef  scraps  were  fed  dry  to  those 
fowls  which  received  the  whole  grain  ration,  and  in 
the  other  cases  it  was  mixed  with  the  mash,  which 
was  made  by  moistening  the  ground  feed  and  scraps 
with  water  at  the  ordinary  temperature.  At  the  be- 
ginning of  each  period  the  food  for  each  pen  was 
weighed  out  in  bulk  and  stored  in  boxes  in  the  scratch- 
ing sheds.  The  fowls  were  fed  liberally,  and  each  lot 
was  fed  as  nearly  the  same  amount  of  food  at  each 
meal  as  could  be  done  by  measure.  At  the  end  of 
each  period  the  food  remaining  in  the  boxes  was 
weighed,  and  thus  the  total  amount  of  food  consumed 
was  determined. 

The  fowls  were  supplied  at  all  times  with  granulated 
bone,  mica  crystal  grit  and  water,  and  each  flock  was 
allowed  the  use  of  two  runs,  one  of  which  had  been 
seeded  to  rje,  furnishing  shade,  and  the  other  sown 
to  oats,  thus  providing  a  liberal  supply  of  green  feed. 
Conclusions. 

1.  In  this  experiment  the  egg  productien  was  prac- 
tically the  same  when  the  mash  was  fed  in  the  morn- 
ing as  when  fed  at  night. 

2.  With  both  young  and  old  fowls  better  results 
were  obtained  when  about  one  third  of  the  grain  ra- 
tion was  fed  ground  and  moistened  than  when  all  of 
the  grain  was  fed  whole  and  scattered  in  the  litter. 

3.  During  the  test  the  average  food  cost  of  the  eggs 
laid  by  the  young  fowls  was  5  8  cents  per  dozen,  while 
with  the  other  hens  the  cost  was  6.4  cents.  In  this 
connection  it  should  be  remembered,  however,  that 
these  fowls  had  a  very  restricted  range,  and  that  all  of 
the  food  that  they  received  was  charged  to  them  at 
full  market  rates.  On  the  other  hand,  on  the  ordi- 
nary farm,  where  the  fowls  have  unrestricted  range, 
much  of  their  food  consists  of  bugs  and  worms  and 
grain  which  is  scattered  here  and  there  and  which 
otherwise  would  go  to  waste.   Under  these  better  con- 


36 


THB  BOUTHBRN  FI.ANTEK 


[January 


The  Horse. 


HACKNEYS  STILL  IN  DEMAND. 

A  well-known  Virginia  breeder  of  Hackneys  writes 
ns  that  he  recently  sold  a  three  year- old  colt  for 
$10,000.  Hackneys  and  Hackney  crosses  on  Virginia- 
bred  mares  having  a  good  dash  of  thoroughbred  blood 
are  always  wanted  at  paying  prices.  They  should  be 
bred  out  of  good  sized  mares  to  give  them  size  and 
weight  enough  to  handle  the  heavier  carriages  now  in 
use.— Ed. 


NOTES. 

At  the  Acca  Farm  track,  W.  L.  Bass  is  wintering 
■ome  fifteen  head  of  trotters  and  pacers,  all  of  whom 
are  doing  quite  nicely.  Those  with  records  are  Joy- 
ful Maiden,  2:19i,  pacing  bay  mare,  by  King  Nutwood, 
dam  by  Petoskey;  Pern,  2:21i,  pacing  bay  mare,  by 
Petoskey,  dam  Mannie,  by  Ajax,  Eed  Light,  2:21  J, 
chestnut  mare,  by  Eed  Wilkes,  Jr.,  dam  Moonlight, 
by  Twilight ;  Eliza  Ingram,  2:21i,  chestnut  mare,  by 
John  E.  Gentry,  2:00J,  dam  Blondette,  dam  of  Gov 
ernor  Holt,  2:15,  by  Leland ;  and  Marie,  2:30J,  bay 
mare,  by  Jolly  Friar,  dam  Parker  Holland,  by  Sam 
Purdy,  while  those  that  have  no  marks  are  Medin- 
•wood,  full  sister  to  Firewood,  2:17J,  by  King  Nut 
wood,  dam  Medina,  by  Middletown;  Maxie  K.,  bay 
horse,  by  McZeus,  dam  Miss  Bird,  by  Young  Jim,  a 
bay  filly,  by  McZeus,  dam  Louise,  sister  to  Branch- 
wood,  2:22i,  by  Woodburn  Hambletonian,  and  a  cou 
pie  of  good  looking  bays,  one  a  gelding,  6,  and  the 
other  a  mare,  6,  both  of  whom  were  sired  by  Omar 
Pasha,  full  brother  to  Mosul,  2:09}^,  and  are  owned  by 
Congressman  Eixey,  of  Culpeper.  The  foregoing  list, 
however,  does  not  include  a  nice  looking  bay  colt, 
foaled  1891  and  sired  by  a  son  of  Eed  Wilkes,  recent 
ly  purchased  by  Bass  from  James  A.  Graham,  who 
owned  the  dam,  the  great  brood  mare  Eemembrance, 
the  daughter  of  George  Wilkes  that  produced  El  Ba- 
necia,  2;17i ;  Virginia  Jim,  2:121,  etc.  This  colt  is 
good  gaited,  and  acts  as  if  he  would  go  fast  and  in 
crease  the  list  of  performers  and  producers  to  the 
credit  of  his  dam. 


Mr.  S.  F.  Chapman,  of  Gordonsville,  will  stand  for 
public  service,  during  the  season  of  1903,  the  large, 
handsome  bay  stallion  Wealth,  2:37i,  by  Gambetta 
Wilkee,  dam  Magnolia,  by  Norfolk,  the  sire  of  Mies 
Nelson,  2:1H.  Breeders  and  owners  of  desirable 
mares  In  that  vicinity  who  wish  to  mate  them  with  a 
richly  bred  and  fast  trotting  bred  stallion  can  make 
no  mistake  in  patronizing  Wealth.  Gambetta  Wilkes 
is  one  of  the  finest  looking  and  most  successful  sons  of 
the  immortal  George  Wilkes.  As  a  eire  of  new  stan- 
dard performers,  he  leads  all  others,  having  seventeen 
of  his  get  enter  the  list,  among  them  being  Wealth; 
whose  record  of  2:17}  does  not  indicate  his  speed  limit 
by  long  odds,  as  he  was  timed  separately  in  a  race  in 
2:08.  Wealth  will  stand  for  service  during  1903,  at 
the  very  moderate  sum  of  $20  the  season  with  return 
privilege,  or  $26  to  insure. 


At  the  recent  Fasig  Tipton  Company's  big  New 
York  sale  of  trotters  and  pacers,  J.  L.  Justis,  Parkes- 
ley,  Va.,  secured  a  well  bied  three  year  old  in  the 
bay  filly  Miss  Peno,  2:29,  by  William  Penn,  2:07J, 
dam  Sister  Willing,  by  Willing,  son  of  Wilton.  She 
fell  to  his  bid  of  $230.  D.  S.  Jones,  of  Newport  News, 
was  also  on  hand,  and  paid  $300  for  the  bay  yearling 
filly,  by  Oakland  Baron,  2:09i,  dam  Minnie  P.,  2:10J, 
by  Earnest,  son  of  Volunteer.  Oakland  Baron  got 
the  famous  blind  trotter  Ehythmic,  2:08,  and  this  filly 
is  entered  in  the  Hartford  Faturity,  $10,000.  At  the 
same  sale  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Virginia  breeders,  the 
Floyd  Brothers,  of  Bridgetown,  secured  a  likely  pros- 
pect for  speed  and  race  horse  quality  in  the  Texas- 
bred  colt,  Eed  Oliver,  foaled  1901,  by  Electrite,  2:28J, 
out  of  the  great  brood  mare,  Lady  May,  dam  of  six  in 
the  list,  by  Port  Leonard.  Eed  Oliver  is  a  full  brother 
to  the  faet  trotter  Blondie,  2:13},  and  is  well  engaged 
in  stakes,  among  them  the  Hartford  and  Kentucky 
Futurities.  This  colt  was  purchased  to  place  in  the 
Stud,  and  his  speed  will  be  developed  by  the  Messrs. 
Floyd,  who  look  for  him  to  make  a  sire  of  note. 


In  the  bay  stallion  Great  Stakes,  2:20,  by  Billy 
Thornhill,  dam  Sweepstakes,  by  Sweepstakes,  W.  H. 
Nelson,  1416  E.  Franklin  street,  Eichmond,  Va.,  offers 
for  service  a  trotting  sire  of  tested  capacity  as  a  sire  . 
of  speed.  He  was  a  trotter  himself  and  good  race- 
horse along  with  it,  while  in  the  Stud  he  has  gotten 
good  performers  like  Captain,  2:16i,  pacing  ;  Foxhall, 
2:19i  ;  W.  H.  N.,  2:23},  and  others  able  to  get  out  and 
win  money.  For  several  years  Great  Stakes  headed 
the  Foxhall  Stud,  Norfolk,  Va.,  where  a  number  of 
his  get  are  still  owned  and  thought  highly  of.  Great 
Stakes  will  stand  for  mares  during  1903  at  a  service  fee 
of  $25  the  eeason. 


In  the  Christmas  issue  of  "The  Horseman,"  which 
is  attractive  in  design  and  full  of  interesting  read- 
ing matter,  is  a  cut  of  the  twin  stables  of  E.  B. 
Smathers  and  the  former  Eichmonder,  A.  B.  Gwath- 
mey.  The  buildings  and  land  co  t  these  gentlemen 
over  $100,000,  while  the  trotters  and  pacers  kept  for 
road  driving  represent  a  tidy  sum  as  well.  Among 
the  horses  owned  by  Mr.  Smathers  is  the  famous  Lord 
Derby,  2:05}.  Mr.  Gwathmey  has  among  others  Tiv- 
erton, 2:12i  ;  Tudor  Chimes,  2:13,  and  Senator  Mills, 
2:29},  a  son  of  Electrite,  bred  in  Texas.  The  Senator 
has  trotted  quarters  in  30  seconds — a  two  minute  gait 
— and  will  be  driven  on  the  Harlem  Eiver  Speedway. 

The  services  of  the  Hackney  stallion  Heidrick,  by 
Imp.  Danegelt,  dam  Imp.  Heroine,  are  offered  breed- 
ers during  1903  at  the  moderate  sum  of  $10  the  sea- 
son, or  $15  to  insure,  by  Messrs.  C.  J.  and  Joseph  But- 
ton, Laurel  Hill  Farm,  Walker'si  Ford,  Va.  This  horse 
is  a  nice  bay  in  color,  sixteen  hands  high,  and  richly 
bred,  while  he  has  great  natural  action  and  should 
sire  grand  looking  harness  horses.  He  has  a  nice  dis- 
position with  an  even  temper,  and  these,  along  with 
soundness  and  fine  size,  are  transmitted  to  the  foaJs 
sired  by  him. 


1903.J 


THE  SOUTHERN  PL  ANTES 


37 


The  Orange  Horseman's  Association,  whose  annual 
Horse  Shows  are  held  at  Orange,  Va.,  met  there  re 
cently  and  elected  officers.  The  soecess  of  the  Asso 
elation  since  its  organization  has  been  remarkable,  as 
after  paying  for  improvements  to  their  new  grounds 
a  nice  balance  remains  in  the  treasury,  and  the  out 
look  for  the  season  of  1903  is  of  a  most  encouraging 
nature.  Good  men  are  at  the  helm,  and  the  affairs  of 
the  Association  have  been  wisely  managed  from  the 
beginning.  The  following  gentlemen  were  elected  offi- 
cers :  President,  W.  W.  Sandiord ;  Vice  Presidents, 
William  Dupont,  E.  C.  Booten,  W.  G.  Crenshaw,  Jr. ; 
Secretary  and  Treasurer,  L.  S.  Elcketts  ;  Directors, 
C.  C.  Taliaferro,  F.  B.  Perry,  H.  A.  Willis,  J.  T. 
Lightfoot,  William  C.  Williams,  H.  D.  Holladay,  Jr., 
J.  W.  McComb  and  L.  S.  Ricketts. 

Mr.  W.  W.  Sanford,  the  new  president  of  the  Orange 
Horseman's  Association,  is  well  calculated  to  fill  the 
position,  as,  aside  from  his  business  qualifications,  he 
is  an  able  Judge  of  form,  and  as  the  proprietor  of 
Woodley  Stock  Farm,  Orange,  Virginia,  he  is  widely 
known  as  an  owner,  breeder  and  exhibitor  of  hunters, 
jumpers  and  harness  horses. 


Mr.  Harry  Hogshead,  a  well  known  druggist  and 
breeder,  Staunton,  Va.,  is  wintering  his  trotters  near 
there,  and  reports  them  in  ?ood  shape.  He  has  the 
large,  handsome  and  well  bred  stallion  Prince  Red 
wood,  trial,  trotting,  2:16i,  by  Prince  Eugene,  2:21i, 
out  of  the  great  brood  mare  Speedy  Fanny,  dam  of 
Sady  M.,  2:13 j,  etc.,  by  Black's  Hambletonian,  and 
the  brood  mares  Fanny  Keystone,  by  Keystone,  and 
Pdychine,  formerly  known  as  Hilpa,  by  Wilkes  Boy. 
The  latter  dropped  a  nice  colt  this  year  by  HosFSon, 
eon  of  Red  Leo,  and  was  bred  to  Prince  Redwood,  as 
was  Fanny  Keystone. 


The  well  known  North  Carolina  horseman,  George 
M.  Harden,  of  Raleigh,  is  wintering  his  stable  of  trot 
ters  there,  and  among  them  is  the  young  stallion 
Sweet  Rector,  by  Director,  2:17 i,  dam  Sweet  Alca,  by 
Alcazar  ;  also  the  fast  chestnut  mare  Petronel,  2:19J, 
by  Expedition,  2:15i,  dam  Petronel,  by  Onward.  The 
latter  made  her  record  at  Savannah  this  /all.  She  has 
shown  a  trial  in  2:141,  going  the  latter  half  in  1:055. 
The  brown  gelding  Rubico,  2:23i,  by  Pamlico,  for 
several  seasons  a  good  bred  winner  of  the  Harden 
stable,  has  been  exchanged  with  T.  M.  Arrasmith,  of 
Oreensboro,  for  the  Tennessee  bred  pacer  John  T. 
Moore,  a  bay  colt,  foaled  1899,  by  Hal  Wooldridge, 
dam  by  Locomotive,  second  dam  by  John  Dillard. 
Mr.  Harden  also  owns  the  good  brood  mare  Burtie 
Wilkes,  by  Red  Wilkes,  dam  Burtie  Amos,  by  Blue 
Bull,  and  her  foal  of  1902,  a  bay  filly  by  Sweet  Rector. 


The  black  gelding  General  Johnson,  by  Lynne  Bel, 
dam  Miss  Mack,  by  Fairlawn,  son  of  Nutwood,  bred 
and  formerly  owned  by  Mr.  Charles  Sharp,  Norfolk, 
Va.,  -was  one  of  the  thousand  and  odd  horses  that 
passed  through  the  Fasig  Tipton  Company's  "Old 
Glory  Sale"  in  New  York,  and  John  MtGuire  got  a 
bargain  in  him  at  $700.  The  black  son  of  Lynne  Bel 
was  consigned  by  W.  L.  James,  of  Baltimore,  who 
has  raced  him  for  two  seasons  past  and  drove  him  to 
a  record  of  2:12h 


C.  A.  Pusey,  the  veteran  trainer  and  driver,  who  in 
the  eighties  won  in  grand  circuit  company  with  the 
Blue  Bull  mare  Lona  GifiBn,  2:23i,  and  who  during 
more  recent  years  scored  victories  with  Mosul;  Bust- 
ler, 2:15i;  Little  Betz,  2:23i,  and  others,  is  now  jog- 
ging a  stable  of  well  bred  youngsters  and  a  few  older 
horses  for  S.  P.  Clay,  the  well  known  railroad  con- 
tractor, whose  place  is  out  on  Church  Hill.  Mr.  Clay 
has  recently  purchased  some  good  prospects  by  suc- 
cessful sires  of  speed,  and  Pusey  hopes  to  get  a  few 
of  them  at  least  ready  for  the  races  another  season. 


Algernon  Daingerfield  has  sold  to  John  E.  Madden, 
Lexington,  Ky.,  the  chestnut  mare  Lady  Scarlet, 
foaled  1896,  by  Btrathmore,  dam  Pappoose,  sister  t« 
Parole,  by  imported  Leamington.  Lady  Scarlet  is  a 
half  sister  to  Mirthful,  dam  of  Aceful.  Mr  Dainger- 
field has  recently  sustained  quite  a  loss  in  the  death, 
which  occurred  in  Virginia,  of  the  bay  filly  All  Saints, 
4,  by  St.  Saviour,  dam  Imported  St.  Cypria,  by  im- 
ported St.  Gation.  The  former  Virginian,  Algernon 
Daingerfield,  now  assistant  secretary  of  the  Washing- 
ton Jockey  Club,  and  who  divides  his  time  between 
Washington  and  Lexington,  Ky. ,  was  married  on  De- 
cember 7th  to  Miss  Margaret  Duncan,  daughter  of 
Mayor  Henry  T.  Duncan,  of  Lexington. 


Mr.  Robert  Neville,  Welbourne,  Va.,  has  recently 
purchased  and  added  to  his  stud,  the  black  horse 
Black  Dick,  foaled  1898,  by  Sir  Dixon,  dam  Merdin, 
by  Hindoo.  The  horse  was  purcha3(d  at  public  auc- 
tion, and  $1,550  was  the  price  paid. 


W.  C.  Daly  has  sold  to  C.  Mack  the  Virginia-bred 
gelding  Alsike,  a  bay,  foaled  1896,  by  Flatlands,  dam 
Lucky  Clover,  by  Bersan.  Alsike  is  a  product  of  the 
Fort  Chiswell  Stud  of  J.  H.  McGavock,  Max  Meadows. 

Broad  Rock. 


SEEDING  GRASS. 


Editor  Southern  Planter : 

A  method  of  seeding  grass  seed  adopted  by  a  few 
farmers  in  my  neighborhood,  may  interest  many  of 
your  readers  who  fail  in  getting  a  stand  of  grass. 

The  quantity  of  seed  for  an  acre  (and  it  should  be 
liberal),  is  thoroughly  mixed  with  a  quantity  of  fer- 
tilizer required  for  the  same  amount  of  land.  It  is 
then  bagged  and  taken  to  the  field  and  placed  in  the 
drill  to  be  delivered  with  the  wheat  or  oat  crop  or  by 
itself,  as  the  case  may  be.  Two  advantages  are  gained 
by  this  method.  The  grass  seed,  whether  orchard 
grass,  clover,  timothy,  or  other,  comes  in  direct 
contact  with  the  fertilizer,  and  it  is  put  deep  enough 
to  come  in  contact  with  moisture  without  dying  for 
lack  of  it,  as  it  frequently  does  when  placed  near  the 
surface.  W.  G.  M. 

Albemarle  Co.,  Va. 


Mention  the  Fkmi«r  to  yoor  firiends. 


38 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLAJiTrEK. 


[January 


niscellaneous. 


FENCE  LAWS  IN  VIRGINIA. 

We  are  glad  to  notice  that  a  member  of  the  Hoase 
of  Delegates  of  Virginia  (Mr.  D.  H.  Leake)  has  intro 
dnced  a  bill  having  for  its  object  the  changing  of  the 
present  law  as  to  fences  in  this  State.     At  present,  an 
owner  of  land  in  Virginia  must  fence  out  his  neigh- 
bor's stock  if  he  desires  to  have  fall  and  peaceful  en 
joyment  of  that  property  which  he  has  bought  and 
paid  for.    If  the  bill  becomes  a  law,  as  we  most  heart- 
ily hope  that  it  will,  this  obnoxious  and  un  j  ust  position 
will  be  at  an  end,  and  each  owner  of  land  must  fence 
in  his  stock  and  keep  it  from  trespassing  on  any  other 
man's  property.    This  object  we  sought  to  accomplish 
In  the  suit  which  was  carried  to  the  Court  of  Appeals 
two  or  three  years  ago,  in  which  it  was  contended  that 
the  present  system  was  unconstitutional.     The  Court 
decided  against  this  view  in  a  judgment  which  we  have 
always  regarded  as  a  most  shallow  one  reached  by  ar 
guments  which  could  not  stand  the  test  of  careful  con 
Blderation  and  based  much  more  on  sentiment  than 
reason.     The  patron  of  the  bill  has  promised  to  send 
U3  a  copy  of  it  as  soon  as  printed,  when  we  will  pub 
llsh  the  same.      Meanwhile,  we  would  ask  farmers 
erery  where  in  the  State  who  desire  to  have  the  peace 
fnl  and  full  enjoyment  of  their  own  property  to  write 
their  representatives  in  the  Senate  and  House  asking 
them  to  support  Mr.  Leake's  bill  and  assist  its  passage 
in  every  way  possible.    Until  such  a  law  is  passed,  we 
can  never  make  that  progress  in  live  stock  husbandry 
which  means  so  much  to  the  State. 


IRRIQATION. 


Sditw  Southern  Planter  : 

Accepting  your  iuTitation  contained  in  the  last  issue 
of  jour  valuable  journal,  to  say  something  on  the  sub 
ject  indicated  above,  I  would  say  to  "  Greenhorn," 
"Be  not  discouraged  at  the  ridicule  your  ideas  in  this 
regard  may  excite  among  your  neighbors.  I  am  a  na 
tive  Virginian  myself,  as  were  my  fathers  for  seven 
generations  before  me,  and  know  how  hard  it  is  for 
them  to  see  any  better  way  of  farming  than  the  meth 
ode  pursued  by  their  fathers  before  them.  Take  heart ; 
you  may  be  in  error  as  to  details,  but  you  are  on  the 
right  track." 

There  was  in  my  father's  library  an  old  geography, 
■written'.by  a  man  named  Morse,  and  published  about 
the  year  1810,  in  which,  in  alluding  to  the  climate  of 
Virginia,  the  writer  stated  that  the  greatest  drawback 
to  agriculture  in  the  State  was  the  fact  that,  as  a  rule, 
drought  cut  short  the  crops.  That  this  is  true  is  be 
yond  question,  notwithstanding  the  abundance  of  rain 


in  the  State  during  the  laat  two  years.  "When  crops 
fail,  such  failure  cannot  be  charged  to  the  soil  or  to 
other  climatic  conditions ;  but  may  be  generally  traced 
to  the  lack  of  moisture  at  some  period  of  their  growth. 
The  past  summer  and  autumn  have  been  exceptlona- 
bly  wet  and  seasonable,  and  the  result  is  that,  in  my 
section  of  country,  no  such  abundant  crops  have  been 
seen  for  years.  That  irrigation  would,  where  the  con- 
ditions are  such  as  to  enable  the  farmer  to  practice  It 
properly,  be  of  vast  benefit  here,  cannot  be  doubted. 
If  irrigation  paj  s  in  the  arid  parts  of  the  We«t,  as  & 
matter  of  coarse  it  would  pay  here  ichen  moUture  i» 
needed  by  the  crop3.  It  is  practiced  in  the  State  of 
Utah,  because  no  rain  is  expected.  It  is  not  practiced, 
as  a  rule,  here,  because,  no  matter  how  dreadful  th& 
drought,  the  farmer  hopes  and  prays  for  "  the  early 
and  the  latter  rains."  But  if  he  was  prepared  to  irri- 
gate his  arid  fields,  and  the  rains  did  come  so  as  to 
render  his  artificial  means  of  supplying  water  unne- 
cessary, he  would  be  as  well  or  better  off  than  the  maa 
who  depends  entirely  upon  irrigation. 

Now  for  seven  years  I  have  practiced  irrigation  npon 
a  very  small  scale,  not  as  an  experiment,  but  because 
I  have  found  by  experience  that  it  was  one  of  the  most 
interesting,  satisfactory  and  paying  Instltntlons  wlthiiL 
my  reach. 

In  1895  I  formed  a  garden  on  a  meadow,  through 
which  ran  a  never  failing  brook.  It  was  a  flat  piec© 
of  land  in  the  shape  of  a  parallelogram,  about  one  hun- 
dred yards  long  from  east  to  west  and  about  seventy 
yards  wide.  The  brook  approaches  it  from  the  west, 
the  fall  being  east.  On  the  south  side  a  ditch  conducts' 
the  stream  along  the  side  of  the  garden,  and  a  dike  on 
the  south  and  west  sides  protect  it  from  high  water  in 
time  of  fr*shets.  It  is  also  ditched  on  the  other  two 
sides,  and  thoroughly  underdrained.  The  rows  of  veg- 
etables run  lengthways — from  west  to  east — the  direc- 
tion of  the  fall,  and  the  cultivation  is  mainly  done  by 
horses,  the  rows  being  about  one  hundred  yards  long.. 
When  irrigation  is  needed,  by  a  simple  and  inexpen- 
sive contrivance,  water  is  brought  to  the  upper  end, 
and  run  down  the  rows  of  the  vegetables  to  which  ifc 
is  desirable  to  apply  It  until  the  ground  is  sufficiently 
soaked,  when  it  is  shut  off — the  surplus  water  escaping 
Into  the  eastern  ditch.  The  result  has  been  a  wealth 
of  vegetation  I  have  never  seen  elsewhere  ;  and  by  thl* 
method  I  have  succeeded  in  doing  what  I  could  never 
do  before — namely,  raise  enormous  crops  of  celery  and 
late  cabbage,  and  have  English  peas  and  spinach  dur- 
ing the  entire  summer.  Even  last  summer  there  wero 
occasions  when  I  resorted  to  Irrigation  with  excellenfe 
reealta — e.  g.,  when  I  planted  celery,  late  beans,  eta. 


1903  ] 


THE   SOUTHERN  PLANT  a  bl. 


39 


In  dry  seasons,  when  neighboring  gardens  were  parch 
ed  and  dry,  this  one  revelled  in  luxuriant  verdure. 

That  irrigation  would  be  far  more  successful  when 
applied  to  grass  lands  in  Virginia  cannot  be  doubted. 

Goochland  Co.,  Va.  M.,  OF  Northside. 


IRRIGATION  PROBLEnS  IN  VIRGINIA. 

Editor  Southern  Planter : 

The  article  in  the  December  number  of  your  jour 
nal,  entitled  "  Irrigation  Problems  in  Virginia,"  deals 
with  a  question  which  this  office  has  been  studying  for 
several  years,  and  it  may  be  that  our  experience  will 
be  of  some  service  in  helping  to  answer  the  inquiry  of 
your  correspondent. 

Speaking  broadly,  the  investigation  of  this  office  to 
determine  the  value  of  irrigation  in  the  humid  por 
tions  of  the  United  States  has  shown  that  there  are 
few  sections  where,  at  some  time  daring  the  growing 
season,  the  ability  to  apply  water,  if  for  a  brief  period 
only,  would  not  secure  largely  increased  jields  ;  but 
no  general  answer  can  be  returned  as  to  whether  or 
not  this  kind  of  irrigation  will  pay.  It  depends  in 
part  upon  the  outlay  required  to  provide  a  water  sup 
ply,  the  character  of  the  water,  the  soil  to  which  it  is 
applied,  and  the  kinds  of  crops  grown.  The  best  re- 
sults thus  far  secured  have  come  from  the  irrigation 
of  crops  having  a  high  acreage  valre  Irrigation  of 
small  fruits  has  almost  always  pr.P'-en  profitable.  Toe 
irrigation  of  rice  in  Louisiana  and  Texas  and  enor 
mously  advanced  land  values  and  transformed  the  in 
dustrial  conditions  of  a  large  poriion  of  the  Gulf  Coast. 
Prof.  Waters,  of  tha  State  Agriiultnral  Experiment 
Station  of  Missouri,  believes  that  in  that  State  an 
ontlay  of  $200  an  acre  can  be  profitably  made  for  the 
purpose  of  irrigating  nursery  stock.  Ability  to  irii 
gate  young  trees  during  the  midsummer  drouth  of  that 
State  enables  them  to  be  marketed  a  year  sooner  than 
would  otherwise  be  possible,  and  mjkos  them  larger 
and  of  better  form,  so  that  they  command  a  higher 
price. 

The  irrigation  of  small  fruilt  las  pi  oven  generally 
profitable  in  New  Jersey,  and  tho  market  gardeners 
around  Boston  are  nearly  all  equip^^ed  with  facilities 
for  irrigating  their  more  val   able  crops. 

The  invention  of  the  gasoline  engine  and  the  im 
provementa  made  in  pumping  machinery  &re  making 


plans  for  installing  a  considerable  number  of  pumping 
plants  by  farmers,  and  there  are  a  number  of  requests 
on  file  for  assistance  of  this  kind  in  the  spring  of  1903, 

The  following  extract  from  the  report  of  an  iniga- 
tion  plant,  installed  last  summer,  may  be  of  interest 
to  your  inquirer  and  others.  This  report  was  furnished 
by  Mr.  Hamilton  Yancey,  of  Rome,  Georgia,  who  is 
pumping  water  from  the  Coosa  riv^r  for  about  ^00 
acres  of  land.  This  pump  is  driven  by  a  35  hcrse- 
power  engine,  lifts  water  30  fest,  and  has  a  capacity 
of  2,000  gallons  per  minute.  It  was  not  completed 
until  July  25.  The  season  was  unusually  dry,  and  ca 
July  25  a  field  of  corn  planted  in  June  was  not  over 
4  to  8  inches  in  height,  bleached  almost  white,  and 
apparently  dying.  On  the  evening  of  July  25  acd 
succeeding  day  this  field  was  irrigated  by  running 
water  between  the  rows,  a  considerable  portion  of  the 
field,  howeeer,  being  flooded.  Without  irrigation  thero 
could  have  been  no  crop.  This  single  irrigation  pro- 
duced a  yield  of  between  50  and  60  bushels  to  the  acre 

Another  fluid  of  early  corn  had  reached  t  he  earing 
stage  when  the  pump  was  completed.  It  was  suffering 
severely  for  water,  the  tassels  bleached  and  the  com 
in  twist.  Four  to  six  hours  after  the  irrigation,  the 
stalks  gave  evidence  of  reviving,  and  a  gcod  crop  o 
corn  and  heavy  yield  of  fodder  were  harvested.  Other 
flelda  near  by  were  cut  for  forage  only,  no  ears  ap- 
pearing on  the  stalks, 

Mr.  Yancey  writes  as  follows  about  his  oat  crop  s 

I  may  add,  for  the  first  time  in  my  planting  experi- 
ence and  knowledge,  my  full  oat  crop,  after  reaching 
a  fine  growth  of  straw,  "failed  to  make  seed  from  the 
absolute  want  of  moisture.  Had  I  been  prepared  to 
give  one  good  irrigation  to  this  field  of  oats  in  the 
early  part  of  May  last,  the  yield  would  have  practi- 
cally paid  for  the  installation  of  my  plant. 

It  is  believed  that  there  are  few  sections  in  the 
South  where  it  will  not  pay  farmers  or  gardeners  to 
provide  for  the  irrigation  of  from  one  to  ten  acres  of 
land  Whether  or  not  it  will  pay  for  the  general  field 
cultivation  of  crops  can  only  be  determined  by  the 
conditions  of  each  particular  case.  In  the  ease  of 
your  correspondent,  much  will  depend  on  the  charac- 
ter of  the  soil.  I  question  whether  irrigation  will 
produce  as  great  an  increase  in  yield  on  a  Vir- 
ginia farm  as  on  the  lands  of  the  arid  region.  These 
lands  are  very  rich  in  the  mineral  elements  of  plant 
life,  because  the  arid  climate  has  prevented  their  fer- 
tility being  leached  out.  All  that  they  need  to  be- 
As  a  rule, 


It  possible  to  supply  water  for  small  tracts  at  a  lest 

outlay  and  with  greater  assurance  of  success  than  was  I  come  enormously  productive  is  water. 

possible  ten  years  ago.     Hence,  the  number  of  irriga-  water  does  not  supply  the  elements  which  make  land 

tors  east  of  the  Mississippi  river  is  rapidly  increasing  productive.     It  simply  makes  them  available.     If  the 

The  greatest  progress  which  is  being  made  is  in  the  Virginia  lands  are  not  fertile  to  begin  with,  water 

South,  and  it  is  here  that  the  conditions  promise  the  alone  will  not  make  them  so,  and  I  doubt  whether  the 

most  satisfactory  results.    During  the  past  year  this  benefits  of  the  silt  spoken  of  will  be  as  great  as  an- 

office  furnished  advice,  and  in  some  cases  prepared  ticipated. 


M 


THE  80UTHEEN  PLAirrER 


[Janaary 


Another  qaestion  which  would  needito  be  looked 
Into  would  be  the  drainage  of  these  lands.  li  there 
Is  good  natural  drainage,  the  results  will  be  much 
more  satisfactory  than  if  this  is  lacking.  The  amount 
of  water  mentioned  would  be  sufficient,  and  if  the  soil 
conditions  are  favorable,  I  see  no  reason  why  the  irri 
gation  of  hay  land  would  not  both  increase  the  yield 
and  the  quality  of  the  product.  Meadows  are  being 
Irrigated  in  Italy  and  England  at  a  profit,  both  coun- 
tries in  which  the  rainfall  is  equal  in  amount  and  as 
well  distributed  as  in  the  South. 

Bulletin  119  of  this  office  contains  the  reports  of 
studies  of  irrigation  in  the  humid  sections  for  1901. 
It  can  be  had  on  request. 

Sincerely  yonra, 

Elwood  Mead, 
Chief  of  iTingaiion  Investigations. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  G. 


IRRIQATION. 


Editor  Southern  Planter : 

In  your  December  issue,  your  correspondent  from 
Hanover  county,  under  title  of  "Irrigation  Problems 
in  Virginia,"  states  his  case  in  terms  identically  par 
allel  to  my  own,  even  down  to  the  ridicule  of  my 
neighbors  for  entertaining  the  "foolish  notion." 

Every  season  finds  some  one  of  my  crops  cut  nearly 
half  In  two  for  want  of  moisture.  This  fact  keeps  the 
thought  alive  in  my  mind,  but  I  still  lack  the  "nerve" 
to  brook  all  opposition  and  go  ahead  and  irrigate. 

My  situation  is :  The  floods  and  freshets  in  times 
past  have  graded  and  leveled  ofiF  over  100  acres  of  my 
farm  ready  for  the  irrigator.  A  lift  of  20  feet  will  put 
the  water  over  the  bank,  and  gravity  ditches  will 
carry  it  all  over  the  land.  I  can  install  a  plant  for 
pumping  the  water  with  link  belt  elevator  giving  600 
gallons  of  water  per  minute  for  something  like  $200. 
I  have  on  hand  the  engine  and  wood  to  run  it.  I  es 
timate  that  at  a  cost  of  25  cents  I  can  pump  one  inch 
of  water  over  one  acr«  of  land.  If  three  good  flood- 
Ings  will  make  a  crop  in  the  West,  where  they  have 
little  or  no  rain  to  help  out,  it  ought  to  make  a  crop 
here.  Two  incheji  of  water  at  a  flooding  would  mean 
six  inches  for  the  season,  costing  $1.60  per  acre. 

Heat,  light,  food  and  water  are  the  essentials  for  a 
full  crop.  The  food  and  water  are  in  mau's  power  to 
supply.  If  the  water  is  deficient,  so  is  the  crop,  even 
though  the  heat,  light  and  food  be  present.  The  ques 
tion  is,  if  $1.50  per  acre  will  give  you  six  inches  of 
water,  is  there  not  a  big  profit  in  supplying  itt 

L?t  your  answer  be  yea  or  nay.  I  am  aware  that 
there  is  a  great  deal  in  the  "Inr.rhow"  to  irrigate  ; 
ehat  It  takes  experience  to  tell  when  and  how  much 
water  to  apply.  It  is  aloni<  this  line  that  the  Eastern 
irrigator,  I  fear,  will  experience  his  greatest  troubles. 
Let  on  the  light,  particularly  at  this  point,  as  well  as 
on  the  entire  subject. 

Another  Qkeenhoen. 

RocMnghatn  Co.,  Va. 


OUR  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

We  had  hoped  to  have  illustrated  the  live  stock  ar- 
ticles in  this  issue  with  pictures  of  some  of  the  fin« 
stock  kept  by  Southern  breeders,  many  of  whom  ar« 
our  subscribers.  In  response  to  our  appeals  for  pho- 
tographs, we  received  very  many  pictures,  but  regret 
to  say  that  they  were  uniformly  of  such  a  defectlv* 
character  that  oar  engravers  could  not  use  them  to 
make  plates  from.  They  were  almost  invariably  small 
pictures  taken  with  Kodak  Cameras  by  amateurs,  and 
it  is  impossible  for  satisfactory  plates  to  be  made  from 
such  work.  We  were  therefore  compelled  to  resort  to 
other  outside  sources.  The  pictures  showing  cattle  ia 
three  positions  have  been  reproduced  from  photo- 
graphs made  at  the  BufiFalo  Exposition  for  the  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  by  one  of  the  best  animal  pho- 
tographers in  the  country.  The  single  column  pit- 
tares  are  from  photographs  or  plates  made  for  tho 
owners  of  the  animals,  or  from  plates  kindly  supplied 
to  us  by  the  Secretaries  of  the  different  Breed  Associ- 
ations, to  whom  our  acknowledgments  are  due  and 
tendered  for  their  courtesy.  The  pictures  of  the  sheep 
are  from  photographs  most  kindly  supplied  by  th« 
proprietors  of  the  "American  Sheep  Breeder,"  Chi- 
cago, to  whose  courtesy  and  ready  response  to  our  ap- 
peal for  help  we  desire  to  tender  our  warmest  thanks. 
We  believe  no  such  perfect  pictures  of  fine  stock  m 
appears  in  this  issue  have  ever  before  been  published 
In  any  Southern  journal. 


THE  INTERNATIONAL  STOCK  SHOW.  CHICAGO, 
1903. 

Since  our  live  stock  forms  were  made  up  and  print- 
ed we  have  received  reports  of  the  premiums  awarded 
at  the  greatest  stock  show  ever  held  which  has  jurt 
closed  at  Chicago.  We  take  the  following  comment 
on  these  from  the  Breeders"  Gazette  : 

"It  was  a  'black  year'  at  the  show.  The  grade  Ab- 
erdeen Angus  bullock  was  dominant.  Whether  in  the 
pavilion,  in  the  pens  or  in  the  slaughter  test,  the  color 
was  'black  and  all  black.'  Never  has  a  breed  accom- 
plished such  sweeping  victories  at  a  fat  stock  show. 
Two  out  of  three  of  the  breed  championships  by  aget, 
the  grand  championship  of  the  show,  the  grand  cham- 
pion herd  and  reserve  for  the  herd,  fell  to  the  black* 
within  the  building,  while  in  the  pens  the  carload  lots 
made  almost  as  sweeping  a  victory.  On  the  block  It 
was  repe»ted,  as  five  of  the  ten  prizes  for  carcasses  fell 
to  the  '  blackskins,'  together  with  the  championship." 

The  Short  horns,  Heretoru , . ;  Galloways  were  clo8« 
followers  of  the  Angus  in  quality  in  the  order  men- 
tioned, and  each  breed  was  represented  by  remarka- 
ble exhibits.  The  Red  Polls  also  made  a  good  showing. 


lf*3.] 


THE  80TJTHBEN  PLABTEE 


41 


THE 


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otherwise  we  cannot  be  responsible. 

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y  reporting  the  fact  at  once. 

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tima  your  subscription  Is  paid. 

W»  laTit«  Farmera  to  write  us  on  any 
■(rlcultural  topic.  We  are  always  pleased  to 
noalTe  practical  articles.  Crltlolam  of  Artl- 
elea,  Suggestions  How  to  Improve  Thk 
PiAHTKR  Descriptions  of  New  Oralns,  Roots, 
or  Vegetables  not  generally  known,  Partlcu- 
Imrs  of  Experiments  Tried,  or  Improved 
Methods  of  Cultivation  are  each  and  all  wel- 
eoxne.  Contributions  sent  us  must  not  be  fur- 
nished other  papers  until  after  they  have  ap- 
paared  In  our  colnmuB.  Rejected  matter  wUI 
D«  returned  on  receipt  of  postage. 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 

RIOMMOKO,  VA. 


Detail  Index  to  Enquirer's 
Column. 

Utilization  of  Dead  Animals 6 

F»ll  and  Winter  Plowini; 6 

Beryice  of  Sow 6 

Canada  Peas 6 

Grazing  Wheat 7 

A  Dark  Cow  Barn 7 

Lightening  a  Clay  Soil _  7 

Lame  Horse _  7 

Pasture  Grasses  for  Light  Land 7 

A  Naat  BINDER  for  yonr  back  nam- 
b«n  can  be  bad  for  26  cents.  AddiMB 
tlM  Bniineu  Office. 


PUBLISHER'S  NOTES. 


To  Correspondents. 

NotwirhstandiDg  the  fact  that  we 
have  largely  increased  the  space 
which  we  uaaally  give  to  commu- 
nicatioDS  from  correspondente,  we 
are  compelled  to  hold  over  a  num 
ber  of  interesting  articles  for  which 
we  have  no  space.  The  matter  pub- 
lished will,  however,  we  hope,  be 
foand  so  full  of  interest  and  in- 
struction as  to  compensate  for  that 
omitted.  In  our  next  issue  we  will 
endeavor  to  find  space  for  the  mat- 
ter held  over  and  for  such  further 
communications  as  may  reach  us 
before  the  20th  of  the  month.  We 
cannot  undertake  to  publish  any 
communications  which  do  not  reach 
us  before  the  20th  of  the  month 
previous  to  the  date  of  issue. 


A  Word  of  Acknowledgment  and 
Thanks. 

In  sending  out  the  first  issue  of 
the  64th  volume  of  The  Planter  we 
desire  to  offer  our  warmest  thanks 
to  the  farmers  of  the  South  for  the 
support  they  have  accordf  d  us  du 
ring  the  year  just  passed.  We  have 
added  more  subscribers  to  our  list 
than  ever  before  were  added  in  any 
single  year  of  The  Planter^s  long 
life,  and  we  have  received  an  innu 
merable  number  of  letters  from 
readers  of  the  journal  compliment 
iag  us  on  the  work  we  are  doing 
for  the  farmers.  It  would  requite 
a  volume  nearly  as  large  as  the 
year's  issue  of  The  Planter  to  pub 
lish  even  a  selection  from  these  let 
ters.  It  is  very  gratifying  to  us  to 
receive  these  commendations,  and 
imparts  a  stimulus  to  us  to  en- 
deavor to  do  still  more  for  onr 
readers  in  the  year  now  beginning. 
We  promise  that  no  effort  on  our 
part  shall  be  wantin.'  to  make  The 
Planter  still  more  iv  aful  to  South- 
ern farmers.  We  t'ink  that  thi? 
issue  will  be  evidence  of  this.  We 
believe  we  are  ccrect  in  saying 
that  never  before  has  any  South- 


WOOD'S 

GARDEN  SEEDS 

Do  best  in  t>  e  "  Sunny  South,  be- 
cause they  are  specially  grown  and 
selected  with  a  full  knowledge  of 
the  conditions  and  requirements  of 
our  section.  Twenty-five  years  ex- 
perience and  practical  growing  of 
all  the  diflferent  vegetables,  enables 
us  to  know  the  very  best,  and  to 
offer  seeds  that  will  give  pleasure, 
satisfaction  and  profit  to  all  who 
plant  them. 

WOOD'S  NEW  SEED  BOOK  FOR  1903 

^Ready  early  in  January)  is  full  of 
good  things,  and  gives  the  most 
reliable  information  about  all 
seeds,  both  for  the  farm  and 
garden. 

T.W.  WOOD  &  SONS, 

Seedsmen,       •       Richmond,  Va. 


-wir-e:  fence 

Heavy  lateral  wires,  heavy  hard  steel  stays, 
colled  spring  wire.  Sure  Qrip  lock.  In  strength, 
appearance,  and  durability,  the  Hard  Steal 
cannot  be  excelled.  Write  for  catalogue  and 
prices.       THE  HARD  STEEL  WIRE  FENCE  CO  . 

Cuyahoga  Falls,  Ohie. 


ORIGINAL. 


1  KV  M  ii:n  UNCI  ( < 


V,i«/ai^)eso  Ifiyi  LAWN  FENCE 


Many  designs.    Chea^  i 
wood.  Si  pft(?e  Catalo^OB 
free.  SprcUII'rWBtolVme. 
Urleiai>dCbBr«h«H.  Address 


-ARM  FENCE 

PRICE  A  NO   aUALITY 
WILL    PLEASE    YOU— • 
i    WRITE    US     NOW. 

•bow  WIRE  WORKS-  Louisville.Ky^ 


STROHGESt 
MADE.      Dall. 

etrong.  Chlckeo. 
tlgbt.  Sold  to  the  Farmer  at  nboUssl* 
Pritee.     PoJly  Wfti-ranud.    Catalog  bYe^ 


FENCE! 


42 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[Janaaiy 


HOW'S  THIS! 
WeoflferOne  Hundred  Dollars  reward 
for  any  case  of  Catarrh  that  can  not  be 
cured  by  Hall's  Catarrh  Cure. 

F.  J.  CHENEY  &  CO.,  Prop's, 
Toledo,  0. 

We,  the  undersigned,  have  known  F.  J. 
Cheney  for  the  last  15  years,  and  believe 
him  perfectly  honorable  in  all  business 
transactions,  and  financially  able  to  carry 
out  any  obligation  made  bv  their  firm. 
West  &  Truax,  Wholesale  Druggists, 
Toledo,  0. 
Wai^dinq,  Kinnan  &  Marvin, 
Wholesale  Druggists,  Toledo,  O. 

Hall's  Catarrh  Cure  is  taken  internally 
acting  directly  upon  the  blood  and  mu- 
cous surfaces  of  the  system.  Price  75c. 
per  bottle.  Sold  by  all  druggists.  Testi- 
monials free. 

Hall's  Family  Pills  are  the  best. 


ern  agricultural  journal  published 
such  a  fine  series  of  pictures  of  live 
Btock  as  appears  in  this  ls<ue.  They 
are  true  to  the  breeds  represented, 
and  finely  bring  out  the  points  em 
phasized  in  the  articles  to  which 
they  form  pendants.  We  trust  the 
effect  may  be  to  arouse  in  reader?, 
a  desire  and  determination  to  have 
better  bred  live  stock,  and  this  will 
certainly  result  in  greater  profit. 
Although  we  have  so]  mnch  to  be 
thankful  for,  yet,  like  Oliver  Twist, 
we  still  "ask  for  more."  We  want 
each  reader  of  this  issue  to  see  his 
neighbor  or  friend,  and  show  him 
The  Planter,  and  tell  him  of  its 
merits,  and  secure  if  possible  a  new 
eabjcriber  for  us.  Ask  him  to  give 
you  50  cents,  and  send  the  same  to 
U8  with  his  name  and  address,  and 
yon  can  rest  assured  that  he  will, 
when  he  has  read  The  Planter  a 
year,  thank  you  for  having  Cone 
him  the  greatest  kindness,  widlst 
we  shall  fed  ourselves  under  a  (^oep 
obligation  to  you. 


Read  the  Advertisement 

In  this  issue  will  be  found  tLo  ad- 
vertising matter  of  most  of  the  well 
known  business  houses  with  Tvhom 
farmers  have  need  to  have  deij'.ings. 
We  ask  for  these  adverti«  lente 
the  careful  attention  of  all  ou;  .ead- 
ers.  We  can  assure  our  i  "juds 
that  there  is  Lot  to  our  knowledge 
an  advertisement  from  any  house 
or  merchant  in  this  if  sue  with  whom 


to 


o 


m^  QUICK  HEAUN(^  POWERS. 

S    !li  THE  TREATMENT  OF  DISEASES  REQUIRING 

;|i  AN  ErncAdous  external  remedy.^==^ 


EQ:zn3i!MmiMiiniE 


to 

o 

>- 


g  i.=rPREPAR  ED    Only  By.:::^;^— ^'j^f^;     .  ,...>;^'^**  I 

WI'rFbros.  q( 

^  S  O  L  E  PROPR I  ETC  R  S  ^~ 

BALTIMORE,  M.p. 

:::•:■  U.S. A'.  :^;;--v.,.. 


EXACT  SlZt   Ot-    BOTTLE. 

T/kKE:  NO  sxjbsxitxtte:. 


1903  J 


THE  80TJTHEEN  PLAJNTBB. 


43 


any  farmer  need  have  any  doubt 
whatsoever  as  to  dealing.  We  ex 
ercise  the  greate-t  care  at  all  times 
in  keeping  out  of  our  columns 
the  advertisements  of  all  "fatirs" 
»nd  dishonorable  firms,  and  posi- 
tively refuse  to  carry  any  adver- 
tisements of  an  immoral  tendency, 
mnd  we  make  it  part  of  our  du^y  to 
see  that  no  one  whose  advertise 
ment  appears  in  our  columns  takes 
any  unfair  advantage  of  any  of  our 
■nb3criber8.  While  we  cannot  guar 
antee  that  stock  or  any  other  article 
offered  comes  up  to  the  full  require- 
ments of  what  such  stock  or  other 
article  should  do  according  to  re 
quirements  of  any  standard,  jet  we 
can  and  do  require  that  it  should 
reasonably  satisfy  such  require 
ments,  and  if  it  fails  to  do  so  we  do 
do  not  hesitate  to  publish  the  facts 
and  expose  the  advertiser,  and  will 
not  in  future  carry  his  adver 
tisements.  We  do  not  intend  that 
any  purchaser  through  our  columns 
shall  be  imposed  upon  by  any  ad 
vertiser,  and  will  use  every  means 
In  our  power  to  prevent  this. 


FISTULA.  AND  POLL  EVLL. 

Both  Fistula  and  Poll  Evil  are  far  more 
prevalent  throughout  the  Southern  States 
than  in  the  North,  and  most  forms  of 
treatment  that  have  been  recommended 
have  either  failed  entirely  or  cured  only 
in  occasional  cises.  A  remedy  that  can 
be  relied  upon  to  cure  these  diseases  is 
capable  of  saving  hundreds  of  thousands 
of  dollars  annually  to  Southern  horee 
owners.  Fleming  Brothers,  a  firm  of 
chemists  located  at  the  largest  live  stock 
market  in  the  world,  manufacture  a  line 
of  veterinary  remedies  that  are  unique  in 
that  they  are  made  to  cure  the  most  difh. 
cult  diseases  and  blemishes  known  to 
veterinary  science.  One  of  these  reme- 
dies is  Fleming's  Fistula  and  Poll  Evil 
Cure,  which  they  guarantee  to  cure  any 
case  of  either  disease,  no  matter  of  how 
long  standing.  Another  is  for  the  cure 
of  Lump  Jaw  in  cattle.  Still  others  cure 
Bone  Spavin,  Ringbone,  Curb,  Splint, 
Sweeny,  et^-.  A  cure  for  Knee-Sprung  in 
horses  is  their  latest  achievement  in  the 
veterinary  field,  and  this,  like  all  their 
other  preparations,  is  backed  up  by  a 
positive  guaantee.  Readers  of  this  paper 
who  will  write  to  Fleming  Bros.,  No.  22 
Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago,  111.,  stating 
the  kind  of  a  case  they  have  to  treat,  will 
receive  two  instructive  booklets  free. 

When  corresponding  with  advertiseri, 
kindly  mention  that  you  saw  their  adver- 
tis«ment  in  the  Sauihem  Planter. 


FOUNDED 

1802. 


GOLD  MEDALS: 

Paris,  1900.     Pan-.American   1901. 


j00gSu 


For  over  a  hundred  years  have  been  universally  recognized 
as  the  standard  of  excellence.  They  received  the  GOLD 
MEDALS  (the  highest  award)  both  at  the  Paris  Exposition 
ot   1900  and  at  the  Pan-American,  1901. 


r^iip  — the    I02d   successive    annual   edition — con- 

^      .      I  tains  a  more  complete   assortment   and  fuller 

V-.Q  fQil./C|UC-  cultural  directions  than  any  other  seed  annua] 
published.  It  is  beautifully  illustrated,  not  with  highly  colored 
exaggerations,  but  with  the  finest  half-tones  from  life  photo- 
graphs. It  contains  128  large  size  pages,  and  in  addition  16 
full  page  half-tone  plates,  and  is  in  every  respect  and  with- 
out exception  the  most  complete,  most  reliable,  and  most 
beautiful  of  American  Garden  Annuals.  We  will  mail  it  free 
on  receipt  of  10  cents  in  stamps,  which  amount  may  be 
deducted  from  your  first  seed  order.  .... 

MflrkCl"  ^'^^   invited  to  send   for  our  special  price-list 

^  ,  of  high-class  vegetable  seeds  for  truckers  and 

VlOrCliSriiCI  o  large  market  growers.  It  contains  all  sorts 
of  approved  merit. 

J.  M.  THORBURN  &  CO., 

36  Cortlandt  Street  NEW  YORK. 


The  TomaLto 

never  has  been  produced  that  can  equal  in  | 
flavor  and  fine  form  our 

NEW  CENTVRY  TOMATO. 


Bred  and  trained  for  years,  this  tomato  is  extra  large 
and  heavy,  hardy,  early,  free  from  blight,  and  will  not 
crack  nor  scald.  Pronounced  by  growers  remarkably 
solid,  full  fleshed  and  free  from  seed.  The 
price  on  the  market,  it  pleases  the  ev 
keeps  unusually  well.  800  bus.  per  ac 
seed  is  all  com 
rN 


,d  color  to  bring  the 
and  brings  most  money.     Ships  and 
3  is  the  record  for  this  tomato  and  the 
leu  Liv  us,       ..  ...=  lu'day  forour  new  illustrated  cataloeue. 
Showing  our  new  Leader  Cibbage.  Dark  Fortune  Cucumber.  Ruby  King 
Ra.dish.  Rocky  Ford  Cantaloupe.  Alaska  Peas,  Valentine  Beans,  Oradus 
Peas.andallof  our  big  line  of  garden  and  field  seeds.  It  is  free.  Write  now. 
J.  BOLGIANO  &  SON.  Dept.  P  7,  Ba.ltimore,  Md^ 


44 


THE  BOXJTBCKRN  PLABTER. 


[January 


PIANETJR 


Kiirdener  and  the  mark*-i  cardener 
who  crow  vegetables  for  profit  will 
each  find  in  this 

"Pl&net  Jr."  No.  12  Wheel  Hoe 
the  best  and  most  efficient  earden 
tool  ever  offered  the  public  Cul- 
tivates all  vegetables  astride  or  be- 
tween the  rows;  deep  or  shallow; 
kills  all  weeds:  breaks  up  the  top 
".rust  after  rains;  saves  the  soil  mois- 
ture, plows,  opens  furrows,  etc. 
'  '  istable  to  various  width 
One  man  c^n  do  more 
iih  it  and  do  it 
nd  better  than  ?ix 

be 


They  are  so  easy  to  linndle  that 
many  boys  and  even  girls  operate 
them  successfully. 

This  is  but    one    of    the    fifty 
Beedinc    and    cultivating    imple- 
ments which  we  make.    The  list 
includes     plain     and    combined 
Seed  Sowers.  Wheel  Hoes.  Hand 
Cultivators-  Walking  Cultivators, 
_nd  One   and   Two-Horse  Ridii 
^  Cultivators.   Special    Sugar  Be 
I  Tools,   etc.      Our   new  1<*03  cata- 1 
1  loeue  is  just  publiihed.     It  contains  t>ve 
I  lOO    illustrations    *ith   full    description 
ind    prkti.     It   cci*   y.  .1    nnthing  and  I 
will  mai:e  you  incney.     \^  rite  us  fun' 

S.  L.  AIXZN  &  CO., 
Box  1107-X,  Philadelphia,  Pa.    \x3 


PIANETJR. 


STEEL  ROOFING 

FREIGHT  CHARGES  PAID  BY  US 

strictly  iic-w.  pt-rlict.  Serui  Hardened 
Met'l  bliM'lf;,  21*vt  wide.  Clee  lung.  Tht 
b«-»l  Hovflnc,  hldlRK  or  IVIIlei;  you  Ctta  asK 
No  experience  ncce»isary  to  lay  it.  An 
ordinary  ti&mmer  or  hatcbet  the  only 
tools  you  need  We  fumieli  nails  fie« 
and  paint  roafln^  two  sicles.  Comes 
eiiher  flat,  corruk-ated  or  "V"  crimped. 
Drlh*Tv4  Trtr  of  all  rharcf^  to  a!l  |>oltiC9 
In  tlii-  IV  S..(a>t  of  the  MiK<^lssippi  River 
andNui-tb  of  tht-  Ohio  Kivt-r 

AT  $2.25  PER  SQUARE 

PrlwM  ta  olhrr  p«lBe«  or  ■|iflirkilot>      A  t-juaie  mtan*  IM 
atiaarefift-     Writt- f..r  f re- 1  (lUi.oyue  ^o    Ir.h 

CM1CA60  HOUSE  VRECKIN6  CO..  W.  35lh  and  Iron  Sts..  Chlcico 

OUR  LOW  HITCH  DISC  HARROW 

Best.  Bimplesl,  Btrong- 
eff I  and  luotst  durable 
Dlic  Harrow  iiiHilr.     Ml 
•teel.      Double  levers. 
Low     btlcb.      Center 
draft.  Alls 
Witb  or  wltb- 
out   seeding 
attachment*. 
Wrile  for   <lr- 
c  u  1  a  r 
prices 
TOLEDO  PLOW  CO..  -  Toledo,  Ohio 


S 


END  YOUR  NAME 

BANDY  GRELK  BONi:  CUTTER. 


STRtnOft  M.C.  CO.,    UI  76    ERIE,  P*. 


YOU  CAN  KEEP  WARM  WHEN  OUT 

DRIVING  AT  A  COST  OF 

TWO  CENTS  PER  DAY. 

Who  has  not  heard  of  the  Lehman 
heater?  The  man  who  uses,  during  the 
winter,  an  open  buggy  or  a  closed  carriage 
can  make  himself  comfortable  by  its  use. 
The  cold  weather  ie  now  about  to  visit  us, 
and  a  demand  for  gome  handy  and  un- 
cumt)ereome  appliance  to  obviate  the 
frigidity  of  the  winter  climate  is  appa- 
rent, and  the  less  cumbersome  and  more 
useful  the  article  the  more  acceptable  it 
is  The  achievement  has  been  reached 
by  the  Lehman  heater.  It  takes  up  but 
little  room,  is  always  ready  and  for  two 
cents  will  keep  a  carriage  warm  for  twelve 
hours  in  the  depth  of  winter. 

Twenty  years  ago  the  bulk  of  the  peo- 
ple slept  in  a  cold  room,  waking  and 
dressing  in  it,  and  went  forth  into  a  prac- 
tically cold  house,  breakfast  being  gener- 
ally over  before  the  inadequate  furnace 
arrangement  of  those  days  sent  heat 
through  all  the  house  or  apartments. 
The  consequence  was  that  injury  to  health 
ensued.  As  above  stated,  the  Lehman 
heater  (ills  the  bill.  It  should  be  more 
generally  known.  It  is  made  in  the  sol- 
idest  fashion  and  should  be  in  the  hands 
of  every  man  who  nses  a  horse  convey- 
ance 

There  are  17-5,000  in  use  by  horsemen, 
etc  ,  who  speak  very  highly  of  them. 
You  cannot  enjoy  your  ride  in  cold 
weather  without  one.  Don't  fail  to  write 
for  circular  and  price  list  to  Lehman 
Bros.,  manufactnrers,  10  Bond  street,  New 
York,  or  J.  W.  Erringer,  general  Western 
sales  agent,  297  Wabash  avenue,  Chicago, 
mentioning  the  Southern  Planter. 

Daane  H.  Nash,  of  Millington,  N.  J., 
who  is  the  long  time  advertiser  and  man- 
ufacturer of  the  famous  Acme  Pulverizer 
Harrow,  Clod  Crusher  and  Leveler,  goes 
further  to  meet  the  purchaser  on  the  sale 
of  his  implement  than  any  manufacturer 
we  have  any  knowledir  •  of  Mr.  Na«h 
wil'  send  the  .^cme  Har  to  any  man 
anywhere  who  orders  .  and  will  give 
him  ample  time  to  ir  e  a  thorough  test 
of  its  good  qualities  the  preparation  of 
any  kind  of  soil,  ur  r  any  and  all  condi- 
tions, and  for  an'-     op. 

If  the  Harrow  a  not  found  to  be  en- 
tirely satisTactory  in  every  way  the  pur- 
chaser may  return  it  at  Mr.  Nash's  ex- 
pense; That  is  a  simple,  straightforward 
business  proposition  which  must  com- 
mend itself  to  the  mind  of  any  fairly  dis- 
posed man.  It  is  further,  a  strone  and 
indisputable  evidence  of  the  faith  of  the 
manufacturer  in  the  high  quality  and 
utility  of  the  implement  which  he  ie  man- 
ufacturing. 

It  is  not  necessary,  however,  for  us  to 
dwell  upon  the  quality  of  the  Acme  Har- 
row. It  has  long  been  advertised  in  these 
columns,  and  we  doubt  not  but  that  hun- 
dreds of  our  readers  have  bought  and  are 
now  using  them  with  success.  In  all  these 
years  we  have  never  heard  a  single  com- 
plaint either  against  Mr.  Kash  or  the 
Acme  Harrow. 

These  Harrows  are  delivered  free  on 
board  at  distributing  depots  conveniently 
located,  and  can  therefore  be  shipped 
promptly. 

Write    the    manufacturer    for    prices, 


THE  IMPROVED 


Chsnberlii  Mfg.  Co.,  Olen,  N  T..  D.  8.  A. 


PULLERS 


AM  Sizes  and  Prices.     Catalogue  Free. 
MOHLAND  &  COMPANY, 

BURLINGTON,   IOWA. 


STUMP  PULLER 

Most  Powerful.  Handiest 

and  Strongest    Built  in 

the  World. 

We  make  4  kinds  la  tlMa 

to  Ruit  all  needs  and  of  amy 

desired  strenfth.     Sarei  tltno 

and  does  the  work  right.    Thm 

operation    of    pa  1 1  ImK 

Btnmpsand  tree*  by  (mr 

methods  is    simple  aa4 

ea^jr-      ^end     for     Fr«« 

Cutalocue. 

CHICA60  STTIP  9ACI11.VK  VPCU  C*w« 

'.»    L«  Sftlle  Mi^t,  aicin»,  IM. 


HERCULES  STUMP  PULLER 


Clears  an  acre  sf  heavytlmtierland  sach  day. 
Ci*ar»  all  slninps  id  a  circle  of  150  ft.  without 
moTiDK   or   ctiaDgiDS    machlue.      Stronjeat, 
most  rapid  working  and  best  made. 
Hercules  Mlg   Co  .  413  1  7thSI..Centr«»lllt.  Iowa. 


FREE 


From  anxiety  over 
wash  dav.  are  all  wh» 
use  a  DILLEY  QUE'EII 
WA'HER.  We  Kuaran- 
tee  li  to  be  the  bfst.  A 
trial  machine  sent  at 
factory  price.  Auent* 
wauted  for  exclusive 
terrliory.     Write  for 

cata'ogue    with    full   description.     We   will 

surely  please  you. 
LYONS  WASHING  MACHINE  CO.,  L)ons.  Mich. 


19*3] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLAJSTEK. 


45 


PREPARE  FOR 
WAR 

IN  TIME  OF  PEACE! 


Whatever  you  it  tend  to 
do  about  SPRAMNG  pre- 
pare for  it  during  the  w  in- 
ter. Order  your  Spraying 
outfit  and  material  now 
and  you  are  prepared  for 
war. 

Knapsack 

Sprayers, 
Barrel  Pumps 
Bordeaux  Mixture 

Insecticides, 

Fungicides,  &c. 

LENOX  SPRAYER  &  GHEMIC&L  CO., 

Dpt.ll.       PITTSFIELD.  MASS. 

-•^-Send   for  our   book  on  8PRAYIN 


Get  the  Best 


THE  EGUPSEi 

good  pump.    Asprac-M 
1     fruit     growers    we  f 
were   using  the  com- 
[iion   sprayers   in  our 
own  orchards — found 
their  defects  and  then  invented 
The    Eclipse.     Its  success 
practically  forced  us  into  man- 
ufacturing on  a  large  scale. 
You  take  no  chances.  We  have 
done  all  the  experimenting. 

targe  fully  illustrated 
Catalooiie  avd  Treatise 
on  Spraying— FREE. 


HOKBILL  .t  MORT.EY.  B 


n  Harbor.  Mich. 


1^  Beming 
^       Field 
Sprayer 


odel  im- 
plemeut  for 
ncreago 


ull  Nu 


One  Man  Can  Operate. 

Can  be  attached  to  any  barrel  sprayer  and  fitted 
to  any  wagon-  Fitted  with  famous  Bordeaux  or 
Demibg-Vermorel  nozzles.  We  fit  everybody'.^ 
needs  in  bucket,  barrel,  knapmick  and  other 
Bprayerg.  Write  for  free  spraying  catalogue. 
THE  DEMINO  CO.,  Salem.  Ohio. 


CPRAY  PUMPC 

BS  Save  Mokby  MS 

^^  BY  Buying  One  of  Ours.  ^^ 
They  will  do  as  much  work,  being  all  brass 
»re  lighter  to  handle  ard  are  more  durable, 
will  generate  a  higher  pressure  thereby  mak- 
ing them  the  easiest  pumps  to  operate  on  the 
market.  Write  for  catalog  and  get  treatise  on 
•praying  free.  Agents  wanted.  Mention  this 
paper.  J.  F.  Gavlord,  Successor  to  P.  C.  Lswii 
Manufacturing  Ctmpany,  Catskill.  N.  C. 


Mention  the  Southern  Planter  when  cor 
(eepondiog  with  advertisflTs. 


printed  matter  and  terms  of  trial.  Kind 
ly  say,  in  writing,  that  you  saw  this  in 
our  journal. 

DECEMBER  EGGS. 

With  the  cold  snap  of  December  the 
egg  supply  usually  drops  off;  not  alto- 
gether, however,  from  the  actual  cold  as 
from  change  in  the  feeding  ration  of  the 
hens.  At  this  time  more  than  ever,  poul 
try  needs  a  liberal  supply  of  animal  food 
to  take  the  place  of  the  insects  and  worms 
the  hens  get  on  the  range  in  summer 
time. 

The  Stratton  Manufacturing  Company, 
Erie,  Pa.,  have  just  issued  a  very  attrac- 
tive book,  entitled  "  More  Money  From 
Your  Hens."  It  goes  into  the  question 
of  winter  feeding  very  thoroughly  and 
describes  in  detail  the  Dandy  Bone  Cut- 
ter, a  well  built,  substantial  machine  for 
reducing  green  bone  to  poultry  food.  The 
manufacturers  make  a  very  strong  claim 
of  excellence  for  the  Dandy,  and  sell 
every  machine  with  a  warranty  to  take  it 
back  and  refund  every  cent  paid  for  it 
should  it  prove  unsatisfactoiy  in  any  way 
after  the  purchaser  gives  it  a  fair  trial. 
It  is  sold  at  a  very  reasonable  price  and 
is  manufactured  in  a  variety  of  sizes  and 
styles.  We  know  that  every  reader  of 
The  Southern  Planter  will  be  interested  in 
the  Dandy  catalogue.    It  is  sent  free. 

RIPPLEYS  FEED  COOKER 
AND  HEATER. 

The  subject  of  this  il- 
lustration and  paragraph 
is  familiar  to  most  of  our 
readers.  It  is  the  com- 
bination feed  cooker  and 
heater  manufactured  by 
the  Rippley  Hardware 
Company,  of  Grafton,  111. 
■|  In-  aiiw  iiisement  setting  forth  its  uses 
in  brief  appears  in  another  column.  No 
reason  if<  apparent  why  a  machine  fitted 
to  cook  food  for  stock  might  not  easily 
be  made  to  go  a  step  farther  and  furnish 
lipat  for  Stock  buildings.  The  Rippley 
Company  seem  to  havec.iught  the  idea  in 
a  very  comprehensive  manner.  The  farm 
er  would  frequently  use  heat  in  the  dairy, 
poultry  and  swine  buildings  if  it  could  he 
supplied  without  great  expense,  or  by 
connection  with  a  fire  in  operation  and 
doing  duty  in  other  lines.  This  Rippley 
Cooker,  considered  merely  as  a  cooker,  is 
one  of  the  most  practical  and  uieful  on 
the  market.  It  takes  on  a  double  value 
when  it  is  employed  to  heat  water  in 
stock  tanks  two  or  three  hundrtd  feet 
away ;  to  heat  dairy,  poultry  and  other 
buildings ;  to  furnish  steam  for  such  ne- 
cessary uses  as  grinding,  separating  cream, 
churning,  etc.  It  can  be  used  in  the  yard 
or  set  up  and  attached  to  a  chimney  in 
any  building.  Though  small  and  com- 
pact and  easily  handled,  one  of  its  special 
strong  points  is  that  frequent  removal  is 
not  necessary,  it  being  able  to  perform  its 
numerous  duties  equally  well  at  any  rea- 
sonable distance.  Those  of  our  readers 
who  are  interested  in  feed  cookers  or 
heaters  should  send  for  the  Rippley  cata- 
logue.   It  is  mailed  free  on  application. 

T*  naktcowt  pay,  nst  Sharp)**  Cr*aai  S*parat*r*. 
Book  "Bnalne**  Dairying  "  A  Oat.  806  frae.  W. 
I  ObMtor,  Fa.S 


Wagon  World  Awheel. 

Halt  a  million  of  these  steel 
wheels  have  been  sent  out  on 
ourown  wagons  and  to  fit  other 
wagons.  It  is  the  wheel  that 
determines  the  life  of  any 
wagon,  and  this  is  the  longest 
hved  wheel  made.  Do  vou  want 
a  low  down  Handy  Vi'agon  to 
use  about  the  place?  Wewillfit 
out  your  old  wagon  with  Elec- 
tric Wheels  of  any  size  and 
any  shape  tire,  straight  or  stag- 
gered spokes.   No  cracked  hubs,  do 

loose  spokes,  no  rotten  felloes,  no  resetting.    Writ«  f.r 

the  t)iK  new  catalogue.    Itisfree. 

Electric  Wheel  Co.|  Box  146  Quincy,  IllSa 


TOP  BUGGY 

IRECTto  User 

$33.50 

Hickory  Wheels, 
best  steel  Springa 
aud  Axles.  Quar- 
anteed  fully. 
Sen  1  for  catalogue  or  call. 
CHAS.  C.  CLARK  &  CO.,  25  S.  Main  St.,  St.  Louis. 


WATER  CLOSET  COMBINATIONS, 

Porcelain  Bowl.  Hardwood  B*»t  and  TaBk, 
Nickel  Plated  Hush  and  supply  pipes,  com. 
ple(e,eacti  911.00, 
Cost  Iron   Roll    Rim    Bath   Tub5, 

length  6  ft.  Complete 
with  full  set  of  nickel 
plated  fitting,  eacb, 
SI  1.00. 

They  are  new  ^oods, 
ask  for  free  catalogue 


eiricago  Hous*  WretUng  Co..  W.  35Hi  ui  \nt  Uu.tHmm 


BOSTROM'S  INPROVCD  FARM  LEVEL 

Fat'd   1902.  „,TH  AND   WITHOUT  TELESCOPE 


Is  no  MAKESHIFT,  but  the 


Ditching  and  Drainage.  Price 
JS  and  $10,  including  Tripod 
and  Rod.  Send  for  dcscriptire 
circulars  and  Treatise  on  Ter- 


Bostrom,  Brady  !Mg.  Co., 

311-2  W.Alabama  St.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 


lATEST 


(Newton'e  Patent.) 


laraovED 


DEHORNER  oSwrner 

Guaranteed 


S.  H.  BBOWN  MFG.  CO..    •    -    DKCATJJU,  ILU, 


Take   Your  Choice 

Conv»x— very  iimple,  quick 

rate.  Bully V—lacestaadc 

rful  V-Koifo  Diado.    Sent 

Calf  Dishorner  and  other 

e9.   Send  for  catalog. 

V^estcrn    orden  filled 


SPRAYER 

We  want  to  send  into  every  town  ^^^^^^^P 
and  county  a  sample  of  our  new  F  f^u^m^ 
self-operating  Kant-Klog  Sprayer. 
No  farmer,  fruit  or  vegetable  grower  can  afford  to 
be  without  one.  They  increa-'^e  crops  both  in  quan- 
tity and  quality,  and  double  your  yearly  profit. 

^A    JftOrMTC  ■   *aO,00  A  DAT  is  wh»t  ODt 

I  If   nUILIl   19s   new  a^eat  made.    Anotberhu 
sold  and  delivered  660  mochinea  and  has  100   more  sold   for 
later  delivery.  With  thecomplete  detailed  in-'tructions  we  send 
our  ageuta  any  man  of  ordinary  ahility  can  do  as  well. 
For  further  Informatiori  address, 

RochesferSprayPumpCO.,  21  EastAv.  Rochester,  N.Y- 


46 


THB  80UTHEEN  PLANTER 


[Jannary 


The  Automatic 

SURE  HATCH 

INCUBATOR 


IT  COSTS  YOV  NOTHING 


Yards  FlDe  Poultry 


premises  and  lind  out 
what  the 

ReliaJile   IncubaLtor 


«ic.  Poultrj  bo«k.  No.  ig.forlOcp^ti 

RfliabUlDcb.  andBrooderC' 

Boi  B-  II    (JulntT,  III. 


The  PRAIRIE  STATES 

KEEP  AT  THE  HEADis 
Uore  made 

more  prizes  won  than 
ALL  OTHERS  combined. 

ogue-just  owl-fin- 

'  "     '  -^ '  paper  A 


send  for 

est  ever  IssuedTMeni 

PRAIRIE  STATS  INCUBATOR  Co. 
HOMEB  CITY  ,  Pa,,  U.S.A. 


ICTOR, 

INCUBATORS 


WROUGHT  IRON  PIPE 

Good  condition,  used  abort  Omo  only*  cewthnadi 
•Bd  coupling,  for  Steam,  Gm  or  Water,  alEea  from  U 
•ttU  inch  diameter.  Our  price  per  tool  on  ktMkiS 
•bi  OD  1  tech   4c.      Write  for  free  catalogne  K»  i^- 

CHICAGO  HOUSE  WRECKING  CO. 

n.  still  and  iroD  Bu.,  niicaeo. 


Krauaera'  IMiuid 
Extract  of  Smoke 

Siiiukes  iiifat  jicrfootly  in  a 
<.  .Made  fr..ni  luckon'  w«.d. 
(Mcantr. cheaper.  No 


IN  THE  INTEREST  OF  THE  WHOLE 
PEOPLE. 

Our  readers  will  remember  the  Marvin 
Smith  Company  as  having  been  the 
largest  exclusive  farm  implement  house 
in  the  countrj'.  Their  well-known  relia- 
bility and  responsibility  in  this  direction 
induced  their  many  friends  and  patrons 
to  wiite  them  from  all  sections  of  the 
country,  sending  in  orders  for  goods 
which  they  did  not  then  carry.  It  was 
this  constant  demand  which  induced 
them  to  add  departments  of  hardware, 
tools,  builders'  supplies,  builders'  hard- 
ware, gentlemen's  clothing  all  kinds,  of 
hosiery,  all  kinds  of  underwear,  gloves 
and  mittens,  cook  stoves,  ranges  and 
heaters,  sewing  machines,  tin  and  enamel 
ware  of  all  kinds,  lanterns,  household 
supplies,  trunks,  valises,  etc. 

In  looking  over  the  catalogue,  one  can- 
not help  express  both  surprise  and  won- 
der at  the  remarkably  reasonable  prices 
at  which  the  various  articles  are  sold 
For  instance,  take  their  new  High  Art 
Colonial  Cabinet,  Ball-bearing  Sewing 
Machine.  The  price  is  only  $18.95,  a 
much  better  machine  in  every  way  than 
we  had  to  pay  t35  to  $40  for  elsewhere. 
Then  there  are  sicb  other  cises  of  quali- 
ty and  value  as  the  following:  Men's  full 
fleece-lined  heavy  winter  underwear  at 
the  ridiculously  low  price  of  45c.  per  gar- 
ment; ladies' part  wool  underwear,  jersey 
ribbed  winter  weight  with  all  the  latest 
and  newest  conveniences  and  methods  of 
making  at  50c.  per  garment;  these  same 
goods  are  usually  sold  at  75c.  or  more  per 
garment  in  our  home  stores ;  a  boy's  split 
buckskin  fleece-lined  work  or  school  mit- 
ten for  23c.  per  pair ;  men  s  split  back 
glove,  all  seams  welted,  fleece-lined  and 
with  patent  string  fastening,  at  35c.  per 
pair ;  ladies' dressed  kid  gloves  in  medium 
weight,  very  fine  and  dressy,  at  i\ ;  just 
about  such  a  glove  as  the  stores  usually 
charge  $1.50  for. 

By  all  means,  send  to  these  people  for 
their  latest  catalogue  if  you  have  not  al- 
ready done  so.  The  book  is  almost  cer- 
tain to  save  you  money  on  every  article 
which  you  wish  to  buy. 

Some  idea  of  the  Incubator  business  is 
gained  when  it  is  known  that  over 
100,000  incubators  were  sold  last  year. 
The  use  of  the  incubator  and  brooder  in 
poultry-raising  is  no  longer  an  experi 
ment.  One  of  the  firms  that  got  a  good- 
ly share  of  this  business  is  the  Hawkeye 
Incubator  Company,  of  Newton,  Iowa. 
They  were  well  pleased  with  their  busi- 
ness of  last  year,  but  to  say  they  are  feel- 
ing good  over  prospects  for  the  coming 
season  is  to  put  it  mildly.  Their  advance 
sales  for  1903  already  exceed  the  entire 
output  of  last  season.  The  Hawkeye  is 
used  in  every  State  in  the  Union,  and  in 
('anada,  and  in  many  foreign  countrieb. 
No  wonder,  for  this  Company  guarantees 
every  machine  to  give  entire  satisfaction 
or  money  refunded.  They  even  sell  on 
.30  days'  free  trial,  giving  the  purchaser 
an  opportunity  to  complete  a  liatch  be- 
fore accepting  his  machine.  By  all  means, 
write  to  them  for  their  catalogue  if  you 
are  thinking  of  buying  an  incubator  or 
brooder.  Address  Hawkeye  Incubator 
Company,  Newtown,  la.  Mention  this 
journal. 


^^S&«^ 


_i  strictly  by  ourselves  for  the   , 

South.  East  and  West,  each  variety  in  the 
soction  which  secures  its  highest  develop- 
ment. Weaim  to  have  everrtlimg the  strong- 
est and  best  of  its  kind. 

WE  PRACTICE  NO  DECEPTIONS 

We  do  not 
giv. 

FARM,  CIIDDI  ICC  DAIRT, 

GARDEX,    SUrrLlEO    POULTBT, 

IS  lartre  and  the  most  complete.  Write  for  handsome 
new  Catalogue  No.      10      Sent  FREE. 

Griffith  &  Turner  CO.,  205  Paca  St.,  Baltimore,  Md, 


WINES  APS 

I  have  for  sale  several  blocks  of  the 
finest  two-year  old  Winesaps  Apple  trees 
ever  grown  in  the  State  The  trees  are 
well  branched  and  measuse  from  five  to 
eight  feet  in  height  Trees  are  dug  from 
the  nursery  the  day  they  are  shipped. 

8c.  each  for  the  finest  lot  under  100. 

7c.     "      "     "      "       "     over  100. 

6  to  7c.  wholesale. 

CHAS.  P.  HACKETT,  Manager, 

Bonavista  Narseries, 
Albemarle  County,  Greenwood,  V«. 


..ELMWOOD  NURSERIES.. 


ASPARAGUS 

100,000  2-yr.-old  Asparagus  roots, 
6  varieties  A  special  rate  of  $3.50 
per  1000  for  2  mos.  for  BARR'S, 
PALMETTO,  CONOVER. 

APPLES 

A  large  general  assortment,  in- 
cludine  WINESAPS  and  YORK 
IMPERIALS. 

Splendid  Assortment  of 

Ornamental,  Shade 

and  Fruit  Trees. 

Splendid  lot  of  POL  A.ND-CHINA 
pigs  ready  for  shipment.  Also  pure 
BARRED  PLYMOUTH  ROCK, 
BROWN   LE&HORN,   BRAHMA 

fowls  at  $1  each. 

WRITE  FOR  OUR   CATALOGUE. 

J.B.WATKINS&BRO.,Hallsboro,Vi. 


MARK     YOUR    STOCK. 

Use  the 
KENTUCKY   ALUMINUM    EAR    LABEL. 

Made  by  F.  H.  Jackson  &  Co.,  Winchester, 
Ky.    write  to  them  for  free  samples. 


liM>3  , 


I'HU  BOUTHBKiJ  FlLAJTrifili. 


47 


FARQUHAR 


VARIABLE     QlUf  ||||  I 
Friction  Feed  OR  ft  IIIILL) 

with  patent  feed,  patent 
doffs  and  set  works  is  the 
most  convenient. durable, 
perfect  in  operation,  ana 
the  cheapest  high-class 
mill  on  the  market.  There 
are  more  of  these  mills  in 
use  than  any  othermake, 
because  they  combine  all 
the  latest  improvements. 
The  sawyer  ttanding  in 
one  position,  controls  the 
engine,  sets  the  log,  and 
regulates  the  feed  of  the 


age.    The  carnage  IS 
ved  forward  and  back- 


vard  hy  means  of  the  Reamy  patent  feed  and  backing  device. 

ALL  ABOUT  THEM  IN  THE  CATALOCUE. 


Pennsylvania  Disk  or  Hoe  Drill. 


This  Low-Do 


great  strength  and  lighti 
Each  disc  works  independ- 
ently and  has  an  adjustable 
coil    eprine  pressu 


It  is  sure  to  put  in  the  seed 
every  time.  Chain  drive 
force  feed,  for^ain,  grass 


main  axle.  No  jolt— saves 
horses*  necks.  Accurate 
grain,  grass, phosphate,  and 


LOW   DOWN,   EASY   TO   FILL. 


tt 


Here  is  a  name 


FARQUHAR 


9P 


that  stands  for  merit. 


"IMPROVED"  AJAX  ^"S^S.^ 


This  portable  Engine  is 
made  most  carefully  of 
the  best  material.  The 
Boiler  is  made  of  the  best 
grade  of  boiler  steel, 
tensile  strength,  65,000  to 
6fi,000  pounds.  The  steel 
fire  boxes  are  strongly 
riveted  and  tested  at 
double  the  strain  they 
will  ever  be  required  to 
use.  No  Fiirqiihar 
"    "     '  ever  exploded. 

3st  improved  pat- 

V .   arid   of  the   best 

material    known.      Tou 
lebt  to  know    about 


FARQUHAR  v%°f.*!!'  SEPARATOR 


threshes  i 


I  kinds  of 


grain  and  del 
in  better  condition' 
than  anv  other  made. 
No  cracting  or  wast- 
ing of  grain.  The  sep- 
arating capacity  is 
very  large  and  the 
machine  cannot  be 
crowded.  It  will  eas- 
ily take  care  of  all  the 
grain  that  can  be  put 
through  the  cylinder 


■We  also  make  Clover  Iluller  Attochn 


flJ^FARQOHA^Oj^ljnitedn^^^ 


All  these  things  fully  described  in  the  catalogue.    It  is  free. 

Also  full  line  including  all  kinds  of  farm  machinery. 


The  most  popular  Machine  in  use  for  Peanut  Picking  and  Grain  Threshing  are  the 

HEEBNER'S, 
LITTLE  GIANT  ^^o 
PENNSYLVANIA 

Machines,  and  they  have  splendid  improvements  for  1903. 
They  are  built  in  first  class  manner,  and  are  strong  and  dur- 
able. The  price  is  within  the  reach  of  all.  We  guarantee 
them  to  do  the  work  satisfactorily.  We  will  mail  catalogue 
and  testimonials,  and  quote  prices  on  application. 

RUBBER,  LEATHER 

and 

GiNDY  BELTING. 

PRICK'S  "ECLIPSE" 
ENGINES  and  BOILERS. 


ERIE  ENGINES  and  BOILERS. 


THE  CELEBRATED 

CHASE  "  SAW  MILLS 


Tbls  cut  8h05is  our  5  and  7  h.p,  "Ll'tle 
som  "   Vertical    Automatic  Engine, 


DE  LOACH  "  MACHINERY.  ?erd?i°aiiTwS;e?r""*  pickers: cuttm. 


Larger  sizes  also  furnished. 


STRATTON  &  BRAGG,  20  and  22  N.  Sycamore  St.,  Pctcrsburg,Va. 


48 


TAB  SOUTHERN  PLAlTrBB. 


[January 


THE  AGONY  OF 
INDIGESTION 

How  a  Virginia  Woman 
Was  Cured. 


Mrs.  S.  P.  Thompson,  of  Rodophil, 
Va  finfifered  terribly  with  indigestion  for 
yeare  Every  mouthful  of  food  was  a 
Martyrdom.  Every  meal  was  a  repeti- 
tion of  agony-until  Bhe  heard  of  YA- 
GER'S SARSAPARILLA  WITH 
CELERY-  From  the  first  bottle  thtre 
was  an  improvement.  Food  beuan  to  do 
her  good  instead  of  injuring  her  health. 
Mealtime  became  a  pleasure  instead  of  a 
time  of  suffering.  YAGER'S  SARSA^ 
PARILLA  changed  the  whole  aspect  of 
life  for  Mrs.  Thompson,  it  has  done  the 
game  for  hundreds  of  others  in  similar 
.ituations.  Her  gratitude  to  the  medi- 
cine does  not  stop  with  simpiy  appreci- 
ating it— she  has  told  her  friends  and 
neighbors  of  it,  and  of  the  wonderful 
cure  it  has  effected  in  her  case. 

YAGER'S  SARSAPARILLA  WITH 
CELERY  is  working  astounding  cures  in 
hundreds  of  -owns  to  day.  Every  mail 
brings  notable  additions  to  the  great 
Tolume  of  evidence  already  accumulated 
as  to  the  curative  power  in  all  diseases  of 
the  nerves,  blood  and  functional  derarge- 
ments.  It  is  sold  by  all  druggists,  50c.  a 
bottle.  Made  by  Gilbert  Bros.  &  Co  , 
Baltimore,  Md. 


The  Baby 

Had  Group 

—one  of  the  ehlldrjn  had  a  cold  ;  father 
had  bronchitis;  mother  had  atou^h  of 
Pleurisy  They  all  took  Honey- Totu. 
ind  weie  cured.  Sold  by  all  druggleU, 
loc.  a  Dig  bottle,    Made  by 

GILBERT  BROS.  &  CO., 

BALTIMORE,  MD. 


HAVE   YOU   EVER   USED 

GLEASON'S 

HORSE  AND  CATTAE 

POWDER? 

—  TRV  A  PAGKAGE.m 


FARMERS'  BOYS  AS  BASE  BALL 
PLAYERS. 

It  is  the  Farmer  Boy  who  takes  the 
lead  in  the  Base  Ball  and  Foot  Ball 
teams  of  the  present  day,  who  from  ear- 
ly childhood  ha?  gained  brawn  and  brave- 
ry through  hard  work  upon  the  farm; 
yet  he  rarelv  gets  the  credit  of  it,  for  the 
success  of  a' team  is  usually  attributed  to 
the  city  lads,  when,  really,  it  is  due  to 
one  or  two  rough  farm  boys  who  pulls 
them  through. 

The  fact  is  established  by  the  follow- 
ing little  story  of  actual  occurrence: 

A  wail  of  despair  arose  in  one  of  the 
principal  Academies  of  the  State  when 
its  base  ball  team  was  organizing  for  its 
spring  work.  The  trouble  was  that  young 
Hal  Ilavseed,  who  bad  been  Captain  of 
the  team  the  previous  session,  had  not 
returned,  and  his  place  could  not  be  suc- 
cessfully filled.  After  much  debating  and 
consultation,  it  was  decided  to  send  a 
committee  of  three,  one  of  the  teachers 
and  two  of  the  boys,  to  visit  old  Farmer 
Hayseed,  who  lived  not  far  away,  and 
persuade  him  to  send  his  son  back,  mak- 
ing him  liberal  offers  for  his  tuition  and 
advancement  in  study. 

As  they  approached  the  farm,  they 
found  young  Havseed  busy  ploughing  for 
corn  in  the  6eld,  dressed  in  his  rough 
farm  suit. 

""What  a  pity  that  such  a  fine  fellow 
should  be  thus  working  among  the  clods," 
exclaimed  one  of  the  boys  as  they  drove 
up. 

"Yes,  and  to  lose  such  valuable  time 
from  his  studies,"  said  the  teacher. 

"  0 !  we  must  get  him  awav  from  here, 
for  our  team  cannot  do  without  him," 
cried  the  third. 

Young  Hayseed  saw  the  approach  of 
his  former  companions,  so  dropping  his 
lines,  he  came  forward  smiling  and  greet- 
ed tbem  heartily. 

There  was  no  abashment  in  his  face  at 
being  found  in  such  menial  work,  but, 
with  a  manlv  voice,  welcomed  them  to 
the  farm,  and  took  them  to  the  house  to 
see  his  father. 

They  found  the  old  man  busy  in  his 
garden  planting  seeds;  he  saw  the  ap 
proach  of  the  young  gentlemen,  and 
guPHsed  their  errand:  and  though  shak 
ine  his  head  ominously,  yet  he  dropped 
his  work  and  greeted  his  young  visitors 
kindlv. 

The  old  gentleman  listened  respectful- 
ly to  their  praise  of  his  bov,  and  their 
wish  to  do  him  ereat  good  :  he  was  touch- 
ed and  snrprioed  at  suMi  liberal  offers  to 
supply  his  son's  place  on  the  farm  by 
other  help,  but  he  quickly  saw  that  their 
chief  object  was  to  place  him  on  their 
base  ball  team. 

The  old  man  now  spoke  plainly. 

"  Young  gentlemen,  my  son  is  all  the 
help  T  have  on  the  farm ;  if  you  take 
him,  T  am  helpless,  for  I  cannot  supply 
his  place!  I  wish  to  give  him  an  educa- 
tion and  protession,  but  do  not  intend  to 
part  with  him  for  base  ball  or  foot  ball 
playing;  now.  ask  him  which  he  prefers, 
to  work  for  me  or  play  Kill." 

It  was  a  great  temptation  and  allure- 
ment to  Young  Hayseed,  as  presented  by 
hii  eay  and  festive  companions;  and  too, 
a  great  compliment  to  h'S  skill  at  ball 
playing* 


300 
pounds 

per  acre  more 
Wheat,  Oats, 
Rye  or  Barley 
may  be  raised 
for  each  loo 
pounds    of 

NITRATE  OF  SODA 

used  as  a  Top  Dressing  on  the 
soil.  Frequent  trials  at  Agricul- 
tural Experiment  Stations  the 
world  over  fully  prove  this  to 
be  so. 

Your  address  on  a  Post  Card  will  bring 
you  our yVe-f  Bulletin  "Practical  Hints 
for  the  Profitable  Application  of  Nitrate 
of  Soda  as  a  Fertilizer,"  and  others  full 
of  interest  to  farmers. 


controlled  by  adac 

Good's  Caiutlc  Potash  Wliale 
Oil  Soap,  No.  3. 

It  alio  prevent!  Curl  Leaf.  Endoraed  by  ia> 
tomologlits.  Thli  loap  !•  a  fertUlMr  aa  wall 
MlniecUolde.  60  lb.  kegs,  C30;  100  lb.  kesi, 
H.GO.  Half  barrels,  270  lbs.,  at  SKc.  per  lb. ; 
barrele,  425  Iba.,  at  8Vo.  Large  qoantlUM, 
tjiealal   ratei.     Send   for  olrooiar. 

JAMES  GOOD, 

J81M1  N.  Front  St.,  philadclphi*.  m. 


FRAZER 

ylxic  Grease  th'l^worid. 
wearing  qualltlee are  ansurpassed,  »o- 
,lly  outlasting  3  bx<.  any  olber  brand, 
t  affected  by  heat.  •9-6<t  the  Qenalne. 
FOR  SALE  BY  ALI.  DEALERS. 


LIME 


AeRICULTURAL 
and  BUILDERS' 

Send  for  Circulars  and  Prlce-LUt. 

FELLSWORTH  LIME  WORKS 

REEVES  CATT,  Atent, 

Bodley,  Autrusta  County,  Va. 

$.B.AD)(INS&GO. 


it 


4  and  6  Governor  Street, 


RICHMQND,  VA. 
EXPERT  BOOKBINDERS 
and  Commercial  Printers. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEB. 


49 


Few  young  men  could  resist  such  an 
offer,  for  he  knew  the  good  times  and 
high  praist  his  learn  would  have  in  many 
a  contest  over  the  State;  so  it  was  some 
momenta  before  he  spoke  alter  his  old 
father  had  turned  to  him  and  said,  "Say, 
my  sou,  what  is  your  wish?" 

Drawing  himself  up  proudly,  he  re- 
plied -"  iSo,  boye,  1  cai.not  leave  the 
farm;  1  have  begun  the  crop  auU  will  go 
through  \Mlh  it;  1  would  like  to  be  wilti 
you  to  strujigle  for  the  championship  on 
the  ball  team,  but  my  latuer  needs  me, 
and  my  duly  is  heie.' 

His  haudsomely-dressed  companions 
were  silenced  for  a  moment,  and  then 
turning  iu  admiiation  of  him,  the  teacher 
shook  Ills  hand  lieartiiy  as  he  taid— 

"  You  are  right,  aud  we  honor  your  de- 
cision, though  regielting  deeply  you  can- 
net  be  witli  us;"  sosajing  ihey  drove 
off  with  lather  tad  counteuauces,  while 
young  Hayseed  returned  to  the  field  and 
took  up  ploughing  again. 

There  wa«  a  loud  wail  in  the  school 
when  the  boys  saw  the  committee  return 
witi.oui  Hal  Hayseed,  and  the  exclama- 
tion went  up — '  What  shall  we  do !" 

Hal,  too,  felt  grievously  disappointed 
that  he  was  necessitated  to  eiay  on  the 
farm,  yet  he  felt  he  was  doing  bis  duty 
and  stuck  manfully  to  his  vvorg,  planted 
aud  cultivaied  his  litile  crop  of  corn  ihor- 
ougbly,  and  it  beiiig  a  good  season,  his 
heart  was  made  glad  ulien  at  laot  he  saw 
the  crop  sately  boused,  and  was  compli- 
meuted  by  bis  neighuors  od  his  success; 
and  his  satisfaction  was  still  greater  as  he 
saw  the  ueaui  of  j^iy  and  gratitude  upon 
his  old  falber's  face. 

The  autumn  days  had  come,  and  his 
work  laid  by,  aud  now  he  made  a  visit  to 
his  former  schoolmates  to  see  how  the 
foot-ball  team  was  pri  greasing. 

At  the  bight  of  Hal,  the  boys  raised  a 
great  shout  of  joy,  lor  they  had  just  re- 
ceived a  challcijge  to  a  foot  ball  contest, 
and  were  in  a  ijuandary  how  to  fill  it; 
but  at  the  sight  of  Hai'a  smiling  face  they 
felt  that  he  could  help  them  out  of  the 
difficulty. 

'■  Yes,  boys,"  replied  Hal  to  their  eager 
question,  "  the  corn  crop  is  housed,  and  I 
am  now  free  to  help  you.  My  farm  work 
has  only  served  to  harden  me  for  the 
gridiron  and  I  have  not  forgotten  how 
to  play." 

It  18  needless  to  say,  the  challenge  was 
accepted.  Hal  was  given  the  chief  posi- 
tion and  by  his  skill  and  prowess  they 
easily  won  the  game. 

Hal  Havfeed  now  received  many  enco- 
miums Irom  his  old  schoolmates,  whoad- 
mired  him  all  the  more,  not  only  for 
helping  them,  but  for  siicking  to  the 
farm  and  helping  his  old  father  first  in 
the  needi  of  the  family.  How  many 
farmers  boys  are  now  doing  the  same  ? 

Albemarle  Co.,  Va.  E.  C.  M. 

The  annual  report  of  the  Secretary  of 
Agriculture  is  one  of  the  most  interesting 
reports  ever  sent  out  from  the  depart- 
ment. It  bears  ev.dence  of  being  the 
work  of  a  man  thoroughly  competent 
and  fu  ly  conversant  with  all  the  d  tai's 
of  agricultural  life  and  deeply  imbued 
with  the  iujpo  tai'ce  of  the  application 
of  fcience  to  the  practical  wnrk  of  the 
&rm.  Every  farmer  should  send  for  a 
copy  of  the  report. 


Feed  Your  Land 

with  fertilizers  rich  in  Potash  and 
your  crop  will  crowd  your  barn. 
Sow   Potash    and   reap   dollars. 

A  Fertilizer  Without 

POTASH 

Is  Not  Complete. 

Be  good  to  your  land  and  your 
crop  will  be  good.  Plenty  of 
Potash  in  fertilizers  spells  qual- 
ity and  quantity  in  the  harvest. 

Our  Five  Free  Books 

are  a  complete  treatise  on  fer- 
tilizers, written  by  men  who 
know.  They  are  useful  to 
every  man  who  owns  a  field 
and  a  plow,  and  who  desires 
to  get  the  most  out  of  them. 
Your  name  on  a  postal  will  do. 


50 


THE  80UTHBEN  PIlOTTEB. 


[January 


FEED  MILLS. 

EVERY  MAN  HIS  OWN  MILLER. 

The  latest  improved.  Does  all 
kinds  of  work.  Mort  (durable; 
baegroun  lover  15,000 bushels 
without  repair  or  expense  The 
fastest  grinder;  has  ground  300 
busbels  In  4  hours.  Lightest 
draft  and  lowest  price.  The 
World's  Best  I  Send  for  prices 
to  the  manufacturers. 
N.M.  FIELDMFQ.  CO.,St.  Louis.Mo. 


It  Never  Ohokes 


KELLY 

DUPLEX 

GRINDING  MILL 

5  nn/del  (ur  (rHn.l.ns:  all 
m  and  unshuLkc.i  torn. 
feed  regulal'Tan.l  >,-rinds 


re.  Make^excellentmeal. 
irinds  feed  t^  any  fineneiS.  Is  nmM  substantial,  ftte  1  I„  any 
p«wer.  Irec..itiK.i;.LrviiicesvouoritssuperiorU>    ^^  r  Ic  (■  r  it. 

THE  0   S.  KELLV  CO.,  Uejl.  T    SPRINGFIELD,  UHIO. 


The  Old  Reliable  Aotl-Frictioo,  F»ur-Burr 

MOGUL  MILLS. 

No  gearing,  no  friction. 
Tboaiiands  in  use.  Four- 
horse  mill  grlnda  60  to  80 
buB.  perboor.  W'emakea 
full  line  of  Feed  Mills  best 
ever  sold.  Including  the  fa- 
raouR  Iowa  grinder  Xo.  2. 
for?l'2.5C.  Send  for  free  cat. 

Manufactured  and  .sold  by  the 
Iowa  Grinder  and  Steamer  Works,  Waterloo,  Iowa 


PRENCH  BURR  and 


ATTRITION  MILLS 

prind  com  cobs   and  all 


r  p-Alo-      Mftk* 


y    PRENC 

^^IBIBBII^     Fifteen  Days  Free 
SPHOTT,  W.^LDROX  A-  CO..  Boi  30  MnncT,Pa 


TRY  IT 'VoT  BUY  IT 

»iB  (rtader  k«1«  and  u« 

rliitel   to  Itt    TM    pT<TT«   tt. 

D^Tf6'S 

f    M-^^       TiHpl*  Ovarrd  RaU  Bearing 


dtjr.  easiest  roii&er,  doo't  kaep 
♦i^J>ITTO^o^*^ollet|rjV 


ENGINES,  BOILERS 
AND  MACHINEnY. 

^Vhea  j«u  wantg(K>d  rebuilt  mfr 
chlaeiry  At  b&rgfUjl  prlce«,  wrlto  tor 
our  Catalogue.  No.  166  We  cinj 
all  UDOfl  oi  eaeloed  (K4UI,  irajK>leiM 
and  0teaiD  yower).  bollerv,  ptuupa, 
and  mm  eappUee  In  ffttnerml. 
CHIOIOO  HOUSE  WRKCKINOOa 

Wcat  Stth  and  boa  f  ta_  Cblcac*. 


WITH  THE  ADVERTISERS. 
This  issue  contains  the  advertisements 
of  the  leading  business  tirins  of  the  coun- 
try, and  we  bespeak  for  them  the  liberal 
patronage  of  our  readers. 

The  Lenox  Sprayer  and  Chemical  Co., 
of  Pittstield,  Mass.,  are  advertising  their 
well  known  Bordeaux  Mixture  and  Spray- 
ers for  applying  same,  in  this  issue. 

The  famous  Elk  Garden  herd  of  Short- 
horns is  oflered  by  Mr.  H.C.Stuart.  Spl  n- 
did  chance  for  some  good  Shorthorn 
blood. 

Polled  Durhams  are  advertised  else- 
where in  this  issue  by  Mr.  J.  L.  Hum- 
bert, University  of  V'a. 

Look  up  the  advertisement  of  the  Bu- 
cher  &  Gibbs  Plow  Co.  Their  Imperial 
Plows  are  already  well  known  to  num- 
bers of  our  readers. 

Oak  Ridge  Farm  is  offering  some  nice 
Red  Polls,  at  right  prices. 

The  Miller  Manure  Spreader  is  offered 
by  the  Newark  Machine  Co.,  of  Newark, 
Ohio.  Send  for  circulars  and  prices  of 
this  labor-saver. 

Messrs.  C.  M.  Armes  &  Co.  are  adver- 
tising an  excellent  old  Virginia  planta- 
tion in  this  issue. 

Baker's  Jack  Farm  has  150  Jacks  and 
Jennets  for  sale. 

Spectacles,  Optical  Goods  and  Cameras 
are  advertised  bv  the  3.  Galeski  Optical 
Co.,  of  Kichmond,  Va. 

Messrs.  J.  M.  Thorburn  &  Co.,  Seeds- 
men, New  York,  would  like  to  mail  their 
102nd  Annual  Catalogue  to  our  readers. 
Look  up  the  advertisement. 

Mammoth  Bronze  Turkeys  crossed  on 
Wild  Turkeys  are  advertised  by  Mrs  J.  J. 
Franklin. 

The  Merchants  National  Bank  of  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  makes  a  splendid  showing  in 
its  annual  statement  published  elsewhere 
in  this  number. 

The  Iowa  Grinder  and  Stea-ner  Works 
are  new  advertisers  in  this  issue.  They 
have  a  good  feed  mill,  about  which  they 
would  like  to  inform  our  readers. 

C  C.  Clarke  &  Co.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  offer 
buggies,  etc.,  in  another  column. 

Knight  &  Jetton,  Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 
offer  Jacks  and  Jennets  in  another  col 
umn. 

The  Biltmore  Farms  advertise  their 
annual  Brond  Sow  sale  in  this  istue 
Look  up  the  advertisement  and  write  for 
a  catalogue. 

Mohland  &  Co..  Burlington,  la.,  are  ad- 
vertising Stump  Pullers  in  this  number. 
The  Ohio  Carriage  Mfg.  Co.,  Cincinnati 
Ohio,  bpgin  the  season's  advertising  with 
a  card  in  another  ('olumn. 

Biltmore  Standard  Poultry  is  offered  in 
a  half-page  advertisement  on  another 
page. 

The  Sydnor  Pump  and  Well  Co.,  Rich 
mond,  Va.,  are  new  advertisers  in  this 
issue.  Gasoline  Engines  are  prominent 
in  this  month's  advertisement. 

A  splendid  Weeder  is  advertised  by 
the  Keystone  Farm  Machine  Co.,  York, 
Penna. 

The  Roderick  Lean  M'fg  Co.,  of  Mans- 
field, Ohio,.are  advertising  the  celebrated 


THE 


LANSINQ"   PERFECT 
l.UBULAR   SILO 


IS  THE    BEST  SILO  MADE. 


A.  M.  D.  HOLLOWAY, 

Builders'  Exchange.  Phila..  Pa.,  U.  S.  A. 

Write  for  Cat.alogue  and  price. 


Made 
since 
1868 


FARIVI 

Implements 


Made  l>y  experi 
enced  workmen  ol 
special  material. 
Acknowledged  by  farmcro  ^a^.c!iui  toall 
others.  sOLD  ON  THEIR  MERITS. 
Spike  Tooth  Harrows.  Spring  Tooth 
Harrows.  Disc  Harrows. 
Land  Rollers.  Hand  Carls. 
Writ*  for 

catalogue. 
RODERICK 
LEAN  MFG. 
COMPANY. 
Mansfield,  0. 
Wheels  or  Shoes  on  '^ear. 


WANTED  TO  RENT 

A  2  OR  3  HORSE-POWER 

GASOLINE  ENGINE. 

Want  It  for  1  or  2  years,  with  privilege  o 
buying.    Musi  be  as  good  as  new. 
Adilre.ss    jf,jo   ^   MARTIN  Qreeowood,  Va, 


*ND  SHEEP  PELT«  TO 

mcMILLAN  FUR  &  WOOL  CO.. 

,  Minneapolis,  Minn.  ^^      , 

IWRire    FOR    CIRCUL'WRS 


Dlllf   CIIDC     Write  for  free  price-list. 

nnif    r UnOi      Head   F^B  AND   WOOL,, 

only  paper  of  Its  kind  lo  the  world. 

Copy  free, 

3.  B.  UANLOVE,  ^  pushneU,  lU 


W03.J 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


51 


BARREN 
COWS 


Cows  That  Will  Not 
Get  With  Calf. 


About  one  cow  in  ten  is  barren.  Usually  large 
milkers  have  this  trouble.  The  common  cause 
is  a  weakness  of  the  private  organs,  making  the 
animal  either  refuse  to  mate  at  the  regular  time, 
or.  if  she  will  mate,  the  desired  result  will  not  be 
obtained.  The  loss  from  one  barren  cow  will  eat 
up  the  profit  of  at  least  five  paying  ones.  For 
this  trouble  we  recommend 

Kow  -  Ku  re 

FOR  COWS  ONLY 

Thousands  of  barren  cows  have  been  made  to 
breed  by  the  use  of  this  great  cow  medicine. 

Hadley.  Pa.,  Dec.  13.  1900. 
Dairy  Association: 

Gentlemen:— \  had  a  cow.  the  best  one  on  the 
farm,  which  I  could  not  get  with  calf.  I  fed  one 
box  of  Kow-Kure  and  she  caught  the  first  time  I 
drove  her.  Yours,        A.  E-  McDowell. 


Kow-K,ure  is  in  powder  form,  to  be  given  in  regular 
feed.  It  cures  abortion,  barrenness  and  scours,  re- 
moves retained  afterbirth  and  caked  udder,  strengthens 
the  appptite,  purifies  the  blood,  vitalizes  the  nerves, 
and  prevents  disease.  It  increases  the  milk.  Itisa 
medicine  for  cows  only,  made  by  the  Dairy  Associa- 
tion, LyndonviUc,  Vt.    Price  50  cents  and  #1.00, 


The  RICHMOND,  FREDERICKSBURG 

and  POTOMAC  R.  R. 
and  WASHINGTON  SOUTHERN  R'Y 

Form  the  Link  connecting  the 
AtlanUc  Cost  Line  R.  R., 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  R.  R., 
Chesapeake  and  Ohio  R'y. 
Pennsylvania  R.  R., 
Seaboard  Air  Line  R'y 
and  Southern  R'y. 
Between  all  points,  via  Richmond,  Va. 

Fast  Mall,  Passenge-  ar  d  Express  Route  be- 
tween Richmond,  Fredericksburg.  Alexan- 
dria, Washington,  Baltimore.  Philadelphia, 
New  York,  Boston,  Pittsburg,  Buffalo  and  All 
Points  North,  East  and  West. 

W   P.  TAYLOR,  Traffic  Manager,  Rlchmsnd.  Va 


r,pan  Harrows  and  Roller  in  another  col- 
umn. 

The  Prairie  State  Incubator ,wel!  known 
to  many  of  our  readers,  is  offered  by  its 
makers  in  this  number. 

Nursery  Stock,  Sirawberv  Plants,  etc., 
are  advertised  by  W.  T.  Hood  &  Co.  W. 
F.  Allen,  Franklin  Davis  Nursery  Co.,  H. 
Lightfoot  and  others.  Get  catalogues  be- 
fore making  up  your  list. 

The  Eureka  Mo*er  Co.,  Utica,  N.  Y., 
advertisfs  a  81  lendid  line  of  implements 
in  another  column.  Look  up  the  adver- 
tisement and  write  for  prices  on  what 
you  need. 

The  Davidson  Harrow  Co.,  Utica,  N.  Y., 
which  is  among  the  largest  makers  of 
Harrows  in  the  world,  has  an  advertise- 
ment in  this  issue. 

Yager  s  Sarsaparilla  with  Celery  is  ad- 
vertised as  usual  in  this  issue.  Ask  your 
druggist  for  a  trial  bottle. 

The  J.  A.  Salzer  Seed  C  J.,  La  Crosse, 
Wis.,  starts  the  season's  advertising  with 
an  advertisement  in  this  number. 

Look  up  the  ad  vertisement  of  the  Stand- 
ird  F.  O.  Incubator  in  this  issue. 

Morrill  &  Morley,  Benton  Harbor, 
Mich.,  make  the  Eclipse  Spray  Pumps, 
and  are  advertising  them  elsewhere  in 
this  issue.  It  is  interesting,  and  it  gives 
one  confidence  in  their  goods  to  know 
that  this  firm  were  originally,  as  they 
still  are,  one  of  the  largest  growers  of 
fruit  in  this  famous  section,  and  in  using 
the  b»st  spraying  apparatus  obtainable  at 
that  time,  f  lund  all  open  to  objection  as 
not  d  ing  perfect  work.  Ttiey  tet  to  work 
and  made  a  machine  alter  their  own 
ideas,  which  gave  such  satisf;iction  that 
neighboring  growers  insisted  on  dupli- 
cate outfits.  Ai  tual  test  by  the  most 
practical  people  in  tlie  country  has  de 
velnped  a  high  degree  of  ediciency  inthe 
Kclipse,  and  has  made  its  makers  one  of 
the  largest  manufsicturers  of  spraying 
machinery  in  the  country. 

Write  for  their  catalogue,  which  em- 
bodies valuable  information  about  spray- 
ing, and  mention  seeing  advertisement  in 
this  journal. 

FOR  BIG  HITCHES. 
The  Reliable  Incubator  continues  year 
after  year  to  lead  the  world  iu  sales,  both 
in  this  country  and  abroad.  It  has  lony 
ago  proved  its  worth.  Experiencfd  poul- 
tryraen  know  exactly  what  they  can 
count  upon  when  they  start  it;  they  run 
no  risks.  The  Reliable  is  built  by  prac- 
tical pouUrymen  who  devote  all  their 
time  and  energy  to  the  poultry  and  incu- 
bator business  and  keep  constantly  i  no - 
proving  their  product.  The  long  years  of 
experience  which  they  have  had  is  worth 
thousands  of  dollars  to  poultry  raisers 
A  pari  of  this  experience  is  iiuorporated 
in  the  new  catalogue  they  have  just 
ifsue<l,  and  we  know  that  every  one  of 
our  readers  will  find  it  of  great  interest 
and  practical  value.  D,3n't  fail  to  send 
for  a  copy,  enclosina  10  cents  for  postiige. 
Address,  Reliable  Incubatorand  Brooder 
Co.,  Quincy,  111. 

Mention  the  Southern  Plar.ter  when  cor- 
responding with  advertisers. 


Warranted 

give  satisfaction. 


GOMBALLT'S 

CAISTIC  BALSAM 


A  safe,  speedy 
positive    cure 


for 


Curb,  Splint,  Sweeny,  Capped  Hock, 
Strained  Tendons,  Founder,  Wind  Puffs, 
and  all  lameness  from  Spavin,  Ringbone 
and  other  bony  tumors.  Cures  all  skin 
diseases  or  Parasites,  Thrush,  Diphtheria. 
Removes  all  Bunches  from  Horses  or 
Cattle. 

As  1  '^  ^ 


Every  bottle  of  Cauatlc  ISalsnia  sold  is 
Warranted  to  pire  satisfaction.  Price  91. SO 
per  bottle.  Sold  by  dru(?^sts,  or  sent  by  ex- 
press, charges  paid,  with  full  directions  for  its 
use.  Send  for  descriptive  circulars,  testimo- 
nials, etc.  Address 
TEB  LlWRBNCE-WIllIiKSCOMPAm.CleTeland,  Oliio. 


foutzs 

HORSE 

.     -AND 

CATTLE 
POWDER 


DAVIDt.FOUTZ 

:BALTrMdR£,Mt). 


medicine  which  makes 
Tials  weU.  the  diseased 
whole,  the  weak  strong  and  the 
thin  fat.  It  wiU  restore  lost  Appetite, 
expel  Wotms  and  care  Chronic  Cough, 
Heaves,  Influenza,  Distemper,  Hide- 
l  bound,  Indigestion,  Constipation,  Flat- 
k  ulency  and  all   Stomach  and   Bowel 


Fistula  and 
Poll  Evil  . 


lou  can 
treat  these 
d  i  seawes 
y  o  li  r  s  e  1  f 
and  cure  thein  in  1.5  to  .SO  dayf .  FlPm- 
Ing's  h'istulnand  Holl  Evil  Cure  is  easy 
In  apply,  peif'ctly  safe  \n  use,  and 
vonr  money  is  promptly  refunded  if  it 
slioiiUi  ever  fall  to  cure. 

Interesting  Booklets  Free. 
We  have  two  booklet-i  to  send  you. 
Oue  tells  about  FIMula,  Poll  Evil, 
Spavin.  Ringbone,  Cnrb,  Splint,  Knee- 
Sprung,  T,nnip.Iaw.  etc.,  with  instruo- 
tlf>ns  how  to  fure  Ihena. 

The  oilier  proves  that  you  can  cure 
them.        Write  1o  day. 

FLE  ■  INO  BHOS.,  Chemists. 
22  Union  Stock  Yards.     -     Chicaeo.  HI. 


J  Tor  irinl 

^ti  troubiea 

ng  rtfoamriidB.    $1  pel 

IJealera,  mall  or  Bz.pald 

AewtoD  Horw  kBe^r  C« 
I  T  >  ToUdo.  OhU 


52 


THE  80TJTHERN  PLAJfrTKR. 


[January 


FOR  SALE  CHEAP. 


4 1 0  ACRES  or  tbe  finest  land  in  the  Stale  n' 
VIrEliila.  lying  four  miles  north  of  the  City  of 
Rfjaiioke.  In  the  very  best  sectlou  of  Roanoke 
county.  Ihl8  lau'i  has  been  wotked  a  little 
bard,  but  could  easily  be  brought  ba'^k  to  Us 
oncehlKB  siaK-ofculiivatloM.  Itsold  before  tbe 
Civil  War,  without  any  bul  dings  for  $100  per 
a  re.  There  Is  upon  It  an  old  favhloned  Vir- 
ginia Mans  on  (brick),  with  leu  rooms,  which 
cost  the  owner  wheu  bu  it,  some  thirty  years 
ago,  rJOOO  .  The  dwelling  Is  filthily  out  of 
repair,  but  a  few  hundred  dollars  «|ent  would 
make  1'  one  of  tiie  flnCKt  farm  houses  in  tlie 
stale  of  Virginia-  In  fact,  e(iual  lo  most  citv 
mansions.  <jood  bam,  and  all  necessary  out- 
buildings. The  land  Is  all  level  and  In  falrlv 
good  Ilx,  good  orchard,  and  a  well  of  water  as 
cold  as  Ice  at  the  lack  d.  or.  With  a  couple  of 
thousand  dollars  si  ent  on  this  plnce,  it  can  be 
made  one  of  the  finest  farms  In  ihe  Slate  of 
Virginia.  Owing  t  .  the  fact  that  It  must  be 
sold  In  order  tow  ud  up  an  estate,  it  is  oll'cred 
at  the  remarkably  low  price  of  IIS.OOO. 

Terms:  One-third  cash,  balance  in  one  and 
two  years  Possibly  easier  terms  can  be  ar- 
r<inged.  Any  one  wanting  an  ideal  old  Vir- 
ginia country  home  will  buy  this  property 
If  they  once  see  It,  Writ«  us  or  come  and  let 
us  show  you  this  property. 

If  you  have  any  real  estate  for  sale,  no  mat- 
ter where  located,  send  us  d-scription  and 
price.  We  can  sell  It.  If  you  want  to  buy 
real  estate  anywhere  In  the  Uulled  States, 
wrile  us.     Youi  wants  will  ue  supplied. 

No  119.   CH.\S.  M.  .ARMES  &  CO., 
So.  213  Jefferson  Street,    -    lioanoke,  Va. 

HOMES*""""""" 


FIND  THEM.^^ 

No  plate  in  the  United  States  can  a  mat 
do  BO  well  at  farming,  for  tbe  money  in- 
vested, as  in  Virginia.  Lands  are  cheap  ; 
climate  good,  and  the  beet  of  markets 
close  at  hand.  It  is  the  State  of  all 
others,  for  a  comfortable  all  the  yeai 
round  home.  The  James  River  Valley 
Colonization  and  Improvement  Company 
offer  superior  advantages  to  land  pur 
chaaers.  For  free  36  page  land  pamphlet, 
address 

W.  A.  PARSONS,        Vlnlta,  Va. 


To  HOMESEEKERS. 

"THE  BUSINESS  OF  FARMING 
IN  VIRGINIA" 

Is  the  title  of  a  new  pamphlet  Issued  by  the 
Norfolk  and  Western  Railway  Company  We 
will  gladly  mall  you  a  copy. 

W.  B   BEVILL,        PAULSCHERER,  Agl  , 

G.P.  A,  Landt  and  Immigration, 

Roanoke,  Va. 


**GOOLXJlMCUr" 

STOCK  AND  DAIRY  FARM  FOR  SALE. 

Large  house;  liio  acres  land  »ell  watered 
and  wooded,  wood  enough  to  bring  the  price 
aaken  for  the  place.  1  mile  'roni  ihe  growing 
manufacturing  lown  of  Henderson    N   C 

Price,  83  .TOO.  One-half  cash,  balance  In  I  and 
2  years.     Will  sell  cows  wlih  dairy  If  desired. 

Reasons  for  selling,  can't  looknfiemiv  office 


and  dairy 


Dr.  C   G  TAYLOR.  Henderson,  N  C. 


/  CajdJ^ell  Your  Farm 

BO  maner   *liCTe  it  U.     Send  dosLtirti.m,    state  pric#   ud 
imnho-      E»t.-,«.    Hletotrefcnics.    Office  ir,4  cldS: 

W.  M.  OtUander.iijggN,  a.  Bide.,  FhiUdclpbla 


MAGAZINES. 

The  "New  Year"  number  of  Lippin 
cott's  Magazine  is  a  veritable  mine  of 
good  fiction,  containing  a  whole  novel 
and  nine  short  otories,  besides  several 
papers  of  timely  interest,  some  choice 
verse,  and  fun  galore  in  the  department 
called  "Walnuts  and  Wine." 

Tbe  novel  is  "The  New  Ileloise,"  by 
Mrs.  Si-buyler  Crowninshield.  In  this 
there  is  new  eviiience  that  "Love  Laughs 
at  Locksmiths'  and  stone  walls— even 
those  of  a  French  convent  There  is  a 
yuuiig  probationer  behind  these  walls 
seeking  refuge  in  priestly  garb  from  a  dis- 
tasteful marriage  arranged  by  a  too  zeal- 
ous siepmother.  But  he  is  not  destined  for 
such  a  life,  and  Love  is  waiting  for  him 
in  the  form  it  as  charming  a  French 
girl  as  can  be  imagined.  A  candidate  is 
lost  to  celibacy  and  happiness  reigns 
supreme. 

Edgar  Fawcetc's  story,  "The  Kesurrec- 
tion  of  Edith,"  is  an  absolutely  novel 
plot,  both  weird  and  fascinating.  There 
are  two  Western  tales ;  one  by  E  Bolt 
wood  called 'A  Bivouac  de  Luxe,"  and 
one  by  H.  Giovannoli  called  "A  Bull 
Mountain  Pastoral."  Both  of  them  are 
so  good  it  is  difficult  to  pick  the  winner. 
Albert  Payson  Terhune  contributes  what 
may  be  considered  his  best  effort,  and 
his  is  a  name  well  known  in  the  sfory- 
wriiing  worlii.  It  is  entitled  "The  Man 
With  the  Shoulders."  "Judith  in  Mack- 
ford's  Entry,"  by  Grace  Rhys  (wife  of 
the  English  novelist,  Ernest  Khys),  is  a 
pathetic  story  of  a  pretty  Irish  girl  who 
was  induced  to  go  to  London  to  better 
herself,  and  who  was  lured  into  the  dis 
reputable  "Mackford's  Entry.''  Ina  Bre- 
voort  Roberts,  tl.e  author  of  that  popular 
novel  published  in  Lippincott's  entitled 
"The  Lifting  of  a  Finger,"  contributes  a 
delightful  tale  entitled  "The  Decision," 
W.  A.  Fraser's  story,  "The  Hesurrection 
of  P.  I.  G.,"  is  both  humorous  and  earn- 
est. "A  Stolen  Day,"  by  Harriet  Clay 
Penman,  is  about  a  day's  journey  on  the 
cars,  with  a  phyeicological  touch  which 
is  charming.  Bernice  C.  Caughey  con- 
tributes an  attractive  sketch  called  "A 
Fair  Fee,"  in  which  a  man  shows  how 
clever  he  can  be  to  win  the  girl  he  loves. 

'The  proper  ripening  and  maturing  of 
whiskey  depends  on  the  care  and  method 
of  storage.  The  warehouses  of  the  Hay- 
ner  Distilling  Company  are  of  the  most 
modern  and  improved  style,  constructed 
entirely  of  brick  and  steel,  and  etjuipped 
with  the  hot  air  system  of  heating  and 
ventilating,  which  keeps  the  whiskey  at 
a  uniform  temperature  the  year  round. 
As  a  result,  their  7-year  old  is  as  fully 
developed  as  14  year-old  aged  in  the  or- 
dinary old-fashioned  way,  and  it's  better, 
too,  for  an  uneven  temperature  of  ex- 
treme heat  and  cold  destroys  the  qualitv 
and  flavor. 

During  the  entire  process  of  manufac- 
ture, and  from  the  time  it  is  stored  in 
barrels  in  their  warehouses,  until  seven 
years  later,  it  is  bottled  and  shipped, 
Hayner  Whiskey  is  under  the  watchful 
care  of  ten  of  Uncle  Sam's  tiovernment 
officials.  It  goes  direct  from  their  distil- 
lery to  you,  with  all  its  original  richness 
and  flavor,  carries  a  United  States  Regis- 
tered DiBtiller's  Guarantee  of  Parity  and 


PLANTATION  For  Sale. 

If  any  person  desires  to  purchase  a 
splendid  James  River  Piantitlon  con- 
sisting of  1  000  acies  of  the  best  land  In 
the  State,  togethtr  with  all  stock,  im- 
plements, grain,  et  •.,  I  ofl-r  mine  at 
»20.tlO0  Afier  y.iu  see  It,  and  have  par- 
ticulars, you  will  agree  it  Is  cheap  at 
Ihls  figure.  Address 
"PLANTATION.-  ca'e  Soul-e'n  Planter  Office 


WE  HAVE  A  LARGE  LIST  OF 

FRUIT,  POULTRY  and  TRUCK  FIRMS. 

Ten,  Klfty  and  One  Hundred  Acres  each,  with 
good  buildings,  close  to  steam  and  tiolley 

lines,  easy  ace  s>  to  the  city.     Also 

GRAIN    AND    STOCK   FARMS 

From  100  to  1  OOii  acres  at  low  prices,  all  the 

way  from  ib  to  »,50  per  acre.    Write  for 

Catalogue. 

THE  VIRGINIA  LAND  AGENCY.  Richmond,    a 

J.  R.  HOCK.4DAY,  Manager. 


"PIEDMONT  ft^pllcf?' 

Good  land,  climate,  markets,  shipping  fa- 
cilities, churches,  nchools,  good  health,  mode- 
rate prices,  eas.v  terms. 
MACON  &  CO.,  Orange,  V«, 


riNT  PiRMQ  'i^  ">«  K<'^t  fruit  grain  anO 
I  inL    rHnmO  stocksectlon  of  VIHOmiA. 

Best  climate  and  water  In  the  LT.  S.  Near 
great  markets,  with  best  educational  advan- 
tages.    For  further  Information,  address 

ALBEM.\RLE  IMMIGRATION  CX)., 
Sam'l  B.  Woods,  Pres.       Charlottesville,  Va. 


Virginia  Farms 

\11  prices  and  sizes.     Free  list  on  application. 
WM.  B.   PIZZIHI  CO.,  Richmond,  «a. 


VIRGINIA  FARMS 

$3  PER  ACRE  AND   UPWARDS. 

Easy   Payments-     Catalogue   FRrc. 

-JEO.  E.  CRAWFORD  &  CO.,  Richmond.  Vt. 

Established  ll$75. 


IFYOU  WISH  TO  SELL 

OR    BUY 

VIRCmiA  LANDS 

Communicate  with  us.    Write  for  free 
"  Virginia   Real  Estate  Journal,'  con- 
taining many  splendid  bargalLS. 
R    B.  CHA»F1N  &  CO..  Inc., 

No.  I  N.  lOih  St.,  Richmond,  Va 

"Crop  Growing 
#  Crop  Feeding" 

BY  Prof.  W.  f.  masscv. 
383  Pp.      Cloth,  St. 00;  Paper,  60c. 

We  otier  this  splendid  work  in  conneo- 

tlOD   with   the  Southern    Plantar 

at  the  folllowlng  prices: 

Southain  Planter  tnd  Cloth 

Bound  Volume,  $).2B 
Southern  Planter  and  Paper 

Bound  Volume,  9Bc. 
Old  or  new  aubaciipUona. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEBN  PLAHTTEB. 


5S 


LEGHORN  POULTRY  YARDS 


Have  lur  .-alt- a  (Miiui;ii  mnuner  of  Single 
Comb  Brown  aud  Wliite  Leghorn  Pullets  and 
Roosters.  Be.-it  layers  known.  Prize  winning 
stock,  -rire,  *1.00to«l..')0eaeli.  Eggs  In  .season 
at  $1.00  for  Hi ;  8.5  00  per  100  Satisfaction  guar- 
anteed.   Addre-s 

A   T    MATTHEWS,  Box  36,  Parksley.  Va. 

HOLLYBROOri  FARM 

Has  for  sale  a  few  Extra  Fine  Cockerels  of 

Barred  Plymouth  Rocks, 
White  and  Silver- Laced  Wyandottes, 
Light  Brahmas, 

All  vigorous,  thoroughbred  stock. 

Write  for  f-rices. 

HENRY  W.  WOOD. 

HoHvbrook  Farm.  Richmond,  Va 


SILVER  LACED 

WYiNSOTHS 

Choice  pnrenredspec- 

imensoff-itl  erex.Sl 

each,  inany  quantity. 

Kggs  In  season. 

Dr.  H    H.  LEE, 

Lexington,  Va 


SRECiAL  SALE. 

National  Strain, 

M.  BRONZe  TURKEYS. 

Descendants  of  prize  winners.  Hold  in 
pairs  or  trios.  Lar^  e,  beautiful  birds, 
at  exceedingly  low  price**.  The  first 
orders  will  gi-t  pick  of  iaige  fluck. 

Correspondence  solicited. 
PIEDMONT  POULTRY  PLACE, 
Miss  E.  Cat  le  Gdes.  Prop.,   Whittle's  Depot,  Va. 


FOR  SALE 

7  Each  pure  bred 

SILVER-LAGED  WYANDOTTE 

COCKS  and  PULLETS 

At  $1  00  Apiec-. 
a.  F.  COX,     -      Irwio.  Qoochland  County,  Va. 

MAMM3THBR0iZE  TURKEYS 

FOR.  sa,1j.e:. 

Apply  to        R.  E.  CREE,  Crozet,  Va. 


Age,  and  saves  you  the  enormous  profits 
of  the  dealers.  Read  the  Hayner  Com 
pany's  offer  elsewhere  in  this  journal. 

CAT.iLOGUES. 

T.  \V  Wood  &  Sons,  Seedsmen,  Rich- 
m)nd,  Va.  This  old  firm,  which  con- 
ducts the  largest  seed  business  in  the 
South,  has  issued  one  of  the  finest  seed 
calalonues  which  it  has  ever  got  out.  It 
is  replete  with  iuformation  of  the  great 
est  value  to  every  farmer,  trucker  and 
gardener,  and  will  be  tent  free  to  all 
who  apply  for  it. 

Prairie  State  Incubator  Co.,  Homer 
City,  Pa.  This  company  has  issued  the 
finest  catalogue  we  have  ever  seen  got 
ten  out  liy  an  incubator  company.  It  is 
beautifully  illustrated  and  got  up  in  the 
finest  style.  It  is  really  a  work  of  art. 
All  who  desire  information  on  incubators 
should  send  for  it. 

McCormick  Division  International  Har- 
vester Co.  of  America,  Chicago,  111.,  are 
sending  out  a  beautifully  executed 
pamphlet  descriptive  of  their  well-known 
machines.  Farmt-rs  should  send  for  this. 
Every  detail  of  the  machines  is  fully  de 
scribed  and  illustrated. 

The  Stover  Manufacturing  Co.,  Free- 
port,  III.,  send  out  a  fine  catalogue  of 
their  well  known  grinding  mills,  of  which 
they  make  the  largest  and  most  com- 
plete line  of  any  company. 

Aspinwall  Manufacturing  Co.,  Jackson, 
Mich.  Catalogue  of  potato  machinery. 
Every  potato  grower  should  see  this  cat- 
alogue. 

•John  Lightfoot,  Sherman  Heights, 
Tenn.    Catalogue  of  strawberry  plants. 

We  beg  to  acknowledge,  with  thanks, 
the  receipt  of  a  copy  of  the  Congressional 
Directory  from  Senator  Mar,  in. 

The  International  Slock  Food  Com- 
pany, Minneapolis,  Minn.,  inform  us 
that  they  have  j  ist  purchased  for  $60,000, 
the  chAinpion  harness  horse  of  the 
world,  D.iU  Patch,  l:fi9i  His  perma 
nent  home  will  be  the  IneiTiational 
Slock  Food  Farm,  near  Minneapolis, 
where  his  owners  have  built  the  finest 
barns  and  stables  on  any  farm  in  the 
country.  These  stables  follow  lines 
which  we  have  frequently  suggested  in 
these  columns.  They  are  practically  de 
tached  from  the  barn  and  only  one  story 
in  height  and  lighted  from  both  sides. 

Ignis  Fatuus  ?  A  problem  in  Fuel,  sub- 
mitted by  Edward  Atkinson.  Ph.  D. 

In  this  little  pamphlet  Mr.  Atkinson 
suggests  the  possibility  of  the  farmers 
beating  the  coal  barons  in  supplying  the 
fuel  needed  to  keep  the  people  warm  and 
the  wheels  of  industry  revolving  by  so 
preparing  corn  ttalks  as  to  make  them  a 
feasible  fuel.  As  the  result  of  an  exam- 
ination by  an  expert,  it  is  found  that  '20 
tons  of  Corn  stalks  and  fodder  is  equiva- 
lent to  about  14  tons  of  good  coal.  The 
problem  is  now  to  put  this  into  good 
hape  for  handling  on  the  market. 


Reg.  HAMPSHIREDOWN  SHEEP 

Of  the  best  breeding.    One  lamb  weighed 
14.5  lbs.  at  5  luos.  old.    PrI  ;es  right. 

SLATE  TURKEYS 

Are  the  most  domeslic,  US  per  pair. 

BUFF  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS, 

81  each. 
J.  D.  THOMAS,       -      Round  Hill,  Va. 


WHTTF  ^^^"^u"'""  ^ocKs, 


HOLLAND  TURKEYS 

Fine  strains  and  beautiful  birds.  Will 
be  sold  at  reasonable  prices.  Farm 
bred  birds  and  very  healthy;  six 
months  old.  A  few  Setter  puppies  a 
month  old.  For  pricesa  nd  particulars 
apply 
JOHN  A.  CLARK,  -  SHIRLEY,  VA. 
THE  IMP.  FRUIT  AND  POULTRY  FARM 

OFFERS 

200  B.  P.  ROCK  ind  S.  G.  B.  LEGHORN 
COCKERELS  and  PULLETS 

At  only  tl  each.    This  »tock  is  pure, 

aod  win  please. 

P    H    HEYDENREICH,  Prop  ,       Staunton,  V«. 


BROWN  LEGHORNS 

(Single  Comb  ) 

Some  fine,  vigorous,  cockerels  atJil.OO  each. 
6  firnts  at  Richmond  Show,  Nov.  2J-2U,  1902. 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS 

R.  W.  HAW,  Jr.,    -    Centralia,Va. 
BARt^EDand  BUFF 

PLYMOUTH  ROCKS 

Cocks  and  Cockerels,  81  ..tO  aud  $1.00  each, 

trios,  8.5.00. 

FRED  NUSSEY,     -     Summit.  Spotsylvania  Co,  Va. 


WHI    t  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS, 

75  cents  each. 

M.    B.   TURKEYS, 

$S.OO  per  pair. 

BERKSHIRE   PICS. 

$5.00  each. 
W    F.  FLANA9AN.  -  Chrii'iansburg  Va. 

PLYMOUTH  ROCK  EGGS 
FOR  BROILERS. 

The  unnersigued  can  furnish  them  In 

liuiited  quantities  at  8J  for  100. 

F.  O.  B.  at  Claremont,  Va. 

J.   M.   HUGHES,    Claremont,  Surry  Co..  Va. 

MAMMOTH  BRONZE  TURKEYS 

CHOSSED  WITH 

WILD  TURKEYS. 

FOR   SALE    BY 

Mrs.  J.  J.  KRAXKLIX,  -  Pamplin  City.  Va. 

M.  B  TURKEYS.  86, 50  a  trio. 

Pt  KIN  DUCKS  « I. .50  per  pair. 

S.  C.  B.  LEQMORN  CHICKENS. 

Address 

Mils  CLARA  L.  SMITH,  Croxtoi,  Cirollne  Co.,  Va. 

Pure  Bred  Bronze  Turkeys 

For  sale.  Some  from  the  prize-winning  stuck 
of  Madison  Square  Ganieu  show  1902  Price 
Cocks,  $3.00;  Hens,  2..50;  Pairs,  $5.00. 

Mrs.  WM.  S.  WOODS,  Ivy  Depo     Va. 


FORStU 


54 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


Jannary 


Lion  Coffee 

is  1 6  ounces  of  pure 
coffee  to  the  pound. 
Coated  Coffees  are 

only  about  14  ounces 
of  coffee  and  two 
ounces  of  eggs, 
glue,  etc.,  of  no 
value  to  you,  but 
money  in  thepocket 
I  of    the     roaster. 

MAleU  (.Kckftr*  >ni'jret  Qui- 


FaR  SALE! 

BED  POLL  CATTLE 

HIDING  and  D£iIV"ING  HORSES 

and  a  FEW  BROOD  MARES. 

SHETLA.ND  PONIE3, 

POLAND-CHINA  HOGS. 

BRONZE  TURKEYS, 

PEKIN   DUCKS. 

BARBED   PLYMOUTH    ROCKS. 

ALBEMARLE  PROLIFIC  SEED 
CORN 

Wrl'e  fi>r  prices  aid  brrediog.  No  belter 
Klock  lo  be  had  and  nolliioe  but  good  in 
dlvliKiaLs  t^hlpped. 

ARROWHEAD  STO    K  FAItM, 

Sam'l  B.  Woods.  Prop.     CharlottesvlIle.Va. 

DORSET  SHEEP 

Have  tlie  true  GoMen  Hoof,  ami 
make  Sotnliern  farmeis  more  profit 
than  any  other  stotk.  Write  the 
Secretary  of  the  Contioental  Dor- 
se* Club  for  information  and  lists 
of  breeders. 
JOS.  E.  WINO.  .Mechanicsburg.  Ohio. 

OORSETSAND 
HEREFORDS 

H.ARMSTRONG,  •  Lantz  Mills,  Va. 


■WOODLAND' 
FAR.M 


DORSETS 

We  have  an  iinuxUMlly  choice  and  sirone  lot 
or  ^.jU.VU  RAM-*  and  Hill  spare  a  KKW 
EWEs.  inouttli  we  pan  with  Iheiu  uuwiii- 
lugly.  Our  deilihiol  cusioiut-rs.  ealihfled  lus 
toiuerH.  in  the  .s„uiu  are  our  wnrn.e^t  ajv.i- 
cales.  (),ir  I'orNeiMuakc-  ns  nioie  lui.iiry  and 
give  us  more  pJeasure  lUan  any  other  Btuck 
we  have  ever  bandUtl. 

JOS.  E.  and  WILL'S  0.  WING.  Me  hanicsburg,  Ohio. 


Hftke  udSaT»BurjrwlibM 


rUA>>O.V.''VIJW  A   I 


REPORTS. 
U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash- 
ingtoD,  1).  C.     Report  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  Agriculture,  lt>02. 
Dureau  of  Animal  industry.     Circular 
3:*.    Foot  and  Mouth  Disease  Warn- 
ing  to   all  Owners  of   Cattle,    Sheep 

and  Swiue. 
Bureau  of  Chemiitry.   Bulletin  No.  70. 
M.<nufacture  of  Table   Syrups   from 
.Sujrar  Cine. 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations.    Circu- 
lar 48.      What   the    Deiiartment  of 
Agriculture  is  Doing  for  Irrigation. 
Cilice  of  Experiment  Slationg.   Exp>eri- 
meut  Station  Record,  Vol.  XIV,  >"os. 
3  and  4. 
Farmers'  EuUetin   Xo.  161.    Practical 
Suggestions  for  Fruit  Growers. 
Arizona    Experiment    Station,    Tuczon, 
Ari.    Bulletin  4-3.    Timely  Hints  for 
F.irmers. 
Coloiado  Experiment  .Station,  Fort  Col- 
lin?, Col.    Bulletin  74.     Swine  Feed- 
ing in  Colorado. 
Balletin  75.    I.Amb  Feeding  Experi- 
ments, 1900-02. 
Bulletin  7G.      Feeding  B»et   Palp  to 
Lambs. 
Louis'ana    Experiment    Station,    Baton 
Rouge,   l.a.     Bnlietin  65.     Analyses 
of  Commercial  rVrtilizers. 
Bulletin  Oil.     Sugar  Cans  Experiments 

in  Cultivation. 
BuUelin  07.      Broom    Corn— How    to 

Grow  and  Cuie  it. 
Bulletin    K.      Home-grown    vs.    Pur- 
chased Seed. 
Bulletin  G9.    Pecans. 
Bulletin  70.    Cine  Borer. 
Bulletin  71.     North  Louisiana  Experi- 
ment Station.    Ilvport  for  1901. 
Maryland  Agricultural    College,  College 
Park,  Md.    College  Qiarterly,   No- 
vember, 1902.    Short  Winter  Courses 
in  Agriculture  and  Dairying. 
Maryland    Experiment  Station,   College 
Park,  Md      Bulletin  S'i      Ttie  Influ- 
ence of  Pn-i-ervjtLves  Upon  the  Food 
Value  of  Mdk. 
Nebraska  Exp>riment  Station.  Lincoln, 
Neb.    Bulletin  75.     Fee.fing  Expen- 
ineuts  wall  CUtlle  and  I'lgs. 
New    Hampshire     Experiment    Station, 
Durham,  N.  H.    Technical  Bulletin 
No.  4.    Effect  of  Acetyline  Gaslight 
on  Plant  Growth. 
New  York  Experiment  Station,  Geneva, 
N.   Y.      A    Method    of   Combating 
Rusty  .Spot  in  Cheese. 
Bulletin   2lti.     Report  of  Analyses  of 
Commenidl  Fertilizers. 
Rhode  Island  Ex(>eriment  Station,  King- 
ston, R.  I.     Bulletin  87.     Fowl  Ty 
phoid. 

Bulletin  88.     The  Forests  of   Rhode 

Island. 
Bulletin  89.    Commercial  Fertilizers. 
University    of     Tennessee,     Knox  vi  lie, 
Tenn.    University   Record,   Agricul- 
tural Ynar-book.  ' 
Wyoming  Experiment  Station,  Laramie, 
Wyo.      Bulletin  5o.     The  Birds  of 
Wyoming. 


POTATOES 


$2.50 ; 


a.,  (.lam  I 


on-rraofSrctl  Potatoealn  .\nierl 

il  .^cir  \  ort.  r- rlve»»«l«ir«  i: 

lr>  »>le-l<l  or  T^fbo.  per«.    Prirr*  ' 

.Mi>n>B>othTrdbook>iid»nplr«r1 

Kcllr,  Alai-aroBl  V.  heat.«8ka.  prr 

loTer,  f:  .1-.  a  r- ,  -  •.  ct  I«c  t^.>t..,. 

ALZERSEEDCO.  l.«Cro..e.  WK  , 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

Now  ready  forehlptrent:  Lady  Thorapson. 

Exrelvtor.    Klondvke.    Jiihosons' 

MicbelB  Early  at  C  per  1.000. 

.\xoiiia,  Bubacb.  Gandr  and  BraDdywlnet2 

1.000.    Ca>h  wnli  order. 

Send  fir  New  Caalogne  of  40  varieties. 

H.  LIOHTFOOT,    Chattanooga,  Tenn. 


l.OOO.OOO 
CABBAGE  PLANTS  For  Sale 

Varieties:  C'harl'ston  'Wakefield.  Brill'e 
Early  rial  Dutch.  Hrice.  cash  ^.o  b.  Charles- 
ton. ll.:S  per  1.000  tl  00  per  1,000  above  5,000. 

ALSO  500.000 
6IA.\T  ARGENTKLIL  ASPARAGrS  ROOTS. 

1  and  2  years  old.  grown  exclusively  from 
iBiniried  leeds,  at  S5  00per  1  OOO 
ALFRED  JOl  ANNET.    Mount  Pieasint,  S.  C. 


Law  and  Collection  Issociation, 

Established  18&4.  Claims  collected 
in  all  parta  of  the  United  States. 
No  collection — no  charge. 

r.  0.  Box  hO'i.        905  ■,'  East  Main  Str««t, 
RirHXONn.  VIRGINIA. 


GREENSBORO.  N.C. 

Certtie  treit^eM  of  THE  LIOUOR.  O^IIM.  MORPHINE  wi4 
itr,er  Dr.g  Addictions.  Thf  ToDDacc*  Habrt.  Heni  ExhauttiM 


COLLIE  PUPS! 

By  prit»- winning  Imported  lirM  and  trailed 
dami.  Eligible,  fil  for  l>«nch.  ranch  or  finm, 
Pri**.  110.  either  avx.  Alio  a  book  on  tb«  care 
asdirmlDlngoftbeCohlerorall  pracUoal  ntaa. 
Price.  60e.  Copy  of  book  free  lo  parctuuer  of 
Oollle. 

Stock  Fmrm.  •'  .MAPLEO  .NT   ."  AJkwj,  Ver. 


FOR.  SJLJ^^:. 

SEVERAL 

HARRIER-BEAGLE  PUPPIES, 

8  loi'Ditis  old.  well  bred,  good  lookei^.  and 

jast  b.glnulng  to  bum.    For  partlcQ- 

Urs,  apply  to 

A.S.CRAVEN.     Greenwood.  VA. 


Rigisfered  l^fUlS^" 

C  Whites.  Fine  larK>- 
straius.  .\ll  ages,  mated 
not  *kln.  8  week.  pigs. 
Bred  suwk.  ."Service  boars 

and  P.juUry.  Wrllefor  pr.cesanuireecircuiar. 
F.  H>MILT0^.  Cochrauvllle,  Chester  Co..  Pa. 


Telegraphy 


Ea»y  laltlOD. 
Posiijons  secured. 
Free  Catalogue. 
T.  C.  TELEGRAPH  Sk;HOOL,  Dept.  D,  Uhrlchrllle,  0- 


!»03.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTEE. 


65 


^h 


FOR  SALE. 

1  to  «  yrs.  old.    Fine  Jacks  a 
specialty.    Write  for 
what  you  want. 
W    E.  KN16HT  Ji  CO., 

Naihvllle.Tenn 


riNE  JACKS. 

Mulfs  are  equal  to  Gold  Dollars,  from 

"  youth  to  old  age."    Several  nice  ones 

and  2  very  fine  Jeunetts  for  sale.    Buy 

Jack  now  and  get  hlra  ready  for  spring. 

Write  your  wants  to 

L.  L.  THOHAS, 
722  W.  Campbell  Ave.,       -      Roanoke,  Va. 


150  Jacks,  Jennets  &  Mules  150 


Best  assortment  1 
ever  owned  Can 
suit  you  exactly. 
Write  for  descrip- 
tion and  pi  ices. 

Also  will  sell  two 
Percherou  stallions 
at  close  figures. 
BAKER'S  JACK  FARM, 

L-^wrence.  Indiana. 


KNIGHT  &  JETTON, 

Breeders  of  and  Dealers  In 

Jacks,  Jannits, 
Stallions. 

Fine  lacks  A  Specialty 

Write  for  cat. 
MURFREESBORO, 
TcNN 


JACKS. 


Raise  mules  and 
get  rich.  200  lari-e 
Black  Spanish  Jacks 
for  sale.  14  to  16 
hands  high.  Good 
ones  and  money 
makers.  Cheaper 
now  than  later  on. 
Stock  guaranteed. 

Also  some  fine 
large  Jennys  and 
;  Kiuleg. 

Write  for  prices. 

KtENLER'S  JACK  FARM,  Wtst  Elkltn.  Prebia  Co.  0. 

70  EWES   TO   SELL,   also   I 
REG.  DORSET  BUCK. 

The  ewes  are  native  grade  Merinos,  and  bred 
to  one  of  the  finest  registered  Dorset  bucks. 
They  are  all  in  flue  condition  and  perfectly 
healthy,  and  none  over  three  years  old.  Also 
I  Registered  Dorset  Buck,  a  very  fine  animal. 
G.   E.  CON  IW  ELL,   M.   D  ,  IRWIN,  VA. 

OAK  RIDQE  FARM 


Oak  Ridge,  Nelson,  Co.,  Va. 
As  Mr.  T.  F.  Ryan  wishes  to  make  this  a 
stock  farm  with  thoroughbred  cattle  to  benefit 
himself  as  well  as  afford  a  good  opportunity 
to  all  Virginians  to  Improve  their  stock.  I 
wish  to  say  that  we  have 

7  THOROUGHBRED 

Red  Poll  Bull  Calves 

For  saleat  reasonable  prices.  Thelrages  range 
from  4  to  U  months  old.  Write  or  come  and 
see  them. 

AD.  C.  RUCKER.  Sup't. 

Mention    th3    Southern    Planter   when 
writing  adTertisers. 


Virginia  (Hampton  Institute),  Hampton, 
Va.  Nature  Study  Leaflet,  No.  7. 
Beautifying  School  Houses  and 
Yards. 

Virginia  Weather  Bureau,  Richmond.Va. 
Report  for  November,  1902. 

AVest  Virginia  Experiment  Station,  Mor- 
gantown.W.Va.  Bulletin  83.  Poultry 
Experiments. 

West  Indian  Bulletin.  Bridgetown,  Bar- 
bados.    Vol.  Ill,  No.  3. 

West  Indies.  Agricultural  News,  Barba- 
dos, November  22,  1902. 

The  Petaluma  Incubator  Co.,  of  Petal- 
uma,  California,  to  keep  pace  with  the 
enormous  growth  of  its  business,  has 
within  the  last  few  weeks  not  only  com- 
pleted a  large  three-story  brick  building 
a?  an  addition  to  its  factory  by  which  the 
capacity  has  been  more  than  doubled, 
but  has  also  opened  a  large  store  and 
warehouse  at  33  Market  Street,  San  Fran- 
cisco. The  latter  move  was  made  to  not 
only  aid  in  the  sale  of  Incubators  and 
Brooders  but  to  enable  them  to  better 
handle  all  the  various  lines  of  goods  for 
which  they  are  Pacific  Coast  and  Export 
agents.  Mr.  L.  C.  Byce,  President  of  the 
Company,  is  accredited  with  having  done 
more  to  advance  tl  e  poultry  interest 
than  any  man  in  the  world,  and  whose 
personal  efforts  has  made  Petaluma  and 
vicinity  the  greatest  poultry  raising  sec- 
tion in  the  United  Siates. 

The  factory  and  main  office  at  Petaluma 
is  in  charge  of  Mr.  Byce,  Mr.  R.  C.  Gray, 
General  Manager,  Mr.  H.  R.  Campbell, 
Manager  of  Poultry  Supply  Department, 
while  the  Eastern  House  at  Indianapolis, 
Ind.,  is  directed  by  Mr.  E.  S.  Coming,  the 
Vice-President,  and  Mr.  C.  H.  Taft.  Secre- 
tary of  the  Company,  is  in  charge  of  the 
San  Francisc )  business. 

"  PRINCE  RDPERT"    COMES    TO 

"  ANNEFIELD  "      FARMS,     BRIGGS 

CLARKE  COUNTY,  VA. 

Mr.  Ed.  Gay  Butler,  proprietor  of  the 
above  farms,  has  just  purchased  and 
brought  home  the  splendid  Hereford 
bull  '•  Prince  Rupert."  This  bull  has 
for  the  past  two  years  been  at  the  lead 
of  the  prize-winning  herd  of  Mr.  W.  H. 
Curtice,  Eminence,  Ky.  While  Mr.  But- 
ler paid  a  pretty  long  price  for  him,  we 
consider  him  fortunate  in  being  able  to 
secure  him  for  his  splendid  breeding  es- 
tablishment in  the  Valley  of  Virginia. 
We  hope  to  show  a  picture  of  him  in  our 
next  issue  and  also  give  an  extended 
pedigree  and  a  record  of  his  winnings. 
Look  up  Mr.  Butler's  advertisements  of 
Berkshire  and  Herefords  elsewhere  in 
this  issue. 

Cannon  Snow  &  Co.,  of  Quincy,  111.,  are 
advertising  with  us  this  issue  their  book 
of  plans  and  instructions  by  which  any 
one  who  is  handy  with  tools  can  build 
an  incubator  of  200  egg  capacity  at  a  cost 
of  about  $8.00.  This  is  less  than  half  the 
usual  price  and  includes  their  furnishing 
the  parts  difficult  to  make,  such  as  lamp, 
regulator,  etc. 

Now  is  a  good  time  to  begin,  as  the 
hatching  season  will  soon  be  here.  Write 
for  full  particulars.    Address  as  above. 


DISPERSION  SALE 

SHORTHORNS 


OWING  to  pressure  of  bu» 
Iness  engagementsin 
other  directions,  which  will 
occupy  me  Tery  cloaely  for 
some  Time  to  come.  I  have 
decided  to  disperse  th«  ELK 
GARDEN  HBRD  of  Short- 
horn cattle,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  two  bulls  and  six  or  eight  females.  I 
do  not  care  to  hold  an  auction  sale  and  there- 
fore propose  to  offer  my  cattle  at  private 
treaty,  either  as  whole  or  in  lots  to  suit  pur- 
chaser ;  prdferrint  to  cloie  out  to  one  buyer. 

The  herd  now  numbers  about  90  bead,  con- 
sisting largely  of  straight  Scotch  families,  such 
as  Duchess  of  Gloster,  Rose  of  Strathallan, 
Miss  Ramsden,  Mlna,  Lavender  and  other 
noted  Scotch  tribes.  There  are  also  some  fine 
Scotch-topped  and  double  Scotch-topped  cattle 
founded  on  such  valuable  Bates-lopped  fami- 
lies as  Young  Mary,  Reulck  Rose  of  Sharon, 
Kirklevingion  Duchess,  etc.  My  Scotch  fami- 
lies were  the  pick  of  Canada.  Our  younger 
cattle  are  mainly  the  get  of  Knight  of  the 
Thistle  108656,  and  cows  now  in  calf  to  the  pure 
Scotch  bull  Blood  Royal  16S876,  a  splendid 
yearling  of  the  Princess  Royal  tribe. 

The  cattle  are  in  good  breeding  condition, 
having  been  on  grass  without  grain  since 
April. 

H.  C.  STUART, 

ELK  GARDEN,        -        RUSSELL  CO.,  VA. 


£LLERSLIE  FARM^^i.^ 
Thoroughbred  Horses 

AND  SHORTHOKN  CATTLE, 

Pure  Southdown  Sheep 
and  Berkshire  Pigs. 

f oB  8.4LB.      R.  J.  Hancock:  &  son, 

Charlottbsvilli,  Va. 


EAST  RIVER  SIDE 

SHORTHORNS. 

Choice  bull  and  heifer  calves  for  sale. 
Will  make  price  very  low  for  next  60 
days. 

JAMES  F.  CLEMMER,  Snmmerdean,  Va. 


A  POLLED    DURHAM    BULL   Is  the 

Model  Dchorner.   A  few  choice  bull 
CALVES   of  this  most   popular  breed 

for  sale. 

L.  HUMBERT,  Charlottesville,  Va. 


FOR  SALE  at  SlOeach, 

Three  pure-bred 

ANQORA BUCKS 

Price  includes  crating  and  delivery  on 

cars  at  Columbia,  Va.,  C.  &  O.  R.  R. 
A  good  flock  of  Angoras  can  be  built 
up  by  using  pure  bucks  In  cross- 
ing with  common  does. 

C.  E.  JONES,       -       Carysbrook,  Va. 


profitable.    For  larg«  olr- 
oolaraddrMa     E.  W.  COLE  &  CO  .  Kenton,  Ohlt. 


56 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAITTBB. 


[January 


gERKSHIREg 

A^NEFIELD  HERD 

Represents  the 

Finest  Blood  Lines 

In  bnglaad  or  America. 

Stock  (or  sale  at  all  times. 


i 


Correspondence  Solicited. 

Inspection  Invited. 

EDW.  0.  BUTLER,    Anoefield  Farms. 
Briggs,  Clarke  Co  ,  Va. 


^V.P.I.^ 

Farm  Bulletin 

We  are  off -ring  some  nice  BERK- 
SHIRE PIQS.  Let  us  have  your 
orders  early.  Choice  stock  ;  prompt 
attention. 

0. 0.  NOURSE,  Prof,  of  Agr. 
Blaoksburg,  Va. 


POLAND-CHINAS 

Cl08«ly  related  to  sucli  famous  hogs  as 
Anderson's  Molel,  Model  of  97  and 
Hands  Off.  Pigs,  boars,  gilts  and  bred- 
sows  for  salo.  Also  some  good  SHORT- 
HOR>l  bull  calv.'SaDd  SHROPSHIRE  sheep. 
Stock  guaranteed  a«  represented  or 
monej  refunded. 
.  F.  DURRETT4.    -    Birdwood.  Albemirlt  Co..  Vs. 


CHOICE  Poland  China 

PIks.  both  sexes.  .3  mos.  old.  not  akin,  for 
sale,  i-lrert  by  C  IE«  B  ST  '  son  of  "TEcti.M- 
.siiH  2na"  and  "Mookish  PEKFKcrioN  3rd," 
gianilhon  of  "Oh it  f  HKKFttTioN  ^ua  "  fri>itt 
'^Tecumsku  Black  L'.  S."  and  "Fkee 
Tkade"  .Sows. 

Reg.  PFR   HERON  FILLY  S  yrs.  old.  In  foal  to 
line  bred  b  a.k  Registered  Brllliaul  Stallion— 
good  size  and  .-lyle,  yjod  worker  and  sound. 
THOS.  R.  SMITH,  Lincoln,  Loudon  Va. 


Large  ENGLISH  BERKSHIRES 
M.  B.  TURKEYS  Very  Fins. 

B.  1".  R.  Chicken  Eggs  in  season. 

HAWKSLEY   STOCK   FARH, 

J.  T.  OLIVER,  AIIen'8  Level,  Va. 

tyrsblres,  Berkshires  and  Oxford-Downs. 

Ayr*   Ire  calves   of   boih   sexes,    Hersshlrt 

gigs  and  boai,  and  L'Oxf.jrd-Down  Kjims  For 
I'e.  MELRO  E  C  !>TLE  FAhM. 

£MOS  B.  HEStj,  Manager,  Casanova,  Va. 


THE  DAIRYMAN'S  TRIUMPH. 

The  following  is  from  an  address  de 
livered  by  Mr.  John  Gould  at  the  recent 
meeting  of  the  New  York  Dairyman's 
Association : 

The  farmer  of  a  century  ago  was  a  cy- 
pher among  the  industries  ;  now  he  is 
able  to  buy  four  times  over,  all  the  other 
mduetries  combine<i.  Some  s-ingle  States 
make  butler  enough  in  one  year  to  buy 
all  the  gold  mined  in  the  United  States 
in  twelve  months.  The  American  farmer 
owns  400,000.000  acres,  divided  into 
5,700,000  deeded  farms,  not  including 
ranches  valued  at  ?16  500.000.000.  Hie 
bnildingo  are  worth  $4,000,000,000;  ma 
chinerv,  $800,000  OO'i;  live  stock, 
WOO.Ol  O.OdO  In  1900  he  produced 
$o.(H)0  000  000  worth  of  farm  produce, 
and  has  on  deposit  in  savings  and  other 
banks  of  the  country  $2,0u0,000,000,  prac- 
tically equal  to  the  present  money  circu 
lation  of  this  country.  On  these  7,600,000 
farms  last  year  the  farmer  raised 
91,(100,000  acres  corn,  worth  $751,000,000  ; 
40,001 ',000  acres  wheat,  worth  $323,000,000, 
while  the  gold  and  silver  of  the  mills 
only  yielded  $153,000,000  or  $900,000,000 
less  than  these  two  crops.  The  cotton 
crop  waa  worth  J4b5  OHO  000,  and  the  to- 
bacco crop  far  beyond  $100(00.000.  The 
dairymen's  income  was  $447,000  000  more 
than  the  output  of  the  g  'Id  and  silver 
mines.  Besides,  there  are  18,000,000  cows, 
1.8,000,000  horses.  61,000,000  sheep 
62,0001X10  hogs,  50,000,000  other  stock 
— one-fourth  of  all  the  domestic  an 
imals  in  the  world.  The  wool  clip 
last  year  was  162,000  000  lbs.;  cotton 
made.  9,500  000  bales.  (Jf  our  si  rplns  are 
exported  $844,00u,000  from  the  farms, 
wt.ile  from  all  other  sources  the  exports 
amounted  to  $556,000,000 ;  in  other  words, 
for  every  $100  we  exported,  168  came 
from  the  farms,  making  us  a  creditor  na- 
tion. 

The  farmer,  in  addition  to  feeding  him- 
self with  every  farm  food  indigenous  to 
the  United  Slates,  eating  1,000,000  (jOO  lb- 
of  butter  and  540,000,000  lbs.  of  cheese, 
sent  to  the  various  nations  of  the  earth 
$8,40  worth  of  farm  produce  for  each  liv- 
ing inhabitant  of  the  nation.  Farming 
from  1850  went  forward  with  a  bound. 
Land  values  doubled  ;  villages  sprang  up  ; 
the  whole  land  was  covered  with  a  net' 
work  of  railways.  It  p  it  machinery  into 
every  department  of  farm  woik  ;  itmade 
a  net-work  of  telegraph  wires  overhead; 
it  sent  the  over-populated  East  9ying  to 
oi-cupy  the  great  praine  lands  of  the 
We^t;  the  "  wild  cat"  currency  and  '•  red 
dog"  banks  were  driven  into  oblivion, 
and  currency  was  made  forever  safe  and 
good.  This  revolutionization  had  a  be- 
neficent effect  on  the  dairyman  who  has 
backed  in  its  golden  sunshine  ever  since. 
His  $10  to  $15  cow  became  worth  $25  and 
$30;  liis  3Jc.  cheese — sold  now  green 
weight— for  5  and  6  cents  cash — no  more 
store  pay— and  he  was  placed  in  the  way 
of  invention,  improvement  and  progress. 
Science  and  lilerature  came  to  his  aid,  as 
did  most  profound  and  wise  investigators 
and  chemists.  What  was  this  force,  this 
influence  and  expamlini;  power?  The 
diwovery  of  gold  in  California.  In  the 
five  yearj  from  1849  that  new  province 
turned  into  the  cofiers  of  this  land  more 


FINE  STOCK  AT  A  BARGAIN. 


One  eight  yearoH  brown  raare.  Hackney  and 

TrottercroBs,  fine  drive-,  gentle  handBomB 

and  stylish,  very  fastt    Welsht,  1  200  lbs. 

Price.  $17.5.     Worth  double  that  monej  on 

any  city  inarkCL 
One  fine,  re,r.   Aberdeen-.^ ngus  bull  calf,  six 

monihsold.  ver^  finely  bred. 
Vine  head  beautiful,  reg.  .\rgora  QoaU;  On* 

Buck;  Price,  saO    Six  D<ie«:  Price,  112  each. 

Two  Buck   Kids;  Price,  110  each.    Lamp 

price  of  nine  goats,  1100. 
Two  One.  reg.  Dorset  Ewe  lambs,  abont  1  yr. 

old.    Price,  SIO.  each. 
One  Sclenilflc    Grinding   Mill,    nearly   new, 

made  bv  Foos  Manufacturing  Co.,  Spring 

field.  O."  Price.  »2i. 

Address        W.  M.  WATKIN5  t  SONS, 
Cottage  Valley  Stock  Farm, 

Randolph,  Charione  Co  ,  Va. 


ABERDEEN-ANGUS 

Bull  calves,  $40 'oJ60.  heifers  5  to7mo8.  old,  f75. 
Limited  quantity 

NEW  SIBERIAN  MILLET 

Seed  at  $1  50  per  bup.;  tbU  millet  will  prod  ace 
•i  crop  of  seed  aud  h  fair  quality  of  hay  at  the 
•«me  time.  It  lefuUy  two  weeks  earlier  than 
he  GerraKD  millet,  «"'f  fluer  qual.ty,  but  wUJ 
not  yield  quite  as  much. 

C    E,  JONES,  Carysbrook,  Va. 


ANGUS  BULL  CALVES 

Registered  and  uoiec  rded.  Slock  firsts 
clas8,  and  breeding  the  best. 

SHROPSHIRE  SHEEP 

First  class  yearling  rams,  ai'd  ewes  of 
all  ages.    Several  FL>E  FARMS  for  sale. 

WARREN  RICE,     ■    Winchester,  Va. 


FOR  S.A.IL.E:! 

One  Young  %  Guernsev 
Bull. 

^ge2Vi  years.    G^nIle;  in  good  condition;  a 
flue  animal :  weight  about  UOO  lbs. 
Also,  o\er 


20  EWES 


From  One  to  Thr 
Years  Old, 


iTom  my  two  Registered  Southdown  Rams, 
White  Kniflit.  No.  ;iti.>l.  and  Z>-b.  \  ance,  No. 
l-'LW.  and  m,e  flue  LOhSET  PWE,  •  o 
7883,  RECO  -  DED.  «nd  a  lew  TROSS  DOR- 
SET and  SoLTHlJoWN  EWES,  from  my 
Registered  l)o  ►et  Ram.  No.  8066.  For  prices, 
particulars,  eic,  address,  eucloting  stamp, 

L.  G.  JONtS    Bethania,  N.  C. 


Large  English   Berkshire  Hogs, 
Barred  Plymouth  Rock  Chickens 

BEN.  BOLT,  60TJ7,  410  lbs.  as  a  yearling  at 
head  of  herd.     «»-EGiJS  IN  SE.^suN. 

JOHN  P.  FOSTER,  Nocreek,  Ohio  Co.,  Ky. 


1903.] 


THE  SOTJTHEEN  PLANTER 


57 


X>00<>00<>00<>00<>^0<>00<I>00<X><>00<>00<>00<>00<>OC<K 

HEREFORD  CAHLE I 

5  ANNEFIELD  HERD  OF  REGISTERED  ANIMALS  O 


HEADED  BY 


X    Prince  Rupert,  No.  79539   x 

X    Winner  of  the  Grand  Sweepstakes  at  Kansas  City,   igoi.     Sired  by  the  famous  herd    if 
A  bull  Beau  Donald,  No  58996.      Grandsire  Beau  Brummel,  No   51817.  X 

y^    The  herd  is  rich  m  "  ANXIETY  "  blood,  the  most  desirable  and  sought  O 
X  after  breeding  to-day.    Stock  for  sale  at  all  times.    Inspection  ]f 

X  invited.     Correspondence  solicited.  X 

I  EDWARD  G.BUTLER,  Annefield/Briggs,  Clarke  Co.,  Va.  | 

X>OO<>OO<>OO<>OO<>OO<>OO<!XX>OO0OOOOO<>OO<>OC<>OO<K 


•    F/LSrO/V  FARM.    • 


SECOND  LARQEST 

JERSEY  HERD 

IN  AMERICA.    FOUNDED  1882. 

BULL  C«LVES  and  for  the  first  lime.  Heifers 
bred  to  Impoited  Onlrteu  Peter,  and  Heifer 
Calves  and  a  few  aged  Cows. 

BERKSHIRES.  all  ages,  sired  by  Imported 
Storm  Klnsr,  or  Iinportfd  Esau  2nd,  8l»e. 
good  shape  ^tnd  large  litters. 

Visitors  welcome.  Address  for  Book  of  The 
Farm,  or  prices 

E.  M  GILLET,  Clerk,  Glencoc,  Md. 
ASAB   GARDINER,  Jr.,  Manager 


Swift  Creek  Stock  and  Dairy  Farm 

Has  for  sale  a  large  num 
ber  of  nice  young  regis 
tered  A.  J.  C.  C. 

JERSEY  BULLS 
AND  HEIFERS. 

None  iitiu-i  Urea  lu  the  South.  Comhinlni 
clo>"eIv  the  mo»t  noted  and  up-to-dnte  blooc 
In  Arnerlca.  Bulls  10  to  12  months  old.  fiSOO 
Heifers,  same  age,  SSn.OO.  POL.\Nt>-CHlNA 
PIO.S,  15.00  each.  Send  check  and  get  what 
yoo  want. 

T.  P   BRaSWELL,  Prop.,  Battleboro.  N.  C. 


FOR  SALE— Special  Bargain  in 

Reg.  HOlSTEIN-fniESIlN  BULL. 

To  avoid  In-breedlhi;.  I  will  sell  Lord 
Fitch,  No.  22ti8.5,  H.  F.  H.  B. 
W.W.HARPER,       -       ORANGE, VA. 


than  $270,000.0(10  in  gold,  and  on  its 
strength  the  nation  took  on  a  new  lease 
of  life.  From  that  day  we  ceased  to  be  a 
people  of  barter  and  exchange,  and  be- 
came otie  of  cash  on  delivery.  It  was  the 
dairyman's  first  triumph  !  After  18.52  (he 
dairy  became  an  industry  ;  hefore,  it  was 
a  strui/gle.  Eveu  in  the  fierce  war  of  '61 
came  the  cheese  factory.  Hardly  a  State 
to-day  but  has  its  Dairy  Associa  ion,  and 
the  best  -"tatistics  place  the  number  of 
milch  cows  at  18,500,OiiO,  the  income  from 
these  dairies  being  approximately 
J60il,000,0'  0— double  that  of  any  other 
farm  indiiptry. 

The  dairyman  and  his  brother  farmer 
have  po88e^'sed  the  land  of  this  country 
and  covered  it  with  their  flocks  and  herds 
and  increased  the  prodiic-ng  power  of  the 
soil  four-fold,  so  that  while  in  1850  they 
had  only  $.500,000,000  worth  of  live  stock, 
in  19  Othey  were  valued  at  S4  000,000,000. 
This  has  forced  the  semi-dairy  farmer  to 
market  purplu»  abroad,  "o  that  last  year 
of  our  surplus  we  supplied  nearly  30  |  er 
cent,  of  the  meat  and  18  per  cent,  of  the 
grain  Europe  consumed  outside  of  Russia. 
Dairying  has  become  a  science  and 
art  Not  a  prac  ice  of  50  vears  ago  now 
exists  in  the  dairy,  pave  hand  milking. 
Four  distinct  lines  of  dairy  Vireeda  have 
been  made  prominent  in  our  dairvine. 
while  10  000  dairymen  have  mixed  all  the 
breeds  together  and  produced  tbe  ijenerHl 
purpose  cow,  whose  purpose  i"  to  eat  all 
she  can  lay  lip  to  and  give  in  return  as 
little,  aside  from  \  er  company,  as  possi- 
ble. 

It  ia  compated  that  we  are  now  pro- 


READERS 

OF  THE 

PLANTER 

In  want  o)  a  PIANO  will  find  it  to  their 
Inierest  to  write  to  us.  Weassure  thera 
there  is  such  a  thius;  as  buying  an 
honestly  made  Instrument  at  a  mode 
rale  price. 

We   make   COSH  and   TIME  SALES, 

an  1  are  willing  t<>  take  pail  payment 
iu  St.  ck  and  ear"  Products. 

Write  and  state  your  wishes. 

F.  W.  WALTER  &  SON, 

STAUNTON,  VA. 


FOR  SALE, 

JERSEY  BULL. 

A.  J.  C.  C.  Emperor  Nero,  No.  54171, 

LEGHORNS,   White,  S,  C.  Brown,  R.  O. 
Brown. 

WYANDOTTE  COCKERELS.    Price, 

SI  W)  per  uead,  three  lor  1(2  M. 
Address 
J.  B    IT-'NSON   Clover  Htll  Farm.  Wanas'MS  V->, 


RUPTURE 


CUKE  I 


<hi 


are,  no   pay.     ALEX    SPKIKS.  Box  »4I 


Mention  the  ■^(juIIihil  i'kniltr  vtlit:n  cor- 
responding with  advertisers. 


68 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAlTrBB. 


[January 


m 


BILTMORE  FARMS, 

Poultry  Yards  Department. 


BILTMORE, 
N.  C. 


More  than  50  matings  of  prize-winning  standard  birds  from  which  we  will  ship  a  certain  number 
of  sittings.        WRITE  FOR  SPECIAL  EGG  CIRCULAR. 


\  Plymouth  Rocks.         Light  Brahmas,  Buff  Cochins,  > 

\  While  and  Barred.  p 

>  Wyandottes,  Black  Langshans,        Pekin  Ducks,  < 

\  Golden,  ijilver  aod  While.  x 

(Leghorns,  Black  Minorcas,  Cor'sh  Indian  Games  ? 

i    S.C.Wlilteand  Brownand  11.  C.  White  c 

\  Toulouse  Geese,  M-  Bronze  Turkeys,     W.  Holland  Turkeys.  ^ 

MTE,  A^FtE,  FOR.  1303 

On  a  larger  scale  than  ever.  Sending  out  better  birds  at  more  reasonable  prices" 

More  than  ever  anxious  to  please  customers. 

OUR  YEARLY  SALES  for  the  last  three  years  have  nearly  doubled  themselves  each  year  over  that  of  the  preceding  year. 


jilM'  I   ti'iiitl  III   iH.|i|lM  I  Hafy^'aB^a^Ppqg:^a)^ftT-g-';^->f='=fpi'ljY     ,   tiiu|i||  (\     iLiTll  ]i|"ii_i^f  f  i"    M'lil 

BILTMORE  FARMS,  -    Biltmore,  N,C. 

Headquarters  for  GOUDEN  LAD  JERSEYS, 

Also  get  of  TREVARTH  and  GEN.  MARIGOLD.    J^    J^    J^ 

GOLDEN  LAD'S  SUCCESSOR,  First  and  sweepstakes  OTer  all  at  the  Pan-American  Exposition,  the 
champion  JERSEY  BULL  OF  AMERICA,  and  out  of  Golden  Ora,  our  great  prize-winning  cow,  both 
bom  and  developed  on  these  Farms,  is  among  our  service  bulls. 

Biltmore  Jerseys  are  a  combination  of  large  and  persistent  milking  qualities  with  an  individoality 
that  wins  in  the  show  ring. 

SPECIAL  TY.  Write  for  descriptive  circular  of  the  beet  lot  of  young  bull  calvee  ever  offered,  both  for  breed- 
ing and  individuality.  They  are  by  noted  sires  and  oat  of  large  and  tested  selected  dams.  Many  of  the«e 
calves  are  fit  to  show  and  win  in  any  company. 


>    > 


BILTMORE  POULTRY  YARDS. 


J-  > 


SPECIALTY.  Write  for  descriptive  circular  of  eggs  from  our  prize- winning  pens.  Over  50  yards  to  select 
from,  made  up  of  the  winners  at  the  leading  shows  for  the  last  two  seasons.  If  you  want  winners  yon 
must  breed  from  winners. 

Headquarters  for  the  best  IMPORTED  ENGLISH  BERKSHIRES. 


APPLY  TO  BILTMORE  FARMS,  BILTMORE.  N.  C. 


Ijt3.]  THE  SOTJTHBEN  PLAMTBB.  59 


Third  Annual  Brood  Sow  Sale, 

FEBRUARY  3,    1903- 


The  demand  for  Biltmore  Berkshirea  during  the  last  year  has  made  it  almost  impossible  to  reserve  a  lufBcient  num- 
ber of  high  class  individuals  to  make  up  a  sale  list.  Therefore  we  decided  rather  than  disappoint  the  many  breeders  that 
yearly  select  foundation  stock  and  out-crosses  from  these  oflferings,  to  make  a  special  importation  for  this  sale. 

This  IMPORTATION  represented  nearly  a  month  hunt  over  the  whole  of  England,  and  we  would  willingly  retain 
the  larger  part  of  the  sows,  but  realize  that  this  is  impossible  without  hurting  the  sale. 

All  are  choicely  bred  and  guaranteed  safe  in  pig ;    and  moreover,  this  will  probably  be  the  last  chance  to  select 
from  BO  many  Imported  animals,  as  we  hope  next  year  to  confine  the  sale  to  sows  of  our  own  breeding. 


The  entire  importation  of  65  head  will  be  sold  without  reserve. 

They  are  the  tops  representing  our  first  choice  from  the  most  successful 

English  breeders. 


English  Live  Stock  Papers  say  ''this  is  the  choicest,  largest  and  most 
costly  purchase  of  Berkshires  that  has  ever  left  England." 


All  guaranteed  safe  in  pig  to  such  great  boars  as  Loyal  Berks,  The  Duke 
Imported,  Royal  Carlisle  (First  Prize  at  the  Enghsh  Royal  Show), 

Manor  Faithful,  etc. 


Every  Sow  either  sired  by,  out  of,  or  a  producer  of  WINNERS. 


Take  a  Winter  Tourist's  Ticket  at  lys  fare  [for  the  round  trip,  to  Asheville.  Money  refunded  to  all 
purchasers  of  $125.00  worth  of  stock  or  more.  If  you  cannot  come  send  a  mail  bid  to  the  Farms,  or  write 
for  Mr.  W.  R.  Harvey,  one  of  the  most  noted  expert  judges  of  America,  who  will  be  present  in  person, 
to  select  you,  in  his  opinion,  one  of  the  best  bargains  of  the  sale  within  a  certain  limit. 


CATALOGUES  OUT  SHORTLY  AFTER  JANUARY  1st. 


60 


TfiS  BOTTTBERN  PLAKTEB. 


[January 


dacing  1,400,<  OO.i  00  lb.  of  butter  annual 
Iv-  anil  about  50<i.O  OOdO  lb.  of  chfe?e.  in 
a'd.ntion  to  the  milk  tiailf,  anH  are  ex- 
Dortins  i.iailii-allv  n  thine,  while  even 
in  188Uwe  sent  ai'.roa.l  127,0iV10OO  lb  ..f 
ohet-se  and  -lO.iiOo.iKK)  lb.  of  liutter.  'Why 
thie  change?  Be<-ause.  with  e<1ucation 
and  skill,  with  colli  Morage  and  better 
waT8  of  bandlinp,  we  are  now  makine 
our  butter  and  cheese  so  muc'i  finer  that 
we  are  coiisummir  it  at  home  and  eavine 
freight  and  i-onimi-fion.  It  is  safe  to 
predict  that  we  shall  soon  be  importing 
no  inconsiderable  proportion  of  the  but- 
ter and  cheese  we  consume.  At  present, 
no  market  in  Europe  can  pay  Jamestown 
prices  for  these  commodities 

To  the  daiivman,  new  influences  out- 
side of  the  dai'ry  are  coming  to  help  him 
and  make  his  country  1  fe  one  of  higher 
attainments.  The  dairying  of  the  whole 
country  is  in  a  rapid  ttate  of  tiansition, 
not  only  in  labor  but  in  protit.  The  dairy 
man  has  now  rural  mail  delivery,  the  tel- 
ephone, the  troUev;  »n<l,  better  and  grand- 
er than  all.  with  far  wider- reaching  influ- 
ences, is  the  centralized  counry  school, 
that  gives  the  dairyman's  boy  and  g  il 
the  best  English  etlucation  at  their  own 
homes  and  associated  with  home  and 
rural  influences— the  verv  thing  which 
makes  for  national  morality  and  loyal 
citizenship,  the  stability  that  shifta  the 
balance  in  our  oft  rocking  "hip  of  State, 
and  again  puts  her  on  her  course  with 
level  keel. 

VERIFIES  THE  CL.\IM. 
WYTnEviLLE,V.\  ,  Feb.  I,  1902. 
Newton's  H^ave  and  Distemper  Cure  is 
the  best  mwlicine  I  ever  had  in  my  sta 
ble.    It  doe-   exactly   what  you  claim. 
Others  here  say  the  same  thing. 
Yours  respectfully, 

M.  M.  Sltherland, 

Dealer  in  Horses. 

GRIXD  YOUR  FEED. 
We  need  not  urge  upon  our  readers 
again  the  importance  of  grinding  f.  ed 
for  live  stock.  All  farmers  recognize  its 
economy.  We  do  want  to  urge,  how- 
ever, the  importan''e  of  getting  a  good 
grinder  of  your  own,  an  t  desire  to  call 
esvx-cial  attention  to  tiie  offer  of  G.  M. 
Ditto,  of  J'liiet,  III,  to  send  one  of  his 
triple  geared,  i>all  hearing  grinders  to  any 
resjM)iii-ible  farmer  on  approval  You  can 
try  il  before  you  buy  it.  The  Ditto  .Mill 
is  well  and  favora'  ly  known  throughout 
the  country,  and  we  believe  our  reailers 
will  be  interested  in  the  attractive  lite- 
rature Mr.  Ditto  sen  Is  out. 


PRIZE  WINNINGS 

AT  RICHMOND  SHOW  1902 

I  received  Isi  on  pen.  1st  un  lien,  l.-i  and 

2o(l  "Il  pnlleu-.  3r(l  on  om  kt  rel. 

Chol-e  lookerelH.  S-J  Ui  ^'l     Hens  and  pulleig, 

t2tolo.  W.lie  iiie.Miur  Wiini-.  I  can  please 

you     Eggs  $2  per  15  in  seafcon. 

C    6    M.  FINK.  1409  W.  Leigh  St  ,  Rlcxmond.Va. 


WE  PiY  S2o  i  WEEK  ^,  ^f,rm,Tod"i 


•  Hi  liltrVI  k  I'akl  toccilleciiind  snllclt  near 
$Z4  nttKLl  tioine.  BUlLUCK  S  LEGAL 
bU-.EAU,  Indlanapsll*,  Inl. 


THIS  CHECK 

and  several  sm&ller  ones 

I  received  the  past  season 
for  Stra^v  berries  (not 
plantsV  That  was  because 
I  have  only  the  best.  It 
pays  to  get  the  best.  I 
but  the  best.     I  can't  afford  to 

cost  of  plants  is  comparatively  a  small 
none  too  good.    1  will  send  my  beauti- 
fully   illustrated     catalogue  with  lithographed  covers    of 
^     High  Gnde  Strawberry  Plants  by  reram  mailfortwo  2c 
"X    stamps.    If  interested  send  to-day.    This  will  not  appear 
again.    Address, 

W.  F.  ALLEN.  Salisbury.  Md. 


SUNNY    HOME    HERD    OF 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS    CATTLE. 

S/f?eS    IN    SERVICE 

EULALIES  LADDIE  41861  assisted  by  BARON  ROSEBERRY, 
The  WESTERTOWN  ROSE  sun  of  U.aY  BLACKBIRD  (the  sire  of  Qay  Lad). 

Most  of  the  leading  families  of  the  breeil — Coquett  Queen  Mother,  Westertown 
Rose,  Rose  of  .Adno.  Ni'segay,  Violets  etc  , — sired  by  fuch  no'ed  buils  >b  Gay  Black- 
bird, Ermoor  18171,  bv  Koval  Eiie;  Eulalies  Erie  15568,  bv  Heather  Lad  2nd;  Bean 
Bill  lS6i7;  Baron  lea  20184:  Dirk  Prince  'Ott^S. 

Quality  combined  with  best  of  breeding,  our  motto. 
No  fancy  prices,  but  business  cattle  at  business  prices. 
Write  for  what  you  want. 

■ A.    L.    FRENCH,   Proprietor.  Fitzgerald.  N,  O. 

Kockingham  Co.,  24  miles  south-west  of  Danville,  Va..  on  D.  A  W.  Ry. 


jt 


CLEN   ALLEN   HERD  OF 


..ABERDEEN-ANGUS  CATTLE.. 

Headed  by  ALLENHURST  KING  IV  4ri99, 

Assisted  by  VICTOR  G.,  No.  3r693. 

I  am  now  offering  for  sale  a  few  choice  young  balls  of  serviceable  age,  at  a 
bargain.  Any  one  wanting  bulls  from  prize  winning  families  at  a  moderate 
price,  will  save  time  and  money  by  calling  on  or  addressing 

GLEN  ALLEN  STOCK  FARM,      W.  P.  ALLEN,  Prop.,  Walnut  Hill,  Va. 


Farmers  Mutual  Benefit  Association 

A  Fire  Insurance  Association,  chartered  by  the  State  for  the  farmers 
of  Virginia,  under  an  amended  and  well  protected  plan. 

Insures,  against  hire  and  Lightning,  only  countir  property — no  stores  or  nnsaff- 
"-iska.  Average  cost  per  year  for  three  years  has  been  |3.63|  per  $1000,  inclndinf 
Iwellings,  bams,  produce,  ic., — about  one-third  the  usual  cost  of  insurance  tt- 
farmers.  Amount  of  property  insured  $325,0ci0.  Estimated  security  in  real  and 
other  estat*,  $60(1,000. 

For  fvirther  information,  address,  CHAS  N  FRIEND,   Genera  Accn  t 

vtmnriom  tmib  joumm*!..  CHBSTmi9.   VIROIMIA 


^-'^^  Radish. 


can  he  forced  | 
:&cs  or  frames  »ith« 
ng  pithy,  and  is  reinvkal>Jyprodu< 


atiish  for  every 

King    —  =- ■_■ • 

iid.  Colux  rich  scarlet- 

The  Ide&l  Radish  for  either  Gardener  or  Amateur. 

■r    :l.i>il,<    ><ir<l  <  irijiulaiipe.  Alii>tik  I'ras.   VulenUne 
nil:-.  l.ruJu.  l'cn>.  I'iilil  iinil  (.iinlcn  Srtil.  Bulbustid  Pliinta. 

li;.  J.  Bolgiano  a  Son.  Dtpi,  P  5,  Baltimore,  Md 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHBEN  PLANTBE. 


61 


Look  for  the  full  name  IRON  ACE  ^^^^^^^  o"  *he  too! 

Don't  be  imposed  upon  liv  dealers  selling  implements  made  in  iniitatk.ii  oi  tbe  famous  Iron  Agi 
All  the  IROJ*  AGE  tools  i»re  SIARKEU  WITH  THE  FUJL.I.  NAME.  Thi-  name  is  lor  your  prot 
It  is  a  guarantee  of  best  materials,  best  ideas,  best  workmanship,  and  all  tlie  merits  that  hav 
Iron  Age  tools  popular  with  three  generations  of  farmers  and  gardeners.  Write  for  a  FREE 
of  tbe  SiEW  IRON  AGE  BOOK,  telling  all  about  these  marvelous  labor  savers,  and  giving  prie 
on  Cultivators.  Horse  Hoes,  Seed  Drills,  Wheel  Hoes,  Riding  Cultivators,  the  Improved-Kobbins 
Potato  Planter,  &c. 

BATEMAK  MFG.  CO.,  Box  167,  Grenloch,  N.  J. 


BDOKS  AND  PAMPHLETS. 

A  B  C  of  Bee  Culture.  A  Cyclopaedia 
of  Everything  Per'ainicg  to  the  Care  of 
the  Honey  Bee.  By  A.  i.  Root,  fievised 
by  E,  R.  Root. 

We  have  lately  received  the  1903  edi- 
tion of  the  A  B  C  of  Bee  Culture,  an  illus- 
trated enclopedia  devoted  entirely  to  thp 
subject  of  beea.  To  all  who  are  interest 
ed,  or  those  who  want  to  know  ni<-Te 
about  bees,  we  are  sure  that  this  boo 
will  be  a  real  help,  and  we  are  glad  to  re- 
commend it  as  being  many  times  worth 
its  cost.  Pric  •,  $1.20,  postpaid.  It  can  be 
obtained  from  the  publishers,  The  A.  I. 
Root  Co.,  Medina,  Ohio,  or  we  can  supply 
it  at  the  publisher's  price. 

Ginseng.  Its  cultivation,  harvesting, 
marketing  and  market  value,  with  a 
short  account  of  its  hist  iry  and  botany. 
Revised,  greatly  enlarged  and  brought 
down  to  date.  Illustrated,  144  pages,  f)x7 
inches.  Clot'.  Price,  postpaid  50  cents. 
Orange  Judd  Company,  New  York. 

The  impetus  given   to  the   American 
Ginseng  industry,  through   the  ai  pnar- 
ance  of  the  first  edition  of  the  book,  has 
been  almost  phenomenal.   Ginsenii  grow- 
ing hat  made  such  rapid  strides  and  the 
demand  for  information  has  increased  so 
greatly  that  a  second  and  extended  edi- { 
tion  has  become  necessary.  The  informa- 
tion contained   in   the  present   volume, 
which  18  nearly  three  times  as  large  as 
the   first,  has   been   culled   from  a  larg»- 
mass  of  material  and  is,  decidedly,  the 
best  that  has  appeared  since  ginseng  cul-  | 
ture  first  attracted  attention  in  America 
Every  deail  bearinsj  upon  successful  gin 
seng  growing  18  fully  and  minutely  elab 
orated  ;  and  the  author  is  confident  ihat 
ginseng  culture  will  sirow  in   proportion 
to  the   application  of  intelligence  to  it. 
To  any  one  intending  to  embark  into  this 
industry  this  book  must  prove  invalua 
ble.     We  can  supply   the  book  at    the 
publisher's  price. 

Coffee  Planting,  a  short  treatise  com-  I 
piled  with  special  reference  to  the  condi 
tions  of  culture  in  Cuba  and  Porto  Ri(  o. 
By  Joseph  Hillman.  Puhllfiht-d  by  Wm.  ] 
S.  Myers,  Director  Chilian  Nitrate  Propa- 
ganda (nitrate  of  soda),  12  John  street, 
New  York. 

Mention  the  Southern  Plamier  when  cor-  { 
responding  with  advertisers.  \ 


S/R  JOHN  BULL'S  R/GS. 


All  testify  to  his  prepotency,  nor  is 


UNGLE  SAM. 


Unlike  him  In  strong  points  of  transmission  or  reproduction 

Every  pig  I  ship  has  individual  merit,  aside 
from  the  purest  Englis*i  strain  of  LARGE 
BKRKSHIRES  that  I  could  import  from 
the  most  famous  breeder  in  EngUnd 

LET  HE  HAVE  YOUR  ORDERS 

PROnPTLY   FOR  FALL  SHIPHEiNT, 

at  Farmers*  Prices 

HUNTING  DOQS  and  PUPS  FOR  SALE. 
TUOS.  S.  WHITE,  Fassiferu  iStock  Farm,  Lexiugton,  ^h. 


POLAND- 
CHIBIAS. 


TecuMSEH   G.  49283. 

Have  sold  out  all  pigs  on  hand  and  am  now  booking  orders  for  pigs 
from  my  spring  litters.  Have  a  limited  number  of  YOUNG  SOWS 
in  pig  FOR  SALE.         Address 

J.     B.     GRAY,     FREDERICKSBURG.  VA. 


FOR  SALE— Three  Finely  Bred 


V%.  ■%/%^%/*/%^  ■%'%^%'%'%^  ■< 


BERKSHIRE  BOAR 


PIGS  ;  ready  the  latter    part  of  January. 

FOREST  HOME  FARM,  Purccllvillc,  Va. 


62 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


[January 


NO  POETRY  IN  CATTLE  BUSINESS. 

"The  cattle  busineFS  does  not  offer  op- 
portunities for  poetry  now,"  said  a  sun- 
Dumed  Westerner  to'  his  Wall  St.  friend 
the  other  day.  The  two  men  were  taking 
luncheon  together  at  a  downtown  restau- 
rant, and  as  the  waiter  spread  the  cloth 
the  city  man  remarked : 

"What  could  a  poet  ever  do  out  in  your 
wild  West,  except  be  a  tenderfoot  and  an 
easy  mark,  as  we  say  now  adays?" 

"Well,  what  I  meant  was  that  ranch 
ing  is  not  such  a  romantic  and  picturesque 
business  now  as  some  writers  paint  it," 
was  the  reply.  ''There  was  a  time,  be- 
fore I  was  baldheaded,  about  thirty  years 
ago,  or  perhaps  less,  when  the  cattlemen 
had  no  fences  to  their  pasture  grounds. 
They  simply  branded  their  cattle,  and 
once  a  year  they  went  out  and  rounded 
them  up.  Each  man  then  singled  out  the 
cattle  of  his  mark,  and  then  came  a  long 
drive  to  the  railroad.  These  early  ranch- 
ers thought  that  they  owned  the  prairies 
by  divine  right. 

"About  fifteen  years  ago  a  change  came. 
Hundreds  of  thousands  of  emigrants 
came  pouring  in,  the  great  majority  of 
whom  were  from  Scandinavian  countries. 
The  opening  up  of  the  Indian  lands  of 
Oklahoma  and  its  division  into  smaller 
farms  took  away  many  a  hundred  square 
mile  from  the  old  pasture  lands.     At  the 

E resent  time  a  cattle-raiser  must  fence  in 
is  property,  own  it  or  lease  it,  and  by 
irrigation  get  as  much  vegetation  out  of 
it  as  possible.  His  cattle  are  carried 
away  from  his  barns  b5'  express  trains,  in 
refrigerating  cars,  and  everything  is  sys- 
tematized as  in  a  department  store." 

"Well,  I  shouldn't  think  a  poet  could 
get  very  fervid  over  refrigerated  beef,"  was 
tne  answer,  as  the  Wall  St.  man  drank  a 
glass  of  iced  spring  water. 

underground:;water. 

In  the  Eastern  part  of  the  country  the 
value  and  extent  of  underground  waters 
are  illustrated  oy  the  enormous  quantity 
used  in  the  city  of  Savannah,  Ga.  In 
1888,  the  entire'  supply  of  the  city  was 
drawn  from  wells  yielding  5,850,000  gal- 
lons a  dav,  a  total  for  the  year  of 
2,13.5,842  000  gallons.  In  the  course  of 
time,  this  supply  somewhat  diminished, 
and  it  was  suspected  that  the  flow  was 
obstructed  in  its  entrance  to  the  wells. 
The  pipes  were  accordingly  flushed  by 
forcing  into  them  water  under  bigh  pres- 
sure, and  the  flow  was  markedly  im- 
proved. 

The"study  of  underground  water  in  its 
relation  to  the  effective  water  supply  of 
the  country  is  one  of  the  most  important 
departments  of  the  work  of  the  United 
States  Geological  Survey.  It  is  carried  on 
in  the  arid  regions,  where  water  for  irri- 
gation is  of  the  greatest  value;  in  the 
Middle  West,  where  grazing  and  success 
fnl  farming  largely  depend  on  it,  and  in 
the  East,  where  an  unpolluted  supply  for 
domestic  and  municipal  use  is  yearly  be- 
coming a  more  serious  problem. 

One  of  the  greatest  triumphs  for  an 
ambitions  young  man  is  to  learn  to  be 
contented,  to  be  satisfied  with  doing  a 
good  honest  day's  work  ;  to  be  contented 
to  live  humbly,  if  necessary,  while  his 
neighbors  roll  m  wealth. — StuxeM. 


TWO  CROP  ESSENTIALS 

are  cultivation  and  keepiner  down  weeds. 
M-'pe  important  than  tieep  cultivatiuu  is 
kt't-pinj?  the  surface  stirrea,  breafcin^  the 
LTustdue  to  rains,  and  allowiu^  the  lijjht, 
air.  moisture  and  warmth  to  penetrate 
quickly  to  the  roots  of  the  prowinp  plant. 
I  For  do'ins  just  these  things  the  ideal  imple- 
ment is  the 

Adjustable  Weeder 
and  Shallow  Cultivatop. 

It  kii'.<  tlie  weeds  at  tirst  .■ihowiDK.  the  top  soil  is  pulverized  and  kept  mellow,  the  plant 
roots  are  u  .t  disturbed  and  the  moist  soil  is  not  brought  up  to  dry  in  the  sun.  Adjustable 
in  width.  Narrows  to  30  Inches,  widens  to  754  'eet.  StrouB,  runs  steady,  no  cumbersome 
sliafts.  Furnished  either  with  round  teeth  or  with  flat  to  suit  different  soils,  as  we  are 
licensed  by  the  Hallock  Weeder  Conipunv  to  use  their  famous  flat  teeth.  Weeder  booklet 
mailed  free  We  also  make  lust  vies  Corn  Planters,  li  styles  Cultivators.SO  styles  Com  Shel- 
lers,  hand  and  power.  Harrows,  Field  Rollers,  Feed  Cutters,  etc.    Write  tor  catalogue  C. 

KEYSTONE  FARM  MACHINE  CO.,-  1554  N.  Beaver  St.,  York,  Pa. 


KEYSTONE 


A  Perfect  Weeder 

in  all  soils,  under  all  conditious.    The  all  important  feature  of  tlexibihty 
of  teeth  is  near  perfection  in  the  YORK    IMPROVED. 

Made  of  square  sprin^steel  with  round  points,  an>isetstaff- 
pered  in  stronpr  bat  flexible  ong^e  Fteel  frame.  Wide  clearance,  no 
oloirelnff.  teeth  t«o  utrone  to  break.  Multiplies  producing  qualities 
of  soil  and  does  not  whip  or  bruise  grnwinff  plant.  Adjustable 
handles  and  shafts.    Write  for  free  descriptive  cirouiar. 

Spangler   Manufacturing  Co.,  501  Queeo  Sheet,  York,  Pi. 


CISMONT  DORSETS.. 


CISMOST  STOCK  FARM  offers  well  developed  young 
Dorsete  of  the  beat  blood  of  England  and  America. 


Prices  reasonable. 


G.  S.  LINDENKOHL,  Kaswick.  Albemarle  Co.,  Vi. 


«C^23ei^t>««^220«4^S20]^D'^eai^< 


HOI.STEINS  THAT  PAY. 

Purchapers  are  olTered  (^elections  from  our  herd,  both  male  and  female ; 
our  C0W8  are  of  the  leading  strain?,  including  De  Kols,  Pauline  Pauls,  Mech- 
thildes  Hengervelds,  Nether  andg.  Aggies,  etc.,  etc.  They  are  11  well  bred 
and  milking  from  40  to  ti">  lbs.  per  dav.  Herd  headed  by  Dry  ALWINA 
Count  Paul  De  Kol  and  DeKol  29  Butter  Boy  3rd  No  2. 

THOS.  FASSITT  &  SONS,      Ury  Stock  Farm,     Sylmar,  Md, 


190S.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


63 


^^^^^V^^^^V^^^^^^^^»^X>^A^»V»^^^^^»X 


THE  BUGHER  &  GIBBS  PLOW  CO., 

^^^vou,,,      EpiAL-  C A-WTOKT,  OHIO. 

,.    THE  iWLiKTHEWORU)  ' 

""«iST*''^*"°^°'"^°"''^  MANUFACTURE  A  FULL  LINE  OF 

PLOWS  in  all  sizes;  SPIKE-TOOTH,  SPRING- 
TOOTH  and  DISC  HARROWS;  ONE-HORSE 
CULTIVATORS,  and  LAND  ROLLERS. 


OHIO.  V 


This  popular  Plow  is 

made  strong  and  durable. 
Gives   satisfaction  to  the 
farmer. 
Our  full   line   of  goods  for 
sale  by 

XH£:  IlMCPI.E:iM[EN"r  coi^pji\.ny, 

Catalogue  Free.  General  Ascents,  I302-I304  E.  Main  St.,  RICHMOND,  VA 

..THE.. 

Cardwell  Machine  Co., 

Cary  and  ipth  Sts.,  l^ichmondj  Va„ 

. .  MANUFA  CTURERS.. 

AGRICULTURAL  IMPLEMENTS 

AND  MACHINERY. 

THRESHERS.   HORSE  POWERS,  CORN  PLANTERS,  CORN 
SHELLERS,  SMITH  WELL  FIXTURES,  GENUINE 
SMITH  STRAW  CUTTERS,   PEANUT  MA- 
CHINERY, BALING-  PRESSES. 

Tobacco  Machinery,  Trucks,  Screws,  Elevators,  Hand  and  Power,  for 
Stores,  Factories  and  Wareliouses. 

Successors  to  J  W.  CARDWELL  &  CO.  and  H.  M.  SMITH  &  CO. 


64 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAITrBB. 


[January 


WHAT  WOMEN  CAN  DO  FOR  THE 
PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

You  can  first  visit  the  school  and  see 
that  the  house  is  dean  before  the  feesion 
opens ;  that  there  ate  enough  seats  au<l 
books,  or  nails,  for  hatn,  wiaps  and  lunch 
(•a^kels;  that  there  are  a  pail  for  water, 
drinking  vtssels,  basin,  towels  and  soap  ; 
that  thi^  yard  is  clean,  and  s-oine  8hrul)B 
and  trees  planted,  with  vines  to  screen 
out-iUiliiiii(!S.  If  the  yard  is  muddy,  anil 
especially  if  it  be  the  rt-d  mud,  tie  mre  to 
have  a  walk  made,  and  a  few  boards  will 
help  a  great  deal.  PUce  on  the  walls  one 
or  more  good  pictures.  Copies  of  the 
world's  niaster  pieces  can  be  had  for  a 
penny  each,  and  large  pictures  for  from 
five  to  twenty  five  cents  each.  But  do 
not  dfgrade  the -rchool-room  by  filling  it 
with  trash  :  better  a  perfectly  bare  room 
than  one  filled  with  tawdry  decorations 
covered  with  dust      Start  a  hbrary. 

I  have  been  in  many  comfortable 
homes  where  the  only  hooks  were  a 
few  old  school-books,  the  Bible,  and  the 
Almanac,  and  it  is  no  wonder  that  we 
have  suffered  at  ihe  hands  of  the 
hictorians  when  this  is  true.  Help  the 
teacher  by  aiding  in  and  arranging  for 
social  evenings  and  ntertainmentsa'  the 
school  houce.  Vi-it  the  school  and  inter- 
est others  in  d'  ing  so.  The  women  of  the 
State  can  do  for  the  school-houses  a  work 
similar  to  that  which  they  have  done  for 
every  clun-h,  and  the  hopes  of  all  good 
women  will  be  realized  just  in  proportion 
to  the  rational  development  and  the 
feteady  progress  of  the  civilizing  work  of 
churches  and  schools.  -  jlfr.*.  C.  1).  Mrletr 
in  an  Arldrers  in  A'ortli  Carolina  Federation 
of  Women'!  Hubs. 

LATEST  GOVERNMENT  MAPS  OF 
NORTH  CAROLINA. 
Two  excellent  maps  of  portions  of 
North  Carolina  have  rt-cently  i-ome  from 
the  press  of  the  United  States  Geoli  gical 
Survey.  One  of  them,  that  of  the  Wil- 
1  amston  quadrangle,  shows  a  section  of 
Bertie,  Martin  and  Pitt  lountiesand  that 
P'  rtion  of  Roanoke  Valley  between  Ham 
ilton  and  VVilliams-on.  The  other,  that 
of  Ihe  Cranberry  quadrangle,  shows  the 
extreme  northwestern  portion  of  the  State 
in  the  heart  of  the  Blue  Ridgf,  ai  d  in- 
cludes pirtioneof  .Mitchell, C.Mwell,  Wa- 
tautia,  Ashe  and  Wilkes  counties,  N.  C, 
and  of  Carter  and  Johnson  counties,  Tenn. 
Orandfaiber  Mountain,  with  an  elevation 
of  5,'.iGt  feet,  is  the  highest  represented 
on  tl  e  sheet,  but  many  others  are  seen  to 
reacii  the  5,i'i  Ofool  elevation. 

Both  these  mans  areunusually  accurate 
in  derail,  fhowing  all  roads  and  trail- anrl 
even  indicating  the  locations  of  dwellings 
in  the  country  dihtiict.4.  1  hey  employ 
contours,  or  lines  of  erpial  elevation,  to 
indicate  the  topography,  which  g  ves 
vivid  impressions  of  the  shapes  and 
elopes  of  bills  and  mountninp,  and  espe 
cially  in  the  Cranberry  (juadrangle. 

IVNOVATION. 

It  was  Communion  Sunday  in  a  church 
where  little  Dorothy  had  never  before 
attended.  On  the  way  home  she  said  to 
her  mother: 

"Well,  mamma,  that  is  the  first  church 
I  ever  was  in  where  they  served  refresh- 
ments."—/anuari/  LippincoU'i  Magazine. 


W' 


ORDEF^  EARi:>" 


wanttneet  ! 


e  bncgy i 


, "BLoulilsund  fof'ibe  mamoiotli  c.ualOk'u 

SPLIT   HICKORY   VEHICLES 

will  tell  you  ^■boutour  HJO  eic]u«iv8  alyles  of  vehicles  mad.  _. 
wth  Split  Hickor)—t.|.lit.  not  kaw.<.l-auy  ot  which  will  be  made 

^o','  30    DAYS'    FREE   TRIAL 

.  iifter  trirtl  if  not  just,  as  joa  expected.    We  have  satia- 


OurSPLIT  HICKORY  SPECIAL  at  $ 

Imho  bifnest  bu«(ry  baruain  in  Ihe  world.    De-^ 


Send" for  that 


OHIO   CARRIACE   MFG.    CO., 


CASTALIA  HEREFORDS... 

The  bre»>(llngcow»  and  herd  buUsat  "Paiitxlla"  havo  been  se- 
lecled  with  one  aliri;  THE  BEST.  REUARDI  ESS  TO  COST.  Herd 
headed  by  Ihe  sa.OOO  00  Imcirted  SALISBljRV.  aRsi.-te.i  b.v  LAVS. 
JR  I  Imve  D*»w  ftir  sale  a  very  fine  bunch  of  bull  calves  by  Ihese 
Oullh.  also  a  few  feraaleH.    Vibitors  are  welcome  aud  met  at  statluu. 

Wille  your  needs. 


MURRAY   BOOCOCK. 


Keswick,  Va. 


BACON  HALL  FARM. 

PEREFOBDbesistebedCBTTLE 

"TOP"  BREEOINQ.  CALVES  NOT  AKIN. 
MOTTO— Satisfaction  or  no  Sale. 


E    M.  QILLET  &  SON, 


Glencoe,  Maryland. 


NHKOPNHlRi;  NHEKP.— BuckB,  One  yearold  and  over.  116  to  CU.    Buck  Lambi,  July  Oe- 

llvery,  $10.  and  «r2.     Ewe  Lambs,  Jaly  delivery,  $8.  and  $10. 
pol.AI«D-«'HINA   HO«n — Plge.  «lx  weeks  old,  15.      Pigs,  two  or  three  months  old,  r.M 

H  gs,  Ovt  months  and  over,  815  to  120. 
M.  BRORZe  TrRKETN — Toms,  M.    Hens,  $3.    Eggs,  per  sitting  of  12,  when  In  seMon  $4. 
II|IN<M»VT  nrcKN.  -  Pnre  Whlt<-  Drakes,  J1.28.  Pure  White  Dncks,  »1.    Pairs.  12.26;  trios,  » 
RARKF.D   Pl.TMorTH    RO<«,)i4. 
Ri>r  FN  UKEME — Uanders,  J2.S0.    0«e«e.  18.60.    Eggs,  per  sitting,  $3.00 

WILUAM  L,  Jr.,  No.  21068.  half  brotbor  uf  Axtell,  will  serve  a  Umlted  namberof  mare*  ttn 
tUS  the  season.    Marea  boarded  at  lowest  llgnies  per  month. 


1903  J 


THE  80UTHRBN  PLAJrTEB. 


b6 


SHELBURNES 

Is  the  BEST  WAREHOUSE 

in  Richmond,  the  BEST  MARKET  for  all  grades  of  Tobacco.  It 
is  the  home  of  sun  and  air  cured  Tobacco  and  headquarters  for 
flue-cured  and  shipping  types.  Here  are  located  the  head  offices  and 
stemmeries  of  all  the  large  corporations,  Regie  representatives  and  the 
largest  number  of  independent  factories  and  buyers  in  the  United  States. 

SHELBURNES    WAREHOUSE 

Has  the  largest  lighted  space,  insuring  equal  attention  to  every  pile. 
Ample  accommodations  in  every  way  for  all  our  customers. 
Correspondence  solicited. 

SILAS  SHELBURNE  &  SON,  Props.,  12tli  and  Canal  Sts..  RICHMOND,  VA. 


WAGONS  and  BUGGIES 

MADE 

RIGHT  HERE 

AT  HOME 

The  BARBOUR  BUGGY  CO., 
The  HUGHES  BUGGY  CO., 
The  VIRGINIA  WAGON  CO. 


All  of  Virginia. 


These  vehicles  are  gjaranteed  to  be  as  good  as  can  be  bought  elsewhere  ;  material  and  workman- 
ship unsurpassed  ;  all  sizes  and  styles,  prices  low.  We  can  save  you  time,  money  and  freight  by 
purchasing  our  vehicles.  Send  for  our  illustrated  catalogues.  Drop  in  our  warehouse  and  inspect  our 
stock.     Inquiries  cheerfully  answered. 

RICHMOND  BUGOY  &  WAGON  CO.,  1433  E.  INain  Street,  RICHMOND,  VA. 

J.  T.  DUNN,  Manager. 


66 


IHB  80XJTHKBN  PLAKTEB. 


[January 


A  RELIABLE  SEED  HOUSE. 
We  tnifit  that  none  of  oar  readers  will 
overlook  the  seed  advertisement  of  the 
Griffith  &  Turner  Company  of  Baltimore, 
Md.,  which  ie  running  in  our  columne. 
We  believe  it  contains  a  suggestion  which 
cannot  but  be  helpful  in  selecting  seeds 
for  the  new  crop.  Aside  from  the  imper- 
ative necessity  of  changing  seeds  from 
time  to  time,  bringing  something  new  to 
the  same  old  soil  which  constitutes  the 
farmers'  plant  for  a  generation,  it  must 
appeal  to  every  one  as  being  the  wise 
thing  to  procure  the  seed  from  that  part 
ticular  region  of  country  where  that  par- 
ticular kind  of  seed  reaches  i's  highes- 
development.  Right  here  is  where  the 
Griffith  &  Turner  people  come  in.  They 
make  a  study  of  seeds  and  seed-growing 
in  connec'.ion  with  climate  and  from  the 
region  there  any  particular  kind  reaches 
its  best  form,  in  that  region  they  grow 
and  bring  their  supply  to  their  Baltimore 
house,  and  are  thus  enabled  to  furnish  to 
patrons  in  any  part  of  the  country  what 
18  certain  to  be  the  most  protitable  seeds 
to  plant  This  policy  has  been  a  most 
advantageous  one  to  the  company,  result- 
ing in  recent  years  in  a  most  rapid  exten- 
sion of  their  trade,  particularly  through 
the  Xorthern  regions.  The  firm  is  per- 
fectly reliable  and  painstaking.  Any  one 
writing  for  their  catalogue,  which  is 
mailed  free,  may  rest  assured  that  he  is 
about  to  deal  with  a  firm  whose  chief 
concern  is  to  supply  seeds  which  will 
produce  the  very  best  results. 

Every  boy  bom  in  the  world  should  be 

Eut  in  the  way  of  maintaining  himself  in 
onest  independence.  No  education  that 
does  not  make  this  its  first  aim  is  worth 
anything  at  all.  The  being  able  to  do 
Bomething  is  of  infinitely  more  value 
than  the  ability  to  answer  questions. 

More  and  more  is  it  coming  to  be  seen 
that  the  industrial  hope  of  the  South  is 
in  a  wider  dissemination  of  scientific,  tech- 
nical and  manual  education,  in  making 
universal,  so  far  as  maj-  be,  that  knowl- 
edge of  the  forces  of  mechanics  that  will 
le^  to  the  development  and  mastery  of 
the  material  resources  that  still  lie  slum 
bering  in  the  depths  of  our  hills  and 
fields  and  forests — this  is  the  supreme 
need  of  our  impoverished  Southland. — 
Prof.  C.  C.  Thach,  of  JJfibama  PolyUchnic 
InstUuie.  ' 

THE  WORST  PUXLSHMENT. 

"De  punishment  what  Dives — de  rich 
man — got  down  yonder  is  wusser  than 
fire,"  said  the  colored  preacher. 

"  How  come  dat,  parson,"  asked  a  mem-  [ 
ber  of  his  flock.  ; 

"Digapp'intment,"  was  the  reply. 
"  Ever'  time  he  hear  a  rumblin'  noise  I 
overhead,  he  'low  ter  hisse'f  it's  thunder  i 
en  it's  fixin'  t«r  rain  en  ter  put  de  fire 
out ;  but  Satan  des  chuckle  ter  hisse'f, 
en  say  ter  'im :  '  Brace  up,  ole  man  1 — dat  ! 
ain't  no  thunder ;  it's  only  yo'  frien'  Lath- 
erus  snorin'  on  Abraham's  buzzum.'  " — 
Atlania  Constitution. 

A  NEAT  BINDEB  for  your  back  i 
numbers  can  be  had  for  25  centfi.  Ad- 
dress the  Business  Office. 


The  Miller  MANURE  SPREADER  and  PULVERIZER 


w^iflfOT^tei^ie.      THE  NEWARK  MACHINE  CO.,      -      Newark,  Ohio. 

Mention  the  Southern  Plaster  when  you  write. 

THE  GREAT  WESTERN 

Manure  Spreader 

^J:.;  r^ENDIiSS  APRON Jl 

ia  place  s^d  ready  to  receive  the  load  without 

any  tuming^backcitheTt'yhan-i  or  complicated. 

easily  broken  machinery.  ThefroDt  and  rear 

axles  are  of  same  length  which,  with  tbs 

Broad  Tires  Prevents  Ruttio£^ 


LIGHT  DRJiFT.    SPREADS  ALL  KINDS  OF  MANURE,  s...d..  .c.p...^.>c.^. 

hulls,  etc.    C«ii  be  cinnced  InHontly  to  «prea<l  thick  or  thin  Vi  "^  Jil-ll^  ..l^.ll.'' 

l?^'',.-.%.''^'c-«...iEND  GATE  AND  BEATER  AND  HOOD  PROTECTOR  IN  USE 
"d^°i' POSITIVE  GUARANTEE Sn.r.e'ii'L'i'/^^^^ 

Cataloroe— theSest3.Edmo5t  cczip'.ete  s^rc:iitT  c3.t^.>g  ever  p-thiV-e.i.  «___     ... 

SMITH  MANURE  SPREADER  CO..  59  N.  JEFFERSON  STREET,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


n— s  <o*a 

cf  best  m»- 
=e  ye 


»^^^^^»^^^^V» 


GUERNSEY 


I  JERSEY  AND 

^CATTLE.^ 

D6rkShir6   HOSS,  youne  boars  ready  for  'ervice.  and  Pigs  in  pairs  or  trios  not 

akin.     Large,  young  Bronze  Turkeys.     A  few  Plymontli  Rock  and  Brown 

Leghorn  Fowls.     All  the  above  stock  ready  for  shipment  now. 

A  FEW  BEAUTIFUL  FOX  TERRIER  PUPPIES  AT  $5  EACH. 

M.  B.  ROWE,  -  Fredericksburg.  Va. 


BLACK-LEGINE 

Pasteur  Blackleg  Vaccine  ready  for  use.  ||pARi,Tlf 

Single  Blacklegine  (for  commou  stock):  10  dose  box,  $1.50; 
20  dose  box,  §2. oO;  50  dose  box,  $6.00.  Double  Blacklegine  (for 
choice  stock)  $2.00  for  10  dose.s,  first  lymph  aud  second  lymph  inclu- 
sive.    Blacklegiue  Outfit  for  applying  Blacklegine,  50  cents. 

Pasteur  Vaccine  Co., 

CHICAGO  -  NEW  YORX  -  FT.  WORTH  -  SAN  FRANCISCa 


1903  J 


THJi  BOUTHERN  PLAtTTBit 


67 


AGRICULTURAL  CHEMICALS  AND 
FERTILIZE  KS. 
The  ammoniate  market  is  steady  and 
firm.  Continued  inquiries  fiom  the  South 
ftie  being  reported,  but  the  business  as 
yet  has  not  developed  very  large  propor- 
tions. Nitrates  are  inclined  to  be  stiff, 
but  quotations  are  generally  unchanged. 
The  demand  for  fish  scrap  and  dried 
blood  continues  active,  while  the  supply 
iB  not  large. 

Ammoniates. 

Nitrate  of  soda,  spot,  per  100  lbs....$2  05 
Kitrate  of  soda,  futures,  100  lbs...  1  95 
Cottonseed  meal,  ton,  c.  i.  f.  N.  Y..  28  00 

Bulph.  ammonia,  spot 3  00 

Sulph.  ammonii,  shipment 2  97i 

Dried  blood.  New  York  grades 2  47J 

Dried  blood,  Western,  high  grade, 

fine  ground  2  60 

Fish  scrap,  at  New  York 2  55  &  lOe. 

Tankage,  per  unit 2  60  &  10c. 

Phosphates. 

Acid  phosphate,  per  unit   60 

Bone  black,  apot,  per  ton 17  00 

Ground  bone,  per  ton 23  50 

8.  C.  phosphate  rock,  ground,  per 

2,000  lbs 5  50 

8.  C.  phosphate  rock,  undried,  f. 

o.  b.  Ashley  River,  2,400  lbs 3  25 

do.  do        do.     dried..    3  50 

Florida,  high  grade  phosphate  rock, 

f.  o.  b.  Fernandina,  per  ton „  7  60 

Florida  land  pebble  phosphate  rock, 

f.  o.  b.  Fernandina,  per  ton 4  50 

Tennessee  phosphate,  f  o.  b.  Mt. 

Pleasant,  domestic 3  50 

do.        do.        do.        foliage..    4  00 

Potash. 

Kainit,  future  shipment,  per  ton..  3  05 
Keiseret,  future  ehipment,  per  ton,  7  60 
Mur.  potash,  80  p.c,  future  shipm't  1  80 
Double  manure  ealt  (48a49  percent. 

less  than  2}^  per  cent,  chlorine), 

shipment,  per  lb 1  00 

Basis  48  per  ct. 
High  grade  manure  salt  (90a93  per 

cent,  sulphate  potash)  shipment,  2  09 
Basis  90  per  ct. 
Manure  salt  in  bulk,  20  per  cent. 

perunit,  0.  F 64 

— Journal  of  Commerce  {N.  Y.)  Dec.  S9,  'OS. 

[Only  highest  prices  quoted. — S.  P.] 

THE  GROWING  WHEAT  CROP. 

On  December  4,  it  was  pointed  out  that 
while  most  of  the  recognized  private  au- 
thorities were  indicating  a  wheat  acreage 
smaller  than  last  year,  the  actual  area 
was  probably  not  much  short  of  that 
seeded  last  year,  and  much  larger  than 
that  harvested.  The  report  of  the  De- 
Bartment  of  Agriculture  issued  on  the 
10th,  more  than  confirms  this  position,  it 
placing  the  acreage  seeded  at  34,000,000 
acres,  against  32,000,000  seeded  last  year, 
and  27,000,000  harvested.  This  actual 
increase  in  breadth  comes  as  a  surprise 
and  is  at  variance  with  all  other  informa 
tion.  The  official  estimate  of  area  was 
certainly  too  low  for  the  last  crop,  and  it 
is  quite  possible  that  some  correction  of 
past  figures  is  involved  In  the  present 
estimate.  To  illustrate  the  differences 
that  now  exist  in  erop-reporting  circles. 


1903. 


The  Line  Includes 
Up-to-Date  Disc  Plows, 
Sulky  &  Gang  Plows, 
Stalk  Cutters, 
Subsoilers, 
Planters, 
Cultivators,  Etc 


Farm  Right  and  Prosper. 

farmer's  genius  is  shown  and  his  prosperity  meas- 
ured by  what  he  works  with. 

Labor-Saving 
TOOLS 

have  t  lie  mod- 
9       ern  idea, 
make  yoxir 
lands  yield  the  most 
with  least  labor,  ^ive  you  such 
;  as  money  makersin  other  call- 
ingsenjoy.  Write  our  nearest  house 
about    any  Lahor-Saving  Im- 
plements you  require. 

B.  F.  Avery  &  Sons, 

Manufacturers, 
Louisville,  Ky, 
Memphis,  Tenn. 
New  Orleans,  La. 
Dallas,  Tex. 


JERSEY  GATTLE^^ 

Bred  from  high-testing  St.  Lambert  Cows. 

LARGE  VORKSHIRE  HOGS. 

The  BACON  BREED  now  leading  all  other  breeds  for  making 
high-priced  bacon. 

HWDIAX  GAMES— The  king  of  table  fowls. 

WHITE ^WYANDOTTES— The  best  general-purpose  fowl. 

WHITE  IiEGHORjrS-All.sold  out. 
Address 


Reg.  HOLSTEIN-ERIESIAN 

CATTLE  of  the  Netherland,  De  Kol,  Clothilde,  Pietertje  and 

Artis  families.     Heavy  milkers  and  rich  in  butter  fat. 

Stock  of  all  ages  for  sale. 

Reg.  BERKSHIRES  From  noted  strains.  Imported  Headlight,  Lord 
Highclere  and  Sunrise. 

^^:^^DO/?SE'T  SHEER. .^^ 

B.  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  CHICKENS,  Fifteen  Cockerels  for  sale 


N.  and  \V.  and  Southern  B.  B. 


T.  O.  SANDY,  Burkeville,  Va. 


'THE 
OAKS 


SHORTHORNS 


FOR 
SALE 


2  Reg.  Bull  Calves;  2  Reg.  Cows;  1  three-year-old  Reg. Bull  (immune)  raised  south 
of  Petersburg.  Va.    All  right  in  every  particular. 

-   I  B.  B.  BVCHANAIV,  Bedford  City,  Va. 


RIPPLEY'S. 


o^mMo^utn  $163111  Gookcrs 

Id  undera  guarantee  torcookiDgfeed,lieating  Poultry,  Hop  and 
Dairy  houses,  heating  water  in  stock  tanks  or  cooking  feed  200  ft, 
from  Cooker.  Aremade  of  boiler  steel;  no  flues  to  niBt  or  leak.  Can 
be  usedoutsideorinhouse.  Safe  as  a  stove.  Wlllcook25bu.offeed 
inShrs.  Used  and  endorsed  by  Wis.,  la,,  Va..  Ga.  and  Ont.  State 


Sieam  Coolcera.    Cooker  uid  Broeden'  Supply  C&talogne  and  prices  m&iUd  free. 

RIPPLET  HARDWARE  CO..  Cooker  Mfn.,  Box  70    GRAnOH,  ILtlNOIS. 


68 


THE  80UTHEEN  PLANTEB. 


[Jauuaiy 


it  ma-v  be  pointed  out  that  the  Kansas 
State  report  shows  wheat  seedinfr  3.7  per 
cent,  less  than  last  year,  while  thf  bureau 
BhowB  an  increase  of  8  per  cent.,  Illinois 
reports  5  per  rent,  less,  government  6  per 
cent,  more,  Missouri  reporta  10  per  cent. 
leea,  government  11  per  cent.  more. 

SOUTHERN  ARTISTS. 

Mary  ■Washington. 
After  writinir  a  series  of  articles  on  va 
rious  Southern  artists,  such  as  Allston, 
Sully,  F.  Hopkinson  Smith,  and  others, 
I  received  some  belated  intelligence  of  a 
few  others  of  which  I  will  make,  as  it 
were,  a  codicil  to  mv  former  articles.  One 
of  these  artists  is  Mr.  J.  D.  Woodward,  a 
native  of  Virginia,  though  he  has  been 
for  several  years  a  resident  of  New  York, 
when  he  has  not  been  in  Europ".  adding 
to  his  culture  in  art.  His  pictures  are 
well  known  in  the  exhibitions  in  New 
York,  as  well  as  in  other  art  centres,  and 
he  enjoys  a  very  good  standing  in  his  own 
school. 

Mr  Woodward  is  a  landscape  painter, 
mostlv  in  oil,  but  has  done  a  great  deal 
of  work  for  the  publishers  in  bl  ck  and 
■white,  notably  for  the  Appleton  series  of 
"  Picturesque  America,  Europe  and  the 
Holv  Land,"  besides  contributing  illus- 
trations to  a  number  of  other  publica- 
tions. 

Mr.  Woodward's  parents  lived  and  died 
in  Virg  nia,  and  his  brother  and  ner.hew 
are  still  prominent  merchants  in  Riih- 
mond. 

Amongst  the  many  objects  of  interest 
in  the  Confederate  museum  in  Ricbmond, 
Va.,  may  be  mentioned  a  tet  of  water- 
colorel  pictures  (twelve  in  number),  hy 
Mr.  Wm.  Shepherd,  a  Richmond  (Va.) 
man,  illnBtraling  the  life  of  the  Confed 
erate  solder.  The  subjects  are  as  fol- 
lows : 
The  Meis  Bov. 

Running  the  Blockade  on  Chesapeake 
Bay. 
Newspaper  in  the  Trenches.    1861. 
Sunday  in  Camp  in  18M.  ! 

Opening  of  Spring  Campaign. 
Company  O.     Stragglers. 
News  from  Home. 
Wounded  Comrade. 
Reveille. 
A  Last  Parting. 

Equipment  in  1S61  (black  and  white). 
Then  there  is  an  oil  painting  of  Mr. 
Shephenl's,  representing  an  artillery 
fight,  and  called  "Virginia." 

"in  addition  to  the  artistic  talent  and 
ekill  Mr.  Shepherd  has  put  into  these 
pictures,  he  has  furthermore  had  the  ad- 
vantage of  having  had  an  intimate  per- 
gonal knowleilge  of  the  scent-s  he  por 
trayed,  by  which  meaua  he  wa»  enahlwl 
to  depict  them  in  a  far  more  life-like 
manner. 

Richmond  has  also  produced  a  female 
artist  of  talent.  Miss  Adele  Williams, 
who  IB  perhaps  the  tiest  known  Virginia 
artist  of  the  vourger  generation.  Her 
wirk  ranks  high, especially  in  pastel  por- 
traits. 

I  regret  that  I  have  only  been  able  to 
procure  such  meagre  information  a^nut 
the  above-named  gifted  lady,  but  suffice 
it  to  say  she  is  an  artist  who  does  great 
credit  to  the  South. 


ACME 


Sizes 
3to13  1-2  Feet. 

Agsnts 
Wanted 


Pulverizing  Harrow 

Clod  Crusher  and  Leveler 

SENT  ON  TRIAL 

be  returned  at  my  expense  if  not  satisfactory. 
The  best  pulverizer  — cheapest  Riding  Har- 
row on  earth.  We  also  make  walk- 
Acmes.     The  Acme 
crushes,  cuts,  pulverizes, 
^.        turns  and  levels  all 
soils  for  all  pur- 
poses.  Made  en- 
tirely of  cast  steel 
and  wrought  iron 
—indestructible. 

Catalog  and  Booklet,  ".4i  /</«/  f/arrou." by  Henr>-  Stew-art.  mailed  free. 
I  deliver  free  on  board  at  New  York.  ChicsfO.  Colnmbns.  Loaisvllle,  Kansas  City.  Minneapolis,  San  Francisco,  dc. 
Address  DUANE  H.  NA5H.  .<:-->Lf5  MANUFACTURER         -  MILLINGTON,  NEW  JERSEY. 

PiE.*^SE  MENTION  THIS  PAPER. 


POPULAR  TOOLS  FOR  MARKET  GARDENERS 

iD  DROPI        NEW  UNIVERSAL.        I    new  universal      j        ^,=*==*=^ 

1  ^\m^^":  "''■  °'  c^riforrpiV:  Sn'S.Orill 4  cultivator^  Jftmripi 


.u 


,  NEW  UNIVERSAL^ 

anisi  t-el       Wheel  Plows. 

jtmcd.  Adit5a:letoanydcpth  |jijjj^5f,.,^     For  Garie: 
POPULAR  PRICES.    19ri3  calalr-rue  of  latest  snips  now  rc'i'ly.  Free.  an  i  Po:;!terexs. 

AMES  PLOW  COMPANY,    56  MARKET  STREET,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

FOR  Sale  by  GRIFFITH  &  TURNER  CO  ,  BALTIMORE,  M  0. 


Farmers' $125  Saw  Mill. 

Cnti  2000  ft.  InmlMr  t  day  witli  only  4  k.  f , 

Oar  large,  handsome  catalocae  tails  all 
alKiut  the  lanioas  DeLoacti  Variable  Frte- 
tlon  Feed  Saw  Hills,  4  to  10(1  h  p..  IIJS  up. 
I>L«ach  Saw  Mill  Machinery  Planara, 
Shingle.  Ijih  and  Corn  Mills.  W»t«r 
Wheels,  •!«.  Writ*  for  calalogne  and  prto* 
t  o.  b.  yonr  depot,  DbIX)ach  Mill  Mrs. 
CX>.,  Box  em.  Atlanta,  Oa.  (Branch,  UM 
Liberty  8U,  New  York.) 


Japan  Plums 

And  all  other  deairable  standard  and  new 
varieties  of  PLUMS,  APPLE,  PEACH, 
PEABand  ORNAMENTAL  TREES, 
SHRUBS,  ROSES,  Etc. 

HEADQUARTERS  FOR  TENNESSEE 
PROLIFIC  STRAWBERRY. 

The  Most  Billable  Variety  Ever  rrown  In 
the  South. 


Three  bnndred  and  flrij-  aorem  under  onlUvaMon.    Write 
II    j»»u  foiiiempliile  pUntinc      Catalogue  tree. 

AQENTS  WANTED.     WRITE  FOB  TERMS. 

^AT.  T.  »:ooo 

OLD  DOMINION  NURSERY. 


CO., 

RICHMOND,  VA. 


1903.] 


THE  BOUTHBBN  PLAN  TEE. 


69 


Latest  Improved  FARM  IMPLEMENTS. 


HAND  POWER  CUTTER. 

These  machine*  Mil  at  •Ight.  They  have  heavy  fly 
wheels  and  mak«  thre«  can  to  each  turn  of  th«  crank. 
■I  hey  will  cut  h»y,  uti-aw  or  fodder,  ano  will  cut  ftom 
y,  to  1 1ncbaa.  They  are  »lilpped  K.  D.,  securing  the 
lowest  possible  freight  rates. 

LITTLE  GIANT  CORN  SHELLER. 

The  frame  Is  made  of  thoroughly  dry  hard  wood- 
Thtjoliita  mortUed  tenoned  and  bolted.  The  bear- 
ings are  bolted  on  to  th«  frame  Instead  of  screwed. 
The  iron  work  Is  made  from  thejvery  best  material, 


I  SCIENTIFIC  FEED  MILLS.  All  Sizes.' 


evrr  piece  lscar<-fuliy  Inspected  before  being  put  on. 
This  machine  Is  high  gracte  all  the  way  through.  "  '° 
handsomely  palnt«d,  striped  and  varnished. 


Th»  SCIENTIFIC  Urinding  iWills. 

Are  unequalled  for  grinding  ear  Corn,  shucks  on  or  ofl, 

Com,  Oats,  Whtiat  and  all  other  grains, 

single  or  mixed. 


* 


POWER  MILLS  In  Five  Sizes, 

2  to  30  horte  power. 

SCIENTIFIC  SWEEP  HILLS  In  Five  Sizes. 

Geared— plain  and  combined,  with  horse  power. 


Wood  Saws  for  Long  or  Short  Wood. 
Wood  or  Steel  Frame. 


ROSS 


FodderCutters,  Fodder 
Shredders,  Ontt»^rB  for 
all  purposes.  Corn  Shel- 
lers,  GrIndlDg  Mills, 
Horse  Powers  and 
Wood  Saws. 


ELI  BaLINU  HKEsSfcS. 

SS  styles  and  sizes.    For  horse  or  steam  power. 
Write  for  prices  and  catalogues. 


Buckeye  Force 

Pumps. 

Porcelained 

W«od  Pumps. 

Wood  and  Steel 

Wind  Mills. 


Bennett's  Improved  Stump 
Pullers. 

Three  sUes  and  10  styles. 
Write  for  catalogues  and  price§. 

Write  for  special  catalogues  aud  price  on 
any  Implements  wanted. 


Special  prices  given  on  Studebaker  and 
Brown  Wagons,  Buggies  and  Carts. 

Studebaker  Buggies,  all  styles,  Studebaker 
Carriages.  Studebaker  Carts,  Stude- 
baker Runabouts. 


DON'T  FORGET! 


Wood  Harr«ws— All  sizes. 
Disc  Harrows— All  sizes. 
Ipring  Tootli  Harrows— All  sizes. 
Aeme  Harrows— All  sizes. 

Harrows  of  all  styles  kept  in  stock  at  low-  ver  Plows  and  Repairs  is  at  H36  and  1438  Eas 

est  net  prices.  *'*'°  ^^^^^'  ^""^ 


I  in  town  who  claim 
to  sell  Oliver  Plows  and  Repairs  only  sell  the 
Imitation,  Bogus,  Cheap  Goods.  The  only 
place  in  Richmond,  Va.,  to  buy  Genuine  011- 

t 


~^-:^S^^ 


HENtNQ  &  NUCKOLS,  cH'.ri!1.°rNll.,  1436-38  E.  Main  Street,  mmm,  Vi. 


70 


THE  SOtTTHEKN  PLANTER 


[January 


CHRISTIAN  SCIENCE. 

A  colored  man,  who  worked  for  a 
white  man  who  believed  in  Faith  Cure, 
Christian  S<.-ience,or  whatever  it  is  called, 
was  an  hour  or  eo  late  reporting  to  work 
one  morning.  His  employer,  upon  in- 
quiry, was  told  that  he  was  detained  at 
home  on  account  of  the  illnefp  of  his 
brother.  The  Ctiristian  Scientist  ridi- 
culed the  idea  of  the  brother's  illne.«e, 
and  said  : 

"Henry,  your  brother  is  not  sick.  He 
just  thinks  he  is  sick  If  he  will  just 
use  his  mind,  exercise  his  will-power, 
decide  that  he  is  not  going  to  be  sick,  and 
will  have  faith  in  God,  he  will  get  right 
up,  and  you  won't  have  to  use  any  medi- 
cine " 

This  was  all  new  and  strange  doctrine 
to  Henry,  but  he  did  not  think  it  wi=e 
to  get  into  any  kind  of  argument  with 
his  boss,  80  he  scratched  his  head  and 
said  nothing. 

The  third  day  after  this  conversation, 
Henry  remained  a»ay  from  work  the  en 
tire  day.  AVhen  he  reported  for  work 
the  next  morning,  his  employer  said  : 

"Well,  Henry,  how  is  your  brother  to- 
day?   Does  he  still  think  he  is  sick  ?' 

■The  colored  man  replied :  "No,  sir ;  we 
buried  him  yesterday.  I  reckon  by  this 
time  he  thinks  he's  dead." — Silas  X. 
Floyd,  in  January  Lif^pincotl's  Magazint. 

A  PRUDENT  SALMON. 

Kitty  Collins  is  a  Newfoundland  fish- 
wife whose  sharp  tongue  and  dealings 
have  made  her  a  celebrity  the  length  of 
the  East  Shore.  The  man  or  woman  is 
yet  to  be  born  who  can  beat  her  on  any 
trade  which  savors  of  fish. 

She  lives  in  one  of  the  out-ports  and 
brings  her  fish  ti  S;.  John's  to  market. 

Early  one  spring  she  •••rought  the  first 
salmon  f.f  the  season  to  the  house  of 
the  Bishop  to  sell.  It  wa?  a  tine  salmon 
weighing  eight  pounds,  and  the  Bishop 
was  so  pleased  that  he  gave  her  not  only 
the  high  price  she  asked  for  it,  but  a  lit- 
tle extra  to  show  his  appreciation  of 
Kittv's  enterprise. 

When  the  salmon  was  dressed  it  was 
found  to  he  stuffed  with  about  two 
pounds  of  gravel.  The  Bishop  was  angry 
that  the  fish-wife  should  dare  tiy  her 
tricks  on  him,  and  demanded  that  he 
should  be  notified  when  she  appeared 
again. 

Kitty  was  not  long  in  making  a  return 
trip 

When  Kitty  stood  before  him,  the 
Bishop,  terrible  in  his  righteous  wruth, 
thundered : 

"What  do  you  mean,  woman,  by  sell- 
ing me  a  fish  filled  with  rocks?" 

"Oh,  but,  sir,  your  Grace,"  replied 
Kitty,  smiling  and  unruffled,  "don't  you 
remember  that  last  gale,  sir?  He  took 
on  ballast,  your  Grace  " — Cakoli.ve  Lock- 
BART,  in  January  LippinroU't  MiKjmine. 

PIT  GAMES. 


LET  THE  HAWKEYE  INCUBATOR 

Pay  Your  Child's  Way  Thro'  College. 


id  Ihe  whnJe  pr 
T..  bi 
T«rj-  bt*it  lucuii 

30  DAYS'  FREE  TRIAL. 

Froe  Illnstrated  Catalo 
d  receive  in  addii 

leading  poultry  paper. 

HAWKEVE  INCUBATOR  CO.,  Box 49,  Newion,  la. 


^  INCUBATORS  ON  30  D&YS'  TRIAL.   THE  WORLD'S  BEST  STANDARD  HATCHER.  > 

Tbousands  of  these  incubators  are  iu  successful 
operation  in  the  United  States,  Canada,  South 
Africa.  New  Zealand. Sweeden,  England, Hollatd, 
and  Germany.  These  machines  operate  to  perfec- 
tion and  always  bring  off  a  large  brood  of  strong, 
healthy  chicks.  Catalogue  with  full  particulars 
The  Standard  F.  C.  Incubator  Co.,  Dept.  5.  Rochester,  N.  Y..  U.  S.  A. 


Highest  Typewriting  Possibilities 
Available  Only  to  Users 


OF    THE, 


SMITH    PREMIER 
TYPE,WRITE,K 

Known  ETcrj-where.    Employed  by  Governments  and  Great  Corporations  which  command  only  the 
best  facilities.     Illustrated  Catalogue  and  *' Touch"  Typewritinfi  Instruction   Book  Free 

THE    SMITH    PREMIER    TYPEWRITER    COMPANY 

No.  519  Eleventh  St.,  N.  W.,  WASHINGTON,  D.  O. 


jf-    THE    ^ 


SEABOARD 

AIR  LINE  RAILWAY 

OPfERS 

PROFITABLE 

INVESTMENTS 


TO- 


THE  MANUFACTURER^ 
THE  STOCK  RAISER^ 
THE  DAIRYMAN^ 
THE  FRUIT  GROWER^ 
THE  TRUCKER. 
WHERE  YOUR  LABOR  IS  NOT  IN  VAIN^. 

Would  a  country  where  work  can  be  carried  on  the  entire  year  »nd  where  larjf* 
profits  can  be  realized  interest  you? 

The  SEABOARD  Air  Line  Railway  traverses  six  Southern  States  and  a  repon 
of  this  character.  One  two  cent  stamp  will  bring  handsome  illustrated  literatnre 
descriptive  of  the  feition. 

J.  B.  WHITE.  EDW.  F.  COST,  CHARLES  B.  RYiN, 

THOS.  W.  JARMAX.    •    Yancey  Mills,  V».   flen.  indastrial  Agt.,  Portsmouth,  Vs.     Traffic  Mgr.       fien.  Pass.  Ag.,  Portsmouth,  V». 


BLACK  DEVILS  and  RED  HOHSES. 

I  have  a  choice  lot  of  (Vicks  and  StagR  for  ^ale 

cheap,  writf  for  price.**.    Kkh».  8*-'  t>ersitl;ng. 

Guarantee  SHtlefaotlou. 


1903  ) 


THE  BOUrillRN  PLAUTBB 


71 


Agricultural  Implements  and  Machinery 


The  HockingValley  Cider  and  Wine  Mills 

Have  crushing  rollers  made  of  wood,  which 
Impart  no  taste  or  discoloration  to  the  Juice. 

Buckeye  Grain  and  Fertilizer  Drill 

With  hoes  or  disc.  Drills  grain  of  all  kinds, 
corn,  peas,  grass  seed  and  fertilizers. 

Our  Five-Hoe  Drill 

For  seeding  between  rows  of  standing  oom  Is 
a  great  success. 

Continental  Disc  Harrows, 

Changed  to  straigbtor  slanting  tooth  wlthoat 
stopping  team. 

Ensilage  and  Feed  Cutters. 

Capacities  from  600  to  16,000  pounds  per  hour. 

The  Union  Cutter. 

Crushes  the  stalk  after  it  leaves  the  knives- 
far  superior  to  shredding. 
The  Combined  Feed  Mill  and  Horse  Power 
Is  indispensable  to  every  farmer.  Qrlnd» 
corn,  shelled  or  on  cob,  grain  of  all  kinds, 
and  is  a  flrstrclass  horse-power  for  any  pur- 
pose.   Three  machines  In  one. 

The  McCormick  Corn  Binder 

Works  like  a  grain  binder,  cutting  and  tlelng 
the  corn  and  delivering  In  bundles. 

The  McCormick  Husker  and  Shredder. 

The  most  complete  machine  of  its  class  made. 
The  very  low  price  brings  it  within  the  means 
of  all. 

■^^  Corn  Shelters 

For  hand  or  power,  separating  corn  from  cob. 

Ch  u  rns— Improved   Buckeye 
Rocker. 

Unequalled  for  cheapness,  with 
simplicity,  strength,  durability 
and  perfect  work. 


OTOLONE 
JTaed  and  Ensllag-e  Cutters.    All  Sizes. 


Cane  Mills  and  Evaporators. 

Turned  rollers,  steel  shafts,  brass 
boxes,  enclosed  gearing.  Made  of 
special  Iron  of  great  strength. 

Portable  Evaporators 

With  furnace.  Pans  of  galvanized 
st«el  or  copper. 

Cucumber  Wood  Pumps 

Willi  porcelain-lined  cylinder,  for 
wellB  up  to  to  feet  In  depth. 

The  Hancock  Disc  Plow, 

Improved  for  1902. 
Will  work  In  any  land,  and  with  less  aran. 
than  any  other  disc  plow. 


Hand  Power  Press. 


Full  Circle  Horse-Power  Press. 


THE  WATT  PLOW  CO., 


Franklin  and  i  5th  Streets, 

ZUCIZ2ISOND.  VJk. 


72 


THE  80UTHEEN  PliANTBB. 


[January 


MARfHA'S  SOLUTION. 

A  Washington  housekeeper  rejoices  in 
the  po95e«»ion  of  a  irasherwoniaii  of  the 
olden  style,  and  jjete  much  amusement 
from  the  olil  woman's  converBalion.  Ke- 
cently,  while  counting  over  the  d'lthes 
the  hou.ekeeper  obietved  Aunt  Martha 
gazing  at  herself  in  the  mirror. 

"What  yo'  think  of  this  bonnet,  Miss 
Molly?    It's  new." 

"  It'i  very  becoming,"  said  the  lady, 
more  politely  than  truthfully,  "but, 
Annt  Martha.  I  am  afraid  yoa  are  get- 
tini{  very  extravagant.  I  am  sure  yon 
are  spending  all  you  make  in  clothea." 

"I  certainly  do  that  thing."  said  Annt 
Martha  seriously.  "  I  certainly  do.  You 
Bee,  I  saved  money  once,  and  it  was  stole, 
and  I  said  then,  "  I'll  spend  ez  I  go,  ez  I 
go,'  Miss  Molly,  'and  th«n  I  gets  the  good 
of  it  • " 

"  Btit,  Martha,  8ur«ly  you  are  putting 
by  a  little  money,  just  to  bury  you  ?" 

"Not  much,  I  ain't.  I  ain't  got  none 
of  thi»t  foolishness  'bout  me.  I'll  enjoy 
myself  while  I  live,  and  I  gness  after  I'm 
dead  I  c»n  stand  it  above  ground  jea'  as 
long  ai  any  one  kin  stand  havin'  me." — 
NiSA  E.  Ali.esdkr,  in  Lippincott's  Maga 
tine  for  January. 

A  LESSON  TAUGHT  AND  LEARNED. 

Not  unlike  some  other  great  m^-n,  Chief- 
Justice  Mar-ball  gare  little  attention  to 
dress  or  to  personal  pulchritude,  although 
his  face  was  unusually  handeoiie  A 
•tory  is  told  of  a  young  man  who  had 
recently  remored  to  Richmond.  'This 
new  comer  saw  in  the  market  a  rusty- 
looking  old  man  making  hlg  way  slowly 
through  the  entrance,  and  walking  up  to 
him  abruptly,  asked  Mm  if  he  woold  not 
like  to  make  a  ninepence  by  carrying  a 
tarkey  home  for  him.  Th«old  man  qui 
etly  took  the  turkey  and  walked  behind 
the  newlv-arrived  citizen  without  a  word 
mntil  thelatter  had  reached  his  own  gata. 

"  Catch  !"  said  the  young  man,  tossing 
ft  ninepence  to  his  hireling. 

The  old  man  caught  the  ninepecce,and 
aa  he  turned  to  walk  away  a  gentleman 
passing  by  bowed  deferentially  to  him. 

"Who  i4  that  shabby  old  fellow?" 
uked  the  turkev  buyer. 

"The  Chief-J^ustice  of  the  United 
States,"  was  the  reply. 

"  Impoaaible,"  stammered  the  blunder- 
er. "  Why  did  he  bring  the  turkey — 
why " 

"  To  teach  yon  a  lesson  in  good-breed- 
ine."  interrupted  the  gentleman.  "He 
will  give  the  money  away  before  he  gets 
h-  mfl.  but  I  have  no  doubt  he  is  enjoying 
the  joke  you  have  so  condetcendingly 
giien  him."— Z  Cocke,  in  January  Lip- 
pincoW$  Magazine. 

BOWMONT  FARMS. 
We  invi'e  attention  to  the  advertise- 
ment of  the  Bowmont  Farms,  to  be  found 
elsewhere  in  this  issue.  The  offering  this 
month  consists  of  Jerseys,  large  York- 
•hire  hogs  anil  Indian  game  fowls.  You 
will  always  get  good  stock  and  treatment 
from  OjI-  Bowman,  the  proprietor. 

A  NEIT  BIND  EH  for  your  back 
numbprs  can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Ad- 
dress the  Business  Oflice. 


CHARTER 

Gasoline 
Engines. 


AL90    ON    WHEELS. 

The  N.  C.  Department  of  Agriculture  uses  this  engine  in  the 
portable  style  on  their  Test  Farm. 

AS  STEADY  AND   RELIABLE  AS   A 
GRANDFATHER'S   CLOCK. 

SYDNOR  PUMP  &  WELL  CO., 

Box  949.  RICHMOND.  VIRGINIA,   i 


COLD  WEATH 


R  IS  HERE. 

HAVE  YOU  A 

CELEBRATED 

LEHMAN 
HEATERP 


The  areatcst  Comfort  Is  to  be  Derived 
Therefrom  in  Cold  Weather. 


NO   CAKRIAQB   OK    SLEIOIJ  IS 
COMPLBTB  WITHOUT  ONE. 

SALES  ANNUALLY  OVER  10.000.      175,000  IN  USE. 

For  BooKlet  and  other  Information  address 

LEHMAN    BROTHERS,   Mfrs  ,  JAMES  W,   ERRINQER, 

10  BOND  ST.,  NEW  YORK.  Gen'i  Western  Sales  Aft.. 

Mention  Southern  Planter  when  ivrilinff.  J97  Wabash  Ave.,         -        CHICAGO,  ILL 


ASSETS.   $900.000. 

Virginia  Fire  and  flarine 

Insurance  Company,  of  Richmond,  Va. 

Insures  Against  Fire  and  Lightning. 

ALL    DESCRIPTIONS    OF    PROPERTY     IN     COUNTRY    AND     TOWN.    PRIVATE     OB 
PUBLIC,  INSURED  .\T  FAIR  RATES.  ON  ACCOMMODATING  TERMS. 

AGENCIES  IJS  E>l  ERY  TOWN  AND  COUNTY. 

WM.  H.  PALMER,  PRESIDENT.  W.  H.  M'CARTHY,  SECRETARY. 


,.^,,       DAVISON  HARROW  CO.    '   ^,^=^> 

■'■J^f^  ^'^^  THE  LARGEST  MANUFACTURERS  OF  /^  bA'     - 

yl^^^i  SFRxisra-  tooth  hahro-ws  ^^/sx    . " 


19§3] 


THE  80UTHBEN  PLAinBR. 


73 


I   LEE'S   PR^P^'^^P  AQRiCUTURAL   L|^E 

For  COTTON  when  used  on  land  with  a  fair  amount  of  veget*tion  or  with  COMPOST  (which  is  better  the 
crop»  are  as  good  as  from  any  Fertilizer.  It  prevents  RUST  and  SHEDDING  and  keeps  the  plants  green  much 
longMr  in  dry  weather. 

PEANUTS  With  the  same  conditions  as  above,  it  is  a  COMPLETE  FERTILIZER  for  this  CROP.  Our 
cu-tomers  say  it  is  eq'jal  to  the  BEST  FERTILIZERS  ON  THE  M  ARKET. 

DARK  HEAVY  TOBACCO  Hani  oat  your  farm  pen  .scrapings,  plow  under  and  broadcast  500  to  600 
Us.  per  acre  (the  eadier  the  better),  and  you  will  get  a  heavy  crop  of  Tobacco  and  a  fine  ciop  of  Wijeat  and 
Clover  or  other  grass,  and  by  proper  rotation  will  have  a  rich  lot  for  any  crop. 

BRIGHT  TOBACCO  Oar  customers  say  that  200  lbs.  per  acre  in  the  drill  with  other  Fertilizer  will  prevent 
the  fobacco  from  FlRlNli  and  ijiving  it  a  GOOD  BODY  and  increase  its  value  $20  per  acre  For  Wheat,  Oats, 
Clover  and  other  grass  it  is  exceptionally  good. 

It  prevents  RUST.  SCAB  and  SMUT  in  WHEAT  and  and  all  say  it  is  the  best  thing  for  clover  thev  ever  used.  Fruit 
Growers  will  find  a  WONDERFUL  IMPROVEMENT  by  it  use  on  their  Orchards  and  Vineyards. 


I 


Our  EXCELS80R  TOBACCO  PERTILIZER 

Has  been  tested  for  six  years  and  has  proved  equal  to  and  in  some  cases  superior  to  the  high-grade  ammoniated 
goods  on  the  market  We  put  in  no  useless  filler  and  ihe  farmer  gets  the  20fi0  lbs.  to  the  ton  of  valuable  fertilizer 
for  the  ciops  and  THE  LAND.  Hence  they  saj  their  succeeding  crops  are  much  better  than  from  oUier  fertilizers 

Our  SPECIAL  CORN  FERTILIZER  For  land  where  there  is  not  an  abundance  of  vegetation  is  equal  to  any. 

J^General  agents  for  B1.4CK  DEATH  BCO  KIL.IjER  for  destroying  Potato  Bugs,  Tobacco  Worms- 
and  all  insects  injurious  to  vegetation;  and  Sifters  and  Insecticide  distributors  for  applying  it. 

•y     PtAII*  SHELL,  LIME  Jfo.  1  WOOO-B€R]VT  LIME 

^  Constantly  on  hand  at  lowest  prices.  In  car  lots  «t  lowest  market  price  from  kilns- 

y      WRITE  FOR  CIRCULARS.  A..    S.   I^EE    ^C    SO W,  RICHMOND.  VA.. 


Pedigreee  traced  and  tabslated.    Catalogues  compiled  and  cir- 
culars prepared      Special  attention    given    registration 
matters  pertaining  to  thoroughbred  and  trotting  horses 

TAT.  J.  CA.JEVrm¥t  (Broad  Rock), 

p.  O.  Box  929,  RICHHONO,  VA. 

Sepresentlng  the 

RiOHMOMD  Times,  Richmond,  Va. 
SoaTHKBN  Planter,  Richmond,  Va. 
Spirit  of  the  Times,  >J«w  York. 
KEPTTOorr  Stock  Farm,  Leilnfton.  Ky, 
Bbesdek  and  Sportsman,  San  Franclaco,  Cal. 


AINSLIE  GARRiAQE  CO., 

Nor  8. 10  and  12  Tenth  St.,  RiGHMONO,  VA. 

Building  Carriages  to  order  is  our  special  businei*. 
Repairing  and  Repainting  done,  and  best  material  used. 
A  full  line  of  all  the  latest  styles.  Orders  for  all 
classes  of  Vehicles  solicited. 


1903.  IN  THE  STUD  I903. 

WEALTH,  29579. 

RACE  RECORD,  2: 17 J,  Pacing. 

Timed  separately  in  2:08  in  a  race  at  Indiana 
State  Fair,  1902. 

Bay  horse,  foaled  1897  ;  16  hands  high,  weight,  1,200 
lbs.     Sired  by  Gambetta  Wilkes,  2:19^  dam  Mag- 
nolia,   by   Norfolk,    3670,     Wealth   is   grand 
individually  and  in  appearance. 

FEE,  $20  the  Season  with  rituri  privilegt,  or  $25  to  insure. 
Address  S.  F.  CHAPMAN,  Gordonsville,  Va. 


1903.     mTHESTUD  AT  LAURELHILLFARM.     1903. 
THE  FINE  HACKNKY  STALLION 

•t-    HEIDRICK   ■*• 

Bay  horse,  foaled  1898  ;   16  hands  high.     This  horse 
has  great  natural  action,  and  is  capable  of  getting 
the  highest  class  harness  horses. 

FEE,  $10  00  the  Season  or  $15  00  to  Insure. 

Address  C.  F.  &  J.  BUTTON,  Walker's  Ford,  Va. 


GREAT  STAKES,  25521. 

RACE  RECORD,  2:20,  Trotting. 


Bay  horse,  by  Billy  Thornhill,  2:24,  dam  Sweetstakes, 

by  Sweep  Stakes,  298.     Great  Stakes  has  sired 

Captain,  2:i6i;  Foxhall,  2:19!,  and  four 

others  in  the  list.    He  is  handsome, 

well-formed  and  sires  speed 

uniformly. 

FEE,  $25.00  for  the  Season  of  1903^ 

Address 

W.  H.  NELSON,   •   1417  E.  Franklin  St,  RIohmond,  Va. 


74 


THE  80UTHBBN  PLAJSTER. 


[Jannary 


THE  NEED  OF  THE  FARMER'S  SON. 

Although  the  farm  keeps  the  balance 
of  trade  ia  the  nation's  favor,  furnishes 
two-thirds  of  our  exports,  contributes  to 
our  manufacturing  supremacy  by  provid- 
ing cheap  food  for  our  mechanics,  com- 
paratively little  has  been  done  toward 
educating  the  farmer  for  his  work.  To 
be  sure,  the  United  States  has  done  more 
for  him  than  any  other  country.  In  1862, 
Congress  endowed  agricultural  colleges 
to  teach  the  sciences  relating  to  agricul 
tnre.  In  1867,  experiment  stations  were 
provided  for  where  research  might  be 
made  into  the  operations  of  nature. 

But  considering  that  Americans  pay 
more  money  for  public  education  than 
any  other  people  on  earth,  a  compara- 
tively small  proportion  of  the  sum  is  de- 
voted to  stimulating  and  aiding  that  half 
of  our  population  who  cultivate  the  soil. 
The  tendency  of  primary  education  has 
been  to  lead  the  country  youth  away 
from  the  farm  instead  of  helping  him  in 
the  study  of  tho.se  sciences  relating  to 
production.  It  would  be  politic  and  pa- 
triotictoincorporateintothe  farm  vouth's 
education  some  knowledge  that  shall  bear 
more  directly  upon  his  future  life  and 
work. — James  Wiiso.v,  Secretary  of  Agri-  i 
culture,  in  the  Youth's  Compardon. 

A   CA  E    N  POINT.  | 

Attorney  Jacobi  had  just  successfully 
defended  Sim  Walton,  who  was  charged 
with  stealing  a  watch.  When  they  were 
outside  the  court-room,  the  lawyer  asked 
Sim  for  the  ft-e,  which  was  ten  dollars. 
Sim  turned  to  him  and  said : 

"Boss,  I  ain't  got  a  cent." 

"Well,  haven't  you  something  you  can 
give  me  as  security  until  you  can  raise 
the  money?"  asked  .lacobi.' 

Sim  replied:  "I  ain't  got  nuthin'  but 
dat  ol'  watch  I  stole.  Vou  is  welcome  to 
dat,  ef  you'll  tek  hit."— Sil.\s  Xavier 
Floyd,  in  January  Lippincotl's  Magazine. 

St.  Nicholas  for  January  starts  the  New 
Year  in  the  happiest  wav.  Edwin  L. 
Sabin.  Louisa  M.  Alcott,  Howard  Pyle, 
Clara  Morris.  Malcolm  Douglas,  Harriet 
Prescott  Spofiford.  Rov  Benson  Ri^^hard- 
8on,  Virginia  Woodward  Cloud,  Zitella 
Cocke.  John  Bennett,  Cliftord  Howard 
Sarah  M.  B.  Piatt,  Albert  Bigelow  Paine, 
and  Carolyn  Wells  are  onlv  part  of  the 
long  list  of  writers  and  artists  who  con- 
tribute to  the  current  month's  feast  for 
young  folks.  Really,  the  pirl  or  boy  who 
does  not  have  .St.  Nicholas  to  read  ia  to 
be  pitied. 

Notable  among  the  stories  in  the  Janu 
ary  St.  Nicholas  is  John  Bennett's  "  Bob- 
by's Newspaper,"  which  has  much  of  the 
charm  that  made  the  author's  "  Master 
Skylark"  and  "  Barnaby  Lee"  immediate 
readers  young  and  old 
John  Bennett  has  never  visited  England" 


^ 


and 


Feeding 


Prof.   Henry's  Great  Book  for 
li  <  and  Stockmen, 

vered  anywhere  for       -        -      ^2.00 
With  the  SOUTHERN  PLANTER,    2.26 


Your  money  back 

If  you  are  not  satisfied 

DO  YOU  SUPPOSE  that  a  company  with  a  capital  of  $500,000.00,  paid  In  full,  and  the 
pioud  reputation  of  36  years  of  continuous  success,  would  make  such  an  otter  and  not  cuttj 
It  out  to  the  letter? 

DO  YOU  SUPPOSE  we  would  jeopardize  our  standine  with  the  public  and  our  chances 
of  still  greater  success  by  failing  to  fulHl  any  promise  we  make  ? 

DO  YOU  SUPPOSE  we  would  make  such  an  otter  if  we  did  not  have  the  utmost  confi- 
dence in  the  satisfying  quality  of  our  goods  ?  

WE  KNOW  we  can  please  you  and  save  you  money,  for  HAYNER  WHISKEY  goes 
direct  from  our  distillery  to  you,  with  all  its  oriirtnal  richness  and  flavor,  carrying  a  UNITED 
STATES  REGISTERED  DISTILLER'S  GUARANTEE  of  PURITY  and  AGE  and  saving 
you  the  big  profits  of  the  dealers.  That's  why  it's  best  for  medicinal  purposes.  That's  why 
it's  preferred  for  other  uses.  That's  why  we  are  regularly  supplyine  over  a  quarter  of  a 
million  satisfied  customers.    That's  why  YOU  should  try  it 

Direct  from  our  distillery  to  YOU 

Saves  Dealers'  Profits  I   Prevents  Adulteration ! 

HAYNER  WHISKEY 

PURE  SEVEM-VEAR-OLD  RYE 

4     FULL    $0:20  EXPRESS 
QUARTS  O      PREPAID 

We  will  send  you  FOUR  FTTLL  QUARTS  of  HAYNER'S  SEVEN-YEAR- 
OLD  RYE  for  $3.20,  and  we  will  pay  the  express  charges.  When  you  receive 
the  whiskey,  try  it  and  if  you  don't  find  it  all  right  and  as  good  as  you  ever 
drank  or  can  buy  from  any  body  else  at  any  price,  then  send  it  back  at  our 
expense  and  your  $3.20  will  be  returned  to  you  by  next  mail.  How  could 
an  offer  be  fairer?  We  take  all  the  risk  and  stand  all  the  expense.  If 
the  goods  do  not  please  you.  Won't  you  let  us  send  you  a  trial  order?  We 
ship  in  a  plain  sealed  case;  no  marks  to  show  what's  inside. 

Orders  for  Ariz.,  Cal..  C!ol.,  Idaho.  Mont.  Nev.,  N.  Mex..  Ore..  Utah.  Wash, 
or  Wvo..  must  be  on  the  basis  of  4  Ooarts  for  »4.00  bv  Express 
Prepaid  or  !tO  Quarts  for  S16.00  by  Freiglit  Prepaid. 

Write  our  nearest  office  and  do  it  NOW. 

THE  HAYNER  DISTILLING  COMPANY 

ATUNTA'  6A.  DAYTON,  OHIO  ST.  LUUIS,  MO.  ST.  PAUL,  MINN. 

1S6  DISTILLEBY.  TBOT,  O.  ESTABLISHED  1860. 


ers  of      j» 

5WN     J 


Mauufacturer*  of 

THE  CROW 
CRESCENT 
AND   WATT 
AND  HEPAIHS  FOB  PLOWS  IN   GENERAL  USE. 

Dealers  in  AQRIGULTUR&L  IMPLEMENTS,  MACHINERY  AND  VEHICLES, 

No    13  South   Fifteenth  Street,  RId-IMOND      VA 

BETWEEN    MAIN    AND   GARY   STS.,  lA  I  ^rf  PI  ITI  <>i/ l>l  1/ j       »  n. 

TO  THE  PUBLIC:  My  connection  with  the  corporation  known  as  the  Watt  Plow  Co.  has 
been  i-evered,  and  the  manufacturing  of  tbe  CKOWN.  CRESCKNT  and  W.\TT  Plows,  and 
repairs  for  same.  Is  now  conducted  solely  by  THE  CALL-WAIT  CO..  of  which  I  am  general 
manager.  The  new  Arm  bi-lng  owner  of  all  patterns  for  the.'.e  plows,  the  trade-names  which 
are  duly  reRistercd  under  the  tiade  mark  laws,  and  hiiving  purchased  from  The  Watt  Plow  Co. 
their  entire  stock  ol  said  plows  and  repairs,  is  prepared  to  furnish  same  promptly,  and  on 
liberal  terms. 

In  addition  to  these  special  plows,  we  hope  to  nupply  the  trade  with  the  various  plows 
and  castings  now  In  general  use;  also.  .AGRICULTURAL  IMPLEMENTS.  M.ACHINERY, 
VEHICLK.S  and  HARNESS  for  all  purposes.  All  articles  are  guaranteed  to  be  strictly  as 
represented. 

I  take  this  r>ccasion  to  tender  my  thanks  to  all  my  old  f  lends  whose  patronage  has  been 
bestowed  upon  me  during  the  thirty  yejirs  in  which  1  have  been  engaged  in  the  raanufactur* 
and  8*le  of  Agricultural  Implements  In  this  city,  and  solicit  a  couilnunnce  of  their  favors  with 
the  new  firm.  They  and  the  public  generally  are  assured  that  ail  business  entrusted  to  me  will 
receive  careful  and  prompt  attention.  M  \NFRE1)  C.M.L, 

Manager,  The  Call- Watt  Co, 


1903.  J 


THE  80UTHEEN  PLA_NTBB. 


75 


If  You  Want 


YOUR  GOOSE  TO  LAY 
"THAT  GOLDEN  EGG' 


FEED  HER  PROPERLY. 

I  mean  buy  your  supplies  right.  You  should  lay  aside  a  few  Gold  Pieces 
yourself,  you  might  ask  how  it  can  be  done— easy,  dead  easy— stop  paying 
high,  country  prices.  The  mail  comes  to  your  home  six  times  a  week,  I  car 
get  a  letter  from  you  every  day. 

6ET  MY  PRICES,  I  WILL  BE  GLAD  TO  MAIL  YOU  OR  YOUR  FRIENDS 

MY  PRICES  EVERY  NIGHT. 

The  railroads  almost  pass  your  house.  Uncle  Sam  spends  millions  yearly 
to  give  you  mail  and  railroad  accomodations.  You  need  not  come  to  town, 
let  Uncle  Sam  do  your  shopping.  He  can  knock  the  spots  out  of  you  in 
buying— just  try  him.  No  matter  how  small  your  order  I  will  be  glad  to  have 
it  and  ship  promptly.    Here  is  what  your  groceries  will  cost  you 

/^^^    JUST  ONE-HALF  WHAT  YOU  ARE   NOW  PAYING,.^^s2v 


Arbuckle'a  Green  Coffee 9i 

Granulated  Sugar ih 

Best  Family  Flour 4  25 

Byrd  Island — have  no  other. 

10,000  lbs.  Nice  Family  Pork 9 

7  Boxes  Axle  Grease 25 

800  Bbls.  White  Oil 12 

1,000  Bushels  Seed  Rye 68 

600  Tons  Fine  Timothy   Hay,  hun- 
dred   75 

300  Tons  Choice  Clover  Hay,  hun- 
dred   70 

10  Large  Cakes  Fancy  Soap 25 

C  r  y  8  ta  1    Washing    Soda,    Light, 
Smooth,   and    Durable,  makes 

Washing  Easy 30 

Washing  Powders,  8  for 25 

Fine  Gun  Powder  Tea 40 

Ben  Mocha  and  Java  Coffee  Roasted  18 
Large  Fat  Mackerel  in  Nice  Buck- 
ets or  Kits,  about  15  lbs 1  25 

New  River  Herrings,  750  fish  in  the 

barrel,  Large  and  Fat ." 5  50 

New  Cut  Herrings,  barrel 5  50 

Finest  Cream  Cheese 15 

Baker's  Chocolate — 2  Cakes 25 

New  Table  Raisins— 6  Lbs 60 

Fine  French  Candy 8 

Pure  Lard gj 

610  Tons  Pure  City  Made  Shipstuff, 

hundred \  Oo 


Cotton-Seed  Meal,  Nothing  Finer. 
510  Tons  Cotton-Seed  Hulls— an  ex- 
cellent Winter   Food,  Cheap  and 

Nutritious,  per  hundred ....        50 

This  is  as  good  as  Coarse  Meal  for 
stock. 
60,000  lbs.  Rock  Salt  for  Stock— try 
a  bag,  keep  it  in  the  Trough,  im- 
proves Stock  very  much,  $1.00  for 
100  lbs. 

Chalmer's  Gelatine,  3  for  25 

Seedless  Raisins  in  Packages 9 

Cleaned  Currants,  per  lb 8 

New  Citron  for  Fruit  Cake 12 

Home  Made  Mince  Meat 8 

1011,000  lbs.  New  Mixed  Nuts 11 

Virginia  Hams,  Choicest  of  Meat.  I 
have  a  Nice  Lot  of  Hams  Made 

in  Smithfield,  Va 14 

Fine  Sweet  Cider,  per  gallon 20 

Home-Made  Black  Berry  Brandy,  5 
years  old  and  nice. 

Family  Tonic,  quart 20 

Northampton  Anple  Brandy,  6  years 
old— pure — Apple  Juice— nothing 

finer  made— gallon 2     00 

Clemmer's  Fine  Old  Mountain  Rye 
Whiskey,  double  distilled,  sweet 

and  wholesome,  quart 40 

Juniper  Gin,  sure  cure  for  bladder 
and  kidney  troubles ;  relieves  the 
cutting,  stinging  ache  in  your  back, 
quart 45 


I  Gibson's  Fine  Old  Rye  Whiskey  ;  fit 
for  a  king,  get  a  quart 75 

'  O'Grady's  Pure  Malt.  Try  a  bottle 
of  Malt  for  that  hacking  cough.  It 
is  a  sure  cure.  It  is  good  for  dys- 
pepsia. Indigestion  it  cures  at 
sight.  Warms  the  inner  man; 
makes  new  rich  blood,  and  stimu- 
lates the  whole  system.  It  has 
saved  many  and  many  a  man  and 
his  family.  75  a  quart.  The  price 
is  insignificant  compared  to  the 
benefit  it  will  do  you. 

Country  Cured  Bacon  Sides 13} 

100,000  bushels   finest  Oats 40, 

60,000  bushels  fine  Corn 66 

Water-ground  Corn  Meal,  made  of 
the  finest  White  Corn,  and  ground 
by  one  of  the  finest  mills  in  Vir- 
ginia.   Bushel 72 

I  have  everything  that  is  required 
by  a  farmer  from  a  1.000  acre  farm 
to  a  mouse  trap.  Write  for  my 
price  list  that  will  give  you  more 
information  than  a  gossiping 
woman. 

Clover  Seed,  prime  Crimson  Clover 
Seed 2  90 

Choice  Crimson  New-Ciop  Clover 
Seed _ 4  26 

Fine  Winter  Turf  Oats  (seed) 76 

Prime  Winter  Seed  Oats 60 


I  have  an  immese  stock  of  NEW  YEARS'  GOODS,  CAKES,  CANDIES. 
FRUITS  of  all  kinds,  and  I  will  ship  any  quantity  required. 

D.  O'SULLIVAN,  Eighteenth  and  Main  Sts.,  Richmond,  Va. 


76 


THE  80UTHEEN  PLAlTrBR 


[January 


bat  his  quaintly  delightful  ''Master  Sky- 
lark" is  on  tile  in  the  reference  library  at 
Stratford  on  Avon,  and  devout  Shakes- 
peare pilgrims  use  it  as  a  guide  book. 

The  Review  of  Reviews  begins  a  new 
Tolume  with  one  of  its  characteristic 
numbers— a  publication  that  could  never 
by  any  possibility  be  mistaken  for  any 
other  magazine  in  the  world — 128  pages 
as  fiill  of  real  "news"  as  the  morning  pa- 
per and  y«-t  as  solid  and  well  considered 
as  the  best  of  the  foreign  quarterlies. 
Venezuela  is  very  much  at  the  front  at 
the  opening  of  the  New  Year,  and  the 
Review  not  ocly  gives  space  to  a  valuable 
editorial  discussion  of  the  British  and 
German  claims  and  the  proposed  modea 
of  adjustment,  but  opens  its  pages  to  a 
full  presentation  of  the  case  of  the  pow- 
ers against  the  little  South  American 
State,  as  set  forth  by  Mr.  A.  Maurice 
Low,  a  well-informed  Washington  jour- 
nalist. The '-man  of  the  month"  in  in- 
ternational affairs  is  our  Minister  to  Ven- 
eiuela,  Mr.  Herbert  W.  Bowen.  A  char- 
acter sketch  of  this  typical  diplomat  of 
the  American  school,  written,  it  is  un- 
derstood, by  an  intimate  perponal  ac- 
quaintance, forms  a  noteworthy  feature 
of  the  January  Review.  Ainong  the 
subjects  engaging  the  attention  of  Con- 
gress, hardly  one  can  be  named  that  is 
more  important  in  its  bearings  on  the 
public  welfare  than  the  question  of  pro- 
tecting the  grazing  lands  of  the  West, 
from  which  comes  the  nnional  meat 
supply.  This  is  the  theme  of  the  author- 
itative and  judicious  article  from  the  pen 
of  Dr.  E.  Benj»min  Andrews,  who  has 
made  a  special  study  of  the  Western  cat- 
tle situation.  Dr.  Andrews'  article  ia  ac- 
companied by  an  exhaustive  inquiry 
into  the  present  advance  in  beef  prices 
by  Mr.  Fred.  C.  Croxton,  of  the  National 
Department  of  Labor.  Another  of  the 
problems  before  Congress— that  of  the 
currency— is  clearly  outlined  in  a  paper 
by  Charles  A.  Conant  describing  the  ex- 
pedient* recently  resorted  to  bv  the 
Treasury  to  relieve  the  stringency  in 
the  money  market.  The  rural' free 
delivery  service,  the  advantages  of  which 
were  emphasized  in  President  Ronse- 
velt's  message  to  Congress,  is  the  subject 
of  an  illustrated  aniule  by  Dav  Allen 
Wiliey. 

THE  TOBACCO  MARKET. 
Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Our  market  will  open  up  on  Tuesday 
the  6th,  and  we  look  for  good  prices.  No 
doubt  it  will  tie  a  good  time  to  sell,  as  our 
buyers  will  want  stock  to  begin  work  on 
Receipts  will  be  light,  and  we  are  in- 
clined to  think  it  will  be  advisable  to  sell 
what  you  have  ready  during  the  week, 
as  receipts  will  be  heavy  again  as  soon 
as  we  have  a  good  season. 

We  will  be  in  a  better  fix  than  ever 
to  handle  your  crop,  having  secured  the 
services  of  Mr.  A.  0.  Davis,  of  Wilson, 
N.  C,  ai  auctioneer,  who  is  the  best  auc- 
tioneer to  be  found  in  the  trade.  We 
want  you  to  come  and  hear  him  and 
judge  for  yourfelf.  We  believe  he  can 
put  more  life  in  the  sale  and  get  you  bet- 
ter prices  for  your  tobacco. 

Silas  Shelbubme  &  Bon. 


A  CHANCE  FOR  THE  NEEDY. 

We  wish  to  state  to  readers  of  this  magazine  and  the 
public  generally,  that  owing  to  the  warm  weather  we  have 
h3d  this  Fall,  we  were  unable  to  dispose  of  our  Stoves  and 
Heaters  which  we  bought  in  large  quantities. 

In  order  to  reduce  our  stock,  we  are  offering  all 

STOVES  AND  HEATERS 

At  greatly  reduced  prices. 

if  you  intend  coming  to  the  city  before  the  holidays,  it 
will  pay  you  to  see  us  before  leaving,  and  if  you  cannot 
come,  drop  us  a  postal  and  we  will  be  glad  to  quote  you  prices. 

Our  stock  of 

FURNITURE,  MATTINGS,  OIL  CLOTH, 

PICTURES,  SEWING  MACHINES, 

and  everything  for  HOUSEKEEPING  is  complete  and  prices 
LOWER  THAN  THE  LOWEST. 

Bear  in  mind  the  name  and  number, 

M.  ROSENBLOOM  &  SON,  The  Mail  order  House, 

1536  E.  Main  Street,  Adjoining:  New  Main  Street  Depot,  RICHMOND,  VA. 


jfeitaiHfcMikJ 


HowareYourEyes? 


We  are  the  largest  optical  establishment  South,  and  give  proper  adjustment 
of  SPECTACLES  and  EYE  GLASSE-.  Completf-  manufacturing  plant  on  the 
premises.  Mail  us  the  pieces  and  we  will  from  them  duplicate  your  Glasses. 
Glasses  bv  mail  our  specialty. 


lOurPHSIODlPMMlllT 


is  also  complete  with  CAMERAS,  KO- 
DAKS and  PHOTO  SUPPLIES.  De- 
veloping and  printing  linely  executed. 


Oarlineof  QRAPHOPHONES,  with  latest  recorda.  OPER-^  QLASSES. 
FIELD  GLASSES,  Incubator  and  Dairy  THEREnonETERS,  etc,  etc.,  is 
also  complete      Lowest  charges  in  all  cases. 


« 

« THE  S.  GILESKI  OPTIGl  CO.,  Stii  and  Main  Sts.,  Richmiind,  Va. 


I  DO  YOtTR  TFIA.DING..  I 

Z  Where  an  establlshvd  repuutlon  warrant*  continued  confidence.    The  name  of  V 

A  LUMSOENonanytblnglu  tbeJEWELRY  or  SIL«tlW*IIE  UnelsasTAifDABD  of  m 

A  aUALITT.  • 

I  FINE  COLD  AND  DIAMOND  JEWELRY, 

I  STERLING  SILVERWARE  AND  CUT  CLASS. 

A  SIX  SOLID  STERLIN6  SILVER  TEA  SPOONS,  $8.40.     Write  for  our  cataloeue,  H 

A  coutAlus  mau7  articles  on  whlcb  we  can  save  .vou  money.  m 

I  C.  LUMSDEN  &  SON,  Established  1835,  731  E.  Main  St.,  Richmond,  Va.  f 

AtftfJMI^AAA  AAAAAAtfMI  e£^A  AtfMt^  C££A  Adktf^tflAAAA  Atft££  AAA£  I^AAA^A^^bB 


1903.J 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEB. 


77 


IVANHOE  POULTRY  YARDS ^— 


Breeders  of 


^  Exhibition  Barred 
Plymouth  RocI<s 

ENGLISH  CARRIERS  AND  HOMING  PIGEONS. 


For  information,  address 

Ivanhoe  Poultry  Yards,  Box  258,  Richmond,  va. 


THE  RICHMSND  PLUMBING 
AND  MANTEL  CO., 

26  N.  Ninth  Strett,  RICHMOND,  VA., 

Has  just  received 
an  entirely  new 
Stock  and  com- 
plete line  of 

STOVES,  RANGES,  FURNACES, 

MANTELS,  GAS  and  ELECTRIC 

FIXTURES,  FILTERS,  TILING  and 

FIRE-PLACE  TRIMMINGS. 

We  are  contractors  for 

PLUMBINS,  TINNING,  SHEET-METAL 
K  and  ELECTRIC  WIRING. 

Correspondence  Solicited. 
CALL  AND  INSPECT  OUR  5HOW.R0OAIS. 


n 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


[January 


The  roUowlng  list  of  papers  and  periodicals 
ue  tbe  most  popular  ones  In  this  section. 
We  can  SAVE  YOU  MONEY  on  whatever 
lonmal  yon  wish. 


LIA  IlilPfl.  pR,oe         WITH 

ALONE.  PLANTBR- 

Tbe  Dispatch.  Richmond,  Va 1 3  00  5  3  00 

g  00     3  00 
600    eoo 


nie  Times,  "  "    

The  Post,  Washington,  D.  O 

8EMI-WEEJCL1KB. 

The  Dispatch,  Richmond,  Va 

The  World  (thrlce-a-week),  N.  Y.... 


1  OO 


WEEKLIES. 

Harper's  Weekly „ i  UO 

Bazaar 1  00 

Montgomery  Advertiser 1  00 

Nashville  American 50 

The  Baltimore  Sun „ _ 1  00 

Breeder's  Gazette „ _ 2  00 

Hoard's  Dairyman „ „ 1  00 

Oonntry  Qentleman. „ 1  50 

The  Times,  Richmond,  Va 80 

Bellgloas  Herald,  Richmond,  Va....  2  00 
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We  seU   strictly   reliable  FIEIiD    AXD   GARDEN  SEEDS  wt 

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1903. 1 


THE  BOTJTHBEN  PLANTEB. 


79 


WHY  USE  DANGEROUS  BARB  WIRE 

WHEN  AN  "      -*®=— ^^'^™- 

AHRACTIVE  WOVEN 
WIRE  FENCE 

CAN  BE  BOUGHT  AT  EVEN 
LESS  COST? 

THE    AMERICAN     FIELD     FENCING    is  made  in  many  heights  and  styles  for 
turning  the  smallest  to  the  largest  animal.    Write  for  special  catalogue  and  prices. 

PEA    HULLERS*  — it  win  pay  to  inspect  the  "  STAR." 
Will  hull  and  clean  from  10  to  15  bushels  of  peas  every  hour. 

DISC    HARR  O  WSb — send  for  special  catalogue  of 
the  "  THOMAS,"  lightest  draft  and  strongest  harrow  made. 


OHIO  FEED  AND  ENSILAGE 
CUTTER. 

For  hand  or  power.    The  strongest,  simplest  and  best  made. 
Write  for  prices,  catalogues  and  testimonials. 

THE  IDEAL  FEED  MILL  AND 
POWER  COMBINED 

Has  no  equal  for  grinding  shelled  grain,  corn  and  cob  into  excellent  feed.    The     ' 
Horse-Power  is  very  useful  for  lunning  other  machinery  as  well.    A  full  line  of 
mills  for  horse  and  steam  power. 

THE   No.  19  IDEAL  MILL 

For  one  horse.    A  very  useful  size  for  small  farms.    Price,  $15.00. 

PLOWS. — Try  an  "Imperial"  and  you  will  not  want  any  other.     It  is  admitted  by  all  who  have  uaed 

it  to  be  the  best  in  the  world. 

'WCRIMPED  STEEL  ROOFING 

Made  in  lengths  of  from  5  to  10  feet.    The  most  economical  roof  for 
barns  and  all  out  houses. 

■  A  N  N  I  N  C  M  I  L  LS. — We  can  strongly  recommend  the 
"  LYONS  "  for  cleaning  any  kind  of  grain  or  grass  seed.  Does  its  work  clean, 
and  praised  by  every  one  who  has  used  it. 

If  you  are  needing  a  wagon,  try  a  "  BIRDS£IiIi "  with  steel  skeins,  and  be  convinced  there  is  none  better  made. 
All  irons  used  are  either  wrought  or  steel.     The  price  too  is  very  reasonable. 

The  finest  and  largest  stock  of  BUGGIES,  CARRIAGES,  HARNESS  and  SADDLES  in  the  South. 

Write  for  special  catalogue. 

EVERYTHING  THE  FARM  NEEDS  WE  CAN  SUPPLY,  AND  THAT  AT  A  CLOSE  PRICE. 

THE  IMPLEMENT  CO.,  1302  and  1304  E.  Main  St.,  Richmond,  Va. 


80 


THE  80UTHEEN  PLANTEK. 


[January 


JOHN  KERR  BRANCH,  Vice-President. 


JOHN  K.  GLENN.  Cashier. 


JOHN  P.  BRANCH.  President. 

fJnhnP   Brunch,    Fred.  W.  ficott,    C,  S.  Stringfellow,    A.  H,  Biiford.  John  Kerr  Branch,    J.P.George.    Thos.  B.  Hcott, 

DIRECTORS.  I  3   yy  Branch,         B.  B.  Munford,    Jan.  H.  Uuoley,         Alex.  HamUton,    R.  C.  Morton,  S.  T.  Morgan,   A.  Plizlnl.  Jr 


CAPITAL   STOCK,    $200,000  00 


Surplus  and  Profits.  $600, coo. oo 


MERGHAMTS  NATIONAL  BANK,  RUhmond,  Va. 

UNITED  STATES,  STATE,  CITY  DEPOSITORY. 
Comparative  Statements  for  the  Following  Years. 


ASSETS. 


June  80, 1877. 

June  30, 1882. 

June  80,  I8S7. 

June  30, 1892. 

June  30. 1897. 

June  30, 1902. 

»310,427  34 
1.886  50 
2,2.50  10 
50,0^00 
S.pOO  (K) 
2.5  4.55  30 
94.342  11 

S6(>4.880  05 

1,82.5  42 

11  800  00 

20O.UU0  0O 

23  .501  49" 

152.616  15 

t464.«6«  32 
60.000  00 
9.1100  00 
700.00"  00 
80.(X)0  00 
6K  2(IS  0« 
119,724  83 

11,161  8.36  11 

69.1:«  77 

9.(100  00 

4210(10  00 

.34.000  no 

69  B.36  21 
48S.<>Stl  32 

$1,12.5,610  04 
83  ffl6  117 
9  010  00 
400  LI2  00 
S:t..5.53  55 
174  076  44 
785.187  42 

$1,284  060  45 

74.088  34 

10,000  00 

961.260  00 

22  763  48 

686,430  48 

1,023..506  10 

S489,361  25 

«1,054,823  11 

11,559,599  15 

12,249,767  41 

$2,610,775  52 

$4,082,108  85 

LIABILITIES. 


CLOSE  OF  BUSINESS  ON June  .30.  1877.     June  30,  1882.     June  30.  1887.     Jnnr  SO,  1892.     June  30,  1897.     June  SO,  1902 


Capital  Stock 

Surplus  and  undivided  Profits.. 


$200,000  00 

15.149  40 

45  000  00 

226.711  85 

2.500  00 


8200,000  00 
5rt..5.51  Si 
180  (HIO  (10 
618,071  79 


(200,000  00 
105.B76  K5 
180  000  00 

1,073,922  30 


8200  000  00 
186.7.58  68 
ITT.WX)  00 

1,685,108  78 


8200  000  80 
■m  l:«  87 
176  4011  (10 

1,957,242  65 


$200  000  00 

588  017  55 

200  Olio  00 

8.074.091  30 


BUSINESS  Paper  Discounted  for  Customers  on   Favorable  Terms. 

A  8D«clalty  made  of  collections  In  Vlrjlnla,  West  Virginia,  Kentnrky,  Tennesee.  and  Norlh  Oirollna.     Dally  and  dtrpct  oommunlcatloa 

with  over  three-fourths  of  the  baakirg  pDlnts  (n  VlrKini^.     Bcini;  the  lareest  'l-pository  for  bank*  between  Bultlmore  and  New 

Orleans,  tbU  bank  offers  superior  facilities  fur  direct  and  quick  collv  tlons. 

INTERHST  PAID  ON  DBPOSITS  BY  AOaEsM»NT. 

CORRESPONDENCE   SOLICITED.  WE   WOULD    LIKE   TO    HAVE   YOUR    BUSINESS. 


GONTENTS. 


FARM  MANAGEMENT : 

Editorial— 1903 1 

Work  for  the  Month 3 

Random  I^T?8 ^ -  ••  4 

Fertilizers  do  Not  Replace  Tillage 6 

Enquirer's  Column  (Detail  Index,  page  41) 6 

TRDCKING,  GARDEN  AND  ORCHARD: 

Editorial— Work  for  the  Month '. 8 

Garden  and  Orchard  Notes 8 

Virginia  State  Horticultural  Society 10 

Pecans  in  Virginia - 11 

Nut-Growing  in  Virginia _ 11 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY  : 

The  Dairy  Breeds  of  Cattle 12 

The  DualPiirpose  Brteds  of  Cattle, 17 

Special  Beef  Breeds  for  Southern  Farmers' 22 

Foot  and  Mouth  Disease  in  Cattle 27 

Breeds  of  Hheep  for  the  South 28 


Deron  Cattle 32 

The  Brood  Sow 33 

THE  POULTRY  YARD : 
Feeding  Experiments 


36 

THE  HORSE: 

Hackneys  Sti!!  in  Demand 38 

Notes ., 38 

Seeding  Grass 37 

MISCELLANEOUS: 

Editorial — Fence  Laws  in  Virginia 38 

Irrigation 33 

Irrigation  Problems  in  Virginia 39 

Irrigation 40 

Editorial — Our  Illustrations 40 

The  International  Stock  bhow,  Chicago,  1903 _  40 

Publisher's  Notks 41 

Advektisembnts 41 


The  Southern  Planter. 


DEVOTED  TO 


PRACTICAL  AND    PROGRESSIVE  AGRICULTURE,  HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING,    LIVE  STOCK    AND   THE    FIRESIDE. 


Agriculture  U  the  nursing  mother  of  the  Arts.—XENOPHON. 
Tillage  and  pasturage  are  the  two  breasts  of  the  State."SULLY. 


64th  Year. 


Richmond,  February,  1903. 


No.  2. 


Farm  Management. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH. 

At  the  opening  of  a  new  crop  year  it  may  be  of  in- 
terest and  advantage  that  we  review  what  was  done 
in  the  way  of  crop  production  in  the  Southern  States 
during  the  year  just  ended.  Lessons  may  be  learnt 
from  a  consideration  of  this  question  which  may  re 
suit  in  much  benefit,  and  a  comparison  of  these  results 
with  what  has  been  done  elsewhere  may  lead  to  efforts 
for  greater  results  in  the  future.  The  past  year,  it  may 
be  remarked,  was  in  the  South,  on  the  whole,  a  fairly 
normal  one,  so  far  as  weather  and  climatic  conditions 
were  concerned,  except  in  respect  to  the  wheat  and 
winter  oat  crops  which  suffered  severely  from  very 
late  seeding  in  the  fall  of  1901,  owing  to  the  wet  con- 
dition of  the  land  and  also  from  severe  weather  in  the 
early  winter.  The  area  planted  in  corn  in  Virginia 
In  1902  was  1,879,348  acres  ;  the  yield  per  acre  was 
22  bushels  ;  the  crop  produced  was  41,345,656  bushels 
of  the  Talue  of  $21,499, 741.  The  area  planted  in  corn 
in  North  Carolina  was  2,706,682  acres  ;  the  yield  per 
acre  was  13  bushels  ;  the  crop  produced  was  37,622,880 
bushels  of  the  value  of  $22, 573, 728.  The  area  planted 
to  corn  in  South  Carolina  was  1,825,837  acres;  the 
yield  per  acre  was  10  bushels  ;  the  crop  produced  was 
18,988,705  bushels  of  the  value  of  $13,102,206.  The 
area  planted  in  corn  in  Maryland  was  628,982  acres  ; 
the  yield  per  acre  was  32  bushels  ;  the  crop  produced 
was  20,379,017  bushels  of  the  value  of  $10,393,299. 
In  Tennessee  the  area  planted  in  corn  was  3,337,047 
acres  ;  the  yield  per  acre  was  21  bushels ;  the  crop 


produced  was  73,081,329  bushels  of  the  value  of 
$34,348,225.  The  wheat  crop  of  Virginia  was  grown  on 
637,806  acres  ;  the  yield  per  acre  was  5  bushels  ;  the 
crop  produced  was  3,635,494  bushels  of  the  value  of 
$2,872,049.  In  North  Carolina  the  wheat  crop  was 
grown  on  867,558  acres ;  the  yield  per  acre  was  a  little 
over  5  bushels ;  the  crop  produced  was  3,055,757  bush- 
els of  the  value  of  $2,811,296.  In  South  Carolina  the 
wheat  crop  was  grown  on  267,673  acres  ;  the  yield  per 
acre  was  5  bushels  ;  the  crop  produced  was  1,495,969 
bushels  of  the  value  of  $1,528,948.  In  Maryland  the 
wheat  crop  was  grown  on  757,000  acres ;  the  yield  per 
acre  was  14  bushels ;  the  crop  produced  was  11,129,223 
bushels  of  the  value  of  $8,013,041.  In  Tennessee  the 
crop  of  wheat  was  grown  on  840,381  acres  ;  the  yield 
per  acre  was  7  bushels  and  the  crop  produced  was 
6,050,743  bushels  of  the  value  of  $4,598,565.  In  Vir- 
ginia the  oat  crop  was  produced  on  222,074  acres  ;  the 
yield  per  acre  was  17  bushels  ;  the  crop  produced  was 
3,886,295  bushels  «f  the  value  of  $1,632,244.  In  North 
Carolina  the  oat  crop  was  produced  on  238,143  acres ; 
the  yield  was  12  bushels  per  acre  ;  the  crop  produced 
was  3,024,416  bushels  of  the  value  of  $1,542,452.  In 
South  Carolina  the  oat  crop  was  grown  on  216,541 
acres ;  the  yield  per  acre  was  13  bushels  ;  the  crop 
produced  was  2, 836, 687  bushels  of  the  value  of  $1, 673,  - 
645.  In  Maryland  the  oat  crop  was  grown  on  42,132 
acres  ;  the  yield  per  acre  was  26  bushels  ;  the  crop  pro- 
duced was  1,124,924  bushels  of  the  value  of  $427,471. 
In  Tennessee  the  oat  crop  was  grown  on    180,071 


82 


THB  80TJTHKRN  PLAHTEE. 


[February 


acres ;  the  yield  per  acre  was  17  bushels  :  the  crop 
produced  was  3,219,028  bushels  of  the  value  of 
$1,351,092. 

When  we  come  to  compare  the  yields  of  these  cereal 
crops  with  the  production  of  the  like  crops  la  other 
States  north  and  west,  we  find  that  not  only  do  these 
Southern  States  fall  in  nearly  all  casf  s  much  below 
the  average  for  the  whole  of  the  United  States,  but 
very  seriously  below  the  yield  per  acre  in  other  States 
not  nearly  so  naturally  well  situated  for  the  produc- 
tion of  the  crop.  Take  for  example  the  New  Englaod 
States  in  the  matter  of  corn.  There  the  yield  runs 
from  21  to  31  bushels  per  acre.  In  Pennsylvania  the 
yield  was  36  bushels  per  acre,  whilst  in  the  great  corn 
belt  of  the  West  the  yield  runs  up  as  high  as  39  bash 
els  to  the  acre.  Again,  take  wheat.  Whilst  the  aver 
age  for  the  United  States  was  14  bushels  per  acre  here 
we  only  made  5  bushels,  this  being  the  lowest  vield 
made  in  the  South  for  many  years,  and  about  half  the 
usual  average.  The  average  yield  of  oats  in  the  United 
States  was  34  bushels  to  the  acre.  Here  we  made  less 
than  half  that  yield.  Surely  such  a  showing  as  these 
crops  make  cannot  be  regarded  with  satisfaction  by 
our  people.  There  is  no  reason  whatever,  either  in 
climatic  or  soil  conditions,  why  the  production  of  all 
these  staple  cereal  crops  should  in  the  South  fall  so  j 
much  below  the  average  of  the  country  and  so  greatly 
below  that  of  other  States  not  nearly  so  well  situated. 
The  great  underlying  cause  for  this  bad  showing  is 
poor  preparation  of  the  land  before  seeding,  and  in  the 
case  of  the  corn  crop  careless,  inadequate  cultivation 
after  planting.  Sufficient  effort  is  not  made  to  secure 
deep,  well  broken  land,  capable  of  conserving  the 
rainfall  and  moisture  so  much  needed,  especially  in 
the  South,  nor  is  adequate  consideration  given  to  the 
necessity  for  filling  our  soils  with  vegetable  matter — 
(humus).  Many  Southern  farmers  insist  that  the 
small  yields  of  cereals  here  cannot  be  avoided  on  land 
which  has  been  so  long  under  cultivation  as  Southern 
lands  have.  That  this  conclusion  is  erroneous  is  shown 
by  the  average  yields  of  the  cereal  crops  in  England, 
where  the  land  has  been  under  cultivation  hundreds 
of  years  longer  than  in  the  South.  The  average  yield 
of  wheat  in  England  was  last  year  nearly  34  bushels 
to  the  acre,  and  for  the  last  ten  years  the  average  is 
nearly  31  bushels  per  acre.  The  average  yield  of  oats 
there  last  year  was  nearly  44  bushels  per  acre,  and  for 
10  years  nearly  40  bushels  to  the  acre.  Corn  is  not 
grown  in  that  country,  and  therefore  cannot  be  com 
pared.  It  is  time  for  the  Southern  farmers  to  take 
this  matter  of  crop  yield  per  acre  into  serious  consid- 
eration with  the  determination  that  such  paltry  yields 
as  are  now  made  shall  cease.  There  can  be  no  profit 
in  producing  20  bushels  of  corn  or  5  or  even  14  bush- 
els of  wheat,  or  17  bushels  of  oats  to  the  acre.     What 


is  needed  at  the  least  is  to  double  the  yield  per  acre 
and  this  will  be  soonest  brought  about  by  halving  the 
acreage  planted  or  sown  and  giving  the  reduced  area 
the  extra  working  and  cultivation  which  in  the  past 
has  been  expended  on  the  larger  area,  and  by  p'anting 
leguminous  crops  on  the  abandoned  area  and  feeding 
these  to  stock  to  make  manure  to  feed  the  reduced 
area  and  make  it  rich  and  productive.  The  crop  sta- 
tistics issued  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  from 
which  we  have  quoted  the  foregoing  figures,  in  one 
particular  refute  strongly  the  commonly  current  idea 
that  the  South  is  not  a  section  adapted  to  the  produc- 
tion of  hay.  These  show  that  "Virginia  devoted  last 
year  472,913  acres  of  land  to  the  production  of  hay 
and  that  the  average  yield  per  acre  was  1.06  tons,  pro- 
ducing a  total  crop  of  .501  2SS  tons  of  the  value  of 
86,807,491.  In  North  Carolina  the  average  yield  of 
hay  per  acre  was  nearly  1*  tons.  In  South  Carolina 
the  average  yield  was  nearly  li  tons  per  acre.  The 
average  production  of  hay  over  the  whole  country 
was  only  1*  tons  per  acre.  In  New  York  State,  which 
grows  the  largest  acreage  of  hay  of  any  State  in  the 
Union,  the  average  production  was  only  H  tons  per 
acre.  In  this  respect,  therefore,  the  South  compares 
favorably  with  the  rest  of  the  country,  and  this  fact 
should  iaduce  greater  attention  to  this  crop,  which  is 
one  which  conserves  the  fertility  of  the  land,  renders 
possible  the  keeping  of  a  greater  head  of  live  stock, 
and  thus  provides  the  means  for  producing  heavier 
crops  without  recourse  to  fertilizers.  It  is  a  crop  also 
which  is  as  readily  salable,  as  corn  on  the  market, 
and  with  our  ability  to  produce  the  heaviest  forage 
crops  on  the  arable  land,  can  often  be  wisely  converted 
into  a  sale  crop  and  its  place  be  taken  in  feeding  stock 
by  the  forage  crops. 

The  production  of  tobacco  in  the  South  Atlantic 
States  last  year  was  in  Virginia  136,769,250  lbs.  grown 
on  182,259  acres.  In  North  Carolina,  142,520,950  lbs. 
grown  on  219,263  acres.  In  South  Carolina  25,625,408 
lbs.  grown  on  34,912  acres,  with  a  small  acreage  in 
Georgia,  Florida  and  two  or  three  ether  States..  The 
value  of  the  tobacco  crop  in  Virginia  is  put  at 
$12,309,232,  in  North  Carolina  at  $15,677,304,  and  in 
South  Carolina  at  $3,331,303.  In  Maryland  the  quan- 
tity produced  was  31,300,625  lbs.  grown  on  34,081 
acres,  and  of  the  vaiue  of  $1,491,044.  With  the  ex- 
ception of  Kentucky,  which  produced  257,755,200  lbs. 
grown  on  322,194  acres.  North  Carolina  and  Virginia 
are  the  largest  tobacco  producing  States  in  the  conn- 
try.  The  yield  per  acre,  however,  in  these  States  is 
much  below  that  of  the  New  England  and  other  North- 
ern tobacco- producing  States.  In  Virginia,  tha  aver- 
age yield  per  acre  was  750  lbs.,  in  North  Carolina  650 
lbs.,  in  South  Carolina  734  lbs.  In  the  New  England 
States,  the  average  yield  runs  from  1,500  to  1,800  lbs. 


1903.J 


THE  80UTHBKN  PLANTEB 


83 


to  the  acre,  whilst  in  Pennsjlvaniathe  yield  was  1,275 
lbs  ,  and  in  Wisconsin  1  340  lbs.  to  the  acre.  Much 
of  this  difference  in  the  j  ield  is  no  doubt  to  be  ac- 
counted for  in  the  different  types  of  tobacco  grown  in 
the  South,  but  there  is,  nevertheless,  room  for  great 
improvement  in  the  yield  per  acre  here.  We  have 
known  over  2,000  lbs.  of  tobacco  to  be  grown  on  an 
acre  here  on  several  occasions,  and  something  much 
nearer  this  figure  than  750  lbs.  ought  to  be  grown  of 
the  dark  heavy  shipping  types  which  are  so  largely 
produced  in  this  State.  The  same  cause  lies  largely 
at  the  bottom  of  this  deficient  production  as  of  the  de- 
ficient production  of  the  cereal  crops,  and  the  same 
remedy  should  be  applied.  More  intensive  and  less 
exieimve  farming. 


The  weather  since  the  new  j  ear  came  in  has  been 
quite  seasonable.  We  have  had  severe  frosts,  but  lit- 
tle snow.  We  are  always  glad  to  have  wintery  weather 
in  January.  It  is  needed  for  the  beat  interests  of  the 
farm.  Insect  and  fungous  pests  are  very  apt  to  be 
come  serious  troubles  during  the  period  of  crop  pro- 
duction unless  we  have  sharp  weather  in  January.  If 
we  do  not  get  winter  in  January  in  the  South,  we  are 
very  apt  not  so  get  it  at  all,  as  the  heat  of  the  sun  be 
comes  quite  an  important  factor  in  February.  With 
sharp  frosts  in  January,  the  ice  crop  can  be  seemed, 
and  this  is  quite  an  important  feature  in  the  South, 
especially  on  dairy  farms.  This  year  good  ice  has  been 
secured  right  up  to  the  Atlantic  Seaboard.  The  frost 
and  wet  condition  of  the  land  when  not  frozen  has 
put  a  stop  to  plowing,  and  it  will  take  some  little  time 
of  dry  warm  winds  to  fit  it  again  for  the  teams.  The 
long  fine  fall  acd  early  winter  gave  abundant  oppor- 
tunity for  fall  and  winter  plowing,  and  very  much 
more  land  has  been  broken  for  crops  than  is  often  the 
case.  Where  this  work  was  properly  done,  there  is 
now  a  reserve  of  moisture  in  the  ground,  which,  if 
carefully  conserved,  will  do  much  to  meet  the  needs 
of  crops  during  the  growing  season.  Land  not  al 
jeady  plowed  should  be  given  attention  as  soon  as  dry 
enough  to  break,  but  do  not  be  in  too  great  a  hurry. 
Land  plowed  whea  wet  never  makes  a  good  sedbed, 
however  much  it  may  be  cultivated.  Land  already 
plowed  should  not  be  allowed  to  dry  out  too  much. 
As  soon  as  it  is  dry  enough  to  harrow  down  freely, 
put  the  harrows  on  it,  and  commence  the  preparation 
of  the  sedbed.  This  will  prevent  the  loss  of  moisture 
from  the  subsoil  and  conserve  the  water  for  the  crop. 
It  will  also  be  the  means  of  making  available  the  in 
ert  plant  food  in  the  soil.  Even  in  soils  said  to  be 
largely  exhausted,  there  is  always  a  great  reserve  of 
mineral  fertility,  which  can  be  made  available  for  the 
support  of  crops  by  frequent  cultivation.  Southern 
farmers  have  been  in  the  past  very  remiss  in  this  re 


spect.  They  will  plow  the  land  once  and  harrow  once, 
and  then  proceed  to  plant  the  crop  either  without  fer- 
tilizer or  with  just  a  small  application,  and  then  com-  V 
plain  that  the  crop  makes  a  poor  yield.  It  cannot  do  ^ 
otherwise,  because  of  the  mechanical  condition  of  the 
toil.  Even  the  fertilizer  applied  cannot  be  properly 
or  fully  available  for  the  crop  under  such  conditions. 
Experiments  made  in  a  numlier  of  States  have  shown 
conclusively  that  it  is  possible  to  make  a  profitable 
yield  upon  land  said  to  be  largely  exhausted  without 
the  application  of  any  fertilizer  by  frequent  and  per 
feet  plowing  and  cultivation.  Plowing  too  often  fails 
altogether  to  fulfil  its  proper  function.  Good  plowing 
is  not  merely  the  inversion  of  the  surface  soil — it  is 
the  inversion  and  breaMng  and  mixing  of  the  soil.  It 
is  impossible  for  the  fine  hairlike  root  fibres,  which 
carry  food  to  the  plant  to  permeate  and  search  out  the 
plant  food  in  the  soil  where  it  is  full  of  hard  lumps. 
The  whole  seed  bed  should  be  made  as  fine  as  possi- 
ble, then  these  little  fibres  can  thread  their  way  in 
and  out  of  the  interstices  of  the  soil  and  appropriate 
by  the  aid  of  moisture,  the  food  elements  always  more 
or  less  present.  Another  great  purpose  served  in  the 
fine  breaking  of  the  soil  by  repeated  plowing  and  cul- 
tivation is  that  it  permits  of  the  free  working  and 
multiplication  of  the  soil  microbes,  uponiwhich  large- 
ly depends  the  fertility  of  all  soils.  A  hard  lumpy 
soil  is  largely  a  dead  soil,  and  a  dead  soil  is  an  unpro- 
ductive one.  This  necessity  for  microbic  life  in  a  soil 
is  largely  a  new  discovery  in  agricultural  science,  but 
the  more  fully  it  is  investigated  the^more  important 
appears  to  be  its  necessity.  The^^presence  of  humus  in 
the  soil  and  an  alkaline  conditicnjare  found  to  be  con. 
ditions  precedent  to  this  active  microbic  life.  Hence 
the  necessity  for  lime  and  leguminous ;;  crops  ;^in  the 
development  of  soil  fertility.  The;  two^greatf factors 
necessary  to  fertility  are  soil  'moisture^'and  microbic 
life,  and  these  are  both  encouraged  and  maintained  by 
finely  worked  and  brokan  soil.  Where  it  is  intended 
to  apply  mineral  fertilizers  to  the*land,  such  as  acid 
phosphate  and  potash,  these  ingredients^^may  be  more 
profitably  applied  nowthanjat  thejtime  of|seeding  the 
crops.  Th«y  require  time  to  become  available  and 
thoroughly  assimilated  with  the^soil.  a  There  need  be 
no  fear  of  loss  by  leaching.  Where^farm  yard  manure 
is  to  be  applied,  it  should  be  got  on  the!  land  at  once 
and  be  spread  and  worked  into;  the  soil  with  harrow 
and  cultivator. 


Get  out  all  farm'^pen  >ndjstable7 manure  as  it  is 
made,  and  spread  it  on  sodlorjarable  land.  It  had 
much  better  leach  out  on 3the^  laud], than  in  the  farm 
yard.  The  leachings  there  ;will'noti be  lost,  as  is  too 
often  the  case  withjthose  in^  the  ^farmlyard.  If  grass 
land,  which  is  Intended  to  |be  mown  for  hay  be  top- 


84 


THE  80UTHEBN  PLAIJTER 


[February 


dressed  with  manure  from  the  yard,  which  is  an  ex 
oellent  way  in  which  to  improve  the  soil,  the  manure 
should  be  got  out  at  once  and  be  spread  evenly  on  the 
land.  Afcer  it  has  laid  a  week  or  two,  run  over  the 
land  with  a  bush  harrow  and  thus  break  the  mauure 
out  finely  and  work  it  into  the  roots  of  the  grass.  Then 
follow  the  bush  with  a  horse  rake,  and  thus  get  off 
the  long,  strawy  matter  which,  if  left  en,  will  mix  with 
the  hay  and  spoil  the  sample. 


It  is  too  early  yet  to  seed  any  crop,  except  Canada 
peas  and  oats,  in  either  Virginia  or  North  Carolina. 
Further  South,  oats  may  be  sown  after  the  middle  of 
the  month.  Canada  peas  and  oats  may  be  sown  up  to 
the  end  of  the  month  in  Middle  and  Eastern  Virginia 
and  North  Carolina,  and  up  to  the  middle  of  the  month 
of  March  in  Piedmont  and  the  mountain  sections  of 
those  States.  This  crop  is  better  seeded  in  December 
and  January  than  in  February,  and  we  advised  atten- 
tion to  it  in  those  months.  We  have,  however,  known 
good  crops  made  seeded  in  February.  It  is  a  North 
em  climate  crop,  and  reqi  ires  to  complete  its  growth 
before  the  hot  weather  sets  in,  or  mUdew  will  destroy 
it.  Its  value  as  an  early  forage  crop  for  hogs,  sheep 
and  cattle  is  great,  and  it  also  makes  fine  hay.  Sow 
li  bushels  of  peas  per  acre,  and  plow  them  down  or 
put  in  deep  with  a  drill ;  they  should  have  a  cover  of 
at  least  four  or  five  inches.  Then  sow  broadcast  three 
quarters  of  a  bushel  of  oats  and  harrow  in.  If  the 
land  is  poor,  apply  300  lbs.  of  acid  phosphate  to  the 
acre  and  work  in  with  the  harrow.  When  the  peas 
and  oate  have  commenced  to  grow  freely,  apply  75  to 
100  lbs.  of  nitrate  of  soda  to  the  acre  aa  a  top-dress- 
ing, and  a  vigorous  g rowth  will  be  assured.  Where 
the  land  is  in  fair  fertility  and  has  grown  peas  before 
the  nitrat«  of  soda  will  not  be  needed,  as  the  peas 
will  soon  be  vigorous  enough  to  secure  their  own 
nitrogen  from  the  atmosphere. 


Grass  and  clover  seed  not  seeded  in  the  fall  (which 
Is  the  proper  time  all  through  the  South,  except  in 
the  mountain  sections)  if  a  good  stand  is  to  be  confi 
dently  expected,  should  be  sown  during  this  month 
and  in  the  first  half  of  March.  We  have  always  ad 
vised  against  sowing  grass  and  clover  with  a  grain 
crop  where  a  permanent  stand  of  grass  is  desired;  and 
each  year  that  passes  only  adds  to  our  certainty  that 
we  are  right  in  this  view.  More  money  has  been 
wasted  on  clover  and  grass  seed  seeded  with  grain 
than  in  almost  any  other  way  on  the  farm.  The  prac- 
tice of  60  seeding  was  introduced  from  England,  where 
climatic  conditions  are  so  different  from  our  own. 
There,  there  is  always  an  abundance  of  moisture  in 
the  ground,  and  none  of  the  hot,  burning  weather 
which  we  have  in  the  summer.    Harvest  time  is  much 


late  r,  and  thus  the  shading  of  the  young  grass  and 
clover  is  continued  until  the  cool  fall  montts.  Here, 
lack  of  moisture  in  the  land  begins  to  be  felt  early  in 
the  summer,  and  the  grain  crops  matare  and  are  cut 
just  at  the  time  when  the  power  of  the  sun  is  greatest 
The  result  is,  that  the  growth  of  the  grass  and  clover 
is  weak  and  spindling,  and  it  is  laid  bare  to  the  burn- 
ing sun  just  when  it  most  needs  protection.  Thousands 
of  acres  are  thus  lost  every  year.  If  seeded  in  the 
fall,  a  much  stronger  root  growth  is  secured  before  the 
hot  weather  sets  in,  and  the  cutting  of  the  grain  may 
not  result  so  fatally;  but  our  advice  is,  whether  seed- 
ing in  fall  or  spring  (but  most  certainly  when  seeding 
in  the  spring),  never  to  seed  along  with  grain.  The 
grain  crop  is  much  more  robust  and  quicker  in  growth 
than  the  grass  and  clover,  and  is  thus  better  able  to 
forage  for  support,  and  appropriates  the  moisture 
which  the  small  plants  so  greatly  need.  Instead  of  a 
nurse  crop,  the  grain  crop  becomes  a  robber  crop,  and 
the  grass  and  clover  is  a  failure.  When  seeded  alone, 
the  grass  and  clover  is  given  a  chance  to  secure  what 
it  needs,  and  being  unshaded,  becomes  robust  and 
hardy  in  growth  and  able  to  resist  the  power  of  the 
sun  and  rarely  fails  to  make  a  good  stand  if  soil  fer- 
tility is  sufficient;  and  if — and  this  is  a  great  if^weeds 
are  not  so  numerous  as  to  smother  it  out.  Weeds  will 
beat  even  a  grain  crop  in  killing  out  a  stand  of  graes 
and  clover.  Never  seed  grass  and  clover  on  land  full 
of  weed  seed.  It  is  only  labor  and  seed  wasted.  If 
land  is  clean,  then  sow  from  two  to  three  bushels  of 
grass  seed  to  the  acre,  with  10  or  12  lbs.  of  clover  seed, 
and  a  fair  stand  may  be  expected.  We  believe  in 
heavy  seeding  of  grass.  Our  experience  has  con- 
vinced us  that  only  in  this  way  can  a  satisfactory  sod 
be  secured.  The  percentage  of  seed  which  is  viable 
and  will  grow,  is  in  grass  seed  always  much  lower  than 
in  the  case  of  larger  seeds,  and  much  of  that  seeded 
never  comes  to  a  mature  plant.  Even  if  it  sprouts,  a 
large  proportion  has  not  vitality  enough  to  resist  un- 
favorable conditions  of  weather  and  soil.  Let  the 
land  be  well  prepared  and  the  seed  bed  be  made  aa 
fine  as  possible  before  seeding,  and  do  not  spare  ma- 
nure and  fertilizer.  An  application  of  300  or  400  lbs. 
of  bone  meal  to  the  acre  will  always  be  found  profit- 
able when  seeding  to  grass.  It  gives  up  its  plant  food 
slowly,  and  thus  the  effect  is  long  continued.  After 
seeding  roll  the  land  if  it  is  dry  enough  to  roll  with- 
out packing  on  the  roller.  This  will  do  much  to  en- 
sure quick  germination.  If  a  piece  of  land  seeded 
with  grass  or  clover  in  the  fall  has  failed  to  make  a 
good  stand,  this  may  be  improved  by  harrowing 
lightly  and  then  reseeding  with  about  a  half  seeding 
of  grass  and  clover,  following  with  the  roller.  As  to 
the  kind  of  grass  to  be  seeded:  For  a  permanent 
meadow  on  good  sound  land,  we  would  seed  a  mixture 


IWS.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLABTEB 


S5 


of  Orchard  Grass,  Tall  Meadow  Oat  Grass,  Herds  Grass 
(Bed  Top),  and  Meadow  Fescue.  On  low,  damp  land, 
we  would  seed  Italian  Rye  Grass  and  Herds  Grass — 
adding  in  each  case  from  5  to  8  lbs.  of  red  clover. 
Timothy  should  be  seeded  alone.  For  a  pasture,  a 
much  greater  variety  of  grasses  is  best,  as  they  ma- 
ture at  differeat  seasons  and  thus  lengthen  the  season 
of  feeding.  For  this  purpose  sow  on  sound,  loamy 
soils  Tall  Meadow  Oat  Grass,  Meadow  Fescue,  Virginia 
Blue,  Orchard,  Pe  ennial  Eye,  Red  Top,  and  2  or  3 
lbs.  of  Red  Clover.  For  moist  bottom  land,  sow  Red 
Top  (Herds  grass),  Italian  Rye,  Meadow  Fescue, 
Orchard  Grass,  Perennial  Rye,  and  Alsike  Clover. 


Tobacco  plant  beds  should  be  got  ready  and  be 
seeded  as  soon  as  possible.  See  that  the  land  is  well 
burnt  and  all  weed  seeds  destroyed  and  the  surface 
soil  made  fine  and  rich,  so  that  the  seed,  when  it  ger 
minates,  may  be  able  to  grow  off  quickly.  Select  land 
that  is  well  filled  with  vegetable  matter,  se  that  it  will 
not  crust  and  pack  hard,  and  mind  that  provision  is 
made  for  drainage  and  for  keeping  the  bed  moist. 
CJover  with  plant- bed  muslin. 


After  deciding  the  location  and  area  of  the  different 
«rops  to  be  grown,  make  out  lists  of  the  seeds  and  fer 
tllizers  required  and  give  your  orders  to  the  merchants 
at  once,  so  that  these  articles  may  be  on  hand  when 
wanted.  Do  not  have  to  wait  and  lose  the  best  op- 
portunity for  putting  in  your  crops  from  inability  on 
the  part  of  the  merchants  to  deliver  goods  just  imme 
■diately  when  ordered. 


"JIANURE  SAVING." 

Editor  Southern  Planter : 

By  purchase  we  came  onto  a  rather  ancient  and 
much  abused  farm.  Its  barn  was  on  the  old-fash 
loned  plan  of  two  log  pens  about  30  feetlsquare  with 
drive  way  through  center  under  roof  and  a  story 
above. 

A  shed  about  12  feet  wide  was  built  all  the  way 
round  and  boxed  up.  After  the  first  season's  winter 
feeding  in  the  face  of  fast  and  frozen  blasts,  laden 
frequently  with  sleet,  snow  and  rain,  we  concluded 
the  thing  was  too  open  and  friendly  in  its  disposition 
and  that  we  would  shut  some  m»re  of  the  weather  out. 
So  cracks  on  north,  east  and  west  sides  were  all  bat 
tened  up  tight,  light  studding  was  put  up  inside,  cov 
€red  with  building  paper  (this  only  cost  75  cents  for 


which  had  hitherto  gone  to  waste  on  the  dirt  floor, 
even  in  spite  of  a  liberal  use  of  bedding.  One  could 
not  read  your  paper  long  and  continue  to  ignore  the 
saving  of  this  moat  available  source  of  plant  food  for 
the  thin  places  in  his  land. 

A  thorough  investigation  of  stall  plans  seemed  to 
indicate  that  the  Van  Norman  would  tuit  us  best. 
With  mill  stuffs  a  cent  and  a  quarter  or  half  a  pound, 
and  even  hay  nearly  a  dollar  per  cwt.,  it  was  estima- 
ted to  save  its  cost,  extra  over  some  of  the  simpler 
sorts,  in  feed  during  a  single  season.  What's  lumber 
here  anyway .  We  bought  two  inch  hard  wood  for  these 
floors  and  manure  troughs  at  50  cents  per  100. 

We  find  it  almost  impossible  for  a  cow  to  waste  a 
particle  of  either  bran  or  roughness  out  of  these  feed 
troughs. 

One  shed  on  the  south  side  of  barn  was  taken  up 
by  the  feed  alley  running  next  to  the  log  wall,  thus 
throwing  all  the  droppings  and  walkway  next  the  out- 
side of  barn.  Through  the  outside  of  this  shed  we 
cut  holes  about  18  inches  wide  and  3  feet  long,  one  to 
each  two  or  three  cows.  The  manure  is  thrown  out 
of  these  directly  from  the  fork  into  a  eecond  leanto, 
thus  avoiding  its  handling  twice  and  wheelbarrow 
rolling.  This  addition  is  merely  a  light  framework 
running  the  full  length  of  the  barn  or  the  south  side 
with  shingle  roof  and  sides  looking  very  much  like  a 
plank  fence  with  the  fence  turned  wrong  side  out.  It 
is  handy  to  load  manure  from  along  side,  and  as  the 
manure  thrown  out  is  kept  well  covered  with  straw 
and  the  sun  shines  into  the  shed  nearly  the  whole 
of  a  winter  day,  it  makes  a  favorite  place  for  the 
Shorthorns  to  lounge  around,  basking  In  the  sun- 
shine. 

A  weekly  sprinkling  of  dry  dirt  or  Tennessee  phos- 
phate or  gypsum  prevents  the  escape  of  ammonia 
whilst  the  tramping  of  other  stock  pacVs  It  down 
after  the  tearing  up  of  hogs  hunting  waste  grain. 
Heating  Is  thus  avoided.  The  beneficent  Influences  of 
dry  dirt  and  sunlight  are  not  fully  appreciated  by  the 
average  farmer.  We  know  from  experience  that  stock 
do  better  when  given  the  freedom  of  covered  yards 
protected  against  north  winds,  and  are  of  opinion  that 
a  better  quality  of  manure  Is  made  thereby.  Certainly 
less  water  is  uselessly  loaded  and  hauled  to  the  fields 
than  is  the  case  when  taken  from  manure  cellars  or 
the  stalls  themselves.  With  all  sorts  of  feed  stuffs  $1 
per  100  pounds  it  is  difficult  to  see  much  profit  in 
stock  feeding  without  counting  in  the  manure.  This 
is  not  unreasonable  so  long  as  we  pay  $20  per  ton  for 
fertilizers.     Manure  carefully  saved  and  wisely  used 


500  square  feet),  then  ceiled  with  rough  lumber  up  to 

loft.    Two  heavy  rolling  doors  were  made  to  close  will  of  itself  pay  a  fair  profit  on  the  production  of  the 

np  the  drive  way  from  the  north,  each  13  feet  wide.      feed.    The  feeder's  cash  outlay  for  concentrated  feeds 

Having  completed  these  cheap  but  most  paying  should  be  repaid  otherwise, 
mpro  vements,  we  thought  of  all  the  liquid  manure 


'  MAPLBHXmST. 


86 


THB  80UTHKBN  PLASTEB. 


[February 


WHEAT   GROWING. 

SdHor  Southern  Planter  : 

In  yonr  November  numbtr,  under  the  head  of  "Farm 
Management,"  yon  say,  "A  crop  of  wheat  that  can  be 
well  seen  above  ground  before  hard  frosty  weather  seis 
in  will  almost  invariably  make  a  better  yield  than  one 
which  is  two  or  three  inches  high  at  that  time."  This 
does  not  agree  with  the  opinion  of  most  of  the  practi 
cal  farmers  of  this  section.  The  aim  is  here  to  sow 
as  soon  as  can  be  done  and  avoid  damage  by  the 
"fly."  There  are  gome  farmers  who  are  willing  to 
risk  the  fly  in  order  to  get  their  wheat  in  early,  say 
ing  that  late  sowing  has  been  more  damaging  than  the 
fly.  This  has  been  a  very  favorable  fall  on  the  wheat. 
The  land  was  or  could  be  put  in  fine  order,  and  the 
rains  have  come  In  right  quantity  and  not  washing. 
My  neighbor,  among  many  who  sowed  very  early  this 
season,  started  his  drill  September  9th.  Mine  was 
started  September  22d.  Both  fields  have  a  rank 
growth.  His  has  been  well  pastured  and  minegrazed 
a  little.  There  are  those  here  who  claim  that  wheat 
pastured  by  sheep  will  yield  four  or  five  bushels  more 
per  acre  on  ffood  land.  Still  another  successful  farmer 
says  he  does  not  think  wheat  should  be  pastured,  that 
he  never  saw  any  too  rank  in  the  fall.  What  I  call  a 
rank  growth  is  Irom  6  inches  to  12  inches  high,  vary- 
ing according  to  the  lertility  of  the  soil. 

What  you  eay  of  a  thorongh  preparation  of  the  soil 
must  be  concurred  in  by  every  observing  tiller  of  the 
land,  but  my  opinion  is  that  this  should  apply  to  all 
other  crops.  Tillage  and  clover  is  my  motto  In  farm 
ing. 

We  are  all  anxious  to  learn  more,  and  we  would  like 
to  know,  Mr.  Editor,  why  you  consider  a  short  growth 
of  wheat  in  the  fall  better  than  a  larger  one  which  has 
a  chance  to  become  well  rooted  before  freezing  weather 
commences  1 

Lexington,  Va.  P.  M.  W. 

In  leply  to  the  foregoing  we  would  say  that  the 
opinion  given  was  largely  founded  on  personal  expe 
rieoce  in  wheat  growing.  We  have  vividly  in  remem- 
berance  a  crop  grown  many  years  ago  which  so  forci 
bly  impressed  the  lesson  of  too  early  sowing  as  to  cure 
us  permanently  of  the  habit.  In  that  year  we  sowed 
the  first  wheat  on  the  30th  of  September.  We  contin- 
ued to  sow  as  the  laud  was  ready  all  through  the 
month  of  October,  and  finished  seeding  on  the  5th  of 
November.  At  Christmas  the  wheat  sown  on  the  30th 
September  was  eo  tall  and  rank  as  to  completely  hide 
a  hsre  in  the  field.  The  wheat  sown  on  the  5th  of  No 
vember  was  nicely  out  of  the  ground — say  2  or  3  inches 
high.  The  winter  was  not  a  very  severe  one,  but 
on  the  whole  favorable  for  the  crop.  At  harvest  time 
the  difference  between  the  earliest  and  latest  seeded 
crop  was  very  marked.  The  earliest  leeded  had  thou 
sards  of  oars  more  per  acre  than  the  last  seeded,  but 
these  ears  were  small  and  badly  filled,  whilst  the  last 
seeded  were  long  and  well  filled.  When  thrashed  the 
last  seeded  made  more  than  twice  the  yield  per  acre 
of  the  early  sown  crop,  and  the  quality  of  the  grain 
was  very  much  superior.    This  has  also  been  our  ex- 


perience in  other  years  The  effect  of  the  early  seed- 
ing is  to  cause  the  wheat  to  spindle  up  and  tiller  too- 
freely,  thus  inducing  a  weakly  growth  very  apt  to  fall 
down  in  wet  weather  and  to  stay  down.  The  weak, 
slender  straw  does  not  carry  suflicient  food  to  the  ear 
to  make  a  good,  plump  long  ear.  Its  root  growth  is 
defective.  Whilst,  therefore,  experience  has  convinced 
us  that  reasonably  late  sowing  is  preferable  to  too  early 
seeding  we  desire  not  to  be  set  down  as  advocates  for 
very  late  seeding.  There  is  a  proper  time  to  seed,  and 
this  we  believe  to  be  neither  too  soon  nor  too  late.  In 
this  section  of  the  South  we  think  October  is  the  best 
time,  and  not  before  the  10th  of  that  month.  We  like 
to  have  a  sharp  frost  before  we  sted,  and  then  we  are 
reasonably  sure  that  we  shall  not  suffer  from  the  fly. 
After  the  10th  of  October  there  is  plenty  of  time  for 
wheat  on  well  prepared  land  to  make  all  the  growth 
needed  for  it  to  go  through  the  winter  without  serious 
damage,  and  it  will  then  start  off  in  the  spring  vigor- 
ously and  with  a  strong  root  growth  to  maintain  vig- 
orous growth.  There  is  considerable  difference  of  opin- 
ion as  to  the  grazing  of  wheat.  If  the  land  be  dry 
and  the  crop  has  made  a  rapid  fall  growth  we  think 
the  practice  one  to  be  commended  as  tending  to  induce 
root  growth,  but  a  weakly  plant  ought  not  to  be 
grazed. — Ed. 


CLEANING  UP  WASTE  LAND  IN  EASTERN 
VIRGINIA. 

Editor  Southern  Planter : 

The  longer  I  look  around  the  more  I  become  im- 
pressed with  the  fact  that  I  need  advice  by  the 
bushel. 

There  is  a  good  deal  of  so  called  "waste  land  "  on 
this  place.  The  slopes,  bends,  gullies  and  low  lands 
along  acreek  take  up  about  50  acres,  including  about 
ten  acres  that  were  in  cultivation  up  to  a  few  years 
ago.  This  ten  acre  patch  I  have  plowed  and  sown  to 
rye  (with  fertilizer)  for  early  pasture.  I  hope  the 
stock  will  leave  enough  standing  so  that  I  will  not  have 
to  sow  it  again  next  fall,  and  can  keep  it  seeded  by 
plowing  under  what  grain  may  be  left  over. 

Part  of  the  50  acres  is  covered  with  tall  grass, 
among  which  young  pines  have  grown  up  here  and 
there.  I  think  this  would  make  fair  grazing  by 
burning  the  old  grass  and  cutting  down  the  few  pines. 

Part  is  grown  .thickly  with  young  pines.  I  pre- 
sume there  is  nothing  better  to  be  done  than  to  cut 
these  down  and  wait  until  the  stumps  rot. 

Part — about  ten  acres — is  grown  up  so  thickly  with 
bushes  and  briers  of  all  sorts  that  a  dog  can  hardly 
get  through.  I  have  been  told  that  it  will  cost  not 
less  than  $10  per  acre  to  clear  this  land.  Is  there  no 
other  way  than  to  grub  out  the  bushes?  If  cut,  will 
not  the  stock  keep  down  the  young  growth? 

I  have  enclosed  this  50  acres,  together  with  10  acres 
of  heavy  wire  grass,  with  twelve  strand  woven  fence. 
Nearly  all  of  the  sixty  acres  are  fairly  good  clay  soil. 
Some  places  wash  badly,  and  these  I  shall  plant  to 


1903  J 


THE  80TJTHBEN  PLANTBE. 


8T 


wire  gr£i88.  Would  plant  wire  grass  all  over  but  for 
the  fact  that  it  lasts  only  for  such  a  short  season. 
How  would  a  mixture  of  native  blue  grass,  red  top 
and  fescue  do  for  the  wet  places  and  timothy,  orchard 
grass,  white  clover,  red  top  and,  perhaps,  a  little  Ken 
tncky  blue  grass  for  the  hillsides  ? 

If  I  can  get  a  nice  green  sod  on  this  waste  land,  I 
shall  consider  it  the  most  valuable  part  of  the  farm. 
But  I  have  other  waste  lands,  little  corners  cut  off  by 
ditches  from  the  fields,  river  banks  and  corners  of  all 
sorts,  that  are  either  too  small  or  not  conveniently  lo 
Gated  to  be  attached  to  the  pastures.  The  largest  of 
these  patches  may  be  five  acres,  others  are  only  afrac 
tion  of  an  acre;  some  are  grown  up  to  weeds,  others 
to  broom  straw,  others  to  scrub  pines,  and  others  to 
timber  that  is  of  little  or  no  value  owing  to  location. 
Some  of  this  land  is  loam,  some  clay,  and  some  gravel 
or  sand.  These  waste  lands  are  unsightly,  bring  no 
revenue,  and  add  nothing  to  the  value  of  the  place. 
I  have  been  thinking  of  planting  a  few  acres  to  cedars 
to  provide  posts  for  the  future,  as  I  am  clearing  the 
better  located  woods  for  fields.  Would  it  be  advisable 
to  plant  young  fruit  trees,  such  as  stacdard  varieties 
of  apples,  plums  and  cherries  ?  I  might  manage  to 
give  them  one  or  two  cultivations  for  a  few  years,  but 
could  not  give  much  care  to  the  trees.  There  are  prob 
ably  over  30  acres  of  corners  on  the  place  that  are  not 
easily  accessible  with  wagons  and  machinery  or  acces 
sible  only  during  the  dry  months.  I  would  like  to 
put  this  land  to  some  moderately  profitable  use.  Tbej 
are  now  eyesores  and  harbors  for  all  sorts  of  vermin. 

Sanover  Co.,Va.  "Greenhorn." 

The  work  of  cleaning  up  the  odd  waste  patches  and 
corners  on  a  farm  is  one  that  is  much  too  often  neg- 
lected. Even  if  the  direct  profit  resulting  from  the 
utilization  of  the  land  is  not  large,  there  is  an  indirect 
profit  which  is  a  large  one.  The  attractiveness  of  the 
place  is  enhanced  and  value  is  added  to  it  in  the  eyes 
of  a  prospective  bujer.  As  breeding  places  for  insect 
pests  and  fungoid  diseases,  and  as  nurseries  for  the 
growth  and  perpetuation  of  weeds,  they  are  sources  o( 
never  ending  loss  on  the  farm  until  cleaned  up.  We 
are  thertfore  heartily  in  sympathy  with  our  carres 
pondent  in  his  effort  to  get  rid  of  these  places  on  his 
farm.  Wherever  these  places  are  covered  with  pines 
and  other  forest  growth,  not  of  snflScientvalueto  make 
lumber,  these  should  be  cut  down  in  the  summer-,  aijd 
the  stumps  will  then  rot  out  in  a  couple  of  years. 
Where  there  is  a  heavy  growth  of  reeds  and  coarse 
grass,  these  should  be  burnt  off  in  the  early  spring, 
and  if  the  patch  is  not  large  enough  to  cultivate  in  an 
arable  crop,  then  Japan  clover  should  be  sown  on  it 
at  the  rate  of  12  pounds  to  the  acre.  This  will  grow 
up  with  the  grass,  and  in  the  end  cover  all  the  plot, 
and  at  the  same  time  improve  the  laud  and  fit  it  to 
carry  a  better  sod.  This  clover  will  make  only  graz 
ing  in  this  section,  but  will  be  found  a  great  addition 
in  that  respect,  and  will  continually  reseed  itself. 
Where  the  patch  is  large  enough  and  the  soil  good 
enough  to  carry  a  grass  sod,  we  would  break  it  with  a 


small  harrow  or  cultivator,  and  the  damp  low  ljing\ 
places  we  would  seed  with  red  top  (herds  grass),  \ 
meadow  fescue,  peiennial  rye  and  meadow  grass.  The 
drier  land  we  would  setd  in  the  same  way  with  or- 
chard grass,  tall  mea(?owoat  grass,  Virginia  blue  grass 
and  red  fescue.  Bermuda  grass  (wire  grass)  will  also 
do  well  on  the  drier  land  and  keep  green  in  the  hot- 
test weather.  If  along  with  the  Bermuda  grass  some 
Virginia  blue  grass,  meadow  fescue  and  perennial  rye 
grass  was  sown,  it  would  help  to  make  a  winter  pas- 
ture. We  could  not  advise  the  planting  of  fruit  trees 
on  these  low  lying  lands,  as  the  chance  of  a  crop  would 
be  very  doubtful.  Frost  is  always  more  destructive 
to  fruit  blosEom  on  these  low  Ijing  lands  than  on  the 
hillsides.  The  cold  cunents  of  air  are  there  stagna- 
ted, and  even  late  blooming  varieties  are  made  un- 
fruitful. Besides,  fruit  grown  in  such  places  never 
keeps  well.  The  idea  of  growing  cedars  for  fence  posts 
on  part  of  the  lots  is  one  worth  considering.  We  would 
suggest  the  growing  of  ca  alpa  trees  on  part  of  the  lots 
for  the  same  purpose.  Several  of  the  large  railroad 
companies  are  now  planting  thousands  of  acres  in  ca- 
talpa  for  ties  and  fencing  purposes.  The  tree  grows 
fast,  and  makes  excellent  posts,  rails  and  ties.  The 
Department  of  Agriculture  has  recently  issued  a  bul- 
letin on  this  subject  which  it  may  be  well  to  obtain. 
Wherever  pieces  of  land  are  large  enough  and  acces- 
sible enough  to  be  put  under  cultivation,  we  would, 
as  soon  as  the  stumps  are  rotted  out,  put  irto  a  crop 
and  work  for  at  least  a  couple  of  years  and  then  put 
down  to  grass.  In  no  other  way  can  a  good  sod  of 
permanent  grass  be  had.  Whilst  young  cattle  will 
browse  on  bushes  to  gome  extent,  yet  they  will  rarely 
succeed  in  so  keeping  them  down  as  to  ultimately  de- 
stroy them.  Goats  will,  however,  do  so,  as  they  pre- 
fer to  browse  rather  than  graze.  In  an  experiment 
recently  made  in  one  of  the  New  England  States,  a  few 
Angora  goats  cleaned  up  a  piece  of  brush  land  thor- 
oughly in  a  couple  of  years.  We  should  be  inclined 
to  try  this  plan  with  some  of  the  plots.  The  cost  would 
not  be  great,  and  the  goats  would  bring  in  some  in- 
come, besides  fitting  the  land  for  a  better  use,  and  at 
any  rate  making  it  more  sightly.— Ed. 


Planting  Bermuda  Grass. 

Will  you  please  tell  me  in  the  next  month's  Planter 
if  it  will  do  to  plant  Bermuda  grass  roots  in  the  latter 
part  of  February  and  March.  I  planted  in  August, 
September  and  October,  and  did  not  get  a  stand. 

Iredell  Co.,  N.  G.  O.  E.  Shook. 

Yes.— Ed. 


When  corresponding  with  advertisers  mention  the 

Southern  Planter. 


88 


THE  SOUTHEBN  pt.aVTKR- 


LFebraary 


ENQUIRER'S  COLUMN. 

Enqniriea  should  be  sent  to  the  office  of  The  Southern  Planter 
Richmond,  Va.,  not  later  than  the  15th  of  the  month,  for  re- 
pliee  to  appear  in  the  next  month's  issue  of  the  Planter. 


Qrass  for  Pasture. 

Please  let  me  know  through  your  inquirers  column 
the  kind  of  grass  seed  to  sow  on  a  field  of  woodland 
which  I  have  cut  off.  The  land  is  a  gray  land  with 
red  clay  subsoil.  I  want  to  coulter  it  np  and  sow  it  in 
February  or  March. 

Orange  Co.,  Va.  E.  M.  Harnsbeegee. 

We  presume  that  this  is  intended  for  pasture  as  no 
thing  is  said  about  having  removed  the  stumps.  We 
assume  the  land  to  be  dry  and  light.  On  this  we  would 
sow  2  to  3  bushels  per  acre  of  a  mixture  made  up  of 
Tall  Meadow  oat  grass,  orchard  grass,  Herds  grass, 
Virginia  Blue  grass,  Meadow  Fescue  and  Perennial 
Eye  grass. — Ed. 


Nitrate  of  Soda  on  the  Oat  Crop. 
Would  you  recommend  the  nee  of  a  nitrate  of  soda 
on  oats  and  wheat?  If  you  can,  please  state  best  time 
to  use  it,  and  how  much  per  acre.  C.  A.  8. 

See  reply  in  this  issue  as  to  the  use  of  nitrate  of  soda 
on  wheat.     Use  iu  the  same  way  on  oats.— Ed. 


Canada  Peas — Angora  Qoats, 

I  tax  you  for  a  sufficiency  of  your  valuable  time  to 
answer  the  following  questions : 

Is  it  practicable  to  buy  Canada  field  peas  to  sow  this 
winter  now,  here  in  Louisa  county,  with  no  visible 
chance  of  getting  them  in  the  ground  as  early  as  you 
advise  in  a  recent  issue  of  the  Planter  T  Seed  quoted 
by  a  Richmond  firm  at  $1  65  a  bushelt 

Having  135  acres  of  land,  nearly  all  thicket,  just 
such  as  yon  find  over  much  of  this  section  unfit  on  ac 
count  of  growth  for  grazing  cattle  or  sheep,  would 
you  advise  the  purchase  of  a  flock  of  Angora  goats  to 
feed  on  this  land  ;  and  if  so,  how  manj! 

Would  four  strands  of  barb  wire  be  a  sufficient  fence 
to  enclose?  Have  line,  roomy  barn,  shedddd  on  three 
sides  on  land,  and  land  lies  convenient  to  my  farm. 
Please  state  comparative  profit  of  goats  and  sheep, 
and  also  as  nearly  as  you  can,  what  first  cost  of  goats 
per  head  would  be. 

Apple  Grove,  Va.  James  H.  Quisenbeeey. 

We  have  known  a  crop  of  Canada  peas  and  oats, 
seeded  in  the  first  week  in  March  in  Chesterfield 
county,  to  make  a  fair  crop;  but  the  spring  was  a 
cold  one.  They  should  be  got  in  earlier  than  this  to 
give  them  a  fair  opportunity.  If  you  can  seed  this 
month,  the  ciop  might  be  worth  the  cost,  and  the  land 
would  be  improved  for  the  cow  peas  to  follow. 

In  this  issue  you  will  find  a  reply  to  a  query  as  to 
Angora  goats,  to  which  we  refer  you.  We  are  strongly 
of  opinion  that  on  such  land  as  you  describe,  goats 
will  be  found  profitable,  both  directly  and  indirectly. 
They  will  clean  it  np  and  fit  it  for  cultivation  cheaper ' 


than  in  any  other  way.  You  should  have  at  least  fifty 
goats  to  get  ahead  of  the  brush  growth  on  135  acres 
of  land.  We  think  four  strands  of  wire  would  en- 
close the  goats. — Ed. 

Rotation  of  Crops. 

I  have  been  sowing  wheat  every  other  year  after 
wheat — sowing  clover  with  wheat  in  every  instance, 
cutting  only  one  crop  of  clover  when  I  gob  a  stand, 
and  when  I  did  not  get  a  stand  of  clover,  I  sowed 
peas.  Thus  you  see  I  got  a  clover  or  pea  fallow  each 
time  I  Fowed  wheat,  using  at  time  of  seeding  a  heavy 
application  of  bone  meal  and  acid,  and  my  lands  seem 
very  much  improved  ;  yield  of  wheat  increases  every 
year.  But  now  comes  the  question:  Will  they  continue 
to  do  so  with  this  mode  of  treatment  and  farming,  or 
would  you  advise  a  rotation  of  crops  1  If  so,  please 
name  crops  in  rotation  that  should  be  cultivated  on 
these  lands  before  they  come  to  wheat  again.  These 
lands,  when  I  started  four  years  ago,  were  as  poor  as 
poverty;  could  not  reasonably  expect  to  more  than  get 
my  seed  back,  but  I  now  get  from  ten  to  fifteen  bush- 
els per  acre.  C.  L.  Doggett. 

Mecklenburg  Co.,  Va. 

Yes.  Your  lands  will  continue  to  improve  under 
this  system  so  long  as  yon  take  care  to  supply  every 
year,  or  every  other  year,  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
phosphoric  acid  in  the  shape  of  bone  meal  or  acid 
phosphate  to  meet  the  needs  of  the  crops  raised  and 
to  balance  the  nitrogen  gathered  from  the  atmosphere 
by  the  clover  and  peas.  It  would  be  an  advantage  to 
use  a  dressing  of,  say  25  bushels  of  lime  per  acre 
every  third  year  on  the  clover  fallow.  This  would 
make  available  the  potash  and  phosphoric  acid  in  the 
soil,  and  also  tend  to  keep  the  soil  alkaline  enough 
for  the  production  of  clover,  which  cannot  grow  in 
acid  soil.  The  turning  down  of  so  much  green  veg- 
etable matter  has  a  tendency  to  cause  acidity,  and 
hence  your  clover  fails  sometimes.  Possibly  an  ap- 
plication of  50  lbs.  of  muriate  of  potash  with  bone 
meal,  and  acid  phosphate  every  few  years,  might  also 
be  of  service,  though  we  think  it  likely  that  you  have 
a  fair  supply  of  potash  in  the  soil  naturally. — Ed. 


Peas  and  Sorghum. 

I  have  a  forty  acre  field  that  was  fallowed  and  sown 
in  wheat  (red  land),  and  sown  with  timothy  and  clover 
with  200  lbs.  of  fertilizer.  The  drought  caused  no 
growth  in  the  fall,  and  in  the  spring  the  drought  again 
prevented  any  growth  until  late  in  May.  The  result 
was  no  grass,  and  only  some  240  bushels  of  wheat.  I 
am  thinking  of  sowing  it  in  peas,  with  a  little  sor- 
ghum, by  a  disc  drill,  after  plowing,  say  three  fourths 
bushel  peas,  two  quarts  sorghum,  and  100  lbs.  fertil- 
izer per  acre,  in  May,  and  cutting  it  by  mower,  when 
peas  are  forming  to  make  hay.  Would  this  improve 
the  land  and  allow  a  crop  of  corn  to  follow  in  spring 
of  1904;  or  can  this  be  improved  1 

Oulpeper  Go.,Va.  B.  F.  Clark. 

The  land  should  be  in  sufficiently  good  fertility  to 
make  a  crop  of  corn  after  the  peas  and  sorghum;  but 
it  would  be  an  improvement  to  make  an  application  of 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAIITEE. 


-V 


200  lbs.  of  acid  phosphate,  instead  of  100  lbs.  of  ferti- 
lizer. Peas  are  great  consumers  of  phosphoric  acid, 
and  can  never  do  their  best  and  thus  supply  all  the 
nitrogen  they  are  capable  of  doing  unless  it  is  present 
in  abundance. — Ed. 


Cow-Peas,  Soy  Beans,  Crimson  Clover,  Rape,  &c. 

I  would  be  glad  to  know  the  besC  way  to  cultivate 
the  following,  and  when  to  seed  the  same  :  Ist.  Cow 
peas.  2nd.  Navy  beans.  3d.  Crimson  clover.  4th. 
Rape  and  Mangel  Wurtzel  beets  for  cattle  or  sheep  in 
fall  and  winter.  J.  W.  Bonnee. 

We  shall  deal  with  the  raising  of  these  various 
«rops  in  our  issues  during  the  spring  and  fall  months 
when  seasonable,  and  to  these  issues  refer  the  enqui 
rer. — Ed. 


Horse  Training — Articholces, 

Please  recommend  to  me  some  good  book  on  train 
ing  horses  from  their  birth  up.  Also  please  tell  me 
when  and  how  to  plant  artichokes. 

Isle  of  Wight  Co.,  Va.  N.  Peyton  Young. 

The  Saddle  Horse — a  complete  guide  to  riding  or 
training.  Price,  $1.09.  Horses — How  to  handle  and 
edacate  vicious — Gleason.  Price,  50  cents.  We  can 
supply  these  books.  In  this  i3«ue  will  be  found  ad- 
vice as  to  artichokes. — Ed. 


Corn-Qrowing. 

In  this  neighborhood,  people  tell  me  that  we  cannot 
raise  corn  except  we  plant  the  corn  on  ridges  and 
then  keep  it  ridged  as  much  as  possible.  Then  I  have 
been  told  that  it  is  an  old  custom  and  nothing  in  it. 
That  we  can  plant  the  corn  just  the  same  as  in  the 
North  and  get  just  as  good  corn.  Please  give  me  the 
best  way,  as  I  do  not  wish  to  make  a  mistake  and  lose 
my  corn. 

Norfolk  Co.,Va.  Joe  M.  Christensen. 

We  shall  deal  with  this  subject  fully  in  our  spring 
issues,  to  which  we  refer  the  enquirer.  Meanwhile, 
we  would  only  say,  take  no  notice  of  people  who  ad- 
vise you  to  ridge  corn.  We  have  for  years  been  preach 
ing  level  cultivation  of  corn,  and  have  got  thousands 
to  follow  our  advice,  and  always  with  success. — Ed. 


To  Kill  Wire  Grass. 

Could  you  give  me  a  plan  or  system  by  which  one 
<3an  most  easily  rid  a  piece  of  land  of  wire  grass? 

I  have  recently  bought  a  piece  of  land,  and  five  or 
six  acres  of  it  is  strongly  set  in  wire  grass,  and  has  not 
been  cultivated  for  several  years. 

Any  information  along  this  line  will  be  much  ap- 
preciated. Would  be  glad  to  know  if  wire  grass  and 
Bermuda  grass  is  the  same  in  every  respect. 

Edgecombe  Co.,  N.  C.  F.  J.  Doziee. 

The  only  way  to  get  rid  of  wire  grass  is  to  shade 
it  heavUy.  We  know  of  a  case  where  a  piece 
of  land  similar  to  that  described  was  completely  rid 
of  the  grass  in  two  years  by  planting  two  crops  of 
corn  on  it.    The  corn  was  planted  in  rows  three  feet 


apart  and  six  or  eight  inches  apart  In  the  row,  and^ 
was  cut  for  the  silo.     The  corn  made  a  very  heavy 
growth,  and  at  the  end  of  first  year  very  little  wire 
grass  could   be  found.     The  second    crop  completed 
the  work.    Bermuda  and  wire  grass  are  the  same.  —Ed. 


riaintaining  Fertility  of   Land — Dorset  Sheep — 
Sheep  for  Mountain  Land. 

1.  Can  rolling  land  be  kept  up  to  its  present  fertil- 
ity, or  improved,  by  the  following  method  of  rota- 
tion:  Sow  cow  peas  in  corn  at  the  last  working, 
and  when  the  corn  is  in  hard  roasting  ear  state  turn 
in  enough  hogs  to  "hog  down"  the  entire  crop,  then 
sow  rye  on  same  land,  and  when  it  is  large  enough 
graze  with  sheep  or  hogs  as  late  in  the  spring  as  it 
will  be  safe  for  it  to  make  a  crop;  after  the  rye  has 
matuied  "hog-down"  the  entire  crop  again.  After  the 
rye  is  all  consumed  and  the  rag  wteds  have  made  a 
good  start  commence  to  plow  the  same  land  again  for 
corn  the  following  spring,  subsoiling  when  possible 
and  sowing  peas  when  practical,  and  "hog  down"  the 
whole  crop  as  before,  then  sow  in  rye  and  so  on  in- 
definitely? The  foregoing  method  would  obviate  the 
risk  of  clover,  save  labor,  machinery,  a  great  deal  of 
worry  and  more  money,  if  it  does  not  impoverish 
the  land. 

2.  Do  you  know  it  to  be  a  fact  that  Dorset  sheep 
will  defend  themselves  against  dogst 

3.  What  breed  of  graie  sheep  would  you  recom- 
mend crossing  Dorset  rams  on  to  breed  up  a  flock  of 
high  grade  Dorsets,  providing  you  could  not  procure 
grade  Dorsets  at  a  reasonable  price!  Are  Dorsets  as 
good  or  better  than  some  other  breeds  for  mountain 
land!  C.  T.  Black. 

Boyle  Co.,  Ky. 

1.  Such  a  rotation  and  system  of  consuming  the 
crops  on  the  land  as  you  suggest  would  no  doubt 
maintain  and  enhance  the  fertility  of  the  land  for  a 
time,  but  could  not  be  indefinitely  continued  without 
impoverishing  it  and  ceasing  to  be  profitable.  The 
several  crops  named  are  large  consumers  of  phosphoric 
acid  and  potash,  and  whilst  the  existing  supply  of 
these  minerals  in  the  land  continues  sufficient,  the  ro- 
tation would  be  successful;  but  as  soon  as  these  begin 
to  fail,  then  profitable  production  would  cease.  You 
cannot  supply  the  deficiency  in  one  form  of  plant  food 
by  a  superabundance  of  another.  They  must  each  be 
present  in  equivalent  proportion.  If  300  or  400  lbs. 
of  add  phosphate  and  50  lbs.  of  muriate  ol  potash 
was  applied  per  acre  each  year,  thea  the  rcc  licn 
might  go  on  almost  indefinitely  with  success,  as  1 1 
peas  would  supply  the  nitrogen  from  the  atmosphere. 

2.  Dorset  sheep  we  know  will  defend  themselves 
better  from  dogs  than  any  other  breed.  We  have  one 
advertiser  of  this  breed  who  offered  to  make  good 
any  Dorset  sheep  supplied  by  him  which  were  killed 
by  dogs. 

3.  Whilst  the  Dorsets  are  hardy  sheep,  we  do  not 
regard  them  as  especially  a  mountain  breed.  Their 
original  home  was  on  the  low  rolling  lands  of  one  o 


90 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAUTBE. 


[February 


the  warmest  coanties  in  England,  and  they  are  most 
fitted  for  similar  lands  in  this  country.  The  Merinos 
will  do  better  on  high  moantainous  land,  and  the  true 
mountain  sheep  of  the  north  of  England  and  Scotland 
still  better.  We  would  cross  the  Dorset  rams  on  Me- 
rino ewes. — Ed. 


Nitrate  of  Soda  for  Wheat. 

"When  is  the  best  time  to  apply  nitrate  of  soda  to 
the  wheat  crop,  and  what  quantity  should  be  used! 
Should  it  be  harrowed  in,  or  will  it  do  as  well  left  on 
the  surface?    How  much  will  it  increase  the  yield? 

C.  M.  H. 

Nitrate  of  soda  should  never  be  applied  to  any  crop 
until  it  is  commencing  to  grow.  It  is  60  very  soluble 
that  unless  root  action  is  active,  much  of  the  nitrate 
is  apt  to  ba  lo^t  by  leaching  into  tlie  sabsMl.  A.pply 
to  wheat  just  when  the  crop  starts  in  the  spring; 
we  have  seen  it  make  a  wonderful  change  in  the  color 
and  rate  of  growth  in  a  week.  Apply  from  75  to  100 
lbs.  to  the  acre,  broadcast.  It  need  not  be  harrowed 
in,  but  it  is  well  to  harrow  the  wheat  before  sowing 
the  fertilizer  to  break  the  crust  and  incite  root  action. 
We  have  frequently  known  it  to  Increase  the  crop 
from  five  to  ten  buthels  to  the  acre,  and  make  what 
would  have  been  a  complete  failure  a  fair  crop.  — Ed. 


Qrinding  Bones  for  Fertilizer — Preparation  for 
Corn — rielon  Growing, 

I  am  starting  on  a  farm  outside  the  city.  Among 
other  things,  I  shall  raise  some  poultry. 

1.  I  have  bought  a  Mann  bone  mill  to  run  by  power. 
Would  it  pay  me  to  grind  bones  for  fertilizer  as  well 
as  for  chicks?  I  have  plenty  of  green  bones  from  my 
own  shops,  and  have  the  power  on  my  premises.  For 
what  crops  would  the  bone  be  most  suitable,  and 
abont  what  should  be  its  marketable  value?  How 
should  it  be  applied  ? 

2.  I  have  some  land  fallowed  for  corn.  Would  it  be 
best  to  broadcast  the  manure  on  now,  and  let  it  lay, 
or  keep  it  in  the  barn  yard  till  spring,  and  then  apply 
just  before  planting  time?  Apply  it  now,  will  not 
the  ammonia  and  other  parts  of  it  evaporate  and 
be  lost  ? 

3.  What  is  the  most  approved  manner  for  preparing 
the  ground  for  melons,  and  what  is  the  best  manure 
and  fertilieer?  A.  B.  Burcher. 

Warwick  Co.,Va. 

1.  We  do  not  think  that  you  would  find  it  practical 
to  grind  bones  for  fertilizer  with  a  Mann  mill.  The 
bones  used  for  fertilizer  are  first  freed  from  grease  and 
fat  by  boiling  before  being  ground.  The  fat  is  of  no 
value  as  a  fertilizer,  but  rather  a  hindrance.  These 
bones  are  then  dried  and  ground  to  a  powder  much 
finer  than  a  Mann  mill  will  produce.  Bone  meal  is 
valuable,  is  a  source  of  phosphoric  acid,  and  has  also 
a  small  percentage  of  ammonia.  It  is  one  of  the  most 
useful  phosphatic  fertilizers  used — being  lasting  in  its 


action.  It  is  excellent  for  wheat  and  grass  produc- 
tion, and  should  be  applied  broadcast  at  the  rate  of 
300  to  500  lbs.  to  the  acre. 

2.  Apply  the  mannre  broadcast  at  once.  It  will 
waste  less  in  the  field  than  in  the  barn  yard. 

3.  The  land  should  be  deeply  plowed  as  soon  as  dry 
enough,  and  be  left  rough  for  the  weather  to  break  it 
down  until  April.  Then  work  it  fine  and  lay  off  the 
hills  by  running  furrows  lengthwise  six  feet  apart  and 
cross  furrows  six  feet  apart.  At  the  intersection  of 
these  furrows,  open  a  space  with  a  hoe  three  feet  in 
diameter  and  put  in  two  or  three  forkfuls  of  good 
farm  yard  manure,  upon  which  spread  a  handful  or 
two  of  good  truck  feitilizer  and  mix  the  two.  Then 
cover  with  good  soil  to  the  depth  of  three  or  four 
inches  and  plant  the  melon  seeds  on  this  bed  after  the 
ground  is  warm. — Ed. 


Alfalfa  Growing. 

I  want  to  raise  alfalfa  for  meadow,  and  as  it  is  a 
new  grass  in  Southwest  Virginia,  I  want  jou  to  please 
advise  me  how  to  start  it. 

The  Southern  Planter  recommends  sowing  it  in  fall; 
but  I  do  not  think  it  can  stand  the  freezing  here  in 
winter,  as  the  soil  is  of  such  a  nature  as  to  be  readily 
heaved  by  the  alternate  freezing  and  thawing. 

What  time  in  the  spring  do  you  recommend  sowing 
it?  We  very  often  loose  red  clover  by  sowing  early 
in  the  spring,  and  the  frost  killing  it.  Is  alfalfa  easily 
killed  by  frost?  Is  it  best  to  sow  broadcast  or  drill 
it?  How  much  seed  is  required  per  acre?  Ought  it 
to  be  fertilized?  If  so,  what  kind  and  how  much  per 
acre?  If  it  be  fertilized,  would  it  be  bett  to  mix 
grass  seed  and  feetilizer  together  and  drill,  or  not?  If 
sown  in  March  or  April,  and  it  grows  off  nicely,  should 
it  be  mowed  this  year  or  not?  The  land  is  good  where 
I  am  going  to  sow  it.  Jno.  B.  Ferguson. 

Busseil  Co. ,  Va. 

Whilst  we  are  strongly  of  opinion  that  alfalfa  should 
in  the  South,  as  a  general  rule,  be  seeded  in  the  fall, 
yet  exception  should  be  made  in  the  mountain  sec- 
tions— say  above  1,000  feet  in  elevation,  or  wherever 
the  winter  is  very  severe.  Where  these  conditions 
apply,  the  crops  may  be  seeded  in  the  spring  at  any 
time  from  April  to  June.  The  land  should  be  well 
prepared  and  a  tine  seed  bed  be  made.  If  not  rich,  it 
ought  to  have  an  application  of  250  lbs.  of  bone  meal 
to  the  acre,  and  if  at  all  acid,  which  is  nearly  always 
the  case  where  clover  fails,  it  should  have  a  light 
dressing  of  lime  worked  into  the  soil  after  it  is  plowed, 
say  10  to  20  bushels  to  the  acre.  Alfalfa  will  not  grow 
on  sour  land.  If  alfalfa  has  never  been  grown  on  the 
land  before,  it  will  succeed  much  better  if  a  sprink- 
ling of  soil  from  a  field  which  has  grown  alfalfa  be  ap- 
plied. This  will  infect  the  laud  with  the  necessary 
bacteria.  Some  of  these  are  always  found  on  the  seed, 
but  usually  not  as  many  as  necessary  to  make  the  best 
growth.    Sow  20  lbs.  of  seed  per  acre  broadcast.     Do 


1903.] 


THE  80UTHBEN  PLANTBR. 


V 


not  sow  with  a  grain  crop  of  any  kind.  Be  careful  to 
BOW  only  on  land  free  from  weeds.  These  are  the  worst 
enemies  the  crop  has  usually  to  contend  with  in  the 
South.  After  the  crop  has  grown  five  or  six  inches 
high,  run  over  it  with  the  mower,  clipping  it  back  to 
three  inches.  Eept at  this  three  or  four  times  during 
the  summer,  leaving  the  clippings  as  a  mulch,  unless 
they  become  too  heavy  and  fit  for  hay,  when  they 
should  be  removed. 

The  following  remarks  by  Professor  Hopkins  on  the 
growing  of  alfalfa  in  the  Middle  West  are  so  valuable 
that  we  desire  to  bring  them  to  the  notice  of  all  our 
readers.     We  take  them  from  the  Breeders^  Gazette: 

1.  Nitrogen  costs  at  least  15  cents  a  pound  in  com 
mercial  fertilizers,  and  the  farmers  of  the  Uaited  States 
(chiefly  in  the  older  States)  are  paying  millions  of  dol- 
lars every  year  for  commercial  nitrogen. 

2.  The  atmospheric  pressue  is  fifteen  pounds  to  the 
square  inch;  four  fifths  of  the  atmosphere  is  nitrogen; 
there  id  as  much  nitrogen  resting  upon  every  square 
inch  of  the  entire  surface  of  the  earth  as  is  contained 
in  one  ton  of  ordinary  farm  manure. 

3.  Alfalfa  requires  moie  nitrogen  for  successful 
growth  than  any  other  farm  crop  and  more  than  even 
our  rich  prairie  soils  can  furnish;  and,  consequently, 
to  grow  alfalfa  without  bacteria  not  only  exhausts  the 
soil  of  nitrogen,  but  requires  heavy  applications  of 
manure  to  keep  the  alfalfa  from  dying. 

4.  When  inoculated  with  the  proper  bacteria  and 
grown  on  soils  which  are  not  acid,  alfalfa  has  free  ac 
cess  to  the  unlimited  and  inexhaustible  supply  of  at 
mospheric  nitrogen,  and  it  then  becomes  the  greatest 
nitrogen  gathering  plant  known  to  American  agri- 
culture. 

5.  Alfalfa  hay  contains  at  least  2  J  per  cent,  of  nitro 
gen  and  eight  tons  of  alfalfa  hay  which  frequently 
have  been,  and  can  be,  and  should  be,  produced  from 
one  acre  of  land  in  a  single  season  contain  at  least  400 
pounds  of  nitrogen,  which  is  as  much  nitrogen  as  is 
contained  in  400  busheh  of  corn  or  in  forty  tons  of 
farm  yard  manure,  an  amount  of  nitrogen  which  in 
the  form  of  commercial  fertilizers  would  cost  at  least 
$60. 

6.  These  are  not  estimates;  they  are  facts,  absolute, 
positive  and  well  established  facts;  and  if  we  can  put 
our  soils  in  suitable  condition  to  grow  alfalfa — by  in 
oculating  the  soils  which  need  inoculation,  by  liming 
the  soils  which  need  lime,  by  applying  phosphorus  to 
the  soils  which  aie  becoming  deficient  in  phosphorus 
(and  even  at  the  expense  of  a  few  dollars  per  acre) — 
shall  we  not  do  itt 

7.  The  Illinois  Experiment  Station  has  cured  four 
crops  of  alfalfa  hay  without  loss  and  without  difficulty 
during  the  very  wet  season  of  1902.  But  even  if  we 
should  lose  a  crop  of  hay  because  of  wet  weather, 
we  could  well  afford  to  use  it  for  manure.  For  ma 
nurial  purposes  one  ton  of  alfalfa  hay  is  worth  more 
than  four  tons  of  ordinary  farm  yard  manure. 

8.  Alfalfa  hay  is  an  excellent  feed  for  horses,  cattle, 
sheep  or  swine.  It  is  a  richer  feed  than  red  clover  and 
requires  less  corn  to  be  fed  with  it  to  produce  equal 
results. 


Cotton  Fertilizer— English  Peas. 

1.  Muriate  of  Potash  for  Cotton. — I  would  like  to 
know  if  I  can  safely  use  100  lbs.  of  potash  per  acre 
for  cotton.  I  used  50  lbs.  per  acre  last  seasoa  with 
satisfactory  results.  My  lands  are  old  cultivated,  me 
dium  light  soil,  with  clay  subsoil. 

2.  English  Peas.— I  would  like  to  have  some  infor- 
mation in  regard  to  English  peas.  How  many  bushels 
(in  the  hull)  is  considered  a  fair  crop  per  acre — say 
land  that  will  yield  forty  bushels  of  corn  per  acre 
with  good  fertilization?  Are  they  a  profitable  crop  for 
shipping  to  Northern  markets,  provided  they  are 
ready  for  shipping  in  May  ? 

Vegetables  and  Fruit  Packed  in  Lime. — I  would  like 
to  hear  from  others  that  have  tried  the  lime  receipt  ia 
the  October  issue.  I  packed  a  lot  of  tomatoes,  some 
nearly  ripe,  some  green,  in  a  box  with  air  slaked  lime 
as  per  instructions,  some  two  months  ago.  I  opened 
them  recently,  and  found  that  some  of  them  had  rotted 
and  others  had  dried  completely  up. 

Marlboro  Co.,  8.  C.  J.  Pletchee. 

In  South  Carolina  a  very  elaborate  and  carefully- 
conducted  series  of  experiment*  was  made  upon  the 
Experiment  Station  farms  some  years  ago  to  determine 
the  fertilizer  requirements  of  the  cotton  crop.  The 
soils  selected  were  typieal  of  the  upland  soils  of  the 
State,  and  had  been  much  exhausted.  The  conclu- 
sions reached  were  in  part  as  follows: 

1.  Cotton  requires  nitrogen,  phosphoric  acid  and 
potash. 

2.  Of  the  three,  phosphoric  acid  is  relatively  the 
most  important,  and  controls  the  action  of  the  other 
two. 

3.  Nitrogen  Is  relatively  more  important  than  potash. 

4.  Potash,  when  applied  separately,  is  of  little  value. 

5.  With  proper  allowance  for  cost,  as  well  as  the 
effect  of  each  application,  the  requirements  may  be 
more  exactly  given  as  follows,  for  a  crop  yielding  300 
lbs.  of  lint  per  acre :  Nitrogen,  20  lbs. ;  phosphoric 
acid,  50  lbs.;  potash,  15  lbs. 

It  is  concluded  that  the  amount  of  phosphoric  acid 
and  proportionate  amounts  of  nitrogen  and  potash 
cannot  be  indefinitely  increased  with  the  expectation 
of  obtaining  a  corresponding  increase  in  the  crops. 
The  maximum  quantity  of  fertilizer  that  can  in  gen- 
eral be  used  with  advantage,  is  concluded  to  be  an 
amount  that  will  furnish  per  acre  phosphoric  acid,  50 
lbs.;  potash,  15  lbs.;  nitrogen,  20  lb3.  In  general,  the 
most  effective  amount  of  fertilizer  was  652  lbs.  per 
acre,  made  up  of — 

Acid  phosphate 468  lbs. 

Nitrate  of  soda 130  lbs. 

Muriate  of  potash 54  lbs. 

652  lb3. 
It  would  seem,  threfore,  that  it  would  not  be  wise 
for  you  to  increase  the  potash  to  100  lbs.,  even  though 
you  correspondingly  increased  the  other  ingredients. 


\ 


92 


THE  BOUTHBBN  PLAITTEB. 


[February 


2.  Very  large  crops  of  English  peas  are  grown  in 
Tidewater  Virginia  for  shipping  in  May  and  June  to 
the  North  and  for  canning.  They  are  in  a  good  season, 
usually  regarded  as  a  profitable  crop,  and  the  area 
planted  is  constantly  increased.  We  have  no  reliable 
data  as  to  the  average  yield  per  acre.  You  ought  to 
be  able  to  grow  them  quite  as  profitably  in  South 
Carolina,  as  you  should  strike  a  very  early  market 
when  the  price  is  high.  They  ought  to  be  in  the 
ground  now  to  do  this. — Ed. 


Grass  Seeding. 

Will  you  please  state  in  your  next  number  how 
much  Evergreen  should  be  seeded  to  an  acre.  Some 
say  one  bushel,  bat  I  want  to  know  for  certain  how 
much,  and  how  much  red  top  or  herd  grass. 

Campbell  Co., Va.  W.C.Jones. 

We  presume  you  refer  to  Tall  Meadow  Oat  Grass 
when  you  speak  of  Evergreen  grass.  We  would  seed 
from  a  bushel  and  a  half  to  two  bushels  of  the  meadow 
oat  grass  and  a  bushel  of  herds  graas.  We  believe  in 
heavy  seeding  of  grass  seeds,  and  this  belief  is  founded 
on  long  practical  experience.  We  never  sowed  less 
than  three  bushels  to  the  acre,  and  nearly  always  se- 
cured a  good  stand  sufficient  to  smother  down  the 
weeds. — Ed. 


Pecans — Qrass  5eed. 

Enclosed  find  half  dozen  "pecans"  that  I  shook 
from  tree  to  day — 9th  January.  I  have  six  trees  15 
to  35  feet  in  height — the  larger  ones  40  inches  in  cir- 
cumference—from Texas  nuts  planted  about  fifteen 
years  ago.  Four  of  the  trees  have  borne  a  few  nuts 
for  some  three  years;  two  produced  nuts  not  quite  so 
good  as  the  ones  enclosed.  They  bear  more,  but  on 
account  of  late  ripening,  they  do  not  mature  before 
cold  weather  or  frost.  I  do  not  know  how  those  nuts 
compare  with  the  first  nuts  grown,  but  think  they  are 
as  good  as  the  average  nut  oflfered  in  the  stores.  We 
propose  to  graft  some  on  seedling  Hickories  to  try  to 
get  them  to  come  into  bearing  earlier.  The  trees  stand 
in  stiff  clay  land  or  sod,  but  fertile. 

I  would  take  advantage  of  this  opportunity  to  ask 
you  or  yoar  readers  to  advise  us  the  best  and  most 
practical  way  to  get  rid  of  "persimmon  bushes." 
They  are  a  great  nuisance  with  us.  I  have  them  from 
half  an  incb  to  three  inches  in  diameter  at  bottom 
and  ten  to  twelve  feet  in  height.  Will  Angora  goats 
eat  persimmon  bushes? 

What  is  the  advantage  of  the  lawn  grass  mixtures 
over  Kentucky  blue  grass  for  lawns  where  the  soil  is 
stiff  red  clay  and  naturally  runs  into  blue  grass  and 
white  clover!  Z. 

Rappahannock  Co.,Ya. 

Our  Virginia  friends  se(  m  determined  to  prove  to 
na  that  pecans  will  grow  in  Virginia.  We  never  dis 
puted  this,  but  merely  said  that  it  was  not  the  best  and 
natural  latitude  for  them,  and  that  we  could  not  ad- 
vise planting  them  in  this  State  for  profit.    The  nuts 


sent  us  are  fair  ones,  but  not  so  fine  as  those  sent  xxs 
from  Norfolk  county, Va. 

The  advantage  in  seeding  lawn  grass  over  Kentucky 
blue  grass  alone  is,  that  yon  secure  a  mixture  of 
grasses  which  mature  at  different  times,  and  therefore 
tend  to  keep  a  lawn  in  fine  order  through  a  longer 
season  than  one  variety  alone.  We  know  of  no  other 
way  to  get  rid  of  persimmons  than  to  grub  them  out, 
except  that  if  browsed  for  years  by  goats  sufficiently 
numerous  to  keep  them  from  leafing,  they  will  die 
out.  Any  tree  or  plant  kept  from  leafing  will  even- 
tually die,  but  some,  like  persimmons,  are  very  tena- 
cious of  life. — Ed. 


Improving  Mountain  Land. 

My  father  has  recently  purchased  about  2,000  acres 
of  very  rich  mountain  land  in  Mitchell  county,  N.  C. 
Some  800  acres  of  this  land  is  cleared,  much  of  which 
lays  as  smoothly  as  valley  land,  and  is  covered  with 
native  sod,  which  seems  to  fatten  cattle  fairly  well. 
He  is  thinking  of  plowing  up  this  sod  and  sowing 
blue  grass  and  red  top,  thinking  that  he  can  carry  a 
greater  number  of  cattle.  If  any  of  your  correspon- 
dents have  had  any  experience  with  this  kind  of  land, 
I  would  like  to  get  some  information  as  to  whether  it 
is  practical  to  establish  a  permanent  blue  grass  sod. 

The  soil  is  very  deep  and  black,  and  the  timber  is 
mostly  sugar  tree,  buckeye  and  bass  wood.  Timothy 
grows  to  perfection,  will  produce  about  two  tons  to 
the  acre.  How  would  a  timothy  seed  farm  pay  on 
this  land?  What  machine  would  yon  recommend  for 
thrashing  timothy,  oats  and  rye?  This  land  is  not 
suited  for  growing  wheat,  as  it  lays  from  three  to  four 
thousand  feet  above  the  sea  level. 

Sullivan  Co.,  Tenn.  J.  H.  Eeynolds. 

We  would  like  to  hear  from  some  of  our  subscribers 
on  this  subject,  as  it  is  one  with  which  we  have  had 
no  practical  experience.     Please  oblige  us. — Ed. 


Fertilizer  for  Qrass  and  Clover. 

I  have  a  field  well  set  with  timothy  and  clover — 
would  it  be  profitable  to  sow  Orchilla  guano  this 
spring  towards  making  a  good  hay  crop,  and  next 
spring  to  be  turned  under  for  corn,  and  how  much 
should  I  use  per  acre  ? 

York  Co. ,  Pa.  A  Stjbsceiber. 

We  doubt  much  whether  you  would  derive  any 
benefit  in  the  hay  crop  from  the  use  of  Orchilla  guano 
ai  a  top  dressing.  This  is  a  phosphatio  fertilizer,  and 
wants  to  be  mixed  with  the  soil  to  secure  Its  benefit. 
You  would  derive  much  more  advantage  from  an  ap- 
plication of  75  to  100  lbs.  to  the  acre  of  nitrate  of 
soda  just  when  the  crop  commences  to  grow.  This  is 
a  very  soluble  fertilizer,  and  will  benefit  the  crop  at 
once.  Apply  the  Orchilla  guano  in  the  early  spring 
after  plowing  down  the  sod  in  the  fall  or  winter,  and 
it  will  benefit  the  corn  crop. — Ed. 


1903.] 


THE  BOTJTHBBN  PLA-NTBB. 


93 


Artichokes— Best  Cross  for  Qrade  Hogs. 

The  Southern  Planter  is  the  best  "farming  imple 
ment"  on  my  farm,  and  I  can't  do  without  it.  Please 
give  in  your  next  issue  information  about  artichokes, 
what  is  the  best  variety!  how  many  to  the  acre!  what 
is  the  best  time  to  plant  1  what  kind  of  land  is  best 
for  them !  and  what  is  the  method  of  cultivation  ! 

Which  makes  the  best  hog,  Poland  China  male  on 
Berkshire  sows,  or  Berkshire  mjile  on  Poland  China 
bows! 

Northumberland  Co.,Va.  W.  S.  Dillee. 

We  have  a  high  opinion  of  the  value  of  artichokes 
as  a  feed  for  hogs.  They  are  also  good  feed  for  milch 
cows,  but  it  is  as  a  hog  crop  that  we  most  value  them. 
Curiously  enough,  we  have  this  month  a  letter  from 
an  old  subscriber  complaining  that  his  hogs  will  not 
eat  them.  In  all  our  long  experience,  we  have  never 
before  had  such  a  complaint.  We  have  subscribers 
who  grow  acres  of  them  and  feed  large  herds  of  hogs 
on  them  with  the  most  complete  success.  The  best 
variety  to  grow  is  the  Jerusalem  or  White  French. 
This  variety  will  produce  from  300  to  700  bushels  to 
the  acre,  according  to  the  fertility  of  the  land  and 
the  season.  They  should  be  planted  in  rows  about  3 
feet  apart  and  about  2  feet  apart  in  the  rows.  Pre 
pare  the  land  as  for  corn.  Then  open  out  a  furrow 
and  drop  the  sets  as  with  Irish  potatoes.  These  sets 
may  be  either  whole  roots  if  small  or  cut  ones  if  large. 
Every  piece  with  two  or  three  eyes  will  make  a  plant. 
Cultivate  as  for  corn.  In  the  fall  turn  in  the  hogs 
and  let  them  harvest  them  for  themselves,  digging 
sufficient  first  to  provide  seed  for  another  year.  If 
desired,  a  portion  of  the  crop  may  be  lifted,  and  be 
stored  like  turnips  to  be  fed  to  the  hogs  when  the 
land  is  too  hard  frozen  for  them  to  root  them  out. 
If  not  needed  for  the  hogs,  they  may  be  fed  to  cows. 

A  cross  of  Berkshire  male  on  Poland- China  sows 
will  be  best,  as  the  Berkshire  is  more  prepotent  than 
the  Poland  China,  having  been  longer  bred  pure. — Ed. 


-Lice 


Cattle    Dying — Texas  Fever  or  Blackleg 
Hogs. 

Through  my  pasture  is  a  stream  of  running  water 
(a  creek).  The  past  summer  being  an  exception  it 
dried  up,  except  in  holes.  This  my  cattle  would  drink. 
Fresh  water  was  drawn  for  them  daily,  but  they  seem- 
ed to  prefer  the  creek  water.  In  September  two  heifers 
were  sick  three  or  four  days,  died,  and  were  carried 
off,  and  no  one  seemed  to  know  what  was  the  trouble. 
In  October  two  more  young  heifers  died.  In  their  case 
I  fouad  it  a  genuine  case  of  hemorrhagic  fever.  I  be- 
gan the  use  of  quinine,  but  I  think  too  late.  In  case 
of  another  attack,  will  yon  kindly  tell  me  what  to  do ! 
Will  kerosene  oil,  poured  on  hogs  until  it  runs  off  their 
•ides,  damage  them  ?    Object,  to  kill  lice. 

Cumberland  Co.,  N.  C.  W.  C.  Fields. 

We  are  inclined  to  think  that  your  cattle  died  from 
either  Texas  fever  or  Blackleg.  If  there  was  a  puffed 
and  swollen  condition  of  the  skin  on  the  legs  up  near 


the  body,  and  this  when  rubbed  over  with  the  hand- 
gave  out  a  crackling  sound,  the  disease  was  Blackleg.  V. 
For  this,  inoculaCion  with  Blackleg  vacine,  which  is  ad-  ^ 
vertised  in  our  columns  and  ean  be  had  from  the  Ex- 
periment Station  Blacksburg,  is  a  certain  preventive.. 
If  the  disease  was  Texas  fever  this  is  caused  by  ticks, 
and  there  is  no  known  cure.  The  remedy  is  to  keep 
the  cattle  free  from  ticks.  Clean  off  all  ticks  by  pick- 
ing and  then  grease  them  about  the  legs  and  under 
the  body  with  grease  of  any  kind,  in  which  mix  a  lit- 
tle carbolic  acid.  A  pasture  which  has  carried  cattle 
which  have  had  Texas  fever  is  sure  to  be  infested 
with  ticks  and  no  other  cattle  should  be  put  on  that 
pasture  for  a  year.  The  ticks  will  then  be  extermi- 
nated as  they  cannot  perpetuate  themselves  unless  they 
have  cattle  to  feed  and  breed  on,  nor  can  they  crawl  or 
fly  out  of  the  fields.  Such  a  field  so  cleared  can  only 
again  become  infested  by  the  introduction  of  ticky 
cattle  and  will  be  perfectly  safe  for  clean  cattle  even 
from  the  North. 

We  have  frequently  poured  kerosene  on  hogs  to 
kill  lice  without  any  injury  to  them.  Very  thin 
skinned  hogs  will  sometimes  be  blistered  by  it.  It 
is  not  necessary,  however,  to  do  more  than  pour  a 
little  oil  down  the  centre  of  the  back.  This  will 
soon  spread  in  a  thin  layer  over  the  whole  body 
and  will  kill  the  lice  without  hurting  the  hog. — Ed. 

Angora  Qoats. 

I  am  considering  the  purchase  of  a  flock  of  Angora 
goats,  and  as  I  know  little  more  about  them  than 
what  I  have  read  in  the  farm  papers,  I  would  like  to 
have  your  views  on  the  matter.  Are  conditions  in 
this  section  favorable  to  them  !  Will  ordinary  sheep 
fence  turn  them !  Best  age  to  buy  ;  about  price  ;  lot 
of  say  25  head  ;  amount  wool  they  shear  ;  its  worth, 
increase  in  kids  per  year.  Will  they  cross  on  sheep! 
Demand  for  Angora  venison,  &c.,  &c. 

Caroline  Co.,  Va.  C.  B. 

In  our  July,  October  and  December  issues  of  last 
year  we  published  a  considerable  amount  of  informa- 
tion on  Angora  goats,  to  which  issues  we  refer  our 
correspondent.  We  believe  that  there  is  a  field  for 
this  kind  of  stock  in  this  State,  and  that  they  would 
do  well  here  in  any  part  of  the  State.  You  will  find 
them  advertised  for  sale  in  our  columns,  and  a  letter 
to  our  advertisers  will  give  you  the  prices  at  which 
they  are  selling.  These  run  all  the  way  from  $10  to 
$50.  A  good  sheep  fence  will  confine  them.  The  wool 
is  always  in  demand  at  from  15  to  50  cents  a  pound, 
according  to  quality  and  length  and  fineness  of  staple. 
We  would  purchase  young  goats  and  breed  up  a  flock. 
They  will  not  cross  with  sheep.  There  is  not  any  de- 
mand for  Angora  venison  as  such,  but  it  sells  well  we 
are  told  for  lamb.  If  our  correspondent  has  not  the 
issues  of  the  Planter  referred  to,  we  will  try  to  find 
them  for  him  if  he  desires. — Ed. 


94 


THE  80UTHESN  PLANTEB. 


fFebrnary 


Clover  Seeding. 

I  would  be  glad  to  have  discussed  through  the  col- 
umns of  your  paper  the  best  methods  of  getting  a  stand 
of  red  cloves  as  adapted  to  this  section. 

Fall,  winter,  or  spring  sowing  1  Is  it  best  to  harrow 
in  seed  !  With  or  without  nurse  crop  ?  What  do  you 
think  of  early  spring  sowing — covering  seed  lightly  j  or  June 
and  sowing  rye  at  same  time  as  a  protection  against  sun 
— the  rye  to  be  grazed  or  cut  for  ha^  when  ready  ? 
How  wo  aid  this  combination  do  for  August  or  early 
September  sowing? 

I  believe  the  salvation  of  much  of  our  farming  land 
lies  in  the  cultivation  of  clover  and  other  legumes,  and 
therefore  merits  our  most  careful  investigation.  So 
let  us  have  a  full  discussion  of  the  subject  and  the 
opinions  and  experience  of  our  up  to  date  farmers. 

I  would  also  be  glad  to  hear  the  best  methods  of 
preparing  a  clover  crop  for  the  huller.  Best  time 
to  cut  and  cure 

Culpeper  Co..Va.  A.  G.  Pake. 

Tour  land  probably  needs  lime.  Clover  will  not 
grow  on  acid  land,  and  this  is  probably  the  condition 
of  yours.  Eender  it  slightly  alkaline  by  using  25 
bushels  of  lime  to  the  acre.  The  clover  microbes  can- 
not live  or  work  in  acid  soil.  We  believe  more  clover 
seed  is  lost  by  no^  covering  sufficiently  where  the  land 
is  in  suitable  condition  for  its  growth  than  from  any 
other  cause.  We  always  harrowed  it  in  lightly  and 
rarely  failed  of  a  stand.  In  another  part  of  this 
issue  (Work  for  the  Month)  we  have  given  our  views 
as  to  seeding  grass  and  clover  with  grain.  We  are 
opposed  to  the  practice  in  this  climate.  Try  the  lime 
and  seed  alone  in  the  fall,  or  if  not  ready,  then  in  the 
spring.  We  think  yon  will  succeed.  We  shall  be 
glad  to  have  the  views  of  our  readers  on  the  hulling 
question. — Ed. 


lbs.  of  acid  phosphate  or  bone  meal  be  applied  and 
be  seeded  with  cow  peas.  This  will  smother  the 
weeds.  After  the  peas  are  cut  off  for  hay,  cultivate 
lightly  with  a  harrow  or  cultivator  and  sow  the  alfal- 
fa. In  your  section,  the  crop  should  be  sown  in  Ma^ 
Ed. 


Qreen  Crops  for  Hogs— Sick  Hogs. 

I  have  five  pigs  ten  weeks  old  which  I  wish  to  make 
average  200  pounds  at  killing  time.  Propose  sowing 
three  acres  in  oats  and  Canada  peas,  as  this  is  the  ear- 
liest green  feed  I  can  get  for  them  to  grate  on.  During 
summer  they  can  have  cabbages,  squash,  melons, 
etc.,  and  September  will  be  turned  in  a  pea  field. 
Would  it  be  reasonable  to  expect  200  pounds  each 
with  such  fseding!  The  same  pigs  are  at  present 
broken  out  with  small  sores  all  over;  their  hair  looks 
dead,  yet  they  eat  heartily.  What  is  the  probable 
trouble  with  them  ?  What  kind  of  medicine  do  they 
need* 

Many  farmers  have  lost  fattening  hogs  this  season 
through  this  section.  They  stem  to  take  almost  in- 
stantly sick  with  a  cough,  hard  breathing,  very  rapid 
as  though  choked,  and  never  eat  anything  scarcely, 
and  after  a  day  or  so  of  sickness  they  die.  What  do 
you  think  the  trouble  is  ?  Three  lots  of  those  killed  on 
being  dressed  weie  found  to  be  full  of  little  worms 
about  an  incti  long.  They  are  principally  around  the 
kidneys,  though  some  were  found  in  the  livers.  Those 
so  affected  throve  very  poorly  in  the  pen,  and  in  most 
cases  were  weak  across  the  loins.  Is  there  any  tonic 
which  if  given  would  kill  such  parasites  1 

Mecklenburg  Co.,  Va.  A  Subsceibee. 


Alfalfa, 

Can  we  grow  alfalfa  here  on  a  well  drained  red  clay 
soil?  No  lime  in  our  soil  here,  but  we  can  grow  red 
clover.  We  have  made  a  crop  of  corn,  wheat  and 
buckwheat  on  the  land,  and  now  wish  to  seed  it  to  al- 
falfa.   Please  give  us  your  advice  as  to  seeding  It. 

Grayson  Co.,  Va.  P. 

Yes,  alfalfa  can  be  successfully  grown  all  through 
the  South  if  the  proper  conditions  for  its  culture  are 
observed.  It  requires  rich  sound  land  with  a  subsoil 
Into  which  the  roots  can  penetrate,  and  must  be  free 
from  weeds,  which  are  the  greatest  trouble  with  which 
it  has  to  contend  in  the  South.  In  all  sections  except 
the  mountains,  it  should  be  seeded  in  the  early  fall. 
The  best  preparation  for  the  crop  is  to  spend  the  sum 
mer  months  in  preparing  the  land  intended  to  be 
sown,  and  in  killing  out  all  -weeds  by  constantly 
bringing  the  seeds  near  the  surface,  and,  as  soon  as 
they  have  commenced  to  grow,  destroying  them  by 
cultivation.  Then  in  August  give  the  land  an  appli 
cation  of  300  lbs.  of  bone-meal  to  the  acre,  harrow  in 
and  seed  ;  or  the  land  may  be  well  prepared  and  300 


It  is  impossible  for  us  or  any  one  else  to  say  that 
hogs  will  make  any  particular  weight  on  certain  feeds 
within  a  certain  time,  but  thousands  ot  hogs  fed 
largely  on  green  crops  and  only  finished  with  a  little 
corn,  make  fevery  year  the  weight  you  suggest  before 
they  are  a  year  old.  Ton  will,  however,  need  to  sup- 
plement your  peas  and  oats  with  some  other  crop  to 
carry  the  hogs  to  September,  when  the  peas  are  ready. 
Canada  peas  and  oats  make  a  fine  grazing  crop  when 
put  in  early  enough  (they  ought  to  be  sown  before  the 
middle  of  this  month  at  the  latest);  but  the  period  of 
their  usefulness  ends  as  soon  as  the  hot  weather  sets 
in.  They  cannot  stand  heat.  You  should  plant  some 
sorghum  and  corn  to  come  in  for  use  in  July  and  fol- 
lowing months  until  the  peas  are  ready. 

As  to  the  sickness  of  the  little  pigs :  Give  them  a 
little  sulphur  in  slop  feed,  and  keep  them  warm  until 
it  has  worked  off. 

As  to  the  worms :  These  should  be  expelled  by  giv- 
ing them  a  little  turpentine,  say  a  spoonful  per  hog, 
in  slop  feed,  followed  with  some  Epsom  salts  in  the 
food  to  carry  oft'  the  worms.  It  is  impossible  for  us 
to  say  from  what  the  hogs  died;  probably  from  some 
form  of  disease  of  the  digestive  organs  or  obstruction 
of  the  bowels.— Ed. 


1903  j 


THE  BOUTHIIEN  PLANTEE. 


9^ 


Fertilizer  for  Garden  Crops— Lettuce. 

I  wonld  respectfully  ask  your  opinion  as  to  the  best 
fertilizer  to  use  on  garden  truck,  especially  lettuce, 
and  as  to  the  application  of  nitrate  of  soda  as  a  top 
dressing.  When  so  applied,  should  it  be  covered  by 
earth,  or  simply  put  on  top  near  the  plant  ? 

Cuniberland  Co.,  N.  C,  H.  J.  McDuffie. 

The  beat  fertilizer  for  all  garden  and  truck  crops  is 
rich  farm-yard  manure.  This  tends  to  keep  the  soil 
full  of  humus  and  vegetable  matter,  without  which  it 
is  impossible  to  grow  good  vegetables.  The  soil  can 
scarcely  ever  be  made  too  rich  for  truck  crops,  as  un- 
less grown  quickly  they  are  never  of  good  quality. 
Farm-yard  manure  can  be  profitably  supplemented 
by  fertilizers  espscially  rich  in  nitrogen,  like  nitrate 
of  soda,  blood,  cotton  seed  meal  and  tankage.  Nitro- 
gen tends  to  induce  quick  and  abundant  leaf  growth. 
The  cruciforous  crops,  like  cabbages,  also  call  largely 
for  potash,  as  also  do  Irish  potatoes.  In  fact,  nearly 
all  the  vegetable  crops  require  an  abundant  supply  of 
potash  in  the  soil.  The  cereals,  like  corn,  call  also  for 
phosphoric  acid.  For  lettuce,  a  fertilizer  having 
about  6  per  cent,  ammonia,  5  per  cent,  phosphoric 
acid,  and  8  per  cent,  potash,  is  about  right.  This  may 
be  made  up  of  300  lbs.  nitrate  of  soda,  800  lbs.  cotton- 
seed meal,  600  lbs.  acid  phosphate  (13  per  cent.),  and 
309  lbs.  muriate  of  potash — to  make  a  ton. 

Nitrate  of  soda  need  never  be  plowed  under.  It  is 
as  soluble  as  common  salt,  and  will  soon  melt  and  find 
its  way  into  the  ground. — Ed. 


Tomato-Growing. 

Will  you  kindly  write  an  article  on  tomato  culture? 
1st.  The  character  of  soil  best  adapted.  2d.  The  best 
seed  to  be  used.  3d.  The  preparation  of  the  land. 
4th.  Which  is  best  to  use,  fertilizer  or  manure  f 

We  have  a  new  cannery  and  a  number  of  farmers 
in  this  neighborhood  are  anxious  for  the  information. 

King  George  Co. ,  Ya.  H.  T.  Garnett. 

We  will  write  fully  on  this  question  of  tomato  grow- 
ing in  our  next  issue.  Meanwhile,  we  would  say  that 
the  best  land  for  the  crop  is  a  light  loamy  soil,  which 
should  be  deeply  plowed  and  finely  prepared.  The 
work  of  getting  the  land  in  order  should  be  underta 
ken  as  soon  as  ever  the  land  is  dry  enough  to  work, 
so  that  by  1st  May  it  may  be  in  good  order  and  nicely 
warmed,  that  the  plants  may  start  off  freely.  The 
hot  beds  in  which  to  raise  the  plants  should  be  got 
ready  this  month.  They  should  be  made  up  as  for 
striking  sweet  potato  slips.  Do  not  sow  the  seed  un- 
til a  nice  gentle  bottom  heat  has  been  developed, 
cover  the  manure  with  about  3  inches  of  loamy  woods 
earth.  Sow  the  seed  in  this  not  too  thickly  about  the 
first  week  in  March  for  the  earliest  plants.  Stone, 
Beauty,  Acme  and  Trophy  are  good  varieties  for  can- 
ning purposes. — Ed. 


Hen  Manure. 

Having  gone  into  the  poultry  business  on  a  small 
scale,  something  like  260  chickens,  and  by  gathering 
the  droppings  once  every  week,  I  believe  in  one  year's 
time  I  will  have  a  large  pile  of  hen  manure.  I  would 
like  to  use  this  on  my  wheat  in  the  fall. 

1.  Is  this  the  crop  to  use  it  on  ?  Wheat  and  corn,  are 
the  principal  crops  here  in  the  northern  part  of  Vir- 
ginia. 

2.  How  would  you  keep  it  from  heating  ?  At  the 
present  time  I  am  mixing  kainib  with  it,  but  do  not 
know  if  this  will  prevent  it  from  heating.  Wanted 
this  fall  to  take  one  part  hen  manure,  one  part  potash, 
one  part  acid  phosphate. 

3.  Will  this  make  a  good  fertilizer  for  wheat  and 
grass  ? 

4  Will  you  tell  me  a  better  way  to  use  my  hen  ma- 
nure? People  tell  me  it  is  a  very  rich  manure,  but 
have  never  been  able  to  realize  much  out  of  It. 

Shenandoah  Co.,  Va.  N.  D.  Hite. 

Hen  manure  is  rich  in  nitrogen  with  a  small  per- 
centage of  potash  and  phosphoric  acid.  It  should  be 
gathered  up  regularly  once  or  twice  a  week  and  be 
stored  in  barrels.  Kainit,  or  acid  phosphate,  or  plas- 
ter should  be  dusted  over  it  under  the  roost  every  day 
or  two,  and  this  will  prevent  the  nitrogen  from  being 
lost.  It  should  be  kept  moist,  not  wet,  in  the  barrels 
or  it  will  be  difficult  to  handle  when  wanted,  as  it  dries 
into  very  hard  lumps.  Being  rich  in  nitrogen,  it  is 
more  suited  to  vegetable  or  forage  crops  than  wheat. 
It  lacks  the  phosphoric  acid  and  potash  which  the 
cereals  call  for.  If  used  for  wheat  it  should  have  three 
or  four  parts  of  acid  phosphate  to  one  of  the  hen  ma- 
nure applied  with  it.  The  mixing  of  kainit  with  the 
manure  as  It  is  gathered  will  supply  the  potash  need- 
ed. Used  in  this  way  it  will  make  a  good  wheat  fer- 
tilizer.— Ed. 


Budding  Peaches. 

I  want  to  bud  some  peach  trees  next  June.  Will 
you  please  tell  me  when  to  cut  the  buds!  Please 
answer  by  mail  or  through  the  columns  of  your  jour 
nal  for  February;  and  by  so  doing,  you  will  greatly 
oblige  J.  H.  Davis. 

Monroe  Co.,  W.  Ya. 

The  buds  must  be  cut  from  a  shoot  of  this  year's 
growth.  The  shoots  containing  the  buds  should  be  cut 
when  so  mature  as  to  be  rather  firm  and  hard  in  tex- 
ture. They  are  usually  in  the  best  condition  after  the 
terminal  bud  has  formed. — Ed. 


Holstein-Friesian  Associations. 

Have  there  ever  been  two  Holstein-Friesian  Asso- 
ciations in  America 4    If  so,  did  one  fail? 

Nottoway  Co. ,  Ya.  Subsoeibee. 

There  was  at  one  time  a  Western  Holstein  Friesian 
Association,  which  was  organized  on  October  28,  1891, 
and  held  its  first  annual  meeting  at  Marshall,  Mo. ; 
but  this  was  consolidated  with  the  Holstein-Friesian 
Association  of  America  in  the  spring  of  1898.  Mr. 
F.  L.  Houghton,  of  Putney,  Vt.,  is  secretary  of  this 
Association.  — Ed. 


96 


THE  aOUTHBEN  PLANTBB. 


[February 


Trucking,  Garden   and   Orchard. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH 

Not  much  can  be  done  in  the  garden  or  track  field 
this  month  in  the  way  of  planting  crops,  but  much 
may  be  done  in  the  way  of  getting  the  land  into 
condition  for  planting,  and  in  applying  the  manure 
»nd  fertilizer  necessary  to  ensure  good  crops.  The 
point  we  have  emphasized  in  '-Work  for  the  Month" 
in  the  Farm  Management  Department  is  equally  as 
necessary  here,  yea,  indeed,  more  necessary  if  that  be 
possible,  and  that  is,  the  more  perfec)  preparation  of 
the  soil  for  the  crops  before  planting.  Plow  and  re 
plow,  harrow  and  re- harrow,  if  you  want  to  secure 
the  best  results.  In  no  other  way  can  the  Inherent 
fertility  of  the  soil  be  made  available,  nor  can  the 
plant  food  supplied  in  the  way  of  manure  and  fertil- 
izer be  otherwise  made  to  give  the  best  results.  Get 
out  the  barn-yard  manure  on  to  the  plots  and  do  not 
be  sparing  in  its  application.  A  hundred  loads  to 
the  acre  will  not  hurt  the  crops,  and  this  may  be  sup- 
plemented with  500  lbs.  of  acid  phosphate  and  100 
lbs.  of  muriate  of  potash  per  acre.  Spread  the  phos- 
phate and  potash  on  the  barn- yard  manure  and  work 
all  in  together.  These  fertilizers  are  better  applied 
now  than  at  the  time  of  planting  the  crops,  as  they 
require  time  to  become  available  as  plant  food. 


The  crops  which  may  be  planted  in  this  month, 
in  Tidewater  Virginia  and  Eastern  North  and 
South  Carolina,  are  English  peas  and  Irish  potatoes. 
In  other  sections  of  these  States,  and  the  States  West 
and  North,  March  is  soon  enough  to  get  in  these 
crops. 

English  peaa  are  very  hardy,  and  even  a  sharp  frost 
will  not  hurt  them  much.    They  should  be  planted  in 

rills  2  feet  6  inches  apart,  and  be  given  a  cover  of  4 
or  5  inches  of  soil.  Scatter  the  peas  in  broad  rows, 
and  tread  into  the  soil  before  covering.  The  early 
smooth  varieties  are  the  hardiest,  and  should  be  first 
planted.  If  the  land  needs  additional  fertilizer  (though 
it  is  not  well  to  make  land  too  rich  for  peas,  as  it  tends 
to  cause  them  to  run  to  vine,)  apply  acid  phosphate 
and  potash,  say  300  lbs.  of  phosphate  and  50  lbs.  of 

potash. 

The  planting  of  Irish  potatoes  in  this  month  is  al- 
ways attended  with  some  risk,  afl  they  are  very  sus- 
ceptible to  damage  from  late  frost,  and,  when  once  cut 
off,  rarely  make  much  yield,  but  the  price  of  the  ear- 
liest potatoes  is  always  a  good  one,  and  it  is  worth 
while  to  take  some  risk.  Commercial  fertilizer  usual 
ly  makes  a  better  yield  and  sample  of  potatoes  than 
farm  yard  manure.  Manure  has  a  great  tendency  to 
make  the  potatoes  scabby.    The  spores  of  the  disease 


causing  scab  are  often  present  in  manure.     A  good 
fertilizer  for  Irish  potatoes  may  be  made  up  of — 

300  lbs.  nitrate  of  soda. 

600  lbs.  cotton  seed  meal  or  fish  scrap. 

800  lbs.  acid  phosphate. 

300  lbs,  muriate  of  potash. 

2,000  lbs. 

This  may  be  applied  at  the  rate  of  from  500  to  1500 
lbs.  to  the  acre  broadcast.  If  less  than  500  lbs.  is  ap- 
plied per  acre,  it  may  be  put  in  the  rows,  but  must 
be  well  mixed  with  the  soil  before  planting  the  sets. 
Open  the  rows  2  feet  6  inches  or  3  feet  apart  and  drop 
the  sets  12  to  15  inches  apart  in  the  rows.  The  sets  may 
be  if  cut  large,  so  as  to  leave  two  or  three  eyes  on  each 
piece.  Cover  to  the  depth  of  4  or  5  inches.  The  crop 
should  be  cultivated  with  a  harrow  or  weeder  before 
the  plants  come  through  the  ground  to  kill  off  weeds 
and  open  the  soil.  Cultivate  frequently  and  keep  level. 

Small  sowings  of  lettuce,  radishes  and  other  early 
salads  may  be  made  in  sheltered  spots. 


Hot  beds  should  be  got  ready  for  raising  tomato, 
cantaloupe,  melon,  egg  and  pepper  plants,  and  for 
striking  sweet  potatoes.  Make  up  the  beds  and  cover 
the  manure,  which  should  be  fresh  horse  litter  and 
leaves  with  3  or  4  inches  of  soil,  but  do  not  plant  the 
seeds  until  the  first  hot  fermentation  of  the  manure  ia 
over.     What  is  needed  is  a  gentle  steady  heat. 


Spinach  and  kale  may  be  seeded  towards  the  end 
of  the  month.  These  crops  should  be  sown  in  rows 
where  they  are  to  complete  their  growth  and  not  In 
seed-  beds.  If  the  weather  is  very  cold,  March  is  soon 
enough  to  sow  them. 


Cabbage  seed  may  be  sown  in  frames  for  plants  to 
set  out  to  follow  the  fall  sown  crop. 

Asparagus  beds  should  have  attention.  They  should 
be  worked  over  and  covered  with  manure  and  soil  to 
the  depth  of  10  or  12  inches.  New  beds  may  be  made 
and  the  plants  be  set  out  this  month  and  the  next.  In 
making  the  bed,  plow  out  the  soil  as  deep  as  possible 
in  the  line  of  the  rows,  and  then  in  the  bottom  of  this 
deep  furrow  spread  2  or  3  Inches  of  good  soil  and  set 
out  the  plants  12  or  15  inches  apart.  Cover  with  2  or 
3  inches  of  good  soil,  and  make  firm  over  and  around 
the  plants.  The  rows  should  be  not  less  than  6ifeet 
apart,  so  as  to  provide  for  plenty  of  soil  to  cover.^the 
beds  the  second  year. 


Don't  delay  ordering  your  seeds  andnfertilizerluntil 
time  to  plant  the  crops.  If  you  do,  yon  are  pretty 
sure  to  have  to  wait  for  them,  and  thus  miss  the, best 
time  for  planting. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHBBN  PLAJNTBR 


97 


GARDEN  AND  ORCHARD  NOTES. 

Editor  Southern  Planter : 

Start  the  pruning  implements  now.  What  tools 
should  I  use  on  the  vineyard  and  in  the  orchard !  A 
pair  of  lopping  shears  and  a  pair  of  ordinary  hand 
shears  will  do  the  work  in  the  vineyard  if  moved  by 
the  hand  of  an  intelligent  farmer.  For  the  orchard,  a 
small  hand  saw,  in  addition,  will  be  all  that  may  be 
needed.  You  can  buy  these  of  most  large  nursery 
men  and  seedsmen,  who  advertise  in  the  Planter.  But 
how  shall  I  prune f  Why  should  I  prune?  Whole 
books  could  be  written  in  answer  to  these  two  ques 
tions.  No  one  should  prune  who  cannot  give  a  good 
reason  for  each  operation  and  tell  what  the  results  of 
each  operation  will  likely  be.  This  rule  will  exclude 
the  mere  mechanic  from  fruit  plantations.  Fruit  trees 
and  vines  should  not  be  cut  because  the  tools  are 
sharp,  nor  for  the  sole  object  of  permitting  cultiva- 
tors to  go  through  the  orchard  more  readily.  Each 
vine  and  each  tree  presents  a  separate  and  distinct 
problem  to  solve  before  pruning.  It  requires  as  much 
brains  to  manage  a  pruning  implement  properly  as  it 
does  to  read  Blackstone  intelligently.  The  time  has 
arrived  in  the  Old  Dominion  when  many  people  be- 
lieve it.  But  the  State  needs  many  more  jnst  such 
believers.  Training  is  quite  a  different  thing  from 
pruning.  We  prune  in  order  to  train.  Therefore,  we 
should  have  a  well  settled  idea  of  training  before  we 
attempt  to  prune.  In  pruning  the  grape,  it  is  well  to 
remember  that  the  fruit  is  borne  in  a  few  clusters  near 
the  base  of  the  growing  shoots.  These  growing  shoots 
come  out  from  wood  of  lasb  season's  growth.  Thus  it 
<!an  readily  be  seen  that  the  amount  of  fruit  a  vine 
will  bear  can  be  easily  controlled  by  intelligent  pru 
ning.  The  shoot  that  grows  out  from  each  bud  will 
usually  bear  from  three  to  four  clusters  of  fruit.  Forty 
buds  left  on  the  bearing  canes  will  produce  about  150 
clusters  of  good  sized  fruit.  Strong  vines  will  carry 
more  and  weaker  ones  fewer.  What  system  of  train 
ing  is  best  f  That  depends  upon  the  species  or  variety 
you  are  growing,  and  also  upon  what  system  you  like 
best.  After  testing  a  number  of  the  systems,  we  like 
thelMunson  system  for  several  of  the  long  caned  spe 
cies,  and  some  modification  of  the  old  Kniffin  system 
for  the  shorter  vined  varieties,  like  many  of  the  Ldbrusca 
species.  The  bearing  wood  should  be  kept  as  near  the 
ground  as  possible  to  hold  the  vine  in  manageable 
limits,  to  facilitate  spraying  and  to  make  the  fruit 
easier  to  gather.  Aiter  pruning,  we  like  to  have  the 
bearing  canes  tied  to  the  wires  almost  in  a  horizontal 
positiOH,  so  fjhat  the  sap  will  be  distributed  as  evenly 
as  possible  to  all  growing  shoots.  About  three  or 
four  spurs  with  two  buds  each  should  be  left  near  the 
main  trunk  for  bearing  canes  next  year. 


For  more  exhaustive  discussion  of  this  subject,  send 
postal  card  for  Bulletin  No.  48,  Texas  Experiment  Sta- 
tion, College  Station,Texas,  and  Bulletin  on  the  Grape, 
published  by  Virginia  Experiment  Station,  Blacks - 
burg,  Va.  These  bulletins  should  be  in  the  hands  of 
all  grape  growers  of  the  State.  They  may  be  ob- 
tained if  the  editions  are  not  exhausted. 

*        * 

* 

Commence  pruning  your  trees  this  month,  lor  fear 
yon  may  put  it  off  till  the  sap  starts  and  much  dam- 
age may  be  done  when  the  bark  slips.  Daring  my 
travels  over  the  State,  I  notice  a  very  large  number  of 
fruit  trees  planted  out  with  the  tops  unpruned.  They 
are  frequently  left  to  grow  with  the  same  switch  like 
top  they  usually  have  when  taken  up  from  the  nur- 
sery where  they  grew  in  a  crowded  condition.  This 
crowded  condition  made  the  young  trees  push  their 
tops  up  in  a  tall  and  slender  manner.  The  nursery- 
man usually  encourages  this  form  of  growth  to  meet 
the  erroneous  popular  demand  for  the  tallest  young 
trees.  The  conditions  are  entirely  changed  for  the 
young  tree's  growth  in  the  orchard.  Nature  will 
usually  try  to  correct  this  slender  top  herself  by 
pushing  out  thrifty  sprouts  lower  down.  These  young 
and  thrifty  sprouts  will  usually  grow  faster  than  the 
older  top  growth,  and  thus  make  a  very  ugly  and  un- 
desirable top.  We  usually  prefer  well-grown,  one- 
year  trees,  so  that  we  can  cut  the  top  back  within  two 
feet  of  the  ground  for  most  apple  sections  of  the  South- 
ern States.  The  side  buds  usually  push  out  readily 
when  growth  starts,  and,  by  a  little  early  summer 
pinching,  we  can  usually  start  the  top  according  to 
our  own  ideal  the  first  year.  We  like  the  low  vase 
form  of  top,  with  stout  spreading^branches.  The  trees 
are  easier  to  spray,  the  fruit  more  readily  gathered, 
and  the  wind  does  not  do  so  much  damage  to  the  tree 
and  fiuit. 

Limbs  that  cross  and  are  likely  to  rub'each  other, 
should  be  taken  out  early.  The  top  should  be  made 
open  and  spreading  to  carry  a  heavy  load,  and  let  the 
sunlight  and  air  enter  freely  to  give  color  and  size  to 
the  fruit.  Slender  limbs  should^belcntjback  to  keep 
them  from  bending  down  too  much'and°to  cause  them 
to  branch.  When  limbs  are  cut;off  at  the  trunk,  the 
operation  should  be  performed  just  outside  of  the  col- 
lar, and  lihe  cut  surface  be  made  parallel  with  the 
main  body  of  the  trunk  to  facilitiite  thellhealing  over 
of  the  wound.  If  pruning  be  intelligently  done  each 
year,  it  will  rarely  be  necessary  to  cut  a  limb  off  the 
main  trunk  over  one  inch  in  diameter.  White  lead 
paint  is  an  excellent  thing  to  put  on  the  cut  surface  to 
keep  out  disease  germs  and  to  facilitate  the  healing 
over  of  the  wounds. 

These  general  remarks  apply  more  specially  to  such 
pomaceous  fruits  as  the  apple  and  pear,  where  the 


98 


THB  80UTHEEN  PLANTEB. 


[February 


frnits  are  borne  on  spurs  that  grow  out  all  along  the 
older  limbs.  The  peach  bears  its  fruit  quite  differ- 
ently. In  this  instance  the  fruit  is  produced  from 
buds  that  are  borne  directly,  nearly  always^  on  one- 
year  old  wood.  If  all  this  wood  is  cut  off,  there  will 
be  no  peach  crop  the  following  season.  We  like  to 
prune  ofif  about  one  third  of  the  previous  year's 
growth.  This  lessens  the  number  of  fruit  borne,  and, 
accordingly,  causfs  the  limbs  to  branch  more,  lessens 
the  tendency  of  the  limbs  to  droop  down  and  split  ofif, 
causes  the  tree  to  make  more  bearing  wood  for  next 
season,  and  increases  the  size  of  the  remaining  fruit. 
Go  out  into  the  orchard  and  bring  into  the  house  some 
apple  and  peach  twigs.  Notice  the  difference  between 
an  apple  bud  and  a  peach  bud.  Learn  the  prospects 
of  a  fruit  crop  the  coming  season.  Teach  the  boy  the 
difference  between  a  fruit  bud  and  a  leaf  bud.  This 
may  give  him  his  first  lesson  in  nature  study  and  fitart 
him  in  the  study  of  horticulture.    The  State  needs  him. 

For  further  study  along  this  line,  write  for  Bulletin 
No.  58,  on  Pruning  and  Training  Peach  Orchards, 
Texas  Experiment  Station,  College  Station,  Texas, 
and  also  the  Bulletins  on  Pruning  Orchards,  pub 
lished  by  the  Virginia  Experiment  Station,  Blacks 
burg,  Va. 

* 

Make  preparations  now  for  war  on  Injurious  insects 
and  fungous  diseases.  Order  a  good  spraying  outfit. 
Some  good  machines  are  advertised  in  the  Planter. 
Order  a  supply  of  bluestone  to  make  Bordeaux  mix 
tore.  This  may  be  ordered  from  your  local  druggist. 
Tou  cannot  afford  to  share  your  crop  of  fruit  with  in 
sects  and  diseases.  The  bitter  rot  has  done  immense 
damage  to  Virginia  apple  crops,  and  it  is  almost  sure 
to  be  ready  to  begin  work  again  this  coming  season. 
While  pruning  your  apple  orchards,  notice  very  care- 
fully for  cankered  places  on  the  upper  sides  of  the 
limbs.  Disease  producing  spores  come  from  such 
places,  and  cause  bitter  rot  of  the  fruit.  Cut  out  all 
such  limbs  at  least  twelve  inches  below  the  infected 
places,  and  burn  them.  Take  off  all  dried  up  fruit 
still  hanging  on  the  trees,  and  burn  these  also.  Pre- 
pare to  give  the  orchard  a  good  spraying  with  Bor- 
deaux mixture  before  the  buds  swell.  Begin  work  on 
pear  blight.  Cut  out  all  affected  )imbs  in  the  same 
way,  and  burn  them.  The  effectiveness  of  this  work 
will  depend  largely  upon  the  thoroughness  with  which 
it  is  done.  If  one  single  tree  with  diseased  wood  on  it 
is  left  in  the  orchard,  a  number  of  trees  near  it  may 
be  seriously  afiected  from  it.  If  all  diseased  parts  are 
cut  out  and  destroyed  early  in  the  season,  and  this 
work  be  followed  by  a  good  spraying  with  Bordeaux 
mixture  before  the  buds  open,  more  than  half  the  bat 
tie  has  been  won. 


Give  all  garden  soil  a  good,  deep  plowing  as  soon  a» 
possible.  A  freeze  1  will  do^more  in  one  night  in  help- 
ing you  to  put  the  soil  in  a  fine  mechanical  condition 
than  many  days  work! with  harrows.  The  advice  in 
regard  to  early  plowing,"  especially  on  heavy  clay 
soils,  frequently  given  in  the  Planter,  is  good.  It  will 
give  the  old  pea  vines,  grass  and  weeds,  a  chance  to 
loake  manure  for  the  crops.  Are  you  hauling  out  all 
the  manure  from  the  barns  during  these  lengthening 
days  of  February  to  save  time  for  pressing  spring 
work  ? 

Have  you  decided  upon  the  best  varieties  of  vegeta- 
bles for  your  locality  1  Write  a  postal  card  to  several 
seedsmen  for  seed  catalogues.  T.  W.  Wood  &  Son, 
Richmond,  Va.,  and  Geo.  Tait  &  Sons,  Norfolk,  Va., 
publish  valuable  seed  catalogues.  You  may  learn- 
something  valuable  by  reading  them.  If  yon  want 
any  of  Uncle  Sam's  garden  seeds,  write  to  your  Con- 
gressman for  them.  These  politicians  will  be  glad  to 
send  them,  but  I  cannot  vouch  for  the  satisfaction 

they  will  give  yon. 

*         * 
* 

The  annual  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Agricul- 
ture of  Virginia  for  (he  year  1902,  is  before  me.  Have 
you  received  a  copy  f  If  not,  write  for  it.  The  report 
contains  some  interesting  information.  The  illustra- 
tions of  the  San  Jose  scale  insect  and  bitter  rot  of  the 
apple  will  interest  our  orchard  friends.  We  hope  the 
Commissioner  will  permit  us  to  make  a  few  friendly 
suggestions.  While  we  realize  the  difficulties  under 
which  the  Commissioner  has  labored — such  as  the 
limited  use  of  tho  money  at  the  command  of  this  de- 
partment and  lack  of  facilities — still,  if  the  Commis- 
sioner desires  this  general  style  of  report,  would  it  not 
be  better  for  Virginia  farmers  and  Virginia  horticul- 
turists to  write  more  of  the  articles  for  this  report  in- 
stead of  gathering  them  promiscuously  from  various 
States  and  taking  a  number  of  second  hand  ones?  Ifc 
seems  to  me  this  would  more  readily  meet  the  condi- 
tions confronting  the  average  Virginia  farmer.  While 
it  is  true  that  science  is  the  same  the  world  over,  still, 
the  correct  application  of  scientific  principles  will  de- 
pend upon  the  peculiar  conditions  that  characterize 
each  locality.  We  like  reports  concentrated  upon  one 
subject — such  as  one  upon  beef  in  Virginia,  one  upon 
apples  in  Virginia,  one  upon  blue  grass  in  Virginia, 
one  upon  sheep  in  Virginia,  one  upon  trucking  in 
Virginia,  etc.  Let  these  reports  be  made  as  exhaustive 
as  possible.  They  would  be  handed  down  from  one 
generation  to  another  as  standard  works  upon  each 
topic.  The  reports  would  become  reference  books  in 
the  Old  Dominion.  While  I  may  seem  to  be  too  crit- 
ical, still,  it  seem»  to  me  that  the  same  mistake  is  be- 
ing made  at  the  Test  Farm.  Too  wide  a  scope  of  work 
is  being  undertaken  for  the  force  and  the  means  at 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


99 


hand.  Many  Experiment  Stations  made  the  same 
mistake  in  the  beginning,  in  order  to  meet  what  was 
thought  a  univeral  demand  for  general  information. 
Many  of  those  Stations  had  to  begin  over  and  spe 
cialize.  Some  have  never  gotten  over  the  A,  B  C'ti 
along  this  line  yet.  Consequently,  there  is  always 
some  "hindering  cause"  that  prevented  conclusions. 
Let  me  urge  the  Commissioner  to  specialize  more, 
both  in  his  reports  and  on  the  Test  Farm.  The  best 
reports  that  I  have  seen  along  this  line  are  published 
by  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Agriculture  of 
Kansas.  I  am  reliably  informed  that  the  State  has  made 
marvelous  progress,  both  in  stock  husbandry  and  in 
general  agriculture,  since  these  reports  began  to  be 
published. 

* 

What  a  great  pity  our  Commissioner  of  Agriculture 
was  made  elective  by  popular  vote.  Agriculture  is 
certainly  broad  enough  for  any  man  without  being 
forced  to  build  political  fences.  The  politician  ' '  got 
in  a  little  of  his  work"  on  this  law  while  the  friends 
of  agriculture  least  expected  it.  These  latter  sentences 
have  no  reference  whatever  to  the  report  in  question, 
which  we  believe  is  an  improvement  upon  several 
previous  reports,  nor  to  the  Commissioner.  The  De- 
partment cannot  be  made  what  it  should  be  under  this 
law.  The  man  with  industrial  training  and  scientific 
learning  does  not  fit  in  with  the  politician.  The  in. 
dustrial  man  is  coming  to  the  front  in  Virginia  now. 
A  revolution  along  this  line  is  silently  taking  place. 
This  law  will  be  changed,  Ijecause  it  is  a  step  back- 
wards. But  the  farmers  must  look  after  their  repre- 
sentatives more  closely,  and  vote  a  little  with  the 
postage  stamps.  R.  H.  Price. 

Montgomery  Co  ,  Va. 


SWEET  POTATO  QROWINQ- 

Editor  Southern  Planter : 

This  is  a  good  time  to  form  new  resolutions  and 
make  out  a  plan  of  campaign  for  the  year.  Probably 
I  can  drop  a  word  to  others  who  may  profit  by  it. 

First,  let  me  just  say  a  word  about  sweet  potatoes. 
They  are  the  best  crop  I  know  of  to  raise  on  poor  land. 
Because  you  can  do  as  I  have  done  for  several  years, 
raise  300  bushels  per  acre,  and  on  as  poor  a  gall  as  ex 
isted  in  this  old  State.  Plow  land  deep  in  the  fall. 
Do  not  harrow,  let  it  stay  rough,  to  crumble  all  winter 
by  the  repeated  freezing  and  thawings,  crumbling  and 
disintegrating  all  winter.  In  the  spring  harrow  early 
and  destroy  weeds,  if  any  ^rotU  thereon.  Then  in  May 
after  repeated  harrowings,  plow  again  and  harrow 
again,  to  destroy  weed  seeds. 

Then  about  May  15th  take  your  big  plow  and  open 
big  furrows,  four  feet  apart,  running  twice  in  the  row. 


Fill  the  trench  so  made  full  with  good,  well  rotted  ma- 
nure, and  put  a  bag  (200  pounds)  of  tobacco  fertilizer 
on  the  top  of  the  manure ;  cover  with  two  furrows, 
making  a  good  cover  of  earth  on  the  top  of  it.  Then 
harrow  longways,  to  bring  it  down  nearly  level.  Then 
either  roll  or  drag  a  slab  longways,  to  smooth  the 
top.  If  a  rain  comes  run  a  weeder  to  prevent  baking. 
Now  you  are  ready  to  set  slips.  Set  your  slips  out 
small,  dcn't  wait  until  they  are  a  yard  long  to  sap  the 
potato  in  the  bed,  six  inches  will  do  very  well.  After 
setting  (I  always  wait  for  a  season)  and  after  I  get  the 
slips  started,  I  work  ciossways  with  a  weeder,  which 
makes  them  just  jump  up  and  grow.  I  pulled  out 
only  7  in  8,000  plants  last  year.  Don't  be  afraid 
to  work  them.  A  garden  rake  beats  a  hoe  every 
time  to  work  a  garden  with.  Keep  the  ground  loose 
on  top.  Use  the  Iron  Age  Cultivator  in  the  rows 
often,  and  beyond  all  things  keep  your  crop  clean  until 
the  planti  commence  to  run,  when  they  will  smother 
the  weeds  themselves.  I  always  set  slips  15  to  16 
inches  apart,  which  is  about  right. 

About  digging.  Sweet  potatoes  grow  until  a  frost 
hits  the  Tines.  I  always  await  a  frost  myself.  Still 
they  can  be  dug  earlier.  My  sweet  potatoes  are  put 
away  in  boxes  in  my  basement,  where  I  keep  about 
50  bushels  for  seed,  selling  at  $1  per  bushel  each 
spring.  They  should  be  kept,  not  too  warm  and  not 
too  cool,  but  at  an  even  temperature  of  from  50°  to 
60°,  if  possible.  If  too  warm  they  sprout  badly  ;  if 
chilled,  they  rot. 

When  fed  to  stock,  I  know  one  bushel  of  sweet  po 
tatoes  and  two  of  corn  will  beat  three  bushels  of  corn, 
as  I  have  often  proved  to  my  entire  satisfaction.  All 
corn  is  too  heating  to  keep  a  hog,  steer,  or  sheep  in 
good  health,  whilst  fattening,  and  the  one  third  sweet 
potatoes  makes  the  animal  enjoy  his  corn  the  more. 
Any  root  will  act  the  same,  but  sweet  potatoes  fatten 
as  well,  for  I  fattened  a  large  beef  with  sweet  potatoes 
alone  one  year,  and  have  often  fattened  hogs  on  them. 

Now,  in  conclusion,  let  me  say  I  can  raise  as  many 
sweet  potatoes  on  one  acre  as  I  can  corn  on  8  or  10 
and  that  land  will  produce  a  fair  crop  of  wheat  the 
following  year,  and  grass  as  well,  if  the  manure  is 
properly  worked  out  and  scattered  by  repeated  har- 
rowings and  re  harrowings,  and  the  ground  be  put  into 
good  order  for  a  grain  crop.  I  have  raised  20  bushels 
of  wheat  after  my  sweet  potato  crop,  and  you,  brother 
farmers,  can  go  and  do  likewise.  But  I  put  work  on 
that  sweet  potato  patch.  One  hundred  dollars  would 
not  buy  my  crop  when  I  dig  it.  Have  yon  an  acre  to 
pay  more,  even  in  tobacco  ?  I  don't  want  to  ride  my 
hobby  to  death  nor  do  I  want  to  tire  others,  but  I  want 
all  to  try  a  sweet  potato  patch  and  report. 

My  potatoes  have  an  extended  redigree,  probably, 
but  all  I  know  of  them  is  just  this  :   A  lot  were  in 


100 


THE  80UTHEKN  PLAJfTEii. 


[February 


my  cellar  when  I  came  here  eight  years  ago,  and  I 
have  the  same  kind  yet,  with  some  additions  now  and 
then  from  a  good  neighbor  who  gave  me  two  or  three 
potatoes,  and  I  put  them  in  my  hot  bed  because  they 
tasted  so  good  when  roasted  of  a  cold  winter's  day  or 
night.  My  potatoes  are  some  big,  some  little,  from 
eight  pounds  to  one  pound,  every  shape,  size  and 
color.  I  pick  them  as  I  feed  them,  and  always  put 
good  shaped  ones  not  too  large  or  small  into  my  hoc 
bed  for  slips. 

Yours  for  Sweets, 
GoodHand  Co.yVa.  W.  Elliot  Hajimond. 


NOTES  ON  VARIETIES  OF  APPLES  AT  THE 
AGRICULTURAL  EXPERIHENT  STATION, 
BLACKSBURQ,  VA. 

[Excerpt  from  Bulletin  130.] 

Editor  Southern  Planter  : 

The  Horticultural  Department  of  the  Experiment 
Station  is  issuing  at  this  time  a  second  series  of  bnlle 
tins  dealing  with  the  Experiment  Station  orchards. 
This  series  Is  entitled  "Orchard  Studies,"  and  the 
third  number  discnases  some  of  the  more  important 
varieties  of  apples  growing  in  the  test  orchards. 
Thirty  two  varieties  are  discussed  in  the  bulletin;  six 
summer  varieties,  nine  autumn,  and  seventeen  winter 
varieties.  The  bulletin  is  too  long  to  be  reproduced 
in  one  issue  of  the  Planter,  hence  the  more  Important 
details  are  condensed  and  presented  in  advance  of  the 
official  publication  for  the  benefit  of  the  readers  of 
the  Planetr. 

While,  as  shown  in  the  official  publications,  the 
orchard  studies  deal  with  both  scientific  and  practical 
matters,  the  chief  object  of  the  bulletins  issued  for 
the  farmer  is  to  convey  information  that  is  usable  in 
his  work,  hence,  in  condsnsing  for  the  press,  mention 
is  only  made  of  those  varieties  which  are  summarized 
in  the  bulletins  as  the  most  important.  Under  the 
head  of 

Selection  of  Vakietits, 
the  question  is  sure  to  occur  to  every  one  familiar 
with  even  the  limited  list  treated  in  this  bulletin, 
"What  shall  I  plant  for  my  purposes!"  To  thisques 
tion  the  following  list  is  suggested  as  in  part  answer- 
ing the  same: 

For  Summer. — Select,  Early  Eipe,  Yellow  Transpa 
rent  and  Oldenburg,  as  cosmopolitan  varieties  which 
thrive  in  all  apple  soils.  Chenango  and  Summer  Rose 
are  fine  amateur  sorts  for  the  home  orchard.  Jefferis 
is  a  promising  late  summer  variety  here,  but  not  well 
enough  tested  to  warrant  distinct  commendation — 
quality  excellent. 

For  Autumn.— Select,  Maiden  Blush,  Buckingham 
and  Wagoner,  again  fairly  cosmopolitan  varieties, 
which  thrive  almost  everywhere.  Bonum,  Pall  Or 
ange,  Tolman  and  others  have  special  value  for  per- 
sons desiring  fine  quality,  and  a  commercial  value 
where  they  can  be  sold  on  their  meriti. 

lor  Winter. — Speaking  first  of  those  which  are  not 
cosmopolitan,  and  must  be  planted  with  nice  discre 
tion  as  to  soil,  conditions,  etc.,  select,  Albemarle  Pip 
pin,  Winesap,  and  possibly  Lawver.    For  standard 


cosmopolitan  sorts,  select,  Arkansas,  Gano  or  Via  and 
York  Imperial.  As  a  secondary  selection  for  quali- 
ty, Grimes,  Eoxbury  or  Smokehouse  may  be  suggest- 
ed, but  these  are  not  keepeis  in  ordinary  storage. 

The  really  interested  orchardist  can't  afiford  not  to 
try,  in  a  small  way,  a  varied  list  of  old  and  new  sorts, 
for  otherwise  he  misses  the  finest  pleasures  of  his  call- 
ing, and  gratification  of  his  own  aesthetic  tastes  for 
fine  fruits,  but  the  Commercial  Orchard  must  be  kept  clear 
of  experiments. 

Desceiptive  Notes  on  Above  Named  Vabieties. 

All  the  varieties  mentioned  herein  ware  planted  in 
spring  of  1889. 

Early  Ripe. — An  old  variety — origin,  Pennsylvania. 
While  this  variety  resembles  in  some  characteristicB 
of  trte  and  fruit  the  Early  Harvtst,  it  is  a  decidedly 
superior  variety  at  least  for  this  district.  Tree  quite 
vigorous  grower,  measures  at  14  years  old  in  the  or- 
chard here  33  inches  in  circumference  at  base  of  trunk 
and  29  inches  just  below  limbs,  free  from  blight,  and 
fruit  free  from  rots. 

First  bloom  noted  in  1894,  and  bore  few  fruits  in 
189.5,  fair  crops  in  1897,  1899  and  1901.  The  fruit  is 
larger  than  Early  Harvest,  roundish  oblate,  greenish 
yellow,  qaality  acid,  but  good  for  culinary  use  and 
eating.  The  best  general  purpose  variety  of  the  very 
early  sorts.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  it  cannot  al- 
ways be  purchased  with  certainty.  Season  with  Early 
HarreBt,  but  lasts  better. 

Yellow  Transparent. — A  recent  but  comparatively 
well  known  early  variety  of  Eussian  origin.  The  tree  . 
is  a  vigorous  though  not  large  grower,  and  has  been 
very  healthy  here.  In  this  respect  surpasses  some  of 
the  other  Eussians.  The  fruit  has  also  been  entirely 
free  from  fungous  diseases.  After  14  years'  growth, 
the  trees  measure  in  circumference  at  base  24  inches ; 
and  at  point  where  limbs  start  22  inches.  The  head 
is  upright,  compact.  The  first  bloom  was  observed 
on  this  variety  in  1893,  and  in  1895  it  bore  a  heavy 
crop  for  the  size  of  the  trees.  It  has  continued  to 
bear  a  heavy  crop  in  the  fruit  years  of  1897,  1899  and 
1901,  and  also  has  borne  a  moderate  crop  the  ofif  years. 
We  have  gathered  as  high  as  three  bushels  per  tree. 
The  fruit  here  is  mostly  medium  in  size,  rarely  large, 
although  in  some  other  parts  of  Virginia  it  grows  to 
excellent  size.  The  shape  is  somewhat  conical,  color 
light  green,  shading  to  an  opalescent  tint  when  fully 
ripe,  and  can  be  called  a  beautiful  fruit.  The  quality 
is  acid,  but  pleasant  and  agreeable  when  ripe,  and 
may  be  rated  as  a  valuable  dessert  variety.  It  is  far 
the  best  dessert  variety  of  any  Russian  fruit  grown 
with  us.  As  an  early  variety,  and  a  sure  bearer,  it 
rather  surpasses  the  other  varieties  mentioned  in  this 
section.  It  is  highly  commended  for  home  use  and 
for  nearby  market,  where  there  is  demand  for  sncli 
fruit.     Season  follows  Early  Ripe. 

Oldenburg  (Duchess  of.) — A  well  known  variety  of 
Eussian  origin,  and  quite  generally  planted  for  early 
market  and  culinary  purposes.  The  growth  here  is 
fairly  vigorous,  but  not  heavy.  Thus  far  entirely  free 
from  blight  and  the  fruit  from  rot.  The  trees  now 
measure  22  inches  in  circumference  just  above  the 
ground  and  2©  inches  in  circumference  at  the  point 
where  the  head  starts.  The  growth  is  upright,  rather 
compact. 
This  variety  bloomed  first  in  189i,  and  shows  bloom- 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHBEN  PLAIITEE. 


101 


Ing  dates  from  April  28th  to  May  2d,  daring  the  last 
nine  years.  A  few  fruits  were  borne  in  1892 ;  a  fair 
crop  for  age  of  tree  in  1895.  Subsequently  fair  crops 
have  bepn  produced  in  1897, 1899, 1901,  and  moderate 
crop  in  1902.  The  fruit  with  us  is  never  large,  but  a 
good  medium  size,  striped  and  handsome.  Quality 
suited  only  for  culinary  use.  It  is  one  of  the  very 
best  market  sorts  for  local  sale.  Season  2ud  early  to 
midsummer. 

Chenango. — An  old  variety — origin  New  York  State. 
Only  fairly  vigorous  in  growth,  subject  to  blight,  and 
fruit  slightly  subject  to  bitter  rot.  Tree  at  this  time, 
after  fourteen  summers'  growth,  measures  25  inches  in 
circumference  at  base  and  22  inches  at  point  where 
limbs  start ;  head  thick  and  round  ;  growth  of  wood 
short. 

Bloomed  first  1893  ;  fruited,  few  specimens,  1895  ; 
very  fair  crop  in  1897;  lees  crop  1899  and  1901.  Fall 
ing  off  in  productiveness  attributed  to  blight.  Fruit 
is  beautiful  pale  green  and  striped  with  red,  elongate 
in  shape. 

Quality  very  good;  one  of  the  best  for  high  class 
dessert  use.  An  amateur  sort  of  the  first  rank  for  des 
sert  and  the  home  orchard.  Highly  commended  for 
home  use ;  does  not  seem  to  warrant  commendation 
for  commercial  growing.  Ripens  mid  season  to  late 
summer. 

Summer  Bose. — An  old  but  not  well  known  variety 
of  Neiv  Jersey  origin.  The  tree  is  a  vigorous  grower; 
forms  an  upright,  compact  head  ;  not  subject  to  blight, 
and  the  fruit  quite  free  from  fungous  diseases.  The 
trees  at  fourteen  years  old  measure  30  inwhes  in  cir 
cumference  at  bise  and  25  inches  in  circumference  at 
point  where  the  head  starts. 

This  variety  shows  its  period  of  full  bloom  betwef  n 
the  dates  of  April  24th  and  May  Gth;  bore  a  few  fruits 
in  1892.  In  1895,  the  trees  fruited  very  well  for  their 
age,  and  in  1897  bore  a  full  crop;  in  1899.  30  per  cent, 
of  a  crop;  and  in  1901  a  fairly  heavy  crop,  about  four 
bushels  per  tree.  The  fruit  is  small  to  medium  in  size, 
round  and  very  prettily  marked  with  stripes  of  red. 
The  quality  is  very  good,  especially  suitable  for  des 
sert  use.  While  the  fruit  is  not  overly  rich,  it  has  a 
very  pleasant  flavor.  We  consider  it  one  of  the  very 
best  early  dessert  fruits,  but  the  fruit  appears  to  be 
quite  tender  ;  the  skin  cracks  easily.  Ripens  mid- 
season. 

Maiden  Blush. — A  generally  disseminated  old  vari 
ty  of  New  Jersey  origin,  but  which  has  merits  that 
warrant  its  larger  use  in  our  plantations.  The  tree  is 
a  healthy,  vigorous  grower,  not  subject  to  blight. 
Measures  29  inches  in  circumference  at  base,  and  27 
inches  at  head  of  trunk.  The  habit  is  moderately 
spreading,  upright,  and  forms  a  very  good  top.  First 
bloom  was  observed  upon  this  variety  in  1893  ;  it  bore 
a  few  fruits  in  1895  ;  and  a  very  fair  crop  in  1901.  The 
largest  crop  has  been  3  bushels  per  tree.  This  vari- 
ety is  acid,  of  very  good  flavor,  desirable  either  for 
home  use  or  market.  The  size  of  fruit  ia  medium. 
Color,  greenish  with  a  fine  blush  on  one  cheek.  To 
bp  commended  for  the  family  orchard,  or  for  market 
whore  fruit  of  this  class  can  be  disposed  of.  Season 
early  to  mid  autumn. 

Buckingham. — This  well  known  variety  of  Virginia 
origin  has  also  been  called  Fall  Qaeen,  but  is  now 
rightly  known  as  Buckingham.     The  tree  is  a  fairly 


vigorous  grower  but  not  large,  comparatively  free 
from  blight  and  other  fungous  diseases,  and  the  fruit 
is  also  quite  free  from  disease  here.  Measurement  of 
trees  at  this  time,  25  inches  in  circumference  at  the 
base,  and  22  inches  in  circumference  at  point  where 
the  head  starts.  Head  upright,  moderately  spread- 
ing. First  bloom  noted  in  1892,  and  also  three  speci- 
mens of  fruit  were  produced  on  one  tree,  1895,  a  very 
good  crop  for  size  of  trees;  and  the  same  was  true  in 
18*7.  In  1899  the  trees  set  so  full  that  there  was  slight 
breaking  of  the  limbs,  produced  about  four  bushels 
per  tree;  1901  the  crop  was  light.  The  fruit  is  of  good 
size,  medium  to  large,  and  colors  here  so  as  to  be  most- 
ly red.  In  quality  it  Js  excellent,  and  very  desirable 
for  both  dessert  and  culinary  purposes.  It  seems  to 
be  very  good  for  canning.  Recommended  for  home 
use,  and  for  market  where  fall  fruit  can  be  disposed 
of.     Season  mid  autumn  to  late. 

Wagener  — An  old  variety  of  New  York  origin,  but 
rarely  met  with  in  our  fruit  plantations.  The  tree  is 
only  a  moderate  grower,  with  well  formed,  open  top, 
wood  short.  Trunk  21  inches  in  circumference  at  base, 
and  18  inches  at  head.  Quite  healthy,  free  from  blight, 
and  moderately  so  from  other  fungous  diseases.  Bore 
a  few  fruits  in"lS92,  three  years  alter  planting;  and  a 
full  crop  for  size  of  tree  in  1895  and  1897;  in  1899  three 
bushels  per  tree  were  gathered;  fruit  of  good  size  and 
fine  quality.  In  fact,  this  variety  fruits  so  heavily  it 
does  noi;  develop  sufBcient  wood.  In  1901  the  crop 
was  light,  and  also  the  present  off  year,  1902.  The 
fruit  is  medium  to  large,  roundish  oblate,  greenish 
ground,  splashed  and  striped  with  red.  Quality  not 
rich,  but  pleasant  sub  acid.  Desirable  for  culinary 
use  and  for  market.  This  variety  is  one  of  tha  most 
promising  as  a  bearer  of  any  in  the  list  of  fall  apples. 
We  have  found  it  desirable  for  canning.  Season  mid 
autumn  to  late. 

Bonum. — A  well  known  variety  of  North  Carolina 
origin.  Tree  fairly  vigorous,  but  not  large  in  growth. 
Comparatively  free  from  disease,  both  as  to  tree  and 
fruit.  Size  of  trunk  at  base,  24  inches  circumference; 
at  head,  20  inches.  Upright,  spreading  habit.  The 
first  bloom  on  this  variety  was  observed  in  1893;  a 
very  few  fruits  were  produced  in  1895;  in  1897  a  fair 
crop  set;  but  in  1899  only  a  very  few  fruits  were  pro 
duced;  in  1901,  the  crop  was  fair,  measuring  2}  bush- 
els per  tree.  A  small  but  showy  fruit  of  the  very  best 
quality.  Desirable  either  for  dessert  or  market.  Sea- 
son is  late  autumn  at  this  altitude. 

Fall  Orange  — This  is  an  old  variety  of  Massachusetts 
oriein;  it  is  not  common  in  the  orchards  and  gardens 
of  Virginia  The  tree  is  a  strong  grower  and  compara- 
tively healthy;  measures  at  base,  21  inches  in  circum- 
ference, and  20  inches  at  point  where  limbs  start. 
Head  upright,  moderately  spreading.  This  variety 
bloomed  first  in  1893,  and  produced  a  few  fruits  in 
1895;  in  1897,  a  good  crop,  and  in  1899  a  light  crop 
was  produced;  1901,  the  trees  produced  2!  bushels  of 
fruit  each,  which  is  a  full  crop  for  this  size.  The  fruit 
is  medium  in  size,  of  a  yellowish  red  color  here,  and 
fine  looking.  The  quality  is  excellent  either  for  des- 
sert or  culinary  purposes.  It  is  generally  free  from 
rot.     Rioens  early  to  mid  autumn. 

Tolman  Sweet.  — An  old  variety  of  Rhode  Island  ori- 
gin. It  is  rarely  met  with  in  our  fruit  plantations, 
but  is  worthy  of  more  attention,  especially  for  the 


102 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAIITBR 


[February 


farmily  orchard.  The  tree  is  moderately  robust  in 
growth,  forming  a  broad,  spreading  top  of  quite  dis 
ttnct  and  peculiar  type.  This  variety  has  shown  some 
blight,  bat  not  serious.  Trees  measure  2!)  inches  in 
circumference  at  base,  and  25  inches  at  head.  First 
bloom  was  observed  in  1894,  and  a  few  fruits  in  1895. 
The  trees  bore  a  full  crop  for  their  size  in  1897;  and  a 
light  crop  in  1899;  in  190 1,  a  very  fair  crop  was  borne, 
averaging  about  4  bushels  per  tree.  A.  very  light  crop 
was  produced  the  present  year,  1902.  The  fruit  is 
medium  to  large,  round,  compressed,  of  a  yellowish, 
golden  color;  and  fairly  free  from  disease;  has  shown 
some  a'^tack  from  the  black  and  bitter  rot  on  one  occa 
sion.  The  qualitj  is  rich,  sweet,  with  a  fine  perfume, 
making  it  an  excellent  variety  for  preserving  and  other 
culinary  uses.  This  apple  is  regarded  as  of  special 
value  for  home  made  goods  of  above  description,  and 
should  sell  well  for  special  uses  where  it  becomes 
known.     Season  mid  autumn. 

Wm.  B.   Alwood, 
Dec.  W,  1902.  Horticulturist. 

[TO   BE   CONTINUED.  J 


THE  SPRING  GARDEN. 

Editor  Southern  Planter  : 

Winter  is  now  upon  us.  Growing  vegetation  is  al 
most  at  a  standstill.  This  is  true  of  a  very  large  part 
of  the  country.  But  our  country  is  so  large,  and  cli- 
matic conditions  so  varied,  that  we  must  take  broad 
views.  While  one  section  is  clothed  in  ice  and  snow, 
other  sections  are  enjoying  strawberries  and  vegeta 
bles  from  open  air  gardens  and  fields.  We  have  all 
the  gradations  from  72°  above  to  22"  below.  Hence, 
it  is  more  or  less  timely  to  write  of  the  spring  gardec, 
even  in  mid  winter;  but  we  write  rather  from  another 
standpoint. 

It  is  always  wise  to  look  ahead  and  prepare  for 
coming  duties.  That  ve  may  have  the  best  spring 
garden,  it  is  necessary  to  do  much  of  the  work  now. 
Then,  whether  we  live  where  spring  comes  in  March 
or  in  May,  we  can  be  ready  to  welcome  her  coming, 
and  gather  the  fruits  of  our  thoughts  and  plans. 
Preparing  the  Soil. 

This  is  an  important  part  of  successful  gardening. 
The  best  soils  for  producing  the  most  luscious  fruits 
and  the  choicest  vegetables  cannot  be  prepared  hasti 
ly.  Time  is  needed  for  atmospheric  action.  For  the 
best  1  esults,  we  cannot  have  our  soils  too  line,  too  deep 
or  too  rich.  We  should  break  them  very  deep.  And 
this  breaking  should  be  done  now  if  it  has  not  already 
been  done.  This  will  enable  the  rains  and  the  snows 
and  the  freezes  to  do  their  work.  Their  work  is  all 
important,  and  we  cannot  do  it.  When  we  have  used 
plows,  spades  and  harrows,  we  still  leave  millions  of 
little  lumps  or  clods.  These  need  to  be  broken  finer. 
The  agents  of  nature  will  do  this  when  we  have  pre 
pared  the  way  by  doing  our  part.  Aeration  requires 
time. 


Manuring  and  Fertilizing. 

Manuring  is  putting  on  vegetable  matter  and  ani- 
mal voidings  to  rot  in  the  soil.  It  takes  time  for 
these  to  become  thoroughly  incorporated  with  the  soil 
and  to  become  soluble  in  water.  They  should  be  put 
on  as  early  as  practicable,  and  mixed  in  with  the  soil. 
Then  they  will  decay.  In  so  doing,  they  start  fermen- 
tation. This  assists  aeration,  and  the  two  working 
together,  get  the  plant-food  in  soluble  form,  ready  for 
use  by  the  plants.  But  when  we  have  done  this,  we 
do  not  always  supply  all  the  elements  of  plant  life 
needed,  neither  do  we  give  them  in  proper  propor- 
tions.    This  is  very  important. 

One  of  the  most  important  elements  in  plant-growth 
is  potash.  This  enters  into  the  composition  of  all 
plants.  It  gives  health  to  the  plant,  and  strength  to 
do  its  work.  This  element  is  very  abundant  in  near- 
ly all  garden  crops  It  is  especially  needed  for  all 
those  crops  which  have  numerous  seeds,  and  also  for 
crops  which  are  liable  to  fangus  diseases,  such  as  rust, 
wilt,  etc. 

Most  soils  are  deficient  in  this  element.  Hence,  it 
is  very  important  to  supply  it.  German  kainit  and 
muriate  of  potash  are  the  cheapest  and  most  reliable 
of  the  sources  of  supply.  These  should  be  used  libe- 
rally on  garden  and  truck  patches.  Phosphoric  acid 
is  also  needed.  This  we  can  get  from  superphosphates 
and  bones.  The  nitrogen  is  usually  supplied  from  the 
manuie  and  vegetable  matter. 

Planting. 

Having  made  the  soil  rich  and  warm,  we  can  begin 
planting  quite  early.  There  are  many  vegetables,  such 
as  radishes,  lettuce,  mustard,  turnips,  onions,  salsify, 
and  so  on,  which,  in  many  sections,  grow  all  winter. 
These  can  be  planted  early.  Irish  potatoes  can  be 
planted  in  all  the  South  any  time  you  are  ready.  Pat 
them  in  rather  deep;  cover  with  rotting  straw  or 
leaves  or  other  decaying  vegetable  matter;  then  throw 
on  soil  as  deep  as  you  think  best.  As  spring  ap- 
proaches, rake  off  the  crust  with  a  light  harrow. 

We  do  not  propose  to  enumerate  here  what  you  can 
plant.  Tour  locality  and  the  seed  catalogues  will 
help  you  to  decide.  But  be  sure  to  be  ready  to  have  an 
early  garden.  This  contributes  so  much  to  the  happi- 
ness of  the  family,  and  brings  an  income  at  a  time 
whtn  cash  is  scarce.  A  garden  may  be  ever  so  large, 
or  ever  so  small.     But  be  sure  to  have  a  garden. 

Atlanta,  Ga.  James  B.  Hunnioutt, 


To  winter  twenty  animals  on  the  food  that  would 
give  best  returns  if  fed  to  only  fifteen,  is  poor  policy. 
Although  the  twenty  might  not  starve,  the  extra  time 
required  for  them  to  regain  their  normal  condition 
would  prove  the  experiment  a  sorry  failure. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLAIJTER. 


103 


Live  Stock  and   Dairy. 


DEVON  CATTLE. 

Sditor  Southern  Planter : 

We  see  a  great  deal  writtea  in  the  stock  journals  of 
the  country  about  beef  and  dairy  breeds  of  cattle,  and 
also  the  "  general  purpose,"  or  farmtr's  cow,  but  we 
seldom  see  anything  fcald  about  one  breed — the  De 
von — one  of  the  oldest  breeds  In  the  United  States, 
and  one  which  we  do  not  think  has  yet  outlived  its 
usefulness.  Whilst  there  is  eo  much  written  about 
the  Red  Polls,  Holstein,  etc.,  as  "  general  purpose" 
animals,  we  are  sure  that  if  there  is  a  breed  of  cattle 
worthy  the  name  of  "General  Purpose"  the  Devon  is 
that  one.  We  believe  in  the  "general  purpose"  cow. 
Sh«  is  not  a  myth  by  any  means,  as  some  writers  seem 
to  think.  When  the  good  qualities  of  the  Devon  for 
beef,  butter  and  milk  are  taken  into  coi  sideration, 
the  breed  will  be  lound  among  the  stayers,  and  will 
always  leave  its  mark.  Now  that  "baby"  beef  is  so 
much  in  demand  the  Devon  Is  certainly  in  the  race, 
for  they  fattf  n  well  at  any  age.  The  flesh  is  well  mar 
bled,  and  they  kill  well  with  less  loss  In  offal  than 
most  breeds.  WhIJst  we  do  not  claim  that  they  are 
as  large  as  the  stately  Shorthorns  or  Hereford s,  they 
are  a  medium  size.  Steers  at  two  years  old,  weighing 
1,725  pounds,  when  well  fattened.  The  fat  does  not 
lay  in  lumps,  as  we  see  In  some  of  the  other  breeds. 
Bulls  of  this  breed  weigh  1,700  to  2,100  pounds.  Cows 
900  to  1,500  pounds.  The  steers  grow  rapidly, 
and  are  always  hearty,  and  while  their  weights  are 
not  aa  large  as  those  of  the  other  beef  breeds,  they  are 
plenty  large  enough  for  the  general  market  for  a 
large  portion  of  our  country.  In  a  hilly  country  where 
the  feed  is  not  so  abundant  as  it  is  in  some  of  our  West 
«rn  States,  this  breed  does  well,  and  even  in  the  West 
they  make  their  mark.  We  quote  from  an  Eoglieh 
writer:  "The  Devon  breed  has  been  traced  from 
the  earliest  period  when  its  existence  was  scarcely 
known  beyond  the  then  remote  county  from  which 
it  derives  Its  name,  and  it  having  been  shown 
how  a  small  band  of  farmers,  j ustly  proud  of  their 
native  breed,  by  their  own  exertlors  sustained  Its  pn 
rity  and  carried  it  triumphantly  through  a  critical 
period  until  at  length  its  own  intrinsic  merits  attract- 
ed the  attention  at  first  of  a  few  discriminating  judges, 
and  finally  of  the  general  public,  leading  to  Its  in 
troduction  into  various  parts  of  Great  Britain,  Ireland, 
France,  Jamaica,  Mexico,  Australia,  Canada,  and  last 
ly,  in  the  United  States.  A  breed  whose  native  home 
is  a  bleak,  hilly  district  several  hundred  feet  above 
sea  level.  Flourishing  as  they  do  there,  it  is  not  sur- 
prising that  they  maintain  their  reputation  when 
transplanted  to  a  richer  soil  and  milder  climate." 


Another  writer  says  of  the  Devoa:  "In  all  points 
the  Devon  is  the  finest  formed,  most  blood  like  and 
active  of  cattle.  He  Is  to  his  congeners  what  the  Ara- 
bian is  to  other  horses."  Another  writer  of  experi- 
ence says:  "I  find  Devon  cattle  the  most  profitable 
breed  in  America,  and  can  raise  more  valuable  beef 
on  them  with  the  same  amount  of  food  than  on  any 
other  breed." 

We  quote  from  a  South  Dakota  ranchman  as  fol- 
lows :  "  I  am  thinking  of  buying  Devon  bulls  to  turn 
on  the  range  with  Shorthorn  cows.  Shorthorns  are 
too  large  and  slow  for  the  short  grass  country.  Here- 
fords  I  do  not  like,  and  Angus  are  shy  breeders.  De- 
von cows  will  last  two  or  three  years  longer  on  the 
range  than  Shorthorns,  and  always  be  in  better  fix. 
They  have  proved  to  be  the  best  of  breeders  with  a 
good  calf  every  spring.  The  steers  are  good  ones. 
This  is  a  short  grass  and  a  short  feed  country,  and  we 
want  something  that  can  get  a  hustle  on.  Some  of  our 
farmers  here  milk  their  cows  and  I  think  Devons 
would  suit  them." 

A  South  Carolina  breeder  says  of  the  Devon  :  "  My 
experience  and  observation  of  the  Devon  steer  leads 
me  to  think  that  they  are  far  superior  to  any  other 
breed  of  cattle  for  beef  purposes.  They  are  far  more 
thrifty  and  docile  than  any  cattle  I  have  ever  seen, 
and  can  be  fattened  on  one  third  less  feed  than  is  re- 
quired for  any  other  breed  of  cattle.  They  are  par- 
ticularly hardy  and  will  thrive  where  others  would 
almost  starve. 

The  dairy  qualities  of  the  Devons  are  not  lacking. 
A  Pennsylvania  breeder  says:  "My  cows  give  six 
times  their  weight  In  milk  per  year.  Such  an  animal 
should  not  be  despised.  I  have  not  bred  for  quantity, 
but  rather  for  quality  and  ualformlty.  All  my  cows 
have  the  wonderful  staying  qualities  that  stamp  the 
Deven  breed  the  world  over."  Mature  cows  of  the 
Devon  breed  yield  from  fifteen  to  twenty  quarts  of 
milk  per  day,  testing  from  4  to  6  per  cent,  butter  fat. 
One  ten- year  old  heifer  has  a  record  of  7,000  pounds 
of  milk  and  423  pounds  of  butter  for  her  first  year. 
She  Is  now  nearly  dry  and  In  perfect  beef  condition. 
Her  dam  has  a  record  of  453  pounds  of  butter  per 
year,  and  her  grand  dam  has  a  record  of  over  two 
pounds  of  butter  per  day,  showing  that  this  cow  is  no 
sport. 

We  quote  once  more  from  a  large  breeder  of  Devons 
and  Shorthorns  In  California  (he  has  over  100  head  of 
Devons)  as  follows  :  "  From  here  southward  is  a  dry 
country,  and  we  find  the  Devons  do  better  than  any 
other  breed  where  they  have  to  go  a  long  distance  to 
water.     We  have  sold  very  few  Devon  heifers,  as  It  Is 


104 


THE  80UTHBEN  PLAirTEB. 


[February 


onr  intention  to  Increase  our  herd.  Our  bulls  find 
ready  sale  all  over  tbe  coast.  The  Derons  are  not 
only  an  excellent  beef  breed  but  are  also  great  milk- 
ers." 

The  above  experience  of  those  who  have  handled 
other  breeds  besides  Devons  goes  to  show  that  they 
are  certainly  a  general- purpose  breed  of  cattle.  They 
are  good  for  btauty,  beef  and  butter,  three  B's  that 
are  hard  to  beat. 

Newark,  Ohio.  L.  P.  Sisson. 


BLACK-LEQ  IN  CATTLE. 

Editor  Southern  Planter  : 

I  saw  an  article  in  a  Blacksburg  bulletin  claiming 
that  black  leg  in  calves  was  a  germ  disease.  I  don't 
agree  with  them.  I  bought  some  yearlings  and  put 
them  on  blue  grass,  and  salted  every  day  for  5  days. 
One  died  and  another  went  lame.  I  bled  the  one  that 
was  lame,  and  skinned  one  that  died,  and  found  that 
the  blood  had  settled  in  one  leg  and  neck.  I  moved 
them  to  a  field  that  was  short  grass,  and  lost  no  more. 

2.  My  neighbor  had  over  a  hundred  yearlings  in  the 
woods  and  lost  nine,  supposed  black  leg  to  be  ihe  cause. 
He  said  that  he  knew  it  was  not  for  the  want  of  salt, 
for  he  had  two  men  salting  every  day.  I  told  him 
that  the  salting  was  what  was  killing  them,  and  he 
quit  salting  and  lost  no  more.  Last  fall  in  dry  weather 
some  of  my  neighbors  salted  their  yearlings  everyday, 
and  several  died.  Water  was  scarce,  and.  after  the 
cattle  drank  water,  they  had  strong  appetite  and  eat 
very  heartily,  and,  having  very  rich  blood,  lay  down 
and  died.  The  blocd  would  settle  in  some  place  aud 
that  caused  death.  Y. 

We  referred  the  foregoing  to  the  Blacksburg  author- 
ities for  their  comment.  Below  is  their  reply.  We  agree 
with  theui.  Black  leg  is  undoubtedly  a  germ  disease, 
and  salt  has  nothing  to  do  with  it. 

"The  party  from  Warm  Springs,  Va.,  has  no  know- 
ledge of  the  nature  of  the  highly  infectious  disease, 
black  leg  in  cattle,  or  else  he  could  never  have  made 
the  foolish  statement  that  the  disease  was  the  result  of 
cattle  being  allowed  to  have  sodium  chloride  (common 
salt).  Nor  has  he  a  knowledge  of  the  action  of  the 
salt  on  the  healthy  animal. 

When  I  tell  jou  that  I  have  sent  out  from  this  Sta 
tion  a  vaccine,  which  is  prepared  by  the  Bureau  of 
Animal  Industry,  Washington,  D.  C,  and  is  made 
from  the  muscular  tiesue  of  the  animal  which  has  died 
from  black  leg,  thus  containing  the  germ,  in  an  atten- 
uated form,  and  (hat  this  vaccine  has  so  successfully 
prevented  the  disease  in  cattle  in  this  State  that  the 
farmers  have  written  for  and  obtained  over  five  thou 
sand  doses  of  this  vaccine  during  the  last  four  months, 
which  they  have  seed  with  the  satisfactory  result  of 
preventing  the  outbreak  of  blackleg,  you  will  doubt 
less  see  that  we  t.o  understand  the  cause  of  the  dis 
ease,  and  are  not  simply  guessing  at  it." 

J.  G.  Fernethough, 

Blacksburg,  Va.  State  Veterinarian. 


THE   STATUS  OF    ABERDEEN-ANQUS  CATTLE. 

Editor  Southern  Planter  : 

Those  fortunate  enough  to  be  able  to  visit  the  last 
great  International  L'.ve  Stock  Exposition,  were 
struck,  in  the  first  place,  with  the  vastness  of  the 
show;  and  in  the  second,  by  the  uniform  high  quality 
of  the  numerous  exhibits.  A  really  poor  animal  was 
hard  to  find.  Taken  altogether,  it  was  simply  a  mass 
of  grand  individuals  of  the  horse,  cow,  sheep,  and 
hog  kind. 

To  see  the  draft  horse  show  alone  was  well  worth  a 
thousand  mile  trip,  while  in  the  cattle  classes,  the 
show  was  grand  beyond  conception.  The  long  rows 
of  fine  breeding  animals  led  one  to  iconder  at  the  vaab 
improvement  made  in  the  several  beef  breeds,  even 
in  the  past  ten  years. 

The  Breeders'  Gazette,  in  its  report  of  the  show, 
said  "It  it  was  a  'black  year'  at  the  show.  The  ejrade 
Aberdeen  Angus  bullock  was  dominant.  Whether  in 
the  pavilion,  in  the  pens,  or  in  the  slaughter  test,  the 
color  was  'black,  and  all  black.'  Never  has  a  breed 
accomplished  such  sweeping  victories  at  a  fat  stock 
show.  Two  out  of  three  of  the  breed  championships 
by  ages,  the  grand  championship  of  the  show,  the 
grand  champion  herd,  and  reserve  for  the  herd  (sec- 
ond), fell  to  the  blacks  withiu  the  building,  while  in 
the  pens  the  carload  lots  made  almost  as  sweeping  a 
victory.  On  the  block  it  was  repeated,  as  five  of  the 
ten  prizes  for  carcasses  fell  to  the  'blackekins,'  together 
with  the  championship." 

This  victory  was  the  more  remarkable  because  of 
the  great  inducements  offered  by  the  other  breed  asso- 
ciations— one  of  which  offered  $1,000  for  the  grand 
champion  car  lot  should  it  fall  to  their  breed.  In  the 
sales  of  these,  both  single  animals  and  car  lots,  the 
Angus  again  demonstrated  the  fact  that  the  breed  was 
at  the  top  in  the  estimation  of  the  butchers — the 
champion  steer  selling  at  56  cents  per  pound;  cham- 
pion car  lot  at  $14.50  per  hundred  gross. 

Prom  Chicago  the  writer  made  a  trip  to  Channing, 
Texas,  and  visited  Mr.  Boyce,  manager  of  the  X.  I.  T. 
ranch,  the  largest  in  the  world. 

He  there  raises  all  three  breeds  of  beef  cattle — each 
breed  in  separate  pastures — and  all  given  the  same 
treatment.  Speaking  of  the  qualities  of  the  different 
breeds,  Mr.  Boyce  said :  "I  wish  all  of  our  cattle  were 
the  Angus,  as  the  Angus  feeders  always  sell  first.  We 
never  have  to  keep  onr  Angus  steers  until  three  years 
old,  but  have  a  good  many  of  the  other  breeds  of  that 
age;  generally  sell  all  the  Angus  steers  as  calves  and 
yearliugs.  I  spent  a  pleasant  week  at  the  ranch,  and 
brought  home  five  cars  of  two  year  old  Angus  heifers 
as  souvenirs.  No  one  in  the  'Pan  Handle'  has  a  word 
to  say  against  the  'doddies,'  but  every  one  who  is  so 
fortunate  as  tu  own  a  black  herd,  speaks  in  the  highest 


19«3.] 


THE  80TJTHBEN  PLANTBE. 


105 


terms  of  them;  and  it  must  be  remembered  that  the 
Angus  bull  was  unknown  on  the  range  twelve  years 
ago." 

Taken  altogether,  I  believe  the  Angus  breeders  have 
have  every  reason  to  congratulate  themselves  upon 
the  achievements  of  their  favorite  breed,  and  are  in 
position  to  shake  hands  with  themselves,  and 

"Hurrah  !  for  the  doddies  ; 
With  their  glossy  black  bodies. 
Hurrah  !  for  the  doddies !  hurrah  !  hurrah  !" 

Rochingham  Co.,  N.  C.  A.  L.  Feench. 


DAIRYING  IN  SOUTHSIDE  VIRGINIA. 

Editor  Southern  Planter  : 

As  I  Irequently  get  letters  asking  what  I  consider 
the  proper  management  of  and  feed  for  cows  in  order 
to  make  them  profitable,  I  concluded  that  I  would 
write  a  short  article  giving  my  experience  with  Hoi- 
stein  cattle  at  the  Grove  Stock  Farm,  Nottoway  coun- 
ty, Ya.  It  may  be  of  interest  to  some  of  your  name 
rous  readers.  These  cows  have  not  been  made  to  do 
their  best,  as  they  were  running  on  a  broom  straw 
field  from  the  Ist  of  May  until  the  10th  of  August. 
Then  I  commenced  t  o  feed  some  green  corn,  peas  and 
such  green  crops  as  were  then  on  hand.  I  milked  on 
an  average  eleven  cows  during  the  year.  From  this 
number  I  sold  $1,623  worth  of  cream  and  skim  milk 
in  the  twelve  months.  This  skim  milk  was  allowed 
to  sour  and  was  used  for  baking  purposes.  One  half 
of  the  skim  milk  was  fed  to  calves  and  hogs.  Each 
cow  had  a  calf  during  the  year,  the  price  of  which 
would  average  $25. 

The  manure  frem  these  cows  is  worth  a  great  deal 
In  bringing  a  farm  up  to  a  high  standard  of  fertility. 
The  daily  ration  per  cow,  when  in  full  flow  of  milk, 
is  two  bushels  of  ensilage,  eight  pounds  of  bran,  and 
all  of  the  cut  coi  n  fodder  they  will  eat  up  clean.  The 
cost  of  this  would  be  as  follows  : 

Ensilage 4c. 

Bran 7c. 

Corn  fodder 2c. 

13c. 

I  feed  this  ration  five  months  of  the  year.  I  feed 
bran  summer  and  winter.  It  pays  to  feed  it  in  warm 
as  well  as  in  cold  weather.  My  experience  is  that 
cows  will  do  better  when  fed  ensilage  in  winter  than 
when  feeding  on  the  best  grass  in  summer.  Ensilage 
is  truly  the  poor  man's  friend.  Think  of  the  amount 
that  can  be  raised  on  an  acre — from  twelve  to  twenty 
tons.  With  ensilage  and  peas  for  feed,  both  of  which 
can  be  produced  at  small  cost,  we  can  raise  cattle  in 
Eastern  Virginia  at  a  profit. 

Nottoway  Co.,  Va.  T.  O.  Sandy. 


POLLED  DURHAHS. 

Editmr  Southern  Planter : 

Many  people  seem  to  get  the  Eed  Polled  and  Polled 
Durham  confused,  or  to  think  the  Polled  Durham  are 
grade  cattle.  I  take  the  opportunity  of  answering  in- 
quiries through  your  valuable  journal. 

The  pure  Shorthorn  branch  of  Polled  Durhams  are 
known  as  "Double  Standards,"  because,  being  of  re- 
corded Shorthorn  ancestry,  they  are  eligible  to  registry 
in  the  Shorthorn  record.  Being  naturally  polled,  they 
are  also  eligible  for  registry  in  the  Polled  Durham 
Eecord.  The  origin  of  the  breed  is  as  follows:  Oak- 
wood  G  Wynne  Fourth,  registered  in  Vol.  15,  p.  803, 
had  loose  horns  or  scurs.  When  bred  to  seventh 
Duke  of  Hillhurst,  34221,  she  dropped  a  pair  of  horn 
less  roan  heifer  calves,  now  named  and  recorded  aa 
Mollie  and  Nellie  Gwynne. 

Oakwood  Gwynne  Fourth  to  the  service  of  Bright 
Eyes  Duke  Eighth,  31874,  produced  a  hornless  red 
bull  calf,  recorded  as  King  of  Kine,  No.  23,  Polled 
Durham  Record,  and  No.  87412,  Shorthora  Herd  Book. 
King  of  Kine,  bred  to  these  heifers,  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  this  popular  breed. 

All  Shorthorn  breeders  know  that  the  Gwynnes  are 
of  the  Princess  family,  from  which  more  noted  dairy 
cows  have  come  than  from  any  other  strain.  The 
Princesses  are  known, wherever  Shorthorns  have  been 
bred,  as  "Milkino-  Shorthorns."  The  Princesses,  too, 
have  the  distinguished  honor  of  the  longest  recorded 
ancestry  found  in  the  Herd  Books.  It  is  a  matter  of 
history  (see  Sander's  Shorthorn  Cattle,  p.  94.  Belve- 
dere, 1706,  of  the  Princess  blood);  that  when  Mr. 
Bates  came  to  the  point  of  calling  on  an  out-cross  to 
reinforce  his  celebrated  Duchess  tribe,  he  bought  Bel- 
vedere, 1706,  in  the  conviction  that  in  all  the  strains 
of  Shorthorn  blood  there  was  none  worthy  to  be  com- 
mingled with  it  but  that  of  the  Princess  blood.  It  was 
a  fortunate  incident  that  so  good  a  family  produced  a 
hornless  animal.  J.  L.  Humbert. 

Albemarle  Co.,  Ya. 

There  is  also  a  single  standard  Polled  Durham  which 
is  only  eligible  for  registry  in  the  Polled  Durham  reg- 
ister.    This  strain  came  originally  from  a  Muley 
and  Shorthorn  bull. — Ed. 


It  may  not  be  gCEerally  believed  that  a  horse  wilJ 
put  on  flesh  more  readily  if  watered  regularly.  A 
light  drink  in  the  morning  before  feeding  will  assist 
very  materially  in  improving  the  digestion  and  gen- 
eral health  of  our  noble  friend. 


Mention  the  Planter  when  corresponding  with  ad- 
vertisers. 


106 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEE. 


[February 


The   Poultry  Yard. 


HATCHING   CHICKENS. 

If  yoQ  intend  to  have  good  winter  laying  hens,  it  is 
time  that  yon  set  about  the  work  of  hatching  the 
chickens  from  which  the  pulleta  which  are  to  be  the 
beet  of  these  layers  are  to  be  selected.  If  large  num- 
bers are  to  be  kept,  you  want  an  incubator  to  do  this 
work.  If  only  a  few  fowls  are  needed,  the  old  hen 
will  meet  the  requirements.  If  you  determine  to  try 
an  incubator,  buy  a  good  one  from  a  reliable  firm 
which  has  a  reputation  to  maintain.  Tou  will  find  all 
the  best  machines  advertised  in  The  Planter.  We  have 
friends  who  are  making  successes  with  nearly  all  the 
different  makes  advertised,  and  therefore  we  do  not 
feel  justified  in  selecting  any  one  maker's  machine  for 
special  commendation.  When  you  have  got  the  ma- 
chine, follow  the  instructions  given  for  operating  it 
closely,  and  do  not  experiment  with  your  own  ideas. 
If  the  machine  is  to  have  a  fair  trial,  operate  it  ac 
cording  to  the  maker's  directions.  If  it  fails,  then  the 
machine  is  at  fault,  and  the  maker  should  be  held  re 
sponsible.  When  you  buy  an  incubator,  buy  a  brooder 
as  well,  or  your  Investment  in  the  incubator  may  be 
a  waste  of  money.  Incubator  chicks  must  have  brooder 
mothers,  or  they  will  make  but  poor  progress  in 
growth.  It  is  true  that  it  is  not  a  difficult  matter  to 
make  a  brooder  which  will  do  good  work,  but 
this  requires  time  and  a  knowledge  of  the  require 
ments  for  maintaining  an  equable  temperature  nei 
ther  too  high  nor  too  low.  Later  in  the  season, 
when  the  weather  is  warm,  this  is  not  a  matter  of  so 
much  importance,  as  the  chicks  are  not  likfly  to  snf 
fer,  even  though  the  temperature  in  the  brooder  may 
not  be  exactly  right.  If  you  do  not  have,  or  intend  to 
have,  an  incubator,  select  some  short  legged,  year  old 
hens,  well  feathered,  and  encourage  them  to  become 
broody  by  leaving  them  some  eggs  in  the  nest  (mark 
these  so  that  they  may  not  get  mixed  with  those  sold 
as  new  laid  eggs),  and  (eed  the  hens  with  a  stimulating 
heating  diet  like  corn  and  warm  maehes.  When  they 
take  to  the  nest,  make  up  nesta  in  a  house  where  the 
other  hens  will  not  disturb  them,  and  give  them  no 
more  than  eleven  eggs  each  at  this  early  season.  The 
house  in  which  they  are  set  should  be  a  warm  house, 
free  from  drafts,  and  not  too  light.  We  prefer  always 
to  set  a  hen  on  the  ground  on  a  dirt  floor,  as  the  mois 
ture  from  the  soil  helps  the  hatching  of  the  eggs.  If 
more  than  one  hf  n  is  set  in  a  house,  cover  each  hen 
with  a  wire  coop  or  put  a  wire  door  before  each  nest. 
This  will  pi  event  the  hens  leaving  their  nests  and 
crowding  two  or  three  on  one  lot  of  eggs  and  spoiling 
the  otheis.  Take  the  hens  off  every  day,  and  feed  and 
water  them  and  air  the  eggs.    See  that  they  return  to 


the  eggs  in  due  time — say  fifteen  minutes  after  being 
taken  off. 


ARTIFICIAL  INCUBATION. 

Editor  of  Southern  Planter. 

It  takes  a  lot  of  big  words  and  long  phrases,  per- 
haps, to  write  an  up  todate  article  on  Incubators,  bat 
some  how  or  other  I  have  been  reasonably  successful 
with  just  common  United  States  language  when  it 
comes  to  the  hatching  question. 

Let  us  be  plain  and  call  things  by  their  right  names. 
A  fertile  egg  is  a  seed  ;  it  must  have  ihe  necessary 
warmth  to  sprout  and  grow — a  temperature  of  103  ;  it 
must,  also  be  cultivated,  the  eggs  must  be  turned,  aired 
and  manipulated  after  nature's  ways. 

A  temperature  of  103  seems  to  be  a  standard,  al- 
though very  few  recognize  that  placing  the  thermom- 
eter differently  would  necessarily  mean  that  it  would 
read  differently,  but  such  is  the  case.  With  the  ther- 
mometer between  the  eggs  showing  103,  the  eame  ther- 
mometer lying  on  the  eggs  would  show  104,  or  if  sus- 
pended above  the  eggs  near  the  tank  it  would  show 
still  more.  I  prefer  placing  the  thermometer  on  the 
eggs,  thus  showing  the  combined  heat  of  the  eggs  and 
the  heat  applied  to  them.  Still  more,  I  prefer  a  varia- 
tion of  temperature  as  tke  hatch  progresses  ;  for  in- 
stance, 102  to  103  first  week,  103  second  week,  and 
104  third  week  ;  this  variation  being  due  to  the  in- 
creased animal  heat  in  the  eggs  as  the  chick  devel- 
ops.    This  temperature  will  bring  good  results. 

There  are  bushels  of  iron  clad  preset  ibed  rules 
about  turning  the  eggs  just  so,  but  my  advice  is  to 
turn  them  as  often  as  you  have  time,  and  air  them 
as  often  as  you  have  time.  I  don't  mean  that  it  would 
be  necessary  to  put  in  your  whole  time  or  even  a  tenth 
of  it  turning  and  airing  the  eggs,  but  I  do  mean  that 
they  should  be  turned  at  least  once  every  day,  and 
twice  every  other  day,  and  that  when  looking  at  the 
thermometer  the  tray  should  be  pulled  out  and  let  the 
eggs  get  a  whiff  of  pure  air.  Why  t  yon  would  ask. 
I  will  tell  you.  Turning  the  egg  ripens  it  clear  around, 
the  germ  comes  to  the  top  ;  every  movement  of  the 
egg  makes  a  corresponding  movement  of  the  embryo 
chick  ;  besides  ripening  the  shell  clear  around,  these 
movements  wake  the  chick  up,  it's  exercise  for  it,  ifc 
moves,  expands  and  develops  its  own  strength ;  this 
principle  applies  to  all  life,  whether  stock  or  eggs ; 
for  instance,  a  stock  breeder  would  not  pen  up  a  dam 
in  close  quarters  to  bring  a  strong  young  one.  There 
is  simply  nothing  mysterious  or  unaacoantable  in 
hatching  eggs ;  a  little  reasoning  in  advance  of  the 
real  thing  explains  most  everything  about  it. 


1903  .j 


THE  80UTKBRN  PLAlirrBE. 


107 


Now  about  moisture.  An  egg  must  get  rid  of  a  lot 
of  moisture  before  it  can  hatch.  Eggs  during  incuba 
tion  get  smaller  and  lighter  ;  this  being  the  case  ap 
plied  moisture  could  not  enter  the  egg.  The  moisture 
and  ventilation  questions  are  so  entwined  with  each 
other  that  the  effects©'  one  are  often  taken  for  the 
effects  of  the  other.  Personally,  I  do  not  believe  in 
dosing  out  the  air  in  prescribed  quantities.  There  is 
lots  said  about  governing  the  siae  of  the  air  cell  by 
opening  or  closing  the  dampers,  but  I  prefer  correct 
and  continuous  ventilation.  If  the  incubator  is  cor 
rectly  fitted  there  need  be  no  dosing  of  the  air  in  z. 
mystical  way  with  dampers.  I  prefer  a  constant  mild 
circulation  of  air,  and  depend  on  airing  the  eggs  in  the 
open  air  to  conform  to  nature's  ways. 

What's  the  good  of  airing  the  eggs  ?  might  be  asked. 
In  answer,  I  will  say  that  the  egg  shells,  like  many 
other  things,  expand  in  heat,  and  contract  in  cjld. 
This  expansion  and  contraction  breaks  down  the 
tough  fibres  of  the  shell,  and  when  the  chick  is  due  to 
hatch  it  can  hatch.  I  am  sure  moisture,  however  light, 
is  good  for  shells,  good  for  the  reason  that  it  affects 
the  shell  only. 

Good  hatches  are  made  with  and  without  moisture. 
Opinions  are  about  equally  divided.  I  am  satisfied,  in 
fact  I  know,  it  does  no  barm  to  apply  a  little  moisture 
directly  to  the  shells  if  the  ventilation  is  sufficient. 
Have  tried  all  the  moisture  plans,  and  plans  without 
moisture,  and  have,  at  this  time,  more  faith  in  the  old 
fashioned  way  of  sprinkling  the  eggs  occasionally  than 
any  new  way. 

The  old  fashioned  sprinkling  is  applied  directly  to 
the  shells,  and  does  not  make  a  heavy,  continuous, 
damp  air  in  the  egg  chamber.  It  does  not  matter 
about  exact  dates  in  sprinkling,  exact  dates  would  be 
nonsense,  but  I  can  guarantee  that  you  will  do  the 
eggs  no  harm  if  you  sprinkle  them  with  tepid  water 
on  the  12th,  15th  and  18th  days. 

Ohio.  M.  M.  Johnson. 


FEEDINQ  FOR  EGOS. 


Editor  Southern  Planter  : 

I  would  not  advise  any  one  who  has  a  good  healthy 
flock  to  undertake  doctoring  them  with  drugs  with  a 
view  to  forcing  egg  production,  either  summer  or  win 
ter.  On  most  farms,  there  are  plenty  of  feeds  that 
would  go  towards  making  a  perfect  balanced  ration, 
if  we  took  advantage  of  them.  The  secret  in  making 
bans  lay.  is  simply  providing  them  with  suitable  feed; 
and  it  is  the  safe  way. 

Corn,  wheat,  oats,  barley  and  millet  seed  are  good 
poultry  feed;  some  do  not  believe  In  corn,  but  their 
reasons  are  mostly  like  the  small  boy's  "because." 


The  Agricultural  Experiment  Stations  tell  us  that 
corn  is  one  of  the  best  feeds  for  poultry,  buti  they  do 
not  tell  us  to  feed  it  exclusively;  still  more,  cool  rea- 
soning would  not  suggest  that  we  feed  it  exclusively. 

The  natural  make  up  of  their  feed  is  a  variety;  a 
little  of  this  and  that  and  constant  exercise  in  procur- 
ing it.  Some  tell  us  to  make  them  t cratch  for  their  feed. 
A  more  correct  way  to  say  it  would  be  to  let  them 
scratch  for  their  feed;  they  would  rather  do  it  than 
not;  besides,  it  does  away  with  gorging  and  encoura- 
ging a  lazy  disposition. 

Corn  exclusively,  or  wheat  or  millet  exclusively,  is 
too  heavy  and  too  rich;  something  to  make  bulk  must 
be  added.  I  know  of  nothing  better  than  wheat  bran  to 
balance  up  a  heavy  rich  food;  it  is  so  common,  though, 
that  it  is  hardly  popular.  Bran  makes  bulk;  not  only 
bulk,  but  it  clears  the  passages  and  keeps  the  diges- 
tive organs  in  condition.  Bran  alone  would  be  too 
light  for  exclusive  food;  besides,  it  would  not  be  in 
line  with  nature  to  feed  nothing  else.  The  craw  is  a 
grinding  mill,  and  we  must  keep  i»  at  work. 

The  different  grains  would  not  be  a  perfect  feed 
alone.  Grass,  insects  and  dozens  of  things  we  hardly 
think  of,  go  towards  completing  the  natural  wants. 
Fowls  on  free  range  usually  find  these  extra  knick- 
knacks;  but  penned  up  fowls,  or  fowls  in  winter,  must 
have  their  equivalent  in  some  form,  or  they  cannot  do 
the  very  beit.  Cut  clover  or  alfalfa  hay,  or  cut  vege 
tables  and  green  cut  bone,  help  to  make  summer  out  of 
winter  as  near  as  it  is  possible.  All  these  things  are 
within  our  reach,  and  the  time  required  to  procure 
them  win  return  a  nice  profit.  These  means  will  bring 
eggs,  and  it  is  the  safe  way.  M.  M.  Johnson. 

Clay  Center,  Neb. 


GREEN  BONES. 


I  never  fed  very  much  green  bone  until  last  fall, 
when  I  started  early  and  fed  all  winter,  and  was  more 
than  paid  for  my  trouble  with  an  abundance  of  eggs. 
In  the  month  of  January,  I  received  more  eggs  than 
in  any  other  month  of  the  year,  but  the  previous  win- 
ters the  eggs  did  not  pay  for  the  chicken  feed.  The 
cost  of  the  green  bone  is  a  mere  trifle,  and  it  requires 
only  an  ounce  to  each  hen  about  every  other  day,  and 
it  is  enjoyed  and  craved  for  above  all  the  other  foods. 
A  bone  mill  is  as  much  a  necessity  to  a  poultryman  as 
an  anvil  is  to  a  blacksmith.  As  an  egg  producer,  a 
bone  producer,  and  a  health  producer,  green  bone  la 
unexcelled.  B.  H.  Sewell. 

Galva,  111. 


When  corresponding  with  advertisers,  kindly  in«a- 
tlon  the  Southern  Planter. 


108 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLAlTrER 


[February 


The   Horse. 


NOTES. 

Imported  Diomed,  thoroughbred  son  of  FJorizel 
and  the  sister  to  Juno,  by  Spectator,  was  a  chestnut 
horse,  foaled  1777,  and  brf  d  by  Sir  C.  Bunbury,  Ei  g- 
land.  He  was  imported  to  Virginia  in  1799,  when  22 
years  old,  and  died  the  property  of  Col  Hoomes,  in 
1808,  aged  31  years.  The  initial  Derby,  probably  the 
most  noted  of  English  classicj  of  that  character,  was 
run  in  1780,  and  won  by  Diomed,  then  three  years 
old,  which  gained  him  distinction,  and  he  was  for  a 
term  of  years  well  patronized  in  the  stud,  but  then 
his  popularity  bf  gan  to  wane,  and  he  was  sold  for 
export  Tn  Virginia,  importtd  Diomed  Eired  such 
horses  as  Ball's  Florizel ;  Euroe,  the  sire  of  American 
Eclipse,  and  Sir  Archy,  who  got  Timoleou,  sire  of  the 
famous  Boston.  What  Diomed  did  toward  the  im- 
provement of  the  thoroughbred  in  this  country  is  a 
matter  of  history,  and  in  its  annals  the  name  of  this 
famous  son  of  Florizel  will  endure  as  long  as  the 
horse  holds  a  place  in  the  afifections  of  the  peoplp. 

Mr.  A.  PoUaid,  who  removed  from  Toronto,  Cana 
da,  during  the  early  part  of  1902,  to  the  Dunraven 
Farm,  three  miles  east  of  Richmond,  reports  that  he 
is  well  pleased  with  his  purchase,  his  determination 
being  to  devote  the  place  mostly  to  breeding,  grazing 
and  rearing  of  live  stock.  The  greater  attention,  how 
ever,  will  be  given  to  horses,  for  which  Dunraven  is 
admirably  adapted  on  account  of  its  location  and  the 
fine  loads  in  the  vicinity.  During  the  past  season, 
Mr.  Pollard  lost  by  death  the  registered  hackney  stal 
lion  Aristocrat,  ches'nut,  foaled  18S9,  by  Bauca,  dam 
Polly,  by  Nf  rfolk  Hero.  Among  the  horses  now  at 
Dunraven  are  Margery,  the  good  looking  half  bred 
hackney  mare,  by  Eo?eberr) .  She  was  foaled  1893, 
and  is  in  foal  to  Aristocrat.  The  yearling  chestnut 
colt,  by  the  tackney  stallion  Squire  Rick  els  out  of 
Margery,  is  a  fine  specimen,  as  also  a  couple  of  fillies, 
viz,  a  black  two  year  old  and  a  yearling  chestnut, 
both  by  Squire  Rickels,  out  of  a  well  made  bay  mare 
of  Morgan  blood.  The  latter  is  owned  on  the  farm, 
and  will  be  mated  this  season  with  some  good  thor- 
oughbred sire,  and  the  prodace  should  make  a  high- 
claas  hunter. 


among  them  the  fine  young  mare  Princess,  of  Ridge- 
field,  by  Prince  Belmont,  now  in  foal  to  the  great 
young  sire  Lynne,  2:10}. 


The  Ainslie  Carriage  Company,  of  this  city,  report 
that  the  season  has  been  a  prosperous  one  and  the  de- 
maud  good  for  all  classes  of  fine  pleasure  and  business 
vehicles.  Among  the  orders  recently  filled  was  one 
for  a  new  ambulance  for  the  Virginia  Hospital,  which 
s  ■^  model  in  point  o'  workmanship,  and  finished  and 
furnisbed  with  all  modern  conveniences.  Mr.  David  A. 
Ainslie,  ths  head  of  this  concern,  sho«s,  among  other 
innovations  at  the  Company's  bi?  warerooms,  a  new 
style  of  runabout  vagon,  the  body  of  which  swings 
higher  and  is  finished  in  gaudy  colors,  wide  stripes 
being  noticeable  and  yellow  the  most  prominent 
shade.  The  carriage  house  of  Ainslie  has  been  estab- 
lished for  generations,  and  as  designers  and  builders 
of  the  highest  class  of  vehicles  has  gained  a  wide 
reputation. 


Dr.  J.  C.  Walton,  prominent  for  years  as  a  physi 
cian  and  railway  surgeon,  also  as  a  breeder  and  owner 
of  light  harness  horses  at  Reid?ville,  N.  C,  has  re 
moved  to  Chase  City,  Va.,  where  he  has  headquarters 
at  "The  Mecklenburg,"  the  elf gant  new  hotel  and 
sanatorium  there,  which  is  under  the  same  manage- 
ment as  "The  Jefferson,"  in  this  city.  Chase  City 
has  become  noted  for  its  lithiaand  chloride  of  calcium 
waters,  while  The  Mecklenburg  has  complete  electri 
cal  and  hydriatic  apparatus,  with  a  splendid  chemical 
and  microscopic  library.  Dr.  Walton  is  the  resident 
physician  at  Chase  City,  and  his  presence  and  wide 
experience  is  likely  to  be  of  lasting  benefit  to  this  new 
health  resort.  During  recent  years,  the  Doctoi  has 
owned  and  driven  such  good  horses  as  Lucy  Ashby, 
2:21}  ;  a  full  sister  to  her,  who  was  sold  for  export ; 
Matie,  2:30i ;  Miss  Parker,  trial,  2:39},  and  others, 


The  imported  Hackney  stallion,  The  Duke,  son  of 
Silver  Star  and  Lady  Fanny,  Rob  Roy,  offered  for  sale 
in  our  advertising  columns  by  T.  O.  Sandy,  of  The 
Grove  Farm,  Burkeville,  Va.,  should  prove  a  most 
desirable  acquisition  to  any  stock  farm  or  breeder  in 
search  of  a  horse  whose  get  develop  into  well  made, 
handsome  and  serviceable  horses.  The  Duke  is  regis- 
tered in  both  the  English  and  American  Hackney  Stud 
Books.  He  is  well  preserved,  unusually  vigorous,  and 
in  rugged  health,  while  kind  and  tractable  in  harness 
and  under  the  saddle.  This  good  stallion  will  be  sold 
at  a  price  which  he  can  more  than  earn  if  placed  in 
proper  hands  in  a  single  season.  Statements  made  by 
Mr.  Sandy  can  be  relied  on,  and  he  will  be  pleased  to 
furnish  full  particulars. 


Capt.  C.  B.  Denson,  widely  known  as  a  soldier, 
statesman  and  scholar,  and  for  more  than  a  quarter  of 
a  century  past  prominently  identified  with  the  affairs  of 
the  North  Carolina  Agricultural  Society  in  the  capac- 
ity of  secretary,  treasurer  and  member  of  the  Board 
of  Directors,  died  at  Raleigh  on  January  15th,  his 
death  being  due  to  general  debility,  at  the  age  65. 
Capt.  Denson  was  born  at  Suffolk,  Va.,  September  29, 
1837,  but  had  passed  the  greater  part  of  his  life  in 
North  Carolina. 

Broad  Rock. 


The  thoroughbred  stallion.  Saint  Charles,  out  of 
Carita,  by  Saint  Blaise,  owned  by  D.  H.  Barger,  pro- 
prietor of  "Walnut Grove"  Farm,  and  L.  E.  Johnson, 
vice  president  and  general  manager  of  the  Norfolk  and 
Western  Railway,  has  been  given  by  these  gentlemen 
to  the  Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute  and  Experiment 
Station,  at  Blacksburg.  Saint  Charles  is  one  of  the 
best  bred  horses  in  America,  and  is  a  great  acquisition 
to  the  pure -bred  stock  of  the  farm.  The  thanks  of  the 
people  are  due  these  gentlemen  for  their  liberility. 


1902-] 


THE  80UTHEEN  PLANTEB. 


109 


riiscellaneous. 


FORESTRY— PRACTICAL. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

The  Division  of  Forestry  of  the  National  Govern- 
ment in  recent  years  has  given  much  attention  to  the 
improvement  of  forestry  and  the  prevention  of  the 
destruction  of  the  timber  of  the  country.  The  im- 
mense devastation  of  property  by  forest  fires,  which 
sweep  over  the  extensive  mountain  territory  annually, 
leaves  a  charred  and  blackened  district  repulsive  to 
the  eye  and  destructive  to  the  fond  expectation  and 
hopes  of  the  dwellers  on  the  surrounding  farms,  many 
losing  their  fences  and  also  their  humble  homes,  filled 
with  terror  in  danger  of  their  personal  safety.  The 
desolation  can  be  more  easily  imagined  than  described. 
The  beautiful  Blue  Ridge,  once  the  pride  and  resource 
of  the  Valley  of  Virginia,  now,  in  large  part,  periodi- 
cally i3  made  to  resemble  a  smoking  volcano,  denuded 
of  her  valuable  forests  and  the  population  discouraged. 
Other  mountain  districts  of  the  State,  suffering  like 
wastes  of  immense  values.  The  causes  of  these  fires 
are  numerous,  but  a  majority  of  them  from  moat  trivial 
and  unpardonable  recklessness,  neglect,  don't  care  and 
badness.  The  public  and  private  persons  have  snfifered 
so  long  and  so  frequently  from  "the  fire  fiend"  that 
this  great  evil  has  been  regarded  as  a  matter  of  course, 
and  a  resort  Is  sometimes  had  to  insurance.  But  this 
does  not  restore  the  forestry  which  has  gone  up  in 
smoke.  It  only  transfers  the  loss  from  one  pocket  to 
another.     The  value  is  irretrievably  wasted. 

A  remedy  proposed  by  the  Forestry  Division  is  to 
arouse  public  sentiment  and  direct  it  in  an  organized 
and  effective  action  to  express  by  suitable  official  vigi 
lance,  strengthened  by  official  legislation.  The  time 
has  passed  for  continued  indulgence  In  a  slipshod  neg 
lect,  "I  didn't  think,"  "I  don't  care,"  or  a  "defective 
flue,"  to  satisfy  the  reasonable  and  just  demand  of  a 
thinking  and  moral  civilization.  Those  who  are  inca- 
pable of  handling  the  many  modern  combustibles  can 
be  taken  care  of  by  the  State.  An  aroused  and  vigilant 
public  sentiment  can  save  more  values  from  destruction 
annually  than  any  increased  toil  and  enterprise  can 
replace.  If  we  would  have  capital  and  immigration 
come  to  Virginia,  we  must  show  a  resolute  disposition 
to  protect  both  by  intelligent  methods.  But  to  return 
to  forestry  proper.  At  once  measures  should  be  em- 
ployed to  restore  the  denuded  places  in  the  farm  for- 
ests by  plantations  of  walnut,  locust,  white  oak,  hick- 
ory and  other  timbers.  It  is  entirely  practicable.  If 
prompt  action  is  taken,  there  can  still  beiseed  from 
last  J  ear's  crop  gathered.  Do  not  conclude  that  the 
profit  is  too  remote.  The  cost  will  be  small  in  labor 
and  expense.     It  will  be  a  goodjinvestment  for  poster. 


ity.  It  will  add  value  to  the  farm,  if  for  sale.  Cases 
are  reported  by  the  papers  of  remarkable  success  in 
the  boost  of  values  produced  in  ten  to  fifteen  years. 
The  annual  value  of  the  growth  of  new  timber  on  our 
barren  wastes,  if  protected  from  fire,  would  increase 
from  year  to  year  until  in  twenty-five  to  forty  years  it 
would  amount,  at  a  low  estimate,  to  $500,000,  or  per- 
haps $1,000,000.  The  necessities  of  the  State  will  con- 
tinue with  the  lapse  of  time.  A  wise  forecast  demands 
attention  to  this  waste  of  public  and  private  resources. 
If  we  have  a  government,  it  should  govern.  If  it  is 
"up  to  date,"  it  should  immediately  suppress  this  In- 
dian lelic  of  barbarism  and  stupid  indifference  to  the 
future  prosperity  of  Virginia. 

Augusta  Co.,  Va  Peo  Bono  Publico. 

This  appeal  for  attention  to  our  forest  valnes  comes 
from  one  who  was  long  honored  with  the  confidence  of 
his  fellow  citizens  as  their  representative  in  the  Legis- 
lature, and  who  only  retired  when  the  pressure  of  long 
years  made  the  burden  of  attention  too  onerous.  He 
is  one  of  the  far-sighted  and  thinking  men  of  the  State, 
yet  withal  most  conservative  in  hi  i  views,  and  what 
he  says  ought  to  have  great  weight  given  to  it.  "We 
are  heartily  in  sympathy  with  his  views. — Ed. 


LIVE  STOCK  A  NECESSITY. 

Editor  Southern  Planter : 

Age  usually  brings  infirmities,  but  after  the  lapse  of 
more  than  sixty  years.  The  Southern  Planter  comes  to 
us  rejuvenated  as  if  she  had  bathed  herself  in  the 
fountain  of  youth. 

Tour  last  issue  has  determined, 'in  my  mind,  that 
you  have  found  the  philosopher'sjstone.  If  there  is 
any  one  thing  that  the  Southern  ifarmer  must  learn, 
either  sooner  or  later,  it  is  that  all  successful  agricul- 
ture has  a  sure  and  abiding, foundation  in  stock  rais- 
ing. It  is  a  pity  that  your.last  number  could  not  find 
its  way  into  every  Southern  'home.  As  a  boy  at  the 
beginning  of  the  war,  liwas  sent  to  school  in  East  Vir- 
ginia, and  when  I  came  back  my  father  was  greatly 
amused  at  my  impression  of  the  country.  Its  vast 
sedge  fields,  red  and'guUied  hillsides  and  scrub  pine 
forest,  gave  to  my  youthful  mind^ia  weird  and  deso- 
late picture.  My  frequent  visits  li to  that  part  of  the 
State  since  has  never  rellevedimy  mind  of  those  early 
impressions.  The  good  oldi  days;  of  yore  have  de- 
parted. The  negro  as  a  farm  laborer  is  a  thing 
of  the  past.  Tobacco  must  in  i  part  be  supplanted  by 
clover  and  peas,  and  they  in^tumlby  other  cultivated 
grasses  and  followed  by'cattle,  sheep  and  hogs.  When 
that  happy  day  shalljcome,  then  your  brightest  hopes 
and  the  labor  of  all  these  :years^will  have  found  their 
full  fruition  and  01d];Virginla  will. blossom  as  the  rose. 


110 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[February 


It  is  time  that  Sonthwestem  and  Eastern  Virginia 
shonld  become  acquainted.  Tt  was  my  good  pleasure, 
some  months  ago,  to  introduce  to  our  people  a  gentle 
man  from  Orange  county,  and  before  he  left  he  bought 
ten  head  of  thoroughbred  Angus  cows  and  heifers 
from  one  of  our  breeders,  and  he  went  away  happy, 
because  he  found  here  what  he  wanted  at  prices  much 
lees  than  if  he  had  gone  North  for  them.  If  more  of 
such  wide  awake  farmers  could  be  induced  to  venture 
this  way,  they  would  realize  what  it  is  to  be  a  stock 
raiser,  and  they  would  aho  see  a  fine  grass  country 
with  plenty  of  fine  cattle,  sheep  and  hogs,  and  find  a 
prosperous,  sleek  and  saucy  yeomanry. 

PulasU  Co.,Va.  ,  B.E.Watson. 

Accept  thanks  for  your  kind  words  and  compli 
menta.  May  the  day  of  grass,  forage  crops  and  live 
stock  soon  come  to  every  farmer  in  the  South.  Then 
truly  will  he  be  in  the  way  of  prospeiity.— Ed. 


TIDEWATER  (VIRGINIA)  NOTES. 

Editor  Southern  Planter : 

I  want  to  write  you  of  a  little  patch  of  turnips 
grown  by  one  of  our  friends  who  has  a  habit  of 
calling  on  us  now  and  then,  and  he  always  has  a 
pleasant  effect— something  like  a  strengthening 
plaster  on  a  weak  back.  It  makes  us  feel  better 
long  after  he  has  gone,  because  he  lias  a  way  of  put- 
ting matters  up  in  a  cheerful  sort  of  way,  which 
makes  one  more  hopeful  and  more  happy  than  be- 
fore his  visit. 

In  February,  1902,  he  planted  two  acres  in  pota- 
toes—a small  patch  by  itself— and  dug  therefrom  in 
June  90  barrels  of  fine  potatoes,  which  he  sold  at 
$3.25  per  barrel. 

The  last  week  in  August  he  sowed  the  two  acres 
to  clover,  and  mixed  with  his  clover  seed  25  cents 
worth  of  turnip  seed,  sowing  both  with  one  hand, 
one  motion  and  one  time. 

Now  he  has  finished  harvesting  or  pulling  fully 
1,000  bushels  of  turnips  from  the  two  acres,  and  his 
clover  is  looking  fine  and  promises  three  good  cut- 
tings next  year,  good  for  not  less  than  five  tons  to 
the  acre. 

Where  land  can  be  so  handled,  there  surely  is 
profit  in  tilling  the  soil.  On  being  asked  if  the 
pulling  of  the  turnips  did  not  injure  the  clover,  he 
replied:  "No;  the  stirring  up  of  the  soil  did  not 
dislocate  the  clover.  On  the  contrary,  it  operated 
as  a  sort  of  cultivation  of  the  clover,  and  it  grew 
faster  than  ever." 

Upon  another  patch  of  two  acres,  adjoining  the 
first  two  acres  mentioned,  he  sowed  clover  alone, 


and  the  seed  potatoes,  or  potatoes  left  in  the  ground 
from  the  potato  digging  in  June,  came  up  thickly 
through  the  clover,  and  about  the  middle  of  Decem- 
ber he  went  through  and  pulled  up  the  potato  vines 
and  saved  14  barrels  of  fine  potatoes  for  winter's  use 
and  to  plant  in  the  spring. 

Your  readers  can  figure  out  the  profit  of  such 
farming.  They  have  plenty  of  time  when  the 
Northern  winter  rules  at  the  North,  East  and  West. 
Here  it  is — viz.:  "  Forty-five  barrels  of  potatoes  to 
the  acre,  and  500  bushels  of  turnips  in  one  season, 
and  the  land — the  acre — in  a  fine  stand  of  clover 
for  another  year.  Potatoes  sold  for  $3.25  per  bar- 
rel, and  the  turnips  worth  fully  20  cents  per  bushel 
to  feed  on  the  farm  and  cost  only  25  cents  for  seed 
for  two  acres  and  the  cost  of  harvesting  the  crop." 

This  is  not  a  big  thing,  it  is  true.  But  still  it  may 
be  called  a  big  little  thing,  which  can  be  repeated 
and  duplicated  upon  every  farm  in  Eastern  Vir- 
ginia, especially  on  each  farm  which  lies  under  the 
warm  and  genial  influences  of  the  "Gulf  Stream." 

This  same  farmer  has  200  acres  of  cleared  land 
in  cultivation,  but  cultivates  only  a  small  portion 
thereof  himself,  renting  out  the  balance  to  colored 
farmers,  who  handle  the  land  under  his  direction. 
He  dictates  or  stipulates  what  crops  are  to  be  grown 
and  how  the  soil  is  to  be  handled,  and  under  his 
instruction  both  the  soil  and  the  tenant  prosper. 

It  is  not  so  where  the  tenant  rents  from  year  to 
year  and  has  his  own  way.  That  is  one  great  rea- 
son why  Virginia  lands,  as  a  rule,  do  not  improve. 
They,  under  the  tenant  system,  have  been  robbed 
for  years  and  years. 

Our  farmer  referred  to  above  does  not  consider  it 
any  trick  at  all  to  grow  45  barrels  of  potatoes  to  the 
acre  and  500  bushels  of  turnips  on  the  same  land 
in  one  growing  season,  and  then  leave  the  land  in 
such  a  fine  stand  of  clover  as  to  yield  him  five  tons 
of  good  hay  the  next  year,  worth,  right  on  the  farm 
where  grown,  fully  $10  per  ton.  Land  so  handled 
pays  well.    Land  so  handled  improves  each  year. 

The  soil,  the  climate,  and  the  markets  permit  the 
intelligent  owner  here  to  handle  his  land  just  as  a 
skillful  teamster  handles  his  team.  We  want  more 
clover;  more  stock;  more  general  farming.  The 
farmer  referred  to  above  did  not  wait  for  "  things  to 
turn  up,"  but  he  "turned  out"  a  tater  crop  and  then 
"  turned  up  a  turnip  crop ; "  and  when  the  "  returns  " 
are  all  in  for  the  year,  there  will  be  no  "  sheriff's  re- 
turns" to  disturb  the  dreams  or  interfere  with  the 
peace  of  mind  of  the  "turnip"  grower. 

It  is  just  so  with  this  same  farmer  with  his  cow- 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAirTBR. 


Ill 


peas  and  his  corn.  He  grows  the  best  and  largest 
crops  of  peas  and  corn  of  any  man  in  his  section, 
and  he  does  it  "just  as  easy  as  falling  off  a  log." 
He  does  not  get  out  so  very  early  in  the  morning, 
nor  does  he  stay  out  in  the  fields  at  work  late  at 
night. 

He  does  not  do  a  real  hard  day's  work  in  the  year. 
But  he  manages  matters.  The  principal  ingredients 
in  his  management  are  simply  "git,"  "grit"  and 
"gumption,"  with  a  very  strong  emphasis  on  the 
last-named  qualification. 

If  our  Virginia  farmers,  as  a  rule,  would  "  turn 
up"  the  soil  a  little  more  vigorously,  and  engage 
more  in  the  raising  of  turnips  and  such  like  crops, 
and  "turn  up"  at  the  country  grocery  a  little  less 
frequently  to  discuss  politics,  a  wave  of  prosperity 
would  sweep  over  the  Old  Dominion  sufficiently 
large  and  strong  enough  to  crowd  out  all  the 
croakers. 

Let  us  dig  up  new  ideas  and  new  methods  ;  tur^i 
up  new  soil  with  new  implements,  and  beat  the 
world  in  results,  as  we  already  excel  all  other  sec- 
tions in  great  natural  and  acquired  advantages. 

Norfolk,  Va.  A.  Jeffers. 


NOTES. 

I  have  observed  that  plowing  is  the  work  that  makes 
corn.  The  stalk  does  not  need  a  large  hill  of  dirt 
heaped  np  around  it  to  become  "baked"  and  com 
pressed;  but  the  earth  being  made  loose  around  it  is 
the  prime  necessity. 

If  the  fence  rows  are  not  kept  clean  and  free  from 
briers  and  bushes,  the  rails  will  rot  and  the  fence  will 
settle  down  to  a  rotten  mass. 

Fowls  will  do  much  better  if  they  can  be  allowed  the 
"run"  of  a  stretch  of  woodland  upon  the  farm  instead 
of  being  confined  in  close  unhealthy  quarters.  They 
will  present  a  much  neater  and  cleaner  appearance 
nnder  such  conditions,  and  the  man  who  comes  round 
with  the  poultry  wagon  will  notice  the  difference. 

Ton  cannot  get  more  strength  from  the  horse  than 
you  give  him  through  his  feed.  The  horse  is  the  farm- 
er's best  friend,  and  he  should  be  more  than  half 
cared  for. 

There  is  nothing  like  doing  everything  on  the  farm 
at  the  proper  time.  A  few  day's  delay  of  work  while 
the  weeds  are  growing  will  make  extra  work.  If  the 
farmer  gets  behind  hand  with  his  work,  it  is  most 
probably  his  own  fault. 

Dickenson  Co.,  Va.        T'rank  Moneoe  Bevekly, 

Mention  the  Plcmtar  t»  yonr  friendn. 


READING  FARflERS 

Editor  Southern  Planter : 

It  is  a  question  well  worth  consideiing,  how  little 
reading  is  done  by  farmers,  and  how  well  satisfied 
they  are  without  it. 

A  vast  number  of  our  land-owners  go  on  year  after 
year  doing  the  s»me  things  their  fathers  did  before 
them,  in  the  same  old  wajs,  and  generally  with  the 
same  results,  contentedly  asking  nothing  better. 

No  thought  is  given  new  ways  and  means  that  are 
daijy  coming  in  use  to  shorten  and  make  work  easier 
and  more  profitable,  the  success  of  the  reading  man 
often  being  attributed  to  unfairness  and  greed. 

There  is  something  new  under  the  sun,  and  it  only 
remains  for  men  to  avail  themselves  of  such  know- 
ledge as  will  benefit  them  in  their  life  work. 

A  reading  farmer  has  a  decided  advantage  over  his 
neighbor  who  does  not  read,  and  he  is  very  quick  to 
use  this  advantage  to  the  detriment  of  his  non-reading 
neighbor;  and  why  shouldn't  he!  He  knows  from 
his  agricultural  journal  that  prices  are  higher  on  all 
cattle  this  week  than  they  were  last.  He  knows  that 
hogs  are  higher  in  price  and  scarcer  than  ever.  He 
also  knows  that  fodder  and  hay  need  only  to  be  seen 
to  bring  fancy  prices. 

This  much  he  has  learned  from  the  market  quota- 
tions he  has  taken  pains  to  have  in  hand  ;  consequent- 
ly, he  is  on  the  alert  for  the  non-reading  farmer  who 
labors  without  this  knowledge. 

His  watchful  eye  tells  him  where  to  go  to  find  cer- 
tain farm  products,  cattle,  &c.,  that  the  careless  far- 
mer must  dispose  of  in  order  to  live,  and  thither  he 
goes. 

The  non  reader  sells,  and  is  glad  to  do  so,  thinking 
of  his  necessities,  not  of  the  possibilities  of  the  future, 
with  which  he  would  b  e  familiar  but  for  shortsighted- 
ness, stinginess,  or,  what  is  oftener,  self  conceit,  some- 
times called  lack  of  time. 

Many  men  know  too  much  for  their  own  good;  very 
often  they  are  so  full  of  their  own  ideas  concerning 
things  that  no  room  remains  to  imbibe  ideas  of  men 
better  informed ;  in  other  words,  they  are  self  sufifi- 
cient  and  suffer  blindly,  while  they  labor  with  no 
visible  success,  ascribing  failure  to  everything  except 
themselves. 

Farm  papers,  and  good  ones,  are  to  be  had  for  a 
mere  song  in  this  day  of  enlightenment.  A  man  must 
own  himself  behind  the  times  who  does  not  read  and 
keep  abreast  of  the  times.  While  no  one  will  as- 
sert that  every  idea  contained  in  a  farm  paper  is  in- 
fallible, yet  the  wheat  can  be  sifted  from  the  chaff, 
and  a  man  with  good  common  sense,  willing  to  learn, 
can  cull  a  vast  amount  of  information  in  a  year's  time 
beside  helping  the  press  to  disseminate  the  knowledge 
in  fields  where  it  is  possibly  more  needed. 


112 


THE  80UTHEEN  PLANTEB. 


[February 


A  wide  awake  business  man  or  woman  must  read 
or  suffer  themselves  to  be  justly  called  old-fashioned 
and  out  of  date. 

Knowledge  is  now  no  more  a  fouatain  sealed. 

Jno.  F.  Payne. 


PROPOSED  STOCK  LAW  FOR  THE  STATE  OF 
VIRGINIA. 

A  bill  to  prevent  live  stock  from  running  at  large  and 
trespassing  upon  the  lands  of  others  wlttin  the 
State,  or  tanging  upon  the  public  highways  thereof, 
and  authorizing  the  holding  of  an  election  on  the 
petition  of  freeholders  of  any  county,  to  determine 
whether  such  county  or  district  shall  be  subject  to 
the  provisions  of  this  act. 

1.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  Vir- 
ginia, That  it  shall  be  unlawful  for  the  owner  or  man- 
ager of  any  horse,  mule,  cow,  sheep,  swine,  cattle  or 
goat,  or  any  herd  of  such  live  stock,  to  permit  the 
same  to  go  or  range  at  large  or  trespass  upon  the 
lands  of  others  within  this  State,  or  range  upon  pub 
lie  highways  thereof  unattended,  or  to  permit  such 
live  stock  to  range  over  or  upon  the  public  highways 
of  the  Commonwealth  for  the  purpose  of  grazing 
thereon.  For  each  and  eve  y  violation  of  the  forego 
ing  provision,  the  owner  of  such  animal,  or  herd  of 
animals,  shall  be  proceeded  against  as  prescribed  in 
sections  2,042,  2,049  and  2,050of  the  Code  of  Virginia 
of  1887,  and  bs  subject  to  the  fines  prescribed  in  said 
sections;  provided,  however,  that  this  act  shall  not 
apply  to  any  lands  or  territory  within  the  limits  of 
any  incorporated  city  or  town  of  this  Commonwealth. 

2.  Whenever  a  petition  shall  be  presented  to  the 
circuit  court  of  any  county  of  this  Commonwealth, 
signed  by  a  majority  of  the  freeholders  cf  such  county, 
or  any  magisterial  district  within  such  county,  peti- 
tioning said  court  to  order  an  election  of  the  qualified 
voters  thereof  to  determine  whether  such  county  or 
district  thereof  shall  be  subject  to  the  provisions  of 
this  act,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  such  circuit  court  to 
order  an  election,  to  be  held  within  sixty  days  from 
the  presentation  of  such  petition,  within  such  county 
or  d&trlct,  as  the  case  may  be,  notice  of  which  elec 
tion  shall  be  published  once  a  week  for  four  succes- 
sive weeks  in  such  of  the  _  ewspapers  published  in  such 
county  if  it  be  a  county  election  or  such  newspapers  pub- 
lished in  the  district,  if  it  be  a  district  election,  as  the 
couJt  making  the  order  may  designate,  and  also  by  no- 
tices posted  at  each  voting  precinct  within  said  «ounty 
or  district  requiring  an  election  to  be  held  to  determine 
the  question  whether  such  county  or  district  will  be 
subject  to  the  provisions  hereof,  the  question  to  be 
voted  upon  and  printed  or  written  upon  the  ballot 
shall  be  ''for  the  stock  law,"  or  "against  the  stock 
law,"  which  election  shall  be  held,  canvassed  and  re- 
turned in  the  mode  prescribed  by  law  for  the  holding, 
canvassing  and  returning  of  county  elections,  and  if 
a  majority  of  all  the  votes  cast  shall  be  against  the 
stock  law,  then,  and  in  that  event  only,  the  provis 
ions  of  this  act  shall  not  apply  in  such  county  or  dis- 
trict, and  which  return  shall  be  duly  certified  by  the 
commissioners  of  election  to  the  said  circuit  court,  and 
it  shall  be  the  duty  of  said  court  to  enter  of  record  the 


result  of  such  election,  and  if  it  be  determined  against 
the  application  of  the  law  to  the  county  or  district, 
the  said  court  shall  in  its  order  so  declare  and  deter- 
mine, and  thereafter  this  act  shall  be  of  no  force  in 
such  county  or  district. 

3.  Nothing  in  this  act  shall  be  construed  to  alter  or 
change  the  laws  now  in  force  in  reference  to  the  fencing 
of  lines  of  railroads  and  right  of  way  thereof  through 
this  Commonwealth,  nor  to  amend  or  repeal  the  exist- 
ing laws  in  force  in  any  of  the  counties  of  this  Com- 
monwealth in  regard  to  the  trespassing  of  stock  where 
no  fence  is  required. 

4.  This  act  shall  be  in  force  after  January  1,  1904. 
This  is  the  form  in  which  Mr.  Leake's  bill  has  come 

fiom  the  Committee  of  the  House.  Whilst  not  alto- 
gether what  we  should  like,  it  is  an  improvement  on 
the  existing  laws  and  should  have  the  support  of  all 
farmers.  We  would  like  to  see  every  man's  line  made 
his  fence,  and  every  crossing  of  this  line  by  man  or 
beast  be  at  the  peril  of  the  trespasser. — Ed. 


Feed  for  Hens — Service  of  Sow. 

Will  you  please  tell  me  what  amount  of  feed  and 
what  hind  to  give  to  chickens.  I  have  got  50  laying 
hens  and  get  but  very  few  eggs.  I  am  afraid  I  have 
got  them  too  fat,  although  I  keep  them  scratching  all 
the  time.  My  chickens  are  yarded  and  I  feed  them 
fresh  bone  every  other  day.  I  also  have  50  puUeta 
and  I  am  not  getting  very  many  eggs  from  them. 

Also,  will  you  please  tell  me  if  it  is  advisable  to  keep 
a  boar  with  the  sow  all  the  time  or  just  when  she  is 
ready  for  service  t 

I  always  have  grit  and  oyster  shells  before  my 
chickens. 

Gloucester  Co. ,  Va.  Peed  Schway. 

If  our  correspondent  will  refer  to  our  last  October 
and  November  issues  he  will  find  this  subject  of  feed- 
ing hens  for  egg  production  very  fully  discussed.  If 
the  hens  are  fat,  no  way  of  feeding  will  make  them  lay. 
They  must  be  reduced  in  flesh  by  short  feeding  and 
plenty  of  exercise.  Feed  plenty  of  green  food,  or  in 
its  absence  roots. 

Put  the  boar  to  the  sow  only  when  in  service,  and 
after  service  take  him  away. — Ed. 


THE  CHESTNUT  QOINQ. 


The  former  millions  of  wild  pigeons  of  Ashtabula 
county,  O. ,  says  the  Jefferson  Sentinel,  are  only  known 
to  the  "oldest  inhabitant,"  and  now  the  chestnut,  the 
king  of  all  nuts  for  boys,  will  soon  only  be  known 
as  a  cultivated  nut.  Parties  at  Harriman,  Tenn.,  are 
preparing  to  locate  a  mill  for  grinding  chestnut  tim- 
ber into  pulp  for  tanning  purposes.  It  is  proposed  to 
consume  one  hundred  cords  per  day.  At  this  rate, 
and  with  the  destruction  the  hard  headed  borer  is  do- 
ing, chestnuts  to  eat  will  soon  be  a  thing  of  the  past. 
In  the  early  set  clement,  chestnuts,  it  is  said  by  early 
settlers  in  Tennessee,  were  so  abundant  that  the  In- 
dians, after  burning  the  leaves  off  the  ground,  would 
pick  them  up  roasted  and  sell  them  at  the  stores  for  6i 
centa  per  bushel. — Country  Gentleman 


1903] 


THE  80UTHBEN  PLAITTEB. 


113 


THE 


Southern  Planter 

PUBLISHED  BY 

HE  SOITBERN  PLANTER  P0BLISHIN6  GOIP'T, 

RIOHKOND,  VA. 

IbSITED   on    IST   OF   EACH   MoNTH. 


J.  F.  JACKSON, 
Editor  and  General  Manager. 

B.  MORGAN  SHEPHKRD, 
BUBINSSS  Manaosb. 


TERMS  FOR  ADVERTISING. 
Bate  card  fUmlKhed  on  application. 


TERMS  OF  SUBSCRIPTION. 

me  BontberB  PlaHt«r  i«  mailed  to  sub- 
svlban  In  the  United  States  and  Canada  at 
503,  per  annam ;  all  foreign  oountrlei  and  the 
Oity  of  Richmond,  75c. 

Remittanoes  should  be  made  direct  to  this 
OlBo*,  either  by  Registered  Letter  or  Money 
Order,  which  will  be  at  our  risk.  When  made 
otherwiie  we  cannot  be  responsible. 

Wa  iMTlte  Farmers  to  write  ui  on  any 
•Crlcaltural  topic.  We  are  alway«  pleased  to 
raoeive  practical  articles.  Criticism  of  Artl- 
aleo,  Suggestions  How  to  Improve  Thi 
Plahtir,  Descriptions  of  New  Grains,  Roots, 
or  Vegetables  not  generally  known.  Particu- 
lar* of  Experiments  Tried,  or  Improved 
Methods  of  Oultivation  are  each  and  all  wel- 
•oma.  Contributions  sent  us  must  not  be  ftir- 
nlahed  other  papers  until  after  they  hare  ap- 
Beared  in  our  columns.  Rejected  matter  will 
M  returned  on  receipt  of  postage. 

Address-         THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER, 

RICH  mono,  VA. 


Detail  Index  to  Enquirer's 
Column. 

Planting  Bermuda  Grass 87 

Grass  for  Past  .re 88 

Nitrate  of  Soda  on  the  Oat  Crop 88 

Canada  Peas — Angora  Goats 88 

Rotation  of  Crops 88 

Peas  and  Sorghum 88 

Cow  Peas,  Soy  Beans,  Crimson  Clover, 

Rape,&c 89 

Horse  Training — Artichokes 89 

Corn-Growing 89 

To  Kill  Wire  Grass 89 

Maintaining  Fertility  of  Land— Dor- 
set   Sheep — .~heep    for    Mountain 

Land 89 

Nitrate  of  Soda  for  Wheat 90 

Grinding  Bones  for  Fertilizer — Prep- 
aration for  Corn— Melon  Growing,  90 

Alfalfa  Growing 90 

Cotton  Fertilizer —English  Peas 91 

Grass  Seeding 92 

Pecans— Grass  Seed 92 

Improving  Mountain  Land 92 

Fertilizer  for  Grass  and  Clover 92 

Artichokes —Best    Cross    for   Grade 

Hogs 93 

Cattle  Dying — Texas  Fever  or  Black- 
leg— Lice  on  Hogs 93 

Angora  Goats 93 

Clover  Seeding 94 

Alfalfa 94 

Green  Croos  for  Hogs — Sick  Hogs 94 

Fertilizer  for  Garden  Crops— Lettuce,  95 

Tomato-Growing 95 

Hen  Manure 95 

Budding  Peaches 95 

Holstein-Friesian  Associations 95 

Feed  for  Hens — Service  of  Sow 112 


PUBLISHER'S  NOTES. 


Our  January  L  sue. 

We  have  been  the  recipients  of 
congratulations  without  number 
on  our  January  issue,  and  what 
has  been,  and  still  is  more  pleas- 
ing to  us,  of  hundreds  of  new  sub- 
scriptions. For  these  favors,  we 
beg  to  tender  our  warmest  thanks 
and  aesure  those  who  have  sent 
the  messages  and  subscriptions 
that  it  will  be  our  constant  en- 
deavor to  merit  the  same  by  de- 
votion to  the  interests  of  agricul- 
tural advancement  in  the  South. 
We  would  ask  that  all  to  whom 
we  have  sent  sample  copies  of  the 
January  issue  will  carefully  read 
and  examine  the  same,  and  note 
particularly  the  low  yearly  sub- 
scription. We  feel  assured  that  if 
they  do  this,  we  may  confidently 
count  upon  receiving  their  sub- 
scription to  the  journal.  We  asked 
in  our  last  issue  that  each  old  sub- 
scriber should  send  us  at  least  one 
new  subscription  with  their  own 
renewal.  Hundreds  have  done 
this,  and  hundreds  more  have 
sent  us  two  new  names  with  their 
own  renewal  at  our  special  rate. 
May  we  again  urge  this  request. 
There  are  still  thousands  of  South- 
ern farmers  who  take  no  agricul- 
tural journal.  They  cannot  ex- 
pect to  make  advancement  in  their 
calling  until  they  become  readers 
and  students  of  the  facts,  princi- 
ples and  science  underlying  the 
scientific  cultivation  of  the  soil, 
and  the  breeding  and  feeding  of 
live  stock.  If  they  will  read  The 
Planter  regularly,  and  practice 
what  it  teaches,  they  will  soon  see 
better  results  from  their  labors, 
and  cease  to  complain  that  "farm- 
ing does  not  pay,"  Every  one  of 
our  r'egular  subscribers  knows  of 
neighbors  who  never  read  an  ag- 
ricultural paper.  See  some  of 
these   men,   and    try   to   interest 


'S  "TRADE  MARK" 

Farm  Seeds 

are  the  best  that  can  be  obtained 
— free  from  weed  seeds  and  impur- 
ities and  of  st  ong  germinating 
qualities.  It  is  very  important  if 
you  desire  to  secure  good  stands 
and  good  crops  to  purchase  the 
highest  grade  seeds  obtainable. 
This  you  can  always  do  by  pur- 
chasing ■'  Wood's  Trade  Mark 
Brand  "  of  Farm  Seeds. 

Wood's  New  Seed  Book  for  1903 

mailed  on  request  tells  all  about 

Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds, 
Grass  and  Clover  Seeds, 

Seed  Potatoes,  Seed  Oats, 
Tobacco,  Seed  Corn, 
Cow  Peas,  Soja,  Velvet  and 
Navy  Beans,  Sorghums, 
Broom  Corn,  Kaffir  Corn, 
Peanuts,  Millet  Seed,  etc. 
Write  for  Seed  Book  and  prices 
of  any  Farm  Seeds  required, 

T.  W.  WOOD  &  SONS, 

Seedsmen,    Richmond,  Va, 


THE   "LANSINQ"   PERFECT 
TUBULAR    SILO 

IS  THE    BEST  SILO   MADE. 


A.  M.  D.  HOLLOWAY, 

Builders'  Exchange,  Phila.,  Pa.,  D.  S.  A 

Write  for  Catalogue  and  price. 

"BOYS  AND  GIRLS."    Send  for  latest 

game  out,  "  The  Magic  Orarle."    .Sent  by  return 

mail  witli  our  large,  new  illustrated  catalogue, 

for  only  lOcts,  in  coin  (no  stanipe). 

1      STANDARD  SPECIALTY  CO.,  Dept.  1,  Anton,  Me. 


114 


IHB  SOUTHBEN  PLASTER, 


[Febraary 


them  in  the  matter  of  reading. 
Get  them  to  give  you  50  cents, 
and  let  us  send  The  Planter  for  a 
year.  Every  new  subscriber  se- 
cured enables  us  to  make  The 
Planter  a  better  journal,  and  there- 
fore benefits  not  only  the  new 
subscriber,  but  every  old  reader. 
Give  us  your  help,  and  we  can 
yet  add  thousands  of  new  names 
to  our  list  before  the  winter's  sub- 
scription season  is  over. 

DEAFNESS  CANNOT  BE  CURED 
by  local  applications,  as  they  cannot 
r^h  the  (lieea-sed  portion  of  the  ear. 
There  is  only  one  wav  to  cure  Deafness 
and  that  is  by  constitutional  remedies 
Deafness  is  causeti  by  an  inflamed  condi 
tion  of  the  mucous  lining  of  the  busta 
chian  Tube.  When  this  tube  gets  m 
flamed  vou  have  a  rumbling  sound  or 
imperfec't  hearing,  and  when  it  is  entirely 
closed  Deafness  is  the  result,  and  unless 
the  inflammation  can  be  taken  out  and 
this  tube  re.stored  to  its  normal  condition, 
hearing  will  be  destroyed  forever;  nine 
cases  out  of  ten  are  caused  by  catarrh, 
which  is  nothing  but  an  inflamed  condi- 
tion of  the  mucous  surfaces. 

We  will  give  One  Hundred  Dollars  for 
any  case  of  Deafness  (caused  by  catarrh) 
that  cannot  be  cured  by  Hall's  Catarrh 
Cure.    Send  for  circulars,  free. 

F.  J.  CHENEY  &  CO.,  Toledo,  0. 
|»-Sold  by  Druggists,  75c. 

Hall's  Family  Pills  are  the  best. 

WITH  THE  ADVERTISERS. 

The  Morewood  Farms  are  new  adver- 
tisers in  this  issue.  They  ofi'er  prize- 
winning  poultry.  — > 

The  Elkhart  Carriage  and  Harness 
Manufacturing  Co.  begins  the  season's 
advertising  with  a  card  in  another 
column. 

W  W.  Boob,  maker  of  buggy  and 
wagon  wheels,  renews  his  advertising 
contract  for  a  year,  beginningwith  this 
issue.  — rJZ         ''    -5»        ■•■^ 

A  H.  Reid,  of  Philadelphia,  is  oflTer- 
ing  his  excellent  Separator  in  this  issue 
to  our  farmers  and  dairymen. 

H.  C.  P.  is  advertising  for  a  position  on 
a  farm  in  the  South  where  he  can  learn 
the  business. 

The  celebrated  BuUfield  Farms  of  Dos- 
well,  Va  ,  are  advertising  some  well-bred 
Poland-Chinas. 

W  G  Owens,  proprietor  of  "The  Ce- 
dars "  Midlothian,  Va..  is  advertising 
Thoroughbred  Poultry,  Pekin  Ducks  and 
Bronze  Turkeys  in  this  issue.  _^  ^.i^ 

Rand,  McNally  &  Co.,  New  York,  want 
some  salesmen  for  their  well-known  pub- 
lications. 

B.  W.  Stone  &  Co.,  Nurserymen, 
Thomaiville,  6a.,  offer  some  choice  stock 
in  another  column. 

Schiider  Bros.,  Chillicothe,  0.,  Grow- 


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QUICK  HEAUNG  POWERS. 

IN  THE  TREATMENT OFDISEASl^S  REQUIRING 
Wll    MN  EFFICACIOUS  EXTERNAL  REMEDY.- 


V.\i^:\\:\^A±V\UMUY.\m 


^='Prepared    Only   B v-sr-^r;^ 


ERT  BROSr^C? 

^         ^  SOLE  PROPRIETORS «=,        ^ 

B  A  LTiM OH  E  ,  /A; Di      i 

*    ^  .:.--U.S.A.--'.  ■  i, 


EXACT  SIZE  OF  BOTTLE. 

TJkXEE  NO  sxtbstitxtte:. 


1803] 


THE  SOUTHEBN  PLAirTEB 


115 


«r8  of  Onion  Seed,  have  an  advertise- 
ment in  this  issue. 

The  Neck  of  Land  Farm,  Jamestown, 
is  for  rent,  and  a  good  lot  of  stock,  etc., 
•with  which  it  is  equipped,  is  for  sale,  as 
•will  be  seen  by  advenisementa  elsewhere 
in  this  issue. 

R.  A.Courtenay,of  Pennsylvania,  desires 
to  purchase  a  good  farm  of  250  or  3U0 
acres.     Look  uo  his  ad. 

Stratton  &  Brags,  Implement  Dealers 
and  Hardware  Merchants,  Petertburg. 
have  an  extra  half  page  ail.  in  this  num- 
ber. We  invite  the  attention  of  our  read- 
•ers  to  it. 

Mrs.  J.  D.  A.  Fisher,  Salisbury.  N.  C, 
is  advertising  Thoroughbred  Poultry 
«lsewhere  in  this  number. 

The  International  Stock  Food  Co., 
Minneapolis,  have  a  large  ad.  on  another 
page.  Kindly  refer  to  it  and  answer  the 
<}uestions  they  ask,  and  get  a  })3,000  stock 
book  free 

In  addition  to  its  Weeder  advertise- 
ment, the  Spangler  Manufacturing  Co. 
offers  its  celebrated  Ccrn  Planter  to  our 
readers. 

Meyer  &  Son,  Bridgeville,  Del.,  have 
made  a  good  hit  with  their  Premo  Dew- 
berry. They  advertise  in  another  column. 

A  new  advertisement  this  issue  is  the 
Economy  Bu.gy  Co.  of  Cincinnati.  Look 
up  their  ad.,  if  interested  in  their  line  of 


The  Cyphers  Incubator  Co.  advertises 
with  us  for  the  first  time  in  this  issue. 
We  take  pleasure  in  referring  our  poul- 
trymen  to  the  card  of  this  company. 

The  well-known  firm  of  Hench  & 
Dromgold  Co.,  York,  Pa  ,  resumes  its  ad- 
vertisement in  this  issue.  This  firm 
makes  a  full  line  of  farm  implements, 
and  offers  a  seasonable  one  in  another 
column. 

The  Columbus  Carriage  and  Harness 
Co.  are  out  with  their  usual  spring  an- 
nouncement in  this  issue.  They  have 
been  selling  their  goods  from  factory  to 
consumer  for  a  number  of  years,  as  many 
of  our  readers  well  know. 

The  Oakland  Poultry  Farm  is  adver- 
tieing  Thoroughbred  Poultry  and  Eggs 
in  this  issue. 

The  Indiana  Steei  and  Wire  Fence  Co. 
is  a  n^  w  advertiser  with  us  this  season. 
Look  up  their  card  on  another  page. 

J.  W.  Hall  is  advertising  a  new  Straw- 
berry.    Look  up  the  advertisement. 

J.  W.  Apperaon  &  Bro.,  Yancey's  Mills, 
are  advertising  Farms  and  Homes  in 
Piedmont  Virginia. 

The  Dairy  Association,  Lyndon,  Vt., 
is  advertising  its  preparations  in  this 
issue. 

Gilbert  Bros.  &  Co.,  Baltimore,  have 
their  usual  announcement  of  Yager's 
Liniment  in  another  olumn.  Kindly 
refer  to  the  advertisement,  or  better  still, 
inquire  of  your  merchants  for  a  bottle. 
It  will  be  found  very  useful  in  emer- 
gency cases. 

Note  the  change  in  the  advertisement 
of  S.  L.  Allen  &  Co.,  makers  of  the  fa- 
mous "Planet  Jr."  Implements. 
The  Marvin  Smith  Co.  has  several  ad- 


FOUNDED 
1802. 


GOLD  MEDALS : 

Paris,  1900.     Pan-American,  1901. 


J^'X 


For  over  a  hundred  years  have  been"universally  recognized 
as  the  standard  of  excellence.  They  received  the  GOLD 
MEDALS  (the  highest  award)  both  at  the  Paris  Exposition 
of  1900  and  at  the  Pan-American,  1901. 


Oijp  — the    io2d    successive    annual    edition — con- 

^      .      I  tains  a  more  complete   assortment   and  fuller 

v-OlQlvlCJUv^  cultural  directions  than  any  other  seed  annual 
published.  It  is  beautifully  illustrated,  not  with  highly  colored 
exaggerations,  but  with  the  finest  half-tones  from  life  photo- 
graphs. It  contains  128  large  size  pages,  and  in  addition  16 
full  page  half-tone  plates,  and  is  in  every  respect  and  with- 
out exception  the  most  complete,  most  reliable,  and  most 
beautiful  of  American  Garden  Annuals.  We  will  mail  it  free 
on  receipt  of  10  cents  in  stamps,  which  amount  may  be 
deducted  from  your  first  seed  order.  .... 

MclPkCt  are   invited  to  send   for  our  special  price-list 

^  .  of  high-class  vegetable  seeds  for  truckers  and 

vICll  vH^mCI  ^  large  market  growers.  It  contains  all  sorts 
of  approved  merit. 

J.  M.  THORBURN  &  CO.^ 

36  Cortlandt  Street  NEW  YORK. 


Seed  for  New  Leetder  Cabbage 

is  now  ready  for  the  public.     The  greatest  money  maker  ever  produced.     Will  yield  big  crops  of  the 
finest  large,  flat,  solid,  perfect  keeping  cabbages  ever  bred.  Tested  thoroughly,  and  proven  to  b 
derful  improvement  over  any  extra  early  cabbage  now  grown.  The  best  of  all  early  flat  headed  v 

Bol^idLivo  New  Leader 

is  the  cabbage  that  will  make  your  fields  yield  you  big  returns.  Write  for 
large,  free  illustrated  catalogue  of  Rocky  Ford  Cantaloupe,  Alaska 
Peas,  Valentine  Beans,  Oradus Pens  and  all  Sesde,  Plants,  Bulbs, 
etc,  for  the  Garden  and  Farm.    Write  now. 

J.  BOLGIANO  S.  SON.  Dept.  P  6,  Baltimore,  Md. 

(^'•Special  line  of  Tiwiato,  Cucumber,  Radish  and  alt  garden  seed." 


OLIVE'S  PRIDE. 


hecond  crop  Seed  Potatoes,  etc. 


The  GREATEST  OF  ALL  NEW  STRAWBERRIES. 
It   contains  more  coints   of  excellence 
than  anv   other  varieiv   introduced  la 
recent  years.    WRITE  FOR  FREE  CA.TALOGUE;  it  tellR  you  all  about  this 
grand  variety  and  forty  other  varieties  of  choice  stock  free  from  all  diseases. 
^         J  a._j  T..._.         ..       J.W.  HALL,  Marion  STATION,  Mo. 


116 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


[February 


OUR  LOW  HITCH  DISC  HARROW 


Best,  simplest,  Btrong- 
est  and  most  durable 
Disc  Harrow  made.    All 
steel.     Double  levers. 
Low    hitcl).      Center 
draft.  All  sizes 
With  or  with- 
out seeding 
attachmentM. 
Write  for   cir- 
culars   and 
prices. 
TOLEDO  PLOW  CO 


Toledo,  Ohio. 


Don't  Monkey  with   t'DCCDI    CCC    " 
anything  but  the        rCCIlLCOd) 

If  it  is  clean,  unbroken 
peas  you  want.  The 
•■PEEHLESS"  Is  easy  to 
operate. light  to  handle, 
strong  and  durable,  ele- 
gantly finished.  Itwill 
clean  peas  to  perfec- 
llnu,  also  millet,  sor- 
ghum seed  and  velvet 
beans.  .1.  K.  Sanders'.s 
latest  Improved,  fully 
guaranteed,  ^^'o  pay 
"'---^i-^v^  irelghts.  Write  to-day 
for  prices,  acldres.s, 
PEERLESS   PEA  HULLER  CO.   Box  V,  Dallon.  Ga. 


Kfausers'   Liquid 
Extfaci  of  Sntolte 

Snin)<.'!i  iru'iit  ix-Tfcclly  in  a 


vertisements  in  this  issue.  This  house 
can  furnish  anything  needed  on  the  farm. 
Write  them  for  their  latest  catalogue. 

The  "Iron  Age"  Cultivators  are  gain- 
ing in  popularity.  An  ad.  of  them  will 
be  found  in  this  issue  as  usual.  If  you 
have  not  yet  gotten  the  latest  ca'alogue, 
address  the  Bateman  Manufacturing  Co., 
Box  167.  Grenlofh,  N.  J. 

Gleason's  Horse  and  Cattle  Powder 
should  be  in  every  stable.  Look  up  the 
ad.  in  this  issue. 

The  Lansing  Silo  is  offered  to  our  read- 
ers by  A  yi.  D.  Holloway.  The  silo  has 
many  commendable  features,  and  we  in- 
vite those  interested  to  write  for  cata- 
logue and  prices. 

Foutz's  Horse  and  Cattle  Powder  is  ad- 
vertised elsewhere  in  this  issue.  It  is 
recommended  as  one  of  the  finest  tonics 
on  the  market.  Your  dealer  probably 
sells  it.  Look  up  the  ad.,  and  write  for 
pamphlet  No.  8,  which  will  be  mailed 
free. 

Tlie  DeLoach  Mill  Manufacturing  Co. 
are  advertising  their  well-known  Pony 
Saw  Mill.  This  is  a  very  low  priced  mill, 
and  is  guaranteed  in  every  particular  by 
its  makers. 

The  Richmond  Plumbing  and  Mantel 
Co.  have  a  half  page  advertisement  in 
this  issue.  They  are  having  a  good  run 
at  present  on  their  "Favorite"  Range. 

Woodland  Farm  is  offering  some  nice 
Dorsets  this  month. 

W.  T.  Thrasher  is  advertising  Short- 
horns at  right  prices. 

The  Ruumsy- Williams,  C,  St.  Johns- 
ville,  N.  Y.,  are  offering  Gasoline  Engines 
and  Threshers  in  this  number.  Get  prices 
and  catalogues. 

The  Peerless  Pea-Huller  Co.,  Dalton, 
Ga.,  is  a  new  advertiser  in  this  issue. 
They  exhibit  splendid  testimonials  re- 
garding the  Peerless. 

SPECIAL  OFFER. 

To  poultry  raisers  who  read  the  SoiUh- 
ern  Planter  we  will  send  a  leading  poul- 
try journal,  subscription  50  cents,  pre- 
paid, for  one  year,  if  you  will  fill  out  the 
following  blank  and  forward  it  to  us  by 
earl  y  mail : 

How  many  hens  have  you? 

How  many  chickens  do  you  expect  to 
raise  next  year? Do  you  in- 
tend to  buy  an  incubator? 

Cut  out  and  mail  to  the  Hawkeye  Incu- 
bator Company,  Newton,  Iowa,  Box  No. 
119.  Our  contract  is  limited  for  subscrip- 
tions, send  at  once. 

Gasoline  is  to  the  country  what  elec- 
tricity is  to  the  city  ;  with  the  "  big  end" 
in  favor  of  the  farmer,  as  he  can  get  both 
light  and  power  without  running  wires 
or  paying  bills  which  are  measured  out 
monthly  by  the  meter  system. 

As  an  economical  and  reliable  power 
for  the  farmer,  the  Engine  manufactured 
by  the  Weber  Gas  and  Gasoline  Engine 
Co.,  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  seems  to  have 
solved  the  problem.  A  mechanical  tri- 
umph, which  requires  no  engineer,  no 
fireman — in  fact,  can  be  operated  as  effi- 
ciently by  the  farm  hand  as  by  the  ex- 
pert. A  power  which  is  ever  ready  and 
can  be  run  without  danger  to  life  or  its 


STuriP— ^ 

PULLERS 


All  Sizes  and  Prices.     Catalogue  Free. 
MOHLAND  &  COMPANV, 

BURLINGTON,  IOWA. 


THE  IMPROVED 


ChanberUi  Hfg,  Co.,  Oleu,  N.  ¥.,  D.  S.  A. 


STUMP  PULLER 

Most  Powerful.  Handiest 
and  Strongest  Built  in 
the  World. 

>'e  make  4  kindn  In  sIZM 

lit  all  needs  and  of  any 

•ed  strength.     Saves  kim« 

and  does  the  work  rifiht.    The 

operation    of    pulllnff 

Btuiupsand  trees  by  oor 

methods  is    simple  and 

easy.     Heud     for     Fre« 

CutillOKilC 

CHICAAA  STCaP  nACIIINE  UFO.  COt.. 

"  La  Salle  Street,  ChlBaycs  lU. 


HERCULES  STUMP  PULLER 


Clears  an  acre  af  heavy  timber  land  each  day. 
Cleara  all  stumps  In  a  circle  of  150  ft.  without 
moving   or  changing    machine.     Strongeat, 
most  rapid  working  and  best  made. 
Hercules  Mfg.  Co..  413  l7thSt..Cantravlll«,  Iowa 


FREE. 


From  anxiety  over 
wash  day,  .are  all  who 
use  a  OILLEY  QUE'EN 
WASHER.  We  guaran- 
tee it  to  be  the  best.  A 
trial  machine  sent  at 
factory  price.  Agents 
wanted  for  exclusive 
territory.     Write  for 

catalogue   with   full   description.     We  will 

surely  please  you. 
LYONS  WASHING  MACHINE  CO.,  Lyons,  Mich. 


1903  1 


THE  SOUrMERN  PLAISTEB 


117 


IF  WE  DID 
NOT  KNOW 

OUR 

SPRAYER 

AND 
SPRAYING 
MIXTURE 

I  lie  Best  ever  de- 

'  \  isui.  we  wiiuUl 

ij_,'  iiDt  buy   ex  pen- 


Mve  sjiace  to  tell 
)  ju  about  them. 
WRITE  TO-DAY  an^  we  vrill  Fend 
you  a  Booksliowing  llie  benefits  derived 
by  tlie  Use  of  our  Mixtures  and  Spray- 
ing OutHts. 

Lenox  SBrayer  &  Clieinical  Co,,  Inc. 

Dept    U  PITTSFJELD,  MASS. 


THE  APPLE  MAN 


abovcall  others  is  the  one  who  needs  to  spray.  Good, 
smooth,  even  sized,  disease-free,  salable  apples  are  now 
an  I  inpossibility  without  spraying.  For  the  apple  man's 
use  nothing  quite  equals  our 

Century  Barrel  Sprayer. 

Submerged  brass  cylinder,  brass  ball  valves,  everlasting 
plunder  packing,  automatic  agitator.  Unequalled  fo> 
durthility,  case  of  operation,  free  water  avays.  Eighteen 
stjlpBof  Bpr»yer8.  CaHUi-^uo  with  form  ulna  M^  tesdmonUlfl  free. 
THE  DEMINC  COMPANY,  SALEM,  0H!0. 
Western  A^ts.,  llenion  &  llnbboll,  ChJca^o. 


Get  the  Best 

A  Gootl  Spray  Pump  earns  big-  — 
profits  and  lasts  for  years.  W 

THE  ECLIPSEl 

good  pump.    As  prac-  ■ 
1    fruit     glowers    we  ■ 
were  using  the  com- 
mon sprayers  in  our 
own  orchards— found 
their  defects  and  then  invented 
The    Eclipse.     Its  success 
practically  forced  us  into  man- 
ufacturing on  a  large   scale. 
You  take  no  chances.  We  have 
done  all  the  experimenting. 

Large  fully  illustrated 
Catalogue  ovd  Treatise 
on  Spraying— FREE. 

MOKRIIvL  A-  MORLET,  Benton  Harbor.  Mich. 


SPRAY  PUMPC 

B9  Save  Money  B9 

^^  BY  Buying  One  of  Ouks.  ^^ 
They  will  do  as  much  work,  being  all  brass 
are  lighter  to  handle  aud  are  more  durable, 
will  generate  a  higher  pressure  thereby  mak- 
ing ttjem  the  easiest  pumps  to  operate  on  the 
market.  Write  forcati>log  audgel  treatise  on 
Bpraying  free.    Agents  wanted.    Mention  this 

Baper.      J.'F.  Gaylord.  Successor  to  P.  C.  Lewit 
linufacturing  Csmpany,  Catskill.  N.  C. 


Mention  the  Southern  Planter  when  cor 
leaponding  with  advertisers. 


surroundings.  Many  of  these  engines, 
stationary,  or  mounted  on  all  iron  and 
steel  trucks,  are  used  for  heavy  work 
throughout  the  civilized  world  ;  grinding, 
shredding,  threshing,  wood  sawing,  and 
many  other  classes  of  work  requiring 
heavy  and  light  power.  This  Company 
also  makes  a  specialty  of  a  Farm  Engine 
of  2}  H.  P.,  called  the  "  Weber  Junior," 
which  is  used  to  great  advantage  on  the 
farm  and  about  the  dairy  in  operating 
small  machinery  and  pumping  water  for 
stock.  These  little  engines  are  mounted 
on  a  wood  base  and  so  constructed  as  to 
be  easily  moved  about  as  required,  the 
weight  being  but  650  pounds. 

On  every  up  to  date  holding  will  be 
found  a  gasoline  engine  of  such  size  as 
amply  meets  the  requirements. 

We  are  glad  to  direct  the  attention  of 
our  readers  to  the  advertisement  of  the 
Field  Force  Pump  Co.,  of  Elmira,  N.  Y., 
which  appears  on  another  page  of  this 
issue.  This  pleases  us  in  the  iirst  place, 
because  these  people  are  old  and  valua- 
ble advertising  patrons  of  ours,  and  in 
the  second  place  it  pleases  us,  because  we 
know  that  their  goods  are  satisfactory  to 
our  readers.  In  any  event,  we  have  had 
no  single  complaint  since  we  have  been 
carrying  their  advertisement.  They  make 
a  fall  and  complete  line  of  spraying  ma- 
chinery, apparatus  and  appliances. 

They  are  manufacturing  only  such 
things  as  have  been  thoroughly  tested 
and  have  been  found  to  be  of  merit  to 
the  orchardist  and  others  who  find  it  to 
their  advantage  to  spray.  Write  them 
for  matter  touching  the  subject  of  their 
specialty. 

AN  HONEST  ANSWER. 

Nathan,  when  a  small  boy,  once  drifted 
into  a  Sunday-school,  or  was  dragq;ed 
there — accounts  differ — and  when  asked 
concerning  the  chief  end  of  man,  merely 
shook  his  head.  The  question  was  not 
clear.  Trying  again,  the  teacher  sought 
to  get  from  him  some  idea  of  moral  re- 
sponsibility. There  was  no  reply.  A 
third  effort  was  made  by  gradually  ap- 
proaching the  subject,  the  teacher  asking 
him  what  he  best  liked  to  do. 

"Shirk  work,"  was  the  prompt  reply. — 
Dr.  C.  C.  Abbott,  in  February  Lippincott's. 

The  Pastor. — I  hope  you  never  swear 
when  the  baby  is  irritable." 

The  Parent.— "Oh,  no;  the  baby  at- 
tends to  all  that." 

"  I  've  made  it  a  practice  to  put  all  my 
worries  down  in  the  bottom  of  my  heart, 
then  set  on  the  lid  an'  smile." — From 
"Lovey  Mary,"  The  Century,  January, 
1903. 

Government  statistics  show  that  the 
Miami  Valley  in  Ohio  produces  better 
grain  and  has  purer  water  than  any  other 
section  of  this  country.  It  is  Nature's 
garden.  Right  in  the  heart  of  this  favored 
spot  is  our  distillery.  We  have  at  our 
very  door  the  two  essentials  for  produc 
ing  the  finest  whiskey  in  the  world — the 
best  grain  and  the  purest  water.  Add  to 
these  one  of  the  most  completely  equip- 
ped distilleries  ever  operated  and  an  ex 
perience  of  36  years  in  distilling  whiskey 


!  hnveclTenanoivleaseof  life  to  thousnnds  ot  oia 
i  "  a^-ons  1  h<..y  can  be  luid  in  nny  desired  heik'lit.and 
t  any  «  idth  of  tile  up  to  8  Inches.  Witli  a  set  oftbeso 
a  «u..eisyoucaniiiafe\v  minutes  Lave  either  a  high 
^o,  a  l.)w  down  wa-..,in.  Ihe  Eleelrlc  Unnily 
J  Wn^on  IS  made  by  skilled  workmen,  of  best  selecc- 
i  Pel  nniu- rial— white  hickory  axles,  steel  wheels,  steel 
n.ls,  etc.  Guaranteed  to  can-y  4000  lbs.  Here  is 
a  U..V  wa-'on  that  will  save  money  for  you  as  it 
!  liusts  almost  forever.Ourcntalogdesci-ibine  the  uses 
fl  of  these  wheels  and  wagons  sent  free     Writeforit 

1  ELECTRIC  WHEEL  CO.,  BOX  146  QtlNCY.  ILLINOIS. 


WE'LL  PAY  THE  FREIGHT 

d  ssiJd  4  l!u£g;  H  krvls.  Slul  Tira  UD,  .  ^t.SS 
-.ilh  aubbi-r  Tires,  $I5,UU.  I  mfg.  whetle  ^i  lo  4  in. 
rea,i.  Top  Baggies,  828.75;  Harness.  $S. 60.  Write  for 
imlogue.  Ltarn  how  lo  buy  vcliirl-i  and  parts  direcL 
VagoB  tUubrellaFltEE.  W.' V.  BOOB,  t'iacinnali,  0, 


MTEST  — .,^gs>      (Newton'i  Pateat.) 

DEHORNER  oSwrnep 
mpRovEo       '  — *=^^  Guaranteo^ 

THOUSANDS  IN   USE.  _ 

Ajsk  your  hardware  dealer  for  them  or  write 
■.  gu  BROWN  MFG.  CO.,    -    -    DEOATITB,  ILU 

BOSTRON'^  IKIPROVED  FARM  LEVEL 

Pat'd  1902.  „„H  AND    WITHOUT  TELESCOPE 

Is  no  MAKESHIFT,  but  the 
best  one    made  for 
chingand  Drain 
$;  and   SIO,  including    Tripod 
and  Rod,     Send  for  descriptive 
m  Ter- 


A  Kmd«B€log 

SPRAYER 

We  want  to  send  into  CTcry  town   SP'^^^^K^ 
and  county  a  sample  of  our  new   g^  ff^^/Ct 
self-operating  Kant-Klog  Sprayer. 
No  farmer,  fruit  or  vegetable  grower  can  aflord  to 
be  without  one.     They  inerea.se  crops  both  in  quan- 
tity and  quality,  and  double  your  yearly  profit. 
•Pft    mg^CttTti  m  »80.00  A  DiY  is  vrhai  one 
TU  AUbN  I  9  S  ?c<>  agent  nmrle.    Another  has 
sold  and  delivered  660  machines  and  has  100  more  sold  for 
later  delivery.  With  thccomplete  dolailcd  instructionswescnd 
our  agents  any  man  of  ordin  try  ahility  can  do  as  well. 
For  further  information  address, 

RochesterSprayPumpCO.,  21  East  Av.  Rochester,  N.V- 


118 


THE  BOUTHBBN  PT.ANTTCR 


[February 


HENCHS 


20th 
Century 
Steel  Ball  Coupling  Cultivator 


W.th  OouDle  Rov 
HIanlcr  and    Ferliliicr 
Attachment  Complete 
onOneMaclirnc. 
Ilc'l  l<'aiii  iMori'. 


Iilv 

III    III 


and  (•  I  o  N 1  n  ir  Bliovel 


TheHENCH&  DROMGOLDCO.  Mfrs.,  York.  Pa. 


FEED  MILLS. 

EVERY  MtN  HIS  OWN  MILLER. 

The  latest  improved.  Does  all 
kinds  of  work.  Moot  durable; 
baa  groun  I  over  15,000  bushels 
without  repairer  expense  The 
fastest  grinder;  has  ground  300 
bushels  In  4  hours.  Lightest 
draft  and  lowest  price.  The 
World's  Best  I  Send  for  prices 
to  the  manufacturers. 
N.  M.  FIELD  MFO.  CO.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


Ground  Feed 


KELLY 

IDuplexGrindingMill. 
Crushes   and   primis  In  any 
fineness, ahvays  tinlfomi    Mas 
1^  great  capacity.  l-asyninninR. 


THE  0.  S.  KELLY  CO..  Dept.  T   SPRINGFIELD,  OHIO. 
The  Old  Reliable  Antl-Frictloo,  Four-Rurr 

MOGUL  MILLS, 

No  gearing,  no  friction. 
TboUNandH  in  use.  Kour- 
horse  mill  grinds  60  to  80 
bus.  per  hour.  Wemakea 
full  line  of  Feed  Mills,  best 
ever  sold,  Inciurtlngihe  fa- 
mous Iivwa  grinder  No.  2. 
for»12.5C.  Send  for  free  cat. 

Manufactured  and  sold  by  the 
Iowa  Grinder  and  Steamer  Works,  Waterloo,  Iowa 


Tile  "Weber  Junior"  f  •''-•"••■'"•'*-  '^^-y  •*■ 
Pumper 


im  plug       water. 

OS  but  Uttle  foa- 

no      I.     Bhlpr.o.l 

-   Jlca        cumpletrlf 

J  ef^etcd,  all    cuddoc- 

iftdo.  Easytoilart.any 

-jQ    oporato  It.     Every 

Kiiarant«ocl.  Otlicr  eizea 

jpio  60  H.  P.    Send  for  cnt- 

uog.    Wnli«r  Gas  *   Oa»()' 

Engl  no  Co..    Box    128 


Kaua&a  City. 


T^ 

jkDITTO'S  J.Tp'kl 

if  ^g 

'',"  ;.M4            Ball  Bearing 

JLjMmI   i^eed  grinder. 

u      ^MJfi 

X^^IQS^    Hnl.l  on  triiil.     \\',.ftHkno 

Ai^^^kuI 

It _^l«rK-CTt     capoclty.     (■unicM 

fpf             •  runnlnir  mill  niont  durable. 

"^              don't  liiip  It.    Circulars  tree. 

0.  M.  DITTO,  BOX  48,  JOLIET,  ILL 

and  you  have  a  combination  that  is  un- 
equaled  anywhere.  That's  why  Hayner 
VVliiskey  is  the  best  for  medicinal  and 
other  uses  That's  why  we  have  over  a 
quarter  of  a  million  satisfied  customers. 
That's  why  you  should  try  it.  Don't  for- 
get that  it  goes  direct  from  our  own  dis- 
tillery to  you, with  all  its  original  strength, 
richness  and  flavor,  carries  a  United  States 
registered  distiller's  guarantee  of  purity 
and  age  and  saves  you  the  dealers'  enor- 
mons  profits.  Your  money  back  if  you're 
not  satisfied.  Read  our  offer  eleewhere 
in  this  paper.  The  Hayner  Distilling 
Company. 

HOME,  SWEET   HOME.    LENAWEE 
COUNTY. 

That's  the  name  of  our  home  county, 
and  after  selling  our  products  here  for 
over  seventeen  years,  during  the  last  year, 
1902,  we  sold  to  the  farmers  in  this  coun- 
ty alone,  for  their  own  use,  over  seventy- 
six  thousand  (7H,000)  dollars  worth  of 
Page  Fence— our  own  home  county,  so 
far,  being  the  banner  county  to  use  Page 
Fence. 

If  anything  would  make  a  company 
proud,  how  ought  this  to  affect  us. 

Here  is  where  our  first  fences  were 
erected,  and  here  the  bulk  of  our  experi- 
menting was  done,  and  still  each  year  we 
sell  more  fence  right  here  at  home  than 
we  did  the  previous  year. 

Our  average  total  sales  bv  months  for 
the  year  just  passed,  1902,  were  over 
twenty  seven  per  cent,  greater  than  for 
the  year  1901. 

During  the  latter  month  of  1902  there 
was  quite  a  drop  in  the  price  of  some 
qualities  of  fence  wire,  which  accounts 
for  other  companies  cutting  prices  a  little 
below  ours,  but  there  was  no  drop  in 
prices  of  the  materials  of  which  "  Page- 
Wire"  is  made.  Indeed,  the  pig-iron  out 
of  which  it  is  made  costs  $5.75  per  ton 
more  to-day,  December  11,  19C2,  than  it 
did  December  11,  1901,  and  cannot  be 
gotten  for  immediate  delivery  for  less 
than  eight  dollars  more  than  it  cost  a 
year  ago.  See  prices  in  The  Iron  Age 
December  11,  1902,  and  December  11 
1901. 

Thus,  vou  see,  our  prices  mast  remain, 
at  least,  as  high  as  last  year ;  but,  not- 
withstanding their  lower  prices,  our  sales 
have  been  larger  than  ever  before.  We 
cannot  use  their  kind  of  wire.  It  will  not 
hold  the  coil  feature  in  our  fences. 

A  FIFTY-FOOT  CALENDAR. 

N.  \V.  Ayer  &  Son,  the  Philadelphia 
advertising  agents,  who  have  a  national 
re|)utation  for  "keeping  eveilastingly  at 
it,"  believe  in  sticking  to  a  good  thing 
when  they  have  one.  For  instance,  their 
calendar  for  190.3  follows  the  design  used 
for  several  years  past,  but  with  new  col- 
oring. And  in  truth,  it  would  be  hard 
to  improve  upon  their  design  ;  the  dates 
are  plainly  readable  at  fifty  feet,  yet  the 
calendar  is  not  unpleasanfly  conspicu 
ous;  it  is  artistic,  simple  and  useful,  and 
It  is  not  surptising  that  it  has  become  so 
popular  an  adjunct  to  business  oilices 
thaJt  the  supply  never  equals  the  demand. 

While  they  last,  one  will  be  mailed  to 
any  address  for  25  cents,  which  barely 
covers  cost  and  postage. 


Announcement 


additional  nianul.ai'lurers  who  Imve  iK-en  liilriiiK- 
InK  unr  patent.  Tlie  rule  of  law  Is :  "■I'he  maker 
seller  or  user  of  an  infringing  deviie  are  aU  liable' 
In  daiiKiges  to  the  owner  of  tlie  patent  infringed." 
1  lie  .lanesvllle  Utaclilne  Co.  and  tlie  Keystone 
lann  Machine  Co.  arc  the  only  firms  licensed  to 
tm!  ajlcl  loolh  covered  hy  our  patent,  and  we 
Unally  warn sellersandiisersof all otlierinakes  So 
ailuuraljly  liavBtliewi.ow-lIallock"  Wcedersdone 
the  work  for  whi.h  they  were  designed,  that  one 
niakerafteranolhersoughttocopy  it.  Ilowever 
Ipy  I  he  various  Courts'  decisions,  these  makei-s  are' 
luiiipelled  to  abandon  tlie  uianufacture  of  a 
W  ceder  having  Hat  teeth,  and  they  are  now  ei- 
perhncTiIIng  with  other  shapes;  but  It  is  the  Hat 
toulh  ih;,t  mafle  the  "Hallock''  Weeder  famous 
and  111  vievy  of  ttienianner  in  wliich  our  patent  has 
been  sustained,  it  IS  dangerous  to  usean  InfrlnirinE 
tootli.  Write  for  descriptive  circularsand  prices. 
HALLOCK  WEEDER  &  CULTIVATOR  CO., 
Box  839  York,  Pa. 


Heavy  lateral  wires,  heavy  hard  steel  staya. 
oolled  spring  wire.  Sure  Grip  lock.  In  strength! 
appearance,  and  durability,  the  Hard  Steal 
o»nnot  be  e.Toelled.  Write  for  catalogue  anil 
price..       THE  HARD  STEEL  WIRE  FENCE  CO  . 

Cuyahoga  Falls,  Ohio 


Page  Poultry  Fence 


ipelghs  10  pounds  to    the   rod-bottom    wires  onlr 
M  inches  apart-and  don't  cost  any  more  erected 
iban  a  Blazy  nettine     Send  for  descriptions. 
PAGE  \V0VKMWIUKFK!«CKC0.,ADIIUI1|. MICH. 


LAWN  FENCE 

Many  designs.    Cbeapi 


,  paKe  Catalogoc 

free.  Sprelal  Prlrento  Cvr— 
t«rleBaDdChDrchf>i.  Addr 


ARM  FENCE 


PRICE  iIND  QUALITY 
WILL    PLEASE    fOU~» 

_„.  WRITE    US     NOW. 

'DOWWIRE  WORKS- Louisville.Ky: 

STROMGESW 
MADE.      Ball. 

stron*;.    Chlckeiv 
tight.    Sold  to  the  Farmer  at  WbolKsaU- 
PrlMa.     Folly  WftrrftDt«d,    Catalog  Fre» 
„ „_„ 1 

e.g.  1. 


FENCE! 


I^^H 


Vi'rV  >i  INDIANA  STEEL  &  WIRE  CO. 

MUNCIE, INDIANA. 


WE  PAY  S26  A  WEEK  ^"'>  expenses  to  men 
poni.r.,  r.  ^     "'"■'>  '•'ss  'o  introduce 

roultry  Compound. 

I^TER^aTIO^AL  M'F'G.  CO.,  Parsons.  Kan. 

$1  00.001     ^''"'fo'^I'HEECopyoftllcNEWMAGA. 

■    ZINH         S,,.T,....I    ..     W.„n     foy    J.J.    ^ 1 


For  the  BestI  Siob.    No  m..ney  requircTin  thf!, „.. 

NA   Hi!  c"  I  Enclose  3C.   stamp  for  particulars.    NEWS- 
A  M  E  I  OS  THE  World  Co.,  Rochester,  N.  i. 


1903  J 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLA-NTBIK. 


119 


fOUR 


MWmi 


FRIEND^ 

J  FOR 

fmuM 


Our  money  winning  books, 
written  by  men  who  know,  tell 
you  all  about 

Potscsh 

They  are  needed  by  every  man 
who  owns  a  field  and  a  plow,  and 
who  desires  to  get  the  most  out 
of  them. 


(Ill    incr  CPU  r  <^i"l   other   inaectB   oai. 
OiN  uUOL  OUALL  be  coDtroUed  bj  aalmi 

Ctood'B  Canstic  Potash  Wbal* 
Oil  Soap,  No.  3. 

It  also  prevenU  Curl  Leaf.  Endorsed  by  u 
tomologlsts.  This  soap  is  a  fertilizer  as  w«l 
as  insecticide.  60  lb.  kegs,  t2.50 ;  100  lb.  keei 
»4.50.  Half  barrels,  270  lbs.,  at  SJ^c.  per  lb. 
barrels,  425  lbs.,  at  3Hc.  Large  quantltlw 
■I>eclal   rates.     Send   for  circular. 

JAMES  GOOD, 

Sge-U  N.  Front  St.,  fhiladelphi*.  »• 


FRAZER 

y^xle  Grease  tue^worid. 
wearing  qualities  are  unsurpassed,  ac- 
.lly  outlasting  3  bxs.  any  other  brand, 
t  affected  by  heat.  svGet  the  Ssnain*. 
FOR  SALE  BY  ALL,  DEALERS.  WW 


LIME 


A6RIGULTURAL 
and  BUILDERS' 

Send  lor  Circulars  and  Price-LUt. 
FELLSWORTH  LIME  WORKS 

REEVES  CATT,  Agent, 
Bodley,  Auguata  County,  Va. 

S.B.ADKINS&GO. 


m 


4  and  6  Governor  Street, 


RICHMOND,  VA. 
EXPERT  BOOKBINDERS 
and  Commercial  Pnnters. 


MAGAZINES. 

The  leading  color  pictures  in  the  Feb 
ruary  Century — the  most  novel  and  curi- 
ous in  subject  of  any  that  magazine  has 
yet  published — are  from  interesting  and 
beautiful  studies  of  the  aurora  borealis 
made  by  Frank  Wilbert  Stokes  while  in 
the  Arctics  in  the  fall  of  1892  and  are 
richly  worthy  the  subject.  They  repro- 
duce in  tint  for  the  first  time  in  a  popu- 
lar magazine  the  wonderful  effects  of  the 
aurora.  Mr.  Stokes,  probablj;  the  first 
real  colorist  to  visit  the  Arctic  regions, 
was  with  the  Peary  and  relief  expeditions 
on  the  Kite  when  he  was  privileged  to 
see  some  color  displays  worth  all  the 
dangers  and  privations  of  the  trip.  His 
word  painting  is  as  vivid  and  interesting 
as  his  color  work. 

That  the  Senate  is  the  most  powerful 
body  in  the  government,  that  it  has  slip- 
ped out  of  its  orbit  and  is  describing  a 
larger  area  in  the  political  heavens  than 
that  which  the  fathers  marked  out,  that 
its  constituent  elements  make  the  Senate 
self  assertive,  tyrannical  and  prone  to 
prefer  the  material  to  the  moral  advan- 
tages of  the  republic,  these  and  many 
other  statements  not  altogether  compli- 
mentary are  made  and  discussed  by  Hen- 
ry Loomis  Nelson  in  his  article  on  "  The 
Overshadowing  Senate"  in  the  February 
Century,  which  is  enlivened  by  plenty  of 
lively  anecdotes  and  clever  pictures  by 
A.  I.  Keller. 

For  those  to  whom  the  fiction  of  the 
magazines  is  always  first  the  February 
Century  has  provided  liberally.  Lovey 
Mary  visits  Miss  Viny  and  goes  with  Mrs. 
Wiggsand  in  the  family  on  a  picnic  which 
proves  decidedly  Wiggsesque.  The  sec- 
ond part  of  Abigail  H.  Fitch's  "  When 
the  Consul  Came  to  Peking"  carries  its 
characters  to  safety  through  some  thrill- 
ing adventures.  ''The Yellow  Van"  con- 
tinues in  interest.  There  is  wit  in  Vir- 
ginia Frazer  Boyle's  "Her  Freedom,"  and 
much  pathos  in  Kate  W.  Hamilton's  "The 
Baby  From  Ruggles'e  Dip."  There  is  an- 
other Pa  Gladden  story,  too,  "  Knights  to 
the  Rescue,"  in  which  Elizabeth  Cherry 
Waltz  takes  her  gentle,  lovable  hero  on 
an  unusual  errand  of  mercy. 

Arnold's  battle  with  the  wilderness  is 
the  dramatic  subject  of  the  dramatic 
chapter  in  the  February  Century,  form- 
ing the  third  installment  of  Justin  H. 
Smith's  "  The  Prologue  of  the  American 
Kevolution."  The  sufferings  and  heroism 
of  that  terrible  march  to  Quebec  make 
sad  but  inspiring  reading.  Prof.  George 
E.  Woodberry,  editor  of  the  valuable  Poe- 
Chivers  papers,  which  are  concluded  in 
the  February  Century,  finds  in  the  cor- 
respondence evidence  that  Chivers,  who 
thought  himself  a  genius,  was  to  Poe,  who 
really  was  one,  not  unlike  what  Alcott 
was  to  Emerson.  William  Gage  Erving's 
storv  of  his  ISOOmile  trip  from  Khartum 
to  Cairo  in  an  Adirondack  canoe  is  full  of 
exciting  experiences,  and  tells  something 
incidentally  of  Egyptian  affairs.  "Nobody 
associates  fires  with  spinsters  in  any  ' 
pleasant  way,"  muses  Lillie  Hamilton  i 
French  in  "  My  Old  Maid's  Corner,"  but 
her  winter  night  dreams  over  the  ashes 
are  sweet  and  wholesome  and  tenderly 
sympathetic.  There  is  much  verse  in  the 
number,  and  the  Century's  standard  of 
illustration  is  maintained. 


T  TOUR  IDEAS 


,000  offered   for  one  in- 

venlion;   SS,500   for   anotlier. 

B<..iU-  "How  to  Obtain  a  Patent" 

"Whattolnvenf'sentfree.  Send 

^li  sK-etch  for  free  report  as  to 

patentability.       We  advertise  your 

p.itent  for  sale  at  our  expense. 

CHANDLEE  &  CHANDLEE,  Patent  Attorneys 

972,        r  Street,  Wasliingtan.D.C. 


AMD  SHEEP  PELTS  TO 

McMillan  fur  &.  wool  go.. 

Minneapolis,  Minn.  , 

WRITE    FOB    CIRCULARS 


Law  and  Collection  Association. 

Established  1884.  Claims  collected 
in  all  parts  of  the  United  States. 
No  collection — no  charge. 

P.  0.  Box  503.        905^  East  Main  Street, 
RICHMOND,  VIRGINIA. 


120 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[Febraary 


evidence:! 

Extraordinary  Statements    Sapported  by 

Strong  Testimony  (Iffered  by  People  " 
of  Four  States. 

The  unuBual  claims  made  for  Yager's 
Sarsaparilla  with  Celery,  as  to  its  won- 
derful effiMcy  in  curing  the  many  dis- 
eases caused  by  impure  blood  and  weak 
nerves,  are  substantially  supported  by 
unsolicited  testimony  from  many  States. 

J.  F.  Brown,  of  Delmar,  Del.,  says:  "  I 
suffered  greatly  from  rheumatism  last 
fall  and  winter,  and  found  no  relief  until 
fused  Yager's  Sarsaparilla  with  Celery. 
I  am  now  on  my  third  bottle  and  hope 
to  be  cured  permanently." 

BKS.SIE  K.  SiicKi.EV,  of  Oranda,  Va.,  says: 
"I  have  been  taking  Yager's  Sarsapa- 
rilla with  Celery  for  two  years,  and  can 
say  it  is  a  great  medicine ;  it  ha-i  been  of 
much  benefit  to  me  in  restoring  health. 
While  taking  two  bottles  I  gained  101  lbs." 

E.  B.  Bk.mh.ey,  Expert  Penman  and 
Teacher  of  Public  Schools,  Lanna,  W.  Va., 
says:  'During  tbe  summer  and  fall  of  1899 
my  health  was  very  bad.  I  would  get 
very  hungry  but  could  scarcely  eat  any 
thing.  I  wai  weak  and  losing  flesh  all 
the  time.  In  tbe  latter  part  of  tbe  fall 
every  little  scatch  on  my  skin  woulo 
result  ir  a  running  sore.  I  had  quite  a 
number  of  boils  Finally  I  was  so  weak 
and  had  such  bad  health  I  had  to  stop 
work.  On  the  recommendation  of 
friends  I  commenced  to  take  Yager's 
Sarsaparilla  with  Celery,  which  has 
effected  a  positive  cure,  .'■ince  taking  a 
course  of  this  valuable  medicine  I  have 
never  been  sick.  I  have  as  good  an  ap- 
petite as  is  necessary  for  any  man,  and 
am  gaining  flesh  all  the  time  I  heartily 
recommend  it  to  those  afliicted  as  I  was." 

Ella  Di.\o.n,  Montford  Ave.,  Aeheville, 
N.  C.,  says :  "  1  have  taken  onlv  one  bottle 
of  Yager's  Sarsaparilla  with  Celery, 
but  it  has  done  me  so  much  good  that  I 
shall  continue  its  use  until  I  become  a 
healthy  woman,  as  I  feel  it  will  ultimately 
cure  me.     I  cheerfully  recommend  it." 

These  are  four  statements  taken  at 
random  from  thousands  of  similar  state- 
ments recently  received.  Yager's  Sarsa- 
parilla with  Celery  is  sold  by  leading 
druggists,  50c.  a  bottle.  Made  by  Gilbert 
Bros  &  Co..  Baltimore,  JSId. 


DON'T  NEGLECT,  Get  a  Package 
to-day  of 

GLEASON'S 

HORSE  and  CATTLE 

POWDER. 

Feed  it  to  your  stock  and  note  the  re- 
sults—they will  Improve  at  once.  It  is 
the  most  reliable  and  uiidoubtfdly  the 
best  Powder  for  all  kinds  of  stock.  It 
can  be  had  from  any  dealer,  so  ^Ive  it 
a  trial.    Prepared  by 

GILBERT  BROS.  &  CO  ,  Ballimore.  Md. 


Honey-Tolu 

CURES  THE  CROUP. 


The  prominent  feature  in  Lippincott's 
Magazine  is  always  a  complete  novel. 
That  contained  in  the  February  number 
is  by  Alice  Duer  Miller,  entitled  "A  Man 
of  His  Word."  IMrs.  Miller,  by  the  way, 
belongs  to  a  popular  New  York  story- 
writing  family.  Both  her  mother  and 
sister  are  well-liked  contributors  to  the 
leading  magazines.  The  motive  in  "A 
Manof  His  AVord"  is  the  moral  obliga- 
tion of  a  member  of  the  Four  Hundred 
to  marry  a  young  school-teacher  because 
her  mother'had  saved  his  life  at  the  ex- 
pense of  her  own.  Before  her  death  she 
whispers  to  her  debtor,  "  Marry  my 
daughter."  On  this  foundation  the  author 
has  built  a  tale  of  compelling  interest 
and  infinite  diversion. 

In  addition  to  the  novel,  eight  striking 
short  stories  enliven  the  pages  of  the 
February  Lippincott's"  W.  A.  Fraser's 
"The  Capture  of  the  Canton"  is  a  rattling 
good  yarn  of  the  sea.  Beulah  Marie  Dix 
contributes  one  of  her  striking  and  unu- 
sual stories  called  "  The  Scythe  in  the 
Oak  Tree  "  This  is  a  Puritan  incident 
where  a  man's  "  masterful  temper"  runs 
up  against  a  younger  man's  obstinacy. 
"  Deceivers  Ever,"  by  R.  E.  Vernede,  is  a 
bright  sketch  of  a  pretty,  perverse  girl 
who  hated  boys.  The  cause  for  sui-h  a 
sentiment  is  the  point  of  the  story.  Elliot 
Flower  calls  his  humorous  story  "The 
Demure  Wife  of  Ned  Barrett."  An  oblig- 
ing friend  of  the  husband's  who  consents 
to  entertain  her  for  a  while  is  doubtful 
about  the  applicability  of  the  adjective. 
"  Brother  Johnsing's  'Sperience,"  by  Ella 
Middleton  Tybout,  has  to  do  with  a 
'•  brother"  of  color  whb  is  wont  to  stray 
from  his  own  fireside.  Clinton  Danger- 
field  writes  a  tale  called  "A  Game  of 
Chess"  which  has  great  dramatic  quali- 
ties. The  game  is  played  between  lovers. 
The  man's  life  is  staked  on  it,  but  his  fair 
antagonist,  unaware  of  this,  uses  all  her 
skill  in  his  undoing.  "A  Race  Through 
the  Night"  is  an  exciting  automobile 
story  by  Edgar  Jepson ;  and  "  Till  A' 
the  Seas  Gang  Dry"  are  letters  written 
by  a  young  widow  to  her  "  dear  depart- 
ed." It  is  the  collaborated  work  of  Mary 
and  Rosalie  Dawson. 

A  novel  and  attractive  feature  of  the 
February  St.  Nicholas  is  an  operetta  in 
three  acts,  "  Prince  Charming's  Fate,"  by 
Catherine  C.  Lovell,  the  full  production 
calling  for  nineteen  characters  besides 
lords  and  la<lies,  heralds,  guards  and 
pages,  a  gipsy  tribe  and  a  corps  de  ballet. 
The  scenes  are  laid  in  the  Kingdom  of 
Imagination,  and  Prince  Charming  is  the 
"  leading  man."  There  are  directions  for 
the  stage  business  and  costuming;  and 
the  girls  and  boys  and  their  elders  should 
have  much  enjoyment  from  "  Prince 
Charming's  Fate." 

Most  important  of  the  stories  in  the 
February  St.  Nicholas,  of  course,  is  the 
new  installment  of  Howard  Pyle's  "The 
Story  of  King  Arthur  and  His  Knights," 
which  tells  of  the  Sable  Knight  and  how 
King  .\rtluir  fought  with  him,  even  unto 
grievous  wounding.  Tudor  Jenk's  "  The 
Castle  of  the  Beeches"  is  a  good,  old-fash- 
ioned story  of  buried  treasure.  Jack  Lon- 
don's "  In  Yeddo  Bay"  will  delight  every 
adventurous,  loyal  American  lad.  Charles 
Newton  Hood's  "The  North  Shore  Lim- 


This  illustration  was  made  from  the 
photograph  of  a  field  of  Timothy. 
The  portion  on  the  left  was  not, 
that  on  the  right  was,  fertilized  with 

Nitrate  of  Soda 

400  pounds  to  the  acre.  Every  far- 
mer is  interested  in  getting  the 
heaviest  possible  yield  of  grass. 

The   latest   edition   of  our    Dullelin,  "  Food 
for  Plants."  contains   an  e.-scellenl  article  on 

"  Grass  Growing  for  Profit."  with  proof 
that  the  yield  of  barn-cured  hay  may  he  in- 
creased 1000  pounds  per  acre  for  each  loo 
pounds  of  Nitrate  of  Soda  used,  will  be  sent 
/><■<■  to  ail  interested.  Send  name  on  Post  Card. 


SALESMEN  WANTED  IMMEDIATELY 

For  Rand,  XrcNally  &  Company's  "Practi- 
cal Farming  and  Gardening"  covering  soil 
fertllHy,  irrigation,  drainage,  cron  culture, 
gardening,  trucking,  fruits,  forestry,  pruning, 
grafting,  budding,  training  ihe  giape,  Injuri- 
ous Insects,  plant  diseases,  spraying,  selecting 
and  feeding  farm  animals  for  profit,  diseases 
of  farm  animals,  silos  and  silage,  making 
poultry  pay,  hand.v  rules,  useful  information, 
farm  cooker.v  :  a  new  work  covering  ail  local- 
ities ;  destined  to  have  an  extensive  sale; 
those  first  in  the  lield  will  have  the  advan- 
tage; exclusive  assignment  of  territory  ;  new 
plan  of  work  makes  it  sell  at  sight;  no  pre- 
vious experience  necessary;  immediate  re- 
turns guaranteed ;   permanent  employment. 

Address 
RAND.  McNALLY  &  COMPANY, 

142  Fifth  Avenue.  New  York. 

•?•    iA£  K  N  T  E  D     f 

Competent  poultryman  desires  correspon- 
dence wltQ  men  having;  capital  with  a  view 
of  establishing  a  Market  Poultry  and  Duck 
Plant  the  coming  summer.  Salary  expected, 
until  business  is  on  a  paying  basis.  Qood 
references  given  from  former  employers. 

Those  with  land   but  no  capital  need  not 
answer.       Address 
JH.  S.,  CARESOUTHERN  PLANTER. 

i^TAT  jil  ro^  7  e:  D  € 

Situation  on  a  farm  in  the  southern  half  of 
the  State  of  Alabama,  by  a  Chicjigo  man,  ZA 
years  old,  single,  who  wlshe?  to  study  south- 
ern farming.  Best  of  reference  given.  Cor- 
respondence solicited.         Addre-s.-s 

H.  C.  P.,  The  Southern  Planter. 

SITUATION  WANTED. 

I.i  years  practical  experience  with  poultry. 
Understand  artlUcial  incubation.  Caponiz- 
ing  and  raising  capons  for  market. 

R.  RANDOLPH  CUYLER,    -    Orangre.Va, 

WANTED— POSITION 

As  manager  of  a  stock  or  grain  farm    by  a 
young  man,  a    graduate  of  an  Agricultural 
College.    Can  give  good  reference.   Address 
CLARENCE   SYMNS       linsioe,  w.  v*. 


1903  J 


THE  BOUTHBBN  PLAlTTBlt. 


121 


BLENDED  PANSY 

A    TEST    OFFER 
FOR     lO    f'ENTS 

For  10c.  in  Stamps  or  Coin  we  will  mall 
you  one  packet  of  our  BLEMDED  PANSY 
SEED,  comprising  all  the  bright  rainbow 
colorings  imaginable— a  veritable  flower 
garden-tot  ether  with  our  Illustrated  An- 
nual (  FREE),  containing  valuable  hints 
on  flower  seed  culture. 

WM.  ELLIOTT  S  SONS, 

Dept.  F.  s4=S6  Dey  St.,  New  York. 


2IO  Kinds  for  16c. 

S;Uzer'a  seeds  are  found  In  J 
^  and  on  more  farms  ibao^ 
■  in  America.  __ 

ir  this.  We  own  and  op- 
oouo  acres  for  ttie  produc- 
c'loico  seeds.    In  order  to  ^ 

,    e  you  to  try  them  i; 

the  following  unprecedented  oirer:| 

For  16  Cents  Postpaid  ^ 

25  Bor's  iTondfirful  oaioos, 

Sa|ioerlp?iS  Ipltuce  varieties, 

S5  rare  luscious  radtob, 

S0  8)>lrnilitl  beet  sorts, 

*5slorlou!il7  bpiicliful  flower  eeeds,^ 

all  CIO  kind^  positively  fumisliing 


ud  lots 
ables.  togeth-i 
ae  telling  all  / 


Oiihn)  fccd  at  bat  00c.  a  ponnd. 
JOHN  A.  SALZER  SEED  CO., 
La  Crosse.  Wis. 


1,000,000 

CABBAGE  PLANTS  For  Sale 

Varieties:    Charleston    Wakefleld.    Brill's 
Early  Flat  Dutch.    Price,  cash  i.o.  b.  Charles- 
ton, 81.25  per  1,000,  $1  00  per  1,000  above  5,000. 
ALSO   500.000 

GIANT  ARGENTEl  IL  ASPARAGUS  ROOTS, 

1  and  2  years  old.  grown  exclusively  from 
Imported  seeds,  at  85.00  per  1,000. 
ALFRED  JOUANNET,    Mount  Pleasant,  S.  C. 


NEW  CROP  TOBACCO  SEED. 

Cabbage,  Tomato,  Radish,  Lettuce, 
and  all  seed  for  hot  bed. 

Send  for  Catalog  of  Garden,  Farm 
and  Flower  Seed. 

DIQQS  &  BEADLES,  Inc.. 

SEEDSMEN,   1711  E.  Franklin  Street, 
Long  Dlltance  'Phone  2966.     RICHMOND,  VA. 


ited"  has  the  merit  of  being  as  true  aa  it 
is  exciting.  Joseph  Blethen's  "The  Fire 
Cat"  gives  beside  its  thrills  a  fascinating 
storv  of  an  Indian  superstition  and  an 
Indian  hero's  bravery.  Some  animal 
sketches,  an  account  of  child  life  in  Ger- 
many and  verse  and  pictures,  written  and 
designed  for  the  hearts  and  eyes  of  the 
girls  and  boys,  fill  up  the  February  num- 
ber. 

PIONEER  FARM  IMPLEMENT 
MAKER. 
The  pioneer  manufacturer  of  the  all- 
steel  harrow  was  Mr.  Roderick  Lean, 
founder  of  the  Roderick  Lean  Manufac- 
turing Co.,  of  Mansfield,  Ohio.  From  a 
meagre  beginning  in  a  small  blacksmith 
shop  to  the  largest  barrow  works  in  the 
world,  is  the  typical  illustration  that  true 
merit  wins.  Early  in  his  career  he  real- 
ized that  to  merit  success  his  product 
must  not  only  be  right  in  principle  but 
also  right  in  construction  and  material — 
honest  through  and  through.  The  evi- 
dence that  be  applied  in  practice  what 
he  believed  in  theory,  is  proved  by  the 
universal  use  and  recommendation  by 
farmers  throughout  the  length  and 
breadth  of  this  country,  of  Roderick  Lean 
harrosvs,  land  rollers,  band  carts  and 
other  farm  implements.  Their  catalogue 
is  sent  free  on  request. 

INCUB,\TORS  vs.  HENS. 

Artificial  Incubation  by  Far  the  Most 
Satisfactory. 
The  fact  is  generally  recognized  by 
farmers  and  poultrymen,  that  to  success- 
fully meet  business  compstition,  the  in 
cubator  is  a  necessary  acquisition.  The 
question  of  quantity  is  not  the  only 
point  of  vantage  over  the  hen's  ruethod 
of  raising  her  brood,  but  quality  is  also 
to  be  considered.  The  chick  that  owes 
its  existence  to  the  incubator  and  passes 
the  earlv  stages  of  life  in  a  brooder  in- 
herits a  stronger  vitality  and  is  less  sub- 
ject to  the  attacks  of  disease  and  vermin 
that  beset  the  life  of  the  chick  that 
breiks  through  the  shell  in  the  chicken- 
house  nest. 

I'he  success  of  the  incubator  and  brooder 
has  created  an  industry  that  has  rapidly 
grown  to  large  proportions.  Easily  the 
leaders  in  this  enterprise  is  the  George 
Ertel  Company,  of  Quincy,  11!.,  the 
makers  of  the  celebrated  Victor  Incuba- 
tor. An  idea  of  the  magnitude  of  their 
business  can  be  formed  from  the  state 
ment  that  in  one  day  of  February,  1902. 
thev  made  the  enormous  shipment  of 
five  carloads  of  Victors,  covering  orders 
from  every  part  of  the  world. 

The  Victor  has  many  proven  points  of 
superiority — the  claim  that  it  will  hatch 
ever}'  fertile  egg  is  based  on  many  record 
cases  where  100  per  cent,  hatches  have 
been  realized.  This  is  the  crucial  test  of 
worth  in  an  incubator — success  in  its  pri- 
mary purpose — and  should  be  the  first 
point  considered  in  purchasing  a  ma- 
chine. 

The  Ertel  Company  is  a  long  estab- 
lished firm,  and  their  products  are 
known  and  appreciated  in  every  part  of 
the  world. 

A  very  valuable  book  about  poultry 
raising  and    breeding,   illustrating    and 


^^?srs^* 


Are  Reliable  Seeds 

The  best  crop3  come  from  stte:^  tlmt  ure  thrown  It 
best  suited  tn  their    proper  develop- 


West.     THi3i3  our  speci;il  business. 

A  Large  Crop 

Is  dependent  upon  the  eharafter  of  the  seed 
you  sow.  We  can  please  you.  Everythiiip:  for  the 
Garden  and  Field.  Prices  riffht  tor  choice  stoclc. 
Full  and  completelineot  Kami,  Garden,  Dairy  and 
Poultry  Supplies.  Write  for  new  cataloR  No.  10, 
free.  HanHsoinerthanever;  cnntainsmuch  inform- 
ation.   All  Farmers  and  Gardeners  should  have  it. 

CniFFlTH  &  TURNER  COMPANY, 
20B  N.  Focn  Street,  Balllmore,  MaryUnd. 


WINES  APS 

I  have  for  sale  several  blocks  of  the 
finest  two-year  old  Winesaps  Apple  trees 
ever  grown  in  the  State.  The  trees  are 
well  branched  and  measure  from  five  to 
eight  feet  in  height  Trees  are  dug  from 
the  nursery  the  day  they  are  shipped. 

8c.  each  for  the  finest  in  lots  under  100. 

7c.     "      "     "      "        "        over   100. 

6  to  7c.  wholesale. 

CHAS.  F.  HACKETT,  Manager, 

Bonavista  Narseries, 
Albemarle  County,  Greenwood,  Va. 


FIVE=EAR  CORN 

I  have  been  planting  this  corn  for  4 
or  5  years,  and  never  expect  to  plant 
any  other  kind.  Ou  ordinary  land  it 
makes  from  25  to  80  bushels  per  acre. 
On  1%  acres  last  year  I  gathered  over 
70  bushels.  It  Is  a  flrm,  while  corn, 
and  keeps  well;  ears  under  medium 
size.  Averages  about  three  ears  to  the 
stalk,  some  stalks  having  as  many  as 
Ave  and  six  ears.  Every  farmer  ought 
to  plant  It.  Hena  15  cents  in  stamps 
for  a  start— enougbt  to  make  jou  two 
or  three  buphelf.  .Will  send  one  peck 
by  express,  collect,  for  75  cents. 


W.  M.  HOBBY, 


Sylvania,  Qa. 


Georgia  melon  Seed. 

"HOW  TO  GROW  MELONS," 

FREE. 

Write  for  prices  of  .Select 
Pure  Melon  Seed. 

B.  W.  STONE  &  CO.,  Thomasville,  Qa. 

Mention  The  Southern  Planter. 


122 


THE  80UTHEBN  PLANTER. 


[Febmary 


ELMWOOD   NURSERIES. 

ASPARAGUS 

100.000  2-yr.-oia  Asparagus  roota, 
6  varieties  A  special  rate  of  $350 
per  icon  for  2  mos.  for  BARR'S, 
PALMETTO,  CONOVER. 

APPLES 

A  large  general  assortment,  in- 
cluding WINESAP8  and  YORK 
IMPERIALS. 

Splendid  Assortment  of 

Ornamental.  Shade 

and  Fruit  Trees. 

Splendid  lot  of  POLAND-CHINA 
pigs  ready  for  shipment.  Also  pure 
BARRED  PLYMOUTH  ROCK, 
BROWN  LEaHORN,  BRAHMA 
fowls  at  $1  eacti. 

WRITE  FOR  OUR   CATALOGUE. 

J.B.WATKINS&¥o..Hallsboro,Ya. 

APPLE  TREES 

The  Bonavlsia  Nurseries  will  have  some 
•xcepllonally  fine  apple  trees  for  orchard  this 
year.  Wine  Saps.  Paraeon  (M.  B.  Twig), 
York  Imperial  (J.  F.  Winter),  Albemarle 
Pippin,  etc. 

We  did  not  have  a  complaint  last  season. 
Every  tree  Is  perfeci.  and  guarantead,  taken 
from  the  nursery  block  the  day  It  is  shipped, 
carefully  packed. 

Our  prices  are  the  lowest. 

CHAS.  F.  HACKETT,  Manaeer, 

Qreenwood,  Va. 


MONEY  IN  STRAWBERRIES 

Ir  you  GET  (JooD  Plants.  One  of  ray  cus- 
tomers the  past  season  sold  JIKXl.OO  worth  of 
Htraw'peirles  from  one  acre.  1  sold  him  the 
plants  for  lai.  You  can  do  the  sau.e  If  vou 
buy  the  best— and  Unit's  the  kind  1  have. 
CataU  g  !    H.  LIGHTFOOT,  Ch>tlanooga.  Tenn. 


ONIONSEED. 

We  are  large  growers  of  Onion  Seed, 

and  can  quote  attractive  prices. 
Write  us  when  you  are  ready  to  buy. 
Estaolishcd  1876. 
SCHILDER  BKOS.,    -  Chlllicothe,  O. 

1,000  Bushels  SEED  CORN. 

Horte  loiilh  variety.    rjOc.  per  bun. 

200  Bushels  BLACK   PE'S. 

200  Bushels  SOJA   BEANS. 

W.  H.  WILSON,  St.  Bridea,  Va. 


giving  full  information  about  the  Victor 
machines  will  be  sent  to  all  who  request 
it.  It  is  not  a  mere  advertisemj;  circu- 
lar, but  a  book  valuable  as  a  work  of 
reference.     It  is  free  for  the  asking. 

In  addition  to  having  distributing 
points  all  over  the  country  so  that  he 
maj'  fill  orders  from  any  quarter  in  the 
least  piBsible  time,  Duane  H.  Nash,  the 
manufacturer  of  the  famous  Acme  Har- 
row, of  Millineton,  N.  J.,  makes  fair  con- 
ditions for  the  patron  to  become  ac- 
quainted with  the  implement  which  he 
manufactures, 

Mr.  Nash  will  send  the  Acme  Harrow 
to  any  farmer,  and  will  give  ample  time 
for  its  thorough  trial  and  test. 

If  the  purchaser  does  not  find  it  en- 
tirely satisfactory,  he  may  return  it  at 
Mr.  Nash's  expense.  This  is  a  most  fair 
and  honest  proposition,  and  relieves  the 
purchaser  from  all  element  of  chance  in 
the  expenditure  of  his  money.  The  de- 
cision is  left  entirely  in  his  hands,  and 
he  may  render  it  according  to  his  best 
judgment  after  trial. 

These  harrows  are  delivered  free  on 
board  at  distributing  depots  conveni 
ently  located,  and  can  therefore  be  de 
livered  promptly. 

In  commendation  of  Mr.  Nash  and 
his  business  methods,  and  the  quality 
and  utility  of  the  Acme  Harrow,  we 
must  say  that  in  all  the  years  during 
which  we  have  carried  this  advertising, 
we  have  never  heard  a  single  complaint 
against  either  of  them.  The  implement 
is  too  well  known  to  require  commenda- 
tion at  our  hands. 

Write  Mr.  Nash  for  printed  matter, 
prices  and  terms  of  free  trial 

REPORTS. 
U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  Report  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  Agriculture.  Departmental 
Reports  for  ^he  year  ending  June  30, 
1902. 

Eighteenth  Annual  Report  of  the  Bu- 
reau of  Animal  Industry  for  the  year 
1901. 

Rules  and  Regulations  in  regard  to 
Renovated  Butter  in  accordance  with 
the  Act  of  Congress  approved  May  9, 
1902,  and  information  concerning 
Adulterated  Butter. 

Report  of  the  Editor  for  1902. 

Experiment  Station  Record,  Vol.  XIV, 
No.  5. 

Bureau  of  Plant  Industry.  Bulletin 
.31  Cultivated  Forage  Crops  of  the 
Northwestern  States. 

Farmers'  Bulletin  163.  Methods  of 
Controlling  the  Boll  Wet^vil. 
California  Experiment  Station,  Berkeley, 
Cal.  Report  of  Work  of  the  Agri- 
cultural Experiment  Station  for  the 
years  1898-1901. 

Bulletin  142.  Grasshoppers  in  Cali- 
fornia. 

Bulletin  143.  The  California  Peach 
Tree  Borer. 

Bulletin  144.    The  Peach  Worm. 

The  Red  Spider  of  Citrus  Trees. 

New  Method  of  Grafting  and  Budding 
Vines. 


At*  one  S 

HALF  THE  COST 

Lion  Coffee 

has  better  strength  and 
flavor  than  many  so-call- 
^ed  "fancy"  brands. 

Bulk  coffee  at  the  same 
price  is  not  to  be  com- 
pared with  Lion  in  quality. 

In  I  lb.  air  tr;;ht, 
seated  packages. 


"Feeds^i^Feeding" 

Prof.  Henry's  Great  Book  for 

Farmers    and  Stockmen. 

Delivered  anywhere  for  -      I2.0O 

*it.h  the  SOUTHERN  PLANTER,    2-25 


GREENSBORO,  N.C. 


For  the  treatment  of  THE  LIQUOR,  OPIUM,  MORPHINE  .n* 
other  Drug  Addictions.  The  Tobbacco  Habit,  Nerve  Exhaustion 

PreamSEPABATORi 

^#     All  about  them  and  other  things  for  the 
dairy  and  creamery.  A.  H.  REID,  Phila..  P«. 


$20.00 


will  buyan  "0"  size  Eclipse 
hand  cream  Separator— 1  to 
3  cows— in  perfect  condition. 
AMES,  CLAREMONT,  V« 


WINIED 


'WANTED- 

A  spcoiirt  hand  ONE-HORSE  TREAD 
POWER.  Must  lie  in  good  repair.  Wive 
full  particulars  style,  age,  maker's  name, 
condition  and  lowest  price. 

A.  S.  CRAVEN,     -    Qreenwood,  Va. 

GASOLINE    E^GINE     SECOND- 
HAND PUMPING  APPARATUS 
and  WOOD  SAW. 
H.   H.  MESCHENDORF,  Forest  Depot,  Va. 

Strawberry  Plants 

AVe  grow  lliem  on  virgin  soil,  conse- 
quently tliey  are  free  from  disease  and 
true  to  name.  Leafing  varieties,  81.65 
per  1.000  and  up.  Every  one  says  we 
have  the  finest  plant-bed  the.y  ever  saw. 
ij  acres  In  plants.  Circular  free. 
JOHN  IIGHTFOOT.       -       Sherman  Heights.  Tenir. 

GINSENG  SEED 

We  offer  for  sale  a  limiled  quantity  of  fresb 
seed,  which  we  guarantee  to  be  Qrstqaality, 
»10  per  1,000.    Address 

COMMERCIAL  GinSEKG  CO.,  Crozet,  Va. 


Mentioa    tlu    Southern    PiaiUrr    when 
writine  advei  »«»erB. 


1«03.] 


THE  BOUTHEEN  PLAJiTrEE. 


123 


/  CariSellYpur  Fann 

letrnhow.     Est.  "96.    Highest  references,     b^ces  in  14  cities. 

W.  M«  Osuander,  ikj<6N.  a.  Bld^.,  Philadelphia 

Virginia  Farms 

All  prices  and  sizes.    Free  list  on  application. 
WM.  B.  PIZZINI  CO.,  Rlchmeiid,  Va. 


GO  soon. 


For  full  p«rticularB 

write  A.  JEPFERS, 

Norfolk,  Va. 


VIRGIHIA  FARMS 

$3  PER  ACRE  AND   UPWARDS. 

Eabv  Payments.     C*TALOaue  Fhcc. 

eSO.  E.  CRAWFORD  &  CO..  Richmond,  Ys. 

Established  1875. 


>  stock  section  of  VIBO-INIA. 
Best  climate  and  water  In  the  U.  8.  Near 
rreat  markets,  with  best  educational  adTan- 
laees.    For  further  information,  address 

ALBEMARLE  IMMIGRATION  CO., 
Bam'i.  B.  Woods,  Pres.       Charlottesville,  Va. 

"PIEDMONT  XS.??' 

Good  land,  climate,  markets,  shipping  fa- 
cilities, churches,  schools,  good  health,  mode- 
rate prices,  eas.v  terms. 
MACON  &  CO.,         -         Orange,  Va. 

IV-A.NTSD  TO  BXJY 

A  Farm  of  about  250  or  300  acres,  near  R.  R. 
station  and  town.  Land  must  be  first  clasR  in 
eevry  way.  With  good  buildings.  Am  willing 
to  pay  fair  price  for  sucli  a  place.  Anyone 
bavlng  such  a  farm  for  sale,  can  address 
R.  A   COURTNAY,  339  Wyoming  Ave  .Scranton.  Pa_ 

—  FARMS — 
ORCHARDS  and  HOMES 

In  the  best  fruit  and  agricultural 
sections  of  Virginia. 
Virginia  Buoklet  and  information  free. 

J.  W.  APPERSON  &  BRO.,  Yancey  Mills,  Va. 
FOR   SA.X.E:. 

"  DAIRY  and  POULTRY  FARM." 

Large  house,  plenty  of  out  buildings  In  good 
order,  SOJ;^  acres  of  highly  iraproved  land,  with 
stock,  crops  and  all  equlpraenis.  6  miles  from 
Richmond.  A  bargain  can  be  secured  in  this 
property.    Address 

"DAIRY,"  care  Southern  Planter. 

FOR  RENT. 

To  a  good  tenant  ou  shares  or  otherwise,  a 
fine,  improved  farm  at  Jamestown.  Va.  1,100 
acres  cleared  land,  stocked  with  cattle,  sheep, 
horses  and  mules  and  all  necessary  imple- 
ments. Finest  farm  on  the  peninsula.  Apply 

NECK  OF  LAND  FARM, 

Jamestown,  Va. 


WANTED   TO   SELL. 

Having  a  government  position.  I  am  com- 
pelled to  sacrifice  my  apiary,  poultry  and 
fruit  bnsinese  located  on  15  acres  of  fertile 
land  on  navigable  tidewater  river,  about  25 
miles  from  Richmond;  six-room  dwelling, 
kitchen,  hen-house,  about  60  colonies  of  bees, 
Implements,  etc.  No  malaria;  very  healthy. 
Price,  real  estate,  8750 ;  bees,  etc.,  about  $250. 
B.  F.  BITCHIE,      -     Bichmond,  Va. 


Illinois  Experiment  Station,  TJrbana,  III. 
Bulletin  79.     The  Corn-Bill  Bugs  in 
Illinois. 
Bulletin  80.    Methods  and  Results  of 
Field  Insecticide  Work  Against  the 
San  Jose  Scale. 
Bulletin  81.     Forcing  Tomatoes. 
Kansas    State   Board  of   Agriculture, 
Topeka,  Kas.     Report  of  the  Board, 
1901-1902.    This,  like  all  the  reports 
of  this  Board  prepared  under  the  di- 
rection of   Mr.    F.   D.   Coburn,  the 
well-known  Secretary,  is  a  volume  of 
great  interest  and  value  not  only  to 
Kansas,   but  to   all  farmers    every- 
where.   The  Report  makes  an  octavo 
book  of  1,118  pages,  with  a  full  Index 
in  addition.    It  gives  valuable  infor- 
mation upon  Shorthorns  Herefords, 
Aberdeen-Angus,      Galloway,      Red 
Polled,   and   Polled   Durham  cattle; 
the  breeding,  rearing  and  fattening 
of  farm  animals  ;  the  growing  of  al- 
falfa and  numerous  other  crops,  and 
full  statistics  of  the  products  of  each 
county  in  the  State.     It  is  a  sample 
of  what  such  a  report  should  be,  and 
makes  the  reports  of  our  own  State 
Board  and  many  other  States  look 
miserable  subterfuges. 
Louis'ana    Experiment    Station,    Baton 
Rouge,   La.    A  Report  on  the  Geol- 
ogy of  Louisiana. 
Minnesota  Experiment  Station,  St    An- 
thony Park,  Minn.  Bulletin  75.   Fat- 
tening Lambs  of  Different  Grades. 
Oats  as  a  Factor  in  Feeding  Lambs. 
Balanced  and  Unbalanced  Rations. 
Bulletin  76.    Fattening  Steers  of  Dif- 
ferent Types.  Feeding  Steers  for  Short 
and   Long  Periods.     Feeding  Steers 
in  the  Stable  and  the  Open  Shed. 
Bulletin  77.   Insects  Notably  Injurious 
in  1902. 
North  Carolina  State  Board  of  Agricul 
ture,   Raleigh,   N    C.     Bulletin,  No 
vember,   1902.      Miscellaneous  Sub- 
jects 
Columbus  Horticultural  Society,  Colum- 
bus, O.    Journal  of  the  Society,  De- 
cember, 1902. 
Pennsylvania    State  Board  of   Agricul- 
ture, State  College,  Pa.    Bulletin  61. 
Annual  Report  of  the  Director. 
Hampton  Institute,  Hampton,  Va.    Na- 
ture Study  Leafletf,  No.  8.    Winter 
Buds. 
Virginia  Weather  Bureau,  Richmond,  Va. 
Report  for  December,  1902. 
Department  of  Agriculture,  Richmond, 
Va.     Annual  Report  of  the  Commission- 
er of  Agriculture.    This  is  a  small  octavo 
volume  of  170  pages,  of  which  the  Report 
of  the  Commissioner  occupies  three  pages, 
the  report  of  the  manager  of  the  test  farm 
in  Charlotte  county   21    pages,  and  the 
report  of  the  chemist  13  pages.    The  bal- 
ance of  the  book  is  mainly  made  up  of 
clippings    from    agricultural    and    other 
journals  published  in  various  parts  of  the 
country.    The  only  suggestions    of   the 
commissioner  for  making  more  efficient 
the  work  of  the  department  for  the  ad- 
vancement of  the  agricultural  interests 
of  the  State  are  one  in  favor  of  an  appro- 
priation for  the  execution  of  a  pure-food 


IF  YOU  WISH  TO  SELL 

OR.    BUY 

VIRGINIA  LANDS 

Communicate  with  us.    Write  for  free 
"Virginia  Real  Estate  .lournal,"  con- 
taining many  i-plendid  bargains. 
R.  B.  CHAFFIN  &  CO..  Inc., 

No.  1  N.  10th  St.,  Richmond,  Va. 


WE  HAVE  A  LARGE  LIST  OF 

FRUIT,  POULTRY  and  TRUCK  FARMS. 

Ten,  Fifty  and  One  Hundred  Acres  each,  with 
good  buildings,  close  to  steam  and  trolley 

lines,  easy  access  to  the  city.    Also 

QRAIN    AND    STOCK   FARMS 

From  lOO  to  1.000  acres  at  low  prices,  all  th» 

way  from  ;5  to  «50  per  acre.    Write  for 

Catalogue. 

THE  VIRGINIA  LAND  AGENCY.  RIclimand,    a. 

J.  R.  HocKADAT,  Manager. 

linilCC  AND  THE  PLACE  TO 
nUlfICO  FIND  THEM..^^ 

No  place  in  the  United  States  can  a  man 
do  80  well  at  farming,  for  the  money  in- 
vested, as  in  Virginia.  Lands  are  cheap  ; 
climate  good,  and  the  best  of  market* 
close  at  hand.  It  is  the  State  of  all 
others,  for  a  comfortable  all  the  year 
round  home.  The  James  River  Valley 
Colonization  and  Improvement  Company 
offer  superior  advantages  to  land  pur- 
chasers. For  free  36  page  land  pamphlet, 

VV?A.  PARSONS,        Vinita,  Va. 


"Crop  Growing 
I  Crop  Feeding' 

j  BY  PROF.  W.   F.  MASSEY. 

383  Pp.      Cloth,  $1.00;  Paper,  60c. 


We  oiler  this  splendid  work  in  connec- 
tion with  the  Southern    Planter 
at  the  foil  lowing  prices: 


OW  or  new  subscriptions. 

The  RICHMOND,  FREDERICKSBURG 

and  POTOMAC  R.  R. 
and  WASHINGTON  SOUTHERN  R'Y 

Form  the  Link  connecting  the 

Atlantic  Cost  Line  R.  R., 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  R.  R., 
Chesapealce  and  Ohio  R'y, 
Pennsyivania  R.  R., 
Seaboard  Air  Line  R'y 
and  Southern  R'y. 
Between  all  points,  via  Richmond,  Va. 
Fast  Mall.  Passenger  ard  Express  Route  be- 
tween  Richmond,   Fredericksburg,   Alexan- 
dria,  Washington,   Baltimore.    Philadelphia, 
New  York,  Boston,  Pittsburg,  Buffalo  and  All 
Points  North,  East  and  West. 
I         W.  P.  TAYLOR.  Traffic  Manager,  Richmond,  Vi, 


124 


THB  80T7THBRN  PLAIITEB. 


[Febraary 


CYPHERS 

GUARANTEED. 

It  is  to  give  uniformly  bigger 
per  cents  in  hatches  than  any 
other  incubator,  or  your  money 
back.  Self-reKulatin«.  self-vcn- 
tilating.  supplies  moisture  auto- 
matically. The  machine  that 
makes  its  ownwayinto  all  parts 
of  the  world.  Our  brand  new 
poultry  book  of  l*'o  paiies  shows 
Cyphers  Incubator  and  Brooder  scenes  in  this 


and 


htry,  hnfjlanj.  German,',  Moll: 

jsses  from  practical  and  scientilic  standpoints  al- 
rry  phase  of  the  poultry  business.  It  is  without 
the  greatest  catalofpic  and  general 


..  „  poultry  work 

ever  issued.    It  is  free,  but  we  ask  you  to  send  us  the  post- 
age, 10*:.    Write  to-day  f..r  Book  No.  177      Circulars  free. 


The  Automatic 

Sure  Hatch 


30 


s  Free  Trial 


luatlc.     Nev 

iilutor— (rreatestimprn 

incubators.     No  conipIk-aiJons. 


of  the  bcsi 

direct^i 

niado 

illnstratfa  catalogue  free. 

SURE  HATCH  INCUBATOR  CO., 

Clay   Center,  Neb.  or  Columbus,  Ohio 


onublc  price.    Don't  pay  double  for  ouiof  dati 


The  PRAIRIE   STATES 

KEEP  AT  THE  HEAD 
More  made-more  sold- 
pri:;es  won  than 
ILL  OTHERS  Combined, 
3---ad  for  catalocie-just  out-fin- 
est ever  le sued. Monti  on  this  pape: 
PRAIRIE    STATE    INCUBATOR  Co. 
HOMER   CITY    ,   Pa,,   U.S.A. 


342 

FIRST 

PRIZES 

WON 


RELIABLE  GUARANTEED. 

he    KtlluMe 


molitur.,  I 

Yards  Fine  Poultry,     g^^     Bell>bl.l»h,  andBn 

BoxB  II   ,.  qiiino,.  111. 


Build  Your  Own  Incubatof, 

(rat4-<l  I'lans  Bad  lo^ti^cUunH 

ng  Incubators  and  Brooders  hy 
which  a   SOO-Kge  Hot  Water  (Q 


How  10  flake  0 


d  Sato  HoDey  ,,Illi  aa 
-AOKSTS  WiNTKU. 


rnA>x«>N.sM>>r .(  <i»..iiii.i.  lan  jjuin 


VICTOR, 
INCUBATORS 


-J     \i 


MARK     YOUR    STOCK. 

U«e  the 

KENTUCKV   ALUMINUM    EAR    LABEL. 

Made  by  F.  H.  J  ack.son  &  Co.,  Winchester, 
Ky,    Write  to  them  for  free  gamples. 


law  and  another  authorizing  the  depart- 
ment to  analyze  minerals  and  mineral 
waters,  neither  of  which  it  would  seem 
to  U8  would  amount  to  much  in  the  way 
of  helping  firmers  to  make  their  labors 
more  profitable.  When  one  considers  the 
cost  and  expenditures  of  the  Department, 
which  amounted  in  the  year  to  $.35,070.10 
actually  expended,  and  $8,500  in  addition 
appropriated  for  work  not  yet  executed, 
and  the  showing  of  the  work  done,  as  ex- 
hibited by  these  short  reports,  it  would 
seem  that,  like  Falstaff's  celebrated  tav- 
ern bill,  there  is  an  "  intolerable  amount 
of  sack  to  very  little  food."  The  salaries 
and  commissions  of  the  officers  of  the 
Department  and  the  oflice  expenses 
pniount  to  $8,930.12,  nearly  as-much  as 
c  Legislature  (when  the  Department 
was  given  an  appropriation  and  the  fer- 
tilizer tax  was  turned  into  the  treasury), 
appropriated  fer  the  whole  cost  and  ex- 
penses of  the  Department  and  the  cost  of 
the  fertilizer  inspection.  Now,  in  addi- 
tion to  this  outlay,  there  is  an  additional 
one  of  $6,.S97.U  for  expenses  of  inspec- 
tion. iSurely  this  is  an  extravagant  out- 
lay for  the  work  done  ami  recults  attain- 
ed. We  are  also  disappointed  at  the  re- 
sults obtained  at  the  test  farm,  as  dis- 
closed in  the  manager's  report.  Perhaps 
it  would  be  unjust  to  charge  or  blame 
this  wholly  to  the  manager  as  he  seems, 
like  the  Israelites  of  old,  to  have  been 
expected  largely  to  make  bricks  without 
straw,  notwithstacdingthe  fact  that  there 
has  already  been  expended  on  the  farm 
during  the  vear  $9,843.04,  and  appropria- 
ted for  it,  but  not  expended,  .$4,500.00. 
He  complains  that  he  cannot  make  com 
rlete  experiments  and  give  the  results 
reached  frooa  lack  of  scales  to  weigh  his 
crops,  and  we  judge  from  lack  of  measure 
in  which  to  measure  them,  as  he  gives 
estimates  of  the  production  in  many  cases 
where  actual  measure  ought  to  be  given, 
even  to  fractions  of  a  pound.  Experi- 
ments conducted  on  such  a  loose  system 
aa  this  can  never  result  in  supplying  re- 
liable data  for  the  guidance  of  farmers. 
Judging  from  the  amount  alrealy  spent 
on  the  farm  and  appropriated  for  it,  and 
the  lack  of  equipment  as  yet  for  carrying 
on  the  work  of  an  Experiment  Station  as 
disclosed  in  the  manager's  report,  it 
would  seem  that  this  gift  is  likely  to 
prove  rather  a  costly  one  for  the  State 
before  it  makes  any"  returns.  Frankly, 
when  one  compares  what  is  being  done 
by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  of  this 
State  with  that  done  by  the  Department 
of  Agriculture  of  the  State  of  Kansas,  as 
disclosed  in  each  case  by  the  reports  sub- 
mitted by  the  executive  officer  of  each 
department,  both  of  which  reports  the 
Virginia  one  of  170  pages,  the  Kansas 
one  of  118  pages,  are  now  lying  before  us, 
we  are  compelled  to  feel  ashamed  and 
humiliated  at  the  poor  showing  made  by 
tfiia  State.  It  is  time  for  an  awakening  of 
interest  in  the  Department  by  those  in 
whose  interest  it  is  supposed  to  be  run 
and  who  supply  the  funds  to  run  it  by  a 
tax  levied  upon  the  fertilizer  they  use, 
which  tax  they  as  certainly  pay  as  though 
collected  directly  from  them.  So  far  as 
one  is  able  to  gather  from  the  report  the 
function  of  the  Boa-d  of  Agriculture  is 
now  simply  that  of  an  auditing  commit- 
tee for  a  fertilizer  inspection  department. 


Moorewood  Poultry  Farm, 

Chesterfield  Co.,    -    Wisevllle,  Va. 


BRBBDERS  OF 

HlgliestrGiade  Barred  Plymouth  Roclt, 
White  Wyandotte,  Black  Minorca  and 
Partridge  Cochin  Fowls.  We  won  19  prizes 
at  late  Richmond  Show.  Breeding  stock 
and  eggs  for  sale  at  al  1  times.  If  you  mean 
business,  write  for  Handsome  and  Valu- 
able Illustrated  Catalogue  and  Poultry 
Guide.    Write  to-day. 


PURE  BRED,    PRIZE-WINNING 

^  FOWLS  ^ 

MAMMOTH   BRONZE  TURKEYS. 

We  have  the  winuiug  pen  of  Madison 
Square  Garden  Show.  Gobbler  weighs  45 
lbs. ;  beus,  26  lbs. 

PEKIN   DUCKS.   .   . 

Prize-winning  drake  at  Philadelphia  and 

New  York  Madison  Square  Garden.  Young 

ducks  weigh  14  lbs.  pt-r  pair. 
PLYMOUTH  ROCKS,  Barred  and  White. 
WHITE  HOLLAND  TURKEYS. 

A  limited  number  fowls  and  eggs  for  sale. 
Also  pure  bred  P0L.4ND  CHIN.A.S.  SHET- 
LAND PONIES.  HORSES,  and  RED  POLLED 
CATTLE,  the  milk,  butler  and  beef  breed. 
ALBEM.VRLE  PROLIFIC  SEED  CORN. 

ARROWHEAD  STOCK  FARM, 
Sam'l  B.  Woods,  Prop.     Charlottesville,  W«. 

QRANITE    POULTRY    YARDS. 

^  Fine  Laying  Strains  <^ 

BIRRED  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS 
Silver  LigedWYANDOITES 

My  best  pen  of  Silvers  will  be  headed  this 
season  with  a  fine  cock  direct  from  Mr.  J.  T. 
Orr,  out  of  his  famous  laying  htraln  of  Silver- 
Laced  Wyandottes.  EGGS  at  81  00  per  setting 
of  15  at  Express  Office,  Salisbury,  IN.  C. 

Mrs.  JOHN  D.  A.  FISHER, 

R.  F.  D.  No.  3,   Salisbury,  N.  C. 

BARRED  and  BUFF 

PLYMOUTH  ROCKS 

Cocks  and  Cockerels,  81.50  and  81.00  each, 

trios,  85.00. 

FRED  NUSSEY,     ■     Summit.  Spotsylvania  Co.,  Va. 


1903.  J 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAHl'BB. 


125 


..HOLLY8ROOK  FARM.. 

EGGS^"SETTING 

From  Thoroughbred  Poultry. 

In  our  poultry  yards  we  have  the  loUowlDg 
thoroughbred  poultry,  all  flrstrClass  stock, 
•riglnallv  started  frora  the  bf st  stock  in  this 
country,"aud  carefully  cross-mated  so  as  to 
give  strong  and  vigorous  stock  and  the  best 
laying  strains  of  the  different  breeds  that  it  Is 
possible  to  obtain : 

BARRED  P.  ROCK.  $1.00  per  sitting. 
BLACK  LAN&SHAN.  $r.oo  per  sitting. 
BUFF  PLYMOUTH  ROCK.  $1.50  sitting. 
LIGHT  BRAHMAS.  $1.50  per  sitting. 
SILVER    LACEO    WYANDOTTE.        Price, 

$1.50  per  sitting. 

WHITE  WYANDOTTE.    $1.50  per  sitting. 

In  addition    to   careful   breeding,  we    pay 

special  attention  to  the  handling  and  packing 

of  our  Eggs,  so  as  to  ensure  good  fertility  and 

a  good  hatch. 

We  have  also  for  sale  a  few  tlrstrclass  young 
cockerels  of  B.\RRb'.D  and  BUFF  PLY- 
MOUTH ROCKS,  SILVER  L.\CED  WYAN- 
DOTTE, LIGHT  BR.^HMAS  AND  WHITE 
WYANDOTTE. 
Price,  81.50  and  S2  each,  crated  for  shipment. 
HENRY  W.  WOOD, 
P.  0.  Box  330.     Holl)brock  Farm.  RICHMOND, VA 

SILVER  L&GED 

WYtNDOTUS 

Choice  purebred  spec- 
imens of  eitb  er  Eex,  $1 
each,  in  any  quantity. 
Eggs  in  season. 


SRECiAL  SALE. 

Natioaal  strain, 

M.  BRONZE  TURKEYS. 

Descendants  of  prize  winners.  Sold  in 
pairs  or  trios.  Lar^e,  beautiful  birds, 
at  exceedingly  low  prices.  The  first 
orders  will  get  pick  of  large  flock. 

Correspondence  solicited. 
PIEDMONT  POTJLTBY  PLACE, 
MIssE.Calile  Giles.  Prop.,  Whittle's  Depot,  Va. 


Barred,  Buflf  and  White  P.  Rocks,  Light 
Brahnias,  Whit-e  Wyandottes,  Buff  Coch- 
ins, Partridge  Cochins,  Black  Langshan, 
Black  Minorca,  S.  C.  Brown  Leghorns  and 
S.  C.  White  Leghorns.  Stock  for  sale  cheap. 
Prize  winner  eggs,  $1  for  1.3.  A  hatch  of  %, 
or  order  duplicated  al  half  price. 

OAKLAND  POULTRY  FARM.  Ruffln,  N.  0. 
Box  5.  C.  1.  Warriner,  Manager. 


FINE  ILLUS- 
TRATED 
I  CATALOG 
'  for    stamp, 
if  3'ou  men- 
this  paper. 
J  All  poultry 


32  Varieties 
Best  Poultry  | 


keepers  should  have  It.    J  NO.  E.  HEATWOLE, 
Harrisonburg,  Virginia. 

F  B I Z  £  WINNINGS 

AT  RICHMOND  SHOW  1902. 

I  received  1st  on  pen,  1st  on  hen,  1st  and 

2nd  on  pullets,  3rd  on  cockerel. 

Choice  cockerels,  82  to  $.5.    Hens  and  pullets, 

12  to  15.  Write  me  your  wants,  I  can  please 

you.    Eggs,  $2  per  15  in  season, 

C.  G.  M.  FINK,  1409  W.  Leigh  St.,  Richmond,  Vi. 


Surely  this  was  not  what  was  contem- 
plated by  the  Constitution  and  the  Legis- 
lature when  it  was  created.  It  should  be 
a  force  foT  the  advancement  of  the  agri- 
cultural interests  of  the  State  with  the 
Commissioner  as  merely  an  executive 
officer. 

RELIABLE  INCUBATORS  AND 
BROODERS. 

In  the  Iccubator  World  there  are  com- 
paratively few  who  discover  at  first  hand 
and  apply  any  necessary  principle  of  arti- 
ficial incubation.  There  are  many  Jol- 
lowera.  Ideas  are  quickly  appropriated 
and  dozens  of  coniems  are  constantly 
engaged  in  hurriedly  throwing  together 
machines  and  foisting  them  upon  the 
market  in  imitation  of  any  valuable  dis 
covery,  in  the  hope  of  getting  a  share  of 
the  profit. 

Perhaps  the  most  important  feature 
which  distinguishes  the  Reliable  from 
any  and  all  other  makes  of  incubators  is 
its  superb  construction,  which  enables  it 
to  produce  and  hold  a  uniform  tempera 
ture  upon  all  parts  of  the  egg  tray 
throughout  the  entire  hatch.  This  does 
not  mean  that  it  fails  in  any  essential 
possessed  by  any  other  incubator,  but  in 


LEGHORN  POULTRY  YARDS 


this  one  particular  it  stands  in  a  class  by 
itself.  Poultrymen  everywhere  recognize 
the  superior  genius  manifested  by  the 
Reliable's  work.  The  manufacturing 
company  is  enabled  to  take  a  broad 
stand  upon  it.  The  offer  they  make 
shows  that  they  never  doubt  for  a  mo- 
ment that  the  machine  in  comparison 
with  others  will  give  the  highest  per 
cent,  in  hatches  under  all  conditions  and 
in  any  impartial  man's  hands.  They 
make  the  statement  everywhere  in  the 
form  of  a  positive  guarantee  that  "the 
machine  must  prove  satisfactory  to  the 
customer  in  his  own  hands  and  hatch  the 
largest  possible  percentage  of  chicks 
from  the  fertile  eggs  or  his  money  will 
be  refunded."  We  are  showing  here  cut 
of  one  of  the  incubators. 

For  detailed  description,  we  must  refer 
our  readers  to  the  company's  catalog  and 
Poultryman's  Guide,  mentioned  in  the 
advertisement  elsewhere  in  our  journal. 
This  book  will  be  mailed  to  any  one 
writing  for  it  on  receipt  of  ten  cents  to 
pay  for  postage. 

Now  is  the  time  to  terrace  and  irrigate 
your  farms.  You  should  not  delay  this 
work  any  longer.  See  advertisement  of 
Bostrom's  Improved  Farm  Level  in  this 
journal.  '     'S:^SMilaiBl      • . 

.  _. r^r:* 

T*  aakecows  ^ay,  ate  Sharpies  Crean  Seearatert. 
Book  "Business  Dairytng  "  A  Cat.  305  free.  W. 
Oliester,  Pit.B 


Have  for  sale  a  limited  number  of  .Single 
Comb  Brown  and  White  Leghorn  Pullets  and 
Roosters.  Best  Layei's  known.  Prize-winning 
stock.  Price,  $1.00  to  SI. 50  each.  Eggs  in  season 
at  81.00  for  16 :  85  00  per  100.  Satisfaction  guar- 
anteed.   Address 

A.  T.  MATTHEWS,  Box  36,  Parksiey,  Va. 


WHITE  LEGHORNS, 
BLACK  MINORGAS, 

PULLETS,  HENS  and  COCKERELS. 

High-grade  at  low  prices, 
lor  quick  sales. 

CHtS,  P.  WINSTON,   -  Amelia,  Va. 

Blaol(  Langshans. 

Fine  stoclr  and  free  range.    Only  breed 

kept.    Splendid  winter  layers,     A 

few  birds  for  sale. 

Cocks,  $2..50;  Hens,  $1.50;  Eggs.  SI.50,  perlo. 

Satisfaction  guaranteed. 


A.  N.JOHNSOF, 


Parksiey,  Va. 


RINGLETT  WINTER-LAYING  STRAIN 

B.  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS. 

Choice  Cockerels,  Si. 50  t.o  $2.50.  Eggs,  in  sea- 
son, per  15,  Jl.OO.  Incubator  Eggs,  83.00  per 
hundred.  If  not  as  good  as  you  cau  get  else- 
where for  twice  the  money,  return  and  get 
your  money  back. 

8UNNYSIDE  POULTRY  FARM 
Reference:  Christiansburg,  Va. 

Bank  of  Christiansburg. 


BRGWN  LEGHORNS 

(Single  Comb.) 

Eggs  from  prize  winners  and  good  layers  S.I50 
per  sitting.    Reduction  on  larger  lots. 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS 

R.  W.  HAW,  Jr.,    -    Centralia,  Va. 


PLYMOUTH  ROCK  EGGS 
FOR  BROILERS. 

The  undersigned  can  furnish  them  In 

limited  quantities  at  H  for  100. 

F.  O.  B.  at  Claremont,  Va. 

J.  M.  HUGHES.    Claremont,  Surry  Co..  Va^ 


126 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLAITTEE. 


[Febraary 


LIVE  WILD  TURKEYS.  SWANS, 

QEESE.  DUCKS  of  all  kinds, 

SQUIRRELS,  etc. 

Write  me  for  prices. 

Dr.  CECIL  FRENCH.  -  Wasliinston.  D.  C, 
TISTweltth  St..  N.  W. 

EGGS!  EGGS!  EGGS! 

Best  B   P.  Hooks  in  Virginia. 
I  IHawkiiis.  riii.inpsuu  and  Bradley  sIraiDS. 

tl.ii  p.-r  titling  .13i. 

M.  B.  Turkey  Egtis.  .iOc.  each.  M  per  dozen. 

Even  the  best  is  never  loo  good,  you'd  better 
buy  of  me  Mammoth  Pekin  Hocks. 
THE  CEDARS  WM.  G.  OWENS. 

P.  and  S.  FARM.  Midlothian.  Va. 


COCKERELS. 

.S.  C.  B.  Leghorn.  $i  each,  li  for  j...  As 
good  as  the  best.  SatisfaclioQ  or  money 
refundc'l. 

TURKEYS  all  sold. 

Eggs  from  B.  P.  HOCKS.  $1  per  sitting. 

Mrs  .I.Ml.  K.  PAYNE. 
Clairmont  Dairv  Farm.    I'niversitv  of  Va. 


w 


hite  and  Barred  Rock 
cocx£E:R£:r.s 

single  bird,  *I.O0:  trio.  $-.".50.  Eag*  for  hatch- 
ing. 7.5  els.  for  setting  of  1.5.  JERSEY  BULL, 
No.  S4I71.  J.B.JOHNSON, 

Clover  Hill  Farm.  M.\nass.\s,  Va 

"WUTTC  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS, 
W  nl  1 E  HOLLAND  TURKEYS 

Fine  strains  and  beantlfal  birds.  Will 
be  sold  at  reasonable  prices.  Farm 
bred  birds  and  very  healthy;  six 
months  old.  A  few  Setter  puppies  a 
month  old.  For  pricesa  nd  particulars 
apply 
JOHN  A.  CLARK.    -    SHIRLEY,  VA. 


THE  IMP.  FRUIT  AND  POULTRY  FARM 

OFFER.'i 

200  B,  P.  ROCK  and  S.  C.  B.  LEGHORN 
COCKERELS  and  PULLETS 

At  only  II  each.    This  stock  Is  pure, 
and  will  please. 

P.  H.  MEYDENREICM,  Prop  ,       Staunton,  Va. 


FOR  S.A.r.E:. 


This  year's  bird.    Weighs  25  lbs.    Price,  15. 

APPLY 

MRS.  A.  E.  JOHNSON.    -    .Manchester,  Va. 

Barred  Plymouth  Rocks 

EXCLUSIVELY 

.Strong,     healthy,    vigorous,    larm-ralsed 
stock  ;  bred  for  laying :  75  els.  per  setting. 

WM.  B.  LEWIS,  Irby,  Nottoway  Co.,  Va. 

MAMMOTH    BRON Z E~T  U  R  K  E  Y  S 

FOK  S.^i-K  at   reasonable   prices,  Barred 
Plvinouih  Kock  K tigs.  SI  per  dozen. 
RObI.  B.  TAYLOR.  Cedon   Caroline  Co  .  Va. 

I  have  a  few  purebred 

BUFF  PLYMOUTH    ROCKS    FOWLS 

FOK  SALrf.  Price,  tl  apiece. 

W.  C.  DORSET,       -     Pllkiaton,  Va. 


COMPULSORY   SCHOOL   ATTEND- 
A.N'CE-SOME  REASONS  FOR  IT. 

The  best  schools  will  never  eradicate 
the  evil  of  illiteracy  until  there  is  an  effec- 
tive attendance  law  in  every  t^tate.  To  be 
etfective  the  law  must  be  compulsory, 
with  sjllicient  penalties  to  cause  it  to  be 
obeyed.  This  has  been  the  exp  rience  of 
all  other  States  and  countries,  and  we  may 
not  expect  a  different  result  here  in  the 
South.  The  sooner  we  profit  by  their  ex- 
ample the  better. 

At  pretent  Austria,  France,  England, 
Scotland,  Hungary,  Italy,  Norway,  Swe 
den.  Denmark,  the  Swiss  Cantons,  the 
German  .States,  British  Columbia,  New 
Zealand,  Prince  Edward  Island.Taamania, 
Queensland,  .South  .■Vustralia,  the  prov- 
inces of  Canada,  and  tbirly-two  of  the 
United  States  have  compulsory  attend- 
ance laws.  With  a  few  minorexceptions, 
these  laws  require  artendame  six,  seven 
or  eight  years,  from  twelve  weeks  to  ten 
months  annually.  In  all  the  States  in 
which  such  laws  have  been  enforced 
longer  than  twenty-five  or  thirty  years 
the  percentage  of  illiteracy  has  been  re 
duced  to  a  minimum.  These  States  and 
countries  contain  a  population  of  more 
than  two  hundred  and  fifty  million  peo- 
ple, the  freest  and  most  progressive  in 
the  world— more  than  eighty  per  cent  of 
all  the  people  we  call  enlightened  and 
progressive.  Of  the  thirty-two  American 
States  having  such  a  law  only  two — Ken- 
tuck}'  and  West  Virginia — are  Southern 
States.  But  what  has  been  found  good 
for  all  these  great  States  and  countries 
will  probaoly  not  prove  otherwise  for  ue : 
and  it  is  noted  with  pleasure  that  the 
sentiment  in  favor  of  such  a  law  is  devel 
oping  rapidly  in  all  parts  of  the  South. 

The  following  seems  to  be  a  fair  sum- 
mary of  the  arguments  for  compulsory 
school  attendance : 

1.  Universal  education  is  essential  to 
the  material,  intellectual  and  moral  wel- 
fare of  the  State.  Illiteracy  is  a  bur  Jen 
and  constant  menace  to  public  morals 
and  civil  liberty,  and  threatens  the  very 
existence  of  the  State.  The  State  pro- 
vides schools  at  public  expense,  collect- 
ing money  for  their  support  by  law,  and 
by  force  if  necessary.  It,  therefore,  has 
a  right  to  enforce  attendance,  that  its 
money  may  not  be  wasted  and  that  its 
interests  may  be  protected. 

2.  Individual  welfare  depends  on  the 
general  welfare.  Having  taken  the  money 
of  one  man  to  educate  the  children  of  an- 
other, the  State  must  protect  that  man 
and  his  children  from  the  oppression  and 
dangers  of  illiterate  neighbors  and  fellow- 
citizens. 

3.  Children  have  rights  as  well  as  pa- 
rents, and  the  State  must  protect  them  m 
their  rights.  Chief  among  these  is  the 
right  to  such  education  as  will  enable 
them  to  live  useful  and  happy  lives  and 
become  intelligent  and  self-supporting 
citizens.  The  importance  of  this  right 
and  the  necessity  of  its  being  recognized 
increase  as  comoetition  becomes  more 
fierce,  the  use  of  machinery  more  com- 
mon, the  demand  for  intelligent  labor 
greater,  government  more  democratic, 
religious  liberty  more  perfect,  and  the 
obligations  of  the  individual  to  himself, 
his  family,  his  country,  and  the  world 
more  complex  and  bindiing.    Especially 


For  Sale » "^^^  '^'"^  M.  8.  TOMS 

EGGS  In  geaeon  of  M.  B.  Turke.vf.  s.  C.  B. 
Legborn  and  Wbile  \V>andolte  Cblckens  and 
Pe^in  Ducbs.  Addre&s  aiiss  CLARA  L.  SMI  th. 
Croxton.  Caroline  Count).  Virginia, 

FME  B.  PLYMOUTH  «iOCKS. 

.S.  C  Brows  and  White  Leghoi'.vs  and 

BcFF  CocHi.N  OmcHENB.  and  Ff.ki» 

DrcKS  FOR  SALB.    oOcts  to  Jl. 

Re«.  J.  W    HECKMAN.        -       Spot  s>lvanla,  Va. 

BUtCk  DEVILS  ant  RED  HORSES. 

These  Cocks  won  90  per  ct.  of  battles  fought 

in  1901  and  1902.  and  have  never  losi  a  battle 

when  gameness  and  cutting  qualities  could 

win.    Kggs,  $2  per  sitting  and  st*jck  for  sale. 

THUS.  W.  JARM.^N.  Yancey  Mills,  Va. 
MAVVKSLEV   STOCK    FARH. 

Large  ENGLISH  BERKSHIRES 
B.  P.  ROCKS  FOWLS, 

Eggs  from  same,  ?t  per  IX 
J.  T.  OLIVER,  Allen^s  Levef,  Va. 

WANTED-A  LARGE  JACK, 

Must  be  good  foal-geiler. 

ADDRESS,  stating  age.  size,  price,  etc., 

WILLIAM   E.   SANDERS.   Gratitude.  Kent  Co..  Md. 


JACKS  and  JENNETS 

FOR  SALE. 

Enclose  2  cent  stamp  for 
new  catalogue. 
W.  E.  KNI6HT&  CO., 

R.  F.  D.  5.    Nashville. Tana. 


!h 


riNE  JACKS. 

Mulfs  are  equal  to  Gold  Dollars,  from 

'•  youth  to  old  age."    Several  nice  ones 

and  2  very  flne  Jennetts  for  sale.    Bay 

Jack  now  and  get  hira  ready  for  spring. 

Write  your  want*  to 

L.  1_  THOHAS. 
722  W.  Campbell  Ave..       -       Roanoke.  V«. 

KNIGHT  &  JETTON, 

Breeders  of  and, Dealers  in 

Jacks,  Jsnnits, 
Stallions. 

Fine  lacks  A  Speciilt| 
Write  for  cat. 


150  Jacks,  Jennets  &  Mules  ISO 


Best  assortment  1 
ever  owned.  Can 
suit  you  exactly. 
NVrlte  for  descrip- 
tion and  prices. 

Also  will  sell  two 
Percberon  stalliona 
at  close  figures. 
BAKER'S  JACK  FARM, 

Lawrence.  Indiana. 


CLYDESDALE  STALLION. 

Will  trade  for  Hereford  bull  and  heifers 
or  Angora  go  ts.  Must  be  registered  stock. 
Horse  it  No.  4561,  .5ih  Vol.,  American  blud 
Book.     Hecost,  J1.4U0,  flvejears  ago. 

Wilte  what  you  have. 

JO.  HaROIE,  Brown's  Summit.  N.  C. 


i»y3.] 


THE  80UTHBEN  PLAJSTTBE. 


127 


Now  we  do  not  claim  that  Kow-Kure 
will  make  milk,  because  it  is  not  a  food, 
but  it  puts  the  digestive  organs  in  condition 
to  get  the  most  out  of  what  is  eaten.  In 
this  way  it  makes  the  cow  give  a  larger 
flow  of  richer  milk. 

Sutton,  Vt.,  March  6,  iSgg. 
Dear  Sirs;  I  had  doubts  about  Kow-Kure 
increasing  the  flow  of  milk  in  a  cow  in  the  best  con- 
dition. To  make  a  test  I  weighed  each  milking. 
After  feeding  the  medicine  three  days  there  was  an 
increase  of  two  pounds,  and  a  gradual  increase 
through  the  week  until  she  had  gained  two  and 
three-fourths  pounds  per  day.  This  cow  had  the 
same  feed  while  tjiking  the  medicine  as  she  did 
before.  I  consider  this  result  simply  wonderful  in  a 
cowthatwasin  the  best  condition.    F.  M.Abbott. 

Kow-Kure  is  in  powder  form,  to  be  given  in 
regular  feed.  It  cures  abortion,  barrenness  and 
scours,  removes  retained  afterbirth  and  caked 
udder,  strengthens  the  appetite,  purifies  the  blood, 
vitalizes  the  nerves  and  prevents  disease.  It  in- 
creases the  milk.  It  is  a  medicine  for  cows  only, 
made  by  the  Dairy  Association,  Lyndonville,  Vt., 
and  for  saie  by 


READERS 

OF  THE 

PLANTER 

In  want  of  a  PIANO  will  And  it  to  their 
interest  to  write  to  us.  Weassure  them 
there  Is  such  a  thing  as  buying  an 
honestly-made  instrument  at  a  mode- 
rate price. 

We  make  CASH  and  TIME  SALES, 

an'l  are  willing  to  take  part  payment 
in  Stock  and  Farm  Products. 

Write  and  state  your  wishes. 

F.  W.  WALTER  &  SON, 

STAUNTON,  VA. 


€m  WFFIf  I  Y        straight  salary  and   ex- 
^aw  ntblVbli  penses   pad   to   advertise 
and  introduce  our  Poultry  Compound  in  tlie 
country ;  rig  necessary.    Encios*-  staiup. 
Oept.ZI  8,  Royal  Co-Op.  Mfg.  Co..  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


must  it  be  regarded  in  those  States  in 
which  the  right  of  suffrage  depends  on 
educational  qualification. 

4.  Such  a  law  cannot  interfere  with  jny 
right  of  parents ;  for  no  parent  has  a  right 
to  make  a  slave  of  his  child  or  to  rob  it 
of  the  opportunity  of  gaining  an  element- 
ary education.  Parents  who  would  com 
mit  this  crime  against  their  children 
should  be  restrained  and  punished.  Such 
a  law  cannot  be  a  burden  to  those  who 
would  educate  their  children  without  it. 
As  the  laws  against  stealing  are  not  bur- 
densome to  honest  men,  so  a  reasonable 
compulsory  law  cannot  be  burdensome  to 
parents  who  desire  to  deal  honestly  and 
justly  with  their  children. 

5.  The  experience  of  other  States  and 
countries  has  demonstrated  that  such  laws 
may  be  made  effective,  and  that  they 
need  not  work  any  hardship  on  individ- 
ual citizens. 

Teachers,  school  officers,  and  all  leaders 
of  thought  in  the  South  must  begin  and 
continue  to  cultivate  sentiment  on  this 
subject,  until  just  laws  are  on  the  statute 
books  and  are  properly  enforced. 

CATALOGUES. 

J.  M.  Thorburn  &  Co.,  36  Cortlandt 
street.  New  York,  Seedsmen.  This  is  a 
beautifully  got  up  book,  and  contains 
much  valuable  information.  The  firm  is 
an  old  and  reliable  one. 

Griffith  &  Turner  Co.,  Paca  street,  Bal- 
timore, Seedsmen.  A.  handsome  book 
replete  with  information  on  farm  and 
garden  supplies. 

H.  Lightfoot,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
Strawberry  plants. 

The  A.  I.  Root  Co.,  Medina,  0.  Bee- 
keepers' supplies. 

Sure  Hatch  Incubator  Co.,  Clay  Cen 
ter,  Neb.,  and  Columbus,  O.  A  useful 
catalogue  for  those  needing  an  incubator 
or  brooder. 

Landreth's  Seed  Catalog,  Market  street, 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

James  Vieks  Son?,  191  Main  street 
East,  Rochester,  N.  Y.    Seedsmen. 

J.  I.  Case  Threshing  Machine  Co, ,  Ra 
cine,  Wis. 

The  Deming  Co.,  Salem,  0.  Spray 
Pumps  and  Nozzles,  Hand  and  Power 
Pumps.  This  firm  is  one  of  the  oldest 
makers  of  spraying  appliances. 

John  Lightfoot,  Sherman  Heights, 
Tenn.    Strawberry  plants. 

J.  W.  Jones  &  Son,  Allen,  Md.  Straw- 
berry plants. 

F.  S.  Bullinton,  Richmond,  Va.  White 
Minorca  fowls. 

Bateman  Mfg  Co.,  Grenloch,  N.  J. 
Makers  of  the  well  known  and  highly 
satisfactory  Iron  Age  Cultivators  and 
other  farm  and  garden  implements. 


Lovers  of  flowers  will  find  many  inter- 
esting hints  on  flower  seed  culture  in  the 
1903  Illustrated  Annual  of  Wm.  Elliott  & 
Sons,  56  Dey  street.  New  York.  It  con- 
tains a  valuable  collection  of  flower,  gar- 
den and  vegetable  seeds,  and  will  prove 
interesting  to  every  one  interested  in 
flowers.  It  is  sent  free  with  a  packet  of 
pansy  seed. 


Horse  Owners!   Use 

GOIIBAULT'S 

Caustic 
Balsam 

i  Saf0  Speedy  and  Positive  Curt 
The  Smfeat,  Best  BLISTER  ever  used.  Takes 
tbe  place  ox  all  liniments  i<jr  mild  or  severe  actioo. 
Removes       Bunches^r  ^J^erajshes  from  Hone* 


Every  bottle  sold  l3  warranted  to  give  satisfaction 
Price    tl.SO   per  bottle.     Sold   by   drupdista,  or 
lent  by  express,  charses  pald»  with  full  directiooS 
for  its  use.     Send  for  descriptive  Girculara. 
THB  LAWRBNCE-WELLIAMS  CO.,  CleTelaad    <\ 


FOUTZS, 

Horse 

AND     . 

CATTLE 
POWDER 


A  mtdidnc  which  makes 

animjis  well,  the  diseased 

whole,  the  weak  strong  and  the 

thin  fat.     It  will  restore  lost  Appetite, 

expel  Worms  and  cure  Chronic  Cough, 

Heaves,   Influenza,   Distemper,   Hide- 

k.    \  bound,  Indigestion,  Constipation,  Flat- 

t  ulcncy  ir.d  all  Stomach  and  Bowd 

The  finest  of  al! , 
viulizers  and  I 
the  only 


DAVID  E.FOUTZ 

BALTIMOf>£,MD. 


Fistula  and 
Poll  Evil- . . 


You  can 
treat  these 
d  i  seases 
yourself 
and  cure  them  in  1.5  to  30  days.  FlPm- 
Ing's  Fistula  and  Poll  Evil  Cure  is  easy 
to  apply,  perfectly  safe  to  use,  and 
your  raoney  is  promptly  refunded  if  it 
should  ever  fail  to  cure. 

Interesting  Booklets  Free. 

We  have  two  booklets  to  send  you. 
One  tells  about  Fistula,  Poll  Evil, 
Spavin,  Ringbone,  Curb,  Splint,  Knee- 
.Sprung.  Lump  Jaw.  etc.,  with  instruc- 
tions bow  to  cure  them. 

The  other  proves  that  you  can  cure 
them.        Write  to-day. 

FLE^'INQ  BROS.,  Chemists, 
22  Union  Stock  Yards.     -     Chicago,  III. 


temper  and  IndigfcfitioB  Cur*, 

terlnary  ipe^igo  for  irln4. 


Toledo.  OhI.. 


As  I  retire  from  farming:  Q  '  I  I    pUriD 
this  Spring:  I  wi  1  ,^  ,^  U    LL  UllLAr 

the  following    slock    and    implements  little 
used,  and  almost  as  good  as  new : 

1  PRICK'S  ENGINE  AND  BOILER, 

io  horse-power,  on  wheels, 
1  McCORHICK  REAPER  and  BINDER 

7  foot  cut. 
1  DEERINQ  CORN  HARVESTER, 
1  HARTEL   FULL  CIRCLE  BALING 

PRESS,  17x22, 
1  QEISER  THRESHING   MACHINE, 

30  inch  feed. 
Also  Stallion.  "KING  IDLER," 

by  King  Alphonso,  Idle  Girl,  a  seal  brown 
horse.  \hY,  hands,  thoroughbred,  has  got  some 
fine  stock  on  Virginia  Common  mares,  is  a 
sure  foal  getter.    Apply 

NECK-OF-LAnD  farm,  Jamestown,  Va. 


128 


TflJfi  BODTHJflKK    PT.ATimcB 


t  February 


•    F/LSrOA/  FARM.    • 


SECOND  LARQEST 

JERSEY  HERD 

IN  AMERICA.     FOUNDED  I88Z 

BULL  C*LVES.  and  for  the  first  time.  Heifers 
bred  to  Imported  Oolden  Veler,  and  Heifer 
OalTfs  and  a  few  aged  Cow8. 

BERKSHIRES.  all  ages,  nired  by  Imported 
Storm  Kins,  or  Imported  Esau  2nd,  81»«, 
good  shape  HUd  large  litters. 

Visitors  welcome.  Address  for  Book  of  The 
Farm,  or  prices 

E.  M.  GILLET.  Clerlt.  Gleneot.  Md. 
ASA  B.  GARDINER,  Jr.,  Manager 

Swift  Creek  Stock  and  Dairy  Farm 

Has  for  sale  a  large  num- 
ber of  nice  young  regis- 
tered A.  J.  C.  C. 


^^^H|l    JERSEY  BULLS 
jj  Wmmm-  AND  HEIFERS. 

None  better  bred  In  the  South.  Combining 
Closely  the  most  noted  and  up-to-date  blood 
In  America.  Bulls  10  to  12  months  old,  $25.00. 
Heifers,  same  age,  {35.00.  POLAND-CHINA 
PIGS,  $5.00  each.  Send  check  and  get  what 
you  want. 

T.  P.  BRASWELL,  Prop.,  Battleboro,  N.  C. 

ELLERSLIE  FARM^^.^ 
Thoroughbred  Horses 

AND  SHORTHORN  CATTLE, 

Pure  Southdown  Sheep 
and  Berkshire  Pigs. 

Fob  Sali.        B.  J-  HANCOCK  &  SON, 
Chabu)ttesvillb,  Va. 

cook's  creek  herd, 

Scotch-Topped 


Shorthorns 


Herd  Headed   hy  liovi-nior  Tyler,  1.58548 
Yonng  Bulls  and  Hiifer.s  fur  salt-.    Inspection 
and  correspondence  invited. 
HEATWOLE  &  SITTER,  Dale  Enterprise,  Va. 

FOR    SA.I.E 

SHORTHORN  BULL  CALVES, 


POLAND -CHINA  PIGS, 

Sired  by  Black  Lad.  No.  47427  and  Spring- 
wood  Guy,  No.  ^X^Vi.  Pedigrees  furnished  with 
all  stock  sold.    Ef;gs  In  season  from  M.  B.  TUR- 
KEYS and  B.  P.  ROUK  CHICKENS.    Come  or  write. 
WM.  T.  THRASHER,     SPRINCWOOD.  VA. 

EAST  RIVER  SIDE 

SHORTHORNS 

One  choice  Red  Bull,  old  enough 
for  service. 
Address 

JAMES  F.  CLEMMER,  -  Snmmerdean,  Va. 


rk  shire, 
C.  Whitas.  Kine  large 
strains.  All  ages,  mated 
not  akin,  8  week.  pigs. 

Bred  sows.  Service  boars  

and  Poultry.  Wrlteforprlcesanrt  free  circular. 
P.  F.  HAMILTON,  CochranvUle,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. 


WHOLESALE  PRICE  ON  AGRICUL- 
TUR.\L  CHEMICALS  AND  FERTI- 
LIZERS. 

Tlie  market  continues  firm  and  steady, 
with  an  upward  tendency.  Southern 
business  is  picking  up,  and  prices  are 
well  maintained.  Nitrate  of  soda  re- 
mains strong  and  sulphates  of  ammonia 
are  a  little  stifl'er. 

AM.MONIATES, 

Nitrate  of  soda,  spot,  per  100  lb8..$  2  10 
Nitrate  of  soda,  futures,  per  100 

lbs 2  00 

Cotton-seed  meal,  per  ton,  c.  i.  f. 

N.Y 28  00 

Sulph.  ammonia,  spot 2  07J 

Sulph.  ammonia,  shipment 2  07i 

Driedblood,New  York,  low  grade.    2  47J 
Dried  blood,  Western,  high  grade, 

fine  ground 2  60 

Fish  scrap,  at  New  York 10 

Tankage,  per  unit 10 

PHOSPHATES. 

Acid  phosphate,  per  unit 60 

Bone  black,  spot,  per  ton 17  00 

Ground  bone,  per  ton 23  50 

S.  C.  phosphate  rock,  ground,  per 

2,000  lbs 5  50 

8.  C.  phosphate  rock,  undried,  f. 

o.  b.  Ashley  River,  2,400  lbs 3  25 

do.  do.  do.  dried....  3  50 
Florida  high  grade  phoa.  rock,  f. 

o.  b.  Fernandina,  per  ton 7  00 

Florida  land  pebble  phos.  rock, 

f.  o.  b.  Fernandina,  per  ton 4  50 

Tennessee  phosphate,  f.  o.  b.  Mt. 

Pleasant,  domestic 3  50 

do.            do.        do.  foreign...  4  00 

POTASH. 

Kainit,  future  shipment,  per  ton...    9  06 

Keiseret,  future  shipment,  per  ton    7  50 

Mur.  potash,  80  p.  c,  future  ship- 
ment     1  80 

Double  manure  ealt  (48  a  49  per 
cent,  less  than  2  J  per  cent,  chlo- 
rine), per  lb 1  09 

Basis  48  per  cent. 

High  grade  manure  salt  (90  a  93 
per  cent,  sulphate  potash),  ship- 
ment      2  08 

Basis  90  per  cent. 

Manure  salt,  in  bulk,  20  per  cent, 
per  unit,  O.  P 64 

—N.  Y.  Jour,  of  Commerce,  Jan.  10, 1903. 
[Only  highest  prices  quoted. — 5.  P.] 

The  Frank  B.  White  Co.  of  Chicago 
and  New  Yoi'k,  send  us  a  very  nicelj'  got- 
ten up  pamphlet — "Your  Business  and 
Ours" — in  which  they  bring  before  ad- 
vertisers the  advantages  they  can  offer 
them  in  the  way  of  preparing  and  dis- 
playing their  advertisements  and  secur- 
ing their  insertion  in  the  best  agricul- 
tural journals  in  this  country.  This  firm 
makes  a  specialty  of  agricultural  adver- 
tising, and  does  its  work  well. 

We  beg  to  acknowledge  with  thanks 
the  receipt  from  the  Holstein-Friesian  As- 
sociation of  America  of  the  official  record 
of  cows  and  their  sires,  and  list  of  official 
butter  and  milk  records  of  the  Asso- 
ciation from  1894  to  1901. 

We  acknowledge  with  thanks  a  copy 
of  the  Baltimore  Sun  Almanac  for  1903. 
It  is  full  of  useful  information. 


MARKET  TOPPERS  FOR  SALE,  LOW. 


One  thoroughbred    Antfus  cow,  unregistered. 

coming  3  yrs.,  with  heifer  calf  at  foot 

Price,  r75. 
Four  three-fourths  Angus  heifers,  two  coming 

3  yrs.,  two  coming  4  yrs.,  bred  to  reg.  An- 
gus bull.    Price,  $oO  each  <« 
Four  seven-eighths  Angus  heifers,  coming  2 

yrs.,  bred  to  reg.  Angus  bull.    (i50each. 
Three  seven-eighths  .\ngus  heifers,  coming  1 

yr.    830  each. 
Four   one-half  Angus  heifers,  coming  1   yr. 

i20  each. 
One  bull  calf,  out  of  a  thoroughbred  Shorthorn 

cow,  by  a  reg.  Angus  bull.    Price,  850. 
One  9-mos.-old  reg.  Angus  bull.    Price  JIOO. 
One  12-mos.-old  reg.  Angus  heifer.    Price,  $100. 
All  of  the  above  cattle  are  blaclj.  and  as  well 

polled  as  a  thoroughbred  Ancus. 
Eight  beautiful  reg.  Angora  goats,  six  does 

which    will    kid   soon,   two    fine    bucks. 

Price,  $100  for  the  lot. 

Address  W.  M.  WATKINS  &  SON, 

Cottage  Valley  Stock  Farm, 

Randolph.  Charlotte  Co  .  V«. 


ANGUS  BULL  CALVES 

Registered  and  unrecorded.  Slock  Qrst- 
class,  and  breeding  the  best. 

SHROPSHIRE  SHEEP 

First  class  yearling  rams,  and  evres  of 
all  ages.   Several  FINE  FARMS  for  sale. 

WARREN  RICE,    -    Winchester,  Va, 


FORiMlliertleen-Jnjus  Cattle 


Choice  breeding.    Registered  bulls  ready  for 
service.  Address  A.  0.  PARR,  care*.  G.  PARR, 
Jeffersonton,  Va. 


FOR  SALE. 

SIR  NETHERLAND  OF  THE  GROVE, 

No.  30672. 

ThisHolstein  bull  is3  yrs.old.  His  dam  has 
given  S  gals,  of  milk  per  day,  testing  4ft  per 
cent,  of  butter  fat.  His  sire  is  equally  well 
bred.    Price,  880. ;  f.  o.  b.  cars,  Burkevllle,  Va. 

T.  O.  SANDY,    -   Burkevllle,  Va. 


^V.P.I.^ 

Farm  Bulletin 

We  are  offering  some  nice  BERK- 
SHIRE PIQS.  Let  us  have  your 
orders  early.  Choice  stock  ;  prompt 
attention. 

0. 0.  NOURSE,  Prof,  of  Airr. 
J,Vi. 


1903  J 


THE  80UTHBEH  PLAIITBR. 


129 


FOR     S.A.IL.S 

At  a  price  which  he  can  easily  earn 
himself  out  in  a  single  season,  the 

Imported  and  Registered 
Hackney  Stallion ■ 

The  Duke 

son  of  Silver  star  and  Lady  Fanny, 
by  Rob  Roy.  This  horse  is  good 
looking, of  fine  size  and  well  made, 
having  no  waste  substance.  He  is 
a  sure  foal  getter  and  his  produce 
sell  readily.  Simply  offered  be- 
cause I  wish  to  procure  a  horse  of 
diflerent  breeding  to  cross  on  fillies 
sired  by  The  Duke.    Address 

T.  O.  SANDY, 

The  Grove  Stock  Farm,  BrRKEVILLE,VA- 

COLLIE  PUPS! 

By  prize-winning  Imported  sires  and  trained 
dams.  Eligible.  Fit  for  bench,  ranch  or  farm. 
Prloe,  $10,  either  sex.  Also  a  book  on  the  care 
»nd  training  of  the  Collie  for  all  practical  uses. 
Price,  SOc.  Copy  of  book  free  to  purchaser  o( 
OoUie. 

Stock  Farm,  "  MAPLEMONT,"  Albany,  Ver. 

POLAND-CHINAS 

Closely  related  to  such  famous  hogs  as 
Anderson's  Model,  Model  of  97,  Hands 
Oft,  etc.  Choice  pigs,  and  gilts  for 
Bale.  Sock  that  will  please  and  not 
disappoint  you.  References  and  testi- 
monials furnished  Also  extra  good, 
dark-red,  8  mos.-old  SHORTHORN  BULL 
CALF  for  sale.  Prices  right. 
J.  F.  DURRETTE.    Birdwood,  Albemarle  Co.,  Va. 


BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

I  have  a  few  first-class  eight  weeks  old 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS  for  sale.  From 

regl.^teied  stock.  Biltmorestraln. 

Prices  quoted  on  request. 

HENRY  W.  WOOD,    -    Hollybrook  Farm, 
Box  330.        Richmond,  Va. 


Large  English   Berkshire  Hogs, 
Barred  Plymouth  RockChickens 

BEN.  BOLT,  60747,  430  lbs.  as  a  yearling  at 
head  of  herd.    VS-EQGS  IN  SEASON. 

JOHN  P.  FOSTER,  Nocreek,  Ohio  Co.,  Ky. 


Ayrshires,  Berkshires  and  Oxftrd-Downs. 

^Ayrsaire  calves  of  both  sexes,  Berkshire 
pigs  and  boar,  aud  2  Oxford-Down  Rams  For 
Sale.  MELROSE  ClSTLE  FARM, 

ENDS  H.  HESS,  Manager,  Casanova,  Va. 


FOR  SALE  at  SlOeach, 

Three  pure-bred 

ANGORA  BUCKS 

Price  includes  crating  and  delivery  on 

cars  at  Columbia,  va.,  C.  &  O.  R.  R. 
A  good  fiock  of  Angoras  can  be  built 
up  by  using  pure  bucks  In  cross- 
ing with  common  does. 

C.  E.  JONES,       -       Carysbrook,  Va. 


THE  GROWTH  OF  OUR  SHOE  IN- 
DUSTRY. 

The  boots,  shoes  and  slippers  made  by 
machinery  in  the  United  States,  every 
vear,  would  provide  a  pair  of  some  kind 
for  more  than  one-seventh  of  the  inhab- 
tants  of  the  eartb.  If  they  were  arranged 
by  pairs,  heels  and  toes  touching,  they 
would  make  a  belt  that  would  encircle 
the  globe,  with  enough  to  spare  to  stretch 
across  the  North  American  Continent 
from  New  York  to  San  Francisco.  Placed 
singly,  heel  and  toe,  they  would  go  around 
the  world  two  and  one-half  times.  If 
placed  on  the  tracks  of  our  great  trunk 
railroads,  the  rights  on  one  rail  and  the 
lefts  on  the  other,  they  would  cover  the 
irons,  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific,  of 
all  the  continental  lines  that  now  cross 
our  country.  The  hides  and  skins  used 
to  form  this  immense  quantity  of  shoes 
come  from  all  over  the  world,  but  chiefly 
from  the  East  Indies,  South  America  and 
Europe ;  and  if  they  were  sewed  together 
in  one  sheet,  they  would  make  a  tent 
large  enough  to  cover  Manhattan  Island. 

The  following  statistics,  showing  the 
condition  of  the  industry,  were  furnished 
in  advance  of  their  general  publication 
by  S.  N.  D.  North,  Chief  Statistician  of 
the  United  States  Census  for  manufac- 
turers : 

Pairs  of  Boots  and  Shoes  Made  in  1900. 

For  men,  youths  and  boys 89,123,318 

For  women,  misses  and  chil- 
dren    107,415,855 

Slippers  for  men,  etc 4,456,965 

Slippers,  Oxfords  and  low-cuts 
for  women 12,655,876 

Another  kinds 5,583,4U5 


Total  pairs 219,2.35,419 

Total  value,  wholesale $261,028,580  00 

Cost  of  materials  used  169,604,054  00 

Capital  invested 101,795,233  00 

Wages  paid 59,175,883  00 

Average  number  of  wage  earners 
employed 142,922 

The  industry  is  largely  concentrated  in 
New  England,  chiefly  in  Massachusetts, 
where,  in  1900.  45  per  cent,  of  the  pro- 
duction was  turned  out,  principally  in 
Brockton,  Lynn,  and  Haverhill,  and  the 
smaller  places  in  the  immediate  neigh- 
borhood. The  figures  for  Massachusetts 
are  as  follows : 

Value  of  product $117,115,243  09 

Cost  of  materials  used 75,751,964  00 

Capital  invested 37,577,630  00 

Wages  paid 27,745,820  00 

Average  number  of  wage-earners 

employed 58,645 

Since  1890  the  production  in  the  whole 
country  has  increased  a  little  over  18  per 
cent.;  the  cost  of  materials  used  42  and 
eight-tenths  per  cent.;  while  the  capitali- 
zation has  only  increased  6  and  eight- 
tenths  per  cent.,  and  the  number  of 
wage  earners  6  and  nine-tenths  percent. 
Ten  years  ago  Massachusetts  produced 
over  -52  per  cent,  of  the  total ;  but  while 
she  has  made  an  absolute  gain  in  the 
value  of  goods  turned  out,  in  1900  she 
had  less  capital  invested  and  fewer  es- 
tablishments engaged  in  the  manufac- 
I  turf)  of  shoes  than  in  1890.  During  the 
last  decade,  the  effectiveness  of  the  ma- 


chinery used  in  the  manufacture  has 
been  greatly  increased.— iJofiert  Grieve,  in 
the  February  Success. 

FINE  SEED  CATALOGUE. 
That  the  Griffith  &  Turner  Company  of 
Baltimore,  Md.,  propose  to  occupy  a  high 
position  among  seedsmen  is  apparent 
from  the  magniBcence  of  their  catalogue. 
It  is  indeed  a  most  handsome  book.  The 
attention  is  arrested  at  once  by  the  ele- 
gant front  cover  page,  and  with  any  one 
at  all  interested  in  the  garden,  the  inter- 
eat  is  kept  up  unti  Ihe  has  looked  through 
all  its  pages.  It  contains  145  pages,  and 
is  profusely  illustrated  with  large  size 
cuts  of  vegetables,  fruits  and  flowers. 
They  also  catalogue  a  full  and  complete 
line  of  agricultural  implements.  One 
cannot  escape  the  conclusion,  both  from 
the  illustrations  and  from  the  extended 
and  painstaking  descriptions,  that  the 
Company  is  endeavoring  to  present  only 
the  best  to  their  customers,  and  that 
their  patrons  are  to  know  what  the  char- 
acteristirs  aod  qualities  of  what  they  are 
buying  are,  before  p:acing  their  orders. 
Their  advertising  is  elsewhere  in  this 
paper.  They  are  perfectly  reliable,  and 
their  trade,  already  large,  ia  rapidly 
growing.  Every  one  interested  in  fruits 
or  vegetables  should  at  least  send  for  ;he 
catalogue,  which  is  mailed  free.  Look 
up  the  advertisement  for  correct  address. 


BOWLINQ  QREEN 

SHORTHORNS. 

HERD   NUMBERS  75  HEAD. 

HEADED  by  the  Scotch  bull  ROYAL  CAN- 
ADA 136788.  Crulckshank  and  .Scotch 
tribes  represented  are  Duchess  of  Gloster,  Non- 
pareil, Mina,  Rose  of  Strathalean,  Ury,  Crim- 
son Flower  and  Louisa.  Also  popular  Amer- 
ican families. 

FOK  SALE  Cows,  heifers  and  young  bulls 
Foundation  herds  a  specialty;  inspection  solici 
ited,  and  if  notified  parties  wll  I  be  met  at  depot 

D.  M.  KIPPS,  Success,  Warren  Co.,  Va. 


DORSETS 


Woodland 
Farm<^ 

Of  16  rams,  9  to  U  mos.  old,  we  now  have 
on  hand,  i  are  not  quite  good  euough  to  head 
any  herd  in  the  United  States.  The  best 
ram  Harding  could  find  In  England  now 
heads  our  fiock.  Are  buying  a  few  ewes- 
none  to  sell,  but  are  booklngorders  for  October 
dropped  ewe  lambs. 

WOODLAND  FARM,  Mechanlcsburg,  0. 
(.T.  B.  Wing,  Willis  O.  Wing,  Chas.  B.  Wing.) 


DORSETS  AND 
HEREFORDS 

H.  ARMSTRONG,  ■  Lantz  Mills,  Va. 


FOR.  SA.LE. 

5  Reg.  HEREFORD  BULLS 

From  e  mos.  to  3  yrs.  old. 

8  FfcEG.  HSIFERS 

From  6  to  IS  mos.  old.s  At  reasonable  prices. 
HAYFIELDS  STOCK;  FARM,     Cockeysville,  Md. 


—  i  ou  pay  U  when  cured. 
No  cure,  no  pay.  ALEX.  SFEIRS,  Box  8U. 
Westbiook,  Maine. 


130 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTEK 


fFebruary 


THE  MILLER  MANURE  SPREADER- 

The  practical  benefitB  following  theuBe 
of  manure  spreaders  in  llie  country  have 
led  to  a  large  demand  for  such  machines 
throughout  the  entire  United  States.  Va- 
rious manufacturers  have  added  such  a 
machine  to  their  line,  and  jobbers  have 
eeenthe  advantage  of  carrying  them  also. 

The  Miller  Spreader  has  proved  a  win- 
ner in  previous  years,  but  1903  has  been 
improved  in  every  particular  where  trou- 
ble has  arisen.  Malleable  iron  is  used 
on  this  machine  for  every  part  where 
Btrenglh  is  required.  A  method  has  been 
devised  for  driving  from  both  wheels, 
which  gives  double  traction  power.  The 
cylinder  is  now  made  two  inches  larger 
than  heretofore,  and  is  made  with  eight 
beaters  instead  of  six.  A  new  end-gate, 
which  can  be  raised  or  lowered  at  will 
from  the  driver's  seat,  does  away  with 
Bome  of  the  objectionable  features  com- 
mon to  most  manure  spreaders.  This  ma- 
chine is  low  down,  which  makes  it  very 
easy  to  load.  There  are  other  excellent 
and  exclusive  features,  among  which  are 
the  following:  . ,  ,    ,      ^     jji 

It  is  just  the  right  width  to  straddle 
corn-rows  and  leave  all  the  land  evenly 
covered  with  manure  This  is  a  strong 
feature  on  corn-stubble  land,  owing  to  the 
fact  that  other  machines  cannot  do  good 
work  without  driving  team  and  spreader 
wheels  on  the  cut  corn-hills,  a  thing  that 
any  farmer  knows  is  impossible. 

The  Miller  is  the  only  spreader  that 
will  do  perfect  work  in  winter  with  ma- 
nure from  the  stable  daily.  We  have 
solid  bottom,  which  is  scraped  clean 
every  load ;  nothing  can  freeze  to  it,  as  in 
tread-power  bottom  machines. 

It  doubles  the  value  of  manure  by  cov- 
ering two  acres  where  you  could  only 
cover  one  by  hand. 

For  further  particulars,  address  ihe 
Newark  Machine  Co.,  Newark,  Ohio. 

A  MUNIFICENT  GIFT. 
The  Studebaker  Bros.  Manufacturing 
Company,  of  South  Bend,  Ind.,  has  just 
presented  to  the  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association  of  that  city  $200,000  in  cash, 
to  be  used  in  the  construction  and  equip 
ment  of  a  magnificent  new  building  for 
theusesofthe  Association.  The  buifdiug 
is  to  be  a  memorial  to  the  original  five 
Studebaker  Brothers,  who  have  always 
been  closely  identified  with  philanihio- 
pic  and  charitable  work.  This  munifi- 
cent gift  will  give  South  Bend  one  of  the 
handsomest  Young  Men's  Christian  Asso- 
ciation buildings  in  the  United  States. 

THE  DEMING  CATALOGUE. 
The  1903  Catalogue  of  the  Deming  Com- 
pany of  Salem,  Ohio,  is  justofi  the  press. 
It  includes  hand,  bucket,  knapsack,  bar- 
rel, mounted  and  power  sprayers.  In 
certain  sprayers  of  their  line,  notably  the 
Century,  Simplex,  Peerless  and  Success 
Knapsack  Sprayers,  the  mechanical  agi- 
tation of  the  liquid,  insuring  the  perfect 
mixing  of  poison  with  the  water,  is 
worked  out  to  a  nicety.  The  wide  adap- 
tability and  general  usefulness  of  the  line 
cannot  be  realized  without  perusing  the 
catalogue,  as  usual.  It  will  be  mailed  to 
any  one  writing  for  it. 


Four 
of  the 
Famous 

wnrfcprs  that  have  made  the  Iron  Age  line  of  farm  and  garden  implements 
irnnu-n  all  Over  the  continent.  You  can  malje  more  money  this  year  than  lost 
If  you  will  decide  now  to  let  them  help  you.    Look  at  the  good  points  of 

frofi  /Ifiie  Implements 

..  B  iti   .  *^  i<0.  60  iron  A(rc 

. .,i.Hoi,t,i..     p.  ^^g  out  how  much  time,  work,  seed,  fertill-    pi.otHh    

zer,  Ac,  you   might  save  with  a  very  small  «^ 

outla.v,  by  buying  Iron  Ajje  implements. 
They  have  won  their  way  by  hon- 
est performance  of  every  promise, 
Write  for  free  book. 


JERSEY  CATTLE.^^^ 

Bred  from  high-testing  St.  Lambert  Cows. 

LARGE  YORKSHIRE  HOGS. 

The  BACON  BREED  now  leading  all  other  breeds  for  making 
high-priced  bacon. 

IIVDIAIV  GAMTES-The  king  of  table  fowls. 

WHITE  WYANDOTTES— The  best  general-purpose  fowl. 

WHITE  L.EGHORNS— All  sold  out. 
Address 

B03fl£7WVONT   I=MR7M5S,  Ski-bm.  V«. 


REGISTERED  JERSEYS,^      i 
REGISTERED  BERKSHIRES.  | 


YOUNG  STOCK  OF  BOTH  KINDS 
jt  jt.  FOR  SALE.  ^  jt 


p  POREST  HOME  FARM,     -     Purcellville,  Vo.  i 


HOIiSTEINS  THAT  PAY. 

Purchasers  are  ofl'ered  selections  from  our  herd,  both  male  and  female; 
our  cows  are  of  the  leading  strains,  including  De  Kols,  Pauline  Pauls,  Mech- 
thildes.  Hengervelds,  Netherlands,  Aggies,  etc.,  etc.  They  are  »11  well  bred 
and  milking  from  40  to  05  lbs.  per  day.  Herd  headed  by  Ury  ALWINA 
Count  Paul  De  Kol  and  DeKol  29  Butter  Boy  3rd  No.  2. 

THOS.  FASSITT  &  SONS,      Ury  Stock  Farm,     Svlmar,  Md. 


When  corresponding;  Avlth  advertlsei^,  always  mention 
The  Sonthern  Planter. 


1903  .J 


THB  80UTHBEN  PLANTKE. 


131 


for  this  top  bupg>',  pi 
body  liU.  22  or  24  in.  w 
seat  has  solid  panel  spring 
back.  Wheels,  choice  o' 
height  and  size,  8  or  4  bou 
top.  Boot,  storm  apron 
shafts  and  anti -rattlers. 

A'les  top  bugr^ies  illuS' 
I  trated   with  large 


45 

fully   described   in  catalog. 


ha^  For    this    top    bui^L; 
._,,    ./ixj,^  Guaranteed  RubberTir«s. 

roomy' seats'with'soiiii  panel  Pif„"*J^°J^ 
spring  backs  and  cushf  i^^"-  cr.^,. 


olid 


les  1  l-16in.  Lamps  and 
fenders  extra.  Every  ve- 
hicle guaranteed  for  two 
full  years. 

les  surreys  in 


22  oL';' 


big  catalogue, 


For    this  large,  roomy 
pli •     -      .    - 


what  ' 


SEND  FOR  OUR  CATALOG. 


It  illustrates  and  fully  < 
■       ■  "s  ad  out  and  i 


panel  springbackandspring 
cushion, 3  or4  bowtop.  The 
Most  Wonderful  Bargain 

in  a  guaranteed  rubber  tired 

bugp  ever  offered.  Write ] bX^|ci;;th .  Full  pa"tent 
for  free  catalogue.  It  has  ipaiiiar fenders,  lam  lamps 
large    illustrations   and  full|ti>i)g  distance  axtce.'  R«tailii 


solid  panel 
spring  back  33  in.  high. 
Trimmed  with  heavy 
'-nported       all 


For  this  high  arched 
axle,  low  wheel.  Cuor- 
anteed  Rubber  Tired 
driving  wagon,  open 
head  springs,  long  dis- 
tance axles,  Bradley 
couplers,  Bailey  loops, 
stick  seat,  rubber  pad- 
ded steps  .Trimming- fine 
whipcurd  or  broadcloth. 
21  other  styles.  Don't 
buy  until  you  <iee 
catalogue    and   r 


Stick  seat  driving  wagon, 
Long  distance  axles.  Bai- 
ley loops      All  complete. 


Platform 

spring  wagon.  7 

No.  105 

Sln-l 

t.  body 

heavv  gear  and 

OTim.rub 

>ertri 

12    other    styles 

Dbl.  hame 

ss.troc 

<el}4\n.9\i.W 

spring  w 

agons  in  catalog. 

98BtTUB6 

howni 

a  CsUlopie. 

MARVIN  SMITH  CO., 


SS.S7-59  N.  J.flerson  SI- 
CHICAGO,  ILL. 


GREAT  POULTRY  BOOK  FREE. 

On  another  page  of  this  issue  of  our 
paper  will  be  found  a  new  season's  ad- 
vertisement of  the  Cyphers  Incubator 
Co.,  Buflfalo,  N.  y. 

We  wish  to 
point  out  to 
those  of  our 
readers  w  h  o 
have  seen 
their  annual 
books  and  cat- 
alogues in  the 
past  that  the 
New  Year 
Book  for  1903,  entitled  "  How  to  Make 
Money  with  Poultry  and  Incubators," 
now  being  sent  out,  is  in  every  way  supe- 
rior to  its  predecessors.  Nothing  has 
been  left  undone  to  make  this  Poultry- 
man's  Guide  and  Catalogue  most  enter- 
taining and  instructive,  devoted  exclu- 
sively to  the  real  business  of  growing 
and  marketing  poul.ry  for  profit. 

"  How  to  Make  Money  with  Poultry 
and  Incubators,"  consists  of  19G  pages, 
8x11  inches  in  size,  is  profusely  illustra- 
ted, giving  over  300  photographic  views 
of  many  of  the  largest  and  most  success- 
ful poultry  plants  in  the  United  States. 
England,  Germany,  New  Zealand  and 
South  Africa,  and  contains  twelve  special 
chapters,  each  written  by  an  expert, 
treating  of  profitable  poultry  keeping  in 
all  branches,  as  follows:  Starting  with  an 
Incubator,  Handling  Chicks  in  a  Brooder, 
Feeding  the  Chicks,  Duck  Producing  on 
a  Large  Scale,  Broiler  Raising,  Profitable 
Egg  Farming,  The  Egg  and  Poultry  Com- 
bination, Egg  and  Fruit  Farming,  Scratch- 
ing Shed. House  Plans,  Incubator  Cellar 
and  Brooding  House  Plans,  Feeding  for 
Eggs,  and  Standard  Bred  Poultry. 

Everything  is  made  so  plain  that  it 
can  be  understood  by  all.  Those  of  our 
readers  who  have  never  seen  a  "Cyphers" 
Annual  Guide,  and  are  interested  in  the 
latest  developments  in  incubators,  brood- 
ers, poultry  foods  and  appliances,  should 
write  at  once  to  the  Cyphers  locubator 
Company's  nearest  office,  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
Chicago,  111.,  Boston,  Mass.,  or  New  York 
City,  N.  Y.,  and  they  will  send  a  copy 
free,  postage  paid  (during  the  next  thirty 
Jays  only),  provided  you  mention  this 
paper. 

"I  b'lieve  in  havin'  a  good  time  when 
Tou  start  out  to  have  it.  If  you  git 
knocked  out  of  one  plan,  you  want  to  git 
yerself  another  right  quick,  before  yer 
Bperrits  has  a  chance  to  fall." — From 
"Lovey  Mary,"  The  Century,  February, 
1903. 


Reg.  HOLSTEIN-PRIESIAN 

CATTLE  of  the  Netherland,  De  Kol,  Clothilde,  Pietertje  and 

Artis  families.     Heavy  milkers  and  rich  in  butter  fat. 

Stock  of  all  ages  for  sale. 

Reg.  BERI^SHIRES   From  noted  strains,  Imported  Headlight,  Lord 
Highclere  and  Sunrise. 

<^^ DORSET  SHEER. ^^^> 

B.  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  CHICKENS,  Fifteen  Cockerels  for  sale. 
N.  and  w.  and  soothem  R.  R.  T.  O.  SANDY,  Burkeville,  Va. 


I JERSEY  MD  GUERNSEY 

^CATTLE^ 

DBrKShlrB   HO£S,  young  boars  ready  for  service,  and  Pigs  in  pairs  or  trios  not 

akin.     Large,  young  Bronze  Turkeys.    A  few  Plymouth  Rock  and  Brown 

Leghorn  Fowls.    All  the  above  stock  ready  for  shipment  now. 

A  FEW  BEAUTIFUL  FOX  TERRIER  PUPPIES  AT  $5  EACH. 

.  M.  B.  ROWE  <&  CO.,      Fredericksburg,  Va. 


POLAND- 
GHIIIAS. 


TECUMSEH  G,  49283. 

Have  sold  out  all  pigs  on  hand  and  am  now  booking  orders  for  pigs 
from  my  spring  litters.  Have  a  limited  number  of  YOUNG  SOWS 
in  pig  FOR  SALE.        Address 

J.    B.    GRAY,    FREDERICKSBURG.  VA. 


'THE 
OAKS 


SHORTHORNS 


FOR 
SALE 


2  Reg.  Bull  Calves;  2  Reg.  Cows;  1  three-year-old  Reg.  Bull  (immune)  raised  south 
of  Petersburg.  Va.    All  right  in  every  particular. 


_B.  B.  BVCHANAJy,  Bedford  City,  Ta. 


132 


THE  80UTHBBN  FT. ANTES. 


I  February 


The  Venezuelan  and  Panama  Canal 
eituationB  are  editorially  diecussed  in  the 
Review  of  Reviews  for  February.  In  ad 
dition  to  his  commentB  on  these  very 
prominent  topics  of  the  hour,  the  editor 
gives  his  usual  valuable  survey  of  the 
month's  important  happenings,  at  home 
and  abroid.  Among  the  contributed  ar- 
ticles there  are  two  character  sketches  of 
exceptional  interest ;  "Abram  8.  Hewitt, 
a  Great  Citizen,"  is  the  subject  of  a  dis- 
criminating tribute  from  the  pen  of  Ed- 
ward 51.  Shepaid,  the  New  York  lawyer 
and  politician,  who  knew  Mr.  Hewitt  in- 
timately, while  George  Perry  Morris  re- 
views the  too  brief  career  of  Mrs.  Alice 
Freeman  Paloier,  the  former  president 
of  Welleelev  College  and  a  leader  in 
many  intellectual  movements.  The  art 
treasures  of  the  late  Henry  G.  Marquand, 
manv  of  which  were  sold  recently  in  New 
York  at  almost  fabulous  prices,  are  de- 
scribed in  an  illustrated  article  by  Ernest 
knaufft.  The  latest  developments  in 
wireless  telegraphy  are  recounted  by 
Prof.  A.  Frederick  Collins,  while  Mr. 
Thomas  C.  Martin  describes  the  new  Pa- 
cific cable  lines— the  all- American  and 
the  all-British.  Prof.  Frank  A.  Wilder 
elves  much  interesting  information  about 
the  coal  deposits  of  our  great  Northwest. 
The  fullest  statement  yet  published  of 
the  impending  land  reforms  in  Ireland  is 
furnished  by  Mr.  Walter  Wellman,  who 
has  just  returned  from  that  country.  The 
recent  Taff  Vale  Railway  decision  in  Eng- 
land on  the  rights  and  liabilities  of  labor 
unions  in  connection  with  strikes  is  re- 
viewed by  Mr.  A.  Maurice  Low.  "  Some 
Taxation'Problems  and  Reforms"  is  the 
subject  of  a  comprehensive  article  by  Sec- 
retary Commons  of  the  National  Civic 
Federation.  "  Some  Cartoon  Comments," 
"  Leading  Articles  of  the  month,"  and 
the  other  regular  departments,  round  out 
the  number. 

AN  INEXPENSIVE  COFFEE  FRUIT 
CAKE. 

To  make  coffee  fruit  cake,  beat  half  a 
pound  of  butter  to  a  cream ;  add  one  cup- 
ful of  brown  sugar.  Dissolve  a  tea.spoon- 
fiil  of  baking  powHer  in  two  tablespoon- 
fuls  of  water;  add  it  to  half  a  pint  of 
New  Orleans  molasses;  add  this  to  the 
butter  and  sugar ;  add  a  teaspoonful  of 
allspice,  one  egg  well  beaten,  a  table- 
spoonful  of  cinnamon  and  one  grated 
nutmeg.  Mix  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of 
shredded  citron,  two  pounds  of  seedless 
raisins  and  three-quarters  of  a  pound  of 
cleaned  currants.  Measure  three  cupfuls 
of  pastry  flour;  take  sufficient  from  it  to 
flour  the  fruit  thoroughly.  Add  half  a 
pint  of  warm,  strong  coffee  to  the  sugar 
mixture;  then  add  the  Hour;  beat  until 
smooth ;'add  the  fruit,  pour  into  well- 
greased  cake  pans,  and  bake  slowly  in  a 
moderate  oven. 

"Don't  you  go  an'  git  sorry  for  yerself. 
That 's  one  thing  I  can't  stand  in  no- 
body There  'a  always  lots  of  other  folks 
vou  kin  be  sorry  fer  'stid  of  yerself. 
Ain't  you  proud  you  ain't  got  a  hare  lip? 
Why  that  one  thought  is  enough  to  keep 
me  from  ever  gittin'  sorry  for  myself."— 
From  "Lovey  Mary,"  The  Century,  De- 
cember, 1902. 


ANNEFIELD  HEREFORDS, 

"  PRINCE  RUPERT,"  No.  79539. 

Winner  Sweepstakes  at  Kansas  City,  19C1.    Herd  rich  in  "  Anxiety  "  blood. 

BERf^SHIRE  HOQS^^> 

FINEST  STRAINS  OF  BLOOD. 
INSPECTION  INVITED  CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED. 

EDWARD  G.  BUTLER,     -     "  Annefield  Farms,"  Briggs,  Clarke  Co.,  Va. 


CASTALIA  HEREFORDS... 

The  breeding  cows  and  herd  bulls  at  "  Castalia  "  have  been  se- 
lected with  one  aim;  THE  BEST,  REGARDLESS  TO  COST.  Herd 
headed  by  Ihe  Si.OOO  00  Imported  SALISBURY,  assisted  by  LARS, 
JR.  I  have  now  for  sale  a  very  flue  bunch  of  bull  calves  by  these 
bulls,  also  a  few  females.    Visitors  are  welcome  and  met  at  station. 

Write  your  needs. 

MURRAY  BOOCOCK.  -  Keswick,  Va. 


BACON  HALL  FARM. 

PEIIEFOBDBBiiSTEtEDCfllTLE 

"TOP"  BREEDINQ,  CALVES  NOT  AKIN. 
MOTTO— Satisfaction  or  no  Sale. 


E.  M.  QILLET  &  SON, 


Glencoe,  Maryland. 


SHROPHHIRE  NHCEP Bucks,  one  year  old  and  OTer,  J15  to  tao.    Buck  I/ambg,  July  de- 
livery, $10.  and  512.    Ewe  Lambs,  Jnly  delivery,  18.  and  $10. 

P«I.ANI>-CHIKA  HO€)S — Pigs,  «iz  weeks  old,  K.      Plea,  two  or  three  months  old,  flM, 
pigs,  five  mouths  and  over,  $15  to  130. 

M.  BKOHZETCRKKTS Toma,  M.    Hens,  tS.    Eggs,  per  sitting  of  12,  when  In  season,  $4. 

■VBOOTT  DCOKJ* Pare  White  Drake*,  $1.36.  Pnre  White  Dnoks,  tl.  .Pain,  «2.2S;  trio*,  W 

BARRED  PI.TMOITTH    ROCKS. 

ROOEB  tIBESE GHmders,  tZJO.    a««ae,  ILSO.    Ecn.  P«r  dtUng,  $3.00 

WIL.LJAK  L,  Jr.,  No.  21068,  half  brother  of  AsteU,  will  Mrre  a  limited  nnmbarof  mara  lor 

|3t  the  leasen.    Mares  boarded  at  lowwt  agiam  per  Moatli, 


1H03.J 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAJNTEB 


13^ 


I  I  I  I  I  I 


'■"" 


THE  $60,000 

PACING  STALLION 

Just  purchased  by  M.  \V.  Savage.  Minueapolis,  Minn.,  as  one  of 
the  leading  stallions  for  his  "International  Stock  Food  Farm." 
The  purchase  of  Dan  Patch  was  a  tremendous  sensation  in 
horse  circles,  and  was  taken  up  and  given  columns  of  notices  in 
all  of  the  leading  dailies  throughout  the  entire  country.  The 
price  was  over  Three  times  as  much  as  was  ever  paid  for  a  pacer, 
and  by  far  the  largest  price  paid  for  a  harness  horse  for  a  long 
term  of  years.  This  farm  is  now  one  of  the  most  famous  horse- 
breeding  farms  in  the  world,  as  Mr.  Savage  owns  the  Three  Fastest 
Stallions  ever  owned  by  one  man  or  by  one  farm.  Dan  Patch  1:59  J^i— 
Directum  2:05'4— Roy  Wilkes  2:06K.  The  establishing  of  this 
farm  in  Minnesota,  12  miles  from  Minneapolis,  means  a  great 
deal  for  the  live  stock  interest  of  the  Northwest  as  well  as  for  the 
entire  world.  It  will  add  thousands  of  dollars  every  year  to  the 
live  stock  interests  of  Minnesota  alone,  and  Mr.  Savage  expects 
to  prove  to  the  world  that  high-class  harness  horses  can  be  raised 
in  the  Northwest  as  well  as  ia  other  parts  of  the  United  States. 
You  are  cordially  invited  to  visit  "International  Stock  Food 
Farm"  wheneveryou  are  in  this  vicinity.  You  will  find  the  cele- 
brated "International  Stock  Food"  «i^3  FEEDS  for  ONt;  CENT*^©* 
fed  every  day  to  our  Stallions,  Brood  Mares,  Colts,  Race  Horses 
and  other  stock.  "International  Stock  Food"  has  the  largest  sale  in 
the  world  for  Horses,  Cattle,  Sheep.  Hogs.  Colts,  Calves,  I.ambs 
and  Pigs.  Over  50.000  dealers  sell  it  on  a  "Spot  Cash  Guarantee" to 
Refund  Your  Money  if  the  results  of  feeding  it  are  not  perfectly 
satisfactory  to  you.  It  will  cause  your  colls  and  other  young 
stock  to  grow  rapidly  even  during  the  winter.  Keeps  them  free 
from  worms  and  tones  up  and  strengthens  the  entire  system. 
'^^It  Wilt  Fay  You  To  Test  It  Al  Our  Risk  On  Your  Slock. 


IT  CONTAINS  183  LARGE  ENGRAVINGS  OF  HORSES,  CATTLE.  SHEEP.  POULTRY,  ETC. 


n*  CoTer  of  this  Book 


This  Book 
of  Uollirs.      It  dei 
History  and  lUust 


C?-Priiited  In  Six  Brilliant  Colorn.  Book  is  ( 
i  cover.  It  coit  as  $aoi>0  to  have  our  Artists  i 
ntains  a  Finely  Illustrated  V^terinsry  Departmen 
hea  common  Diseases,  and  tells  how  to  treat  them 
ona  of  the  Different  Breeds  of  Horses,  Cattle,  Shet 
d  Life  EngravinEBof  many  very  noted  i 


Ihat  will  Save  Vou  Handrl•d^ 

It  also   gives  Description 
),  Goats.  Hogs  and  Poultry 


The  Editor  Of  This 

Will  Tell  You  That  You  Ought  To  Have  This  Book  In   Your'  Library  For  Koference. 

$10.00  CASH,  we  will  send  you.  IF  BOOK  IS  NOT  AS  STATED. 

TIlIi  Book  Mailed  Free,  Postage  Prepaid,  If  TonWrKe  Is  (letter  or  postal)   and  Answer  These  'J  tioestic 
lit —Name  This  Paper.  'id.— How  Much  Stock  Have  You? 


Writ 


s  today  for  book. 


Largest  Stock  Food  Factory  i 

Capital  Paid  in,  $1,00 

We  Occupy  liJ.OOO  Feet  of  Fl 


TEST 


I  I  I  I  I  I  I  i 


International  Stocli  Food  Co., 


■  INNEAPOLIS,    Wc  emrloy  0 
BINH.,  I.  8.  A.    ^ 


ENT1REL.V 
AT  OUR  RISK. 


i   I   I   I   I   I   I   I   I 


SPLIT  HICKORY  vs.  SAWED- 


A  vehicle  is  only  as 
strong  as  its  weakest 
part.  A  wheel,  with 
^•^hub,  spokes  and  fel- 
^lows  made  from  the 
.^strongest  wood,  if  the 
'■^  wood  is  sawed  across 
the  grain,  lias  little  strength.  The  "Split 
Hickory"  line  of  vehicles,  as  their  name 
indicates,  is  constructed  of  split  hickory 
not  sawed — and  is  of  greatest  strength 
and  e  n  <1  u  r  ^  " 
a  n  c  e  and 
u  n  i  f  or  nilv 
strong  in  all 
its  parts.  To 
obtain  these 
splendid,  strong  and  stylish  vehicles, 
send  to  Station  41,  the  Ohio  Carriage 
Manufacturing  Company,  Cincinnati,  O., 
for  complete  illustrated  catalogue.  Their 
prices  are  low,  quality  high,  and  their 
thirty  days'  free  trial  offer  is  genuine  and 
bona  fide' 

Mention  the  Southern  Planter  in  writing 


i  n  M  8 1 1 1 1 !  1 1  i  I  n  I  e  n  1 1 1 1 1 


Japan  Plums 

And  all  other  desirable  standard  and  new 
varieties  of  PLUMS,  APPLE,  PEACH, 
PEAR  and  O  R  N  A  M  E  N  T  A  L  TREES, 
SHRUBS,  ROSES,  Etc. 

HEADQUARTERS  FOR  TENNESSEE 
PROLIFIC  STRAWBERRY. 

The  Most  Reliable  Variety  Ever  grown  in 
the  South. 

Three  Iinndred  and  fifty  acres  under  cnltivation.    WriteiJuB 
if  you  contemplate  planting.     Catalogue  free. 

AGENTS  WANTED.      WRITE  FOR  TERMS. 

•W.  X.  XIOOD   A:  CO., 

OLD  DOMINION  NURSERY.  RICHMOND,  VA. 


134 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAITTEB. 


[February 


The  American  Free  Trade  League  Bend 
us  copy  of  the  Free  Trade  Almanac,  for 
which  we  return  thanks.  It  would  do 
the  hide-bound  protectionigte  good  to 
study  the  matter  contained  in  this  issue. 

TAKEN  ORDERS. 

When  Miss  Lucy  wanted  particularly 
fine  chickens,  she  always  drove  over  to 
Bee  old  Aunt  Etta,  who  had  a  scrap  of  a 
&rm  and  made  a  specialty  of  raising 
chickens  for  the  quality  folks. 

One  day,  as  the  lady  stopped  in  front 
of  the  cabin,  Aunt  Eita  came  out  and 
hung  over  the  gate. 

"  Chickftns  !"  she  exclaimed  in  answer 
to  her  customer's  request,— "chickens  ! 
Why,  law,  Miss  Lucy,  don't  you  all  know 
there's  been  a  camp-meetin'  and  preach- 
ers'conference  down  here?  Why.  1  ain't 
got  one  chicken  left.  They're  all  done 
emtered  the  ministry." — N.  E.  Allender, 
in  February  Lippincott'g. 

THE  GROWTH  OF  THE  SEED  HOUSE- 


The  above  cut  is  a  faithfiil  picture  of 
the  extensive  new  buiidinj;  recently  oc- 
cupied by  J.  Bolgiano  &  Son,  of  Balti 
more,  Md.  This  concern  is  one  of  the 
oldest  and  most  substantial  in  the  East, 
with  a  record  and  reputation  extending 
far  back  into  the  very  infancy  of  modern 
seed  business.  Their  growth  has  been 
most  commendable,  because  it  has  been 
forced  upon  them  more  by  the  excellency 
of  their  product.-*  than  by  a  grasping  de- 
sire to  capture  everything.  Some  of  their 
most  noted  specialties  this  season  are  the 
New  Century  Tomato,  Ruby  King  Rad- 
ish, New  I.«ader  Cabbage  and  the  New 
Early  Fortune  Cucumber.  In  their  sto<'k 
is  also  to  be  found  fresh  tested  seeds  of 
the  Rocky  Ford  Cantaloupe,  Valentine 
Beans,  Alaska  and  Gradus  Peas,  and  a 
general  line  of  farm  and  garden  seeds. 
Look  up  their  advertisement  elsewhere 
in  our  paper  and  write  for  the  catalogue, 
kindly  mentioning  where  you  saw  this 
notice. 

A  Neat  BINDER  for  your  back  nom- 
ben  can  be  Itmd  for  25  cents.  Addreee 
the  Busineae  Offloe. 


1903.  ^;^Farm  Right  and  Prosper. 

The  farmer's  genius  is  shown  and  his  prosperity  meas- 
y  what  he  works  with. 


The  Line  Includes 
Up-to-Date  Disc  Plows, 
Sulky  &  Gang  Plows 
Stalk  Cutters, 
Subsoilers. 
Planters. 
Cultivators,  Eto< 


have  the  mod- 
ern idea, 
make  your 
lands  yield  the  most 
^^  with  least  labor,  give  you  such 

advan  tastes  as  money  makersin  other  call- 
ingsenjoy.  Write  our  nearest  house 
•■         aiKjut    any  Labor-saving  Im- 
plements you  require. 

B.  F.  Avery  A.  Sons, 

Manufacturers, 
Louisville,  Ky. 
Memphis,  Tenn. 
New  Orleans,  La. 
Dallas,  Tex. 


CLEN  ALLEN   HERD  OF 


..ABERDEEN-ANGUS  CATTLE.. 

Headed  by  ALLENHURST  KING  IV  4W9, 

Assisted  by  VICTOR  G.,  No.  3r693. 

I  am  now  oflFering  for  sale  a  few  choice  young  bulls  of  serviceable  age,  at  a 
bargain.  Any  one  wanting  bnlls  from  prize-winning  families  at  a  moderate 
price,  will  save  time  and  money  by  calling  on  or  addressing 

GLEN  ALLEN  STOCK  FARM,      W.  P.  ALLEN,  Prop.,  Walnut  Hill,  Ya. 


SUNNY    HOME    HERD  OF 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS    CATTLE. 

BARON  ROSEBOY  ( The  great  son  of  the  world-famous 
GAY  BLACKBIRD)  in  service. 

Nearly  all  the  leading  families  of  the  breed  represented  by  females  sired  by  the 
most  famous  bulls  of  the  age.  Wechallenge  oomparis  on  both  as  to  individual  excel- 
lence and  pedigree.  Another  car  of  grand  cows  just  arrived,  personally  selected 
from  one  of  the  best  herds  in  central  Illinois.  Ttie  tops  out  of  one  hnmired  head. 
Six  animals  of  the  same  family  and  strain  as  ROSEGAY  (for  two  years  the  champion 
of  Ametica),  others  equally  good.  All  young  stuff  of  weaning  age  sold ;  am  booking 
orders  for  future  delivery. 

Write  your  wants;  we  are  bound  to  please  you. 
^=B- 4.    L.    FRENCH.  Proprietor.  Fitzgerald,  N.  G. 

Rockingham  Co.,  24  miles  south-west  of  Danville,  Va.,  on  D.  4  W.  Ry. 


POLAND  CHINA  BOARS 

«@°THE  KIND  THAT  GETS  BIG.=^ 

Sired  by  sob  of  PROUD  PERFECTION.     Have  now  8  on  hand,  from 

2  to  3  months  old.     Price,  $10  for  2  months  old,  $11  for  3  months. 

Expressage  prepaid  to  Virginia  poinis.     Your  money  back 

if  you  are  not  satisfiied. 

^  BULLPIELD  PARMS,       ■       -Doswelb  Virginia. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHBEtN  PLANTER 


135 


THE  ADVANTAGES  OF  FARM  LIFE' 
It  is  the  farmers'  boys  who  are  most 
likely  to  succeed,  whetlier  in  business  or 
in  professional  life.  Spending  most  of 
their  time  under  the  open  sky,  breathing 
fresh  air,  and  eating  simple  food,  they 
are  more  likely  to  have  vigorous  health 
and  strong  constitutions  than  are  their 
city  cousins.  Brought  into  constant 
contact  with  nature,  they  absorb  a 
great  deal  of  useful  knowledge,  and  ac- 
quire habits  of  observation.  Then,  too, 
the  regular  farm  work,  the  '-chores,"  and 
numberless  other  little  things  keep  them 
well  occupied,  and  enable  them  to  feel  that 
they  are  earning  their  way,  thus  giving 
to  them  a  sense  of  independence  and  cul- 
tivating a  spirit  of  self-reliance  and  man- 
liness. 

The  performance  of  a  deal  of  drudgery 
is  an  indispensable  preparation  for  all 
real  success  in  life,  whatever  the  occupa- 
tion. A  boy  who  is  afraid  of  work  or 
of  soiling  his  hands  need  not  expect  to 
accomplish  much  in  the  world.  Country 
boys  have  their  full  share  of  fun,  but 
there  are  many  disagreeable  duties  on  a 
farm  which  farmers'  boys  learn  to  accept 
as  a  matter  of  course.  Edward  Eggleston, 
speaking  of  the  value  of  his  farm  training 
when  a  boy,  once  said  to  me  :  "  I  learned 
one  thing  of  great  value,  and  that  was  to 
do  disagreeable  things  cheerfully." — Jo- 
siAH  Strong,  in  "  Uncle  Sam's  Talks  on 
Our  Country,"  in  February  "  Success." 

FAMOUS   PRESCRIPTION   FOR   ALL 
HOUSEKEEPERS. 
Dr.  O.  B.  Joyful, 
21  Sunshine  Avenue. 
Office  Hours :  6  A.  M.  to  12  P.  M. 
A  little  dash  of  water  cold, 
A  little  leaven  of  prayer, 
A  little  bit  of  sunshine  gold. 
Dissolved  in  morning  air. 
Add  to  your  meal  some  merriment, 
Add  thought  for  kith  and  kin. 
And  then  as  a  prime  ingredient 
A  plenty  of  work  thrown  in ; 
Flavor  it  all  with  essence  of  love 
And  a  little  dash  of  play  ; 
Then  a  nice  old   book  and  a  glance 

above 
Complete  the  happy  day. 
Take  daily,  and  repeat. 

Patrick  Murphy  was  taking  a  walk  one 
Sunday  through  a  field  where  cows  were 
grazing.  The  bull  took  after  him,  and 
before  he  could  get  over  the  ft-nce  the 
bull  caught  him  with  its  horns  and 
pitched  him  right  over  into  the  adjoin- 
ing field.  When  he  got  himself  gathered 
up,  the  bull  was  standing  on  the  other 
«ide  of  the  fence,  scraping  and  booing. 
"  Oh,  be  me  sowl,"  said  Pat,  "  ye  needn't 
stand  there  apologizing,  for  ye  intinded 
it  all  the  toime." 

Ruth  was  watching  mamma  for  the 
first  time  prepare  some  hominy  for  break- 
fast. "  What  is  tliat,  mamma?"  she 
asked.  "It's  hominy,"  said  raanima. 
Ruth  still  looked  puzzled,  and  pretty 
soon  she  said  again.  "What  ie  that?" 
"Hominy,"  mamma  answered  once  more, 
*nd  somewhat  impatiently  Ruth  looked 
at  her  and  said,  "Why,  I  don't  know  how 
many!" 


Portable  Saw  Mills 

Ith   EiiBinej*  and   Boilcrt*  Complete. 

JIade  in  seven  aizes,  friction  feed,  cable 
liglitninK  Pb'.  piiteut  chain  set  works  and 
improved  dogs.  A  J  AX  CENTER 
CKVNK  em; INK!*  are  constructed 
M,  ith  pspe<*ial  reference  to  the  peculiar 
,.-,..t  re.iuired  of  them.  This  com- 
bmaiion  of  engine  and  mill 
miikesthe  best  sawujill 
oiuiit  on  earth. 


RUMSBY=WILUAMS  COMPANY 


GASOLINE    ENGINES    and 
GRAIN  THRESHERS. 

ST.  JOHNS»ILLE,   MEW  YORK. 


SIR  JOHN  BULL  and  UNCLE  SAM 

Have  become  so  famous  that  I  found  a  multiplication  of  their  progeny 
necessary  to  the  filling  of  orders;  hence  I  have  added  a  large 

number  of  purest-bred  Imported  and 
American  Sows,  no  akin  to  my  old  herd, 
and  most  of  them  now  in  farrow  to  Im- 
ported Berkshire  Boars  of  a  new  strain. 

HUNTING  DOGS  and  PUPS  FOR  SALE. 

A   D  U  R  H  A  n  BULL  CALF,   a  picture, 
cheap.     Write  for  particulars. 

THOS.  8.  WHITE,  Fasslfern  Stock  Farm,  liexlngton,  Vm. 


CISMONT  DORSETS.. 


CISMONT  STOCK  FARM  offers  well  developed  young 
Dorsets  of  the  best  blood  of  England  and  America. 


Prices  reasonable. 


G.  S.  LINDENKOHL,  Keswick,  Albemarle  Co.,  Va. 


RIPPLEY    ScomblDOtlon 


Steam  Cookers 


I  ■  r  IT  bk  I  W  UomDIDUliun  ^pbwvb..*  ^w^.-w-  ■»■ 
,.7ld  undera  guarantee  torcookingfeed,  heating  Poultry,  K»B?yd 
Dalr^hou4f  heating  water  in  stock  tanks  or  cooking  f  eed  20Ji  f  t. 
fromCooklr'S.Seofboiler8teel;nofluestoniBtorleak.Ca, 
be°Sed°outtid^?SFoase  sareasastoye.  WUlcook^buotf^^^^^ 
'-,2hr9.  Usednndenrtorsedljy  Wis.,_Ia.,  Va.,  Ga.  ana  onl. state 


.III.. 


SuT™  Cooke,,.    Cook.,ud  Bit^cra- S^^plif  cVwoji.  wd  p'""«  °'^='>  '"»• 

RIPPLET  HMDWARE  CO.,  CooHr  Wire..  Bo»  70    SB>nOII.  ItlHOIS. 


When  corresponding  with  Advertisers,  always  |ay  that  you  saw  their 
advertisement  in  The  Southern  Planter. 


136 


THE  SOUTHEKU  PLANTEB. 


[February 


One  very  cold  day  Tom,  in  his  first 
trousers,  was  walking  along  with  his  tiny 
overcoat  turned  back  to  its  utmost  limit. 
"Tom,"  said  his  father,  meeting  the 
child,  "  button  your  coat."  But  the  boy 
demurred.  "  Look  at  mine,"  added  his 
father.  "Yes,"  said  Tom,  ruefully,  and 
obeying  under  protest,  "hut  everybody 
knows  that  you  wear  trousers  !" 

A  minister  whose  education  in  business 
matters  had  been  sadly  neglected  had  a 
email  charge,  and  eked  out  a  living  by 
writing  for  the  papers.  One  day  he  re- 
ceived a  check  for  $15,  made  payable  to 
his  order.  He  took  it  to  the  local  bank, 
and,  banding  it  in,  was  told  to  indorse  it. 
He  hesitated  a  moment,  and  then,  taking 
up  the  precious  document,  wrote  on  the 
back :  "  I  heartily  indorse  this  check." 

TOWNS  MADE  BY  RAILWAY'S. 
To-day  towns  do  not  grow  merely  be- 
cause of  their  location,  and  this  factor  of 
location  will  become  less  and  less  impor- 
tant as  the  years  go  by.  Chicago  is  situ- 
ated upon  the  most  impossible  an  un- 
lovely of  all  places  of  human  habitation. 
She  is  simply  a  city  of  transportation  and 
is  no  better  than  her  rails  and  boats, 
though  by  her  rails  and  boats  she  lives 
in  every  Western  State  and  Territory. 
The  same  is  true  of  St.  Louis  and  the 
vast  Southwei?t.  One  railroad  recently 
planned  for  Western  extension,  and  laid 
out  along  its  lines  the  sitesof  thirty  eight 
new  towns,  each  of  which  was  located 
and  named  before  the  question  of  inhab- 
itants for  the  towns  was  ever  taken  up. 
Another  railway  in  the  Southwest  has 
named  fifty  cities  that  are  yet  to  build, 
and  Ptill  others  have  scores  of  commuui- 
ties  which  in  time  are  to  he  the  battle- 
grounds of  human  lives,  the  stages  of  the 
human  tragedy  or  comedy.  The  railways 
have  not  only  reached,  hut  created  prov- 
inces; they  have  not  only  nourished,  but 
conceived  communities. 

Maine  Lawyer — What  is  vour  opinion 
of  the  character  of  Deacon  Blank? 

Witness  (cautiousiy) — 1  never  heard 
nothin'  agin  him. 

"Don't  you  know  him  to  be  an  honest 
man?" 

"Wall,  he's  befn  fair  an'  square  in  all 
his  dealin's  with  me,  and  with  others  as 
far  as  I  know." 

"Isn't  that  sufficient  to  prove  him  a 
man  of  sterling  integrity?" 

"Wall,  I  dunno.  I  never  traded  horses 
w  th  him." 

"You  never  kin  tell  which  way  any 
pleasure  is  a'  comin'.  Who  ever  would  'a' 
thought,  when  we  aimed  at  the  ceme- 
tery, that  we  'd  land  up  at  a  first-class 
fire?" — From  "Lovey  Mary,"  The  Cen- 
tury, February,  190.3. 

"The  way  to  git  cheerful  is  to  smile 
when  you  feel  bad,  to  think  about  some- 
body elsf's  headache  when  yer  own  is 
'most  buBtin',  to  keep  on  believin'  the 
Bun  is  a-shinin'  when  the  clouds  is  thick 
enough  to  cut." — From  "Lovey  Mary," 
T  he  Century,  .January,  190.3. 

Mention  the  Southern  Planter  when  cor- 
«epo  nding  with  advertisers. 


The  Miller  MANURE  SPREADER  and  PULVERIZER 

Is  a  machine  every  farmer  should  have.    It  will  SAVE  YOU  its  cost  In  a  short  while. 
IT  MAKES  FRIENDS  WHEREVER  SOLD. 


wnflforSogue.      THE  NEWARK  MACHINE  CO.,      - 

Mention  the  Southern  Plantbb  when  you  write. 


Newark,  Ohio. 


Made  for  the  Man 
Who  Wants  the' 
Best. 


ThO;  Great  Western 
Manure  Spreader 


will  also  spread  compost*  Hmc,  land  plaster,   enlt.    wooJ  o-hi  _     _ 

do  it  quicker,  better  and  more  evenly  than  it  can  be  done  by  hand.     Spreads  as  much  manure  in  one  day  as  twelve 

load  and  spread  by  hand  and  the  job  is  much  better  when  done.     Spreads  the  largest  load  a  team  can  haul  in  2  to  4  minutes.    It 

makes  thesamearaount  of  manure  go  three  times  as  far  and  at  the  same  time  produce  better  results. 

)r  little  while  in  motion.  Puts  tlini  C9Q  |  nnnu— always  ready  to  load.  Notumlngf 
orspots— Sto2JloadsDeracre.  LnULLOu  ArnUII  back  into  position  with  crank, 
away  from  beater  while  loading  and  acts  as  hood  in  spreading, 
ig  sticks,  stones,  etc.  Front  wheels  cut  under,  and  machine  can 
izes.  Capacity  30  to  70  bushels.  It  saves  time,  labor  and  moner 
d  spreads  it  so  evenly  thatitisimmediatelyavailableforplantfood, 
I  iDOr  OlTll  nfilir  lObvKiinclies.withSUrcrecutsshowsthespreaderperfectlyanddescribcsitfuIly.  Tellsalsohow 
LAnbt    bA  I  aLUuUt  to  appiv  manure  to  secure  bestresults.     Mailed  tree.  < 

SMITH  MANURE  SPREADER  C0.»  &H  N.  JEFFERSON  ST.,  GHiCAQOi  ILU 


wnlem^.    Madein  twostjles  and  foui 


BLACK-LEGINE 

Pasteur  Blackleg  Vaccine  ready  for  use.  UpARAxlf 

Single  Blacklegine  (for  common  stock):  10  close  box,  $1.50; 
20  (lose  box,  12.50;  50  dose  box,  $6.00.  Double  Blacklegine  (for 
choice  stock)  $2.00  for  10  doses,  first  lymph  and  second  lymph  inclu- 
sive.   Blacklegine  Outfit  for  applying  Blacklegine,  50  cents. 

Pasteur  Vaccine  Co., 

CHICAGO  -  NEW  YORK  -  FT.  WORTH  -  SAN  FRANCISCa 


SPB* 

Best  sprayer  made  for  nlnei 
Shrubbery,  etc.  Rite^ilj  carric 


YING  IS  EASY 


and  you  have  an  outfit  always  ready  at  a  mementos 
notice  for  u  small  or  larpe  job  in  the 

GARFIELD    KNAPSACK    SPRAYER. 

i?iitb9  of  all  work,    a?<    Cotton,    Tobacco,   Potatoes,   Cardans 

I  luid  worked,  .simple  and  durable.  C'ui.pnr  tank  foncaved  to  til 
hinp:  to  corrode.  We  also  mako  the  Empiro  King  and  Orchard 
rlartre  operations,  and  others  for  all  purposes.  l-uUy  described 

FIELD  FORCE  PUMP  CO..  223  Eleventh  St.,Elmira.  N.Y. 


1903.J 


TKB  SOUTHBEN  PLANTBB. 


137 


THE  GENTLEMAN  ON  THE  PLANTATION 


SHOULD    HAVE    AS    MANY    COMFORTS     AND    CON- 
VENIENCES AS  THE  GENTLEMAN  IN  THE  CITY. 


With  a  WIND  MILL  or  GASOLINE  ENGINE  farm 
work  can  be  made  easy  and  at  a  small  cost. 
You  can  CUT  and  GRIND  FEED,  SAW  WOOD,  THRESH 
GRAIN,  PICK   PEANUTS,  SHELL  CORN,  MAKE  CIDER, 
PUMI'  WATER  FOR  STOCK,  and 

LAST  BUT  NOT  LEAST 

PUT  WATER  IN  YOUR  OWN  HOUSE. 


STRATTOIM  tc  BRACC 


20  and  22  N.  Sycamore  St.,  PETERSBURG,  VA. 


You  can  have  your  Bath 
Tub,  Water  Closet  and  Hot 
and  Cold  Water  in  your 
own  Home. 

WE   CAN    FIT    YOU    UP 

FROM  START  TO 

FINISH. 

We  have  our  own  compe- 
tent and  skilled  workmen, 
which  we  send  out  to  install 
our  fixtures. 

NO  DISTANCE  TOO  FAR. 

-   Let  us  figure  with  you. 


IVANHOE  POULTRY  YARDS——— 


Breeders  of 


e^ 


Exhibition  Barred 
Plymouth  Rocks 


ENGLISH  CARRIERS  AND  HOMINQ  PIGEONS. 


For  information,  address 

Ivanhoe  Poultry  Yards,  Box  258,  Richmond,  va. 


\SM^1t^M^MM 


138 


THE  80UTHEEN  PLANTER 


[February 


ADVANTAGES   OF    CONSOLIDA- 
TIONS OF  SCHOOLS. 

The  educational  problem  of  the  pre- 
sent is  the  problem  of  the  rural  school. 
The  cry  has  gone  up  for  longer  term,  bet- 
ter eupervLson,  better  teaching,  better 
houses,  with  improved  equ;pment,  in- 
cluding well  selected  libraries.  The  de- 
mand is  for  a  school  that  shall  be  in 
every  respect  the  center  of  a  richer  social 
life.  This  can  never  be  so  long  as  we 
have  eo  many  small  schools.  At  the  very 
basis  of  all  reform  of  the  rural  school 
is  the  problem  of  consolidating  small 
echools  into  larger  ones  centrally  located. 
CoasolidatioQ  of  rural  schools  is  made 
all  the  more  necessary  in  the  South  be- 
cause of  the  great  multiplicity  of  schools 
resulting  from  separate  schools  for  the 
two  races.  In  view  of  our  problem,  it  is 
of  interest  to  see  the  resnlta  of  consolida- 
tion in  other  States. 

A  summary  made  up  from  the  reports 
printed  and  written  from  the  eighteen 
States  in  which  consolidation  has  been 
tried,  shows  the  following  advantages  ac- 
cruing from  the  consolidation  of  small 
echools  and  the  transportation  of  pupils 
at  public  expense : 

1.  The  health  of  the  children  is  bet- 
ter, the  children  being  less  exposed  to 
etormy  weather,  and  avoiding  sitting  in 
damp  clothing. 

2.  Attendance  ie  from  50  to  1-50  per 
cent,  greater,  more  regular,  and  of  longer 
continuance.  There  is  neither  tardiness 
nor  truancy. 

3.  Fewer  teachers  are  required,  so  bet- 
ter teachers  may  be  secured  and  better 
salaries  paid. 

4.  Pupils  work  in  graded  schools  and 
both  teachers  and  pupils  are  under  sys- 
tematic supervision. 

5.  Pupils  are  in  better  school  houses, 
where  there  is  better  heating,  lighting 
and  ventilation,  and  more  appliances  of 
all  kinds. 

6.  Better  opportunity  is  afforded  for 
special  work,  such  as  music,  drawing,  etc. 

7.  Cost  in  nearly  all  cases  is  reduced. 
This  includes  cost  and  maintenance  of 
school  huildings,  apparatus,  furniture, 
and  tuition. 

8.  School  year  is  often  much  longer. 

9.  Pupils  are  benefitted  bv  a  widened 
circle  of  acquaintances  and' the  culture 
resulting  therefrom. 

10.  The  whole  community  is  drawn  to- 
gether. 

IL  Public  barges  used  for  children  in 
daytime  may  be  used  to  transport  their 
parents  to  public  gatherings  in  the 
evenings. 

12.  Transportation  makes  possible  the 
distribution  of  mail  throughout  the  whole 
township  daily. 

13.  Finally,  by  transportation  the  farm 
becomes,  as  ofold,  the  ideal  place  in  which 
to  bring  up  children,  enabling  them  to 
secure  the  advantages  of  centers  of  popu- 
lation and  spend  their  evenings  and  holi- 
day time  in  the  country  in  contact  with 
nature  and  work,  instead  of  idiv  loafing 
about  town 

The  Parson— Your  wife,  sir,  is  trying  to 
run  my  church. 

Witherby— If  that  is  really  the  case, 
the  only  thing  for  you  to  do  is  to  join  my 
poker  club. 


ipmiE  Pulverizing  Harrow 

H  U  Ifl  C  ^B%^  Clod  Crasher  and  Le 


Sizes 
3to13  1-2  Feet. 

Agents 
Wanted 


Leveler 


SENT  ON  TRIAL 

be  returned  at  my  expense  if  not  satisfactory, 
best  pulverizer  —  cheapest  Riding  Har- 
row on  eartli.  We  also  make  walk- 
ing Acmes.     The  Acme 
crushes,  cuts,  pulverizes, 
turns  and  levels  all 
soils  for  all  pur- 
poses.  Made  en- 
tirely of  cast  steel 
'-'  and  wrought  iron 
-indestructible. 

Catalog  and  Booklet,  ".4n  Ideal  Harrow,"  by  Henry  Stewart,  mailed  free. 
I  deliver  free  on  board  at  New  York,  Cfakafo,  Colaobns,  LoolsrlUe,  Kansas  Clly,  Mlsoeapolls,  Sio  Francisco,  etc 
Address  DUANE  H.  NASH.  SOLE  MANUFACTURER         -  MILLINGTO.N,  NEW  JERSEY. 

PIEASE  MENTION  THIS  PAPEB. 


POPULAR  TOOLS  FOR  MARKET  GARDENERS 

SEE    SEED  OROPI        NEW  UNIVERSAL.        I    mew  universal       i        V  „fe,rf_ 

dOrill  4  Cultivator*^ J(Tr$f1?)D 


NEW  UNIVERSAL.        I    mew  universal 

In  Plain  '>«''''l»     Whrei      Single    Wheol 

Sight    ■■ 


The    only   implement 
made  which  cao  be  used 
as    seeder     and 
cultivator.  1  or  -l 
■vheels    as    de- 
sired.     Quickly 


POPULAR  PRICES,    i:*^  catal 


NEW  UNIVERSAL^ 

Wheel  Plows.      | 

Three  stales.    For  Cai-deaeis  Ij  ( 


AMES  PLOW  COMPANY,    56  MARKET  STREET,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

FOR  SALE  BY  GRIFFITH   &  TURNER  CO  ,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 


RODERICK  LEAN  Implements 


Famous  f 
gooJ 

spent  for 

a  postal  requesting  illustrated  catalogue  will  save  you  dollars  in  :tie 

"'  ■*  purchase  of  Spike-tooth.  Spring-ton::i 

and  Disc  Harrows  or  Land  Roi:- 

Don'tbuv  until  vou  learn 

■/..■  the  RODERICK  LEAN 


RODERICK  LEAN  MFG.C0.,Mansf1eld,0. 


ASSETS,   $900,000. 


Virginia  Fire  and  flarine 

Insurance  Company,  of  Richmond,  Va. 

Insures  Against  Fire  and  Lightning. 


AGENCIES  IX  E%ERY  TOW>  AXD  COUXTT. 

H.  PALMER,  President.  w.  h.  WCARTHY,  secretary. 


Farmers  Mutual  Benefit  Association. 

A  Fire  Insurance  Association,  chArtered  by  the  State  for  the  farmera 
o(  Virginia,  under  an  amended  and  well  protected  plan. 

Insures  in  counties  Burrounding  and  accessible  to  Richmond,  against  Fire  and 
Lightning,  only  country  propertj- — no  stores  or  unsafe  risks.  Policv  holders  amply 
secured — all  losses  paid.  Average  cost  per  year  less  than  other  plans,  and  a  great 
saving  to  farmers.  Amount  of  property  now  insured,  $330,000,  and  increasing 
yearly.     Estimated  security  in  real  and  other  estate,  t"50  000. 

For  further  information,  addrees,  CHAS.  N.  FRIEND,  General  Acent, 

mmmriom  this  joukhal.  CHESTBR.  VmaiMIA. 


IWS.J 


THE  SOUTHKR5  PLAJNTBB. 


139 


BILTMORE  FARMS,  -   Biltmore.N.O, 

Headquarters  for  GOUDEN  LAD  JERSEYS, 

Also  get  of  TREVARTH  and  GEN.  MARIGOLD.    J-    ^    * 

GOLDEN  LAD'S  SUCCESSOR,  First  and  sweepstakes  over  all  at  the  Pan-American  Exposition,  the 
champion  JERSEY  BULL  OF  AMERICA,  and  out  of  Golden  Ora,  our  great  prize-winning  cow,  both 
born  and  developed  on  these  Farms,  is  among  our  service  bulls. 

Biltmore  Jerseys  are  a  combination  of  large  and  persistent  milking  qualities  with  an  individuality 
that  wins  in  the  show  ring. 

SPECIALTY.  Write  for  descriptive  circular  of  the  best  lot  of  young  bull  calves  ever  offered,  both  for  breed- 
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calves  are  fit  to  show  and  win  in  any  company. 


^    J6 


BILTMORE  POULTRY  YARDS. 


je  j6 


SPECIALTY.  Write  for  descriptive  circjilar  of  eggs  from  our  prize- winning  pens.  Over  50  yards  to  select 
from,  made  up  of  the  winners  at  the  leading  shows  for  the  last  two  seasons.  If  you  want  winners  yon 
must  breed  from  winners. 

Headquarters  for  the  best  IMPORTED  ENGLISH  BERKSHIRES. 


APPLY  TO  BILTMORE  FARMS,  BILTMORE.  N.  O. 


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feed,  sawing  wood,  etc. 
Larger  sizes  also  furnished. 


STRATTON  &  BRAGG,  20  and  22  N.  Sycamore  St.,  Petersburg, Ya. 


140 


THE  SOUTHfiRN  PLA-NTEB. 


[Febrnary 


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i-yVi^tii'  MARVIN  SMITH  CO.,  """-"lit^dS^UT' 


USELESS  TRICKS  FOR  FARMERS. 

To  try  to  farm  without  a  judicious  ap- 
plication of  manure  to  your  lands. 

To  buy  what  you  do  not  need  because 
it  is  cheap — or  nice. 

To  plant  more  acres  than  you  can  prop- 
erly take  care  of  in  the  way  of  cultivat- 
ing because  you  wish  to  have  a  '  big" 
crop. 

To  expect  to  grow  crops  without  due 
attention  being  given  to  their  cultivation. 

To  expect  to  grow  good  crops  from  poor 
seed. 

To  expect  to  have  good  farm  stock 
without  feeding  and  giving  attention  to  it. 

To  expect  to  have  good  milih  cows 
without  providing  for  their  comfort  at  all 
seasons. 

To  leave  your  farm  tools  exposed  to 
the  weather. 

To  lounge  about  the  village  store  or 
postoffice  when  the  weeds  are  growing  in 
your  crop. 

To  talk  of  what  your  farming  opera 
tions  will  be  np.vt  year  while  you  are  do- 
ing nothing  this  year. 

To  plant  fruit  trees  and  then  allow  the 
cattle  to  destroy  them. 

To  leave  your  neighbors'  gates  open 
and  then  expect  yours  to  be  shut  always. 
You  thus  teach  a  bad  lesson  by  your  own 
example. 

To  elect  to  oflSce  men  who  cannot  take 
care  of  themselves  by  the  ordinary  pur- 
suits of  life. 

To  he  surrounded  by  mud  when  you 
can  easily  have  good  paths  about  your 
premises. 

Frank  Moxeoe  Beverlv. 

Dickenson  Co.,  Va. 

QUICK  PROFITS  IN  POULTRY. 

With  the  exception  of  strawberries, 
says  Prof.  A.  G.  Gilbert,  it  takes  three 
years  to  realize  on  small  fruits  ;  a  milch 
cow  does  not  approach  her  full  produc- 
tion short  of  three  and  a  half  years;  ap- 
ple trees  do  not  begin  to  bear  freely  short 
of  seven  or  eight  years.  How  about  the 
hen?  Three  weeks  from  the  setting  of 
the  hen  you  have  a  hatch  of  chickens; 
from  four  to  four  and  a  half  months  from 
hatching  the  cockerels  are  readv  for  the  , 
market,  and  in  five  to  five  and  a  half 
months  the  pullets  will  begin  to  lay.  Add 
to  this  the  fact  that  in  cities  at  the  pres- 
ent time  fresh  laid  eggs  are  selling  at  30 
to  3-5  cents  a  dozen,  and  it  is  clearly  de- 
monstrated that  poultry-raising  well- 
ma-^aged  is  one  of  the  most  profitable 
branches  of  farming. 

Author— My  book,  sir,  will  be  in  exist- 
ence long  after  you  are  forgotten. 

Critic— Yes,  I  should  say  that  it  is 
likely  to  escape  the  wear  and  tear  of  ex- 
cessive reading. 


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OFFERS 

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INVESTMENTS 

TO — -. 


WW 

THE  MANUFACTURER^ 
THE  STOCK  RAISER^ 
THE  DAIRYMAN^ 
THE  FRUIT  GROWER^ 
THE  TRUCKER. 
WHEBE  TOUE  LABOR  IS  NOT  IN  VAIN. 

Would  a  country  where  work  can  be  carried  on  the  entire  year  »nd  where  large 
profits  can  be  realized  interest  you? 

The  SEABOARD  Air  Line  Railway  traverses  six  Southern  States  and  aregioB 
of  this  character.  One  two  cent  stamp  will  bring  handsome  illustrated  literatore 
descriptive  of  the  sectioa. 

J.  B.  WHITE,  EDW.  E.  C(»ST.  CHARLES  B.  RYAN, 

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When  you  write  to  an  advertiser,  always  say  you  saw  the  adyer- 
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1»«S.] 


THE  80UTHBEN  PLAlirrBB 


141 


SHELBURNE'S 

Is  the  BEST  WAREHOUSE 

in  Richmond,  the  BEST  MARKET  for  all  grades  ot  Tobacco.  It 
is  the  home  of  sun  and  air  cured  Tobacco  and  headquarters  for 
flue-cured  and  shipping  types.  Here  are  located  the  head  offices  and 
stemmerles  of  all  the  large  corporations,  Regie  representatives  and  the 
largest  number  of  independent  factories  and  buyers  in  the  United  States. 

SHELBURNE'S    WAREHOUSE 

Has  the  largest  lighted  space,  insuring  equal  attention  to  every  pile. 
Ample  accommodations  in  every  way  for  all  our  customers. 
Correspondence  solicited. 

SILAS  SHELBURNE  &  SON,  Props.,  12th  and  Canal  Sts,  RICHMOND.  VA. 


THE  RICHMOND  PLUMBING 
AND  MANTEL  CO., 

26  N.  Ninth  Street,  RICHMOND,  VA., 

Has  just  received 
an  entirely  new 
Stock  and  com- 
plete line  of 

STOVES,  RANGES,  FURNACES, 

MANTELS,  GAS  and  ELECTRIC 

FIXTURES,  FILTERS,  TILING  and 

FIRE-PLAGE  TRIMMINGS. 

We  are  contractors  for 

PLUMBING,  TINNING,  SHEET-METAL 
WORK  and  ELECTRIC  WIRING. 

Correspondence  Solicited. 
CALL  AND  INSPECT |0URiSH0W-R00MS. 


142 


THE  80UTHEEN  PT.AWnCR. 


[Febrnary 


INVENTIONS  WHICH   HAVE 
BROUGHT   WEALTH. 

By  Maky  Washington. 

No.  1. 

In  rendering  the  records  of  modern  in- 
ventors in  the  United  Stales,  two  points 
strike  me  especially  about  them— tirst, 
that  the  great  majority  of  them  are  me- 
chanics, or  at  lea-,1,  plain,  practical  men, 
without  scientific  training;  and  eecondly, 
that  thev  have  a  much  easier  and  more 
prosperoiis  fate  than  the  inventors  of  past 
ages,  few  of  whom  reaped  any  pecuniary 
reward,  or  even  obtained  recognition  and 
appreciation  of  their  services  durmg  their 
lifetime. 

Among  the  long  list  of  men  in  the 
United  States  who  have  made  useful  and 
important  inventions  during  the  last 
quarter  of  the  19th  century,  few  of  them 
except  Dr.  Alexander  Graham  Bell  (in- 
ventor of  the  telephone)  enjoyed  the  ad- 
vantages of  early  scientific  training,  al- 
though those  who  had  a  strong  bent  that 
way,  managed  to  pick  it  up,  to  some  ex- 
tent, in  later  life. 

In  8tud\  ing  the  career  of  Dr.  Bell,  it  is 
very  interesting  to  note  how  hi.s  previous 
experience  both  in  his  studies  and  hfe 
work,  and  even  in  those  of  his  father 
before  him,  seemed  to  pave  the  way  to  his 
great  invention.  His  father.  Dr.  Alexan- 
der M.  Bell,  was  an  educator  of  deaf 
mutes,  born  in  October  in  1819.  In  1843, 
he  became  a  lecturer  on  elocution  and 
voice  cultare  in  the  University  of  Edin- 
burgh and  in  New  College,  but  his  prin 
cipal  work  was  instructing  deaf  mutes. 
In  1870,  he  removed  to  Camden,  and  in 
1881,  settled  in  Washington  City.  He 
published  many  works  on  elocution  and 
phonetics,  but  was  chiefly  distinguished 
as  the  author  of  "Visible  Speecti,"  a 
method  highly  successful  in  teaching 
deaf  mutes  to  speak.  His  son,  the  re- 
nowned Alexander  G.  Bell,  was  born  in 
Scotland  March  31,  1847.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  Edinburgh,  but  went  to  London 
in  1867,  and  to  Canada  in  1870.  In  1872, 
he  introduced  his  father's  system  of  deaf 
mute  instruction  into  the  United  States, 
and  was  made  a  Professor  in  Boston  Uni- 
versity. After  having  experimented  for 
years  on  the  transmission  of  sound  by 
electricity,  and  devised  various  apparatus 
for  the  purpose,  he,  at  length,  produced 
the  telephone  which  he  exhibited  in 
Philadelphia,  in  1870,  and  this  seemed 
ft  fitting  climax  to  all  his  previous 
studies,  efforts  and  labors  which  had  all 
had  a  bearing  on  the  human  voice  and 
on  electricity.  This  invention  brought 
him  a  large  fortune,  but  not  all  at  once. 
He  carried  the  first  working  model  of  his 
telephone  to  John  A.  Logan,  ofleriag  him 
a  half  interest  in  it  at  $25,  but  Logan 
made  light  of  his  machine,  and  rejected 
his  offer.  Then  he  offered  a  tenth  inter- 
est in  it  to  an  examiner  in  the  Patent  Of- 
fice for  $100,  but  this  ofler  was  also  de- 
clined. Within  fifteen  years  this  tenth 
interest  was  worth  a  million  dollari,  so 
great  a  commercial  success  did  the  tele- 

fihone  become,  when  its  claims  were  fair- 
y  set  before  the  public.  No  one  has  done 
more  than  Bell  to  annihilate  the  barriers 
of  space.  Moise's  work  was  wonderful 
enongh  in  enabling  us  to  receive  tele- 


DEAL  DIRECT  ^JTe"  FACTORY 


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of  huT'i«*s.  surreys.  pb!et4)U8,  carriaees,  and  other  hierh  grade  vehicles. 
well  lis  harnes.".  "horse  rups  and  other  horse  accessories,  in  America. 
Write  fur  the  catalogue  to-day. 

THE  COLUMBUS  CARRIAGE  &  HARNESS  COMPANY, 
Factory  and  General  Office.  COLUMBUS.  0.  \       V/rite  to 

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30    YEARS     SELLING    DIRECT 


,  We  are  the  larcrest  manufacturers  of  vehicles  and  har-        ^ 
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1.42— DonbleSurre    Harnr.<;s.  1 

As  good  as  sells  for^lOiuorc. 
Lrtrge  Catalogue  I EEE — Send  for  it.  *"^ww»j  .  rio.33I — Surrey. 

ELKHART  CARRIAGE  &  HARNESS  MFG.  CO-,  Elkhart  Ind.  As  good 


R  Perfect  Weeder 

in  all  soils,  under  all  conditions.    The  all  important  feature  of  flexibility 
of  teeth  is  near  perfection  in  the  YORK    BMPROVED. 

Made  of  square  spring  steel  with  round  points,  andsetsta^r- 

gered  in  stronj?  but  flexible  aiifiHe  steel  frame.  Wide  clearnnce,  no 
*-'^ogeine.  teeth  too  stroni;  to  break.  Multiplies  producing  (qualities 
of  poii  unci  d'les  not  whip  or  bruise  growing  plant.  Adjustable 
handles  ai.d  shafts.    Write  for  free  descriptive  circuiiir. 

Spang'er   Manufacturing  Co..  501  Qusen  Street,  York,  Pa. 


TWO  CROP  ESSENTIALS 

are  cultivation  and  keeping;  down  weeds. 
More  important  than  deep  cultivation  is 
keeping  the  surface  stirred,  breakinsr  the 
crust  due  to  rains,  and  allowing  the  li^rht, 
air,  moisture  and  warmth  to  penetrate 
quickly  to  the  roots  of  the  growine  plant. 
For  doing:  just  these  things  the  ideal  imple- 
ment is  the 

Adjustable  Weeder 
and  Shallow  Cultivator. 

It  kills  the  weeds  at  first  showing,  the  top  soil  is  pulverized  and  kept  mellow,  the  plant 
roots  are  not  disturbed  and  the  moist  soil  is  not  brought  up  to  dry  in  the  sun.  Adjustable 
in  width.  Narrows  to  30  inches,  widens  to  7J4  feet.  Strong,  rims  steady,  no  cumbersome 
shafts.  Furnished  either  with  round  teeth  or  with  flat  to  suit  different  soils,  as  we  are 
licensed  by  the  Hallock  Weeder  Conipany  to  use  tlieir  famous  flat  teeth.  Weeder  booklet 
mailed  free.  We  also  make  10  styles  Corn'Planters,  12  styles  Cultivators.  20  styles  Com  Shel- 
lers,  hand  and  power,  Harrows,  Field  Rollers,  Feed  Cutters,  etc.    Write  for  cataJogue  C. 

KEYSTONE  FARM  MACHINE  00.,^  1554  N.  Beaver  St.,  York,  Pa. 


KEYSTONE 


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No.  519  Eleventh  St.,  N.  W.,  WASHINGTON,  D.  0. 


1903.  J 


THE  80UTHBBN  PLAlITBli. 


143 


graphic  messages  over  the  wires,  but 
Bell's  is  far  more  marvellous,  enabling  us 
to  hear  the  living  voices  of  our  loved 
ones  with  all  their  lesser  peculiarities  of 
accent  and  inflection.  The  Bell  appara 
tus,  however,  was  improved  upon  by  a 
clerk  named  Emile  Berliner,  who  evolved 
ideas  which  made  the  long  distance  tele- 
phone possible.  The  monopoly  of  the 
Bell  Telephone  Company  is  now  held 
under  Berliner's  patents,  and  Emile  Ber- 
liner has  reaped  prosperity  from  them. 

Thos.  Alva  Edison  was  born  at  Milan, 
Ohio.  February  llth,  1847,  the  same  year 
in  which  Bell  was  born.  He  received  all 
his  early  education  from  his  mother,  and 
at  the  age  of  twelve  was  a  train  boy  on 
the  railroad.  A  station-master  taught 
him  the  art  of  telegraphy,  in  which  he 
Boon  became  remarkably  skillful.  He 
studied  the  principles  of  the  science,  and 
his  quick  and  inventive  mind  soon  turn- 
ed towards  making  practical  applications 
of  electricity  to  the  wants  of  every- dav 
life. 

When  he  made  his  first  important  in- 
vention, he  carried  it  to  a  company  on 
Broadway,  N.  Y.,  and  the  manager  told 
him  he  would  pay  him  136,000  for  it,  but 
not  a  cent  more.  This  announcement 
amazed  Edison,  as  he  had  not  dreamed 
of  aspiring  to  so  large  a  sum,  and  when 
the  check  was  paid  him  he  still  distrust- 
ed that  it  might  be  a  bogus  one,  especial- 
ly as  the  clerk  refused  to  cash  it  off 
hand,  but  when  Edison  established  his 
identity  the  money  was  paid  to  him  with- 
out further  difficulty. 

It  would  be  tedious  to  enumerate  all  of 
Edison's  hundreds  of  inventions.  Sufii- 
cient  to  say,  he  has  attained  not  only 
fame,  but  great  wealth  by  means  of  them. 
Amongst  his  marvellous  inventions  may 
be  mentioned  the  phonograph,  which  is 
the  root  from  which  have  sprung  the 
graphophone,  gramophone,  and  all  the 
talking  and  singing  machines  which  can 
BO  wonderfully  reproduce  the  voices  of 
the  absent  or  even  of  the  dead,  the 
strains  of  concert  singers,  and  of  bands 
and  orchestral  music. 

Augustus  Schultz,  of  New  York,  in- 
vented the  modern  method  of  tanning, 
which  has  reduced  the  process  of  making 
leather  from  a  year  or  two  to  a  few 
"weeks.  All  thin,  tough  leather  now 
manufactured  is  made  in  this  way. 
Prior  to  this  invention,  Schultz  was  very 
poor,  but  he  became  wealthy  by  means 
of  it. 

L.  C.  Crowell,  who  was  a  day  laborer, 
made  a  large  fortune  by  his  invention  of 
a  paper  folder  which  made  possible  the 
present  enormous  edition  of  many  paged 
newspapers.  The  Crowell  folder  takes 
the  sheets  as  they  receive  impressions, 
packs  them  into  neat  shape  and  stacks 
them  up,  ready  for  distribution. 

Hugh  Cook,  of  Dayton,  Ohio,  was  a 
worker  for  wages  when  he  made  the  in- 
vention on  which  the  most  efficient  cash 
register  in  the  market  is  based,  from  the 
proceeds  of  which  he  receives  about 
$25,000  a  year. 

Amongst  the  men  who  have  reaped 
wealth  from  their  inventions,  I  am  glad 
to  say  I  can  enumerate  Mr.  John  N. 
Gamewell,  of  South  Carolina,  who  in- 
vented the  fire  and  police  alarm  now 
generally  used   throughout   the   whole 


Th^    n<^l    r\\CH   SAW    MILLS   ARE    SURE    WINNERS. 
1  llw    LJ^l^KJrW^t  I   Eight  sizes,  from  Farmers' 4  h  p.  up  to 200-h.  p. 

If  Interemted,  write  for  large  Illustrated  catalogue  ot  OeLoach  Patent  Saw  Mills  to  suit 
any  power  from  4  to  200-h.  p.;  Shingle  Mills,  Planers,  Edtjers,  Trimmers,  Stave  and  Lath 
Mills.  Bolters,  Corn  and  Baljr  Mills,  Water  Whf  els,  etc.  To  introduce  our  New  Farmers' 
Saw  Mill,  fitted  with  De Loach  Patent  Variable  Friction  Feed,  we  make  this  special  ofl'er: 

We  will  deliver  on  cars  at  factory  our 
No.  O  Pony  Farmers'  Saw  Mill,  with 
Duplex  Dogs,  Imp  oved  Head  Blocks 
and  Ratchet  Set  Works,  complete  as 
shown  in  cut,  except  it  has  Carriage  made 
in  two  4-foi)t  sections,  with  Rope  Drive 
instead  of  Rack  and  Pinion,  without  Saw 
or  Belt,  for  $115.00  Spot  Cash  I 
With  .36"  Solid  Saw,  iViTAO;  40",  8132.50; 

44",  8140.00;  48",  .1:1.50.00. 
With  36"  Inserted  Saw.  S147.S0:  40"  5152.50; 

44",  8100,00;  48",  J170.00. 

Best  Rubber  Belting,  4-ply,  6",  20  cents 

per  loot ;  8",  30  cents  per  foot,  n  et. 

No  discount  from  these   prices. 

Our  Warranty:  This  mill  is  warranted  to  be  made  in  a  workman-llke  manner,  of  first 
class  material  throughout,  and  to  live  perfect  satisfaction  if  operated  accoraing  to  our 
printed  instructions,  which  are  so  simple  that  a  boy  can  understand  them.  Any  one  with 
ordinary  Intelligence  can  set  and  operate  without  the  assistance  of  an  experienced 
sawyer;  will  easily  cut  2.000  to  2  .500  feet  of  first  class  board  lumber  per  day  with  only  4-h.  p.; 
3,000  ft.  with  6-h.  p.;  4,000  ft.  with  8-h.  p  ;  is  adapted  to  any  kind  or  size  power  up  to  15-h.  p. 
DeLOACH  MILL  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  Box  600,  ATLANTA,  GEORGIA,  U.  S.  A. 
The  DeLoach  is  the  only  mill  made  that  is  shipped  to  all  partsof  the  world.  Over  10,000  in  use. 


THERESA  HEN  ON 


doing  her  duty  and  making  yoa  easy  i 


II    The     ilawkeye     

Made  in  eizes  to  suit  your  needs,  from  60 
eggsto200,  all  of  the  finest  and  most  approv- 
ed construction  and  ^aaranteed  in  every 
particular.  Our  littie  price  includes  every- 
thing needed.  W"e  send  our  incubators  on 
30  DAYS' FREE  TRIAL.  Sendforfree 
illustrated  catalogue  describing  fully  all 
sizes  of  Hawkeye  Incubators  and  Brooders, 
paper,  or  send  10c  and  we 
leading  poul- 


VW^" 


^ 


3  and  s 
B  year. 
Box 49,  Nf 


m  9^  ^w^^^ ^..^ 


THE  HATCHBNG  INSTINCT.  1^,::^^'";:^::^:^ 

been  ■„r„i„^  all  fertile  petalumH  incubator. 

non-shrinking-  redwood,  lieaters  of  c 
itiUting.  self-'eeuUtinjT.     Devices  the  mostsensitivcand  depe.  Jal  le.    Supplies  moisture 
dry  climates.     U^ed  all  over  U.  S.  with  great  e-Kp.rt  demand.     IVtulumu  Ifrooderi. 
'C  no  superiors.  Fair  prices  and  freight  paid  all  over  U.  S.    Write  for  latent  free  catalogue. 

PETALUMA  INCUBATOR  CO.,  Box   46,  Petaluma,  Cal.,  or  Box   46.  Indiaaapolts.lad. 


^  INCUBATORS  ON  30  DAYS'  TRIAL      THE  WORLD'S  BEST  STANDARD  HATCHER.  ^ 

Thonsands  of  these  Incubators  are  in  successful 
operation  in  the  United  States,  Canada,  South 
Africa,  New  Zealand ,  Sweeden,  England,  Hollan  d, 
and  Germany.  These'machines  operate  to  perfec- 
tion and  always  bring  off  a  large  brood  of  strong, 
healthy  chicks.  Catalogue  with  full  particulars 
sking     The  Standard  F.  C.  Incubator  Co.,  Dept.  6,  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A. 


I  DO  YOXTFt  TIiA.JiJ.NG..  | 

TO  Where  an  established  reputation  warrants  continued  confidence.    Th«  name  oi  $ 

^  LUMSDEN  on  anything  in  the  JEWELRY  or  SILVERWARE  line  is  a  standard  of  at 

A  QUALITY.  O 

i  FINE  COLD  AND  DIAMOND  JEWELRY,  I 

I  STERLING  SILVERWARE  AND  CUT  CLASS.  | 

%  SIX  SOLID  STERLING  SILVER  TEA  SPOONS,  $3.40.    Write  for  our  catAlosue,  it  J 

A  contains  many  articles  on  which  we  can  saye  you  money.  a» 

I  C.  LUMSDEN  t  SON,  Established  1835,  731  E.  Main  St.,  Richmond,  Va.  | 
a6«€€e€€C<aocccac6c«ccecc'e€€€€€€cao<iqcc«ac«o«ctt»i»ai>9ai»e 


Wlien  corresponding  with  Advertisers,  alTvays  mention 
The  Soutliem  Planter. 


144 


iTHB  80UTHEEN  PLANTER. 


[Febrmarj 


civilized  world.  Mr.  Gamewell  received 
a  me-lal  both  from  the  French  and  Rus- 
Bian  Governmeat  for  this  invention. 
He  took  up  his  residence  in  New  York 
citv,  was  made  Superintendent  of  the 
Fire  Department,  and  acquired  a  large 
fortune  from  his  patents. 

Another  Southerner  who  has  achieved 
prosperitv  bv  his  inventions,  ia  Mr. 
Jam«s  Albert  Bonsack,  of  Virginia,  who 
invented  the  cigarette  machine,  which 
has  redounded  so  largely  to  the  wealth 
both  of  the  State  and  of  himself. 

OF  217  MOSTILLITERATE COUNTIES 
IN  THE  UNITED  STATES,  212  ARE 
IN  THE  SOUTH. 

In  the  Southern  States  there  are  two 
hundred  and  twelve  counties  in  which 
one-fifth  or  more  of  the  native  white 
males  of  voting  age  (twenty  one  years 
old  and  over)  are  illiterate;  in  all  other 
States  of  the  Union  only  five.  In  two 
States — North  Carolina  and  Louisiana— 
nearly  half  the  counties  are  in  this  cla.=s. 
In  fifty-one  of  the  SDUthern  counties  the 
illiteracv  in  this  class  is  thirty  per  cent. 
or  more!  Of  these,  three  are  in  Virginia, 
three  in  North  Carolina,  nine  in  Ken- 
tuckv,  eighteen  in  Louisiana  and  eighteen 
in  Texas.  In  any  of  these  counties  the 
balance  of  power  is  in  the  hands  of  the 
illiterate  voters,  and  illiteracy  is  king. 
Under  such  conditions  Democratic  gov- 
ernment must  be  in  great  danger  Its 
form  mav  remain,  but  its  substance  can 
hardly  exist  longer.  If  it  does  continue 
to  exist,  it  can  only  be  to  illustrate  the 
truth  of  the  fact  that  it  is  woe  unto  any 
country  when  the  ignorant  man  and  the 
evil  bear  rale  in  it. 

Prunes  are  exceedingly  wholesome  and 
should  be  used  often  as  dessert.  Many 
whose  digestion  forbids  the  eating  of 
other  fruit  can  eat  stewed  prunes  and 
be  benefited  by  them.  Prunes  have  a 
curative  property.  They  are  very  suita- 
ble for  the  diet  "of  convalescents.  They 
are  nutritious,  laxative,  and  healing  to  j 
the  membranes  of  the  stomach.  Do  not  ] 
taie  medicine,  but  eat  liberally  of  stew- 
ed prunes.  They  have  been  known  to 
cure  inflammation  of  the  stomach.  There 
are  several  difierent  varieties  of  as  many 
different  qualities,  sour  and  sweet,  but 
the  large  French  prunes  are  the  best  that 
can  be  had. 

Stewed  prunes  are  the  best  for  general 
use.  Wash  thoroughly  and  soak  them 
an  hour  in  cold  water,  then  stew  slowly 
in  a  porcelean-lined  stewpan  until  soft. 
Sugar  to  taste  before  sending  to  the  table, 
or  they  can  be  sweetened  wnile  stewing. 

The  heavy  charges  on  small  parcels 
come  pretty  near  being  outrageous.  The 
robbery  is  all  the  worse  where  a  package 
has  to  travel  between  two  small  towns 
and  over  the  routes  of  two  express  com- 
panies. There  should  be  a  universal  par 
eels  post.  This  reform  should  precede 
any  reduction  of  letter  postage.  Now 
that  rural  free  delivery  will  soon  be 
made  universal,  the  next  great  reform  to 
be  insisted  upon  ia  the  parcels  post. 
Then,  for  a  few  cents,  farmers  can  supply 
customers  in  the  cities  directly  with  nice 
fresh  fruits,  vegetables,  etc.,  just  as  is 
done  in  England. 


Uncle  Sam  says  it's 
all  right 

Uncle  Sam.  In  the  person  of  ten  of  his  government  otBcials,  is  always  In  chares  of  every 
department  of  our  distillery.  During  the  entire  process  of  distillation,  after  the  whiskey 
Is  stored  in  barrels  in  our  warehouses,  during  the  seven  years  it  remains  there,  from  the 
very  grain  we  buy  to  the  whiskey  you  get.  Uncle  Sam  is  constantly  on  the  watch.  We  dare 
not  take  a  gallon  of  our  own  whiskey  from  our  own  warehouse  unless  he  says  it's  all  right. 
And  when  he  does  say  so.  that  whiskey  goes  direct  to  you.  with*all  its  original  strength,  rich- 
ness and  flavor,  carrying  a  UNITED  ST.^TES  REGISTERED  DISTTLLER'S  GUARAN- 
TEE of  PURITY  and  AGE,  and  saving  the  dealers'  enormous  profits.  That's  why 
HAYNER  WHISKEY  is  the  best  for  medicinal  purposes.  That's  why  it  is  preferred  for 
other  uses.  That's  why  we  have  over  a  quarter  of  a  million  satisfied  customers.  That's 
why  Y'OU  should  try  it.    Y'our  money  back  if  you're  not  satisfied. 

Direct  from  our  distillery  to  YOU 

Saves  Dealers'  Protits  I    Prevents  Adulteration  I  ^^"" 

HAYNER  WHISKEY 

PURE  SEVEN-YEAR-OLD  RYE 

4     FULL     $0:20  EXPRESS 
QUARTS  W       PREPAID 

■We  will  send  you  FOUR  FULL  QUART  BOTTLES  of  HAYNER'S  SEVEN- 
■YEAR-OLD  RYE  for  $3.20.  and  we  will  pay  the  express  charges.  Try  it  and 
if  you  don't  find  it  all  right  and  as  good  as  you  ever  used  or  can  buy  from 
anybody  else  at  any  price,  send  itback  at  our  expense,  and  your  J3.20  will  be 
returned  to  you  by  next  mail.  Just  think  that  ofler  over.  How  could  it  be 
fairer?  If  you  are  not  perfectly  satisfied,  you  are  not  out  a  cent.  Better  let 
us  send  you  a  trial  order.  If  you  don't  want  four  quarts  yourself,  get  a 
frieud  to  join  you.  We  ship  in  a  plain  sealed  case,  no  marks  to  show  what's 
inside. 

Orders  for  Ariz.,  CaL.  Col.,  Idaho,  Mont.,  Nev.,  NMex..  Ore. ,  Utan. 'Wash, 
or  Wyo.  must  be  on  the  basis  of  4  ({aarts  for  S4.00  by  Express 
Prepaid  or  HO  ^,uATts  tor  S16.00  by  Freisht  Prepaid. 

■Write  our  nearest  office  and  do  it  NOW. 

THE  HAYNER  DISTILLING  COMPANY 

ATLANTA.  GA.  DAYTON,  OHIO  ST.  LOUIS,  MO.  ST.  PAUL,  MINN. 

153  DiSTnXEKT,  Tbot,  O.  Estabushkd  1866 


OHAKTEKEO    1370, 


Merchants  National  Bank 


OF  mCHMONO,   VA, 

Designated  Depository  of  the  United  States,  City  of 
Rlchmona  and  Commonwealth  of  Virginia. 
Being  the  Largest  Depository  for  Banks  between  Baltlmor* 
and  New  Orleans,  this  Bank  offers  snperior  facilitlec  fbr 
direct  and  quick  oolleotlons. 


ISO.  F.  BRANCH. 

President. 


JNO.  K.  BRANCH, 

■Vloe-Presiaent. 


Capital  Stock,  $200,000,00 

Sarplns  and  Proflta,  5600,000,00 


JOHH  r.  QUENN, 

Oaahler. 


DiBioroBS.— John3'.;Brancli,  B.  B.  Mnnford,  Chaa.  B.  StrlnglUIow,  Tbos.  B.  Soott,  B.  W 
Branch,  Fred.  W.  Soott,  Jas.  H.  Dooley,  Jno.  K.  Branch,  A.  8.  Bnfbrd,  B.  C.  Morton.  AnOnw 
Plxalnl.  Jr..  J.  P.  Qeorge,  Alex.  Hamilton,  Sam'l.  T.  Morgan. 


1903.] 


TETB  BOT7THEBN  FLAKTEB. 


146 


If  You  Want 


YOUR  GOOSE  TO  LAY 
"THAT  GOLDEN  EGG" 


FEED  HER  PROPERLY. 

I  mean  buy  your  supplies  right.  You  should  lay  aside  a  few  Gold  Pieces 
yourself,  you  might  ask  how  it  can  be  done— easy,  dead  easy— stop  paying 
high,  country  prices.  The  mail  comes  to  your  home  six  times  a  week,  I  can 
get  a  letter  from  you  every  day. 

GET  MY  PRICES,  I  WILL  BE  GLAD  TO  MAIL  YOU  OR  YOUR  FRIENDS 

MY  PRICES  EVERY  NIGHT. 

The  railroads  almost  pass  your  house.  Uncle  Sam  spends  millions  yearly 
to  give  you  mail  and  railroad  accomodations.  You  need  not  come  to  town, 
let  Uncle  Sam  do  your  shopping.  He  can  knock  the  spots  out  of  you  in 
buying— just  try  him.  No  matter  how  small  your  order  I  will  be  glad  to  have 
it  and  ship  promptly.    Here  is  what  your  groceries  will  cost  you 

/=^^    HIST  ONE-HALP  WHAT  YOU  ARE  NOW  PAYING.^-^ 


Arbuckle'e  Green  Coffee 9^ 

Granulated  Sugar i\ 

Beat  Family  Flour 4  25 

Byrd  leland — have  no  other. 

10,000  lbs.  Nice  Family  Pork 9 

7  Boxes  Axle  Grease 25 

800  BblB.  White  Oil 12 

1,000  Bushels  Seed  Rye 68 

500  Tons  Fine  Timothy  Hay,  hun- 
dred    75 

300  Tons  Choice  Clover  Hay,  hun- 
dred   70 

10  Large  Cakes  Fancy  Soap 25 

C  r  y  B  ta  1    Washing    Soda,    Light, 
S  m  o  ot  h,  and   Durable,  makes 

Washing  Easy 30 

Washing  Powders,  8  for 25 

Fine  Gun  Powder  Tea 40 

Ben  Mocha  and  Java  Coffee  Roasted  18 
Large  Fat  Mackerel  in  Nice  Buck- 

ete  or  Kits,  about  15  Iba 1  25 

New  River  Herrings,  750  fish  in  the' 

barrel.  Large  and  Fat 5  50 

New  Cut  Herrings,  barrel 5  50 

Finest  Cream  Cheese. 15 

Baker's  Chocolate— 2  Cakes 25 

New  Table  Raisins— 6  Lbs 60 

Fine  French  Candy 8 

Pure  Lard 9J 

•10  Tone  Pure  aty  Made  Shipstuff, 

hundred 1  00 


Cotton-Seed  Meal,  Nothing  Finer. 

510  Tons  Cotton-Seed  Hulls — an  ex- 
cellent Winter  Food,  Cheap  and 

Nutritious,  per  hundred 50 

This  is  as  good  as  Coarse  Meal  for 

60,000  lbs!  Rock  Salt  for  Stock— try 
a  bag,  keep  it  in  the  Trough,  im- 
proves Stock  very  much,  $1.00  for 
100  lbs. 

Chalmer's  Gelatine,  3  for 25 

Seedless  Raisins  in  Packages 9 

Cleaned  Currants,  per  lb 8 

New  Citron  for  Fruit  Cake 12 

Home  Made  Mince  Meat 8 

100,000  lbs.  New  Mixed  Nuts 11 

Virginia  Hams,  Choicest  of  Meat.  I 
have  a  Nice  Lot  of  Hams  Made 

inSmithfield,  Va 14 

Fine  Sweet  Cider,  per  gallon 20 

Home-Made  Black  Berry  Brandy,  5 
years  old  and  nice. 

Family  Tonic,  quart 20 

Northampton  Anple  Brandy,  6  years 
old — pure — Apple  Juice — nothing 

finer  made— gallon 2     00 

Clemmer'a  Fine  Old  Mountain  Rye 
Whiskey,  double  distilled,  sweet 

and  wholesome,  quart 40 

Juniper  Gin,  sure  cure  for  bladder 
and  kidney  troubles ;  relieves  the 
cutting,  stinging  ache  in  your  back, 
quart 45 


Gibson's  Fine  Old  Rye  Whiskey ;  fit 
for  a  king,  get  a  quart 75 

O'Grady's  Pure  Malt.  Try  a  bottle 
of  Malt  for  that  hacking  cough.  It 
is  a  sure  cure.  It  is  gewd  for  dys- 
pepsia. Indigestion  it  cures  at 
signt.  Warms  the  inner  man ; 
makes  new  rich  blood,  and  stimu- 
lates the  whole  system.  It  has 
saved  many  and  many  a  man  and 
hie  family.  75  a  quart.  The  price 
is  insignificant  compared  to  the 
benefit  it  will  do  you. 

Country  Cured  Bacon  Sides ISJ 

100,000  bushels  finest  Oats 40; 

60,000  bushels  fine  Com 66 

Water-ground  Com  Meal,  made  of 
the  finest  White  Corn,  and  ground 
by  one  of  the  finest  mills  m  Vir- 
gmia.    Bushel 72 

I  have  everything  that  is  required 
by  a  farmer  from  a  1,000  acre  farm 
to  a  mouse  trap.  Write  for  my 
price  list  that  will  give  you  more 
information~than  a  gossiping 
woman. 

Clover  Seed,  prime  Crimson  Clover 
Seed 2  80 

Choice  Crimson  New-Ciop  Clover 
Seed _ 4  26 

Fine  Winter  Turf  Oats  (seed) 78 

Prime  Winter  Seed  Oats 60 


I  have  an  immese  stock  of  NEW  YEARS'  GOODS,  CAKES,  CANDIES. 
ERUITS  of  all  kinds,  and  I  will  ship  any  quantity  required. 

D.  O'SULUVAN,  Eighteenth  and  Main  Sts.,  Richmond,  Va. 


146 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAlTrKB. 


[Febmary 


Tlia  following  list  of  papers  and  perlo<Uoala 
•!•  the  moA  popnlar  ones  in  tliU  section. 
We  can  SAVE  YOD  MONEY  on  whatever 
Jonmal  yon  wish. 


DAXLTES.           pii,c(  WITH 

«LONE.   rLANTt> 

Tlmes-Dlspatoh.  Richmond,  Va 1 5  00  1 5  o" 

The  Post,  Washlngrton,  D.  C S  00  6  00 

News-Leader,  Richmond,  Va „..  S  00  3  00 

TRI-M'EEKXT. 

The  World  (thrloe-a-week),  N.  Y 1  00  1  26 

VKKKT.TKB. 

Harper's  Weekly „ 4  UO  4  00 

"         Bazaar_ «.,..,_„. 1  00  J  40 

Hontcomery  Advertiser.. 1  00  1  00 

Nashville  American _ SO  76 

The  Baltimore  San 1  Ot  1  8t 

Breeder's  Gazette _ 2  00  I  75 

Hoard's  Dairyman _ .....  I  00  1  SS 

Ooontry  Gentleman^ _ 1  60  1  75 

Tlmee-Dlspatch,  Richmond,  Va.-...  1  00  1  25 

BellglonB  Herald,  Richmond,  Va....  2  00  2  26 

Central  Presbyterian,     "          "...  2  00  2  50 

Christian  Advocate,        "          "    ...  1  60  1  75 

Turf,  Field  and  Farm 4  00  4  00 

Spirit  of  the  Times 4  00  4  00 

Horseman S  00  S  00 

SEMI-MONTHLIES. 

Wool  Markets  and  Sheep 60  75 

Dairy  and  Creamery 6t  76 

Commercial  Poultry 50  76 

Allthree _ 1  50  1  15 

MONTHLIES. 

North  American  Review 5  00 

The  Oentnry  Magazine 4  00 


600 
4  25 

St.  Nicholas          "         _ g  00  8  26 

Iilpplnoott's          •■        2  SO  2  50 

Harper's                '•         4  00  4  00 

Fomm                   "         ~. 8  00  3  26 

Borlbnei's              " $00  S  25 

Frank  LesUee       "         1  00  1  »5 

Cosmopolitan       "         ...._ 1  00  1  SS 

Kverybody's         "         ....„ 1  00  1  36 

Mnnsey                 "         __  I  00  1  36 

Strand                    "        — » 1  25  1  (o 

McClnre's             **        -...  1  00  1  i6 

Puritan                 "         1  00  1  85 

Bevlew  of  Revlewa.....„....._....„„.  2  50  2  75 

Lelsnre  Honrs 1  00  1  25 

Blooded  Stock. 60  60 

Where  yon  desire  to  subscribe  to  two  or  more 
of  the  pnbllcatlona  named,  yon  can  arrive  at 
the  net  subscription  price  by  deducting  60 
cents  from  "our  price  with  thePlarUer."  If 
yon  desire  to  subscribe  to  any  other  pnbllca 
tlons  not  listed  here,  write  ,ns  and  we  will 
eheerfUlly  qnots  clubbing  or  net  subscription 
rates. 

Subscribers  whose  time  does  not  expire 
vntll  later  can  take  advantage  of  our  club 
rates,  and  have  their  subscription  advanced 
one  year  from  date  of  expiration  of  their 
mbssrlptlon  to  either  the  Ptanler  or  any  of 
the  other  publications  mentioned. 

Don't  hesitate  to  write  ns  for  any  Informa- 
tion desired ;  we  will  cheerfully  answer  any 
earrespondenoa. 

We  famish  n»  tampu  eopia4ot  othar  pen- 


Seed  Jlouse  of  the  South. 


TIHOTHT. 
OBCHARD 


JoxursoH 


BUCKWHEAT. 
OATS  »Bd 
CAHK  SEED. 


"Whatsoever  One  Soweth,  That  Shall  He  Reap." 

We  seU   strictly   reliable  FI£LD    AUTD    GARDEN  SEEDS  •! 

every  Tarlety  at  liowest  Market  rates,  Incladed  in  wUcta 

are  BAGIiAND'S  PEDIGREE  TOBACCO  SEEDS. 


.we  ALSO  SMLL. 


Out  Own  Brands  of  Fertilizers^ 

For  Tobacco,  Corn.  Wheat.  Potatoes,  &c. 

Pare  Raw-Bone  Meal,  Nova  Scotia  and  Tlrcinla  Plaster  and 

Fertillzlns:  Materials  generally. 

Partiee  wishing  to  pnrcliase  will  find  it  to  their  intereet  to  price  onz  (oodi. 
Samples  sent  by  mail  when  deeired. 


Wm.  A.  Miller  &  Son,  ^ 


1016  Main  street 
LYNCHBURG,  VA. 


Heodquorters  for 
Nursery  Stock. 


We  make  a  specialty  of  handling  dealers'  orders. 

ALL   STOCK  TRUE  TO    NAME. 

Pecans,  Ornamental  and 

Chestnuts,  Shade  Trees, 

Walnuts,  Evergreens, 

Small  Fruits,  Roses,  Etc, 

CALIFORNIA  PRIVET,  for  Hedelng.  WRITE  FOR  CATALOGUE. 

..AQENTS   WANTED.. 

FRANKLIN  DAVIS  NURSERY  Co.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

■ccoce«ieeee«ie<iccccc<«<€cc<i<i— c«<e<i«ie«cwwc<«»<<( 


Apples, 

Nectarines, 

Pears, 

Cherry, 

Peach, 

Quinces, 

Plum, 

Almonds, 

Apricots, 

1903.] 


THE  SOTJTHEEN  PLAIJTEB. 


147 


>  LEE^S   P'^^P^'^^P  AQRICUTURAL   L|ME| 

rOr  CO  I  I  ON  when  used  on  laud  with  a  fair  amount  of  vegetation  or  with  COMPOST  (which  is  better  the  ^ 
crops  are  as  good  as  from  any  Fertilizer.  It  prevents  RUST  and  SHEDDING  and  keeps  the  plants  green  much  ^ 
longer  in  dry  weather.  ^k 

PEANUTS  With  the  same  conditions  as  above,  it  is  a  COMPLETE  FERTILIZER  for  this  CROP.  Our  % 
customers  say  it  is  equal  to  the  BEST  FERTILIZERS  ON  THE  MARKET.  C 

D/\Rll  HE/A V  Y  I  OD/\Cv-0  Haul  out  your  farm  pen  scrapings,  plow  under  and  broadcast  500  to  600  ^ 
lbs.  per  acre  (the  earlier  the  better),  and  you  will  get  a  heavy  crop  of  Tobacco  and  a  fine  crop  of  Wheat  and  ^ 
Clover  or  other  grass,  and  by  proper  rotation  will  have  a  rich  lot  for  any  crop.  ^ 

DRIuH  I      I  UDACCO  Our  customers  say  that  200  lbs.  per  acre  in  the  drill  with  other  Fertilizer  will  prevent  f 

the  Tobacco  from  FIRING  and  giving  it  a  GOOD  BODY  and  increase  its  value  $20  per  acre.     For  Wheat,  Oats,  ^ 

Clover  and  other  grass  it  is  exceptionally  good.  ^ 

It  prevents  RUST,  SCAB  and  SMUT  in  WHEAT  and  and  all  say  it  is  the  best  thing  for  clover  they  ever  used.   Fruit  ^ 

Growers  will  find  a  WONDERFUL  IMPROVEMENT  by  it  use  on  their  Orchards  and  Vineyards.  > 

Our  EXCELSIOR  TOBACCO  EERTILIZER 

Has  been  tested  for  six  years  and  has  proved  equal  to  and  in  some  cases  superior  to  the  high-grade  ammoniated 
goods  on  the  market.  We  put  in  no  useless  filler  and  ihe  farmer  gets  the  2000  lbs.  to  the  ton  of  valuable  fertilizer 
for  the  crops  and  THE  LAND.  Hence  they  say  their  succeeding  crops  are  much  better  than  from  other  fertilizers 

Our  SPECIAX.  CORN  FERTILIZER  For  land  where  there  is  not  an  abundance  of  vegetation  is  equal  to  any. 

^•-General  agents  for  BliACK  DEATH  BUG  KIIiI.£R  for  destroying  Potato  Bugs,  Tobacco  Worms, 
and  all  insects  injurious  to  vegetation ;  and  Sifters  and  Insecticide  distributors  for  applying  it. 

PI.AIN  SHEIiL.  lilM E 

Constantly  on  hand  at  lowest  prices. 

WRITE  FOR  CIRCULARS.  A._ 


No.  1  WOOD-BURXT  lilME 

In  car  lots  at  lowest  market  price  from  kilns. 

Im'EL'E  a.  sow,  R^icHxaoi'D.  va. 


WAGONS  and  BUGGIES 

MADE 

RIGHT  HERE 

AT  HOME 

The  BARBOUR  BUGGY  CO., 
The  HUGHES  BUGGY  CO., 
The  VIRGINIA  WAGON  CO. 


All  of  Virginia. 


These  vehicles  are  guaranteed  to  be  as  good  as  can  be  bought  elsewhere  ;  material  and  workman- 
ship unsurpassed  ;  all  sizes  and  styles,  prices  low.  We  can  save  you  time,  money  and  freight  by 
purchasing  our  vehicles.  Send  for  our  illustrated  catalogues.  Drop  in  our  warehouse,  and  inspect  our 
stock.     Inquiries  cheerfully  answered. 

RICHMOND  BUGGY  &  WAGON  CO.,  1433  E.  Main  Street,  RICHMOND,  VA. 

J.  T.  DUNN,  Manaeer. 


148 


THE  80T3THEHN  PLAITTEB. 


[Tebmary 


Established  by  GEO.  WA.Tr,  1840. 


MANTBED  CALL,  Genera!  Manager. 


THE  CALL- WATT  CO. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Crown,  Crescent  and  Watt  Plows, 

AND   REPAIRS   FOR    PLOWS    IN    GENERAL   USE. 

Dealers  in  AGRICULTURAL  IMPLEMENTS,  MACHINERY  &  VEHICLES, 

No.  13  S.  Fifteenth  Street,  Between  Main  and  Gary  Streets,    ■    RICHMOND,  VA. 


ItEFA.IB8  for  all  the  plows  in  general  use. 

COBir  PLANTEBS  with  and  without  Fertilixer  Attach- 

tachment. 
OULTIVATOBS— Iron  Age  pattern,  Disc,  Biding  and 

Walking  Shovel  Cultivators. 
HABBOWS— Iron  Age,  All-Steel  Lever,  Solid  and  Cut- 

Out  Disc. 
FIELD    BOLLEBS— Steel  or  Wood,  Two  and  Three 

Section. 


PODDEE    AND    ENSILAGE   CUTTEBS.    FEED 

MILLS,  COEN  SHELLEHS. 
HOBSE    FOWEBS,   COMBINED   FEED    MILLS 

AND  POWERS. 
ENGINES,  THRESHEBS,  SAW  MILLS,  BAKES 

MOWEBS. 
FARM  AND  FREIGHT  WAGONS,  all  sizes. 
BUGGIES,     SUBBETS,     DAYTON     WAGONS. 

EOAD  CABTS. 


Implements,  Machinery  and  Vehicles  for  all  Purposes. 


*&- WRITE    FOR    PRICES.-^ 


AINSLIE  CARRIAGE  CO., 

Not.  8, 10  and  12  Tenth  St.,  RICHMOND,  VA. 

Building  Carriages  to  order  is  our  special  buslne». 
Repairing  and  Repainting  done,  and  best  material  used. 
A  full  line  of  all  the  latest  styles.  Orders  for  ail 
classes  of  Vehicles  solicited. 

1903.     INTHESTUDATLAURELHILLFARM.     1903. 
THE  FINE  HACKNEY  STALLION 

+    HEIDRIK   + 

Bay  horse,  foaled  1898  ;  16  hands  high.     This  horse 
has  great  natural  action,  and  is  capable  of  getting 
the  highest  class  harness  horses. 
FEE,  $10.00  the  Season  or  $15  00  to  Insure. 

Address  C.  F.  ft  J.  BUTTON,  Walker's  Ford,  ¥a. 


I903.        IN  THE  STUD         1003. 

WEALTH,  29579. 

RACE  RECORD,  2:17i,  Pacing. 

Timed  separately  in  2:08  in  a  race  at  Indiana 
State  Fair,  1902. 

Bay  horse,  foaled  1897  ;  16  hands  high,  weight,  1,200 
lbs.     Sired  by  Gambetta  Wilkes,  2:19^,  dam  Mag- 
nolia,   by  Norfolk,   3670,     Wealth   is  grand 
individually  and  in  appearance. 

FEE,  $20  the  SBisoniwith  rituri  privilege,  or  $25  to  lisuri. 
Address  S.  F.  CHAPMAN,  GordonsvllU,  Va. 

GREAT  STAKES,  25521. 

RACE  RECORD,  2:20,  Trotting. 


Stallions  at  SpringGarden 

The  Property  of  Mr.  ROBERT  TAIT. 

Burlingame,  26235,  record  2:18}.  trotting  bav  horse,  by  Guy 
Wilkes,  2:16i,  dam  the  famous  brood  mare  Sable,  by  The  Moor. 
This  horse  is  richly  bred,  a  prize  winner,  at  the  New  York 
Horse  Show,  and  sires  grand  looking  colts.  Fee.  $'io  toe  sea- 
son. Ed.  Kearney,  chestnut  horse,  bv  Tom  Ochiltree,  dam 
Medusa,  by  Sensation.  A  grand  looking  specimen  of  the 
thoroughbred,  and  will  sire  not  only  race  horses,  but  hunters 
and  jumpers  of  the  highest  class.    Fee,  |10  the  season. 

Addren        SPRING  GARDEN  FARM,  Coelwell  P.  0.,  Va.    |  W.  H.  NELSON, 


Bay  horse,  by  Billy  Thornhill,  2:24,  dam  Sweetstakes, 

by  Sweep  Stakes,  298.     Great  Stakes  has  sired 

Captain,  2:i6i;  Foxhall,  2:19!,  and  four 

others  in  the  list.    He  is  handsome, 

well-formed  and  sires  speed 

uniformly. 

FEE,  $25.00  for  the  Season  of  1903. 

Address 

1417  E.  Franklin  St,  Riohmond,Va. 


1903.] 


THB  SOUTHERN  PLANTHS. 


149 


UB0R-SAVIN6  IMPLEMENTS  AND  MACHINERY. 


Oom  Planter. 


CORN  PLANTERS. 

for  Com,  Peaa  and  Sorghum. 


The  HOOSIER,  both   single  and   double  row,  with 
and  without  fertilizer  Attachment.    The  SPANGLER 


Olll  Till ITnDQ     PLANET  Jr.  and 
WULIIff  AlUlfOi  IRON    AGE  Culti- 


vators and  Horse  Hoes.    CONTINENTAL  Disc 
Com  Planter.  Cultivators  and  Harrows,  the  best  in  the  world. 

Spring  tooth  attachments  for  Cultivator.    RODERICK  LEAN  steel  lever  harrows  for 
one,  two  and  three  three  horses. 


THE  SOUTH 
bEND  CHILLED 
PLOWS. 


DISC  OXTLTrVATOB. 


HOBSE  HOE. 
Wood  or  Steel  beam ;  all  sizes.      Guaranteed  equal  to  any  made. 

THE  CELEBRATED 

HANCOCK  DISC  PLOW. 

Single  n  Double  Disc. 


^tr=.__-v.i-li^ 


lUT 


DISC  HABS0W3-AU  Sizes. 


.SPIKE  TOOTH  HASBOW. 


THE  OLD  RELIABLE 

PEERLESS  ENGINES. 

SAW  MILLS  and 
THRESHING  MACHINES. 


The  FISH,  The  WEBER  and  The  CHAMPION  Wagons 

IN  ALL  SIZES. 

General  agency  for  the  Columbus  Buggy,  Co.,  Col- 
umbus, Ohio,  A.  Wrenn  &  Sons,  Norfolk,  Va.,  and 
other  celebrated  makers  of  vehicles.  All  grades  in 
stock. 

Harness,  Bobes  and  Whips,  Pittsburg  Per- 
fect Wire  Fencing,  welded  by  electricity.  Circular 
for  the  asking.     Correspondence  solicited. 

THE  WATT  PLOW  CO.,  ;*S^  I  '„''£T^^^^j^,  Richmond,  Va. 


160 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAlTrBB. 


[Febrtuury 


PUKE-BRED  FOWLS. 

Why  is  the  pare-bred  fowl  better  than 
the  mongrel  T  The  reasona  are  many. 
For  one,  you  can  alwayi  depend  on  the 
pure-bred  for  uniform  ^owth.  Take  a 
mongrel  hen,  and  her  chickens  will  vary. 
They  never  grow  fiiet,  and  one  or  two  in 
the  Dnnch  will  be  ready  for  market  two 
months  before  the  others.  Not  only  that ; 
the  pure-bred  are  uniform  in  looks  after 
dressing,  and  sell  higher  on  this  account 
for  breeding  and  hatching  purposes. 
Their  eggs  and  themselves  always  sell 
higher  than  the  market  price  for  either. 
Persons  raising  the  pure-breds  exclusive- 
ly in  this  country  must  keeo  all  their 
eggs  from  early  spring  until  the  hatching 
season  is  over  to  supply  the  demand  for 
the  eggs ;  and  now,  since  incubators  are 
so  useful  and  common,  those  who  want 
eggs  often  order  many  wseks  ahead  to 
get  all  they  need.  Another  reason  is  that 
the  mongrel  hen  averages  at  the  best 
about  forty  eggs  per  year.  The  pure-bred 
laying  breeds  with  worst  care  given  will 
lay  over  a  hundred  eggs,  and  with  mod- 
erate attention  I  have  known  them  to 
lay  very  close  to  two  hundred  eggs  per 
year.— Chae.  Amge  Coy,  Georgia. 

A  DELICIOUS  NEW  SALAD 
DRESSING. 

A  most  delicious  dressing  for  green 
salads  is  made  by  putting  one  tablespoon- 
ful  of  lime  juice  in  a  bowl,  adding  a  tea- 
spoonfol  of  celery  salt,  a  saltapoonful  of 
white  pepper,  and  a  dash  of  cayenne. 
Mix  in,  a  little  at  a  time,  alternately, 
three  tableepoonfuls  of  oil  and  two  of 
lime  juice.  Stir  all  the  time,  or  the  in- 
gredients will  separate.  Add  a  table- 
spoonful  of  finely  cut  chives,  or  an  equal 
amount  of  chervil  or  fi-eah  tarragon 
leaves. 

Nodd— I  shall  have  to  postpone  that 
dinner  for  a  week. 

Todd — Certainly.  Nothing  wrong,  I 
hope. 

Nodd — Oh,  no ;  but  when  I  asked  you, 
I  was  under  the  impression  that  it  was 
the  cook's  night  in. 

Mother — Have  you  any  waterproof 
boots  for  a  boy? 

Salesman — We  have  waterproof  boots, 
ma'am  ;  but  they  are  not  for  ooys. 

Mother— Why  don't  you  have  some  for 
boys? 

Salesman — When  somebody  has  in- 
vented a  boot  that  has  no  opening  for 
the  foot  to  get  into  it,  we  may  hope  for 
boys'  waterproof  boots,  not  before. 

"Pretty  tiresome,  isn't  it?"  remarked 
the  first  man  at  a  reception. 

"It  is  so,"  replied  the  other. 

"I'd  sneak  out,  if  I  could,  but  my  wife 
would  get  mad.  She's  a  friend  of  the 
hostess, 

"I'd  sneak  out,  too,  but  my  wife  would 
be  furious.    She's  the  hostess." 

Mistress— Jane,  I  hear  the  bell.  I 
think  there  must  be  somebody  at  the 
door. 

Maid— I  think  likely,  marm ;  but  it 
don't  be  for  me;  my  company  always 
call  at  the;kitcben  door,  you  know. 


GASOLINE  ENGINES, 

ALL  SIZE5  AND  STYLES. 

Rams,  Wind  Mills, 
Tanks,  Towers,  Coun- 
try Plumbing  a  Spec- 
ialty, Saw  Mills, 
Saws,  Engines  and 
Boilers,  Pipe,  Fit- 
tings, etc.  Water- 
Supply  Contractors. 

POKTABLB  OASOLINB  ENOINBS. 

We  drilled  the  well  and  installed  the  complete  pumping  plant  at 
the  famous  old  James  River  country  place,  "  Westover." 

SYDNOR  PUMP  m  WEIL  GO.  Inc.,  Box  949,  Richnioml,  fa. 


Rural  Books! 

Every  farmer  should  have  these  books  on  his  library  table. 
They  are  invaluable. 

Feeds  and  Feeding.    Henry,       •       •       -       93  00 

Fertility  of  the  L.and.    Roberts,         •       -  1  35 

Crop  Growing  and  Crop  Feeding.    Slassey,   1  00 

All  Cloth  Bound,  Post  Paid. 

Let  us  order  your  magazines  and  other  literature  for  you. 
We  can  furnish  almost  any  periodical  and  save  you  money. 
Get  our  prices. 

THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER,  Richmond,  Va. 


Seeds!    Seeds!    Seeds! 

We  sell  the  BEST  Seeds  for  this  section.  Our  long  expe- 
rience and  study  of  the  farmer's  needs  and  the  climatic  and 
soil  conditions  enables  us  to  make  this  statement. 

Have  you  seen  our  NEW  SEED  BOOK  for  1903.?     If  not, 
send  for  a  copy  to-day.    It  is  well  worth  your  while  to  do  so. 

T.  W.  WOOD  <&  SONS, 

SEEDSMEN.  RICHMOND,  VA, 


1903.] 


THE  SOTTTHEBN  PLAHTTEB. 


161 


The  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway 

EXTENDING  FROM  CINCINNATI  AND  LOUISVILLE,  AND 
THROUGH  ITS  CONNECTIONS       i 

THE  BIG  FOUE  SYSTEM,  from  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  Peoria,   IIldiaIlapoU^ 
Sandusky  and  Cleveland ; 

THE  OHIO  CENTRAL  LINES,  from  Toledo  and  Columbus  j 

THE  CINCINNATI,  HAMILTON  &  DAYTON,  from  Detroit.  Toledo.  Lim* 
and  Dayton — 

FORMS  THE  MOST  DIRECT  *-ir^»K>'^i?„ir"  ROUTE 

To  STAUNTON,  LYNCHBUBQ,  CHABLOTTESVILLB. 
BICHUOND,  FETEBSBITBO,  NOBFOLK. 
And  Frinoipal  Virginia  Points. 

H.  W.  FULLER,  Gen.  Pass.  Agt.  C.  &  O.  Ry.,  Washington,  D.  0. 


RURAL  BOOKS 


OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION 


AT  LOWEST  PRICES. 
SOUTHERN  PLANTER,    -    Richmond,  Virginia. 


THE  SEX  OF  EGGS. 

An  English  poultry  keeper,  who  has 
been  working  on  this  subject  for  several 
years,  thinks  that  he  has  at  last  discov- 
ered a  way  to  insure  a  large  proportion  of 
either  pullets  or  cockerels,  as  may  be  de- 
sired. He  has  given  up  all  idea  of  being 
able  to  determine  the  sex  by  the  shape 
of  the  egg,  size  of  air-cell,  time  of  day  it 
was  laid,  or  any  external  charact«ristic8. 
He  now  thinks  the  sex  of  the  egg  is  de- 
termined at  the  time  of  sexual  contact, 
and  that  there  are  two  elements  or  forces 
which  unite,  a  positive  from  the  male  and 
a  negative  from  the  female. 

Where  the  predominating  force  is  posi- 
tive, a  male  will  result,  and  vice  versa. 
To  test  this,  he  mated  in  April  a  very 
vigorous  cockerel,  with  two  hens  which 
had  ;iaid  all  winter,  with  the  object  of 
getting  cockerels.  The  hens  had  worked 
hard  for  some  months,  and  the  conclu- 
sion was  that  they  must  be  more  or  less 
weakened  bj;  it.  Thus  was  obtained  a 
condition  which  pointed  to  a  preponder- 
ance of  the  positive  element,  and  the  re- 
sult was  about  80  per  cent,  cockerels. 

To  fiirther  test  this  matter,  six  pullets, 
in  the  pink  of  condition,  were  put  in  a 
pen  by  themselves,  and  every  afternoon  a 
two-year-old  cock,  which  all  the  rest  of 
the  day  was  running  with  40  hens,  was 
placed  with  them.  This  mating  resulted 
in  80  per  cent,  of  the  chicks  coming  pul- 
lets. Similar  matings  have  been  prac- 
ticed by  American  breeders  for  some 
years,  and  they  have  been  able  to  obtain 
a  large  per  cent,  of  pullets  or  of  cockerels, 
but  not  always  as  high  as  80  per  cent.,  as 
here  mentioned. 


THE  TRAP  HAS  BEEN  SET,  BUT  THE  FARMERS  "ARE  ON  TO  IT." 

S^T^BuvTHElWALTER  A. WOOD  MACHINES. 


^..^^.v--4^.;.-^^. 


7^-*^    •* 


WHY? 

Because  it  is  the  Best  fla- 

chine  Hade. 
Because    it    Belongs   to  no 

Combination. 
Because    its    Repairs    Cost 

Less. 


The  Wood  Binders,  Reapers, 
Steel  Hay  Rakes,  Tedders, 
Corn  Harvesters,  Knife 
Grinders  the  world  knows 
and  the  world  endorses. 


SEND  FOR  SPECIAL  CATALOQUE. 


WALTER  A,  WOOD  MOWING  and  REAPING  MACHINE  CO.,  Richmond,  Va. 


162 


THB  BOTJTHBEK  TJjAKTBR. 


fFebnuuy 


Latest  Improved  FARM  IMPLEMENTS. 


FARn  THRESHERS   iMACHlMES. 
ENGINES  AND  SAW  HILLS. 


Steel  Lever  Harrows. 

Wood  Harrows— All  sizes. 
Disf  Harrows— All  sizes. 
Sprin,?  Tooth  Harrows— All  sizes. 
Acme  Harrows- All  sizes. 
Harrows  tf  all  styles  kept  in  stock  at  low- 
est net  prices. 


i».43: 


DON'T  FORGET!, 


A\]  the  merchants 
'  In  town  who  claim 
to  sell  Oliver  Plows  and  Repairs  only  sell  the 
Imitation,  Bogus,  Cheap  Goods.  The  only 
place  In  Richmond,  Va.,  to  buy  Genuine  Oli- 
ver Plows  and  Repairs  is  at  1436  and  1438  East 
Main  Street. 


^^^'tSc^C.^^-'- 


One  and  Two-Horse  Planter,  Plain  or 

with  Fertilizer  Attachment. 
Special  prices  given  on  Studebaker  and 
Brown  Wagons,  Buggiec  and  Carts. 
Studebaker  Buggies,  all  styles,  Stude- 
baker Carriages,  Studebaker  Carts, 
Studebaker   Runabouts. 


Buckeye  Force  Pumps. 
Porcelained  Wood  Pumps. 

Wood  and  Steel  Wind 

Mills. 

ELI    BALING   PRESSES. 

68atyles  and  aius.  For  horse 
or  ateam  power.  Write  for  prices 
and  witalogues. 


Bement  Disc  Cultivator,  with  6  or  8  Disc. 

Built  entirely  of  steel,  steel  forgingsand  malleable  iron. 
The  most  simple  and  easiest  adjusted  cultivator  on  the 
market  to-day.    Write  for  circulars  and  testimonials. 

>•  SCIENTIFIC  FEED  iMILLS,  All  Slzea." 


The  SCIENTIFIC  Urindlng  Mills. 


Are  nnequalled  for  grinding  ear  Com,  ahncks  on  or  oB, 

Com,  Oats,  Wheat  and  all  other  grslna, 

single  or  mixed. 

POWER  MILLS  In  Five  Sizes, 

2  to  30  horse-power. 

"  SCIENTIFIC  SWEEP  niLLS  In  Five  Sizes." 

Geared— plain  and  combined,  with  horse  power. 


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The  f.-ani9  is  made  of  thor- 
oughly dry  hard  wood.  The 
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bolted.  The  bearings  are  bolted 
on  to  the  frame  instead  of 
screwed.  The  iron  work  is  made 
from  the  very  beat  material, 
and  ever  piece  la  carefully  in- 
spected before  being  put  on. 
This  machine  la  high-grade  all 
the  way  through.  It  la  hand- 
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lera.  Grinding  Mill  a. 
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PRACTICAL  AND    PROGRESSIVE  AGRICULTURE,  HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING,    LIVE  STOCK    AND   THE    FIRESIDE. 


Agriculture  Is  the  nursing  mother  of  the  Arts.— XENOPHON. 
Tillage  and  pasturage  are  the  two  breasts  of  the  State."SULLY. 


64th  Year. 


Richmond,  March,  1903. 


No.  3. 


Farm  Management. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH 

Since  writing  oar  article  on  "Work  for  the  Month" 
for  the  February  issae,  weather  conditions  have  been 
Buch  almost  throughout  the  whole  South  as  to  prevent 
the  carry  in  g  out  of  the  programme  of  work  therein 
laid  out  for  February.  The  frequent  rains  have  kept 
the  land  too  wet  for  plowing,  and  those  who  failed  to 
make  good  use  of  the  time  in  the  fall  and  early  winter 
months  to  push  on  the  work  of  breaking  land  to  be 
cropped  this  year  will  now  find  themselves  likely  to 
be  behind  hand  when  seeding  time  is  at  hand,  and  will 
perforce  be  compelled  to  try  to  put  four  months'  work 
f  into  two.  The  result  will  be  incomplete  preparation 
j  of  the  soil  and  diminished  yields  of  crops.  Year  after 
year  we  keep  on  urj  ing  the  full  utilization  of  the  fall 
and  early  winter  months  in  the  breaking  of  land  in 
order  not  only  to  lessen  the  pressure  of  work  in  the 
spring,  but  also  that  advantage  may  be  had  of  the 
ameliorating  influence  of  the  winter's  frosts  on  the 
soil,  but  with  comparatively  small  results.  The  far 
mer  Is  usually  a  procrastinating  individual — very 
much  like  the  Spaniard  who  always,  when  urged  to 
make  an  immediate  effort,  replies,  'Manyana,"  "to 
morrow,"  a  to  morrow  which  often  never  comes.  So 
with  the  majority  of  farmers — they  put  off  the  plow 
ing  of  land  in  the  fall  and  winter  months,  confident 
that  in  the  spring  there  will  be  ample  time  to  plow 
and  fit  the  land  for  the  crop.  And  yet  re  flection  would 
assure  him  that  probably  in  a  majority  of  years  in  the 
South  there  is  always  at  least  one  month,  and  often 


two,  when  the  winter  weather  and  the  spring  rains 
are  so  persistent  as  to  practically  compel  him  to  lose 
at  least  one  month  of  the  time  he  had  confidently  reck- 
oned on  within  which  to  complete  his  preparation  of 
the  land  for  the  crop.  This  practice  of  neglecting  the 
golden  opportunity  of  the  fall  and  early  winter  months 
also  results  even  when  the  spring  is  fairly  genial  in 
largely  limiting  the  amount  of  work  which  he  can  find 
time  to  put  on  the  preparation  of  the  soil,  and  this,  as 
we  pointed  out  in  our  last  issue,  is,  in  our  opinion, 
largely  the  cause  of  the  small  yields  which  crops  make 
in  the  South.  Where  land  was  broken  in  the  fall  and 
winter,  it  is  now  well  filled  with  moisture,  not  merely 
on  the  surface,  but  in  the  subsoil,  and  this,  if  con- 
served as  it  ought  to  be,  will  serve  to  meet  all  the 
needs  of  the  crop,  even  though  we  should  have  a  dry 
summer,  whilst  land  yet  to  plow,  though  now  wet  on 
the  surlace,  is  likely  to  be  dry  in  the  subsoil,  and  will 
require  very  careful  management  to  make  a  crop 
should  the  summer  be  dry.  Very  much  of  the  rain 
which  falls  on  unplowed  land  during  the  winter  is  lost 
to  the  soil,  as  it  largely  runs  off  the  soil  into  the  creeks 
and  ditches,  and  it  is  rarely  the  case  in  the  South  that 
we  can  afford  to  waste  water  in  this  way  if  we  are  to 
make  a  full  yield  from  the  land. 


As  soon  as  the  land  is  dry  enough,  let  the  plows  be 
set  to  work  first  in  breaking  the  land  intended  to  be 
seeded  with  oats,  and  then  upon  the  land  intended  for 
corn  and  forage  crops.    Do  not,  however,  be  tempted 


164 


THE  SODTHBRM  PLA_NTKlt. 


I  March 


to  plow  until  the  land  13  dry  enough  to  work  freely 
and  leave  the  plow  in  a  crumbly  condition.      Land 
plowed  wet  can  never  be  made  into  a  good  seed  bed, 
however  uuch  labor  may  be  spent  on  it,  whilst  the 
injury  done  to  the  productive  capacity  of  the  land  by 
the  trampiug  of  the  horses,  especially  in  the  bottom 
of  the  furrows,  is  great,  not  only  affecting  the  first 
crop,  but  many  subsequent  ones,  unless  remedied  by 
8ul)soiling.    Plowing,  to  be  effective,  should  not  mere 
ly  turn  the  soil  over,  but  should  do  a  great  part  of 
the  work  of  breaking  that  soil  into  fine  particles  and 
leave  it  in  such  condition  as  that  the  harrow  and  cul 
tivator  can  thoroughly  and  completely  disintegrate  it 
and  reduce  it  to  a  fine  loose  condition,  at  least  to  the 
depth  of  6  inches,  and  much  better  if  to  the  depth  of 
9  inches.     We  would  once  again  nrge  the  importance 
of  a  more  perfect  preparation  of  the  soil  before  plant 
ing  any  crop  than  is  customary  in  the  South,  or  indeed 
any  pi.rt  of  this  coantry.     Instead  of  placing  reliance 
upon  the  application  of  commercial  or  other  fertilizer 
for  the  making  of  crops,  let  the  first  reliance  be  upon 
the  perfect  preparation  of  the  soil.     There  is  an  Im 
mense  reserve  of  plant  fool   placed  by  nature  in  al 
most  every  kind  of  soil,  as  analysis  proves,  much  more 
than  suflBcient  to  meet  the  needs  of  crops  for  yearti  if 
only  available.     This  availability  can  only  be  secured 
by  the  breaking  up  of  the  soil  into  the  smallest  parti 
cles  and  subjecting  these  to  the  action  of  water,  a!r 
and  sunlight,  and  later  to  the  action  of  the  acids  de 
veloped  in  the  roots  of  almost  all  kinds  of  plants  du 
ring  the  process  of  growth,  and  which  acids  have  a 
powerful  solvent  effect  on  inert  plant  food.     Only 
when  the  soil  is  thus  finely  broken  can  the  soil  mi 
crobes  bring  to  bear  upon  it  the  wonderful  fertilizing 
qualities  which  recent  investigation  has  demonstrated 
them  to  possess.     Mr.  Geo.  M.  Clark,  of  Higganum, 
Onn.,  probably  the  mosi  successful  hay  grower  in  the 
country,  and  who  has  made  over  200,000  lbs.  of  hay 
in  one  year  on  16  acres  of  land,  and  over  20,000  lbs. 
of  hay  on  one  acre  of  land,  says  the  secret  of  his  sue 
ce'S  is  perfect  preparation  of  the  land  and  not  the  fer 
tilizer  which  houses.    He  1  hus  describes  his  method 
of  fitting  his  land  for  a  grain  and  gra'^s  crop.      He 
begins  on  July  Ist  with  the  Double  Action  Cutaway 
Harrow  going  over  the  field  twice  the  first  week  in 
half  lap,  the  second  time  at  right  angles  to  the  first. 
The  second  and  every  subsequent  week  till  August 
Ist   he   goes   over  once   in    half  lap  each  time   at 
right  angles  to  the  preceding.      He   thus    harrows 
five    times    in    July,    and     in    August    follows    in 
half-lap  with  an  8  toot  smoothing  harrow  with  level 
ling  board  until  the  surface  is  true.     He  then  plows 
the  field  with  a  24  inch  Torrent  Cutaway  plow  to  a 
depth  of  six  or  seven  inches,  then  trues  the  sur 
face  with  the  smoothing  harrow  again,  and  finally 


harrows  the  field  with  the  Double  Acting  harrow  once 
a  week  until  September  first  (say  three  times),  when 
the  field  will  be  in  condition  for  sowing  wheat  or  rye, 
if  desired,  or  to  lie  until  spring  for  oata.  In  this  way 
the  land  is  stirred  43  times  before  sowing  a  seed.  In 
the  secot  d  season,  before  sowing  the  grass  seeds  and 
after  cutting  the  wheat  or  oat  crop,  the  field  is  stirred 
32  times,  at  regular  intervals,  from  July  Itjt  to  Sep- 
tember 1st,  with  the  same  implements  as  before,  thus 
making  a  complete  stirring  of  the  soil  75  times  before 
the  sowing  of  the  grass,  which  makes  so  great  a  yield 
of  hay.  Mr.  Clark  has  for  ye.rs  demonstrated  that 
fnch  thorough  woiking  of  land  j  ields  a  heavy  profit. 
With  hay  selling  at  $12  per  ton  he  has  made  a  net 
profit  of  $42  per  acre  on  his  crop.  Whilst  it  U  not 
possible  for  a  farmer  having  a  large  area  to  put  into 
crops  of  various  kinds  to  give  so  much  work  to  each 
acre,  yet  there  is  a  great  difference  between  one  plow- 
ing, one  harrowing,  and  three  cultivations,  which  is 
about  the  average  of  that  given  to  a  crop  of  corn  in 
the  South  and  the  foregoing  method  of  Mr.  Clark. 
It  would  certainly  pay  to  give  land  here  three  or  four 
times  the  preparation  usually  given  to  It.  Try  the 
experiment. 


Oats  for  grain,  forage  or  hay  should  be  seeded  du- 
ring this  month.  It  is  too  late  to  sow  Virginia 
grey  winter  Oits  after  the  15th  of  the  month  with 
the  expectation  of  their  making  a  heavy  crop.  Up  to 
that  time  they  may  be  sown,  but  they  will  not  usually 
make  anything  like  so  great  a  yield  as  when  sown  in 
the  fall  or  in  January  or  February.  The  rustproof 
oat  is  about  the  best  variety  to  sow  after  the  middle  of 
March  in  the  South.  None  of  the  Northern  spring 
oats  are  suitable  for  Southern  cliiaatic  conditions,  as 
the  weather  becomes  too  warm  for  them  before  they 
have  had  time  to  makesnfiacient  root  growth  to  with- 
stand the  heat.  Land  for  the  oat  crop  should  be  deeply 
plowed  and  finely  broken,  and  the  seed  should  be  well 
covered,  so  that  the  roots  may  be  protected  from  the 
heat.  The  oat  is  a  cold  climate  crop.  Most  Southern 
farmers  seed  oats  on  their  poorest;  land,  and  without 
any  fertilizer.  This  is  a  mistake.  "  If  oats  are  worth 
growing  at  all  they  are  worth  better  care  than  this. 
P;obably  in  the  South  their  greatest  value  is  as  a 
forage  or  hay  crop,  as  the  grain  is  not  so  plump  and 
heavy  as  Northern  grown  oats,  and  therefore  not  so 
good  feed  nor  so  valuable  on  the  market.  If  given 
good  land  to  grow  on,  or  they  are  helped  with  250  to 
500  pounds  of  acid  phosphate  to  the  acre,  they  will 
make  a  hay  or  forage  crop  of  value  for  stock-feeding, 
especially  for  cattle,  and  can  be  followed  with  a  cow- 
pea  crop,  to  be  sown  in  June  or  July.  Sow  from  a 
bushel  and  a  half  to  three  bushels  to  the  acre,  accor- 
ding to  the  fertility  of  the  land.    Put  the  heaviest 


1903.] 


THE  SOtTTHBRN  PLANTEB. 


155 


seeding  on  the  poorest  land  and  decresise  the  quantity 
of  seed  as  the  land  is  more  fertile.  Whilst  phosphoric 
acid  has  been  proved  to  be  the  dominant  fertilizer  re 
■quired  in  the  production  of  the  oat  crop,  y*  t  experi 
ence  has  also  proved  that  a  nitrogenous  fertilizer  will 
materially  help  a  weak  growing;crop.  An  application 
of  from  76  to  100  pounds  of  nitrate  of  soda  to  the  acre, 
made  just  when  the  crop  has  fairly  started  to  grow, 
■will  generally  largely  increase  the  yield,  and  especially 
so  of  the  straw,  a  matter  of  great  importance  wheie  the 
crop  is  to  be  used  for  forage  or  hay. 


Grass  and  clover  seed  should  be  sown  this  month 
•where  not  already  seeded  in  the  fall,  which  in  the 
South  is  undoubtedly  the  best  and  most  proper  time 
for  the  crop.  In  our  last  issuei  we  wrote  fully  on  this 
question,  and  to  that  issue  refer  our  readers.  We 
want  again  to  emphasize  the  importance  of  not  seed- 
ing glass  with  a  grain  crop  at  any  time  if  the  best 
stand  of  grass  is  desired,  but  certainly  with  spring 
seeding  nothing  but  grass  and  clover  should  be  sown. 
In  the  earlier  part  of  this  article  we  have  made  a  quo- 
tation from  Mr.  G.  M.  Clark  as  to  the  way  in  which 
he  prepares  his  land  for  seeding  with  grass,  and  there- 
by secures  enormous  crops  of  hay.  We  refer  our 
readers  to  this  and  ask  them  to  follow  the  directions, 
certainly  to  as  great  an  extent  as  time  will  allow. 
Fine  and  perfect  preparation  of  the  land  before  seed- 
ing is  absolutely  essential  to  successful  grass  growing. 
As  a  fertilizer  for  the  crop  Mr.  Clark,  after  long  ex 
perimenting,  finds  that  he  succeeds  best  by  using  all 
his  coirse  farm -yard  manure  for  the  production  of 
corn  and  other  cultivated  crops  where  the  weeds  can 
be  killed  as  they  sprout.  When  seeding  with  grass 
lie  uses  only  commercial  fertilizers  made  from  bone, 
muriate  of  potash  and  nitrate  of  soda.  He  applies 
these  ingredients  to  each  crop  of  grass — that  is  to  say, 
twice  in  each  year,  as  he  makes  two  crops  of  hay  each 
year.  In  the  fall  he  applies  1000  lbs.  of  bone  meal, 
800  lbs.  of  potash,  and  200  lbs.  of  nitrate  of  soda  per 
acre.  In  the  spring  he  applies  one  third  of  each  of 
these  ingredients.  This  app]ies:to  fall  seeding  of  grass. 
If  seeded  in  the  spring  we  would  give  the  heavy  dress- 
ing before  sowing  the  grass  seeds,  and  harrow  in,  and 
then  in  fall,  after  the  hay  has  been  cut,  apply  the 
lighter  dressing  as  a  top-dressing.  Mr.  Clark  sows 
only  timothy  and  red  top  (herds  grass)  16  quarts  of 
each  per  acre.  On  his  very  finely  prepared  land  he 
finds  this  quantity  of  seed  sufficient,  but  on  less  care 
fully  prepared  land  we  would  sow  twice  this  quantity. 
The  poorer  the  preparation  of  the  land  and  the  less 
fertile  the  soil  the  more  seed  should  be  used,  up  to 
three  bushels  to  the  acre.  The  sowing  of  timothy  and 
red  top  alone  presupposes  that  the  Held  seeded  is  only 
to  be  used  for  mowing  for  hay.     If  it  is  desired  also 


to  secure  a  pasture  after  mowing,  say  two  or  three 
years,  then  it  will  be  well  to  sow  also  Orchard  grass, 
Meadow  Fescue,  Perennial  Rye  and  Virginia  Blue 
grass.  Under  grazing,  the  timothy  will  die  out,  whilst 
the  other  grasses  will  tndure.  Be  very  careful  to  sow 
the  seeds  with  regularity.  It  is  well  to  sow  half  one 
way  of  the  field  a  id  the  other  half  across.  Harrow  in 
the  seed  with  a  smoothing  harrow,  running  the  harrow 
both  lengthwise  aud  across,  and  then  roll.  If  after 
the  grass  has  commenced  to  grow  it  looks  yellow,  or  a 
light  green,  apply  75  lbs.  to  100  lbs.  to  the  acre  of 
nitr^tte  of  soda  as  a  top  dressing.  The  quantities  of 
fertilizer  used  will  seem  large  to  Southern  farmers,  but 
it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  they  are  intended  to 
produce  a  heavy  yield  of  hay.  Mr.  Clark  has  made 
over  23,000  lbs.  of  cured  hay  to  the  acre  in  two  crops 
in  one  year.  Our  own  experience  has  convinced  us 
that  it  pays  to  be  liberal  in  the  use  of  bone  meal  before 
seeding  grass,  and  we  would  never  apply  less  than  500 
lbs.  of  this  to  the  acre.  We  believe  that  much  less 
potash  (probably  less  than  onethlrd)  than  Mr.  Clark 
uses  will  be  found  sufficient  in  Virginia,  and  that 
probably  150  lbs.  of  nitrate  of  soda  to  the  acre  in  two 
dressings  will  suffice. 


In  the  cotton  section  land  should  be  broken  and  be 
got  into  fine  condition  for  planting  as  soon  as  it  is  suf- 
ficiently dry  to  work.  The  same  remarks  as  to  the 
importance  of  perfect  preparation  of  the  land  before 
seeding  apply  to  cotton  growing  as  to  other  crops. 
The  yield  of  cotton  per  acre  is,  on  the  average,  less 
than  half  a  bale;  whilst  there  is  no  reason  whatever 
why  at  least  a  bale  to  the  acre  should  not  be  pro- 
duced, and  on  much  of  the  land,  properly  adapted  to 
cotton,  li  bales  can  easily  be  made.  Where  land  wiU 
not,  under  proper  cultivation,  and  with  leasonably 
heavy  fertilization,  make  a  bale  to  the  acre,  it  should 
not  be  planted  in  cotton  until  sufficiently  improved  to 
make  that  quantity.  There  is  not  a  living  profit  in 
making  half  a  bale  to  the  acre  even  at  present  prices. 
The  cause  of  the  failure  to  make  more  than  half  a  bale 
to  the  acre  is  mainly  two  fold— lack  of  fertility  in  the 
land  and  lack  of  preparation  of  the  soil  before  plant- 
ing. The  lack  of  fertility  is  mainly  a  lack  not  so  much 
of  the  mineral  fertilizers  as  of  humus  (vegetable  mat- 
ter) in  the  soil.  No  application  of,  commercial  fertili- 
zers alone,  however  heavy,  will  correct  this.  Vegeta- 
ble matter  must  be  grown,  and  be  put  into  the  soil, 
and  then  even  a  moderate  application  of  fertilizer  will 
produce  a  paying  crop  if  only  that  soil,  when  thus  re- 
inforced with  life  giving  matter,  is  properly  prepared 
before  the  crop  is  planted.  We  would  strongly  urge 
that  only  such  land  as  is  not  altogether  devoid  of  hu- 
mus should  be  planted  in  cotton,  and  that  other  land 
should  be  planted  in  peas  to  prepaie  it  for  cotton  next 


166 


THE  BOUTHBBN  PLAJSTKEL 


[March 


year.  Only  by  following  this  practice  of  growing  ha 
mns  making  crops  aid  turning  them  into  t  e  land  in 
the  late  fall,  or  feeding  part  of  the  crop  to  stock,  and 
applying  the  resulting  manure  to  the  land  and  turn- 
ing down  a  heavy  stubble,  can  the  increased  yield  be 
secured.  Do  not  bed  up  the  land  intended  to  be 
planted  unless  it  is  wet  land  or  liable  to  be  flooded. 
Cotton,  like  corn,  succeeds  best  with  level  culture. 
Plow  an  inch  or  two  deeper  than  was  plowed  last  year, 
and  plow  all  the  land,  not  merely  just  where  the  row 
Is  to  be.  After  plowing,  use  a  good  heavy  drag  har 
row  or  cultivator,  and  work  the  land  both  length 
wise  and  across  until  reduced  to  a  fine  seed  bed. 
The  fertilizer  intended  to  be  given  to  the  crop  should 
be  applied  during  the  harrowing  and  working  of  the 
land,  and  will  thus  become  thoroughly  mixed  with  the 
soil,  and  will  be  much  more  effective  than  if  applied 
just  previous  to  planting  the  seed.  If  less  than  500 
lbs.  to  the  acre  be  applied  it  may  be  put  in  the  row, 
and  should  be  thoroughly  mixtd  with  the  soil  by  run 
ning  a  cultivator  through  it,  but  we  are  on  principle 
sljongly  in  favor  of  broadcast  fertilizing.  Before 
planting  the  seed  freshen  up  the  soil  by  running  a  cul 
tivator  down  the  row.  As  to  the  fertilizer  to  be  used. 
A  series  of  experiments  made  in  South  Carolina  dem 
onstrated  very  positively  that  it  is  an  easy  matter  to 
supply  more  plant  food  than  the  crop  can  utilize  with 
profit.  The  maximum  quantity  of  fertilizer  that  can 
generally  be  used  to  advantage  on  average  land  Is  such 
an  amount  as  will  furnish  50  lbs.  of  phosphoric  acid, 
15  lbs.  of  potash,  and  20  lbs.  of  nitrogen  to  the  acre. 
A  fertilizer  made  of  1,200  lbs.  of  acid  phospJate,  600 
lbs.  of  cotton  seed  meal,  and  200  lbs.  of  kainit  will 
supply  this  need  if  applied  at  the  rate  of  800  lbs.  to  the 
acre.  If  peas  have  been  previously  grown  on  the  land 
as  a  preparation  for  the  crop  and  acid  phosphate  was 
applied  to  them  both  the  acid  phosphate  and  the  cot- 
ton seed  meal  in  the  moisture  may  be  redaced  or  a 
less  quantity  be  applied  per  acre. 


In  laying  out  tie  land  for  crops  see  that  provision 
is  made  for  growing  an  abundance  of  forage  crops, 
such  as  cow  peas,  Soy  beans,  sorghum,  millet  (so  called 
Pencillaria,  which  has  been  much  advertised  and  re- 
commended, is  nothing  more  than  the  old  cat  tail  mil 
let),  and  in  Southern  Virginia  and  the  States  South 
Teocinte.  Do  not  let  the  live  stock  have  to  depend 
for  their  long  feed  next  winter  on  the  blade  and  corn 
fodder  made  in  the  production  of  the  corn  crop. 
Southern  lands  will  never  be  improved  until  more 
stock  feeding  crops  are  produced  and  either  fed  or 
turned  ander. 


Mention  the  Flcmter  to  your  friends. 


"ALL  FLESH  IS  GRASS." 

Editor  Southern  Planter  : 

Improved  stock  must  have  improved  forage — pala- 
table, wholesome,  nutritious  forage,  and  plenty  of  it. 

Until  better  and  cheaper  winter  forage  plants  ar» 
found  than  are  now  in  common  use  in  Alabama,  and 
until  better  summer  pastures  are  provided  than  suclt 
as  our  old  fields  afford,  we  cannot  sell  beef,  butter  and 
pork  in  our  own  markets  in  competition  with  Illinois 
and  Kansas. 

Our  usual  sources  of  winter  forage,  consisting  o^ 
cotton  seed,  blade  fodder  and  corn,  are  well  enough  a» 
far  as  they  go,  but  the  trouble  is  they  do  not  go  far 
enough.  In  truth,  they  furnish  an  altogether  inade- 
quate supply,  and  are  far  too  costly. 

There  is  no  denying  that  a  man  newly  arrived  from 
a  stock  country,  and  viewing  Alabama  from  Norch  ta 
South  through  the  windows  of  a  railroad  car,  would 
not  be  favorably  impressed  by  it  as  a  stock  farming: 
country.  He  would  naturally  ask.  What  is  there  to- 
feed  stock  on »  and  say,  I  see  no  green  pastures — noth- 
ing but  broomsedge  and  coaise  weeds.  Neither  do  I 
see  any  meadows  of  timothy  and  clover;  nor,  indeed, 
anything  to  take  their  places  in  supplying  winter  for- 
age. Very  likely  some  one  would  tell  him  that  "her© 
in  the  sunny  South  cattle  do  not  need  to  be  fei,  or,  at 
least,  but  very  little."  And  maybe  a  diminutive  fod- 
der stack  would  be  pointed  out  as  the  only  provision 
necessary  to  carry  a  dozen  head  of  stock  through  thfr 
balmy  and  beautiful  winter  of  our  Southland. 

Is  it  not  time  that  such  nonsense  was  ended  t  Im- 
proved stock  are  only  improved  machines  for  turninpf 
forage  into  meat  and  butter.  For  "all  flesh  isgrass,"^ 
and  instead  of  giving  stock  only  enough  to  keep  them 
alive,  or  "enough  to  do  'em,"  as  the  saying  is,  they 
ought  to  be  fed  to  the  full  from  the  time  they  are  born 
until  they  are  ready  for  slaughtering. 

It  will  not  do  for  us  to  blindly  copy  the  practices  of 
stock  farmers  in  other  countries.  Our  conditions  dif 
fer  widely  from  theirs  ;  and  let  me  say  right  here  that 
I  fully  believe  our  conditions,  though  difi'erent,  are 
fully  as  favorable  as  those  of  the  farmers  of  Illinois  or 
Kansas.  Our  Alabama  has  just  as  grand  possibilities 
as  the  very  best  of  them.  She  has  wonderful  capaci- 
ties in  the  etock  food  line.  Bat  like  the  iron  and  the 
coal  in  these  mountains  and  valleys,  they  lie  hidden, 
and  it  will  take  ingenuity  and  industry  to  develop 
them. 

We  must  provide  a  bill  of  fare  for  onr  stock  for  each 
and  every  season  here.  No  single  grass,  for  instance, 
will  afford  pastuie  from  spr  ng  to  fall,  as  the  "June 
grass,"  or  Kentucky  blue  grass  of  the  North  does. 
I  find  Bed  top  and  Orchard  grass  the  best  for  spring 
and  fall  pasture.  I  say  "spring  and  fall,"  because 
our  winter  is  too  cold  to  keep  them  in  active  growth^ 


1903. 1 


THE  80UTHBEN  PLANTEB. 


167 


«nd  they  carl  up  to  take  a  summer  siesta  during  our 
hot  season.  Bermuda  has  no  equal  as  a  hot  weather 
grass.  It  is  a  vegetable  salamander,  and  I  am  sure  it 
in  a  mystery  to  me  that  here  in  its  own  home  it  is  not 
more  highly  appreciated.  It  is  time  we  honored  our 
own  prophet ;  for  no  other  grass  known  to  botanists 
presages  so  much  to  the  stockman  of  the  South.  It  is 
my  humble  opinion  that  even  the  "June  grass"  of 
the  North  cannot  compare  as  stock  pasture  with  our 
Bermuda.  It  used  to  be  said  in  Old  Virginia  that 
two  months  on  a  wire  grass  field,  as  Bermuda  was 
called  there,  would  fatten  any  run  down  mule  or  steer. 
Dairymen  in  the  North  have  to  supplement  their  pas 
tares  in  the  heat  and  drought  of  even  their  short  surii 
mers  by  soiling  with  cut  up  corn  or  sorghum.  But 
we  of  the  South  can  do  well  in  our  long  semi  tropical 
summers  if  provided  with  plenty  of  Bermuda. 

For  the  winter  part  of  oar  bill  of  fare  in  stock  food, 
after  experimenting  for  several  years,  I  have  settled 
on  Soy  bean  hay  as  a  staple  general  ration  for  cattle, 
horses  and  hogs.  As  I  find  it,  the  Soy  bejn  is  the 
most  reliable,  the  most  productive,  the  most  palatable 
and,  above  all,  the  most  nutritious  of  all  hay  plants. 
Neither  is  it  very  difficult  to  cure.  It  Is  much  less  so 
than  field  peas,  and  is  in  every  way  a  fine  superior 
plant. 

In  choosing  forage  plants,  preference  ought  to  be 
given  to  legumes,  because  they  are  not  only  rich  in 
protein,  but  yield  well  on  land  poor  In  nitrogen,  pro 
vided  sach  land  can  stock  them  with  the  necessary 
parasitic  microbe,  as  is  now  well  known.  In  other 
^oids,  the  millets,  sorghums,  and  fodder  corn,  must 
have  nitrogen  to  produce  a  heavy  yield,  and  that  be 
ing  the  costliest,  as  well  as  the  most  generally  lacking 
element  in  our  Southern  soils,  the  advantage  of  le- 
gumes will  be  the  more  apparent. 

I  have  experimented  with  sand  vetch  and  am  great 
ly  pleased  with  It.  I  am  gradually  extending  the  area 
of  it  on  my  farm.  This  takes  time,  as  unless  the  soil 
be  Inoculated  naturally  or  artificially.  It  Is  not  worth 
while  to  sow  it  on  common  land  expecting  to  obtain 
either  hay,  pasture  or  seed.  Notwithstanding  the 
drought  of  last  summer,  it  grew  waist  high  for  me, 
and  I  threshed  out  several  bushels  of  seed  far  superior 
in  vitality  to  such  as  I  could  buy.  As  my  soil  Is  heavy 
and  moist,  a  winter  pasture  Is  not  of  much  value,  but 
in  dryer  and  warmer  soils  than  mine,  sand  vetch  can 
be  of  great  service  in  helping  out  the  winter  ration. 
Doubtless  It  may  be  a  substitute  for  orchard  grass  and 
red  top  In  soils  and  situations  too  dry  and  warm  for 
them,  and  thus  provide  stock  food  in  the  Interval  be 
tween  hot  and  cold  weather,  as  those  grasses  do  for 
me.  For  such  a  purpose,  I  know  no  plant  to  compare 
"with  sand  vetch.  But  our  old  friend  rye  must  not  be 
forgotten.    The  stockman  will  always  find  it  a  valua 


ble  assistant  In  time  of  need.  It  does  not  gather  ni- 
trogen from  the  atmosphere,  but  it  gathers  It  from  the 
soil,  where  it  otherwise  would  be  leached  out  by  the 
winter's  rain  (which  Is  often  of  just  as  much  Impor- 
tance), and  then  turns  it  over  to  us  just  when  we  most 
need  it  In  the  shape  of  green  succulent  cattle  food  in 
the  early  spring. 

I  have  tried  Essex  rape ;  it  has  done  well ;  but  to 
my  mind  It  has  no  advantage  over  rye.  I  have  also 
tried  Crimson  clover.  On  damp,  but  not  wet  land  it 
does  fairly  well.  But  it  is  far  less  reliable  than  sand 
vetch,  which,  while  It  stands  cold  as  well  as  rye,  also 
stands  heat  as  well  as  corn.  Seed  of  sand  vetch 
plowed  under  (where  It  had  shattered)  in  early  July 
never  came  up  until  the  following  September.  Then 
every  grain  sprouted,  seemlrgly.  Better  still,  where 
there  was  any  moisture  It  sprouted,  and  withstood  the 
terrible  drought  of  last  July  and  August  unharmed, 
and  now  carpets  the  ground  all  over.  With  such  a 
plant  as  that,  together  with  Soy  beans  and  Bermuda, 
there  need  be  no  excuse  for  hungry  stock  In  Alabama. 
All  the  work  In  making  and  saving  them  can  be  done 
by  machinery,  while  blade  fodder,  corn  and  cotton 
seed  are  gathered  by  costly  and  slow  hand  labor. 

Moseley,  Ala.  Joshua  Feanklin. 

The  advice  given  In  the  above  article  Is  equally  as 
adapted  to  Virginia  and  North  and  South  Carolina 
as  to  Alabama. — Ed. 


HIGH  CULTURE,  OR  THE  INTENSIVE  SYSTEH, 
AS  APPLIED  TO  THE  CULTURE  OF  CORN, 

Editor  Southern  Planter  : 

There  must  be  something  radically  wrong  in  the 
present  system  of  fertilization  for  corn;  or  possibly  the 
"wrong"  may  be  In  the  composition  of  the  fertilizer 
itself,  as  usually  compounded  for  this  crop.  I  think 
it  is  both.  Why  so !  Because  it  is  so  common  for 
one  to  read  in  experiment  station  bulletins  and  in  the 
writings  of  some  editors  of  farm  papers,  that  "chem- 
ical or  commercial  fertilizers  are  not  profitable  when 
applied  to  this  crop;  that  the  increase  obtained  by 
their  use  will  not  repay  the  actual  cost  of  fertilizer 
employed." 

I  suppose  this  is  somewhat  dependent  upon  the 
value  (market  price)  of  the  crop  when  gathered. 
Throughout  the  entire  South,  it  would  not  be  going 
too  far  were  I  to  say  that  there  is  never  a  single  sea 
son  passes  when  corn  falls  to  sell  as  high  as  50  cents 
per  bashel,  and  oftener  at  75  cents  and  $1  per  bushel. 

I  have  oftentimes  stated  the  fact,  and  now  reiterate 
It,  that  chemical  fertilizers  get  in  their  best  work 
(that  is,  do  the  most  good,  give  best  results,  and  prove 
most  profitable)  in  correatinj;  known  deficiencies  in 
the  soil.     Used  Intelligently,  and  with  this  specific 


158 


THE  80UTHEEN  PLAIITEB. 


[March 


object  in  view,  their  liberal  use  cannot  fail  to  be  both 
beneficial  and  profitable.  If  the  so  called  "  com 
plete"  fertilizers  fail  to  give  a  profit,  why  use  a  com- 
plete fertili7er  at  allt  It  is  entirely  nnneceeeary  for 
us  to  purchase  the  more  costly  nitrogen  when  we  can 
raise  our  own  needed  supply  in  the  field,  right  wheie 
we  want  it,  and  without  the  trouble  and  expense  of 
hauling  or  distributing  it,  by  means  of  the  cow  pea, 
clover  or  vetch.  This  is  essential  t  j  good  farming, 
to  intensive  and  profitable  farming,  let  the  main  reli- 
ance as  a  cash  or  money  crop  be  what  it  may. 

Corn  needs  an  abundance  of  both  nitrogen  and  pot 
ash,  and  where  these  are  lacking,  or  deficient,  a  large 
or  remunerative  yield  of  corn  cannot  be  obtained. 
With  a  clover  sod  or  cow  pea  stubble,  or  indeed  any 
other  good  sod  to  turn  under,  for  the  purpose  of  fur 
Dishing  humus,  retaining  moisture,  and  also  of  fur 
nishing  the  netded  supply  of  nitrogen,  but  little  if 
any  more  nitrogen  will  be  needed  than  these  will  fur 
nish,  but  where  said  humus  is  deficient,  stable  or  lot 
manure  becomes  an  actual  necessity  in  order  that  best 
results  may  be  attained.  For  l)e8t  results,  said  stable 
manure  should  be  reinforce  1  by  both  phosphoric  a;id 
and  potash.  It  is  to  be  supposed  that  both  clover  and 
cow  peas  were  fertilized  with  these  substances  previ 
ous  to  planting,  as  no  really  luxuriant  growth  of  either 
can  be  obtained  where  these  are  deficient,  and  amount 
of  nitrogen  abstracted  from  the  atmosphere  is  of  course 
entirely  dependent  on  paucity  or  luxuriance  of  growth 
of  the  manurial  crop. 

In  the  absence  of  a  clover  sod  or  cow  pea  stubble, 
instead  of  depending  upon  a  paltry  200  pounds  of  a 
low  grade  (8-2-2)  fertilizer,  from  800  to  1  000  pounds 
of  a  fertilizer  containing  2  per  cent,  nitrogen,  7  per 
cent,  potash,  and  6  per  cent,  available  phosphoric  acid 
should  be  applied  per  acre.  This  should  be  applied 
broadcast  previous  to  breaking  ;  the  ground  immedi 
ately  broken  deeply  with  two  horse  plow ;  then 
broQght  in?o  fine  tilth  by  a  free  use  of  the  harrow. 

I  have  found  the  ordinary  high  grade  "vegetable 
grower,"  ready  mixed  goods,  applied  at  rate  of  500  to 
600  pounds  per  acre  on  our  rich  bottom  lands,  to  be 
pre-eminently  fatisfactory,  obtaining  a  yield  of  120 
bushels  per  acre  thereby. 

The  brat  ch,  creek  or  river  bottoms  are  undoubted 
edly  the  best  corn  lands  we  bave  in  the  South.  As 
they  ara  more  or  less  subject  to  overflow,  they  should 
not  be  broken  until  spring.  I  have  found  May  the 
month  for  breaking  these  lands,  and  also  the  month 
for  planting  on  thete  lands  for  maximum  crop.  There 
is  quite  a  large  amount  of  native  fertility  in  our  allu 
vials  that  deep  preparation  and  intensive  culture  will 
brirgtut ;  but  wLeie  nraximum  jields  aredesired,  not 
only  mmt  the  culture  be  intensive  enough  to  make  the 
largest  possible  quantity  of  this  native  fertility  avail 


able;  not  only  should  chemical  fertilizers  be  used  to 
the  extent  of  correcting  any  excess,  or  making  good 
known  deficiencies  in  the  soil,  but  when  all  this  ha» 
been  done,  and  not  before,  then  the  use  of  these  same 
chemical  fertilizers  may  be  satisfactorily  and  profita- 
bly used  ia  feeding  the  crop.  Maximum  crop  yield» 
actually  demands  the  presence  in  the  soil  of  an  ac- 
tual excess  of  pUnt  food,  in  an  easily  available  form^ 
over  and  a'love  any  and  all  demands  that  the  growing 
crop  can  possibly  make  upon  it.  Do  not  be  afraid 
that  if,  from  any  cause  beyond  your  control,  yon  fail 
to  get  the  full  benefit  of  the  manures  applied  the  same 
season  in  which  the  application  has  been  made,  that 
they  are  irretrievably  lost,  lor  they  are  not,  but  will 
give  evidence  of  their  presence  in  the  way  of  increased 
crops  for  at  least  the  next  five  years  to  come. 

Above  objection  might  hold  good  with  a  renter  or 
share  worker,  bat  not  with  a  land  owner.  Take  the 
crop  yield  (255  bushels  of  corn  per  acre)  of  Zechariah 
Drake,  for  instance  :  J50  worth  of  stable  manure  and 
$69  worth  of  commercial  fertilizers  were  applied  to 
the  single  acre.  Four  years  afterwards,  in  a  personal 
interview  with  Mr.  Drake,  I  was  assured  by  that  gen- 
tleman that  "the  jield  of  oats  the  succeeding  season 
on  that  acre  was  150  bushels ;  and  that  it  had  not 
jielded  less  than  two  bales  of  cotton  any  jear  since  ^ 
and  that  without  the  addition  of  fertilizing  agents  of 
any  kind. 

Mr.  Alfred  Ro9e,  of  Penn  Tan,  N.  Y.,  succeeded  In 
obtaining  a  yield  of  213  bushels  per  acre  with  but  800 
pounds  of  a  high  grade  corn  fertilizer,  and  costing  but 
$17,50,  but  the  land  of  Mr.  Eose  was  extra  good,  while 
that  of  Mr.  Drake  had  previously  been  so  desperately 
poor  as  to  yield  but  five  bushels  of  corn  per  acre,  and 
had  enjoyed  the  rather  undesirable  cognomen  of  '  'star- 
vation's empire." 

After  Mr.  Drake's  experience,  it  would  seem  that  it 
is  needless  to  get  out  of  heart  with  any  ground  simply 
on  account  of  its  poverty.  I  have  myself  seen  and 
walked  over  this  premium  acre,  and  have  no  hesita 
tion  in  saying  that  I  have  never  been  in  a  single  State 
in  this  Union,  nor  even  a  single  county  of  any  of  the 
States,  but  that  I  there  found  land  that  was  naturally 
superior  to  this  prize  acre.  Truly:  "There  is  more 
in  the  man  than  there  is  in  the  land." 

Burgess,  Miss.  G.  H.  TUENEB. 


Wood  Ashes  and  Fertilizer. 

Is  it  proper  to  mix  wood  ashes  and  commercial  fer- 
tilizer together!  SUBSCEIBEE. 

Dinw'tddie  Co.,  Ya. 

It  is  better  always  to  apply  the  ashes  alone  first  and 
work  in,  and  then  the  fertilizer  later.  Ashei  have  & 
tendency  to  set  free  the  ammonia  in  the  fertilizer. — 
Ed. 


1903.] 


IHB  SOUTHEEJSl  PLAJsTTElt. 


159 


A  QREEN  CROP  ALL  SUHMER— CORN  AND 
COW-PEAS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter  : 

If  corn  be  planted  in  drills  7  feet  apart  as  early  in 
the  season  as  a  good  stand  can  be  procured  (for  this 
climate  about  the  first  of  April)  and  from  six  weeks 
to  two  months  thereafter  cow  peas  be  drilled  midwaj 
between  the  corn  rows  and  both  well  cultivated  until 
the  peas  become  too  large  to  work,  a  fall  crop  of  corn 
and  very  nearly  a  full  crop  of  peas  can  be  grown. 

The  following  is  an  extract  from  Bulletin  No.  70,  is 
sued  in  1901  by  the  Arkansas  Agricultural  irxperi 
ment  Station  :  "  The  value  of  two  successive  crops  of 
corn  without  cow  peas  sown  in  them  was  $21.10,  while 
the  value  of  tte  two  successive  crops  of  corn,  plus  the 
value  of  a  crop  of  cow  peas  sown  in  the  first  crop,  was 
$33.54." 

Here  is  an  increase  on  the  aggregate  value  of  both 
corn  crops  of  (54  per  cent.,  to  say  nothing  of  the  im 
provement  of  the  land  that  resulted  from  growing  the 
peas,  and  if  peas  had  been  grown  in  connection  witi 
the  second  crop  of  corn,  the  percentage  of  gain  would 
don  >t less  have  been  mueh  greater. 

The  question  here  arises,  "  Is  it  better  to  plant  the 
corn  in  ordinary  drills — say  4  to  5  feet  apart — and  sow 
the  peas  broadcast  at  the  last  workin^.^  of  the  corn,  or 
plant  the  corn  and  peas  in  alternate  drills,  as  afore 
said  r ' 

Prof.  Massey  expresses  himself  in  The  Southern  Planter 
of  June,  1901,  relative  to  drills  as  follows  : 

"  I  am  putting  all  my  peas  in  rows  this  year  and  am 
rapidly  coming  to  the  conclusion  that  this  is  the  best 
plan  as  a  rule."  He  sajs  nothing  here  nor  do  I  find 
an  expression  from  him  anywhere  else,  relative  to 
growing  corn  and  cow  peas  in  connection. 

When  peas  are  planted  alone,  the  drills,  for  forage 
or  improvement  purposes,  may  be  3  to  3*  feet  apart. 
For  bearing  purposes  they  may  be  3  to  6  feet  apart, 
according  to  the  kind  of  pea  grown.  In  either  case 
they  should  be  well  cultivated  until  the  vines  become 
too  lirge. 

Drills,  in  connection  with  corn,  are  preferable  for 
several  reasons :  First.  A  saviug  of  at  least  three 
fourths  of  the  seed  necessary  for  broadcastiag  can  be 
effected.  An  actual  test  has  shown  that  12  pounds  of 
seed  per  acre  in  drills  will  produce  a  larger  quanlity 
of  forage  or  shelled  peas  than  a  larger  qu-»ntity,  say 
18  pounds,  will,  and  it  is  believed  will  also  produce  a 
larger  quantity  than  one  bushel  broadcasted.  Second, 
Fertilizer  applied  to  peas  in  drills,  in  connection  with 
proper  cultivation,  will  act  far  better  than  it  will  with 
peas  that  are  broadcasted  without  cultivation. 

When  corn  i'S  planted,  especially  in  the  Southern 
States,  where  the  season  is  long,  provision  should  in- 


variably be  made  for  cow  peas  by  adopting  the  wide 
row  sjstem. 

A  deep,  loose  bed  of  proper  width  should  be  pro- 
vided for  the  corn  by  running  a  suitable  narrow  plow 
several  times  in  the  drills.  A  good  dressing  of  stable 
manure  may  then  be  applied  in  the  drills  to  which 
may  be  added  30  pounds  of  muriate  of  potash  and  50 
pounds  of  acid  phosphate  for  each  ton  of  stable  ma- 
nure, which  will  correct  the  excels  of  nitrogen  in  the 
manure ;  then  mix  well  with  the  soil  before  planting. 
A  sufiaciency  of  corn  should  be  used  to  procure  a  stand 
at  one  planting.  When  thinned,  single  stalks  may  be 
left  in  the  drills  10  to  12  inches  apart.  This  close  dis- 
tance, however,  implies  proper  fertilizing  and  thor- 
ough cultivation. 

Last  summer  I  had  corn  in  7  feet  drills  8J  inches 
apart,  with  rows  of  peas  between,  tliat  eared  well. 
With  12  inches  distance,  100  ears  to  the  bushel,  an 
acre  should  produ  e  62  bushels  of  corn,  and  with  10 
inches  distance  74  bushels. 

The  corn  should  receive  one  or  more  deep  cultiva- 
tions, provided  that  the  roots  are  not  materially 
broken.  A  belt  of  proper  width  midway  between  the 
corn  rows  may  be  plowed  deep  with  some  suitable  nar- 
row plow  up  to  the  time  the  peas  are  planted. 

Fektilizee  foe  Peas. 

Mix  1600  pounds  of  acid  phosphate  with  400  pounds 
of  muriate  of  potash  to  make  a  ton.  This  mixture  will 
contain  lO  per  cent,  each  of  p(  tash  an  1  phosphoric 
acid.  Apply  600  pounds  per  acre  on  a  belt  about  a 
foor  broad  midway  between  the  corn  rows  and  mix 
with  the  soil,  preferably  a  few  weeks  before  seeding. 
*  From  30  to  40  pounds  of  nitrate  of  soda  per  acre 
may  be  added  ;  it  will  give  the  young  plants  a  good 
send  off. 

Id  order  to  utilize  the  wide  spaces,  it  will  be  neces- 
sary to  plant  a  rank  grower.  The  Red  Ripper,  Won- 
derful and  Clay  peas,  in  the  order  named,  appear  to 
be  among  the  rankest  growers.  The  past  setison  I 
grew  the  Wonderful  with  excellent  results.  With 
single  stalks,  3  feet  apart  in  the  drill,  they  covered 
the  ground  to  a  sufficient  extent  to  completely  smother 
the  crab  grass,  and  also  climbed  the  corn  stalks  to  a 
iocsiderable  extent.  They  appeared  to  yield  better 
th»n  those  in  adjicent  rows  of  half  the  distancp,  and 
if  4  feet  distance  had  been  given,  I  believe  that  they 
would  have  yielded  still  better ;  they  were  well  fer- 
tilized. These  peas  for  bearing  purposes  are  usually 
left  much  too  thick.  Six  to  eight  quarts  per  acre  in 
7  feet  drills  will  be  ample  for  forage  or  improvement 
purposes,  while  for  bearing  a  far  less  quantity  will  be 
needed.  Pant  about  the  15th  of  May.  From 
20,000  to  35,000  pounds  of  green  pea  vines  can  easily 
be  grown  per  acre.     The  smaller  quantity,  20,000 


160 


iHJfi  BUCTHBKi!J    PL.A_NTKii. 


[March 


poands,  will  draw  from  the  air  and  store  in  the  vines 
about  $15  00  worth  of  nitrogen.  When  the  vines  are 
turned  down,  after  maturity,  eaid  nitrogen  will  be 
utilized  by  the  next  crop. 

Cow  pea  hay  is  far  too  rich  in  protein  to  be  eco 
nomically  fed  alone.  Cooeequently  it  should  be  mixed 
with  timothy  or  some  similar  hay  in  equal  parts,  or 
the  timothy  may  be  mixed  with  the  pea  vines  in  the 
proportion  of  7  to  6. 

Shredded  corn  fodder  (the  entire  plant,  less  the  ears 
of  corn,)  may  be  used  in  lieu  of  the  timothy. 

Carthage,  N.  C.  Beyan  Tyson. 


GRASSES  AND  LIVE  STOCK  HUSBANDRY- 
BERMUDA  GRASS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter  : 

The  interest  manifested  by  Southern  farmers  in 
questions  relating  to  grasses  and  live  stock  farming  is 
indeed  very  gratifying.  There  i3  no  question  that  live 
stock  farming,  when  properly  conducted,  is  profita 
able,  and  will  enable  the  farmer  to  improve  the  fertil- 
ity of  his  soil.  I  have  recently  had  occasion  to  study 
the  amount  of  commercial  fertilizers  used  in  the  vari 
ous  States  of  the  Union,  and  find  thit  in  the  great 
live  stock  growing  sections  of  the  country  the  soil  is 
richer  now  than  it  was  twenty  years  a^o,  while  com 
mercial  fertilizers  are  prac  ically  unknown  to  the  gen 
eral  farmer.  On  the  other  hand,  in  those  parts  of  the 
country  where  live  stock  are  not  an  important  feature 
of  farming,  the  soil  is  for  the  most  part  in  a  sadly  de 
pleted  condition  and  the  commercial  fertilizer  bill 
amounts  to  5  to  10  per  cent,  of  the  total  value  of  'h6 
crops  produced.  The  correspondence  of  this  oflBce  in 
dicates  that  the  farmers  of  the  South  are  thoroughly 
interested  in  live  stock  farming,  but,  like  all  conserv 
ative  men,  they  wish  to  learn  all  they  can  about  the 
subject  before  making  any  radical  changes  in  their 
system  of  farmirg.  For  many  years  past  the  writer 
has  taken  every  opportunity  to  visit  successful  farm- 
ers wherever  they  might  be  found  and  to  learn  as 
much  as  possible  concerning  their  methods,  and  he  is 
convinced  that  more  valuable  information  can  be  ac 
quired  in  this  manner  than  in  any  other.  It  is  a  cus 
tom  in  this  ofBce,  when  we  learn  of  a  successful  farmer 
whom  we  cannot  visit,  to  secure  as  much  information 
from  him  as  possible  by  correspondence  and  to  use 
this  information  for  the  benefit  of  other  farmers. 

Fiom  what  we  have  learned  in  this  way  concerning 
results  that  have  been  achieved  in  the  Southern  States, 
there  seems  no  question  that,  on  the  better  class  of 
soils,  Bermuda  is  the  best  pasture  grass  so  far  availa 
ble.  It  also  seems  that  in  many  places  burr  clover  and 
hairy  vetch  may  be  established  on  Bermuda  sod,  both 
of  which  furnish  valuable  green  feed  during  the  win 


ter.  Occasionally  we  meet  a  farmer  who  is  afraid  of 
Bermuda  because  it  is  somewhat  difiBcult  to  eradiaate. 
Personally,  the  writer  believes  that  this  fear  is  not 
fully  justified.  It  is  true  that  Bermuda  Is  tenacious 
of  life,  and  this  is  one  reason  why  it  is  so  valuable; 
but  it  is  not  difiBcult  to  eradicate  if  one  will  take  the 
trouble  to  perform  the  necessary  labor.  In  many 
places  it  can  easily  be  eradicated  by  growing  a  crop  of 
wicter  grain,  preferably  oata,  sown  very  thick,  cutting 
this  for  hay  and  following  with  a  thickly  sown  crop  of 
peas.  Two  season's  cropping  of  thi^  kind  has  com- 
pletely eradicated  Bermuda  in  several  cases  with 
which  the  writer  is  familiar.  Fortunately,  this 
method  of  treatment  is  not  expensive,  and  yields  two 
good  crops  a  year. 

Occasionally  the  assertion  is  made  that  stock  do  not 
do  well  on  Bermuda  pasture  in  the  summer.  I  have  be 
fore  me  a  letter  from  Mr.  J.  D.  Herring,  of  West  Car- 
roll Parish,  Louisiana,  an  extensive  cattle  grower,  in 
which  there  is  some  valuable  information  on  this 
point.     He  says : 

"I  had  enclosed  a  pasture  containing  140  acres, 
about  100  acies  were  set  to  Bermuda  and  40  acres 
woodland;  upon  this  I  put  100  head  of  two  year  old 
cattle  about;  the  first  of  April.  These  cattle  had  been 
used  to  a  large  range.  Up  to  the  1st  to  15th  of  July 
they  did  well.  After  that  date  they  began  to  fall  off 
and  look  bad.  About  September  Ist  I  took  them  off 
the  pasture  and  put  them  in  the  cane  brakes  for  the 
winter.  I  think  they  were  much  stunted  in  their 
growth  by  keeping  them  on  the  pasture  the  last  two 
months.  The  Bermuda  becomes  hard  and  woody  in 
the  late  summer,  and  I  don't  like  it  for  pasture  after 
July  15th  unkss  there  is  much  rain  to  keep  it  ,•  row 
ing.  I  had  uome  10  to  12  milk  cows  on  a  i  asture  last 
summer  that  contained  15  acres  Bermuda  and  40 
acres  woodland,  and  they  did  very  well  all  summer. 
I  advise  all  farmers  to  have  a  Bermuda  pasture.  It 
makes  good  hay,  and  cattle  will  do  well  on  Bermuda 
hay  all  winter;  besides,  it  is  a  good  hog  pasture.  I 
think  it  feasible  to  pasture  cattle  on  Bermuda  during 
the  spring  and  summer  and  winter  them  on  alfalfa, 
cow  pea  or  Bermuda  hay,  and  finish  them  for  the  mar 
ket  on  cotton  seed  meal  and  hulls.  I  think  the  bad 
effect  of  Bermuda  in  late  summer  c^uld  be  overcome 
by  mowing  the  pasture  before  the  Bermuda  goes  to 
seed." 

I  wish  particularly  to  call  attention  to  the  recom- 
mendation made  by  Mr.  Herring  that  in  order  to  pre 
vent  Bermuda  from  becoming  hard  and  wiry,  it  should 
be  mowed  so  that  slock  may  have  the  benefit  of  the 
fresh  growth  that  follows  the  mowing.  Where  it  is 
practicable  to  do  so,  it  is  probable  that  there  would 
be  an  advantage  in  dividing  the  pasture  Into  three  or 
four  fields,  so  that  stock  might  .•  raze  one  of  them 
close  and  then  be  turned  into  another.  If  the  grass 
got  too  wiry  before  the  stock  had  gotten  over  all  of 
the  pasture,  the  part  not  yet  grazed  might  be  cut  for 
hay.     In  this  way  it  ought  to  be  possible,  at  least  In 


1903.] 


THE  80IJTHEEN  PLANTER. 


161 


aeasons  of  sufficient  rainfall,  to  provide  stock  with 
fresh  Bermada  pasture  daring  most  of  the  summer. 
W.  J.  Bpillman,  Agrostologist. 
TJ.  8.  Department  of  Agriculture. 


THE  DIFFERENCE  IN  RESULTS  FROM  USING 
A  BALANCED  AND  AN  UNBALANCED  FER- 
TILIZER 

Editor  Southern  Planter : 

The  following  is  the  result  of  a  recent  test  with 
■corn  : 

Plot  1— No  fertiliser. 

Plot  2 — An  unbalanced  fertilizer  applied  in  the 
drill  at  the  rate  of  450  lbs.  per  acre  and  well  mixed 
with  the  soil. 

Plot  3 — The  same  quantity  (450  lbs.)  of  the  unbal- 
anced fertilizer  after  suitable  materials  had  been  added 
to  properly  balance  it. 

The  fertilizer  for  plot  2  contained,  as  per  analysis, 
ammonia  2  per  cent,  (equivalent  to  one  and  eleven 
seventeenths  per  cent,  of  nitrogen),  phosphoric  acid 
S  per  cent.,  and  potash  1  per  cent. 

The  fertilizer  for  plot  3  was  properly  balanced  for 
corn  by  adding  to  eafh  sack  of  200  lbs.  of  the  unbal 
anced  fertilizer,  or,  at  that  rate,  nitrate  of  soda  6  lbs. 
and  muriate  of  potash  30  lbs.  (120  Iba  of  kainit  in 
lieu  of  the  muriate  of  potash  could  have  been  used). 
Said  additions  changed  the  2  per  cent,  of  ammonia  to 
2  per  cent,  of  nitrogen,  and  the  1  per  cent,  of  potash 
to  7  per  cent,  of  potash.  The  new  fertilizer  then  con- 
taioed  nitrogen  2  per  cent.,  phosphoric  acid  8  per 
cent.,  and  potash  7  per  cent.,  which  is  a  faiily  well 
balanced  fertiliser  for  corn.  There  was  still  an  excess 
of  from  1  to  2  per  cent,  of  phosphoric  acid,  but  it  did 
not  hurt  anything.  It  would,  however,  be  better  to 
avoid  all  this  trouble  by  compounding  properly  at  the 
start. 

The  three  plots  received  the  same  treatment,  being 
fairly  good. 

Plot  1  made  little  growth,  the  soil  being  poor. 

Plot  2  largely  exceeded  the  growth  of  plot  1. 

Plot  3  largely  exceeded  plot  2,  producing  more  than 
double  the  corn. 

The  fertilizer  used  on  plot  2  was  manufactured  at 
Wilmington,  N.  C,  and  is  largely  used  in  this  State 
for  corn,  cotton  and  other  crops. 

The  six  Southern  States  east  of  the  Mississippi, 
commencing  with  Alabama,  use  annually  about  one 
million  fi^^e  hundred  thousand  tons  of  commercial  ff  r 
tllizers,  which,  at  $20  per  ton,  amounts  to  $30,000,000. 

It  is  now  safe  to  say  that  by  reason  of  a  large  pro- 
portion of  said  fertilizers  not  being  properly  balanced 
for  the  crops  to  which  they  are  applied  the  farmers 
frequently  sustain  a  loss  of  at  least  one  half  of  the 
money  invested. 


Cotton  requires  a  fertilizer  containing  nitrogen  3 
percent.,  phosphoric  acid  8  percent.,  and  potash  3 
per  cent.  (4  per  cent,  on  lighter  soil).  If  a  fertilizer 
is  properly  compounded  far  corn,  it  is  not  suitable  for 
cotton,  nor  is  a  fertilizer  that  is  suitable  for  cotton 
suitable  for  corn.  Hence,  the  necessity  for  farmers  to 
procure  the  necessary  fertilizer  materials  and  do  their 
own  mixing.  A  saving  of  25  and  more  per  cent,  can 
frequently  be  effected  and  a  better  fertilizer  produced 
than  the  ready  mixed  goods. 

There  is  not  a  known  crop  grown  that  does  not  re- 
quire in  the  fertilizer  more  than  1  per  cent,  of  potash, 
yet  manj  fertilizer  brands  are  on  the  market  having  1 
per  cent,  and  even  less. 

I  would,  however,  emphasize  the  fact  that  good  re- 
sults cannot  be  procured  for  a  series  of  years,  say  five 
to  ten,  by  the  application  of  commercial  fertilizers 
alone,  no  humus  in  the  meantime  being  pioduced.  In 
this  case,  the  soil  may  even  become  poorer,  however 
abundant  the  applications  of  a  well  balanced  fertilizer 
maj  have  been.  Therefore,  the  rotation  should  be 
such  that  an  occasional  legume  crop,  such  as  clover  or 
cow  peas,  will  be  grown  and  turned  down  at  maturi- 
ty. Said  plants  will  draw  the  needed  nitrogen  from 
the  air,  and  the  rotted  vegetable  matter  will  properly 
increase  the  supply  of  humus. 

The  ranker  the  growth  the  larger  will  be  the  sup- 
ply of  available  nitrogen  and  humus,  hence  it  usually 
pays  well  to  fertilize  liberally. 

If  the  soil  is  deficient  in  the  mineral  elements  of 
fertilit7  (phosphoric  acid  and  potash),  they  should  be 
applied  direct ;  they  cannot  be  drawn  from  the  air. 
For  cow  peas,  the  following  materials  for  an  acre  may 
be  mixed,  applied  in  3i  feet  drills  and  well  mixed 
with  the  soil,  preferably  a  few  weeks  before  seeding. 
Acid  phosphate,  285  lbs.  and  muriate  of  potash  75 
lbs.;  300  lbs.  of  kainit  may  be  used  in  lieu  of  the  mu- 
riate of  potash. 

For  clover,  add  10  lbs.  of  muriate  of  potash  or  40 
lbs.  of  kainit  to  the  above. 

The  above  dose  can  be  advantageously  doubled.  I 
have  used  for  cow  peas  in  drills  1,200  lbs.  per  acre  of 
a  fertilizer,  substintially  the  same  as  the  above,  with 
the  best  of  results.  In  this  case  the  fertilizer  was  ap- 
plied in  a  furrow  on  either  side  of  the  young  plants 
soon  after  they  came  up.  When  planted  in  drills  and 
cultivated,  one  peck  of  seed  per  acre  will  be  ample 
for  forage  or  improvement  purposes,  thus  affecting  a 
saving  of  three  fourths  of  the  seed  usually  required 
for  broadcasting. 

If  from  30  to  50  lbs.  of  nitrate  of  soda  be  added  to 
the  fertilizer,  it  wi!l  give  the  young  plants  a  good 
send  off. 

Moore  Co.,  N.  C.  Beyan  Tyson. 

Whilst  the  mentioned  proportions  of  the  different 


162 


THE  SOUTHBEN  PLANTBB. 


(lh,(li 


ingredients  of  the  fertilizer  used  fairly  represent  the 
needed  requirements  of  the  crops,  yet  experience  has 
shown  that  more  or  les»s  of  these  ingredients  may  be 
needed  to  secure  the  best  resnUs,  from  the  fact  that 
lands  vary  so  much  in  their  different  content  of  fer 
tilising  material  present  naturally,  and  also  in  the 
availability  of  that  present.  E^pecially  is  this  the 
ca^e  with  the  potash  in  this  State.  Even  in  Eastern 
Virginia,  the  light  sandy  lands,  usually  largely  dtfi 
cleat  in  potash,  have  been  found  not  to  respond  prof 
itably  to  large  applications  of  that  mineral.  In  the 
Western  and  Central  parU  of  the  State,  potash  is  usu- 
ally present  naturally  in  sufficient  supply  for  all  crops 
except  tobacco.  Nothing  but  actual  tests  with  the 
land  can  determine  exactly  what  is  the  proper  qaan 
tity  to  supply.  The  great  need  of  all  lands  In  the  South 
is  vegetable  matter.  If  this  be  supplied,  then  the 
needs  in  other  respects  can  be  easily  ascertained. 
This  vegetable  matter  will  largely  make  available  the 
natural  supplies  of  mineral  plant  food  in  the  soil,  and 
thus  render  unnecessary  heavy  applications  of  mine 
ral  food. — Ed. 


ITALIAN  RYE  QRASS. 


nV  EXPERIENCE  WITH  ARTICHOKES. 

Having  read  a  good  deal  in  The  Southern  Plantar  and 
other  agricultural  journals  about  the  value  and  health 
fulness  of  artichokes  for  hogs,  I  concluded  to  make  a 
trial  of  them,  hoping  to  raise  pork  at  a  minimum  cost. 
I  bought  seed  and  planted  at  least  an  acre,  got  a  good 
stand,  and  cultivated  well,  and  they  made  a  heavy 
yield.  I  turned  the  hogs  into  them  about  the  20th  of 
October,  expecting  to  see  them  go  for  the  tubers  with 
Toracious  appetites,  but  to  my  surprise  and  disgust 
they  would  not  rooc  for  them  nor  eat  them  when  pull 
ed  out  of  the  ground  I  did  not  feed  them  anything 
else  for  several  days,  but  they  all  seemed  to  have  made 
up  their  minds  to  starve  rather  than  eat  artichokes. 
I  then  fed  on  coj  n  till  1st  of  November. 

I  then  put  them  In  a  floored  pen,  feeding  them  only 
new  corn  for  ten  or  twelve  days.  Thinking  they  would 
then  enjoy  a  change  of  diet,  I  again  gave  the  artichokes 
to  them.  They  rooted  them  around  and  turned  up  their 
noses  and  seemed  to  be  as  much  disgusted  as  myself 
80  I  am  done  with  the  artichoke. 

Mecklenburg  Co.,  Va.  W.  EueSELL 

This  is  the  first  time  in  our  long  experience  that  we 
have  ever  had  a  c  jmplaint  that  hogs  would  not  eat  ar 
tichokes.  These  hogs  must  have  been  very  fastidious 
animals.  We  think  we  c^uld  have  got  them  to  eating 
them.  If  a  few  of  the  tubers  had  been  sliced  up  and 
put  in  a  trough  or  on  a  floor  an  i  a  handful  of  meal 
spread  over  them  we  believe  the  hogs  would  at  once 
have  taken  to  them.  We  know  many  people  whoited 
them  every  year  and  make  cheap  and  good  pork  on 
them.  Try  them  again  friend,  and  just  tempt  the  hogs 
to  taste  them.  They  will  find  them  good  eating  and 
will  not  fail  to  take  to  them.  These  fastidious  appe- 
tites require  to  be  brought  down. — Ed. 


Editor  Southern  Planter : 

This  is  said  to  have  been  the  firs!  grass  cultivat«d 
sep-irately  f<  r  agricultural  purposes.  It  is  fii-st  men- 
,i  ned  in  a  book  published  In  England  in  1611,  and 
seems  to  have  been  about  the  only  grass  cultivated  for 
a  hundred  years  afterwards.  To  those  who  are  not 
familiar  with  it,  the  following  description  will  be  bet- 
ter understood  than  the  technical  terms  of  the  botanist: 
The  culms  (stalks)  grow  from  two  to  three  fe»t  high, 
and  are  very  fall  of  leaves.  I  he  p^nnlcle  (head)  is 
six  inches  or  more  In  length,  contains  from  seven  to 
eleven  seeds,  and  bear.=i  a  striking  resemblance  to  those 
of  couch,  or  quack  grass. 

A  well  informed  writer  says:  "It  occupies  the  same 
place  in  England  that  timothy  roes  with  us,  and  Is 
there  esteemed  on  the  whole,  higher  than  any  other 
species  of  grass  "  Its  name,  Italian  rye  grass,  Is  de 
rived  from  the  fact  that  iti  native  habitat,  or  home,  is 
on  the  plains  of  Lombardy,  where  broad  and  exten- 
sive areas  of  pasture  land  are  frequently  inundated  by 
mountain  streams  that  intersect  them.  In  irrigated 
meadows,  it  is  undoubtedly  superior  to  any  other 
grass.  It  thrives  well  in  the  moist  climate  of  Great 
Britain  without  irrigation,  and  no  doubt  would  flour 
ish  along  the  rivers  in  the  United  States  where  the 
land  is  subject  to  yearly  oveifl)w. 

Prof  Phares,  of  Mis^i8i>ippi,  some  years  since,  said: 
"This  year  Italian  rye  grass  stands  drouth  well,  and 
erows  most  luxudantly  in  the  Southern  States.  If  nob 
kept  well  grazed  or  moTs-ed,  however,  the  leaves 
cover  the  ground  so  deeply  and  densely  tha*^^  an  excess 
of  rain  in  very  hot  weather  In  the  extreme  South 
(ianses  it  to  rot  suddenly,  destrojlng  even  the  roots." 

If  It  will  flourish  well  in  the  South,  farmers  could 
afford  to  take  the  risk  of  having  it  rot  on  the  ground 
occasionally,  as  the  benefit  to  the  land  by  shading  and 
rotting  like  surface  manuring  wouM  more  than  com 
oensate  for  the  cost  of  the  seed  and  labor  of  seeding. 
It  may  be,  however,  that  Prof.  Phares  was  too  san 
guine  about  its  value  in  the  South. 

Prof  T.  M.  Tracy,  of  the  Mississippi  Experiment 
Sfation,  sajs.  In  the  Report  of  the  Depart m- nt  of 
Agrlcult  re  for  the  year  1890:  '  From  five  sowings  in 
the  field  of  Italian,  English  and  perennial  varieties, 
we  have  nothing  left  ex  ept  an  occasional  plant.  None 
of  them  seem  able  to  stand  our  summer,  and  cannot 
be  lecomnaended  for  the  Southern  States." 

As  long'  ago  as  ISGO,  the  Rev.  0.  W.  Howard,  in  a 

letter  printed  In  the  Patent  OfiBce  Report,  said:  "The 

Italian  seed  was  sown  last  spring;  they  came  np  and 

■grew  vigorously,  but  almost  entirely  perished  daring 

the  severe  drouth  of  the  paar  summer." 

At  the  Wjoming  Expeiimeni  Station,  out  of  twenty 
dififsrent  kinds  of  gra«s  seed  selected  for  trial,  Piof. 
D.V  ce  Ml  Liren  gives  Italian  rje  grass  the  second  place 
in  the  otder  of  excellence. 

The  Report  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  for 
1870,  places  it  among  the  best  grasses  as  regards  re- 
sistance to  drouihs  and  power  of  endurance  when 
subject  to  the  scorching  sun  and  parched  soil. 

"The  grasses,"  saj  s  the  Library  of  Universal  Knowl- 
edge, "are  distributed  over  all  parts  of  the  world. 
Some  are  characteristic  of  the  warmest  tropical  re- 
gions and  some  of  the  vicinity  of  perpetual  snow;  but 


15K>3  J 


THE  BOUTHEKW  PLAJ^ITEK. 


163 


they  abound  most  of  all,  and  particularly  in  their 
social  character,  clothing  the  ground  with  verdure 
and  forming  the  chief  vegetation  of  meadows  and 
pastures  in  the  northern  'emperate  zone.  There  is  no 
kind  of  soil  that  is  not  suitable  to  sonic  or  other  of  the 
grssses,  and  while  some  are  peculiar  to  dry  and  sterile 
soils,  others  are  only  found  on  rich  soils  with  abund 
ant  moisture;  some  grow  in  marshes,  stagnant  waters 
or  slow  streams;  some  only  on  the  sea  coast.  Some 
grasses  are  annual  and  some  perennial.  The  most  im 
portant  fodder  grass  in  Britain  is  the  rye  grass." 

The  Encyclopaedia  Biitannira  says:  "Italian  rye 
grass  and  red  clover  are  now  frequently  sown  in  mix 
ture  for  soiling,  and  succeed  admirably." 

A  Kentucky  farmer  gives  the  following  mixture  of 
grass  seeds  to  be  sown  for  pasturage:  Blue  grass,  8  lbs. ; 
orchard  grass,  4  lbs  ;  timothy,  4  lbs  ;  re  clover.  6  lbs. 
And  to  this.  Dr.  George  Vasey  says  add  Italian  rye 
grass  4  lbs  , which,  altogether,  will  make  heavy  seeding, 
bat  heavy  seeding  is  what  is  needed  to  make  a  good 
pasture.  For  pasturage,  he  recommends  a  variety  of 
grasses,  as  stock  like  a  variety,  and  thrive  better 
on  it. 

There  is  no  question  about  the  excellence  of  Italian 
grass  in  Italy  and  England,  but  the  testimony  con 
cerning  its  value  in  this  country  is  conflicting,  and 
"when  doctors  disagree"  there  is  no  way  but  for  farm 
ers  to  experiment  for  themselves. 

J.  W.  IxaHAM. 

Italian  rye  grass  has  been  very  successfully  grown 
on  the  James  River  low  grounds  and  also  on  some 
other  of  the  river  bottom  lands  of  the  State.  On 
these  lands  it  makes  a  crop  which  can  be  cut  two  or 
three  times  unless  the  summer  is  ve'-y  dry.  We  have 
grown  it  largely  in  England  on  similar  lands,  and 
always  with  great  success.  Ic  is  one  of  the  best  grasses 
for  growing  under  irrigation,  and  will  yield  four  or 
five  cuttings  in  the  year.  It  is  largely  grown  on  the 
sewage  farms  which  have  been  established  in  England 
for  the  disposal  of  sewage  from  the  large  cities  where 
Bewage  is  not  allowed  to  be  turned  into  the  rivers  nn 
less  first  purified  by  some  means.  The  filtration  of 
this  sewaj  e,  by  using  it  for  irrigation  purposes  on 
sewage  farms,  has  been  found  to  be  one  of  the  best  and 
cheapf  st  methods  of  complying  with  the  law. — Ed. 


IMPROVING  MOUNTAIN  LAND. 

Editor  Southern  Planter : 

I  think  it  is  almost  impossible  for  anybody  not  per 
fectly  familiar  with  Mr.  Reynolds'  soil  to  give  the  de- 
sired information.  Mr.  Reynolds  informs  us  that  his 
soil  is  deep  and  black,  and  that  timothy  grows  to  per- 
fection. This  generally  indicates  that  the  soil  is  rich 
In  humus,  and  it  is  therefore  questionable  if  blue 
grass,  which  makes  other  demands  on  the  soil  than 
timothy,  will  make  a  good  sod  there. 

It  is  quite  true  that  timothy  alone,  or  even  as  the 
prevailing  grass  in  a  pasture,  is  not  as  desirable  for 
cattle  as  other  grasses  are.    Timothy  is  tender  when 


quite  young,  but  soon  gets  hard  and  they  hay  is  en 
tirely  too  hud  for  cattle,  besides  that  it  does  net  pos- 
sess the  feeding  value  of  some  other  grasses. 
Whether  it  is  advisable  to  plow  the  sod  up  depends 
upon  the  denseness  of  the  sod,  its  being  free  from  ob- 
noxious weeds  and  its  lasting  qualities.  If  the  sod 
is  weedy,  it  should  be  plowed  up,  and  the  best  plan 
will  probably  be  to  fallow  the  soil.  In  a  climate  like 
ours,  fallow  is  generally  not  given  a  regular  place  in 
the  rotation,  but  if  I  want  to  clean  a  soil  quickly  and 
thoroughly  and  be  sure  of  the  success,  I  prefer  it  to 
any  other  method.'  It  should,  however,  be  taken  into, 
consideration  that  on  some  soils  it  is  a  very  difBcult 
matter  to  get  the' new  sod  as  dense  and  last  ng  as  the 
old  sod.  If  the  soil  is  not  weedy,  some  other  method 
of  improving  the  sod  without  plowing  it  up  may  be 
resorted  to. 

Another  way>f  improving  the  god  is  to  top  dress  it 
with  manare  or  .fertilizers  and  sprinkle  smaU  quanti 
ties  of  suitable  clover  and  grasses  over  it.  Horse  ma- 
nure deserves  for  cattle  pastures  the  preference,  but 
as  it  can  seldom' be  obtained  in  sufficient  quantities, 
other  manure  or  commercial  fertilizers  will  have  to  be 
substituted.  Next  to  manure  stands  hard  wood  ash. 
These  bring  out;. the  leguminous  crops  in  a  remarka 
bly  short  time.  The  phosphates  and  potash  salts  will 
have  to  be  applied  early  in  fall,  as  it  has  often  been 
noticed  that  grass  top  dressed  with  th<  se  fertilizers  is 
objectionable  to  cattle.  Without  manure  or  fertilizer, 
I  think,  it  will  hardly  be  possible  to  bring  about  a 
change  in  the  pasturage.  The  fine  growth  of  the  timo 
thy,  which  at  the  present  time  occupies  the  soil,  is  pre- 
eminently due  to  theicause  that  the  soil  supplies  the 
food  which  the  timothy  demands,  in  liberal  quantities. 
If  other  grasses  with  difi'erent  demands  on  the  plant 
food  of  the  soil  shall  take  the  place  of  the  timothy,  or 
at  least  to  a  certain  [extent,  it  will  be  neces8ar,\  to 
change  the  plant  food,  by 'applying  liberal  quantities 
of  the  food  demanded^y  those  plants.  Without  this 
change,  I  think,  it  will  hardly  be  possible  to  obtain 
the  desired  effect. 

If  it  will  be  profitable  to'make  this  change  on  a  per- 
manent pasture,  only  experience  can  tell.  Generally 
it  is  not.  It  not  only  requires  considerable  manure  or 
fertilizer  to  maintain'an  artificial  pasturage,  but  the 
other  land,  set  aside  for  the  growing  of  crops,  being 
continuously  cropped,  will  also  require  more  manure. 
On  most  soils  which  do  not  produce  a  natural  good 
sod,  it  is  decidedly  more' profitable  to  have  crops  and 
pasture  in  rotation.  One  piepares  the  soil  for  the 
other.  If  the  crops  are  well  fertilized,  there  is  suffi- 
cient available  plant  food  left  in  the  soil  to  produce  a 
good  pasture.  If  the  soil  is  seeded  with  a  variety  of 
clover  and  grasses,  these  pastures  will  be  for  three  or 
four  years  all  that  can  be  desired.     The  grass  is  also 


164 


THE  SOtTTHBBN  PLANTER. 


[March 


■of  a  finer  texture,  sweeter  and  better  than  that  of  a 
fertilized  permanent  pasture,  and  is  also  better  liked 
by  the  stock. 

Bat  as  I  have  sa'd  before,  it  is  a  difficult  matter  to 
suggest  anything  without  having  s  en  the  soil  and  the 
sod.  There  are  so  many  products  which  have  to  be 
taken  into  consideration  in  the  management  of  a  farm 
that  they  often  outweigh  the  profit  from  a  desired 
change  in  one  of  the  branches. 

District  of  Columbia.  H.  Wink  ELM  AN. 


NITRATE  OF  SODA  AS  A  FERTILIZER  FOR 
TOBACCO  PLANT  BEDS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter : 

As  the  time  is  close  at  hand  when  the  tobacco  raiser 
•will  have  to  prepare  his  plant  bed,  with  your  permis 
aion,  I  will  give  my  experience  with  nitrate  of  soda 
as  a  plant  grower.  Last  spring  I  prepared  and  seeded 
my  beds  as  usual  and  put  about  75  lbs.  of  regular  to 
bacco  fertilizer  to  the  hundred  square  yards,  which  is 
considered  a  liberal  application  Both  beds  were  on 
a  good  southern  exposure,  bat  the  situation  was  rather 
dry  for  the  light  rains  of  the  latter  part  of  April  and 
the  first  of  May.  and  my  plants  came  up  very  scatter 
ing,  and  these  few  were  growing  vfry  slowly,  and 
my  prospect  for  a  crop  of  tobacco  looked  very  blue. 
I  had  to  do  something,  and  that  very  quick,  or  miss  a 
crop.  I  sent  to  Richmonl  for  a  sack  of  nitrate  of  soda 
(200  lbs.),  for  which  I  was  charged  at  the  rate  of  $50 
per  ton  cash.  I  top  dressed  my  beds  with  this  at  the 
rate  of  about  10  pounds  to  the  hundred  yards,  and  then 
put  on  a  light  sprinkle  of  straw  to  hold  the  moisture. 
"We  had  a  light  rain  that  night,  which  dissolved  the 
nitrate,  and  in  a  week  the  plants  that  came  up  first 
and  were  the  size  of  a  quarter  when  I  dressed  them 
•with  the  nitrate,  were  six  inches  high,  and  the  darkest 
green  I  ever  saw.  In  the  meantime  the  others  had 
come  up,  and  were  large  enough  to  plant  in  half  the 
time  it  usually  takes  a  plant  to  grow  in,  and  all 
of  them  were  of  that  healthy,  robust  character  that 
take  root  and  grow  off  -o  nicely,  as  the  tobacco  raiser 
likes  to  see. 

Well,  I  would  not  have  known  whether  it  was  the 
nitrate  of  soda,  the  straw  or  the  rain,  had  I  not  left  out 
a  strip  through  the  middle  of  each  bed  with  no  nitrate 
of  soda  on  it,  but  this  told  the  tale.  The  plants  on 
this  strip  were  not  large  enough  to  plant  by  the  first 
of  July,  and  they  were  then  little  yellow,  tough  things 
compared  to  the  others  growing  within  a  foot  of  them. 
In  the  meantime  I  had  finished  planting  my  crop  of 
60,000  hills  by  June  15th,  and  a  week  later  I  think  I 
could  have  planted  as  many  more  out  of  the  same 
beds,  whilst  another  bed  close  by,  that  had  a  good  ap 
plication  of  guano  and  hogpen  manure,  had  dried  up 


after  the  first  drawing.  I  think  that  the  plants  where 
the  nitrate  of  soda  was  applied,  after  leaving  the 
ground,  without  exaggeration,  grew  at  least  an  inch  a 
day,  and  this  vigorous  growth  continued  in  the  beds 
until  August,  dry  or  wet. 

I  thiak  the  best  time  to  apply  nitrate  of  soda  to 
plants  is  about  the  time  they  come  up,  as  it  acta  at 
once  ;  it  is  not  needed  earlier  than  this.  A  heavy 
dew  is  sufficient  to  dissolve  it.  Care  should  be  ob- 
served in  top  dressing  with  it  not  to  put  it  on  when 
there  is  any  water  on  the  plants,  as  it  will  certainly 
harm  them.  I  never  expect  to  try  to  raise  plants  in 
the  future  without  it,  as  it  acts  more  like  magic  than 
anything  in  the  way  of  fertilizer  that  I  have  ever 
tried.  I  think  plants  can  be  produced  at  least  two 
weeks  earlier  by  the  use  of  it. 

Cumberland  Co.,  Va.  H.  P.  Baker. 


HUMUS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter : 

How  shall  we  teach  our  farmers  the  necessity  for  a 
constant  accumulation  of  humus  in  the  soil  f  One  of 
the  greatest  evils  we  labor  under  is  the  constant  wast 
ing  of  humus  out  of  our  lands.  They  are  farmed  year 
in  and  out  without  any  regard  to  gaining  humus.  We 
will  have  to  change  our  plans  entirely  or  our  lands 
will  get  80  poor  they  will  not  pay  for  the  plowing. 
Lard  is  put  in  c.rn  year  after  year,  or  corn  and  then 
oats,  and  nothing  added  to  help  it.  E^ery  farm  should 
have  so  many  acres  (say  ten  or  twenty)  every  year 
sewed  in  rye  early  in  fall  to  fallow  in  the  spring  for 
corn  and  a  like  area  to  be  sowed  in  peas  in  spring  to 
fallow  in  fall  for  wheat,  oats  or  grass.  If  this  plan 
was  followed  every  year,  and  some  good  fertilizer  used 
with  every  crop,  our  lands  would  soon  begin  to  pay  a 
profit  for  working.  Fertilizers  on  lands  devoid  of 
humus  are  almost  useless.  Land  with  plenty  of  humna 
in  it  will  stand  dry  spells  so  much  better,  be  easier 
improved  and  work  much  easier  All  persons  renting 
out  lands  should  stipulate  in  their  contracts  that  all 
grain  crops  grown  should  be  preceded  or  followed  by 
a  humus  makine;  crop.  Then,  if  every  few  years  a 
good  dressing  of  lime  could  be  added  on  top  of  a  good 
fallow  of  vegetable  matter,  our  farms  would  soon  take 
on  new  life  and  the  country  would  look  far  better  than 
it  does  now.  Some  may  say  peas  are  too  high  to  sow 
and  fallow.  Try  corn  ;  I  am  told  by  some  that  it  does 
nearly  or  quite  as  well  as  peas.  Many  of  you  have 
noticed  wherever  a  shock  of  corn  stood  late  in  the 
field  that  the  next  crop  grown  on  the  land  will  show 
where  those  shocks  stood.  Even  where  your  plows 
come  out  on  the  end  to  turn  around  the  land  shows  a 
better  growth  of  vegetable  matter. 

Henrico  Co.,  Va.  Country. 

It  is  not  the  corn  that  improves  the  land,  but  the 
shading  of  the  soil  by  the  shock  which  promotes  nitri- 
fication in  the  soil.  Corn  will  not  improve  the  land 
like  a  leguminous  crop  does.  It  takes  nitrogen  from 
the  soil  instead  of  adding  it. — Ed. 


1903.] 


THE  80UTHEEN  PT.A  NTEB. 


165^ 


ENQUIRER'S  COLUMN. 

Enquiries  should  be  sent  to  the  office  of  The  Southern  Planter 
Kichmond,  Va.,  not  later  than  the  15th  of  the  month,  for  re- 
plies to  appear  in  the  next  month's  issue  of  the  Planter. 

Fertilizer  for  Peanuts  and  Corn. 

1.  From  what  scarce  is  it  best  to  obtain  nitrogen  for 
Spanish  peanuts  and  for  corn  ? 

2.  From  what  source  is  it  best  to  obtain  phosphoric 
acid  for  each  of  the  above  crops  ? 

3.  From  what  source  is  it  best  to  obtain  potash  for 
each  of  the  above  crops  t 

4.  Do  you  think  a  field  on  which  Spanish  peanuts 
were  grown  last  year,  on  which  barn  yard  manure  and 
guano  was  used,  would  be  benefited  and  the  yield  of 
corn  increased  this  year  by  application  of  lime?  If  so, 
what  quantity  to  the  acre  should  be  used  ! 

Please  furnish  me  formulas  for  the  above  crops,  and 
what  quantity  of  mixture  to  the  acre  should  be  used. 
Sussex  Co.,  Va.  Geo.  D.  Geizzaed. 

1.  Cotton  seed  meal  or  dried  blood  are  good  sources 
from  which  to  obtain  nitrogen  for  the  peanut.  It,  how 
ever,  does  not  call  for  the  application  of  much  nitrogen, 
as  being  a  legume  it  can  obtain  its  supply  from  the  at 
mosphere  after  it  once  gets  a  start,  It  is,  of  course, 
necessary  for  it  to  do  this  that  the  land  should  have 
in  it  the  microbe  peculiar  to  the  peanut  plant.  This, 
however,  is  always  found  more  or  less  abundantly 
wherever  peanuts  have  been  grown  in  the  past  few 
years.  We  deal  with  the  fertilizer  for  a  co:n  crop  in 
our  reply  to  No.  4. 

2.  The  phosphoric  acid  is  cheapest  and  best  supplied 
from  acid  phosphate. 

3.  Potash  can  be  had  from  either  kainit  or  muriate 
of  potash,  but  we  should  prefer  the  muriate,  as  we  do 
not  think  the  salt  in  kainit  is  of  any  value  to  the  plant. 

4.  We  think  it  very  doubtful  if  lime  applied  now 
would  be  of  any  service  to  the  corn  crop  of  thi«  year. 
If  applied  in  December  or  January  it  might  have 
helped  it.  The  action  of  lime  is  largely  mechanical 
and  takes  time  to  become  effective.  Directly,  it  is  of 
little  value  as  plant  food,  but  indiractly  it  helps  much 
in  correcting  acidity  in  the  soil  and  in  liberating  pot- 
ash and  phosphoric  acid.  For  these  effects  it  must 
have  time,  as  it  acts  slowly.  We  have  no  confidence 
in  advising  the  use  of  any  commercial  fertilizer  on  the 
corn  crop.  A  critical  examination  of  many  experi 
ments  conducted  in  many  corn  States  justifies  us  in  say 
ing  that  rarely  has  the  application  of  commercial  fer 
tilizer  been  profitable  on  the  corn  crop.  It  often  re- 
sults in  increasing  the  yield,  but  rarely  sufficiently  so 
to  pay  for  the  fertilizer.  If  used  we  would  apply  only 
add  phosphate — say  300  lbs.  to  the  acre.  The  land 
you  refer  to  will,  no  doubt,  have  sufficient  nitrogen 
stored  in  it  by  the  peanut  crop  to  mtet  the  needs  of  a 
corn  crop.    Potash  has  rarely  been  found  necessary  in 


this  S'ate  for  corn,  or,  indeed,  for  any  crop  except  to- 
bacco and  Irish  potatoes.     For  the  peanuts  mix  : 

80  lbs.  acid  phosphate, 
300  lbs.  cotton  seed  meal, 
50  lbs.  muriate  of  potash, 

and  apply  this  quantity  per  acre.  You,  of  course, 
know  that  the  peanut  requires  lime  for  ita  successful 
growth  and  the  pei  fection  of  the  nuts.  About  25  bush- 
els of  lime  per  acre  should  be  applied  every  three 
years. — Ed. 

Improving  Land  with  Peas  and   Crimson   Clover. 

I  am  a  subscriber  to  your  valuable  journal,  and  have 
read  with  great  interest  therein,  as  well  as  in  other 
agricultural  journals,  what  has  been  said  and  encour- 
aged along  the  line  of  "green  manuring"  aLd  the  cul- 
tivation of  nitrogen  producing  plants,  with  a  view  to 
rai-iing,  with  the  least  possible  cost,  impoveiished  soils 
to  the  highest  state  of  cultivation. 

I  have  a  plot  of  from  six  to  eight  acres  of  land — 
light  grey  soil,  fairly  red  subsoil,  land  level,  no  gauls, 
but  thin — veiy  responsive  to  fertilization.  I  desire  to 
prepare  this  piece  of  land  for  corn  for  the  year  1904, 
and  it  has  occurred  to  me  that  the  proper  course  to 
pursue  will  be  to  sow  it  to  peas  this  coming  spring  and 
either  mow  the  vines  or  turn  them  under  and  follow 
with  Crimson  clover,  to  be  turned  under  during  the 
spring  of  1904,  and  then  plant  to  corn. 

1.  Will  this  be  practical  ?    If  so, 

2.  Will  it  be  proper  to  mow  the  peas  and  feed  te 
stock,  or  plow  them  under  t 

3.  Should  the  peis  be  sown  broadcast,  or  should 
they  be  drilled? 

4.  Should  it  be  proper  to  drill  peas,  should  the  fer- 
tilizer be  drilled  or  should  it  be  broadcasted  t 

5.  If  broadcasted,  what  number  of  pounds  of  fertile 
izer  should  I  sow  to  the  acre,  and  kind  t 

6.  If  broadcasted,  what  number  of  bushels  of  peas 
should  be  sown  t 

7.  Should  it  be  proper  to  follow  the  peas  with  clover, 
how  should  the  seed  be  applied,  and  what  number  of 
pounds  to  the  acre  T 

8.  What  kind,  and  what  number  pounds  of  fertil- 
izer should  there  be  used  in  connection  with  the  sow- 
ing of  clover  t 

Nottoway  Co.,  Va.  W.  M.  White. 

1.  Yes  ;  entirely  so,  and  most  proper. 

2.  As  to  whether  the  peas  should  be  cut  and  fed  to 
stock  depends  on  the  condition  of  the  land.  If 
almost  completely  devoid  of  humus  or  vegetable  mat- 
ter, we  would  say  let  the  vines  bee  jme  nearly  ripe  and 
then  plow  the  whole  crop  down  ;  but  if  the  land  Is  not 
so  poor  as  to  call  for  all  this  vegetable  matter,  then  cut 
the  crop,  leaving  a  tall  stubble,  and  plow  this  down. 

3.  On  such  a  piece  of  land  as  you  describe  we  would 
sow  broadcast.  If  the  land  was  in  better  condition 
we  would  drill  them. 

4.  Sow  the  fertilizer  broadcast. 

5.  Apply  300  or  400  lbs.  of  acid  phosphate  and  50 
lbs.  of  muriate  of  potash  per  acre. 

6.  A  bushel  or  a  bushel  and  a  half  of  peas  will  be 


166 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAHTEK 


[March 


sufiScieDt  broadcast.  If  drilled,  two  pecks  or  less  will 
euflSce. 

7.  Yes  ;  follow  the  peas  with  Crimson  cloTer.  After 
plowing  the  peas  or  stubble  down  harrow  the  land, 
then  BOW  12  lbs.  of  the  clover  seed  per  acre  and  cover 
with  a  BtLOOthing  harrow  or  a  bosh  harrow. 

S.  We  would  give  the  clover  250  lbs.  per  acre  of  acid 
phosphate,  sown  broadcast,  after  the  land  waa  plowed 
aid  before  harrowing. — Ed 

Hogs  Pasturing  In  Corn  Field. 

Can  you,  or  any  subscriber,  give  espprieoce  with 
regard  to  turning  hoijs  on  corn,  as  described  on  page 
89  of  Planter  for  February.  I  intend  growing  some 
acrfs  of  Eoja  beans  fo  this  purpose.  Would  half  corn 
and  half  beans  make  a  bftter  pasture?  I  fancy  hog3 
would  eat  corn  first  and  likely  waste  considerable. 

Amherst  Co  ,  Va.  Thomas  Howell. 

We  have  had  no  personal  experience  in  hogging 
down  a  crop  of  corn  in  the  way  suggested.  Shall  be 
glad  to  hear  from  those  who  have.  We  have  a  sub 
scriber  who  grows  corn  and  Soy  beans  together,  and 
turns  his  hogs  into  the  field  after  the  beans  have  pod 
ded  and  begin  to  ripen.  Before  doing  so,  he  feeds  the 
hogs  Soy  beans  pulled  from  the  field  for  a  week  or  ten 
days.  After  they  hav  acquired  a  liking  for  them,  he 
says  they  may  be  safely  turned  into  the  field  and  will 
not  trouble  the  corn  until  the  beans  are  eaten.  Corn 
and  beans  grown  together  make  an  excellent  hog  pas 
tnre.  The  two  crops  make  a  balanced  ration.  The 
one  is  rich  in  protein,  the  other  in  carbohydrates. — Ed. 


Renewing  Pasture. 

We  have  a  blue  grass  meadow,  which  we  have  re 
cently  obtained,  and  which  has  been  pastured  exces 
sively.  The  blue  grass  is  very  thin  over  a  good  por 
tion  of  it.  and  weeds  have  sprung  up  in  such  places. 
Would  it  be  better  to  plow  it  and  sow  to  cow  peas,  cut 
them  for  hay,  then  turt  under  the  stubble,  and  seed 
with  a  mixture  of  grass  seed  suitable  for  a  permanent 
pasture  1  If  so.  what  seeds  had  best  be  sown  or  would 
It  be  better  to  disk  it  out  and  sow  to  grass  this  springt 

Loudoun  Co.yVa.  W.  M.  M. 

We  would  advise  that  the  field  be  plowed  up  and 
deeply  and  thoroughly  worked,  and  then  be  planted 
in  cow  peas.  We  would  help  these  peas  to  make  a 
heavy  crop  in  order  to  smother  all  weeds  by  giving 
them  200  .  r  300  lbs.  of  acid  phosphate  per  acre.  We 
would  cut  the  crop  for  hay  and  then  plow  down  the 
stubble,  say  in  September.  Work  the  soil  very  fine, 
and  fertilize  with  bone  meal,  potash  and  nitrogen  and 
seed.  In  our  article,  "Work  for  the  Month,"  in  this 
and  the  last  issue,  will  be  found  full  information  as  to 
the  varieties  of  grass  to  sow.  A  meadow  which  has 
been  run  so  long  as  this  one,  and  which  is  badly  in 
fested  with  weeds,  can  never  be  made  a  satisfactory 
sod  except  by  starting  completely  afresh. — Ed. 


Stump  Pullers— Sweet   Potato  Slips — Tomato  Fer- 
tilizer. 

1.  I  see  advertised  in  the  Planter  four  different  kinds 
of  stump  pullers.  I  would  like  to  know  if  they  do 
the  work  all  right,  and  the  one  which  is  the  best.  I 
have  about  15  acres  to  c'.ear  of  pine,  about  12  or  15 
inches  across  the  stump.  Would  they  be  the  right 
thing  ?o  use  in  clearing  itt 

2.  I  would  like  to  know  if  there  is  a  machine  to 
transplant  sweet  potato  sprouts — run  the  row,  distrib- 
ute the  fertilizer,  list  the  land  and  set  the  plant  all  at 
one  time;  if  there  is,  where  can  it  be  bought)  and  what 
is  the  price  t 

3.  I  would  like  to  know  how  to  mix  the  chemicals 
to  make  the  proper  fertilizer  for  taniatoes.  I  have 
not  been  growing  tomatoes,  and  don't  know  what  to 
use. 

Accortiac  Co.,Va.  T.  D.  Maetin. 

1.  We  have  excellent  testimonials  as  to  the  effec- 
tiveness of  the  different  stump  pullers  advertised  in 
our  columns,  and  we  know  many  who  are  using  them. 
One  man  prefers  one  make,  and  another  the  others. 
Send  for  information  to  the  advertisers. 

2.  The  MeSherry  Manufacturing  Company,  of  Mid- 
dleton,  Ohio,  advertised  a  machine  for  this  purpose 
in  our  columns  last  year  and  will  do  so,  we  believe, 
again  this  year,  probably  next  month. 

3.  The  following  ingredients  will  make  a  good  to- 
mato fertilizer  : 

200  lbs.  nitrate  of  soda. 

700  Ibj.  cotton  seed  meal. 

840  lbs.  acid  phosphate  (13  per  cent.). 

260  lbs.  muriate  of  potash. 


2000  lbs. 

Apply  from  300  to  500  lbs.  to  the  acre. 


-Ed. 


Peas  for  Hogs. 

Will  T  on  kindly  tell  me  what  is  the  best  pea  to  sow 
to  raise  peas  to  turn  hogs  on  in  the  fall  to  fatten  themf 
How  many  hogs  could  I  run  to  the  acret  Will  it  in- 
jure or  improve  a  piece  of  land  to  put  it  iu  peas  year 
after  year,  and  eat  them  off  with  hogsT  Would  I  raise 
a  pretty  fair  crop  of  peas  without  fertilizer  on  clay 
land  that  will  produce  about  two  or  three  barrels  of 
corn  to  the  acret 

Albemarle  Co.,  Va.  J.  L.  Deyden. 

Either  Black  Clay  or  Whippoorwill  peas  make  the 
best  hog  pasture  for  your  section.  You  would  not 
find  that  the  peas  would  continue  to  produce  a  good 
crop  grown  year  after  year  unless  helped  every  year 
with  acid  phosphate  and  potash.  Peas  get  their  ni- 
trogen from  the  atmosphere,  but  are  large  consumers 
of  phosphoric  acid  and  potash,  which,  if  not  present 
in  available  form  In  the  land  in  abundance,  must  be 
snpplitd  or  the  land  will  soon  be  impoverished. 

You  will  not  be  likely  to  make  much  of  a  crop  of 
peas  on  such  land  as  you  describe  without  the  appli- 
cation of  200  or  800  lbs.  of  acid  phosphate.— Ed. 


1903.J 


THE  80UTHEKN  i'JLAIvTBB. 


167 


Cow-Peas  and   Corn  as  a  Fodder  Crop — Crimson 
Clover — Sulphur  for  Stock. 

Last  Jane  I  sowed  five  acres  of  cow  peas  and  corn 
with  drill  for  hay.  When  the  fodder  was  ma 
tnred  I  cut  the  crop  wi  h  a  wheat  harvester,  making 
small,  loose  bundles.  I  shocked  it  in  the  same  way  as 
wheat,  patting  four  to  six  bundles  to  the  shock.  It 
cured  out  nicely  and  was  ready  to  put  in  bulk  in  timt- 
for  seeding  the  land  to  wheat.  Ic  made  an  excellent 
balanced  ration,  and  was  easily  and  cheaply  handled. 
The  forn  stalks  did  not  attain  sufficient  size  to  make 
shredding  necessary  for  feeding  in  the  barn. 

Should  any  of  your  readers  try  this  they  might  find 
it  necessary  in  case  of  warm,  wet  weather  during  cur 
ing  to  cut  the  bands  on  the  bundles  to  prevent  mould 
Ing  inside.  In  this  event  I  would  suggest  rebinding 
in  larger  bundles  for  convenience  in  handling.  1 
had  no  trouble  about  this 

1.  So  well  pleased  was  I  with  the  experiment  that  I 
shall  increase  my  acieage  next  season  if  you  will  help 
me  over  an  obstacle.  The  fodder  on  very  fertile  soil 
will  grow  too  high  to  cut  with  harvester  unle-s  sown 
very  thick,  in  which  case  it  will  crowd  out  the  peas. 
Do  you  know  of  any  plant  of  good  feeding  value  that 
will  overcome  this  difiiculty ! 

2.  What  do  you  know  of  the  feeding  value  of  Grim 
son  clover  hay  !  Is  there  any  danger  in  feeding  it  to 
stock  1  Will  the  crop  produce  second  growth  like 
red  clover  when  first  growth  is  cut  1 

3.  Is  there  any  danger  in  feeding  flowers  of  sulphur 
to  stoc?  carrying  their  young  ? 

Oulppper  Co.,  Va.  A    G.  Pake. 

1.  Many  of  our  snbacribers  use  sorghum  with  the 
peas  instead  of  corn,  and  find  that  it  makes  a  finer 
and  shorter  stalk  and  nicer  feed.  Possibly  one  of  the 
millets,  either  German  or  Cat  Tail  (Pencillaria)  would 
make  even  still  finer  and  shorter  stalks,  and  they  both 
make  good  feed,  and  would,  we  think,  mature  along 
with  the  peas.  We  would  like  a  report  on  this  if 
tried. 

2.  Crimson  clover  makes  excellent  green  feed  cut 
when  in  bloom.  It  also  makes  a  nice  hay  if  cut  when 
in  bloom  or  just  when  coming  into  bloom.  If  not  cut 
until  the  seed  forms  ic  is  dangerous  to  feed  to  horses, 
as  the  hulls  of  the  seed  mat  in- o  balls  in  the  stomach 
anb  cause  stoppage  of  the  bowels.  We  have  had  balls 
as  large  as  an  orange  taken  from  the  bowels  of  horses 
which  they  killed.  We  have,  however,  never  heard 
of  the  hay  injaring  cattle  in  this  way.  It  will  not 
make  a  second  growth. 

3.  We  have  never  heard  of  any  Injury  from  sul 
phur.  It  should  not  be  fed  in  cold  weather  when  ani- 
mals are  exposed  to  the  weather,  as  its  action  is  large 
ly  on  the  skin  and  makes  the  animals  sensitive  to 
changes  of  temperature. — Ed. 


Cow-Peas  and  Corn. 

Can  you,  or  any  of  your  correspondents,  give  me 
any  information  as  to  the  efficicy  of  Kafl&r  corn  or 
sorghum  in  serving  to  hold  up  cow  pea  vines  when 
mixed  with  the  peas  when  sowing  with  drill t    If  so. 


Then  which  is  best,  Kaffir  corn  or  sorghum,  and  the 
proper  quantity  of  either  to  sow  with  the  peas  ner 
acre  in  order  that  the  growth  of  the  corn  or  sorghum 
may  not  grow  so  high  as  to  prevent  their  harvesting 
vith  binder,  ^ 

ran,e  Co.,  N.  C.  j.  p.  Tayloe. 

In  our  October,  1902,  issue  we  replied  to  a  very 
similar  enquiry  to  this  one  supplementing  what  we 
said  in  our  July  issue  on  the  same  subject.  We  have 
many  subscribers  who  have  for  years  adopted  the  prac- 
tise of  growing  peas  and  corn  and  peas  and  sorghum 
or  Kaffir  corn  together,  and  are  well  pleased  with  the 
results,  especially  when  used  for  fi,ling  the  silo.  Per- 
.sonally,  we  prefer  to  mix  cow  peas  and  sorghum,  as 
making  a  better  and  richer  feed  than  peas  and  corn, 
though  probably  the  corn  would  make  the  heavier 
crop,  and  if  intended  to  be  made  into  ensilage  would 
be  quite  as  cleanly  eaten  up,  Kaffir  corn  would  do 
equally  as  well  as  so  ghnm  or  corn  as  a  supporting 
crop  for  the  peas,  but  does  not  make  as  rich  feed.  The 
edvantage  it  possesses  over  sorghum  and  corn  is  that 
it  withstands  drouth  better.  Experiments  made  at 
the  Delaware  Station  seemed  to  demonstrate  that  the 
mixicg  of  the  peas  with  corn  did  not  result  in  increas- 
ing the  yield  so  much,  but  that  it  resulted  in  making 
a  better  balanced  ration  for  stock  without  materially 
increasing  the  cost,  the  only  increase  in  cost  being 
the  cost  of  the  pea  seed,  say  50  cents  to  $1  per  acre. 
We  refer  the  enquirer  to  our  July  and  October  1902 
issues  for  fuller  information. — Ed. 

State  Orange— Marl— Hulching  Potatoes. 

L3t  me  express  to  yon  briefly  my  hearty  apprecia- 
tion of  the  Southern  Planter.  It  is  exceedingly  helpful 
to  me.     Also  permit  me  to  propound  these  queries : 

1.  Is  there  a  State  Grange  in  Virginia! 

2.  How  is  marl  best  used,  and  for  what  crops? 

3.  Is  it  well  ordinarily  to  mulch  Irish  potatoes,  and 
if  so,  how  would  saw  dust  do  for  a  mulch r  I  have 
near  my  place— within  a  mile— quantities  of  saw  dust 
which  can  be  had  for  the  hauling.  ' 

James  City  Co.,  Va.  Chas.  H.  Geosvenoe. 

1.  There  was  a  State  Grange  in  Virginia,  but  we 
believe  it  is  now  moribund.  We  have  heard  nothing 
of  it  for  several  years.  The  Grange  never  made  head- 
way in  the  South. 

2.  Marl  may  be  applied  in  heavy  dressing  to  light 
or  loam  land  with  great  advantage.  The  percentage 
of  lime  and  phosphoric  acid  is,  however,  so  low  in 
comparison  to  the  weight.of  the  whole  that  it  will  not 
pay  to  haul  It  far. 

3.  The  mulching  of  Irish  potatoes  is  not  usually  of 
material  advantage,  as  the  vines  themselves  serve  aa 
a  good  mulch.  Saw  dost  is  of  no  value  except  as  a 
means  for  lightening  heavy  land,  and  it  is  even  for 
that  purpose  of  doubtlul  utility. — Ed. 


188 


IHK  OUDTHJfiiUI    PLANT&U. 


I  March 


Renewing  a  Pasture— Preparing  Land  for  Peas 

Kindly  give  me  the  following  information  : 

How  can  permanent  pastures  be  renewed  without 
plowing,  etc.t  What  would  be  the  result  of  ruaning 
over  a  pasture,  early  in  the  sprlug,  with  a  disc  har 
row,  sowing  grass  seed,  and  harrowing  or  rolling  it 
int  I  have  top  dressed  a  pasture  that  needs  renova 
tion  with  manuie,  but  the  grass  has  run  oat,  and  I 
wish  to  know  the  most  practical  way  of  getting  seeds 
into  the  ground  without  plowing  the  land. 

Can  light  land  be  successfully  prepared  for  cowpeas 
by  using  a  disc  harrow  instead  of  plowing! 

Fauquier  Co  ,Va.  H   C.  G. 

In  this  issue  will  be  found  a  reply  to  a  similar  ques 
tion  from  a  subscriber  in  Loudoun  county,  Va.  Where 
a  pasture  or  a  meadow  is  only  failing  in  places,  it  may 
ofcen  be  successfully  improved  by  harrowing  in  the 
spring  and  sowing  grass  seeds  and  top  dressing  with 
manure.  But  where  the  grass  has  run  out  and  weeds 
have  taken  possession,  nothing  but  plowing  up  and 
finely  preparing  and  reseedlng  will  secure  a  good 
result. 

Yesjlwe  have  known  many  good  crops  of  peas  made 
without  plowing  by  the  use  of  the  disc— Ed. 


Crimson  Clover — Rape. 

Will  Crimson  clover  make  a  good  hog  pasture  f 
AUo,  will  rape  make  a  good  hog  pasture  for  the  sum- 
mer!   Will  rape  do  well  on  low  land! 

Dinmddie  Go. ,  Va.  SuBecEiBER. 

Crimson  clover  will  make  a  good  pasture  up  to  the 
end  of  May,  when  it  begins  to  ripen  and  gets  hard 
and  dry.  Rape  makes  a  splendid  hog  pasture  in  the 
fall  and  in  spring,  but  cannot  stand  the  hot  weather 
of  summer.  If  sown  now,  it  will  make  a  pasture  up 
to  June,  and  should  then  be  plowed  up  and  sown  with 
cow  peas,  or  cow  peas  and  sorghum,  to  make  hay  or 
pasture.  Sow  rape  again  in  August  or  September  for 
fall  and  winter  grazing.  Cow  peas  or  Soy  beans  make 
the  best  summer  pasture  for  hogs.  —Ed. 


Diseased  Hogs. 

Win  yon  be  kind  enough  to  tell  me  through  the 
Planter  what  is  the  matter  with  my  hogs  and  give  me 
a  remedy.  They  will  eat  ouly  enough  to  keep  them 
alive,  sometimes  only  a  mouthful,  and  sometimes  an 
ear  of  corn.  They  eat  very  heartily  of  dirt.  I  keep 
them  in  a  close  pen  until  they  get  restless,  then  turn 
them  in  a  large  lot  without  any  change  for  the  better. 
They  have  a  cough.  I  have  20  head,  and  this  is  their 
condition.  I  feed  on  hard  corn,  soaked  corn,  ground 
peas  and  collards. 

Pamlico  Co.,  N.  G.  E.  A.  Hough. 

Your  hogs  are  no  doubt  badly  infested  with  worms. 
Stop  off  the  corn  feed,  and  let  them  fast  a  day,  then  give 
them  some  slop  made  of  mill  feed  and  bran  half  and 
half.  In  this  give  one  tablespoonful  of  turpentine  for 
each  hog.  After  this,  give  in  the  next  feed  a  half  a 
pint  of  raw  linseed  oil  for  each  hog.  After  this  has 
purged  them,  then  give  mill  feed,  bran  and  corn  meal 
In  a  slop.  If  they  still  do  not  appear  to  be  Improving, 
repeat  the  turpentine  in  a  week  or  ten  days.  Give  a 
handful  of  bone  meal  for  each  hog  once  a  week.  Feed 
all  the  green  food  possible,  and  let  them  have  a  range. 
—Ed. 

Plants  Destroyed  by  Moles  or  /lice. 

We  have  hundreds  of  j  uccas  in  this  place  that  are 
being  destroyed  by  moles  (!)  or  fi-ld  mice  (!) — eaten 
at  the  roots.  With  dogs  and  chickens  around,  I  am 
nnwilling  to  use  poison.  Can  you  suggest  any  remedy 
in  your  valuable  paper! 

Charlottesville,  Va.  E.  W.  H. 

Traps  might  lessen  the  trouble,  bat  poison  would 
be  much  more  effective. — Ed. 


Qinseng. 

Will  you  please  tell  me  of  the  standing  of  the  Com- 
mercial Qinseng  Co.,  Crozet,  Va.!  How  do  you  grow^ 
ginseng!  R.  H.  Noreis. 

Lancaster  Co.,  Va. 

We  believe  the  Commercial  Ginseng  Co.,  Crozet, Va., 
to  be  perfectly  reliable.  We  know  nothing  of  ginseng 
growing  except  from  what  we  have  read  about  it.  We 
are  not  at  all  favorably  impressed  with  the  crop.  We 
doubt  much  whether  it  will  be  found  generally  a  profit- 
able one.  In  any  event,  it  takes  five  years  to  realize 
the  profit,  if  there  be  one.  The  Pennsj  Ivania  Exper- 
iment Station  has  just  issued  a  bulletin  on  the  subject, 
giving  results  of  experiments  made  there.  Write  Di- 
rector of  Experiment  Station,  State  College,  Penn.^ 
for  copy  of  this. — Ed. 


Silo — Storing  Cut  Fodder. 

I  wish  to  feed  ensilage  the  coming  winter.  Can  I 
make  one  silo  do,  or  shall  I  have  to  have  more  than 
one! 

I  wish  the  most  convenient  plan  for  storing  cut  fod 
der.  SUBSCHIBEB. 

Louisa  Co.,  V*. 

One  silo  will  be  all  yon  will  need  for  ten  cows.  Later 
in  the  year  we  shall  write  fully  on  the  question,  giving 
full  information  as  to  construction  and  capacity  of  silos. 
If  you  will  refer  to  our  issue  for  July,  1902,  you  will 
find  an  article  on  the  subject  which  will  probably  give 
you  all  the  information  you  need. 

Cut  fodder  should  be  stored  In  a  bay  of  the  bam  or 
under  a  shed  boarded  up  in  front. — Ed. 


Kaffir  Corn. 

Will  you  please  say  what  you  think  of  Kaffir  com 
as  a  forage  crop  and  for  seed ! 

Dimciddie  Go. .  Va.  R.  Dewsburt. 

We  have  frequently  advised  the  growing  of  Kaffir 
corn  in  the  South.  Whilst  not  quite  so  good  feed  as 
sorghum,  It  will  do  better  than  either  corn  or  sorghum 
in  a  drouth. — Ed. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  FLANTIIB. 


109 


Stump  Killer— Disease  in  Hog — Breeds  of  Hogs. 

1.  Please  tell  me  some  simple  and  cheap  way  to  kill 
stumps  that  will  not  die,  such  as  gum  and  poplar. 

2.  I  had  a  litter  of  pigs  farrowed  April  26th  last 
year,  and  when  they  were  about  six  weeks  old  one  of 
them  became  affected  very  peculiarly.  He  could  not 
walk  or  run  in  a  straight  line,  but  would  go  around 
in  a  circle,  and  had  fiequent  spells  when  it  could  not 
walk  at  all,  especially  when  it  became  excited.  It  made 
a  very  peculiar  load  and  coarse  noise  in  squealing  or 
gruQting,  which  it  did  almost  continually.  Its  head 
was  twisted  a  little  to  the  right,  and  In  running  around 
a  circle  it  would  always  go  to  the  left.  After  about  a 
month  it  began  to  get  becter  and  became  very  thrifty, 
but  its  head  did  not  get  straight,  and  it  continued  to 
make  the  same  peculiar  noise  until  I  killed  it  a  month 
ago.  I  thought  it  must  have  got  ten  a  lick  on  its  head 
which  affected  its  brain,  but  when  I  killed  it  I  exam 
ined  it  carefully  and  could  find  nothing  wrong  with 
the  brain. 

Upon  examination  of  the  lungs  I  found  the  bron 
cbial  tubes  full  of  little  worms  not  larger  than  spool 
cotton  and  about  an  inch  long.  Will  you  or  some 
of  your  readers  tell  me  whether  these  worms  caused 
the  trouble,  and  if  not,  what  did  cause  it,  and  give 
me  a  remedy. 

3.  If  it  wDl  not  take  too  much  of  your  space  will 
you  please  give  briefly  the  merits  and  demerits  of 
Berkshire  and  Poland  China  and  O.  I.  G.  hogs? 

Campbell  Co.,  Va.  L.  C.  A. 

1.  This  query  seems  on  first  reading  it  to  be  an  ex- 
cellent example  of  an  Irish  bull,  but  we  realize  what 
our  friend  means.  He  has  stumps  which  will  persist 
in  sending  up  sprouts.  We  know  no  means  of  killing 
th«  se  stumps  except  either  pulling  them  out  or  blow 
ing  them  to  pieces  with  dynamite.  There  have  been 
a  number  of  methods  recommended  for  killing  such 
stumps,  such  as  boring  holes  in  them  and  filling  with 
kerosene  or  saltpeter  at  d  other  things,  but  we  have 
no  faith  in  them.  A  &Iend  of  ours  who  has  cleared  a 
large  piece  of  land  of  such  stumps  says  dynamite  is 
the  best  and  cheapest  thing  to  use. 

2.  The  worms,  we  believe,  caused  the  trouble.  Tou 
should  give  the  hogs  a  dose  of  turpentine  now  and 
again  to  kill  these  parasites. 

3.  All  these  breeds  are  good.  One  man  has  a  fancy 
for  one  and  another  a  fancy  for  the  other.  We  think 
In  a  corn  country  like  the  West  the  Poland  China  Is 
the  hog  to  keep.  He  never  tires  of  this  diet,  and  con 
sumes  an  enormous  quantity.  Where  corn  is  cheap 
and  far  from  market  this  is  the  animal  wanted.  The 
Berkshire  is  more  a  grazing  hog  and  better  adapted 
for  the  South,  where  corn  Is  high  in  price  and  other 
feeds,  like  peas,  are  plentiful,  or  should  be.  The  O.  I.  C. 
is  a  good  hog,  but  of  too  large  a  type  for  Southern  mar 
kets.  Its  color  iklso  (white)  is  against  him  for  the 
South.  A  black  hog  is  the  best  for  a  hot  climate. 
White  hogs  must  have  plenty  c  f  shade  or  the  skin  will 
burn  and  blister  In  the  hot  sun. — Ed. 


Tobacco-Q  row  i  n  g, 

I  never  see  any  method  of  plowing  and  preparing 
the  land  for  tobacco  in  your  columns  to  destroy  the 
great  "pest."  we  have— viz.,  the  "cut"  worm  and 
"  wire"  worm.  We  so  often  fail  in  making  a  good 
crop  on  account  of  not  gett  ng  a  stand  on  stubble 
land.  Some  say  plow  early  in  the  fall,  re-plow  in  the 
winter,  while  others  gay  wait  uniil  just  before  plant- 
ing time,  and  plow  while  everything  is  green.  I 
would  ask  for  advice  as  to  the  best  and  cheapest 
way  to  raise  the  greatest  number  of  pounds  per  acre, 
regardless  of  color.  I  grow  10  acres  of  tobacco,  and 
the  average  weight  is  6,000  to  7,500  lbs.  I  want  10,000 
on  a  ten  acre  lot. 

I'ittsylvania  Co..Va.  J.  w.  Giles. 

We  usually  give  each  yeer  In  the  spring  our 
views  on  the  best  way  to  make  a  tobacco  crop,  and  we 
will  do  so  in  next  month's  issue.  Winter  plowing  and 
replowing  is  of  great  service  in  getting  rid  of  cut  and 
wire  worms,  as  it  brings  them  to  the  surface,  where  the 
cold  kills  them  and  birds  eat  them.  Where  a  piece 
of  land  is  infested  with  these  pests  it  should  never  be 
planted  in  a  crop  until  an  effort  has  been  made  to  de- 
stroy them.  The  land  should  be  plowed  and  harrowed 
and  all  green  pknts  buried.  Then  buches  of  green 
clover  or  cabbage  leaves  dipped  in  a  solution  of  Paris 
green  should  be  dropped  at  short  intervals  over  the 
field.  The  worms  will  come  out  and  eat  these  and  be 
poisoned ;  or  balls  made  up  of  bran  and  mill  feed, 
mixed  with  Paris  Green,  should  be  dropped  over  the 
field.  Thfse  will  poison  the  worms,  as  they  are  fond 
of  the  feed.  With  persistence  in  this  woik,  before 
planting  the  crop  a  stand  can  be  secured. 

We  will  try  to  help  you  to  make  10,000  pounds  to 
the  10  acres,  but  cannot  say  that  you  can  certainly  do 
so.  The  first  requisite  is  better  preparation  of  the 
land  before  planting.  Begin  at  once  this  work.  See 
our  last  issue  for  remarks  on  preparation,  and  also 
this  one.  The  next  requisite  Is  more  abundant  fer- 
tilization. In  Pennsylvania  and  New  England  to- 
bacco growers  often  apply  1,000  pounds  of  high  grade 
fertilizer  to  the  acre — Ed. 


China  Tree — Corn  Breeding. 

Please  tell  me  whether  or  not  the  "China  tree"  will 
last  if  used  for  fence  posts. 

I  have  two  varieties  of  twin  corn — one  very  tall  and 
large,  the  other  very  low  and  small ;  and  I  wish  to 
breed  a  corn  that  will  twin  and  be  of  good  size,  and 
yet  not  so  tall.    Please  state  how  it  should  be  done. 

Mecklenburg  Co.,  Va.  C.  L.  Eussell, 

We  do  not  know  the  "China  tree"  by  that  name, 
and  therefore  cannot  advise  you.  Can  you  give  ua 
the  botanical  name  1    If  so,  we  can  help  you. 

If  the  two  varieties  of  corn  you  have  are  planted 
near  to  each  other  they  will  cross  polinate,  and  then 
by  selection  of  seed  from  stalks  of  the  type  you  want 
you  may  In  a  few  years  establish  a  corn  meeting  your 
requirements  and  of  fixed  type. — Ed. 


170 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAJNTEB. 


[March 


Butter  Will  Not  Come— Grass  for  Pasture- 
Sorghum. 

I  have  a  cow  from  wh  >se  milk  we  have  not  been 
able  to  get  any  batter  for  some  tia:e.  The  miik  seemi 
to  be  all  light ;  it  eonre  all  right,  bat  as  so  n  as  yon 
begin  to  chnrD  it  begins  to  foam  ;  the  more  you  churn 
it  the  worse  It  gets.  The  application  of  warm  or  cold 
water  has  no  effect  whatever.  Is  it  bef^uee  of  a  cer 
tain  stage  of  pregnancy  of  the  cow  t  Pleast  give  the 
cause  and  a  remedy. 

What  is  the  best  grass  to  sow  for  a  permanent 
pastnre,  and  what  the  beet  tin  e  to  sow,  and  how  to 
sow  itt 

Do  J  on  consider  sorghum  a  profitable  crop  for  the 
average  farmer  to  raise  1 

Scoitsville,   Va.  8.  E.  Beale. 

Why  butter  cannot  be  got  from  the  milk  is  not  al 
wajs  easy  to  account  for.  Sometimes  it  arises  from 
the  temperature  at  which  it  is  churned.  It  may  be 
too  hot  or  it  may  be  too  cold,  but  in  your  case  this 
does  not  seem  to  be  the  cause,  as  jou  say  neither 
warming  nor  cooling  affects  it.  Sometimes  it  arises 
from  the  manner  of  feeding  the  cow,  but  more  fre 
quently  it  arises  from  a  condition  of  health,  brought 
about  by  pregnancy  or  from  the  cow  having  been 
very  long  calven.  We  would  try  varying  the  tem 
perature  at  which  the  milk  is  churned.  If  the  cow  is 
advanced  in  pregnancy  let  her  go  dry,  and  when  she 
calves  again  her  milk  will  probably  be  all  right  again. 
We  know  of  no  positive  remedy  for  the  trouble. 

See  our  last  issue  as  to  grasses  for  a  permanent  pas- 
ture. 

We  think  highly  of  sorghum  as  a  forage  crop,  and 
every  farmer  should  grow  it. — Ed. 


Watermelons. 

I  would  like  instructions  as  to  the  best  mode  of 
growing  watermelons.  The  land  I  propose  putting  in 
melons  was  in  peas  last  year,  and  the  vines  were  left 
on  the  land.  How  should  I  proceed t  The  land  lle« 
gently  to  the  south. 

Botetourt  Co.,  Va.  J.  W.  Smilet. 

We  wiU  give  full  instructions  on  this  subject  in  a 
later  issue.  Meanwhile  plow  the  pea-vines  down  and 
g«t  the  land  into  good  condition  for  planting. — Ed. 


Wood  Ashes  for  Irish  Potatoes, 

In  your  next  issue,  will  you  tell  how  to  use  wood 
ashes  on  Irish  potatoes. 

Alexandria  Co.,  Va.  C.  R.  HoFF. 

Either  sow  broadcast  on  the  land  if  you  have  suffi- 
cient to  cover  the  field,  or,  if  in  lees  quantity,  sow  in 
the  rows  and  mix  with  the  soil  by  running  a  cultiva 
tor  through  before  planting  the  sets.  They  only  pro- 
vide potash  for  the  crop.  Phosphoric  acid  and  nitro- 
gen should  be  supplied  also.  See  our  article  on  Work 
for  the  Month  in  Garden  Department  for  a  complete 
I>otato  fertilizer. — Ed. 


Alfalfa. 

I  have  three  acres  of  good  rerf  land  on  which  I  wish 
to  sow  alfalfa  this  spring.  P.ease  inform  me  what 
time  to  BOW  it;  anddoesit  suit  this  climate  bfst  to  sow 
it  in  the  spring  or  f  Jl  t 

H.  R.  May. 

Sow  the  alfalfa  in  the  fall— say  Augnst  or  Septem- 
ber. Spend  this  spring  anri  summer  in  preparing  the 
land  for  the  crop.  It  requires  the  land  to  be  deeply 
broken,  finely  cultivated  and  made  rich.  When  the 
land  is  in  fine  condition — eay  in  Jane — apply  300  or 
400  lbs  of  acid  phosphate  and  50  lbs.  of  muriate  of 
potash  to  the  acre.  Then  seed  witli  cow  peas  a  bushel 
or  a  bushel  and  a  half  to  the  acre.  This  should  make 
a  heavy  crop  and  smother  all  weeds.  Cut  for  hay  in 
August,  and  then  prepare  the  surface  soil  finely  with 
a  disc  harrow,  and  work  in  500  lbs.  of  bone  meal  to 
the  acre.  Sow  I'l  to  20  lbs.  of  alfalfa  seed  to  the  acre 
and  cover  with  smoothing  harrow,  and  roll. — Ed. 


Crimson  Clover  in  Cow- Peas  and  Kaffir  Corn. 

Will  you  be  so  kind  as  to  tell  me  in  the  Planter  how 
it  would  do  to  seed  Crimson  clover  with  aw  peas  and 
kaffir  corn,  as  I  expect  to  mow  the  peas  or  feed  and 
not  turn  under  T  X.  Y.  Z. 

Lynchburg,  Va. 

We  have  known  Crimson  clover  to  be  successfully 
sown  in  cowpeas  and  corn.  Much,  depends,  how- 
ever, on  the  thickness  of  the  cow-pea  crop.  If  very 
h«avy,  the  Crimson  clover  is  apt  to  be  smothered  out 
Sow  the  clover  about  July  or  August.  —Ed. 


Beans  for  Name. 

Enclosed  find  beans.  Please  give  me  name  of  them, 
and  what  they  are  good  for.  H.  T.  Nuckols. 

Buckingham  Co.,Va. 

We  cannot  identify  the  beans.  They  look  like  a 
large  variety  of  Pole  or  L.ma  beans,  but  may  be  the 
seed  of  some  other  legume,  or  possib-y  of  soma 
wild  plant.  If  we  had  seen  them  in  England,  we 
should  bave  said  that  they  were  White  Broad  beans, 
but  this  bean  does  not  grow  here. — Ed. 


Cow-Pea  and  Sorghum  Ensilag^e. 

Will  you  kindly  advise  me  in  the  next  issue  of  your 
journal  whether  or  not  cow  peas  and  sorghum,  growTi 
together  and  put  in  silo  together,  will  make  an  ensi- 
bge  that  will  keep  as  well  as  corn  ensilage? 

Princess  Anne  Co.,  Va.  BuBTB  C.  Hanibs. 

Yes.— Ed. 


Lump  Jaw. 
I  have  a  nice  Jersey  heifer  about  three  years  old 
which  has  Inii  p  jaw.    Will  you  please  tell  me  what  is 
the  beet  treatment  T  Subsceiber. 

In  this  issue  you  will  find  a  remedy  for  this  disease 
advertised  by  a  well  known  reliable  firm.  The  address 
of  the  maker  is  Fleming  Bros.,  22  Union  Stock  Yards, 
Chicago.— Ed. 


i»o3.] 


THE  80UTHBEN  PLAliTrBE. 


171 


Trucking,  Garden  and  Orchard. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH. 

The  month  of  February  has  been  80  unfavorable  for 
•work  in  the  £;arden  and  truck  field  that  little  of  the 
work  snggested  for  that  month  can  possibly  have  been 
done.  This  means  that  two  months'  work  will  have  to 
be  crowded  into  one,  and  the  planting  of  many  crops 
will  have  to  be  delayed.  As  soon  a^  the  land  is  dry 
«nough  to  haul  on,  get  out  manure  and  have  it  spread 
and  plowed  in  and  set  the  harrow  to  work  fitting  the 
land  for  the  crops.  Both  manure  and  commercial  fer 
tUizer  are  better  applied  some  time  before  the  plant 
ing  of  the  crops.  They  become  better  fitted  to  supply 
the  needs  of  the  crops,  and  by  frequent  working  of 
the  soil  become  better  assimilated  with  it  and  their 
plant  food  more  available.  In  supplying  manure  and 
fertilizers,  do  not  economize  on  the  quantity  or  qual 
Ity.  To  succeed  in  growing  fine  vegetables,  there 
must  be  a  very  abundant  supply  of  available  food,  so 
ae  to  force  the  growth.  Unless  vegetables  are  grown 
quickly  they  are  not  tender  and  succulent,  and  hence 
will  not  command  the  best  price  or  be  acceptable  on 
the  table. 


Baglish  peas  do  not  require  the  soil  to  be  overrich, 
or  they  will  run  too  much  to  vine.  A  piece  of  land 
manuied  for  potatoes  last  year  makes  an  excellent 
place  for  peas.  If  the  land  is  not  rich  enough,  use 
acid  phosphate  at  the  rate  of  300  lbs.  and  50  lbs.  of 
muriate  of  potash  to  the  acre,  and  after  the  peas  have 
commenced  to  grow  freely,  give  a  light  top  dressing  of 
nitrate  of  soda,  say  50  lbs.  to  the  acre,  when  the  plants 
are  dry.     Sow  in  broad  rows  three  feet  apart. 

Kale,  spinach  and  salad  crops,  like  lettuce  and  rad- 
ishes,  may  be  sown  in  the  latter  part  of  the  month. 


Irish  potatoes  and  English  peas  should  be  planted 
as  soon  as  the  land  can  be  got  into  good  order. 


Irish  potatoes  require  plenty  of   available  plant 
food,  and  this  is  best  supplied  by  commercial  ferti 
liters,  as  farm  yard  manure  is  very  apt  to  induce  scab. 
In  planting  the  crop,  be  careful  not  to  plant  on  land 
where  scabby  potatoes  were  grown  last  year,  as  the 
spores  of  the  disease  will  have  infected  the  land  and 
the  crop  will  be  sure  to  become  infested  with  the  dis 
ease.     Also  be  careful  to  see  that  seed  is  free  from 
scab,  or  the  same  trouble  will  arise.     If  there  is  any 
indication  of  scab  on  the  sets,  they  should  be  soaked 
in  corrosive  sublimate  solution  (2  ounces  of  sublimate 
to  16  ounces  of    water)   for  an   hour  before  being 
planted.     A  good  fertilizer  for  Irish  potatofs  can  be 
made  up  of  300  1  bs.  of  nitrate  of  soda,  600  lbs.  cotton 
seed  meal  or  fish  scrap,  800  lbs.  of  acid  phosphate, 
and  300  lbs.  of  muriate  of  potash ;  or  one  of  the  special 
potato  fertilizers  put  up  by  manufacturers  can  be  used. 
Apply  at  the  rate  of  500  to  1,500  lbs.  to  the  acre.     II 
not  more  than  500  lbs.  is  used,  this  may  be  put  in  the 
row  and  be  well  mixed  with  the  soil  before  planting 
the  sets.     If  more  than  500  lbs.  is  used,  apply  broad 
cast  aadiharrow  in.     Cat  the  sets  so  as  to  have  two 
eyes  at  least  on  each  piece,  and  i,lant  as  soon  as  cut. 
Plant  15  inches  apart  in  the  row  and  the  rows  two  feet 
six  inches  apart.     Cover  with  six  inches  of  soil  to  be 
raked  down  to  four  inches  before  the  plants  come 
through. 


Fall  planted  cabbage  should  be  encouraged  to  grow 
by  cultivating  the  land  as  soon  as  dry  enough,  and 
after  they  have  started  a  top  dressing  of  nitrate  of 
soda  will  greatly  help  them.  A  test  of  the  use  of 
nitrate  of  soda  on  cabbage  made  in  North  Carolina 
gave  the  following  results :  "When  no  nitrate  of  soda 
was  used  there  was  a  yield  of  but  910  prime  heads  of 
cabbage  per  acre,  showing  that  the  ground  itself  was 
'poor.'  When  300  lbs.  of  the  nitrate  was  applied  per 
acre  on  the  same  sort  of  land  in  two  equal  dressings, 
the  number  of  prime  heads  obtained  was  3,260.  When 
the  same  amount  was  applied  in  three  equal  dressings, 
the  yield  of  prime  heads  per  acre  was  6,390.  On  the 
plat  which  had  received  400  lbs.  of  nitrate  of  soda  per 
acre  in  two  equal  dressings,  the  yield  was  4,160  prime 
heads  per  acre,  and  when  the  same  amount  was  ap- 
plied in  three  equal  dressings,  7,580  prime  heads  were 
obtained  per  acre."  Harden  off  cabbage  plants  raif  ed 
in  frames  during  the  winter  and  set  out  as  soon  as  the 
weather  is  mild  and  the  ground  fit. 


In  this  issue  will  be  found  instructions  for  making 
a  hot  bed  and  raising  plants  therein.  This  should 
have  attention  at  once. 


Strawberries  should  be  cultivated  as  soon  as  the 
ground  is  dry  enough  to  encourage  growth,  and  if  not 
looking  vigorous  and  healthy  in  a  week  after  cultiva- 
ting, give  a  top  dressing  made  up  of  100  lbs.  of  nitrate 
of  soda,  50  lbs.  of  muriate  of  potash,  and  260  lbs.  of 
acid  phosphate  per  acre,  and  work  in  with  the  culti- 
vator.    Apply  the  dressing  when  the  plants  are  dry. 


The  pruning  of  all  fruit  trees  and  vines  should  be 
completed  as  soon  as  possible  before  the  sap  begins  to 
be  active. 


When  correaponding  with  advertiBen,  kindly  k«b- 
tioB  the  8iftk4m  FkuU*r. 


172 


THE  BOUTHERN  PLANTBB. 


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174 


THE  80UTHEBN  PLAirTEE. 


[March 


NOTES  ON  VARIETIES  OF  APPLES  AT  THE 
AGRICULTURAL  EXPERIHENT  STATION, 
BLACKSBURQ,  VA. 

[Excerpt  from  Bdllbtin  130.] 
[Continued  from  February  number,  1903.] 
Editor  Southern  Planter  : 

Albemarle  Pippin  — While  this  name  is  not  recog 
nized  in  the  standard  lists,  as  a  variety,  it  seems  to  us 
quite  clear  that  the  type  of  tree,  and  in  certain  char- 
acteristics the  fruit,  have  departed  suflBciently  from 
the  old  Newtown  Pippin  as  grown  in  the  North,  to  at 
least  warrant  position  as  a  subvariety.  The  trees,  cer 
tainly,  show  considerable  differentiation,  and  there  is 
some  slight  diflference  in  regard  to  fruiting  habit  and 
in  size  and  shape  of  the  fruits,  as  grown  upon  the  Ex 
periment  Station  grounds  here. 

It  is  a  vigorous  grower,  forming  a  strong,  upright, 
moderately  spreading  head,  thus  far,  making  long 
wood  growth,  very  much  branched.  Trunk  26  inches 
in  circumference  at  base,  and  also  averaging  same  at 
head.  Thus  far,  this  variety  has  not  blighted  here  to 
notice,  and  maintains  a  very  healthy  appearance. 

The  trees  bloomed  in  1895,  six  years  after  planting, 
and  have  set  a  few  fruits  annually,  since  1895,  bur 
there  has  not  been  enough  at  any  time  to  mention  as 
a  crop.  The  general  character  of  the  fruit  is  so  well 
known  that  it  does  not  need  particular  description, 
but  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  on  this  soil,  which  is 
distinctly  not  suited  to  Pippins,  the  variety  becomes 
rather  more  elongate  than  ordinarily,  and  shows  the 
ridges  around  the  eye,  characteristic  of  Oregon  Pip 
pins,  but  the  fruits  are  not  so  large.  The  fruit  shows 
a  strong  tendency  to  scab,  and  is  also  attacked  by 
bitter  rot.  In  1901,  eight  well  grown  trees  yielded 
133  bushels  of  fruit,  of  which  6J  bushels  might  have 
been  reckoned  as  approaching  near  to  first  class  fruit. 

Experimenta  are  under  way  to  determine  whether 
we  can  make  this  variety  jl^ld  good  commercial  fruit 
on  heavy  clay  soil.  In  a  previous  Bulletin,  No.  98,  of 
the  Station  series,  I  have  discussed  the  soils  to  which 
this  variety  is  adapted.  It  is  so  well  knosvn  that  this 
tree  is  a  shy  bearer  until  it  reaches  a  good  age,  that 
further  notes  in  regard  to  it  are  hardly  necessary. 

Lawver  (Delaware  Red  Winter).— A  fairly  well 
known  variety  of  Missouri  origin.  Tree  only  fairly 
vigorous,  forms  a  round,  spreading  top  of  good  form. 
Trunk  measures  in  circumference  at  base,  26  inches, 
and  at  head,  22  inches.  The  tree  is  fairly  healthy 
and  free  from  blight  here ;  but  the  fruit  has  been 
more  or  less  subject  to  bitter  rot  at  this  place. 

The  first  bloom  was  noted  in  189-t,  a  few  fruits  were 
produced  in  1895.  and  in  1897  the  tiee  bore  very  well, 
furnishing  fine  specimen?,  free  from  diseasp;  in  1899 
the  trees  bore  a  fair  crop,  and  also  in  190 L  This 
variety  cannot  be  co-nmended  eepeeiaily  for  it«  be 
havior  here,  but  in  soil  adapted  to  Pippins  and  Wine 
saps,  I  have  known  it  to  do  remarkably  well,  and  it 
is  worthy  of  trial  in  a  small  way  in  such  situations. 

Winenap  —One  of  the  very  best  known  varieties  of 
red  apples  grown  in  America  ;  of  New  Jersey  origin, 
and  generally  disseminated  over  the  Eastern  United 
States.  The  tree,  on  proper  soil,  is  a  vieorous  grower, 
but  unless  pruned  carefully  to  a  central  stem,  the 
head  becomes  very  procumbent,   giving  it  an  ugly 


form.  It  is  quite  free  from  blight,  and  the  foli-ige 
not  particularly  subject  to  fungous  diseases.  At  this 
time  the  tree  measures  here,  25  inches  in  circumfer- 
ence at  base  and  2.3  at  head. 

The  first  bloom  was  noted  In  1893,  and  the  first  fruit 
in  1895;  in  1897,  a  light  crop  was  borne,  and  in  1899j 
a  crop  averaging  three  bushels  per  tree  ;  in  1901,  the 
crop  averaged  six  bushels  per  tree;  but  on  this  soil  the 
fiuit  is  very  small,  poorly  colored  and  badly  attacked 
by  the  common  apple  scab;  bitter  rot  has  not  been 
noted  on  the  fruit,  chougb  it  stands  adjacent  to  Ben 
Davis,  which  is  badly  attacked.  The  character  and 
quality  of  fruit  are  too  well  known  to  need  descrip- 
tion. As  a  red  apple  of  market  grade,  it  has  no- 
superior  on  those  soils  which  produce  fine,  clean  fruifc 
of  good  size.  It,  however,  is  illy  adapted  to  th* 
heavy  clay  soils  or  moist  situations 

Arkansas  (Mammoth  Black  Twig). — This  variety 
has  but  recently  become  generally  disseminated,  and 
is  not  yet  known  as  a  commercial  sort  in  the  markets 
to  any  extent.  It  is  said  to  have  originated  in  Ar- 
kansas, and  few  aoples  ha.ve  been  more  discussed  re- 
cently th»n  it.  The  tree  is  a  strong,  vigorous  grower, 
entirely  healthy,  free  from  blight  and  fungous  disease; 
trunk  measures  28  inches  in  circumference  at  base, 
25  at  head.  This  tree  is  said  to  be  a  seedling  of  Wine- 
sap,  and  in  some  respects  reminds  one  of  the  Winesap^ 
in  appearance  of  wood,  yet  its  growth  habit  is  dis- 
tinctly different  and  be'ter  than  the  Winesap. 

This  variety  showed  the  first  bloom  in  1894,  five 
years  after  planting,  and  bore  a  few  fruits  in  1895, 
also  in  1897,  but  showed  up  better  in  1899;  in  1901,  it 
bore  a  very  heavy  crop,  twelve  bushels  of  very  fair 
fruit  bf  ing  picked  from  one  tree,  of  which  90  per  cent, 
graded  drst  claPS.  The  size  and  color,  however,  were 
not  up  to  the  standard  of  this  variety  in  better  fiuIt 
soils  than  ours.  The  fruit  is  roundish,  oblate,  regu- 
lar, much  larger  than  Winesap,  and  of  a  dull  reddish 
color,  nothing  like  so  precty  as  Winesap.  The  quality 
is  also  below  Winesap,  but  distinctly  better  than  York 
Impel  ial.  It  promises  to  be  a  good  keeper  in  thi» 
latitude.  The  fruit  has  been  thus  far  entirely  frte 
from  scab  and  bit  er  rot,  except  on  one  occasion  it 
showed  some  slight  attack  of  the  latter.  This  variety 
is  mentioned  as  a  promising  cosmopolitan  apple  on  all 
of  our  good  fruit  soils,  and  it  will  probably  be  far  lesa 
attacked  by  blight  than  York  Imperial. 

Gano.—A  supposed  seedling  of  Ben  Davis,  dissem- 
inated from  Tennessee,  and  by  many  thoaght  to  to» 
clo&ely  resemble  Ben  Davis  to  warrant  separate  variety 
position.  The  true  Gano  is,  however,  dls'inct  from 
Ben  Davis  in  character  of  tree,  and  also  to  a  less  ex- 
tent in  character  of  fruit,  and  has  distinct  claims  as  a 
variety.  At  this  place  it  is  a  strong  grower,  forming 
an  upright,  slightly  spreading  head,  with  well  devel- 
oped wood.  Tae  trunk  is  31  inches  in  circumference 
at  base  and  28  inches  at  head. 

This  variety  bloomed  first  in  1893,  and  produced  a 
fair  crop  for  the  size  of  the  trees  in  1895  and  a  heavy 
crop  in  1897;  in  1899,  the  crop  was  injured  by  bitter 
rot.  and  only  about  three  or  four  bushels  picked  per 
tree ;  in  1901,  a  crop  of  8}  bushels  per  tree  wa» 
picked,  which  was  quite  free  from  disease  except 
slight  attack  of  scab.  The  fruit  is  round,  ovate, 
larger  than  Ben  Davis,  more  distinctly  washed  with 
red  and  quite  blighter  in  appearance.  The  quality 
is  almost  or  quite  identical  with  Ben  Davis ;  some- 


1903 


THE  SOUriiBRN  FLAMTEB 


176 


times  one  thinks  there  is  a  slight  difference  in  favor 
of  Gano,  bat  it  is  very  slight  indeed.  This  variety  as 
a  filler  for  an  early  bearer  is,  in  our  es  imation,  quite 
superior  to  Ben  Davis,  but  it  is  quite  true  that  in 
many  cases  Ben  Davis  is  sold  for  Gino,  and  the  oppo 
site  may  also  be  true. 

Via. — A.  little  known  variety  of origin. 

Though  it  appears  to  be  an  old  variety,  it  has  gained 
very  little  notice,  and  is  rarely  found  in  cultivation; 
here  it  has  shown  some  remarkable  qualities.  The 
tree  is  a  fairly  good  grower,  not  large,  forming  a  well 
rounded  spreading  head.  The  trunk  measures  23 
inches  in  circumference  at  base  and  21  a*}  head.  It  is 
quite  free  from  blight  and  fungnns  diseases. 

First  bloom  wa^  noted  in  1893  and  the  trees  bore 
heavily  in  1895,  six  years  after  planting.  Pull  crop? 
were  borne  in  1897  and  1899,  the  latter  jear  three 
bushels  per  tree.  In  1901,  ttie  trees  bore  six  bushels 
each,  which  for  their  size  is  a  very  heavy  crop 
About  90  per  cent,  of  this  crop  was  fiists.  In  the  off 
years,  there  is  ordinarily  a  light  crop  produced.  The 
fruit  is  roundish,  oblate,  a  dull  red  in  color,  of  fine 
appearance.  The  quality  is  medium  to  good,  and  the 
season  is  early  winter.  This  fiuit  ought  to  cold  store 
well,  and  thus  become  a  very  profitable  sort  because 
of  its  great  productiveness.  The  size  of  the  tree  and 
its  early  bearirg  habit,  renders  it  valuable  as  a  filler; 
and  this,  coupled  with  irs  freedom  from  disease  both 
in  fruit  and  tree,  leads  us  to  commend  it  for  this  pur 
pose.  In  the  warmer  parts  of  Virginia,  it  will  prove 
a  fall  apple,  and  prompt  cold  storage  will  be  necessary 
to  carry  it  into  winter. 

Wm.  B    Alwood, 

Dec.  20,  1902.  Horticulturist. 

[to  be  continued.] 


GARDEN  AND  ORCHARD  NOTES. 

Editor  Southern  Planter : 

The  farmer  should  have  a  hot  bed  to  start  early 
garden  plants  in.  Commence  making  OLe  now.  Se 
lect  a  location  wich  good  drainage  and  sloping  towards 
the  south.  If  the  location  have  some  protection  from 
the  cold  north  winds,  it  is  much  more  desirable. 

A  bed  nine  feet  long  and  six  feet  wide  will  usnall 
be  ample  for  ordinary  purposes.  la  such  a  bed 
enough  tomato  seed  can  be  germinated  for  two  a^res. 
But  to  carry  this  many  plants  through,  a  cold  frame 
is  also  necessary,  into  which  the  young  plants  may  be 
transplanted  when  aboat  one  and  a  half  inches  high. 

For  the  hot  bed,  excavate  the  ground  to  a  depth  of 
about  three  feet,  and  throw  the  dirt  on  the  north  side 
of  the  bed  for  protection  against  cold  north  winds. 
Plank  up  the  sides  of  the  bed  and  make  the  north  side 
at  least  six  irches  higher  than  the  south  side,  so  that 
water  will  run  off  the  glass  readily. 

Place  cross  pieces  of  2  x  4  inch  material  at  intervals 
of  three  feet  to  make  the  bed  more  substantial,  and 
also  for  the  sash  to  meet  over.  Good  stobs  of  2  x  4 
inch  material  should  be  driven  into  the  ground  even 
with  the  side  walls  of  the  bed,  and  to  which  the  plank 


should  be  nailed.  If  all  wooden  parts  are  given  a  good 
coat  of  paint  before  they  are  put  in  place,  they  wiU 
last  much  longer. 

The  bed  is  now  ready  for  the  heating  material.  This 
should  be  good,  fresh  stable  manure.  Fill  the  bed  up 
to  eighteen  inches  with  it.  Now,  to  st  rt  ferm«nta 
tion  evenly,  tramp  the  material  down  and  make  it 
moist,  but  not  too  wet.  Fork  it  over  once  or  twice 
at  intervals  anid  retramp. 

When  the  temperature  CDmes  down  to  about  95  de- 
grees, fill  in  with  six  inches  of  very  rich  loam  soil. 
Rotted  sods  mixed  with  about  one  half  good  wood's 
earth  make  a  good  hot  bed  soil.  The  soil  should  be 
run  through  a  coarse  sieve  before  putting  it  in  place. 
The  sash  should  now  be  put  on  for  several  days  to  give 
Che  weed  seed  time  to  germinate,  and  also  to  keep  out 
water  from  drenching  rains.  Hot  bed  sash  can  usually 
be  purchased  for  about  $2  50  apiece.  The  bed  is  now 
ready  to  sow.  Take  a  stick  as  long  as  the  width  of 
the  bed  and  press  it  into  the  soil,  sow  the  seeds  in  the 
depression  and  cover  them  lightly.  Sprinkle  some 
fine  sand  over  the  rows  to  keep  the  soil  from  baking 
above  the  seeds. 

The  surface  of  the  soil  should  be  kept  moist,  but 
not  too  wet.  Take  one  part  sulphur  and  ten  parte 
slaked  lime,  mix  well,  then  make  the  soil  appear 
nearly  white  with  it  to  prevent  fungus  diseases  from  in- 
juring the  young  plants.  Give  the  bed  good  ventilation 
during  fair  weather.  It  is  a  good  rule  to  give  enough 
ventilation  during  the  day  to  keep  moisture  from  set- 
tlii  g  on  the  under  side  of  the  glass.  However,  if  the 
weather  is  very  cold,  great  care  must  be  exercised  in 
ventilating.  The  most  critical  time  is  when  the  young 
tender  plants  are  coming  through.  How  to  manage  a 
hot  bed  correctly  must  be  learned  from  experience. 

The  joung  plants  must  be  lept  thinned  out  and 
given  one  or  more  transplantings  to  keep  ihem  from 
spindling  up  too  much.  This  senteuce  does  not  ap- 
ply to  sweet  potato  beds,  since  ve  want  such  plants  to 
be  about  six  inches  high. 

The  tubers  for  sweet  potato  plants  should  be  selected 
with  the  greatest  care.  No  disease  of  any  kind  should 
appear  on  them,  since  disease  producing  spores  will 
get  onto  the  plants  and  may  seriously  afifect  the  crop. 
I  have  frequently  been  successful  in  preventing  all 
diseases,  except  soft  rot,  from  injuring  m>  sweet  po- 
tato crops  by  selecting  clean  tabers  for  the  hot  bed. 
Spores  of  soft  rot  fungus  appear  in  the  atmosphere, 
and  frequently  do  seiious  damage  to  the  crop  when 
carelessly  harvested. 

I  may  treat  this  subject  more  exhaustively  at  the 
time  of  harvest.  Plant  a  gooii  crop  of  this  most  ex 
cellent  vegetable.  Those  who  may  desire  an  ex- 
haustive treatise  upon  nearly  all  phases  of  sweet  po- 
tato growin?  and  storing,  are  referred  to  my  book 
upon  the  subject,  as  space  will  not  permit  a  full  dis- 
cussion here.  R    H.  Peice. 

Montgomery  Co.  Va. 


176 


THB  SOUTHERN  PT.ANTTgR. 


[March 


WORK  IN  THE  STRAWBERRY   PATCH. 

Editor  Southern  Planter : 

The  great  planting  season  is  now  at  hand  at  the 
South,  trending  northward  as  the  ground  thaws.  For 
fully  three -fourths  of  the  planting  of  berry  plants  in 
this  country  is  done  in  late  winter  and  early  spring 
For  many  reasons  it  should  be  disposed  of  as  early  as 
practicable.  Done  now  it  competes  little  with  the 
pressing  work  to  come  later.  It  can  be  done  better 
whUe  there  is  no  rush,  then  in  a  climate  that  admits  of 
It  the  winter  is  the  safest  season  to  transplant  all  fruit 
trees  and  berry  plants.  They  are  then  in  a  dormant 
state  and  it  is  as  hard  not  to  get  a  stand  as  to  get  one 
later  on  when  the  sun  gets  hot  and  parches  the 
ground  hard. 

For  field  culture  of  strawberries  set  plants  in  rows 
three  feet  apart.  The  distance  apart  in  the  row  de 
pends  on  whether  the  stool  system  or  the  matted  row 
systeTi  is  to  be  followed.  For  nearly  all  varieties  the 
Btool  or  hill  system  is  the  simplest,  most  profitable  and 
in  the  long  run  the  cheapest.  For  hills  we  set 
plants  fifteen  to  eighteen  inches  apart  in  the  row, 
according  as  the  vaiiety  is  a  rank  grower  or  not.  For 
thin  matted  rows,  the  only  matted  row  at  all  ad  visa 
ble,  plant  two  feet  apart. 

The  quantity  of  manure  allowable  will  also  depend 
entirely  on  how  it  is  applied.  If  broadcastei^i  and  thor- 
oughly mingled  with  the  soil  an  almost  unlimited 
quantity  can  be  used.  If  to  be  applied  in  the  drill, 
judgment  must  be  used  not  to  overdo  the  thing  and 
bring  too  much  manure  in  immediate  contact  with 
the  plant  roots. 

We  have  often  broadcasted  one  hundred  loads  of 
stable  manure  an  acre,  or  in  lieu  of  this  applied  in  the 
same  way  two  tons  of  cotton-seed  meal.  Both  of  these 
manures  being  highly  nitrogenous  and  tending  to 
greatly  stimulate  plant  growth  at  the  expense  of  fruit. 
It  is  always  best  to  apply  the  following  fall  as  a  top 
dressing  a  liberal  quantity  of  potash  and  phosphoric 
acid  ;  the  first  in  the  form  of  sulphate  of  potash  and 
the  latter  in  the  form  of  acid  phosphate  or  dissolved 
bone. 

Where  manuring  is  to  be  confined  to  the  drill,  500  to 
700  pounds  cotton  seed  meal  to  the  acre,  evenly  sown 
and  mlxf»d  with  the  soil  by  running  a  cultivator,  har 
row  or  plow  lightly  down  the  furrow  is  beat.  Lacking 
the  cotton-seed  meal,  any  fertilizer  rich  in  ammonia 
will  answer.  What  is  desired  is  to  promote  a  steady, 
vigorous  plant  growth.  The  fruit  producing  proper 
ties  of  manure,  potash  and  phosphoric  acid,  should  be 
applied  the  following  fall,  winter  or  early  spring,  as  a 
top  dressing. 

More  depends  on  the  proper  setting  of  a  strawberry 
plant,  or  any  kind  of  plant  or  tree  than  most  people 


can  be  led  to  believe.  If  the  roots  of  the  strawberry 
plant  are  very  long,  it  is  best,  though  not  essential,  to 
trim  them  back  to  about  four  inches.  The  holes  should 
be  opened  broad  and  deep  enough  to  admit  of  the 
roots  being  spread  fan  shaped,  and  the  earth  should 
be  pressed  firmly  around  them.  The  pioper  depth  to 
set  a  plant  or  tree  of  any  kind  is  the  depth  that  na- 
ture set  them.  Observe  and  discover  this  when  you 
dig  them  up. 

In  a  garden  bed  strawberry  plants  can  be  set  in 
rows  fifteen  inches  apart  with  the  plants  fifteen  Inches 
apart  in  the  row.  Bat  between  each  series  of  three 
rows  there  must  be  left  an  alley  or  walk  two  feet 
wide.  All  runners  must,  of  course,  be  kept  closely 
clipped  from  plants  set  this  way,  and,  indeed,  from 
all  plants  grown  in  the  stool  or  hill  system. 

Dewberry  plants  should  be  set  six  feet  apart.  A 
good  plan  is  to  run  the  rows  six  feet  apart  and  then 
cross  them  at  right  angles  with  jows  the  same  dis- 
tance apart.  Eight  in  the  check,  where  the  cross 
comes,  the  plant  can  be  set,  spreading  out  the  roots 
well.  Easpberries,  blackberries,  and  grapevines  can 
all  be  set  this  way.  Plants  or  vines  set  this  way  can 
be  plowed  both  ways,  and  hoe  work  almost  entirely 
dispensed  with  in  cultivating  the  crop. 

A  good  way  to  apply  manure  or  fercilizer  to  plants 
set  this  way  is  to  drill  it  in  the  open  furrow  on  the 
four  sides  of  the  plant  and  cover  with  earth.  About 
the  same  manure  can  be  used  on  the  dewberries,  black- 
berries and  grapfs  as  on  the  straw  oeiries. 

KUtrell,  N.  G.  O.  W.  Blacknai-l. 


SPRAYING  FRUIT  TREES  AND  VEGETABLE 
CROPS. 

In  this  issue  will  be  found  a  Spray  Calendar  giving 
instructions  for  the  treatment  of  trees  and  vegetables 
infested  with  disease  or  insect  pests,  and  also  for  the 
preparation  of  the  fungicides  and  insecticides  re- 
quired. In  our  advertising  columrs  will  be  found  the 
advertisements  of  numerous  makers  of  spray  pumps. 


SAN  JOSE  SCALE. 

The  Virginia  Experiment  Station  (Blaeksburg,  Va.) 
has  prepared  and  is  now  issuing  a  bulletin  on  the  best 
treatment  for  destroying  this  pernicious  and  deadly 
enemy  of  apple  pear,  plum  and  peach  trees.  If  yon 
have  not  received  a  copy,  write  for  one  at  once,  as  in- 
fested trees  should  receive  the  first  treatment  before 
the  buds  begin  to  push. 


PECAN  NUTS.      . 

Mr.  Pendleton,  who  wrote  on  this  subject  in  our 
January  issue,  asks  us  to  say  that  he  has  neither  trees 
nor  nuts  for  sale.  He  has  received  many  enquiries 
for  same. 


1903.] 


THE  80UTHBEN  PI1A.NTBB. 


177 


Live  Stock  and   Dairy. 


HEREFOEDS  AT  ANNEFIELD,  CLARKE  CO..  VA. 


Prince  Rupert. 

Prince  Rupert,  No.  79539,  sire  Beau  Donald, 
58996,  by  Beau  Brnmmel,  51817,  out  of  Donna, 
33735,  dam  Sallie  Morton,  No.  44785,  sire  Roscoe, 
16509,  dam  Loyala  3d,  17683,  first  attracted  attention 
when  a  yearling  by  winning  first  premiums  over  all 
beef  breeds  at  several  Missouri  fairs.  In  1901  as  an 
aged  bull,  he  won  first  premium  at  the  big  Lexington 
{Ky.)  Fair,  and  the  same  year  won  sweepstakes  over 
all  aged  bulls  at  the  Royal  Show  of  America  at  Kan 
sas  City.  In  1902,  he  start  d  again  at  Lexingt  n,  win 
ning  second  in  his  class  and  first  at  the  head  of  his 
herd,  at  L  iwrenceburg,  Ky.  He  won  over  all  beef 
breeds  first  in  class  and  first  at  the  head  of  his  herd 
At  the  Ohio  State  Fair,  he  won  first  in  class  first  at 
head  of  herd,  also  at  the  head  of  his  herd  he  won 
sweepstakes  over  all  beef  breeds.  At  the  West  Vir 
ginia  State  Fair  he  won  first  in  class  and  first  at  the 
head  of  his  herd,  and  at  the  same  place,  wifh  the  as 
sistance  of  hie  family,  the  Bean  and  Belle  Donalds, 
won  the  get  of  a  siie  which  was  the  largest  cash  Here 
ford  premium  paid  in  America  in  1902.  We  congrat 
ulate  Mr.  E.  G.  Butler  on  having  secured  so  fine  a 
specimen  of  the  Hereford  breed  to  head  his  herd. 


Wood  Ashes  for  Qrass  Land. 

Will  yon  tell  me  in  yonr  next  issue  the  best  way  to 
apply  ashes  to  grass  as  a  t  op  dressing  1 

Alexandria  Co. ,  Va.  C.  R.  HoOFF. 

Sow  broadcast  by  hand. — Ed. 


HEREFORDS  AT  CASTALIA,  ALBEMARLE 
COUNTY,  VA. 

Editor  Southern  Planter  : 

I  am  glad  to  say  that  my  present  lot  of  calves  and 
yearlings  are  the  best  I  ever  had,  and  in  the  best  con- 
dition. It  is  worth  a  visit  to  Castalia  to  see  them,  and 
no  buj  er  can  afiford  to  overlook  this  opportunity  to 
buy  cattle  at  home  which  are  as  good  as  can  be  found 
anywhere  at  a  distance,  and  at  prices  which  are  ex- 
tremely low  for  value  received. 

I  have  shipped  Hereford  bulls  from  the  Castalia 
herd  to  over  a  dozen  States,  but  Virginia  leads  them 
all  in  the  number  purchased;  and  I  look  for  a  still 
better  demand  here,  as  farmers  begin  to  realize  the 
real  value  of  good  cattle  to  make  the  farm  pay,  and 
especially  Hereford  cattle,  which  are  the  best  adapted 
of  all  breeds  for  the  South. 

My  recent  visit  to  Herefordshire,  England,  con- 
firmed the  opinion  formed  before  I  decided  on  Here- 
fords,  that  the  climate  and  soil  conditions  of  Hereford- 
shire are  more  like  those  of  Virginia  than  any  other 
part  of  England;  and  thus  it  is  only  natural  that  the 
Hereford  should  thrive  well  on  Virginia  pastures  when 
transferred  from  his  native  heath. 

So  it  is  that  Imported  Salisbury  76059  (19083),  the 
chief  stock  sire  at  Castalia,  found  in  the  salubrious 
climate  of  Albemarle  a  home  so  much  like  that  of  his 
birthplace,  that  he  had  a  rare  opportunity  to  thrive 
steadily,  and  his  calves  all  show  remarkable  develop- 
ment and  hardy,  thrifty  condition. 

My  visit  to  Mr.  John  Price,  of  Court  House,  Pem- 
bridge,  Herefordshire,  was  worth  the  journey  across 
the  se».  Mr.  Price  will  be  remembered  as  the  breeder 
of  Salisbury,  and  a  more  geiial,  hospitable  and  culti- 
vated host  it  would  be  difficult  to  find.  Mr.  Price  is 
one  of  the  few  great  breeders  of  to  day,  and  the  cattle 
from  his  herd  of  the  choicest  "White  Faces"  have 
been  sought  after  by  the  best  breeders  of  America. 
To  give  a  history  of  Mr.  Price's  fifty  years'  experience 
in  breeding  Herefords,  would  be  to  largely  give  the 
history  of  Hereford  cattle  in  England  for  that  period. 

Words  are  inadequate  to   picture  the  beauty  of 
Herefordshire  with  Its  park  like  farms,  its  winding 
and  picturesque  River  Wye,  its  rich  pastures  and  roll- 
ing meadow  lands,  and,  above  all,  the  herds  of  fin 
Hereford  cattle  grazing  in  nearly  every  field. 

We  have  much  to  learn  from  the  Old  Country — 
much  of  intensive  and  less  of  extensive  farming.  The 
fields  there  are  so  clean  that  one  can  ride  for  days 
without  seeing  "a  stick  or  a  stone;"  and  the  neatness 
of  the  hedges  and  fence  rows  and  barn  yards,  and  the 
smooth  stone  roads  in  every  direction,  show  a  high 


178 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTBB 


TMarch 


Btate  of  cultivation  and  activity  which  makee  Vir 
ginia — acd,  indeed,  all  of  this  New  World — eeem  new 
in  fact;  but  gi?e  us  time.  Give  us  the  same  time  that 
It  has  taken  to  produce  that  state  of  systematic  devel 
opment  and  culture,  and  this  fair  Vii ginia  will  bios 
Bom  like  a  garden,  and  surely  we  shall  not  be  far  be 
hind.  In  fact,  Mr.  Price  said  that  we  have  as  good 
cattle  in  the  United  States  as  they  have  in  England. 
We  onght  to  have.  Have  we  not  been  buying  the 
best  Herefords  in  England  for  the  past  half  centurj? 
Salisbnrj  is  one  of  them;  "and  there  are  others." 

There  is  another  point  I  wish  to  impress,  and  that  is 
the  regard  for  trees  manifested  in  Eoglacd.  Nearly 
every  field  has  a  doren  fine  old  trees  dotted  aronid  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  aflford  good  shade  for  the  cattle  at 
all  times  of  day,  and  also  to  form  an  artistic  landscape 
feature.  The  trees  are  not  Mowed  to  grow  along  the 
fences,  which  are  always  clean — the  grass  growing  to 
the  very  edge  of  the  hedges  or  continuing  under  the 
fences.  The  efifect  of  such  care  over  a  large  ai  ea*  of 
country  is  very  beautiful,  and  an  example  which  we 
may  well  profit  by. 

The  new  barn  at  Caafalia  is  almost  completed,  and 
will  be  a  great  improvement  in  the  facility  of  feedicg 
and  handling  the  cattle.  It  is  58  by  110  feet  and  43 
feet  to  the  ridge,  well  lighted,  and  buiit  in  the  modern 
Btjle  of  two  inch  plank  frame — not  a  heavy  piece  of 
timber  being  in  the  barn.  The  passages  behind  the 
cattle  are  10  feet  wide  for  a  manure  spreader  to  go 
through  every  morning,  thus  keeping  the  barn  clean 
and  putting  the  manure  where  it  will  do  the  most 
good  with  the  least  waste;  also  forming  a  wide  lane 
for  the  calves  to  exercise  in  in  stormy  weather.  There 
are  many  other  features  in  this  barn  which  are  worth 
studying,  and  visitors  will  find  a  good  opportunity  to 
see  the  cattle  comfortable  in  all  kinds  of  weather. 

I  am  glad  to  see  more  and  more  adyertisements  of 
Hereford  cattle  in  the  columns  of  the  Planter.  Keep 
up  the  good  work.  The  West,  always  eager  to  take 
hold  of  a  good  thing,  was  not  slow  to  recognise  the 
merits  of  the  Hereford  for  feeding  purposes,  and 
"the  peerless  grazing  breed"  have  found  their  way 
into  every  section  where  good  cattle  are  raised.  The 
field  of  opportunity  in  Virginia,  where  pure  bred 
bulls  of  the  right  type  and  breeding  are  so  much 
needed,  is  very  great,  and  with  such  bulls  already 
here,  there  is  no  excuse  for  cattlemen  to  breed  or  feed 
"scrubs."     There  is  alwajs  a  demand  for  good  beef. 

Albemarle  Co.,  Va.  Muebay  BoococK. 


Heart  is  a  hope  place,  and  home  is  a  heart  place, 
and  she  sadly  mistaketh  who  would  exchange  the 
happiness  of  home  for  anything  less  than  Heaven. 


CONFINING  COWS  CONTINUOUSLY  DURINQ 
WINTER. 

Editor  Southern  Planter : 

I  am  well  aware  that  some  exceedingly  able,  well- 
educated  dairymen  have  for  several  years  practiced 
keeping  their  cows  closely  and  continuously  confined 
in  their  stables  four  or  five  months  during  the  winter 
season.  They  assert  that  the  animals  have  done  well;, 
that  no  injurious  coneequences  have  been  observable, 
and  recommend  the  practice  to  others.  They  claim 
that  it  is  much  less  trouble,  and  that  the  cows  give 
more  milk  under  this  arrangement. 

This  would  seem  to  settle  the  matter  and  leave  no 
ground  for  argument,  but  nature's  laws  ca  mot  be  In- 
fringed without  sooner  or  later  incurring  the  penalty. 
Some  diseases  aie  very  insidious  in  their  approach — 
stealthily,  silently  and  secretly  creeping  upon  the  an- 
imal's system,  making  no  sign  until  their  deadly  fanga 
are  fastened  firmly  upon  the  victim's  vitals.  When 
tuberculosis  or  consumption  shows  itself,  It  is  gener- 
ally too  firmly  seated  to  be  removed  !iy  medical  skill, 
and  the  only  cure  is  slaughter  and  the  fertilizer  man- 
ufactory. 

Tuberculosis  and  pleuro  pneumonia  are  contagious 
diseases,  but  there  can  be  no  doubt  whatever  that  they 
break  out  spontaneously,  without  previous  contact 
with  infected  animals,  under  conditions  favorable  for 
their  germination.  If  this  were  not  so,  where  did  the 
first  case  come  fromt  Did  the  Lord  create  one  in- 
fected animal  to  inoculate  others  and  keep  the  icourge 
In  the  world!  Pleuropneumonia  broke  out  in  the 
herd  of  N.  C.  Elsbree,  of  Bradford  county,  Pa  ,  and 
the  cattle  had  not  been  In  contact  with  any  other  cat- 
tle for  years. 

Animals  which  were  created  for  an  active  life,  as 
well  as  human  beings,  must  have  regular  exercise,  or 
their  health  will  fail,  if  not  break  down  altogether. 
This  fact  in  regard  to  the  human  family  is  established 
beyond  all  controversy.  Nobody,  that  I  am  aware  of, 
ever  disputed  it.  A.11  the  doctors,  from  the  earliest 
ages  down  to  the  present  time,  have  agreed  that  regu 
lar  exercise  of  i-he  body  wa^>  necessary  to  the  preserva- 
tion of  good  health.  Piof.  F.  D.  Chaumont  says  :  "A 
man  of  sedentary  occupation  ought  to  take  exercise 
of  a  physical  kind,  varied  from  50  to  100  foot  tons  per 
diem."'  Prof  Charles  S.  Rjyse  says:  "We  may  give 
the  digestive  apparatus  the  Oest  material  for  the  for- 
mation of  blood  ;  we  may  furnish  the  lungs  with  the 
purest  air  for  vitalizing  the  blood  ;  we  may  secure  the 
proper  amount  of  sleep  under  the  most  favorable  cir- 
cumBtances ;  we  may  so  clothe  the  body  as  to  afford  it 
the  best  possible  protection  ;  but  if  we  fail  to  take  the 
proper  amount  of  exercise,  there  cannot  be  a  harmo 
nious  development  of  the  phjslcal  man." 


L903] 


THE  80UTHBBN  PLANTER 


179 


The  Library  of  Universal  Knowledge  says:  'Exercise 
l9  an  important  element  of  hygiene.  To  preserve  all 
the  functions  of  the  body  in  healthy  action,  it  is  neces 
sary  to  secure  their  due  and  regular  action  or  exer 
else."  Dr.  Dunn  says:  "Everything  that  tends  to 
lower  the  health  and  vigor  of  the  system,  increases 
the  susceptibility  to  disease."  Inaction  will  certainly 
lower  the  health  and  vigor  of  the  system.  There  can 
be  no  question  that  human  beings  must  take  regular 
exercise  to  preserve  good  health;  and  reasoning  from 
analogy,  cows  must  also.  The  analogy  is  perfect  so 
far  as  regards  the  means  of  locomotion.  Cows  have 
good  legs,  and  can  run  as  fast  and  travel  as  far  in  a 
day  as  the  average  man.  In  their  «*ild  state  they  take 
a  great  deal  of  exercise,  and  are  travelling  half  the 
time.  No  valid  reason  can  be  given  why  cows  should 
not  have  exercise  as  well  as  mankind.  Even  clams 
and  oysters,  not  provided  with  legi,  manage  to  crawl 
about  and  exercise  their  bodies  in  the  mud.  They  tell 
US  that  cows  get  exercise  enough  in  lying  down  and 
getting  up,  and  stepping  back  and  forth  in  their  stalls 
They  might,  with  equal  propriety,  say  that  a  man 
could  get  sufficient  exercise  in  turning  over  in  bed. 

The  convicts  in  the  Eastern  penitentiary  of  Penn- 
•ylvania  are  taken  out  Into  the  yard  every  day  (about 
twenty  at  a  time),  and  made  to  run  around  in  a  circle 
like  circus  horses.  The  convicts  love  it  as  well  as 
children  love  to  play,  and  they  know  the  exercise  is 
for  the  benefit  of  their  health. 

To  retain  our  present  itrength  and  increase  it,  we 
must  regularly  use  what  we  have.  Man,  horse  or  ox 
will  lose  much  strength  if  they  do  not  work  or  take 
exercise  for  four  or  five  months.  Oarsmen  and  pugi 
lists  go  into  training  for  weeks  before  their  contests 
come  off  in  order  to  develop  the  strength  of  their 
bodies  and  the  staying  power  of  their  Inrgs.  Of  equal 
Importance  to  exercise  for  the  preservation  of  health, 
Is  pure  fresh  air.  Dr.  Gunn  says :  "Pure  air  may  be 
considered  the  prime  necessity  of  life."  In  New  Eng 
land,  sfatietics  show  that  agriculturists  who  pass  most 
of  their  days  out  of  doors,  live  to  an  average  of  sixty 
four  J  ears,  while  the  average  attained  by  persons  who 
have  indoor  employment  does  not  exceed  forty  one. 
Pure  air  is  perhaps  of  equal  importance  to  wholesome 
food.  Does  it  appear  reasonable  that  the  air  in  a 
stable  where  fiom  ten  to  forty  cows  are  confined  con- 
stantly day  and  night,  can  possibly  be  kept  as  pure  as 
the  air  of  out  of  doors  1  No  building  on  earth  can  be 
ventilated  so  ^ell  as  the  free  winds  of  heaven  venti 
late  the  barn  yard  and  the  fields.  Every  person 
knows  that  on  entering  the  stable  in  the  morning, 
after  the  wind  has  changed  to  the  south  and  it  is  rain 
ing,  that  he  encounters  a  vitiated  atmosphere. 

Human  ingenuity  has  never  yet  been  able  to  devise 
a  means  of  ventilation  whereby  the  air  in  congress 


ional  halls,  parliament  houses,  churches  and  theatres 
can  be  kept  as  pure  and  wholesome  as  that  on  the  out- 
side. To  talk  about  stables  being  perfectly  ventilated 
with  the  dung  and  th«  urine,  the  breath  of  numer- 
ous animals,  and  the  (ffluviumof  their  bodies  present, 
is  perfectly  preposterous. 

Fifty  years  ago,  when  farmer's  cows  were  wintered 
in  the  barn  yard,  we  heard  nothing  about  tuberculosis 
and  pleuro  pneumonia,  and  even  now  it  is  mostly 
found  in  rich  men's  stables,  where  they  keep  their 
high  priced  cows,  and  have  stopped  every  crack  and 
crevice  where  fresh  air  could  enter,  except  the  tubes 
they  call  ventilators. 

Sunlight,  for  the  promotion  of  full  health,  is  almost 
as  necessary  as  pure  air.  In  many  hospitals,  rooms 
are  provided  where  patients  can  take  a  sun  bath. 
That  is  the  best  that  can  be  done  until  the  patient  is 
able  to  walk  out  of  doors.  It  is  not  the  sunshine  that 
is  reflected,  refracted  and  intercepted  by  a  few  win 
dows  in  the  stable  that  invigorates  the  cows,  but  the 
bright,  piercing  rays  that  dart  down  unobstructed 
from  the  luminous  surface  of  the  King  of  Day,  full  of 
healthful  magnetism.  J.  W.  Ingham. 

Bradford  Co.,  Pa. 


BACON,  AND  A  "BACON  BREED  " 

Bditor  Southern  Planter : 

A  gentleman  who  is  a  recognised  national  authori- 
ty, in  a  published  statistical  estimate  of  the  meat  sup 
ply  of  the  world,  has  the  following  among  his  conclu- 
sions : 

"The  world's  population  is  getting  far  and  away 
ahead  of  the  available  meat  supply.  The  hnman  race 
has  eaten  the  live  stock  of  the  world  to  a  standstill. 
In  the  progress  of  man  and  of  animal  life,  the  multi 
plication  of  the  former  has  so  outstripped  the  latter 
that  the  decennial  ratio  of  ihe  two  has  increased  to 
an  alarming  extent  in  the  last  fifty  years.  We  have 
enteied  upon  a  period  of  permanently  high  meat  price* 
in  this  country." 

This  condition  of  affairs  shonM  put  our  Southern 
farmers  to  thinking.  There  is  opportunity  presented 
here  that,  if  improved,  will  bring  many  thousands  of 
doUar-i  into  the  pockets  of  our  people.  It  is  true  that 
in  many  sections  of  the  South  our  farmers  cannot  com 
pete  with  the  natural  gra-.s  producing  regions  in  the 
production  of  beef.  But  there  is  no  section  of  the 
world  that  is  better  alapted  to  the  production  of  the 
highest  class  of  pork  or  the  finest  quality  of  bacon. 
This  is  proven  by  the  fact  that  Virginia  hams  have, 
for  a  hundred  years,  commanded  the  highest  market 
prices. 

To  produce  the  highest  quality  of  meat,  the  hog 
needs  a  variety  of  food.  An  exclusive  corn  diet  tends 
to  produce  lardy  meat,  which  cannot  be  converted 


180 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEB. 


[Mai  ch 


into  that  quality  of  bacon  that  is  demanded  by  the 
class  of  consumera  who  are  willing  to  pay  the  highest 
prices.  An  exclusive  corn  diet  also  tends  to  sterility, 
and  this  has  done  much  to  destroy  the  vitality  and 
breeding  qualities  of  the  best  known  breeds  of  this 
country. 

There  is  no  country  on  earth  where  such  a  variety 
of  the  best  hog  feed  can  be  grown  as  right  here  in  Vir 
ginia,  and  in  our  Southern  States.  Field  peas,  Soja 
beans,  oats,  corn,  rape,  sorghum,  Kaffir  corn  and  pea 
nuts,  all  grow  to  perfection  here,  and  afford  a  bill  of 
fare  that  is  unsurpassed  for  the  production  of  the 
highest  type  of  the  bacon  hog.  Besides  the  btst  fa- 
cilities for  growing  the  greatest  variety  of  forage  and 
feeds,  we  have  a  very  decided  advantage  over  the 
North  and  West  in  our  milder  climate,  which  is  an- 
other important  factor  in  the  economical  production 
of  pork,  as  no  domestic  animal  suffers  more  from  cold 
than  the  hog. 

There  is  also  as  much  in  the  breed  as  in  the  feed. 
A  bacon  hog  must  possess  the  characteristic,  or  qual 
ity,  of  pioduciDg  bacon,  instead  of  lard,  as  much  so 
as  the  dairy  cow  must  have  the  tendency  to  produce 
milk  or  butter  fat.  Instead  of  beef,  or  vice  versa.  If 
we  wish  to  produce  the  highest  quality  of  family  ba 
•con,  that  will  command  the  highest  market  prices, 
we  must  grow  a  type  of  hog  that  will  produce  It. 

In  our  travels,  in  rece::t  years,  through  portions  of 
the  Dominion  of  Canada,  in  search  of  St.  Lambert 
Jerseys,  our  attention  has  been  called  .  o  the  improved 
large  Yorkshires,  as  possessing  more  of  the  qualities 
of  the  Ideal  "bacon  breed"  than  any  other  with  which 
we  are  acquainted,  and,  though  we  have  been  great 
admirers  of  the  Poland  China  and  Berkshires  for  a 
quarter  of  a  century,  we  have  abandoned  them  in  fa 
vor  of  the  large  Yorkshiies. 

This  breed  is  not  so  well  known  in  the  South  as 
other  breeds,  and,  for  the  benefit  of  your  readers,  we 
append  a  few  extracts,  giving  the  opinion  of  well 
known  authorities  on  their  merits  as  a  profitable  bacon 
breed. 

Prof.  John  A.  Craig,  Professor  of  Animal  Husban- 
dry at  the  Iowa  Experiment  Station,  made  a  test  of 
various  breeds  lately.  Writing  In  reference  to  this, 
he  remarks : 

"We  took  all  of  our  experiment  hogs  into  Chicago, 
and  I  followed  them  right  through  the  slaughter  tests 
there.  In  onr  results,  I  fiad  that  the  Yorkshire  has 
given  the  greatest  gains  on  the  leivst  feed." 

Hon.  Eichard  Gibson,  an  Influential  breeder  of  Can- 
ada, in  the  Breeders^  Gazette,  writing  about  "The  Im 
proved  Yorkshires,"  says : 

"To  them  we  Canadians  owe  onr  present  standing 
in  the  Boglish  markets,  where  we  have  ousted  the 
Dinish  and  Irish  bacon  from  the  second  place,  and 
sent  them  down  to  third  and  fourth  rank.     Some  peo 


pie  will  tell  you,  '  Oh,  it  is  Canada  peas  ;'  others  say, 
'Oh,  It  is  dairy  slop.'  "  Agair  it  is  claimed,  "They 
feed  no  corn  in  Canada,"  but  none  are  right.  We  feed 
corn  in  Canada,  and  lots  of  it.  I  have  the  reputation 
of  sending  the  best  hogs  to  our  buyer.  He  never  asks 
to  see  them,  because  he  knows  exactly  what  he  will 
get,  but,  nevertheless,  I  feed  lots  of  corn,  because  I 
can  grow  it.  Here  is  the  rub.  One  may  shove  all  the 
peas  he  chooses  Into  a  Poland  China  or  Cheshire,  and 
he  will  have  fat  meat.  Just  the  same,  I  can  feed  corn 
to  Yorkshires  and  get  lots  of  lean.  It  is  all  in  the 
breed.  Can  one  by  feeding  a  Holstein  Increase  butter 
fat  up  to  that  yielded  by  a  Jersey?  It  is  the  breed. 
Neither  by  high  feeding  can  a  Jersey  be  made  to  pro- 
duce the  yield  of  milk  of  the  Holstein,  or  put  on  flesh 
like  a  Shorthorn,  bud  she  can  make  richer  butter  than 
either.  Again,  It  is  the  breed.  It  is  the  same  with 
8«Fine.  When  yon  want  good  bacon,  you  must  get  a 
bacon  breed.  Your  folks  want  bacon  now,  and  as  the 
trade  develops  all  intelligent  farmers  will  want  bacon 
breeds  and  the  Improved  Yorkshire,  which  has  done 
so  much  for  us,  will  be  popular  with  you." 

Roanoke  Co.,  Va.  A.  M.  Bowman. 


BILTHORE  BERKSHIRE  SALE. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

I  enclose  with  this  priced  catalogue  of  onr  Third 
Annual  Brood  Sow  Sale  of  Berkshires  just  held  which 
I  feel  will  be  to  your  interest  to  devote  a  little  more 
than  the  usual  space  to  on  account  of  the  unparalled 
average  secured  ($221  90)  at  the  sale  on  account  of  the 
high  quality  of  the  offering  and  the  large  number  of 
prominent  breeders  attending,  as  you  will  see,  from 
nearly  every  State. 

Although  the  Farms  held  mail  bids,  probably  ave  - 
aging  nearly  $100.00,  only  five  of  these  secured  ani- 
mals, and  of  these  three  were  unlimited.  The  other 
56  head  were  sold  to  breeders  right  In  the  ring,  and 
who  made  these  bids  as  the  resnlt  of  the  quality  of  the 
animals  before  their  eyes. 

Col.  Bailey,  the  auctioneer,  knouked  down  the  whole 
61  head  at  an  average  of  2}  minutes  to  the  animal. 

Probably  the  sensation  of  the  sale  was  the  boar, 
Manor  Faithful,  who,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  he 
was  sold  first  of  all  at  a  time  when  the  bidding  sel- 
dom commences  at  an  auction,  went  for  $615  to  the 
Filston  Farms,  the  contending  bidder  being  Mr.  J.  M. 
Overton,  of  Nashville,  Tenn.  There  was  not  another 
boar  found  in  England  combining  so  much  quality  and 
size  without  any  serious  defect,  with  probably  one  ex- 
ception, and  he  could  not  be  guaranteed  a  breeder. 
The  sow.  Manor  Corydon  Duchess,  was  most  unfortu- 
nately lame,  owing  to  a  felon,  but  In  epite  of  this  she 
sold  for  $505,  Filston  Farms  again  being  the  fortunate 
buyer,  and  many  present  thought  she  would  have 
reached  $1,000  had  It  not  been  for  this  temporary  lame- 
ness. 

One  of  the  most  gratifying  features  of  this  sale  was 


1908.J 


THE  80UTHEEH  PLANTEat. 


181 


that  these  high  prices  were  made  by  contending  breed 
ers  of  such  high  reputation  and  so  widely  scattered 
that  it  is  impossible  to  impute  any  intention  of  forcing 
prices  up  so  as  to  boom  the  breed.  They  simply  rep 
resent  the  demand  now  before  the  breeders  for  an  extra 
good  individual  that  will,  in  addition,  form  a  desirable 
ontcross  for  the  home  bred  animals 

There  were  over  65  buyers  present,  but  of  this  uum 
ber  only  19  secured  animals. 

The  gavel  with  which  Col.  Bailey  knocked  down  the 
sale  was  presented  to  him  by  the  Faims,  and  he  has 
promised  to  use  it  until  this  record  is  broken,  which 
the  Farms  think  will  be  a  long  time  ahead. 

Very  low  special  rates  were  secured  at  the  Kenil 
worth  Inn,  probably  one  of  the  most  sumptuous  win 
ter  resort  hotels  in  the  South,  and  where  transactions 
between  the  breeders  were  very  active  after  dinner 
during  the  days  preceding  and  after  the  sale.  The 
whole  herd  of  Berkshires  was  insptcted  with  much 
Interest  both  before  and  after  the  sale,  and  some  of 
the  offers  were  so  tempting  that  several  sales  were 
made  at  what  would  have  been  considered  a  long  price 
a  few  months  ago. 

The  sow.  Her  Majesty,  did  not  bring  what  was  ex 
pected  by  the  Management,  especially  considering  the 
very  fine  litter  that  she  has  raised  since  her  importa- 
tion. 

At  the  completion  of  the  sale  a  sealed  e  velope  con- 
taining an  offer  of  the  Biltmore  Farms  of  six  animals 
of  $50  each  in  cash,  if  the  buyer  would  leave  them 
and  call  their  bid  off,  was  opened  by  the  auctioneer, 
but  in  each  instance  was  promptly  refused.  Three  of 
these  animals,  one  of  which  Manor  Faithful,  went  to 
Filston  Farms  and  the  other  three  were  purchased 
by  Mr.  Guy  C.  Barton,  of  Nebraska,  whose  represet  ta 
tive  also  refused  the  offer. 

Such  prominent  breeders  were  present,  as  Mr.  N.  H. 
Gentry,  Sedalia,  Mo.;  F.  E.  McEldowney,  Portland, 
Ore.,  and  H.  C.  Taylor,  Orfordville,  Wis.,  repesent 
ing  the  Ladd  Estate  ;  J.  E.  Dodge,  from  Hood  Farm, 
Lowell,  Mass.;  W.  J.  Lovejoy,  Eoscoe,  111.;  W.  R. 
Harvey,  Sibley,  111.;  J.  G.  Yeager,  Shelbjville,  Ky.; 
W.  F.  Lillard,  Lawrenceburg,  Ky. ;  J.  M.  Overton, 
Nashville,  Tenn.;  G.  A.  Swartwout,  Piston  Farms, 
Glencoe,  Md. ;  J.  K.  Honeywell,  Lincoln,  Neb. ;  Lor 
ing  Brown,  of  Belmont  Farms,  Smyrna,  Ga. ;  James 
Gibson,  Jr.,  New  York  City  ;  W.  H.  Carpenter,  New 
Middieton,  Tenn.;  J.  W.  Akin,  Cartersville,  Ga  ;  W. 
B.  GrifBn,  Paris,  K. ;  W.  J.  Milner,  Cartersville,  Ga. ; 
William  Edwards,  Jr.,  Plymouth,  Fla.;  T.  H.  Bait 
zell,  of  Indiana  ;  H.  W.  Fugate,  of  Fngate's  Hill,  Va. ; 
M.  K.  Munson,  of  Eidge  Farm,  Vinemont,  Ala. ;  Brent 
Van  Swearicgen,  Simeon,  Va.;  J.  L.  Ellis,  Baldock,  S. 
C;  M.  O.  Dowd,  Lowell,  N.  C;  W.  B.  Beaty  and 
brother,  Mt.  Holly,  N.  C. ;  A.  P.  Walker,  Rushville, 


Ind. ;  Jas.  T.  Anderson,  Marietta,  Ga  ;  Geo.  T.  Mont- 
gomery, Marietta,  Ga. ;  H.  Roquemore,  Mansfield, Ga.- 
G.  M.  Middieton,  Shelbyville,  Ky.;  L.  Letterle,  Har^ 
rod's  Creek,  Ky.;  T.  B.  Carney,  Murfreesboro,  Tenn.;. 
A.  H.  Tipton,  Greenville,  Tenn. ;  Dorr  Clark,  Freder-*^ 
icksburg,  Va.;  W.  I.  Johns,  Baldock,  S.  C;  H.  T.  Pan- 
coast,  of  the  Forest  Home  Farm,  Pnrcellville,  Va.  •  W. 
H.  Hicklin,  Greenville,  8.  C;  T.  J.  White,  of  South 
Carolina  ;  B.  Hirris,  Pendleton,  S.  C. ;  F.  T.  Meacham 
Morganton,  N.  C. ;  8.  L.  Trogdon,  Greensboro,  N.  0.,. 
and  others. 

Biltmore,  N.  G.  Geo.  F.  Weston. 

It  is  very  gratifying  to  us  to  see  that  at  last  South- 
ern hog  breeders  are  realizing  the  truth  of  what  we 
have  been  so  long  telling  them,  that  the  secret  of  suc- 
cess in  hog  breeding,  as  in  all  live  stock  breeding,  is 
good  foundation  stock,  and  that  It  will  always  pay  to 
buy  the  best,  even  though  the  price  be  a  long  one. 
We  congratulate  Biltmore  Farms  on  the  record  made* 
— Ed. 

THE  BROOD  SOW. 

Editor  Southern  Planter  : 

As  my  article  on  the  hog  in  the  November  Planter 
is  causing  a  little  comment,  I  will  explain  my  plan  of 
handling  the  sow  and  litter. 

I  will  say,  in  the  first  place,  I  have  no  special  breed, 
but  a  good  cross  of  Berkshire  and  Poland  China. 

I  raise  three  litters  one  year  and  two  the  next  from 
my  sows.  I  arrange  the  pen  so  that  the  little  pigs  can 
creep  through  the  fence,  and  I  teach  them  to  eat  while 
on  the  mother.  I  begin  taking  them  ofi  two  and  three 
per  week  until  I  have  all  off  by  the  time  they  are  four 
weeks  old,  taking  off  the  largest  first. 

I  withhold  all  slop  food  a  day  or  two  before  I  begin 
taking  off  the  last  pigs,  so  that  when  all  are  off  the 
sow's  milk  will  have  ceased,  and  she  will  always  come 
in  use  within  a  week  if  in  good  condition,  but  never 
have  her  fat.  If  fat,  stop  all  milk  foods  a  week  be- 
fore weaning,  feeding  the  pigs  plentifully  away  from 
the  sow.  This  method  gives  the  pigs  a  good  start, 
without  check,  when  separated  from  the  mother. 

With  good  feed,  I  sell  them  from  five  to  seven  months 
old  with  big  interest  on  my  money  invested. 

Goochland  Co.,Va.  N.  S.  Watkiits. 


Hog  Pasture, 

I  want  to  go  into  the  hog  raising  business.  Will  al- 
falfa, German  clover  or  sapling  clover  make  a  good 
hog  posture  t 

Dinwiddle  Co.,  Va.  Subbcbibee. 

Either  German  (Crimson)  clover  or  sapling  clover 
will  make  a  good  hog  pasture.  Alfalfa  ought  not  to 
be  pastured.  It  will  not  stand  grazing.  Cow  peas  or 
cow  peas  and  sorghum  or  Soy  beans  will  make  you  the 
best  hog  pasture  for  summer.  Rape  for  the  fall,  arti- 
chokes for  winter,  and  clover  for  the  spring. — Ed. 


182 


THE  80UTHBEN  PLAITTEB. 


[March 


The   Poultry  Yard. 


EOa-LAYINQ  COnPETITION  OF  BREEDS. 

These  competitions  are  very  popular  in  England, 
but  have  been  little  followed  in  this  country.  The 
last  winter  one  was  conducted  in  New  South  Wales, 
and  the  results  are  published  in  detail  in  the  Agricul 
tural  Gazette.  The  competition  arose  out  of  a  coDtro 
versy  between  two  breeders  regarding  the  merit  of 
Silver  Wjandots  and  Buff  Orpingtons.  The  minister 
of  agriculture  became  interesced,  and  it  was  finally 
decided  to  open  the  contest  to  all  bieeders  who  should 
contribute  six  pullets  each  of  any  one  breed.  The  gov 
ercment  put  up  yards  57  x  17  feet  and  pens  6x5}  feet 
for  each  flock  of  six  birds.  The  fowls  were  in  charge 
of  the  poultry  expert  at  the  Hawkesbury  Agricultural 
College. 

Prizes  were  given  for  the  greatest  total  number  of 
eggs  laid  by  each  pen  and  for  the  greatest  aggregate 
weight  of  eggs.  A  record  was  kept  of  the  mark^t 
value  of  the  eggs,  total  quantities  of  food  consumed, 
and  the  average  cost  per  hen.  The  first  prize  of  |50 
for  total  number  of  eggs,  and  of  $15  for  greatest  ag 
gregate  weiglit,  was  awarded  to  a  pen  of  Black  Orp- 
ingtons. 

Ttiere  were  41  pens  entered,  which  makes  it  the 
largest  competition  of  Its  kind  ever  conducted.  All 
but  one  pen  paid  for  its  food.  The  average  value  of 
the  eggs  was  $1  54  per  hen,  and  cost  of  food  66  cents, 
leaving  a  profit  of  88  cents  each.  The  first  pen  of 
Black  Orpingtons  gave  a  profit  of  $2  18.  The  follow- 
ing table  shows  the  average  resulis  of  the  various 
breeds,  also  the  record  in  detail  of  those  pens  which 
laid  a  total  of  400  eggs  or  more  during  the  six  winter 
months,  April  to  September  being  winter  in  New  South 
Wales : 

AVEEAGE  KE8ULTS  OF  THE  VAEIOU8  BREEDS. 

No.  and  T<ilal 

Breed.  Eggt. 

6  Imperials 426 

24  Silver  Wyandots 1681 

48  Black  Orpingtons 3  127 

30  Buff  Orpingtons 1,949 

18  Buff  Wyandots 1.145 

30  White  Leghorns 1,746 

12  Anconas 672 

6  Golden  Wyandots   317 

«  "Birrilees"  317 

18  White  Wyandots 8t8 

6  White  Orpingtons 273 

12  Buff  Leghorns 493 

12  Andalusians 464 

18  Minorcas .-••      589 

246  Hens 14,047 


Av. 

per 

Pen. 

$71  00 

70  04 

65 

14 

64  96 

63  61 

58  50 

56  00 

52 

83 

52 

83 

47 

11 

45 

50 

41 

08 

38 

66 

32 

72 

57 

10 

Now  is  the  time  to  plan  for  the  coming  season  ;  eggs 
and  poultry  of  all  kinds  have  been  in  good  demand  ; 
this  is  sure  to  continue,  and  all  should  profit  by  these 
conditions. 

No  one  kind  of  poultry  has  been  so  scarce  and  high 
in  price  as  turkeys.  The  stock  in  storage  has  been  so 
reduced   as  to  insure  good    prices  another  season. 


Prepare  for  this  in  time,  and  guard  against  the  great- 
est of  all  danger  in  growing  turkeys — inbreeding. 

Make  full  preparation  for  growing  early  pullets. 
Begin  now  to  plan  for  this.  Get  the  incubators  and 
brooders  in  shape  for  spring  work.  Try  them  ahead 
of  time  and  see  if  they  work  right.  You  may  save  a 
lot  of  eggs  by  so  doing  Be  sure  they  are  in  good 
working  order  before  putting  in  the  eggs. 

When  brooders  are  properly  made  and  run,  they 
will  do  good  work;  but  each  is  as  important  as  the 
other.  After  the  maker  has  done  his  part,  you  must 
do  yours.  It  is  quite  as  important  for  the  brooder  to 
be  run  right  as  it  is  absolutely  necessary  that  the  in- 
cubator be  properly  managed  ;  look  out  for  this. 

Strong,  vigorous  stock  is  the  proper  kind  to  use  for 
breeding ;  this  holds  good  in  fowls  as  in  all  kinds  of 
slock.  The  same  rule  holds  good  throughout  nature. 
If  we  ho>e  for  the  best  results,  we  must  make  use  of 
the  best  means  to  gain  the  desired  end,  whether  after 
better  crops — fruit,  vegetables  or  live  stock — the  prin- 
ciple of  production  is  the  same.  Good  quality  is  not 
to  be  gained  through  the  use  of  inferiority. 


COST   OF   PRODUCINQ   A   BROILER. 

One  of  the  most  successful  broiler  raisers  in  this 
country  markets  his  chicks  at  11  to  2  pounds  weight, 
at  an  average  cost  to  raise  of  25  cents  each.  He  is  able 
to  market  a  broiler  chick  for  every  two  eggs  put  in 
his  incubators  (including  infertiles)  and  his  carefully 
kept  entimate  of  cost,  extending  over  several  years,  is 
as  follows  : 

Two  eggs 5  cents. 

Labor 7      " 

Feed 8      " 

Picking 5      " 

Total  25 

At  the  price  he  paid  the  farmers  for  eggs  his  aver- 
age cost  is  not  quite  two  cents  an  egg,  as  the  price 
paid  for  picking  is  one  to  two  cents  above  the  market 
price  for  picking  broilers,  his  estimate  of  the  total 
cost  is  a  liberal  one.  He  said  :  "  I  would  rather  pay 
that  price  and  have  the  chicks  carefully  picked,  each 
man  picking  50  or  60  a  day,  than  have  a  picker  earn  the 
same  amount  of  money  by  hurriedly  picking  100  a 
day.  It  is  quite  easy  for  a  picker  to  'skimp'  his  work, 
and  the  broilers  would  be  a  cheaper  looking  lot  in  con 
sequence,  shrinking  the  price  perhaps  four  or  five 
cents  a  pound."  In  other  words,  quality  pays  in  broil- 
ers as  well  as  in  other  things,  and  the  fact  that  this 
man's  broilers  frequently  bring  him  five  cents  a  pound 
above  the  highest  market  quotations,  approves  the 
policy  of  paying  the  picker  a  good  enough  price  to 
insure  having  the  chicks  carefully  picked. 

Broilers  bring  the  hightst  prices  in  April.  At  this 
season  of  the  year  they  bring  40  to  50  cents  a  pound, 
which  price  gradually  scales  down  to  20  cents  or  a  I'*- 
tie  less  in  August.  Later  in  the  j  ear  the  price  again 
advances,  the  advance  being  most  rapid  in  February 
and  March. 


1903  .J 


THE  80UTHEEN  PLAUTBB. 


183 


The   Horse. 


NOTES. 


Prominent  among  the  stallions  in  the  stud  of  the 
Hon.  William  C.  Whitney  at  La  Belle  Farm,  Lexing 
ingion  Ky.,  is  Ballyhoo  Bey,  winner  of  the  Fatnrify 
in  1890.  Ballyhoo  Bey  is  a  brown  horse,  foaled  1698 
by  Kingston,  dam  Ballyhoo,  Dake  of  Magenta;  sec 
ond  dam  Biiby,  by  imported  Strachlno;  third  dam 
Elliptic,  by  imported  Eclipse;  fourth  dam  the  eyer 
famous  roare  Nina,  by  Boston.  Baby  and  Ecliptic, 
the  second  and  tbird  damso'  Ballyhoo  Bey,  were  bred 
in  the  former  noted  Bnllfitld  Stud,  Hanover  couiitj , 
Va.,  while  Nina  passed  most  of  her  life  there.  A 
great  fountain  head  of  speed  and  race  horse  quality 
was  this  great  daughter  of  Boston.  Another  of  Nina's 
descendants  now  prominently  before  the  public  is 
The  Commoner,  who  heads  the  famous  Belle  Meade 
Stud,  Nashville,  Tenn.  He  was  sired  by  Hanover, 
dam  Margerine,  by  Algerine.  Algerine  was  got  by 
Abd  El  Kader,  formerly  a  member  of  the  Bluefield 
Stud,  out  of  Nina  He  was  foaled  1873,  and  his  full 
slater,  Algeria,  came  in  1875,  while  the  dam  was  bar 
ren  in  1874  and  1876,  and  September  19,  1879,  th« 
great  daughter  of  Boston  succumbed  to  the  weight  of 
years  at  the  age  of  31,  and  was  interred  on  the  hill 
■ide  overlooking  the  training  track. 


Mr.  W.  E.  McComb,  of  the  Union  Stock  Yards, 
this  city,  haa  sold  to  Trainer  George  E.  Eichmond, 
who  has  charge  of  the  Deep  Eun  Hunt  Club  stables 
and  track,  the  bay  filly,  one  year  old,  by  Orphan 
wood,  dam  Vida  B.  Wilkes,  by  Brignoli  Wilkes,  sec 
ond  dam  Vida  B.,  by  Almont  M.,  and  third  dam  Mary 
Bell,  the  dam  of  Urbana  Belle,  2:20i,  and  Eex,  2:22h 
Both  the  sire  and  dam  of  this  filly — who,  by  the  way, 
is  quite  promising — are  the  property  of  Mr.  McComb, 
who  also  owns  Joyful  Maiden,  2:L9};  Medinawood, 
both  by  King  Nutwood,  and  others  as  well  bred  and 
speedy,  too.  Orphanwood,  who  is  large,  handsome 
of  King  Nutwood  and  Young  Mollie,  by  Baron  Luff, 
2:27,  will  be  kept  in  the  stud  this  season  at  the  Mc 
Comb  Farm,  Fiehersville,  Va.,  and  the  bay  stallion 
will  doubtless  be  well  patronized  by  breeders  in  that 
section. 


In  Burlingame,  2:18}^,  trotting,  the  splendid  son  of 
Guy  Wilkes,  and  Ed.  Kearney,  thoroughbred  son  of 
Tom  Ochiltree,  Mr.  Eobert  Tait,  of  Spring  Garden 
Farm,  near  Cool  Well  P.  O.,  in  Amherst  county, Va., 
offers  the  services  ot  a  grand  pair  of  stallions,  and 
breedeis  in  that  section  can  make  no  mistake  in 
patronizing  such  horses,  especially  those  who  own 
good  mares.  Burlingame  is  of  fine  size,  bred  in  the 
richest  lines,  and  his  get  take  after  him,  which  shows 
his  potency  as  a  sire.  Ed.  Kearney  is  one  of  the 
finest  looking  thoroughbred  stallions  to  be  f  een,  while 
he  is  grandly  bred,  and  will  sire  not  only  race  horses 
from  thoroughbred  mares,  but  grand  hunters,  jump 
ers  and  cross  country  horses  from  general  purpose 
mares.  The  fees  of  both  Burlingame  and  Ed.  Kear 
ney  are  moderate,  and  intending  breeders  should 
write  for  extended  pedigreeei  and  other  desirable  In 
formation  concerning  them. 


The  International  Stock  Food  Company  of  Min- 
neiipolis,  Minn.,  whose  advertisement  appears  in  the 
Southern  Planter,  offers  an  article  of  prime  merit  and 
one  that  hai  borne  the  test  in  their  stock  food,  which 
is  sold  at  a  price  that  enables  three  feeds  to  be  had 
for  one  cent.  It  has  the  largest  sale  of  any  similar 
preparation  in  the  world.  Mr.  M.  W.  Savage,  the 
head  of  the  concern,  is  also  proprietor  of  rhe  Inter- 
national Stock  Food  F^rm,  home  of  the  famous  pacer, 
Dan  Patch,  1:59};  the  great  trotter  and  sire,  Directum, 
2:ii5},  and  E  )y  Wilkes,  2:06J.  also  famous  as  a  sire. 
List  season  Dan  Patch  was  timed  in  l:59Jat  Eead- 
ville,  Mass  ,  and  during  the  coming  one  is  more  than 
likely  to  pace  a  faster  mile  than  has  ever  been  seen 
done  by  any  harness  horse.  Not  only  are  the  stal- 
lions at  this  establishment  great,  but  the  brood  mare 
band  is  one  of  the  choicest  in  the  country  as  well. 

The  stockholders  of  the  Peninsular  Fair  Associa- 
tion, Tasley,  Va.,  met  recently  and  elected  the  follow- 
ing ofiScers:  Judge  John  W.  G.  Blackstone,  president; 
N.  W.  Nock,  vice  president;  Thomas  S.  Hopkins,  sec- 
retary and  treasurer.  The  executive  committee  la 
made  up  of  W.  H.  Parker,  G.  W.  Kilman,  T.  H. 
Melson,  J.  H.  Ay  ers,  W.  T.  Wright,  H.  O.  Finney, 
John  W.  G.  Blackstone,  John  E.  Hickman,  and  G.  F. 
Parker.  The  Sixth  Annual  Fair  of  the  Association 
will  begin  August  4th  and  continue  four  days.  The 
Tasley  Fair  marks  the  beginning  of  the  Maryland 
and  Virginia  circuit  of  fai^s  and  race  meetings,  which 
will  be  followed  by  that  at  Pocomoke  City,  Md. ,  thir- 
ty five  miles  distant  on  the  N.  Y.  P.  and  N.  E.  E. 
Four  stakes  of  $500,  two  each  for  trotters  and  pacers, 
will  be  included  in  the  speed  programme  of  each  asao- 
tjiation. 


Wealth,  2:17i,  the  fine,  big  son  of  Gambetta  Wilkes 
and  Magnolia,  by  Norfolk,  who  heads  the  Chapman 
Stud  at  Gordonsville,  Va.,  I*  just  six  years  old,  and 
has  probably  never  eerved  more  than  half  a  dozen  all 
told  in  his  life;  yet  from  one  of  these,  served  when  he 
was  three  yeais  old,  there  is  a  two-year  old  owned  by 
M.  E.  Doyle,  of  Lynchburg,  Va.,  who  is  described  as 
a  great  prospect  for  speed  and  is  entered  in  something 
like  150.000  worth  of  stakes.  The  dam  of  Mr.  Doyle's 
precocious  youngster  was  sired  a  son  of  Belmont. 
Wealth  will  make  a  short  season  in  the  stud  and  then 
be  placed  in  training,  when  good  judges  predict  a 
record  of  better  than  2:10  for  the  handsome  brown 
son  of  Gambetta  Wilkes  before  snow  flies  this  fall. 
Col.  W.  H.  Chapman,  the  owner  of  Wealth,  is  in  a 
position  to  accord  him  good  advantages,  hence  the 
horse  will  be  sent  to  Joe  Eea,  of  Danville,  Ky.,  in 
whose  masterly  hands  Wealth  will  be  trained  and 
raced  this  season. 


Eecent  winners  at  New  Orleans  include  Cogswell, 
black  horse,  7,  by  Jim  Gray,  dam  Leola,  by  Eolua, 
second  dam  Vigiline,  by  Vigil.  Cogswell  was  bred 
in  the  Ellerslie  Stud  of  A.  D.  Payne,  Charlottesville, 
Va.  Bkoad  Bock. 


Mention  the  Southern  Pkmter  to  your  frienda. 


184 


THE  SOUTHBEH  FLAlITBB 


[March 


riiscellaneous. 


BROWNLOW'S  GOOD  ROADS  BILL. 

A  Practical  and  Conservative  Measure. 

A  representative  of  the  press  called  upon  Hon.  W. 
P.  Brownlow,  member  of  (Dongress  from  Tenneseee, 
and  asked  him  whether  his  bill,  recently  introduced 
In  Congress,  and  providing  for  national  aid  to  road 
Improvement,  conld  not  properly  be  condemned  as  a 
paternalistic  and  impracticable  scheme,  pleasing  to 
visionaries,  bnt  regarded  by  conservative  men  as  de- 
Bigned  to  loot  the  treasury  and  to  complicate  the  fnnc 
tions  of  the  national  government. 

"The  answer  to  that  question,"  said  Col.  Brownlow, 
"may  be  found  in  the  bill  itself,  and  in  the  editorials 
and  articles  appearing  in  the  leading  newspapers,  ag- 
ricultural and  scientific  journals  of  the  country." 

"I  am  afraid,"  he  continued  pleasantly,  "  that  like 
some  others,  you  are  talking  about  my  bill  before  you 
have  read  it,  for  it  is  not  proposed  to  build  roads  at 
government  expense  alone.  The  general  policy,  as 
stated  in  the  bill,  shall  be  to  bring  about,  so  far  as 
may  be,  a  uniform  system  of  taxation  for  road  pur 
poses,  and  a  uniform  method  of  construction,  repair 
and  maintenance  throughout  the  United  States,  and 
to  CO  operate  with  any  State,  or  civil  division  thereof, 
in  the  actual  construction  of  permanent  highways." 

If  you  see  anything  paternalistic  and  impracticable 
in  that,  you  differ  from  the  best  editors  of  the  moet 
conservative  journals  in  the  country.  It  has  been 
said  that  a  just  cause  will  raise  up  friends  to  fight  its 
own  battles.  This  is  certainly  the  case  with  my  bill, 
for  even  the  editor  of  the  Washi7igton  Post,  who  claims 
to  be  against  it,  says : 

"  The  Post  is  surprised  at  the  amount  of  favor,  or 
rather  lack  of  disfavor,  with  which  it  has  been  received 
by  the  press.  Even  the  Democratic  papers,  some 
of  them  prominent,  and  in  all  leepects  reputable,  have 
discussed  it  without  a  word  of  condemnation." 

In  dealing  with  the  question  of  paternalism;  the 
editor  of  the  Manufacturers'  Record,  which  journal 
represents  important  industrial,  railroad  and  financial 
Interests,  sa j  s : 

"Many  objections  will  be  made  to  this  bill  of  Mr. 
Brownlow's.  Some  of  these  objections  will  come  from 
honest  men — men  who  were  taught  a  different  theory 
of  government  from  that  which  exists  to  day.  The 
greatest  objections,  however,  will  come  from  two 
classes — first,  those  who  afftrct  to  regard  it  as  pater- 
nalism in  the  government,  and  those  who  belong  to  a 
class  of  politicians  who,  to  be  consistent,  must  be  nn 
progressive;  who  sit  in  darkness  on  the  dry  branches 
of  a  dead  era  and  brood  over  the  past,  and  hoot  at 
those  who  prefer  to  live  among  the  green  branches  of 
prosperity  and  influence.  Such  politicians  as  these 
consider  prejudices  as  an  evidence  of  wisdom  and 
patriotism.  They  vent  their  indignation  against  all 
v(ho  do  not  sing  the  lugubrious  song  of  their  infinite 
pessimism." 

The  objection  raided  becanse  of  the  so  called  pater 
nalism  in  this  bill  is  puerile,  inconsistent  and  irra 
tional.      It  is  pure  demagogy.      The  regulation  of 
public  affairs  by  the  government  is  not  paternalism. 
The  building  of  postoffices,  the  carrying  of  the  mails, 


the  collection  of  the  revenues,  the  regulation  of  com 
merce  and  the  building  of  highways,  are  all  objects 
in  which  every  class  is  interet-ted.  These  things  do 
not  enter  into  the  private  life  of  a  citizen.  Should 
the  General  Government  prescribe  "  what  we  shall 
eat,  or  what  we  shall  drink,  or  wherewithal  we  shall 
be  clothed,"  it  would  be  paternalistic  in  character. 
It  would  indeed  be  an  enervating  paternalism,  de- 
stroying individuality  and  repressing  energy.  The 
government,  in  aiding  to  build  roads,  would  stimu- 
late industrial  activity,  while  it  would,  at  the  same 
time,  arouse  the  highest  ambition  in  the  citizen,  com 
mand  his  lojalty  and  insure  an  ardent  patriotism. 

To  illustrate  that  my  bill  is  regarded  as  piacticable 
by  conservative  men,  I  quote  the  following  from  Col- 
man's  Rural  World,  which  represents  the  farmer  of  the 
great  Middle  West,  and  which  is  edited  by  Hon. 
Norman  J.  Colman,  the  first  Secretary  of  the  U.  S. 
Department  of  Agriculture : 

"The  feeling  is  growing  that  some  sort  of  systemlzed 
effort  is  necessary  involving  a  broader  scope  than  ha» 
heretofore  been  generally  accorded.  That  the  effective 
solution  of  the  good  roads  problem  is  too  great  a  task 
for  merely  local  effort,  is  shown  by  the  futile  results. 
The  business  for  constructing  highways  is  a  job  the 
average  farmer  should  not  be  expected  to  tackle.  He 
has  his  hands  full  managing  one  business  already  that 
rf  quires  all  of  his  thought  and  most  of  his  time.  It 
has  been  suggested  that  co  operation  of  National, 
State  and  local  interests  Is  logical,  practicable  and 
essential.  The  logic  of  State  co  operation  is  shown 
by  the  fact  that  the  benefits  accruing  from  the  estab- 
lishment of  public  highways  extend  far  beyond  their 
locality.  Whatever  the  unit  of  organization,  whether 
8tat«,  county,  township  or  road  district,  there  is  no 
doubt  that  concerted  action  is  necessary,  and  that  all 
who  share  in  the  benefits  should  divide  the  costs. 

"The  invoking  of  National  aid  In  building  roads  is 
so  expansive  a  topic  that  it  would  fill  all  the  pages  of 
the  Rural  World  and  then  run  over.  We  have  but  to 
say  at  this  time  that  the  most  rational  thing  we  have 
seen  in  this  connection  is  the  bill  Introduced  in  the 
present  Congress  by  Hon.  Walter  P.  Brownlow,  of 
Tennessee.  The  fundamental  principles  of  the  bill 
are  sound  and  equitable  It  provides  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  bureau  of  public  roads  in  the  Depart 
ment  of  Agriculture.  This  we  have  long  advocated 
as  being  the  first  step  in  the  preliminary  educational 
w^rk  which  must  precede  actual  business  of  organiza- 
tion and  construction. 

"The  Brow(jlow  bill  provides  that  the  director  of 
this  bureau  may  co  operate  with  any  State  or  county, 
and  that  one  half  of  the  expense  of  road  construction 
shall  be  paid  by  the  United  States  Government  only 
when  the  work  actually  progresses  through  local  effort 
and  only  when  the  road  districts  have  raised  the  other 
half  required. 

The  constitutional  provision  is  ample  justification, 
and  the  rural  free  delivery  system  demands  National 
aid.  The  tremendous  growth  of  rural  routes,  and  the 
unanimity  of  opinion  on  their  value  in  bringing  about 
the  revolution  in  country  life,  encourage  the  belief 
that  the  government  will  give  this  matter  the  serious 
consideration  that  It  deserves." 


iSK)3.j 


THE  SOUTHBEN  PLAIJITEB. 


185 


THE 


Southern  Planter 

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SIOHMOND,  VA. 

ISSDED   ON    1st   of   EiCH   MoNTH. 


PUBLISHER'S  NOTES. 


J.  F.  JACKSON, 

Eilitor  and  General  Manager. 

B.  MORGAN  SHEPHERD, 

BTTSINESa  Managbb. 

TERMS  FOR  ADVERTISING. 
Rate  card  furnished  on  application. 


TERMS  OF  SUBSCRIPTION. 
7lBe  SontberB  Planter  is  mailed  to  snb- 
8  irlbers  in  the  United  States  and  Canada  at 
60  ••.  per  annam ;  all  foreign  countries  and  the 
O  ty  of  Richmond,  75c. 

Kemlttauces  should  be  made  direct  to  this 
ounce,  either  by  Reg^lstered  Letter  or  Money 
Order,  which  will  be  at  our  risk.  When  made 
otherwise  we  cannot  be  responsible. 

Wa  Invite  Farmers  to  write  us  on  any 
•Krlouiturai  topic.  We  are  always  pleased  to 
receive  practical  articles.  Criticism  of  Arti- 
cles, Suggestions  How  to  Improve  Thb 
Flantbk,  Descriptions  of  New  Grains,  Roots, 
or  Vegetables  not  generally  known,  Partlcu- 
ism  of  Experiments  Tried,  or  Improved 
Methods  of  Cultivation  are  each  and  all  wel- 
come. Contributions  sent  us  must  not  be  fur- 
nished other  papers  until  after  they  have  ap- 
Mared  In  our  columns.  Rejected  matter  wm 
••  returned  on  receipt  of  postage. 

Address—         THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 

Jt/OHMOMO,  VA. 


Detail  Index  to  Enquirer's 
Column. 

Fertilizer  for  Peanuts  and  Corn 165 

Improving  Land  with  Peas  and  Crim- 
son Clover 165 

Hogs  Pasturing  in  Corn  Field 166 

Renewing  Pasture 166 

Stubap  Pullers^Sweet  Potato  Slips — 

■Tomato  Fertilizer 166 

Peas  for  Hogs 166 

Cow-Peas    and   Corn   as    a    Fodder 
Crop — Crimson    Clover  —  Sulphur 

for  Stock 167 

Cow-Peas  and  Corn 167 

State   Grange — Marl —Mulching  Po- 
tatoes   167 

Renewing  a  Pasture  —  Preparing  Land 

for  Peas 168 

Diseased  Hogs 168 

Plants  Destroyed  by  Moles  or  Mice...  168 

Crimson  Clover— Rape 168 

Ginseng 168 

Silo— S'oring  Cut  Fodder 168 

Kaffir  Corn 168 

Stump    Killer — Disease  in  Hog — 

Breeds  of  Hogs 169 

Tobacco  Growing 169 

China  Tree — Corn  Breeding 169 

Butter  will  not  Come — Grass  for  Pas- 
ture— Sorghum 170 

Watermelons 170 

Wood  Ashes  for  Irish  Potatoes 170 

Alfalfa 170 

Crimson   Clover  in    Cow-Peas    and 

Kaffir  Corn 170 

Beans  for  Name 170 

Cow-Pea  and  Sorghum  Ensilage 170 

Lump  Jaw 170 


Patronize  Our  Advertisers. 

In  this  issue  of  the  Planier  will 
be  found  advertieements  from  all 
the  old  reliable  houses  with  which 
farmers  in  the  South  have  been  do 
ing  business  in  the  past,  and  also 
offers  of  goods  from  scores  of  others 
who  have  never  previously  patron 
ized  our  columns.  We  are  most 
anxious  to  make  this  advertising 
pay  our  patrons,  and  therefore  ap 
peal  to  every  reader  of  the  Planter 
to  read  the  advertisements  as  well 
as  the  body  of  the  journal.  To  do 
this  will  be  a  liberal  education  in 
itself,  and  it  will  bring  home  to 
every  farmer  wh*t  an  enormous 
business  is  done  with  farmers. 
When  you  require  anything  on  the 
farm  just  turn  to  the  advertising 
columns  of  the  Planter  and  it  is  ten 
to  one  that  you  will  there  find  it 
offered.  Patronize  these  men.  They 
are  reliable  men  or  their  adver 
tisements  would  not  be  found  in 
the  Planter.  We  will  see  that  no 
one  who  deals  with  our  advertisers 
is  fleeced  or  faked.  When  you 
write  to  any  advertiser  always  say 
you  saw  the  advertisement  in  the 
Planter  This  helps  us  to  make  the 
journal  more  helpful  to  each  farm- 
er, as  it  ersures  us  the  patronage 
of  the  advertisers.  We  could  not 
afford  to  issue  The  Planter  for  50 
cents  per  year  without  a  liberal 
support  from  advertisers. 


WITH  OUR  ADVERTISERS. 

Dr.  Cecil  French  wants  all  kinds  of  live 
wild  birds  and  animals.  He  has  an  ad. 
elsewhere  in  this  issue. 

Messrs.  Heatwole  &  Suter  are  offering 
some  nice  Scotch  topped  Shorthorn  cat 
tie.     Look  up  their  ad. 

Dr.  R.  K.  Gregory,  a  well-known  phy- 
sician, has  something  very  compliment- 
ary to  say  in  another  column  regarding 
the  Keeley  Institute  at  Greensboro,  N.  C. 

The  Rife  Engine  Co.  of  New  York  re- 
sumes its  advertising  with  this  number. 
The  Rife  Hydraulic  Ram  is  well  known 
to  numbers  of  our  readers,  and  to  those 
who  have  not  investigated  its  merits,  we 
beg  to  suggest  that  they  get  a  catalogue 
at  once. 

The  Call- Watt  Co.  is  advertising  Agri- 
cultural Implements  and  Machinery  in 
this  number. 


'S  "TRADE 

Farm  Seeds 

are  the  best  that  can  be  obtained 
—free  from  weed  seeds  and  impur- 
ities and  of  St  ong  germinat  ng 
qualities,  it  is  very  important  if 
you  desire  to  -secure  good  f- lands 
and  good  crops  to  purchase  the 
hiahest  grade  seeds  obtainable. 
This  you  can  always  do  bv  pur- 
chasing "Wood's  Trade  Mark 
Brand  "  of  Farm  Feeds. 

Wood's  New  Seed  Book  for  1903 

mailed  on  request  tells  all  about 

Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds, 
urass  and  Clover  Seeds, 

Seed  Potatoes,  Seed  Oats, 
Tobacco,  Seed  Corn, 
Cow  Peas,  Soja,  Velvet  and 
Navy  Beans,  Sorghums, 
Broom  Corn,  Kaffir  Corn, 
Peanuts,  Millet  Seed,  etc. 
Write  for  Seed  Book  and  prices 
of  any  Farm  Seeds  required, 

T.  W.  WOOD  &  SONS, 

Seedsmen,    Richmond,  Va. 


Sows  OF  Drills 


!  Stevens 
Fertilszer 
i  Sower 


ills  200  tn 


All  Com- 
mercial 
Fertilizers 


Broad  Tired  Wheels  Make  V-.^hi  Draft 


BelcKer  Q   Tayloj-  A.  T.  Co., 
es  Chicooee  Falls,  Mas: 


Don't  Mnnkey  with   ^'DCCDI    CCO    II 
anything  but  the        rCSlllLCOO) 

If  it  is  clean,  unbroken 
peas  you  want.  The 
•'PEERLESS  "is  easy  to 
operate.light  to  handle, 
strongand  durable,  ele- 
gantly finished.  It  will 
clean  peas  to  perfec- 
tion, also  millet,  sor- 
ghnni  seed  and  velvet 
beans.  J.  E.  Sanders's 
latest  improved,  fully 
guaranteed.  We  pay 
freights.  Write  to-day 
for  prices,  address, 
PEERLESS    PEA  HULLER  CO.,  Box  V,  Gallon  Ga 


'-»ujsr 


186 


THE  SOtrrflEEH  PLAUTBB. 


[March 


A  new  advertiser  in  this  issue  is  the 
S.  Freeman  &  Sons  Mfg.  Co.  They  have 
a  splendid  windinill,  in  which  our  sub- 
scribers sliouUi  become  interested. 

The  -Etna  Life  Insurance  Co.  publishes 
its  annual  statement  in  another  column. 
If  our  readers  will  take  the  trouble  to 
compare  this  statement  with  the  one 
published  last  March,  they  will  find  that 
this  well  known  old  company  is  getting 
its  share  of  life  insurance. 

Currie  Bros.,  of  Milwaukee,  are  adver- 
tising clover  seed,  which  it  is  claimed 
will  make  42  tons  to  the  acre.  In  this 
section,  if  we  can  make  as  many  tons  as 
are  represented  by  the  first  figure  above, 
we  think  we  are  doing  well.  This,  how- 
ever is  Egyptian  clover,  which  it  is 
claimed  yields  42  tons  to  three  cuttings. 
It  might  be  well  to  investigate  this  new 
grass. 

The  Belcher  &  Taylor  Agricultural 
Tool  Co.  has  two  ads.  in  this  number. 
We  invite  the  attention  of  our  readers  to 
both  of  them. 

Mr.  Henry  Blosser  is  advertising  Short- 
horns again  with  us  this  season. 

Mr  A.  M.  D.  Holloway,  Philadelphia, 
has  an  ad.  of  the  Hardie  Spray  Pumps  in 
this  number.  He  is  the  Eastern  repre- 
sentative of  this  concern,  as  well  as  the 
Lansing  Tubular  Silo,  which  will  also  be 
found  advertised  in  this  issue. 

We  have  a  new  advertiser  of  fencing 
in  this  issue  in  the  person  of  the  Inter- 
national Fence  and  Fireproofing  Co.  Look 
np  the  card  among  the  fence  ads. 

The  Meadowvale  Farm  of  Lutherville, 
Md.,  is  also  a  new  comer  in  this  issue. 
There  are  two  ads.  of  this  firm— one 
ofl'ering  live  stock  and  the  other  poultry. 
It  is  worth  while  to  look  up  these  ads. 

Some  nice  Line-bred  Plymouth  Rocks 
are  olfered  by  E.  F.  Somers. 

The  American  Stock  Food  Co.  ofifers  to 
send  a  trial  package  of  its  food  under 
conditions  mentioned  in  its  ad. 

The  B.  B.  Fence  Co.  of  Racine,  Wis.,  is 
after  the  trade  of  the  farmers  of  this 
section. 

A  public  sale  of  Thoroughbred  Stock 
at  Hagerstown,  Md.,  is  booked  for  March 
12th.     Mr.  H.  L.  Strite,  manager  of  the 


City  op  Toledo,  \  ^^ 
Li'CAS  County,  / 

Frank  J.  Cheney  makes  oath  that  he 
is  the  senior  partner  of  the  firm  of  F.  J. 
Cheney  &  Co.,  doing  business  in  the  city 
of  Toledo,  county  and  Stiite  aforesaid, 
and  that  said  firm  will  pay  the  sum  of 
ONE  HUNDRED  DOLLARS  for  each 
and  every  case  of  Catauuh  that  cannot 
be  cured  bv  the  use  of  Hall's  Catarrh 
Curb.  frank  J.  CHENEY. 

Sworn  to  before  me  and  subscribed  in 
mv  presence  this  6th  day  of  December, 
,>iL_,  A.D.  1886. 
/  8KAL.  \  A.  W.  GLEASON, 

I  ■_  .     '  >  Notary  Public. 

Hall's  Catarrh  Cure  is  taken  internally, 
and  acts  directly  on  the  blood  and  mu- 
cous surfaces  of  the  system.  Send  for 
testimonials,  free.  „    „  ,    ,     ^ 

F.  J.  CHENEY  &  CO.,  Toledo,  0. 
Ii^Sold  by  druggists,  75c. 
Hall'B  Family  Pills  are  the  best. 


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QUfCKHEAUm  POWERS. 

//V  THE  TRFATMENT  OF  DISEASES  REQUIRING 
AN  EFFICACIOUS  EXTERNAL  ffEyfEDY.=^=^- 


V.\^l\S:\MA^V\\i\iUV\m, 


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cRi   BRQSi^C? 

SOLE  PRO  PR  ( ETOP.S  -^ 

BALTIMORE,  m.a 


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EXACT  SIZE  OF  BOTTLE. 

TAXLEL   NO    STrBSTITXTTE. 


1903.J 


THE  BOUTHERN   l-LANTKli 


187 


sale,  haB  a  half-page  ad.  elsewhere  in  this, 
number.  Our  intormation  is  that  some 
splendid  stock  in  the  shape  of  Shorthorns 
and  Berkshires  is  going  to  be  offered.  We 
feel  satisfied  that  any  of  our  readers  who 
can  attend  the  sale  will  tind  it  profitable 
to  do  80.  For  further  particulars,  look 
up  the  ad.  and  address  Mr.  Strite 

Some  nicely-bred  Red  Polled  cattle  are 
oflered  by  W.  S.  Foster,  Blackeburg,  Va. 
Look  up  his  ad.  for  further  particulars. 

Yager's  Liniment,  for  nan  and  beast, 
is  advertised  as  usual  in  this  number. 
Nearly  all  the  drug  and  country  stores 
hare  it  in  stock. 

Notice  the  change  in  the  ad.  of  the 
Forest  Home  Farm  in  this  issue. 

The  International  Stock  Food  Co.  has 
a  full-page  ad.  elsewhere  in  this  issue. 
They  are  offering  a  large  cash  sum  for  an 
article,  for  which  any  farmer  or  student 
of  an  agricultural  college  can  compete. 
Look  up  the  ad.  and  enter  the  oompe- 
ti_tion. 

The  well-known  house  of  the  A.  B. 
Farquhar  Co.  has  a  couple  of  ads.  in  this 
issue,  to  which  we  invite  the  attention  of 
our  readers. 

The  Castalia  Herefords  are  in  nice 
shape  this  spring,  as  evidenced  by  a  let- 
ter from  Mr.  Boocock  and  a  half  page  ad. 
of  them  in  this  number. 

The  Electric  Wheel  Co.  of  Quincy,  111., 
has  two  ads.  in  this  number,  to  which  we 
ask  the  attention  of  our  readers. 

"  How  to  Grow  Melons  "  is  the  title  of 
a  pamphlet,  which  B.  W.  Stone  &  Co., 
Tfaomasville,  Ga.,  will  mail  free. 

Yager's  Sarsaparilla  with  Celery  is 
offered  in  third  of  a  page  space  in  this 
issue.  The  makers  furnish  splendid  tes- 
timonials as  to  its  value. 

Fleming  Bros.,  Chemists,  22  Union 
Yards,  Chicago,  are  advertising  their 
well-known  remedies  with  us.  Look  up 
the  ad.  and  send  for  interesting  free  cata- 
logue treating  the  various  diseases  of 
horses  and  cattle. 

The  Bowmont  Farms  advise  us  that 
they  are  having  numerous  inquiries  for 
large  Yorkshire  hogs. 

The  Pasteur  Vacine  Co.  is  advertising 
its  well-known  Black  Legine  in  another 
column. 

Look  up  the  ad.  of  the  Ames  Plow  Co. 
They  are  offering  a  lot  of  useful  and  val- 
uable tools  for  market  gardeners. 

Herefords  and  Do.  sets  are  offered  by 
H.  Armstrong. 

Spravers  are  advertised  by  the  F.  B. 
Smith  'iMfg.  Co.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Farm  Bells,  Spraying  outfits  and  Farm 
Machinery  are  offered  by  Eclipse  Hard- 
ware and  Mfg.  Co.,  Shiloh,  Va. 

Hurraw  &  Son  have  a  Sprayer  about 
which  they  would  like  to  tell  our  readers. 

R.  W.  Haw,  Jr. ,  of  Centralia,  Va.,  is 
offering  some  nice  Brown  Leghorns. 
Get  his  prices. 

J.  M.  Hughes  sends  us  a  good  recom- 
mendation as  to  fair  dealing  with  his 
customers.  He  has  two  ads.  elsewhere 
in  this  issue. 

The  splendid  Hackney  stallion  "  Cis- 
mont '"  is  making  the  season  at  Keswick. 


FOUNDED 

1802. 


QOLD  MEDALS : 

Paris,  1900.     Pan-American,  1901. 


J^'^ 


For  over  a  hundred  years  have  been^universally  recognized 
as  the  standard  of  excellence.  They  received  the  GOLD 
MEDALS  (the  highest  award)  both  at  the  Paris  Exposition 
of  1900  and  at  the  Pan-American,  1901. 

QUP  — the    I02d   successive    annual   edition — -con- 

y^_|.^|_  _.-_  tains  a  more  complete  assortment  and  fuller 
^*"Q'"y*J'^  cultural  directions  than  any  other  seed  annual 
published.  It  is  beautifully  illustrated,  not  with  highly  colored 
exaggerations,  but  with  the  finest  half-tones  from  life  photo- 
graphs. It  contains  128  large  size  pages,  and  in  addition  16 
full  page  half-tone  plates,  and  is  in  every  respect  and  with- 
out exception  the  most  complete,  most  reliable,  and  most 
beautiful  of  American  Garden  Annuals.  We  will  mail  it  free 
on  receipt  of  10  cents  in  stamps,  which  amount  may  be 
deducted  from  your  first  seed  order.  .... 

MOPkCt  ^"^^    invited  to  send   for  our  special  price-list 

l^^^t^Hi^-n^ns  °^  high-class  vegetable  seeds  for  truckers  and 
vlQI  vIv-llCl  ^  large   market  growers.     It  contains  all  sorts 
of  approved  merit. 

J.  M.  THORBURN  &  CO.^ 

36  Cortlandt  Street  NEW  YORK. 


The  TomdLto 

never  has  been  produced  that  can  equal  in 
flavor  and  fine  form  our 

NEW  CENTURY  TOMATO. 

Bred  and  trained  for  years,  this  tomato  is  extra  large 
and  heavy,  hardy,  early,  free  from  blight,  and  will  not 
crack  nor  scald.     Pronounced  by  growers  remarkably 

solid,  full  fleshed  and  free  from  seed.  The  right  size  and  color  to  bring  the 
price  on  the  market,  it  pleases  the  eve  and  brings  most  money.  Ships  and 
keepsunusually  well.  800  bus.  per  acre  is  the  record  for  this  tomato  and  the 
seed  is  all  controlled  by  us.  Write  to-day  forour  new  illustrated  catalogue. 
showing  our  New  Leader  Cabbage,  Dark  Fortune  Cucumber.  Ruby  King 
Ra.dish,  Rocky  Ford  Cantaloupe,  Alaska  Peas,  Valentine  Beans.  Gradus 
» and  all  of  our  big  line  of  garden  and  field  seeds.  It  is  free.  Write  r 
J.  BOLGIANO  (S.  SON.  Dept.  P  7.  Ba^ltii 


When  corresponding  -wltli  Advertisers,  al'ways  mention 
Tlie  Southern  Planter* 


188 


THE  SOUTHERN  PIANTBB. 


[March 


The  No.  8 
"PlaLnet  Jr." 

Horse    Hoe  and 
C\i]tivator 


is  without  doubt  the  best,  best  known 
and  most  larsely  used  one  horse  cultivator 
in  ihe  world.  Th.re  is  not  a  civilized 
country  en  the  Blobe  in  which  it  is  not 
known  and  used.  This  could  not  be  so 
if  it  did  not  possess  true  merit  and  worth. 
It  has  a  laree  number  of  atl.ichnients 
which  make  it  readily  adaptable  to  all 
u^es  and  nearly  all  crops.  Note  the  two 
standing  upritht  is  for 


the 


idlh. 


the 


width  of  the  _ 

The  other  lever  operates  the~wheci"an"d 
depth  recul.itor  simultaneously  to  a  ni- 
of  the  very  best  materi- 


al througho 


ilh 


ill  last  indefinitely, 
ite  with  potato  erowers.  truck  fanners 
and  {general  farmers.  It  is  but  one  of  our 
fifty  seeding  and  cultivating  implements, 
including  plain  and  combined  Seed  Sow- 
f,"'„  .^^I'cel  Hoes.  Hand  Cultivators, 
W  alkme  Cultivators  and  One  and  Two- 
horse  Kiding  cultivators.  Special  Sugar 
Beet  Tools,  etc.  Our  new  1W3  catalogue 
"■''."%■  „M  '^'  "!"'"S  over  100  illustrations 
wu.i  full  (lesciiptinns  and  prices.  It  costs 
you  nothing  and  will  niake  you  money. 
\\  iile  lor  It  at  once. 
S.L.  AT.T.KNft  CO., 
Box  ilof-X 
Fhiladelphi: 


GET ^ GOOD 
W^IND   MltL 


Don't  buy  a  poor  wind  mill.  Dont 
pay  a  double  price.  Send  dirtrt  lo 
cur  factory  for  catalogue  of  the 

FreemaLn 
Steel  Wind  Mills 

and  four  post  ancle  steel  towerc.  A 
cuiM!  letc  line  of  pumping  ar.^  power 
mills  of  the  hichest  crade  at  exlreme- 
1>  low  prices.  We  can  save  you 
money  on  a^oo<f  article. 
S.  Freeman  ®  Sons  Nf^.  Co.. 
110  Hamilton  St..  Elacine.  Wis. 


Wagon  World  Awheel. 

Half  a  million  of  thvsse  steel 
wheels  have  been  sent  out  on 
our  ow  n  wagons  and  to  fit  other 
wagons.    It  is  the  wheel  that 
determines  the    life   of     any 
wagon,  and  this  is  the  longest 
}  lived  wheel  madr.  Do  yoti  want 
I  a  low  down  Handy  Wagon  to 
iiseaboulthe  place?  Wewillflt 
out  your  old  wagon  with  Elec- 
tric Wheels  of  any  size  and 
any  shnpe   tire,  ftraiL'ht  or  fitaK- 
eere<l  spokes.    No  rra'kt  li  tnibs.  no 
■nlien  Iel|..e?,  no  resetting-.     Writu  for 
„.^  ..,„ 'iinie.    Ills  tree. 

Electric  Wheel  Co.,  Box  146  Quincy,  Ills. 


looa*^ 


Fee,  $10,  with  the  usual  return  privilege 
or  $15  to  insure.  There  is  a  half-page  ad. 
(jf  Mr.  Lindenkohl,  the  owner,  elsewhere 
in  this  numher. 

The  F.  S  Peck  Co.  have  an  interesting 
offer  for  poultrymen  in  another  column. 

MAGAZINES. 

The  frontispiece  of  the  March  Century, 
a  half-tone  reproduction  of  the  William 
M.  Chase  portrait  l)y  John  S.  Sargent, 
posses-sea  unusual  interest.  This  picture 
of  a  noted  American  artist,  the  work  of  a 
fellow-painter  equally  distinguished, 
holds  high  rank  among  the  best  exam 
pies  of  American  portraiture,  and,  it  is 
hoped,  will  find  permanent  place  in  the 
.Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art  in  New 
York  City,  a  testimonial  to  Mr.  Chase, 
"on  account  of  his  unceasing  devotion 
to  American  students  and  American 
art."  Other  illustrations  of  more  than 
ordinary  interest  in  the  March  Century 
are  Ernest  Blumenscheiu's  eighteen 
ctrawings  of  typical  characters  and  scenes 
vivifying  Ray  ^tannard  Baker's  "The 
Great  Northwest,"  G.  W  Peters'  strong 
sketches  for  Jacob  A.  Riis'  "  In  the  Gate 
way  of  Nations,''  VV.  L.  Jacobs'  sympa- 
thetic picturing  of  "  The  Passmg  of  El- 
kanah  Ritter"  and  Fanny  Y.  Cory's 
dainty  coi.ceptions  for  jNIadieon  Cawein's 
"  There  are  Fairies." 

Ray  Stannard  Baker's  series  of  articles 
on  "The  Great  Southwest,"  published 
last  year  in  the  Century,  won  favor  that 
means  a  welcome  for  the  new  series  on 
"The  Great  Northwest,"  whose  begin- 
ning is  the  leading  article  in  the  March 
Century.  To  many  readers  the  story  of 
the  Northwest's  march  of  events,  which 
in  the  last  eight  years  have  moved  "with 
a  rapidity  which  must  always  remain  a 
world's  wonder,"  will  have  the  charm, 
aside  from  its  picturesque  telling,  of  land 
and  life  as  novel  and  unfamiliar  as  if 
from  another  world.  The  illustrations, 
froai  drawings  by  Ernest  Blumenschein, 
add  much  to  the  interest  and  value  of 
the  narrative.  Jacob  A.  Riis'  "  In  the 
Gateway  of  Nations,"  contains  authori- 
tative information  touching  phases  of  life 
little  known  to  mott  Americans,  and 
leaves  the  reader  with  a  kindly  feeling 
for  these  humble  pilgrims  from  the  Old 
World  to  the  New.  Allied  in  interest  is 
the  article  immediately  following,  Gus- 
tave  Michaud's  "What  Shall  We  Be?"  a 
discussion  of  the  coming  race  in  Ameri- 
ca, illustrated  from  photographs  furnish- 
ed by  the  author.  Our  native  stock,  Mr. 
Michaud  says,  is  becoming  a  small  mi- 
nority, and  the  nature,  exteat  and  prob- 
able influence  of  the  human  current 
flowing  from  the  Old  World  to  the  New 
are  matters  of  vital  importance.  Mr. 
Michaud's  figures  and  inferences  are  fol- 
lowed by  comments  thereon  by  Franklin 
H.  Giddings,  Professor  of  Sociology  at 
Columbia  University.  George  Buchanan 
Fife'.  "The  So  Called  Tobacco  Trust," 
another  of  the  Century's  notable  series 
on  the  great  business  combinations  of  the 
day,  is  very  readable. 

St.  Nicholas  this  month  not  only  temnts 
its  young  friends  to  read,  but  sets  them 
to  thinking  about  their  books  and  gives 
them  some  helpful  hints  on  how  to  read 
for  the  best  results.    The  editor  of  the 


Ohamberlui  Mfg.  Co.,  Olean,  N.  T.,  D.  8.  A. 

stUtTpZ^" 

PULLERS 


All  Sizes  and  Prices.     Catalogue  Free. 
MOHLANO  &  COMPANY, 

BURLINGTON,  IOWA. 


HERCULES  STUMP  PULLER 


Clears  an  acre  •f  heavy  tlmberland  each  day. 
Clears  all  stumps  in  a  circle  of  150  ft.  without 
inoTiDg  or  changing    machine.     Strongest, 
most  rapid  working  and  best  made. 
Hercules  Mfg.  Co..  413  17thSt..Centr«vllle,  lowi 


bostboh's  improved  parm  livel 

Pafd   IS02.  „„„  ^„o   WITHOUT  TELtSCOPE 

Is  no  MAKESHIFT,  but  the 


Ditching  and  Driinage.  Price 
$S  .and  Jio,  including  Tripod 
and  Rod.  Send  for  descriptive 
circulars  and  Treatise  on  Ter- 


Bostrotn,  Brady  Hfg.  Co., 

W.  Alabama  St.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 


DEHORNER  oSwnner 
•PROVED      — =^fe»  Cuaranteetl 

THOUSANDS  IN  USE.  _^ 

Aak  Tour  hardw.ire  dc.ilcr  for  them  or  WTlU 
■•  B.  BBOWN  MFG.  CO.,    •    •    DEOATVlitlU* 


IHE  80UTHEBI1   PLAJfTEK 


18s^ 


orn  Planting 


aca   tertiiizing  go  nana  in  band,  w-k 

You   can  plant  in  hills,  drills  or    0 

^^_      checks  and  put  in  thegrround  all  com- 

^CseC     mercial  or  home  made  fertilizers  in 

any  condition, as  wet, lumpy, etc.  with 


THE  ECLIPSE 


Corn  Planter  and 

Fertiiezer  Distributer, 

With  Improved  Row  Marker. 

Adaptedas  well  to  Peas,  Beans,  Beets,  etc. 
Hills  6  to  45  inches  apart.  Distributes  50  to 
■150  lbs.  fertilizer  per  acre.  Wide  and  easy 
adjustment.  Light  draft,  weight  150  lbs. 
Ei^-y  to  handle,  a  model  for  accuracy  and 
durability.  Investigate  our  Eclipse  Two 
Row  Two  Horse  Planter.  Agents  wanted  in 
new  territory.  Write  for  circulars  and  terms. 
BELCHER    &  TAYLOR    A.    T.    CO., 

Box     25   ,Chlcopee  Falls,  Mass. 


n^BAiSY&%^?or 


'22  l>  33 1'irhes  ar^rt.  8  extr%  feed  wheela  for  fertilizer  a< 
tachment  drills  20  to6'J">  Ibsferiilizer  per  acre.  Groand  whpcl  i: 
front  CI  1  be  nisedorlowerpd  f"r  deep  or  shallow  plantini 
CitrarinjscaabesupTilipd  for  dropping:  ordrilliD?peu5,) 


cream 

^^    All  al...iu  llii-in 


SEPARATORS 


aery.       A.  H.  REID,  Philadelphii 


Book8  and  Reariing  department  invites 
the  girls  and  boys  to  send  in  lists  of  the 
book  friends  they  have  made  since  1903 
began,  to  tell  whether  they  like  or  dis- 
like "Water  Babies,"  Lamb's  "Tales  from 
.Shakespeare,"  and  "Alice  in  Wonder- 
land," with  reasons  for  their  judgment, 
and  to  write,  illustrating  if  they  wish, 
accounts  of  their  favorite  place  for  read- 
ing, prizes  being  promised  for  the  best 
work.  The  clasBitioation  of  books  as 
"spectacles,"  "kaleidoscope"  and  "micro- 
scope" books,  and  the  suggestions  on  how 
to  read  and  t^st  worth-while  books  should 
be  of  great  help  to  thoughtful  girls  and 
boys. 

The  March  Lippincott's  Magazine  con- 
tains a  new  novel  bv  the  author  of  "Fruit 
Out  of  Sea'^on  "  This,  Mary  Moss'  lates:t 
story,  is  called  "Julian  Meldohia,'  and 
Lippincott's  is  again  so  fortunate  as  to 
secure  it.  It  is  a  story  of  society,  yet 
having  a  curious  element  not  met  with  in 
tlifi  usual  society  novel.  It  is  handled 
wiih  the  characteristic  breeziness  and  re 
freshing  vigor  that  was  a  strong  feature 
in  Mii-8  Moss'  eailier  work,  and  critics 
pre  lict  for  her  a  future  of  no  ordinary 
kind. 

There  are  niue  short  stories  in  the 
March  Lippincott's  of  plea  ing  variety 
and  bv  many  names  well  known  in  mag- 
azinedom:  Cy  Warman's  animal  stories 
ate  as  popular  as  are  those  of  the  "rail 
road."  This,  entitled  "The  Fidelity  of  a 
Dog  "  is  strictlv  good  "Told  After  Din- 
ner," by  EUa'Middleton  Tybout,  may 
'come  home"  to  some  Senator  or  Mem- 
ber of  Congress  at  Washington.  Phrebe 
Lvde  calls  her  story  "Tiberius  the  Tru- 
ant," after  a  pet  lamb,  "Tiberius"  A 
neculiarly  powerlul  tale  bv  Clara  Eliza- 
beth Ward  is  callfd  "The  Regeneration 
of  Mary  Mather."  It  ilirealens  a  tragedy 
but  ends  happily.  "The  Other  ^ide  of 
Boss,"  by  Jerome  Case  Bull,  is  a  spirited 
story  of  a  Western  logging  camp  "Pis 
cator  and  the  I'eri,"  a  young  6sherman's 
love  storv,  is  by  Henry  Wysham  Lanier, 
who  is.  bv  the  way,  a  son  of  the  gifted 
poet,  Sidney  Lanier.  He  possesses  the 
family  talent  in  a  marked  degree.  The 
stock  exchange  is  the  scene  of  a  remark 
ably  g)id  storv  called  "The  Bull  in 
Lamb-Skin,"  bv  Edward  Childs  Carpen 
ter.  A  story  "of  the  mines  of  Clinton 
Dangerfield,  called  "The  Wheel  of  For- 
tune," is  a  happy  illustration  of  the  best 
man  winning  with  a  woman's  timely  aid. 
The  March  n  mber  closes  with  an  en 
tr'acte  entitled  "Ten  Minutes,"  by  A.  H. 
Shirres. 

In  a  paper  by  Mrs.  Sara  Yoke  Steven- 
son in  ihe  March  Lippincott's  Masiazine 
some  present  day  abni^es  are  lishtly 
pointed  out,  interspersed  with  anecdotes. 
The  title  is  "Intellectual  Communism" 
Ebeii  E.  Rexfoid  gives  sound  advice  to 
cities  as  well  as  villases  in  h  s  artii-le  en- 
titled "Rural  and  Village  Improvement 
Societies." 

THE  FENCE  QUESTION. 
The  increased  number  of  in(|uiries  we 
are  receiving  of  late  in  regard  to  tlie  best 
and  most  economical  means,  evidences 
the  fact  th  t  the  question  of  Fencing  is 
one  of  the  most  important  matter.^  in  the 
minds  of  the  farmers  to  day,  and  that 


Handy  Farm  Wagons 


for  both  the  l 
Tiie  tires  being  wide  they  do  notcuti 
the  laborofioadins  is  reduced  niani 
of  the  short  lift.  They  are  equipped  with  our  fam- 
ous Electric  Steel  Wheel",  eitheretraiprhtorstag- 
per  spokes.  Wheels  any  height  from  24  to  60  inches. 
White  hickory  axles,  steel  hounds.  Guaranteed  to 
carry  40110  lbs.  Why  not  get  started  riphtby  putting 
in  one  of  these  wagons.  We  make  our  ateel  wheels 
to  fit  any  wagon.  Write  for  the  catalog.  It  is  free. 
ELECTRIC  WHEEL  CO..  BOX  146,  QUINCY,  ILL. 


FARMEtiOYS 


3  your  neighbors.  We  beat 


rite  at  once  for  catalogue 
;pticy  plan.     Acracker- 
c^c  Top  lEoesy  QAQ 

J  Economy  Bukk}  Co., 
iBor     J  Cincinnati, Oh loy< 


OUR  LOW  HITCH  DISC  HARROW 

Best,  simplest,  strong- 
est and  most  il  u  r  a  b  I  e 
DI^c  Harrow  made.    All 
steel.      Double  levers. 
Low     hilcb.      Center 
draft.  All  stzes 
With  or  with- 
out seeding 
att-achments. 
Write  for    cir- 
culars   and 
prices 
TOLEDO  PLOW  CO., 


Toledo,  Ohio 


Roderick  Lean 

FARM 

Implements. 

Made  hy  experience  it5" 
workmenof  special  ma 
terial.  Acknowledged  li\ 
farmers  superior  to  all 

Sold  OH  Xlieir  ^lerit-?. 
Spike  Tooth   II  inows     Bprin„'  Tn<  th 
-   Harrows.      Dl^c    Han. 
Land    Rollers.     Hand    V: 

rite  for  catalogae. 

RODERICK  LEAN  I 

MFG 

COMPANY.! 

Mansfield,  Ohio. 


Com  Piantihg 

done,  as  the  fu- 
For  all  purposes, 
in  any  smi,  on  all  kinds  of 
ground  uothiug  equals  the 

SPANGLER 

CORN   PLANTER. 

u\^  \;^»Tf^iYn-  crop.  ^Yon 

\v  itliM:    \vithout  n-rtilizor 

I'tti'  l:i  U'lUsSpanglorLow- 
^n'd  fVr'il.ljiT  Drill.    W  i  le  fur  c  ,ial.«  auj  ore 

SPaWGLEB  IHaMUFACTIimilB  CO.,  50IQ  en  St.,  York,  fa- 
ult DtV  eiC  A  WCCV  And  expenses  to  men 
lit  rfll  ito  fl  ntCK  ^-itb  rigs  to  introduce 

Poultry  Compound.  

INTERNATIONAL  M'F'G.  CO.,  Parsons,  Kan. 


190 


fHB  80DTHBRH   PLAKTJfiK. 


i  March 


IF  WE  DID 
NOT  KNOW 

OUR 

SPRAYER 

AND 
SPRAYING 
MIXTURE 

the  Best  evt-r  de- 
vistd,  we  would 
not  buy  expen- 
sive space  to  tell 
you  about  them. 
WRITE  TO-DAY  and  we  will  send 
you  a  Book  showing  the  benefits  derived 
by  the  use  of  our  Mixtures  and  Spray- 
ing Outfits. 

Lenoi  Sprayer  &  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 

Dopt.  11  PITTSFIELD,  MASS. 


Gei  the  Best 

I 


THE  ECLIPSE 


poo.i  pump.    Asp 
1    fruit     growers 

u^ing  the  com- 
sprayers  -"  ""- 


I 


orchards— (ound 
their  defects  and  then  iuvented 
The  Eclipse.  Its.  success 
practifally  forced  us  into  man- 
ufacturine  on  a  lar^e  scale. 
You  take  no  chances.  We  have 
done  all  the  experimenting. 

Large   fully  illustratfd 

Catnln^ir  and    Treatise 
on  Spraying— FREE. 


MO K BILL  A-  MOBLEY.  Benton  Harbo 


,  Mich. 


A     BIG     C  ROP     OF     FRUIT 


FREE-  3  tH^stal  card  will  irin;^  it. 

«.  M.  HOLLOWAT   Eastern  Agent 
:^^^r^     Builden  Eichange,  Philidelphia 


CPRAY  PUMPC 

■9  Save  Mokky  IB 

^^  BY  Brvi>G  One  of  Ours.  ^^ 
Tbey  will  do  as  macb  work,  being  all  brass 
are  lighter  to  bandle  and  are  more  durable, 
will  generate  ft  higher  pressure  thereby  mak- 
ing them  the  esiHlesl  pumps  to  operate  on  ihe 
market.  Write  forcatj^log  and  get  treatise  on 
spraying  free,  .^senl*  wanieil.  Mention  Ibis 
p«per.  J.  F.  Gatlord  Siiccesttr  to  P.  C.  Lewli 
Manufacturing  Cempan).  Catsklll.  N.  C. 


Hrausers'  Liquid 
Extract  of  Smoke 

^ntui^r^  Iin-ftt  I^Tfvrlly  In  a 

,    .Made  f rum  hickory  wood. 

iirliiiousllavor.  Cleaner, cheafer.  So 

Btiiokebouse  nwnled.  !^eud  for  firvular. 

E.  KK.tl  >KK  Jl  IIBU.,  MIIIoo,  Pa. 


more  thoaght  is  being  given  to  it  each 
year.  There  ie  nothing  a  fanner  can  so 
foolishly  waste  money  on,  or  that  oflEers 
a  greater  field  of  econbtny,  than  the  item 
of  Fencing.  A  cheap  fence  in  quality,  as 
well  as  in  price,  is  not  economy,  but  a 
good  and  strictly  up-to-date  fence  in  every 
particular  at  a  reasonably  low  price  is 
true  economy.  In  thfa  day  and  age  of  im- 
provement tiieoriinary  fence  is  not  good 
enough  for  the  the  progressive  farmer. 
It  takes  something  more  than  the  ordi- 
nary, and  the  fencing  made  by  the  Coiled 
Spring  Fence  Company,  Winchester,  Ind.. 
it  is  claimed,  fills  all  these  requirements. 
All  of  the  line  wires  are  of  high-carbon 
coileii  spring  wire,  making  it  self-regula- 
ting in  every  particular.  It  is  sold  to  the 
farmer  at  wholesale  price,  and  is  within 
reach  of  all.  It  is.  as  adTertised,  bull- 
strong  and  chicken-tight,  and  sold  at  a 
price  below  many  of  the  styles  of  fence 
now  on  the  market.  The  Coiled  Spring 
Fence  Company,  Winchester,  Ind.,  whose 
advertisement  you  will  find  elsewhere  in 
this  isau«,  will  take  pleasure  ia  sending 
any  one  (»talogue  and  full  particulars 
regarding  this  Fencing  for  the  asking. 

PROF.  BLAIR  OX   SPRAY  OUTFITS. 

In  his  address  before  the  Apple  Grow- 
ers Congress,  at  its  first  meeting  in  St- 
Louis  in  November  last.  Prof.  Blair  made 
these  sensible  statements  in  regard  to 
spraying  outfits : 

"  I  would  say  we  must  be  careful  about 
the  apparatus  we  use  in  spraying.  Just 
any  old  pump  and  any  kind  of  nozzle 
will  not  do.  We  must  have  the  best  ap- 
paratus obtainable,  and  must  use  a  pump 
of  great  power,  to  produce  the  mist-like 
spray  which  is  so  necessary.  As  commer- 
cial growers,  we  must  consider  the  ad- 
visability of  using  more  power.'ul  pumps 
than  many  of  us  have  been  using.  And, 
too,  we  must  pay  more  attention  to  get- 
ting the  mixture  properly  made.  Thase 
are  the  details  of  spraying  to  which  I 
would  ca'il  especial  attention." 

The  Field  Force  Pump  Company,  of 
Elmira,  N.  Y.,  claim  for  their  sprayers 
magnificent  power,  which,  with  their  ex- 
cellent nozzles,  make  the  finest,  most 
mist-like  spray,  covering  all  sides  and 
every  part  of  leaf,  fruit  and  flower.  Their 
automatic  agitators  keep  the  mixture 
thoroughly  stirre  i,  preventing  spoiling 
foliage  with  too  much  poison  The  au- 
tJmatic  brushes  used  on  their  agitators 
prevents  the  clogging  of  the  pump  or 
nozzles. 

IN  1845  AND  NOW. 

The  inside  front  cover  of  the  Deering 
''Golden  Era"  catalogue  for  1903  contains 
a  story  without  words.  .\  section  of  the 
Ch  cago  River  as  it  was  in  1S45  is  pic- 
tured. It  shows  an  Indian  wigwam,  In- 
dians in  canoes  and  upon  the  banks  of 
the  river ;  there  are  no  signs  of  civiliza- 
tion. 

On  the  same  page  is  shown  the  river  at 
the  same  point,  as  it  is  to-day,  ftill  of  ships 
and  lined  with  docks.  The  banks  con- 
tain the  great  Peering  works,  S5  acres  of 
buildings  and  a  veritable  hive  of  indus- 
try. A  marvelous  change  and  one  that 
has  taken  place  in  less  than  fifty  years. 


T  IS  beyond  qjcsiion  the  most  perfect  and  effective 
SPRAYER  and  FIRE  EXTINGUISHER  ever 
vrnied.  and  supplies  a  universal  want  In  vanety  of 
Tvice.  stmplictly  of  constructron  and  ease  of  opera- 
yn.  It  has  no  equal  Ask  for  catalo^e  and  price, 
hich   costs   you   nothing      AGENTS   WANTED^ 

F.B.SAMTH    AVFG.CO., 

355  MAIN  ST.   BUFFALO. N.Y. 


A  Kant-Klog 

SPRAYER 

We  want  to  send  into  every  town  ^^I^^T^T 
and  county  a  sample  of  our  now  ^F  M%M^^^ 
sell-operating  Kant-Klog  Sprayer. 
No  farmer,  fruit  or  vej^iable  grower  can  afford  to 
be  without  one.  They  mcrea.«e  crops  both  in  quan- 
tity and  qualirv.  and  double  vour  vearly  profit, 

TO  AGENTS:  ff^i^^.tr^  l:.".';,"." 

sold  and  delivered  660  machines  ao.i  has  100   more   sold  for 
later  deliTenr.  With  the  complete  detailed  io*inicti©BS»e  send 

Foi'farther'informatioa  *.infess, 

RoctiesterSprayPumpCO..  21  East  Av.  Rochester.  N  v 


e  SPRAY  PUMPS 

Save  your  fruit  and  make 
money.  The  Daisy  is  15  yrs.  old 
and  200,000  in  use.  Has  every  im- 
provement—rubber hose,  perfect 
nozzles  and  valves.  >'o  l.tln  tl..50; 
!,  iron.?'-:  No.  5,  brass,  $4.  We  pay  ex- 
press.   Agents  wanted.    Catalogue  free. 

HL'RRAW  &  SON,  Box  2,  Wilmot,  Ohio. 


FREE 


From  ansieiy  over 
wash  dav,  are  all  who 
use  a  OILLEY  QUE'EN 
WA  HER  We  guaran- 
tee it  to  be  the  best.  A 
trial  machine  sent  at 
factory  price.  Agents 
wanted  for  exclusive 
territory.     Write  for 

cataiogue    with    full   description.     We    will 

surei>'  pleai-e  you. 
LYONS  WASHING  MACHINE  CO..  Lyons,  Mich. 


Mention    th?    So^Mhrm    Planter   when 
writing  advaiisera. 


1903.] 


THE  SOTJTHEEN  PLAIITEK. 


191 


THE   "LANSING"  PERFECT 
TUBULAR   SILO 

IS  THE    BEST  SILO   MADE. 


A.  M.  D.  HOLLOWAY 

Builders'  Exchange,  Phila.,  Pa.,  D. 

Write  for  Catalogue  and  price. 


S.  A. 


YOU  OUGHT  TO  KNOW  BETTER 

About  the  B  B.  Stays.  They  make  a  cheap 
strong  fence  with  barber  coil  wire.  Easily 
bandied  as  nails,  self  locking,  can't  slip, 
and  no  machine  necessary.  Tbey  are  made 
of  heavy,  hard  wire,  and  won't  wlit  down. 
Try  a  basketful  to  stiffen  the  old  fencing 
(barb  or  woven  wire),  and  you  will  use 
nothing  else  to  build  new  fence.  We  sell 
coll  wire  too.       The  B.  B.  FENCE  CO., 

14th  and  Clark  Sis  ,  Racine.  Wis. 


WIRE  fence; 

Heavy  lateral  wires,  heavy  hard  steel  st«yB, 
oolled  iprlns  wire,  Sure  Grip  lock.  In  strength, 
•ppearanoc,  and  durability,  the  Hard  StMI 
onset  be  excelled.  Write  for  cataloene  and 
prioei.       THE  HARD  STEEL  WIRE  FENCE  CO  . 

Cuyahaga  Falls,  Ohio 


■^  -  f  ■  f  Genuine  spiral  Spring  wire 
Ji=r==t^      FENCES  HND  GATES 


denier  does  not  have  our 

;k  \'ou  can  buv  direct 

jf.icturers"   Price.    Write 

logue  and  secure  agency. 

INTERNATIONAL  FENCE  AND  F.  CO- 
Columbus,  Ohio. 


Caives  Fenced 

■with  Page  Fence  never  pjrow  in'.o  bre.vcby  cattle. 
fA(iElH)VK.\  IVIUKKKXCKCO.,  .4llltlA>,JlICH. 


THE  CHIEF  CONSTRUCTIVE  FORCE 
IN  AGRICULTURE. 
Two  generations  ago  our  grandfathers 
harvested  their  wheat  and  oat  crops.with 
the  McCormick  Reaper;  and  little  did 
they  dream  that  the  crude  naachine  they 
used  then  would  be  the  forerunner  of 
such  marvellous  advancement  in  the 
methods  of  harvesting  grain  as  has  been 
developed  in  recent  yeare.  To-day  more 
than  two  and  one-half  million  agricultu- 
rists harvest  their  crops  with  McCormiek 
machines.  Since  1831,  the  year  in  which 
the  first  successful  reaper  was  construct- 
ed in  a  blacksmith  shop  at  Steele's  Tav- 
ern, Va.,  the  McCormick  has  been  one  of 
the  chief  constructive  forces  in  develop- 
ing the  agricultural  resources  of  the 
world.  For  more  than  three-score  years, 
the  McCormick  has  represented  the 
highest  attainment  in  the  manufacture  of 
harvesting  machines,  and  this  name  has 
become  a  household  word  throughout 
the  world.  ''A  Model  Machine  "  is  the 
title  of  a  new  book  which  has  just  come 
from  the  press.  It  is  an  interesting  pub- 
lication, and  should  be  in  the  hands  of 
every  one  who  needs  or  operates  a  har- 
vesting machine.  When  writing,  please 
mention  the  Southern  Planter,  9.nd  ask  for 
a  1903  McCormick  Calendar,  if  you  have 
not  received  one,  which  will  be  sent,  to- 
gether with  the  book,  without  charge. 
Address  the  nearest  McCormick  agent. 

THE  ^TNA  LIFE. 

The  .(Etna  Life  Insurance  Company  of 
Hartford,  Co'-in.,  publishes  in  another  col 
umn  its  fifty-third  annual  statement. 
This  shows  that  the  business  done  in 
1902  was  one  of  noteworthy  growth  in 
every  direction,  and  the  resulting  big 
figures  put  the  ^Ema  Life  as  the  leader 
among  the  great  life  insurance  companies 
of  New  England. 

The  total  premium  income  for  the  year 
was  the  large  sum  of  $10,224,260,  and  the 
total  pavments  to  policy  holders  was  the 
sum  of  $6,368,099. 

The  detailed  statement  of  the  company 
shows  that  the  investments  of  the  iEtna 
are  conservatively  and  wiseh'  made,  and 
the  abundant  strength  of  the  company  is 
recognized  by  all  familiar  with  financial 
matters.  Its  president,  in  fact,  as  well  as 
in  name,  is  Ex-(;tovernor  Morgan  G. 
Bulkeley,  who  has  given  its  afl'airs  his 
closest  attention.  When  he  became  its 
head  twenty  vears  ago  its  assets  were 
about  $25,000,000.  To-day  they  are  about 
$63,500,000.  Under  his  management  the 
iEtna  has  developed  into  its  present  great 
proportions,  and  it  stands  a  proof  of  his 
and  his  associates'  large  business  and  ex- 
ecutive ability. 

THE  ACME  HARROW. 

Mr.  Daane  H.  Nash,  of  Millington,  N. 
J.,  the  maker  of  this  well  known  harrow, 
desires  us  to  call  attention  to  the  unusu- 
ally favorable  conditions  under  which 
this  harrow  is  sold.  It  is  sent  to  any 
farmer  who  will  order  it,  and  he  will  be 
allowed  ample  time  to  try  it  on  any  kind 
of  ground  under  any  conditions. 

As  Mr.  Nash  has  distributing  points 
throughout  the  country,  there  will  be  no 
delay  in  getting  a  harrow  promptly. 
Look  up  his  advertisement  in  this  issue. 


Announcement 


Wehaveobtaineilthe  Court's  decree  apainst two 
additional  niuuuiiiciurers  who  have  been  infring- 
ing our  patent.  Tlie  rule  of  law  is :  ''The  maker, 
seller  or  user  of  an  infringlne  device  are  all  liable 
in  damage3  to  the  owner  of  the  patent  infringed.'* 
The  Janesville  JIachine  Co.  and  the  Keystone 
Farm  Machine  Co.  are  the  only  lirms  licensed  to 
use  Ajlat  tooth  covered  by  our  patent,  and  we 
ilnally  warn  sellers  and  usersof  all  otber  makes.  So 
admirably  ha vethe 6(J,ouu"Hallock"  Weedersdone 
the  work  for  whirh  they  were  designedLthat  one 
maker  after  another  sought  to  copy  it.  Hoi\-ever, 
by  the  various  Courts'  decisions,  these  makers  are 
compelled  to  abandon  the  manufacture  of  a 
Weeder  liaviner  flat  teeth,  and  they  are  now  ex- 
perimenting with  other  shapes:  but  it  is  the  flat 
tooth  that  made  the  "Hallock"  Weeder  famous, 
and  in  view  of  the  manner  in  which  our  patent  lias 
been  sustained,  itis  dangerous  to  use  an  infrintring 
tooth.  Write  for  descriptive  circulars  and  pnces. 
HALLOCK  WEEDER  &  CULTIVATOR  CO., 
Box  839  York,  Pa. 


^i^^^^^L^^  LAWN  FENCE 


Many  deeigms.  Cheap  L 
wood.  32  iiago  Cataloem* 
free.  Specl.lPrltestoCeme- 
UrleBOiidChDrchei.  Addreaa 
COILED  SPEISG  FISCK  CO. 
Box    y,       WUielieiter,  I»t 


FENCE! 


STROKGESr 
MADE,      Boo- 

Btponff.  Chiekea- 
tight.  Sold  to  the  Farmer  at  Wholrsato 
FrifM.     FdHt  Warranted.     Catalog  Fre«. 

COILED  SPRlXfl  FBSCB  CO., 
Box  69  Vlncfaester,  Indiask,  C.  S,  !• 


WE'LL  PAY  THE  FREIGHT 

^d  send  4  UosEf  »ki'i-l«.  Sle«l  Tir«  o.,  -  »T.2» 
J  With  Eubb.r  Tire.,  glo.OO.  I  mtg.  wh<!.l.  ?i  lo  4  i>. 
J  tr..d.  Top  Buggle..  $28.75;  H.m..s,  »3.60.     Wme  fol 

.talonue.    L.trn  h.w  lo  huj  i-€hiole.  Md  p.ru  direct. 

•.6on  CmDrella  FBEK.  W.  V.  BOOB,  ClaetoMU,  O. 


19< 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTBE. 


(Ai»t.tli 


tooAatjgiSj^       FARM    "><<*».  li-l's- 

SEEDS 

SALZER'S  SEEDS  HZVER  FAIL! 

1, 000,0S0  Customers 

in.l  V.-l    V  ■  ,1     ■  ■      ..  _■         :    1     :    ■  -  :■:      WO 

l-'»:r'.>,  Iv  .1      V    1    ■.    -  .  ■•!  IIP-. I-  ;iiia  Ijciico 

$1  aOO  for  lOc. 


1  Wcv,  111  mail  1 


of  ir 


awnke   farmer  ci- 
'"r  Willi  many  fan.i 
^L  .' .  nt !,  Ueanlless  r.  ■  r 

1^  Sl.M-i  I  )  i-t  a  M:.iI  V  ah,  ^ 
I'na  of  IfutliM:. 


!•■.•'.■    .I^IT. 


^ISKH 


For  Every  Climate. 

That  Is  our  business.    We  crow  an.l  sell  you  what 
has  been  developed  anrl  is  Rdnpf.'il  to  your  par- 
ticular section.  Norib.Sout!i,i;ttStan.l  West. 

GRIFFITH  &  TURNER'S 

TESTED  SEEDS 

drt    not    depen  i    tn    oictiMive    n 


plump,  fi-e 
•ry  a  eomp! 
Dairy  Kupplie 


ih,  1; 


ii,P< 


-V  doi:or 
.ipe.  W, 
iiHi-y  aiu 


free.  Hondso 


GRIFFITH  &  TURNER  ' 


SEEDS. 

SEEn  POTATOES, 

QARDEV  SEED, 

FIELD  SEED. 

DGGSJ  BEADLES,  Seedsmen, 

1711 E.  Franklin  St., 
RIGHKOND,     -      VIRGINIA. 

Send  fo   Catalogue. 


FIVE=EAR  COi^N 

I  have  beoD  planting:  this  corn  for  4 
or  ^  years,  and  never  expect  ti>  plnnt 
any  other  kind.  On  onlnary  land  It 
maHeR  from  is  to  30  bushels  per  acre. 
On  i;^  "cres  la»t  year  I  gathered  over 
70  bUHhels.  It  Is  a  firm,  while  corn, 
and  keeps  well;  ears  under  meditiiu 
slz".  Averages  about  three  ears  to  the 
stalk,  Koiiie  stalks  havjnir  as  many  as 
flveand  six  ears.  Kvery  fanner  ought 
to  plant  It.  .Senl  15  cents  in  stamps 
for  a -tart— enought  to  make  >ou  two 
or  three  hu'heU.  Will  send  one  peck 
by  express,  collect,  for  75  cents. 


W.  M.  HOBBY, 


Sylvania,  Ga. 


GINSENG  SEED 

Weotler  for  sale  a  llmiied  quantity  of  fresh 
seed,  which  we  gnarantee  to  be  Urst  niialltv, 
110  per  1.000     A(ldre»p. 

COMMERCIAL  GIBSEHG  CO.,  Crozet.  Va. 


THIRTY-SIX  YEARS  OF  CONTIN- 
UOUS SUCCESS. 
Just  think  what  that  lueans.  Thirty- 
six  lon^  yeas  in  business,  each  year 
more  euccesefiil  tlian  the  previous  one, 
with  never  a  backward  movement,  always 
growing  larger,  ever  increasing  in  popu 
iar  favor.  How  many  that  were  doing 
business  thirty  six  years  ago  are  even  in 
existence  todav?  Very,  very  few.  In 
this  age  of  development  and  fierce  com- 
petition, a  concern  must  do  business 
right,  treat  its  customers  right  and  sell 
what  is  right,  to  even  hold  its  own  much 
less  advance.  To  do  otherwise  means 
that  the  concern  of  to- day  is  likely  to  be 
out  of  the  running  to-morrow.  The  grave- 
yard of  business  failures  is  full  to  over- 
flowing.  But  thirty-six  years  of  contin- 
uous success  and  still  growing.  Think 
of  it!  How  has  it  been  accon  plished? 
In  just  one  way.  By  seiing  absolutely 
pure  whifkey,  direct  from  our  own  dis- 
tillery to  the  consumer,  saving  him  the 
enormous  profits  of  the  dealers,  and  car- 
rying out  to  the  letter  every  statement  or 
offer  we  make,  thereny  creating  a  confi- 
dence with  our  over  a  quarter  of  a  mil- 
lion satisfied  customers  that  cannot  be 
broken.  Read  our  offer  elsewhere  in 
this  journal.      The  Hayner  Distilling  Co. 

"THIRTY  Y'EARS  SELLING 
DIRECT." 
This  is  the  headline  with  which  our 
friends  the  Elkhart  Carriage  and  Harness 
Manufacturing  Co.  of  Elkhart,  Ind.,  an- 
nounces their  readiness  for  this  season's 
campaign.  To  have  been  continuously 
in  businef  s  for  so  long  a  time  and  all  that 
time  to  have  been  selling  direct  to  the 
consumer,  is  in  itself  noteworthy  and 
speaks  louder  than  anything  else  of  the 
high  quality  of  their  goods  and  their 
honorable  and  liberal  methods  in  deal- 
ing with  t  leir  customers.  The  Elkhart 
people  make  every  vehicle  and  harness 
they  sell,  and  sell  only  to  the  consumer. 
Tlieir  catalogue  is  illustrated  with  large 
photographic  views  of  the  latest  styles 
and  will  be  sent  free  to  any  reader  of  this 
journal.  Write  today  and  address  as 
above. 

MARCH  ON! 

The  artistic  hanging  calendar  of  the 
Champion  Harvesters  begins  with  the 
spring  month  and  carries  one  clenr 
through  to  the  next  spring.  It  shows  a 
handsome  farm  team  refreshing  them 
selves  at  the  watTins;  trough,  and  is  ir 
brilliant  colors  and  handsome  enough  to 
please  every  one.  This  art  calendar  is 
offered  fr.-e  fo  all  of  our  readers  who  will 
send  their  name  on  a  po-tal  to  Champion 
Division,  International  Harve.»ter  Co  of 
America.  Ctiicago,  and  make  request  for 
same.  We  know  this  is  an  opportunity 
of  which  many  will  take  advantage. 

1,000,000  CUSTOMERS. 

The  J.  A.  Salzer  Seed  Company,  of  La 
Crii.~se,  Wis.,  claim  to  have  Ibis  vast 
number  of  patrons.  When  you  vOme  to 
think  of  it,  there  must  lie  a  "why."  An 
inspection  of  their  new  catalogue  migtit 
throw  some  light  on  the  sul  ject.  Send 
for  it,  and  refer  to  their  advertisements 
and  see  what  tempting  offers  they  make. 


CLOVER 

To  the  Acre. 


42 

^V  Mb  F.>jui>i;an  Cl-nrr—nirecAfrum  the 

"  ""^  .\,tc  y,:ii,->,. 

Impui  ted  by  us  into  tli-  Unuid  Slates  for  t  he 
liisctuiie.  Readytocut48  daysaftersow 
ins.  First  cuttiM,'  II  t  n-i.  sei.-uud  <nittini,'  1.5 
tiins,  thi  il.  1:1  t-.ms  c.r  Qvcen  l..r.i;re  per  a.-re, 
all  in  one  soas.m.  The  Dept.  of  Agriculture 
at  NN'ashinKton  publishes  a  special  bulletin 
cndorsmg  it.  The  supply  nf  seed  isliniited. 
Write  at  once  if  interested.  Price  per  lb. 
;;■'<-■;  1111  us,  i'J.Ki;  l'il)ll,s,  S3(i.(W. 

LAHGE  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOG 

describing;  this  wonderful  Clover  and  a  thou- 
sand (tiicr  things  of  gnat  value  to  the 
Farmer  or  Gar..!,  uer.  mailed  free.  Write  now. 

CURRIE  EJ83S,^,5?uV.'u"KE\rwTi: 


APPLE  TREES 


« ^.^ «  « 


The  Bonavlsla  Nurseries  will  have  soma 
•xceptionall.v  One  apple  trees  for  orchard  thl» 
year.  Wine  Saps.  Paragon  (M.  B.  Twig), 
York  Imperial  (J.  F.  Winter),  Albemarl& 
Pippin,  etc. 

We  did  not  have  a  complaint  last  season. 
Every  tree  Is  perfec  and  guaranteed,  taken 
from  the  nursery  block  the  day  it  Is  shipped, 
carefullv  packed. 

Our  prices  are  the  lowest. 

CHAS.  F.  HACKETT,  Manager, 

Qreenwood,  Va. 


Georgia  Melon  Seed. 

"HOW  TO  GROW  MELONS," 
FREE. 


B.  W.  STONE  &  CO.,  Thomasville,  Qa. 

Mention  THE  Southern  Planter. 


Strawberry  Plants 

We  grow  them  on  virgin  soil,  conse- 
quently they  are  fr-^e  from  disease  and 
true  to  name.  Lea  ing  varieties,  81.65 
per  1,000  and  up.  Every  one  says  we 
nayethetinest  plant- bed  they  ever  saw. 
25  acres  in  plants.  Circular  free. 
JOHN  UGHTFOOT.       -       Sherman  Heights,  Tenn. 


MONEY  IN  STRAWBERRIES 

If  you  get  Good  Pjl.\nts.  One  of  my  cus- 
lomeiblhe  past  season  sold  JtiOO.OOworth  of 
St  raw  berries  from  one  acre.  I  sold  him  the 
plants  for  120.  You  can  do  the  san.e  If  you 
buy  the  best — and  that's  the  kind  I  have. 
Catalrg  !    H.  LIGHTFOOT,  Ch  ttamoga.  Tenn. 


LATE   SEED    II^ISM    POTATOES 
—  FOR  SALE. — 

1002  was  another  good  year  for  the 
CLAREMONT  PEACHBLOW  POTATOES. 

A  late  variet.v.  has  been  crown  here  for  10 
yrs.  or  more,  and  never  failed  to  make  a  crop 
when  planted  July  first  yields  from  15  •  to  a» 
bUB.  10  the  acre.  See  description  in  last  May 
issue  of  thi.s  paper.  Price,  $3.60  per  bbl.,  f.  o.  b. 
here,  as  long  as  stock  last. 

J    M.  HUGHES,  riaremont   Surry  Coun>y.  Va. 


Mention  the  SoiUhern  Planter  when  cor 
responding  with  advertisers. 


1»03  J 


THB  BOUTHBEN  PLAJSTEK. 


193 


ELMWOOD   NURSERIES. 

ASPARAGUS 

100,000  2-yr.-old  Asparagus  roots, 
5  varieties  A  special  rate  of  $3-50 
per  1000  for  2  mos.  for  BARB'S, 
PALMETTO,  CONOVEB. 

APPLES 

A  large  general  assortment,  in- 
cluding WINESAP8  and  YORK 
IMPERIALS. 

Splendid  Assortment  of 

Ornamental,  Shade 

and  Pruit  Trees. 

EGGS 


from  B.  P.  Rrckg,  Light 
Brahmas,  Brown  Leg- 
horns   at    $1  OU    per   13. 


WRITE  FOR  OUR   CAT.4L0GUE 


J.B.WITKIHSSBRO.,Hallsboro,*a 


WINES  APS 

I  have  for  sa'e  several  blocks  of  the 
finest  two-year  old  Winesaps  .\pple  treee 
ever  grown  in  the  State  The  trees  are 
well  branched  and  measure  from  five  to 
eight  feet  in  height  Trees  are  dug  from 
the  nursery  the  day  they  are  shipped. 

8c.  each  for  the  finest  in  lots  under  100. 

7c.     "      "     "      '•        •'        over   100. 

6  to  7c.  wholesale. 

CHAS.  P.  HACKETT,  Manager. 

Bouavista  Nurseries, 
Albemarle  County,  Greenwood,  Vs. 

ONION  SEED. 

We  are  large  growers  of  Ouion  Seed, 

and  cau  quote  attractive  prices. 
Write  us  wliea  you  are  ready  to  buy. 
Established  1876. 
SCHILOER  BROS.,    -  Chillicothe,  O. 


Improved  Golden  Dent.    Ears  measur 

Ing  from  10  to  14  inches  in  length. 

Price,  Jl.OO  per  bushel, 

J.  F    DURRETTE.  Birdwood.  Alemarle  Co.,Va. 


SK^o  czoFinr. 

300  bushels  of  Albemarle  Prolifle  Corn, 

.?1.0O  per  Dus.  at  d»-pot. 

L.  B.  JOHNSON.  -   Red  HiM.  Albemarle  Co.,  Va. 


MARK     YOUR    STOCK. 

Use  the 

KENTUCKY   ALUMINUM    EAR    LABEL. 

Made  by  F.  H.  Jackson  &  Co.,  Winchester. 
Ky.    Write  to  tnem  for  free  samples. 


POPULARITY  OF  THE  "IRON  AGE" 
FARM  IMPLEMENTS. 
The  fact  that  "Iron  Age"  Farm  and 
Garden  Implements  are  built  of  good 
materials,  on  sound  mechanical  princi- 
ples, and  that  they  contain  all  the  la'est 
improvements,  is"  what  has  made  them 
famous  from  one  end  of  the  country  to 
the  otlier.  So  great  has  been  the  de- 
mand for  these  products,  that  the  manu- 
facturers found  the  greatest  difficulty  the 
past  season  in  supplying  it.  And  fore- 
seeing, for  the  season  just  opening,  an 
even  greater  call  upon  their  resources 
these  have  been  greatly  enlarged,  both 
plant,  machinery  and  stock  of  raw  mate- 
rials, an.i  they  are  now  able  to  meet  any 
demands  that  may  be  made  upon  them. 


No.  6  Iron  Age  Combined  Double  and  Single 
Wheel  Hoe  Hill  and  Drill  Seeder. 

The  manufacturers  of  the  Iron  Age 
tools  have  just  issued  an  enlarged  cata- 
logue, showing  more  comp'etely  than 
any  previous  one,  their  full  line.  Old 
friends  among  farm  and  garden  imple 
ments  are  there  found,  but  to  the  num- 
ber are  added  many  new  and  interesting 
members  of  the  family,  which  must  still 
further  extend  the  fame  an  1  sale  of  the 
"Iron  .Age"  tools. 

Any  one  interested  should  obtain  a 
copy  of  this  Iron  Age  Book  for  1903  by 
writing  to  the  Bateman  Mfg.  Co.,  Box 
167,  Grenloch,  N.  J. 

A  LONG  RIDE. 

"  Old  Salt"  was  interested  in  the  first 
railroad  that  was  built  in  the  State— a 
very  crude  line,  forty  miles  in  length. 

After  it  had  been  operated  for  years 
the  companv  was  sued  for  damages.  Old 
Salt  was  called  as  a  witness  for  the  de 
fence.  Counsel  asked  a  question  during 
his  examination  of  Salt  which  seemed  to 
the  judge  to  make  it  proper  for  p  aintiflf's 
counsel  to  go  into  the  general  reputation 
of  the  roa  i.  He  asked  if  it  were  not  true 
that  numerous  accidents  had  happened 
on  the  line. 

"  N-n-never  knew  but  wu-wu  wu-one," 
was  the  answer. 

"And  what  was  that.  Mr.  Williams? 
Explain  the  character  of  it  in  full,  please." 

"A  mi-mi-mimiddle  aged  gi-gi-gi  girl 
eoton  thet-t-t-train  at  P-p-p  Pontiac,  and 
d  d-d-died  of  old  age  before  she  got  to 
De-de  de  Detroit." — Henry  M.  WiLTSE.m 
Lippincolt's  Magazine  for  March. 

Poet— That  fool  editor  said  I  would 
never  write  well  until  I  had  a  great  sor- 
row, but  I  showed  him. 

Wife— Showed  him  what? 

Poet — Our  wedding  certificate. 

'0  make  cows  pay.  niie  Sharpies  Cream  Separators' 
Book  "Business  Dairying"  4  Cat.  305  free.  W 
Chester,  Fa. 


Glootl's  Caustic  Pofamh  WtaaH* 
Oil  Soap,  TXo.  3. 

It  also  prevents  Curl  Leaf.  Endorsed  bj  ma- 
Lomologists.  This  soap  is  a  fertilizer  as  wrL- 
as  Insecticide.  50  lb.  kegs,  $2.50;  100  lb.  keg» 
M.50.  Half  barrels,  270  lbs.,  at  S^c.  per  lb 
barrels,  425  lbs.,  at  SMc.  Large  quantltlM., 
tpeclal   rates.     Bend   for   circular. 

JAMES  GOOD, 

939-41  N.  Front  St.,  ^hilaoelpmi*.  rx. 


,  Axle  Grease  tife^woSd. 

>  Its  wearing  qualities  are  unsurpassed,  ao-  \ 
<  tnally  outlasting  3  bxs.  any  other  brand, , 
'  Not  affected  by  heat.    a9~Get  the  Genuin 
|wv  FOB  SALE  BY  ALL  DEALERS.  ' 


Llln 


AGRIGULTURAL 
and  BUNDERS' 

Send  for  Circulars  and  Price-Llst, 

FELLSW08%TH  Li»AE  WORKS 

REEVES  CATT,  Atent, 

Bodley,  Augusta  County,  Va. 


S.BJDKINS&GO. 

4  and  6  Governor  Street, 
*    RICHMOND,  VA. 

EXPERT  BOOKBINDERS 

and  Commercial  Pnnters. 


194 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANlBli. 


[March 


Life  and  Accident  Insumnce. 
^^A  ANNUAL  STATEMENT. 

(Condensed.) 

/Etna  Life 

Insurance    Company, 

HARTFORD.  CONN. 


MORGAN  G.  BULKELEY.  President. 


Assets,  Jan.  1,  1903. 

Prerainm  receipts  in  11102, 

Interest  receipts  in  1902, 

Tolal  receipts  In  1902,    - 

Payment  to  Policy  Holders 
In  1902, 

Legal  Reserve,  on  Policies, 
and  all  claims,     - 

Special  Keser\e  in  addition 
to  Reserve  above  given,  - 

Guarantee  Fund  in  ex- 
cess of  Requirements 
b  Company's  Stand- 
ard,     -       -       -       -       . 

Guarantee  Fund  in  ex- 
cess of  Legal  Require- 
ni«nts,         -       -       .       . 

Life  Insurance  issued  and 
revived  in  1902,    - 

Life  Insurance  in  force 
Jan  1, 1903,    . 

Accident   Insuran 
force  Jan.  1.1903,         -       -199,650,204.00 

Paid  Policy  holders  since  organization, 
$132.383.973  96. 


$63,493,545.73 

■     10,224,260.93 

2,592,539.16 

12,816,800  09 

6,368,099.76 

55,879,111.68 

2,113,933.00 

5,500,501.05 

7,604,434.05 

30,489,838.00 

213,762,977.00 


MEIGS  &  HEISSE.  Mgrs., 
Herald    Building,   Baltimore,  Md 

W.  W   HAHDWICKE, 
General  Agent  for  Eastern  and  Cen- 
tral Virginia, 
No.  7  N.  Tenth  St  ,  Richmond,  Va. 

J.  B.  MOOBE  &  CO., 
Gen.  Agents,  Accident  Department 

W-flLWrXJED \ 

Practical  poultryman  deslrescorespondence 
with  men  liavlns;  <rapital  with  a  view  of  es- 
tebllshing  a  Fkki.v  Dcck  RANcu-ralsing 
ducklings  forthc- early  marhcLs.  .Many  having 
the  means  and  water  facllllles  do  not  realize 
that  there  Is  -uch  a  large  profit  on  the  capital 
Invested  in  this  business.  Best  of  references 
as  to  ability  and  chiracter.  Adi)Kk.ss 
C     J.,   CARE    SOUTHERN     PLANTER. 

Law  and  Collection  issociation, 

Established  1884.  Claims  collected 
in  all  parfja  of  the  United  States. 
No  collection — no  charge. 

P.  0.  Box  503.        905 Ji  East  Main  Street, 
RICHMOND.  VIRGI.VIA. 

A  NEAT  BINDER  for  vour  back 
numbers  can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Ad- 
dress the  Business  Office. 


AN  OPEN  LETTER  FROM  DR. 
GREGORY. 

Grbe.n-sbobo,  N.  C,  Jan.  1,  1903. 

Col.  W.  H.  Osborn,  President 

The  Kreley  Inslilute,  Greensboro,  N.  C.  : 

Dear  Colonel, — I  send  you  this  letter  to 
congratulate  yon  on  the  success  of  your 
work  with  Tlie  Keeley  Institute. 

Like  all  other  good  and  grand  discove- 
ries and  inventions  in  the  healin;  art, 
Tlie  Keeley  Trenlmtnt,  now  so  well  known 
and  successfully  used,  met  with  bitter  op- 
position, but  it  has  lived  and  flourished, 
proving  that  "  Truth  is  mighty  and  will 
prevail." 

Eleven  years  ago,  October,  1S91,  The 
Keeley  Institute  was  opened  in  Greens- 
boro, N.  C,  under  your  management. 
Being  a  jiracticing  physician  of  the  city, 
and  having  the  pleasure  of  the  acquaint- 
ance of  the  gentlemanly  officers  of  the 
Institute,  and  feeling  the  greatest  interest 
in  the  practical  testing  of  the  discovery 
of  Dr.  Keeley,  I  watched  with  cl  Dse  care 
the  results  ;  and  I  unhesitatingly  say,  that 
from  my  personal  knowledge  and  personal 
observation  of  the  Keeley  Treatment,  in 
cases  in  which  it  is  indicated,  that  it  is 
the  best  and  most  suc>;es9ful  plan  of  cure 
now  known.  Facts  prove  the  truth  and 
value  of  it. 

Year  after  year  the  good  work  and  suc- 
cess have  rewarded  vour  eflferts.  Business 
has  steadily  incieased.  The  year  just 
ended  shows  a  registration  of  20f  patients 
with  a  total  of  3,500  sin:e  the  Institute 
was  opened.  Over  100  men  from  Greens- 
boro and  Guilford  county  have  been  cured 
and  returned  to  their  families  and  homes, 
and  patients  have  been  received  from 
nearly  every  State  in  the  Union.  It 
would  be  a  great  pleasure  if  I  could  tell 
of  the  joyful  and  glad  hearts  this  Insti- 
tute has  made,  but  I  know  that  words 
cannot  express  the  gratitude  t-at  the 
manj'  wives,  mothers,  children,  and 
friends  have  felt  at  the  restoration  of 
their  loved  ones.  In  my  own  heart  I  re- 
joice with  you  and  ask  G'^d's  blessings  on 
The  Keeley  Institute  and  its  officers. 

In  the  management  of  the  Institute 
every  auxiliary  is  used.  The  officers 
know  that  the  patient  is  diseased  from 
drink  or  drugs,  or  both,  and  the  co  opera- 
tion of  the  patient  must  be  had  in  his 
treatment.  He  is  a  sick  man.  and  must 
be  treated  as  such  under  the  direction  and 
guidance  of  that  skilled  resident  physi- 
cian— Dr.  B.  B.  Williams. 

The  Institute  is  an  ideal  home,  the 
splendid  residence  of  Gov.  Morehead.with 
all  to  make  it  attractive  and  every  com- 
fort and  convenience  which  modern  in- 
vention has  brought  out.  In  connection 
with  the  Institute  and  f)r  its  use  is  a 
magnificent  farm  with  its  fine  Jersey  cat- 
tle, poultry,  etc.,  to  supply  the  Institute 
with  the  ne.'essariesand  luxuries  to  build 
up  the  broken-down  man. 

It  is  3  wise  and  essential  requirement 
that  the  patient  must  reside  in  the  Insti- 
tute while  undergoing  treatment,  where 
all  necessary  influences  lan  be  brought 
to  bear  upon  him  and  under  the  kind  and 
watchful  care  of  its  officers. 

Now,  in  conclusion,  I  congratulate  you 
again,  and  assure  that  I  feel  the  deepest 
interest  in  the  Institute  and  its  continued 
success  and   prosperity,  and  will  always 


SCRATCH! 

SCRATCH! 

SCRATCH ! 

From  morning  till  night.  Hot  1  Itch- 
ing !  Sore !  Ashamed  to  be  seen  1  Face 
covered  with  pimples.  Hair  falling  outl 
Who  isn't  sorry  for  the  auflferer  from 
eczema? 

And  it  is  so  unnecessary!  There's  a 
cure  for  eczema  as  sure  as  to-morrow  will 
follow  today.  YAGER'S  SARSAPA- 
RILLA  WiTH  CELERY  gets  right 
down  to  the  source  of  the  disease — the 
blood.  It  draws  out  the  impurities, 
which  otherwise  would  come  through 
the  skin.  It  puts  functional  activity  in 
such  perfect  order  that  each  part  of  the 
system  does  it  work  and  does  it  well. 

A.  A.  Wilson,  of  Portsmouth,  Va., 
was  affiicted  with  eczema  and  itching 
sores.  He  writes :  "  Permit  me  to  thank 
you  for  the  great  benefit  I  have  derived 
from  the_taking  of  YAGER'S  SARSA- 
PARILLA  WITH  CELERY.  My  body 
was  broken  out  all  over  with  pimples 
and  sores;  and  my  flesh  constantly 
itched.  I  heard  of  YAGER'S  SARS.i- 
PARILLA  WITH  CELERY,  and  the 
wonderfol  cure  it  has  made  for  others, 
and  concluded  to  give  it  a  trial  Toe  re- 
sults are  most  satisfactory.  My  face  is 
becoming  as  smooth  as  an  infant's." 

If  you  are  troubled  in  any  way  with 
any  disease  resulting  from  impure  blood, 
you  can  absolutely  relv  on  YAGER'S 
SARSAPARILLA  to  effect  a  cure.  Try 
it.  You  can  get  it  at  anv  drug  store,  60 
cents  a  bottle.  Made  by  Gilbert  Bros., 
Baltimore,  Md. 


►^  IT  STOPS 
THE  COUGH 

"  The  quickest  remedy  for  a  cough  I 
ever  saw,'*  is  the  way  one  Maryland 
maiden  expresses  her  appreciation  of 
HONEY-TOLU.  It  stops  the  cough  al- 
most instantly.  It  cures  the  cold 
quickly.  It  benefits  the  health  perraa^ 
nently.  Sold  by  all  druggists.  2oc.  a  bot. 


h. 


(ilLBKKT  BROS.  &  CO., 

BALTIMORE,   MD. 


WHAT  /igtmiT  _— ^ 

GLEASON'S 

HORSE  AND  CATTLE 

POWDER? 

HAVE   YOU  TRIED  IT  YET? 


1903.] 


THE  80UTHEEN  PLANTER. 


195 


Tobacco  Profit 

Seventy-one  dollars  a 
cents    per    acre    was 
crease  in  value  of  the 
CO  grown   at   the   Kentucky 
Agricultural      Expe 
Station,    by    feedinj 
growing   crop  with 
hundred    and     six 
pounds  of 

NITRATE 
OF  SODA 

costing   less    than 
four  dollars. 
Every  tobacco  farmer 


ing  how  i 


will  bring 
telling  abo 


WILLIAM  S.  MYERS,  BIr 
Boom  la  John  Street,     NEW  TOKK. 


A  Package  of  the  Famous 

American  Stock  Food 

FREE. 

Send  us  the  names  of  ten  of  the  best 
farmers  and  stock  raisers  in  your  vi- 
cinity, and  we  will  mail  you.  post-paid, 
a  sample  package  of  American  Stock 
Food. 

THIS  IS  THE  GOMINS  STOCK  FOOD. 

Every  package  guaranteed. 

Every  fu  1-tized  package  baa  on  it 
picture  of  Uncle  Sam.  None  genuine 
without. 

AMERICAN  STOCK   FOOD  CO  ,  Fremont,  Ohio. 


Fistula  and 
Poll  Evil. . . 


You  can 
treat  these 
diseases 
yo  urseif 
and  cure  them  in  15  to  30  days.  B'lcm- 
ing's  Fistula  and  Poll  Evil  Cure  is  easy 
to  apply,  perfectly  safe  to  use,  and 
your  money  is  promptly  refunded  if  it 
should  ever  fail  to  cure." 

Interesting  Booklets  Free. 

We  have  two  booklets  to  send  you. 
Oue  tells  about  Fistula,  Poll  Evil, 
Spavin,  Ringbone,  Curb,  Splint,  Knee- 
Sprung,  Lump  Jaw,  etc.,  with  instruc- 
tions how  to  cure  them. 

The  other  proves  that  you  can  cure 
them.        Write  to-day. 

FLEMINQ  BROS.,  Chemists, 
22  Union  Stock  Yards.     -     Chicago,  III. 


'Feeds  »"^  Feeding' 

Prof.  Henry's  Great  Book  for 
Farmers    and  Stockmen. 

Delivered  anywhere  for       -        -      82.00 
With  the  SOUTHERN  PLANTER,    2-25 


take  pleasure  in  doing  anything  in  my 
power  to  direct  in  the  future,  aa  I  have 
done  in  the  past,  the  poor  unfortunates  to 
The  Keeley  Institute,  Greemhoro,  N.  C. 

With  my  highest  regards  and  best 
wishes  for  your  continued  success  in  the 
future.  I  am  verv  truly  yours,         ■■^'^ 

R  K.  Gregory,  M.  D.,  Greensboro,  N.  C. 

A  MIDNIGHT  MISHAP. 

Uncle  Ned  returned  from  his  'possum- 
hunt  about  midnight,  bringing  with  him 
a  line,  fat  'possum!  He  built  a  glowing 
fire,  dressed  the  'possum,  pared  and  split 
the  swMt  potatoes,  and  pretty  soon  he 
had  the  "  'possum  an'  'taters"  in  the 
oven.  While  the  meal  was  cooking  Uncle 
Ned  amused  himself  with  his  favorite 
old  banjo.  When  the  'possum  had  been 
brown  and  crisp,  he  took  it  out  of  the 
oven  and  sat  it  on  the  hearth  to  give  it 
time  to  cool.  Mentally  congratulating 
himself  upon  the  glorious  repast  he 
thought  soon  to  enjoy,  he  sat  silently  for 
awhile  in  the  old  arm-chair,  but  presently 
was  snugly  wrapped  in  the  arms  of  "tired 
nature's  sweet  restorer — balmy  sleep." 

It  happened  that  two  youn»  fellows 
who  were  pretty  well  acquainted  with 
Uncle  Ned's  habits  had  been  stealthily 
watcliiug  about  the  house,  waiting  this 
particular  chance.  As  sood  as  they  were 
^•invinced  that  the  old  man  was  safe  in 
the  arms  of  Morpheus,  they  crept  into  the 
house  and  hurriedly  helped  themselves 
to  Uncle  Ned's  supper,  including  even 
thecoffeeand  bread.  When  they  finished 
the  hasty  meal,  by  way  of  attempting  to 
cover  up  their  tracks  they  smeared  Uncle 
Ned's  hands  and  mouth  with  the 'possum 
gravy  and  then  heat  a  retreat. 

After  a  time  Uncle  Ned  aroused  from 
his  peaceful  slumber.  It  is  needless  to 
say  that  he  had  dreamed  about  his  sup- 
per. At  once  he  dived  down  to  inspect 
the  viands,  when,  li  and  behold,  the 
hearth  was  empty  !  Uncle  Ned  steadied 
himself  and  studied  awhile. 

"VVel!,'  said  he  finally,  '  I  must  'a'  et 
dat  'possum ;  I  must  'a'  et  dat  'possum  in 
my  sleep!" 

He  looked  at  his  hands.  They  were 
greasy.  He  smelt  his  hands.  As  he  did 
so  he  said  : 

"Dat  smells  lak  'possum  grease  !  I  sho 
must  'a'  et  dat  'possum." 

He  discovered  grease  on  his  lips.  Oat 
went  his  tongue. 

"Dat  tas'es  lak  'possum  grease,"  he  said. 
He  got  up.  He  looted  about  the  room. 
There  was  no  sign  of  intruders.  He 
rubbed  his  stomach.  He  resumed  his 
seat,  and,  giving  up  all  for  lost,  he  said  : 

"Well,  ef  I  did  eat  Hat  'possum,  it  sets 
lightah  on  my  appertite  dan  any  'possum 
I  eveh  et  befo'." — Silas  Xavier  Floyd, 
in  the  March  Lippincott's. 

One  day  the  mate  of  atrading'schooner, 
overhauling  the  log,  found  that  the  cap- 
tain had  written  in  ii,  "Mate  drunk  to- 
day "  The  mate  expostulated  with  the 
captain,  saying,  "W'.at  is  the  use  of  put- 
ting that  down  ?"  The  captain  said :  "It 
happened.  Why  shouldn't  I  writs  it 
down?"  The  next  da_v  the  mate  wrote 
the  log,  in  which  afterward  the  captain 
found  the  record,  "Captain  sober  to-day." 

Mention  the  Southern  Planter  when  cor- 
responding with  advertisers. 


Warranted 

to  give  satisfaction. 


GOMBAILT'S 

CAISTIC  BALSAM 


A  safe,  speedy 
positive    cure 


for 


Curb,  Splint,  Sweeny,  Capped  Hock, 
Strained  Tendons,  Founder,  "Wind  Puffs, 
and  all  lameness  from  Spavin,  Ringbone 
and  other  bony  tumors.  Cures  all  skin 
diseases  or  Parasites,  Thrush,  Diphtheria. 
Removes  all  Bunches  from  Horses  or 
Cattle. 


As  1 


_  „  Balsam  sold  is 

Warranted  to  pive  satisfaction.     Price  9Sl<SO 
per  bottle.     Sold  by  dnippistSj  or  sent  by  t 


Address 
THE  LAWRENCE-WILIUMS  COMPANY,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 


FOUT2S 

HORSE  A^^D  CATTLE 
I^OWPER^ 


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IN  HORSES 

IN  CATTLEI 

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Mores     U:i    Appelit 

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or   mill,   ..a 

ceJilhe'eoJa"!.*'' 

7 

™!JS 

yofmolelo"^ 

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S  Pkgs.  SI 

00 

12  Pkzs.  S2.00. 

0  u).     Pampblet  No     3 

Charges 

Paid. 

i  Teteriaary  apo-itav;  for  wiaA, 


OREENSBORO.  N.C. 

For  the  treatment  of  THE  LIQUOR,  OPIUM,  MORPHINE  an* 
other  Drug  Addictions.  The  Tobbacco  Habit,  Nerve  Exhaustion 


19« 


THE  SOTJTHBEN  PLAlTrKR 


[Marcih 


UnMEC  AND  THE  PLACE  TO 
nUmCO  FIND  THEM._^ 

Mo  place  in  the  United  States  tan  a  man 
do  80  well  at  farming,  for  the  money  in- 
Tested,  as  in  Virginia.  Lands  are  cheap  ; 
climate  good,  and  the  best  of  markets 
close  at  hand.  It  is  the  Stale  of  all 
others,  for  a  comfortable  all  the  yeai 
round  home.  The  James  River  Valley 
Colonization  and  Improvement  Company 
offer  superior  advantages  to  land  pur 
chasers.  For  free  3G  page  laud  pamphlet 
address 

W.  A.  PARSONS,        Vinlta,  Va. 

To  HOMESEEKERS. 

"THE  BUSINESS  OF  FARMING 
IN  VIRGINIA" 

Is  the  iltle  of  a  new  pamphlet  Issued  by  the 
Norfolk  and  Western  RullwayCoaipany.  We 
will  gladly  mail  you  a  copy. 

W.  B.  BEVILL,  PAULSCHERER,  fgi.. 

G    P.  A  .  Lands  .>nd  Immigration, 
Roanoke,  Va 

WE  HAVE  A  LARGE  LI.-ST  OF 

FRUIT,  POULTRY  and  TRUCK  FARMS. 


Ten,  Fifty  and  One  Hundred  A 


ch,  with 


good  buildings,  close  to  steain  and  trolley 

lines,  easy  access  to  the  city.    Also 

GRAIN    AND    STOCK   FARMS 

From  100  to  1.000  acres  at  low  prices,  all  the 

way  from  »o  to  $.50  per  acre.    Write  for 

Catalogue. 

THE  VIRGINIA  LAND  AGENCY.  Richmond,    a. 

J.  K.  HocKADAY,  Manager. 


FOR  SALE    AT  A   BARGAIN. 

A  floe  farm  oi  UTOacies,  in  Mecklenburg  Co 
one  and  one  half  mile  from  station  on  .So.  Ry 
five  mlle.'^  east  of  Boydton.  Has  new  8  roo"in 
dwelling,  large  new  .table,  (i  barns,  large  pack 
house,  cabin,  crib,  shops,  etc.,  all  In  jood  re- 
pair—as place  has  been  cleared  up  In  past  7 
yrs.  Pl»ce  paid  nearly  Sl.OOO  rem  last  year. 
Any  one  wauling  a  flrsl  class  place  at  a  low 
price  ADDKii.s.s 

S.  J.  TURPIN  &  CO.,         -         Antlers,  Va. 

IF  YOU  WISH  TO  SELL 

OR    BUY 

VIROinslA  LANDS 

Communicate  wttli  us.    Write  for  free 
"  Virginia   Real  I-Mate  Journal.  •  con- 
taining many  bplemlld  bargalus. 
R    B.  CNAFFIN  &  CO.,  Inc  , 

No.  1  N.  lOth  St.,  Richmond,  Va 


I  WANT  TO  RENT  (Money  Rent) 

A  small  dairy,  poultry  and  truck  farm  (with 
or  without  siocic  and  Implements),  with  a  vu-w 
ol  biivlnginthefall.  If  a  ready  well-quipped, 
would  take  It  nn  a  reasonable  protlt-sharlnir 
principle.  Close  to  R  R.  „r  good  city,  or  both, 
prefene  Would  want  possession  .\prll  1. 
Address     FARMER,  c-ire  Southern  Pltnter. 


"PIEDMONT  ftiVpllcs"?' 

Good  land,  climate,  markets,  ^hipping  la- 
cllltles,  churches,  schools,  good  lit-allli,  inode- 
rate  prices,  easy  terms. 

MACON  &  CO.,  -         Orange,  Va. 

/  CanJ^el/  Your  Farm 

Mv  iii^iicr    wi.cre  It  is.      ^end   descriptiun,    stale  nrlce   KaJ 
I^.I,ow      tsl.>.    Hlehcslre(cr.„.o.    Oll.ces  l^u  cl«S 

W.  M.  Oftrander,  I885N.  A.  Bide.,  Philadelphia 


JESTS  OF  SENATORS. 

Incidents  of  the  Lighter  Side  of  Life 
IN  THE  Senate. 

John  C.  CalhouD,  when  Vice  President, 
did  not  believe  that,  as  the  presiding 
officer  of  the  Senate,  lie  had  any  right  to 
call  Senators  to  order  for  words  spok;n 
in  debate.  John  Randolph  of  Roanoke 
abused  this  license  by  opening  a  speech 
with  the  words:  ''^Ir.  Speaker— I  mean 
Mr.  President  of  the  Senate,  and  would- 
be  President  of  the  United  States— 
which  God,  in  his  inlinite  mercy,  avert," 
and  then  launching  into  one  of  hie  char- 
acteristic tirades. 

Calhoun's  name  recalls  nullification. 
When  this  heresy  was  at  ite  most  ram 
pant  stage,  the  Notthern  Senators  de- 
pended largely  upon  John  Holmes,  of 
Maine,  as  champion  of  their  side  of  the 
chamber,  on  account  of  his  ready  wit 
John  Tyler  tried  to  badger  him  one  day 
by  asking  wh^at  had  become  of  that  po- 
litical firm  once  mentioned  by  Randolph 
as  "James  Madison,  Felix  Grundy,  John 
Holmes  and  the  devil." 

"The  partnership,"  answered  Mr. 
Holmes,  promptly,  "has  been  legally 
dissolved.  The  senior  member  is  dead  ; 
the  second  has  gone  into- retirement:  the 
third  now  addresses  you;  and  the  last 
has  gone  over  to  the  nullifiers,  and  is 
electioneering  among  the  hon  .rable  Sen- 
ator's constituents." 

Clay  and  \\'ebster  were  not  habitual 
humorists,  but  both  had  the  gift  of  enter 
taining  as  well  as  enthralling  their  audi- 
ences. Clay  ran  most  to  illustra  ive  an- 
ecdote. V/bile  he  was  in  the  House,  a 
proottinent  politician  deserted  the  Whig 
party  in  the  hope  of  sta'ting  a  general 
revolt.  To  his  dismay,  he  found  himself 
quite  alone,  and  then  bent  all  his  ener- 
gies to  glutting  back  into  good  standing. 
The  incident  reminded  Clay  of  a  story. 
Said  he : 

"-4.  stage-coach  took  aboard  a  passen- 
ger ..ho  insisted  upon  riding  with  the 
driver,  and  who  diliuently  drew  upon  the 
contents  of  a  bottle  carried  in  his  great- 
coat pocket.  When  his  potations  at  last 
overcame  him,  he  fell  oS.  The  coa'^h 
stopped  long  enough  for  some  charitable 
travelers  to  alight  and  pull  the  poor  fel- 
low out  of  the  mud. 

"'Ha!'  he  exclaimed,  as  he  looked 
down  at  his  tattered  garments,  'we  had 
quite  a  [hie]  turnover,  didn't  we?  '  " 

'■ '  0*1,  no,'  answered  one  of  his  rescn- 
er,o,  '  there  was  no  turnover.  You  only 
fell  oir'" 

"'I  Fay,'  he  persisted,  'there  was  a 
[hie]  turnover,  and  I  leave  it  to  the  com- 
pany." 

■' Every  one  joined  in  assuring  him  that 
the  coach  had  not  u  iset. 

" '  Well,'  he  remarked  ruefully,  as  he 
tried  to  climb  baik  to  his  former  perch, 
'if  I'd  known  that  [hie]  I  wouldn't  have 
got  o(i'.' " 

On  a  certain  aflernoon,  the  Senate 
clock  got  a  fit  of  striking  in  the  midst  of 
one  of  Webster's  most  effective  speeches. 
After  it  had  struck  fourteen  or  fifteen, 
Webster  held  up  one  finger.  "  Mr.  Pres- 
ident," said  he,  "the  clock  isout  of  order. 
I  have  the  Aoor.—  Leupp'aHttmcrrsof  Con- 
great,  m  March  Century, 


Virginia  Farms 

All  prices  and  sizes.    Free  list  on  application. 
WM.  B.  PiZZmi  CO.,  Rlchmend,  Va. 


SO  soDig. 


For  full  particulars 

write  A.  JEFPERS, 

Norfolk.  Va. 


VIRCmiA  FARMS 

$3   PER   ACRE  AND    UPWARDS. 
Easy  Pavmcnts.     CATALOCut  Frcc. 

>*i;(».  E.  CR.AWKORD  &  CO..  Richmond.  V». 

Established  1870. 

ClUr  riDMQ  in  the  great  fruit  grain  and 
linL  rnnrnu  stock  section  of  VIKGINIA. 
Best  climate  and  water  In  the  U.  S.  Near 
great  markets,  with  best  educational  advan- 
tages.   For  further  Information,  address 

ALBEMARLE  IMMIGRATION  CO., 
Sam'l  B.  Woods,  Pres.       Charlottesville,  Va. 


—  FARMS — 
ORCHAv^D?  and  HOMES 

In  the  best  fruit  and  agricultural 
sectioDM  of  Virginia. 
Virginia  Booklet  and  infurnjaiion  free. 

J.  W.  APPERSOX  &  BRU.,  Yancey  Mills.  Va, 


FOR    SA.L.E: 

"DAIRY  and  POULTRY  FARM." 

Large  house,  plenty  of  out  buildines  In  good 
order,  SOJ-^acresof  highlj  Improved  land,  with 
stock,  crops  and  all  equipmenis.  6  miles  from 
Richmond.  A  bartiam  can  be  secured  in  this 
property.    Address 

"  DAIRY,''  care  Southern  Planter. 


'Crop  Growing 
i  Crop  Feeding" 

BY   PROF.  W.   F.  MASSEY. 
383  Pp.       Cloth,  $1.00;  Paper,  60c. 


We  offer  this  splendid  work  in  conneo- 

tlon   with  the  Southern    Planter 

at  the  foil  lowing  prices: 


The  RICHMOND,  FREDERICKSBURG 

and  POTOMAC  R.  R. 
and  WASHINGTON  SOUTHERN  R'Y 

Form  the  Link  connecting  the 

Atlantic  Cost  Line  R.  R., 

Baltimore  and  Ohio  R.  R. , 

Chesapeake  and  Ohio  R'y, 

Pennsylvania  R.  R., 

Seaboard  Air  Line  R'y 

and  Southern  R'y. 

Between  all  points,  via  Richmond,  Va. 

Fast  Mall.  Passcnge-ard  Express  Route  be- 
tween Kiciimond,  Fredericksburg,  .Xlexan- 
drla,  VVashiuKlon,  Baltimore  Philadel|.hla, 
New  York.  Boston,  Pitlsbnri;,  Buffalo  and  All 
PointK  North,  East  and  West. 

W   P   TAYLOR.  Traffic  Manager.  Richmond.  Va 


ISO?.! 


THE  80UTHBEN  PLANTEB. 


197 


How  To  MakeMoney 

With  Poultry  and  Incubators.  ~ 


CY 


oeiwcrjBATOiis 


the  lieM  uf  suctisiLl  -.kiiU 
illustTatiot^sshinv  punltry  pl.ii 
Cyi>hersestli(sively  In  theU.S  /  ai 
England,  Germany,  IIull.in<l,  New 


is  free)  fi.>r  hook  X 

CYPHERS  INCVBATOR.  CO. 

Biiiral..,  N.  Y.,     Cliicaco,  III  . 
BoetoD,  Mass.,  .\ew  y(irk,N.  T. 


PER  EGG  CAPACITY 

The  Suro  Hatch  Incubator  is  a 
hitxh  ffrade  maciune  through. 
ou"t,(over30,000inuse)anror.e 
can  operate  them,  and  whea 
it  is  considered  that  wo  pay 
the  freight  and  that  the  ma- 
chines   are    all   larger  than 
rated  capacity   and  are  st 
on  30  days  trial,  the  egrg  cap; 
ity  is   the    cheapest  ol  a 
goodincubatoronthemarket, 
Our  Free  1903  Catalogue  was  made  to  order  for  the 
poultry  raisers— poultry  and  egc  record  tables,  etc, 
Abigboob  full  of  goodthings.  Address  nearest  office. 

SURE  h)iTCH  incubator  COMPANY. 
Columbus,  Ohio.    Clay  Center,  Nebr.     Eugono,  Ore. 


Build  Your  Own  Incubator, 

Complete  lllaatrated  Plans  and  liietnicLions 

for  building  Incubators  and  Brooders  by 

iwhicii  a  300-EgB  Hot  Water  *0 

llncabator  can  be  builtforabout  tPU 

I  We  sellthe  Tanks,  Lamps,  RcKulators, 


InCDbnlor.     t^  AGENTS  WANTED. 
OHANNJttW.giyOW'  aVo..  nei't.  laS  Qiilncy.  ill. 


IT  COSTS  YOV  NOTHING 


llOias 

»ards  Fine  Poultry 


-     Rcllnhio  Inch,  and  BroorlcrCn., 
r'-";!!-!!    qnincv.  III. 


VICTOR, 
INCUBATORS 


tiveij  as  represented.   Wepny  freight. 
Circular  free;  catalogue  (ic. 
C«o.  Ertel  Co..  gutacy.  111. 


INVENTIONS  WHICH  HAVE 
BROUijHT   WEALTH. 

By  Mary  Washington. 

No.  2. 

Amongst  the  most  useful  and  famous 
inventor.^  of  the  last  25  years  is  Mr. 
George  Westinghouse,  known  chietiy  for 
his  great  invention  of  the  air  brake  which 
ia  used  in  every  country  where  railroad 
travel  is  practiced.  This  invention  has 
been  of  the  greatest  utility  in  saving  life 
and  property.  As  a  result  of  it,  a  loco- 
motive engine  can,  in  a  minute,  apply  the 
brake  to  a  train  of  as  many  as  60  cars, 
and  should  a  car  break  away,  the  brakes 
set  themselves  automatically. 

Mr.  Westinghouse  followed  the  inven- 
tion of  tlie  air  brake  by  that  of  the  West- 
inghouse engine,  which  has  also  passed 
into  wide  use  He  carries  on  many  large 
electrical  and  machine  works  both  in  this 
country  and  Europe,  bringing  out  both 
his  own  inventions  and  those  of  others, 
for  he  is  ready  to  give  prompt  and  remu- 
nerate recognition  to  any  inventor,  either 
in  this  country  or  Europe,  whose  work  is 
valuable  in  tlie  field  that  interests  Mr. 
Westinghouse. 

Gifted  with  inventive  faculty  and  great 
mechanical  ability,  his  technical  educa- 
tion and  service  in  the  engineering  branch 
of  the  United  States  Navy  have  given 
tiim  both  theoretical  and  practical  knowl- 
edge which  have  immensely  forwarded 
Mr.  Westinghouse  in  his  career.  Amongst 
the  benefits  he  has  conferred  on  the 
world,  I  may  mention  the  utilization  of 
natural  gas.  Conveying  the  gas  by  pipes 
from  its  natural  wella  to  wide  areas  of 
use  is  due  almost  entirely  to  his  personal 
and  unremitting  efforts.  His  inventions 
{and  especially  that  of  the  air  brake)  have 
brought  him  a  large  and  well  merited 
fortune,  and  it  is  said  that  his  various 
factories  in  this  country  and  in  England, 
France,  and  Russia  represent  a  substan 
tial,  productive  investment  of  probably 
one  hundred  million  dollars. 

The  inventor  of  the  type  writer  was 
W.  M.  Jenrie,  of  Ilvin,  N.  Y.,  who  was 
a  mechanic  working  by  the  day  when  he 
started  on  his  invention.  He  is  now  a 
wealthy  man — is  superintendent  of  a 
type  wi  iter  manufactory.  C.  L.  Sholes 
is  also  entitled  to  part  of  the  credit  of  the 
development  of  the  writing  machines  of 
the  present  day.  He  began  as  a  mechanic, 
but  died  rich,  and  a  universally  known 
type-writer  of  the  day  was,  to  a  great  ex- 
tent, his  creation.  It  is  remarkoble  how 
many  patents  have  been  granted,  of  late 
years,  to  mechanics  and  other  persons 
working  for  day  wag  s.  For  inst.Huce, 
Mergenthaler,  who  invented  the  linotype 
machine,  and  received  millions  for  it, 
was  an  expert  mechanic,  engaged  in  mak- 
ing telescopes  and  other  scientific  appa- 
ratus. His  contrivance  is  now  in  use,  all 
over  the  civilized  world,  the  mechanical 
compositor  having  taken  the  place  of  the 
human  type  setter  in  nearly  every  great 
printing  establishment. 

Frank  A.  Johnson  was  a  mechanic  in 
Minneapolis  when  he  invented  a  type- 
setting machine  which  has  made  him  a 
wealthy  man. 

Alexander  P.  Morrow  was  a  mechanic 
employed  by  a  bicycle  company  when  he 


The  PRAiniE  STATES  \    342 

KEEP  AT  THE  HEAd\  ^^"^f 
More  made-icore  sold-  ^  PEU2ES 

-e  prizes  won  than 
ALL  OTHERS  combined. 
Send  for  catalogue-just  out-fin- 
ever  issued. Mention  this  pape 
PRAIRIE  STATE  INCUBATOR  Co. 
HOMER  CITV  ,  Pa.,  U.S.A. 


EGGS  FOR   HATCHING. 

Purebred  B.  P.  Rock,  Black  Miwokca 
S.  C.  B.  Leghokn.  Fine  stock,  excellent 
layer.s.  I  guarantee  eggs  to  be  true  to 
name,  fresh,  ano  to  Hrrive  in  good  condi- 
tion. 75  ets.  per  15,  $2  per  45,  jj  per  100. 
Miss  S.  M.  HITER,  E!lisvi;le.  Louisa  Co..  Va. 


EGGS  FOR   HATCHING. 

White  Wyanrtottes,  Barred  Plymouth 
Roclts,  S.  C.  Whit.-  Legliorns  and  Pekin 
Duclid.  Prize  winners  at  New  Yorlj,  Bos- 
ton, Ptjiiadelphia.  Cieveiand,  Hagerstown 
Pan-American  and  Charleston.  Some  ex- 
tra fine  stocis  for  sale.  For  prices  and  de- 
scription, address 

LEWIS  E.  BENEDICT,  Proprieior 
Meadcwv  le  Farm,  .  Lutherville    Md. 


EGGS  FOR  HATCHING 

From  White  Holland  Turkeys,  White 

Plymouth  Rock  and   Rose  Comb 

White  Leghorns. 

White  Plymauth  Roclis  are  the  best  ail  pur- 
pose fowls.  My  .^toclc  is  of  the  flne.st  strains. 
R.  C.  W.  Leghorns  are  the  champion  layers 
Neat  Rose  Combs  ilo  not  freeze.  Bend  for 
''"•'^""^'•-         Mrs  LIZZIE  OYER,  Versailles.  Tenn. 


EGGS!  EGGS!  EGGS! 

Best  B.  P.  Roclis  in  Virginia. 

Hawliins,  Thompson  and  Bradley  strains 

S1.25  per  sitting  Ilo). 

M.  B.  Turkey  Eggs,  50c.  each.  S4  per  dozen 

M.  P.  Duck  Eggs.  fJ.OO  for  11.    Even  the  best 
is  never  too  good,  you'd  better  buy  of  me. 
THE  CEDARS  WiW.  Q.  OWENS 

P.  and  S.  FARM.  Midlothian.  V«. 


EGCrS    EGCrS     ECiG-s 

That  will  hatch  out  Dollars.  Not  real 
dollars,  but  Turkeys  and  Chickens  of  the  best 
strains  in  this  country,  which  will  net  the 
owner  more  real  dollars  of  profit  than  anv 
others  I  handle  "Nothing  but  the  Best"  in 
my  line.  My  prices  are  higher  than  some 
others,  but  the  quality  more  than  makes  the 
ditTi'rence.  National  strain.  Mammoth  Bronze 
Turkeys,  sitting  13  1(2.  National  strain  Barred 
Plymouth  Chickens,  sitting  1.5,  i(;1.50. 

PIEDMONT  POULTRY  PLACE 

MIssE.  Caliie  Giles.  Prop.,   Whittle's  Depot!  Va. 


S  G-  Gr  S    FOFt    SALE. 

M.  B.  Turkey,  t3  per  doz.;  Pekin  Duck  81 
perdoz.;  White  Wyandotte,  {1  forts-  b'p 
Rock.  81  for  13;  S.  C.  B.  Lfghoru,  .$1  for  15. ' 

IWIss  Clara  L.  Smith,  Croxto-i,  Caroline  Co.  Va. 


-FRO  M— 

WHITE  HOLLAND  TURKEYS. 

J2.25for9;  .»;1.00  for  IS. 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS, 

«1.25for  13;  $2.25for30. 

Packed  and  f.  o.  b.  Express  Office. 

JOHN  A.  CLARK,    -    SHIRLEY    VA 


Barred  P.  Rocks  S.  G.  B.  and  W.  Leghorns. 

15  eggs,  Jl ;  30.  81,75.    Pekin  Duck.s-U 

eggs,  Jl;  22.  81.7.5.    8a  isfaction 

guaranteed. 

Rev.  J.  W.  HECKIMAN,        -       Spottsjivania,  Va. 


198 


IHB  80UTHBBN  PLANTKB. 


[March 


Moorewood  Poultry  Farm, 

Chesterfield  Co.,    ■    Wlsevllle,  Va. 


BREEDERS  OF 


Hlghe8^GIade  Barred  Plymouth  Rocki 
White  Wyandotte,  lilack  Minorca  and 
Partridge  Cochin  Fowls.  We  won  19  prizes 
at  late  Richmond  Show.  Breeding  stock 
and  eggs  forsaleatall  times.  If  you  mean 
business,  write  for  Handsome  and  Valu- 
able Illustrated  Catalogue  and  Poultry 
Guide.    Write  to-day. 


PURE  BRED.    PRIZE-WINNING 

-*  FOWLS  ^ 

MAMMOTH   BRONZE  TURKEYS. 

We  have  the  winning  pen  of  Madison 
Square  Garden  Show.  GJobbler  weighs  45 
lbs.;  bens,  26  lbs. 

PEKIN   DUCKS.   .   . 

Prize-winning  drake  at  Philadelphia  and 
New  York  Madison  Square  Garden.  Young 
ducks  weigh  14  lbs.  p«r  pair. 

PLVMOUTH  ROCKS,  Barred  and  White. 
WHITE  HOLLAND  TURKEYS. 

A  limited  number  fowlsand  Eggs  for  Sale. 
Also  Dure  bred  POL.\ND  CHINAS.  SHET- 
LAND PONIES.  HOaSES,  and  RED  POLLED 
CATTLE,  the  milk,   butter  and   beef  breed. 
ALBEM.-VRLE  PROLIFIC  SEED  CORN. 

ARROWHEAD  STOCK  FARM, 
Sam'l  B.  Woods,  Prop.     Charlottesville,  V». 

GRANITE    POULTRY    YARDS. 

^  Fine  Laying  Strains  ^ 

BM[D  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS 
Silver  liGEDWYiNDOmS 

My  best  j»n  of  silvers  will  be  headed  this 
season  with  a  flne  cock  direc  t  from  Mr.  J.  T. 
Orr,  out  of  his  famous  laylui;  i- train  of  Silver- 
Laced  Wyandottcs.  E(iiiS  at  81  00  per  setting 
of  15  at  Express  Office,  .Salisbury,  N.  C. 

Mrs.  JOHN  D.  A.  FISHER, 

R.  F.  D.  No.  3,   Salisbury,  N.  C.  j 

White  Leghorns. 


Eggs,  12  per  15 ;  8,5  per  00. 

Write  for  circular  to-day. 
C.  Q.  M.  FINK,  1409  W.Leigh  St.,  Richmond,  Va. 


invented  the  coaster  brake  which  bears 
his  name,  and  which  has  made  him  a 
wealthy  man. 

Hugh  Cook  of  Dayton,  Ohio,  was  a 
worker  for  wages  when  he  made  the  in- 
vention on  which  the  mopt  efficient  cash 
register  in  the  market  is  based,  from  the 
proceeds  of  which  he  receives  about 
$25,000  annually. 

F.  A.  Flanagan  had  a  little  jewelry 
store  in  Washington  City,  when  his  for- 
tune took  a  rise  by  his  deviling  a  method 
of  cleaning  oil  wells  by  dropping  an  elec- 
tric stove  down  into  them.  Prior  to  this 
invention,  when  oil  wells  became  choked 
with  paratin,  they  were  cleaned  by  ex 
ploding  nitroglycerine  cartridges,  which 
were  both  costly  and  dangerous.  The 
electric  stove  process  is  safe  and  cheap, 
and  has  made  the  inventor  rich. 

I  have  heard  that  the  inventor  of  the 
safety-pin  made  a  fortune  by  this  inven- 
tion, but  I  do  not  know  "what's  his 
naoae  or  where's  his  home,"  or  any  au- 
thentic details  about  him. 

The  Americans  have  shown  more  in- 
vention than  any  other  nation  in  regard 
to  the  daily  wants  and  conveniences  of 
life.  Edison  alone  has  taken  out  750 
patents,  numbers  of  them  applications 
of  electricity  to  common  daily  needs. 
But  we  must  not  forget  nor  fail  to  ac- 
knowledge our  debt  to  the  great  inven- 
tors of  other  nations,  notably  the  Scotch, 
English,  German,  French  and  Italian. 
To  Scotland  is  due  (in  the  person  of 
James  Watt)  the  invention  of  the  mod- 
em condensed  steam  engine,  with  the 
incalculably  great  results  that  followed 
in  this  invention.  It  was  Hargraves,  an 
English  carpenter,  who,  in  1767,  invented  I 
the  spinning  jenny  which  gave  means  of 
spinning  twenty  or  thirty  threads  with 
no  more  labor  than  had  been  employed 
on  a  single  one.  This  was  followed  by 
Arkwright's  still  more  important  inven- 
tion of  the  spinning  frame  which  it  is 
interesting  to  connect  with  the  subse- 
quent invention  of  the  cotton  gin  in 
America.  The  two  gave  an  enormous 
impetus  to  the  cultivation  and  manufac- 
ture of  cotton,  and  like  the  two  wings  of 
a  bird,  ctiused  commerce  to  soar  aloft, 
where  formerly  it  had  crept. 

To  Germany,  in  the  person  of  Guten- 
burg,  we  owe  the  invention  of  printing. 


..HOLLYBROOK  FARM  . 

EGGS^'SETTING 

From  Thorouglibred  Poultry. 

In  OLr  poultry  yards  we  have  the  following 
thoroughbred  poultry,  all  flrst-class  stock, 
originally  started  from  the  best  stock  in  this 
country,  and  carefully  cross-mated  so  as  to 
give  strong  and  vigorous  stock  and  the  best 
laying  strains  of  the  different  breeds  that  It  18 
possiijle  to  obtain : 

BARRED  P.  ROCK.  $i.oo  per  sitting. 
BLACK  UkN&SHAN.  ti.oo  per  sitting. 
BUFF  PLYMOUTH  ROCK.  $1.50  sitting. 
LIGHT  BRAHMAS.  fi.soCper  sitting. 
SILVER    LACED    WVANOOTTE.        Price, 

$1.50  per  sitting. 
WHITE  WVANOTTE.    $1.50  p3r  sitting. 
In  addition   to   careful   breeding,  we   pay 
special  attention  to  the  handling  and  packlDg 
of  our  Eggs,  so  as  to  ensure  good  fertility  and 
a  good  hatch. 

We  have  also  for  sale  a  few  flrst-class  young 

cockerels    of    BUFF    PLYMOUTH  ■» ROCKS, 

SILVER    LACED    WYANDOTTES    AND 

LIGHT  BRAHM.\S. 

Price,  81..50  and  $2  each,  crated  for  shipment. 

HEiNRY  W.  WOOD, 

P.  0.  Box  330.     Hollybrook  Farm.  RICHMOND,  VA. 


LEGHORN  POULTRY  YARDS 


an  obligation  so  vast,  BO  overwhelming  j  cS^^Blll^'^n^^'^l^e'Ullf^^SL^''^^ 


that  all   words  fail  in   making  an  ade- 
quate acknowledgment  of  it. 

To  Italy  is  due,  in  the  person  of  Galileo, 
the  invention  of  the  telescope,  with  all 
its  valuable  offshoots,  as  for  instance, 
spectacles  for  the  use  of  old  persons,  or 
others  suffering  from  weak  or  imperfect 
vision.  No.'  did  the  great  inventors  of 
Italy  become  extinct  with  Galileo,  for  it 
is  an  Italian  of  the  present  day,  Marconi, 
who  has  successfully  established  the  sys- 
tem of  wireless  telegraphy.  But  it  was 
primarily  Morse's  invention  of  the  tele- 
graph which  has  paved  the  way  to  Mar- 
coni's invention,  and  all  others  along 
that  line.  -^■^^^-^— ^— ^— ^-^-^_i_^.^__ 

To  France,  in  the  person  of  Daguerre,  ni  \/MrM  ITU  r»ri/~K'  l=/^/~e 
is  due  the  invention  which  paved  the  rl^l  nUU  I  M  KULii  CUUd 
way  to  modern  photography  with  all  its 


Roosters.  Best  layers  known.  Prize- winning 
stock.  Price,  {1.00  to  81.50each.  Eggs  in  season 
at  $1.00  for  16 ;  $5  00  per  100.  Satisfaction  guar- 
anteed.    Address 

A.  T.  MATTHEWS,  Box  36,  Parksley,  Va. 


BROWN  LEGHORNS 

(Single  Comb.) 

Eggs  from  prize  winners  and  good  layers  J1.50 
per  sitting.    Reduction  on  larger  lots. 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS 
R.  W.  HAW,  Jr.,    -    Centralia,  Va. 


wonders  and  beauties.  I  remember  the 
pale,  shadowy  pictures  called  "Daguer- 
leotyes "  in  my  childhood,  and  after- 
wards succeeded  by  a  better  style  of  pic- 


FOR  BROILERS. 

The  undersigned  can  furnish  them  In 
limited  quantities  at  fj.50  for  100. 
F.  O.  B.  at  Claremont,  Va. 
M.  HUCHES,    Claremont,  Surry  Co..  Va. 


IM03.J 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAUTEB. 


i99 


PECJK'S  EGG-FOOD. 

CCCn  FOR  SOHENS  ^1    OO 
rCCU  FOR  60  DAYS  Qli  PREPAID. 

It  Is  the  cheapest  food  ou  earth.  It 
pays  others,  aud  will  pay  you.  It  makes 
the  poultry  business  interesting,  Be- 
CACSK  It  produces  lesults — We  Si:g- 
GEST  a  trial  order.  Our  Booklet  and 
Egg-Record— F.  ek. 

THE  FRED  S.  PECK  CO., 
21 1  W.  Mitchell  SI  ,     -    Petoskey,  Mich. 


ALL  KINDS  OF 

LIVE  WILD  BIRDS  AND  ANIMALS, 


CECIL  FRENCH, 

7  1  8  Twjilth  St.  N.  W.,  Washington.  D.  C. 

Barred,  Buff  and  White  P.  Rocks,  Light 
Brahmas,  White  Wyandottes,  Buff  Coch- 
ins, Partridge  Cochins,  Black  Langshan, 
Black  Minorca,  S.  C.  Brown  Leghorns  and 
S.  C.  White  Leghornt.  Stock  for  tale  cheap. 
Prize  winner  eggs,  tl  far  1.5.  A  hatch  of  %, 
or  order  duplicated  at  half  price. 

OAKLAND  POULTRY  FARM.  Ruffin,  N.  C. 
Bo:^5. C.  J.  Warriner,  Minager. 

32  Varieties  j"p|-s 
Best  Poultry  !r3;: 

m^^^m^^^m^m^^^^^^J  All  poultry 
keepers  should  have  It.    J  NO.  E.  HEATWOLE, 
Harrisonburg,  Virginia. 


BLACK  MINORCAS. 

These  fowlsare  noted  for  their  prolific 
laying  and  non-setting  qualities,  and 
are  Tery  highly  bred. 

Eggs,  81.50  per  setting  of  thirteen. 

WINSTON  &  BRANCH, 

2024  Floyd  Avenue,  Rfchmond,  Va. 

Black  Langshans. 

Fine  stock  and  free  range.    Only  breed 

kept.    Splendid  winter  layers.    A 

few  birds  for  sale. 

Cocks, S2..50;  Hens,jl..50;  Eggs.  $1.50,  per  15. 

Satisfaction  guaranteed. 


&.W.  JOHNSON, 


Parksley,  Va. 


W 


hite  and  Barred  Rock 

Single  bird,  ?1.00:  trio,  12.50.  Eggs  for  hatch- 
ing, 75  cts.  for  setting  of  15.  JERSEY  BULL, 
No.  54171.  J.B.JOHNSON, 

Clover  HIU  Farm.  Manassas,  Va. 

BARRED  and  BUFF 

PLYMOUTH  ROCKS 

Cockerels,  81.00  each. 

Buff  eggs,  81.50  per  elttlDg ;  Barred,  81.00. 

FRED  NUSSEY,    -    Summit,  Spotsylvania  Co.,  Va. 


ture  called  ambrotypes.  But  imperfect 
aa  were  the  daguerreotypes,  they  were 
headed  in  the  right  direction,  and  with- 
out the  invention  (or  discovery)  that  lies 
at  their  basis — namely,  that  the  sun  can 
be  utilized  as  a  picture- taker,  modern 
photography  could  not  have  come  into 
existent  e. 

THE  PL.\XET  JR.  NO.  4  DRILL. 

The  little  hand  implement  shown  here- 
with. Planet  Jr.  Combined  Drill,  etc.,  is 
probably  a  familiar  sight  to  most  of  our 
readers.  This  Planet  Jr.  No.  4  is  a  most 
serviceable  all  around  tool.  The  thing 
that  distinguishes  it  especially  is  its  com 
prehensiveness.  By  means  of  its  attach- 
ments, the  purchase  of  a  single  tool  gives 
you'the  service  of  four—  seeder,  hoe,  culti- 
vator and  plow— every  one  suited  to  its 
own  particular  work.  Though  for  years 
it  has  been  considered  a  splendid  tool,  it 
has  received  valuable  improvements  for 


BARRED  PLYPIOUTH  ROCK  COCKERELS. 

We  have  ten  cockerels  which  we  could  hava 
sold  readily  at  f2  50  each,  but  the  late  cold 
snap  slightly  fronted  their  comb.s  not  enough 
to  make  them  sick,  but  still  euou"h  to 
detract  from  their  appearance,  we  will  seU 
for  81  each    If  o  dered  at  ouee. '  The^  i^n  be 

lund  the  dollar.    Eggs.  81  for  15;  Incubator 
eggs,  »3  per  hundred.    No  C.  O.  D  shiprnen^s 
to  any  one.      SUMNYSIDE  POULTRY  F«RM 
Reference:  Chrisliansburg.'va. 

Bank  of  Christiansburg.  '"■"■y.  »«. 


1903.  For  every  purpose  short  of  the 
large  operations  where  a  Planet  Jr.  tool- 
horse  tool  might  profitably  be  substitu- 
ted, this  is  a  good  tool  to  buy.  Convert- 
ing it  from  one  tool  to  another  is  the 
work  of  a  minute.  Its  perfect  work,  its 
special  adaptation  to  the  thing  which 
needs  to  be  done,  and  its  easy  running 
put  a  premium  on  good  cultivation.  It 
will  be  found  advertised  elsewhere.  De- 
scriptive catalogue  and  free  information 
by  the  manufacturers,  S.  L.  Allen  &  Co., 
Philadelphia. 

AW  OBJECT  LESSON. 

A  few  weeks  ago,  Southern  Education 
Notes  published  a  list  of  counties  in  the 
South  in  which  more  than  20  per  cent,  of 
the  native  white  men  are  illiterate. 
About  one  of  those  counties  in  Virginia 
a  man  who  has  traveled  much  in  the 
South,  and  knows  the  people,  writes  aa 
follows : 

"  Perhaps  my  experience  in  travelling 
in  that  county  twenty  five  years  ago  may 
be  of  interest.  A  few  years  before  I  went 
into  the  county,  the  people  discovered 
that  a  good  deal  of  the  white  poor  soil 
was  especially  adapted  to  the  raising  of  a 
very  fine  grade  of  tobacco.  Farmers  who 
had  scarcely  eked  out  an  existence  before 
this  discovery  were  now  sometimes  able 
to  realize  as  much  as  $-500  or  $600  from 
the  sale  of  a  single  acre  of  fancy  wrappers. 
But  the  great  tide  of  prosperity  in  the 
growing  of  this  tobacco  came  and  passed 
away  without  benefitting  very  largely  the 
people  of  the  county.  I  never  saw  so 
much  drunkenness  and  debauchery  in 
my  life.  One  day  I  went  to  as  many  as 
three  houses  in  the  course  of  my  travels 
in  which  I  found  men  too  drunk  to  at- 
tend to  business.    They  got  big  prices  for 


The  Racket  Poultry  Farms, 

A.  S.  JOHNSON,  Man.,  Parksley,  Va. 

Bretder  of  High-ciass  Land  and  Water  Fowls. 

Black  Langshan.s,  Hhode  Island  Reds 
S.  C.  Brown  Leghorns,  Toulouse  Geesb 

Pekin  Ducks  and  Belgian  Hares 
T  Oe«'s»  eggs,  25cts  each.  Langshans,  Rhode 
Island  Rfds  SLSd  aittlng,  others.  $1.00  Our 
birds  are  bred  from  winners  at  largest  shows, 
and  have  the  range  of  three  farms.  Satisfa<> 
factory  guarantee. 


BARRED  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS 

A    SPECIALTY. 

Line  bred  for  twelve  years ;  beautifully 

barred,   large   and    healthy,   farm-raised 

birds  for  sale  all  seasons. 

Eggs,  81  per  sitting  1,5.  two  sittings,  $1.50. 

Cockerels,  81  to  $2;  Pullets,  »l! 

E,   F.  SOMMERS,  Somerset,  Orange  County,  Va. 


WHITE  WYANDOTTES 
and  BUFF  P.  ROCKS. 

Beautiful  birds,  and  grand  layers 

Cockerels.  S1.50  each. 

Eggs,  $1  per  13 ;   ?5  per  lOO. 

EDGEMONT  POULTRY  YARDS,  Liberty  Mills.  Va. 

S.  C.  BROWN  LEGHORNS 

Loing  bred  for  fine  plumage,  strong  vitality 
and  laymg  qualities.  One  sitting  of  16  eggs. 
Li^l^ikcJ^°  sittings  of  32  eggs,  81.25;  per  1(» 
eggs,  S3..50.         Address 


J.  N.  HANGER, 


Lasley,  Va. 


Barred  Plymouth  Rooks 

EXCLUSIVELY 

Strong      healthy,    vigorous,    larm-ralsed 
stock ;  bred  for  laying ;  75  cts.  per  setting. 

WM.  B.  LEWIS,  Irby,  Nottoway  Co.,  V». 


PIT  GAMES 

Red  Horses,  Eggs,  $1.60  per  sitting  (15). 

Also  a  few  Red  Horse  and  Irlsh  Red  Cock* 

for  tale  at  reasonable  prices. 

A.  S.  CRAVEN,  -   Qreenwood,  Va. 

BLACk  DEVILS  and  RED  HORSES. 

These  Cocks  won  90  per  ct.  of  battles  fought 
Id  1901  and  1902,  »nd  have  never  lost  a  battle 
when  gameness  and  cutting  qualities  could 
win.    Egg«,  r2  per  sitting  and  stock  for  sale. 

THUS.  W.  JARM.\N,  Yancey  Jlills,  Va. 


WANTED 


50  Fine  Brown  Legi- 
HORN  Hens  and  1 
Cockerel   to   be    de- 
livered to  Burkevllle,  Va.      E.  M.  SANDYS, 

16  Eighth  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

S.  C.  B.  LEGHORN  ROOSTERS  OR  HEMS^ 

75  cts.  each ;  Eggs,  "5  cts.  for  15. 
Mrs.  a.  W.  DAVIS,  -  BLANTON.VA. 


200 


IHE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


1  March 


SHORTHORNS 

SPECIAL  OFFERING  FOR 
30  DAYS. 

Owing  to  the  scarcity  of  feed,  I  will 
offer  20  Cows  and  Heifers,  and  14 
Young  Bulls  for  immediate  sale,  at 
prices  ranging  from  $75  to  tloO  each. 

Parties  desiring  to  purcha'^e  shoulil  not 
miss  an  opportunity  to  see  these  cattle. 

This  oflfering  consists  of  popular  Amer. 
ican  and  Scotch  families.  All  animals 
either  Recorded  or  will  be  Recorded  in 
purchaser's  name,  and  a  certified  copy  of 
registration  furnished  with  each  animal 
D.  M.   KIPPS, 

Success,  Warren  Co.,  Va., 

ELLERSLIE  FARM-*^-*. 
Thoroughbred  Horses 

AND  SHORTHORN  CATTLE, 

Pure  Southdown  Sheep 
and  Berkshire  Pigs. 

FobSalb.        R.J.  HANCOCK  &  son, 
Chaklottbsvillb,  V  A, 

COOK'S  CREEK  HERD, 

Scotch-Topped 
Shorthorns^^ 

Herd  Headed    bT  Governor  Tjler,  158.548 
Young  Bulls  and  Heifers  for  sale.    Inspection 
and  correspondence  Invited, 
HEATWOLE  &  SUTER,  Dale  Enterprise,  Va. 


EAST  RIVER  SIDE 

SHORTHORNS 

FOR  SA.r.E. 

One  choice  Red  Bull,  oli  enough 
for  service. 
Addkess 

JAMES  P.  CLEMMKR,  -  Snmmmlean,  Va. 

VIRGINIA  VALLEY  HERO 

"  Of  Registered  Shorthorn  Cattle. 

Choice  yoang  bull,  owe.  and  heifers  bred. 

Also  Poland-China  Hogs  and  Barred 

Plymouth  Rock  Chic  ken.s. 

Prices  Keasonable 

HENRY  BLOSSER,  Harriso.sburc,  Va 


FOR  SALE 

Fine,  Thoroughbred  JERSEY  BULL  CALF, 

I)  months  old. 

1  have  the  finest  set  d  corn  in  this  section. 

C.N.STACY,         -        Amelia  C.  M.,Va. 


Sn    Uf     I  [PUnDUO     fufe  stock.    Bred  to 
.  U.  n.  LtUnUnilO.  lay.    Kggs.tl  per  20. 
IDEAL  POULTRY  YAKDS,  Kopp,  Va. 


their  tobacco,  handled  a  good  deal  of 
money,  knew  no  higher  sense  of  enjoy- 
ment thfi  to  spind  it,  for  whiskey,  and 
all  the  evils  which  follow  in  the  trail  of 
its  use  came  to  them. 

"Later  it  was  discovered  that  certain 
lands  in  Kentucky  would  grow  the  same 
tobacco  equally  as  well  and  better.  The 
price  of  tobacco  went  Jown  and  the  great- 
est opportunity  ttiat  the  people  of  that 
county  ever  had  to  become  wealthy  pass- 
ed away.  Not  more  than  one  man  in 
twenty  was  permanently  benefitted  by 
tobacco  culture,  and  a  great  many  were 
seriously  damaged."  The  writer  adds: 
'•  Permanent  prosperity  is  impossible  in 
any  illiterate  community.  We  may  strike 
oil,  find  coal,  iron  and  gold,  but  the  peo- 
ple who  live  where  such  wealth  is  stored 
will  not  be  benefitted  unless  they  are 
sufficiently  educated  to  take  advantage  of 
the  opportunity  to  improve  euch  natural 
resources  and  make  them  a  means  of  per- 
manent social  betterment." 

A  BRIGHT  THOUGHT. 

She  was  a  fair  young  thing  from  Bosfon 
with  an  inquiring  mind,  and  having  run 
the  blunt  old  sealing  captain  into  the 
farthermost  corner  of  the  Labrador  coast 
ing  steamer  and  cut  off  from  him  all 
means  of  retreat,  she  begged  of  him  to 
tell  her  of  his  perilous  vocation. 

"  But,  Captain,"  she  asked,  "  how  is  it 
you  catch  so  very  many  dear,  little,  tiny 
seals  ?" 

''  Well,  you  see,"  replied  the  Captain 
in  his  husky  voice,  hesitating  as  he  hunt- 
ed for  a  word  other  than  "females"  which 
he  thought  objectionable,  "  you  see,  the 
ladies  pup  on  the  ice." — Caroline  Lock 
HART  (Suzbttb),  in  March  hippincoU's. 

IMPROVED  POLAND-CHINAS 
FOR  VIRGINIA. 

Mr.  J.  B.  Gray  reports  the  demand  for 
Poland-Chinas  unprecedented,  an.i  in 
order  to  fill  orders  has  made  the  follow- 
ing additions  to  his  herd  of  Poland-Chi- 
nas from  the  leading  breeders  of  Ohio  : 
Two  sows  by  Penfrede  Perfreter,  and  two 
sows  by  Ohio  Black  Chief,  52101,  and 
two  sows  in  pig  by  Big  Ideal,  53426,  and 
a  young  boar  by  J.  H.  Big  Chief,  46085, 
out  of  Beat  Sunshine.  Ihe  oreeder  of 
this  boar  says  that  he  is  the  best  all-over 
pig  that  he  has  ever  seen  or  raised,  and 
Mr.  G  says  that  it  is  impossible  to  con- 
ceive of  a  more  perfect  spine  in  a  Poland- 
China  pig. 

VALUABLE  CATALOGUE. 

We  have  looked  over  the  catalogue  we 
have  just  received  from  Morrill  A  Mor- 
ley,  of  Benton  Birbor,  Mich.,  makers  of 
the  Eclipse  .Spray  Pumps  and  our  adver- 
tisers. From  cover  to  cover  it  is  full  of 
valuable  matter,  compiled  from  years  of 
practical  experience  and  representing 
tests  that  have  cost  the  makers  thou- 
sands of  dollars.  Any  of  our  readers  who 
are  using  spray  machinery  will  find  it  to 
their  interest  to  write  for  a  copy  of  the 
above  catalogue  and  to  give  it  careful 
study.  Write  direct  to  the  makers,  Mor- 
rill &  Morley,  Benton  Harbor.  Mich.,  and 
mention  this  paper  when  writing. 


RED  POLLED 
CATTLE 

rOR  SALE. 

One  purebred  registered  bull,  three-year-old. 

Price,  S125. 
One    purebred  registered  cow,  four-yearold, 

due  to  calve  iu  April.    Price,  S150. 
One  pure-bred  registered  heifer,  two  year-old, 
due  to  calve  Iu  June.    Prlct%  $125. 
rPlce  on  the  lot,  $350.,  f.  o.  b.  cars  Cbristtans- 
burg.  Va. 
Will  keep  cattle  until  April  loth,  for  buyer. 
These  cattle  are  all  purebred  iiud  resbtered 
Iu   American  Red   Polled   Cuttle   Club    Herd 
Book,  aud  are  all  in  fine,  healthy  condition. 

WM    S.  FOSTER.       Blacksburg.  Va 


MEADOWVALE  FARM 

OFFERS  FOR  SALE  SOME  CHOICE 
JERSEY   and   GUERNSEY  CATTLE, 
BERKSHIRE  SWINE,  WHITE  WY- 
ANDOTTES,  BARRED  PLYMOUTH 
ROCKS  and  WHITE  LEGHORNS. 

The  cattle  offered  consist  of  Young  Cows, 
Yearling  Hellers,  Heifer  and  Bull  Calves  aud 
Bulls  old  enough  for  service.  Berkshiresof  all 
ages  and  both  sexes.  The  poultry  is  all  fine 
breeding  stock  and  healthy. 

Meadowvale  Farm  has  won  la  the  past  thre« 
years  over  600  First  and  Special  Prizes  at  the 
Leading  Fairs  and  Expositions;  Including, 
New  York,  Boston,  Philadelphia,  Higfrstown, 
Pan-American  and  Charleston.  For  Descrip- 
tion, Pedigree  and  Prices,  address 
LEWIS  B.  BENEDICT.  Prop  ,  Luttaervllle,  iVld. 

Farm  Bulletin 

Splendid  ANGUS  BULL  for  sale. 
1  year  old  in  April. 

We  are  now  booking  orders  for 
DoRSKT  Ram  Lambs.  No  more 
Berkshire  Pigs  now. 

D.  0.  NOURSE,  Prof,  of  A?r. 
Blaoksburg,  Va. 

For  Sale ^-^ 

A.NGOIi.A.  C3-OiA.TS. 

Registered  and   Grades.        "  One  to  carload 
Pairs,  110.00;  trios,  817.00. 


lots.' 


Write  for  carload  prices. 


x^J 

"^" 

'W 

'''¥ 

—  V  ■ 

J^t 

.^g,^pi 

^^p 

JtKtMY  IMPROVEMENT  CO., 


1903.] 


THE  BOUTHEEN  PLAlTrBE. 


201 


III  Miiiimmnimmiiiiii  iiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiii 


$100  CASH  PRIZE  ""^Nv 
ST«»ENT„;^;1l  COLLEGE 


We  hereby  oiler  $100  to  cash  for  the  best  article  to  be  written  on 
breeding  and  raisineHogs.  Describe  ten  sows  that  you  ivou'd  select 
for  breeding.  Describe  boar  that  you  would  select  for  a  croas  with 
these  sows.  Describe  how  and  what  kind  of  grain,  grains  or  mill 
stuffs  you  would  feed  sows  until  pigs  were  farrowed.  Tell  how 
many  pigs  you  would  e:;pect  from  the  ten  sows  and  describe  how 
and  what  you  would  feed  sows  after  pigs  were  farrowed.  State  when 
you  would  commence  feediug  pigs  aud  what  you  would  use.  blate 
when  you  would  wean  pigs  and  what  kind  of  feed  you  would  give 
them  from  that  time  until  they  were  sis  months  old  and  what  you 
would  expect  to  make  them  weigh  at  the  e.^piratiou  of  six  months. 
State  why  you  w-ould  expect  such  results  from  your  care  and  kind 
of  feed  used.  Describe  kind  of  pens  and  yards  you  would  use  for 
each  condition.  Our  aim  is  to  have  you  write  an  article  describing 
in  a  practical  way  just  howyou  would  raise  hogs  to  obtain  thebest 
results.  The  breed  ol  hogs  selected  will  Not  be  considered  in  the  decision. 
The  use  of  "INTERNATIONAL  STOCK  FOOD"  will  Not  be  considered  m  the 
decisiDD.  The  decision  will  be  published  in  every  leading  Farm 
Paper  in  the  United  Stales  and  Canada.  Mail  your  article  to  The 
American  Swineherd.  Chicago.  111.,  on  or  before  May  10th,  1903.  The 
judges  willbe  J.  W. Baynes,  editorand proprietorof  American  Swineherd, 
Prol.  Thomj'S  Shaw  of  The  Farmer.  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  and  Henry  Wallace. 
editor  of  Wallace's  Farmer,  Des  Moines,  Iowa.  These  gentlemen  are 
well  known  throughout  the  entire  country  and  the  decision  will  be  rendered  in  May.  1903.  The  winning  article  is  to  be  o"/ P™P"'y 
and  will  be  circulated  throughout  the  world  aud  will  attract  universal  attention  of  all  swine  raisers  Who  wil  win  (he  $100  Cash  and  he  Honor 
and  at  the  same  time  write  an  articlethat  willbe  of  great  practical  value  to  every  stockman?  AiTTry  for  il.  «*  Vou  may  be  lhe_^winner.  AU  articles 
must  be  mailed  to  The  American  Swineherd,  Chicago.  111.,  on  or  before  May  lOlb.  1903.    Mark  your  envelope 


"International  Slock  Food"  Oiler."®* 


•HUTKRlfATIONAL  STOCK  FSOD"  tys  /EEDS  fob  ONE  CENT=5;S  i»  Trcpared  from  T.^pt^,  Herbs,  Seeds  and  Barka  •nawonthe  Highest  Medal  at  Paris  Exposi 
)Hfgli^;i»iK  vegetable,  medicinal   preiiaraticm  to  be  fed  to  stock  in  email  nmonp.ts  ea  an  addition  to  tbo  regilar  feed.    It  is  a  Great  Aid  in  Growii 
iDerea.eB  the  appetite  BDd  Aide  Digestion  and  Assimilation  so  that  each  animal  obtains  more  nntrition  from  the  graia  € 

extra  money  over  the  nnoBl  Plan  of  Growing  and  Fattening  stock.     "InternallnDal  Stoeii  Food' 

It  is  Absolutely  Harmless  even  if  taken  into  the  Human  System.     Vou  insist  on  eating  i 
medicine.  Pepper  i 


thej 


,  (rtustard  is  a  remedy  for  dyspepsia, 
;nts  promote  health  and  strength  for  people 
^ssary  an  addition  to  tlie  regular  feed  of  yo 


dients  with  yoar  Own  food  at  every  meal.  Salt  ii 
ar  is  a  diuretic.  ¥oa  eat  these  medicinal  ingredients  almost  v 
1  improve  theirdigestion.    "iBtcrnotional  Stock  Food" 


^^ck  if  you  desire  to  keep  them  in  the  best  possible  condition. 

,...    Itpurifieflthe  blood,  stimulates  andpermanentlyfltrenethensthoentireaystem  sotliatd 

1  a  '-Spet    Casli  <^maraatee"  by   yifty    TboasaDd   Dealers  tbrsaghoat  the  World.      ^^  Tonr  Money  ^ill  he  Promptly  Refi 


ted  '. 


onal  Stock  Food" 
.  "lolercalional 
of  failui*. 


Btoek  Food'     -^ -, -,    ,     -     -       .-  .  .     . 

II  win  make  your  Plye  or  He?a  grew  Anaslnely  and  has  the  largest  eile  in  the  World  for  CBrinf  or  preventing  Bog  Disease.    «g=-  Beware  of  the  many  Cheap  and  Inferior 
iBllationa  !    No  Chemist  eaa  aeparal«  mil  the  Dlffereat  pawdered  Beols.  Herbs,  Barks  aad  Seeds  that  we  aa«.    Any  One  olalmlne  to  do  so  Most  be  an  IgnoramoB  or  Falsifier. 


A  $300000  STOCK  BOOK  FREE  IlSs^ 


IT  CONTAINS  183  LAI6E  ENGXAVINGS  OF  BOISES.  CATTLE,  SHEEP,  POULTRY.  ETC. 

«ie  Caver  of  this  Book  U  %  Beautiful  Live  Stock  Picture  erPrUled  in  8U  Brilliant  Colers,  Book  is  6^  by  1%.  See  engravinftor 
greatly  reduced  design  of  cover.  It  eost  as  $2000  to  have  our  Artists  and  Engravers  make  these  life 
Engravings.  This  Book  contains  a  Finely  Illustrated  Teteriaary  Departaieat  that  will  Save  You  Haadreds 
of  Dollars.  It  describes  common  Diseases,  and  tells  how  to  treat  them.  It  also  gives  Description, 
History  and  Illustrations  of  the  DiffersBt  Breeds  of  Horses,  Cattle,  Sheep,  Goats.  Bogs  and  Poultry. 
It  contains  testimonials,  and  Life  Engravings  of  many  very  noted  Animals.  The  Editor  Of  This  Paper 
WiU  Tell  Ton  That  You  Ought  To  Have  This  Book  In  Tour  Library  For  Reference. 

$10.00  CASH,  ws  will  sand  yon,  I?  BOOK  IB  MOT  AS  STATKD. 
»k  iMk  MaUed  Free.  raltss<  rrapald,  If  Tan  Write  Ca  (lettar  ar  pestnl)  and  Auwer  These  i  4a«UlBS: 

1st.— Nwalluarapar.         M.— Haw  Huk  Stock  BaTeToat 
Write  aa  teday  far  book. 


Largest  Stock  Food  FaetAry  in  the  World. 

Capital  Paid  in.  ll.MO.OOO. 
Wo  Occupy  62,000  Feet  of  Floor  Spaae. 


Iiternatioiial  Stock  M  Co., 


HmntAPOIill.  ^*  e»ploy  OTer  300  people  and  have 
Hundreds  of  Thoasands  of  Testimo- 
lials  frem  Fannere   and  Stockmen. 


■nm..  u.  a.  a. 


3FfFDSFpRQNEGFNT 


/>-!  ri  15  r  isK., 


1 1 i  i I f I i 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1  I  III  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1» 


202 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAIJITEE. 


[March 


•    FILSTON  FARM.    • 

SECOND  LARGEST 

JERSEY  HERD 

IN  AMERICA.    FOUNDED  1882. 

BULL  CALVES,  and  for  the  Oral  time.  He''*" 
bred  to  Imported  Golden  Peter,  and  Helf.r 
Cfclreg  and  a  few  aged  Cows. 

BERKSHIRES.  all  »ge«'  "'■•^„V/Qn<?"'~B'^* 
Storm  King,  or  Imported  Esau  and,  »ii«, 
good  shape  and  large  Utters. 

Visitors  welcome.  Address  for  Book  of  Th« 
Farm,  or  prices 

FILSTON  FARM.GLENCOE,  MP. 

Swift  Creek  Stock  and  Dairy  Farm 

Has  for  sale  a  large  num- 
ber of  nloe  yonng  regl»- 
tered  A.  J.  C.  C. 

JERSEY  BULLS 
AND  HEIFERS. 

None  better  bred  In  the  South.  Combining 
closely  the  most  noted  and  up-to-date  blood 
to  America.  Bulls  10  U,  12  ■gof^s  o^d,  KSm 
Heifers,  same  age,  »35.00.  POLANU-CUIWA 
PIGS,  fc.00  each.  Send  check  and  get  what 
you  want. 

T.  P.  BR  AS  WELL,  Prop.,  Battleboro,  N.  C. 

Hackney  Stallion 

FOR  SALE. 

Only  4  yrs.  old,  and  Is  a  prize  winner. 

Send  for  particulars. 
I  also  have  some  very  fine  purebred 

S.  L.  Wyandotte  Cockerels. 
Eggs  in  season  at  SI  per  sitting  of  16. 

Dr.  H    H    LEE,    -    Lexington,  Va. 


*m. 


Woodland 
Farm'*- 


DORSETS 

Of  16  ram-!,  9  to  H  mos.  old,  we  now  have 
on  hand,  4  are  not  quite  good  enough  to  head 
aSy  herd  in  the  United  Staters.  The  best 
ram  HardlPg  could  And  In  England  now 
SSds  our  (lock.  Are  buying  a  few  ewes; 
Sone  to  sell,  but  are  booking  orders  for  October 
dropped  ewe  lamb.s. 

WOODLAND  FARM,  Mechanlcsburg,  0. 
(.1.  E.  Wing,  Willis  O.  Wing,  Chas.  B.  Wing.) 


AND 


DORSETS 
HEREFORDS 

H.  ARMSTRONG,  -  Lantz  Mills,  Va. 


SRcg.HEREPORDBULLS 

From  6  mo.s.  to  ;i  yrs.  old.  ' 

8  REGr.  ItlSIFSRS 

From  6  to  18  mos.  old.    At  reasonable  prices. 
HAYFIELOS  STOCK  FARM,     Cockeysvlile.  Md. 


HAWKSLEY   STOCK   FARH. 

Large  ENGLISH  BERKSHIRES 
B.  P.  ROCKS  FOWLS, 

Eggs  from  same,  $1  per  13. 
J.  T.  OLIVER,  Allen's  Level,  Va. 


REPORTS. 
U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.     Bureau  of  Chemistry. 
Bulletin  69.  Part  3.   Foods  and  Food 
Control. 

Part  4.    Foods  and  Food 


Part  5.     Foods  and  Food 


Bulletin  69. 

Control. 
Bulletin  69. 

Control. 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations.   Experi- 
ment   Station    Record,    Vol.   XIV, 
No.  6. 
Public  Road   Inquiries.     Bulletin   23- 
Road  Conventions  in  the   Southern 
States. 
Farmers'  Bulletin  164.     Rape  as  a  For- 
age Crop. 
Farmers'    Bulletin    152.     Experiment 
Station  Work. 

Alabama  Experiment  Station,  Auburn, 
Ala.  Bulletin  121.  Dairy  Food  Record 
and  Creamery  Notes. 

Illinois  Experiment  Station,  Urbana,  111. 
Bulletin  82.  Methods  of  Corn  Breed- 
ing. 

Iowa  Experiment  Station,  Ames,  Iowa. 
Bulletin  67.    Chemical  Composition  of 

Food  Preservatives. 
Press  Bulletin.     Moisture  in  Corn. 

Kansas  Experiment  Station,  Manhattan, 
Kan.  Bulletin  11.5.  Exact  Calcula- 
tion of  Balanced  Rations. 

Michigan  Experiment  Station,  Agricul- 
tural College,  Mich.  Bulletin  203. 
Analyses  of  Some  of  the  Commercial 
Feeding  Stuffs  of  Michigan. 

Nebraska  Experiment  Station,  Lincoln, 
Neb.  Bulletin  76.   Experiments  with 
Dairy  Herd. 
Bulletin  77.    Poisoning  of  Cattle  by 
Sorghum  and  Kaffir  Corn. 

New    Hampshire    Experiment    Station, 
Durham,  N.  H.    Bulletin  94.    Rem- 
edies for  Fleas. 
Bulletin  95.  How  to  Grow  a  Forest  from 
Seed. 

New  York  Experiment  Station,  Geneva, 
N.  Y.     Bulletin  217.     Inspection  of 
Feeding  Stuffs. 
Bulletin  218.    Strawberries  in  1902. 
Bulletin  222.    Report  of  Analyses  of 
Paris  Green  and  Other  Insecticides. 

North  Carolina  Experiment  Station. 
Press  Bulletin  7  Silk  Culture  for 
the  Season  of  1903. 

North  Dakota  Experiment  Station,  Fargo, 
N.  D.  Bulletin  53.  Food  Products 
and  Their  Adulteration. 

Pennsylvania  Experiment  Station,  State 
College,  Penn.  Bulletin  62.  An  Ex- 
periment in  Ginseng  Culture. 

South     Carolina     Experiment    Station, 
Clemson,  College,  S.  C     Bulletin  74. 
Experiments  with  Poultry. 
Bulletin  76.    Bermuda  Grass. 

Virginia  Experiment  Station,  Blacks- 
burg,  Va.  Resume  of  the  Official 
Work  in  Relation  to  the  San  Jose 
Scale. 

Virginia  (Hampton  Nature  Study  Bureau), 
Hampton,  Va.  Care  and  Management 
of  Horses. 


READERS 

OF  THE 

PLANTER 

In  want  of  a  PIANO  will  find  it  to  their 
Interest  to  write  to  us.  We  assure  them 
there  is  such  a  thing  as  buying  an 
honestly-made  Instrument  at  a  mode- 
rate price. 

We  make  CASH  and  TIME  SALES, 
anl  are  willing  to  talie  part  payment 
in  Stock  and  Farm  Products. 

Write  and  state  your  wishes. 

F.  W.  WALTER  &  SON, 

STAUNTON,  VA. 


COLLIE  PUPS! 

By  prize- winning  Imported  sires  and  trained 
dams.  Eligible.  Fit  for  bench,  ranch  or  farm, 
Prlee,  JIO,  either  sex.  Also  a  book  on  the  car* 
and  training  of  the  Collie  for  all  practical  use*. 
Price,  50c.  Copy  of  book  free  to  purchiw«r  of 
Collie. 

Stock  Farm,  "  MAPLEMONT,"  Albany,  Ver. 

Large  English   Berkshire  Hogs, 
Barred  Plymouth  RockChickens 

BEN.  BOLT,  60747,  430  lbs.  as  a  yearling  at 
head  of  herd.    «S-EGG8  IN  SEASON. 

JOHN  P.  FOSTER,  Nocreek,  Ohio  Co.,  Ky. 

ANGUS  BULL  CALVES 

Registered  and  unrecorded.  Stock  flrstr 
class,  and  breeding  the  best. 

SHROPSHIRE  SHEEP 

First  class  yearling  rams,  and  ewes  of 
all  ages.   Several  FINE  FARMS  for  sale. 

WARREN  RICE,    -    Winchester,  Va, 


150  Jacks,  Jennets  &  Mules  150 


Best  assortment  1 
ever  owned.  Can 
suit  you  exactly. 
Write  for  descrip- 
tion and  prices. 

Also  will  sell  tw» 
Percheron  stallions 
at  close  figures. 
BAKER'S  JACK  FARM, 

Lawrence, Indiana. 


rilNE  JACKS. 

Mulf  s  are  equal  to  Gold  Dollars,  from 

"  youth  to  old  age."    Several  nice  ones 

and  2  very  line  Jennetts  for  sale.    Buy 

Jack  now  and  get  him  ready  for  spring. 

Write  your  wants  to 

L.  L.  THOHAS, 
722  W.  Campbell  Ave.,       -      Roanoke,  Va. 


JACKS  and  JENNETS 

FOR  SALE. 

Enclose  2  cent  stamp  for 
new  catalogue. 
W.  E.  KNiaHTt  CO., 

R.  F.  D.  5.    Nashville,  Tann. 


^ 


1J*1;3.J 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEB 


203 


MARKET  TOPPERS  FOR  SALE,  LOW. 


One  thoroughbred  Aneus  cow,  unregistered, 
coming  3  yrs.,  with  heifer  calf  at  foot 
Price,  575. 

Four  three-fourths  Angus  heifers,  two  coming 
3  yrs.,  two  coming  -4  yrs.,  bred  to  reg.  An- 
gus bull.    Price,  J.50  each. 

Four  seven-eighths  Angus  heifers,  coming  2 
yrs.,  bred  to  reg.  Angus  bull.    S50  each. 

Three  seveu-eighins  Angus  heifers,  coming  1 
yr.    $30  each. 

Four  one-half  Angus  heifers,  coming  1  yr. 
J20  each. 

One  bull  calf,  out  of  a  thoroughbred  .Shorthorn 
cow,  by  a  reg.  Angus  bml.    Price,  S.50. 

One  St-mos.-old  reg.  Angus  bull.    Price  8100. 

One  12-mos.-old  reg.  Angus  heifer.    Price,  JIOO. 
All  of  the  above  cattle  are  black,  and  as  well 
polled  as  a  thoroughbred  Anjius. 

Eight  beautiful  reg.  Angora  goats,  six  does 
which  will  kid  soon,  two  fine  bucks. 
Price,  8100  for  the  lot. 

One  fine  reg.  Angus  Bull  Calf,  .5  mos.  old,  at  875. 

One  pair  Bay  Mares,  with  black  points,  com- 
ing 5  yrs.  old.  Weight,  1,200  lbs.  each. 
Well  broken  to  harness  and  all  farm  ma- 
chinery. An  ideal  farm  team.  Heavy 
enough  for  farm  work  and  active  enough 
for  good  drivers,  and  gentle  enough  for 
anybody  to  handle.  If  sold  very  soon,  will 
tal^e  832.5..  which  is  very  cueap. 
Address  W.  M.  WATKINS  &  SON, 

Cottage  Valley  Stock  Farm, 

Randolph,  Charlotte  Co  ,  Va. 


SEED  CORN 

^^  FOR  SATm^  ^^ 

By  W.  M.  WATKINS  &  SON, 

RANDOLPH,  CHARLOTTE  CO.,VA. 
Snow  White  Dent. 

This  variety  has  proven  the  grandest  mill- 
ing corn  in  the  world,  and  far  above  all  other 
varieties  of  White  corn  in  average  yield.  Last 
year  from  one  bushel  planted  on  ordinary  high 
land,  without  fertilizers,  we  gathered  sixty 
barrels  of  flue  corn.    Price,  $1.50  per  bus. 

Pride  of  Cottage  Valley. 

A  large  eared,  deep  grained  early  white 
corn  with  16  to  24  rows  on  a  cob  and  stalks  13 
to  15  feet  high,  usually  two  ears  to  the  stalk 
and  yielding  an  abundance  of  fodder.  This 
corn  is  very  productive  and  makes  the  best 
meal.    Price,  $1.50  ptr  bus. 

White  Champion. 

Earliest  corn  on  record.  Ears  10  lo  12  Inches 
long,  with  18  lo  20  rows  on  the  cob.  Good-sized 
grains.  Planted  Juoe  tenth,  cut,  and  in  .«hock 
by  Sept.  tenth.  From  one  gal.  planted,  we 
gathered  12  barjels  of  good  corn  on  ordinary 
highland.    Price.  $2.50  per  bus. 

Early  Yellow  Variety. 

Popularly  known  as  Huron  Dent,  the  most 
perfect^shaped  ear  and  most  reliable  •arly 
yellow  corn  ever  introduced.  Planted  May 
10th.  cut,  and  in  shock  by  the  latter  part  of 
August.    Price,  $100  per  bus. 


lUPnDI  PfllTC  ^I'B  handsome,  hardy  and 
ANbUnAbUAlO  profitable.  For  large  clr- 
onlar  address  E.  W.  COLE  &  CO..  Big  Clilly,  Ky. 


Virginia  Weather  Service,  Richmond,Va. ' 
Report  for  January,  1903. 

Wisconsin  Experiment  Station,  Madison,  j 
Wis.  Bulletin  97.  Licensed  Com- 
mercial Feeding  Stuffs. 

Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture  for 
the  West  Indies,  Barbados,  W.  I. 
Seedling  and  other  Canes  in  the  Lee- 
ward Islands. 
Do.  in  Barbados.  Hints  on  Onion  Cul- 
tivation. General  Treatment  of  Fun- 
goid Pests.  Plaintalk  to  Small  Own- 1 
ers.     West  Indian  Hams. 

HE  KEPT  HIS  VOW. 

From  an  anecdote  told  by  William  Ele- 
roy  Curtis  in  his  "  Yankees  of  the  East"  ' 
it  may  be  inferred  that  the  attitude  of 
the  small  boy  toward  a  fence  is  the  same 
in  .Japan  as  in  other  countries. 

Mr.  Gobel,  the  missionary,  built  him  j 
self  a  modern  house  on  what  is  known  as 
"  The  Bluff,"  south  of  Yokohama,  and  ! 
surrounded  his  grounds  with  the  first 
fence  that  was  ever  built  in  that  part  of 
the  world.  It  was  mad«  of  bimboo  pail- 
ings,  and  the  boys  of  the  neighborhood 
used  to  annoy  the  good  missionary  great- 
ly by  rattling  sticks  against  it  as  they  ran 
along  the  street. 

The  British  admiral  lived  just  above 
him,  and  had  a  very  natty  Tommy  At 
kins  for  an  orderly.  He  wore  a  little 
round  cap  on  the  northeast  corner  of  his 
head,  and  always  carried  a  little  cane  of 
rattan  in  his  hand.  One  morning,  having 
been  sent  with  a  message,  he  appeared 
before  the  admiral  with  his  face  bruised 
and  his  uniform  battered  and  torn  and 
covered  with  dust. 

"Mercy  on  us!"  exclaimed  the  admi- 
ral, in  astonishment  at  the  spectacle. 
"  What  has  happened  to  you  ?" 

"  Hi  beg  your  parding,  sir,"  replied 
Tommy,  "but  as  Hi  was  coming, along 
hup  the  'ill  a-rubbing  me  stick  against 
the  missionary's  fence,  sir,  'e  come  hout 
in  'is  pajamas  and  said  as  'ow  'e  'ad  vow- 
ed by  the  grace  of  God  to  lick  the  'ide  off 
the  next  man  who  did  that,  and  'e  done 
hit,  sir." — Youth's  Companion. 

THE  OLD  BOY. 

Mrs.  C.  was  horrified  to  discover  that 
her  little  seven-year-old  daughter  was 
rapidly  acquiring  the  habit  of  alluding 
very  freely  to  the  devil,  and  at  last  she 
told  her  determinedly  that  a  repetition 
of  the  obnoxious  word  would  bring  se- 
vere punishment. 

The  child  knew  that  her  mother  was 
in  earnest,  so  she  set  a  seal  on  her  lips. 
At  last  she  seemed  to  have  forgotten  it ; 
but  one  Sunday  Mrs.  C,  who  had  been 
too  ill  to  go  to  church,  asked  her  if  she 
could  tell  what  the  minister  had  preach- 
ed about  in  his  sermon. 

"Oh,  yes'm,"  she  answered;  "he  preach- 
ed about  Our  Lord  going  up  into  the 
mountain  and  being  tempted  by — by — 
by  the  gentleman  who  keeps  hell !" 

She  didn't  intend  to  run  any  risks  of 
being  punished. — Lippincolt's. 

"  Does  your  cook  ever  wear  your  wife's 
clothes?" 

"  I  guess  not.  Why,  my  wife  hasn't 
anything  the  cook  would  be  seen  wear- 
ing" 


POLAND-CHINAS 

P^r 'piSr*  l?,^'.?^  "^^^'^  '■'"•  biglily-bred 
P.  O.  Pigs,  8  to  12  weeks  old.  lor  May  and 
June  delivery.  Sired  by  Chief  Best  4S3SS 
and  voorish  Perfection  S  S4 177  "on  and 
grand-son  of  Chief  Tecumseh  2nd  2ssi  k 
and  Chief  Perfection  2nS^ "ss'S  .Ifpe'c^- 
tively,  and  ol  matured  sows  of  Perfection 
Tecumseh,  Free  Trade  and  Black  U  S.  Breed- 
ing. ALSO  a  youug  >-o\v  sired  ijy  Chief  Best 
and  bred  to  M.  Perfection  S  for  ^nd  litier 

a/d';)^rn^e™br?^^'}n^g,^S??o^r  ?.f,IS"d'^l?r 

THOS.  R.  SMITH,  Lincoln,  London  Co.,  Va. 

ALBEMARLE  PROLIFIC 

SEED  CORN 

For  4  years  past,  the  entire  crop  at  Arrow- 
head farm  ha-  been  sold  for  seed,  and  those 
who  put  off  ordering  until  the  last,  could  not 
be  supplied.  We  have  several  thousand 
bushels  for  sale.  Price,  817.5  in  small  lots- 
ba.lf  bus.,si.00;  peck,  65o.  No  smaUer  orders 
shipped.  If  the  land  is  good  and  properly  pre- 
pared before  planting,  and  properly  worked 
after  planting  over  100  bus.  per  acre  should 
be  the  yield  More  forage  will  be  grown  than 
from  any  other  variety. 

HRROWHEAD  STOCK  FARM,<=*'V,'°^'"'""« 

'         V'rgi  ma. 

5"ulL%".?sTF"oURPL0WS'S%"gE"o"- 

Wade  from  best  mate- 
rial. Best  workman- 
ship. Best  plows  on  the 
market.  Both  right  and 
left  hand.  Sod,  stubble 
'and  general-purpose 
^  ,  -  .  — .  -  mould  boards.  Kither 
steel  or  chilled.  Wood,  iron  and  steel  beams 
We  makeover  100  different  styles  and  klndTof 
plows,  including  the  celebrated  Buich  Full 
line  ot  other  agricultural  implements.  '  Write 
for  catalogue  and  prices.  "m.« 

THE  TOLEDO  PLOW  CO  .  Oivis.  S,  Toledo,  O. 


TURKEY 


EGGS 


From  heavy-weights  with  brilliant  plumao-e 
SaOOdoz.  B.  P.  Bock  and  Pekin  Duck  E"ks" 
81.00  per  15.  A  two-year-old  Scotch  Collie 
female;  bred  from  prize-winning  imported 
stock,  well  trained,  82.5.00,    Pups,  SIO  00 

C.  H.  BENNETT,    Goodman,  Va. 

WHISKEY 

4  full  quarts  Corn  Whiskey  10  years  old,  $3.60 

J    ..  "  '/.  ".         „"      •■        "      a.50 

OA  ,\,    ,  Private  Stock, 

20  years  old,  for  invalids  and  other 

.loved  ones qqq 

Plain  packages.  Express  paid.  Purest 
and  Best  Whiskey,  and  Oldest  House 
in  America.  Established  17H8— 135  years 
ago.  Justas  Corn-bread  is  more  whole, 
some  and  palatable  than  Rye  bread- 
So  with  the  Whiskey— so  say  all  Doctors 
-try  it  and  be  convinced.  Nothing  on 
earth  as  beneflcial  to  weak  lungs  as  this 
absolutely  pure  mountain  beverage. 
THE  OLD  NICK  WILLIAMS  CO., 
Lock  Box  No.  1 1.  Williams,  N.  C. 

RUPTURE  CURED  while  you  work 
(%  w  r  ■  w  n  K  You  pay  J4  when  cured. 
No  cure,  no  pay.  AJ.,EX.  SPEIKS.  Box  »M 
Weatbiook,  jfaine.  '  " 


204 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[March 


NELSON  AND  THE  COXSWAIN. 

Just  before  the  Battle  of  Trafalgar  a 
mail  was  sent  from  the  English  tleet  to 
England,  and  word  was  passed  that  it 
might  be  the  last  chance  to  write  before 
the  expected  engagement.  The  letters 
had  been  collected  from  the  ships,  the 
letter-bags  were  on  the  vessel  which  was 
to  take  them,  and  she  had  got  some  dis- 
tance on  her  way,  under  full  sail,  when 
Lord  Nelson  saw  a  midshipman  approach 
and  fpeak  to  Pasco,  the  signal  otlicer. 
Then  Nelson  bhowed  the  side  of  his  na- 
ture which  so  often  won  the  sailors' 
hearts. 

Pasco  nttered  an  exclamation  of  disgust 
and  stamped  his  foot  in  evident  vexation. 
The  admiral  called  him  and  asked  what 
was  the  matter. 

"  Nothing  which  need  trouble  your 
lordship,"  was  the  reply. 

"  You  are  not  the  man  to  lose  your 
temper  for  nothing,"  rejoined  Nelson. 
"What  was  it?" 

"  Well,  if  you  must  know,  my  lord,  1 
will  tell  you.  You  see  that  coxswain?" 
pointing  to  one  of  the  most  active  of  the 
petty  officers.  "  We  have  not  a  better 
man  on  the  Victory,  and  the  meseag^ 
which  put  me  out  was  this :  I  was  told 
that  he  was  bo  busy  receiving  and  g  'tting 
oflF  his  mail-bags  that  he  forget  to  put  his 
own  letter  to  his  wife  into  one  of  them  ; 
and  he  has  just  discovered  it  it  his  pock- 
et." 

"Hoist  a  signal  to  bring  her  back!" 
■was  Nelson's  instant  command.  "  Who 
knows  that  he  may  not  fall  in  action  to- 
morrow? His  letter  shall  go  with  the 
rest." 

The  despatch-vessel  was  brought  back 
for  that  alone.  Captain  Mahan  tells  this 
Btory  on  the  authority  of  the  son  of  Lieu- 
tenant Pasco,  who  used  to  say  that  the 
Bailors  idolized  Nelson.  Evidently  it  was 
with  reason. 

HE  GAVE  THE  REASON. 

Uncle  Silas,  an  inveterate  horse  dealer, 
was  one  day  called  upon  by  an  amateur 
in  search"  of  "something  fast." 

"There,"  said  Uncle  S.,  noir^ting  to  an 
animal  in  a  meadow  below  the  house, 
"there,  sir,  is  a  mare  yonder  who  would 
trot  her  mile  in  three  minutes  were  it 
not  for  one  thing." 

"Indeed  !'"  said  the  amateur. 

"Yes,"  continued  Uncle  8.;  "she  was 
four  years  old  last  spring,  is  in  good  con- 
dition, looks  well  and  is  a  first  rate  mare, 
and  fche  could  go  a  mile  in  three  minutes 
were  it  not  for  one  thing  I" 

"That  mare,"  resumed  Uncle  S.,  "is  in 
every  way  a  good  mare  ;  she  trots  square 
and  fair,  and  yet  there  is  one  thing  only 
why  she  can't  go  a  mile  in  three  min- 
utes." 

"What  in  the  name  of  thunder  is  it, 
then  7"  cried  the  amateur,  impatiently. 

"The  distance  is  too  great  for  the  time," 
was  the  old  man's  reply. 

"I  don't  care  for  looks  or  riches,"  she 
said.  "The  man  I  marry  must  be  a  hero." 

"You  are  right,"  my  child,  said  the 
father,  "he  must. 

A.  NEAT  BINDER  for  your  back 
numbers  can  be  bad  for  25  cents.  Ad- 
dress theBuainesB  Office. 


NON^  AHEAD 


npHETiK  \s  no  hluder  aliend  of  the  Oifiniplon  for  etreucrth  aud  durnbUity.  bpsideg  It  has  valuable 
*  hnprovciiKMiTs  which  greatly  lucrcase  Its  cnpaoify  for  handling  (llfticult  conditions  of  praln,  and 
are  useful  In  the  usual  anil  ordinary  c  ndltlons.  The  most  important  is  the  force  feed  elevator  which 
deliver?  the  grain  positively  but  gently  to  the  packincarms  where  It  Is  made  into  bundles,  and  choking 
In  tbeelevatnr  and  waste  of  grain  arc  prevented.  Next  l*)  the  eccentric  power-frivins:  irlieel  on 
the  blntling  attachment  which  plves  the  needle  an  Increase  in  po-'cr  of  16  S-*!  per  cent  over  the  commoQ 
wheel, and  permits  the  champion  to  bind  large  and  tight  bundles  in  the  heaviest  grain  without  jerk  or 
Btrain  on  the  machine  or  on  the  team.  Write  for  catalog  describing  these  and  other  practical  improve- 
ments* on  the  Cliam[»i<>u  binder,  also  on  the  Champion  niow^ers  and  Champion  hay  rakos. 
Handsome  c.lc.red  r:ilrnd:ir  sent  Ore  uImi  If  riM)ue>-ted. 
CHAMPION  DIVISION.  INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  COMPANY  OF  AMERICA,  CHICAGO. 


GLEN  ALLEN   HERD  OF 


..ABERDEEN-ANGUS  CATTLE.. 

Headed  by  ALLENHURST  KING  IV  47199, 

Assisted  by  VICTOR  G.,  No.  37693. 

I  am  now  oflfering  for  sale  a  few  choice  young  bulls  of  serviceable  age,  at  a 
bargain.  Any  one  wanting  bnlls  from  prize- winning  families  at  a  moderate 
price,  will  save  time  and  money  by  calling  on  or  addressing 

GLEN  ALLEN  STOCK  FARM,      W.  P.  ALLEN,  Prop.,  Walnut  Hill,  Va. 


SUNNY    HOME    HERD  OF 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS    CATTLE. 

BARON  ROSEBOV  (The  great  soa  of  the  world-famous 
QAV  BLACKBIRD)  in  service. 

Nearly  all  the  leading  families  of  the  breed  represented  by  females  sired  by  the 
most  famous  bulls  of  the  age.  Wechallenge  comparis  on  both  as  to  individual  excel- 
lence and  pedigree.  Another  car  of  grand  cows  just  arrived,  personally  selected 
from  one  of  the  best  herds  in  central  Illinois.  Ttie  tops  out  of  one  hundred  head. 
Six  animals  of  the  same  family  and  strain  ai  ROSEGAY  (for  two  years  the  champion 
of  America),  others  equally  good.  All  young  stuff  of  weaning  age  sold ;  am  buoking^ 
orders  for  future  delivery. 

Write  your  wants ;  we  are  bound  to  please  you. 

■ —     A.    L.    FRENCH.  PROPRIETOR.  Fitzgerald.  N.  0» 

Rockingham  Co.,  24  miles  south-west  of  Danville,  Ya.,  on  D.  k  W.  Ry. 


When  oorresponding  with  Advertisers,  always  say  that  you  saw  theiv 
advertisement  in  The  Southern  Planter. 


IMS.] 


THE  80TJTHEEN  PT.ANTWTt 


205 


The  Review  of  Reviews  for  March 
opens  with  an  editorial  tribute  to  the 
■late  Dr.  J.  L.  M.  Curry,  the  veteran  leader 
of  the  movement  for  poi^iular  education 
in  the  South.  In  the  same  magazine, 
Mr.  George  Perry  Morris  reviews  the  long 
public  career  of  the  late  ex-Senator  Henry 
L.  Dawes,  of  Massachusetts,  the  steadfast 
friend  of  the  American  Indian.  "  The 
Sultan  of  Morocco  and  his  Present  Trou- 
bles" ia  the  subject  of  an  article  by  Dr. 
Talcott  Williams  which  embodies  full 
and  accurate  information  regarding  po- 
litical and  social  conditions  in  Morooo ; 
Mr.  Walter  WiUman  describes  the  work- 
ings of  the  United  States  Steel  Corpora- 
tion's great  profit-sharing  and  stock-dis- 
tributing plans ;  there  is  a  character 
sketch  of  the  Hon.  George  B.  Cortelyou, 
th«  first  Secretary  of  the  Department  of 
■Commerce  and  Labor,  by  Mr.  H.  B.  F. 
Macfarland  ;  Dr.  J.  M.  Buckley  describes 
the  methods  by  which  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  has  raised  its  '■  Twenty- 
Milliou-Dollar  Fund,"  to  celebrate  the 
opening  of  the  twentieth  century  ;  Mr. 
Winthrop  L.  Marvin  sketches  the  recent 
remarkable  progress  of  Germany  as  a 
ehip-building;  nation  ;  "  The  Lumber  In- 
dustry of  the  Pacific  Coast"  is  described 
by  Alvin  Hovey-King ;  Mr.  Thomas  C. 
Martin  gives  the  latest  information  as  to 
"  Long  Distance  Power-Transmission  in 
Canadd"  ;  and  the  work  of  the  first  fed- 
-eral  Parliament  of  Australia  is  revieived 
by  the  Hon.  Hugh  H.  Luak.  Other  im- 
portant topics  of  the  day  are  editorially 
treated  in  "  The  Progress  of  the  World." 

The  Cosmopolitan  Magazine  for  March 
■contains  a  number  of  noteworty  articles. 
""  The  Police  System  of  Europe,"  by  Ave- 
ry D.  Andrews,  formerly  Police  Commis- 
sioner of  New  York,  embodies  many  of 
the  results  of  the  investigations  of  the 
author  on  his  recent  official  visit  to  Eu- 
rope, where  he  went  to  study  the  police 
systems  of  the  leading  countries.  It  is 
capitally  illustrated.  "The  Selection  of 
a  Home,"  by  Clarence  A.  Martin,  Profes- 
sor Architecture  at  Cornell  University,  ia 
the  first  of  twelve  articles  on  the  general 
subject  of  "  How  to  Administer  a  House- 
hold." Louise  Parks  Richards  contri- 
butes an  interesting  personal  sketch  of 
the  great  painter.  Von  Lenbach.  Two 
other  character  sketches  deal  with  James 
Brooks  Dill,  the  prominent  corporation 
lawyer,  and  Edward  Henry  Harriman, 
the  Western  Railroad  Czar.  Elbert  Hub 
bard,  in  article  on  "A  Gladiatorial  Re- 
naissance," makes  out  a  strong  case 
against  football  as  it  is  played  to  day, 
«nd  Tom  Masson  discusses  how  many 
men  a  girl  should  be  engaged  to  before 
she  marries.  -'The  Woman  of  Fifty," 
by  Mrs.  Wiison  Woodrow,  deals  with  the 
victory  of  modern  woman  over  her  he- 
reditary enemy.  Time.  Other  articles 
are :  "  The  Young  Napoleon,"  bv  Field- 
marshal  Viscount  Wolfeley.  K.  P.";  "  Man- 
kind in  the  Making,"  bv  H.  G.  Wells; 
■"Insurance  as  a  Profession,"  by  Charles 
F.  Thwing,  LL.  D.,  President  of  the  West- 
•ern  Reserve  Universitv ;  and  "  Beautv  in 
the  Modern  Chorus."'  The  March  Cos- 
mopolitan also  contains  four  complete 
«tories  in  addition  to  Henry  Seton  Merri- 
man's  new  novel,  "  Barlasch  of  the 
Guard." 


POPUIAE,  GOODS-POPULAR  PRICES. 

"£5fer  New  Universal 

HAND  SEEDERS  AND  CULTIVATORS. 

ff^^SmUblefor^every 


All  stj'les.   Only  combination  1  and  3  wheel  culti' 

drill  made.  Everyway  adjustable.  All  our  tools  h: 
toug-h  oak  bent  handles  and  are  made  of  best  matei 
throughout.  Send  fnr  catalog-,  describin^complete  Ir  — 
labor  saving  specialties.  Free.  " 


'^""*"'"'^  Planter  and  Fertilizer 


BILLINGS 


For  CORN, 

BEANS,  PEAS 

and 

BEET  SEED. 

If  you  want  them,  we  fur- 
nish Marker  and  Trip  At- 
tachraeut  for  rowing  both 


New  Universal] 
Wheel  Plows. 

THREE   STYLES. 

The  best  made.      Light  and  strong. 
AMES  PLOW  CO.,     56  MARKET  ST.,  BOSTOW.  MASS. 


For  Sale  by  GRIFFITH  &  TURNER  CO.,  Baltimore,  Md. 


JERSEY  CATTLE^^ 

Bred  from  high-testing  St.  Lambert  Cows. 

LARGE  YORKSHIRE  HOGS. 

The  BACON  BREED  now  leading  all  other  breeds  for  making 
high-priced  bacon. 

IUVDIAKT  GAMES— The  king  of  table  fowls. 

WHITE  WYAWDOTTES— The  beet  general-purpose  fowl. 
WHITE  liEGHORNS— All  sold  out. 
Address 


SIR  JOHN  BULL  and  UNCLE  SAM 

Have  become  so  famous  that  I  found  a  multiplication  of  their  progeny 
necessary  to  the  filling  of  orders ;  hence  I  have  added  a  large 

number  of  purest-bred  Imported  and 
American  Sows,  no  akin  to  my  old  herd, 
and  most  of  them  now  in  farrow  to  Im- 
ported Berkshire  Boars  of  a  new  strain. 

HUNTINQ  DOQS  and  PUPS  FOR  SALE. 

A   DURHAH  BULL  CALF,  a  picture, 
cheap.     Write  for  particulars. 

THOS.  S.  WHITE,  Fasslfern  Stock  Farm,  Liexington,  Va. 


When  corresponding  vritli  advertisers,   always  mention 
The  Sonthem  Planter. 


2«6 


THE  80UTKBRS  PLAUTEB. 


March 


BOOKS. 
Home  Floriccltcre.  A  Practical  Guide 
to  the  Treatment  of  Flowering  and  Or- 
namental Plants  in  the  Houeeand  Gar- 
den. By  Eben  E.  Rexford.  Illustra- 
ted, 5x7  inches,  300  pages,  cloth.  Or- 
ange JuJd  Company,  New  York.  Price 
postpaid,  $1. 

This  fascinating  book  is  written  by  one 
of  the  most  experienced  amateur  flori- 
cnlturists  and  most  pleasing  writers  in 
this  country.  His  intimate  knowledge 
of  the  wants  of  the  people  has  cmvinced 
him  what  is  wanted  in  this  direction  is 
not  scientific  text  books,  but  plain,  prac- 
tical, eapily  understood  information, 
which  will  enable  those  who  love  flowers 
to  grow  them  successfully.  It  has  been 
written  from  the  author's  life  long  per- 
sonal experience  among  flowers,  and  not 
from  theory.  Every  detail  in  the  princi- 
ples and  practice  of  plant  growth  and 
management  is  concisely,  clearlv  and  mi- 
nutely explained,  and  yet  there'  is  not  an 
unnecessary  line  in  the  book. 

It  treats  on  the  soil  for  plants  in  pots, 
potting,  watering  plants,  insects  and  how 
to  fight  them,  care  of  house  plants  dur- 
ing summer,  fertilizers,  diseases  of  plants, 
winter  precautions,  dormant  plauts,  ap- 
pliances for  the  amateur's  use,  small 
greenhouses.  Very  complete  lists  and 
descriptions  of  plants  be:t  adapted  to 
window  culture  are  given,  also  of  the 
best  outdoor  annuals,  hardy  perennials, 
shrubs,  and  plants  for  various  purposes. 
The  closing  chapter,  entitled  ".\fter 
Thoughts,"  forms  a  unique  and  pleasing 
combination  of  floricultural  odds  and 
ends,  without  which  the  book  would 
have  been  deprived  of  one  of  its  most 
instructive  and  attractive  features.  Over 
70  excellent  illustrations  add  considera- 
bly to  the  artistic  appearance  of  the 
book. 

We  can  supply  the  book  st  the  pub 
lished  price. 

PAMPHLETS,  &c. 
The  Menace  of  Arid  Lands.  An  Ad- 
dress delivered  at  the  Farmers'  National 
Congress  at  Macon,  Ga.,  by  Gilbert  M. 
Tucker  Editor  of  the  Country  Gentleman. 
Mr.  Tucker  takes  up  strong  ground  in  op- 
position to  the  irrigation  work  which  it  is 
hoped  to  put  upon  the  back  of  •'  Uncle 
Sam."  He  thinks  it  would  be  woll  to  let 
this  alone  until  the  farmers  of  the  Ea.st 
have  had  a  period  of  prosperitv  long 
enough  to  enable  them  to  show  what  j 
Eastern  lands  can  be  made  to  produce. 
No  objection  whatever  to  the  owners  of 
arid  lands  doing  all  they  can  to  make 
their  lands  productive  at  their  own  ex- 
pense. This  is  what  the  Eastern  farmer 
has  to  do. 

Report  of  the  A.  0.  U.  Committee  on 
the  Protection  of  North  American  Birds, 
and  of  the  National  Committee  of  Audu- 
bon Societies.  The  good  wo.  k  done  bv 
these  ."Societies  deserve"  every  support 
from  farmers.  The  birds  are'  his  true 
friends  and  ought  to  be  protected  by  him 
in  every  way  possi tie. 

We  tender  thanks  to  Senator  Martin 
for  copy  of  the  Congressional  Directory, 
2nd  session  57th  Congress. 


machine:  manufacture 


IS  THE 


McCORMICK 
BINDER  .  .  . 


During  1902  more  McCormick  machines  were  sold  than  In 
any  previous  year,  a  fact  which  attests  the  wide-spread 
popularity  of  the  world-renowned  machine.  The  seventy- 
two  years  success  of  the  McCormick  has  made  this  name  a 
household  word  throughout  the  world. 

The  McCormick  is  the  machine  to  buy  for  1903. 

Write  for  beautiful  McCormick  calendar  and  copy  of  1903  book  entitled  "A  MODEL 

MACHINE." 

W.  K.  BACHE,  Gen.  Agt.  for  McCormick  Machine, 


RICH7UVOND. 


VIRGINIA. 


Reg.  HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN 

CATTLE  of  the  Netherland,  De  Kol,  Clothilde,  Pietertje  and 

Artis  families.     Heavy  milkers  and  rich  in  butter  fat. 

Stock  of  all  ages  for  sale. 

Reg.  5ERKSHiRES  From  noted  strains,  Imported  Headlight,  Lord 
Highclere  and  Sunrise. 

<^:a^DORSE"T  SHEER. ^^^£:> 

B.  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  CHICKENS^  Fifteen  Cockerels  for  sale. 
N.  and  w.  and  Southern  R.  R.  T.  O.  SANDY,  Burkeville,  Va. 

^SHORTHORNS'^. 

2  Reg.  Bull  Calves;  2  Reg.  Cows;  1  three-year-old  Reg.  Bull  (immune)  raised  sontb. 
of  Petersburg.  Va.     All  right  in  every  particular. 


^B.  B.  BUCHAXAX,  Bedford  City,  Va. 


1903.  J 


THE  80UTHBEN  PLAJNTBB. 


207 


BILTMORE  FARMS.  -   Biltmore,  N.  G. 

Headcjuarters  for  GOUDEN  LAD  JERSEYS. 

Also  get  of  TREVARTH  and  GEN.  MARIGOLD,    >    j«    > 

GOLDEN  LAD'S  SUCCESSOR,  First  and  aweepatakes  over  all  at  the  Pan-American  Exposition  the 
champion  JERSE?  BULL  OF  AMERICA,  and  out  of  Golden  Ora,  our  great  pnze-winnmg  cow,  both 
born  and  developed  on  these  Farms,  is  among  our  service  bulls. 

Biltmore  Jerseys  are  a  combination  of  large  and  persistent  milking  qualities  with  an  individuality 
that  wins  in  the  show  ring. 

SPECIALTY.  Write  for  descriptive  circular  of  the  best  lot  of  young  bull  calves  ever  oflFered,  both  for  breed- 
ing and  individuality.  They  are  by  noted  sires  and  out  of  large  and  tested  selected  dams.  Many  of  these 
calves  are  fit  to  show  and  win  in  any  company. 


Ji    ^ 


BILTMORE  POULTRY  YARDS. 


j»  j« 


SPECIALTY.  Write  for  descriptive  circular  of  eggs  from  our  prize- winning  pens.  Over  50  yards  to  select 
from,  made  up  of  the  winners  at  the  leading  shows  for  the  last  two  seasons.  If  you  want  winners  yon 
must  breed  from  winnera 

HeadQuarters  for  the  best  IMPORTED  ENGLISH  BERKSHIRES. 

APPLY  TO  BILTMORE  FARMS,  biltmore.  N.  C 


The  most  popular  Machine  in  use  for  Peanut  Picking  and  Grain  Threshing  are  the 

HEEBNER'S, 
LITTLE  Gil  ANT  ^^^ 
PENNSYLVANIA 

Machines,  and  they  have  splendid  improvements  for  1903. 

They  are  built  in  first- class  manner,  and  are  strong  and  dur- 
\  I  '\.  able.    The  price  is  within  the  reach  of  all.    We  guarantee 

B.5a-*«^  them  to  do  the  work  satisfactorily.  We  will  mail  catalogue 
^^^^  ""l^'i?^  and  testimonials,  and  quote  prices  on  application. 

-  ^-:  RUBBER,  LEATHER 

■J  and 

G&NDY  BELTING. 

PRICK'S  "ECLIPSE" 
ENGINES  and  BOILERS. 


ERIE  ENGINES  and  BOILERS. 

THE  CELEBRATED 

"CHASE"  SAW  MILLS 


This  cut  shows  our  5  and  7  h.p,  "Llttls 
Samsom  "  Vertical    Automatic  Engine,  for 
nning  threshers,   peanut  pickers,  cutting 


"DE  LOACH"  MfiCHINERY.feeCsaW.^fvte  ,^ 

Larger  sizes  also  furnished 


STRATTON  &  BRAGG  CO.,  20-22  N.  Sycamore  St.,  Petersburg, Va. 


208 


TAB  80UTHEBN  PLAinBa. 


[Maich 


PRICES  FOR  CANNING  CROPS. 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Farmers' 
Produce  Associati  jn  of  Centra)  New  York 
at  Oneida,  the  followinR  bc  ^edule  of 
prices  for  products  grown  for  canning  fac- 
tories was  adopted : 

Evergreen  sweet  corn,  65c.  per  100  lbs.; 
Country  Gentleman  and  Crosby  corn,  80c.; 
tomatoes,  $10  per  ton ;  beets,  115  and  |18;  [ 
peas,  $2.25  per  100  lbs.;  cucumbers,  $12  j 
per  ton.  It  was  algo  agreed  that  in  cases 
wlere  members  of  the  Association  de- I 
liver  peas  at  the  factory,  and  do  not  take 
away  the  vines,  the  operators  of  the  fac- 
tory shall  pay  the  farmer  for  the  vines  at 
the  rate  of  $S  for  each  acre  the  farmer 
has  devoted  to  the  culture  of  peas.  This 
schedule,  in  the  form  of  an  agreement,  is 
to  be  circulated  among  the  farmers  of  the 
adjoining  towns  for  their  signatures. 

Canners  are  now  making  contracts  with  | 
the  farmers  in  our  county  for  growing 
peas.  The  seed  supply  is  short,  and  the 
growers  must  pay  $4  per  bushel  for  the 
seed.  The  price  to  be  paid  for  picked  I 
peas  is  70  cents  per  bushel  for  "viner" 
peas,  2}  cents  per  pound  shelled  peas, 
weighed  as  they  come  from  the  vines  It ; 
is  not  quite  time  for  making  contracts  for  | 
tomato-growing.  The  canners  claim  that 
$8  per  ton  will  be  their  limit,  but  it  will 
not  be  surprising  if  the  price  will  be  19 
pertonaround  this  place,  .^t  thisaraount 
per  ton,  another  year  of  good  yields  will ' 
leave  the  farmers  in  fine  financial  condi  i 
tion. — W.  G.  D.\wsoN,  Dorchester  county  ' 
Md.,  President  Peninsula  Horticultural  ' 
Society. 

HYMNS  UP  TO  DATE. 

An  old  gentleman  of  eighty-two,  whose 
occasionally  cynical  speeches  are  always 
tinged  with  good  humor,  was  asked  hi" 
opinion  of  modern  church  music. 

"  It's  all  very  fine,"  he  said  dry'y, 
"  and  I  like  to  hear  it ;  but  there's  one 
thing  I've  noticed.  It  may  be  just  I 
chance,  but  I've  noticed  it  a  good  many  ! 
times.  I 

"  When  I  was  a  boy,  the  people  went  ■ 
to  two  services  a  day,  and  sometimes 
three,  and  they  sat  on  hard  seats  with  i 
straight  backs,  and  sang  with  all  their 
hearts — 

"  My  God,  the  spring  of  all  my  joys."    , 

"  Now  the  congregation  lean  comforia 
bly  back  in  softly  cushioned  pews  and 
listen  to  the  choir  singing — 

"Alt  thou  weary,  art  thou  languid." 

I  may  be  mistaken,  but  it  comes  home 
to  me,  every  now  and  then,  that  hym- 
nology  is  changing  to  suit  the  times. 

""  She  used  to  say  she'd  never  marry  a 
man  who  wasn't  as  beautiful  as  a  Greek 
god.     What  is  her  husband  like?" 

"Well,  he'a  left-haiuleil,  cross-eyed, 
stammers,  and  has  a  'game'  leg.  He  may 
beaGreekgod  turned  inside  out,  though."  , ___^__ 

Stranger  (meetine  old  friend  in  New    J»  IHCUBAT0R5  ON  30  DAYS'  TRIAL. 
York). —  How  de  do?    Still  living  in  New 
York,  eh? 

.'  Gothamite  (who  has  just  had  half  a 
dozen  narrow  escapes  from  vehicles,  sib 


takedlmy 
in  me 
old  fashioned 
way. 


IDEAL 
RAKEStMOWERS 

ayf  used  nowadays 
Ijy  uplo  date  fai'mei's. 


DEtRING  DIVISION 
INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  CO. 

OF  AMERICA 

CHICAGO.  U.S.A. 


CISMONT  DORSETS.. 


CISMONT  STOCK  FARM  oflfers  well  developed  young 
Dorsets  of  the  best  blood  of  England  and  America. 


Prir«!)  reasonable. 


G.  S.  LINDENKOHL,  Keswick,  Albemarle  Go.,  Va. 


THE  WORLD'S  BEST  STANDARD  HATCHER.^ 


ThmisaiifiB  of  the.se  IncubalDrs  are  In  .suciessful 
operHtlou  111  the  United  Hliiles,  Canada,  wouth 
Africa,  NewZeiilaad,.Sw(;tflpn,  England,  HoIIhi  d, 
and  Germany.  TheRe  niachliips  operate  to  peifec- 
tton  and  always  hrlni^  ofTn  larse  brood  of  strong, 
■      "'        '  '  '         C'atMlogae  with  full  particulars 


^'i  inlv^ng""'  ^°''   ''*'"^  «-i^e«)- Y-e-8  I  ^  ,„,  j^,  „^,„g_    .THE  IxANniRDK  C.  INCUBATOR  CO.,  Z,epf.-5,  Rochester.  N.  Y.,  U.  8.  A. 


1»03.] 


THB  SOUTHERN  PLAJTrEB. 


209 


$18.50 


The  Most  Perfect  Made. 

We  have  other  alvle  diavs 
for  tlS.ao.  We  ssve  you 
aboat  1-Z  in  price. 


Send  for  Our  Catalogue  " 


Steel  Ream  CalUrator, 

plain,  with  5  ehOTela, 

i32  pajres.  Ei7( 


!«  Mathews  New 
MMel  garden 
drill,  larpa  sizi?  with  11  tool*. 

M./ 3  only,  .ame   prmci- 


$15.95L' 


blnatiODfl. 
Most  Wonderful  Cul- 
tivator Bargains  evei 
offered.    Also  Plows, 


MARVIN  SMITH  CO., 


66.&7-59  N.  Jefreraon  Sb, 
CUICAfiO,  ILL. 


A  distinguished  law5'er  and  politician 
was  travelling  on  a  train  wh^n  an  Irish 
woman  came  into  the  car  with  a  basket, 
bundle,  etc.  She  paid  her  fa.e,  but  tlie 
conductor  passfd  b^'  the  lawyer  without 
<x)llecting  anything.  The  good  woman 
thereupon  said  to  the  lawyer,  "An' faith 
an'  why  is  it  that  the  co.iductor  takes  the 
money  of  a  poor  woman  an'  don't  ask  ye, 
who  seem  to  be  a  rich  man,  for  any- 
thing?" The  lawyer,  who  had  a  pass, 
replied.  "My dear  madam,  I'm  travelling 
on  my  beauty."  The  woman  looked  at 
him  for  a  moment,  and  then  quickly  an 
Bwered,  "An' is  that  so?  Then  ye  must 
be  very  near  yer  journey's  end" 

A  Scotchman  in  London  noticed  a 
bald-headed  druggist  standing  at  his 
shop  door,  and  inquired  if  he  had  any 
hair  restorer. 

"Yes,  sir,"  said  the  druggist;  "step  in 
side,  please.  There's  an  artitcle  I  can 
recommend.  Testimonials  from  great 
men  who  have  used  it.  It  makes  the 
hair  grow  in  twenty-four  hours." 

"Aweel,"  said  the  Scot,  "ye  can  gie  the 
top  o'  yer  head  a  bit  rub  wi'  it;  and  111 
look  back  the  morn,  and  see  if  ye're  tell- 
ing the  truth." 

The  druggist  returned  the  bottle  to  the 
shelf,  and  kicked  the  errand  boy  for 
laughing. 

In  au  Iowa  court,  recently,  a  lawyer 
arguing  his  case  became  very  earnest. 
Then  he  paused  a  moment  and  said :  "  I 
see  Your  Honor  shakes  your  head  as  to 
that  statement,  but  I  desire  to  re  affirm 
what  I  have  remarked."  The  court  re- 
torted :  '■  I  have  not  intimated  how  I 
shall  construe  your  evidence  or  what  my 
decision  shall  be.  Your  remarks  are  un- 
called for."  "  You  shook  vour  head," 
was  the  reply."  "That  may  be  true," 
retorted  the  court.  "  There  was  a  fly  on 
my  ear,  and  I  reserve  the  right  to  remove 
it  any  manner  I  see  fit.  Proceed  with 
your  argument." 

"  Excuse  me,  but  I  am  in  a  hurry. 
"What  do  you  want?"  tie  was  asked. 
"A job."  "Do you?  Well,"  suorted  the 
man  of  business,  "  why  are  you  in  such 
a  hurry?"  "Got  to  hurry,"  replied  the 
boy.  "  Left  school  yesterday  to  go  to 
work,  and  haven't  struck  anything  yet. 
I  can't  waste  time.  If  you've  got  nothing 
for  me  to  do,  say  so,  and  I'll  look  else- 
where. The  only  place  I  can  stop  long 
is  where  they  pay  me  for  it."  "  When 
can  you  come?"  asked  the  surprised  mer- 
chant. "  Don't  have  to  come,"  he  was 
told.  "  I'm  here  now,  and  would  have 
been  to  work  before  this  if  you  had  said 
90."  I 


ANNEFIELD  HEREFORDS, 

"  PRINCE  RUPERT,"  No.  79539. 

Winner  Sweepstakes  at  Kansas  City,  19C1.    Herd  rich  in  "  Anxiety  "  blood. 

BERKSHIRE  HOGS_^^ 

FINEST  STRAINS  OF  BLOOD. 
INSPECTION  INVITED  CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED. 

EDWARD  G.  BUTLER,     -     "  Annefield  Farms,"  Briggs,  Clarke  Co.,  Va. 


BACON  HALL  FARM. 

PESEFOeDBiSTEBEDGflTTLE 

"TOP"  BREEDING,  CALVES  NOT  AKIN. 
MOTTO— Satisfaction  or  no  Sale. 


E,  M.  QILLET  &  SON, 


Qlencoe,  Maryland. 


iCEREFORU  CATTUB.— Calves,  entitled  to  registration,  »75  to  JIOO.    Grade  Calves  by  "BIT 

Bdward '   Cio  to  (40. 
SBROPMHIBE  NHEKP — Bucks,  one  year  old  and  over,  115  to  m.     Back  Lambs,  July  €»• 

Uvery,  $10.  and  $12.    Ewe  Lambs,  jHly  delivery,  J8.  and  $10. 
POI.A<«»-ClIIIIA   WOfin — Pigs,  six  weeks  old,  »5.      Pie;  two  or  three  months  old,  C7JB. 

F^gs,  At*  months  and  over,  115  to  $20. 

M.  BKOXZCTrRKKTS Toms,  W.    Hens,  S3.    Eggs,  per  sitting  of  12,  when  In  season,  $4. 

If  mrOTT  DVCKN Pure  White  Drakes,  11.25.  Pure  White  Ducks,  11.   Pairs,  $2.25 ;  trloa,  • 

BARRED   PLTHOUTH    ROfHS. 

RurEH  CIKEHE — Qanders,  $2.60.    Oeese,  $e.aa.    Egct,  per  slttins,  $3.00 

WILLIA_M  L,  Jr.,  No.  21058,  half  brother  of  Aitell,  wlU  s«rv«  a  limited  number  of  mares  Mr 
t2S  the  seaxon.    Mareg  boarded  at  lowest  Ogore*  per  montli. 


210 


THE  80UTHBBU   PLANTEB. 


[March 


WHOLESALE  PRICE  ON  AGRICUL- 
TURAL CHEMICALS  AND  FERTI- 
LIZERS. 

The  demand  continues  strong  for  the 
leading  ammoniates,  withcut,  however, 
any  special  feature.  Nitrates  are  firm 
and  business  is  of  moderate  proportions, 
while  inquiry  from  the  Western  farmers 
is  expected  to  develop  before  long. 
Prices  for  potash  salts  have  been  fixed 
for  the  year,  and  will  remain  unchanged 
until  the  tirst  of  March  next,  when  the 
castomary  enhancements  take  place. 

AMMONIATES. 

Nitrate  of  soda,  spot,  per  100  lb8..$  2  05 
Cotton-seed  meal,  per  ton,  c.  i.  f. 

N.Y 28  00 

Sulph.  ammonia,  spot 3  15 

Dried  blood.  New  York,  low  grade.  2  65 
Dried  blood.  Western,  high  grade, 

tine  ground 2  75 

Fish  scrap,  at  New  York 10 

Tankage,  per  unit 10 

PHOSPHATES. 

Acid  phosphate,  per  unit 60 

Bone  black,  spot,  per  ton 17  00 

Ground  bone,  per  ton 23  50 

8.  C.  phosphate  rock,  ground,  per 
2,000  lbs 5  50 

8.  C.  phosphate  rock,  f.  o.  b.  Ash 
ley  River,  2,400  lbs  ,  dried 3  50 

Florida  high  grade  phos.  rock,  f. 
o.  b.  Fernandina,  per  ton 7  00 

Tennessee  phosphate,  f.  o.  b.  Mt. 
Pleasant,  domestic 3  60 

Double  manure  salt  (48  a  49  per 
cent,  less  than  2J  per  cent,  chlo- 
rine), per  lb.,  shipment 1  09 

Basis  48  per  cent. 

High  grade  manure  salt  (90  a  93 
per  cent,  sulphate  potash),  ship- 
ment      2  OS 

Basis  90  per  cent. 

Manure  salt,  in  bulk,  20  per  cent. 

pfr  unit,  O.  P 64 

POTASH. 

Kainit,  future  shipment,  per  ton...  9  05 
Keiseret,  future  shipment,  per  ton  7  35 
Mur.  potash,  80  p.  c,  future  ship- 

ment 1  80 

—A'.  }'.  Jour,  of  Commerce,  Feb.  17,  1903. 

[Only  highest  prices  quoted. — S.  P.] 

SUREHOLD  TRDS-^ES 
Mr.  Alex.  Speirs,  Westbrook,  Maine, 
has  testimonials  from  cured  patients  in 
every  State  in  the  Union  and  in  Canada 
who  have  used  his  Surehold  Trusses  and 
the  medicine  he  recommends  with  per- 
manent beneficial  results.  He  a.sks  an 
opportunity  of  sending  to  every  sufJerer 
from  hernia  and  kindred  ills  his  free  in- 
formation for  their  benedt. 

There  is  some  pleasure  in  coming  upon 
an  anecdote  in  which  the  barber  does  not 
have  the  last  word.  .Judne  relates  this 
dialogue:  "Hair's  very  thin,  sir."  "It 
was  thinner  than  that  thirty  years  ago." 
"Indeed,  sir!  You  surprise  me.  Why, 
you  don't  lo:ik  more  than  thirty  now, 
sir!"    "Thirty  yesterday !" 

"  Whv  do  you  insist  upon  my  pet  bull- 
dog riding  in  the  baggage  car?  '  asked  the 
indignant  matron. 

"  Because  he  has  a  grip,  ma'am,"  chuck- 
ed the  porter." 


POLAND  CHINA  BOARS 

THE  KIND  THAT  GETS  BIG. 

Send  your  check  and  we  will  tend  you  as  good  a  pig  as  money  will  buy 
anywhere,  »lred  by  a  son  of  "  Proud  Perfection."  We  pay  the  e.-ipressage. 
No  guesswork  what  the  cost  will  be.  If  you  don't  like  the  pig  give  it  a  good 
feed,  send  U  Back,  exprrssage  prepaid,  and  we  will  return  your  check. 

We  are  careful  In  eelectinc  animals  and  would  not  sell  a  poor  one  at  ANY 
PRICE,  for  it  would  spoil  ourtrade.  PRICKS:— 2  months  old,  $10;  3  months 
old,  $11 ;  4  months  old,  $r2     No  more  sows  or  sow  pigs  for  sale. 


^  BULLFIELD 


FARMS,     -     Doswell,  Virginia.  ^ 


LARGE  ENGLISH  BERKSHIRES 


IMPORTED  IN   1902. 


OUR  HERD  IS  CHOICE,  BUT  NOT  LARGE. 

Would  you  like  your  boy  to  get  interested  in  Stock-raising  and 
I  Farming.'     Then  whiy  not  buy  a  pair  of  CHOICE  BERK- 

J  SHIRE  Pigs  and  give  him  a  start.      WRITE 

1  rOREST  HOME  EARM^     -     Purcellville,  Vo 

hiz][lrg][5TfH][5Ti^[5ifa[5iia[5na][sPi[5ira[5^^ 


ECCS  for  HATCHING 

y  From  Fowls  of  High  Merit,  Fresh,  and  a  Good  Hatch 

itiuaranteeil  of  the  following  varieties:— 
PLYMOUTH  ROCKS,  BROWN  LEGHORNS,  WHITE  LEGHORNS 
and  PEKIN   DUCKS  at  $i.oo  per  sitting  of  15. 
>  BRONZE  TURKEY  Eggs,  $3  per  doz. 

i  Jersey  and  Gu^rnsHy  Cattle  and  Berkshire  Pigs.     Four  handsome 

>  .    Oireat  Danes  and  three  Fox  Terrier  Puppies. 

\  M.  B.  ROWE  <&  CO.,      Fredericksburg,  Va 

VS  <SAA^SA^«MV^A^^^A^^^^  A  ««^^AAAA^AAAAA^AA^^A^^^^^^^^^^ 


EASTERN  SHORE  POULTRY  FARM. 

S.  C.  WHITE,  BROWN  and  BUEE  LEGHORNS. 

THE   EGG  MACHINES  OF  POU  LTRYDOM. 

The  reoord  at  fuch  shows  aa  Washington,  D.  C  ,  Philadelphia  and  Ne-^  York  proves 

the  quality  of  my  stock  is  8e(M)nd  to  none.     I  always  breed  my  winners. 

Correspondece  cheerfully  answered. 

A.    C.    VAN   DEMAN.  leghorn  specialist,  Parksley.  Va. 


OLIVE'S  PRIDE. 


The  GRFATESTOF  ALL  NEW  STRAWBERRIES 
It  contaius  more  Doints  of  excellenc 
tliiin  any  other  variety  Introduced  In 
recent  years.  WRITK  Kull  KRKK  C.VTALOGUE;  it  tells  you  all  about  this 
Brand  vark-ly  and  forty  otiier  varieties  of  choice  stock  free  from  all  diseases, 
second  crop  seed  Potatoes,  eic.      j    y,,    ^^lL,  Marion  Station,  Md. 


I  nnn  nnn  strawberry  plants 

l.llllll.  UIJU     ■>>:•<. I  IlK'in.  Thompson's  PBrliest,  Mar 

■7"'""  ^m^^     ;,„,,  Annua  will  priilnii^'l  lie  season  fro 


100  Varieties.  If  you  wish  the 
best  and  earlles't.  von  must 
.Mrs.  Mark  Hanna  Howell 
.5  to  6  weeks.  200.000  Early 
eisey,  Wakefield  Cahliace  ami  Leilnce  I'lant-f  r.ady  to  plant  any  time.    Hardy  Chrysanthe- 
iiums,  Dahlias,  Tobacco  Dust,  ate.    Address  Originator,  MARK  T.  THOMPSON,  Rio  Vista,  Va. 


1903.  J 


THE  80UTHEEN  PLA_NTEB. 


211 


'But;  a  PLANO  and  get 
LASTING  SATISFACTION 

For  five  years  past  you  have  not  seen  our  advertisement  in  this 
paper— we'\  e  been"cram  full"of  business;  had  no  need  for  more    Our 
lactones  have  been  growing,  but  the  satisfviug  quality  ol  our  machines 
the  same— a  quality  that's  hard  to  rn-jt  h  at  any  price. 

The  Piano  Binder  holds  the  world's  record  for  accurate  tying;  is  the  only 
harvester  with  a  Fly  Wheel,  l,ever  Driven  Binder,  Friction  Clutch  Reel  etc 

The  Jones  Vertical  Mower,  though  one  of  the  simplest  mowers  made,' shows 
many  valuable   features  found  in  no  other.    Its  Lifting  I.ever  brings  the  bar 
light  up  to  pass  a  tree  or  stump. 

The  Piano  Husker  and  Shredder  and  Corn  Binder  are  among  the  latest  tri- 

phs  of  farm  implement  construction;  get  doublf  prufit  from  the  corn  crop 


The  Piano  cataloeue  t-'lls  more  aboiit' thi 

PLANO  DIVISION 


International  Harvester  Co.  of  America, Chicago,  Ills 


CATALOGUES. 
How  to  Make  Money  with  Poultry  and 
Incubators,  Complete  Catalogue  Cyphers 
Incubator  Company,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  This 
iB  one  of  the  finest  catalogues  we  have 
ever  seen  gotten  out  by  any  Incubator 
Co.  It  reflects  the  highest  credit  on  the 
Co. 

Peter  Henderson  &  Co.,  Courtland  St., 
N.  Y.  Everything  for  Garden.  Price 
20  cents.  Like  everything  else  gotten 
out  by  this  Co.,  this  catalogue  ia  a  credit 
to  the  firm.  Their  old  standing  has  given 
them  a  reputation  of  which  they  are 
jealous. 

Weber  Gasoline  Engines  and  Hoists, 
Kansas  City,  Mo.  This  firm  has  adapted 
the  gasoline  engine  to  all  kinds  of  work, 
and  makes  it  a  success. 

W.  F.  Allen,  Salisbury,  Md.  Strawber- 
ry Catalogue.  Mr.  Allen  is  an  old  grower 
with  an  established  reputation. 

Jno.  W.  Hall,  Marion  Station,  Md.  Mr. 
Hall  makes  a  specialty  of  strawherriep 
»nd  second-crop  potatoes  for  seed.  He 
has  built  up  a  trade  in  these  and  means 
to  keepit  if  quality  and  price  are  counted. 

Morrell  &  Morley,  Benton  Harbor. 
Mich.  Eclipse  Spray  Pumps  and  Spray- 
ing Apparatus.  Makers  of  some  of  the 
best  pumps  and  sprayers  in  use. 

Field  Force  Pump  Co.,  Elmira,  N.  Y. 
Spraying  Puoips,  Well  Pumps.  Force 
Pumps,  Nozzles,  etc.     A  reliable  house. 

Wm.  Cooper  &  Nephew,  Illinois  St., 
Chicago.  Makers  of  Cooper's  world- 
known  Sheep  Dip. 

Hammond's  Slug  Sho'.  Benj.  Ham- 
mond, Fishkill  on  Hudson,  N.  Y.  In- 
secticides and  Fungicides. 

Diggs  t^  Beadles  Inc.,  1711  Franklin  St , 
Richmond.  Seedsmen.  A  very  neatly 
gottenup  catalogue. 

Mention  the  So'itkern  Plantervihea  cor- 
eepoDding  with  advertisers. 


TWO  CROP  ESSENTIALS 

are  cultivation  and  keeping  down  weeds. 
More  important  than  deep  cultivation  is 
keeping  the  surface  stirred,  breaking  the 
crust  due  to  rains,  and  allowing  the  light, 
air,  moisture  and  warmth  to  penetrate 
quickly  to  the  roots  of  the  growing  plant. 
For  doing  just  these  things  the  ideal  imple- 
ment is  the 

Adjustable  Weeder 
and  Shallow  Cultivator. 

It  kills  the  weeds  at  first  showing,  the  top  soil  is  pulverized  and  kept  mellow,  the  plant 
roots  are  not  disturbed  and  the  moist  suii  is  not  brought  up  to  dry  in  the  sun.  Ad.iustable 
in  width.  Narrows  to  30  inches,  widens  to  7'/^  feet.  Strong,  runs  steady,  no  cumbersome 
shafts.  Furnished  either  with  roimd  teeth  or  with  flat  to  suit  different  soils,  as  we  are 
licensed  by  the  Hallock  Weeder  Conipanv  to  use  their  famous  flat  teeth.  Weeder  booklet 
mailed  free.  We  also  make  10  styles  Corn  Planters,  12  styles  Cultivators. 20  styles  Corn  Shel- 
lers,  hand  and  power.  Harrows,  Field  Rollers,  Feed  Cutters,  etc.    Write  for  catalogue  C. 

KEYSTONE  FARM  MACHINE  CO.,"  1554  N.  Beaver  St.,  York,  Pa. 


KEYSTONE 


A  Perfect  Weeder 

in  all  soils,  under  all  conditions.    The  all  important  feature  of  flexibility 
of  teeth  is  near  perfection  in  the  YORK    IMPROVED. 

Made  of  square  spring  steel  with  round  points,  and  set  stag- 
gered in  stron-?  but  flexible  angHe  steel  frame,     wide    eleuraDcc.  no       y^ 
•  locu-lne.  teftlitoo  stroiis  to  break.  Itcltipliesprodiicing  qualities /-y^l 
of  soil  En.l  does  not  whip    or   bruise    growinc    nKuit.      Adjustiibl.-f  //  11 
handles  .'.-id  sliafts.   Write  for  free  descnplive  eircular. 
Cpn77ij!cr   :^anufactui*ing  Co.,  SOI  Qii:en  Street,  Yorlc,  Pa. 


ING  IS  EASY 


CDRAY 

^^k  ^^  ■  ^f  *      and  you  liave  an  outfit  always  ready  at  a  moment  s 
_  ^fc  I       p  *^  notice  for  a  small  or  large  job  in  the 

^#^  GARFIELD    KNAPSACK    SPRAYER. 

Best  sprayer  made  for  nlne-tenttis  of  all  work,   as   Cotloi 

Shrubbery,  etc.  Easily  carrit-d  and  worked,  simple  and  durable.  Lopjjer 

back,  and  all  brass  pump.  Nothin,^  to  corrode.     We  also  make  the  Empi 

Monarch,  mounted  sprayers  Cor  lariiice  operations,  and  others  for  all  pur  p' 

in  free  catalog.    Wnte  forit.     FIELD  FORCE  PU  MP  CO..  223  Eleventh  St. .Elmira.  N.Y 


Tobacco,   Potatoes,   Cardens, 

e.  CopiJertanb  concaved  to  flt 
-  the  Emoire  King  and  Orchard 

IS.  Fully  described 


HOIiSTflNS  THAT  PAY. 

Purchasers  are  offered  selections  from  our  herd,  both  male  and  female ; 
our  cows  are  of  the  leading  strains,  including  De  Kols,  Pauline  Pauls,  Mech- 
thildes.  Hengervelds,  Nether'ands,  Aggies,  etc.,  etc.  They  are  11  well  bred 
and  milking  from  40  to  65  lbs.  per  day.  Herd  headed  by  Dry  ALWINA 
Count  Paul  De  Kol  and  DeKoI  29  Butter  Boy  3rd  No.  2. 

THOS.  FASSITT  &  SONS,      Ury  Stock  Farm,     Svlmar,  WId. 


212 


THE  SOUTHERN  PliA^TTBR 


[Maroh 


If  the  two  young  people  of  whom  "An- 
swers"' telli  this  story  were  not  reconciled 
by  their  own  absuraity,  they  at  least  fur- 
nished amusement  for  others. 
I  They  had  been  engaged,  but  had  quar- 
reled, and  were  too  proud  to  make  up. 
Both  were  anxious  to  have  people  be- 
lieve that  they  had  entirely  fo  gotten 
each  other. 

He  called  at  her  home  one  day  to  see 
her  father— on  business,  of  course.  She  i 
answered  the  door-bell.  | 

Said  he:  "Ah,  Miss  Jepkin,  I  believe. 
Is  your  father  in?" 

"  No,  sir,"  the  replied,  "  father  is  not 
in  at  present.  Do  you  wish  to  see  him  ; 
personally?" 

"  I  do,"  he  answered,  feeling  that  she 
was  yielding,  "  on  very  particular  per- 
sonal business,"  and  he  turned  proudly 
to  eo  away. 

I  beg  your  pardon,"  she  cried  after 
him,  as  he  reached  the  lowest  step,  "  but 
who  shall  I  say  called?" 

The  little  daughter  of  the  house  sat 
down  beside  the  minister,  and  began  to 
draw  on  her  slate.  '"What  are  you  doing?" 
asked  the  clergyman.  ''  I  am  making 
your  picture,"  said  the  child.  She  work- 
ed away  earnestly,  then  stopped,  com- : 
pared  tier  work  with  the  original,  and 
shook  her  head.  "  I  don't  like  it  much,"  '• 
she  said.  "Taint  a  great  deal  like  you 
I  guess  I'll  put  a  tail  to  it,  and  call  it  a 
dog." 

The  pamphlet,  "Stassfurt  Industry," 
ust  published,  contains  an  interesting 
description  of  the  famous  potash  mines 
in  Germany,  from  which  all  the  potash 
imported  into  this  country  and  used  for 
manuring  is  derived.  The  chapter  about 
the  use  of  potash  in  agriculture  as  one  of 
the  important  ingredients  of  a  complete 
fertilizer,  adds  largely  to  the  value  of  the 
book,  and  among  the  many  fine  illustra- 
tions, those  showing  the  experiments  at 
Southern  Pines,  X.  C..  are  of  particular 
interest  to  practical  farmers.  Copies  of 
this  pamphlet  can  be  had  free  by  writing 
to  the  German  Kali  Works  93  Nassau 
St.,  N.  Y.,  and  mentioning  the  Southern 
Planter. 

The  Morewood  Poultry  Farm  sends  us 
its  annual  catalogue.  It  is  descriptive 
of  their  prize-winning  Plymouth  Rock 
White  Wyandottes,  Black  Minorcaa  and 
Partridge  ^Cochins.  This  catalogue  in 
nicely  gotten  up  and  will  be  sent  free  to 
all  applicants. 

A  county  curate  in  England  who  was 
newly  married  called  on  a  great  lady  of 
the  village,  and,  as  he  presented  his  wife, 
introduce<l  her  with  the  flippant  and  hor 
ribly  ill  bred  quotation,  "'A  poor  thing, 
madam,  hut  mine  own.'"  The  lady, 
looking  at  the  curate  severely,  replieil : 
"  Your  wife  ought  to  have  introduced 
yon  as  '.A.  poorer  thing,  but  mine  owner.'" 

"  These  aren't  the  kind  of  biscuits  my 
mother  used  to  make,"  he  said.  "  Oli, 
Oeorge"  she  faltere<l,  on  the  verge  of 
tears.  "  Well,  they're  not,"  he  repeated, 
emphatically.  "  "They're  enough  sight 
better."  And  then  the  sun  came  out 
again.  I 


LONG'S  WHITE  TARTAR  OAT 

The  Ideal  Oat  for  the  American  Farmer. 

Remarkably  early,  of  robuet  and  vignrous  constitntinn.  Iriimonse  yicldi-r.  Described  and 
lllastrated  in  our  Catalc.Kue  of  this  KeHMon.  7."ic.  jht  perk:  *L' 00  per  bush,  of  33  Iba.; 
10  bu«h..  *1  K.I  per  bush  :  30  bush  ,  »1  7.".  pcrbuwh.;  100  bush,  f  Lf.-I  p<T  bush. 

Our  AMERICAN  KAKMEH.S"  M ANVAL  for  19o:i.a  book  of  4+  pnjres  (85  illastra- 
tiou8)  devote<I  entirely  to  Grass  and  other  .^seeds  for  the  Farm.  niaile<l  free  on  application  t« 
tlioftc  who  btate  where  tbe.v  saw  this  ndvertist'ment.    Correspondence  invited. 

PETER  HENDERSON  &  CO,.™«rsTNEW  YORK. 


.A.Xyi.A.I^Cr.A.IME 


( -W- ARflANTEO  ) 


Southern  areuts  for  "Eclipse"  Orchard  Spmv  Pumps,  msda 
by  .Morrlil  A  .Morley,  Bentor  Harbor.  .Mich  :  Cat.  free.  We  pay 
frVlght  on  same.  Krick  Co.'s  Eugines,  Thresherts,  .Siw  Mills,  etc., 
easy  paymeiitJ*.  Cat.  free.  Gas  and  Ga.-^olene  Kngines.  Cannlne 
Machinery.  Boggles,  Snrreys.  Waaons.  etc.  O'Iglual  '•Dandy" 
Belting,  7  in..  4  ply,  j>er  ft..  20c.;  8  in..  22<-.;  10  In.,  28c.  Disston 
Saws  and  Joints  and  holders.  Orders  from  this  point  whole- 
sale to  consumers. 

ECLIPSE  HARDWARE  aid  M'F'G  CO.,  Box  R,  Shilok.Va. 

BLACK-LEG-INE 

Pasteur  Blackleg  Vaccine  ready  for  use.  H^ln'^'^lf 

Single  Blacklegine  (for  common  stock):  10  close  box,  $1.50; 
20  dose  box,  S2. 50;  50  dose  box,  $6.00.  Double  Blacklegine  (for 
choice  stock)  $2.00  for  10  doses,  first  lymph  aud  second  lymph  incla- 
sive.    Blacklegine  Outfit  for  applying  Blacklegine,  50  cents. 

Pasteur  Vaccine  Co., 

CHICAGO  -  NEW  YORK  -  FT.  WORTH  -  SAN  FRANCISCO 


RICH  HARVESTS 

WILL  BE  REAPED  BY 

SPRAYING  NOW. 


All  klads  and  sizes  of  SPRAY  PUnP5. 


Write  for  new  catalogues  and  price-lists. 

Our  puiupB  are  used  by  the  Virginia  and  North 

Carolina  Agricultural  DeparlineDts. 

SYDNOR  PUMP  AND  WELL  CO.^  Inc., 

Box  946,  RICHMOND,  VIRGINIA. 

GASOLINE  ENGINES.  WIND  MILLS, 

RAMS,  TANKS. 

WATER  SUPPLY  CONTRACTORS. 

ARTESIAN  WELL  DRILLERS. 


The  Weed  K-rrossne  Sprayer,  with  de- 
tachabtr  kerosene  tank,  u  bucke',  knap 
Back  and  kerogooe  »pra.ver  all  In  one. 


It03.]  THE  80UTHBEN  PLAITTBE.  218 


Hackney  Stallion  CIsmont, 

J^.   HI.   S.   B.   399. 

IN    THE    STUD    AT    CISMONT    FARIYI, 

One  and  a  half  miles  from  Keswick,  Va.,  on  the  C.  &  0.  Railroad. 


Telephone  Connection  with  CHARLOTTESVILLE  and  RICHMOND,  VA. 


For  approved  mares,  $10.00  the  season  with  return  privilege,  or 

$15.00  to  insure. 


tG.  S.  LINDENKOHL,  Owner,  Keswick,  Albemarle  Co.,  Va. 


^ 


IMPFRIAI  FRUIT  AND  POULTRY  pflRM 

Is  now  booking  orders  for  Eggs  from  the  best  strains  and  careful  matings  of 

Barred  Buff  and  White  Plymouth  Rocks, 

Silver-Laced  and  White  Wvandottes, 

S.  C  B.  Leghorns  and  Mammoth  Pekin  Ducks, 

AT  S1.00  PER  SITTING. 
EGGS  FROM  BLACK  DEVIL  RIT  GAMES. 

Never  known  to  run.    The  grittiest  of  all  games.    $2  per  Sitting.    We  give  15  Chicken  and  13  Duck  Eggs  for  sitting. 

Offer  Fifty  Barrels  White  French  or  Jerusalem  Artichokes  at  $2.50  per  3  bus.  bbl. 

The  cheapest  of  all  hog  feeds.  I  raised  500  bushels  on  one  acre  of  only  fair  land.  Order  at  once.  Write  name  and 
address  plainly.  Remember,  the  express  is  no  more  on  2  or  3  sittings  than  on  one.  Refer  to  Augusta  National  Bank 
and  former  patrons.    Satisfaction  guaranteed  or  money  refunded. 

P.  H.  HEYDENREICH,    =   Staunton,  Va. 


214 


THE  80DTHEBN  PLAiiTER. 


[March 


HUMORS  OF  TRAVEL. 

T  love  the  cheerful  Western  liar.  He 
has  more  humor  in  him  than  the  Eastern 
liar.  He  is  at  his  best  when  talking  to 
the  tenderfoot.  John  Gould  and  I  sat 
together  on  a  Minnesota  train  ;  John  re 
gembles  a  deacon  in  the  church  and  I 
carry  a  meek  and  subdued  countenance. 
The  big  burly  man  in  the  seat  in  front 
turning  to  us  announced  that  he  was 
from  the  Black  Hills.  We  expressed  our 
wonder.  "That's  a  bad  country  out  there," 
he  went  on.  "You  go  into  a  butcher  shop 
and  the  best  cuts  are  eight  cents ;  that  is 
because  the  meat  is  all  'rusted.'  The 
men  go  out  at  night  and  shoot  a  steer 
and  bring  in  his  meat,  leaving  the  hide 
where  it  lay.  You  see  the  brand  is  on 
the  hide  and  they  don't  dare  take  that. 
A  man  can  swear  to  the  hide  but  not  to 
the  meat." 

"  How  are  the  cattle  thriving  out 
there?"  I  asked.  "Fme.  There  have 
been  no  storms  to  amount  to  anything. 
If  vou  want  to  know  about  bad  storms 
in  Dakota  you  can  find  all  about  them  in 
the  Eastern  papers  ;  you  don't  find  them 
anywhere  else.  Yes,  it  is  a  fine  cattle 
country,  but  after  all  it  takes  nearly  four 
acres  to  support  a  steer  a  year."  I  ex 
pressed  wonder  and  suggested  that  I  had 
supposed  that  nearly  forty  acres  would 
be  required.  ''Yes,  along  the  blufls  the 
land  has  all  slid  ofi  into  the  river  and 
left  the  rock  bare.  There  it  takes  a  good 
deal  of  country.  I  asked  if  there  were 
many  Texas  cattle  in  his  country.  ''No, 
none  at  all.  Y'ou  see  the  Texas  cattle 
have  the  tuberculosis  so  bad  that  the 
Government  had  to  shoot  more  than  160 
at  one  time  and  since  then  they  have  not 
allowed  them  to  come  in.  Texas  cattle 
have  tuberculosis,  and  in  Texas  it  is 
very  bad.  I  am  breeding;  the  black 
Angus  Galloway  Aberdeens;  they  are 
fine  cattle  and  very  hardy.  The  Gov- 
ernment agents  kill  a  good  many  cattle 
to  keep  from  losing  their  jobs.  You  see 
if  they  did  not  pretend  to  find  some  sick 
stock  there  would  be  no  use  for  them 
and  they  mij^ht  lose  their  jobs.  You 
would  laugh  to  see  how  they  inspect 
horses  for  the  cavalry.  They  will  throw 
out  three  or  four  from  each  bunch,  but 
that  fellow  will  just  put  them  into  some 
other  man's  bunch  and  next  time  they 
will  be  passed  all  right  and  some  others 
thrown  out.  In  that  way  the  Govern- 
mens  agents  keep  their  jobs." 

This  is  a  sample  of  his  talk.  When  I 
quietly  told  him  that  I  had  been  a 
rancher  myself  and  had  traveled  over 
every  range  State  except  Arizona,  he 
drew  in  hii  horns  and  began  to  talk  of 
mining  operations,  concerning  which  he 
had  similar  wondert  to  relate,  such  as 
finding  wealth  untold  in  digging  a  hotel 
cellar  and  blowing  away  all  surrounding 
buildings  with  dynamite  to  get  at  the 
masses  of  ore.  John  Gould  and  I  are 
having  plenty  of  fun  out  here. 

Joseph  E.  Wing. 


p.  Chlnaa 

Berkshire, 
Whites.      Klue    large 
strains.  All  ages  nmt«(l 
not  ftltln.  8  week.  pigs. 
Bred  sows.  Service  boars  _      _ 

and  Poultry.  Write  for  prlcesandfreeclrcular. 
P  F  HAMiLTON,  Cochranvllle,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. 


The  Miller  MANURE  SPREADER  and  PULVERIZER 

Is  a  macbine  everv  farmer  should  have.    It  will  SAVE  VOU  Us  cost  in  a  short  while. 
iT  MAKES  FRIEISOS  WHEREVER  SOLD. 


wri!l?orrtS!ogae.      THE  NEWARK  MACHINE  CO..      -     Newark,  Ohio. 

Mention  the  Southern  Planter  when  you  write. 

THE  GREAT  WESTERN 

Manure  Spreader 

:EHDLtSS  APRON    " 


maDy  advantages  which  it  i 

and  ready  to  receive  the  load  without 
ng  back  cither  by  hand  or  complicated. 


It's  always 

lad  with 

ly  brukeo  machinery.  The  froot  and  r 


leng^th  which,  with  the 

Broad  Tires  Preyents^  RuttiDg 

dr5-.froz. 


LIGHT  DRAFT.  SPREADS  ALL  KINDS  OF  MANURE,  ,,  ^ 

hulls,  etc.    C»n  be  chanccil  InntantlT  to.prenrt  thick  orMnvhUcth  

l?S''t;.-o'„Vs'.c^;.r.,END  GATE  AND  BEATER  AND  HOOD  PROTECTOR  IN  USE 
T.i,r.'  POSITIVE  GUARANTEE ?.^l\lr,"^,V^'e:>'^>"?:r.^^,,?".l^"-'^^^^    

C«talorue— the  best  and  most  complete  spreader  cauluR  ever  published,  _    ..  . 

SMITH  MANURE  SPREADER  CO.,  59  N.  JEFFERSON  STREET,  CHICAGO,  ILU 


seed  and 
In  motion— S  to  «5 

Made  of  best  ma- 
terial inevery  way 

.     All  parts  breaking  within  one  year 

Write  for  free  lUustratedsDdOescrptlT* 


If^iflC  Pulverizing  Harrow 

It  V  Iff!  k  ^^^  Clod  Crusher  and  Le 


Sizes 
3  T0 13  1-2  Feet. 

Agents 
Wanted 


Leveler 


SENT  ON  TRIAL 

To  be  returned  at  my  expense  if  not  satisfactory. 
The  best  pulverizer  —  cheapest  Riding  Har- 
row on  earth.  We  also  make  walk- 
ing Acmes.     The  Acme 
crushes,  cuts,  pulverizes, 
turns  and  levels  all 
soils  for  all  pur- 
poses.  Made  en- 
tirely of  cast  steel 
and  vvroujilit  iron 
—indestructible. 

Catalog  and  Booklet,  'Mn  Ideal  flarroiv."\>\  Heno' Stewart,  mailed  tree. 
I  deliver  free  on  board  at  New  Yorlc,  CliiMito,  Columbus.  Louisville,  Kgnsas  City,  Minneapolis,  San  Francisco,  etc. 
AddresB  DtlANR  H.  N4SH    SOI  P  MANUFACTURER  .  MiLLINCiTON,  ,\EW  JERSEY. 

PtE.4SE  MKNTION  THIS  PAPER. 


RIJMSEY=WILUAMS  COMPANY 


'WtfUffS^jPl^l 


QASOLIINK    ENGINES    and 
GRAIN  THRESHERS. 

ST.  JOHNSViLLE,   NEW  YORK. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHBEN  PLAN'IBB 


215 


LET  THERE  BE  FREE  BUYING      j 
COMPETITION.  I 

The  United  States  Circuit  Court  says  I 
that  all  of  the  big  packers  and  the  little  j 
ones  too,  for  that  matter,  engage  J  in  buy- 
ing live  stock  at  Chicago,  must  quit  their 
secret  methods  employed  to  hold  down  | 
prices.  This  is  as  it  should  be.  The  in  i 
junction  of  the  Court  against  the  so-called 
beef  trust,  if  obeyed,  must  mean  a  broader 
market  for  farmers'  shipments  of  meat 
animals  to  this  great  packing  and  distrib 
uting  centre.  The  arraignment  against 
the  long  time  actions  of  the  cattle-buyers 
is  concise,  far  reaching  and  just. 

The  Court  finds  a  clear  case  of  combi 
nation.  It  finds  that  the  defendan-.s  are 
engaged  in  an  unlawful  conspiracy  under 
the  Sherman  act,thi8  being  manifested  in 
various  ways :  That  the  big  packers  of 
live  stock  direct  their  buyers  at  tUe  yards 
to  refrain  from  bidding  against  each 
other;  that  they  not  infrequently  bid 
higher  prices  for  a  few  days  in  order  to 
induce  large  shipments  from  the  country, 
subsequently  depressing  the  market  to  a 
point  much  below  the  normal  level ;  that 
they  have  secret  agreements  about  fixing 
the  prices  of  meats  and  the  quantities  to 
be  shipped,  and  that  they  use  harmful 
methods  in  restricting  trade,  requiring 
their  agents  throughout  the  United  States 
to  impose  uniform  cartage  and  delivery, 
thus  increasing  to  dealers  and  consumers 
the  cost  of  meat ;  and,  finally,  that  un- 
just agreements  are  made  with  the  trans- 
portation companies  for  rebates  and  other 
discriminative  rates. 

This  condition  of  afiairs,  succinctly 
described  by  the  Federal  Court,  has  long 
been  so  understood  by  common  agree- 
ment in  trade  circles.  But  if  the  na- 
tional law,  framed  to  regulate  trusts, 
means  anything,  it  should  be  enforced. 
The  great  packing  interests  of  the  coun- 
try have  done  much  in  the  last  twenty 
years  to  solve  the  question  of  economi- 
cal distribution  of  meat  animals,  and 
are  given  proper  credit  for  this.  It  does 
not  follow,  however,  that  they  can  be 
permitted  to  crush  out  all  competitive 
bidding  in  what  should  be  a  free  and 
open  live  stock  market  at  Chicago,  at 
Missouri  river  points,  or  elsewhere. 

Gilhooley — Oi  jist  bought  me  a  bottle 
of  hair  restorer. 

Mulcahey — But  your  hair  ain't  falling 
out. 

Gilhooley— Thot's  jist  it!  If  Oi  shtarr 
UBin'  it  now,  Oi  won't  git  bald  when  me 
hair  does  fall  out. 

Offended  Mother — Now,  Bobby,  don't 
let  me  apeak  to  you  again ! 

Bobby  I  helplessly)— How  can  I  pre- 
vent you,  mamma? 


Split  Hiekory  Buggy  Bargains 

Sold  direct  to  user  from  factory  atfactorj'  price?,  sent  sDywhere  on  30  DAYS*  FREE  TRIAL 
and  puarantced  for  two  years.  Our  1903  catalogue  Im  notv  ready  and  ooutaiiiM  liun- 
dredn  orexclii!sive  »>i^'le»i  ofvehloles  and  harneNS  of  every  deMcriptiou.  It  is  free 
and  you  should  send  for  it  before  buyinp  a  vehicle  or  harness.  We  manufacture  every  vehicle 
W6  otler  for  sale.  If  you  get  a  Split  Hickory  you  arc  sure  of  getting  somethini?  that  will  please 
you  and  a  bargain.  Remember  you  can  only  buy  a  Split  Hickory  of  us  direct  as  we  do  not 
sell  jobbers  or  dealers.  ^— --=^ 

SPLIT '^HICKORY 
WINNER 


iyrshires,  Bsrkshirss  and  Oxfard-Downs. 

Ayrshire  calves    of  both  sexes,   Berkshire 

Slgsand  boar,  and  2  Oxford-Down  Rams  For 
ale.  MELROSE  C4STLE  FARM, 

ENOa  H.  HESS,  Manager,  Casanova,  Va. 


FOR^iliertleen-Snps  Cattle 

Choice  breeding.    Registered  bulls  ready  for 
service.  Address  A.  D.  PARR,  care  A.  G.  PARR, 
Jeffersonton,  Va. 


This  IB  c 


SPLIT  HICKORY 
HUMMER 

Has  30  nz.  full 
top,  split  hickarv 
wheels,  hfsteleel 
axles  &  Fpnnse, 
anely     fini^^hed. 
neat,  t^trnne  and 
substantial,    the 
best  value    ever 
offered  at  the  price, 
Sold  on  30(iaye'  f 
a  bargain  and  if  ^ 
$15.00  send  it  back. 
And  here  Is  oui 

SPLIT  HICKORY 
SPECIAL 

the  buggy  that 
won      6  u  c  h 
favor  In  every 


=ider  you  have  saved    date 


every  user.  Hai 
Renuine  leath* 
er  quarter  top, 
'  sprmg  cushloQ 
and  back,  boot, 

_-  carpet,    double 

nd  If  it  don't  prove  itself    braced  shafts,  in  fact  evprythlDgcompleteandup-to- 
''"*"     ''"  -oomy,  comfortable,  easy  riding  and  light 

-  _.-    Everyone  shipped  on  trial,    no  questions 

asked  if  not  satisfactory;  just  send  it  back  It  It  len't 
t20. 00  cheaper  than  equal  quality  at  retail. 

This  Is  our 

Split  Hickory 
VFASHION" 

extension  t<\p 

SURREY 

Roomy,  com- 
fortable, strong 
and  substantial. 
Equal  to  surreys 


elble    to    give 

description  here. 

Has  lOO  points  of  v/Yv/vi\xy  x/m-»-i*x/- 

morlt.    Nothing  like  it  ever  offered  vehicle  buvers       VZ  Nd-^iX  jr  XZ  ry^.i  \  y  that     retail   for 

before.  We  only  ask  a  comparison  with  a  $65.00  bugcy  "^■:AU-i>l--  ==-'— ^from  $100  to  $125. 

at  retailandif.in  your  Judgment, It  isn'tbetter  don't    Will  last  a  lifetime.    Everyone  shipped  on  30  days* 

keep  it.    Costs  you  nothing  for  the  trial.  free  trial  and  guaranteed  two  years. 

Write  at  once  for  our  free    catalogrie  of  vehicles  and  harness;  a  penny  spent  for  a  postal 

jay  save  you  $25.00.     Remember  there   is  only  one  place  to  get  Split  Hickory  Veliicles 

<tid  that  is  at  our  factory.    We  have  no  agents. 
>1IO  CARRIAGE  MFG.  CO., 


Station  41,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


30  YEARS  SELLING  DIRECT 


We  are  the  largest  manufacturers  of  vehicles 
and    harness  in  the  world  selling  to   con- 
exclusively. 
HAVE  NO  AGEXTS 

butsiiip  aDywherefor 


No.  327— Surrey.    Price  i 
A=i  p""i  39  sells  for  $5l>  r 

ELKHART  CARRIAGE  &  HARNESS  MFG. ,  CO.  Elkhart,  Ind. 


DEAL  DIRECT  ^Ji^E"  FACTORY 

Don't  pay  retail  price  for  carrieiges  or  harness.  Write  for  our  catalogue  and 
leurn  about  our  Si'stem  of  selling  direct  from  factory  to  customer.  Two  profits 
are  saved  to  you.  Satisfaction  is  guaranteed,  or  you  can  return  the  purchase 
and  we  will  pay  freight  charges  both  ways.  We  havo  the  largest  assortment 
of  bLii;gii:*s,  surreys,  phaetons,  carriages,  and  other  higli  grade  vehicles, 
well  as  harneas.  horse  rugs  and  other  horse  accessories,  in  America. 
Write  for  the  catalogue  to-day. 


THE  COLUMBUS  CARRIAGE  &  HARNESS  COMPANY.  .  ^^. 

Factory  and  General  Office,  COLUMBUS.  0.  \       Write  to      v  aL 

Western  Office  and  Disinbu+ing  House.  ST.  LOUIS,  MO. /nearest  office. 


OUT  THIS  AD  OUT  i 


and  send  to  us  and 

nail    yoo 

ree  our  1903  spe- 

been  the  most  complete  bouk  printed,  antl  for 
Jard  from  which  others  fijjure — welead.the 

icrs  follow.    Top  Buggies  27.90.    The   greatest  buggy  offer  ever  made  ■! 

341.70  Top  Buggies  witfi  guaranleed  rubber  tires  at  945.00.    45st)'lesto 


andlia 


catalopue.  It  ha! 


t  from 


lithe 


ag  Wagons. Sprintj  Wagons, 


nopya 


D$ll; 


buy   until  you   get  our  catalog   and  see  our  wonderful  offers. 

MARVI.N  SMITH  CO.,   55-57-S9  North  Jeffersoa   Street,    Chicafo,    Illigols. 


When  you  write  to  an  advertiser,  always  say  you  saw  the  ailver- 
tisement  in  THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTEB. 


216 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAJSTBR. 


[March 


THE  SAN  JOSE  SCALE 
PROPOSITION'. 

Bt  R.  S.  Emokv,  Kbst  County,  Md. 

You  could  not  begin  the  new  year  will. 
•  proposition  that  ie  of  greater  interest  to 
fruit-growers  than  the  eradication  of  tlu- 
Ban  Jose  ecale.  It  is  of  iuterest  to  ever> 
horticulturist  in  this  country,  and  mos'. 
people  who  expect  to  grow  fruit  in  the 
the  future  mu^t  consider  the  scale  in  n 
very  careful  way  in  planning  their  or 
cbarde.  The  insect  is  now  bei;oaiing  f( 
generally  disseminated,  one  can  H^r^elv 
find  an  orchard  of  any  very  great  extern 
that  is  exempt  from  it  I  know  of  sev- 
eral peacQ  orchards,  mw  dead  from  tht 
attacks  of  this  pest,  as  a  result  of  care 
lessness  or  indifft^reuce  on  ttie  part  of  ibf 
owner,  who  did  not  consider  the  mittei 
in  a  serious  light.  When  these  treet 
should  have  been  in  their  prime  and 
yielding. good  returns,  it  was  necessary  t( 
dig  them  up  and  burn  them.  We  hart 
togrjw  the  trees  before  we  can  get  i\n 
fruit,  and  in  many  cases  the  pests  get  be 
yond  our  control  unless  we  keep  a  clott 
watch  on  the  creatures  all  the  time. 

I  know  of  one  peach  orchard  five  years 
old  from  which  about  6.O1O  baskets  ol 
fine  fruit  were  picked  and  sold  in  1901. 
while  not  a  peich  was  gathered  last  yeai. 
The  scile  was  so  bad  the  trees  were  ton 
out  and  destroyed.  Another  orchard  sij 
years  old  had  over  2,000  baskets  pickeo 
from  it  last  year  and  is  now  nearly  dead 
and  will  have  to  be  taken  up  in  tht 
spring.  These  are  illustrations  of  wha; 
this  pest  can  do  in  a  short  time,  if  it  ir 
not  taken  in  hand.  In  my  own  case,  ) 
am  satiefied  that  we  shall  be  obliged  t' 
practice  diflerent  methods  of  fruit  grow 
mg,  if  we  retain  control  of  our  orchardh 
Hereafter  I  shall  practice  more  intensivi 
culture,  plant  my  trees  nearer  together 
head  them  near  the  ground  and  giv. 
more  careful  attention  to  larger  area  con 
taining  a  larger  number  of  trees  than  for 
merly. 

As  a  pioneer  in  the  use  of  the  whalt 
oil  soap  method,  I  still  believe  that  thif 
material  can  be  used  to  good  advantage 
in  most  cases.  But  in  all  my  pra<-tical  ' 
experience  nothing  has  been  so  effective! 
as  the  gas  treatment.  In  peach  orchards  ( 
I  shall  hereafter  depend  on  the  use  of; 
hydrocyanic  acid  eas  until  the  trees  are  ' 
five  or  six  years  old,  or  even  longer,  if  I 
can  handle  the  apparatus  conveniently. 
My  plan  would  be  to  fumigate  the  young  1 
trees  the  second,  fourth  and  sixth  year  j 
after  they  were  planted,  thus  making ! 
three  fumigations.  When  properly  han  ' 
died,  nothing  has  been  so  satisfactory  as  ' 
the  gas  treatment  on  my  place.  , 

I  am  now  ooni'tructing  a  series  of  emal'  I 
box  tents,  which  were  designed  by  Prof 

FIVE  TOOTH  Cultivators  UNEQUALED 

All  steel.    BlDgleand' 
double  lever •.    Fur- I 
nlsbed  with  front  and 
^.       .—  —         .—      rear   wheels.      .><even 

"■M "Mk- •**.  •^'(^Driag  Teeth  attach-' 
ments.  Cultivator  sweeps,  lieverslble  and  ■ 
adjustable  Horse  Hoe  Celery  Hillers.  Best  in  ! 
the  world.  All  kinds  of  o'her  agricultural 
Implements.  We  can  save  you  money.  Write  | 
us  for  cjitalogue  and  prices.  1 

THE  TOLEDO  PLOW  CO.,  Dtvla.  S.,  Toledo,  oj 


Your  money  back 

Ef  you  are  not  satisfied 

DO  YOU  SUPPOSE  that  a  company  with  a  capital  of  SSOO.OOO.Oa  paid  in  full,  and  tha 
proud  reputatioD  of  36  years  of  continuous  success,  would  make  such  an  offer  and  not  carry 
It  out  to  the  letter? 

DO  YOU  SUPPOSE  we  would  jeopardize  our  standing  with  the  public  and  our  chances 
of  still  greater  success  by  failing  to  fulfil  any  promise  we  make  ? 

DO  YOU  SUPPOSE  we  would  make  such  an  offer  if  we  did  not  have  the  utmost  confi- 
dence in  the  satisfying  quality  of  our  goods  ?  

WE  KNOW  we  can  please  you  and  save  you  money,  for  HAYNER  WHISKEY  goes 
direct  from  our  distillery  to  vou,  vrith  all  its  original  richness  and  flavor,  carrying  a  UNITED 
STATES  REGISTERED  DISTILLER'S  GUARANTEE  of  PURITY  and  AGE  and  saving 
you  the  big  profits  of  the  dealers.  That's  why  it's  best  for  medicinal  purposes.  That's  why 
it's  preferred  for  other  uses.  That's  why  we  are  regularly  supplying  over  a  quarter  of  • 
million  satisfied  customers.    That's  why  YOU  should  try  it 

Direct  from  our  distillery  to  YOU 

Saves  Dtaltrs'  Profits!    Privsnts  Adultsration !  ^"" 

HAYNER  WHISKEY 

PURE  SEVEN-YEAR-OLD  RYE 

4     FULL    $0:20  EXPRESS 
QUARTS  O      PREPAID 

We  will  send  you  POUR  FULL  QUARTS  of  HAYNER'S  SEVEN-YEAR- 
OLD  RYE  for  13.20.  and  we  will  pay  the  express  charges.  When  you  receive 
the  whiskey,  try  it  and  if  you  don't  find  it  all  right  and  as  good  as  you  ever 
drank  or  can  buy  from  any  body  else  at  any  price,  then  send  it  back  at  our 
expense  and  your  13.20  will  be  returned  to  you  by  next  mail.  How  could 
an  offer  be  fairer?  We  take  all  the  risk  and  stand  all  the  expense,  if 
the  goods  do  not  please  you.  Won't  you  let  us  send  you  a  trial  orderf  We 
Ship  in  a  plain  sealed  case;  no  marks  to  show  what's  inside. 

Orders  for  Ariz.,  Cal..  Col..  Idaho.  Mont..  Nev.,  N.  Mex..  Ore..  Utah.  Wash, 
or  Wvo..  must  be  on  the  basis  of  4  Onarts  for  S4.00  by  Express 
Frepaid  or  SO  quarts  (or  SIO.OO  by  Freight  Frepaid, 

Write  our  nearest  office  and  do  it  NOW. 

THE  HAYNER  DISTILLING  COMPANY 

ATUNTA-  GA.  DAYTON,  OHIO  ST.  LOUIS,  Ma  ST.  PAUL,  MINN, 

156  DISTILLSBT,  TBOT,  O.  ESTABLtSEED  1866. 


OHAHTeneo  is  70. 


Merchants  National  Bank 


O^    niOHItOHO,   VA. 

OMlj^nated  Depository  of  th«  United  States,  City  of 
Rlobmona  and  CXimmonwealtb  of  Virginia. 
Being  the  largest  Depository  for  Banks  between  Baltlmors 
and  New  Orleans,  this  Bank  offers  superior  taollltlea  for 
direct  and  quick  oolleoUons. 


JNO.  P.  BRANCH, 

President. 


JNO.  K.  BRANCH, 

'^ioe-PiMiaant 


Capital  Stock,  $200,000.00 

Sarplu  aad  Profits ,  $600. 000,00 


JOHN  F.  QLKNB, 

Uaahler. 


DISBOTOBS.— Jotm;P.  Branob,  B.  B.  Uimford,  Chas.  B.  Strlnxfellow,  Thos.  B.  Soott,  B.  W. 
Branch,  Frsd.  W.  Soott,  Jas.  H.  Dooley,  Jno.  K.  Branch,  A.  8.  Boford,  R.  0.  Morion.  Andrew 
Claalnl,  Jr.,  J.  F.  Qsorse,  Alex.  Hamilton,  Bam'l.  T.  Morgan. 


1903.J 


IILB  80UTHEKN  PLAKTEB. 


217 


Johnson,  in  hia  book  on  "  Fumigation 
Methods,"  as  the  "  Emury  Fumigator." 
With  a  eufBi-ient  number  of  these  small 
box  fumigators,  I  have  proved  by  actual 
experience  that  I  can  keep  the  pest  in 
check  aad  st'cure  crops  of  fruit  at  a  small- 
er expense  than  when  I  resort  to  epray- 
ing.  When  the  trees  get  beyond  the 
height  where  I  can  fumigate  them  readi- 
ly I  will  resort  to  spraying. 

THE  OLD-TIME  PEDLER. 
"Don't  the  pedlers  come  through  any 
more,  daughter?"  I've  been  here  for  a 
whole  su  Timer  and  fall,  and  not  one  have 
I  seen.  When  your  father  and  1  lived  on 
the  farm,  they  used  to  drive  up  twice  or 
three  times  a  week  when  the  weather  was 
good." 

The  question  was  asked  by  an  ?ged 
woman  whose  home  is  now  in  a  neigh- 
boring city,  but  whose  summers  are  spent 
with  her  daughter  and  son-in-law  on  the 
old  homestead,  whose  red  brick  and  cob- 
ble-stone front  stands  hospitably  smiling 
upon  the  level  stretches  of  the  great  ridge 
road  just  as  it  has  stood  and  smiled  forty- 
eight  years  The  reply  to  the  old  woman's 
query  was  that  of  late  years  the  pedlers 
had  begun  to  drop  off  with  their  visits, 
until  at  last  they  came  so  seldom  that  the 
little  children  did  not  know  what  the  red 
wagons  signified. 

The  vehicles  were  built  all  along  the 
eame  geaeral  line,  like  barges  or  steam 
tugs.  The  length  was  about  ten  feet,  the 
height  eight.  The  box  was  oblong,  and 
in  front  an  elevation  arose  over  the  fore 
wheels  for  the  seat,  which  sometimes  was 
protected  by  a  huge  sun  umbrella.  Some- 
times two,  but  generally  one  horse  haul- 
ed the  outfit,  and  a  weary  time  he  had  of 
it,  too,  with  his  oat  bag  slung  under  his 
poor  old  neck  and  his  hide  worn  bare 
from  the  constant  shifting  of  the  thills. 
The  red  body  of  the  wagon  on  both  sides 
was  planted  with  scores  of  little  white 
knobs.  This  opened  up  the  treasure  house 
within,  and  each  marked  the  location  of 
a  tiny  door.  Within,  the  wagons  were 
compact  and  complete  "  general  stores." 
One  could  buy  anything  under  the  sun 
small  enough  to  be  carried— cloth,  tin- 
ware, iron  utensils,  straw  and  felt  hats 
for  men  and  women,  boots  and  shoes, 
ready  made  suits — but  these  came  later — 
canned  goods,  patent  medicines,  dried 
fish,  tobacco — generally  on  the  sly — nee- 
dles, pins,  threads,  yarn,  matches,  and 
stuck  up  in  front  or  looped  underneath, 
brooms  of  all  sizes  and  qualities.  Often 
a  snow-shovel  and  a  trio  of  scoops  and 
spades  were  laid  carefully  on  the  roof. 
Up  in  front,  under  the  driver's  seat,  was 
a  jug  of  molasses  and  prepared  honey,  or 
some  delicacy  for  the   kitchen  or  table. 


ROLLERS'"*""'" 


WIDE. 

Strongest,  most  durable 
and  easiest  running 
rollers  made.  Self-nillng 
Jhubs.  Revolving  shafts. 
Wood,  Iron  and  steel 
rollers.  Stee!  and  wood 
frames.  Cneapest  and 
be<t  rollers  made.  We 
make  over  40  different  styles  and  kinds  of  rnll- 
«r8  and  can  suit  you  no  matier  what  kind 
of  roller  you  may  want.  All  binds  of  other 
agricultural  implements.  Write  for  catalogue 
and  prices. 
THE  TOLEDO  PLOW  CO.,  DIvls.  S,  Toledo,  0. 


Tl-ifk    np»l    OATH    SAW    MILLS   ARE    SURE    WINNERS.  I 
■  lie    L/CLVyrWI  1   ElgWsizes, fromFaimers'4h  p  upto200-h.  p. 

If  Interested,  write  for  large  illustrated  cutal  gue  ot  DeLoach  Patent  Saw  Mills  tosuit 
any  power  from  4  to  200-h.  p  ;  Shingle  Mills.  Planers,  Edgers,  Trimmers,  Stave  aud  Lath 
Mills  Bolters,  Corn  and  Buhr  Mills,  Water  Wh.  els  etc.  To  introduce  our  New  Farmers' 
Saw  Mill,  fitted  with  DeLoach  Patent  Variable  Frictl  .n  Feed,  we  make  this  special  offer: 

We  win  deliver  on  cars  at  factory  our 
No.  0  Pony  Farmers'  Saw  Mill,  with 
Duplex  Dugs,  Imp  oved  Head  Blocks 
and  Ratchet  Set  Works  complete  as 
shown  in  cut,  except  it  has  Carriage  made 
In  two  4foi>t  sections,  with  Rope  Drive 
instead  of  Rwck  and  Pinion,  without  Saw 
or  Belt,  for  $115.00  Spot  Cash  I 
With  36"  Solid  Saw,  jr27..50 ;  40",  8132.50 ; 

44",  $140.00;  48",  $150.00 
With  36"  Inserted  Haw.  $147  50;  40"  $152.50; 

44",  8160,00 :  48",  C170.0U. 

Best  Rubber  Belting,  4-ply,  6",  20  cents 

per  foot ;  8",  30  cents  per  foot,  net. 

No   discount  from   these   prices. 

Our  Warranty:  This  mill  Is  warranted  to  be  made  In  a  workmanlike  manner  of  first 
class  material  throughout,  and  to  .  ive  perfect  satisfaction  if  operated  according  to  our 
printed  Instructions,  which  are  so  simple  that  a  boy  can  understand  them.  Any  one  with 
ordinary  Intelligence  can  set  and  operate  without  the  assistance  of  an  experienced 
sawyer;  will  easily  cut  2,000  to  2  500  feet  of  first  class  board  lumber  per  day  with  onlv  4-h.  p.; 
3,000' ft.  with  6-b.  p.;  4,000  ft.  with  8-n.  p  ;  Is  adapted  to  any  kind  or  size  power  up  to  15-h.  p. 
DeLOACH  MILL  MANUFACTURING  CO  ,  Box  600,  ATLANTA,  GEORGIA,  U.  S.  A. 
The  DeLoach  is  the  only  mill  made  that  is  shipped  to  all  parts  of  the  world.  Over  10,000  in  use. 


CAPITA.!.    S5  0.0  0  0 


BANK  OF  MANCHESTER 

lMEA.1SrCIIESTER.  ^riL. 

A.  D.  SHOTWELL,  Pres.,  CLARENCE  VADEN,  Vlce-Pres.,  S.  R.  BllAME,  Cashier. 


rM  oc/^T-riDc/ A.  D.  Shotwell,        B.  C.  Broaddus,   S.  R.  Brame.  E.  H.  Wells, 

Dl  RtC  I  Ono-^Qj,^ngucj;  ViDEN,     W.J.Carter,       Kknueth  Smith,    B.  A.  Bowen. 


A  general  Banking  business  transacted.  Every  facility  extended  consistent  with  sound  banking 
Interest  paid  on  time  deposits.     We  solicit  your  business. 


ASSETS,   $900.000. 

Virginia  Fire  and  Harine 

Insurance  Company,  of  Richmond,  Va. 

Insures  Against  Fire  and  Lightning. 

ALL    DESCRIPTIONS    OF    PROPERTY     IN     COUNTRY    AND    TOWN,    PRIVATE    OR 
PUBLIC,  INSURED  AT  FAIR  RATES.  ON  ACCOMMODATING  TERMS. 

AGEHrCIES  IN  EVERY  TOWN  AND  COUNTY. 

WM.  H.  PALMER,  PRESIDENT.  W.  H.  M'CARTHY,  SECRETARY. 


*         ■^XTS.O-XlSrXA.    IDIVISIOIsr.         * 

Farmers  Mutual  Benefit  Association. 

A  Fire  Insurance  Association,  chartered  by  the  State  for  the  farmers 
of  Virginia,  under  an  amended  and  well  protected  plan. 

Insures  in  counties  surrounding  and  accessible  to  Richmond,  against  Fire  and 
Lightning,  only  country  property — no  stores  or  unsafe  risks.  Policj  holders  amply 
secured — all  legitimate  losses  paid.  Average  cost  per  year  less  than  other  plans,  and 
a  great  saving  to  farmers.  Amount  of  property  now  insured,  $.330,000,  and  increasing 
yearly.     Estimated  security  in  real  and  other  estate,  S750  000. 

For  further  information,  address,  CHAS.  N.  FRIEND,  General  Agent, 

MBMTION  THIS  JOURH*L.  CHESTER,    VIRQINIA. 


When  corresponding  with  advertisers,  say  you  saw  their  adver- 
tisement in  the  Southern  Planter. 


2L8 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTEB. 


'  March 


The  jewelry  which  the  pedler  carried  he 
kept  close  o  his  peraoii  with  great  show 
of  caution,  and  the  more  brassy, it  was 
the  more  closely  he  pretended  to  guard  it. 
Does  any  one  who  reads  through  this 
list  of  invaluable  appurtenances  to  the 
happy  home  wonder  that  the  pedler's  ad 
veni  was  welcomed  by  all  departments  of 
t  e  house  fifteen  ortwentyniilesfrom  the 
nearest  store,  and  perhaps  fifty  or  one 
hundred  from  the  nearest  city?  When 
the  cloud  of  dust  would  arise  over  the 
brow  of  the  hill  on  a  June  afternoon,  up 
would  go  the  cry,  "Jim  the  pedler's  com- 
ing. Ma,  Run  and  get  Henry,  and  tell 
him  to  have  the  rags  ready." 

Then,  when  the  pedler  had  arrived, 
■would  Vjegin  a  game  of  win  aud  lose  such 
as  has  been  played  since  the  days  of  the 
flood  wherever  one  man  had  what  an- 
other man  had  not,  but  thought  he  need- 
ed. Litile  money  changed  hands  in  this 
trade.  It  was  barter,  primeval,  barbaric 
barter,  except  that  the  things  traded  for 
bore  the  mark  of  the  machine  instead  of 
the  flint.  The  medium  of  exchange  was 
generally  rags,  "paper  rags."  as  they  were 
inown.  This  included  rubber  boots,  cop- 
per and  brass  junk  and  lead  pipe.  In 
those  days  paper  was  made  from  rags, 
and  the  wood-pulp  process  was  still  dim 
in  the  future.  Good  rags,  no  matter  of 
what  wool  or  consistency,  had  a  distinct 
market  value,  and  the  pedlers,  recogniz- 
ing this,  depended  on  the  farmers'  wives 
to  hoard  the  supply.  In  exchange,  he 
gave  them  the  commodities  mentioned, 
making,  of  course,  a  comfortable  profit 


>.mk*ik^^Mitmkmkjmsmkmk0ikmkmkmkmkmkmkmkJiikmkittkiiik.iiii^m:*it,mkMiik 


HowareYourEyes? 


We  are  the  largest  optical  establishment  Sonth,  and  give  proper  adjustment 
of  SPECTACLKS  and  EYE  GLASSES.  Complet*-  manufacturing  plant  on  the 
premises.  Mail  us  the  pieces  and  we  will  from  them  duplicate  your  Glasses. 
Gla.=ses  by  mail  our  specialty. 

is  also  complete  with  CAMERAS,  KO- 
DAKS and  PHOJO  SUPPLIES.  De- 
veloping and  printing  finely  executed. 


4  Oiirlineof  QRAPHOPHONES,  with  latest,  records.  OPERA  GLASSES.   % 

J  FIELD  GLASSES,  Incubator  and  Dairy  THEREnonETEKS,  etc.,  etc.,  is   ff 

i|  also  complete     Lowest  charges  in  all  cases.                                                                ■ 

i  TliES.GlLESIIOPTIGt  G0.,9tlianilMainSts.,llicbiiioiiil,Va.  I 


RURAL  BOOKS 


OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION 


AT   LOWEST   PRICES, 
SOUTHERN  PLANTER,     -     Richmond,  Virginia. 


^jgg[gggp^igi5)pji5ir2j[5ua][5nai5ifajL5iRj[5na[sTia[5na[si] 

££?."'  REGIS.  HEREFORD  CATTLE ' 


CHIEZF"  STOCXC  SIREISs 

liMMAvtAtl  QftI  IQDIIDV  7l«ni«Q  ('^OS^)  ^'■^'^  •'y  ^°^^  P™®'  ^o"'*  House,  Pembridge,  Heve- 
IIHpOncnuHLIODUIff  IDUwSI  fordshire,  England.  Sired  by  Boniface  (9600  ,  the  sire  of  the 
First  Prize  winner  at  both  the  Smithfield  and  Birmingham  Fat  Stock  Shows  ^England)  in  1897.  The  sire  of  Boni 
face  is  The  Grove  3d  2t90.  Snowfall  (v.  24,  p.  65.i)  the  dam  of  Salisbury  is  in  the  herd  of  His  Majesty  King 
Edward  VII.  The  eire  of  Snowball  is  the  grtat  breeding  bull  Pioneer  ( 140.'5  i  by  Monarch  20001,  the  winner  of  the 
Frst  Prize  at  the  Royal  Show  at  York,  in  1883.  Monarch  is  by  Lord  Wilton  4067  and  is  generally  considered  one 
of  the  best  of  Lord  Wilton's  sons.  and 

I  ipC  Ir  fllt9Q7  ^"^  ^^  Thomas  Clark,  Beecher,  HI.  Sired  by  Lars  (50734),  a  winner  at  the 
LHIIO  Uli  Ov^vl)  World's  Fair  at  Chicago,  First  and  Cham oion  Prize  winner  as  a  Two,  Three  and 
Four-year-old  at  all  principal  Fairs  ;  also  headed  the  herd  winning  Grand  Sweepstakes  at  the  great  Live  Stock  Show 
of  America;  at  Madison  Square  Garden,  N-w  York,  1898.  The  dam  of  Lars  Jr.  is  Judy  55711,  one  of  the  best  breeding 
cows  in  the  Castalia  Herd,  by  Peerless  Wilton  12774,  the  well  known  sire  of  prize  winners  ;  and  the  dam  of  Judy  is 
Jessie  3d,  by  Sir  Richard  2d,  the  English  prize  winner  and  producer  of  show  animals. 


FOR  SALE 


A  very  choice  lot  of  BULL  CALVES  and  YEARLING  BULLS  by  above 
sires ;    also  a  tew  COWS  IN   CALF,  or  with  calf  at  foot. 


All  of  the  cows  at  Castalia  are  well  bred,  being  by  such  good  sires  as  Wild  Tom,  E»rl  of  Shadeland  22d,  Beau 
Real,  etc.  Visitors  met  at  station  when  notice  is  given  in  advance.  The  prices  are  right;  it  will  pay  intending 
buyers  to  see  these  cattle. 


BOOGOCK,  Owner,  Castalia,  Keswick,  llbemarle  County,  Va. 

g]  ra[5ua[5iiaiiTra[5iral[5Tra][5Tfa(s!fg][5i[a[^ 


1903.J 


THE  80UTHEEN  PLANTBB. 


219 


out  of  the  transaction.  Good  raga  brought, 
twenty  years  ago,  from  a  cent  and  a  half 
to  two  ceutg  and  a  half  a  pound.  The 
pedler  was  fair ;  that  is,  if  he  was  not  ex- 
actly fair,  he  was  as  fair  as  he  could  be, 
and  both  sides  parted  satisfied,  the  house- 
wife with  her  new  granite  iron  tea-ljettie 
and  he  with  his  huge  ragbag  bulging  out 
a  little  further  than  it  did  two  milesdown 
the  road.  The  ragbag  was  an  index  of  the 
state  of  trade.  When  the  wagon  started 
out  it  hung  limply  behind,  like  a  punc 
tured  balloon.  It  was  a  huge  affair,  made 
of  coarse  burlap,  blackensed  and  stained 
by  time  and  use.  Sometimes  huge  squares 
of  new  burlap  stood  out  in  startling  con- 
trast against  the  old  face  of  the  bag,  in 
spots  wtnere  holes  had  been  patched  with 
coarse  twine.  Into  this  grimy  receptacle 
the  matted  rags  were  hurled  with  a 
short,  Btout,  iron  hook  like  an  elephant 
goad. 

The  capacity  of  these  great  bags  was 
amazing,  and  on  homeward  trips  they 
would  protrude  with  mastodonic  fatness 
from  the  rear  of  the  red  wagons  as  far  as 
the  length  of  the  vehicle  itself,  and  the 
poor  horse  would  tug  and  sweat  at  his 
increasing  burden  as  the  camels  did  un- 
der the  soaked  sponges  in  the  fable.  The 
rags  were  weighed  on  drop  scales  attach- 
ed to  the  rear  of  the  wagon,  and  of  course 
the  honesty  of  the  spring  within  the  brass 
and  iron  case  had  an  important  efiect 
upon  the  fairness  of  the  barter.  At  times 
doubts  would  surge  up  in  the  shrewd 
housewife's  mind,  especially  when  the 
pedler's  scales  indicated  a  weight  three 
or  four  pounds  lighter  than  her  own  had 


FOR    SAZ.E. 

BEAGLES  aid  ENfiUSH  HARRIERS 

Well  broken  to  hunt.    Also  Barred  Plymouth 
Eggs,  SI  per  sitting.    Apply  to 

R      E     CREE.  -  C90ZET.   VA. 


.     .     FOR  SALE    .     . 

PUREBRED  SHORTHORN  BULL  CALVES, 

Dropped  last,  spring; ;  will  weigh  about 

500  lbs.    lu  nice  order.    For  funber 

Inf-jriuatioD  address, 


T  TOUR  IDEAS 

•,000  offered   for  one  in« 

Jon:   SS,500   for   another. 

Book  "How  to  Obtain  a  Patent" 

and  "What  to  Invent  "sent  free.  Sead 

srh  sketch  for  free  report  as  to 

patentability.       "We  advertise  your 

patent  for  sale  at  our  expense. 

CHANDLEE  &  CHANDLEt,  Patent  Attorney. 

972,       F  Street,  Washington,  D.C 


Mention  the  Southern  Planter  in  writing 


0^^ 


Japan  Plums 

And  all  other  desirable  standard  and  new 
varieties  of  PLU.MS,  APPLE,  PEACH, 
PEAR  and  ORNAMENTAL  TREES, 
SHRUBS,  ROSES,  Etc. 

HEADQUARTERS  FOR  TENNESSEE 
PROLIFIC  STRAWBERRY. 

The  lIo»t  Keliable  Variety  Ever  grown  In 
the  South. 


Three  huntlred  and  flfty  acres  under  cnltlTation.    Write  as 
if   jon  contemplate  planting.     Catalogue  free. 

AO-ENTS  WANTED.     'WRITE  FOB  TEBMS. 


TAT.  X.  XSOOJD   <Sc 

OLD  DOMINION  NURSERY. 


CO., 

RICHMOND,  VA. 


GREAT  ^^m  SALE 

SHORTHORN  CATTLE  and  BERKSHIRE  HOGS, 

On  the  Fairground  at  Hagerstown,  Md.,  March  12,  1903. 

50  REGISTERED  SHORTHORNS, 

Including  Cows,  Heifers  and  young  Bulls;   15  high  grade  Shorthorns  by  registered  sires,  including 

Cows,  Heifers  and  young  bulls. 

30  REG.  BERKSHIRE  HOGS, 

Including  Sows,  younger  Sows  not  bred  down  to  pigs  and  young  boars.     Also  one  imported 

CLEVELAND  BAY  STALLION. 

TERlVtS.— 6  months  credit  on  sums  exceeding  $25  by  giving  approved  notes.     For  cata- 
logue giving  description  and  pedigree  of  each  animal,  write  to  manager  of  sale. 

H.  L.  STRITE,  Leitersburg,  Md. 


ON  MARCH  Nth,  F.  "W".  Mish  will  have  a  large  sale  of  REGISTERED  STOCK  near  Hagers- 
town, consisting  ot  Percheron  horses,  Aberdeen-Angus  and  Dutch  Belted  Cattle,  Poland-China  and 
Berkshire  Hogs,  Oxford  and  Shropshire  Sheep.     For  sale  list  write  to 

F.  W.  MISH,  Hagerstown,  Hd. 


220 


THE  80UTHEKN  PLANTEB. 


[Mai  ch 


registered.  But  the  sight  of  a  polished 
gray  granite  iron  surface  peeking  craftily 
out  from  the  shelf  behind  the  half-ojien- 
ed  door  of  the  wagon  woulil  prove  too 
strong,  and  her  lips  would  remain  silent 
when  her  heart  was  filled  with  distrust. 
Rags  were  not  destroyed  in  those  days, 
but  were  hoarded  up  in  flour  sacks  in  the 
cellar  from  fall  until  summer,  for  they 
were  legal  tender  bank  notes  of  the  ped- 
ler'a  realm.  But  those  primitive  ti  nes 
have  passed  to  return  no  more.  The  sub- 
urban trolley  car  has  done  its  clearing 
work,  and  the  wood-pulp  process  has 
completed  the  change.  The  red  wagons 
stand  falling  to  pieces  in  forgotten  sheds, 
and  the  bags  have  rotted  away.  The  ped- 
ler's  reign  is  over. — N.  Y.  Tribune. 

HER  PART  IN  THE  PLAY. 

"  I  was  coming  along  New  Jersey  Ave- 
nue the  other  day,"  said  Senator  Dubois, 
? noted  by  the  New  York  'World,"  "  and 
saw  two  little  boys  playing  horse,  as  ] 
thought.  One  boy  was  in  a  small  cart, 
and  the  other  boy  was  drawing  him. 
Trailing  along  behind  the  cart  came  a 
most  disconsolate-looking  little  girl,  a  sis- 
ter of  one  of  the  little  boys."  I  stopped 
the  boys,  whom  I  knew,  and  said  to  one 
of  them,  'Tommy,  what  are  you  playing?" 

"  '  We're  playing  automobile"  replied 
Tommy. 

"  '  I  asked,  '  why  don't  you  let  sister 
play,  too  ?' 

'• '  She  is  playing,'  said  Tommy.  '  She's 
the  gasoline  smell.' " 


THE  GRE.\T  WESTERN  MANURE  SPREADER. 
The  Marvin  Smith  Co.  of  Chicago  has  been  advertising  this  well  known  machine 
in  our  last  fe  v  issues.    They  have  just  gotten  out  a  nice  catalogue  giving  full  particu- 
lars, and  we  hope  many  of  on  r  readers  will  apply  for  it.     It  will  be  sent  free. 

We  are  showing  herewith  a 
small  cut  of  this  Spreader  that 
our  readers  may  have  some 
idea  as  to  its  construction.  It 
has  a  great  many  improve- 
ments this  season,  in  addition 
to  other  special  features.  Its 
Endless  Apron  enables  it  to 
be  always  ready  to  take  on  a 
load.  The  combined  Hood 
and  End  Gate  serves  the  dual 
purpose  of  keeping  manure  from  the  Beater  during  the  process  of  loading  or  in 
starting.  It  acts  as  a  hood  and  shield  while  spreading.  You  had  better  send  to-day 
and  get  a  cataloEue.  


I^ural  Books! 

Every  farmer  should  have  these  books  on  his  fibrary  table. 

They  are  invaluable. 

Feeds  and  Feeding.    Henry,       -       -       -       93  00 

Fertility  of  (he  Iiaud.    Roberts,         •       -  1  35 

Crop  Growing  and  Crop  Feeding.    Massey,   1  00 

All  Cloth  Bound,  Post  Paid. 

Let  us  order  your  magazines  and  other  literature  for  you. 

We  can  furnish  almost  any  periodical  and  save  you  money. 

Get  our  prices. 

THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER,  Richmond,  Va. 


CARDWELL%  EUREKA  and  CENTENNIAL  FERTILIZER  ATTACH- 
MENT are  the  best^  therefore  they  are  the  cheapest. 


^^yvMvwyww»^^»^»^^^^>^^^^^^>^^^v<^^^^^»^^^^^»^^^^ » 


PLANTERS 


They  Plant.. 

BEANS, 

ENSILAGE 

CROPS. 


And  Distribute 

FERTILIZER 

any  distance  apart^ 
r=-^rL   and  any  quantity. 


We    make    THRESHERS^    HORSE    POWERS,    PEANUT    MACHINERY, 
STRAW   CUTTERS   WELL   FIXURES,  and  all  Implements 
formerly  made  by  H.  M.  SMITH  &  CO.  and 
J.  W.  CARDWELL  &  CO. 

THE  CARDWELL  MACHINE  CO.,  =   Richmond,  Va. 


1803.J 


THE  80UTHBEN  PLAlirrBE. 


2;il 


X>OO<>OO0OOOOO<>OO<>OO<I>OO0OO<>0OO0O<>0O0<X>OO<K 


I  Farm  Implements  and  Machinery. 

i  GASH  PRICES  FOR  MARCH,  1903 


ADDRESS 


ASHTON   STARKE, 

RICHMOND,   VIRGINIA. 


i 


DISC  HARROWS  (complete  with  Whiffletrees). 

8  disc— 16  inch 16  50 

10  disc— 16  inch 17  75 

12  disc— 16  inch 19  50 

All  Steel  Lever  Spike  Tooth : 

2  section,  50  t«eth 10  00 

2  section,  60  teeth... H  00 

Spring-Tooth  Harrow,  18  teeth 12  50 

PLOWS. 

1  horse  Syracuse  Chilled 3  50 

Light  2  horse  Syracuse  Chilled 6  60 

Regular  2  horse  Syracuse  Chilled 6  75 

No.  11  Imperial  Chilled,  R.  H  7  50 

No.  10  Oliver  Chilled,  L,  H 5  25 

No.  13  Oliver  Chilled,  R.  &  L 5  50 

No.  10  South  Bend,  R.  H 5  25 

No.  15  South  Bend,  R.  &  L 5  75 

No.  7  Farmer's  Friend 2  75 

No.  8  Farmer's  Friend 2  85 

CORN  SHELLEHS. 

Shenandoah  Valley 5  50 

"  Favorite,"  Giant,  Milwaukee,  Right  Hand..  4  75 

"  Star,"  Right  Hand 5  00 

Left  Hand  Shelters 4  50 

GENUINE  MALTA  SHOVEL  PLOWS. 

Double  Shovel  Plow 2  25 

•'      No.  2 2  00 

•'      No.  3 1  75 

Single  Shovel  Plow,  Genuine 1  70 


FIELD  ROLLERS. 

All  Steel,  30  inches  diameter,  3  sections,  6  ft.. 

CULTIVATORS. 

5  tooth  Steel  Frame 

Cultivator  and  Harrow,  14  teeth 

Disc  Cultivator  on  wheels,  pivot  franc 

Walking  Wheel  Cultivator 

Combined  Riding  and  Walking  Cultivator 


PEED  CUTTERS. 

Smith's  Lever  Cutters 

1  blade  Revolving  Cutter 

Hand  and  Power  Cutter,  with  pulley. 
Bark  Mill,  for  horse  sweep 


25  00 


1  75 

2  50 
28  00 
15  00 
24  50 


2  75 

9  00 

15  00 

25  00 


CORN  PLA.NTERS. 

Single  row,  with  fertilizer 18  00 

Single  row,  without  fertilizer 10  50 

Double  row,  with  fertilzer 38  50 

Double  row,  without  fertilizer 28  00 


WEEDER. 

Keystone  Expanding... 


00 


WHEAT  DRILLS. 

Bickford  &  Huffmann  Disc  Drill,  with  Fertili- 
zer and  Grass  Seeder 66  50 

Hand  Corn  Planters 75 

And  so  we  might  continue  through  our  almost  limit- 
less stock. 


A  Whenever  or  whatever  you  need  in  our  line,  write  to 

I    ASHTON  STARKE,    ■    Richmond,  Va. 

X>OOOOO<>OO<>OOOOOOOO<I>OOOOO0OO0O<>OO<>OOOO»<X 


222 


rHB  BOUTHBBN  PLANTBB. 


[March 


The  following  list  of  papers  and  perlodlcalB 
u«  the  most  popular  ones  In  this  section. 
W«  can  SAVE  YOU  MONEY  on  whatever 
Journal  yoa  wish. 


DAJUB8.  PR.OE         WITH 

AtONI.  PLANTER. 

Tlmes-Dlspatoh.  Richmond,  Va $5  00  $5  00 

The  Post,  Washlneton,  D.  0 6  00     6  00 

The  Sun,  Bnltlmore,  Md 00       40 

N«W8-L.eader,  Richmond,  Va 8  00     S  00 

TRI-WEEKLY. 

me  World  (thrlce-a^week),  N.  Y 1  00  1  28 

WEEKU.ua. 

Harper's  Weekly 4  W  *  O" 

Bazaar 1  00  1  « 

Montgomery  Advertiser 1  00  1  00 

Nashville  American 60  76 

The  Baltimore  Sun 1  00  1  35 

Breeder's  Gazette 2  00  1  76 

Hoard's  Dairyman 1  00  1  36 

Country  Gentleman 1  60  1  75 

Tlmes-Dlspatch,  Richmond,  Va 1  00  1  25 

Beli^ons  Herald,  Richmond,  Va....  2  00  2  25 

Central  Presbyterian,     "          "...  2  00  2  50 

Christian  Advocate,        "          "    ...  1  50  I  76 

Turf,  Field  and  Farm 4  00  4  00 

Spirit  of  the  Times 4  00  4  00 

Horseman 3  00  3  00 

SEMI-MONTHLIES. 

Wool  Markets  and  Sheep 60  76 

Dairy  and  Creamery 5*  7S 

Commercial  Poultry 60  76 

All  three 1  50  1  15 

MONTHLIES. 

North  American  Review 5  00  6  00 

The  Century  Magazine 4  00  4  25 

Bt.  Nicholas           "         3  00  3  25 

Llpplncott'a           "         2  50  2  50 

Harper's                "         4  00  4  00 

Forum                   "        3  00  3  25 

Soribner's             "        3  00  3  26 

Frank  Leslies       "         1  00  1 36 

Cosmopolitan       "        1  00  1  35 

Everybody's         "         1  00  1  35 

Hnnsey                  " 1  OO  1  35 

Strand                   "        1  25  1  66 

MoClure's              "         1  00  1  36 

Argosy                   "         1  00  1  35 

Review  of  Reviews 2  60  2  75 

Lelsnre  Hours 1  00  1  25 

Blooded  Stock 60  60 

Where  yon  desire  to  subscribe  to  two  or  more 
of  the  publications  named,  you  can  arrive  at 
the  net  subscription  price  by  deducting  50 
oents  from  "our  price  with  Ihe  Planter."  If 
yon  desire  to  subscribe  to  any  other  publlca 
tlons  not  listed  here,  write  us  and  we  will 
oheerfnlly  quote  clubbing  or  net  subscription 
rates. 

Subscribers  whose  time  does  not  expire 
until  later  can  Uike  advantage  of  our  club 
rates,  and  have  their  subscription  advanced 
one  year  from  date  of  expiration  of  their 
■nbsoriptlon  to  either  the  Planter  or  any  of 
the  other  publications  mentioned. 

Don't  hesitate  to  write  ns  for  any  informa- 
tion desired ;  we  will  cheerfully  answer  any 
eorreepondenoe. 

We  fomlili  no  tamplt  eopiea  of  other  peri 


Seed  House  of  the  South. 


BCCKWHEAT. 
OATB  and 
CANE  BKED. 

"Whatsoever  One  Soweth,  That  Shall  He  Reap." 

We  sell    strictly   reliable  FIEIiD    AND    GARDEN  SEEDS  at 

eTery  Tariety  at  I^owest  Market  rates,  Inclnded  in  wbicb 

are  RAQIiAND'S  PEDIGREE  TOBACCO  SEEDS. 


_We  ALSO  SELL 


Onr  Own  Brands  of  Fertilizers 

For  Tobacco,  Corn.  Wheat.  Potatoes,  &c. 

Pare  Raw-Bone  Meal,  Nova  Scotia  and  Tireinia  Plaster  an4 

Fertilizing:  Materials  generally. 

Partiea  wiahing  to  purchase  will  find  it  to  their  interest  to  price  our  goocte. 
Samples  sent  by  mail  when  desired. 


Wm.  A.  Miller  &  Son,  0 


lore  Main  street 
LYNCHBURG, VA. 


Headquarters  for 
Nursery  Stock. 


We  make  a  specialty  of  handling  dealers'  orders. 

ALL    STOCK  TRUE   TO    NAME. 


Pecans, 
Chestnuts, 
Walnuts, 
Small  Fruits, 


Apples,  Nectarines, 

Pears,  Cherry, 

Peach,  Quinces, 

Plum,  Almonds, 
Apricots, 

CALIFORNIA  PRIVET,  for  Hedging. 

..AGENTS   WANTED 

FRANKLIN  DAVIS  NURSERY  Co., 

i»CCC<CCOO«CC<ICCOC^€€€«««€€€»^' 


Ornamental  and 
Shade  Trees, 
Evergreens, 
Roses,  Etc. 


1908.  j 


THE  SOUTHESfS  PLaHTEB. 


223 


SHELBURNES 

Is  the  BEST  WAREHOUSE 

in  Richmond,  the  BEST  MARKET  for  all  grades  ot  Tobacco.  It 
la  the  home  of  sun  and  air  cured  Tobacco  and  headquarters  for 
flue-cured  and  shipping  types.  Here  are  located  the  head  offices  and 
stemmeries  of  all  the  large  corporations,  Regie  representatives  and  the 
largest  number  of  independent  factories  and  buyers  in  the  United  States. 

SHELBURNE'S    WAREHOUSE 

Has  the  largest  lighted  space,  insuring  equal  attention  to  every  pile. 
Ample  accommodations  in  every  way  for  all  our  customers. 
Correspondence  solicited. 

SILAS  SHELBURNE  &  SON,  Props.,  12tli  and  Canal  Sts.,  RICHMOND,  VA. 


THE  RiCHMGND  PLUMBING 
AND  MANTEL  CO., 

26  N.  Ninth  Street,  RICHMOND,  VA., 


Has  just  received 
an  entirely  new 
Stock  and  com- 
plete line  of 

STOVES,  RANGES,  FURNACES, 

MANTELS,  GAS  and  ELECTRIC 

FIXTURES,  FILTERS,  TILING  and 

FIRE-PLACE  TRIMMINGS. 

We  are  contractors  for 

PLUMBING,  TINNING,  SHEET-METAL 
WORK  and  ELECTRIC  WIRING. 

Correspondence  Solicited. 
CALL  AND  INSPECT  OUR  SHOW-ROOMS. 


t24 


THE  SOUTHERN  PT.ANTRTR. 


[MATCh 


THE  GENTLEMAN  ON  THE  PLANTATION 


SHOULD    HAVE    AS    MANY    COMFORTS     AND    CON- 
VENIENCES AS  THE  GENTLEMAN  IN  THE  CITY. 


With  a  WIND  MILL  or  GASOLINE  ENGINE  farm 
work  can  be  made  easy  and  at  a  small  cost. 
You  canCUTandGRIXD  FEED,  SAW  WOOD,  THRESH 
GRAIN,  PICK   PEANUTS,  SHELL   CORN,  MAKE  CIDER, 
PDMI-  WATER  FOR  f-TOCK,  and 

LAST  BUT  NOT  LEAST 

PUT  WATER  IN  YOUR  OWN  HOUSE. 


STRATTON  &  BRAGG  CO., 


20  and  22  N.  Sycamore  St.,  PETERSBURG,  VA. 


You  can  have  your  Bath 
Tub,  Water  Closet  and  Hot 
and  Cold  Water  in  your 
own  Home. 

WE   CAN    FIT    YOU    UP 

FROM  START  TO 

FINISH. 

We  have  our  own  compe- 
tent and  skilled  workmen, 
which  we  send  out  to  install 
onr  fixtures. 

NO  DISTANCE  TOO  FAR. 

Let  us  figure  with  you. 


IVANHOE  POULTRY  YARDS ^-^ 


Breeders  of 


«^ 


Exhibition  Barred 
Plymouth  Rocks 


ENGLISH  CARRIERS  AND  HOMING  PIGEONS. 

For  Information,  address 

Ivanhoe  Poultry  Yards,  Box  258,  Richmond,  va. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PIiAJirrBB. 


236 


LABOR-SAVING  IMPLEMENTS  AND  MACHINERY. 

OADU  Dl  ABITCDC  '^^^  HOOSIER,  both  single  and  double  row,  with 
uUKIl  iL  All  I  bllWi  and  without  fertilizer  attachment.  The  SPANGLER 
for  Corn,  Peas  and  Sorghum. 

Olll  Tllf  ATnDQ  PLANET  Jr.  and 
UULI  Iff  AlUllOi  IRON  AGE  Culti- 
vators and  Horse  Hoes.  CONTINENTAL  Disc 
Com  Planter.  Cultivators  and  Harrows,  the  best  in  the  world. 

Spring  tooth  attachments  for  Cultivator.    RODERICK  LEAN  steel  lever  harrows  for 

one,  two  and  three  three  horses. 


PEERLESS  ENGINES. 

The  FISH,  The  WEBER  and  The  CHAMPION  Wagons  miM 

IN  ALL  SIZES. 

General  agency  for  the  Columbus  Buggy  Co.,  Col- 
umbus, Ohio.  A.  Wrenn  &  Sons,  Norfolk,  Va.,  and 
other  celebrated  makers  of  vehicles.  All  grades  in 
stock. 

Harness,  Robes  and  Whips,  Pittsburg  Per- 
fect Wire  Fencing,  welded  by  electricity.  Circular 
for  the  asking,     Correspondence  solicited. 

THE  WATT  PLOW  CO.^  \tll  I  KVirsTRElT^  Richmond,  Va. 


226 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


[March 


JUST  FOR  FUN. 

Auntie  (finding  Jackie  sobbing  in  a 
corner) :  "  Why,  Jackie,  what  has  hap- 
pened to  make  you  feel  so  badly  this 
morning? 

Jackie:  M — ma  m— issed  some  jelly. 

Auntie:  IIo,  ho!  I  see.  And  her  sus- 
picion fe!l  upon  yon,  eh? 

Jackie:  No,  auntie:  it  was  her  slipper. 

New  Boarder  (at  winter  resort). — Do 
you  call  this  bleak,  forsaken  place  crowd- 
ed? I  thought  that  you  advertised  that 
there  was  a  perfect  host  here  every  win- 
ter? 

Landlord  (blandly).— Yes,  indeed ;  I 
am  the  perfect  host,  and  my  wife  is  a  per- 
fect hostess. 

A  TOAST.    ' 
A  Toast  to  those  who  come  to  grace, 

This  day  our  boird. 
And,  with  the  cheer  of  smiling  face, 

to  share  our  hoard  ! 

They   are  our   friends,  and   friends   are 
sent — 

O  plan  benign  ! — 
To  ^^e  the  home's  best  ornament, 

Heav'n  spare  me  mine ! 

And  may  our  larder  e'er  contain 

Of  meat  and  drink 
Enough  to  forge  for  friendship's  chain 

Another  link  !      — Columbus  Dispatch. 

A  Neat  BINDER  for  your  hack  nam- 
hars  can  be  had  for  25  cents.     Addresp 


J*    THE    J» 


SEABOARD 

AIR  LINE  RAILWAY 


OrPERS 

PROFITABLE 

INVESTMEMTS 

TO- 


m& 


THE  MANUFACTURER, 
THE  STOCK  RAISER, 
THE  DAIRYMAN, 
THE  FRUIT  GROWER, 
THE  TRUCKER. 

WHERE  TOUR  LABOR  IS  NOT  IN  VAIN. 

Would  a  country  where  work  can  be  carried  on  the  entire  year  and  where  larga 
profits  can  l)e  realized  interest  you? 

The  SEABOARD  Air  Line  Railway  traverses  six  Southern  States  and  a  regioa 
of  this  character  One  two  cent  stamp  will  bring  handsome  illustrated  literatnre 
descriptive  of  the  sectiou. 

J.  B.  WHITE,  EDW.  P.  COST,  CHARLES  B.  RYAN, 

Gen.  Indastrial  Aj;t.,  Portsinonth,  Va.     TraflBc  Mgr.       Gen.  Pass.  Ag.,  Portsmouth,  V». 


I    FF^S  PREPARED  ACmCULTURAL  L|^|E 

'  "•  ^"  i  I  UlN  When  used  on  land  with  a  fair  amount  of  vegetation  or  with  COMPOST  (which  is  better  the 
crops  are  as  good  as  from  any  Fertilizer.  It  prevents  RTJSr  and  SHEDDING  and  keeps  the  plants  green  much 
longer  in  dry  weather. 

PEANUTS  With  the  same  conditions  as  above,  it  is  a  COMPLETE  FERTILIZER  for  this  CROP.  Our 
customers  say  it  is  equal  to  the  BEST  FERTILIZERS  ON  THE  MARKET. 

"'^■»'*  nC/\V  Y  I  UD/aCCO  Haul  odt  your  farm  pen  scrapings,  plow  under  and  broadcast  500  to  600 
ll>s.  per  acre  (the  earlier  the  better),  and  you  will  get  a  heavy  crop  of  Tobacco  and  a  fine  crop  of  Wheat  and 
(lover  or  other  grass,  and  by  proper  rotation  will  have  a  rich  lot  for  any  crop. 

UKIUti  I  I  UD/\LCO  Our  customers  say  that  200  lbs.  per  acre  in  the  drill  with  other  Fertilizer  will  prevent 
the  I'obacco  from  FIRING  and  giving  it  a  GOOD  BODY  and  increase  its  value  $20  per  acre  For  Wheat,  Oats, 
Clover  and  other  grass  it  is  exceptionally  good. 

It  prevents  RUST.  SCAB  and  SMUT  in  WHEAT  and  and  all  say  it  is  the  best  thing  for  clover  they  ever  used.  Fruit 
Growers  will  find  a  WONDERFUL  IMPROVEMENT  by  it  use  on  their  Orchards  and  Vineyards. 

Our  EXCELSIOR  TOBACCO  FERTILIZER 

Has  been  tested  for  six  years  and  has  proved  equal  to  and  in  some  cases  superior  to  the  high-grade  ammoniated 
goods  on  the  market.  We  put  in  no  useless  filler  and  t  he  farmer  gets  the  2000  lbs.  to  the  ton  of  valuable  fertilizer 
for  the  crops  and  I'HE  LAND.  Hence  they  say  their  succeeding  crops  are  much  better  than  from  other  fertilizers 

UUr  orfcCIAL  CORN  FERTILIZER  For  land  where  there  is  not  an  abundance  of  vegetation  is  equal  to  any. 

,  li^General  agents  for  BLACK  DEATH  BUG  KI1.L,ER  for  destroying  Potato  Bugs,  T^obacco  Worms, 
and  all  insects  injurious  to  vegetation;  and  Sifters  and  Insecticide  distributors  for  applying  it. 

PliAIX  SHELL  LIME  No.  1  WOOD-BURNT  LISIE 

Constantly  on  hand  at  lowest  prices.  In  car  lots  at  lowest  market  price  from  kilns- 

WRITE  FOR  CIRCULARS.  A..    S.   X^EE    ^C    SOW,  RXCHSaOND.  VA. 


1903.] 


THE  80UTHEBN  PLAHTBK. 


227 


A    C.  SINTON,  President. 


J.  J.  SUTTON,  Secretary. 


THE  WATT  PLOW  CO., 

HACHINERY,  FARH   inPLEMENTS,  VEHICLES 
^:^-^and  HARNESS. .-^^ 

1452  Franklin  Street,  1404  East  Main  Street,         RICHHOND,  VIRGINIA. 


TO  OUR  FRIENDS  AND  PATRONS:— 

We  have  just  contracted  for  a  large  supply,  during  the  entire  season,  of  a  stan- 
dard fertilizer,  adapted  to  all  the  crops  raised  in  Virginia,  and  we  are  prepared  to 
supply  our  customers  direct  from  our  warehouse,  corner  Fifteenth 
and  Franklin  Sts.,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices  and  upon  favorable 
terms.  We  call  special  attention  to  the  "  OWL "  Brand  Guano, 
prepared  especially  for  Trucks,  Tobacco,  Corn,  Etc. 

Correspondence  solicited,  and  we  will  cheerfully  quote  prices 
and  furnish  analyses  upon  application. 

THE  WATT  PLOW  CO.,  Richmond,  Va. 


THE  TRAP  HAS  BEEN  SET,  BUT  THE  FARMERS  "ARE  ON  TO  IT." 

..fc-^/A/  /903— — a. 


THEY  ARE 
GOINQ  TO  BUY 


THE  WALTER  A.  WOOD  MACHINES. 


WHY? 

Because  it  is  the  Best  fla- 

chine  Hade. 
Because    it    Belongs   to  no 

Combination. 
Because    its    Repairs    Cost 

Less. 


The  Wood  Binders,  Reapers, 

^  Steel  Hay  Rakes,  Tedders, 

??5!^^      Corn    Harvesters,   Knife 

Grinders  the  world  knows 

and  the  world  endorses. 


SEND  FOR  SPECIAL  CATALOGUE. 


WALTER  A.  WOOD  MOWING  and  REAPING  MACHINE  CO.,  Richmond,  Va. 


328 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEB. 


[March 


NO  TROUBLE  TO  HELP  SEARCH. 

A  woman  stopped  at  a  cloth-counter  in 
one  of  the  large  department-stores  rei'ent- 
ly,  and  asked  to  be  shown  some  dress- 
patterns  suitable  for  early  autumn  wear. 
The  salesman  began  on  the  lowest  row 
of  shelved  compartmenta.  and  pulled  out 
and  opened  box  after  bjx  until  the  count' 
er  on  either  side  of  him  waq  piled  as  high 
as  his  head  with  goods.  Three  times  he 
climbed  a  la  Ider  to  the  upper  rows  and 
staggered  down  under  a  weight  of  boxes 
of  pa  terns  until,  when  the  woman  took 
a  survey  of  the  shelves,  but  two  patterns 
remained  unopened.  Then  she  said,  very 
sweetly,  "I  don't  think  I'll  buy  any  to- 
day. I'm  sorry  to  have  troubled  you,  but 
you  see  I  only  came  in  to  look  for  a 
friend." 

"  No  trouble  whatever,  madam,"  he  re- 
plied, politely.  "  Indeed,  if  you  think 
your  friend  is  in  either  of  the  remaining 
two  boxes,  I  don't  mind  opening  them 
too." — Philadelphia  Times. 


WHAT  HE  WAS  DOING. 

Mother—"  You  naughty  boy  !  You've 
been  fighting  " 

Little  son—"  No,  mother." 

Mother— "How  did  your  cloth-s  get 
torn  and  your  face  get  scratched  7" 

Little  son — "I  was  trying  to  keep  a 
naughty  boy  from  hurting  a  good  little 
boy." 

Mother—"  That  was  noble.  Who  was 
the  good  little  boy  ?" 

Little  son—"  Me."— Pittsburg  Bulletin. 


The  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway 

EXTENDING  FROM  CINCINNATI  AND  LOUISVILLE,  AND 
THROUGH  ITS  CONNECTIONS^..^ 

THE  BIG  FOUR  SYSTEM,  from  Chicago,  St.  LouiB,  Peoria,   Indianapolis, 
Sandusky  and  Cleveland ; 

THE  OHIO  CENTRAL  LINES,  from  Toledo  and  Columbus  j 

THE  CINCINNATI,  HAMILTON  &  DAYTON,  from  Detroit,  Toledo,  Uxom 
and  Dayton — 

FORMS  THE  MOST  DIRECT  ^"iJ'.r.Ei'aiTcl:.^'  ROUTE. 

To  STAUNTON,  LYNCHBUBQ,  CHAELOTTESVILLB, 
RICHMOND,  PETEBSBUBQ,  NOBFOLK, 
And  Principal  Virginia  Points. 

H.  W.  FULLER,  Gen.  Pass.  Agt.  C.  &  O.  Ry.,  Washington,  D.  0. 


When  corresponding  with  advertisers,  always  mention  that  you 
saw  their  advertisement  in  the  Southern  Planter. 


WAGONS  and  BUGGIES 

MADE 

RIGHT  HERE 

AT    HOME 

The  BAI^BOUR  BUGGY  CO., 
The  HUGHES  BUGGY  CO., 
The  VIRGINIA  WAGON  CO. 

These  vehicles  are  gjaranteed  to  be  as  good  as  can  be  bought  elsewhere  ;  material  and  workman- 
ship unsurpassed  ;  all  sizes  and  styles,  prices  low.  We  can  save  you  time,  money  and  freight  by 
purchasing  our  vehicles.  Send  for  our  illustrated  catalogues.  Drop  in  our  warehouse  and  inspect  our 
stoci<.     Inquiries  cheerfully  answered. 

RICHMOND  BUGGY  &  WAGON  CO.,  1433  E.  Main  Street,  RICHMOND,  VA. 

J.  T.  CUNN.  Manager. 


AH  of  Virginia. 


1903  J 


THE  SOTJTBLBEH  PLAJSTTEB. 


229 


If  You  Want 


YOUR  GOOSE  TO  LAY 
"THAT  GOLDEN  EGG" 


FEED  HER  PROPERLY. 

I  mean  buy  your  supplies  right.  You  should  lay  aside  a  few  Gold  Pieces 
yourself,  you  might  ask  how  it  can  be  done— easy,  dead  easy— stop  paying 
high,  country  prices.  The  mail  comes  to  your  home  six  times  a  week,  I  can 
get  a  letter  from  you  every  day. 

GET  MY  PRICES,  I  WILL  BE  GLAD  TO  MAIL  YOU  OR  YOUR  FRIENDS 

MY  PRICES  EVERY  NIGHT. 

The  railroads  almost  pass  your  house.  Uncle  Sam  spends  millions  yearly 
to  give  you  mail  and  railroad  accomodations.  You  need  not  come  to  town, 
let  Uncle  Sam  do  your  shopping.  He  can  knock  the  spots  out  of  you  in 
buying— just  try  him.  No  matter  how  small  your  order  I  will  be  glad  to  have 
it  and  ship  promptly.    Here  is  what  your  groceries  will  cost  you 

z^-^JUST  ONE-HALF  WHAT  YOU  ARE  NOW  PAYING.^^s^. 


Arbuckle'e  Green  Coffee 9i 

€lranulated  Sugar 4| 

Best  Family  Flour 4  25 

Byrd  Island — have  no  other. 

10,000  lbs.  Nice  Family  Pork 9 

7  Boxes  Axle  Grease 25 

800  Bbls.  White  Oil 12 

1,000  Bushels  Seed  Rye 68 

600  Tons  Fine  Timothy   Hay,  hun- 
dred        75 

300  Tons  Choice  Clover  Hay,  hun- 
dred        70 

10  Large  Cakes  Fancy  Soap 25 

C  r  y  8  ta  1    Washing    Soda,    Light, 
S  m  o  ot  h,   and    Durable,  makes 

Washing  Easy 30 

Washing  Powders,  8  for 25 

Fine  Gun  Powder  Tea 40 

Ben  Mocha  and  Java  Coffee  Roasted      18 
Large  Fat  Mackerel  in  Nice  Buck- 
ets or  Kits,  about  15  Iba 1  25 

New  River  Herrings,  750  fish  m  the 

barrel.  Large  and  Fat. 5  50 

New  Cut  Herrings,  barrel 5  50 

Finest  Cream  Cheese 15 

Baker's  Chocolate — 2  Cakes 25 

New  Table  Raisins— 6  Lbs 60 

Fine  French  Candy 8 

Pure  Lard 9J 

610  Tons  Pure  City  Made  Shipstuff, 
hundred 1  00 


Cotton-Seed  Meal,  Nothing  Finer. 

510  Tons  Cotton-Seed  Hulls— an  ex- 
cellent Winter  Food,  Cheap  and 

Nutritious,  per  hundred 50 

This  is  as  good  as  Coarse  Meal  for 

60,000  lbs.  Rock  Salt  for  Stock— try 
a  bag,  keep  it  in  the  Trough,  im- 
proves Stock  very  much,  $1.00  for 
100  lbs. 

Chalmer's  Gelatine,  3  for 25 

Seedless  Raisins  in  Packages 9 

Cleaned  Currants,  per  lb 8 

New  Citron  for  Fruit  Cake 12 

Home  Made  Mince  Meat 8 

100,000  lbs.  New  Mixed  Nuts 11 

Virginia  Hams,  Choicest  of  Meat.  I 
have  a  Nice  Lot  of  Hams  Made 

in  Smithfield,  Va 14 

Fine  Sweet  Cider,  per  gallon 20 

Home-Made  Black  Berry  Brandy,  5 
years  old  and  nice. 

Family  Tonic,  quart 20 

Northampton  Aople  Brandy,  6  years 
old— pare — Apple  Juice — nothing 

finer  made— gallon 2     00 

Clemmer's  Fine  Old  Mountain  Rye 
Whiskey,  double  distilled,  sweet 

and  wholesome,  quart 40 

Juniper  Gin,  sure  cure  for  bladder 
and  kidney  troubles ;  relieves  the 
cutting,  stinging  ache  in  your  back, 
quart 45 


Gibson's  Fine  Old  Rye  Whiskey ;  fit 
for  a  king,  get  a  quart 78 

O'Grady's  Pure  Malt.  Try  a  bottle 
of  Malt  for  that  hacking  cough.  It 
is  a  sure  cure.  It  is  good  for  dys- 
pepsia. Indigestion  it  cures  at 
sight.  Warms  the  inner  man ; 
makes  new  rich  blood,  and  stimu- 
lates the  whole  system.  It  has 
saved  many  and  many  a  man  and 
his  family.  75  a  quart.  The  price 
is  insignificant  compared  to  the 
benefit  it  will  do  you. 

Country  Cured  Bacon  Sides 18* 

100,000  bushels   finest  Oats 40 

60,000  bushels  fine  Corn 66 

Water  ground  Com  Meal,  made  of 
the  finest  Whit« Corn, and  ground 
by  one  of  the  finest  mills  in  Vir- 
ginia.   Bushel 72 

I  have  everything  that  is  required 
by  a  farmer  from  a  1.000  acre  farm 
to  a  rriouse  trap.  Write  for  my 
price  list  that  will  give  you  more 
information  than  a  gossiping 
woman. 

Clover  Seed,  prime  Crimson  Clover 
Seed 2  90 

Choice  Crimson  New-Ciop  Clover 
Seed „ 4  25 

Fine  Winter  Turf  Oats  (seed) 78 

Prime  Winter  Seed  Oats 60 


I  have  an  immese  stock  of  NEW  YEARS'  GOODS^  CAKES^  CANDIES. 
FRUITS  of  all  kinds^  and  I  will  ship  any  quantity  required. 

D.  O'SULLIVAN,  Eighteenth  and  Main  Sts.,  Richmond,  Va. 


230 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAJrTEE. 


[March 


NO  WONDER  THE  CHILD  OBJECTED 

A  New  York  Professor  had  a  wife  and 
family,  but,  profeesor-like,  hia  tbongbts 
■were  mostly  with  his  books.  One  even- 
ing his  wife  returned  home  from  late  af- 
ternoon visits  to  find  the  house  sirangely 
quiet.  Nowhere  were  the  children  to  be 
seen.  She  demanded  of  the  man  of  books 
what  be  had  done  with  the  youngsters. 
The  Professor  explained  that  they  l>ad 
become  rather  noisv,  and  so,  without 
calling  the  maid,  he  had  stuffed  them 
into  bed. 

"  I  hope  they  haven't  given  you  much 
trouble,"  Mrs. 'P^ofe8.^or  said. 

"Oh,  no,"  said  the  Professor.  "With 
the  exception  of  the  one  in  the  cot  over 
there,  perhaps.  He  objected  a  good  deal 
to  my  undressing  him  and  putting  him  to 
bed."' 

Mrs.  Profe.=eor  went  to  inspect  the  cot. 

"  Why,"  she  cried,  "  that's  little  Fred- 
die Jones  from  next  door."— r/i«  World's 
Event*. 

"  I  suppose,"  said  the  physician,  smil 
ing  and  trying  to  appear  witty,  while 
feeling  the  pulse  of  a  lady  patient,"  "  I 
suppose  you  consider  me  an  old   hum- 

"  Why,  doctor,"  replied  the  lady.  "  I 
had  no  idea  vou  could  ascertain  a  wo- 
man's thougats  by  merely  feeling  her 
pulse." 

A  NEAT  BINDEB,  for  your  back 
numbers  can  be  bad  for  25  cents.  Ad- 
dress the  Business  Office. 


Seeds!    Seeds  I     Seeds ! 

We  sell  the  BEST  Seeds  for  this  section.  Our  long  expe- 
rience and  study  of  the  farmer's  needs  and  the  climatic  and 
soil  conditions  enables  us  to  make  this  statement. 

Have  you  seen  our  NEW  SEED  BOOK  for  1903.?     If  not, 
send  for  a  copy  to-day.    It  is  well  worth  your  while  to  do  so. 

T.  W.  WOOD  <&  SONS, 

SEEDSMEN.  RICHMOND.  VA. 


Established  by  GEO.  WATP,  1840. 


MANFBED  CALL.  General  Manager. 


THE  CALL- WATT  CO. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Crown,  Crescent  and  Watt  Plows, 

AND   REPAIRS   FOR    PLOWS    IN    GENERAL    USE. 

Dealers  in  AGRICULTURAL  IMPLEMENTS,  MACHINERY  &  VEHICLES, 

Ho.  13  S.  Fifteenth  Street,  Between  Main  and  Gary  Streets,    •    RICHMOND,  VA. 


REPAIRS  for  all  the  plows  in  general  use. 

CORN  PLANTERS  with  and  without  Fertiliier  Attach- 

tachment. 
CULTIVATORS— Iron  Age  pattern.  Disc,   Riding  and 

Walking  Shovel  Cultivators. 
HARROWS— Iron  Age,  All-Steel  Lever,  Solid  and  Cut- 

Out  Disc. 
FIELD    ROLLERS— Steel  or  Wood,  Two  and  Three 

Section. 


FODDER    AND    ENSILAGE   CUTTERS.    FEED 

MILLS,  CORN  SHELLERS. 
HORSE    POWERS,   COMBINED   FEED   MILLS 

AND  POWERS. 
ENGINES,  THRESHERS,  SAW  MILLS,  RAKES 

MOWERS. 
FARM  AND  FREIGHT  WAGONS,  aU  sizes. 
BUGGIES,     SURREYS,      DAYTON     WAGONS, 

ROAD  CARTS. 


Implements,  Machinery  and  Vehicles  for  all  Purposes. 


»&- WRITE    FOR    PRICES. -m 


1903.1 


THE  SOUIKERN  PLAJSTBB 


231 


BOILING  IT  DOWN. 

An  amusing  story  is  told  of  the  editor 
of  a  go-ahead  London  evening  newspaper 
who  in  the  eternal  rushing  to  press  to  get 
ahead  of  the  opposition  was  constantly 
impressing  upon  his  reporters  the  nfces 
aity  for  conden^iug  all  news 

A.  terrific  boiler  explosion  had  taken 
place  on  board  a  big  ship  lying  at  Ports- 
mouth. 

'■  Get  down  there  as  hard  aa  you  can," 
he  said  to  one  of  his  men.  "  If  you  catch 
the  eleven-fortv  from  London  Bridge 
you'll  be  there  eoon  after  two.  and  can 
just  wire  us  something  for  the  fifth  edi- 
tion ;  but  boil  it  down." 

And  the  reporter  went.  Soon  after 
three  o'clock  that  afternoon  they  got  a 
wire  from  him ; 

•"Terrific  explosion.  Man-o'-war.  Boiler 
empty.  Engineer  fuil.  Funeral  to-mor- 
row."— London  Tit-Bits. 

KNEW  HIS  BUSINESS. 

If  I  were  the  mayor,"  remarked  the 
Btranger  who  had  attended  a  meeting  of 
the  city  council,  "  I  wouldn't  permit  the 
aldermen  to  waste  so  much  time  in  use- 
less wrangling  over  trivial  matters." 

"  The  mayor  knows  what  he  is  about," 
replied  the  citizen.  "  When  they're 
wrangling  they're  not  doing  any  mis- 
chief."— Chicago  Tribune. 

"Of  course,  John  Is  a  thoroughly  Eng- 
lish name." 

"Oh  1  I  don't  know." 

"O,  but  it  is.  The  'h,'  you'll  notice,  isn't 
sounded  at  all." 


MORPHINE, 

OPIUM,  WHmHliDUl 
DRUG  HteilS 

Cured  Without  Pain  at  Your  Home. 

THE  BEST  OF  SANATORIUM  FACILITIES 
IF  DESIRED. 

If  you  are  addicted  to  these  habits  you 
can  be  cured  and  restored  to  your  former 
health  and  vigor  without  paia  or  the  loss 
of  an  hour  from  your  business  at  a 
moderate  cost.  The  medicine  builds  up 
your  health,  restores  your  nervous  system 
to  its  normal  condition;  you  feel  like  a 
different  person  from  the  beginning  of 
treatment,  LEAVING  OFF  THE 
OPIATES  AFTER  THE  FIRST  DOSE. 
You  will  soon  be  convinced  and  fully 
satisfied  in  your  own  mind  that  you  will 
be  cured. 

Mr.  T.  M.  Brown,  of  DeQueen,  Ark., 
says :  "  Over  seven  years  ago  I  was  curf  d 
of  the  opium  habit  by  your  medicine, 
and  have  continued  in  the  very  best  of 
health  since." 

Dr.  W.  M.  Tunstall.of  Lovingston,  Va., 
says :  "  I  am  glad  to  say  that  I  firmly 
believe  that  I  am  entirely  and  perma- 
nently cured  of  the  Drink  Habit,  as  I 


have  never  evea  fo  much  as  wanted  a 
drink  in  any  form  since  I  took  your 
eradicator,  now  eighteen  months  ago.  It 
was  the  beat  Dollars  I  ever  invested." 

Mrs.  Virginia  Townsend,  of  Shreve- 
port.  La.,  writes:  "No  more  opium.  I 
have  taken  no  other  remedy  than  yours 
and  I  make  no  mistake  when  I  say  that 
my  health  is  better  now  than  it  ever  was 
in  my  life,  and  I  owe  it  to  you  and  your 
remedy.  It  l^as  been  twelve  years  since 
I  was  cured  by  your  treatment." 

For  full  pan iculars,  address  Dr.  B.  M. 
Woolley,  201  Lowndes  Bldg  ,  Atlanta,  Ga! 

There  are  many  times  during  the  year 
when  you  can  probably  do  your  neighbor 
or  friend  a  good  turn.  Perhaps  he  wants 
something  new  for  the  farm;  perhaps  the 
wife  or  daughter  wants  something  new 
in  her  department.  If  she  does  not  know 
just  where  to  buy  it.  recommend  that  she 
look  through  our  paper  and  puiehaee 
from  its  adverti-ers.  In  this  way  you 
will  be  doing  the  editor  a  great  favor,  and 
that  favor  will  be  returned  to  you  many 
times  over  in  the  addition  of  new  and 
interesting  features  to  the  paper.  Always 
mention  the  paper  when  writing  adverti- 
sers ;  note  our  guarantee  on  this  page. 

A  SAFE  HATCH. 

When  40  per-cent.  of  the  eggs  used 
brings  chicks  to  maturity,  they  are  called 
safe  hatches  by  a  large  and  sui'cessfnl 
poultryman,  who  runs  several  incubators 
and  keeps  a  record  of  hatches  and  broods. 


AINSLIE  CARRIAGE  CO., 

Nos.  8, 10  and  12  Tenth  St.,  RIOHMOND,  VA. 

Building  Carriages  to  order  is  our  special  business. 
Repairing  and  Repainting  done,  and  best  material  used. 
A  full  line  of  all  the  latest  styles.  Orders  for  all 
classes  of  Vehicles  solicited. 


1903.     INTHESTUD  AT  LAURELHILLFARM.     1903. 
THE  FINE  HACKNEY  STALLION 

*    HEIDRIK   -f 

Bay  horse,  foaled  1898  ;  16  hands  high.     This  horse 

has  great  natural  action,  and  is  capable  of  getting 

the  highest  class  harness  horses. 

FEE,  $10  00  the  Season  or  $15  00  to  Insure. 

Address  C.  F.  &  J.  BUTTON,  Walker's  Ford,  Va. 


Stallions  at  SpringGarden 

The  Property  of  Mr.  ROBERT  TAIT. 

Burlingame,  262,3.5,  record  2:18},  bay  horse,  by  Guy  Wilkes, 
2:15},  dam  the  famous  brood  mare  Sable,  by  The  Moor.  This 
horse  is  richly  bred,  a  prize  winner  at  the  New  York  Horse 
Show,  and  sires  grand  looking  colts.     Fee  $25  toe  season. 

Ed.  Kearney,  chestnut  horse,  bv  Tom  Ochiltree,  dam  Medusa, 
by  Sensation.  A  grand  looking  specimen  of  the  thoroughbred, 
and  will  sire  not  only  race  horses,  but  hunters  and  jumpers  of 
the  highest  class.    Fee,  $10  the  season. 

Address         SPRING  GARDEN  FARM,  Goolwell  P.  0.,  Va. 


I903.  IN  THE  STUD  I903. 

WEALTH^  29579. 

RACE  RECORD,  2:17},  Pacing. 

Timed  separately  in  2:08  in  a  race  at  Indiana 

State  Fair,  1902. 

Bay  horse,  foaled  1897;   16  hands  high,  weight.  1  200  lbs 

Sired  bv  Gambetta  Wilkes,  2:19},  dam  Magaoha,  by  Norfolk" 

3b70.     Wealth  is  grand  individually  and  in  appearance.  * 

FEE,  $20  the  Season  with  return  privilege,  cr  $25  to  insure. 
Address S.  F.  CHAPMAN,  Gordonsvlile,  Va. 


ORB  A  TSTA  KBS,  2552 1 . 

RACE  RECORD,  2:20,  Trotting. 

Bay  horse,  by  Billy  Thornhill,  2:24,  dam  Sweetstakes 
by  Sweep  Stakes,  298.    Great  Stakes  has  sired  Cap- 
tain, 2:16};  Foxhall,  2:i9f,  and  four  others  in  the  list. 
FEE,  $25.00  for  the  Season  of  1903. 

W.  H.  NELSON.    -    1417  E.  Franklin  St,  Riohmond,  Va. 


Pedigrees  traced  and  tabulated.    Catalogues  compiled  and  cir- 
culars prepared.     Special  attention    given    registration 
matters  pertaining  to  thoroughbred  and  trotting  horses 

..BY.. 

"W".  J.  CA.RT£:r  (Broad  Rock), 

p.  O.  Box  929,  RICHnONO.  VA 

Etepresentlng  the 

The  Times-Dispatch,  Richmond,  Va. 
SOOTHEKN  Planter,  Richmond,  Va. 
Sports  of  the  Times.  New  York. 
KENTncKT  .Stock  Farm.  Lexington.  Ky, 
Brebdeb  and  Sportsman,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


232 


THE  BOUTHEKN  PLAISTBB. 


[Maich 


Latest  Improved  FARM  IMPLEMENTS. 


iRONRor'^' 


Aspinwall  Potato  Planter. 

Auloraarlo,  Accurate  aurt  Reliable.  Used 
by  thousands  of  practlPAl  growers  the  world 
over.  Over  twenty  years  on  the  market. 
Don't  be  fooled  by  Imitations  and  make-khlfts, 
but  write  for  attractive  lllustraleil  catalogue. 


Steel  Lever  Harrows. 

Wood  Harrows— All  sizes. 
Disc  Harrows— All  sizes. 
Spring  Tooth  Harrows- AH  sizes. 
Acme  Harrows— All  sizes. 
Harrows  or  all  styles  kept  in  stock  at  low- 
est net  prices. 


I9.S.B. 


Special  prices  given  on  Studebaker  and 
Brown  Wagons,  Buggies  and  Carte.    Be^cnt  Disc  Cultivator,  with  6  or  8  Disc. 

Built  entirely  of  steel,  steel  forglngsand  raall©* 
_       ,    ,     ,        _         ,  11     »   i_«    e>,,.j.    ablelroii.    The  most  Blinple  and  easiest  adju8t«d 

Studebaker  Buegles,  all  styles,  btuae-  cultivator  on  tne  market  to-day.    Write  for  cli^ 
b.ker  Carriages.  Studebaker  Carts,    cularsand  le.umonlals. 

Studebaker  Runabouts.  Tlie  SCIENTIFIC  Grinding  Mills. 

Tlie  Improved  Foos  Qas  and 
Buclceye  Force  Pumps.     Porcelained  Qasolene  Engines. 

Wood  Pumps.     Wood  and  Steel 
Wind  Mills. 

ELI  BALING  PRESSES. 

6$  styles  and  sizes.    For  horseor  steam 

power. 

Write  for  prices  and  satalogues. 


Frick  and  Aultmen  and  Taylor  Engines, 
Saw  Mills  and  Tlireshers. 


DON'T  FORGET '..n^r::^^ 

to  sell  Oliver  Plow.s  and  Repairs  only  sell  the 
Imitation,  Bogus,  Cheap  Goods.  The  only 
place  In  Richmond,  Va.,  to  buy  Genuine  Oli- 
ver Plows  and  Repairs  Is  at  1436  and  1438  Bast 
Main  Street. 


r^^'^"a-<^^^"'" 


One  and  Two-Horse  Planter,  Plain  or 
witli  Fertilizer  Attachment. 


Cahoon  Seed  Sower. 
Michigan  Wheelbarrow  Sower. 

Three  sizes. 

CUHBERLAND  VALLEY  CORN 

SHELLERS, 

jj^i    One  and  Two  Hole. 

The  frame  is  made  of  thoroughly 
dry  hard  wood.  Thejolnta  mortised, 
tenoned  andbolled.  The  bearings  are 
bolted  on  to  the  frame  Instead  of 
screwed.  The  Iron  work  Is  made  from 
the  very  best  material,  and  ever  piece 
Is  carefully  inspected  before  being  put 
on.  This  machine  Is  high-grade  all 
the  way  through.  It  is  handsomely 
painted,  striped  and  varnished. 

Vyrlte  forspecial   catalogue  and 

price  on  any  Implements 

wanted. 

Superior  Grain  and  Fertilizer 
Drills.    Hoe  and  Disc. 


Kemp's  Improved  Manure  Spreader, 
Three  sizes. 


>  Bement"  Improved  Duplex  Tooth  Weeders. 

Write  for  circulars  and  prices. 


HENING  &  NUCKOLS,cHVs?rH°iSI{|R.  1436-31  [.Main Street 


.HI. 


The  Southern  Planter. 


aeVOTED  TO 


PRACTICAL   AND    PROGRESSIVE  AGRICULTURE,   HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING,    LIVE   STOCK    AND    THE    FIRESIDE. 


Agriculture  la  the  nursing  mother  of  the  Art^.—XENOPMON. 
Tillage  and  pasturage  are  the  two  breasts  of  the  State.--SULLV. 


d4th  Year. 


Richmond,  April,  1903. 


No    4. 


Farm   Management. 


WORK  FOR  THE  flONTH. 

The  month  of  March  has  given  us  a  most  welcome 
change  in  the  weather  conditions  over  the  Southern 
States.  Up  to  the  3d-  of  February,  whilst  we  had  only 
very  little  severely  cold  weather,  we  had  almost  con- 
tinuous rains,  and  February  itself  was,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  years  1897  and  1899,  the  wettest  February 
we  have  had  since  the  records  were  kept,  giving  a 
record  of  4.97  inches  for  this  State.  The  month  of 
March  up  to  this  writing  (20th)  has  been  spring-like 
and  genial — indeed,  in  many  sections,  has  been  warmer 
than  could  have  been  wished,  and  unless  we  are  to  have 
a  continuance  of  such  weather,  is  likely  to  cause  pre- 
mature blooming  of  fruit  trees,  with  consequent  great 
risk  of  loss  of  crops.  The  warmth  of  the  weather,  with 
the  abundance  of  moisture  in  the  soil,  has  caused  vege- 
tation to  make  a  rapid  advance,  and  wheat,  oats,  grass 
and  clover  are,  generally,  looking  and  promising  well. 
We  have  heard  little  complaint  of  winter  killing  of  the 
wheat  and  oat  plant,  but  some  complaint  of  damage 
by  fly  in  some  sections.  The  continuous  rain  of  Febru- 
ary caused  some  delay  in  the  sowing  of  tobacco  plant 
beds,  but  with  the  warmth  of  this  month  this  seed, 
when  sown,  will  germinate  quickly,  and  probably  no 
harm  has  been  done  to  the  prospects  of  the  crop.  We 
may,  we  think,  with  confidence  assert  that  we  enter 
upon  the  crop  season  with  good  prospects.  The  only 
drawback  would  seem  to  be  that  plowing  of  the  land 


has  been  delayed  with  those,  and  unfortunately  there 
are  many,  who  did  not  avail  themselves  of  the  fall  and 
early  winter  months.  Whilst  very  many  more  now 
use  these  months  as  they  ought  to  be  used  in  getting 
forward  the  preparation  of  the  land  for  spring  crops, 
there  is  yet  much  room  for  improvement.  The  sowing 
of  the  spring  oat  crop  has  also  been  delayed,  and  we 
fear  much  that  many  crops  will  be  put  in  too  late  to 
make  a  profitable  yield  if  hot  weather  should  set  in 
as  early  as  is  often  the  case.  We  believe  that  much  bet- 
ter can  be  done  with  the  land  than  seeding  to  oats  at 
this  late  period  of  the  spring.  In  the  South  spring 
oats  are  mainly  grown  as  a  forage  crop.  To  put  the 
crop  in  after  February,  or  at  the  latest,  the  first  half  of 
March,  is  to  run  a  great  risk  of  a  crop  hardly  worth 
the  cutting  for  hay.  Far  better  would  it  be  to  leave 
the  land  unseeded  in  mSst  eases  until  after  the  com 
crop  is  planted,  and  then  sow  to  one  of  the  numerous 
summer  forage  crops  of  which  we  can  grow  so  great  a 
variety,  and  which  make  a  yield  so  much  greater  per 
acre  of  the  best  and  most  nutritious  feed  for  stock. 
Where  a  farmer  can  grow,  but  say  at  best,  two  tons 
to  the  acre  of  oat  hay,  he  can  readily  grow  twice  or 
three  times  that  weight  of  peas  and  sorghum,  sorghum 
alone,  or  of  German  millet  or  Pencillaria  (Cattail  mil- 
let), or  of  Soy  beans,  or  even  of  com,  and  can  cut  some 
of  these  crops  and  harvest  them  in  time  to  follow  with 
another  crop  of  the  same  kind.     Indeed,  we  know  of 


234 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


men  who  niakx'  three  crops  of  peas  and  sorghum  hay 
or  two  crops  of  millet  in  the  season.  Teocinte,  also 
in  the  Southern  portion  of  this  State,  and  in  all  the 
States  South  of  this  will  make  two  or  more  crops  of 
the  finest  feed  either  for  green  feed  or  for  fodder  from 
one.  seeding.  We  would  urge  this  matter  on  the  atten- 
tion of  our  readers. 

We  hear  excellent  reports  of  the  Crimson  clover 
crops  from  almost  every  section.  The  mildness  of 
the  winter  has  favored  the  growth,  and  there  will  be 
a  heavy  yield  per  acre.  We  would  urge  our  readers 
not  to  let  the  crop  stand  too  long  before  cutting  for 
h*y.  It  is  a  perfectly  safe  crop  to  feed  to  stock  of 
all  kinds  when  made  into  hay  if  cut  just  when 
coming  into  bloom,  but  if  allowed  to  stand  until 
the  seed  forms  it  is  not  safe  to  feed  to  horses  (we  have 
never  heard  of  any  trouble  caused  to  cows).  The  hulls 
of  the  seed  mat  together  in  the  stomach  and  form  hard 
balls  which  cannot  be  passed  through  the  bowels.  We 
have  had  several  such  balls  sent  in,  taken  from  horses, 
and  which  had  caused  their  death,  as  large  as  an  orange. 


The  preparation  of  the  land  for  the  corn  crop  and  the 
planting  of  it  will  be  the  chief  work  calling  for  the 
attention  of  farmers  during  this  month.  A  careful  con- 
sideration of  the  subject  in  the  light  of  the  numerous 
experiments  made  in  different  States  compels  us  to  the 
conclusion  that  the  successful  and  profitable  produc- 
tion of  corn  depends  more  upon  the  perfect  prepara- 
tion of  the  land  for  the  crop  before  planting,  and  the 
subsequent  cultivation  of  the  crop,  than  upon  the  quan- 
tity and  quality  of  the  fertilizer  used  on  the  crop. 
Whilst  the  average  production  of  com  in  Virginia  is 
about  20  bushels  to  the  acre;  in  North  Carolina  about 
13  bushels,  and  South  Carolina  about  10  bushels,  yet 
Virginia  upland  has  made,  in  one  experiment,  nearly 
100  bushels  to  the  acre,  and  Virginia  lowland  nearly 
200  bushels  to  the  acre.  South  Carolina  has  made  the 
largest  crop  to  the  acre  of  any  State  in  the  Union — 
nearly  250  bushels  to  the  acre.  In  all  these  cases  of 
great  yield  the  preparation  of  the  land  before  planting 
was  such  as  to  put  the  soil  into  nearly  a  perfect  condi- 
tion as  a  seed  bed,  not  merely  just  on  the  surface,  but 
to  a  depth  of  12  to  15  inches.  Com  is  a  crop  with  an 
enormous  capacity  for  root  development,  and  it  is  upon 
this  development  that  the  power  of  the  plant  to  produce 
a  great  yield  largely  depends.  If  the  soil  is  deeply  and 
finely  broken  the  roots  will  fill  the  whole  soil  for  an 
area  of  6  feet  around  each  plant  and  to  the  depth 
of  the  finely  broken  soil.  With  such  an  enormous  feed- 
ing area  and  the  known  capacity  of  the  crop  to  utilize 
even  tough  and  largely  unavailable  plant  food  for  other 


crops,  and  the  fact  that  it  exercises  this  capacity  during 
the  hottest  months  of  the  year  when  nitrification  is 
most  active  in  the  soil,  there  can  be  no  reason  why  we 
in  Virginia,  North  and  South  Carolina  should  rest 
content  with  such  miserably  poor  yields  of  this  crop  as 
are  common.  With  a  yield  of  20  bushels  to  the  acre 
how  can  there  be  profit  in  the  production  of  corn  even 
at  50  cents  per  bushel  ?  The  average  cost  of  the  produc- 
tion of  the  crop  was  ascertained  for  the  United  States 
several  years  ago  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture, 
and  was  fixed  at  $11.81  per  acre  for  the  South.  This 
cost  included  an  item  of  $3.00  per  acre  rent  for  the 
land.  At  this  figure,  with  20  bushels  to  the  acre,  the 
cost  of  the  corn  is  59  cents  per  bushel,  showing  even 
at  a  sale  price  of  50  cents  a  loss  of  9  cents  per  bushel  on 
the  cost  of  production.  The  Maryland  Bureau  of  Sta- 
tistics has  recently  investigated  this  question  of  the  cost 
of  corn  production  in  that  State,  and  fixes  the  cost, 
under  ordinary  conditions  of  cultivation,  at  $10.10 
per  acre,  or  50  cents  per  bushel  with  20  bushels  to  the 
acre.  We  want  to  see  this  year  an  effort  generally  made 
to  alter  this  condition  of  affairs,  and  make  the  produc- 
tion of  the  corn  crop  a  profitable  one.  It  is  a  most 
important  one  to  this  State,  as  the  total  crop  of  last 
year  was  over  41,000,000  bushels.  As  we  have  above 
stated,  the  first  step  in  this  work  should  be  a  better 
preparation  of  the  land.  Where  the  land  was  deeply 
broken  in  the  fall  and  early  winter  months  this  better 
preparation  can  be  brought  about  by  the  use  of  the  bor- 
row, roller  and  cultivator  in  most  cases,  but  if  the  soil  is 
at  all  packed  hard  in  the  bottom  do  not  hesitate  to 
replow  after  well  breaking  the  surface  with  the  harrow 
and  cultivator.  It  will  pay  well  to  adopt  this  course. 
There  should  be  at  least  a  foot  deep  of  finely  broken 
soil  before  seed  is  planted.  Where  the  land  is  still  to 
plow  it  is  too  late  now  to  turn  up  the  subsoil  on  to  the 
surface.  Plow  an  inch  or  two  deeper  than  last  year, 
and  then  break  the  subsoil  with  a  subsoil  plow  or 
coulter,  but  do  not  bring  it  to  the  surface.  Then 
harrow,  reharrow,  roll  and  cultivate  until  the  whole  of 
the  field  is  a  bed  of  finely  broken  soil.  As  the  sub- 
sequent cultivation  of  the  crop  during  growth  has  a 
large  bearing  upon  the  yield,  do  not  break  or  plant  an 
acre  more  than  you  will  be  able  to  care  for  as  it  ought 
to  be  done  during  growth.  Better  to  plant  a  short  crop 
and  care  for  it  well  than  pitch  a  large  one  and  have 
subsequently  to  neglect  it.  Land  not  planted  can  sub- 
sequently be  put  into  a  forage  crop  of  some  kind  and  a 
good  return  be  obtained  from  it  in  the  way  of  feed  for 
stock.  Do  not  plow  the  land  until  it  is  dry  enough  to 
leave  the  plow  in  a  crumbly  condition;  wet  clods 
turned  up  now  are  very  apt  to  remain  clods  until  next 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


235 


year  with  all  the  plant  food  in  them  securely  locked 
away  from  the  use  of  the  crop.  Land  plowed  wet  is 
land  ruined  for  at  least  one  year,  and  often  for  very 
many  years. 

Whilst,  as  we  have  stated,  we  believe  that  much  more 
depends  upon  the  perfect  preparation  of  the  land  than 
upon  the  fertilizer  used,  yet  we  are  compelled  to  say 
something  as  to  fertilizing  the  crop,   as  we  have  so 
many  enquiries  upon  the  subject.    A  careful  examina- 
tion of  the  result  of  the  experiments  made  in  the  differ- 
ent States  upon  this  question  show  that  with  but  very 
few  exceptions,  there  is  no  fertilizer  which  can  be  used 
with  profit  on  the  corn  crop  except  farm  yard  manure. 
We  do  not  want  to  be  understood  as  asserting  that  fer- 
tilizer is  of  no  use  to  the  crop,  but  that  its  use  is  rarely 
profitable.     It  can  be  so  used  as  to  materially  increase 
the  yield,  but  with  a  crop  having  a  comparatively  low 
market  value  like  corn  the  increase  of  yield  required  to 
be  made  to  be  profitable  over  the  cost  of  the  fertilizer 
is  so  large  as  to  be  rarely  reached.    A  crop  of  30  bushels 
to  the  acre  removes  from  the  "soil  40  lbs.  of  nitrogen, 
41  lbs.  of  potash  and  13  lbs.  of  phosphoric  acid.    This 
would  point  to  the  necessity  for  using  a  fertilizer  rich 
in  potash  and  nitrogen,  yet  many  of  the  best  crops  have 
been  grown  with  the  use  of  a  fertilizer  in  which  a  low 
percentage  of  both  these  ingredients  Jiave  been  applied. 
.  The  explanation  of  this  so  far  as  the  nitrogen  is  con- 
cerned may  probably  be  found  in  the  fact  that  corn 
makes  its  growth  at  a  period  of  the  year  when  nitri- 
fication is  most  active  in  the  soil,  and  with  its  great 
root  growth  the  plant  is  able  to  seize  upon  this  nitro- 
gen over  so  large  a  surface  as  to  meet  all  its  require- 
ments.    Whilst  as  to  the  potash,  the  natural  supply 
of  this  in  the  soil  of  most  of  the  land  east  of  the  Blue 
Ridge  is  sufficiently  large  to  meet  requirements  of  a 
plant  able  like  corn  to  utilize  plant  food  in  a  somewhat 
tough  and  unavailable  condition  as  compared  with  the 
ability  of  most  plants  to  utilize  such  food.     In  experi- 
ments made  at  the  Virginia  Experiment  Station,  the 
needs  of  the  crop,  as  shown  by  what  plant  food  an 
average  crop  removed  from  the  soil,  were  sought  to  be 
met  by  the  application  of  80  lbs.  of  muriate  of  potash, 
SO  lbs.  of  dissolved  bone  black  and  254  lbs.  of  nitrate 
of  soda.     With  this  application  the  yield  of  the  plots 
over  those  upon  which  no  fertilizer  was  applied  were  as 
follows:     Where  only  the  potash  was  applied  the  in- 
crease was  3  bushels  to  the  acre,  where  only  the  phos- 
phoric  acid   was   applied   the   increased  yield   was   5 
bushels  to  the  acre,  and  where  only  the  nitrogen  was 
applied  the  increased  yield  was  2  bushels  to  the  acre. 
The  best  yield  made  in  the  experiments  was  where  130 
lbs.  of  potash,  120  lbs.  of  bone  black  and  381  lbs.  of 


nitrate  of  soda  were  applied.  This  increased  the  crop 
6  bushels  over  that  on  the  unfertilized  plot,  but  the 
cost  was  greater  than  was  justified  by  the  increase,  as 
where  only  half  this  amount  of  fertilizer  was  used  the 
yield  was  only  1  bushel  less.  The  conclusion  to  be 
drawn  from  the  experiments  is  that  the  most  import- 
ant factor  in  a  corn  fertilizer  is  the  phosphoric  acid, 
which  can  just  as  well  and  as  cheaply  be  supplied  by 
acid  phosphate  as  bone  black,  and  that  with  this  should 
be  used  a  small  proportion  of  nitrogen  and  probably 
with  advantage  in  some  sections  such  as  the  sandy  lands 
of  the  coast  plain  a  small  amount  of  potash.  Where 
land  is  very  deficient  in  vegetable  matter  cotton  seed 
meal  has  been  found  to  be  a  useful  help  in  the  making 
of  the  crop,  and  we  would  certainly  advise  its  use  in  the 
cotton  sections.  It  supplies  nitrogen  and  a  small  per- 
centage of  phosphoric  acid,  and  being  only  slowly  avail- 
able, helps  the  crop  all  through  the  growing  season. 
Whenever  farm  yard  manure  is  available  do  not  fail 
to  use  it.  Its  results  are  certain,  and  nowhere  on  the 
farm  can  it  be  better  used  than  on  this  crop.  Wherever 
fertilizer  is  used  in  excess  of  250  lbs.  to  the  acre  apply 
it  broadcast  and  work  it  well  into  the  land.  If  only 
250  lbs.  or  less  be  applied  put  it  in  the  row  and  mix  it 
well  with  the  soil  before  planting.  The  best  fertiliza- 
tion for  the  corn  crop  is  to  let  it  always  follow  a  clover 
and  grass  sod  upon  which  the  farm  yard  manure  has 
been  gotten  out  during  the  winter.  If  a  heavy  yield  is 
to  be  looked  for  there  must  be  a  heavy  growth  of  stalks 
to  carry  the  ears.  It  is  no  use  expecting  a  great  crop 
with  rows  4  feet  apart  and  the  stalks  3  feet  apart  in 
the  rows.  There  are  not  sufficient  stalks  on  the  land  to 
make  a  great  yield.  The  rows  should  not  be  more  than 
3  feet  apart,  and  the  plants  should  he  2  feet  apart  in  the 
rows.  If  the  land  will  not  make  a  good  yield  planted 
at  this  distance  it  is  not  in  good  enough  fertility  to  be 
utilized  profitably  for  a  corn  crop,  and  ought  to  be 
improved  by  growing  peas  and  having  manure  applied 
to  it.  In  planting  the  crop  use  a  planter  that  will  throw 
out  a  furrow  and  drop  the  seed  in  the  bottom  of  the 
furrow,  and  then  cover  it,  say,  2  or  3  inches.  This 
allows  the  crop  to  be  cultivated  more  closely  to  the 
plants  without  injuring  them  in  the  early  stage  of 
growth,  and  later  permits  of  the  soil  being  worked  to 
them,  and  thus  gives  them  a  better  hold  on  the  land  to 
withstand  the  wind. 

If  cut  worms  are  likely  to  be  troublesome  poison 
them  before  planting  the  corn.  It  is  no  use  doing  so 
after  the  com  is  up,  as  they  will  prefer  the  corn  to  the 
poison.  Mix  Paris  green  with  bran  moistened  so  that 
it  will  stick  together  in  balls  and  drop  these  over  the 
field  or  dip  bunches  of  green  clover  in  Paris  green 
mixed  in  water  and  drop  these  in  the  field. 


23G 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


Push  on  the  planting  of  the  cotton  crop  as  fast  as  the 
condition  of  the  land  will  allow.  In  our  last  issue  we 
gave  advice  as  to  the  planting  and  fertilization  of  this 
crop,  and  to  that  we  refer  our  readers. 


In  this  issue  will  be  found  an  article  on  the  prepara- 
tion for  the  tobacco  crop. 


PREPARING  FOR  AND  FERTILIZINQ  THE 
TOBACCO  CROP. 

The  tobacco  crop  is  one  of  so  much  importance  to  the 
South  Atlantic  Coast  States  that  we  are  not  surprised 
to  receive  numerous  requests  to  discuss  the  question 
of  preparing  the  land  for  it  and  the  fertilizer  neces- 
sary to  be  used  to  produce  it  profitably.    In  1892  Vir- 
ginia produced  136,789,250  lbs.  of  tobacco  on  182,259 
acres;  North  Carolina  produced   142,520,950  lbs.   on 
219,263  acres,  and  South  Carolina  25,629,948  lbs.  on 
34,912  acres,  and  Maryland  31,300,625  lbs.  on  34,081 
acres.     The  indications  now  are  that,  notwithstanding 
the  action  of  the  so-called  "trusts,"  the  area  in  tobacco 
will  this  year  be  still  larger  than  the  last.    This  would 
seem  unmistakably  to  point  to  the  fact  that  tobacco  pro- 
duction is  still  a  profitable  business,  and  we  believe 
this  to  be  true,  notwithstanding  the  complaints  as  to 
limitation  of  buyers.     The  truth  is,  that  the  demand 
for  the  weed  grows  apace,  and,  though  there  are  fewer 
buyers,  those  on  the  market  have  much  greater  demands 
to  supply  than  ever  in  the  past,  and  by  their  enormous 
command   of  capital   they  have   extended   their  busi- 
nesses so  as  to  command  world-wide  trade  instead  of, 
as  formerly,  merely  local  consumption,  and  they  can 
therefore  afford  to  give  good  prices  for  good  tobacco. 
Poor  they  do  not  want.     For  good  tobacco  there  is, 
and  seems  likely  to  be,  an  almost  unlimited  demand, 
and    these    coast    States    being  in  a  latitude  and  an 
isothermal  belt,  where  conditions  are  most  favorable 
for  its  production,  the  growth  of  it  here  is  likely  each 
year  to  become  larger.     Under  these  circumstances  it 
is  wisdom  on  the  part  of  our  tobacco  planters  to  give 
greater  consideration  to  the  problems  involved  in  its 
culture  and  curing.     Tobacco  is  a  crop  that  requires 
for  its  successful  culture  more  care  in  the  preparation 
of  the  land  and  the  fertilizing  of  it  than  in  the  past 
has  been  given  to  it.     It  is  a  plant  that  is  more  in- 
fluenced in  its  growth  by  soil  conditions  than  almost 
any  other  crop.     Whilst  almost  every  kind  of  land  in 
these  coast  States  will  grow  tobacco,  yet  each  different 
kind  of  land  and  the  condition  of  that  land  as  to  fer- 
tility and  mechanical  condition  so  changes  the  charac- 
ter of  the  growth  as  to  make  it  practically  a  different 


crop  on  each  different  kind  of  land.     The  influence  of 
the  soil  and  the  character  of  the  plant  food  in  it  and 
its  degree  of  availability  so  affects  the  "cure"  of  the 
crop  as  to  make  some  of  it  most  desirable  upon  the 
market,  whilst  other  lots  will  go  begging  for  a  buyer 
at  the  price  of  trash.    One  of  the  most  essential  requi- 
sites for  a  successful  tobacco  crop  is  the  most  perfect 
physical  and  mechanical  condition  of  the  soil  before 
planting.     This  is  necessary  for  two  or  three  reasons. 
Primarily  and  mainly,  it  is  necessary  because  of  the 
fact  tliat  the  crop  has  only  a  short  season  of  growth, 
about  100  days  on  the  average,  and  it  starts  out  on  this 
season  of  growth  one  of  the  smallest  and  most  delicate 
of  plants.     To  enable  such  a  plant  with  naturally  a 
limited  root  growth  to  acquire  the  size  and  leaf  area 
necessary  to  make  it  profitable  in  that  short  period  it 
must  have  the  finest  mechanical  condition  of  the  soil, 
so  that  the  tiny  rootlets  may  run  freely  and  be  able  to 
lay  hold  of  and  utilize  the  plant  food  within  their  lim- 
ited area,  and  this  plant  food  must  be  in  a  most  avail- 
able condition.    Hence  arises  the  necessity  not  only  for 
a  fine  mechanical  condition  of  the  soil,  but  also  a  fine 
physical  condition.     The  soil  requires  to  be  well  filled 
with  vegetable  matter,  so  that  it  may  hold  moisture 
and  that  the  acids  developed  by  this  vegetable  matter 
may  give  aid  in  dissolving  and  rendering  available  the 
natural  and  applied  plant  food  in  the  soil.    Very  much 
of  the  failure  to  grow  tobacco  successfully  in  recent 
years  in  the  South  arises  from  the  fact  that  the  vege- 
table matter  in  the  soil  has  been  depleted  so  much  by 
constant  cropping  and  the  failure  to  return  vegetable 
matter  to  the  soil,  either  in  the  shape  of  humus  pro- 
ducing crops  or  farm-yard  manure,  as  to  leave  the  soil 
lacking   in  this  essential   to   successful   quick  growth. 
The  first  step  therefore  required  to  be  taken  by  tobacco 
planters  is  to  break  their  tobacco  fields  early  and  set 
about  tlie  complete  pulverizing  of  the  soil.     The  land 
should  be  plowed,  harrowed,  rolled  ,and  replowed,  har- 
rowed and  rolled  until  a  deep  bed  is  made  as  fine  as  an 
ash  heap.     To  do  this,  however,  on  land  devoid  of 
humus  will  be  waste  of  labor  and  money.     Therefore 
select  only  such  land  for  planting  as  is  well  supplied 
with  this  necessary  ingredient.     If  lacking  it  must  be 
supplied  by  farm-yard  manure  or  other  vegetable  mat- 
ter.    Commercial  fertilizer  will  never  make  good  this 
deficiency.     With  reference  to  the  fertilizing  of  the  crop 
Professor  Patterson,  the  director  of  the  Maryland  Ex- 
periment Station,  discussing  experiments  made  at  that 
station,  says: 

"In  applying  fertilizers  or  manure  to  most  crops,  of 
course  it  is  always  desirable  to  increase  the  yield,  and 
in  general  that  is  the  primary  object  of  fertilization. 


1903  ] 


THE  SOUrHERN  PLANTER. 


237 


and  it  is  only  in  the  increased  yield  that  we  commonly 
look  for  profit  from  the  application  of  manure.  With 
tobacco  we  find  ourselves  confronted  with  a  very  dif- 
ferent condition  of  affairs,  it  often  being  easy  to  pro- 
duce an  increase  in  the  yield,  but  the  product  will  be 
of  an  inferior  quality,  and  in  consequence  its  total 
value  much  less  than  it  would  have  been  without  fer- 
tilization. Again,  fertilizers  will  often  show  little,  if 
any,  increase  in  yield,  but  cause  a  decided  improvement 
in  quality,  and  thus  give  return  by  the  tobacco  bring- 
ing more  per  pound  than  it  would  have  otherwise  done. 
The  Maryland  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  has 
been  making  experiments  along  this  line  and  studying 
the  effect  of  our  chief  fertilizing  elements  upon  the 
feeding  habits  of  the  tobacco  plant,  and  their  ulti- 
mate effect  upon  its  quality,  particularly  the  burning 
quality.  These  experiments,  thoixgh  conducted  upon 
Maryland  soils,  yet  have  brought  out  many  facts  that 
are  equally  applicable  to  the  crop  wherever  grown. 
These  experiments  showed  the  potash  salts  to  be  the 
most  potent  factors  in  changing  the  composition  and 
quality  of  the  tobacco  produced.  It  was  shown  very 
plainly  that  muriate  of  potash,  kainit  and  loiv  grade 
sulphate  of  potash  were  unfit  for  use  as  tobacco  fer- 
tilizers, and  should  never  be  applied  to  lands  that 
were  ever  to  be  cultivated  in  tobacco,  because  the 
chlorine  which  these  potash  salts  contain  is  taken  up 
very  freely  by  the  tobacco  plant,  and  chlorine  always 
produces  a  tobacco  with  bad  burning  qualities.  On 
the  other  hand,  high  grade  sulphate  of  potash  always 
improved  the  burning  qualities.  Carbonate  of  potash 
(ashes)  produced  tobacco  with  the  best  combustibility. 
The  application  of  potash  was,  in  most  cases,  accom- 
panied by  an  increase  in  yield,  Lnt  in  many  cases  the 
increase  was  small. 

Phosphoric  acid  proved  to  have  but  little  direct 
bearing  upon  the  combustibility,  but  generally  pro- 
duced a  very  decided  increase  in  the  yield.  Lime  and 
magnesia  compounds,  in  small  quantities,  seemed  to 
produce  a  tobacco  that  cured  badly  and  had  an  in- 
ferior texture;  the  duration  of  glow  was  considerably 
longer  with  the  lime  and  magnesia  tobaccos,  but  in 
many  cases  the  ash  was  of  a  bad  color.  On  the  whole, 
while  lime  and  magnesia  will  often  very  materially 
increase  the  yield,  yet  the  quality  is  such  that  their 
application  cannot  be  recommended. 

The  salient  principles  in  the  use  of  fertilizers  for 
the  tobacco  crop  may  be  summarized  as  follows: 

1st.  Apply  fertilizers  with  reference  to  improve- 
ment of  quality  rather  than  quantity,  and  never  sac- 
rifice quality  of  tobacco  for  quantity. 


2d.  Many  things  that  produce  marked  increase  in 
yield  make  tobacco  of  inferior  quality. 

3d.  Use  concentrated  fertilizers  as  the  extraneous 
matter — matter,  not  plant  food,  very  often  has  the  ef- 
fect of  making  inferior  tobacco. 

4th.  Tobacco  lands  should  not  be  cropped  by  plants 
that  take  out  of  the  soil  relatively  much  potash  and 
little  chlorine. 

5th.  Never  apply  any  fertilizer  to  tobacco  that  con- 
tains much,  if  any,  chlorine. 

6th.    Chlorine  always  causes  tobacco  to  burn  badly. 

7th.  Never  apply  common  salt  to  tobacco  lands. 

8th.  Do  not  furnish  the  potash  of  a  tobacco  fertilizer 
by  means  of  muriate  of  potash,  as  it  produces  a  bad 
quality. 

9th.  Do  not  apply  kainit  to  tobacco  or  tobacco  lands, 
as  it  produces  a  bad  quality  of  tobacco. 

10th.  Do  not  use  low-grade  sulphate  of  potash  in 
tobacco  fertilizers,  as  it  causes  inferior  quality  in  the 
tobacco. 

11th.  High-grade  sulphate  of  potash  always  im- 
proved the  quality  of  tobacco,  and  generally  increased 
the  yield. 

12th.  The  tobacco  having  the  best  combustibility 
was  grown  with  carbonate  of  potash,  but  the  cost  of 
carbonate  of  potash  often  excludes  its  use. 

13th.  Never  apply  lime  to  land  immediately  before 
planting  it  in  tobacco.  In  fact,  its  bad  effects  upon 
curing  will  sometimes  last  for  several  years. 

14th.  Phosphoric  acid  generally  increases  the  yield, 
but  does  not  affect  the  quality. 

loth.  Nitrogen  produces  in  most  cases  an  increased 
yield;  but  no  marked  effects  on  quality  could  be  de- 
tected. 

16th.  Yard  manure  is  not  well  adapted  to  tobacco, 
as  it  is  apt  to  contain  detrimental  chlorine  compounds, 
and  contains  relatively  too  much  nitrogen  and  too  lit- 
tle phosphoric  acid  and  potash. 

Having  thus  discussed  the  general  principles  af- 
fecting the  production  and  fertilization  of  the  tobacco 
crop,  we  think  it  may  be  well  to  conclude  with  two  or 
three  specific  formulae  for  the  fertilization  of  the  crop. 
These  were  tested  in  this  State  by  one  of  the  most  in- 
telligent, studious  and  successful  growers,  the  late 
Major  R.  L.  Ragland,  and  may  therefore  be  taken  to 
be  reliable.  He  tried  six  different  system  of  fertiliza- 
tion one  year.  On  Plot  No.  1  he  applied  50  lbs.  of  sul- 
phate of  ammonia,  80  lbs.  of  dried  blood,  50  lbs.  of  sul- 
phate of  potash  and  114  lbs.  of  acid  phosphate.  This 
plot  produced  tobacco  of  the  value  of  $131.20.  Plot 
No.  2,  fertilized  with  72  lbs.  of  nitrate  of  soda,  80  lbs. 
of  dried  blood,  120  lbs.  of  sulphate  of  potash  and  114 


832 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


lbs.  of  acid  phosphate,  produced  tobacco  of  the  value  of 
$127.90.  Plot  No.  3,  fertilized  with  160  lbs.  of  dried 
blood,  120  lbs.  of  sulphate  of  potash  and  114  lbs.  of 
acid  phosphate,  produced  tobacco  of  the  value  of 
$146.60.  These  three  plots  were  the  most  successful 
of  the  six  tested.  He  remarked  that  where  dried  blood 
and  nitrate  of  soda  were  used,  in  combination  or  sepa- 
rately, there  was  scarcely  any  field  firing,  much  less 
than  where  no  fertilizers  were  used. 


CORN  CULTURE, 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

So  many  inquiries  have  come  to  me  about  the  grow- 
ing of  corn  that  I  take  the  liberty  of  replying  to  them 
through  the  columns  of  the  Southern  Planter. 

There  are  some  general  impressions  regarding  seed 
and  the  corn  plant  which  are  erroneous,  and  which  I  be- 
lieve affect  very  much  the  yield  of  corn  in  our  State. 
In  the  first  place  it  is  a  general  practice  in  preparing 
seed  to  cut  off  the  tips  and  butts  of  the  ears  and  plant 
only  the  middle  grains.  This  is  unfortunate,  for  the 
small  grains  on  the  tip  of  the  ear  have  more  vitality 
and  are  the  best  on  the  ear ;  the  butt  grains  are  slightly 
better  or  certainly  as  good  as  the  middle  grains.  An 
experiment  in  the  field  or  garden  will  convince  the 
skeptical  of  the  truth  of  this.  Seed  corn  should  be 
taken  from  good  sound  ears  and  the  whole  ear  should 
be  used.  If  prolific  seed  is  used  the  lower  and  smaller 
ear  which  comes  out  last  will  have  the  tendency  to 
multiply  ears  to  a  much  greater  extent  than  the  large 
ears  above.  If  the  large  top  ear  is  continually  used  ii 
will  soon  grow  only  a  one-eared  corn. 

Another  popular  error  is  that  the  com  plant  has 
shallow  roots.  It  is  often  the  case  that  the  roots  of 
the  corn  plant  are  all  near  the  top  of  the  ground,  but 
it  is  because  the  ground  has  been  so  poorly  prepared 
that  the  roots  cannot  go  deeper.  If  the  land  permits  it 
the  roots  will  go  six  feet  and  more  into  the  ground,  and 
the  intermediate  space  will  be  filled  with  roots.  It'is  of 
first  importance  in  cultivating  corn  to  break  the  ground 
as  deeply  as  possible,  otherwise  our  clay  subsoil  will  stop 
the  roots  near  the  surface.  I  use  a  three-horse  plow 
and  run  a  two-horse  subsoil  plow  in  the  furrow.  The 
subsoil  plow  is  rather  expensive,  and  I  have  gotten 
almost  as  good  results  is  most  soils,  in  some  soils  better 
results,  with  a  long  heavy  coulter  with  projecting 
tongue.  I  have  in  this  way  broken  bottom  land  22 
inches,  hillsides  14  to  16  inches.  The  benefit  of  this  is 
three-fold,  it  allows  the  roots  to  go  deep  into  the  soil 
to  feed;  it  stores  up  the  winter  and  spring  rains  and 
insures  against  dry  weather  in  summer,  and  by  takin 


the  rains  down  into  the  soil  it  prevents  washing.  By 
plowing  in  this  way  "worn  out"  lands  will  soon  be 
brought  back  to  fertility.  Shallow  plowing  is  the  curse 
of  our  farming;  it  means  twisted  com  when  hot  and 
dry  weather  comes,  "short"  corn  at  harvest,  galls  and 
gullies.  The  subsoil  when  acted  upon  by  sun  and  air 
becomes  valuable  for  plant  food  and  restores  fertility 
to  the  soil.  After  the  land  is  deeply  plowed  it  should 
be  put  into  perfect  order  before  planting.  All  clods 
left  at  planting  time  can  be  counted  on  to  roll  around 
the  rest  of  the  season,  or,  if  buried,  to  lock  up  the  fer- 
tility. It  is  easier  to  cultivate  corn  before  planting 
than  after.  In  our  section  I  have  found  it  better  not 
to  plant  too  early.  Hill  land  planted  by  May  10th  and 
low  grounds  by  May  20th  is  early  enough.  I  would 
rather  have  it  put  in  then  than  a  month  earlier, 
especially  if  the  land  is  thoroughly  worked  in  the 
meantime. 

The  cultivation  after  planting  should  be  shallow  and 
level.  A  weeder,  if  started  early  enough  and  kept 
going, is  a  splendid  implement,  one  hand  and  horse  going 
over  20  acres  a  day  and  doing  all  that  is  needed.  If 
you  let  the  weeds  get  a  few  days  start  the  weeder  is  no 
earthly  account.  Kill  the  weeds  when  they  first 
"hatch."  After  the  corn  gets  a  foot  or  so  high"  a  five- 
tooth  cultivator  should  be  used,  nothing  heavier.  The 
soil  should  be  gently  stirred  and  kept  clean.'  Any 
breaking  of  the  roots  of  the  com  plant  is  injurious, 
and  even  in  a  wet  season,  when  it  is  least  harmful,  it 
will  lesson  the  yield. 

Another  caution  seems  to  be  needed.  Do  not  plow- 
land  when  wet,  especially  clay  soils.  Next  to  shallow 
plowing  this  is  mining  more  land  in  Virginia  than  any 
other  cause.  Take  up  a  handful  of  the  soil  near  the 
bottom  of  the  furrow  and  squeeze  it  hard  three  or  four 
times,  then  throw  it  on  the  ground,  if  it  goes  to  pieces 
the  land  will  do  to  plow,  but  if  it  hangs  together  in  a 
clod,  or  like  putty,  it  is  too  wet.  Land  plowed  too  wet 
will  take  several  years  to  recover.  Winter  plowing  and 
freezing  is  the  best  way  to  get  it  back  to  proper  tilth. 

In  planting  I  like  to  lay  off  the  rows  with  a  one-horse 
plow,  mnning  several  times  in  the  row,  and  put  the 
seed  down  in  the  ground  deep,  then  cover  lightly. 
After  the  corn  is  up,  at  each  working  the  soil  works 
to  the  corn.  This  helps  the  com  later  on  to  stand  up 
when  heavy  rains  and  winds  come.  Covering  too  deep 
retards  the  sprouting  and  growth. 

Where  land  is  rich  and  well  plowed  put  more  seed  in 
the  ground.  On  bottom  lands  with  the  kind  of  com 
I  grow  I  try  to  have  the  rows  2^  feet  apart  and  a  single 
stalk  every  twelve  inches  in  the  row.  This  looks  very 
thick,  but  it  pays  if  the  land  is  plowed  deep  enough  to 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


239 


let  the  roots  down  into  the  ground.  A  good  Valley 
farmer  was  driving  into  my  farm  with  me,  and  looking 
at  the  gromng  corn,  said:  "Mr.  Woods,  if  you  don't 
thin  that  corn  you  will  get  nothing  but  fodder."  Tt 
yielded  a  fraction  over  163  bushels  (shelled  com)  to 
the  acre:  I  believe  we  are  making  the  same  mistake 
with  all  other  crops — wheat,  oats,  and  especially  grass. 
We  do  not  put  enough  seed  on  the  ground,  or  better 
still,  in  the  ground,  for  all  seed  ought  always  to  be  well 
covered. 

I  think  we  do  not  appreciate  the  possibilities  in  our 
hands  when  we  plant  our  crops.  We  have  too  little 
faith.  A  farmer  who  does  not  believe  that  more  than 
60  bushels  of  corn  can  be  raised  to  the  acre  is  not  apt 
to  raise  more.  It  will  be  an  accident  if  he  does.  But 
the  man  who  knows  what  has  been  done  will  try  to  come 
somewhere  near  the  mark.  The  best  authentic  crop  of 
corn,  as  far  as  I  am  informed,  was  250  bushels  of 
shelled  corn  on  one  acre  of  land.  Most  of  us  cannot 
attain  this  perhaps,  but  we  can  easily  double  or  triple 
the  crops  we  are  raising  by  a  judicious  selection  of 
seed  and  by  intensive  farming.  The  average  yield 
credited  to  Virginia  in  the  Agricultural  Department 
Reports  should  suggest  something  to  us  Virginia 
farmers.  We  all  ought  to  have  the  latest  work  on  Corn 
Culture,  and  read  it  and  practice  its  teachings. 

Albemarle  Co.,  Va.  Samuel  B.  Woods. 


SHALL  IT  BE  COW-PEAS  OR  SOY  BEAN 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

The  year  1902  gave  the  writer  a  season  of  experience 
with  rich  results.  He  has  contended  that  when  better 
known  the  Soy  bean  would,  as  a  farm  and  feed  crop,  be 
second  only  to  corn.  Events  of  1902  bring  the  matter 
right  to  the  door  of  the  dairyman,  feeders,  breeders  and 
farmers. 

All  kinds  of  ordinary  hay  and  fodders  can  be  per- 
fectly cured  and  housed.  The  farm  press  bears  evi- 
dence that  curing  cow-pea  hay  is  a  difficiilt  problem, 
too  often  a  total  failure. 

In  ten  years'  experience  more  than  one-third  of  the 
time  we  have  either  lost  all  or  a  large  part  of  our  pea 
hay.  Our  best  seasons  we  have  lost  a  large  part  of  the 
best  of  it,  the  leaves.  If  rained  on  after  they  are  cut 
the  leaves,  stems  and  vines  turn  black,  the  leaves  shatter 
off,  we  get  into  the  bam  a  lot  of  stringy  stuff  with  a 
hempen  fiber  so  tough  stock  cannot  masticate  it,  and 
have  a  big  waste.  The  quality  of  the  feed  is  seriously 
injured. 

For  hogging  off,  for  pasture,  or  to  plow  under  I  re- 
gard the  cow-pea  a  wonderful  crop. 


In  this  correspondence  I  have  given  tables  taken 
from  the  bulletins  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture, 
of  Washington,  D.  C,  showing  that  as  a  means  of  tak- 
ing nitrogen  from  the  air  and  fixing  it  in  the  soil  the 
Soy  bean  stands  first,  clover  second  and  cow-peas  third. 

I  have  also  shown  from  the  letter  of  Mr.  James  Bell- 
wood,  of  Virginia,  that  he  has  thrashed  "over  one  hun- 
dred bushels  of  Soy  beans  from  one  acre  of  rich  'James 
river'  bottom  land."  No  man  in  Virginia  has  higher 
standing  or  character  than  Mr.  Bellwood.  I  copied 
from  these  bulletins  that  analysis  shows  that  one  bushel 
of  Soy  bean  seed  has  a  feeding  value  equivalent  to  more 
tlian  three  bushels  of  corn.  Then  (I  don't  say  it,  but 
the  United  States  says)  this  one  acre  of  beans  was 
worth  more  than  300  bushels  of  corn  for  feeding  pur- 
poses. 

1  have  also  given  tables  showing  that  corn  fodder  and 
Soy  bean  liay,  equal  parts,  make  a  perfectly  "balanced 
ration." 

The  difficulty  in  getting  seed  that  would  grow,  and 
harvesting  Soy  beans,  have  kept  them  in  the  back- 
ground. With  our  better  knowledge  both  are  over- 
come. 

The  Soy  bean  is  so  rich  in  nitrogen  that  if  thrashed 
and  put  in  bulk  with  the  least  moisture  in  the  seeds 
the  will  heat  enough  to  injure  the  germ.  That  part  of 
the  crop  the  farmer  wants  for  seed  he  should  let  stand 
until  the  leaves  fall  off  then  cut,  shock  and  let  stand 
until  the  seed  is  dry,  thrash  and  put  in  sacks  (do  not 
bulk)  and  store  in  a  dry  place.  Thus  treated,  every  seed 
will  grow.  The  idea  is  to  thoroughly  eliminate  mois- 
ture. A  common  separator  thrashes  them  as  easily  as 
oats. 

Haevesting  and  Curing  This  Crop. 

Previous  to  1902  I  have  been  able  to  cut  and  bind  a 
few  bundles  in  a  comparatively  green  state.  They  cured 
out  perfectly,  but  following  the  cutting  we  had  ideal 
curing  weather,  hot  with  fresh  winds.  I  feared  to  put 
it  out  to  the  public  lest  wet,  muggy  weather  might  cause 
them  to  heat  and  mould.  In  1902  I  determined  to  test 
the  mater  and  found  a  machine  that  could  cut  and  bind 
them  in  their  greenest  stage.  The  weather  was  cloudy, 
with  showers  every  few  days.  I  selected  about  three 
acres  of  very  heavy  beans  from  3^  to  5  feet  high,  in  full 
bloom  (their  greenest  stage).  I  cut  them  in  the  after- 
noon, leaving  them  on  the  ground  to  wilt  and  dry  out  a 
few  days  before  shocking.  That  night  a  hard  shower 
wet  the  bundles  thoroughly.  They  were  shocked  the 
next  day  as  we  would  wheat. 

A  few  days  after  they  were  shocked  we  had  a  down- 
pour; the  dense  and  immense  foilage  turned  the  water 
off  like  a  duck's  feathers,  then  we  had  four  weeks  of 


240 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


[April 


cloudy  and  showery  weather,  ideal  to  test  the  question 
whether  Soy  beans  cut  green  and  tightly  bound  would 
cure  out  into  perfect  animal  feed.  They  were  left  six 
weeks,  until  perfectly  cured  and  dry,  and  when  fed  out 
not  a  moulded  bundle  was  found. 

Two  days  before  I  cut  the  beans  I  cut  four  acres  of 
cow-peas.  The  continued  wet  weather  caused  us  to  lose 
the  pea  foilage,  it  rotted.    I  got  a  fair  crop  of  pea  seed. 

The  superiority  of  the  Soy  bean  over  any  other  crop 
will  be  empliasised  in  our  future  farming  by  growing 
Soy  beans  alone  for  feed,  pasture  and  to  plow  do\^Ti. 

Olnetj,  Illinois.  Robert  C.  Morris. 


RANDOM  NOTES  ON  MARCH  NUHBERS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Mr.  Clarh's  Grass. — The  wonderful  results  that  have 
been  secured  by  Mr.  Clark,  in  Connecticut,  as  noted  in 
your  editorial  remarks,  show  conclusively  the  value  of 
heavy  fertilization  for  grass,  and  the  crops  he  has  made 
show  that  this  lavish  fertilization  is  done  at  a  profit. 
Then,  too,  as  we  have  often  insisted,  the  corn  crop  is  the 
place  where  the  farm  manure  pays  best  and  furnishes 
humus  to  enable  the  fertilizers  to  act  more  efficiently 
through  the  retention  of  moisure  in  the  land.  What 
crops  of  grass  could  be  made  on  the  mellow  lands  of 
Eastern  North  Carolina  and  Southeastern  Virginia  by 
Clark's  method?  The  black  peaty  soils  of  Eastern 
North  Carolina  naturally  produce  grass  in  abundance, 
and  on  these  soils  the  potash  that  Mr.  Clark  uses  would 
pay  as  well  as  there.  You  are  right,  so  far  as  most  of 
the  Piedmont  soils  of  Virginia  are  concerned,  in  sup- 
posing that  they  need  little  potash,  but  on  the  sandy 
soils  of  the  coast  plain  potash  is  an  important  matter. 

Flat  Culture  of  Cotton. — I  have  recently  gotten  let- 
ters from  all  over  the  South  showing  that  here  and 
there  the  growers  are  realizing  that  the  old  plan  of 
ridging  and  hilling  is  not  best  for  the  cotton  crop  any 
more  than  for  the  com  crop.  The  leaven  of  improve- 
ment is  working  all  through  the  cotton  country,  and 
flat  culture  will  soon  come  to  be  the  method  of  the  im- 
proving farmers,  and  ere  long  the  man  who  grows  but 
half  a  bale  per  acre  will  be  looked  upon  as  behind  the 
times  as  a  farmer.  Keep  on  urging  the  need  of  humus 
in  the  cotton  field.  They  cannot  get  humus  with  cot- 
ton on  the  land  every  year,  and  the  fertilizers  will  never 
have  their  best  effect  till  the  cotton  farmers  go  to 
farming  and  quits  cotton  planting. 

All  Flesh  is  Grass.— And  I  am  glad  to  see  that  the 
farmers  in  the  cotton  belt  are  gradually  losing  their 
dread  of  Bermuda  and  are  beginning  to  realize  that 
grass  and  forage  and  cattle  are  as  important  in  the  im- 


provement of  the  land  for  cotton  as  they  are  for  the 
crops  of  the  North.  When  the  cotton  farmers  fatten 
three  beeves  for  every  bale  of  cotton  they  raise  they  will 
grow  more  cotton  on  fewer  acres  and  at  a  smaller  cost 
per  pound. 

Fertilizers  for  Peas. — On  the  sandy  soils  where  Mr. 
Tyson  lives  there  is  no  doubt  that  liis  mixture  of  acid 
phosphate  and  potash  will  be  the  thing  for  peas,  but  on 
the  red  clay  uplands  I  had  rather  depend  on  the  acid 
phosphate  alone  or  a  much  smaller  percentage  of  the 
potash.  I  used  here  last  year  a  fertilizer  with  but  1 
per  cent,  of  potash  on  peas  with  marked  results.  The 
recommendation  of  a  fertilizer  for  any  crop  will  de- 
pend on  the  land  where  it  is  to  be  used,  and  no  one  but 
tlie  farmer  can  tell  what  his  land  needs,  and  he  needs 
to  experiment  to  find  out.  Every  thoughtful  farmer 
should  study  his  soil  and  thus  avoid  the  buying  of  what 
he  does  not  need. 

Improving  Mountain  Land.~On  the  land  in  the 
North  Carolina  mountains  I  am  sure  that  the  best 
pasture  can  be  made  of  the  so-called  English  or  Canada 
blue  grass,  Poa  Compressa.  On  these  rich  lands  it  will 
be  what  Bermuda  is  to  the  lower  South,  and  it  thrives 
on  land  where  there  is  no  limestone,  while  the  Kentucky 
grass  does  not. 

Peas  and  Sorghum.— My  advice  is  to  put  the  peas 
by  themselves  and  the  sorghum  by  itself.  Sorghum 
among  the  peas  will  make  tliem  hard  to  cure,  for  sor- 
ghum never  cures  dry.  Sorghum  is  valuable  as  a  forage 
but  the  peas  are  better  without  it.  There  is  no  diffi- 
culty in  curing  peas  by  themselves,  and  I  have  the  hay 
to  show  that  it  is  so.  My  hay  has  the  leaves  all  green 
m  color  and  not  a  speck  of  mould,  and  it  went  into  the 
barn  the  third  day  after  it  was  cut,  and  was  cured  there. 
It  is  easier  to  balance  the  ration  with  the  crops  grown 
separately  than  to  try  to  grow  two  plants  where  but  one 
should  grow. 

Ginseng.—R&Tdly  a  day  passes  that  I  do  not  get  an 
inquiry  about  the  cultivation  of  ginseng.  The  imagi- 
native newspaper  reporters  have  told  such  wonderful 
tales  about  it  that  the  men  who  are  always  ready  to 
drop  the  crops  they  know  for  others  they  know  nothing 
about,  are  all  now  seeking  to  know  more  of  ginseng. 
My  advice  is  to  stick  to  wheat,  cotton,  corn  and  peas 
and  let  the  men  who  want  to,  experiment  with  gingseng. 
Like  silk  culture,  there  is  nothing  in  it  for  most  of  us, 
certainly  not  in  the  warmer  sections  of  the  South. 

W.  F.  Massey, 
Editor  of  Practical  Farmer. 


When    corresponding   with   advertisers   mention   the 
Planter. 


I!i03] 


THE  SUUIHERN  PLANTER. 


241 


NITRATE  OF.SODA  ON  TOBACCO  PLANT-BEDS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Mr.  H  P.  Baker,  of  Cumberland  county,  Va.,  says  in 
March  Planter  that  he  used  10  lbs.  to  100  square  yards, 
which  would  be  at  rate  of  500  lbs.  to  the  acre.  He  ap- 
plied it  when  some  plants  were  the  size  of  a  quarter. 
I  should  have  supposed  that  so  heavy  an  application 
would  have  burned  the  tender  young  plant.  I  have,  a 
number  of  times,  experimented  with  nitrate  soda  on 
tobacco  plants,  but  never  with  such  positive  or  imme- 
diate action.  In  fact,  I  have  been  somewhat  disap- 
pointed in  results  and  have  concluded  that  I  put 
nitrate  on  too  late,  after  plants  were  up,  and  felt  con- 
vinced that  the  proper  time  to  put  it  on  was  a  little 
before  plants  came  up.  I  tried  to  put  at  rate  of  150 
lbs.  to  acre,  which  I  supposed  was  sufficient,  as  we  put 
on  a  pound  to  the  yard  of  the  highest  grade  plant  bed 
fertilizer  when  we  sowed  seed. 

Nitrate  of  soda  is  very  lumpy,  and  I  found  difficulty 
in  getting  it  fine  enough  to  sow  evenly,  for  if  you  sow 
good  sized  lumps  and  they  dissolve  right  around  the 
plants  it  will  be  apt  to  burn  them.  I  have  seen  plants 
burned  entirely  up  in  this  way,  and  have  also  seen  a 
small  piece  of  "Green  Sward  grass"  burned  up  com- 
pletely by  a  heavy  application  of  nitrate. 

jMy  experience  is  that  if  you  are  going  to  put  it  on 
plants  after  they  are  up,  that  it  should  either  be  dis- 
solved in  water  and  sprinkled  on  or  else  be  sown  on 
bed  while  it  is  raining.  If  you  knew  positively  it  was 
going  to  rain  before  night  sow  just  before  the  rain.  I  feel 
sure  that  my  failures  with  nitrate  of  soda  were  caused 
by  putting  it  on  too  late.  I  have  never  had  plants  much 
benefitted  by  it  in  time  to  plant  but  have  gone  back 
to  the  bed  after  we  had  finished  planting  and  found 
it  wild  with  green  plants.  I  believe  that  nitrate  is  in- 
valuable for  plants  if  applied  at  right  time  and  in 
proper  manner,  and  that  you  can  have  plants  as  early 
as  you  choose. 

it  is  Just  such  extravagant  accounts  as  Mr.  Baker's 
which  first  started  me  to  experimenting  with  nitrate, 
not  only  on  plants,  but  on  numbers  of  other  things, 
greatly  to  my  disappointment. 

I  believe  that  you  can  greatly  benefit  the  tobacco 
raisers  by  explaining  to  them  the  proper  manner  of 
putting  nitrate  on  plant  beds.  The  next  issue  of  your 
paper  will  be  out  before  the  tobacco  plants  are  up. 
Myself  and  a  number  of  my  neighbors  would  have  been 
greatly  benefitted  by  the  proper  information  on  this 
very  important  subject  several  years  ago,  and  would 
have  saved  us  the  expense  of  buying  our  experience. 
To  the  ordinary  farmer  the  whole  subject  is  a  sort  of  a 
mystery.  Anyone  expecting  to  see  such  miraculous 
results  as  nitrate  turning  grass  "a  vivid  green"  in  a 
week  after  applied  will  be  disappointed  as  I  was.  T 
read  about  nitrate  of  soda  years  ago,  and  sent  to  New 
York  to  the  importer  to  get  300  lbs.  A  friend  of  mine  did 
the  same.  We  tried  it  and  gave  it  to  others  to  try  in 
every  conceivable  manner  without  slightest  results  on 
anything.  We  were  so  much  disgusted  that  I  waited 
ten  years  before  trying  it  again.  We  expected  too  imme- 
diate action. 

After  readincr  Planter  to-dav  I  concluded  to  scribble 


this  with  the  hope  that  you  might  spare  the  time  to 
take  it  into  consideration. 
Albemarle,  Co.,  Va.  J-  S.  Wood. 

Whilst  we  have  never  used  nitrate  of  soda  on  tobacco 
plant  beds  we  have  used  it  largely  on  farm  and  vege- 
table crops  of  various  kinds,  and  can,  therefore,  speak 
with  confidence  as  to  its  action.  Nitrate  of  soda  is 
peculiar  amongst  fertilizers  in  that  it  is  the  only  one 
in  use  which  is  naturally  in  the  condition  in  which 
plants  take  nitrogen.  All  plants  assimilate  nitrogen 
in  the  form  of  a  nitrate.  In  all  other  forms  of  nitrogen 
fertilizers  the  nitrogen  is  chemically  when  applied  in 
some  other  form  than  a  nitrate,  and  has  to  undergo  a 
chemical  change  in  the  soil  before  the  plants  can  utilize 
it.  It  first  passes  into  the  form  of  a  nitrite  and  then 
into  a  nitrate,  which  absorbs  time.  In  the  form  of  sul- 
phate of  ammonia  it  is  a  sulphate,  and  has  to  pass 
through  several  chemical  changes  before  assimilable.  In 
the  organic  from,  such  as  dried  blood,  fish  scrap,  cotton 
seed  meal,  it  has  to  decompose  before  the  nitrogen  takes 
the  form  of  a  nitrate.  A  knowledge  of  these  facts 
should  regulate  the  use  of  the  different  nitrogenous 
fertilizers.  Another  feature  about  nitrate  of  soda  in 
which  it  differs  from  other  fertilizers  is  its  extreme 
solubility.  It  melts  as  quickly  as  salt.  If,  therefore, 
when  applied  the  plant  is  not  in  a  state  of  root  activity 
so  that  it  can  immediately  utilize  the  nitrate,  the 
chances  are  strongly  in  favor  of  a  heavy  loss  of  the 
nitrogen  by  leaching.  This  was  clearly  demonstrated 
by  Sir  J.  B.  Lawes  in  one  of  his  experiments.  He  ap- 
plied nitrate  of  soda  to  a  plot  of  tile  drained  land,  the 
drains  of  which  discharged  into  tanks.  On  part  of  the 
plot  there  was  a  growing  crop,  on  another  part  there 
was  no  vegetation.  He  applied  equal  quantities  of 
nitrate  of  soda  to  each  plot.  On  the  part  where  there 
was  a  crop  with  active  root  growth  the  nitrate  was  all 
assimilated  by  the  crop  and  little  or  no  trace  of  it  could 
be  found  in  the  drain  water  in  the  tank.  On  the  other 
plot,  where  there  was  no  vegetation,  nearly  the  whole  of 
the  nitrate  of  soda  was  recovered  from  the  drain  water 
in  the  tank.  Bearing  these  facts  in  mind,  the  proper 
time  to  apply  nitrate  of  soda  to  any  crop  is  after  the 
plants  have  commenced  to  grow,  when  root  action  is 
active.  We  would  always  apply  just  previous  to  a  gentle 
rain  if  possible,  but  a  heavy  dew  will  readily  dissolve 
it.  We  have  frequently  seen  the  result  of  applying 
nitrate  of  soda  within  a  week  after  the  application, 
when  conditions  of  root  growth  and  moisture  were  favor- 
able. The  nitrate  should  be  in  as  fine  a  condition  as 
possible  when  applied,  all  lumps  being  broken  by  beat- 
ing with  the  back  of  a  shovel  or  running  a  roller  over 
it  on  a  hard  floor  before  sowing. — Ed. 


242 


THE  SOUTHER  PLANTER. 


[A|.ril 


GRASS  SEEDINQ— CORN  QROWINQ— HAY 
QROWINO. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

In  your  March  edition  you  again  advise  sowing  on 
permanent  meadows  seeds  of  grasses  that  will  die  out, 
relying  upon  other  varieties  to  endure  and  to  keep  the 
land  covered.  You  have  often  recommended  clover  for 
the  same  purpose. 

This  is  all  wrong.  Where  grass  dies  out  weeds, 
brushes,  etc.,  will  grow  up.  If  you  want  a  meadow  or  a 
pasture  to  last,  say  five  years,  sow  only  grasses  that  will 
last,  and  do  not  mix  in  anything  that  will  not  last. 
This  very  common  mistake  is  one  of  the  reasons  why 
grass  lands  are  not  lasting  here. 

Here  is  a  problem  for  you :  Corn  can  be  raised  to 
profit  in  Kansas,  Nebraska  and  other  Western  States  at 
25  cents  per  bushel ;  40  to  50  bushels  per  acre  is  con- 
sidered a  good  crop  there. 

Now,  here  corn  sells  at  50  cents  per  bushel.  As  there 
is  little  difference  in  the  cost  of  cultivation,  provided 
the  corn  is  planted  with  check  cable,  so  that  the  disk 
cultivators  can  be  worked  both  ways  across  the  field,  it 
would  seem  that  the  Virginia  planter  could  afford  to 
spend  25  cents  per  bushel  in  fertilizer  for  every  bushel 
of  com  if  he  can  thus  increase  his  harvest  to  40  or  50 
bushels  per  acre. 

I  read  your  account  of  the  Clark  system  of  hay  cul- 
ture. Over  $40  per  acre  net  profit  looks  big  to  a  West- 
erner who  has  seen  real  good  hay  sold  at  $3  per  ton.  I 
take  it,  however,  that  Virginia  soil  is  either  not  suited 
to  such  intense  culture  or  that  Virginia  farmers  are 
able  to  make  more  profit  by  other  crops,  else  the  Clark 
system  would  be  followed  by  those  who  have  the  means. 
Has  our  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  ever  given 
the  system  a  trial?  I  have  some  red  soil,  some  choco- 
late color  soil,  some  gray,  wet  soil  and  some  river  bot- 
tom, and  would  like  to  know  whether  it  is  suited  to  the 
Clark  system,  especially  since  some  of  the  gray  soil  does 
not  seem  to  be  much  good  for  anything  else. 

Apropos  of  flat  cultivation  of  corn.  Why  not  publish 
a  few  articles  on  the  Campbell  system  of  soil  cvilture? 

I  notice  many  inquiries  in  regard  to  alfalfa.  Farm- 
ers should  read  Coburn's  work  on  the  subject.  The 
price,  I  think,  is  50  cents,  and  it  is  worth  $5  for  every 
acre  of  alfalfa.  Seed  should  be  sown  with  press-drill, 
30  lbs.  to  the  acre,  drill  twice,  15  lbs.  each  way.  It  does 
not  pay  to  sow  alfalfa  unless  the  soil  has  been  infected 
with  tubercles.  Probably  most  soils  will  require  liming. 
After  the  first  year  disk  and  cross-disk  and  roll  every 
spring.  Sow  between  1st  and  20th  of  September. 
Alfalfa  will  stand  grazing  well  after  the  second  year. 

Hanover  Co.,  Va.  Greenhorn. 

We  are  not  in  agreement  with  our  correspondent  on 
the  subject  of  grass  seeding.  The  most  permanent 
grasses  are  slow  to  take  hold  of  and  cover  the  land, 
hence  the  wisdom  of  seeding  with  them  some  of  the  less 
permanent  varieties  to  occupy  the  land  for  two  or  three 
years  until  the  permanent  ones  have  gotten  good  hold. 
These  prevent  weeds  killing  out  the  permanent  grasses 


in  the  first  two  years,  and  in  their  decay  provide  food 
for  the  permanent  grasses.  The  clover,  whilst  it  lasts 
and  in  its  decay  supplies  nitrogen  for  the  use  of  the 
permanent  grasses,  hence  its  value  in  addition  to  its  hay 
value.  There  is  no  reason  why  corn  cannot  be  grown 
here  as  profitably  as  in  the  West,  seeing  the  much 
greater  price  for  which  it  sells.  The  greatest  crop  ever 
grown  on  an  acre — 250  bushels — was  grown  in  the 
South,  and  several  crops  in  excess  of  150  bushels  to 
the  acre  have  been  grown  in  this  State.  What  is  more 
needed  to  secure  this  end  than  periodical  doses  of  fer- 
tilizer is  the  enchancement  of  the  permanent  fertility 
of  the  land  by  the  addition  of  humus  to  our  soils.  The 
corn  crop  is  best  fertilized  with  the  coarse,  home-made 
farm  yard  manure.  It  is  difficult  to  fertilize  the  com 
crop  with  commercial  fertilizers  with  profit.  Read 
what  Professor  Massey  says  in  this  issue  as  to  Clark's 
method  of  sfrowinff  hav — we  agree  with  him. — Ed. 


THAT  LITTLE  FARM  WELL  TILLED. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

I  do  not  believe  that  either  you,  or  I,  or  anybody 
else  can  over  estimate  the  advantages  growing  out  of  the 
"intensive"  cultivation  of  the  soil  in  Eastern  Virginia. 

The  motto  of  our  farmers  should  be  "not  how  much, 
but  how  well  and  how  thorough."  The  aim  should  be 
not  how  many  acres  can  I  till,  but  how  much  can  I  get 
per  acre. 

Take  a  worn  and  "run  down"  farm  in  Eastern  Vir- 
ginia, worn  by  the  tenant  system,  which  robs  the  soil, 
and  by  shallow  plowing — there  are  two  good  farms  un- 
derneath the  worn  one.  There  are  two  good  farms  upon 
which  the  sun  has  never  shone,  which  have  never  been 
brought  to  light  and  life  by  the  influence  of  the  frost, 
air  and  sunshine. 

Deeper  plowing,  subsoiling  and  tile  drainage,  aided 
by  the  splendid  influences  of  the  clover  and  pea  crops, 
will  bring  up  these  two  idle  farms  to  the  surface,  or  will 
bring  up  their  hidden  stores  of  plant  food  and  make 
these  stores  available,  instead  of  lying  there  dormant 
as  at  the  present  time. 

A  few  weeks  ago  we  sent  the  Planter  a  short  article 
showing  what  one  of  our  farmers  had  done  on  two  acres 
of  land  planted  to  early  potatoes,  followed  by  a  crop 
of  turnips  sowed  with  clover. 

The  showing  was  a  good  one,  but  a  reader  of  the 
Planter  has  sent  us  a  statement  still  better.  With  your 
|icrmission  we  will  make  a  brief  statement.  We  do  this 
fnr  the  encouragement  of  your  readers  who  have  small 
farms  and  who  wish  to  get  the  most  out  of  them. 

The  gentleman  referred  to  writes  that  in  March  last 


1903] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


243 


year  he  planted  two  acres  of  Irish  potatoes.  In  June, 
before  digging  his  potatoes,  he  planted  corn  between 
the  rows. 

The  last  of  June  he  dug  one  hundred  and  seventeen 
barrels  of  marketable  potatoes,  then  went  on  and  culti- 
vated the  corn,  which  was  making  a  very  rapid  growth. 
When  he  finished  working  his  corn  in  August  he  sowed 
the  land  to  clover  and  turnips.  The  turnips  grew  very 
large,  some  of  them  being  six  inches  or  more  in  diame- 
ter, making  an  enormous  yield,  which  he  failed  to 
measure. 

In  the  fall  the  case  stood  like  this.  He  had  taken 
from  the  two  acres  117  barrels  of  fine  potatoes,  had  60 
bushels  of  shelled  com,  $9  worth  of  fodder,  also  a 
splendid  crop  of  turnips,  and  the  land  was  seeded  to 
clover  with  as  splendid  a  stand  as  he  ever  saw.  This 
clover  he  expects  to  cut  in  May,  1903,  and  turn  down 
the  stubble  and  prepare  the  ground  for  sweet  potatoes. 
Our  correspondent  stands  readv  to  prove  the  truth- 
fulness of  all  his  statements,  and  it  goes  to  show  the 
advantage  of  cultivating  small  areas  of  land  and  doing 
it  well,  and  we  mention  these  matters  for  the  en- 
couragement of  farmers  in  general,  and  for  those  in 
particular  who  own  small  farms.  We  can  but  say  to 
them  that  if  they  will  do  their  work  thoroughly  and 
study  the  agricultural  journals,  especially  the  Southern 
Planter,  and  be  governed  by  its  teachings,  they  will  find 
themselves  making  more  money,  and  making  themselves 
more  independent  from  ten  acres  of  land  than  the  West- 
em  farmers  do  off  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres. 

The  whole  of  Eastern  Virginia  will  some  day  be  one 
vast  garden.  It  will  all  be  farmed  intensively;  every 
acre  will  be  brought  into  subjection  and  put  under 
thorough  cultivation. 

If  cows  are  kept,  there  will  be  two  or  three  cows  kept 
to  the  acre.  If  sheep  are  kept,  they  will  be  kept  just  as 
they  are  now  on  the  high-priced  lands  in  England,  and 
all  farm  work  will  be  thorough,  practical  and  intensive. 
Why  should  not  these  things  be  done?  The  soil  and 
climate  permits  and  encourages  it,  and  the  markets  are 
at  our  doors,  and  all  things  combine  to  demand  that 
man  shall  do  as  much  for  himself  here  as  nature  has 
done  for  him. 

The  man  above  mentioned,  who  raised  117  barrels 
of  fine  potatoes,  60  bushels  of  shelled  com,  $9  worth  of 
fodder,  and  so  many  turnips  that  he  could  not  meas- 
ure them,  from  two  acres  of  ground,  and  now  has  that 
same  two  acres  in  a  splendid  stand  of  clover,  has 
demonstrated  what  can  be  done,  what  should  be  done, 
and  what  will  be  done  all  over  this  fair  section  of  ours 
a  few  years  hence,  when  the  leaven  of  development  and 
improvement  has  permeated  and  penetrated  the  whole 


May  the  shadow  of  the  Planter  never  grow  less  and 
may  its  influence  ever  broaden,  deepen  and  expand 
until  the  agricultural  interests,  especially  of  Eastern 
Virginia,  shall  be  thoroughly  and  properly  developed. 

Norfolh,  Va.  A.  Jeffers. 


POTASH. 

Mr.  Stubbs,  of  Gloucester  county,  wrote  several  arti- 
cles in  the  "Planter"  on  the  subject  of  "Potash,"  which, 
together  with  my  own  experience,  proved  to  me  con- 
eiusivelv  that  it  does  not  pay  to  buy  "potash.  From 
the  way  he  wrote  I  had  supposed  that  he  was  an 
authority  on  the  subject,  and  that  his  opinions  de- 
served consideration.  I  think  Mr.  Stubbs  was  so  posi- 
tive that  he  urged  that  agricultural  papers  should  not 
continue  to  advise  its  patrons  to  use  potash  m  order 
to  benefit  manufacturers  at  the  expense  of  farmers. 

I  liave  been  greatly  surprised  that  Mr.  Stubbs  expe- 
rience has  made  so  little  impression.  I  think  Mr. 
Stubbs  alluded  to  potash  on  "tobacco"  principally.  His 
opinion,  however,  has  made  no  impression,  as  all  tobacco 
fertilizers  continue  to  come  with  a  high  per  cent,  of  pot- 
ash. All  Mr.  Stubbs'  experiments  were  in  Gloucester, 
where  the  soil  is  supposed  to  be  devoid  of  potash,  whilst 
our  soil  here  has  it  sufficiently,  according  to  Professor 
]\Iassev  and  many  others. 

Experience  has  pretty  conclusively  shown  here  that 
tobacco  wants  "phosphoric  acid"  and  nothing  else.  Still 
when  farmers  see  agricultural  papers  urging  use  of 
potash,  especially  on  tobacco,  they  imagine  that  per- 
haps their  experience  is  wrong,  and  continue  to  buy  it. 

This  is  contradictory  to  all  theory,  and  as  Mr. 
Stubbs  says,  he  imagined  that  of  all  plants  tobacco 
stood  more  in  need  of  potash. 

I  think  I've  heard  that  Mr.  Stubbs  is  not  only  a 
practical  farmer,  but  also  a  scientific  man.  I  should 
imagine  that  his  opinions  ought  to  have  a  great  weight. 

J.  S.  Wood. 

Albemarle  Co.,  Va. 

Dr.  Stubbs.  who  is  a  most  able  and  scientific  chemist, 
and  director  of  the  Louisiana  Experiment  Station,  is 
also  a  farmer  in  Gloucester  county,  Va.,  where  he  owns 
the  old  ancestral  home  of  his  family.  This  plantation 
is  managed  under  his  direction  by  his  nephew,  who  has 
had  a  scientific  education.  In  the  course  of  experiments 
which  he  conducts  regularly  every  year  on  his  Virginia 
farm  in  a  scientific  manner,  he  has  arrived  at  the  con- 
clusion that  potash  is  little  needed,  even  on  the  Eastern 
lands  of  this  State,  except  it  may  be  for  tobacco,  Irish 
potatoes  and  some  vegetable  crops. '  On  the  middle  and 
Western  lands  he  does  not  think  it  at  all  necessary 
except  for  these  special  crops.  His  opinion  ought  to 
have  weight  as  he  is  a  most  careful  experimenter  and 
has  had  a  long  experience  both  theoretical  and  prac- 
tical.— Ed. 


244 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


SOWING  CRIMSON  CLOVER  SEED. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

For  years  I  have  been  sowing  crimson  clover,  both  to 
turn  in  and  for  grazing.  As  a  fertilizer  it  is  estimated 
to  be  worth  about  $10  per  acre.  It  gives  better  spring 
grazing,  while  it  lasts,  than  any  grass  we  have.  The 
seed  ranges  in  price  from  $2.50  to  $4  per  bushel,  and  up 
to  a  year  or  two  ago  I  had  great  trouble  in  getting  "a 
stand." 

I  determined,  if  it  could  be  done,  to  save  my  own 
seed.  I  wrote  to  the  Aultman-Taylor  people  for  prices 
on  clover-hulling  machinery,  and  found  it  cost  too  much 
for  a  small  quantity — $500  to  $800 — so  I  concluded 
I  would  cut  it  with  my  mowing  machine,  rake  in  wind 
rows  when  the  dew  was  on,  and  then  beat  out  as  you 
would  black  field  peas  or  oats,  when  only  small  quanti- 
ties (of  oats)  are  needed. 

It  was  more  than  a  success.  I  not  only  got  more 
seed  than  I  needed,  but  seed  that  cost  me  but  little,  and 
which  would  always  germinate.  Since  then  (about  three 
or  four  years  ago)  I  have  never  had  to  buy  any  seed. 
This  season  I  cut  less  than  two  acres  and  I  secured 
enough  seed  to  sow  over  forty,  and  I  have  beautiful 
stands  wherever  sown.  I  will  be  more  than  glad  to  give 
further  information  about  this  to  anyone  interested. 

Several  of  my  friends  are  now  sowing  their  seed  with 
the  same  results  I  have  mentioned.  The  seed  will  be  no 
trouble  to  sow,  though  they  are  in  the  husk  and  look 
like  Orchard  grass.  A  man  can  sow  a  drift  of  five  or 
six  feet.  It  cost  me  less  than  $5  to  save  the  seed.  So 
on  forty  acres  at  75  cents  an  acre  (one  peck  at  $3  per 
bushel,  the  present  price)  I  save  $25,  and,  what  is  best 
of  all,  get  perfect  results. 

Isle  of  Wight  Co.,  Va.  C.  F.  Day. 


FERTILITY  WITHOUT  HUMUS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

It  is  usually  taken  for  granted  by  farmers  that  com- 
mon clay  contains  no  plant  food.  They  think  the  latter 
exists  only  in  humus  or  decayed  vegetable  matter.  Such 
an  impression  comes  from  the  fact  that  in  worn-out 
land  the  humus  has  disappeared  and  nothing  but  clay 
remains. 

It  is  true  that  little  plant  food  that  is  available  exists 
in  such  clay,  for  the  nutrient  element  has  been 
weathered  out,  or  carried  away  in  crops.  There  is  plant 
food  still  remaining,  hwever,  but  it  is  not  in  a  chemical 
condition  suitable  for  absorption  by  the  plant. 

That  plant  food  exists  abundantly  in  clay  that  has 
not  been  exhausted,  we  have  many  proofs.  Near  my 
place  there  is  a  fill  in  the  public  road,  the  dirt  for  which 
was  taken  from  a  red  clay  hill  that  contained  no  humus 
whatever.  Yet  the  sides  of  that  fill  now  sustain  a  vigor- 
ous  growth    of   blackberry   briers.     The   briers   must 


obtain  their  plant  food  from  the  clay,  the  elements  of 
wliich  have  been  made  soluble  by  the  incidental  manipu- 
lation and  exposure  to  the  weather. 

In  a  similar  manner  I  have  seen  peach  trees  growing 
on  the  sides  of  railway  embankments  where  it  did  not 
seem  at  all  probable  that  there  could  have  been  any 
humus.  At  least  it  could  not  have  existed  in  sufficient 
quantities  to  have  produced  the  observed  result. 

A  few  years  after  the  siege  at  Knoxville,  during  the 
Civil  War,  I  noticed  rank  vegetation  growing  on  the 
mounds  of  clay  thrown  up  from  the  rifle-pits  on  the 
picket  line.  Poke  stalks  were  especially  vigorous.  In 
this  case  it  may  be  argued  that  the  superimposed  layer 
of  clay  was  so  thin  that  the  roots  of  the  large  plants 
penetrated  to  the  original  surface  and  fed  on  the  humus 
there  found,  but  this  would  not  seem  to  account  for  the 
growth  being  more  vigorous  than  on  the  adjacent  sur- 
face where  there  was  no  superimposed  clay. 

I  have  also  noticed  a  decided  improvement  in  crops 
where  clay  has  washed  down  upon  low  land  at  the  foot 
of  a  hill.  In  all  the  cases  mentioned,  the  clay  must, 
of  course,  have  sufficient  length  of  exposure  to  the 
action  of  air,  rain  and  frost.  If  a  lot  of  raw  clay  should 
be  turned  up  in  the  spring,  and  at  once  planted,  the 
result  would  prove  disastrous. 

Still  another  evidence  that  humus  is  not  essential  to 
fertility  is  furnished  by  irrigated  lands  in  arid  dis- 
tricts. There  has  been  no  opportunity  for  vegetable 
mold  to  accumulate  on  these  lands,  and  yet  they  are 
exceedingly  productive.  The  plant  food  lies  in  abund- 
ance near  the  surface  because  there  have  been  no  rains 
to  wash  it  away,  nor  has  it  been  exhausted  by  crops. 

I  do  not  set  forth  these  facts  as  newly  discovered,  but 
as  overlooked  by  the  general  farmer.  The  exhaustion 
of  our  fields  is,  perhaps,  as  much  a  result  of  shallow 
and  imperfect  cultivation  as  of  a  loss  of  humus.  In 
fact,  it  has  been  claimed  that  deep  and  thorough  cul- 
tivation will  make  humus.  It  may  be  better  to  say  that 
it  will  preserve  humus  and  make  plant  food  more  avail- 
able. We  certainly  may  say  that  the  better  the  cultiva- 
tion the  less  need  for  a  fertilizer  and  the  more  it  effects. 
To  use  an  expensive  fertilizer  on  poorly  cultivated  lands 
is  anything  but  a  paying  business. 

Knox  Co.,  Tenn.  K.  N.  Crast. 

Whilst  it  is  undoubtedly  true  that  most  clays  are 
rich  in  plant  food,  yet  it  is  equally  true  that  unless  these 
clays  become  filled  with  humus  they  cannot  be  kept  in 
a  condition  in  which  plants  can  utilize  that  food.  In 
hot  dry  weather  they  bake  into  bricks,  whilst  in  wet 
weather  they  become  puddles.  Neither  conditions  are 
conductive  to  plant  growth.  The  presence  of  humus 
prevents  both  these  conditions  and  makes  clay  soils  some 
of  the  most  productive  soils  in  the  world.  A  clay  soil 
devoid  of  humus  can  never  be  kept  in  a  productive  con- 
dition by  cultivation  alone,  as  it  practically  becomes  im- 
possible to  work  in  either  very  dry  or  wet  weather. — 
Ed. 


Mention  the  Planter  to  vour  friends. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


245 


inPROVINQ  nOUNTAIN  LAND  PASTURES. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

I  take  pleasure  in  describing  the  value  of  our  moun- 
tain lands.  As  my  father  owns  several  thousand  acres, 
I  have  had  some  experience  in  the  management  of  the 
same.  In  regard  to  Mr.  Reynolds'  letter,  will  say  that 
we  have  lands  at  an  altitude  between  3,500  and  5,000 
feet,  and  we  think  that  these  lands  make  the  finest  pas- 
tures in  the  South. 

The  land  is  very  black  and  deep,  with  very  rich  soil, 
composed  of  rotten  vegetable  matter,  which  grows  a  very 
heavy  growth  of  wild  weeds  or  rattle  weeds.  In  order 
to  get  a  good  stand  of  grass  the  land  should  be  culti- 
vated one  year,  or  sow  the  grass  seed  (Orchard,  Herds 
and  Blue  grass)  the  same  year  in  the  corn.  This  land 
will  make  40  bushels  of  corn  to  the  acre,  and  the  pas- 
tures will  last  from  30  to  50  j'ears.  Mr.  W.  D. 
McCracken,  of  Crabtree,  N.  C,  keeps  his  short  horns  on 
his  pastures  until  Christmas  in  good  condition. 

As  the  land  is  cold  it  should  be  free  from  shade  or 
trees.  The  grass  is  very  tender  from  early  spring  until 
very  cold  weather.  The  land  will  keep  one  short  horn 
three  years  old  on  every  two  acres  for  several  months. 
The  sod  will  be  equal  to  any  lawn  or  bottom  land  hay 
field,  and  after  a  good  stand  of  grass  will  get  better 
without  renewal  almost  to  the  end  of  time. 

A  very  economical  way  of  setting  mountain  lands  is 
to  clean  up  the  undergrowth,  deaden  all  standing  trees, 
sow  seed  March  1st,  then  keep  enough  calves  (year  olds) 
on  same  to  keep  the  weeds  down,  and  then  the  grass 
will  spread  to  a  solid  sod. 

Our  mountain  land  will  make  cattle  fatter  than  any 
other  land  in  pasture,  but  will  not  grow  them  as  large 
on  account  of  the  lack  of  lime  in  our  soil.  And  as  to 
finishing  cattle,  I  am  sure  that  yoxi  cannot  find  a  soil 
that  will  equal  ours  in  West  North  Carolina. 

Mr.  R.  E.  Osborne,  of  Waynesville,  N.  C,  finished 
cattle  on  his  mountain  pastures,  making  a  gain  aver- 
aging 437  lbs.  per  head  in  one  season. 

Haywood  Co.,  N.  C.  Alden  Howell,  Jr. 


COAL  ASHES. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Seeing  an  item  in  the  Planter  some  time  ago  stating 
that  there  was  no  fertilizing  value  in  coal  ashes,  and 
recently  several  articles  relating  to  the  cause  and  pre- 
vention of  potato  scab,  will  give  you  a  little  of  my  expe- 
rience in  Pennsylvania.  Some  years  ago  I  had  a  piece 
of  land  cleaned  off  and  had  it  broken  up  for  Irish  pota- 
toes. The  land  had  been  a  sugar  bush  timbered  with 
sugar   maple,   therefore,   I   considered   it   plenty   rich 


enough  without  manure,  but  when  I  planted  I  put  a 
pretty  good  sprinkling  of  coal  ashes  right  on  the  pota- 
toes in  the  furrows  of  part  of  the  lot,  then  covered  as 
usual.  When  I  dug  them  in  the  fall  the  part  that  had 
the  coal  ash  application  had  considerably  larger  and 
nicer  tubors  and  they  were  entirely  free  from  sc&b.  I 
have  since  used  coal  ashes  occasionally,  and  I  always 
found  nice  clean  tubers  where  so  treated,  and  this  leads 
me  to  believe  that  there  is  some  fertility  in  coal  ashes, 
and  that  they  might  be  used  to  advantage  as  a  preven- 
tive of  potash  scab. 
Goochland  Co.,  Va. 

It  is  possible  that  ashes  may  be  a  preventive  of  scab, 
though  we  know  of  no  chemical  reason  why  they  should 
so  act,  but  certainly  they  have  no  value  as  a  fertilizer  as 
they  contain  no  plant  food. — Ed. 


KILLING  STUMPS— LICE  ON  HOQS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

I  noticed  in  the  March  issue  of  the  Planter  a  query 
by  L.  C.  A.,  who  wished  to  know  a  simple  and  cheap 
way  to  kill  stumps,  such  as  gum  and  poplar.  Having 
received  so  much  valuable  information  through  the 
Planter  I  can,  and  will,  furnish  the  desired  informa- 
tion: 

With  a  hoe  pull  away  the  dirt  around  the  stump  till 
the  roots  nearest  the  surface  are  exposed.  The  dirt  must 
be  pulled  away  about  13  or  15  inches  from  the  stump, 
then  place  dry  brush  around  the  stump  and  burn  till 
the  exposed  roots  are  well  heated,  and  the  stump  will 
surely  die,  never  putting  out  another  sprout.  I  clear 
some  land  every  year,  and  all  stumps  too  large  to  take 
up  with  a  hoe  I  kill  in  this  way.  I  have  killed  many 
stumps  with  an  armful  of  corn  stalks  applied  in  the 
above  way.  I  think  kerosene  oil  would  do  as  well, 
though  the  brush  or  corn  stalks  is  cheaper  and  avail- 
able. If  the  stumps  have  no  roots  near  the  surface 
dig  around  the  stump  about  8  inches  deep  and  bum  as 
above  directed.  While  I  am  writing  I  will  give  a 
remedy  to  rid  hogs  of  lice.  Take  a  small  wooden  pad- 
dle and  dip  in  gas  tar  and  apply  to  the  hog  where  the 
nits  are  most  found,  say  on  both  sides  of  the  neck 
and  hams.  If  the  first  application  does  not  suffice  make 
the  second  in  a  week  or  ten  days,  and  it  will  utterly 
exterminate  the  lice.  This  can  be  done  while  the  hogs 
are  eating  slop,  which  saves  the  trouble  of  catching 
and  holding  them.  M.  C.  Hawkes. 

Nottoway  Co.,  Va. 


Mention  the  Planter  when  corresponding  with  adver- 
tisers. 


246 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


ENQUIRER'S  COLUMN. 


Enqturiee  should  be  sent  to  the  office  of  The  Southern  PUaUer 
Richmond,  Va.,  not  later  than  the  15th  of  the  month,  for  re 
plies  to  appear  in  the  next  month's  issue  of  the  Planter. 

Soia  Beans. 

I  should  be  greatly  obliged  for  the  experience, 
through  the  columns  of  the  Southern  Planter,  of  any 
of  your  patrons  as  to  the  growing,  cultivation,  etc.,  of 
Soja  beans  in  connection  with  ensilage  corn  for  ensiling 
together.  Also  as  to  the  growing,  harvesting,  thresh- 
ing and  feeding  of  Soja  beans  as  a  grain  crop  for  grind- 
ing into  meal  to  take  the  place  of  cottonseed  meal, 
bran,  etc.,  and  as  a  forage  crop  to  be  made  into  hay. 

Shenandoah  Co.,  Va.  W.  H.  Newman. 

In  this  issue  you  will  find  an  article  dealing  with 
Soy  beans  as  a  fodder  crop.  In  last  month's  issue  you 
will  also  find  an  article,  "All  flesh  is  grass,"  recom- 
mending them.  They  can  also  be  grown  with  corn  for 
the  silo,  but  we  prefer  to  grow  them  alone  and  then 
cut  and  fill  into  the  silo  with  the  corn  load  for  load. 
This  makes  excellent  silage,  and  you  get  a  much  heavier 
yield  per  acre  than  when  grown  together  with  the  com. 
When  grown  for  the  grain  alone  they  should  be  planted 
in  drills  2  feet  apart  and  10  inches  apart  in  the  row 
and  be  allowed  to  stand  until  the  pods  begin  to  turn 
yellow,  but  not  until  they  are  ripe,  or  they  will  shell 
out  badly.  Then  cut  and  bind  in  bundles  and  set  up 
in  shocks  like  wheat  until  cured  thoroughly.  They 
may  then  be  thrashed  out  with  the  separator,  taking 
out  the  whole  or  part  of  the  concaves  and  running  the 
machine  slowly.  They  should  not  be  put  in  large 
bulk  until  thoroughly  dry,  as  they  heat  quickly.  We 
shall  have  more  to  say  about  this  crop  when  writing 
on  forage  crops  in  our  next  issue. — Ed. 


Corn  Fertilizer — Composition  of  Fertilizers. 

I  have  a  field  that  has  been  pastured  for  several  years 
which  I  propose  to  plant  in  corn.  Will  it  pay  me  to 
use  commercial  fertilizer?  If  so,  what?  When  and 
how  should  it  be  applied? 

I  am  offered  a  fertilizer  said  to  contain  4  per  cent, 
potash,  10  per  cent,  phosphate  and  86  per  cent? 

Now,  can't  I  get  this  80  lbs.  potash  and  200  lbs. 
phosphate  and  use  them  without  hauling  and  handling 
1,720  lbs.  sand,  or  whatever  it  may  be?  If  so,  where 
can  I  get  them,  and  how  and  when  apply  ? 

What  and  how  much  should  I  use  for  cow-peas,  and 
when  and  how  apply  ?    Also  for  Irish  potatoes. 

Henrico  Co.,  Va.  "W." 

In  this  issue  you  will  find  in  an  article  on  '*Work 
for  the  Month"  our  views  on  com  fertilizing.  Phos- 
phorus, the  element  from  which  phosphoric  acid  is 
obtained,  is  Qnavailable  for  use  as  a  fertilizer.     It  is 


so  highly  combustible  that  on  exposure  to  the  air  it 
bursts  into  flame  and  has  to  be  kept  under  water  to 
preserve  it  for  use  in  scientific  experiments.  Phos- 
phoric acid  for  use  as  a  fertilizer  is  always  in  some 
combination;  most  generally  as  a  phosphate  of  lime, 
as  in  bone  and  South  Carolina  rock.  In  this  combina- 
tion it  is  largely  in  an  unavailable  form  or  only  slowly 
available.  To  render  it  available  the  rock  or  bone  ia 
treated  with  about  an  equal  quantity  of  sulphuric  acid. 
When  the  acid  is  mixed  with  the  rock  or  bone  it  com- 
bines with  two-thirds  of  the  lime,  forming  sulphate 
of  lime  (plaster),  and  leaving  the  phosphoric  acid  pre- 
viously united  with  all  the  lime  united  with  one-third 
of  the  lime  as  mono-phosphate  of  lime.  This  mono- 
phosphate is  then  in  a  condition  to  give  up  its  phos- 
phoric acid  to  the  crop,  the  same  being  in  that  form 
soluble  in  water.  The  buyer  of  a  ton  of  acid  phos- 
phate, analyzing  10  per  cent,  phosphoric  acid,  does  not 
therefore  haul  and  handle  sand  or  useless  material  to 
the  extent  of  1,500  lbs.  to  the  ton,  but  800  lbs.  of 
phosphate  of  lime  containing  200  lbs.  of  available  phos- 
phoric acid  and  1,200  lbs.  of  sulphate  of  lime  (plaster), 
which  in  itself  is  available  as  a  fertilizer.  In  no  other 
form  can  you  get  phosphoric  acid  for  use  as  a  fertilizer 
than  as  a  phosphate  of  lime.  In  the  case  of  potash — 
this  is  a  natural  mineral  production  brought  into  this 
country  from  German)'.  In  the  mines  it  exists  in  com- 
bination with  other  salts  and  minerals.  Kainit  is  the 
form  in  which  it  is  most  largely  combined  with  other 
elements.  Kainit  analyses  usually  only  12  per  cent, 
of  potash  and  the  other  88  per  cent,  is  largely  chloride 
of  sodium  (common  salt).  In  the  form  of  muriate  of 
potash  there  is  usually  about  45  to  50  per  cent,  of  pot- 
ash, and  the  other  50  per  cent,  is  made  up  of  other 
salts  and  acids.  In  buying  muriate  of  potash  or  sul- 
phate of  potash,  which  is  even  purer  than  muriate,  you 
will  get  the  least  admixture  of  any  other  element  in 
any  form  of  potash,  and  therefore  have  less  to  haul 
and  handle  to  get  the  same  quantity  of  pure  potash. 
You  can  get  the  80  lbs.  of  potash  you  mention  in 
something  less  than  200  lbs.  of  muriate  of  potash  and 
the  200  lbs.  of  phosphoric  acid  in  1,500  lbs.  of  14  per 
cent,  acid  phosphate. 

For  cow-peas  apply  from  250  to  350  lbs.  to  the  acre 
of  acid  phosphate.  For  Irish  potatoes  a  good  fer- 
tilizer may  be  made  up  of  300  lbs.  nitrate  of  soda,  600 
lbs.  cotton  seed  meal,  800  lbs.  acid  phosphate,  300  lbs. 
muriate  of  potash  to  make  a  ton.  Use  from  400  to 
1,000  lbs.  to  the  acre.— Ed. 


When  corresponding  with  advertisers  mention  the 
Planter. 


1903.1 


THE  SOU  I  HERN  PLANTER. 


247 


Sorghum  and  Millet — Plowing  for  Wheat. 

I  want  to  know  how  will  sorghum  and  millet  do  to 
sow  for  feed  for  stock.  Will  they  mature  together?  If 
so,  how  much  to  the  acre,  and  when  to  sow  it,  and  at 
what  stage  to  cut  it.  I  also  want  to  know  about  break- 
ing land  for  wheat  at  this  time  of  the  year  and  then  let 
it  lay  till  July,  as  I  can  plow  then  with  less  rain. 
By  plowing  now  is  it  against  the  land  or  not  ?  I  have 
about  forty  acres  of  old  Held  that  has  been  cleared 
of  pine  and  stumps  and  has  been  run  for  years 
and  is  too  thin  for  clover,  and  as  labor  cannot  be  had 
it  is  left  to  lay.  I  don't  want  it  to  grow  up  again  in 
brush.  I  broke  part  of  my  land  last  spring  at  idle 
times,  and  if  I  had  not  done  so  then  it  would  not  have 
been  in  wheat  to-day,  as  it  was  so  dry.  I  could  plow 
where  I  broke  in  the  spring  when  I  could  not  crack  the 
other  land.  I  never  had  a  finer  looking  wheat  crop 
at  this  time  of  the  year. 

Ouildford  Co.,  N.  C.  D.  B.  Smith. 

Sow  the  sorghum  and  millet  separately,  as  they  will 
not  mature  together.  Millet  and  peas  and  sorghum  and 
peas  make  good  hay  when  grown  together.  Break  the 
land  for  wheat  as  soon  as  convenient,  and  keep  work- 
ing it  during  the  summer  and  up  to  within  a  short 
time  of  seceding,  and  you  will  make  a  wheat  crop. — Ed. 


Qras5  for  Name. 

I  send  you  to-day  under  separate  cover  a  sample  of 
grass  that  seems  to  grow  vigorously  in  a  piece  of  low 
land  I  have.  Will  you  please  give  me  the  name  of  the 
grass?  I  would  like  to  put  the  land  in  it  for  a  per- 
manent pasture.  It  stays  green  nearly  all  the  winter 
and  can't  be  killed  easily. 

Princess  Anne  Co.,  Va.  . .  Thos.  S.  Land. 

It  is  impossible  for  us  to  name  a  grass  from  a  small 
sample  of  the  first  spring  growth.  We  must  have  the 
seed  stalk  with  the  seed  head  on  it  and  the  root.  If 
you  will  send  us  these  later,  we  will  endeavor  to  help 
you. — Ed. 


Blight  on  Apple  Trees. 

Some  of  my  young  apple  trees  are  affected  with  what 
I  call  blight.  The  ends  of  some  of  the  twigs  are  dead. 
You  will  find  some  twigs  enclosed.  Will  you  kindly 
tell  me  in  the  next  issue  of  the  Planter  what  kind  of 
insects  are  on  them,  and  if  they  are  very  injurious? 
Also  suggest  a  remedy ;  and  oblige  a  subscriber. 

Accomac  Co.,  Va.  Lee  R.  Phillips. 

The  dead  twigs  have  suffered  from  twig  blight,  a 
disease  of  the  same  nature  as  that  called  "fire  blight" 
in  pears.  It  is  a  bacterial  disease  for  which  no  remedy 
has  yet  been  found  except  to  cut  out  the  dead  twigs 
below  the  point  to  which  the  disease  has  run.  The 
apple  being  much  more  resistant  to  the  disease  than 


the  pear,  it  does  not  often  cause  more  than  temporary 
injury.  Spray  the  trees  with  Bordeaux  Mixture  as  ad- 
vised in  our  Spray  calendar  published  in  last  month's 
issue. — Ed. 


Corn  Fertilizzr. 

In  next  issue  of  your  excellent  paper  kindly  tell  what 
a  good  fertilizer  for  corn  should  contain,  and  how  much 
per  acre  should  be  applied  (broadcast)  on  land  from 
which  a  medium  crop  of  clover  hay  was  cut  last  sea- 
son. This  land  will  produce  30  or  25  bushels  corn  per 
acre  without  the  use  of  any  fertilizer,  if  season  is  good. 

Northuinherland  Co.,   Va.  Subscriber. 

See  our  article,  "Work  for  the  Month,"  in  this  issue — 
Ed. 


Seeding  Crimson  Clover  and  Vetch. 

Will  you  please  tell  me  if  I  can  put  in  vetch  and  crim- 
son clover  seed  with  peas,  say  in  July,  and  get  a  stand 
of  the  vetch  and  clover,  or  will  the  peas  shade  it  to 
death  ?  I  expect  to  mow  the  peas  off  for  hay  in  the  fall. 

Iredell  Co.,  N.  C.  0.  E.  Shook. 

We  have  known  crimson  clover  to  be  seeded  with  peas 
in  July  and  August,  and  to  make  a  stand,  but  it  is  a  risky 
proceeding,  as  if  the  peas  are  at  all  a  heavy  crop  they 
will  smother  the  clover.  It  is  too  early  to  sow  vetch  ia 
July.  This  crop  can  well  be  seeded  after  the  peas  are 
cut  for  liay,  and  unless  the  peas  be  cut  very  late  the 
crimson  clover  can  also  be  then  seeded,  though  not  with 
quite  as  good  a  chance  of  success  as  if  seeded  in  Au- 
gust.— Ed. 


Cut  Worms  and   Tomatoes— Fertilizer  for  Toma- 
toes— Qrubs  in  the  Backs  of  Cattle. 

I  have  been  troubled  with  worms  cutting  off  my 
tomato  plants  as  soon  as  they  are  set  out ;  what  is  a  pre- 
ventative? How  much  fertilizer  must  I  use  to  insure 
a  good  crop  of  tomatoes  on  land  which  will  produce 
from  5  to  6  barrels  of  corn  per  acre?  Is  it  proper  to 
remove  the  so-called  "wolves"  from  the  backs  of  cattle 
or  let  nature  pursue  its  course  in  expelling  them? 
Which  do  you  consider  the  better  method  of  cultivating 
corn,  flat  or  in  beds,  and  what  the  best  implement  to  use 
in  working  it? 

Westmoreland  Co.,  Va.  F.  E.  Omohundeo. 

Previous  to  setting  out  the  tomato  plants,  and  when 
the  field  is  clear  of  vegetation  of  any  kind,  mix  Paris 
green  with  bran  moistened  so  that  it  will  stick  together 
in  balls.  A  little  molasses  mixed  with  it  will  help  it  to 
stick  and  make  it  more  attractive  to  the  worms.  Drop 
the  balls  at  intervals  over  the  field.  The  worms  will 
find  them  and  be  poisoned.  Or  dip  bimehes  of  green 
clover  in  Paris  green  mixed  in  water,  and  drop  these  at 
intervals  over  the  field.  In  this  issue  you  will  find  an 
article  dealing  with  the  tomato  crop  in  which  you  will 


248 


THE  SOU'lHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


find  our  views  on  this  fertilizer  best  suited  to  meet  the 
needs  of  the  crop.  These  so  called  "wolves"  are  one 
stage  in  the  life  history  of  a  fly  which  troubles  cattle 
when  flying  about.  They  should  be  squeezed  out  of  the 
hole,  which  will  be  found  at  the  top  of  each  cell,  and  be 
killed,  and  thus  lessen  the  number  of  pests  for  another 
year. — Ed. 

Johnson  Grass. 

Professor  Massey  strongly  condemns  Johnson  grass 
and  sustains  his  argument  with  the  experiences  of  farm- 
ers residing  in  the  cotton  and  sugar  regions.  Do  you 
know  any  farmer  residing  north  of  Richmond,  Va.,  who 
has  experimented  with  this  grass?  Bulletin  No.  11,  on 
Johnson  grass,  of  the  United  States  Department  of  Ag 
riculture,  throws  no  light  on  this  inquiry,  for  the  inves- 
tigations of  its  author,  Mr.  E.  E.  Ball,  were  confined 
to  the  States  of  Alabama,  Louisiana,  and  Texas,  and  is 
therefore  of  no  more  weight  for  us  farmers  in  Northern 
Virginia  than  bulletins  devoted  to  cotton  and  sugar. 
We  need  a  permanent  pasturage  grass,  which  will  be  to 
our  lands  what  Blue  grass  is  to  my  old  home  limestune 
farm  in  Ohio. 

Can  you  aid  to  that  end?  R  S.  Lacet. 

Alexandria  Co.,  Ta. 

We  have  heard  of  several  farmers  to  the  north  of 
this  city  who  have  tried  Johnson  grass  and  are  satis- 
fied with  it.  It  makes  a  good  growth,  and,  cut  early 
enough,  makes  good  hay.  It  is  valuable  as  a  pasture, 
but  should  not  be  grazed  too  closely.  It  may  be  killed 
out  by  close  grazing  in  this  State  and  by  exposing  the 
roots  to  the  winter's  frost.  Bermuda  grass  makes  the 
best  summer  pasture  of  any  grass  we  know  of  for  the 
eastern  and  middle  sections  of  this  State,  and  Virginia 
Blue  grass  (Poa  compressa)  for  the  other  sections. — Ed. 

Failure  of  Soil  to  Grow  Crops— Insects  in  Seed. 

Please  advise  me  in  your  next  issue  about  the  follow- 
ing: 

1.  I  have  a  piece  of  land  which  I  think  is  very  rich 
and  light,  with  cla;v  subsoil,  which  makes  a  fine  yield 
of  col  lards,  corn  and  snaps,  but  turnips  and  salad  don't 
do  so  well.  Salad  comes  very  readily,  but  is  a  light, 
delicate  green,  and  in  spring  after  having  been  through 
the  bad  weather,  it  puts  out  very  small,  but  with  a  very 
good  flavor. 

2.  I  used  a  piece  of  land  for  tomatoes  which  is  very 
light  and  rich,  with  a  slight  sprinkling  of  clay  and  with 
clay  subsoil,  and  after  seeing  that  they  did  not  make 
the  yield  they  ought  to  do,  as  the  vines  grew  fast 
enough,  I  tried  nitrate  of  soda,  a  small  quantity,  and  in 
a  short  while  the  vines  became  yellow,  and  showed  signs 
of  dying.  This  I  do  not  attribute  to  the  soda,  as  the 
same  land  did  so  on  previous  occasions.  It  brings  snaps, 
butter  beans,  etc.  I  depend  on  stock  manure,  but  tried 
the  crops  without  manure,  as  I  thought  the  land  was 


in  prime  condition,  having  been  manured  for  previous 
crops. 

3.  I  kept  snaps  in  hulls  in  a  bag  in  a  dry  place  for 
seed,  but  on  looking  over  my  seed  the  other  day  I  dis- 
covered that  they  were  full  of  insects.  What  must  I  do 
to  get  rid  of  these  ? 

Chesterfield  Co.,  Va.  A  Subscriber. 

1.  The  failure  of  the  land  to  grow  turnips  and  salad 
would  indicate  that  it  is  lacking  in  nitrogen  and  potash. 
We  would  apply  100  lbs.  of  muriate  of  potash  and  100 
lbs.  of  nitrate  of  soda  and  500  lbs.  of  cotton  seed  meal 
to  the  acre. 

2.  We  tliink  if  you  had  applied  100  or  150  lbs.  of 
nitrate  of  soda  to  the  acre  on  the  tomato  field  that  it 
would  have  had  a  good  effect,  that  is,  assuming  the  land 
to  be  as  well  supplied  with  fertility,  as  you  suggest.  It 
may  be  that  this  land  also  lacks  potash  as  well  as  nitro- 
gen. It  would  be  well  to  test  this  by  applying  muriate 
of  potash  to  some  part  of  it. 

3.  Put  the  seed  snaps  into  a  box  and  place  a  saucer 
full  of  bisulphide  of  carbon  on  the  top  of  them  and 
close  up  tightly,  and  this  will  destroy  all  insect  life  in 
them.  Be  careful  to  keep  lights  away  from  the  bisul- 
phide, as  it  is  very  explosive. — Ed. 


Top-Dressing  for  Meadow — Fertilizer  for  Young: 
Apple  Trees 

1.  What  makes  the  best  top  dressing  for  meadow? 
Would  you  harrow  after  making  application? 

2.  What  is  the  best  fertilizer  for  young  apple  trees? 
Patrick  Co.,  Ya.  R.  S.  Martin. 

1.  In  our  last  issue  in  our  article  on  "Work  for  the 
Month"  you  will  find  particulars  of  the  fertilizer  used 
by  Mr.  Clark  in  his  most  successful  grass  growing 
experiments.  The  fertilizers  he  uses  we  can  endorse  as 
being  suitable.  The  quantity  per  acre  we  should  much 
reduce,  say  to  one-half,  unless  the  land  had  been  as  per- 
fectly prepared  as  Mr.  Clark's.  In  a  series  of  experi- 
ments made  at  the  Rhode  Island  Experiment  Station, 
three  plots  of  grass  land  have  been  tested  with  difl'erent 
top  dressings  for  the  last  four  years,  with  the  following 
results:  On  each  of  the  plots  130  lbs.  of  phosphoric  acid 
per  acre  supplied  by  807  lbs.  of  acid  phosphate  has  been 
applied  in  each  year.  In  1899  and  1900  180  lbs.  of 
muriate  of  potash  was  applied  to  each  plot.  In  1901 
and  1902  200  and  300  lbs.  of  muriate  of  potash  were 
applied,  respectively.  On  plot  17  no  nitrate  of  soda  was 
applied,  on  plot  19  130  lbs.  of  nitrate  of  soda  was  applied 
per  year,  and  on  plot  21  414  lbs.  of  nitrate  of  soda  was 
applied  per  year.  The  following  are  yields  of  field  cured 
hay  harvested  in  1902  from  these  three  plots  thus  top 
dressed : 


1903.J 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


249 


Plot  17,  without  nitrate  of  soda,  but 

with  the  phosphoric  acid  and  pot- 
ash mentioned  above 2,950  lbs.  per  acre. 

Plot  19,  with  138  lbs.  nitrate  of  soda 

and  the  acid  and  potash  mentioned 

above 4,850  lbs.  per  acre. 

Plot  21,  with  41-1  lbs.  nitrate  of  soda 

and  the  acid  and  potash  mentioned 

above 8,200  lbs.  per  acre. 

2.  For  the  young  orchard  apply  250  lbs.  of  acid  phos- 
phate and  150  lbs.  muriate  of  potash  per  acre,  and  sow 
cow-peas  to  plow  down  in  the  fall  and  then  follow  with 
crimson  clover  or  vetches  for  a  winter  cover — Ed. 


Lame  Horse. 

I  want  some  information  about  curbs  on  horses.  My 
horse  has  a  knot  on  both  liind  legs  just  below  the  knee 
joint.     Can  you  recommend  anything  to  cure  same? 

Brunswick  Co.,  Va.  C.  I.  Mitchell. 

Firing  is  the  best  remedy  for  a  long  standing  curb, 
and  even  this  is  not  always  effectual.  The  animal 
should  have  rest,  and  high-heeled  shoes  should  be  ap- 
plied.— Ed. 


Cow-Peas  and  Oats — Cow-Peas  and  Corn — Killing 
Persimmons. 

We  of  this  section  know  but  little  about  raising  cow 
peas  for  hay  or  forage,  and  I  am  going  to  ask  for  some 
information  along  that  line.  How  would  it  do  to  sow 
peas,  corn,  and  oats  together  about  the  10th  of  May, 
to  cut  for  hay  when  peas  are  ready,  and,  if  advisable, 
how  much  of  each  should  be  sown  ?  Expect  to  put  them 
in  with  a  wheat  drill  and  use  small  amount  of  fertilizer. 
Would  you  advise  planting  peas  in  the  hill  with  com, 
where  corn  is  to  be  ciit  by  hand? 

You  can  say  to  your  inquirer  who  wants  to  know 
how  to  get  rid  of  his  persimmon  bushes  that  if  he  will 
cut  them  off  even  with  the  top  of  the  ground  during 
the  months  of  January  or  February  he  will  find  it  a 
sure  way  to  get  rid  of  them.  This  is  best  done  when 
the  ground  is  frozen,  and  it  is  claimed  to  be  more  suc- 
cessful if  done  at  that  time.  This  plan  acts  equally 
well  with  all  other  kinds  of  bushes. 

Fauquier  Co.,  Va.  W.  L.  Eichaeds. 

Cow  peas  and  corn  may  be  sovm  together  in  May,  but 
we  do  not  think  that  oats  sown  with  them  will  be  likely 
to  make  much  growth.  We  think  sorghum  seeded  with 
peas  make  a  better  hay  than  com.  If  put  in  with  a 
drill,  half  a  bushels  of  peas  and  a  peek  of  sorghum  will 
be  sufficient.  If  com  is  planted  with  the  peas,  a  peck 
will  be  sufficient.  The  practice  of  planting  cow  peas  in 
the  hill  with  corn  is  being  largely  practiced  in  some  sec- 
tions, and  with  good  results.  They  are  so  planted  even 
when  the  corn  is  to  be  cut  with  a  machine.  For  filling 
the  silo,  this  makes  a  most  valuable  crop,  as  the  result  is 


a  much  better  balanced  ration  for  stock.  For  a  fodder 
crop,  they  are  excellent.  Our  Northern  Virginia  farm- 
ers should  give  more  attention  to  cow  peas  and  other 
forage  crops.  There  is  profit  in  growing  them.  The 
quicker  maturing  varieties  of  peas  should  be  planted. — 
Ed. 


Lime — Nitrate  of  Soda — Potash. 

.     1.  How  can  we  farmers  get  stone  lime? 

2.  How  apply  it?     How  much  to  an  acre? 

3.  Is  it  cheaper  to  buy  stone  lime  by  the  barrel  at  80 
cents  a  barrel,  or  shell  lime  slacked  at  6  cents  a  bushels  ? 

4.  How  do  we  get  nitrate  of  soda  and  muriate  of 
potash  ? 

Chesterfield  Co.,  Va.  An  Old  Subscbibeh. 

'l.  You  will  find  stone  lime  advertised  in  The  Planter 
by  Eeeves  Catt.  Write  him  for  quotations  delivered 
at  your  depot.  He  will,  we  think,  give  you  a  much  bet- 
ter price  than  you  name. 

2.  Apply  from  15  to  25  bushels  to  the  acre  in  the 
fall  or  early  winter.  Set  the  lime  on  the  field  in  the 
stone  in  small  lumps  of  less  than  half  a  bushel  each. 
Throw  half  a  bucket  of  water  on  each  lump  and  then 
spread  broadcast  with  a  shovel. 

3.  We  prefer  the  stone  lime  to  the  shell  lime.  A 
bushel  of  stone  lime  should  slack  out  to  3  bushels. 

4.  You  will  find  nitrate  of  soda  and  muriate  of  pot- 
ash advertised  in  The  Planter  by  E.  Mortimer  &  Co., 
New  York. — Ed. 


Value  of  Milk  Cows. 

I  have  two  graded  milk  cows  that  eat  the  same 
amount  of  food.  One  of  them  gives  me  6  gallons  of 
milk  and  3^  lbs.  butter  per  day.  It  is  firm,  but  white. 
The  other  cow  gives  me  5  gallons  of  milk  and  2^  lbs. 
butter  that  is  as  yellow  as  gold.  Which  one  is  worth 
the  most  on  the  market  or  to  breed  from?  Also  state 
what  you  think  they  are  worth,  at  a  reasonable  price. 

J.  6.  Andhews. 

The  one  giving  the  most  milk  and  making  the  most 
butter  is  the  more  valuable  cow  either  to  sell  or  breed 
from.  The  want  of  color  in  the  butter  can  easily  be 
remedied  by  a  little  butter  coloring  added  to  the  cream 
before  churning.  We  have  used  a  little  annato  or  the 
coloring  matter  from  a  good  red  carrot  for  this  pur- 
pose. We  could  not  undertake  to  place  a  value  on  cows 
we  have  never  seen. — Ed. 


Wood  Ashes, 

I  would  like  to  know  the  constituent  quantities  of 
wood  ashes. 

Berkley  Co.,  S.  C James  Joyneh. 

A  good  sample  of  hardwood  ashes  (unleached)  will 
analyze  5.25  per  cent,  potash,  34  per  cent,  lime,  with  a 
small  percentage  of  phosphoric  acid. — Ed. 


250 


THE  Southern  planter. 


[April 


Trucking,  Garden  and  Orchard. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH. 

The  remarkable  burst  of  >i)riiig  weather  which  has 
distinguished  the  month  of  Marcli  has  set  all  vegeta- 
tion to  growing,  and  is  going  to  make  the  months  of 
April  and  :May  very  busy  ones  in  the  garden  and  truck 
fields,  as  all  the  earliest  crops  now  press  for  attention. 
Do  not,  however,  be  in  too  great  haste  to  plow  or  work 
land,  but  wait  until  it  is  dry  enough  to  crumble  as  it 
falls  from  the  plow,  and  then  it  will  warm  up  quickly 
and  work  freely  all  through  the  season,  and  clods  will 
be  conspicuous  by  their  absence.  Continue  the  work  of 
getting  out  manure  on  to  the  land  and  apply  with  it  the 
acid  phosphate  and  potash  which  you  intend  to  use,  and 
then  work  the  whole  tiioroughly  into  the  land.  These 
mineral  fertilizers  require  time  to  become  available,  and 
they  are  so  essential  to  the  suec-essful  growth  of  vege- 
tables that  their  use  is  to  be  encouraged  by  all  truckers 
and  gardeners.  Before  planting  any  crops  lay  out  a 
plan  of  the  garden,  and  so  apportion  the  land  as  that  you 
may  be  able  to  have  a  continuous  sujiply  of  vegetables 
for  the  table  all  through  the  season  until  frost  cuts  them 
off.  Work  the  land  as  finely  as  possible,  and  then  lay 
off  the  rows  so  that  cultivation  may  be  done  by  horse 
labor.  Where  this  is  not  done,  crops  are  frequently  lost 
from  lack  of  time  to  give  the  necessary  hand  labor  to  the 
work. 


Irish  potatoes  and  English  peas,  not  already  planted, 
should  be  gotten  in  at  once,  and  those  planted  should  be 
encouraged  to  grow  by  cultivation.  Whilst  the  weather 
is  so  genial  as  to  encourage  the  planting  of  full  crops  it 
should  be  borne  in  mind  that  it  is  yet  too  early  for  us 
to  feel  safe  from  frost,  and,  therefore,  it  will  be  wise 
not  to  put  into  the  ground  more  than  a  small  part  of 
the  crop  except  in  those  sections  near  the  coast,  where 
frost  rarely  does  much  injury  after  this  time.  The 
end  of  the  month  and  the  first  half  of  May  is  soon 
enough  to  put  in  the  full  crop.  Salads,  lettuce,  radishes, 
onions  and  successional  crops  of  English  peas  may  be 
sown.  Onion  sets  may  be  planted  and  cabbage  plants 
be  set  out  if  well  hardened. 

Fall  planted  cabbages  should  be  encouraged  to  grow 
bv  cultivation  .and  after  they  have  made  a  good  start 
a  top  dressing  of  100  lbs.  of  nitrate  of  soda  to  the 
acre  will  help  them  greatly. 

The  seed  of  tomatoes,  egg  plant  and  peppers  should 
be  sown  in  gentle  hot  beds  in  frames,  and  as  the  plants 
become  large  enough  to  handle  they  should  be  trans- 
planted into  cold  frames  or  where  they  can  be  protected 


by  canvas  or  mats  at  night  and  during  the  cold  season. 
Sweet  potatoes  may  be  bedded  in  the  hot  beds  to  pro- 
vide l)lants  for  setting  out  in  ilay.     In  our  last  issue 
will  be  found  instructions  for  making  a  hot  bed. 


Strawljerry  beds  should  be  worked  out  and  the  plant- 
i>e  encoxiraged  to  grow.  If  not  looking  thrifty  a  top 
dressing  of  nitrate  of  soda,  100  lbs.  to  the  acre,  should 
be  applied.  After  working  the  beds  and  ^op  dressing, 
api>ly  between  the  rows  a  mulch  of  pine  tags  or  trash, 
free  from  weed  seed  of  any  kind,  to  keep  the  l)erries 
clean. 


See  that  attention  is  given  to  the  spraying  of  the 
orchard,  vineyard  and  small  fruit  plantation.  In  our 
last  issue  will  be  foimd  a  spray  calendar,  giving  full 
instructions  on  this  subject. 


Clean  up  all  trash  from  the  lawn  and  flower  garden 
and  dig  up  the  flower  beds  and  give  them  a  dressing  of 
good,  rich  manure.  Plants  that  have  been  kept  in  the 
house  or  in  pits  during  the  •winter  should  now  be  exposed 
to  the  air  on  every  fine  day,  and  thus  be  hardened  so 
that  they  may  be  ready  to  plant  out  in  the  beds  next 
month.  Send  to  the  seedsman  for  a  copy  of  his  cata- 
logue, and  make  a  selection  of  hardy  flower  seeds  and 
plants.  For  a  dollar  or  two  enough  can  be  bought  to 
make  a  good  sized  garden  gay  with  bloom  all  summer. 
Strive  in  this  way  to  make  the  home  beautiful  and 
attractive.  It  will  do  more  to  keep  the  young  people  in 
the  countrj-  than  much  advice.  Imbue  in  them  a  love 
of  nature  and  of  nature's  productions,  and  they  will 
long  more  every  day  to  spend  their  lives  with  these  sur- 
roundings. 


TOMATO  QROWINQ. 

During  the  past  two  years  there  has  l>ecn  a  great  de- 
velopment of  the  canning  industry  in  Marj-land  and 
part  of  this  State,  and  this  seems  likely  to  be  still  ftir- 
ther  developed  this  year.  The  result  is  that  there  is 
demand  for  information  as  to  the  raising  of  the 
tomato  crop.  For  canning  purposes  the  crop  raised  is 
the  medium  and  late  crop.  The  early  crop  is 
grown  mainly  to  supply  the  markets  with  tomatoes  for 
the  table.  The  soil  best  adapted  for  the  crop  is  a  well 
drained,  sandy  loam,  though  it  is  not  so  essential  that 
this  should  be  the  character  of  the  soil  where  the  crop 
is  not  required  to  be  early.  One  having  greater  natural 
fertility  and  a  stronger  consistency  will  grow  the  crop 


1903.  J 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


251 


equally  well,  and  produce  more  fruit  if  well  drained  and 
finely  prepared.  It  should  be  free  from  weeds,  and 
•deeply  and  thoroughly  broken  and  fined.  The  fertiliza- 
tion of  the  land  may  be  either  with  farm  yard  manure 
or  partly  manure  and  partly  commercial  fertilizer,  or 
solely  with  commercial  fertilizer.  If  farm  yard  manure 
alone  is  used  it  ought  to  have  been  gotten  on  the  land 
in  the  winter  and  be  thoroughly  worked  in  previous  to 
planting,  and  a  good  shovelful  of  the  best  manure  should 
be  placed  in  each  hill  at  the  time  of  planting.  Where 
manure  and  fertilizers  are  both  used  they  are  usually 
applied  in  the  hill  at  the  time  of  planting.  This  is  gen- 
erally the  most  successful  way.  Where  fertilizers  only 
are  used  they  should  be  applied  part  on  the  hill  at  the 
time  of  planting  and  part  during  the  growth  of  the  crop. 
The  tomato  is  a  plant  that  responds  well  to  heavy 
manuring  and  fertilization.  Experiments  made  at  the 
!N^ew  Jersey  Station  show  that  nitrate  of  soda  is  one  of 
the  best  nitrogenous  fertilizers  for  this  crop,  and  that  its 
used  in  small  quantities,  160  lbs.  per  acre  in  one  appli- 
cation, or  in  large  quantities,  320  lbs.  per  acre  in  two 
applications  increased  the  yield  materially.  Where  the 
soil  is  poor  naturally  in  plant  food  a  fertilizer  made  up 
of  600  lbs.  of  acid  phosphate,  300  lbs  of  muriate  of 
potash  and  500  lbs.  of  tankage  or  cotton  seed  meal 
should  be  applied  at  the  rate  of  500  lbs.  to  the  acre  pre- 
vious to  setting  out  the  plants  and  be  well  mixed  in  the 
soil.  Then  at  the  time  of  setting  out  the  plants  apply 
100  lbs  to  the  acre  of  nitrate  of  soda.  This  should  be 
spread  in  small  quantities  around  the  hills,  but  not  bo 
allowed  to  touch  the  plants.  Where  nitrate  of  soda  is 
used  along  with  manixre  the  manure  should  be  applied 
in  the  hill,  or  be  mixed  with  the  soil,  and  the  nitrate  of 
soda  be  applied  on  the  hills  after  setting  out  the  plants. 
Acid  phosphate  and  potash  can  be  used  with  advantage 
along  with  manure,  and  should  be  worked  with  the  soil. 
The  plants  should  be  set  from  4  to  4^  feet  apart  each 
way,  and  should  be  sturdy,  stocky  plants,  which  should 
have  been  transplanted  once  or  twice  from  the  hot  bed 
before  being  set  out  in  the  field.  The  seed  for  raising 
the  plants  should  be  sowed  in  a  gentle  hot  bed  in  March 
or  April,  and  the  young  plants  should  be  transplanted  as 
soon  as  they  can  be  handled  into  a  cold  frame  or  on  to 
beds  where  they  can  be  protected  with  canvas  or  mat> 
at' night  or  in  case  of  a  cold  season.  Do  not  force  the 
growth  so  as  to  make  the  plants  spindling,  but  aim  to 
use  stout,  stocky  plants.  When  setting  them  out  in  the 
hills  plant  somewhat  deeper  than  they  stood  in  the  plant 
beds,  and  this  will  increase  the  root  growth.  Cultiva- 
tion should  begin  as  soon  as  the  plants  are  set  out,  so 
as  to  lighten  and  freshen  the  soil,  which  will  have  been 
tramped  down  in  the  .setting.     Cultivate  deep  the  first 


time,  and  afterwards  shallow  so  as  not  to  disturb  the 
roots.  Frequent  cultivation  is  desirable  to  encourage 
rapid  growth.  The  variety  to  be  planted  for  canning 
purposes  is  very  much  a  matter  of  local  adaptability. 
The  Stone,  Paragon,  Trophy  and  Perfection  are  good 
and  reliable  sorts.  The  yield  per  acre  will  vary  from 
5  to  10  tons, -and  sometimes  goes  as  high  as  20  tons. 
About  8  tons  is  considered  an  average  crop  in  canning 
sections. 


NOTES  ON  VARIETIES  OF  APPLES  AT  THE 
AGRICULTURAL  EXPERIHENT  STATION, 
BLACKSBURO.  VA. 

[EXCBRPT   FROM    BULLETIN   130.] 

[Continued  from  March  number,  1903.] 

YorTc  Imperial  (Johnson's  Fine  Winter;. — This  is 
one  of  the  best  known  of  Virginia  standard  orchard 
fruits.  It  originated  in  Pennsylvania.  The  tree  is  a 
very  vigorous  grower,  forming  a  rounded  head,  fairly 
compact,  of  excellent  shape ;  trunk  30  inches  in  cir- 
cumference at  base,  27  inches  at  head  The  tree  de- 
velops in  certain  situations  a  giave  weakness  in  re- 
gard to  blight  and  of  recent  years  this  has  very 
much  damaged  its  standing  as  a  commercial  variety. 
Thus  far  it  has  not  been  possible  to  determine  whether 
this  peculiarity  is  more  markedly  developed  on  one 
soil  than  another. 

Here  the  firs:  bloom  was  noted  in  1893,  and  the  first 
fruit  in  1897;  that  year  the  trees  bore  a  very  fair  crop 
of  fruit  for  their  size,  of  fine  form,  and  free  from  dis- 
ease ;  in  1899,  the  crop  was  light ;  in  1901,  the  crop 
was  lairly  heavy,  being  an  average  of  six  bushels  per 
tree.  The  fruit  was  of  fine  character,  about  70  per 
cent,  first  class.  This  crop  is  not  at  all  heavy  for  the 
size  of  the  trees,  and  in  this  characteristic  the  variety 
does  not  at  present  compare  well  with  the  productive- 
ness of  Arkansas.  The  fruit  of  York  Imperial,  and 
also  the  quality,  do  not  require  a  description  in  this 
State,  but  to  our  taste  it  is  lower  in  quality  than  Ar- 
kansas. 

Whether  this  variety  will  continue  to  hold  its  place 
as  one  of  our  chief  market  sorts,  is  a  question  which 
must  be  considered  in  the  gravest  manner  by  growers, 
and  we  suggest  that  observation  in  every  community 
ought  in  a  measure  guide  planters.  If  it  continues  to 
show  serious  trouble  from  the  blight,  other  more  hardy 
varieties  ought  to  take  its  place  in  the  planting  of 
commercial  orchards. 

Grimes'  Golden. — This  is  an  old  variety  of  Virginia 
origin,  and  though  well  known  as  the  standard  of 
quality  of  distinctly  dessert  apples  in  America,  it  is 
not  so  commonly  met  with  in  our  fruit  plantations  as 
its  worth  warrants.  Here  the  tree  is  a  good  grower, 
quite  healthy:  forms  an  upright,  moderately  spread- 
ing top  with  well  grown  wood.  The  trunk  measures 
28  inches  at  base  and  26  inches  at  head  in  circum- 
ference. 

This  variety  bloomed  first  in  1893  and  gave  a  few 
fruits  in  1895,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1897  ana  1899 ;  in 
1901,  the  crop  was  much  better,  but  was  not  measured. 
The  past  season  it  bore  a  light  crop  of  fruit,  though  it 
was  the  off  year.     Up  to  the  pieeent,  though  the  trees 


252 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


are  fine  and  large,  they  have  never  borne  a  heavy 
crop  of  fruit.  The  fruit  is  medium  to  large,  round, 
oblong,  a  beautiful  golden  yellow  color  when  ripe. 
Quality  as  to  spicineas  and  high  flavor,  unsurpassed. 
No  home  orchard  should  be  without  this  valuable 
variety,  and  as  grown  here,  it  has  every  quality  to 
warrant  its  shipment  to  market  as  a  fine  grade  of 
boxed  fruit. 

Roxbury. — A  famous  old  variety  of  Massachusetts 
origin,  but  which  is  little  grown  at  the  South.  The 
tree  is  a  robust  grower,  forming  a  low  spreading  head, 
strikingly  characteristic.  The  trunk  measures  38 
inches  in  ciicumference  at  base,  and  22  at  head.  It 
has  been  entirely  healthy  at  this  plac«,  free  from 
blight  and  fangous  diseases. 

First  bloom  was  noted  in  1895,  and  first  fruit  in 
1897;  in  1)399,  the  trees  bore  a  half  bushel  each,  and  in 
1901.  2}  bushels  each.  The  fruit  is  of  large  size,  round 
ish,  oblate,  with  a  distinctly  characteristic  russet  skin, 
which  plainly  distinguishes  it.  In  quality,  it  has  a 
peculiarly  fine  flavor  and  aroma  all  its  own,  and  is  un 
surpassed  in  this  regard  by  any  other  American  va 
riety.  In  this  regard,  the  Southern  grown  fruit  seems 
to  be  superior  to  the  Northern  grown.  We  think  that 
especially  in  the  high  mountain  situationi  of  Virginia, 
this  apple  could  be  grown  to  perfection,  and  as  it 
keeps  well  in  cold  storage,  it  might  prove  a  desirable 
commercial  sort. 

Smolcehouse.— An  oM  variety  of  Pennsylvania  origin, 
and  widely  known  as  one  of  the  finest  autumn  and 
early  and  winter  varieties,  especially  for  dessert  and 
kitchen  use.  The  tree  is  a  vigorous  grower,  forming 
a  well-shaped,  spreading  head.  The  trunk  ii  36  inches 
in  circumference  at  base,  and  31  at  head.  It  is  prac 
tically  free  from  blight,  and  not  overly  susceptible  to 
fungous  diseases. 

First  bloom  was  noted  in  1893,  and  the  first  fruit  in 
1895;  in  1897,  the  trees  bore  a  full  crop  for  their  size, 
but  in  1899  and  in  1901,  the  crop  was  very  light — only 
one  bushel  per  tree.  Thus  far  the  tree  is  a  shy  bearer 
in  this  situation.  The  fruit  is  roundish,  oblate ;  yel 
low  color,  spotted  with  crimson.  The  quality  is  ex 
cellent,  and  the  fruit  is  fairly  free  from  rot  and  scab. 
This  variety  has  excellent  qualities  for  the  amateur 
and  for  the  home  orchard,  but  hardly  to  be  com- 
mended as  a  commercial  variety.  Season,  eaily  win 
ter;  here,  autumn  in  all  lower  parts  of  Virginia. 

dons. — Since  issuing  Bulletin  128,  we  have  a  con 
siderable  number  of  requests  for  Cions.  So  far  as 
possible  each  year  we  will  furnish  a  limited  number  of 
cuttings  from  the  Station  orchards  to  interested  par 
ties  who  are  willing  to  bear  the  expense  of  preparing 
and  transpoi'tation  of  the  same. 

Wm.  B.   Alwood, 

Dec.  SO,  1902.  Horticulturisl. 


ORCHARD  AND  GARDEN  NOTES. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

The  farm  garden  is  too  frequently  a  source  of  vexa- 
tion and  annoyance  to  the  farmer  instead  of  pleasure 
and  profit.  This  owing  to  a  bad  location,  poor 
arrangement  and  an  insecure  fence,  that  permits  fowls 
to  get  into  the  grounds  and  scratch  up  the  plants  and 
seeds.     All  these  things  can  be  easily  prevented.     See 


to  it  that  the  garden  fence  is  made  secure  at  once. 
It  is  too  late  this  season  to  change  the  location  or 
arrangement.  The  rush  of  spring  work  is  now  on  in 
earnest,  but  the  garden  must  not  be  neglected.  If  the 
grounds  are  enclosed  by  a  good  fence,  and  the  ro\^s  of 
vegetables  and  fruits  are  made  straight  across  the  gar- 
den to  permit  of  easy  cultivation,  many  pleasant  hours 
of  healthful  exercise  can  now  be  spent  in  it.  To  watch 
the  flowers  open  and  the  plants  grow  after  a  spring 
shower  is  a  rare  treat  to  all  lovers  of  nature.  Take 
the  boy  into  the  garden  and  teach  him  how  the  different 
blooms  fertilize  themselves — teach  him  the  meaning  of 
color  in  flowers,  why  the  most  highly  colored  flowers 
are  the  least  fragrant,  why  the  white  flowers  are  usually 
more  fragrant,  and  why  insects  are  attracted  to  flowers. 
Nature  offers  to  teach  us  a  thousand  lessons  now  if 
we  would  only  learn.  All  our  work  must  not  be  for  the 
dollar.  Our  greatest  efforts  should  be  to  make  better 
men  and  women.  I  never  saw  a  good  garden  where  an 
uneducated  and  unhappy  family  lived.  The  garden  tells 
something  about  the  family  to  the  passer-by.  What 
does  it  tell  about  you  ? 


Plant  some  melons  in  the  garden  for  the  boy.  If 
he  can  invite  some  of  his  playmates  to  his  home  some 
warm  Sunday  afternoon  in  August  to  help  to  eat  a  fine, 
red,  luscious  watermelon,  grown  by  his  own  hand,  and 
just  from  the  cool  spring,  he  will  be  more  contented  to 
stay  on  the  farm  when  grown  up.  Plant  some  Duke 
Jones  watermelon  seed  and  Ideal  or  Rockyford  can- 
teloupe  seed  the  last  of  this  month.  Use  a  shovel  full  of 
well-rotted  manure  thoroughly  mixed  with  the  soil  of 
each  hill  before  planting  the  seed. 


Now  is  the  time  to  do  some  top  grafting  in  the  orch- 
ard. Nearly  all  orchards  have  some  undesirable  trees 
iu  them  which  may  be  made  to  bear  good  fruit  by  top 
grafting.  While  this  fact  is  often  realized  still  the 
grafting  is  usually  put  off  and  neglected  in  the  great 
rush  of  spring  work. 

Explain  all  the  details  of  the  operation  to  the  bright 
farm  boy,  and  he  will  usually  attend  to  it  in  time. 
While  teaching  horticulture  for  ten  years,  I  found  no 
subject  so  fascinating  to  the  young  man  as  that  of  how 
to  bud  and  graft.  It  was  a  marvelous  thing  to  him  to 
learn  that  by  grafting  the  tree  with  small  pieces  and 
twigs  from  other  trees  that  same  tree  could  be  made  to 
bear  early  apples,  late  apples,  red  apples,  yellow  apples, 
&c. — infact,  be  a  small  orchard  in  itself. 

When  I  was  a  boy  it  always  appeared  to  me  that  the 
nurseryman  had  a  great  secret  in  propagating  and  grow- 
ing so  many  nice  young  trees.    How  he  did  it  appeared 


1903. 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


253 


a  great  mystery,  and  was  past  finding  out  by  other  peo- 
ple. I  was  never  satisfied  until  I  learned  about  this 
secret,  and  found  what  the  mystery  was.  It  was  inter- 
-esting  to  me  to  learn  that  there  were  many  other  young 
men  who  had  the  same  desire.  Just  here  let  me  state, 
parenthetically,  that  most  nurserymen  do  have  certain 
rules  to  follow  in  propagating  particular  kinds  of  fruit, 
which  rules  they  find  from  their  own  experience  are 
best.  These  particular  rules  are  not  published  in  the 
books,  and  the  nurseryman  does  keep  them  "a  secret" 
■as  much  as  possible.  These  special  rules  are  for  the 
professional  nurseryman  and  not  for  the  farmer. 

The  first  thing  in  successful  top  grafting  is  to  have 
the  scion,  or  piece  of  wood,  you  are  to  use  in  grafting, 
more  dormant  than  the  tree  upon  which  the  grafting 
is  to  be  done,  though  grafting  is  successful  sometimes 
■after  buds  are  swollen.  I  cut  off  the  water  sprouts  that 
are  the  size  of  a  lead  pencil  before  the  buds  swell  and 
bury  them  to  hold  them  dormant  till  the  buds  on  the 
tree  I  want  to  graft  on  begin  to  open.  We  call  these 
sprouts,  scions.  Label  them  carefully.  The  next  thing 
is  to  have  good  grafting  wax.  This  you  can  make  your- 
self. 

Melt  together  in  a  kettle,  2^  lbs.  of  English  rosin  and 
6  ounces  of  bees  wax.  Melt  9  ounces  of  tallow  in  another 
vessel.  Then  stir  them  while  mixing  together.  Let  the 
material  partially  cool  and  then  work  it  like  people  do 
the  old-fashioned  home-made  candy  or  "tafEy."  Use  a 
little  oil  on  the  hands  to  keep  the  wax  from  sticking. 
You  need  a  sharp,  thin-bladed  knife,  and  you  are  ready 
for  the  work. 

Limbs  from  one-half  to  one  inch  in  diameter  are 
about  the  right  size  to  cut  off  and  graft  into  the  stubs, 
though  much  larger  ones  can  be  used.  If  so,  insert  a 
graft  on  each  side.  Use  a  thin,  sharp  implement  for 
splitting  the  stub.  Make  the  graft  wedge-shaped  to  fit 
into  the  cut  nicely.  The  bark  must  not  be  bruised. 
Now,  the  "great  secret"  in  grafting  is  to  make  the  inner 
bark  (cambium)  of  the  graft  fit  up  closely  with  the 
inner  bark  of  the  tree  or  stock.  When  growth  starts  at 
these  places  union  will  soon  take  place.  Put  on  the  wax 
carefully  to  keep  the  water  out,  and  the  job  is  completed. 
It  is  best  not  to  cut  off  all  the  limbs  on  the  tree  at  one 
time,  since  one  or  two  should  be  left  to  elaborate  the  sap 
till  the  grafts  grow  up. 

Later  on  I  will  have  something  to  say  about  budding. 


Let  the  boy  start  a  small  nursery  in  the  garden  and 
plant  peach  seed,  apple  seed,  plum  seed  and  cherry  seed 
for  grafting  and  budding  stocks.  Remember  this  when 
ihe  seeds  ripen.  Make  cuttings  of  grape  vines  and 
■quinces  for  setting  out  now.     The  quince  cuttings  will 


make  good  stock  upon  which  to  bud  pears.  Of  course, 
this  stock  will  make  dwarf  pear  trees,  just  the  right 
kind  for  garden  planting.  Now  is  the  time  to  make 
them,  though  cuttings  made  in  the  fall  do  best.  Cut 
them  about  13  inches  long  and  plant  them  into  the 
ground  in  rows  3  feet  apart,  and  13  inches  apart  in  the 
row.  Do  not  injure  the  bark  on  the  end  that  goes  into 
the  ground.    Press  the  dirt  firmly  around  the  cuttings. 

Plant  some  Haverland  and  Lady  Thompson  straw- 
berries now  in  your  garden  for  family  use. 

Montgomery  Co.,  Va.  R.  H.  Price. 


SPRAYING  PEACHES. 

Professor  M.  B.  Waite,  the  pathologist  in  charge  of 
Investigations  of  Diseases  of  Orchard  Trees,  suggests 
that  the  following  treatment  should  be  given  peaches : 

First  treatment  before  the  buds  swell,  in  addition  to 
copper  sulphate,  give  for  San  Jose  scale  and  curl  leaf, 
lime,  sulphur,  salt  solution;  second  treatment,  just  be- 
fore the  flowers  open,  Bordeaux  mixture,  6-4-50 
formula;  third  treatment,  when  the  fruit  has  set,  weak 
Bordeaux  mixture,  3-9-50  formula;  fourth  treatment, 
two  weeks  later,  the  same.  Peach  foliage  is  sensitive  to 
Bordeaux,  even  the  3-9-50  formula,  which  consists  of  3 
lbs.  bluestone,  9  lbs,  lime  and  50  gallons  water,  being 
somewhat  injurious. 


Tomato  Blight  and  Rot. 

Professor  M.  B.  Waite  suggests  the  following  treat- 
ment : 

First  application  Bordeaux  mixture  on  seedlings  in 
the  seed  bed  when  they  first  begin  to  form  rough  leaves ; 
second  application  5  to  7  days  later,  repeat ;  third  appli- 
cation when  they  begin  to  grow  and  form  new  leaves  in 
the  field;  fourth,  fifth  and  sixth  at  intervals  of  from 
10  to  15  days. 


Canteloupe  Blight. 

Professor  M.  B.  White  suggests  the  following  treat- 
ment: 

First  application  Bordeaux  mixture  when  the  vines 
begin  to  run;  second,  third,  fourth  and  fifth  repeat  at 
intervals  of  10  days  to  two  weeks,  or  in  such  a  manner 
as  to  cover  the  new  leaves  as  rapidly  as  possible  after 
they  are  formed. 


CORROSIVE    SUBLiriATE    FOR  SCAB  ON  IRISH 
POTATOES. 

In  our  last  issue  in  advising  a  remedy  for  the  pre- 
vention of  scab  on  Irish  potatoes  the  types  make  us  say 
a  solution  of  2  ounces  of  sublimate  to  16  ounces  of 
water.  What  we  did  say  was  2  ounces  of  sublimate  to 
16  gallons  of  water. 


254 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


EXPERIHENTS  WITH   INSECTICIDES  ON  IRISH 
POTATOES. 

Brci  Death,  Paius  Gbei;,\',  and  Arsenate  of  Lead 
Com  PARED. 

Three  series  of  experiinonts  were  made  during  the 
seat^on  of  1902  with  the  pui-pose  of  comparing  Bug 
Death,  Paris  green  and  Arsenate  of  lead  as  insecticides 
as  measured  by  the  readiness  with  which  they  kill  the 
potato  beetle  and  particularly,  the  yield  per  acre.  One 
set  of  these  experiments  (5  plots)  was  made  by  the 
Danforth  Chemical  Company  at  Caribou;  another  (12 
plots)  by  the  Maine  Experiment  Station  at  Houlton : 
and  another  (9  plots)  by  Mr.  E.  A.  Kogers  at  Brunswick 
The  Caribou  experiment  was  also  under  the  care  of  Mr. 
Rogers.  The  insecticides  were  used  in  conjunction  with 
Bordeaux  mixture,  the  plots  being  sprayed  five  times. 
The  details  of  the  experiments  will  appear  in  a  bulletin 
of  the  Maine  Experiment  Station  to  be  published  as 
soon  as  the  analyses  of  the  potatoes  are  completed.  The 
average  yield  per  acre  of  merchantal)le  potatoes  from  the 
plots  ill  the  experiments  are  given  here  without  discus- 
sion. 

AVERAGE  YIELD  PER  ACRE  OF  riERCHANTA- 

BLE  POTATOES. 

Exi'kkimext  at  Caribou  by  Danforth  Chemical  Co. 

Bush, 
per  acre. 

Bug  Deatli 288 

Paris  Green 247 

Arsenate  of  Lead 345 

Experiment    at    Houlton    by    Maine    Experiment 
Station. 

Bug  Death 319 

Paris  Green 314 

Arsenate  of  Lead  .   .   .   .  ^ 318 

Experiment  at  Brunswick  by  Mr.  Rogers. 

Bug  Death 382 

Paris  Green 38] 

Arsenate  of  Lead 335 

Orano,  Me.  Chas.  D.  Woods. 

Director. 


When    corresponding    with    advertisers   mention    the 
Planter. 


ORCHARD  PLANTING  IN  PIEDMONT  VIRGINIA. 

.Mr.  S.  H.  Woods,  the  president  of  the  Horticultural 
Society,  writes  us  that  he  is  pushing  the  work  of  plant- 
ing orchards  in  the  Piedmont  section.  In  one  orchard 
they  are  planting  out  10,000  trees  this  spring,  and  in 
another  20,000  trees.  The  owners  of  the  latter  orchard 
will  then  have  about  54,000  trees  planted.  Virginia  is 
fast  making  her  way  to  the  top  of  the  list  of  fruit  pro- 
ducing States.  She  now  stands  about  the  fifth,  with 
over  10,000,000  trees  planted. 


LIME- SULPHUR-SALT  WASH  FOR  SAN  JOSE  SCALE 

In  the  West,  especially  in  California,  where  San  Jose 
scale  and  similar  insects  have  been  a  great  menace  to 
frnit  growii  g,  the  lime  tnlphnr  salt  wash  has  become 
the  dependable  means  of  depression.  Tested  in  the 
East,  some  years  ago,  It  rec  ived  an  nnfavorable  re- 
port, as  it  seemed  to  wash  off  the  trets  by  rains  before 
esertlng  much  destructive  effect  on  the  insects.  But 
tfsts  made  by  the  Station  at  Genjiva,  N.  Y.,  during 
the  pa«t  season,  show  that,  properlj  made,  it  adheres 
to  the  twigs  and  limbs  remarkably  well,  even  durinor 
6uch  exceptionally  wet  weather  as  we  had  last  spring. 

In  the  teste  more  than  seven  hundred  trees,  in  five 
orchards  scattertd  well  over  the  State,  were  treated 
with  this  wash.  Only  in  one  instance,  when  the  fo- 
liage was  too  far  advanced,  was  there  any  injury  to 
fruit,  leaf  or  twig,  and  this  damage  was  slight  When 
applied  before  the  buds  began  to  swell,  their  opening 
was  retarded  a  few  days,  but  within  two  weeks  or  so 
all  difference  between  treated  and  untreated  trees,  in 
I  his  respect,  had  disappeared  ;  but  later  the  untreated 
trees  continued  to  lose  vigor  and  heal  thfulnees  through 
the  work  of  the  scale,  while  the  treated  trees  were 
practically  cleared  of  the  pests. 

The  mixture  is  made  by  boiling  together  40  pounds 
of  lime,  20  pounds  of  sulphur,  and  15  pounds  of  salt, 
in  about  30  gallons  of  water.  Boil  for  two  hours;  then 
add  more  water  to  make  60  gallons,  and  apply  while 
hot,  using  a  powerful  pump  and  good  nozzle. 


PAWPAW  AND  PERSIMMON. 

Considerable  interest  is  being  taken  In  Orange  coun- 
ty, Ind.,  in  the  cultivation  of  the  pawpaw  and  the  per- 
simmon. Already  the  latter  has  been  doubled  in  size, 
the  seeds  i  educed  in  size  and  number,  and  the  puck 
ery  taste  largely  eliminated,  so  that  the  fruit,  when 
placrd  on  the  city  markets,  finds  ready  sale.  The 
groweis  have  received  substantial  returns  for  their 
effoits,  and  as  both  wild  Iruits  respond  so  readily  to 
cultivation,  they  feel  assured  that  there  is  a  great  fu- 
ture for  them.  Both  are  beautiful  shade  trees  of  rapid 
growth,  and  it  is  urged  that  farmers  plant  them  along 
the  roadsides  for  the  benefit  of  the  travelling  public, 
where  the  trees  can  easily  be  oared  for  and  giren  a 
chance  to  develop  as  well. 


KAFIR  CORN,  SORGHUM  AND  MILLET 
AS  FEED. 

Editor  Su'uthern  Planter: 

I  have  tried  Kaffir  corn,  sorghum  and  German  millet 
with  cow-peas  for  feed.  I  drill  1  bushel  of  peas  and  1 
peck  of  German  millet  per  acre.  I  like  the  millet  the 
best,  it  gives  a  much  finer  feed,  and  cures  better  than 
Kaffir  corn  or  sorghum.  As  I  have  to  cut  with  a  mow- 
ing machine,  I  find  that  the  rake  will  pick  it  up  cleaner 
than  either  Kaffir  corn  or  sorghum;  but  whatever  is 
sown  with  peas  let  every  farmer  sow  peas.  It  is  the 
liest  cow  feed  given  when  properly  cured,  and  brings 
tlio  land   into  a  better  state  of  fertility  at  the  same 

Stafford  Co.,  Va.  Aug.  Sorgenfrei. 


1903] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


255 


Live  Stock  and   Dairy. 


A  FARMERS  OBSERVATION  ON  FEEDINQ. 

Editor  SoutJieni  Planter: 

Domestic  animals  cannot  provide  food  for  themselves, 
but  are  entirely  dependent  on  their  owner,  who  is  re- 
sponsible for  their  condition,  and  is  rewarded  for  his 
labor  and  kindness,  financially,  in  proportion  to  his 
knowledge  and  skill  in  the  art  of  feeding.  He  is  also 
compensated,  morally,  by  the  pleasure  it  always  gives 
the  righteous  man  to  confer  comfort  and  happiness  on 
dependent  creatures.  "The  righteous  man  regardeth  the 
life  of  his  beast. ""  The  "Good  Book"'  makes  kindness 
to  animals  the  test  of  righteousness. 

The  subject  of  feeding  to  the  best  advantage  has  en- 
gaged the  attention  of  farmers  and  herdsmen  ever  since 
the  herdsmen  of  Abraham  and  Lot  quarreled  about  the 
pasture  and  Jacob  fed  Lahan's  cattle. 

That  able,  careful  and  candid  experimenters  should 
not  always  be  able  to  arrive  at  the  same  conclusions  is 
not  surprising  nor  derogatory  to  scientific  research.  It 
only  shows  that  human  knowledge  is  limited,  and  that 
different  minds  pursuing  different  courses  of  reasoning 
may  arrive  at  different  results.  Experiments  differ  in 
spite  of  all  painstaking,  because  they  cannot  be  made 
under  the  same  conditions. 

The  first  and  most  important  thing  about  feeding 
for  profit  is  to  supply  the  animals  with  the  kinds  of  food 
in  the  qualities  and  quantities  that  will  produce  the 
most  flesh  or  milk  at  the  least  possible  cost.  This 
problem  most  farmers  must  solve  for  themselves,  because 
the  different  cost  of  feeding  stuffs  in  different  localities 
renders  the  experience  of  other  feeders  (though  accu- 
rate for  the  places  where  made)  unreliable  in  other 
regions.  There  is,  perhaps,  no  investigator  among  the 
large  body  of  able  and  educated  men  who  has  given  the 
subject  of  feeding  animals  more  study  than  the  late 
Professor  E.  W.  Stewart,  or  whose  writings  -are  more 
valuable  than  his.  But  there  is  such  a  difference  in  the 
capacity  of  different  animals  of  the  same  species,  age 
and  size,  to  appropriate  and  digest  food,  that  neither 
Professor  Stewart  nor  any  other  person  could  prescribe 
a  ration  that  would  be  exactly  suitable  for  all.  By  my 
o\ni  experience  in  feeding  I  have  found  that  animals 
with  the  most  ravenous  appetites  are  not  always  the 
ones  that  fatten  the  fastest,  or  can  endure  the  strongest 
feeding  without  becoming  cloyed.  It  may  be  their  greed 
and  hasty  eating  impairs  digestion,  and  a  portion  of 
their  food  passes  away  without  giving  up  the  nourish- 
ment, and  creates  a  looseness  of  the  bowels  not  favorable 
to  putting  on  flesh  or  secreting  milk.     Some  of  our  fat- 


tening steers  that  increased  in  weight  the  fastest  were  of 
a  quiet,  stolid  disposition,  ate  their  rations  with  great 
deliberation,  and  no  matter  how  much  meal  was  given 
to  them,  would  never  eat  enough  to  cloy  their  appetites 
or  bring  on  diarrhoea.  When  they  left  a  little  feed  in 
their  boxes  I  took  it  out  before  the  next  feeding  time, 
and  gave  them  a  little  less  for  the  next  meal.. 

The  right  quantity  to  be  fed  for  the  cheapest  produc- 
tion of  flesh  or  milk  and  the  maintenance  of  the  health 
of  the  animals,  is  the  quantity  they  will  eat  up  clean 
evorv  time.  I  know  of  no  better  criterion.  No  animal 
can  gain  in  flesh  if  only  fed  enough  to  keep  it  alive. 

Inexperienced  feeders  are  apt  to  feed  too  strongly, 
especially  at  the  start.  They  are  in  a  hurry  to  get  their 
animals  fat,  and  so  crowd  them  with  grain,  thinking 
that  is  the  right  road  to  the  end  they  have  in  view; 
but  they  soon  find  their  animals  refusing  their  food, 
their  dung  as  thin  as  water,  and  that  they  have  lost 
flesh  instead  of  gaining  any.  It  requires  time  to  fatten 
animals,  the  business  cannot  be  hurried,  and  it  is  bet- 
ter to  feed  too  little  grain  than  too  much. 

Most  steers  of  800  lbs.  weight,  after  becoming  grad- 
ually accustomed  to  it,  will  eat  8  quarts  of  corn  meal 
per  day  to  advantage,  besides  what  hay  or  stalks  they 
re(]uire.  If  corn  and  oats  were  of  the  same  price  per 
hundred  I  would  grind  equal  parts  of  them  together, 
and  feed  about  l-l  lbs.  per  day  of  the  mixture.  It  is 
relished  better,  furnishes  a  more  bulky  ration  to  fill  the 
stomach  fuller,  and  does  not  become  so  compact  as  com 
meal  alone.  There  is  not  much  doubt  that  it  pays  to  cut 
the  fodder,  whether  straw,  stalks  or  hay,  into  half-inch 
pieces,  wet  the  mass  and  mix  the  meal  with  it 
thoroughly,  thereby  securing  a  better  digestion  of  the 
meal  by  having  it  raised  and  remasticated  with  the  cut 
fodder  to  which  it  adheres.  j 

Professor  Sanborn  does  not  believe  in  this  mixing 
meal  with  cut  fodder  for  cattle,  but  Professor  Stewart 
recommends  it,  and  my  own  experience  sanctions  the 
practice.  When  meal  is  to  be  put  on  cut  straw,  hay  or 
stalks,  I  have  enough  rye  ground  with  the  corn  and  oats 
to  make  the  meal  and  fodder  stick  together,  so  that  the 
animals  must  eat  the  whole  in  order  to  get  the  meal. 
One  bushel  of  rye  ground  with  three  bushels  of  corn 
and  one  of  oats  is  sufficient  for  the  purpose,  or  the  oats 
may  be  left  out  entirely  if  oats  are  relatively  dearer 
than  corn  and  rye,  which  is  frequently  the  case.  Corn 
and  rye  are  of  the  same  weight,  and  usually  the  same 
price  in  this  locality.  Eye  is  not  quite  so  fattening  as 
corn,  but  when  ground  is  a  healthful,  palatable  food 


256 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


I  April 


for  cattle,  and  improves  the  ration  without  adding  to 
its  cost.  The  most  profitable  feeding  I  ever  did  was  to 
fatten  a  lot  of  ten  steers  which  weighed  800  or  900 
pounds  each  when  first  put  up,  almost  entirely  on  cut 
straw  mixed  with  rye  and  corn  meal.  I  give  each  steer 
about  a  bushel  basketful  of  straw  moistened  with  water, 
and  mixed  with  r  lbs.  of  meal  at  each  feed,  and  two 
feeds  per  day.  Dry  hay  was  fed  after  the  cut  feed  was 
eaten,  but  it  required  very  little  to  satisfy  them.  A 
greater  gain  will  be  made  if  each  animal  is  supplied 
with  a  few  pounds  of  roots  every  day  in  addition  to  its 
other  food.  There  is  not  much  fattening  substance  in 
roots,  but  they  sharpen  the  appetite,  assist  digestion  and 
promote  the  general  health  of  the  animals.  There  is  no 
doubt  that  when  ensilage  is  well  preserved  and  fed  in 
addition  to  hay  and  grain  by  adding  to  the  variety  of 
foods,  it  gives  a  change  of  diet  which  animals,  as  well  as 
human  beings,  crave,  and  is  favorable  to  the  preserva- 
tion of  vigorous  health,  and  the  formation  of  flesh  and 
milk. 

Animals  are  not  kept  on  the  farm  like  canary  birds, 
gold  fishes  and  lap  dogs,  for  amusement  and  playthings, 
but  for  profit,  and  the  foundation  law  of  feeding  re- 
quires foods  that  will  produce  the  greatest  quantity  of 
flesh  or  milk  at  the  least  possible  cost.  The  next  most 
important  requirement  is  to  secure  the  most  perfect 
digestion  and  assimilation  of  the  food  after  being  eaten. 
This  in  my  opinion,  can  only  be  done  by  grinding  the 
grain  in  order  that  all  its  parts  may  be  acted  upon  by 
the  digestive  organs  of  the  stomachs.  Another  thing, 
the  stomachs  mu.st  be  well  filled  in  order  that  all  the 
organs  may  liave  a  chance  to  do  something,  instead  of 
standing  idle  spectators  of  the  work  going  on. 

There  must  be  some  mistakes  in  the  chemists'  tables, 
as  printed  in  the  United  States  Report  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  for  1894.  The  average  amount  of 
fat  in  com  kernels  is  placed  at  5.4.  The  average  amount 
of  fat  in  corn  meal  at  3.5.  Corn  honestly  ground  will 
surely  contain  exactly  the  same  ingredients,  and  in  the 
same  proportions  as  in  the  unground  kernels.  The 
average  amount  of  fat  in  unground  oats  (by  the  same 
authority)  is  placed  at  5.,  and  the  amount  of  fat  in  oat 
meal  at  7.1.  Either  the  chemist,  the  miller  or  the 
printer  must  have  made  mistakes. 

According  to  the  authority  above  stated,  the  richest 
thing  in  fats  is  peanuts  without  the  shucks,  39.6;  sun- 
flower .seeds,  21.2;  cotton  seed,  with  the  hulls,  19.2. 

J.  W.  In'gham. 


When    corresponding    with    advertisers    mention    the 
Planter. 


BUY  THE  BEST  BREEDS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

We  are  more  and  more  impressed  with  the  short- 
sighted folly  of  the  men  who  buy  cheap,  inferior  sires 
for  their  flocks.  Every  year  we  receive  a  limited  num- 
ber, usually  about  a  half  dozen,  of  letters  like  this: 

'Tlease  reserve  me  your  best  ram  lamb ;  the  best  one 
you  have  to  offer.  I  want  him  to  be  specially  strong  in 
points,  and  I  am  willing  to  pay  a  good  price 


for  him." 

It  is  a  pleasure  to  deal  with  such  a  man.  We  frankly 
describe  what  we  have,  and  if  we  think  that  nothing  is 
good  enough  we  cheerfully  say  so.  Then  comes  another 
class  of  letters  like  this: 

"I  want  a  good  ram,  cheap  in  price  only." 

Well,  we  haven't  got  him,  because  we  are  not  doing 
business  for  our  health.    Finally  a  man  writes: 

"Have  you  any  $10  or  $15  yearling  rams  for  sale?" 

We  haven't.  The  ewes  we  have  purchased  have  cost 
us  an  average  of  about  $35  each,  and  our  rams  from 
$60  to  $100.  When  we  have  to  raise  rams  from  as  high 
priced  stock  as  this,  kept  on  high  priced  land,  fed  high 
priced  feed  and  tended  by  high  priced  help,  and  sell  for 
$10  a  head,  spending  perhaps  $300  a  year  for  adver- 
tising them  and  $150  worth  of  time  and  postage  in  cor- 
respondence, we  want  somebody  to  help  us  out  of  the 
business. 

But  now,  suppose  a  man  pays  $25,  or  $50,  or  $100 
for  a  ram.  Suppose  he  has  fairly  good  ewes — 50  head  of 
them.  Suppose  in  a  year  he  raises  50  lambs,  25  rams 
and  25  ewes.  Suppose  he  sells  of  these  rams  10  head 
at  $20  each,  10  head  at  $25,  3  head  at  $30,  and  2  head 
at  $50,  a  total  of  $640.  Now,  on  the  other  hand,  sup- 
pose he  buys  a  $10  ram  for  a  like  number  of  ewes  of 
like  quality  and  raises  a  like  number  of  lambs.  He  sells 
his  rams,  5  head  at  $10,  10  head  at  $15  and  10  head  at 
$20,  a  total  of  -$400.  But  suppose  his  customers  are  not 
quite  satisfied,  and,  besides,  he  will  want  to  save  his  ewe 
lambs,  the  best  of  them,  and  to  gradually  help  out  the 
average  of  his  flock.  Now  he  has  saved  fifteen  whole 
dollars,  maybe  more,  on  his  ram,  and  his  first  year's 
lamb  crop  has  lost  him  the  price  of  several  good  rams. 

One  of  our  greatest  living  sheep  authorities  says :  "Al- 
ways remember  that  an  exceptionally  good  creature  is 
worth  ten  ordinary  ones."  If  the  extraordinary  ram 
has  an  earning  capacity  of  $250  a  )'ear  over  the  com- 
mon one,  and  if  his  period  of  usefulness  be  only  6  years, 
it  makes  $1,500. 

Woodland  Farm  has  one  ewe  that  we  value  at  $100. 
We  wuld  not  sell  her  for  a  half  more  than  that.  She 
has  twins  at  side,  a  ram  and  ewe.    Now,  suppose  in  the 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


257 


next  five  years  she  raises  six  lambs.  If  we  get  $50  each 
for  2,  $25  each  for  2,  and  save  two  ewe  lambs  worth 
$35  each,  she  will  surely  earn  more  than  the  $100  calua- 
tion.  We  wish  that  we  had  a  photograph  of  this  ewe 
to  show  you,  but  have  none  at  present.  We  shall  hope 
to  show  you  some  of  her  lambs,  and  in  the  show  ring. 

Chas.  B.  Wing. 
Woodla7id  Farm,  Mechanicsburg,  Ohio. 


ORAZINQ  AND  FEEDINQ    EXPERHENTS    WITH 
PIGS. 

The  following  plants  were  tested  as  hog  food  on  the 
farm  of  the  Experiment  Station,  at  Auburn,  the  hogs 
doing  the  harvesting;  these  plants  are  available  for  use 
in  the  months  indicated : 

Spanish  peanuts,  August  to  December. 

Chufas,  November  to  March. 

Cowpeas,  July  to  November. 

Sweet  Potatoes,  August  to  November. 

Sorghum,  July  to  November. 

Yetch  and  oats,  March,  April  and  May. 

Dwarf  Essex  rape  (spring  sown),  May  and  June. 

Dwarf  Essex  rape  (fall  sown),  December,  January, 
February,  March  and  part  of  April. 

In  most  cases  it  was  found  best  to  feed,  in  addition  to 
the  above  crops,  from  one-fourth  to  one-half  of  the  usual 
ration  of  grain.  If  we  assume  that  of  this  grain  5  lbs. 
was  required  to  produce  1  lb.  of  increase  in  live  weight, 
we  have  left  the  following  amount  of  growth  of  shoats 
attributable  to  one  acre  of  each  crop  after  deducting  the 
increase  due  to  the  grain  consumed: 

An  acre  of  peanuts  in  7  tests  averaged  a  net  return 
of  333  lbs.  of  growth,  now  worth  $16.65. 

Peanuts  alone  in  two  tests  averaged  281  lbs.,  worth 
$14.05. 

Chufas  in  two  tests  averaged  307  lbs.,  worth  $15.35. 

Cowpeas  in  two  tests  averaged  229  lbs.,  worth  $11.45. 

Essex  rape  in  two  tests  averaged  453  lbs.,  worth 
$22.50. 

Sorghum  in  two  tests  averaged  174  lbs.,  worth  $8.70. 

One  acre  of  the  best  of  these  crops  (peanuts,  rape  and 
chufas),  afforded  pasturage  for  one  month  for  at  least 
25  100-lb.  shoats,  when  a  half  ration  of  grain  was  fed. 

It  usually  requires  about  5  lbs.  of  grain  to  make  1 
lb.  of  growth  in  live  weight  of  such  shoats  as  these. 
However,  when  they  grazed  on  the  crops  named  below, 
1  lb.  of  increase  in  weight  required  only: 

1.77  lbs.  of  grain  with  peanuts. 

2.30  lbs.  of  grain  with  chufas. 

3.07  lbs.  of  grain  with  cowpeas. 

2.68  lbs.  of  grain  with  rape. 

3.70  lbs.  of  grain  with  sorghum. 

3.13  lbs.  of  grain  with  sweet  potatoes. 

Pigs  grazing  on  sorghum,  fully  headed  out,  ate  only 
12  per  cent,  less  grain  per  lb.  of  growth  than  those  sup- 
ported entirely  on  corn. 

Shoats  fed  on  a  mixture  of  corn  meal  and  of  20  or  25 
per  cent,  cotton  seed  meal  in  most  experiments  ate  but 


little  food  and  made  very  slow  growth.  In  other  experi- 
ments they  required  only  3.84  and  4.68  lbs.  of  this  mix- 
ture per  lb.  of  growth. 

The  feeding  of  cotton  seed  meal  as  one-fifth  or  one- 
fourth  of  the  grain  ration  for  34  to  38  days  in  most 
cases  had  a  poisonous  effect  on  shoats  weighing  from 
59  to  118  lbs.  each.  No  ill  effect  was  noticed  prior  to 
the  33d  day,  and  some  pigs  showed  no  perceptible  ill 
effects  on  the  32d  day. 

Young  pigs  were  more  susceptible  to  injury  from  cot- 
ton seed  meal  than  older  shoats. 

Peanuts  fed  up  to  the  date  of  slaughter  made  a  very 
soft  lard.  Chufas  softened  the  lard  to  an  almost  equal 
degree.  Sorghum  did  not  soften  the  lard  to  the  same 
extent. 

Rice  polish  proved  to  be  a  better  hog  food  than  com 
meal,  78.6  lbs.  of  polish  equaling  in  feeding  value  100 
lbs.  of  corn  meal. 

J.    F.    DUGGAR, 

Agriculturist,  Alabama  Experiment  Station. 


ANGORA  GOATS, 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

As  I  have  had  a  few  years'  experience  with  Angoras, 
probably  I  can  be  of  service  to  those  contemplating  buy- 
ing them. 

I  think  they  are  a  wonderful  animal  and  that  every 
land-owner  in  Virginia  can  handle  them  at  good  profit. 

They  will  do  well  on  any  kind  of  grasses  and  sod 
land,  whilst  at  the  same  time  they  will  thrive  and  fatten 
equally  as  well  on  brush  land. 

We  do  not  have  to  dispense  with  our  sheep  or  any 
other  stock  to  make  room  for  goats. 

Last  spring  we  pastured  a  fresh  sodded  field  with 
sheep  until  June,  and  poke  weeds  had  grown  up  in  great 
clusters  all  over  the  field.  We  turned  in  our  Angoras 
and  in  less  time  than  three  weeks  not  a  stalk  over  3 
inches  high  could  be  found. 

Even  if  we  pasture  them  on  our  grass  land,  their 
fleece  will  pay  for  their  keeping. 

If  nannies  are  properly  cared  for,  will  raise  a  kid 
every  year  for  15  years  or  more,  which  will  bring  as 
much  as  a  well-bred  lamb. 

Our  nannies  are  always  kept  to  breed  from,  as  the 
demand  for  them  is  rapidly  increasing. 

Wether  Angoras  are  not  butchered  young  like  sheep. 
They  live  to  a  greater  age,  hence  it  takes  longer  to  make 
their  growth. 

Wethers  are  generally  sold  with  sheep  at  about  the 
same  price  per  pound,  and  after  being  dressed  are  called 
mutton  (Angora  venison),  simply  because  there  is  pre- 
judice against  the  old-time  goat,  as  their  meat  was  not. 
palatable. 

A  short  time  ago  a  gentleman  caUed  in  to  dine  with 
us.     Fortunately,    we    had    killed    an    Angora,    conse- 


258 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


quently  had  fresh  mutton,  and  as  we  returned  from  the 
dining-room  he  smacked  his  lips  and  said:  "Your 
wife  certainly  knows  how  to  serve  mutton." 

It  does  not  require  a  very  high  fence  to  turn  Angora 
goats,  but  it  mu.st  stand  up  straight,  or  they  will  walk 
up  the  locks. 

I  do  not  advise  using  barbed  wire  fence,  especially  of 
only  four  strands.  The  goats  are  liable  to  get  fast 
reaching  through  between  the  wires. 

Woven  wire  is  preferable.  Either  board  or  rail 
makes  a  good  chca])  fence  for  us,  as  timber  is  plenti- 
ful. 

I  think  it  would  be  requiring  too  much  of  50  An- 
goras to  kill  out  underbrush  on  135  acres  of  land,  and 
it  mostly  a  thicket.  However,  it  might  succeed  if  the 
lot  is  divided  into  smaller  plots  and  use  50  Angoras  on 
one  i)lot  at  a  time  and  then  cultivate  this  plot  when  the 
Angoras  are  moved  off  to  another  plot. 

Stockmen  in  Texas,  Xew  Mexico,  Arizona  and  Kan- 
sas and  in  many  Western  States  have  become  independ  • 
ent  raising  Angoras,  and  why  can't  we  make  a  success 
at  the  business  in  Virginia  ? 

Carroll  Co.,  Va.  J.  M.  Marshall. 


BOAR  INCAPABLE  OP  SERVICE. 

At  the  retjuest  of  Mr.  Thomas  S.  Whitf,  of  Lexing- 
ton, we  publish  the  following  remedy,  which  we  recent- 
ly advised  him  to  use  upon  a  very  valuable  boar  pig, 
which  had  become  incapable  of  serving  a  sow  and  which 
completely  restored  him  to  service.  From  the  descrip- 
tion he  gave  us,  we  came  to  the  conclusion  that  the  boar 
was  suffering  from  ulceration  of  the  sheath,  caused 
either  by  an  accident  or  from  serving  a  diseased  sow. 
We  advised  the  thorough  cleansing  of  the  sheath  by 
syringing  with  warm  water,  and  then  the  injection  by 
a  .syringe  of  a  lotion  made  of  4  drams  of  Sulphate  of 
Zinc,  dissolved  in  a  pint  of  water,  to  lie  used  twice  or 
three  time.s  a  day. 


Kecent  foals  dropped  at  the  EUerslie  Stud  of  R.  J. 
Hancock  &  Son,  Charlottesville,  Va.,  are  as  follows: 

Mcrnuiid,  dam  of  :\rerry  Day  and  Eonic,  by  imp.  St. 
Blaise,  dam  Palmetto,  by  Virgil,  foaled  on  March  14th, 
a  chestnut  filly  by  Eon  and  was  bred  back. 

Aurinc,  by  Eon,  dam  Sample,  by  imp.  Rotherhill, 
foaled  on  March  16th,  a  chestnut  coit,  by  imp.  Father- 
less, and  was  bred  liack. 

Winter  Cherry,  full  sister  to  Aforello,  by  Eolus,  dam 
Cerise,  by  imp.  Moccasin,  slipped  her  first  foal  (a  colt), 
by  imp.  Fatherless,  and  was  bred  hack. 


Mention  the  Planter  to  vour  friends. 


NEW  MEAT  FOODS  FOR  STOCK  . 

The  farmer  who  is  feeding  only  corn  to  his  steers  or 
hogs,  literally,  must  have  corn  to  burn.  For  years  it 
has  been  a  difficult  matter  to  know  wliere  pi-otein  could 
bo  obtained  at  such  cost  that  the  farmer  could  afford  to 
sell  some  of  his  corn  and  buy  a  protein  feed  with  which 
to  properly  balance  the  remainder.  The  results  of  ex- 
periments quoted  have  surprised  the  oldest  practical 
feeders  of  many  States  and  would  seem  to  indicate  that 
the  solution  lies  ready  at  hand  in  the  large  output  of 
hy  products  prepared  in  the  packing  house. 

Many  men  object  to  the  use  of  animal  foods  in  the 
shape  of  blood  meal  or  tankage.  We  do  not  find  this 
objection  well  founded  in  actual  practice.  Hogs  will 
greedily  eat  all  kinds  of  refuse  coming  fresh  from  the 
slaughter-lioiise.  Many  people  have  objected  to  the  use 
of  slaughter-house-fed  animals,  owing  to  the  danger  of 
disease  infection.  Packing-house  foods  are  free  from 
this  objection.  In  their  manufacture  they  are  sub- 
jected to  such  a  high  temperature  that  any  germs  which 
might  cause  trouble  are  destroyed.  In  the  fir.«t  place, 
every  animal  which  goes  into  the  packing-house  has 
passed  a  careful  inspection  by  officers  of  the  United 
States  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  so  that  the  dan- 
ger of  infection  is  reduced  to  a  minimum. 

These  foods  are  cheap,  clean  and  highly  concentrated. 
It  is  not  necessary  to  handle  a  large  bulk  in  order  to  get 
the  food  constituents  required.  We  do  not  believe  in 
tablet  rations,  but  recommend  a  wise  and  carefully 
planned  system  of  feeding  by  which  an  animal  will  get 
])lenty  of  bulk  food  and  at  the  same  time  plenty  of  mi- 
tritive  material.  The  following  table  will  give  a  better 
idea  of  the  relation  existing  between  some  of  these  feeds 
and  the  ordinary  feeds  of  the  farm.  These  analyses 
are  authentic: 

Per  Pounds 

cent.  protein  in 

Feed —                                           protein.  one  ton. 

Corn 08  160 

Wheat  bran 13  240 

Oil  meal  (0.  P.) 50  580 

Cottonseed  meal   3T  740 

Digester  tankage    (iO  1300 

Blood  meal   .  .'. 87  1740 

Soluble  blood  flour 87  1740 

One  tif  the  by-product  foods  mentioned  above  is  like- 
ly to  become  of  great  interest  and  importance  to  prac- 
tical dairymen.  We  refer  to  soluble  blood  flour.  This 
pi'oparation  has  been  tried  and  proved  to  be  an  excellent 
food  to  develop  rapid  growth  in  young  calves  feeding 
on  skimmed  milk.  Different  .stations  have  found  that 
blood  meal  absolutely  cures  and  prevents  scours,  which 
causes  so  much  trouble  with  skimmed-milk-fed  calves. 

Digester  tankage  is  a  food  for  hogs  only.  It  is  made 
from  pure  meat  scraps  thoroughly  dried  and  carefully 
ground.  Hogs  eat  it  greedily,  and,  as  noted  before, 
make  large  and  satisfactoiT  gains. 

Meat  meal  is  a  product  of  higher  grade  meat  scraps, 
dried  and  ground,  and  is  meeting  with  a  large  demand 


1903] 


THE  80U1HERN  PLANTER. 


25i» 


from  poultrymen  who  wish  cheap  winter  eggs.  Every 
practical  poultryman  knows  that  no  food  is  a  better  egg 
stimulant  than  meat  scraps,  fresh  from  the  butcher 
shop.  Such  scraps  cannot  be  stored  except  in  refrige- 
rators during  hot  weather,  so  are  not  available  to  many 
poultrymen.  Many  of  our  best  breeders  of  pure-bred 
swine  are  thoroughly  alive  to  the  fact  that  if  they  are 
going  to  develop  proper  bone  in  their  breeding  stock 
they  must  make  a  radical  change  in  the  methods  of 
breeding,  feeding  and  treatment.  It  has  been  a  prac- 
tice in  Great  Britain  and  Germany  for  many  years  to 
feed  swine,  especially  early  in  life,  liberal  rations  of 
ground  bone.  Ground  bone  contains  a  large  amount 
of  digestible  protein,  from  twenty  to  twenty-five  per 
cent.,  and  is  rich  in  phosphates,  containing  from  fifty 
to  fifty-five  per  cent.  It  will  be  readily  seen  that  this 
material  affords  the  swine  breeder  valuable  help  in  over- 
coming the  serious  defect  in  his  breed  stock.  In  con- 
clusion, we  would  say  that  we  believe  that  a  great  fu- 
ture is  in  store  for  the  use  of  animal  foods.  We  be- 
lieve that  it  is  a  matter  of  only  a  few  years  until  every 
available  material  from  our  great  packing  houses  will  be 
converted  into  palatable  and  nutritive  foods  for  the 
growth  and  maintenance  of  farm  live  stock. 

Iowa  Prof.  .T.  J.  Fergusox. 


THE  CHESTER  WHITE  HOG. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

This  valuable  breed  of  hogs  originated  in  Chester 
county,  Pennsylvania.  They  are  the  result  of  a  cross  of 
Bedfords  upon  the  native  hogs.  Captain  James  Jeff- 
reys brought  a  pair  of  white  pigs  from  Bedfordshire, 
England,  in  1818.  These  were  crossed  upon  the  native 
hogs  and  by  careful  selection  and  judicious  breeding 
have  produced  the  Chester  white  hog,  a  most  desirable, 
well-formed,  large-sized,  easily  fattened  hog.  The  Ches- 
ter white  hog  sprung  into  sudden  popularity  before 
there  were  enough  genuine  Chesters  to  supply  the  de- 
mand. As  a  result  formers  sold  all  kinds  of  white  pigs 
at  fancy  prices  as  genuine  Chester  whites.  As  a  natural 
result,  the  Chester  whites  got  a  very  bad  name  and  it 
took  them  years  to  overcome  this  setback.  Of  recent 
years  the  value  of  the  Chesters  as  good  economi- 
cal pork  producers  is  generally  recognized.  The 
record  that  they  made  at  the  International  Fat-Stock 
Show  in  1901,  at  Chicago,  gave  them  quite  a  boom.  The 
Chesters  won  Sweepstakes  prizes  over  all  other  breeds. 
My  experience  with  the  Chesters  is  that  they  are  very 
fast  growers,  very  healthy  and  easily  fattened  at  any 
age.  The  sows  usually  farrow  large  litters,  and  they 
are  good  mothers.  A  few  years  ago  I  put  up  the  runt 
pig  of  a  litter  of  eight.  The  pig  was  just  eight  weeks 
old  and  weighed  just  20  lbs.  when  put  up,  while  its 
mates  weighed  about  30  lbs.  each.  The  pig  was  put  up 
on  the  first  day  of  June,  and  was  reasonablv  well  taken 


care  of  until  November  21,  when  it  was  killed  and 
dressed  197  lbs. 

A  neighbor  butchered  a  Chester  white  pig  of  last 
May's  farrowing.  He  killed  it  the  week  before  Christ- 
mas, and  it  dressed  256  lbs.  Some  ten  years  ago  I  pur- 
chased my  first  Chester  white  boar  and  crossed  upon  a 
grade  Poland  China.  I  was  so  well  pleased  with  the 
result  that  I  decided  to  raise  full  bloods.  They  have 
proved  to  be  the  most  satisfactory  hog  that  I  have  ever 
tried.  If  there  is  mast  they  will  take  to  the  mast  and 
do  quite  as  good  a  job  of  ranging  as  the  old  native 
scrubs,  and  they  will  fatten  much  faster.  If  there  is  no 
mast  they  will  pay  much  Ix'tter  for  feed  consumed  than 
the  hogs  that  have  a  reputation  as  rangers. 

Albion,  W.  Va.  A.  J.  Legg. 


EARLY   LAMBS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

I  would  1)0  very  glad  to  have  you  inform  me  through 
the  Planter  what  treatment  should  be  given  sheep  to 
have  them  lamb  early,  say  about  January,  which  is  the 
best  time  to  have  them  in  order  to  be  ready  for  the  early 
market,  at  which  time  you  always  get  better  prices  than 
later  in  the  season.  I  expect  to  keep  grade  Shropshire 
ewes  and  a  thoroughbred  Shropshire  ram,  which  I  think 
far  ahead  of  all  other  breeds  for  all  purposes.  I  have 
now  14  grade  ewes  and  2.5  lambs,  therefore,  I  hardly 
think  the  Dorsets  can  excel  that,  for  the  Shropshire  is 
not  only  prolific,  but  also  good  milkers  as  well.  Any 
information  on  the  breeding  subject  and  how  to  have 
earlv  lambs  will  be  gladly  accepted. 

Altjemarle  Co.,  Va.  W.  C.  S.,  Jr. 

The  first  thing  to  be  done  to  encourage  early  mating 
of  the  ewes  is  to  get  the  j)resent  crop  of  lambs  off  as 
quickly  as  possible.  After  weaning  tiirn  the  ewes  into 
a  short  pasture  and  keep  them  in  fair  thriving  condi- 
tion, but  with  no  tendency  to  becoming  fat.  In  August 
put  them  on  to  a  rich,  full  pasture  and  feed  them  a  little 
grain,  peas  and  oats  daily,  and  turn  the  buck  to  them 
at  night.    They  will  usually  soon  accept  service. — Ed. 


THE  BROOD  SOW. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

I  see  two  mistakes  in  my  article,  "The  Brood  Sow," 
in  March  Planter,  page  181,  which  you  will  please 
correct,  as  they  are  misleading.  I  begin' taking  off  the 
pigs  a  few  weeks  before  they  are  a  month  old.  Take 
off  two  or  three  per  day  until  all  are  off,  and  withhold 
all  slop  food  a  day  or  two  before  I  begin  taking  off  the 
pigs. 

Goochland  Co.,  Va.  N.  S.  Watkins. 


2'JO 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


The  Poultry  Yard. 


THE  BROWN  LEQ HORNS 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

The  good  qualities  of  the  Brown  Leghorn  I  find  are 
far  from  being  generally  known. 

So  many  questions  are  asked  concerning  them  that  I 
think  it  would  be  well  to  speak  of  some  of  their  good 
points  through  the  medium  of  your  most  excellent 
journal. 

They  are  not,  as  many  think,  very  delicate  and  hard 
to  raise,  on  the  contrary,  I  believe  they  are  the  hardiest 
chicken  I  know.  If  well  cared  for  a  few  days  after 
hatching,  they  need  only  to  be  fed  to  grow  right  off.  I 
have  raised  fifteen  from  one  hatch  and  shut  them  up 
only  three  nights,  and  I  might  say  fed  them  very  irregu- 
larly, as  they  left  their  house  before  I  went  out  to  feed, 
and  spent  most  of  their  time  around  the  stables. 

In  fact,  I  believe  the  Leghorn  thrives  best  with  little 
attention.  They  are  great  rovers,  and  will  come  nearer 
gathering  their  own  food  than  any  breed.  They  do  not 
like  confinement,  and  never  live  on  good  terms  with 
other  breeds.  I  find  they  lay  much  better  kept  by 
themselves.  They  have  the  name  of  being  great  egg 
producers,  which  is  very  correct.  For  all  the  year  round 
no  better  layers  are  known.  They  never  set  unless  ad- 
vanced in  years,  when  they  cannot  be  trusted  with  the 
eggs  to  the  hatching  day.  I  have  often  had  them  kill 
chickens  as  soon  as  they  left  the  shell,  and  still  oftener 
to  spoil  the  eggs  in  a  few  days  after  being  trusted  with 
them.  I  once  set  a  Leghorn  on  a  few  of  her  own  eggs, 
and  put  in  three  Plymouth  Kocks  to  make  up  the  right 
number.  Several  visits  paid  to  her  henship  showed  three 
eggs  too  few.  I  noticed  that  the  yellow  eggs  were  the 
discarded  ones,  which  goes  to  show  the  discriminating 
power  of  the  TjCghorn  hen. 

One  question  I  am  often  asked  is:  Aren't  the  Leg- 
horns easy  to  frost  bite?  I  never  saw  large  combed 
chickens  less  susceptible  to  cold. 

Naturally,  the  Leghorn  is  wild,  and  prefers  out-door 
roosts,  often  choosing  trees  and  open  sheds.  I  have 
kept  one  hundred  through  the  winter  and  only  two  show 
any  signs  of  frost  bitten  combs,  and  they  stayed  with 
about  fifty  others  under  an  open  shed  on  an  old  wagon. 
I  have  had  the  Tieghorn  for  ten  years,  and  my  father 
kept  them,  the  first  I  ever  saw  in  Virginia,  gathering 
eggs  daily  in  a  peck  basket,  the  envy  of  his  neighbors, 
who  were  so  an.xious  to  exchange  eggs  with  him. 

For  beauty,  style,  hardiness  and  laying  qualities,  I 


cheerfully  recommend  the  Leghorn.  They  are  a  little 
longer  getting  large  enough  to  eat  than  the  Brown' Ply- 
mouth Rock,  but  are  in  every  way  as  good  with  that  ex- 
ception, but  verj-  few  persons  would  wish  to  eat  such 
handsome  chickens. 

Albemarle  Co.,  Va.  Mrs.  Jno.  F.  Paynb. 


PULLETS   FOR   LAYERS. 


It  ia  the  pallets  that  do  the  late  fall  and  early  win- 
ter lajing,  and  if  we  would  have  an  abundant  supply 
of  eggs  at  the  time  of  highest  prices  a  goodly  propor- 
tion of  our  birds  must  be  early  hatched  aad  well- 
grown  pallets.  An  experiment  illastrating  the  doa 
bled  profits  to  be  gotten  from  pullets  as  compared  with 
year  old  hens  was  carried  on  at  the  Utah  Experiment 
Station,  Logan,  Utah,  a  few  years  ago.  and  the  results 
were  most  instructive.  Two  pens  of  old  hens  averaged 
85  eggs  apiece,  while  two  pens  of  pullets  averaged  170 
eggs  apiece — exactly  doable  the  number.  The  doubled 
uamber  of  eggs  laid  by  tae  pallets  djes  no!;  rightly 
present  the  ratio  of  profit,  however,  because  from  one- 
half  to  two  thirds  of  the  increase  comes  ac  a  time  of 
decidedly  higher  prices,  hence  the  proportion  of  profit 
is  much  greater.  Ia  this  Utah  experiment  fhe  aver- 
age value  of  the  eggs  per  hen  was  $0. 78,  while  that  of 
the  eggs  per  pullet  wis  $1.78.  The  food,  eos^,  laboj 
and  intersst  on  buildings,  eM;.,  is  no  greater  for  a  pal- 
let than  it  is  for  a  hen,  and  it  wjuld  seem  to  be  the 
part  of  wisdom  to  have  the  bulk  of  oar  docks  early - 
hatched  and  well  grown. 


To  keep  away  mites  and  lice  from  sitting  hens,  paint 
the  inside  of  nest-boxes  with  crude  carbolic  acid.  This 
has  been  used  with  perfect  success  for  the  past  two 
years. 


The  idea  that  nature  will  supply  both  food  and  shel- 
ter must  be  banished  before  the  hen  can  be  made  prof- 
itable. Houses  must  be  built,  food  must  be  given  and 
water  and  grit  must  be  supplied. 


Biddj-^'s  chicks  are  as  strong  as  machine  hatched 
ones.  If  given  reasonable  comon  sense  care,  she  will 
give  strong,  fast  growing  chicks  that  will  eventually 
bring  good  returns  to  the  owner. 

If  furnishing  eggs  for  table  use  is  your  branch  of  the 
poultry  business,  there  is  no  need  of  having  males  in 
the  flock.  In  fact,  it  is  better  to  have  none.  It  saves 
feed  ;  it  saves  worrv  of  the  hens. 


Though  ducks  are  water  fowl,  they  do  better  to  be 
kept  dry  while  wearing  their  downy  cloths.  Even 
waddling  through  wet  grass  is  not  helpful  to  their 
growth  and  development. 


1903. 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


261 


Bowel  trouble  that  carries  off  many  chicks  when  one 
or  two  weeks  old  may  be  often  corrected  by  taking  away 
their  drinking  water  and  giving  scalded  milk  instead. 

Hens  enjoy  scratching  for  a  living.  Give  them  the 
enjoyment  and  they  will  reward  you  with  a  good  supply 
of  eggs — provided  their  scratching  is  rewarded  with 
finding  grain. 

Wheat  contains  a  larger  per  cent,  of  albumen  than 
any  other  grain  and  for  this  reason  it  is  one  of  the  best 
grains  to  feed  for  egg  production.  It  should  not  be 
made  an  exclusive  ration,  however. 


In  buying  an  incubator  get  one  that  is  run  by  simple 
rules — if  the  riiles  are  long  and  complicated  you  may 
get  discouraged  before  you  master  them  and  start  the 
machine  before  you  can  run  it  successfully. 

There  is  not  a  great  deal  of  difference  in  the  feeding 
value  of  buckwheat  and  wheat,  pound  for  pound.  Buck  • 
wheat  is  a  good  winter  feed  and  may  be  fed  as  one  feed 
two  or  three  days  in  the  week  if  it  is  not  too  high 
priced. 

Don't  forget  about  the  lice.  There  may  be  thousands 
in  your  poultry  house  before  you  find  one.  Look  for 
them  and  take  measures  to  prevent  them  from  getting 
started.  Lice  killers  are  plentiful  and  cheap,  and  they 
save  a  lot  of  money  by  preventing  losses. 


If  the  fowls  are  let  out  for  a  run  through  the  only 
door  in  the  hen  house,  be  sure  it  is  fastened  open  so  they 
can  go  in  at  will,  either  through  the  day  or  at  roosting 
time.  The  weather  is  uncertain  in  March  and  an  open 
door  is  often  needed  to  escape  a  sudden  storm. 


Every  poultry  house  should  have  a  platform  under  the 
roosts  to  catch  the  droppings.  Such  an  arrangement 
allows  all  the  floor  space  to  be  utilized  for  scratching 
purposes  and  lessens  the  work  required  to  keep  the  house 
clean  and  sweet.  Have  a  droppings  board  and  clean 
it  at  least  twice  a  week — six  times  would  be  better. 


This  is  a  good  time  to  start  your  son  or  daughter  in 
the  poultry  business.  Let  them  care  for  the  flock, 
market  the  produce  and  have  the  returns  for  their  own 
spending.  If  they  cannot  get  enough  out  of  the  flock 
to  pay  for  their  keep  you  inquire  into  the  management 
and  suggest  the  remedy,  for  poultry  will  pay  if  man- 
aged rightly. 


At  the  South  Carolina  Experiment  Station  the  past 
two  seasons  several  remedies  have  been  tried  for  sore 
head.  The  best  results  were  obtained  from  the  follow- 
ing mixture:  Chloronaphtholeum  one  part,  lard  four 
parts.  Mix  well  and  grease  the  whole  head.  If  in  an 
advanced  stage,  wash  the  head  in  warm  water  to  remove 
scabs  before  using. 


Mention  the  Planter  when  corresponding  with  adver- 
tisers. 


WHAT  A  SMALL  FLOCK  15  DOINQ. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

I  have  20  Plymouth  Eock  and  16  White  Wyandotte 
hens  and  six  cocks.  It  has  cost  me  to  feed  them  during 
January  and  February  SJ  cents  each  per  month,  or  7^ 
cents  each  for  the  two  months.  I  have  got  an  average 
of  31  eggs  from  each  hen  in  the  two  months.  You  can 
judge  for  yoiirself  from  tliis  whether  it  pays  to  put  in 
any  time  with  good  poultry.  I  feed  my  chickens  in  the 
morning  first  green,  cut  bone  and  bran  mush;  next  a 
liberal  supply  of  green  vetch,  turnips  and  beets,  and  in 
the  evening  I  feed  corn,  peas  and  wheat  mixed  together. 

Iredell  Co.,  N.  C.  0.  E.  Shook. 


INCUBATORS  NECESSARY. 

Eecently  we  have  been  getting  numerous  letters 
from  our  subscribers  asking  us  if  we  really  think  in 
cubators  neceasary  to  the  successfnl  prosecution  of 
the  poultry  business. 

We  certainly  do  think  incubators  necessary,  or  we 
would  not  use  them,  recommend  them  or  urge  their 
use  by  those  who  raise  each  year  one  hundred  or  more 
chickens. 

We  believe  an  incubator  is  Just  as  necessary  as  any 
other  form  of  improved  machinery. 

The  farmer,  the  village  poultry  breeder,  and  the 
man  in  the  city  who  likes  poultry,  may  each  derive 
much  benefit  Irom  the  use  of  incubators  Instead  of  re- 
lying on  hens,  always  untrustworthy  and  never  pleas- 
ant to  handle  nor  easy  to  manage. 

An  incubator  may  be  kept  in  a  kitchen,  cellar,  bed- 
room or  living-room  without  any  oflfenee  to  any  of  the 
senses. 

There  is  no  more  odor  to  an  incubator  than  there  is 
to  an  ordinary  kerosene  lamp,  and  often  not  as  much, 
for  as  a  rule,  the  combustion  of  the  oil  in  an  incuba- 
tor lamp  is  more  perfect  than  it  is  in  an  oniinary 
house  lamp. 

As  incubators  are  now  made  they  are  not  unsightly, 
and  look  as  well  as  ordinary  house  furniture. 

We  are  thoroughly  and  unreservedly  in  favor  of  in- 
cubators. 

Often  we  gtt  a  letter  saying  the  writer  has  bought 
some  certain  kind  of  an  incubator,  but  has  not  made 
as  much  of  a  success  of  it  as  has  a  neighbor  who  has 
another  kind. 

The  trouble  is  almost  invariably  in  the  operator. 

If  our  correspondents  would  trade  incubators  with 
their  neighbors,  they  would  probably  not  change 
their  "luck"  in  the  least,  and  their  neighbor  would 
continue  to  get  good  hatches  and  they  would  get  poor 
ones.  ^;  .^.j 

The  incubator  has  come  to  stay;  is  firmly  fixed, 'juid 
the  poultry  breeder  who  does  not  use  them  Is  fallin 
behind  the  procession. — Commercial  Poultry. 


If  you  set  any  hens  this  month  do  not  give  them  all 
the  eggs  thev  can  possibly  cover,  for  we  may  expect 
some  cold  days,  and  eggs  are  liable  to  be  chliled  if 
near  the  nest's  edge. 


202 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


The   Horse. 


April 


A  LIBERAL  OFFER. 

Mr.  R.  Harvey  Barton,  of  Dublin,  Pulaski  county, 
Va.,  writes  that  he  will  bo  glad  to  allow  his  stallion 
Wilberforce,  2:21,  by  Pilot  Wilkes,  out  of  Nellie  Green, 
2:25,  to  .serve  three  mares  of  approved  breeding  free 
of  charge.  If  the  mares  are  shipped  to  him  the  1st  of 
of  May  or  later  he  will  keep  them  a  month  free  of 
charge.    He  would  prefer  well  l)red  Hul  mares. 


N0TE5 


The  Virginia  Horse  Show  Association  is  making 
active  preparations  for  the  greatest  season  of  its  career, 
and  not  only  will  larger  prizes  be  offered,  but  more 
varied  programmes  be  gotten  out  and  a  large  number 
of  novelties  introduced.  At  a  recent  meeting  in  Wash- 
ington twelve  organizations  were  represented  and  a 
schedule  of  dates  arranged  that  seems  likely  to  meet 
with  general  approval.  This  schedule  was  prepared  by 
J.  T.  Anderson,  of  Richmond;  C.  W.  Smith,  of  War- 
renton.  and  Charles  Milliken,  of  Berryville.  An  amend- 
ment, howe\er,  was  offered  by  J.  J.  Davies,  of  Manassas, 
and  adoptd  to  the  effect  that  within  fifteen  days  from 
the  date  of  the  meeting  that  the  various  horse  show 
organizations  in  the  association  may  have  the  days  of 
the  week  alloted  them  changed  to  some  other  days  in 
the  same  week,  if  desired.  The  Virginia  Horse  Show 
Circuit  is  an  interesting  one  and  yearly  enlarges  and 
grows  more  important.  This  is  as  it  should  be,  as  some 
great  show  horses  are  developed,  while  the  impetus  given 
the  breeding  of  high-class  harness  horses,  saddlers, 
hunters  and  jumpers  is  very  decided  and  of  much  bene- 
fit to  breeders  and  farmers  in  general.  The  dates  of 
this  circuit  follow : 

Leesburg,  June  ;i,  4;  Upperville,  June  10,  11;  Cul- 
peper,  July  3,  4;  Manassas,  July  21,  22;  Orange,  July 
28,  29 ;  Front  Royal,  August  5,  6 ;  Berryville,  August 
12,  13;  Harrisonburg,  August  19,  20;  Warreiiton,  Au- 
gust 26,  27  ;  Charlottesville,  September  2,  3 ;  LjTich- 
burg,  October  7,  10;  Richmond,  October  12-17. 
*     *     * 

M.  W.  Savage,  of  Minneapolis,  Minnesota,  proprietor 
of  the  famous  International  Stock  Food,  and  of  the  ele- 
gant stock  farm  bearing  the  same  name,  which  is  the 
home  of  the  noted  stallions  Dan  Patch,  1:59^;  Direc- 
tum, 2  :05i,  and  Roy  Wilkes,  2  :06J,  is  stocking  his  great 
breeding  establishment  with  a  band  of  brood  jnares  in 
keeping  with  the  sires  in  \ise  there.  Mr.  Savage  has 
recently  purchased  from  W.  J.  Carter,  the  brown  mare 
Alcyrene,  2 :275,  by  Alcyone,  dam  Bessie  Oliver,  by 
Kearsarge,  the  son  of  Volunteer  and  famous  old  Clara, 
dam  of  Dexter,  2:17^;  Dictator,  etc.  Alcvone  is  in  fonl 
to  Red  Leo,  2:26|,  by  Red  Wilkes.  The  brown  colt 
Featherbone,  one  year  old,  by  Whalebone,  7872,  out  of 
Alcyrene,  bred  and  owned  liy  Mr.  Carter,  is  a  trotter 
and  promises  to  develop  both  speed  and  race  horse 
capacity. 


Whalebone,  7872,  the  son  of  Abdallah  Wilkes  and 
Molly  0.,  by  Adallah,  15,  owned  by  W.  J.  Carter,  of 
this  city,  is  making  his  third  consecutive  season  here, 
and  so  well  pleaaed  with  his  foal  are  those  who  bred  to 
him,  that  his  book  is  fast  filling.  This  horse  is  not 
only  well  bred,  but  has  manners,  style,  speed  and  action 
that  fit  him  for  the  show  ring,  and  these  qualities  are 
uniformly  transmitted  to  his  get.  That  the  latter  are 
large  and  well  formed  is  an  item  of  great  importance 
that  should  not  be  lost  sight  of  by  breeders,  as  such 
horses  find  ready  sale  now  at  paying  prices. 

*  *     * 

The  Ainslie  Carriage  Company,  of  south  Tenth  street, 
this  city,  of  which  David  A.  Ainslie  is  the  head  and 
moving  spirit,  reports  a  fine  trade  this  season,  which 
applies  not  only  to  business  wagons  and  the  like,  but 
to  pleasure  vehicles  of  all  classes,  including  landaus, 
broughams  and  family  carriages.  Particular  attention 
is  directed  to  the  stock  of  the  last  named,  especially  to 
those  designed  for  the  use  of  farmers  and  others  away 
from  cities.  The  Ainslie  Carriage  Company  is  the  old- 
est hou,«e  of  its  kind  probably  in  the  South,  and  has 
enjoyed  a  long  and  continued  prosperity  on  account  of 
uniform  fair  dealing  and  strict  attention  to  recognized 
btisiness  methods. 

*  *     * 

T.  0.  Sandy,  of  the  Grove  Stock  Farm,  Burkeville, 
Va.,  has  made  a  number  of  sales  recently  and  his  patrons 
are  well  pleased  with  his  method  of  doing  business,  ^fr. 
Sandy  is  one  of  the  most  progressive,  up-to-date  farm- 
ers in  the  South,  and  has  achieved  an  envialble  degree 
of  success.  Through  an  advertisement  in  the  Southern 
Planter  he  has  recently  sold  to  parties  on  the  Eastern 
Shore  of  Virginia,  the  imported  hackney  stallion  The 
Duke,  by  Silver  Star,  dam  Lady  Fanny,  by  Rob  Roy. 
The  Duke  was  brought  to  the  above  section  by  the  late 
Captain  Orris  A.  Browne,  of  Cape  Charles,  and  from 
him  passed  to  J.  A.  Jarvis,  Eastville,  who  sold  him  to 
Mr.  Sandy.  The  Duke  left  a  number  of  promising 
colts  around  Cape  Charles  and  Eastville,  which  induced 
his  return  to  that  section. 

*  *     * 

Wickham,  the  clic-^tnut  son  of  Willful  and  Ecliptic, 
who  heads  the  Cedar  Grove  Farm  of  Mr.  Harry  Gid- 
dings,  Ontario,  Canada,  is  attracting  attention  as  a  sire 
in  the  Dominion  of  King  Edward.  Recently  ^Ir.  Gid- 
dings  sold  two  of  his  get  in  Wire  In,  4,  and  War  Whoop, 
2,  both  out  of  Lady  Liglitfoot,  for  $7,000.  Wickham 
was  bred  in  the  Bullficld  Stud  of  the  late  Major 
Thomas  W.  Doswell.  and  was  foaled  in  1882.  His 
sire.  Willful,  son  of  imp.  Australian,  formerly  headed 
the  Bullfield  Stud,  while  his  dam.  Ecliptic,  was  one  of 
the  foundation  brood  marcs.  She  was  bred  by  Major 
Doswell  and  sired  by  imp.  Eclipse,  dam  the  ever  famous 
Nina,  by  Boston.  Wickham  was  a  successful  turf  per- 
former, and  though  well  along  in  years,  he  is  still  siring 
speed  and  race  horse  quality. 

Broad  Rock. 


1903] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


263 


niscellaneous. 


VIRGINIA      POLYTECHNIC      INSTITUTE,     AGRI- 
CULTURAL AND  riERCHANICAL  COLLEGE, 
BLACKSBURQ,  VA. 

The  wonderful  reputation  whicti  this  most  excellent 
institution  has  made  during  the  last  ten  years  under  the 
direction  of  Dr.  J.  M.  McBryde  has  resulted  in  such  an 
influ.x  of  students  during  the  past  five  years  that  the 
facilities  afforded  by  the  e.xisting  buildings  are  more 
than  exhausted,  and  class  rooms  and  dormitories  are 
so  overcrowded  as  to  render  good  work  and  discipline 
difficult.  The  youths  of  this  State  have  Ifearned  to  ap- 
preciate the  fact  that  what  they  need  in  order  to  insure 
success  in  life  is  a  practical  technical  education  rather 
than  a  merely  literary  training.  They  see  that  it  is 
the  men  who  know  how  to  do  something  rather  than 
those  who  merely  know  how  to  say  something  who  are 
the  ones  wanted  and  who  succeed  in  life.  They  realize 
that  it  is  the  j'outh  who  has  had  a  special  technical 
training  for  his  calling,  be  it  as  a  farmer,  as  an  engi- 
neer or  as  a  scientist  who  is  wanted  by  the  makers  of 
the  destinies  of  the  country.  As  a  result  of  this  knowl- 
edge they  clamor  for  admission  to  the  technical  col- 
lege. Realizing  this  fact,  and  the  impossibility  of  re- 
sponding to  the  demand  without  further  help  from  the 
State,  the  Board  of  Visitors  of  the  Polytechnic  Institute 
are  applying  to  the  Legislature  of  Virginia  for  an  ap- 
propriation of  $]  40,(i00  to  enable  them  to  erect  and  fur- 
nish the  required  buildings  and  appliances,  and  for  an 
annual  grant  of  $40,000  to  enable  them  to  maintain  the 
fabric  of  the  institution,  and  keep  it  fully  equipped 
with  the  necessar)^  scientific  equipment  to  enable  it  to 
give  the  training  for  which  it  was  instituted.  Whilst 
realizing  as  fully  as  any  one  can  do  the  necessity  for 
keeping  down  the  expenditure  of  the  State  and  curbing 
all  extravagance  in  order  that  she  may  be  able  to  live 
within  her  income  and  avoid  an  increase  of  taxation,  we 
feel  constrained  to  support  the  Board  of  Visitors  in  their 
appeal,  and  to  ask  our  readers  to  urge  upon  their  repre- 
sentatives in  the  Legislature  to  give  favorable  consider- 
ation to  the  appropriation  asked.  The  farmers  of  the 
State  are  deeply  concerned  in  this  question.  The  Poly- 
technic Institution  is  the  only  one  in  the  State  where 
their  sons  can  receive  free  of  cost  for  tuition  special 
training  in  scientific  agriculture,  horticulture  and  fruit 
growing,  and  the  pi-esident  of  the  college  informs  us 
that  they  are  realizing  this  fact,  and  that  the  students 
in  the  Agi'icultural  Department  now  more  than  utilize 
all  the  accommodation  which  the  board  have  provided. 
Unless  the  appropriation  asked  for  is  made  the  college 


will  have  to  refuse  admission  to  any  more  students.  It 
if  a  serious  responsibility  for  the  State  to  deny  to  its 
youth  the  opportunity  of  obtaining  that  training  which 
is  needed  for  success  in  life.  We  trust  that  the  Legis- 
lature will  realize  this  and  make  the  appropriation,  even 
though  in  order  to  do  so  it  may  have  to  deny  some 
other  appropriations  which  are  being  asked  for.  We 
think  that  the  appropriation  asked  for  the  alteration 
of  the  Capitol  ($200,000)  might  well  be  postponed  in 
favor  of  that  for  the  college.  The  Capitol  and  new 
Library  Building  has  met  the  needs  of  the  State  for 
public  offices  up  to  this  time,  and  we  think  they  might 
well  continue  to  do  for  some  years  to  come.  The  claim 
of  the  Polytechnic  Institute  is  for  help  which  is  urgently 
and  immediately  needed  to  prevent  the  necessity  for 
denying  admission  to  the  youth  of  the  State  to  the  first 
rung  of  the  ladder  on  which  they  may  mount  to  success. 
Such  a  claim  as  this  ought  to  have  priority  over  every- 
thing but  the  absolutely  essential  needs  of  economical 
government. 


THE  WASTING  OF  THE  LANDS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

I  am  encouraged  by  seeing  that  you  put  so  much 
stress  in  your  valued  monthly  on  diversity  of  agricul- 
tural products,  importance  of  live  stock  raising,  grass, 
clover,  peas,  small  grains,  &c.,  as  against  too  much 
cotton  and  other  cleanhoed  crops.  And  in  this  connec- 
tion permit  me  to  say  that  another  ray  of  hope  I  have 
for  our  Piedmont  sections  is  that  the  higher  prices  of 
meats,  &c.,  coupled  with  the  scarcity  of  farm  labor,  may 
soon  lead  or  drive  us  hill-side  farmers  to  adopt  a  more 
rational  system  of  agriculture,  one  consistent  with  the 
topography  of  our  country,  and  with  the  nature  of  our 
soil  and  climate.  I  mean  practices  which  will  tend  to 
hold  the  sand  and  soil  on  the  upland,  where  nature 
init  it.  and  where  it  should  be  kept ;  for,  doubtless,  far 
more  land  in  rolling  regions  is  ruined  by  washing  away 
than  is  impoverished  by  cropping.  As  a  consequence 
of  existing  suicidal  methods  in  many  instances  the  beds 
of  the  streams  are  filled  with  sand,  and  the  low-lands 
(formerly  worth  5  times  the  upland,  acre  for  acre) 
are  in  part,  or  totally  abandoned,  except  possibly  as  cow 
pasture  in  dry  summers. 

More  and  more  timber  is  being  cut  each  year,  more 
land  cleared  and  cultivated  if  possible,  and"  mostly  in 
such  a  way  as  to  furnish  more  and  more  sand  to  cover 
up  the  bottoms.  The  question  naturally  arises:  What 
will  we  or  posterity  do  forty  years  hence  if  this  kind 
of  work  goes  on  and  increases  as  it  has  done  in  the  last 
forty  years?  Isn't  it  high  time  to  call  a  halt  and  take 
our  bearings  ?  Talk  about  draining  your  bottoms  when 
tons  and  tons  of  sand  come  in  with  every  heavy  rain ! 
Go  back  to  your  hills  and  set  things  right  there  first, 


264 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


and  give  nature  a  chance ;  she  is  as  ready  to  restore  as 
she  is  to  waste,  and  more  so. 

I  have  noticed  that  some  streams  having  from  25 
to  35  feet  fall  to  the  mile  are  almost  constantly  clogged 
with  sand.  On  the  other  hand,  the  Illinois  river  runs 
250  miles  with  only  about  28  feet  fall  in  that  distance, 
and  still  remains  a  river.  The  different  surrounding 
conditions  and  methods  of  working  and  cropping  lands 
are  the  key  to  the  true  solution  of  this  problem. 

I  have  watched  with  interest  this  trend  of  things  for 
nearly  forty  years,  and  I  must  say  that  I  deem  it  one 
of  the  biggest  questions  of  the  day,  in  a  material  way, 
and  which  must  be  grappled  with  in  earnest,  and  the 
sooner  the  better.  It  means  millions  for  weal  or  for 
woe. 

But  I  must  desist.  Go  on,  Mr.  Editor,  with  your 
work  of  reform. 

Rowan  Co.,  N.  C.  J.  K.  G. 


PROPERTY  GONE  IN  SHOKE. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Ever  since  the  beginning  the  creation  of  property  has 
employed  intelligent  people.  Property  has  been  the 
basis  of  support  and  arises  from  the  hand  of  industry 
and  economy.  The  marvelous  waste  of  the  products  of 
labor  by  blind  stupidity  and  recklessness,  and  the  crimi- 
nal use  of  fire,  has  been  a  besetting  frailty  of  the  ages, 
but  now  challenges  the  attention  of  modern  civilization. 
The  effort  has  been  to  succeed  by  increased  toil  and 
study  despite  the  ravages  of  fires,  which  have  been  tol- 
erated as  a  fatality.  Intelligent  thinkers  consider  con- 
flagrations with  their  horrors,  the  creatures  of  cause  and 
responsibility.  They  are  blows  directed  not  only  against 
individuals,  but  against  society  and  the  State,  the  body 
politic.  In  this  age  of  intensive  thinking  and  investi- 
gation, the  rude  and  barbarous  customs  of  the  past  must 
give  place  to  common  sense  and  improved  methods  by 
which  immense  savings  may  be  accomplished  and  the 
general  welfare  promoted. 

That  class  of  people  with  minds  and  dispositions  hos- 
tile to  private  accumulations  and  public  prosperity  must 
be  dealt  with  and  cared  for  by  the  government  arms. 
Their  number  is  small  and  can  be  diminished  by  suita- 
ble discipline,  and  fire-waste  may  be  reduced  to  the  un- 
avoidable minimum.  It  was  a  maxim  at  common  law 
that  an  individual  should  suffer  rather  than  the  public 
be  incommoded,  but  here  the  public  suffers  to  indulge 
the  base  passion  of  the  individual.  The  waste  referred 
to  in  the  February  paper  referred  to  the  waste  caused 
by  fprest  fires.  The  lack  of  information  in  the  census 
retqrns,  and  also  on  the  part  of  the  State  on  fire  losses, 
is  strange  in  view  of  the  immensity  and  retarding  in- 
fluence upon  the  property  and  the  country,  and  the  de- 
struction of  life.. 

The  Year  Book,  American  Agriculturist,  1898,  pp. 
271-2,  represents  the  fire  losses  in  the  United  States 
from  1877  to  1896,  inclusive,  $2,337,000,000.  In  the 
State  of  Virginia  for  21  years  at  $28,427,000.  This 
appears  to  be  insured  property ;  the  uninsured  should  be 
added,  and  this  would  probably  increase  the  loss  in  Vir- 
ginia to  double.    This  data  is  obtained  from  "the  great 


problems  of  1898  insurance."  It  is  astounding  to  see 
the  lack  of  sagacity  and  practical  financial  acumen 
which  has  permitted  this  great  grievance  to  run  on.  If 
committed  by  a  foreign  power  it  would  long  since  have 
been  declared  a  cause  of  war. 

Will  the  Assembly  of  Virginia  take  hold  of  this  sub- 
ject before  it  adjourns,  and  inaugurate  remedial  meas- 
ures to  be  perfected  as  time  shall  suggest?  The  burning 
can  produce  something  besides  persimmons,  broom  straw 
of  institutions  of  charity,  schools,  the  university,  semi- 
naries, hotels,  factories,  towns,  cities,  private  resi- 
dences, country  homes  and  property,  and  not  least,  pre- 
cious lives,  should  command  relief,  if  the  ingenuity  of 
man  can  devise  it,  increased  revenue  demands  it.  Turn 
attention  to  saving  this  waste  to  the  relief  of  increased 
taxation.      , 

Augusta  Co.,  Va.  Pro.  Bono  Publico. 


A  BIT  OF  EXPERIENCE  IN  FARMING  IN 
VIRGINIA. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Last  October,  twelve  months  ago  (1901),  I  had  on 
a  small  piece  of  ground  com,  sweet  potatoes  and  peas. 
That  same  month  I  sowed  on  that  same  piece  one  bushel 
of  rye.  The  third  week  in  the  following  April  (1902), 
I  began  to  cut  it  for  feeding.  The  first  crop  was  heavy ; 
three  weeks  afterwards  I  cut  the  second  crop,  very  fair; 
several  weeks  after  this  I  cut  for  the  third  time  a  thin 
but  well  matured  crop.  In  June  I  broke  the  ground 
with  a  one-horse  plow  and  sowed  peas  and  planted  sweet 
potatoes,  both  of  these  crops  doing  well.  I  plowed  the 
vines  under  the  first  of  October,  and  seeded  to  rye  again, 
this  being  the  sixth  crop  put  on  the  same  land  in  one 
year. 

If  any  brother  can  beat  this  I  would  like  to  hear  from 
him.  I  write  this  to  show  you  that  "Old  Fluvanna" 
and  pretty  girls. 

Fluvanna  Co.,  Va.  S.  E.  Bbale. 


CONFEDERATE  BAZAAR  APRIL  15,  19o3,  RICH- 
MOND. VA. 

All  over  the  South  we  have  placed  monuments  to 
our  private  soldiers  and  sailors  and  their  great  com- 
manders. 

It  now  remains  for  the  capital  of  the  Confederacy  to 
crown  the  whole  by  raising  one  to  our  first,  our  last,  oiur 
only  President,  the  head  of  our  civil  government — a 
government  as  wonderful  as  it  was  brief. 

We  owe  this  duty  to  ourselves,  and  to  our  children, 
that  they  may  realize  what  a  sublime  record  was  made 
for  them  in  history.  The  whole  South  unites  in  this 
loving  tribute  to  the  men  who  died  to  uphold  that  gov- 
ernment, and  to  those  who,  with  no  less  devotion, 
steered  the  Ship  of  State.  What  have  you  done  to  help 
us?  What  will  you  do  to  complete  the  work?  We 
ask  both  your  influence,  and  your  sympathy,  that  we 
may  build  a  monument  worthy  of  our  people  and  their 
deathless  past. 

This  movement  is  endorsed  by  the  United  Confed- 
erate Veterans  and  the  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy. 


1903] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


265 


THE 


Southern  Planter 

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RICHMOND,  VA. 

Issued  on  Ist  of  each  Month. 


J.  F.  JACKSON, 
Editor  and  General  Manager. 

B.  MORGAN  SHEPHERD, 
BUSINKSS  Manaqbk. 

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TERMS  OF  SUBSCRIPTION. 

Ttie  Sontbern  Plnnter  Is  mailed  to  snb- 
■  irlbers  In  the  United  States  and  Canada  at 
60  1,  per  annum ;  all  foreign  countries  and  the 
O  ty  of  Richmond,  7.50. 

Bnmlttaiices  should  be  made  direct  to  this 
office,  either  by  Registered  Letter  or  Money 
Order,  which  will  beat  our  risk.  When  made 
otherwise  we  cannot  be  responsible. 

We  Invite  Farmers  to  write  ub  on  any 
«trlouItural  topic.  We  are  always  pleased  to 
Ttoelye  practical  articles.  Criticism  of  Artl- 
■eles,  Suggestions  How  to  Improve  Thk 
Plantir,  Descriptions  of  New  Grains,  Roots, 
or  Vegetables  not  generally  known,  Partlcu- 
lAn  of  Experiments  Tried,  or  Improved 
Methods  of  Cultivation  are  each  and  aU  wel- 
aome.  Contributions  sent  us  must  not  be  fur- 
iLlMhed  other  papers  until  after  they  have  ap- 
peared In  our  columns.  Rejected  matter  will 
te  returned  on  receipt  of  postage. 

Alwavs  give  tbe  Name  of  the  Post  Office 
to  which  your  paper  U  sent.  Your  name  can- 
not be  found  on  our  books  unless  this  Is  done. 

>nh«erib«rs  EalUng  to  receive  their  paper 
promptly  and  regularly,  will  confer  a  favor 
»y  reporting  the  fact  at  onoe. 

TI>«  Date  ob  yonr  Label  shows  to  what 
«lme  your  subscription  Is  paid. 

■o  aHonymoas  communications  or  en 
^nlrlee  wlU  receive  attention. 

Address-         THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 

RIOHMOHD,  VA. 

Detail   Index  to  Enquirer's 
Column. 

Soja  Beans 246 

Fertilizer — Composition    of   Fertil- 
izers   246 

Sorghum    and   Millet — Plowing   for 

Wheat 247 

Grass  for  Name .,  247 

Blight  on  Apple  Trees 247 

Corn  Fertilizer 247 

Seeding  Crinson  Clover  and  Vetch...  247 
Cut  Worms  and  Tomatoes — Fertilizer 
for  Tomatoes— Grubs  in  Backs  of 

Cattle 247 

Johnson  Grass 248 

Failure  of  Soil  to  Grow  Crops — In- 
sects in  Seed..^ 248 

Top-Dressing  for  Meadow — Fertilizer 

for  Young  Apple  Tress 248 

Lame  Horse 249 

Oow^Peas'  and   Oats— Cow-Peas  and 

~Cc;rn — Killing^Persimmons 249 

Lime— Nitrate  of  Soda — Potash 249 

Value  of  Milk  Cows 249 

Wood  Ashes 249 


PUBLISHER'S  NOTES. 


TO  ADVERTISERS. 

All  advertiaemente  and  matter 
pertaining  to  advertising  must 
Teach  us  by  the  25th  of  each  month, 
please  bear  this  in  mind. 


To  Subscribers. 

The  season  for  sabscribiug  to 
journals  is  fast  drawing  to  a  close. 
Work  on  the  farm  is  beginning 
to  tax  the  time  and  energies  of 
the  farmer  to  keep  up  with  it, 
and  little  opportunity  will  now 
offer  for  inducing  your  friends  to 
become  readers  of  The  Southeen 
Planter.  We  would,  however, 
ask  our  friends  to  avail  them- 
selves of  what  time  they  can  spare 
to  give  us  yet  another  lift.  Most 
farme.'S  find  time  to  attend  the 
April  Courts,  as  they  have  gener- 
ally supplies  of  some  kind  to  pro 
cure  or  have  stock  to  sell  or  bay. 
When  starting  out  for  court,  put 
yonr  copy  of  The  Southern 
Planter  in  your  pocket,  and 
when  an  opportunity  offers  bring 
it  to  the  notice  of  your  friends, 
and  secure  us  a  few  subscribers. 
This  you  can  easily  do,  and  at  the 
same  time  benefit  yourself  by  se 
curing  the  terms  which  we  offer  to 
old  subscribers  who  send  us  in  two 
or  more  new  names  with  the  money 
for  them.  We  have  had  a  most 
successful  subscription  season  so 
far,  having  within  the  past  three 
months  secured  more  new  subscri- 
bers than  ever  before  in  the  same 
time.  We  want,  however,  to  add 
yet  more  to  the  list,  and  yon  can 
help  us  to  do  so.  Will  you  try? 
We  feel  that  it  is  not  necessary  for 
us  to  say  one  word  in  commen- 
dation of  the  journal.  Tke  thou- 
sands who  read  it  and  send  us  tes 
tlmonials,  unasked,  £8  to  its  help- 
fulness to  them,  emphasize  this 
point  better  and  more  disinter- 
estedly than  we  can  do. 

A  Neat  BINDER  for  yonr  back  nom- 
.'>erB  can  be  bad  for  26  cents.  Addrees 
the  Basineas  Office. 


WOOD'S  SEEDS. 


Cow  Peas 
Soja  Beans 

WRITE  FOR^PRICES. 

We  have  issued  two  special 
circulars  entitled,  "Soja  Beans 
vs.  Corn,"  and  "  Cow  Peaj,  The 
Clover  of  the  South,"  which  we 
will  mail  free  to  parties  in- 
terested, upon  request. 

T.  W.  WOOD  &  SONS, 

Seedsm;n,    Richmond,  Va, 


Spring  Samples 

FREE 

Fine  Suitings 

7cnth  tape  measure  atid  self 
measurement  blank. 


You  Save  a  half  by 
Buying  Direct  from  the  Mill. 


suits — our  prices  are 

STYLISH  SUITS 
$7.50  and  $10. 

We  buy  raw  wool  and  do  all  tlie  rest  under 
one  roof,  selling  you  these  line  ail  wool  suits 
direct.  We  call  special  attention  to  three  facts: 
These  suits  have  all  liniid  shrunk  coIIrvs, 
hand  uiaile  buttonholes,  padded  shutil- 
dera.  We  invite  comparison  of  our  suits 
with  suits  costing  §18.00  to  $-2o.uo  that  are  sold 
in  the  usual  way.  Every  garment  bears  our 
label  and  is  gimranteed/or  one  yfur. 

Men's  all  wool  and  worsted  trousers  S2., $2.50  and 
$'■:.  llaiidsoiiiPlymatie  and  trimmed.  Wenavetlie 
all-wool  boyseloth- 


ihy> 


iii-'^anaskirlii 

GLEN  ROCK  WOOLEN  MILLS,  Son 


CRONK'S 

Improved  c 
Staple  Pullef 

IS  AT  THE  FKOXT.  Ask  your  dealer  to  show 
it.  TUreswire  cuttL-rs,  two  ham!iioi"i,  two  splicing 
clamiji— all  In  ouo  toil  A  Staple  Puller  tti. twill 
pu;i  staples  when  no  OL-ber  make  will.  A  cuttertiiat 
will  reaca  wir^  when  the  button  cutt«r  will  nut.  One 
days  usewillsavethecostot  It.  asl.oo,  postage  paid 
CKON1S&  CAKKIKK  MFG.CO.,  iilmira.N.  li. 


266 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


WITH  THE  ADVERTISERS. 
The  Studebaker  Bros.  Mfg.  Co.,  of 
South  Bend,  Ind.,  send  us  a  very 
beautiful  poster,  showing  a  photo- 
graphic reproduction  of  the  original 
log  cabin  aird  blacksmith  shop,  which 
was  the  beginning  of  their  mammoth 
enterprise,  which  is  also  shown.  The 
lesson  of  the  wonderful  progress  made 
by  this  firm  is  forcibly  presented. 

The  Granite  Poultry  Yards  are  of- 
fering eggs  from  fine  laying  strains 
of  Barred  Plymouth  Rocks  and  Sil- 
ver Laced  Wyandottes. 

"The  Cultivation  and  Storing  of 
Sweet  PoUtoes,"  is  the  subject  of  a 
little  pamphlet  advertised  for  sale 
by  Bryan  Tyson  in  this  issue. 

T.  W.  Jarman  reports  that  business 
is  good  in  Pit  Games,  as  a  result  of 
his  advertising  with  us. 

Hawkins  and  other  fine  strains  of 
poultry  are  advertised  by  the  Oak- 
land Poultry  Farm,  Ruffin,  N.  C. 

A.  S.  Craven  is  also  advertising  Pit 
Games  elsewhere  in  this  issue. 


Baker's  Jack  Farm,  Lawrence,  Ind., 
Issues  a  little  pamphlet,  containing 
20  reasons  why  a  farmer  should  raise 
mules.  He  will  send  it  free  on  ap- 
plication. 


S.  P.  Yoder  is  advertising  Silver 
l,aced  Wyandottes  in  another  column. 
He  claims  the  Golden  Rule  for  his 
motto. 

The  Onstad  Chemical  Co.  is  adver- 
tising its  well-known  Lumpy  Jaw  Cap- 
sules in  this  issue.  This  company 
will  gladly  mail  a  circular,  giving  tes- 
timonials as  to  the  merits  of  this 
preparation. 

Note  the  advertisement  of  the  Cas- 
talia  Herefords  in  this  issue.  Some 
splendid  stock  is  offered. 


CATARRH  CAXXOT  BE  CURED 

with  LOCAL  APPLICATIONS,  as  the^r 
cannot  reach  the  seat  of  the  disease.    Ca- 
tarrh is  a  blood  or  constitutional  disease, 
and  in  order  to  cure  it  you  must  take  in- 
ternal remedies.    Hall's  Catarrh  Cure  is 
taken  internally,  and  acts  directly  on  the 
blood  and  mucous  surfaces.    Hall's  Ca- 
tarrh Cure  is  not  a  quack  medicine.    It 
was  prescrilied  by  one  of  the  best  phvsi- 
''cians  in  this  country  for  years,  and  is  a 
regular  prescription.    It  is  composed  of 
the  best  tonics  known,  combined  with 
the  best  blood  purifiers,  acting  directly  on 
the  mucous  surfaces.    The  perfect  combi- 
nation of  the  two  ingredients  is  what 
produces  such  wonderful  results  in  curing 
Catarrh.    Send  for  testimonials,  free. 
F.  J.  CHENT;Y,  &  CO.,  Props., 
Toledo,  O. 
Sold  by  druggists,  price  75c. 
Hall'e  Family  Pills  are  the  best. 


(^ 


THE  • 

FARMER  WITH  AN 
EYE     r^fe       FOR 


^ 


BUMfESS 


PURCHASED 

the  McCormick  whenever  he  wants  a  binder,  reaper,  mower, 
rake,  corn  binder,  husker  and  shredder,  or  other  harvesting 
machine,  because  he  prefers  machines  that  meet  his  require- 
ments—  machines  that  give  him  satisfaction  —  machines  that 
are  worth  ever\'  dollar  that  he  pays  for  them. 

!t  will  help  your  farming  business  to  read  the  McG>rmick  book.  "A 
MODEL  MACHINE."  which  is  mailed  free. 


W. 


w 


K.  BACHE,  General  Agent  for 

McCormick  Machines,  Richmond,  Va.      rv  I  j 


ORDER   AND   SEE  THAT  YOU  GET 

Pasteur  Black  Leg  Vaccine 


If  not  obtainable  from  dealers,  refuse  substitutes  and  ■wire  your 
order  to  us.  Over  20,000,000  calves  successfully  vaccinated  with 
the  original  Vaccine  during  the  la.st  eighteen  years.  Powder  form 
and  Cord  form  both  for  Single  and  Donljle  treatment. 

PASTEUR  VACCINE  COMPANY,  Ld., 

CHICAGO    -    NEW  YORK,    -    FT.  WORTH    =    SAN  FRANCISCO. 


Save  Time,  Labor  and  Money  ^':>;'j9«jh«;hing 

This  Bo.  t  PeBa(TiT].nU  TkrMhrr  kad  ClMser  &ad  RoU*r  B^uIb^  ^^r^h^-^^^^^ 
Ltnl  Tr«»d  Pvwcr  is  t.'.c  bestiadividuki  outfit  far  threshing  rycbarler, 

••M»,p«Bpv*Mv,«p«»l»cv«M,4tan,ato.   Aln sikc Wtw pMwt, ^Md  mA  1^ 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


267 


The  Virginia  Cattle  Food  Co.  starts 
Its  spring  advertising  in  this  num- 
ber. This  company  is  sole  proprietor 
of  Mrs.  Lea's  Milk  and  Butter  Puri- 
fier. That  this  preparation  removes 
all  taint  of  garlic  or  weeds  from  the 
mill,  and  butter  is  amply  attested  by 
the  numerous  testimonials,  which  they 
will  be  pleased  to  send  any  one  in- 
terested. 


Slug  Shot  is  offered  our  readers  as 
usual  this  season  by  Benj.  Hammond, 
Fishkill,  N.  Y.  This  well-known  in- 
secticide has  been  on  the  market  over 
20  years,  as  numbers  of  our  readers 
know. 

Look  up  th^  ad.  and  get  circulars 
and  other  information  in  regard  to 
it. 


Thomas  S.  White,  of  Lexington,  Va., 
offers  65  head  of  Shorthorn  Cattle  for 
sale.  One-third  of  these  are  regis- 
tered, one-third  are  entitled  to  regis- 
try, and  the  remaining  third  are 
grades.  If  you  want  some  good  stock 
you  had  better  investigate  this  offer- 
ing. 


Laidlaw,  Mackill  &  Co.  have  a  halt- 
page  ad.  of  their  well-known  Sheep 
Dip  and  Cattle  Wash  in  this  issue. 


The  Filston  Farm  increases  its 
space  in  this  Issue.  There  is  al- 
ways something  good  offered  by  this 
well-known  firm. 


In  addition  to  its  Keystone  Corn 
Planter,  the  A.  B.  Farquhar  Co.  is  ad- 
vertising its  splendid  Threshing  out- 
fit. 


A  three-quarter  Hereford  Bull  is  of- 
fered by  Mr.  W.  C.  Reed. 


F.  W.  Walter  &  Son  will  sell  you  a 
fine  Piano  and  take  stock  in  payment. 


Look   up  the  advertisement  .of  the 
International  Stock  Food  Co. 


A  NEA.T  BINDER  for  your  back 
numbers  can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Ad- 
dress the  Business  Office. 


AN  EXCELLENT  WEEDER. 
A   weeder  that  takes  a   very   high 
rank   with   the   farmer   is   the   "Key- 
atone  Adjustable,"   the  advertisement 
of  which  appears  elsewhere  in  our  col- 


umns. The  adjustable  feature,  which 
permits  it  to  be  used  at  any  extension 
between  30  inches  and  7%  feet,  makes 


FOUNDED 
1802. 


QOLD  MEDALS : 

Paris,  1900.     Pan-American,  1901. 


For  over  a  hundred  years  have  been  universally  recognized 
as  the  standard  of  excellence.  They  received  the  GOLD 
MEDALS  (the  highest  award)  both  at  the  Paris  Exposition 
of  igoo  and  at  the  Pan-American,  1901. 

(jUr  — ^^^    '°^'^   successive    annual   edition — con- 

p  — .|„|„  _..-^  tains  a  more  complete  assortment  and  fuller 
^..QIQIUylJC  cultural  directions  than  any  other  seed  annual 
published.  It  is  beautifully  illustrated,  not  with  highly  colored 
exaggerations,  but  with  the  finest  half-tones  from  <ife  photo- 
graphs. It  contains  128  large  size  pages,  and  in  addition  16 
full  page  half-tone  plates,  and  is  in  every  respect  and  with- 
-out  exception  the  most  complete,  Ynost  reliable,  and  most 
beautiful  of  American  Garden  Annuals.  We  will  mail  it  free 
on  receipt  of  10  cents  in  stamps,  which  amount  may  be 
deducted  from  your  first  seed  order.  .... 

MflrkCt  ^■'^   invited  to  send   for  our  special  price-list 

riflPHpn<?r«,  °^  high-class  vegetable  seeds  for  truckers  and 


rge   market  growers.     It   contains  all  sorts 


of  approved  merit. 


J.  li.  THORBURN  &  CO.^ 

36  Cprtlandt  Street,  NEW  YORK. 


m  9yt^wm^^^  i>..M 


THE  HATCHING  INSTSNCT. 

?Si^i^?;f?.^o';,^.-v'iro,r'?Sci;Ur;ilePetaluma  incubator." 

non-shrinking  redwood,  heaters  of  t 
lost  sensitive  and  depe._  Jal  ile.    SuppI 
.-J.  U.J  V.K..X.IU,     ^r,cu  dii  uvcr  (J.  3.  wiui  jrreat  export  deraan-l.     j'ctaliinia  urtfuut- tm 
have  no  superiors.  Fair  prices  and  freieht  paid  all  over  tT.S.    W'rice  for  latest  free  ^at^ln^Ml^ 

PETALUMA  INCUBATOR  CO..  Boi   46,  Pefalimia.  Cil.,  or  Boi   46.  SiadaMJsjDd. 


tchioe  fhat  adapts  |H 

iubator.  I 

rs  of  copper,  self-  H 
SuppliM  moisture  ■ 
Ulim  lirooder.H 

est  free  catalof^ue.  ■ 

iodianapolis.lod.  ■ 


^  INCUBATORS  ON  30  DAYS'  TRIAL      THE  WORLD'S  BEST  STANDARD  HATCHER,  o* 


Thousands  of  these  Incubators  are  in  successful 
.operation  m  the  United  States,  Canada,  South 
Africa ,  New  Zealand ,  Sweeden,  England,  HoUan  d, 
and  Germany.  These  machines  operate  to  perfec- 
tion and  always  bring  off  a  large  brood  of  strong, 
healthy  chicks^    Catalogue  with  full  particulars 


,       ,       ^        .,  „       ucniiiiji  uuicito.     kjaiaiogue  wiin  lull  particulars 

free  for  the  asking.    The  Standard  F.  C.  Incubator  Co.,  Dept.  5,  Rochester,  N.  Y..  C.  S.  A. 


When  corresponding  with  advertisers,  always  mention  that  you 
saw  their  advertisement  in  the  Southern  Planter. 


HIE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


Rend  for  free 
illustrated 

CAtalORUC 

of  farm 
Implenients 


Corn  Planting 

lit  be  well  and  carefully  done,  as  the  fu- 
o  crop  depends  upon  it.  For  all  purposes, 
(nany  soil,  on  all  kinds  of 
ground  nothiug  equals  the 

SPANGLER 

CORN  PLANTER. 


UoMD  Grain  and  K.-rlUlrrr  Drill.    Wnle  fur  c-tlaUc  arul  circ 

SPANGLER  MAKUFICTURIII6  CO.,  SOlO  le^n  St.,  York,  Pa 


20th 

Century 

Stee!  Bali  Coupling  CuHivator 

"  *■         With  Doutle  Row  Cor- 


HENCH 


Planter  and  Fertilizer 
Attacliment  Complete 

on  One  Machine. 

r»ruIU-l  lieam  inm-c- 

menl,  pivoted axle.witli 

latt-rul     beam    lliove- 

nifnt  in  connexion  with 

tlit-m<ivuble«plii<lle>. 

or  eitlior  independent 

of  I'liili  other.    Centre 

lever   for   aprcmllnir 

and  e  1  o  >  I  n  B  shovel 


The  HENCH  &  DROMGOLD  CO.  Mtrs.,York.  Pa. 


Butler  Cart 

Zntirely  Ncif  Vrparlure. 
InJispc-iSablc  to  l-'ar^ 
mer,  Gar<leiifr,  l>airy- 
raan  or  Mt-rchant. 

tfj-Steel  wheels  oiid 
frame;  sideboartl3  re- 
movalilc;  carries  500 
pouuds. 


itriioj. 

First  orders  from 
new  territory'  se- 
cures .agency  ifile- 
sircd. 

'I',  Roderick  Lean  Mfg.  Co. 

"         MANSFIELD,  O. 


it  very  valuable— more  so  than  a 
weeder  without  this  feature,  inasmuch 
as  the  different  adjustments  o£  widths 
permit  it  to  be  used  for  more  varied 
purposes,  such  as  fining  and  leveling 
unplanted  acres  and  dragging  and  loos- 
ening the  surfaces  of  grain  fields, 
meadows,  etc.,  as  well  as  between 
rows,  not  only  as  a  weed  exterminator, 
but  as  a  shallow  cultivator.  The  ab- 
sence of  shafts  make  the  weeder  less 
cumbersome  and  enables  the  operator 
to  work  close  to  the  fence.  It  has  a 
wheel  at  its  front  which  secures 
steady  and  smooth  motion,  which 
wheel,  by  a  very  simple  device,  can 
be  made  stationery  or  •  swivel.  As 
heretofore,  round  or  flat  teeth  are  sup- 
plied on  this  weeder.  For  the  infor- 
mation of  our  readers,  we  would  say 
that  the  manufacturers  of  the  "Key- 
stone Adjustable"  have  been  licensed 
by  the  Hallock  Weeder  Co.  to  use  a 
flat  tooth  covered  by  their  patent,  600,- 
7S2.  If  interested  in  weeders,  write 
the  Keystone  Farm  Machine  Co.,  York, 
Pa.,  for  a  little  booklet  they  are  dis- 
tributing. Kindly  mention  this  paper 
in  writing. 


GET  A  GOOD 
^V^IND   MILL 


pay  a  double  price.  Send  direct  to 
our  factory  for  caia'cgue  of  the 

FreeniaLi\ 
Steel  Wind  Mills 

and  four  post  antle  steel  ti^wtrc.  A 
coniil'-te  line  of  pumpintj  and  power 
mills  of  the  hithest  crade at ixtreme- 
ly  low  prices.  We  can  save  you 
money  on  a  ^oorf  article. 

S.  Freeman  11  Sons  Mffi.  Co., 
110  Hamilton  S( ,  Racine,  Wis. 

1  r.m'  I«e  line  .^f  1><:'1  an.l  EnsiLiee  C.itlere. 
,in  Shcllcre.  W..U1I  Sa»s,  etc.,  at  low  prices. 


MAGAZINES. 
Of  high  importance  among  the  mag- 
azine articles  of  the  month  is  "The 
Restoration  of  the  White  House," 
written  for  the  April  Century  by  Chas. 
Moore,  clerk  of  the  Senate  Committee 
of  the  District  of  Columbia,  whose 
accounts  of  "The  Improvement  of 
Washington  City"  appeared  in  the 
Century  for  February  and  March  last 
year.  Mr.  Moore  tells  in  detail  the 
story  of  the  President's  house,  its 
fir.st  plans,  its  occasional  remodeling, 
and  all  the  design  and  accomplish- 
ment of  the  present  restoration,  an 
event  full  of  interest  to  every  Amer- 
ican. In  illustrating  the  article  the 
Century  has  employed  its  best  illus- 
trative resources.  The  exterior  draw- 
in.2:3  by  Jules  Guerin  and  the  interior 
by  Alfred  Brennan,  bring  out  the  in- 
tention of  the  architects  to  a  remark- 
able degree.  The  frontispiece  of  the 
number  is  a  picture  by  Jules  Guerin 
of  the  new  East  Entrance  on  the  oc- 
casion of  an  evening  reception.  Mr. 
Brennan  has  made,  among  other  pic- 
tures, double  drawings  of  the  new 
State  Dining  Room  and  of  the  new 
Blue  Room.  Miss  Cecilia  Beaux's 
portrait  of  Mrs.  Roosevelt  (with  her 
daughter  Ethel)  Is  published  for  the 
first  time. 

Ray  Stannard  BaKer  follows  up  his 
general  view  of  the  Great  Northwest 
in  the  March  Century  with  detailed 
description  In  the  April  number  of 
"Butte  City,  greatest  of  copper 
camps."  "Few  American  towns,"  he 
says,  "arouse  a  keener  Interest  In  the 
stranger  at  first  glimpse  than  Butte 
City";  and  most  readers  are  likely 
to  be  surprised,  if  not  thrilled,  by  the 
figures  proving  Butte  City's  claim  to 
its  high  rank  among  the  country's 
great  wealth  producers.       In  1790  be- 


Don't  Monkey  with   >'DCCIII    FCC    " 
anythlnK  but  the        rtbllLkWW) 

if  11  is cleau.  unbroken 
peas  voii  waut.  The 
••PEEhLESS"  is  easy  to 
optrate.liglil  to  handle, 
Ktrougand  durable, ele- 
gantly fluished.  It  will 
clean  peas  to  perfec- 
lion,  also  rulllel,  sor- 
ghum seed  and  velvet 
beanR.  J.  K.  Sanderg'8 
latest  improved,  fully 
guaranteed.  We  pay 
freights.  Write  to-day 
for  prices,  address, 
PEERLESS   PE»  HULLER  CO.,  Box  V.  DaUon,  Ga 


THE  IMPROVED 


Clears  an  acre  •f  heavy  timber  land  each  day. 
Clears  all  stumps  In  a  circle  of  150  11.  without 
moving  or  changing    machine.     Strongeet, 
most  rapid  working  and  best  made, 
Hercules  MIg.  Co,  4 1 3  1 7th  St.,  Centrsvllle.  Iowa 


Power   in  the  Stream 


RIFE 


\  RIFE  ENGINE  CO..  126  Liberty  St.^NewYork^X 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


269 


Contains 


SMiUBBilRGIiSNS 


Our  wonderful  offers  will 
surprise  you.  ^^'el•se  Che  best 
material  and  guarantee  every 
gfor2  years.  If  tile  buggyyou 
uy  from  us  is  not  better  in 
very  \vzy  than  you  can  get 
elsewhere   then    return    it   and 


U^  other  equally  big  I 

Cut  out  this  3d.  send  ittu  us  and  we  will  mail  you  catalog  free. 

MARVIN  StiJSITH  CO.,  Chicago,  Illinois. 


Hie  •'Weber  Jonlor"  f]  SefJpX'.Vs'/"-'*' 


Pumper 


■P80VED 

THOUSANDS  IN  USE. 

Aak  yonr  hardware  denier  for  thein  or  write 
&  B.  BBOWN  MFO.  CO.,    -    -    DEOATVB,  lUL 


gan  the  taking  of  the  country's  first 
census.  Taking  the  census  of  these 
United  States  even  then  was  not  an 
easy  task.  To-day,  in  spite  of  all  the 
help  of  modern  mechanical  invention, 
to  secure  the  necessary  decennial  snap 
shot  of  the  nation  is  a  herculean  un- 
dertaking. "The  Evolution  of  Amer- 
ican Census-Taking"  is  discussed  in 
the  April  Century  by  no  less  an  au- 
thority than  the  director  of  the  census 
himself,  the  Honorable  W.  R.  Merriam. 
There  is  another  of  "The  Great  Busi- 
ness Combinations  of  To-Day"  series, 
J.  D.  Kelley,  Commander  United 
States  Navy,  telling  the  story  of  "The 
So-Ca.ied  Steamship  Trust."  "A  Pic- 
turesque Politician  of  Jefferson's 
Time,"  by  J.  Fairfax  McLaughlin,  re- 
counts incidents  in  the  life  of  Colo- 
nel Matthew  Lyon.  Francis  E. 
Leupp's  "Some  More  Humors  of  Con- 
gress" throws  amusing  sidelights  on 
that  august  body,  and  should  prove  a 
mine  for  all  who  want  another  good 
story  to  tell.  Topics  of  the  Times 
discuss  "The  Restored  White  House," 
"Shocks  to  National  Fride,"  and  "The 
Genial  in  Literature;"  and  the  other 
departments  are  not  lacking. 


The  leading  article*  in  the  April- 
June  Forum  is  a  review  of  "American 
Politics"  by  Henry  Litchfield  West, 
who  deals  particularly  with  the  legis- 
lation of  the  last  Congress,  the  fight 
on  the  Statehood  Bill,  the  suggested 
nominations  for  the  next  Presidency, 
and  the  appointment  of  colored  men  to 
Federal  offices.  A.  Maurice  Low  dis- 
cusses the  most  important  "Foreign 
Affairs"  of  the  quarter,  with  special 
reference  to  the  revival  of  the  Eastern 
Question  and  to  the  internal  and  ex- 
ternal politics  of  Germany.  Alexan- 
der D.  Noyes  treats  of  the  events  and 
tendencies  of  the  same  period  in  the 
world  of  "Finance."  Recent  progress 
in  "Applied  Science,"  especially  in  en- 
gineering, is  described  by  Henry  Har- 
rison Suplee.  Literature  is  repre- 
sented by  a  review  of  Sidney  Lee's 
"Life  of  Queen  Victoria,"  contributed 
by  Prof.  W.  P.  Trent.  Under  the 
heading  of  "Music,"  Joseph  Sohn  sets 
forth  the  "Lessons  of  the  Operatic 
Season."  A  paper  on  "The  Educa- 
tional Outlook"  is  contributed  by  Os- 
sian  H.  Lang.  Dr.  J.  M.  Rice's  "Edu- 
cational Research"  for  the  current 
quarter  takes  the  form  of  a  discussion, 
based  on  his  investigations  in  public 
schools,  of  the  respective  importance 
of  talent  and  training  in  teaching.  The 
special  articles  concluding  the  present 
number  are  "The  Present  Estimate  of 
the  Value  of  Human  Life,"  by  Prof. 
Rudolf  Eucken,  of  Jena,  "The  Scope 
of  a  Permanent  Tariff  Commission," 
by  Albert  H.  Washburn,  and  "A  Ramls- 
ling  Discourse  on  Submarine  Naviga- 
tion," by  Comdr.  F.  M.  Barber,  U.  S. 
N.,   retired. 


It  will  be  difficult  to  find  a  more 
attractive  magazine  for  the  entire 
household    than    the   April    "Success." 


,j^>Wise  Man's 
^Wi      Wagon. 


who  has  had  experience 
gon  knows  that  it 


■vhcels  that  d 


have  given  f 


11.^  ui  iiic  >\iai;uu  useii. 

ELECTRIC 


life  of  the  wagon  itself.    Ou 

STEEL 
_   WHEELS 

lease  of  life  to  thousnnds  of  oltl 
.1  u^u.,:>.  1  uey  euii  be  Jind  in  any  desired  heitrht.and 
aiiy  width  ottiieuptoSinHies.  With  a  set  of  these 
wheels  you  eaniaa  lew  minute's  have  either  a  high 
or  a  low  doiyn  wasrnn.  'i  |,o  Eleelrlc  Unndy 
Watron  Is  made  by  skilled  workmen,  of  best  select- 
lerinl—wliitc  liieltory  axles,  steel  wheels,  steel 


hounds. 


Here  1 


nteed  to  carry  4000  lbs 
11  save  money  for  yon,  as  it 
Ourcf'talop  describiiinthe  uses 
oltliese  Nvlie<lsaiid  wnitonssintrreo     Writeforlt. 

ELECTRIC  Vt  HEEL  CO.,  BOX  U6  QUINCY,  ILLINOIS. 


WE'LL  PAY  THE  FREIGHT 

d  send  4  Uu^r  Wh«ela,  Steel  Tire  on,  .  1^7.35 
]  Witti  Rubber  Tires,  $lo.UO.  I  mTg.  wheels  U  lo  4  io. 
f  tread.  Top  Buggiee.  |2B.75:  Harnesa,  |3.60.  Write  fol 
catalogue.  Learn  how  to  buy  vehiclea  aud  parts  direct 
WagOD  Umbrella  FREE.  W.  V.  BOOB,  I'loclanatI,  0. 

BOSTROM'S  IMPROVED  f  ABM  LtVtL 

PatM  1902.  „„„  ^^^    WITHOUT  TEL€SOOPE 

Is  no  MAKESHIFT,  but  the 
best  one  made  for  Tcmcing, 
Ditching  and  Drainage.  Price 
$S  and  Jig,  including  Tripod 
and  Rod.  Send  for  descriptive 
circulars  and  Treatise  on  Ter- 
racing, etc..  Free. 
Bostrom,  Brady  Hfg.  Co., 
SIJ2  W.  Alabama  at.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 


STEEL  ROOFING 


ordinury  hammer  or  hatchet  the  only 
tools. vou  need.  We  furnish  nails  free 
afid  paint  rooting  two  sides.  Comes 
either  flat,  corrugated  or  "V"  crimped. 

$2.00  PER  SQUARE, 

A  square  means  100  square  ff^et.      Write 
DSts.,  thicRBO 


Announcement 


i  n^  our  patent.  The  rule  of  law  Is : 
seller  or  user  of  an  infringing  devire  are  all  liable 
in  damages  to  the  owner  of  the  patent  infringed." 
Tlie  Janesville  Machine  Co.  and  the  Keystone 
Farm  Machine  Co.  are  the  only  hrmsliceneed  to 
use  &flat  tooth  covered  hy  our  patent,  and  we 
finall  y  warn  sellers  anduseraof  all  other  makes.  80 
admirably  have  the 60 ,000  "I  lallock"Wee(lers  done 
the  work  for  which  they  were  designed,  that  one 
malier  after  another  sought  to  copy  it.  Hoivever, 
by  Mie  various  Courts'  decisions,  these  makers  are 
compelled  to  abandon  the  inanufacture  of  a 
Weeder  having  fiat  teeth,  and  they  are  now  ex- 
perimenting   ' — *■' —  "'' 


touih.    \\rite  for  descriptive  circulars  and  prices. 

HALLOCK  WEEDER  &  CULTIVATOR  C0.» 

Box  839  York,  Pa. 


270 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


DUST  SPRAY. 


Write  to  the 

DUST  SPBIYER  f  F'e.  00. 

At 
503  Broadway,  Kansas  City,  Mo  , 

Asking  tlieiii  for  information  relative  to 
their  Dust  Sprayer,  wliicb  has  many  ad- 
vantages, and  Is  something  every  Fruit 
Grower.  Cotton  Planter,  Tobacco  Grower 
and  Truck  Gardener  should  be  familiar 
with. 


A     BIG     CROP    OF     FRUIT 

und  ilfrlliini  In  four  |iooL 

Irccsand  vines  will 

HaRDIE  SPRAY  PUMPS 

I  hey  mil  tlic  Spray  .m  witli  such 

a  spray  as  fui.:  .is  f.-n  mid  tl 

Hnc  is  fitteit  so'  .i(tur.itcl> 
Kit  tlicrc  is  nil  frittfi.ii.  Thiif. 
iij  ltiP7  work  »u  riuijp.     Uiir  i.-it- 


•.  M.  HOLLOW«r   Eastern  tgent 
Bullden  Eicliange.  Philadelphia 


which  has  just  appeared.  It  is  filled 
with  a  variety  of  good  things  for  peo- 
ple, young  and  old.  The  opening  ar- 
ticle, "Burrowing  in  the  Nether 
Gloom  of  the  Hudson's  Bed,"  hy  Frank 
Fayant,  interestingly  describes  the  dif- 
ficult work  now  being  done  in  tun- 
neling under  the  Hudson  river.  New 
York,  in  order  to  connect  New  York 
city  with  New  Jersey  by  a  direct  rail 
route.  Owen  Kildare,  whose  life- 
story,  "My  Rise  from  the  Slums  to 
Manhood,"  appeared  in  the  February 
"Success,"  creating  almost  infinite  at- 
tention, has  written  a  true  story  of  his 
dog.  It  is  entitled  "My  Good  Old 
Pal,"  and  is  thrillingly  interesting.  In 
keeping  with  Eastertide,  is  a  touching 
poem,  "An  Easter  Song,"  by  Richard 
Le  Gallienne.  The  same  writer  has 
also  contributed  a  valuable  article  on 
"How  to  Form  a  Library,"  which 
gives  some  excellent  advice  on  collect- 
ing books  for  a  library  at  a  moderate 
expenditure.  Mrs.  Charlotte  Perkins 
Gilman,  in  an  article  entitled  "The 
Home  as  a  Food-Purveyor,"  deals  with 
the  problem  of  home-cooking,  and  at- 
j  tributes  many  ill  effects  to  the  general 
mode  of  preparing  food. 


G.  W.  Orton,  who  won  the  American 
cross-country  championship  in  1897, 
and  who  is  the  two-mile  world's 
steeplechase  champion,  in  the  April 
St.  Nicholas  tells  his  young  readers 
about  "Training  for  Interscholastic 
Athletics,"  with  some  helpful  points 
for  instructors  and  parents  as  well. 

The  same  authority  will  follow  this 
article  with  another  in  the  May  St. 
I  Nicholas  on  pole-vaulting,  throwing 
[  tlie  hammer,  broad-jumping,  high- 
jumping,  and  other  timely  athletic 
sports. 


Lippincott's  Magazine  has  won  a 
reputation  for  its  monthly  novels. 
That  in  the  April  number,  a  stunning 
pood  one  called  "The  Trifler,"  is  writ- 
ten by  Archibald  Eyre,  an  English  au- 
tlior  of  rising  fame.  "The  Trifler," 
a  member  of  London's  smartest  so- 
ciety, has  a  kind  heart  and  an  almost 
too  keen  sense  of  humor.  He  is  ap- 
poa'ed  to  by  his  new  sister-in-law  to 
pxtricate  her  from  an  appallingr  situa- 
tion. A  man  to  v/hom  she  had  once 
bcpii  pnsaged  and  had  jilted  for  Sir 
Grralyd  Trewint  has  had  her  love-let- 
ters printed  "for  private  circulation 
only."  "The  Trifler,"  having  himself 
fplt  the  brunt  of  his  brother's  anger, 
shov.'s  quick  sympathy  for  the  bride 
and  rashly  promises  assistance.  In 
pxpcuting  a  plan  to  effectually  stop 
the  whole  thing,  he  is  taken  for  a 
tliipf.  This  leads  to  some  delicate 
prodicaraents  and  amusing  escapades. 
"The  Trifler"  shows  he  can  be  earnest 
enough  in  winning  the  girl  he  ardent- 
ly loves. 

The  number  closes  with  a  laughable 
?tory  by  Elliott  Flower.  An  amateur 
I  hypnotist  puts  up  a  joke  on  his  sis- 
I  ter's    lover,    which    might    have    been 


FertlliKer  Chemicals  for  Home  Mixing 

Nitrate  of  Soda 

Nitrate,  Sulphate  and  Miriate  of  Potash. 
Acid  Phosphate,  etc.    Write  us  lor  prices 
GENUINE 

PERUVIAN  GUANO 

Analyzing  ■)  to 5  p.c.  Ammonia.  18  to 20  p.o. 

l^hosphorlc  Acid   4  p.c.  Potash. 

Price,  K2S..50  per  ton,  F.  O.  B.,  Charleston 

or  Baltimore. 

E.  MORTIMER  &  CO.   9  William  S*.,  New  York 


9KU    inCC  OPII  r  "^'^'^  other   msects   eaa 
Mn  iiUOt  tiUfiLL  be  controUed  by  uatufc 

fjtood's  Caustic  Potash  WIial» 
Oil  Soap,  ]Vo.  3. 

It  also  prevents  Curl  Leaf.  Endorsed  by  «ii- 
tomologists.  This  soap  is  a  fertilizer  ai  w«l! 
!is  insecticide.  50  lb.  iiegs,  82.50;  100  lb.  keg*. 
H.50.  Half  barrels,  270  lbs.,  at  3V^c.  p«r  lb. , 
barrels,  425  lbs.,  at  S^ic.  Large  quautltlu, 
ipeoial   rates.     Bend   for  circular, 

JAMES  GOOD, 

989-41  N.  Front  St.,  fhiladelphi*.  fo. 


AGRICULTURAL 
and  BUILDERS' 


LIME 


Send  for  Circulars  and  Price-List. 

FELLSWORTH  LIME  WORKS 

REEVES  CATT,  Agent, 

Bodley,  Augusta  County,  Va. 


ilxle  Grease 


>  Its  wearing  qualities  are  unsurpassed,  «m!-  , 

>  tually  outlasting  3  bxs.  any  other  brand, , 
'  Not  affected  by  beat.    Ci-6et  the  Genuine. 
1^  FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  DSALEBS. 


1903.J 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


271 


1311 


Order  Now.  It. 
Is  dangerous  to 
wait  uutll  the 
flowers  have 
pistils  and  the 
bulrushesout 
and  the  grass 
springs  up. 


YOU  OUGHT  TO  KNOW  BETTER 

About  the  B  B. Stays.  They  make  a  cheap 
strong  fence  with  barb  or  coll  wire.  Easily 
handled  as  nails,  self  locking,  can't  slip, 
and  no  machine  necessary.  'J'faej'  are  made 
of  heavy,  hard  wire,  and  won't  wlit  down. 
Try  a  basketful  to  stiflTen  the  old  fencing 
(barb  or  woven  wire),  and  you  will  use 
nothing  else  to  build  new  fence.  We  sell 
coll  wire  too.       jhe  8.  B.  FENCE  CO., 

14th  and  Clark  Sis  ,  Ranlne.  Wis. 


Heavy  lateral  wires,  heavy  hard  steel  stays 
coiled  spring  wire.  Sure  Grip  lock.  In  strengthj 
Appearance,  and  durability,  the  Hard  Steei 
cannot  be  excelled.  Write  for  catalogue  and 
prloes.       THE  HARD  STEEL  WIRE  FENCE  CO  . 

Cuyalioga  Falls,  Ohio 

Barbed  &  Smodf  h  Wire 


Wire.  i'iiintedandi,'^alvan 

Smooth  Galvanized  Wire  Shorts 

Gautres.  10.  11,  13,  13  and  14:  Pries  from  $1.50 
to  $I.7S  per  hundred.  Write  for  Catalogue  No.  166 

CHICAGO  HOUSE  WRECKING  CO. 

West  SBth  and  Iron  .St.s.,  CHICAGO. 


kiiw  Spiral  Spring  Wire 
FEh'CES  AND  GATES 

If  your  Jealer  dues  not  have  our 
goods  in  stock  vou  c.nn  buydirect 
,it  Manubcture'rs'  Price.  Write 
for  Catalogue  and  secure  agency. 

INTERNATIONAL  FENCE  AND  F.  CO. 
Columbus,  Ohio. 


PRICE  CATCHES  TRADE, 

'  duality  h.ud  <  It  : 


old"  |i;ivi»!o;it:ii  ~i(i%^i 


ffi 


FENCE!; 


STROMGESI 
MADE.      BaU 

aVroag.  CtUckeo 
tight.  Sold  to  the  Farmer  at  Whoi««^< 
PriM^     Pally  Wamnt«d.     Cat&log  Fne 

COIUD  SPHItIS  FENCE  CO- 
B«x  •■  WUehMUr,  ladlau,  t.a,  K 


.LAWN  FENCE 

Many  designs.  Cheap  m 
wood,  32  iiage  Catalo^oi 
free.  SpeclalPrireBtoCpme. 
t«rleiiandCbarcheB.  AddresC 
COILED  SPRING  FENCE  CO. 
Box    (4>       Whiehest«r,  Ud. 


serious  but  for  the  sister.      It  is  called 
"A  Fiance  in  Triplicate." 

Much  information  timed  exactly  to 
the  planting  season  is  to  be  found  In 
a  paper  by  Bben  E.  Rexford  on  "Next 
Summer's  Garden."  Mr.  Rexford 
speaks  with  authority  and  his  sug- 
gestions are  thus  most  valuable. 


REPORTS. 

U.     S.     Department    of    Agriculture, 
Washington,    D.    C.       Bureau    of 
Animal    Industry.       Circular     39. 
The  Water  Content  of  Creamery 
Butter. 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations.     Ex- 
periment   Station    Record.       Vol. 
XIV.,  No.  VII. 
Public     Road     Inquiries.       Bulletin 
23.     Road     Conventions     in     the 
Southern  States. 
Bulletin     24.       Proceedings     of  the 
North   Carolina  Good  Roads  Con- 
vention. 
Bulletin   25.       Proceedings     of     the 
Jefferson     Memorial     and     Inter- 
state Good  Roads  Convention. 

Kansas  Experiment  Station,  Manhat- 
tan, Kan.  Bulletin  116.  De- 
stroying Prairie  Dogs  and  Pocket 
Gophers. 

Kentucky    Experiment     Station,     Lex- 
ington, Ky.       Bulletin  103.      Hes- 
sian Fly  Experiments. 
Bulletin   104.       Commercial   Fertili- 
zers. 

Louisiana  Experiment  Station,  Baton 
Rouge,  La.  Bulletin  73.  Analyses 
of  Commercial  Fertilizers  and  Pa- 
ris  Green. 

Maryland  Experiment  Station,  College 
Park,  Md.  College  Quarterly. 
Fertilizer  Experiments 

Missouri  Experiment  Station,  Colum- 
bia, Mo.  Bulletin  58.  Feeding 
the  Dairy  Cow. 

Nebraska     Experiment     Station,    Lin- 
coln, Neb.      Bulletin  78.  Macaroni 
wheats. 
Press  bulletin  18.       Pig  feeding  ex- 
periments. 

New  Mexico  Experiment  Station, 
Mesilla  Park.  New  Mexico.  Bulle- 
tin 75.     Pumping  for  Irrigation. 

New  York  Experiment  Station,  Gen- 
eva, N.  Y.  Bulletin  228.  Popular 
Edition.  Spraying  for  San 
Jose  Scale  with  Lime,  Sulphur, 
Salt  and  other  washes. 

Ohio  Experiment  Station,  Wooster,  0. 
Press  bulletin  248.       Fruit  list. 

South  Dakota  Experiment  Station, 
Brookings,  South  Dakota.  Bul- 
letin 75.  Treatment  of  Smuts  and 
Rusts. 
Bulletin  77.  Macaroni  Wheat  In 
South  Dakota. 

Virginia  Weather   Service,   Richmond, 
Va.       Annual   summary,   1902. 
Report  for  February,  1903. 

West  Indian  bulletin  Agricultural  De- 
partment, Bridgetown,  Barbadoes. 
Vol.  Ill,  No.  4.  Scale  Insects. 
Sorghum  Poisoning,  etc. 


Mention    tlr^    Snuihem    Planter   when 
writine  idvertisera. 


of  Cotton  on  the  same  land 
with  the  same  labor  which  now 
makes    one. 

Nitrate  of  Soda 

fed  to  growing  crops  at  the 
right  time  repays  its  cost  many 
times  over. 

Our  Bullelin,  written  by  men  who  know  be- 
cause they  have  tested  it,  tells  what  planters 
may  do.  It  is  sent/rf?  to  all  interested.  Send 
name  on  Post  Card. 

WILLIA.M   5.    MYERS,  Director, 
12  John  Street,  New  York. 


FOR  SALE. 

I  FIVE-HORSE  FRIGK  MOUHTED  ENGINE, 
I  24-ln.  EMPIRE  THRESHER. 

LOUIS  F.  BREWER, 

1422  Main  St.,  Richmond.  Va. 


WHO  WANTS  A  BARGAIN? 
I  No  2,  KEMP'S 

MANURE  SPREADER 

Practical. y  new.  U^ert  oue  season 
only.  In  perfect  working  shape,  for 
580.    Write  to-day,  you  might  miss  it. 

W.  M.  WATKINS&  SON,    -    Randolph,  Va. 


$.B.ADi(INS&GO. 

jg,    4  and  6  Governor  Street, 
^    RICHMOND,  VA. 

EXPERT  BOOKBINDERS 
and  Commercial  Printers. 


law  and  Collection  Issociation, 

Established  1884.  Claims  collected 
in  all  parts  of  the  United  States. 
No  cwllection — no  charge. 

P.  0.  Box  503.        905>^  East  Main  Street, 
RICHMOND,  VIRGINIA. 


with  rigs  to  introdnc* 
Poultry  Compound. 

INTERNATIONAL  M'PG.  CO.,  Parsons,  Kan. 


272 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


d«*^^> 


Are  Reliable  Seeds 


Btrcilnns    te-t  fnUed  tn  th.  ir  prop' r  dcTeloj^ 

ment.    lu  tlie    N-rtli.  South.    K:>st   and 

West.     TliSsiH  oursptti-il  business, 

A  Large  Crop 

1«    depenJ*T*t    upon    thy    rhara-ter  of  the  seet 
you  (-OW.     Xs  fCiiri  Dlease  Toa.    Evervtblne  for  th< 
Garden  i 
Kull  and 

poultry  Suppile-.  _,. 

free.  Han.'Romer  than  ever;  Containsmurti  inform- 
ation.   All  Farmers  an.l  Gardeners  fhniil.i  have  it. 
GRIFFITH  A  TURNER  COMPANV, 


RELIABLE 

SEEDS 

Selected  Seed  Corns,  Sweet 
and  Irish  Potatoes,  and  all 
vatitTie.s  of  Field  and  Gar- 
den Sieds. 

DiGGSJ  BEADLES,  Seedsmen, 

1711  E.  Franklin  St., 
RICHMOND,     •      VIRGINIA. 

Catalogue  maileii  FREE. 


ELMWOOD    NURSERIES. 

ASPARAGUS 

100,000  2-yr.-old  Asparagus  roots, 
5  varieties  A  special  rate  of  $3  50 
per  1000  for  2  mos  for  BARB'S, 
PALMETTO,  CONOVEB. 

APPLES 

A  large  general  assortment,  in 
eluding  WINESAP8  and  YOBK 
IMPEBIALS. 

Splendid  Assortment  o1 

Ornamental,  Shade 

and  Fruit  Trees. 

rppp  from  B.  P.  Recks,  Light 
llllll  •5'*l'™aSi  Brown  Leg- 
LUUU  horns    at    $100    per  13. 

WRITE  FOR  OUB  CATALOGUE 

J.B.WATKIHS&BRO.,Hallsboro,Ya 

Improved  Golden  Deut.     Ears  measur- 
ing from  10  to  U  inches  In  leugtli. 
Price,  $1.00  per  bushel, 
J.  F.  DURRE1TE.BIrdwaod.AleinBrltCo.,Va. 


BOOKS. 
A  Manual  of  Goat  Raising,  with  a 
Chapter  on  Milch  Goats,  by  Geo.  F. 
Thompson.  Bureau"  of  Animal  In- 
dustry. Published  by  the  Ameri- 
can Sheep  Breeder,  Chicago,  111. 
Price,   fl.OO. 

This  is  a  book  of  236  pages,  con- 
taining the  fullest  information  on  An- 
gora and  other  breeds  of  Goats,  and 
will  be  found  of  great  service  to  those 
keeping  or  contemplating  keeping 
Goats.  We  can  supply  the  book  at 
the  publisher's  price. 


Bacteblv  in  Milk  and  its  Pboducts.  | 
Designed  for  the  use  of  students  in 
dairying,  and  for  all  others  con- 
cerned in  the  handling  of  Milk,  But- 
ter or  Cheese,  iiy  Dr.  H.  W.  Conn. 
Illustrated.  Published  by  P.  Blakis- 
ton's  Son  &  Co.,  Philadelphia.  Price. 
$1.25.  [ 

This  is  a  book  of  300  pages,  giving 
full  information  on  the  subject  upon 
which  it  treats,  and  will  be  found  of 
great  service  to  those  handling  milk, 
butter  or  cheese,  enabling  them  to 
sruard  against  and  control  the  in- 
fluence of  bacteria,  influencing  the  | 
flavor  of  milk,  butter  or  cheese.  1 


The  Book  of  Corn. 

A  complete  treatise  on  the  culture, 
marketing  and  uses  of  maize  in  Amer- 
ica and  elsewhere,  for  farmers,  deal- 
ers, manufacturers  and  others.  A 
comprehensive  manual  on  the  produc- 
tion, sale,  use  and  commerce  of  the 
■world's  greatest  cereal,  prepared  under 
the  direction  of  Herbert  Myrick  by 
the  most  capable  specialists  in  Amer- 
ica and  Europe.  King  Corn  is  to 
have  still  larger  prosperity  in  the  fu- 
ture. This  is  true  not  only  of  the 
grain,  but  of  the  whole  plant.  Maize 
is  the  most  important  cereal  grown, 
yet  in  spite  of  the  overshadowing  im- 
portance of  this  crop,  practically  no 
book  worthy  of  the  subject  axists".  Re- 
cent improvements  in  all  methods  per- 
taining to  raising,  harvesting  and 
utilizing  corn  certainly  warrant  a 
book  that  shall  be  the  standard  au- 
thority on  this  subject  at  home  and 
abroad  for  years  to  come. 

The  Book  of  Corn  supplies  this  want. 
The  writers  are  practical,  scientific 
and  commercial  experts — each  the 
master  of  his  subject,  from  every 
standpoint,  making  this  -work  of  in- 
dispensable utility  to  every  one  inter- 
ested in  this  crop.  While  authori- 
tative both  as  a  practical  manual  and 
scientific  treatise,  "The  Book  of  Corn" 
is  strong  and  accurate  on  the  commer- 
cial or  business  aspects  of  this  great 
industry.  A  system  of  blanks  by 
which  growers  can  keep  an  accurate 
account  of  every  Item  of  expense  in 
raising,  harvesting  and  selling  corn  is 
an  additional  feature  that  makes  this 
book  constantly  used  and  referred  to 
by  corn  growers  everywhere. 

Richly  Illustrated,  5x7  inches,  about 


^. 


^        Greatest,  Cheapest  Food 
\]  on  Earth  for  Sheep,  Swinei 


Ji  100  tona 


JOHN  A.5.ALZER  SEED  CO.."^eSi^^ 


ALBEMARLE  PROLIFIC 

SEED  CORN 

For  4  years  past,  the  entire  crop  at  Ari-ow" 
head  farm  ha^  been  Sfild  for  seed,  and  those 
who  pui  ofl  ordering  nniil  the  la.st.  could  not 
be  supplied.  We  a  fine  crop  for  sale.  Price, 
5175  In  (.mall  lots;  half  bus..  $1.00;  peck,  65c. 
No  smaller  orders  shipped.  If  the  laud  is  good 
and  properly  p.  pared  before  planting,  and 
properly  worked  after  plant  Ine.  over  100  bus. 
per  acre  should  be  the  yield.  More  forage  will 
be  grown  than  from  any  other  variety. 


VIrgi 


FORS_ALE. 

luOO  bD.  Clay  Peas,  at      -      $1.00  per  bn. 
500  "  Black    "    "       -        1.U5       " 
500  '"  Wbippoonrill  Peas,    1.25      " 
500  "  Soja  Beans,  at    -       1.50      '" 
200  "  BQckwheat.  at    -       1.00      " 

All  Seeds  recleaned  and  In  heavy  bags 
delivered  Free  our  depot. 

20  large  E\«L1SH  BKKKSHIRE  PIGS, 
17.50  eaeb. 
1  2-yr.-old  Black  .lack)  Sired  by  Imported 
1  IS  mos.  old  "      "    I      Spanish  Jack. 

Price  on  Application. 

HICKORY  MILLINti  CO.,   -   Hickory,  \.  C. 

LATE  SEED  IRISH  POTATOES 

—  FOR  SALE. — 

1902  was  another  good  year  for  the 
CLAREMONT  PEACHBLOW  POTATOES. 
A  late  variety,  has  been  ^rown  here  for  10 
yrs.  or  more,  ai  d  never  failed  to  make  a  crop 
when  planted  July  first,  yields  from  15J  to  250 
bus.  to  the  acre.  See  de-crlption  in  last  May 
issue  of  this  paper.  Price,  $3.50  per  bbl.,  f.  o.  b. 
here,  as  long  as  stock  last. 

J.  M.  HUGHES.  Clafemont   Surry  Coun'y,  Va. 

se:e:d  cofur. 

300  bushels  of  Albemarle  Prolific  Corn, 

fl.OO  per  bus.  at  d'pot, 

L.  B.  JOHNSON.  •  Red  Hill   A'bemarle  Ca.,  Va. 

MARK     YOUR    STOCK. 

V»e  the 

KENTUCKY    ALUMINUM    EAR    LABEL. 

Made  by  F.  H.  Jackson  <S  Co.,  Winchester, 
Ky.    Write  to  them  for  free  samples. 

Mention  the  Southern  PlanUr  wh«i  co» 
'eaponding  with  advertisers. 


1903.  J 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


273 


500 
Chickens 

can  be  raised 

iu  a  season  by  using 

A  HAWKEYE  Incubator  &  Brooder 

with  less  oxpenso  aui]  trouble  Ihan   the  old 
way   with  bens.     More  and  stronger  chicks. 

They  Set  While  The  Hens    Lay. 
Enough  eggs  to  nay  for  the  au  outfit  in  a 
short  time.    They  are  self-regulating,  self- 
ventilatinsr.  non-moisture  and  so  simple  that 

No   Kxperieuce  is  Necessary 
to  run  them.     A  good  hatch  is  guaranteed 
first  trial.    Every  iruchine  guaranteed  to 
be    perfect    in    manufacture  and  to    give 
entire  satisfaction  or  no  sale. 

e-i-l  «»   on    l\«,..«  T-:«l       The  lUWKEVF.  Brooder 

Sold  on  30  Days  Trial.  HvHrs     E«ry     niict. 

Won  first  honors  at  three  state  fairs  last  fall;  were 
defeated.     190B   i'atnloff.  8»  pQ|C( 
IT'S  TREK 


e  who'.o  s 
nd  II )c  fo 


nd  for  i 


Also 


try  papfr  for  one  jeRp. 

HAWKEYE 
INCUBATOR  CO., 
Box  49        Newton,  la. 


RELIABLE  GUARANTEED. 


The  PRAIRIE  STATES 

KEEP  AT  THE  HEAD> 
More  made-iDore  sold- 
more  prizes  won  than 
ALL  OTHERS  combined. 
Send  for  catalogue-just  out-fin- 
est ever  issued. Mention  this   paper; 
PRAIRIE  SIATE  INCUBATOR  Co. 
HOMER  CITY  ,  Pa.f  U.S.A. 


VICTOR^ 
INCUBATORS 

1    Hatch  everv  fertile  egg.     Siiuplest. 
mtiit  ■iiii-:ilili',   cheapest  fir: 


Geo.  Ertel  Co..  Qtiincy*  111. 


[ 


PECSC'S  EGG-FO  Hi  . 

rCbll  FOR  60  DAYS  Qli  PREPAID. 

It  l8  tbe  cheapest  food  on  earth.  It 
pays  otiiers,  ana  will  pay  .vou.  It  makes 
the  poultry  busiDess  interesting.  He- 
cause  It  produces  lesults— We  SCO 
GE9T  a  trial  order.  Our  Booklet  and 
Egg-Record— F.  ek. 

THE  FRED  S.  PECK  CO.. 
2)1  W.  Mitchell  SI  .     -    Petoskey.  Mich. 


WROUGHT  IRON  PIPE 

d condition,  used  short  time  only;  newthreads 

£lint^;  for  Steam,  lias  or  Water;  sizes  from  J^ 
diameter.    Our  price  per  foot  on  3^  inch  is 
1 1  inch  3:-ic.    Write  for  free  catalogue  Nol  Igg 

CHICAGO  HOUSE  WRECKING  GO., 


Cloth.      Price,    postpaid. 


500  pages. 
?1.50. 

Orange  Judd  Company,  52  Lafayette 
Place,  New  York,  N.  Y.  Marquette 
Building,  Chicago,  111. 

We  can  supply  this  hook  at  the  pub- 
lisher's price. 


The  Weather  and  Practicai,  Methods 
OF  Forecasting  It.  By  "Farmer" 
Dunn,  famous  as  New  York's  Weath- 
er Forecaster.  Price,  $1.60.  Pub- 
lishers, Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.,  Fifth 
avenue,  New  York  city. 
Why  not  he  weatherwise?      We  can 

send  you  the  hook  at  the  price  named. 


CATALOGUES. 
American  Farmers'  Manual,  1903. 
Peter  Henderson  &  Co,  Cortland  street. 
New  York.  Catalogue  of  Seeds, 
Grasses,  Clovers,  Cereals,  Forage  and 
Root  Crops. 


J.  B.  W'atkins  &  Bro.,  Hallshoro,  Va. 
Nurserymen.  Surplus  list  of  Trees, 
etc.,  for  spring  1903. 


Pinehurst  Nurseries,  Pinehurst,  N.  C. 

Hammond's  Slug  Shot  Insecticide. 
B.  Hammond,  Fishkill  on  Hudson,  N. 
Y. 


The  McCormick  Division  of  the  In- 
ternational Harvester  Company  of 
America,  Chicago,  111.,  send  us  a 
copy  of  a  booklet  they  have  just  got 
out,  giving  full  particulars  of  their 
celebrated  Wheat  Headers  and  Header 
Binders,  two  new  and  distinct  ma- 
chines, which  are  highly  recommended 
for.  harvesting  great  crops  of  wheat, 
where  the  straw  is  not  a  matter  of  con- 
sideration. The  booklet  is  beauti- 
fully gotten  up  and  fully  illustrated. 


AGRICULTURE     AT     THE 
WORLD'S    FAIR    AT 
ST.  LOUIS. 

Mr.  Frederic  W.  Taylor,  the  Chief 
of  the  Departments  of  Agriculture  and 
of  Horticulture,  has  under  way  plans 
for  emphasizing  certain  of  the  lead- 
ing money-making  crops  of  the  United 
States,  such  as  Corn,  Cotton,  Tobacco, 
Wheat,  Oats,  Rice,  Sugar  (beet,  cane 
and  maple),  etc.  These  are  de- 
signed to  be  concentrated  or  universal 
exhibits,  taking  each  subject  from  the 
seed  to  the  finished  product,  illustrat- 
ing all  the  relations  pertaining  there- 
to, and  also  all  the  phases  presented 
by  varying  latitude,  soil,  climate,  as 
well  as  the  methods  of  cultivation  and 
of  handling  the  crop  in  the  several 
States  in  the  Union  and  in  the  Amer- 
ican dependencies. 

These  special  features  should  appeal 
strongly  to  our  Virginia  Commission. 
Virginia  is  the  third  State  in  the 
Union  in  the  production  of  tobacco, 
and  with  its  more  than  122,000.000 
pounds  for  the  crop  of  1901 — the  last 
available  statistics — it  should  domi- 
nate that  special  tobacco  feature.  This 
great  graphic  picture   Is  intended  to 


Horse  Owners!   Use 

GOMBATJLT'S 

Caustic 


Balsam 


i  Safe  Speed;  and  Positive  Cort 
The  Safeat,  Beat  BLISTER  ever  used.  Take* 
the  place  of  all  llnimenta  inr  mild  or  severe  action. 
Removes  Buncbes  or  Eleraisbes  from  Horsea 
and  Cattle.  SUPERSEDES  ALU  CAUTERY 
DR  FIRING-  Impossible  to  produce  scar  or  bUmishm 
Every  bottle  sold  is  warranted  to  give  satlsfactloa 
Price  $1.50  pcr  bottle.  Sold  by  drugEists,  or 
lent  by  express,  charxea  paid,  with  full  directloaa 
for  its  use.  Send  for  descriptive  circulars. 
reE  LAWRSNCB-W1I.L1AMS  CO..  Cieveland    Qt 


r0UTZ5 

mm 

:  AND      - 

CATTLE: 
POWDER 


DAVID  E.FOUTZ 


A  medicine  which  makes 
sick  animals  wt'J.  the  diseased 
whole,   the  weak  strong  and  the 
thin  fat.     It  will  restore  lost  Appetite, 
expel  Worms  and  cure  Chronic  Giugh, 
Heaves,   Influenza,    Distemper,    Hide- 
bound, Indigestion,  G)nstipalion,  Fbt- 
kulency  and  all  Stonuch  and   Bowel 


5>K6S.*I2S 


Fistula  and 
Poll  Evil  . 


1 ou  can 
treat  these 
d  i  seases 
yourself 
and  cure  them  in  l.i  to  30  days.  Fi^  m- 
ing's  Fistula  and  Poll  Evil  Uure  is  easy 
to  apply,  perfectly  safe  to  use,  and 
your  money  is  promptly  refunded  if  It 
should  ever  fail  to  cure. 

Interesting  Booklets  Free. 

We  have  two  booklets  to  send  you. 
One  tells  about  Fistula,  Poll  Evil, 
Spavin,  Ringbone.  Curb,  Splint,  Kuee- 
.Sprung,  Lump  Jaw.  etc.,  with  instruc- 
tions bow  to  cure  them. 

The  other  proves  that  you  can  cure 
them.        Write  to-diiy. 

FLBMINQ  BROS.,  Chemists, 
22  Union  Stock  Yards.     -     Chicago.  111. 


ONSTAD'S 

LUnPY  JAW 

CAPSULES. 

We  are  specialists  in  this 
disepse.  Wecharge  noth- 
ing for  information  and 
only  a  reasonable  price 
foracuie.  Write  us. 
Sold  by  Druggists. 

he  ONSTAD  CHEMICAL  CO. 
Room  1,  Indian  polis,  Ind. 


DEATH  TO  HEAVES 


nrftamsEPARftTORS 

^^  All  about  tliem  and  other  thines  for  the 
dairy  and  creamery.       A.  H.  REID,  Philadelphia. 


274 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


UnMCG  AND  THE  PLACE  TO 
nUIIICO  FIND  THEM.^^ 

No  place  in  the  United  States  can  a  man 
do  so  well  at  farming,  for  the  money  in- 
vested, as  in  Virginia.  Lands  are  cheap ; 
climate  good,  and  the  best  of  markets 
close  at  hand.  It  is  the  State  of  all 
others,  for  a  comfortable  all  the  year 
round  home.  The  James  River  Valley 
Colonization  and  luiprovement  Company 
offer  superior  advantages  to  land  pur 
chasers.  For  free  36  page  land  pamphlet 
address 

W.  A.  PARSONS,        VlnlU,  Va. 

To  HOMESEEKERS. 

"THE  BUSINESS  OF  FARMING 
IN  VIRGINIA" 

Is  the  title  of  a  new  pamphlet  Issued  by  the 
Norfolk  aud  Western  RsllwayComrany.  We 
win  gladly  mall  you  a  copy. 

W.  B.  BEVILL,  PAULSCHERER,  «g!., 

G    P.  4  .  Laids  and  Immigration, 

Roanoke,  Va 

WE  HAVE  A  LARGE  LIST  OF 

FRUIT,  POULTRY  and  TRUCK  FARMS.  I 

Ten,  Kiay  and  One  Hundred  Acres  each,  with 
good  buildings,  close  to  steamand  trolley 

lines,  easy  access  to  the  city.    Also 

GRAIN    AND    STOCK   FARMS 

Krom  100  to  1.000  acres  at  low  prices,  all  the 

way  from  »5  w  »50  per  acre.    Write  for 

Catalogue. 

THE  VIRGINIA  LAND  AGENCY. Richmond.  Va 

J.  R.  HocKADAY,  Manager. 


IF  YOU  WISH  TO  SELL 

OR    BUY 

VIRCIiiilA  LAIRDS 

Corarnunlcale  wilh  us.  Write  for  free 
Virginia  Real  Estate  Journal,  '  con- 
taining uiany  tpleuclid  bargains. 

R    B.  CHAFFIN  &  CO..  Inc. 

No.  1  N.  10th  St.,  Richmond.  Va. 

"  PIEDMONT  X5L":!' 

^1^,^^  land,  climate,  markets,  shipping  la- 
ollltlcs,  churches,  schools,  good  health,  niodt 
rat«  prices,  easy  terms. 

MACON  &  CO.,         .         Orange,  Va. 


I  CanSpnYour  Farm 

Virginia  Farms 

AU  prices  and  sizes.    Free  list  on  application 
WM.  B.  PIZZINI  CO.,  Richmond,  v.. 


GO  SODT) 


For  full  p^rticula^s 

write  A.  JEFFERS, 

Norfolk,  Va. 


VIRGINIA  FARHS 

$3  PER  ACRE  AND    UPWARDS 

E«»v    PATMCNTS.      CtTALOCUC    FRCt. 

fiEO.  E.  CRAWFORD  &  CO.,  Richmond,  ?». 

EatabUihed  1876. 


embrace  every  item  connected  with 
tobacco,  beginning  with  the  seed  and 
carrying  it  through  the  plant  bed,  the 
transplanting,  the  field  culture  and 
growth,  the  cutting  or  stripping, 
through  the  curing  barns,  the  leaf 
sales  warehouses,  and  on  to  the  fac- 
tory, thence  through  Its  various  prep- 
aratory forms  to  the  finished  product; 
its  final  disposal  depending  upon  its 
type,  or  the  purpose  for  which  it  was 
grown.  It  is  confidently  expected  that 
Virginia  will  not  only  take  advantage 
in  this  special  feature,  but  will  as- 
sume in  it  her  rightful  place  as  the 
third  producer  of  the  leaf  In  the 
United  States. 

The  State  also  produces  40,000,000 
bushels  of  corn  annually,  of  the  bread 
type,  not  like  the  yellow  stock  corn 
of  the  West.  Here  again  the  State 
should  co-operate  in  the  special  corn 
exhibit,  which  promises  to  be  the  most 
striking  exposition  of  corn  ever  be- 
held. 

Information  as  to  exhibits  at  the 
Fair  can  be  obtained  from  the  Hon. 
G.  E.  Murrell,  Fontella,  Va. 


THE  EAST  TENNESSEE  FARMERS' 
CONVENTION. 

The  28th  annual  meeting  of  the 
East  Tennessee  Farmers'  Convention 
and  Farmers'  Institute  will  be  held 
in  Knoxville  on  May  21st,  22d  and  23d. 
The  railroads  have  granted  a  single 
fare  for  this  meeting  over  a  wide 
territory,  embracing  not  only  East 
and  Middle  Tennessee,  but  reaching 
out  into  the  adjoining  States.  Tick- 
ets to  this  meeting  will  be  good  going 
May  20th,  21st  and  22d,  with  a  final 
limit  of  May  24th  for  returning.  Last 
year  there  were  1,.500  tickets  sold  to 
the  meeting,  and  there  is  every  reason 
to  expect  a  much  larger  attendance 
this  year. 

An  unusually  strong  programme  is 
being  prepared.  The  very  best  agri- 
cultural experts  of  the  United  States, 
and  of  the  South  in  particular,  will 
occupy  places  on  the  programme.  The 
local  interests  have  not  been  over- 
looked, and  the  practical  discussions 
of  every  topic  by  the  leading  farmers 
of  Ea<^t  Tennessee  will  be  a  very  in- 
teresting feature  of  the  programme, 
which  win  be  issued  about  the  middle 
of  April. 

Any  perpon  desiring  further  infor- 
mation about  the  meeting  should  ap- 
ply to  Professor  Andrew  M.  Soule, 
Secretary,  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  who  will 
cheerfully  answer  all  letters  of  in- 
quiry. 


WALTER'S 

Piano  Exchange 

We  buy,  sell  and  eich.inge  PL\NOS. 
do  a  general  musical  u,erchandlse 
buslnefsaud  lake  trade. 


PRICES  THE  LOWEST. 

TERMS  THE  BEST. 

F.  W.  WALTER  &  SON, 
Staunton,  Va. 


Now  Ready.  A  Valuable  Pamphlet, 
"CUTUATION  and  STORING  of  SWEET  POTATOES" 

This  patrphlet.  with  necehssary  cuts,  gives 
plain  directions  for  constructing  a  sweet  po- 
tato house  that,  in  conne<  tlon  with  Iniporlant 
details,  will  easily  kcp  sweet  pototoes  In  good 
condition  until  the  new  crop  conies  iu,  or 
longer.  Also  some  new,  well  tested  and  valu- 
able plans  for  bedding  aud  growing  sweet 
pota'oes. 

A.  F.  Funderburk.  Dudley.  S.  C.  In  speak- 
ing of  this  pamphlet  says:  '•!  would  not  take 
ten  times  Its  cost  for  11." 

The  parr.phlet  has  been  introduced  into  18 
States  aud  2  Territories,  and  it  Is  believed  that 
the  plans  given  will  eventually,  to  a  great  ex- 
tent, supersede  the  present  mode  of  growing 
and  storing  sweet  potatoes. 

The  paiupMet  also  contains  a  number  of 
number  of  my  best  agricultural  articles. 

Price  of  pamphlet  postpaid  50  cents. 

Address       Bryan  Tyson.  Carthage,  N.  C. 
Please  mention  this  paper. 


"Crop  Growing 
(f  Crop  Feeding" 

BY  Prof.  w.  F.  MASSEY. 
383  Pp.      Cloth,  $1.00:  Paper,  SOc. 

We  offer  this  splendid  work  In  connec- 
tion   with   the  Southern    Planter 
at  the  folllowlng  prices: 

Southetn  Planter  snd  Cloth 

Bound  Volume,  $1.25 
Southern  Planter  tni  Paper 

Bound  Volume,  90< 


GREENSBORO,  N.C. 

for  the  treatment  of  THE  LIQUOR,  OPIUM,  MORPHINE  .nd 
other  Drug  Addictions.  The  Tobbacco  Habit,  Nerve  Exhaustion 


A  squal  caught  a  party  of  tourists 
on  a  lake  in  Scotland  and  threatened 
to  capsize  their  boat.  When  it  seemed 
that  the  crisis  had  really  come,  the 
largest  and  strongest  man  in  the 
party,  in  a  state  of  intense  fear,  said: 
"Let  us  pray."  "No,  no,  my  man!" 
shouted  the  bluff  old  boatman;  "let 
the  little  man  pray.  You  take  an 
oar." — April  "Success." 


For  Sale. 


.500  acre    firm   and 
fine    country    home, 
near  Natural  Brfdge. 
.,,  ,    ,  Postal    card    Inquiry 

win  bring  you  paitieulars. 

Mrs.  Tompkins,  giasgow.  va. 

FINE  FARMR  ^°  *''®  «•***  f™"  e™'"  »«* 

I  IHL  I  nnnid  stock  section  of  VIKGINIA. 
Best  climate  and  water  In  the  U.  8.  Near 
peat  markets,  with  best  educational  advan- 
tages.   For  further  Information,  address 

ALBEMARLE  IMMIGRATION  CO., 
Sam'i.  B.  Woods,  Pres.       Charlottesville,  V%. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


275 


The  most  popular  Machine  in  use  for  Peanut  Picking  and  Grain  Threshing  are  the 

HEEBNER'S. 
LITTLE  Gil  ANT  ^i^o 


PENNSYLVANIA 

Machines,  and  they  have  splendid  improvements  for  1903. 
They  are  built  in  first-class  manner  and  are  strong  and  dur- 
able. The  price  is  within  the  reach  of  all.  We  guarantee 
them  to  do  the  work  satisfactorily.  We  will  mail  catalogue 
and  teBtimonials,  and  quote  prices  on  application. 

RUBBER,  LEATHER 

and 

G&NDY  BELTING. 


PRICK'S  "ECLIPSE" 
ENGINES  and  BOILERS. 

ERIE  ERGINES  and  BOILERS. 


"LITTLE 
SAMSON" 
Automatic 
Engine. 


THE  CELEBRATED 

•'CHASE"  SAW  MILLS 


This  cut  shows  o«r  5  and  7  h.  p.  "Little 
Samsoni "  Vertical  Automatic  Engine,  for 
running  threshers,  peanut  pickers,  cutting 


"BE     lOaOH"      MaGHIMERY.fee.     aw,„,^,„,e„     ,    ^ 

Larger  sizes  also  furuishea. 


STRATTON  &  BRAGG  CO.,  20-22  H.  Sycamore  St,  Petersburg, Ya. 


LANTERS 


CARDWELL'S,  EUREKA  and  CENTENNIAL  FERTILIZER  ATTACH- 

MENT  are  the  best^  therefore  they  are  the  cheapest.  | 

CORN^  I  ^^^^S^ttl^^    n      IS  ri  u  e  s 

BEANS,  JB^^MLt    ^"^^^^^^^^  \ 

ENSSLAGE         ^^^H^^^^^  any  distance  apart,       | 

CROPS.  jBB^^^^^^^^'^^   ^"^  ^"V  quantity.  | 

We    make    THRESHERS,    HORSE    POWERS,    PEANUT    MACHINERY,   | 

STRAW   CUTTERS   WELL   FIXURES,  and  all  implements  | 

formerly  made  by  H.  M.  SMITH  &  CO.  and  I 

J.  W.  CARDWELL  &  CO.  I 

THE  CARDWELL  MACHINE  CO.,  =   Richmond,  Va.  \ 


27(1 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


SEED  CORN 

Cottage  Valley  Stock  and  Seed  Farm, 

W.  M.  WATKINS  &  SON,  Preps., 
Randolph  P.  0.,         •         Charlotte  County,  Va. 


White  Champion 

Ttie  Earliest  corn  on  record.  E:ars  10  to  12 
Incbes  long,  witli  is  to  20  rows  on  a  cob.  Fine 
Blze  grain.  Tne  finest  Eearly  corn  ever  planted. 
Planted  June  lOlh.on  ordinaryhigh  land,  cut. 
and  wa.i  In  ^hOlk  .Sept.  lOlh.  We  made  from 
one  gal.  planted,  12  barrels  of  good  corn. 
Price— 1  peck  76c.:  ;^bus.  $  l.BO  ;  I  bus.  $2.50. 

Pride  of  Cottage  Valley. 

A  large  earel,  deep  grained  Early  White 
Corn  with  16  to  34  rows  on  a  cob  and  .stalks  i;! 
to  15  feel  high  ;  usiiiilly  two  ears  to  the  stalk 
and  yieldlns;  an  abundance  of  fodder.  Tblt 
Com  Is  very  productive  and  makes  the  besi 
table  meal. 

Price— I  peck  45c.;  Hbut.  85c.;  !  bus.  $1.26. 

Early  Yellow  Variety 

Popularly  known  as  Huron  Dent.   Most  per- 
rect-shapert  earand  most  reliable  Early  Yellow- 
Corn  ever  Introduced.    Planted  May  lOth.  cut, 
and  In  shock  by  the  latter  part  of  .\ngusl. 
Price— 1  peck  30o.;  J-^bus.  60c.;  1  bus.  $1  00. 

Snow  White  Dent. 

It  has  medium  ear,",  and  grows  very  large 
compactcloseset  grains,  well  filled  out  thec<)l) 
being  medium  size,  very  while, and  requirln" 
grains  to  span  it,  and  weighing  about  7}4  lbs 

Ser70lb.s.  of  ears.  Another  point,  .Snow  White 
ent  matures  a  good  yield  duiing  droughty 
years,  growing  along  side  of  oiher  corn  that 
makes  lili  e  or  nothing.  Taking  all  points 
Into  consideration,  Snow  White  Dent  is  the 
^,?'^*L "■'''!;?  variety  for  millingand  allother 
FilTl?"*"'-  J"'^*^  "'«'■«  ^'■o  """-e  than  30 
artlc  es  made  from  white  corn,  and  Snow 
White  Dent  is  the  best  one  for  all  purposes 
..,i.^i""  '■^'.""-  ',""  hest  white  corn  in  America. 
^hi?!^'"^'"?r'^*'*  '"'»''''^«  by  planting  Snow 
«  ^it^n"?^-  /''«year  1901  was  the  flrlttimc 
it  was  ollered  for  sale  by  any  one,  when  It 
hn^KS,"'  '•^'^  '?7  '^"'•"nd  no  more' than  one 
bushel  was  sold  a  ►ingle  customer.  We  are 
now  able  to  olTer  It  in  quautitv.  but  in  any 
event,  solicit  early  orders,  as  there  promise? 

^rn^dnrln''*.''*.''*""";'*   '"'  '^"   '«"«'ty  <>'  8ee<i 

^«r«  ^,  r"  the  coming  season  than  for  many 
fo  deX^^J^* 'r  """'■"  "^*  right  at  all  times 
to  decline  orders  for  more  than  one  bushel. 

Price- r  peck  45c. :  1$  bus.  8Bc.;  I  bus    $1.50. 


ob^t^rnedTasTll^.r''f*'^  ^'Z"-    ^he  seed  were 
meni  l^„r.      L'h?"^  '"",?    KP'toralst    Eiperi- 

sif^grfs'j3°o:i't''s:sss;'"i-i,^-^:;t?tU?n^Nfc: 

W.  RtrSSELL,  Abbyville,  Va. 

"Feeds  ?^™^  Feeding" 

Prof.  Henry's  Great  Book  for 

Farmers    and  Stockmen. 

Delivered  anywhere  for       -        -      |2  00 

With  the  80DTHERN  PLANTER,    2-26 


CONFERENCE    FOR    EDUCATION 
IN    THE    SOUTH. 

The  Sixth  Session  of  the  Confer- 
ence for  Education  in  the  South  will 
be  opened  in  Richmond  on  the  after- 
noon of  Wednesday,  April  22d,  and 
will  close  on  the  evening  of  the  24th. 

The  decision  to  hold  the  Conference 
this  year  in  Richmond  was  reached 
only  after  the  Executive  Committee 
had  given  careful  and  respectful  con- 
sideration to  the  invitations  from  a 
number  of  representative  Southern 
cities.  The  invitation  to  Richmond 
was  cordially  and  earnestly  presented 
by  the  Richmond  Education  Associa- 
tion, the  Richmond  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, the  Governor  of  Virginia,  the 
Legislature,  the  State  Department  of 
Education,  the  University  of  Virginia, 
Washington  and  Lee  University,  and 
many  other  representative  institu- 
tions of  the  Commonwealth. 

The  conference  will  open  for  organ- 
ization in  Richmond  on  the  afternoon 
of  April  22d,  in  the  Academy  of  Mu- 
sic, on  Eighth  street,  between  Grace 
and  Franklin  streets.  The  formal 
opening  will  occur  on  the  evening  of 
the  22d,  at  which  time  the  Hon.  A. 
J.  Montague,  Governor  of  Virginia,  will 
deliver  the  address  of  welcome,  and 
Mr.  Robert  C.  Ogden  will  present  the 
annual  address  of  the  president. 

The  interest  of  the  programme  will 
continue  until  its  close  on  the  evening 
of  the  24th.  Representative  educa- 
tor=.  statesmen,  men  of  letter,?  and 
men  of  affairs  will  be  present  from 
every  section  of  the  country.  Much 
importance  will  be  given  to  such  sub- 
jects as  agricultural  and  technical 
education,  and  there  will  be  opportu- 
nity for  informal  discussion  of  such 
topics  as  the  consolidation  of  schools 
and  the  improvement  of  public  school- 
houses  and  school  surroundings.  The 
conference  has  always  been  especially 
interested  in  the  problem.s  connected 
with  the  rural  school. 

The  local  arrangements  as  to  the 
meetins:  are  in  the  hands  of  the  Exec- 
utive Committee  of  the  Richmond 
Education  Association.  P.  O.  Box  G88, 
Richmond.  Va.  The  programme,  in 
full,  will  be  published  at  an  early 
date.  The  plans  for  the  week  will 
include  a  public  service  in  memory  of 
Dr.  Curry. 

Arrangem.ents  as  to  reduced  fares 
over  the  railroads,  and  as  to  hotel 
and  boarding-honse  accommodations. 
will  be  announced  within  a  few  days. 


NO  HUSHIBUG. 


FARMER  BRICHTON/FAIRFIELoi  lOWA^  | 


M.  W.  Savage  has  refused  an  offer 
of  $70,000  for  Dan  Patch.  The  fa- 
mous pacer  cost  Mr.  Savage  $fi0.000 
about  three  months  ago.  He  bought 
the  stailion  in  New  York  city,  and 
now  eastern  men  are  so  anxious  to 
get  him  back  that  they  telegraphed 
the  offer. 

Horsemen  doiibt  whether  Mr.  Sav- 
age would  entertain  any  proposition 
for  the  pet  of  his  stock  farm.  At  anv 
rate,  the  strong  Increase  of  $10,000  in 


A  Pachage  of  the  Famous 

American  Stock  Food 

FREE. 

Send  us  the  names  of  ten  of  the  best 
farmers  and  slock  raisers  in  your  vi- 
cinity, and  we  will  mail  you.  post-paid, 
a  sample  package  of  American  Stock 
Food. 

THIS  IS  THE  GOMIN]  STOCK  FOOD. 

Every  package  guaran'eed. 

Every  fu  l-<ized  package  has  on  It 
picture  of  Uncle  Sam.  None  genuine 
witbout. 

AMERICAN  STOCK   FOOD  CO  ,  Fremont.  Ohio. 


150  Jacks,  Jennets  S  Mules  ISO 

Best  assortment  I 
ever  owned.  Can 
suit  you  exactly. 

^Vrite   for   descrip- 
tion and  pi  ices. 

Also  will  sell  two 
Percherou  stallions 
at  close  figures. 
BAKER'S  lACK  FARM, 

Lawrence.  Indiana. 

PINE  JACKS 

Mulfs  areeqnal  t«  Gold  OolUrs.  from 

jouih  to  old  age."    Several  ulce  ones 

and  2  very  line  Jennetts  for  sale.    Buy 

Jack  now  and  get  him  ready  f,jr  spring. 

Write  your  wants  to 

L.  L.  THOHAS. 
722  W.  Campbell  Ave.,       .      Roanoke.  Va. 


JACKS  and  JENNETS 

FOR  SALE. 

Enclose  2  ceni  stamp  for 
new  catalogue. 
W    E    KNIGHT  &  CO., 

R   F   D.  5      Nashville,  Tann. 


^ 


For  Sale — 

Registered  and  Grades.       "  One  to  carload 

lots."      Pairs.  flO.no :  trios,  817.00. 

Wilie  for  carload  prices. 


JEREMY   IMfMOvEMtNT  CO., 


INOORA  GOATS  ^;«fl^.«??^'"?.«  ^^ras^<i 


I'niar  addr 


For  large  cl> 
B:g  Cllfly.  Ky 


"HARVEST  FOR  HUSTLING  AGENTS.  Send  .30o. 
for  sample  corn  sheller.  Just  out.  Illustrated 
catalogue  of  quick  s  lUng  goods  furnished 
free.    S.u  hern  Noveily  Works,  Ru  hn-.ord,  Va  " 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


277 


QRANITE  POULTRY  YARDS. 

EGGS! EGGS! EGGS! 

From  fine  laying  strain  of 

Barred  Plymouth  Rocks 

And 

Silver  Laced  Wyandottes. 

I  will  scDd  you  nice,  fresh  layed  Eggs,  and 
All  your  order  promptly.  Eggs  81  per  sitting 
of  15,  at  express  oflice,  Salisbury,  N.  C.  No 
more  birds  fir  sale  at  present. 

Mrs   JOHN  D.  A.  FISHER, 

R.  F.  D.  No    3,   Salisbury,  N.  C. 


PURE  BRED,    PRIZE-WINNING 

^  FOWLS  ^ 

MAMMOTH   BRONZE  TURKEYS. 

We   have  the   wiaoing  pen    of  Madison 
Square  Garden  Show.    Gobbler  weigtis  45 
lbs. ;  beus,  26  lbs. 
PEKIN   DUCKS.   .  . 

Prlze-winnlug  drake  at  Philadelphia  and 
New  York  Madison  Square  Garden.  Young 
ducks  weigh  14  lbs.  per  pair. 
PLYMOUTH  ROCKS,  Barred  and  White. 
WHITE  HOLLAND  TURKEYS. 
t,.-  A  limited  number  fowls  and  Eggs  for  Sale. 
Also  pure  bred  POL.\ND  CHINAS,  SHET- 
LAND PON  IBS.  HORSES,  and  RED  POLLED 
CATTLE,  the  milk,   butter  and  beef  breed. 
ALBEMARLE  PROLIFIC  SEED  CORN. 

ARROWHEAD  STOCK  FARM, 
Sam'l  B.  Woods,  Prop.     Charlottesville,  Va. 

iToLLYBROIIK  FARM 


Eggs  I  Incubators 

We  can  name  a  spefial  low  price  on 
Barred  Plymouth  Hock  Esgs,  flrst-cl  iss 
stock,  in  100  lots  and  over,  for  Incuba- 
tor use.  Write  for  price,  slating  num- 
ber required. 

HENRY  W.  WOOD, 
Hollybrook  Farm.      P.  0.  Box  330.  RICHMOND,  VA 

We  also  have  a  'ew  flrst-elass  Pullets  of  Sif 
ver-Laced  Wyandottes  for  sale:  Price,  81.50 
each. 

The  Racket  Poultry  Farms, 

A.  S.  JOHNSON,  Man.,  Parksley,  Va. 

Breeder  of  High-c'ass  Land  and  Water  Fowls. 
Black  Langshaks,  Rhode  Island  Reds, 
S.  C.  Brown  Leghorns,  Toulouse  Geese, 
Pekin  Ducks  and  Belgian  Hares. 
Geese  eggs,  25cLs,  each  Langshaus,  Rhode 
Island  Reds,  81.25  sitting,  others.  81.00.  Our 
birds  are  bred  from  winners  at  largest  shows, 
and  have  the  range  of  three  farms.  Satisfac- 
tory guarantee. 

E'CS-GS    EGG-S     EGGS 

That  will  hatch  out  Dollars.  Not  real 
dollars,  but  Turkeys  and  Chickens  of  the  best 
strains  in  this  country,  which  will  net  the 
owner  more  real  dollars  of  profit  than  any 
others  I  handle  "  Nothing  but  the  Best"  In 
my  line.  My  prices  are  higher  than  some 
others,  but  the  quality  more  than  makes  the 
difference.  National  strain.  Mammoth  Bronze 
Turkeys,  sitting  13  82.  National  strain,  Barred 
Plymouth  Chickens,  sitting  15,  $l..50. 

PIEDMONT  POULTRY  PLACE, 

MIssE.Calle  Giles,  Prop..  Whittle's  Depot,  Va. 


the  market  price  within  the  short 
space  of  100  days  was  not  too  great 
a  temptation. 

Tuesday  morning  Dan  Patch  will  be 
removed  from  the  Savage  private 
stable  on  Portland  avenue  to  the  In- 
ternational Stock  Food  Farm  on  the 
Jlinnesota  river.  An  arrival  of  in- 
terest yesterday  at  the  farm  from 
Pleasanton,  Kan.,  was  the  first  Dan 
Patch  colt  to  be  brought  to  Minne- 
sota. Mr.  Savage  has  bought  a  half 
interest  in  the  stud  colt  and  he  will 
live  at  the  farm.  The  colt  was 
foaled  January  Gth  and  $1,000  was 
offered  for  him  before  he  finished  his 
first  day.  The  colt  is  named  "Young 
Dan."  His  first  dam  was  Cedar 
Belle  and  his  grandmother  Oleta. 

Henceforth  "Savage"  will  be  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Omaha  road.  The  offi- 
cials have  notified  Rlr.  Savage  that 
they  will  call  the  farm  station  Sav- 
age hereafter  instead  of  Hamilton. — 
From  Minneapolis  Journal,  March  14, 
1903. 


LEGHIRH  POJ-TRY  YARDS 


GOOD  ROADS  vs.  WIDE  TIRES. 

Tue  question  of  good  road-making 
is  now  being  agitated  pretty  generally 
throughout  the  United  States.  In  this 
connection  we  are  glad  to  note  that 
wide  tires  are  coming  into  promi- 
nence. This  is  just  as  it  should  be, 
because  if  there  Is  one  thing  that  con- 
tributes to  make  a  good  road  it  is  a 
broad   tire. 


Sn    UI    I  FflUnDUO    Pure  stock.   Bred  to 
.  b.  If.  LtuHUnNo.  lay.    Egg8.81  per 20. 
IDEAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Kopp,  Va. 


We  reproduce  herewith,  by  the  cour- 
tesy of  the  Electric  Wheel  Co.,  Quincy, 
111,  a  cut,  which  shows  the  relative 
advantage  of  the  broad  over  the  nar- 
row tire.  The  advantage  of  the  former 
is  apparent  to  all,  as,  in  addition  to 
making  good  roads,  it  reduces  the 
draught,  thereby  making  the  load 
much  lighter  on  the  horses. 

The  above  company  makes  all  kind 
of  metal  wheels,  and  has  some  in- 
teresting literature,  which  it  will  send 
free  to  any  one  requesting  it. 

Address  them  at  Box  146,  Quincy, 
111. 


Have  for  sale  a  limited  number  ol  Single 
Comb  Brown  and  White  Leghorn  Pullets  and 
Boosters.  Best  layers  known.  Prize-winning 
stock.  Price,  $1.00  to  S1.50each.  Eggs  In  season 
at  81.00  for  16 ;  85  00  per  100.  Satisfaction  guar- 
anteed.   Address 

A   T.  MATTHEWS,  Box  36,  Parksle>,  Va. 


BROWN  LEGHORNS 

(Single  Comb.) 

Eggs  firora  prize  winners  and  good  layers  81.60 
per  sitting.    Reduction  on  larger  lots. 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS 

R.  W.  HAW,  Jr.,    •    Cenfralia,  Va. 

EGGS  FOR  HATCHING 

From  White  Holland  Turkeys,  White 

Plymouth  Rock  and   Rose  Comb 

White  Leghorns. 

White  piymduth  Rocks  are  the  best  all  pu^ 
pose  fowls.  My  stock  is  of  the  finest  strains. 
K.  C.  W.  Leghorns  are  the  champion  layers. 
Neat  Rose  Combs  do  not  freeze.  Send  for 
circular.         Mrs.  LIZZIE  DYER,  Versailles,  Tenn. 


A  CHANGE. 
"Well,"  said  Noah,  as  he  hunted  for 
a  dry  spot  on  the  top  of  Ararat,  "a  lot 
of  people  came  down  to  the  pier  to  josh 
us  when  we  started,  but  I  don't  see 
any  of  them  around  to  poke  fun  at  our 
home-coming." — Liie. 


Eggs  for  Hatching 

Toulouse  Goose  eggs,  J2  per  doz.;  Barred  and 
White  Rock,«,  S.  L.  Wyandottes,  Brown  Leg. 
horns,  S.  and  R.  C.  S.  C.  White  Leghorns  75c. 
per  sitting  of  15.  A  few  more  Leghorn  Cocke, 
rels left,  ?1  each.       j.b.  JOHNSON, 

Clover  Hill  farm.  Manassass,  VA. 


To  makecowi  pay,  use  Sharpies  Crtam  Separalori. 
Book  "Business  Dairying  "  &  Cat.  305  free.  W. 
Chester,  Pa. 


•^^  EGGS  1^ 

BARRED  PLYMOf  TH  ROCK,  S    C.  B. 

LEGHUKN.S. 

Biltmoreand  Thompson  strains. 

SI  per  15 ;  prompt  attention. 
MRS.   UNO  F.   PAYNE, 
Clairmont  Dairy  Farm.  Unl>ersity  of  Va. 

Barred  Plymouth  Rocks 

EXCLUSIVELY 

Strong,     healthy,    vigorous,    tarm-raised 
stock;  bied  for  laying;  75ctB.  per  setting. 

WM.  B.  Lewis,  Irby,  Nottoway  Co.,  V«. 


278 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


-F  B  O  M- 

WHITE  HOLLANDTURKEYS 

J2.25for9;  U.ODtor  18. 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS 

»1.25forl3;  $2.25  for  30. 

Packed  and  f.  o.  b.  Kxpiess  Office. 

JOHN  A.  CI-ARK.    -    SHIRLEY.  VA. 

Home  of  High-breds. 

Even  the  besi  Is  never  too  good, 
you'd  better  buy  of  me. 
FANCIERS  STOCK  AT  FARMERS  PRICES. 
Duroc-Jerseys,  the  best  nil  purpose  hog! 
also  Poland-China* ;  8  P.  Rocka,  M.  B. 
Turkeys  ana  M.  P.  DucKs.  Ems  lu  .■reason. 
THE  CEDARS  WIW.  O    OWENS, 

P.  and  S.  FARM.  Midlothian,  Va. 


BUFF  ORPINGTON 

EGGS  FOR  SALE. 

This  wonderrul-laylng  and  general  utility 
fowl  Is  taking  the  day.  Eggs,  »1  per  15.  Good 
batch  guaranteed.  Will  prepay  expre-s  on  83 
orders.     ..  qccONEECHEE  FARM,"  Jeflress,  Va 


FINE  ILLUS- 
TRATED 
I  CATALOG 
for  stamp. 
If  you  men- 
thls  paper. 
All  poultry 


32  Varieties 
Best  Poultry 


keepers  should  have  It.    JHO.  E.  HEATWOLE, 
Harrisonburg,  Virginia. 

EGGS  FOR  HATCHING. 

White  Wyandottes,  Barred  Plymouth 
Rocks,  S.  C.  WhitB  Leghorns  and  Pekin 
Ducks.  Prize  winners  at  New  York,  Bos- 
ton, Philadelphia.  Cleveland,  Hageretown, 
Pan-American  and  Charleston.  Some  ex- 
tra fine  stock  for  sale.  For  prices  and  de- 
scription, address 

LEWIS  E.  BENEDICT,  Proprlelor 
Meadowvdle  Farm.  •  Lulhervllle.  Md. 


Barred,  Buff  and  White  P.  Rocks,  Light 
Brahraas,  White  Wyandottes,  Buff  Coch- 
ins, Partridge  Cochins,  Black  Langshan, 
Black  Minorca,  S.  C.  Brown  Leghorns  and 
B.C.  White  Leghorns.  Stock  for  sale  cheap. 
Prize  winner  eggs,  $1  f  >r  15.  A  hatch  of  %, 
or  order  duplicated  at  half  price. 

OAKLAND  POULTRY  FARM.  Ruffin,  N.  C. 
Box  5.  0.  J.  Warrlner.  Manager. 

EGGS  FOR  HATCHING. 

Purebred  B.  P.  Rock.  Black  Minokca, 
B.  C.  B.  Leghokn.  Fine  stock,  excellent 
layers.  I  guarantee  eggs  to  be  true  to 
name,  fresh,  and  to  arrive  in  good  condi- 
tion. 75  cts.  per  15,  $2  per  45,  H  per  100 
Miss  S.  M.  HITER,  Eillsvllle.  Louisa  Co..  Va. 

WHITE  WYANDOTTES 
and  BUFF  P.  ROCKS. 

Beautiful  birds,  and  grand  layers. 

Cockerels,  8I..50  each. 

Eggs,  $1  per  13 ;   8.5  per  100. 

EDGEMONT  POULTRY  YARDS,  Liberty  Mills.  Va. 


EGGS   FOR   SALE 

From  purebred  S.  C.  B.  LEGHORNS, 
SI  per  15 ;  $5  per  100. 

Mrs.  B.  D.  CHANDLER,  R.  F.  0..  Charloltetvllle,  Va 


NATIONAL   AID   TO   ROAD   BUILD- 
ING. 

BY   J.   B.   KILLEBREW. 

There  is  no  questioning  the  fact 
that  the  subject  of  road  building  is 
engaging  the  attention  of  the  people 
of  the  United  States  to  a  greater  ex- 
tent than  ever  before  in  the  history  of 
the  country.  Not  only  is  the  subject 
discussed  in  every  county,  township, 
and  civil  district,  but  the  Legislatures 
of  the  several  States  are  beginning  to 
listen  to  the  coming  storm  of  public 
applause  or  public  indignation  by  de- 
vising methods  to  improve  the  roads. 
But  by  far  the  most  important,  be- 
cause the  most  comprehensive,  move- 
ment inaugurated  is  that  of  the  bill 
presented  to  Congress  by  the  Hon.  W. 
P.  Brownlow,  of  Tennessee.  In  its 
scope  this  bill  provides  for  national  aid 
in  road  improvement  to  every  politi- 
cal division  or  sub-division  of  the 
country.  Section  12  of  the  bill  pro- 
vides "that  one-half  of  the  expenses 
of  the  construction  shall  be  paid  by 
the  Treasurer  o  f  the  United  States 
upon  the  warrant  of  the  Comptroller, 
issued  upon  the  requisition  of  the  Di- 
rector of  said  Bureau,  out  of  any  spe- 
cific appropriations  made  to  carry  out 
the  provisions  of  this  act,  and  one- 
half  of  the  expenses  thereof  shall  be 
paid  by  the  State  or  political  sub- 
division thereof  making  application 
for  the  co-operation  provided  for;  pro- 
vided, that  nothing  herein  shall  be  con- 
strued to  prevent  the  State  or  politi- 
cal sub-division  thereof  from  distribu- 
ting the  said  half  so  that  the  State 
may  pay  a  portion,  the  county  a  por- 
tion, and  the  owners  of  the  land  abut- 
ting upon  said  road  another  portion. 
And  provided  further,  that  no  money 
be  advanced  by  the  United  States  in 
payment  of  its  portion  of  the  cost  of 
construction  as  provided  for,  except 
as  the  work  of  actual  construction  pro 
gresses,  and  in  no  case  shall  the  pay- 
ment or  payments  made  thus  prior 
to  the  completion  of  the  work  be  in 
excess  of  80  per  centum  of  the  value 
of  the  work  performed,  but  in  all  cases 
20  per  centum  must  be  held  until  the 
completion  of  the  work  according  to 
the  plans  and  specifications  and  to 
the  satisfaction  of  the  Director  of  said 
Bureau." 

This  is  a  wise  provision,  and  will 
put  every  community  upon  its  mettle. 
Those  that  are  imbued  with  the  spirit 
of  progress  and  improvement  will  not 
hesitate  to  avail  themselves  of  this 
assistance  in  building  good  roads.  The 
passage  of  this  bill  will  be  a  distinc- 
tive and  era-making  event  In  the  legis- 
lation of  the  country.  To  one  who 
properly  considers  all  the  benefits  that 
will  accrue  to  the  nation  and  to  all  its 
citizens  by  the  passage  of  this  bill,  it 
must  be  conceded  that  no  other  legis- 
lation has  ever  been  fraught  with  so 
much  good  for  the  people  and  with 
such  grand  possibilities.  Say  what  we 
please  about  the  influence  of  public 
schools,  the  press,  the  pulpit,  the  plat- 


Cramer's  Poultry  Yards 

Hatching  Eggs  frr  m  m  yl30  pure- 
bred Si  I  ver  L.  wy  an  dottes  at  75c  per 
sitting  of  15.    84.1 0  per  100  eggs. 

JOHN  CRAMER,         -         South  Boston,  Va. 

WiNTED  AT  ONCE 

OLD  LIVE  PIGEONS 

In  any  quantity. 
W.  C  LYNHAM,  4I2W  Marshall  St.,  Richmond,  Va. 


BLACK  MINORCA  EGGS 

(iO  ctp.  per  i^etling  of  15- 

Mrs.  X.  0.  HILL,  Huoii  P.  0  ,  Louisa  Co  ,  Va. 


EGGS    FOR    HATCHING. 

From  ciioice,  iiigh  scoring,  B.  and 
W.  Plymouth  Rocks,  «2  a  sitting. 
%  From  good,  purebred  B.  Leghorns 
'-'   ano   B.  Plymoutli  Kocks,  $1  a  sit- 
ting, 83.50  per  SO.        H.  A.  KUHNS,  Atlanta,  Ga. 


ECrCrS    FOR    SA.I.E. 

M.  B.  Turkey,  8.3  per  doz.;  Pekin  Duck,  SI 
perdoz.;  White  Wyandotte,  Ji  for  13:  B.  P. 
Rock,  81  for  13;  S.  C.  B.  Leghorn,  Jl  for  16. 

Miss  Clara  L.  Smith,  Croxton,  Carotin*  Co,  Vi. 


Barred  P.  Rocks  S.  G.  B.  and  W.  Leghorns. 

15  eggs,  tl ;  30,  81.7.5.    Pekin  Ducks— U 

eggs,  $1 ;  22,  81.75.    8a  isfaction 

guaranteed. 

Rev.  J.  W    HECKMAN,  SpoHsilvaiila,  Va. 


SILVER   WYANDOTTES 

EXCLUSIVELY. 
Famous  "Blue  Grass"  Strain;  none  finer. 
Eggs,  81  per  13 ;  82  per  30.    22  years  a  breeder 
and  shipper.  g  p  70DER.  Denljigh,  Va. 


EGGS    FOR    SALE 


From  purebred 


W.  F.  FLANAGAN,     Chrlstlansburgr,  Va. 


BARRED  AND  BUFF 

PLYMOUTH  ROCKS. 

FRED  NUSSEY, 

Summit,  Spottsylvania  Co.,  Va. 


White  Leghorns. 

Egg;Record,  2,213  eggs  in  one  3  ear         , 
m  from  eighteen  heus.| 

— '—F.yps-lta'npr  15 ;  J5  per  60.  MIRB  """ 

.  Write  for  circularito-day.  "•({J 
C.  G.|M.;fINK,  1409tW.  Lelgh|St..;:Rlchmond,:Va. 


From  prize-winning  matingb 
BARRED  and  WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCK, 
WHITE  WYANDOTTE  and  BLACK  MIN- 
ORCA. Reduced  rates  to  secure  widest 
patronage— 81.00  per  13. 
KENTON  POULTRY  FARM,    Olenadale,  IWd. 


EGGS 


B:A:R:R;EJ3t  ■.PjU.YJVI.O  U.TH    R  OC.K 

^    E:  G-  G  S    o( 

From  the  Sonnyside  winter  laying  strain'of 
ri  n  glct  s.  Ji  per  15.  » 1 .90  per  30.  83  per  .50.  Incu- 
bator Eges,  83  per  100.  No.  C.  O.  D  shipmenta 
to  any  one.       SUNNYSIDE  POULTRY  FARM, 

Reference:       Mpw  Chrlstlansburg,  Va. 

Bank  of  Cbrlstlaneburg. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


279 


S.  C.  BROWN  LEGHORNS 

Long  bred  for  fine  plumaee,  strong  Tltallty 
and  laying  qualities.    One  bitting  of  16  eggs 
75  ots.:  two  sittings  of  32  eggs,  81.25;  per  100 
eggB,  J3.50.         Address 
J.  N.  HANGER,         -         Lasley,  Va. 

PIT  GAMES 

Ked  Horses.  Eggs,  $1  50  per  sitting  (15). 

Also  a  few  Red  Horse  and  Irish  Red  Cocks 

for  tale  at  reasonable  prices. 

A.  S.  CRAVEN,  -   Greenwood,  Va. 

BLACk  DEVILS  and  RED  HORSES. 

These  Cocks  won  90  per  et.  of  battles  fougln 

In  1901  and  1902,  and  have  never  lost  a  battle 

when  gameness  and  cutting  qualities  could 

win.    Kggs,  82  per  sitting  and  stock  for  sale. 

THUS.  W.  JARMAN,  Yancey  Mills,  Va. 

M.  B.  TURKEY  EGGS 

From   extra  heavy    weights   and   brilliant 

glumage,  83  doz.    B.  P.  Rock  and  Peklu  Duck 
Iggs  61  per  15.    Pedigreed  Scotch  Collie  Pups 
$5  each.    8  mos.  male  Collie  partly  trained  $10. 
C.  H.  BENNETT,  -  Qoodman,  Va. 


ALL  KINDS  OF 

LIVE  WILD  BIRDS  AND  ANIMALS. 

Particularly  Wild  Turkeys,  White 
Squirrels,  Ducks,  Swans,  Etc. 

CECIL  FRENCH, 

7 1 8  Twellth  St.  N.  W.,  Waslilngton,  D.  C. 


RIVER  VIEW  POULTRY  FARM. 

EGGS  FOR  HATCHING 

From  purebred  B.  P.  R.  My  hens  weigh 
from  8  to  10  lbs.  and  cocks  from  10  to  12  lbs.,  at 
1  yr.  old.  I  handle  only  B.  P.  Rocks,  and  they 
are  farm  range.  Price  per  sitting,  $1  for  15, 
81.50  for  30,  82  for  45 

M.  E.  ANDREWS,  Hurt,  Va. 
One-half  mile  from  Depot.    On  Southern  R'y. 

MAWKSLEV   STOCK   FARH. 

Large  ENGLISH  BERKSHIRES 
B.  P.  ROCKS  FOWLS, 

Eggs  from  same,  $1  per  13. 
J.  T.  OLIVER,  Allen's  Level,  Va. 

FOR    Sikl.£:. 

Large  English  Berkshire  Hogs, 
Barred  Plymouth  Rock  Chickens 

BEN.  BOLT,  60747,  430  lbs.  as  a  yearling  at 
head  of  herd.    .»-EGGS  IN  SEASON. 

JOHN  P.  FOSTER,  Nocreek,  Ohio  Co.,  Ky. 

...A  BARGAIN... 

1  DE  L&VAL  CRANK 

HUMMING  BIRD  SEPARATOR, 

275  lbs.  capac,  In  perfect  order.     Price,  $50. 

1  SHARPIES  SAFETY  HAND  SEPARATOR, 

Capac,  300  lbs..  In  need  of  slight  repairs. 
Price,  »25. 


W.   B.  GATES, 


RICE  DEPOT,  VA. 


form,  and  other  institutions  that  mark 
the  civilized  progress  of  mankind, 
yet  all  these  are  more  or  less  depen- 
dent upon  the  facilities  of  intercourse 
between  the  people.  In  fact,  it  is  an 
undeniable  truth  that  civilization 
means  labor  in  some  form,  and  labor 
is  the  ability  to  move  things  from 
place  to  place,  and  its  efficiency  de- 
pends upon  the  ease  with  which  they 
are  moved.  No  nation  has  ever  yet 
achieved  permanent  renown  without 
good  roads,  or  ever  built  them  and 
regretted  it  afterwards.  No  commu- 
nity in  possession  of  good  roads  would 
be  willing  to  surrender  them  upon 
the  repayment  of  their  cost  and  main- 
tenance. Of  all  the  expenditures  made 
by  aggregated  bodies  or  by  govern- 
ment agencies,  while  it  may  not  be  the 
least  felt,  it  produces  the  greatest 
good  and  the  greatest  satisfaction  to 
the  greatest  number.  Everybody  uses 
good  roads — the  millionaire  and  the 
beggar,  the  black  and  the  white,  the 
lame  and  the  blind,  women  and  chil- 
dren— all  enjoy  and  participate  in  the 
advantages  and  blessings  of  good 
roads.  They  are  the  morning  star  of 
progress;  they  are  the  fountain  heads 
of  trade  and  commerce;  they  are  the 
avenues  over  which  pass  the  main 
agencies  for  the  dissemination  of 
knowledge  and  the  increase  of  Intelli- 
gence, as  well  as  the  enjoyments  of 
social  intercourse  in  rural  life.  They 
provide  the  means  for  the  performance 
of  public  duty;  of  reaching  local  mar- 
kets or  shipping  points  on  the  rail- 
ways. They  serve  more  country  peo- 
ple in  the  aggregate  than  the  railroads 
themselves. 

This  bill  of  Mr.  Brownlow's  is  most 
timely.  The  rapid  extension  of  the 
rural  free  delivery  system,  now  cover- 
ing 300,000  square  miles,  and  destined 
in  the  near  future  to  be  extended  to 
the  40,000,000  people  living  in  the  ru- 
ral districts,  make  good  roads  a  ne- 
cessity. Why  should  the  United 
States,  that  has  attained  supremacy 
over  all  other  nations  in  wealth  and 
in  a  world-wide  influence  in  commerce 
and  diplomacy,  hesitate  to  enter  upon 
a  work  that  will  bind  its  citizens  to  it 
with  a  loyalty  exceeding  the  loyalty 
of  the  people  of  any  other  nation 
whatever?  Why  hesitate  to  do  that 
which  every  person  desires  to  be  done 
in  some  way?  Why  hesitate,  when 
good  roads  are  the  most  Important  fac- 
tors in  carrying  out  the  wise  provis- 
ions for  increasing  the  intelligence 
of  its  citizenship  through  rural  free 
delivery?  No  other  highly  civilized 
nation  on  earth  has  so  many  bad  roads 
as  the  United  States.  England, 
France,  Germany,  Spain,  Italy — all 
have  good  roads. 

This  government  belongs  to  the  peo- 
ple. They  Instituted  It  for  their  own 
welfare.  They  are  the  rulers.  Con- 
gress Is  but  one  of  the  agencies  they 
have  created  to  provide  for  their 
wants  and  to  execute  their  will.  There 
is   no   constitutional    barrier    to   the 


MARKET  TOPPERS  FOR  SALE,  LOW. 


k!^?^^W^"" 


One  thoroughbred  Angus  cow,  unregistered, 
coming  3  yrs.,  wil  h  heifer  calf  at  foot.         i 

Four  three- fourths  Angus  heifers,  two  coming 
3  yrn.,  two  coming  4  yrs.,  bred  to  reg.  An- 
gus bull. 

Four  seven-eighths  Angus  heifers,  coming  2 
yrs.,  bred  to  reg.  Angus  bull. 

Three  seven-eighths  Angus  heifers,  coming 
I  yrr 

Four  one-half  Angus  heifers,  coming  1  yr. , 

One  bull  calf,  out  of  a  thoroughbred  Shorthorn 
cow.  by  a  reg.  Angus  bull. 

One  9-mos.-old  reg.  Angus  bull.  

One  12-mos.-C'ld  reg.  Angus  heifer.  ""■'I 

All  of  the  above  cattle  are  black,  and  as  well 

polled  as  a  thoroughbred  An^us,  ,j\j 

One  fine  reg.  Angus  Bull  Calf,  5  mos.  old.;        i 

One  pair  Bay  Mares,  with  black  points,  com- 
ing 5  yjs.  old.  Weight,  1,200  lbs.  each. 
Well  broken  to  harness  and  ail  farm  ma- 
chinery. An  ideal  farm  team.  Heavy- 
enough  for  farm  work  and  active  enough 
for  good  drivers,  and  gentle  enough  for 
anybody  to  handle.  If  sold  very  soon,  will 
take  $325.,  which  Is  very  cneap. 
Address  W.  M.  WATKINS  tc  SON, 

Cottage  Valley  Stock  Farm, 

Randolph,  Charlotte  Co. ,  Va. 


The  RICHMOND,  FREDERICKSBURG 

and  POTOMAC  R.  R. 
and  WASHINGTON  SOUTHERN  R'Y 

Form  the  Link  connecting  the 

Atlantic  Cost  Line  R.  R., 

Baltimore  and  Ohio  R.  R., 

Chesapeake  and  Oliio  R'y, 

Pennsylvania  R.  R., 

Seaboard  Air  Line  R'y 

and  Southern  R'y. 

Between  all  points,  via  Richmond,  Va. 

Fast  Mall,  Passenger  ard  Express  Route^b©- 
tween  Richmond,  Fredericksburg,  Alexan- 
dria, Washington,  Baltimore.  Philadelphia, 
New  York,  Boston,  Pittsburg,  Buffalo  and  All 
Points  North,  East  and  West.  ~~^ 

W.  P.  TAYLOR,  Traffic  Manager.  Richmond,  Vi. 


WHISKEY 

4  full  quarts  Corn  Whiskey  10  years  old,  13.50 
i    "  "  "  "  6      "       "      2.50 

4    "  •'  "  ■'        Private  Stock, 

20  years  old,  for  Invalids  and  other 

loved  ones 6.00 

Or  win  ship  the  12  qts.  named  above  for  Sll.OO 
Plain  packages.  Express  paid.  Purest 
and  Best  Whiskey,  and  Oldest  House 
In  America.  Established  1768—135  years 
ago.  Just  as  Corn-bread  Is  more  whole- 
some and  pa'atable  than  Rye  bread — 
Sowlth  the  Whiskey— go  say  all  Docton 
—try  It  and  be  convinced.  Nothing  on 
earth  so  beneficial  to  weak  lungs  as  thU 
mountain  beverage. 

THE  OLD  NICK  WILLIAMS  CO., 
Lock  Box  No.  1 1.  Williams,  N.  C. 


280 


THE  SuUTilEUN  PLANTER. 


[April 


gERKSHIREg 

ANNEFIELD  HERD 


Represents  the 


Finest  Blood  Lines 

In  Eng  and  or  America. 

Stock  for  sale  at  all  times. 


J  Correspondence  Solicited.  > 

^  Inspection  Invited.  J 

J  EDW.  Q.  BUTLER,      Annefieid  Farms.  > 

$  Brlgga,  Clarke  Co  ,  Va,  C 


Farm  Bulletin 

Splendkl  ANGUS  BULL  for  sale. 
1  year  old  in  April. 

We  are  now  booking  ordei-s  for 
DoRSKT  Ra.m  Lambs.  No  more 
Berkshire  Pigs  now. 

D.  0.  NOURSE,  Prof,  of  A?r. 
Blacksburg,  Va. 


Woodland 
Farm^*- 


DORSETS 

Of  18  rarus,  9  to  14  mos.  old,  we  now  bave 
on  hand.  4  are  not  quite  good  enougb  to  be^d 
any  berd  in  llie  United  Slates,  Tbc  best 
ram  Harding  could  find  in  England  now 
beads  our  fliK-k.  .\re  buying  a  few  ewes; 
none  to  sell,  but  are  booking  orders  for  October 
diopped  ewe  lambs. 

WOODLAND  FARM,  Mechanlcsburg.  0. 
(J.  E.  Wing,  Willis  O.  Wing,  Chas.  B.  Wing.) 


FOR   SALE-A   SPLENCID    YOUNG 

y.  bred,  sired  liv  the  fluest  Hereford  bull  in 
Virginia,  and  probably  in  the  U.  S.  His  dam 
was  also  sired  bv  a  ii.agniflcent  big  rangy 
Hereford  of  royal  breeding.  This  young  bull 
will  point  with  any  thoroughbred,  and  for 
crosKbreedlngisfully  as  valuable.  He  weighed 
500  lbs.  all  nios.  audi>50  lbs.  at  (i  iimg.  He  Is  In 
perfectconditlon,  having  wintered  splendidly, 
and  is  nowl  year  old.  For  further  partlculp.rs 
and  price  address, 

W.  C    REED,  P   0   Box  26,  Richmond,  Va 


FOR  s.A.r.E:. 
S  Reg.  HEREFORD  BULLS 

From  li  iiios.  to  \\  yrp.  old. 

8  Reg   HEIIFEFIS 

from  6  to  IS  mos.  old.    At  reasonable  prices. 
HAYFIELOS  STOCK  FARM,      Cockersvllle.  Md, 


DOJ^SETSAND 
HEREFORDS 

H.  ARMSTRONG,  -  Lantz^Mllis,  Va. 


building  of  roads.  The  same  clause 
iu  the  Constitution  that  authorizes 
tiie  establishment  of  post-offices  au- 
thorizes the  establishment  of  post- 
luads.  These  two  constitutional  be- 
tlowments  are  co-ordinate  branches 
created  for  the  accomplishment  of  the 
same  great  end — that  is,  the  conveni- 
tuce  and  happiness  of  the  people.  But 
aside  from  the  necessity  of  building 
good  highways  for  the  better  distribu- 
tion of  the  mails  through  rural  dis- 
tricts, It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that 
the  agricultural  classes,  while  doing 
more  to  sustain  the  credit  of  the  gov- 
ernment and  the  financial  strength  of 
its  people  than  all  other  classes  com- 
bined, have  had  the  smallest  appro- 
priations made  for  their  immediate 
benefit.  The  urban  population  have 
long  been  provided,  at  the  expense  of 
the  government,  with  messengers  for 
the  delivery  of  mail.  The  shipping 
interests  have  had  the  harbors  and  riv- 
ers improved  to  expedite  their  busi- 
ness. The  cities  have  been  provided 
with  post-office  buildings,  the  archi- 
tectural beauty  and  cost  of  which  sur- 
pass those  of  any  other  nation.  Rail- 
roads have  made  use  of  the  credit  of 
the  government.  Iron  masters  have 
depended  upon  the  government  to  con- 
struct great  locks  and  dams  for  facili- 
tating the  assembling  of  the  materials 
at  cheap  rates  for  making  iron.  The 
tariff  laws  have  been  shaped  to  benefit 
the  manufacturers.  No  sane  man  ob- 
jects to  the  majority  of  such  appro- 
priations. They  are  needed  to  foster 
and  increase  the  commerce  of  the  na- 
tion. But  are  they  more  important 
to  the  great  mass  of  citizens  than  good 
roads  through  the  country?  Such 
roads  cheapen  food  and  clothing,  ex- 
tend trade,  make  many  commodities 
valuable  that  are  valueless  without 
them,  save  time,  and,  indeed,  improve 
the  opportunities  of  every  citizen, 
whether  he  lives  in  the  town  or  coun- 
try or  is  a  sailor  on  the  wide  ocean. 
Good  roads  through  the  rural  dis- 
tricts would  relieve  the  congestion  of 
population  in  the  great  cities.  Country 
life,  with  its  moral  influences,  would 
be  made  attractive  and  pleasant.  The 
dens  of  vice  in  the  cities  would  be  de- 
prived of  much  of  their  malign  influ- 
ence. Homes  would  be  sought  after 
by  thousands  who  now  live  in  squalor 
in  tenement  houses  in  the  cities.  In 
short,  through  government  aid  in  the 
establishment  of  good  roads,  every 
phase  and  every  feature  of  business, 
social  and  educational  life,  would  be 
immeasurably   advanced. 


YOUR  MONEY  BACK  IF  YOU'RE 
XOT  SATISFIED. 
Do  you  suppose  that  a  company,  with 
a  capital  of  $500,000.00  paid  in  full 
and  the  proud  reputation  of  thirty-six 
years  of  continuous  success,  would 
make  such  an  offer  and  not  carry  it 
out  to  the  letter?  Do  you  suppose  we 
would  jeopardize  our  standing  with 
the  public  and  our  chances  of  still 
greater  success  by  failing  to  fulfil  any 


MEADOWVALE  FARM 

OFFERS  Fi^R  SALE  SOME  CHOICE 

JERSEY  and  GUERNSEY  CATTLE, 
BERKSHIRE  SWINE.  WHITE  WY- 
ANDOTTES,  BARRED  PLYMOUTH 
ROCKS  and  WHITE  LEGHORNS. 

The  catile  offered  consist  of  Young  Cows, 
Yearling  Heiiers,  Heifer  and  Bull  Otlves  and 
Bulla  old  enough  for  service.  Berkshireaof  all 
ages  and  both  sexes.  The  poultry  is  all  fine 
breeding  st(H*k  and  healthy. 

Meadowvale  Farm  has  won  In  the  past  tbre* 
years  over  600  First  and  Special  Prizes  at  the 
Leading  Fairs  and  Expositions;  Including, 
New  Y'ork,  Boston,  Philadelphia,  Higerstown, 
Pan-.Muerican  and  Charleston.  Foi-  Descrip- 
tion, Pedigree  and  Prices,  address 
LEWIS  E.  BENEDICT.  Prop. ,  Lutherville,  Md. 


ELLERSLIE  FARM-^.-^. 
Thoroughbred  Horses 

AND  SHORTHOnN  G&TTLE, 

Pure  Southdown  Sheep 
.  and  Berkshire  Pigs. 

?0B  Sale.        B.  J.  HANCOCK  &  SON, 
Charlottesville,  Va. 

EAST  RIVER  SIDE 

SHORTHORNS 

FOR  sA.r.E:. 

Two  red  heifer  calves  to  be 
shippei  about  May  1st. 
Address 
JAMES  F.  ILEMMER,  -  Snmmerdean,  Va 

COOK'S  CREEK   HERD, 

Scotch-Topped 
Shorthorns  ^^ 

Herd  Headed   by  Governor  Tyler,  158518 
Young  Bulls  and  Heifers  for  sale.    Inspection 
and  correspondence  invited, 
HEATWOLE  &  SUTER,  Dale  Enterprise,  Va, 

SHORTHORN  BULL  CALVES  from  3  lo  10 
mos.  old.  Close  desceudauls  <)f  the  World's 
Fair  greatest  winners  In  18!1.3,  and  also  up 
lothepreeuttime.  POLAND-CHINA  PIGS 
of  the  best  and  most  'ashlonable  breeding. 
Pedigrees  furnished  with  all  stock  sold. 
Eggs  for  hatching  from  M.  B.  TURKEYS 
ano  B.  P.  ROCKS.    Come  .  r  Write. 

WM.  T.  THRASHER,    -    Springwood,  Va. 


VIRGINIA  VALLEY  HERO 

Of  Reffistered  Shorthorn  Cattle. 

Choice  yoangbull,c>ws.and  heifers  bred. 

Also  Foland-China  Hogs  and  Barred 

Plymouth  Rock  Chickens. 

Prices  Reasonable. 

HENRY  BLOSSER,  Harkisosbcro,  Va. 


P.  Chinas 

Berkshire, 
C.  Whites.  Fine  large 
strains.  All  ages,  mated 
not  akin,  8  week.  pigs. 

Bred  sows.  Service  boars  '  _    _  _    _ 

and  Poultry.  Write  for  prlcesandfreecircular. 
P.  F.  HAMILTON,  CochranvlUe,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. 


l'.()3] 

1 VIII 1 1 1 1 1  e 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


I  I  I  i  I  I  I  I  I  i 


281 

hTTThiT^ 


ENGLISH  STOCKMEN  LIKE 

3  PEEDS  m  ONE  CENT 


WESTON  COYNEY  HALL. 
Nr.  Longton. 


Staffordshire,  England. 


International  Stock  Food  Co., 
Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Dkar  Sirs: — I  have  pleasure  in  handing  you  remittance  to  cover 
your  invoice  for  "International  Stock  Food.'*  I  have  given  it  a  thorough  trial  on 
my  horses,  both  drivers  and  draft,  and  I  find  it  justifies  all  you  claim  for  it  in 
every  way.  All  my  stock  are  in  exceptional  condition  this  year  and  this  I 
attribute  to  the  use  of  *'  Internationftl  Stock  Food."  I  tender  you  my  sympathy 
for  the  loss  you  have  sustained  by  the  death  of  Online  2:04,  a  loss  which  will 
be  felt  by  the  whole  of  your  district.  I  had  great  success  in  tny  experiment  of 
crossing  the  French  Coach  Horse  with  the  American  Trotter,  the  result  being  a 
fine  heavy  harness  horse.     I  am,  sirs,  Yours  faithfully, 

F.  J.  RIDGWAY. 

We  will  Pay  you  $1,000  CASH  to  Prove  that  our  Testimoaials  are  not  Genuine. 

"INTERHATIORAL  STOCK  FOOD"  ^^3  #£EDS  vos  0IT1S  CENT=gS  ta  Prepared  ffOM  Rooto,  H»rbs,  Sceda  and  Barks  andWcn  the  Eigheet  M«dal  at  Paris  Eipositioa  In  1900*9* 
High-Cla^B  vegetable,  medicinal  preparation  to  bo  fed  to  itock  in  aiuall  amounts  as  an  nddltion  to  the  regular  feed.  It  fa  a  Great  Aid  in  Growing  or  Fattening  stock  beoauia  W 
Incretues  the  appetit*  and  Aids  DiRcetioti  and  Asntrailation  bo  that  each  animal  obtains  morg  nutrition  from  tho  grain  eaten.  We  positively  guarantee  thnt  its  use  will  make  yoa 
•itra  money  over  the  osual  Plan  of  Growing  and  Fattening  otcck.     international  SLoek  FooJ"  can  bo  fed  in  aafoty  t»  Horssi,  Cattle,  Shesp,  Qoats.   Hogs,  Colts,  Calvee,  Lambs  or  Pigj. 

' "  ~  -       .     .  .        enting  medicinal  ingredients  wilhyonrUwBfoodat  every  meal.    Salt  i«  a  stomach  tome  and  worm 

■Ungredienta  almost  with  every  mouthful  of  your 
_.  o,._-..  m.-.    J..  _   _  ^_-  g  vegetahlo  medicinal 


I  Systei 
irdisare 

)  health  a 


medicine,  Pcppei 

foed,  and  it  i*  proven  tnat 

iBfrediontB  that  arejustftss     .  „___.._ 

ia  endorsed  by  Every  High  Class  Farm  Paper.  Itpnrifics  the  blood,  sti_. 
Btoek  F»o<"  Is  boM  on  a  "Spot  Cash  tiaaraatee"  by  Vitiy  Thousai 
It  will  mak*  yonr  Pin  or  Ho^  grow  Amactaslr  and  has  the  large: 
iKlUtloo*  !    So  Chembt  Ma  Hpu-at«  *U  tbe  OUTerent  powdered  Hot 


dy  for  dyspepsia.  Vinegar  is  a  diuretic.     You  eat'these  mod 
strength  for  people  and  improve  their  digestion.    "International  Stock  Food 
gular  feed  of  your  stock  if  you  desire  to  keep  them  in  tbo  beslposaiblo  conditii 


nd  permanently  a 

throughoQt  ih©  World.      0r\oTiT't,loue- 

■     -    ••  -  rovsnlmgH.-  h 

no;    Any  One  i 


hod 

Gftle  in  tha  World  for . 

,  Uerb^,  Barks  and  Seeds  that 


i  that  c 

viU\  be  Prorr 


iaterDatlunal  8took  Food' 
9  prevented  or  cured.  "International 
tly  pLefunded  in  Any  case  of  failara. 
ware  of  the  many  Cheap  and  Inferior 


A  SMOMa  STOGIi  B(M>K^^ f  ^^^ 


IT  CONTAINS  183  LARGE  ENGIAVINGS  OF  flORSES.  CATTLE,  SHEEP,  POULTRY,  ETC. 

A*  CaTer  of  this  Book  it  a  Beaatiful  Live  Stock  Picture  ^Prlote^  in  Six  BrIUlBBt  C-olort.  Book  is  6k  by  9}.j.  See  engraTtngfor 
greatly  reduced  design  of  cover.  It  ecat  ds  $300U  to  have  our  Artists  and  KngraTers  make  thesb  life 
Engravings.  This  Book  contains  a  Finely  Illustrated  Veterinary  department  tbat  will  S«Te  Yon  HnadredB 
of  Vollars.  It  dcscrihea  common  Diseases,  and  tells  how  to  treat  thom.  It  also  gives  Description, 
History  and  Illustrations  of  the  Different  Breeds  of  Boraes,  Cuttle,  Sheep,  Goats,  Hogs  and  Poultry. 


Itc 


testit 


Dgo  of  mimy  very  noted  Animals.     Tbe  £dltgr  Of  TUa  Fapfr 


Will  Tell  You  That  You  Ought  To  Have  This  Book  In   Tour  Library  For  K^fet 

$10.0O  CASH.  w«  will  BendyoE.  IF  BOOK  IS  NOT  AS  STATED. 

nts  Book  HaUed  Free,  FMtof  e  Prapald,  If  Tea  WrUd  Ca  (letter  or  postal)  aad  Answer  Theee  2  QsmUou: 

lat.— nauie  This  Paper.        M.— Bow  Kne h  Stock  Bava  Tm  t 
Write  QB  t«day  for  book. 


Largest  Stock  Food  Factory  in  the  World. 

Capital  Paid  in,  $1,000,000. 
We  Occupy  62,000  Feet  of  Floor  Space, 


loterogtioGal  Stock  Feoii  Co., 


BUI.,  C.  a.  A.    „!,,,  £,„„  Firmer,  uid  Stockm.a. 


T E Sn^ «  3fWOSE2BONE  ©ENT i^Si 


EN"T1HEI_V 

AT  OUR  PI  SK. 


1 11 1  r  1  n  TiTri  li  n  » n  » 1 8 1 !  I  I n I M  n II 1 1 1 1 1 II I  a  I i 1 1 1 II I II 1 1 1 II 


'sa 


Swift  Creek  Stock  and  Dairy  Farm 

Has  for  sale  a  large  uum* 
ber  of  nice  young  regis- 
tered A.  J.  C.  C. 

JERSEY  BULLS 
AND  HEIFERS. 

None  better  bred  In  the  South.  Combining 
<jl06ely  the  most  noted  and  up-to-date  blooS 
in  America.  Bulls  10  to  12  months  old,  125.00. 
Heifers,  same  age,  SS.'i.OO.  POLAND-CHINA 
PIGS,  85.00  each.  Send  check  and  get  what 
yon  want. 

T.  P.  BRASVVELL,  Prop..  Battleboro,  N.  C. 

lyrshires,  Berkshirss  and  Oxford-Downs. 

Ayrsi  ire  calves  ol  both  sexes,  Berkshire 
pigs  and  boar,  and  2  Oxford-Down  Rams  For 
Sale.  MELROSE  C4STLE  FARM, 

ENDS  H.  HESS,  Manager,  Casanova,  Va. 

FiLMI^teteiT^ngus  Cattle 

Choice  breeding.    Registered  bulls  ready  for 
service.  Address  A.  D.  PARR,  care  A.  G.  PARR, 
Jeffersonton,  Va. 


promise  we  make?  Do  you  suppose  we 
would  make  such  an  offer  if  we  did  not 
have  the  utmost  confidence  in  the  sat- 
isfying quality  of  our  goods?  We 
know  we  can  please  you  and  save  you 
money,  for  Hayner  Whiskey  goes  di- 
rect from  our  distillery  to  you,  carries 
a  United  States  Registered  Distiller's 
Guarantee  of  purity  and  age,  and  saves 
you  the  big  profits  of  the  dealers.  Read 
our  offer  elsewhere  in  this  paper. 

The  Hatneb  Distillinq  Co. 


A  DUST  SPRATBR. 
Among  the  numerous  Sprayers  ad- 
vertised with  us  from  time  to  time, 
we  do  not  recall  that  a  Dust  Sprayer 
has  ever  been  offered  our  readers. 
This  month,  however,  we  have  the 
card  of  the  Dust  Sprayer  Mfg.  Co., 
and  to  which  we  invite  attention. 
This  Sprayer  will  be  found  useful  in 
applying  all  dust  and  powder  insec- 
ticides to  trees,  plants,  etc. 


ANGUS  BULL  CALVES 

Registered  and  unrecorded.  Stock  flrstr 
class,  and  breeding  the  beet. 

SHROPSHIRE  SHEEP 

First  class  yearling  rams,  and  ewes  of 
all  ages.   Several  FINE  FARMS  for  sale. 

WARREN  RICE,    -    Winchester,  V«. 

FOR    SAX.E. 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS  BULL. 

"Carlos  of  the  Wells"  279.58:  Also  some 

nice  Cows  and  Heifers. 

WM.  B.  iWACOREOOR         .         Avon,  Va. 

~~         0.  I.  C.  PIGS 

FROM  REG.  STOCK. 
FOR  SALE.  PRICES  RIGHT. 

F.  S.  MICHIE,       -      Charlottesvilte,  Va. 


282 


THE  ^OU^HEKN  PLANTER. 


[April 


FEMALE   INVENTORS. 

I  believe  there  is  a  general  impres- 
sion that  women  are  lacking  in  the 
inventive  faculty,  but  this  impression 
or  theory  may  be  controverted  by  the 
fact  that  the  Patent  Office  has  issued 
one  bound  volume  and  two  hand-books 
Betting  forth  separately  the  inventions 
of  women.  True,  we  do  not  find  in 
this  list  a  female  Arkwright,  Whitney, 
Rumsey,  or  Morse;  nevertheless,  these 
female  inventors  have  contributed  to 
the  service  of  the  world  many  use- 
ful and  valuable  contrivances,  saving 
labor  and  promoting  comfort  and  con- 
venience; nor  are  feminine  inven- 
tions connned  solely  to  household 
conveniences.  Amongst  them  we  find 
Bteam  boilers,  baling  presses,  fire 
escapes,  car  wheels,  hospital  beds,  and 
improvements  in  pyrotechnic  night  sig- 
nals. Perhaps  the  most  remarkable  of 
the  female  inventors  is  Madame  Cos- 
tin,  inventor  of  the  famous  Costin 
signals.  Her  husband  had  made  some 
experiments  on  the  line  of  night  sig- 
nals, and  after  his  death  she  took  up 
the  work,  and  by  dint  of  patient  and 
Intelligent  labor  finally  perfected  a 
code  containing  well  defined  combina- 
tions of  three-colored  lights— red, 
■white,  and  green — indicating  the  nu- 
merals, and  by  this  method  a  number 
of  signals  may  be  conveyed.  During 
the  Civil  War  these  signals  were  em- 
ployed to  advantage,  and  since  then 
they  have  been  adopted  by  different 
European  governments.  They  are 
also  valuable  in  the  life-saving  ser- 
vice. 

Miss  Emma  J.  Hughes,  daughter  of 
the  inventor  Hughes,  seems  to  have  in- 
herited her  father's  talent,  and  is  not 
only  an  inventor,  but  a  practical  busi- 
ness woman,  visiting  the  shops  almost 
daily  to  superintend  the  making  of 
models  and  construction  and  master- 
ing every  detail  of  her  work.  She  has 
made  about  ten  inventions,  not  all  of 
which,  however,  are  on  the  market. 
The  best  known  of  these  is  the  adjust- 
able table  attached  to  the  bed  for  the 
use  of  invalids,  or  to  the  chair  for 
various  other  purposes,  and  this  in- 
vention is  used  in  the  hospitals  of  the 
War  Department,  in  the  Marine  Hos- 
pital, and  in  schools  and  homes. 

The  wife  of  ex-Senator  Henderson, 
writer,  artist,  and  patron  of  art,  is 
also  the  Inventor  of  an  extremely  use- 
ful and  popular  bicycle  seat.  Mrs. 
Henderson  is  a  thorough  business  wo- 
man and  practical  machinist.  She 
was  a  frequent  visitor  at  the  shops 
while  her  invention  was  being  con- 
structed, and  showed  excellent  judg- 
ment in  the  selection  of  forms  and 
materials. 

Harriet  Hosmer,  the  sculptor,  dis- 
covered the  process  of  making  mar- 
bis  from  limestone,  and  a  Lima  girl 
found  the  way  to  extract  1,000  feet 
of  gas  from  one  barrel  of  Lima  oil. 

Mrs.  Theodore  Blrney,  so  well  known 
as  the  originator  of  "the  Mothers'  Con- 
gress"    movement,    has    devised    and 


A  GIRLCAN  RUN  IT 


^\s. 


jittnost  anyone  can  run  a 

Piano  'Binder 

It*s  simple;  free  from  needless  compU- 
catious;  has  haudy  operating  levers;  works 
easily  every  way. 

For  over  twenty  years  our  experts  have 
studied  this  machine;  planned  out  a  rigid 
and   enduring   frame;    discovered    how   to 
use  a  lever  in  place  of  several  corj-whecls; 
qtiipped   the   reel  with    a   self-jicting 
'ction  clutch  which  prevents  break- 
age; applied  the  stored  power 
of    a    self-regulating    fly-wheel 
to   equalize    the  draft; 
perfected  the  simplest 
Knotter  yet  devised,  one 
that  holcfs  the  world's 
record  for  accurflte  tving. 
In  short,  they  have  fitted 
this  machine  for  the  great- 
est practical   field  servica 
anywhere. 

The  Piano  catalogue  de- 
scribes it.  and  tells  about 
some  other  interesting 
cash  and  labor  sav'ers;  ask 
for  a  copy. 

PLANO  DIVISION 

International  Harvester 
Company  of   America 

CHICAGO,    ILLINOIS 


SUNNY    HOME    HERD  OF 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS    CATTLE. 

BARON  ROSEBOY  (The  great  son  of  the  vi'orld-famous 
QAY  BLACKBIRD)  in  service. 

Nearly  all  thfi  leaiing  families  of  the  breed  represented  by  females  sired  by  the 
mo3t  famous  bulls  of  the  age.  Wechallenge  comparia  on  both  as  to  individual  excel- 
lence and  pedigree.  Another  car  of  grand  cows  just  arrived,  personally  pelected 
from  one  of  the  best  herds  in  central  Illinois.  The  tops  out  of  one  hundred  head. 
Six  animals  of  the  same  family  and  strain  as  ROSEGAY  (for  two  years  the  champion 
of  Ameiica),  others  equally  good.  All  young  stuflFof  weauing  age  sold  ;  am  booking 
oniers  for  future  delivery. 

Write  your  wants ;  we  are  bound  to  please  you. 
—  ^     L.    FRENCH.  Proprietor.  Fitzqeralo.  N.  O. 

Rockingham  Co.,  24  miles  south-west  of  Danville,  Ta.,  on  D.  k  W.  Ry. 


Products  are  Good 
FOR    SALE 

ice  Bred  A.  J.  G.  G.  Bull  Gaivas 

Yirite  tor  descriptive  circular.  General  OfBces,  520  &.  534  N.  Calvert  Street,  Baltimore,  Md. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANIER. 


283 


patented  something  for  the  comfort 
of  the  little  ones — the  "catch-all  bib." 
It  was  a  woman  (naturally  and  prop- 
erly) who  invented  the  baby  carriage, 
realizing  about  $50,000  from  her  in- 
vention; but,  I  am  sorry  to  say,  I 
have  not  been  able  to  ascertain  her 
name.  Doubtless,  too,  it  was  a  wo- 
man who  invented  the  safety  pin, 
which  has  been  such  a  boon  to  babies 
and  saved  their  little  tender  flesh  from 
so  many  cruel  scratches  which  com- 
mon pins  would  have  inflicted.    • 

The  first  native  born  American  wo- 
man to  take  out  a  patent  was  Agda- 
lene  Goodman,  of  Florida,  who  devised 
an  improvement  in  broom   brushes. 

The  first  female  name  that  occurs 
on  the  records  of  the  Patent  Office  is 
that  of  Mary  Kies,  inventor  of  the  art 
of  weaving  straw  with  silk  or  thread, 
but  she  was  foreign-born.  The  straw 
industry  was  founded  in  1798  by  Miss 
Betsy  Metcalf,  and  tradition  says  she 
wove  the  first  bonnet  from  only  seven 
straws.  A  Chicago  woman  invented 
the  paper  water  pail,  and  a  clever  wo- 
man made  a  fortune  by  the  invention 
of  a  glove  buttoner.  Miss  Carrie  Hurl- 
but,  of  Washington  city,  is  the  inven- 
tor of  an  accordion  pleater,  and  is 
now  engaged  on  an  invention  des- 
tined to  be  of  great  use  to  the  shoe 
trade. 

Amongst  recent  female  inventors, 
honorable  mention  should  be  given  to 
Mrs.  E.  C.  Bell,  of  Washington,  who 
has  invented  a  telephone  mouthpiece 
and  holder,  and  to  Mrs.  Mary  Baker, 
who  has  Invented  a  practical  fire 
escape. 

At  the  Atlanta  Exposition  there  was 
a  special  department  for  the  inven- 
tions of  women,  and  this  was  not  the 
least  interesting  feature  of  the  occa- 
sion. Edison  has  been  quoted  as  say- 
ing that  "he  prefers  women  machin- 
ists for  the  details  of  his  electrical  In- 
ventions, as  he  thinks  they  have  a 
more  delicate  perception  of  machinery 
than  men." 

The  female  Inventors  who  have 
gone  on  record  are  about  200  in  num- 
ber. 

Errata  to  be  corrected  in  my  two 
articles  on  "Inventions  Which  Brought 
Wealth,"  published  respectively  in  the 
February  and  March  numbers  of 
The  Southern  Planter: 

Dr.  Bell  offered  a  half  interest  In 
his  telephone  to  John  A.  Logan  for 
$2,500.00  (twenty-five  hundred  dol- 
lars), not  125.00. 

W.  M.  Jenne,  of  Ilion,  N.  Y.,  was 
the  inventor  of  the  typewriter,  not 
W.  M.  Jenrie,  of  Ilvin,  N.  Y. 

Maey   Washington. 


COLLIE  PUPS! 

By  prize- winning  Imported  sires  and  trained 
dsma.  Eligible.  Fit  for  bench,  ranch  or  form. 
Prlee,  JIO,  either  »ex.  Also  a  book  on  the  car* 
»nd  training  of  the  Ck)llle  for  all  practical  ages. 
Price,  60c.  Copy  of  book  free  to  pnrohaaer  of 
OoUle. 

Stock  Fann,  "MAPLEMONT,"  Albany,  Ver. 


DEAL  DIRECT  ^{?e"  FACTORY 

.-n't  I  ;iy  r-'tsin  v;i'''?  f'r"  carriages  or  harness.  ■N\'rlte  for  our  catalogue  and 
■n  iiiioiil  our  sysifiu  ot  Meliin:^  liiri'ct  from  factory  to  customer.  T\vo  jiraiUs 
Ba^•t•^l  toyou.  Satisfaction  is  t,'iiaranteed,  or  you  can  return  the  purtliuae 
I  « «■  w  ill  pay  freliiht  charges  belli  ways.  We  have  the  largest  as^-'urtment 
»u-'^!.  s,  Rurifys,  pbxions.  carriages,  and  other  high  grade  vehicles. 
I  as  h.irness.  horse  iiiiri  and  other  horse  accessories,  In  America, 
iio  f ■  r  the  caiulogue  to-day. 

THE  COLUMBUS  CARRIAGE  &  HARNESS  COMPANY, 
Factory  ar.d  General  Office.  COLUMBUS.  0.  \       Write  to 

stern  Office  and  Distributing  House.  ST,  LOUIS,  MO. /nearest  office. 


^30  YEARS  SELLING  DIRECT 

TSest  manufacturers  of  Vehicles  and  Harness  in  the 
A'orld  selling  to  consumers  exclusively. 
WE    HAVE    NO    AGENTS 

but  bLip  anywhere  for  examination, 
guaranteeing  safe  dpliv- 
ery  You  are  out  nothing 
If  not  satisfied.  We  make 
195  styles  of  vehicles  and 
65  styles  of  harness. 
Visitors  are  always  welcome 
atourf»ctor>-. 
I.       Lar^e  Catnhgue  FREE. 

^KHART  CARRIAGK  &  HARNESS  MFG.  CO.,  Elkh'^,  Ind. 


JERSEY  GATTLE,^^ 

Bred  from  high-testing  St.  Lambert  Cows. 

LARGE  YORKSHIRE  HOGS. 

The  BACON  BREED  now  leading  all  other  breeds  for  making 
high-priced  bacon. 

IIVDIAN  OAMES— The  king  of  table  fowls. 

WHITE  WTAIVDOTTES— The  best  general-purpose  fowl. 

WHITE  liEGHORlVS^All  sold  out. 
Address 

BOin£7WTOWT   F=3=tR7wrS.   Shlbtvi.  \Ltk. 


We  Have  Some  EXTRA  CHOICE 

Berkshire  Boar  Pigs 

READY  FOR  SHIPMENT,  AND  OTHERS 
raj  SOON  TO  BE  READY. 

g]  THEY  ARE  FINE.  AND  FROH  PROLIFIC  SOWS 

p  7,  9  AND  13  TO  LITTER. 

I  POREST  HOME  PARM^     -     Purcellvllle,  Vo. 


HOLSTEINS  THAT  PAY. 

Purchasers  are  offered  selections  from  our  herd,  both  male  and  female ; 
our  cows  are  of  the  leading  strains,  including  De  Kols,  Pauline  Pauls,  Mech- 
thildes.  Hengervelds,  Netherlands,  Aggies,  etc.,  etc.  They  are  11  we'll  bred 
and  milking  from  40  to  65  lbs.  per  day.  Herd  headed  by  Ury  ALWINA 
Count  Paul  De  Kol  and  DeKol  29  Butter  Boy  3rd  No  2. 

THOS.  FASSiTT  &  SONS,      Ury  Stock  Farm,     Svlmar,  Md. 


When  you  write  to  an  advertiser,  always  say  you  saw  the  adver- 
tisement in  THE  SOUTHEBN  FLANTEB. 


284 


THE  SOUTH  EKN  PLANTER. 


[April 


TUE  JOY  OF  WORKING. 

Think  not,  Sir  Manof-Leisure,  as 
you  peep  lazily  through  your  heavily 
curtained  window  at  the  scurrying  7 
o'clock  crowd  on  the  way  to  its  daily 
toil,  that  you  have  the  best  of  it  be- 
cause you  can  snuggle  back  beneath 
your  luxurious  covering  and  sleep  un- 
til Jeems  or  Meadows  brings  your 
morning  coffee  and  paper  and  asks  if 
you  prefer  the  Yellow  Dragon  or  the 
Green  Devil  for  your  forenoon  spin. 

Do  not  lay  the  flattering  unction  to 
your   soul   that   yours   is   the   happier 

iot. 

Yonder  youth  with  swinging  step, 
with  fists  dug  deep  into  the  pockets 
of  his  thread-bare  coat  and  a  cold 
luncheon  wrapped  in  paper  tucked  be- 
neath his  arm,  tastes  a  finer,  sweeter 
joy  than  all  your  luxury  can  bring. 

His  is  the  pleasure  of  incentive — 
the  glory  of  work. 

For  there  is  a  zest  to  it  all.  The 
quick  spring  from  bed  at  the  alarm 
clock's  summons,  the  hastily-swallowed 
breakfast,  then  out  into  the  wine-like 
air  of  early  morning.  To  it'orA— vig- 
orous work  of  brain  or  brawn,  whether 
It  be  pegging  away  at  a  desk  or  di- 
recting the  eternal  grind  of  clanking 
machinery. 

It  is  occupation — accomplishment! 

Do  not  pity  these  work-a-day  folk. 
Save  your  sympathy  for  the  hapless 
and  hopeless  idle  fellows — the  unfortu- 
nates or  unwillings,  alike  commiser- 
able. 

Joy  goes  with  the  working  masses. 
There  Is  joy  in  the  noonday  luncheon, 
whether  in  a  gilded  cafe  or  a  cold 
snack  hastily  devoured  "before  the 
whistle  blows." 

The  evening  meal  is  a  feast  to  the 
weary  man,  and  his  well-earned  rest  is 
the  greatest  joy  of  all. 

Hard  work  is  the  best  of  all  cures 
for  Insomnia. 

Thank  God  you  can  work! 

Though  your  office  labor  strains 
your  nerves  and  racks  your  brain; 
though  the  "shop"  takes  the  best  of 
your  strength  and  vitality,  be  glad 
to  be  living,  an  active  part  of  the 
working  world. 

You  must  earn  your  amusements  be- 
fore you  can  enjoy  them.  Ennui  has 
no  part  in  the  strenuous  life. 

Be  glad,  for  conscience  sake,  that 
you  are  not  one  of  those  most  misera- 
ble of  all  men,  a  fellow  without  a  job — 
a  human  machine  standing  idle,  rust- 
ing and  losing  its  value  from  disuse. 

Thank  Ood  you  can  work  I 

When  sorrow  and  grief  come,  when 
you  seek  to  forget,  to  crush  out  cruel 
thoughts,  thank  God  that  you  can  ab- 
sorb yourself  in  your  occupation, 
plunge  deep  Into  the  details  of  your 
duty. 

Thank  Ood  that  you  can  work — 
that  you  can  grasp  your  pay  envelope 
and  say:  "This  is  mine — the  rightful 
pay  for  the  labor  of  my  brain,  the  just 
earnings  of  my  strong  right  arm." 


There  is  no 

record  of  a 

iFARQUHARBOILERl 

1  having  exploded  [ 


The  BEST  Threshing  Outfit 


for  a  tlin';*Iienii!tn  lu  I'lij 
A.f.V.V  I'lIKbMll.NUi. 
iiiailc  in  sizes  4  h.  p.  aittl  u. 
Kasy  steamers  iiiid  develo] 
bnike  ar»d  two  injectoi 
si/cr  for  Mierrlmnt  tl 


for  a  faniMT  to  use  is  tliePurqahnr  Celebrated 
INKaiuMliet-  VKUlllAKMKiVVKATUK.  Engines 
iiKlcoinUaie  tlie  adTaiitaKesof  nil  anocessful  engines, 
iiure  tliau  raietlhorio- power.    }hive  driver's  Beat,  loot- 

sKFARATORSorallBlrleMand     -^ 

Farquliar 


■!lV 


■X 


^mL  A.  B.  Farquhar  Co.,  Ltd 

^"■^^SB  YORK,  pa.  -" 


RUMSBY=WILL1AMS  COMPANY 


'■jyawynji,!*'**'-' 


QASOLIINK    ENGINES    and 
GRAIN  THRESHERS. 

ST.  JOHNSVILLE,   NEW  YORK. 


SIR  JOHN  BULL  and  UNCLE  SAM 

Have  become  ao  famous  that  I  found  a  multiplication  of  their  progeny 
necessary  to  the  filling  of  orders;  hence  I  have  added  a  large 

number  of  purest-bred  Imported  and 
American  Sows,  not  akin  to  my  old  herd, 
and  most  of  them  now  in  farrow  to  Im- 
ported Berkshire  Boars  of  a  new  strain. 

HUNTINQ  DOQS  and  PUPS  FOR  SALB. 

A   DURHAH  BULL  CALF,  a  picture, 
cheap.     Write  for  particulars. 

THOS.  S.  WHITE,  Fassifern  Stock  Farm,  Lexington,  Ta. 


|»v^^l^^^v^^^v^^^»^v% 


ECCS  for  HATCHING 

Froiij  Fowls  of  High  Merit,  Fresh,  and  a  Good  Hatch 
Guaranteed  of  the  following  varieties : — 

PLYMOUTH  ROCKS,  BROWN  LEGHORNS,  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

and  PEKIN   DUCKS  at  $i.oo  per  sitting  of  15. 

BRONZE  TURKEY  Eggs,  $3  per  doz. 

Jertey  and  Guernsey  Cattle  and  Berkshire  Pigs.     Four  handsome 
Great  Danes  and  three  Fox  Terrier  Puppies. 


M.  B.  ROWE  <&  CO. 


Fredericksburg.  Va. 


EASTERN  SHORE  POULTRY  FARM. 

S.  C  WHITE,  BROWN  and  BUPF  LEGHORNS. 

THE  EGG  MACHINES  OF  POULTRYDOM. 

The  record  at  euch  shows  as  Washington,  D.  C,  Philadelphia  and  New  York  proves 

the  quality  of  my  stock  is  second  to  none.     I  always  breed  my  winners. 

Correspondece  cheerfully  answered. 

A.   O.   VAN  DEM  AN,  lebhorn  specialist,         Parksley,  Va. 


When  corresponding  with  advertisers,  say  you  saw  their  adver- 
tisement in  the  Southern  Planter. 


1903.J 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


285 


BILTMORE  FARMS.   -    Biltmore,  N.  C. 

Headquarters  for  GOLVEN  LAD  JERSEYS, 

Also  get  of  TREY  ARTE  and  GEN.  MARIGOLD,     j^    j^    j^ 

GOLDEN  LAD'S  SUCCESSOR,   First  and  Bweepatakes  over  all  at  the  Pan-American   Exposition,  the 

champion  JERSEY  BULL  OF  AMERICA,  and  out  of  Golden  Ora,  our  great  prize-winning  cow,  both 

born  and  developed  on  these  Farms,  is  among  our  service  bulls. 

Biltmore  Jerseys   are  a  combination  of  large  and   persistent  milking  qualities  with  an  individuality 

that  wins  in  the  show  ring. 
SPECIALTY.     Write  for  descriptive  circular  of  the  best  lot  of  young  bull  calves  ever  offered,  both  for  breed 

ing  and  individuality.     They  are  by  noted  sires  and  out  of  large  and  tested  select* d  dams     Many  r>f  thnge 

calves  are  fit  to  show  and  win  in  any  company. 


J«    J« 


BILTMORE  POULTRY  YARDS. 


j»  j» 


SPECIALTY.  Write  for  descriptive  circular  of  eggs  from  our  prize- winning  pens.  Over  50  yards  to  select 
from,  made  up  of  the  winners  at  the  leading  shows  for  the  last  two  seasons.  If  you  want  winners  yon 
must  breed  from  winnera 

Headquarters  for  the  best  IMPORTED  ENGLISH  BERKSHIRES. 

APPLY  TO  BILTMORE  FARMS,  BILTMORE.  N.  O. 


IMPFRIfll  FRUIT  AND  POULTRY  FARM 

Is  now  booking  orders  for  Eggs  from  the  best  strains  and  careful  matings  of 

Barred  Buff  and  White  PIvmouth  Rocks, 

Silver-Laced  and  White  Wvandottes, 

S.  C.  B.  Leghorns  and  Mammoth  Pekin  Ducks, 

AT  S1.00  PER  SITTING. 
EGGS  FROM  BLACK  DEVIL  PIT  GAMES. 

Never  known  to  run.    The  grittiest  of  all  games.     $2   per  Sitting-     We  give  15  Chicken  and  13  Duck  Eggs  for  sitting. 

Offer  Fifty  Barrels  White  French  or  Jerusalem  Artichokes  at  $2.50  per  3  bus.  bbl. 

The  cheapest  of  all  hog  feeds.  I  raised  500  bushels  on  one  acre  of  only  fair  land.  Order  at  once.  Write  name  and 
address  plainly.  Remember,  the  express  is  no  more  on  2  or  3  sittings  than  on  one.  Refer  to  Augusta  National  Bank 
and  former  patrons.    Satisfaction  guaranteed  or  money  refunded. 

P.  H.  HEYDENREICH,    -   Staunton,  Va. 


286 


THE  SOCTHERN'  PLANTER. 


[April 


Be  thankful,  employer  as  well  as  em- 
ployee, for  the  joj'  of  working. 

Tou  know  the  pleasure  of  It. 

Do  not  deceive  yourself  by  the  prom- 
ise (nine  times  in  ten  a  pleasant  lit- 
tle Action)  that  by-and-by  you  will  re- 
tire, ease  up,  end  your  life  in  idle 
luxury. 

The  business  game  is  not  alone  for 
the  pleasure  of  the  spoils,  but  for  the 
Joy  of  playing  it. 

What  the  world  may  call  greed  and 
avarice  you  know  to  be  the  fascina- 
tion of  success — the  intoxication  of  ac- 
complishment; and  it  will  keep  you 
untiringly  at  it — on  your  mettle  in 
the  battle— till  the  end   of  life. 

For   life   is   work. 

And  work  is  life. — D.  Herbert  Moore. 
in  Judiciou-^  Advertis i/ig. 


We  present  herewith  a  cut  of  the 
Empire  King  Spraying  Pump,  which 
Is  manufactured  by  our  advertising 
patrons,  the  Field  Force  Pump  Co., 
of  Elmira.  X.  Y.  These  people  are 
manufacturers  of  a  large  and  com- 
plete line  of  machinery,  apparatus,  and 
appliances  devoted  to  the  very  essen- 
tial and  necespary  practice  of  spray- 
ing. They  have  about  everything 
anybody  could  wish  in  this  line,  from 
the  small  bucket  sprayer  to  their  Or- 
chard Monarch,  which  is  a  large 
mounted  power  machine.  The  outfit, 
however,  which  is  something  of  a  spe- 
cialty with  them,  is  shown  here.    This 


'8  due  '  _  which 

may  h.  liability 

to  all  coil. lit i., lis  and  lo  all  classes  of 
work.  It  is  small  enough  and  lew 
enough  in  price  to  fit  the  needs  oC  the 
man  having  only  a  small  orchard, 
and  yet,  if  properly  handled,  it  will 
at  the  requirements  of  the  large  fruit 
grower. 

We  cannot  take  the  space  to  further 
describe  it,  hence  recommend  that  all 
those  who  are  interested  in  sprayins 
write  the  manufacturers  for  their 
printed  matter  on  this  subject.  They 
will  be  glad  to  mall  this  to  you.  with- 
out cost,  if  you  mention  this  paper  in 
writing. 


Mention  the  Souihern  Plonler  in  writing 


AN  ARMY  OF  15,000  DE.E,RING 
AGE.NTS    AT  YOUR   SERVICE. 

There  is  no  lo'wn  of  importance 
w^here  you  can  not  secure 

DEERING  LIGHT  DRAFT  HARVESTERS 

All  stanch,  reliable  machines  for  the  harvest 

binders       Headers       Header-Binders       Mowers       "Keapers       Corn   Binders 

Corn  ShocXers       HusXers  and  Shredders       "KaXes       Binder  Twine        Oil 


and  ask  for  a  copy 


Dcering  Division 

International  Harvester  Co.  of 

America,    Chicago 


At  WHOLESALE  or  RETAIL. 


65  Head  of  SHORTHORNS  (Durham) 

1-3  Registered;   1-3  Eligible;   l-3arades. 
CALVES,  YEARLINGS.  TWO-YEAR-OLDS,  COWS. 


The  head  of  the  herd  is  a  FANCY  B.^ED  BULL. 

TiiC  lot  will  be  sold  to  a  breeder  at  a  bargain.       Cattle  in  perlect  health. 

— THOS.   S.   WHITE,        -        LEXINGTON.  Va. 


"THE 
OAKS" 


SHORTHORNS 


FOR 
SALE 


2  Reg.  Bull  Calves;  2  RcfT.  Coss;  l  ihree-\ ear-old  Reg.  Bull  (immune)  raised  south 
of  Petersburg.  Va.     AM  right  in  every  particular. 


».  B.  BrCH.iX.4>\  Bedford  City,  Vh. 


Farmers  Mutual  Benefit  Association, 

A  Fire  Insurance  Association,  chartered  by  the  State  of  Virginia,  for 
farmers,  under  an  amended  and  well  protected  plan. 

Insures  in  counties  snrroumiing  and  actes;iible  tn  Richmond,  against  Fire  and 
Lightning,  only  (ouiitry  property — no  stores  o  •  unsafe  risks.  Policy  hoMers  amply 
secured-all  legitimate  losses  paid.  Average  cost  per  year  less  than  "other  plane,  and 
a  great  saving  to  farmers.  Amount  of  property  now  insured.  $330,00(1,  and  increasing 
yearly.     Estimated  security  in  real  and  ottier  estate,  J750  000. 

For  fiirther  information,  address,  CHAS.  N.  FRIEND,   General  Agent, 

mmHTiOH  TMia  jourhml.  CHeSTBR.  VIRGINIA. 


1903.1  THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER.  287 


.i^LAIDLAW'S^ 
CONCENTRATED  TOBACCO  POWDER, 

Sheep  Dip  and  Cattle  Wash. 

A  SURE  CURE  FOR  THE  EXTERHINATION  OF 

SCAB  AND  TICK  IN  SHEEP.  LICE  ON  HORSES  AND  CATTLE. 

LICE  ON  HOGS.  MANGE  ON  DOGS. 


Kills  all  vermin.     AUaya  all  irritation.     Promotes  growth  of  wool.     Makes  animal  feel  well  and  take  on  flesh. 

ABSOLUTELY  NON-POISONOUS. 

PRICES:    5 -lb.  bag,  75c. ;    10-lb.  bag,  $1.25  ;   25 -lb.  bag,  $2.60  ;   50-lb.  bag,  $5.00. 

One  50-lb.  bag  makes  500  gallons  Dip  for  Scab,  and  1,000  gallons  for  Tick,  etc. 

SOLE  MANUFACTURERS, 

LAIDLAW,  MAGKILL  &  CO.,  Limited,  Richmond,  Va.,  U.  S.  A 

To  be  had  at  all  leading  Drug  stores. 


f  Hackney  Stallion  Cismont, 

J^.   H.   S.   B.   399. 

IN    THE    STUD    AT    CISmONT    FARM, 

One  and  a  half  miles  from  Keswick,  Va.,  on  the  C.  &  0.  Railroad. 


-        Telephone  Connection  with  CHARLOTTESVILLE  and  RICHMOND,  VA. 


For  approved  mares,  $10.00  the  season  with  return  privilege,  or 

$15.00  to  insure. 


G.  S.  LINDENKOHL,  Owner,  Keswick,  Albemarle  Co.,  Va. 


288 


THE  SUUIHKRX  PI.ANiER. 


[A,„il 


UNEXPECTED  ANSWERS. 
A  man  who  answered  advertise- 
ments in  cheap  "story  papers"  has  had 
Borne  interesting  experiences.  He 
learned  that  by  sending  $1  to  a  Yan- 
kee he  could  get  a  cure  for  drunlten- 
liess.  And  he  did.  It  was  to  "take 
the  pledge,  and  keep  it."  Then  he 
sent  50  two-cent  stamps  to  find  out 
how  to  raise  turnips  successfully.  He 
found  out:  "Just  take  hold  of  the 
tops,  and  pull."  Being  young,  he 
wished  to  marry,  and  sent  34  one-cent 
stamps  to  a  Chicago  firm  for  Informa- 
tion as  to  how  to  make  an  impression. 
\Vhen  the  answer  came,  it  read:  "Sit 
down  on  a  pan  of  dough."  It  wa.s  a 
little  rough;  but  he  was  a  patient 
man,  and  thought  he  would  yet  suc- 
ceed. Next  advertisement  he  answer- 
ed read:  "How  to  double  your  money 
In  six  months."  He  was  told  to  con- 
vert his  money  into  bills,  fold  them, 
and  he  would  see  his  money  doubled. 
Next  he  sent  for  twelve  useful  house- 
hold articles,  and  he  got  a  package  of 
lieedles.  He  was  slow  to  learn,  so  he 
sent  |1  to  find  out  "How  to  get  rich." 
"Work  like  the  devil,  and  never  spend 
tl  cent."  And  that  stopped  him;  but 
his  brother  wrote  to  find  out  how  to 
write  a  letter  without  pen  or  ink. 
tie  was  told  to  use  a  lead  pencil.  He 
paid  |1  to  learn  how  to  live  without 
Work,  and  was  told  on  a  postal  card  to 
"Pish  for  suckers,  as  we  do." — From 
an  Exchange,  in  Our  Dumb  Animals. 


THE  HEALTH  OP  YOUR  HORSE. 

A  valuable  little  book  to  horsemen 
is  published  by  the  Newton  Horse 
Retnedy  Co.,  of  Toledo,  O.,  in  which 
symptoms  are  described  whereby  ail- 
ments can  be  recognized,  and  in  which 
remedies  and  treatment  are  given  for 
specific  diseases.  The  proprietors  have 
built  up  a  I'eputation  that  is  famous 
on  Dr.  Newton's  Heave,  Cough,  Dis- 
temper, and  Indigestion  Cure,  and 
they  will  be  pleased  to  send  the  book 
frfee  to  all  who  make  a  request  for  it. 


Farmer  Brighton,  of  Fairfield,  la., 
is  just  entering  upon  an  advertislns 
campaign  in  this  paper.  In  his  com- 
bination tool — the  Swine  V  to  prevent 
hogs  from  rooting.  Cattle  Dehorner, 
and  Stock  Marker — Farmer  Brighton 
has  something  which  other  farmers 
want  and  buy  liberally,  else  he  could 
not  afford  to  advertise  it.  His  ad., 
headed.  "No  Humbug,"  and  accom- 
panied by  a  cut,  shows  the  tool  and  a 
hog's  snout  operated  upon  to  show 
how  it  works.  Look  up  this  ad.,  if 
you  keep  hogs  or  have  occasion  to 
mark  or  dehorn. 


BUGGIES    FOR    THE    MILLION. 

The  opportunity  to  get  one  of  the 
famous  Split  Hickory  Vehicles  at  the 
low  prices  at  which  they  are  now 
offered  to  the  public  by  manufacturers 
Is  one  that  it  is  the  part  of  wisdom  to 
take  advantage  of.    Especially  is  this 


TWO  CROP  ESSENTIALS 

are  cultivation  and  keeping  down  weeds. 
More  important  than  deep  cultivation  is 
keeping:  the  surface  stirrea,  breaking  the 
crust  due  to  rains,  and  allowing  the  light, 
air,  moisture  and  warmth  to  penetrate 
<|uickly  to  the  roots  of  the  growing  plant. 
Kor  doing  just  these  things  the  ideal  imple- 
ment is  the 

Adjustable  Weeder 
and  Shallow  Cultivator. 

It  kills  the  weeds  at  first  showing,  the  top  soil  is  pulverized  and  kept  mellow,  the  plant 
roots  are  not  disturbed  and  the  moist  soil  is  not  brought  up  to  dry  in  the  sun.  Adjustable 
in  width.  Narrows  to  30  Inches,  widens  to  7^  feet.  Strong,  runs  steady,  no  cumbersome 
shafts.  Furnished  either  %\ith  round  teeth  or  with  flat  to  suit  different  soils,  as  we  are 
licensed  by  the  Hallock  Weeder  Company  to  use  their  famous  flat  teeth.  Weeder  booklet 
mailed  free.  We  also  make  10  styles  Corn  Planters,  12  styles  Cultivators,  20  styles  Corn  5hel- 
lerj,  hand  and  power,  Harrows,  Field  Rollers,  Feed  Cutters,  etc.    Write  for  catalogue  C. 

KEYSTONE  FARM  MACHINE  CO.,"  1554  N.  Beaver  St.,  York,  Pa. 


KEYSTONE 


Reg.  HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN 

CATTLE  of  the  Netherland,  De  Kol,  Clothilde,  Pietertje  and 

Artis  families.     Heavy  milkers  and  rich  in  butter  fat. 

Stock  of  all  ages  for  sale. 

RCQ.  BERKSHIRCS  From  noted  strains,  Imported  Headlight,  Lord 
Highclere  and  Sunrise. 

B.  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  CHICKENS^  Fifteen  Cockerels  for  salo. 

N.  and  W.  and  Bouthern  R.  R.  T.   O.    SANDY,    Burkevllle,  Va. 


POLAND  CHINA  BOARS 


THE  KIND  THAT  GETS  BIG. 

Send  your  check  and  we  will  tend  you  as  good  a  pig  as  money  will  buy 
anywhere,  hired  by  a  son  of  "  Proud  Perfection."  We  pay  the  expressage. 
No  guesswork  what  the  cost  will  be.  If  you  don't  like  the  pig.  give  It  a  good 
fteed,  send  ll  Back,  ezprrssage  prepaid,  and  we  will  return  your  check. 

We  are  careful  In  selecting  animals  and  would  not  sell  a  poor  one  at  ANY 
PRICE,  for  It  would  spoil  our  trade.  PRICKS :— 2  months  old,  $10 ;  3  months 
old,  $11 :  4  months  old,  $12.    No  more  sows  or  sow  pigs  for  sale. 

BULLFIELD  FARMS,    -     Dosweij,  Virginia. 


SPB*^ 


ING  IS  EASY 


and  you  have  an  ovitfit  always  ready  at  a  moment's 
notice  for  a  small  or  Uirge  job  in  the 

GARFIELD    KNAPSACK    SPRAYER. 

Best  sprayer  made  for  nine-tenths  o(  all  work,    as    Cotlon,    Tobacco,   Pulaloes,   Cardans, 

Shrubbery,  etc.  Eoaily  carried  and  worked,  simple  and  durable.  Copper  tank  concaved  to  (It 
back,  and  all  brass  pump.  Nothing  to  corrode.  We  also  make  the  Empire  King  and  Orchard 
Monareh,  mounted  9praTers  for  large  operatloaa,  and  others  for  all  purposes.  Fully  described 
In  free  catalog.    Writetorit.     FIELD  FORCE  PUMP  CO.,  223  Eleventh  St,. Elmlra,  N.Y. 


SLUG  SHOT 


B,  HAMMOND. 


Kills  Insects  on  Melons,  Potatoes. 
Cabbage  and  Flowers. 

SOLD   BY  SEEDSMEN   EVERYWNEiiE. 

Used  22  Years. 
Send  for  Free  Booklet  on  Bugs  and 
Blights  to 
FISH KILU-ON-HUDSON .  NEW  YORK. 


11)03.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAN  TER. 


289 


true  in  view  of  the  fact  that  thirty 
days  are  allowed  every  purchaser,  who 
desires  it,  to  try  the  buggy  on  his 
own  premises  and  ascertain  by  actual 
use  and  inspection  how  good  the  vehi- 
cle actually  is.  The  first  step  is  to 
send  your  address  to  the  Ohio  Car- 
riage Mfg.  Co.,  Station  41,  Cincinnati, 
O.,  for  their  illustrated  catalogue  and 
price  list.  The  rest  of  it  is  easy.  Their 
catalogue  illustrates  and  quotes  prices 
on  vehicles,  harness,  and  saddles  of 
every  description  also,  and  will  be 
found  interesting  to  all  horse  owners. 


■•OLD  HICKORY'S"  FAIRNESS. 
Andrew  Jackson  has  two  sorts  of 
reputation.  He  is  credited,  on  the  one 
hand,  with  being  the  father  of  the 
spoils  system;  but,  on  the  other  hand, 
he  is  said  to  have  been  staunch  and 
stubborn  against  wire-pulling.  A  story 
told  in  the  Washington  Post  throws 
light  on  the  best  side  of  Jackson's 
character. 

When  Jackson  was  President,  Ma- 
jor Gibbon,  a  New  Jersey  man,  was 
postmaster  at  Richmond,  Va.  A  dele- 
gation from  Richmond  waited  on  Jack- 
son to  demand  the  postmaster's  place 
for  a  Democrat. 

"Isn't  Major  Gibbon  an  old  soldier 
of  the  Revolution?"  asked  Jackson. 
"Well,  yes." 

"Any  charges  against  his  official 
character?" 

"No-o;  but  he  stumps  up  and  down 
the  streets  of  Richmond  abusing  you 
and    your   administration." 

"Does  he?"  said  Jackson,  grimly. 
"Yes;   and,  besides,  he's  an  old-time 
Federalist." 

"Well,"  said  Jackson,  seriously, 
"you  call  to-morrow  morning  and  you 
shall  have  an  answer." 

When  the  delegation  had  withdrawn, 
Jackson  sent  promptly  for  the  Audi- 
tor of  the  Post-Office  Department. 

"Mr.  Auditor,  what  sort  of  an  official 
is  Major  Gibbon,  postmaster  at  Rich- 
mond?" 

"A  model  postmaster,  Mr.  Presi- 
dent." 

"Any  charges  against  his  official  in- 
tegrity?" 

"None  whatever,  sir.  His  accounts 
are  scrupulously  correct  and  always 
rendered  on  time." 

"That  will  do,  Mr.  Auditor.  Good 
morning!" 

The  next  day  the  delegation  called 
promptly,  expecting  to  receive  Major 
Gibbon's  head. 

"Gentlemen,"  said  Jackson,  "you  ad- 
mitted yesterday  no  charge  lies 
against  Postmaster  Gibbon's  official 
character  or  conduct.  This  is  verified 
by  the  accounting  officer  of  the  Treas- 
ury. But  you  dwelt  on  the  fact  that 
he  villifies  me  and  openly  opposes  my 
politics.  For  that  you  would  have  me 
turn   adrift   and   penniless   an   elderly 


Registered  HEREFORD  CATTLE. 

Service  Bulls  ;  Imported  Salisbury  7(iU6y    mm).    Lars  Jr.  8o29, . 

MURRAY  SOOCOCK,    Owner.  Keswick,  Va. 

rHHREFORD  CATTLE  \ 

)                Annefield   Herd   Richly  Bred  In  ••Anxiety"   B'°°f  "^  ""''^''  > 

S                              by  the  Sweepstakes  winner  at  Kansas  City  1901,  ^ 

/                              PRINCE  RUPERT  No.  79539.  ( 

)                             FEE.    923.00  FOR  THE  SEASON  OF  1903.  > 

\                      CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED.        INSPECTION   INVITED.  C 

ANNEFIELD  FARMS,             -              Briggs,  Clarke  Co.,  Va.  ^ 


BACON  HALL  FARM. 

HEREFOBDiESiSTEtEiieflTTLE 

••  TOP  "  BREEDINQ.  CALVES  NOT  AKIN. 
MOTTO— Satisfaction  or  no  Sale. 


E.  M.  GILLET  &  SON, 


Qlencoe,  Maryland. 


You  pflv  $.1  when  cured 
No  cure,  no  pay.  ALEX.  SPEIFLS,  Boi  W. 
Weatbi  00k,  Maine. 


HBREFOBM  CATTL^.-Calves,  entitled  to  reglstrfttlon,  »75  to  8100.    Grade  Calves  by  "BUT 
Edward"  Sis  to  MO. 

SHROPSHIRE  SHEEP.-Bucke,  one  year  old  and  over,  »16  to  J20.     Buck  I^mbs,  Jnly  de- 
livery, $10.  and  J12.    Ewe  lAmbs,  Jaly  delivery,  tl8.  and  $10. 

petAND-CHIHA  HO«8.-Plg8,  six  week,  old,  $5.      Ple«,  two  or  thre.  months  old,  17*. 
Pigs,  five  months  and  over,  $15  to  VSO. 

H.  BRONZE  TlTRKET8.-Tom8,  ti.    Hens,  S3.    Eggs,  per  sitUng  of  12,  when  In  season,  J4. 

MtJSCOVT  DCCKS.-Pnre  White  Drakei,  11.25.   Pure  White  Ducks,  $1.    Pairs.  $2.25;  trtom  f« 

BARRED  PI.TMOUTH  ROCH8. 

ROUEH  tlEESE.— Ganders,  $2.50.    G^ese,  $J.60.    Ktf,  per  slttlag,  $S.OO 
WILJJAM  L,  Jr.,  No.  21058,  half  brother  of  Axtell,  wUl  serv.  a  limited  nomber  of  marw  to? 

fXtbcMaiutn.    Hares  boirded  at  loweat  flcnras  ver  month. 


290 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


man — the  man  who  led  the  forlorn ! 
hope  at  Stony  Point,  and  left  his 
right  leg  there. 

"Such  a  man,  gentleman,  has  bought 
the  right  to  entertain  his  opinions 
and  speak  them,  and  to  abuse  me 
as  much  as  he  pleases.  While  Andrew 
Jackson  holds  the  White  House, 
Major  Gibbon  shall  not  be  disturbed 
In  his  little  office.  You  have  my 
answer.  Good-morning! "  —  Youth's 

Companion. 


INSURING   THE   HARVEST. 

The  harvesting  of  grain  has  been 
from  the  most  primitive  times  until 
the  present  an  object  of  solicitude  on 
the  part  of  the  farmer. 

Upon  the  successful  harvest  is  de- 
pendent the  feeding  of  the  world. 

The  farmer  who  uses  the  Deering 
line  of  harvesters,  however,  is  free 
from  worry  so  far  as  the  prompt  and 
effective  gathering  of  the  crop  is  con- 
cerned. These  ideal  machines  are  al- 
ways ready  when  needed,  and  can  be 
relied   upon. 


GOOD  FOR  ALL  EXTERNAL  TROU- 
BLES. 
Elkton,   Va.,   Dec.   6,   1902. 
The  Lawrence-WiUiams  Co.,  Cleveland. 

0.: 

I  have  used  Gombault's  Caustic  Bal- 
sam very  successfully  for  a  number 
of  years  on  my  horse  for  swelling, 
stiff  joints,  abscesses,  etc.,  I  consider 
Gombault's  Caustic  Balsam  the  most 
valuable  external  remedy  and  lini- 
ment I  have  ever  seen  or  used,  and 
keep  it  on  hand  all  the  time. 

W.    S.    SOUTHALL. 


MRS.  LEA'S  MILK  AND  BUTTER  PURIFIER. 

Removrs  all  Weed,  Qarlic,  Vegetable  and  Animal  Odor  and  Taint 
from  the  milk  and  in  no  way  injures  the  cow  to  which  it  is  fed. 

Dr.  Jacob  Mlchanx,  Richmond.  Va.,  and  Dr.  W.  L. 
Robinson,  Danville,  Va..  Ex-Presidents  of  The  Vir- 
ginia Medical  Society,  write  as  follows : 

Qendemen:— Having  been  couaulted  by  you  with 
regard  to  your  "Lea's  Milk  and  Butter  Fdrifier," 
we  beg  Jeave  to  state  after  many  careful  experiments 
that  we  are  mo«t  favoratly  impressed  with  its  value. 
From  the  standpoint  of  physicians,  we  have  no 
hesitation  In  saying  that  the  mill?  from  cows  to  which 
It  is  fed  is  acceptable  to  the  delic^ite  palates  and 
stomachs  »  f  the  sick  in  cases  where  ordinary  railk  Is 
not  borne  We.  having  a  knowledge  of  the  formula, 
further  state  thai  it  is  not  lu  any  way  injurious  to 
either  the  stomachs  or  syslemB  of  the  animals  to 
which  It  is  fed,  nor  to  the  stomachs  or  systems  of 
"'"-  persons  using  the  milk  from    such  animals.      We 

further  believe  from  our  knovs  ledge  of  your  preparation  that  it  so  favorably  influences 
the  digestion  of  the  animal  that  it  will  prevent  those  abnormal  fermentations  which  pro- 
duce injurious  chemical  reactions  in  the  secretions  and  milk  of  said  animals. 

We  advice  tliat  i^auitary  Dairies  be  encouraged  to  use  this  product,  as  it  furnishes  a 
milk  not  only  devod  of  all  vegeJablean  animal  oders  and  flavors  so  objectionable  and 
so  frequemiy  found  In  milk  not  thus  treated,  but  that  it  is  a  sweet  and  pure  article 
for  the  table  and  for  the  u^e  of  invalids 

Jacob  Michaux, M   D., 
W.  L.  Robinson,  M.  O. 


(Signed) 


WVi.  by  VIRGINIA  CATTLE  FOOD  COMPANY,  Danville,  Virginia. 


Write  us  for  prices  and  further  information. 


The  Pasteur  Vaccine  Co.  have  just 
moved  their  headquarters  to  more  com- 
modious and  convenient  premises  at 
219  Randolph  street,  Chicago.  They 
occupy  the  whole  building,  and  it  is 
located  in  the  center  of  the  drug  busi- 
ness. The  Pasteur  Vaccine  Co.  is 
very  well  known  to  all  stock  owners 
who  have  had  any  trouble  with  an- 
thrax or  blackleg,  as  they  introduced 
the  vaccines  for  these  diseases  into 
this  country  in  the  early  part  of  1895. 
The  extent  and  success  with  which 
the  Pasteur  Vaccines  have  been  em- 
ployed are  too  well  known  to  need 
comment.  It  will  be  interesting  to 
note  that  up  to  the  end  of  1902  about 
forty-five  millions  of  animals  have 
been  vaccinated  with  the  original 
vaccines.  This  is  a  wonderful  show- 
ing, and  speaks  volumes  for  the  suc- 
cess of  the  Pasteur  Company's  reme- 
dies. 


Messrs.  W.  M.  Watklns  &  Son,  pro- 
prietors of  the  Cottage  Valley  Stock 
Farm,  Randolph,  Va.,  reports  that 
their  sales  have  been  good  during  the 
year  1903.  Among  recent  sales  are 
as  follows:  W.  G.  Rogers,  Warrenton, 
N.  C,  2  horses:  C.  P.  &  J.  Button, 
Walker's   Ford,    1    mare:    J.   A.   Lang, 


CISMONT  DORSETS.. 


CISMONT  8T0CK  FARM  offers   well  developed  young 
Dorsets  of  the  best  blood  of  England  and  America. 


Prices  reasonable. 


G.  S.  LINQENKOHL,  K8swicl(,  Albemaria  Co.,  Va. 


WOOL 


Whereto  Sell  Your 

WE  ARE  THE  LEADING  DEALERS  IN  THE  WOOL  TRADE  IN  VIRGINIA. 

HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE  PAID,  and  no  Commission,  Freight,  &c.,  charged 
SACKS  FURNISHED  FREE.  Checks  remitted  promptly.  Correspond  with  us  when 
ready  to  sell.  THE  WALLERSTEIN  PRODUCE  CO., 

References:  19  and  21  So.  13th  St.,  RICHMOND,  VA. 

American  National  Bank  and  Richmond  merchants  generally. 


"  BRBD.IN.  THE. purple: 


DUNTREATH  BERKSHIRES^^*- 

Extra  choice  lot  of  Young  Pigs  for  sale  :  ready  for  shipment  after  April 
'20th,  1903,  all  eligible  to  registry,  and  sired  by  our  famous  boar, 

BARON  SYLMAR  OF  DUNTREATH. 

Our  advance  bookings  have  been  so  great  that  we 

can  only  accept  a  limited  number  of  orders. 

DUNTREATH  STOCK  FARM,  Box  666,  Richmond,  Va. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


291 


M^ 


IVANHOE  POULTRY  YARDS ^— ™ 


Breeders  of 


i^ 


Exhibition  Barred 
Plymouth  Rocl<:s 


ENGLISH  CARRIERS  AND  HOMING  PIGEONS. 


For  Information,  address 

Ivanhoe  Poultry  Yards,  Box  258,  Richmond,  Va. 


0E55^fS^5SS^ffS5 


THE  TRAP  HAS  BEEN  SET,  BUT  THE  FARMERS  "ARE  ON  TO  IT." 

— — //V  1903 — -. 

S^o'buv  the  WALTER  A.  WOOD  MACHINE. 

WHY? 

Because  it  is  the  Best  Ha- 

chine  Hade. 
Because    it    Belongs    to   no 

Combination. 
Because    its    Repairs    Cost 

Less. 


The  Wood  Binders,  Reapers,     a- 
Steel  Hay  Ral<es,  Tedders,    f 
Corn    Harvesters,   Knife 
Grinders  the  world  knows 
and  the  world  endorses. 


SEND  FOR  SPECIAL  CATALOGUE 


WALTER  A.  WOOD  MOWING  and  REAPING  MACHINE  CO.,  Richmond,  Va. 


292 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


Haw  River,  N.  C,  1  mare;  W.  D. 
Grimes,  Washington,  N.  C,  1  mare; 
A.  C.  Canada,  Lynchburg,  Va.,  1  pair 
mules;  the  County  of  Meclilenburg,  1 
mule;  C.  A.  Williams,  Ringwood,  N. 
C,  1  3-year  old  cow,  1  C-monthsold 
calf;  D.  L.  Berry,  Abingdon,  Va..  1 
6-months-old  bull  calf;  B.  L.  Gill,  Re- 
hoboth  Church,  Va.,  1  bull  calf;  R. 
Turnbull,  Lawrenceville,  Va.,  1  bull 
calf;  J.  F.  Jones,  Laurel,  N.  C,  1  bull 
calf;  J.  E.  Connell,  Irwin,  Va.,  8 
sheep;  H.  A.  Black  &  Bro.,  Stuarts,  N. 
C.  1  ram  lamb;  J.  W.  Smith,  Stuarts 
Draft,  Va.,  C  ewes,  3  lambs.  3  old  ewes; 
W.  R.  McKenney,  Petersburg,  Va.,  .''. 
milk  cows.  Look  up  this  firm's  ad- 
vertisements in  this  issue. 


THE  BUSINESS   EYE. 

It  requires  a  business  eye  to  see  an 
opportunity  when  it  presents  itself. 
The  ability  to  see  things  as  they  are 
Is  the  one  thing  which  agriculturists 
should  possess,  if  they  mean  to  make 
a  success  out  of  whatever  they  under- 
take to  do.  It  is  the  power  of  dis- 
cernment that  enables  them  to  keep 
up  Interest  in  their  work,  and  it  is 
enthusiastic  interest  in  what  one  is 
doing  that  gives  life  its  zest  and  en- 
ables one  to  do  his  best.  In  the  pur- 
chase of  a  binder,  for  example,  a  good 
business  eye  is  needed.  There  are 
many  details  in  the  construction  of 
the  machine  that  should  be  carefully 
examined,  and  where  this  is  done  the 
farmer.  In  the  great  majority  of  in- 
stances, buys  the  McCormick,  because 
it  is  pre-eminently  the  machine  for  the 
man  with  an  eye  for  business. 


$276,553,894 

38,009,619 

975,514 

26,252,265 

the     South 


The  Southern  Farm  Magazine  of 
Baltimore  has  compiled  from  official 
reports  of  the  government  the  sta- 
tistics of  grain  crops  of  the  South 
in  1902.  The  total  values  are  as  fol- 
lows: 

Corn  ....  502,487,609 
Wheat  .  .  .  48,872,127 
Rye  ....  1,352,892 
Oats    ....     56,178,672 

In  addition  to  grain 
raised  21,897. 5.'5.''i  bushels  of  Irish  po- 
tatoes, valued  at  $14,116,169;  3,905,423 
tons  of  hay,  valued  at  $46,734,706,  and 
630,258.898  pounds  of  tobacco,  valued 
at  $63,843,025.  The  total  for  these 
three  items  added  to  the  total  for 
grain  makes  $466,545,192,  or,  approxi- 
mately, about  one-half  of  the  total 
value  of  the  agricultural  products  of 
the  South.  In  this  report  no  mention 
is  made  of  the  cotton  crop,  of  sweet 
potatoes  (the  yield  of  which  in  the 
South  is  much  larger  than  the  yield 
of  Irish  potatoes),  of  sucrar.  rice,  and 
fruit  crops.  These  figures  show  that 
the  grain  crop  of  the  South — corn, 
wheat,  oats,  and  rye— Is  about  the 
same  in  value  as  an  average  cotton 
crop,  but  the  growth  of  diversified 
farming  in  the  South  promises  within 
a  few  years  to  make  the  value  of  these 
crops  much  larger  than  that  of  cotton. 


Th<»   Ht^l    n\CH   SAW    MILLS   ARE    SURE    WINNERS. 
I  llv^    LycL_V/r*v^5  I   Eight  sizes,  from  Farmers' 4  11  p  up  to  200  h.  p. 

If  Interested,  write  for  larcc  llluslrated  catiilogue  o!  DeLoach  Patenmaw  Miil.'i  lokuU 
any  power  from  4  to  200-h.  p  ;  .Shingle  Mills.  Planers,  Edgers,  Trimmers,  Stave  and  Lath 
Mills.  Bolters,  Corn  and  Biilir  Mills,  Water  Wh«el8,  etc.  To  Introduce  our  New  Farmers' 
Saw  Mill,  fitted  witb  DeLoach  Patent  Variable  Friction  Feed,  we  make  thlsfepeclai  oflbr: 

We  will  deliver  on  cars  at  factory  onr 
No.  O  Pony  Farmers'  Saw  Mill,  with 
Duplex  Dogs,  Imp  oved  Head  Blocks 
and  Ratchet  .Set  Works,  complete  as 
shown  in  cut.  except  It  has  Carriage  made 
In  two  4-foot  sections,  with  Rope  Drive 
Instead  of  Rack  and  Pinion,  without  Saw 
or  Belt,  for  $115. 00  Spot  Cash  I 
With  36"  Solid  Saw,  $127.,50:  40",  S132.30; 

44",  8140.00;  48",  $1.50.00. 
With  86"  Inserted  Saw.  »147.50:  40"  J152.60: 

44",  $160.00;  48",  S170.00. 

Best  Rubber  Belting,  4-ply,  6",  20  cents 

per  foot;  8",  SO  cents  per  foot,  net. 

No   discount   from   these   prices. 

Our  Warranty:  Tins  mill  Is  warranted  to  be  made  In  a  workman  like  manner,  of  flnV 
class  material  ihriiuj^liout.  and  to  1  Ive  perfect  satisfaction  if  operated  according  to  onr 
printed  Instructions,  which  are  so  simple  that  a  boy  can  understand  them.  Any  one  with 
ordinary  Intelligence  can  set  and   operate   without  the  assistance  of  an  experienced 

sawyer;  will  easily  cut  2.000  to  2  .500  feel  of  first  class  boatd  lumber  per  day  with  only  4-h.  p.; 
3,000  ft.  with6-h.  p.;  4,000  ft.  with  H-h.  p  ;  is  adapted  to  any  kind  or  size  power  up  to  15.h.  p. 

DeLOACH  MILL  MANUFACTURING  CO  ,  Box  600,  ATLANTA,  GEORGIA,  U.  S.  A. 

The  DeLoach  Is  the  only  mill  inadethat  isthlpped  to  all  parts  ofthe  world.  Over  10,000  In  use. 


FRUITS  and 
VEGETABLES 

ARE  LARGELY  INCREASED 
IN  YIELD  AND,  GREATLY  IM- 
PROVED BY  TME  USE  OF 

Srray  Pumrs. 


Write  for  new  catalogues  and  price-lists. 

Our  pumps  are  used  by  the  Virginia  and  North 

Carolina  Agricultural  Departments. 

SYDNOR  PUMP  AND  WELL  CO.,  Inc., 

Box  946,  RICHMOND,  VIRGINIA. 

GASOLINE  ENGINES,  WIND  MILLS, 

RAMS.  TANKS 

WATER  SUPPLY  CONTRACTORS. 

ARTESIAN  WELL  DRILLERS. 

Cut  shows  a  Kerosene  Sfprayer  which  can 
can  be  used  for  any  other  mixture. 


OMMftTEIteO    rS70. 


Merchants  National  Bank 


OP    KIOHMONO,    VA, 

Designated   Depository  of  the  United  stales,  city  oi 
Richmond  and  Oommonwealtb  of  Virginia. 
Being  the  Largest  Depository  for  Banks  between  Baltimore 
and  New  Orleans,  this  Bank  offers  superior  facllltlee  for 
direct  and  qalok  collections. 

JNO.  P.  BRANCH,  .INC.  K.  BRANCH. 

President.  Vloe-Presldenl. 


Capital  stock,  $200,000,00 

Sarplas  ta*  Pt-ofito,  $628,000,00 


JOHN  P.  QLKNN, 

OMblar. 

DiBBCrroKS.— John  P.  Branoh,  B.  B.  Munford,  Chas.  B.  HlrlngfeUow,  Thos,  B.  Soott,  B.  W 
Branch,  Fred.  W.  Scott,  Jas.  H.  Dooley,  Jno.  K.  Branch,  A.  8.  Boford,  Andiew  Flzalnl,  Jr.' 
J.  P.  Qeorge,  Alex.  Hamilton,  Bam'l.  T.  Morgan. 


1903] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


298 


,  ^»<^^^^^^^^^<M»^>8>i^^r»^#>^^^w^^^^^»<^^^^»»<^^^^% 


V»^^^^A»»^^^^l^»»^^^^^»»^^^^^^^^^V^^^W»» 


WAGONS  and  BUOOIBS 


MADE 

RIGHT  HERE 

AT    HO 

The  BARBOUR  BUGGY  L^. 
The  HUGHES  BUGGY  CO., 
The  VIRGINIA  WAGON  CO. 


Alt  of  Virginia. 


These  vehicles  are  gjaranteed  to  be  as  good  as  can  be  bought  elsewhere  ;  material  and  workman- 
ship unsurpassed  ;  all  sizes  and  styles,  prices  low.  We  can  save  you  time,  money  and  freight  by 
purchasing  our  vehicles.  Send  for  our  illustrated  catalogues.  Drop  in  our  warehouse  and  inspect  our 
stock.     Inquiries  cheerfully  answered. 

RICHMOND  BUGGY  &  WAGON  CO.,  1433  E.  Main  Street,  RICHMOND,  VA. 

J.  T.  DUNN,  Manager. 


AINSLIE  CARRIAGE  CO., 

Nos.  8, 10  and  12  Tenth  St..  RICHMOND,  YA. 


Building  Carriages  to  order  is  our  special  business. 
Repairing  and  Repainting  done,  and  best  material  used. 
A  full  line  of  all  the  latest  styles.  Orders  for  all 
classes  of  Vehicles  solicited. 


1903.     IN  THESTUD  AT  LAURELHILLFARM.     1903. 
THE  FINE  HACKNEV  STALLION 


I903.       IN  THE  STUD         I903. 

WEALTH,  29579. 

RACE  RECORD,  2:17J,  Pacing. 

Timed  separately  in  2:08  in  a  race  at  Indiana 
State  Fair,  1902. 
Bay  horse,  foaled  1897;   16  hacds  high,  weight,  1,200  lbs. 
Sired  by  Gambetta  Wilkes,  2:19},  dam  Magnolia,  by  Norfolk, 
3670.     Wealth  is  grand  individually  and  in  appearance. 

FEE,  $20  the  Season  with  return  privilege,  or  $25  to  insure. 
Address S.  F.  CHAPMAN,  Gordonsville,  Va. 


4-    HEIDRIK    -f     GREAT  STAKES,  25S2I. 


Bay  horse,  foaled  1898  ;  16  hands  high.     This  horse 
has  great  natural  action,  and  is  capable  of  getting 
the  highest  class  harness  horses. 
FBE,  $10  00  the  Season  or  $15  00  to  Insure. 

Address  C.  F.  &  J.  BUTTON,  Walker's  Ford,  Va. 


WHALEBONE,  7872. 

Sired  by  Abdallah  Wilkes,  eon  of  George  Wilkes,  2:22.  Dan 
Maggie  0.,  by  Abdallah,  15,  sire  of  Goldsmith  Maid,  2:14  ;  sec 
ond  dam  Viley  Filley,  by  Pilot,  Jr.,  sire  of  dam  of  Maud  S.,  2:08  J. 

Note.— Wiialebone  is  a  richly  colored  bay  horse  of  fine  size, 
handsome  and  well  formed.  Hia  disposition  is  perfect.  He 
has  sired  Visitor,  2:26J,  and  other  winners. 

FEE,  $15,  with  usual  return  privilege. 

Address        W.  J.  GARTER. 

p.  O.   BOX  3S9,  RIOHMOND,  VA. 


RACE  RECORD,  2:20,  Trotting. 

Bay  horse,  by  Billy  Thornhill,  2:24,  dam  Sweetstakes, 
by  Sweep  Stakes,  298.    Great  Stakes  has  sired  Cap- 
tain, 2:i6i;  Foxhall,  2:19!,  and  four  others  in  the  list. 
FEE,  $25.00  for  the  Season  of  1903. 

W.H.NELSON.    •    1417  E.Franklin  St,  Riohmond.Va. 


Pedigrees  traced  and  tabulated.    Catalogues  compiled  and  cir- 
culars prepared.      Special  attention    given    registration 
matters  pertaining  to  thoroughbred  and  trotting  horses 

..BY.. 

W.  J.  GA.TVr'E.Ti.  (Broad  Rock), 

p.  O.  Box  929,  RICHnONO,  VA. 

Representing  the 

The  Timks-Dispatch,  Richmond,  Va. 
SotTTHKRN  Planter,  Richmond,  Va. 
Spoets  of  the  Times.  New  York. 
Kentucky  Stock  Farm,  Lexington,  Ky. 
Brebdeb  and  Sportsman,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


294 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[Aj.ril 


RIGHT  VEHICLES  AT   RIGHT 

PRICES. 


The  illustration  ehowe  a  standard, well-  ' 
made,  serviceable,  stylish  buggy,  whicl 
the   Marvin-Smith  Company  are  selliof:' 
for  158.20.    Local  dealers  would  probabh 
claim  to  be  making  a  rare  bargain  on  thie 
same  vehicle  at  JKiO.    This  ie  but  one  o) 
a  long  line  of  vehicles,  comprehendin;; 
every  purpose  and  style  which  this  houfe 
is  selling  at  such  prices  as  readers  havi 
doubtless    noted    from    their   advertise   ! 
ments    regularly  seen    in  our  columns 
Dealers  agree  that  by  patronizing  them 
you   have  the  opportunity  to  examinf- 
and   make  choice  before  buying.    This 
does  not  compensate  for  the  high  price? 
charged.    Thi  fact  is,  that  the  Compary 
named  ships  anything  you   may  sekct 
from  their   complete  vehicle    catalosi  e 
showing  many  times  over  the  varietiiS| 
and  styles  the  local  dealer  carries,  with- 
out any  payment  in  advance,  and  per- 
mits full  and  free  examinatioa  withovt! 
obligation  to  purchase  if  not  satisfactory,  j 
They  make  it  possible  for  every  one  to  ; 
own  a  good  conveyance  by  paying  only 
reasonable   prices.      We   commend    the 
house  to  readers  who  have  under  consid- 
eration the  purchase  cf  a  conveyance  of 
any  'feort.  ; 

THE  MANLOVE  SELF-OPENING 
GATE, 


Shown  in  the  above  cut  strikes  us  as  be- 
ing a  very  valuable  and  sensible  device. 
The  ease  of  operation  and  the  time  and 
trouble  saved  Dy  its  use  makes  it  invalu- 
able to  every  thoroughly  up  to-date  farm- 
er. Seethe  advertisement  elsewhere  in 
this  issue. 

A  NEAT  BINDER  for  your  back 
numbers  can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Ad- 
dress theBusiness  Office. 


Mention  the  Southern  Plamter  when  cor- 
reeponding  with  adyertiserB. 


Uncle  Sam  says  it's 
all  right 

Uncle  Sam,  in  the  person  of  ten  ol  his  government  ofBcials,  Is  always  In  charge  of  every 
department  of  our  distillery.  During  the  entire  process  of  distillation,  after  the  whiskey 
Is  stored  in  barrels  in  our  warehouses,  during  the  seven  years  it  remains  there,  from  the 
very  grain  we  buy  to  the  whiskey  you  get,  Uncle  Sam  is  constantly  on  the  watch,  We  dare 
not  take  a  gallon  of  our  own  whiskey  from  our  own  warehouse  unless  he  says  it's  all  right. 
And  when  he  does  say  so,  that  whiskey  goes  direct  to  you,  with»all  its  original  strength,  rich- 
ness and  flavor,  carrying  a  UNITED  STATES  REGISTERED  DISTILLER'S  GUARAN- 
TEE of  PURITY  and  AGE,  and  saving  the  dealers'  enormous  profits.  That's  why 
HAYNER  WHISKEY  is  the  best  for  medicinal  purposes.  That's  why  it  is  preferred  tor 
other  uses.  That's  why  we  have  over  a  quarter  of  a  million  satisfied  customers.  That's 
why  YOU  should  try  it.    Your  money  back  if  you're  not  satisfied. 

Direct  from  our  distillery  to  YOU 

Saves  Dealtrs'  Profits  I    Prevents  Adulteration  I  ^"""^ 

HAYNER  WHISKEY 

PURE  SEVEN-YEAR-OLD  RYE 

4     FULL    $9:20  EXPRESS 
QUARTS  O      PREPAID 

We  will  send  you  FOUR  FULL  QUART  BOTTLES  of  HATNEK'S  SEVEN- 
■YEAR-OLD  RYE  for  $3.20,  and  we  will  pay  the  express  charges.  Try  it  and 
If  you  don't  And  it  all  right  and  as  good  as  you  ever  used  or  can  buy  from 
anybody  else  at  any  price,  send  it  back  at  our  expense,  and  your  is. 20  will  be 
returned  to  you  by  next  mail.  Just  think  that  offer  over.  How  could  it  be 
fairer?  If  you  are  not  perfectly  satisfied,  you  are  not  out  a  cent.  Better  let 
us  send  you  a  trial  order.  If  you  don't  want  four  quarts  yourself,  get  a 
friend  to  join  you.  We  ship  in  a  plain  sealed  case,  no  marks  to  show  what's 
Inside. 

Orders  for  Ariz.,  Cal.,  Col.,  Idaho,  Mont.,  Nov.,  N.Mex.,  Ore. , Utan,  Wash, 
or  Wyo.  must  be  on  the  basis  of  4  tluarts  for  S4.00  bv  Express 
Prepaid  or  !SO  Quarts  for  ei6.0o  by  Freight  Prepaid. 

Write  our  nearest  oface  and  do  it  NOW. 

THE  HAYNER  DISTILLING  COMPANY 

>>iLANTAi  GA.  DAYTON,  OHIO  ST.  LOUIS,  MO.  ST.  PAUL,  MINN. 

153  DiSTiLLEBT,  Trot,  O.  Established  1806 


The  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway 

EXTENDING  FROM  CINCINNATI  AND  LOUISVILLE,  AND 
THROUGH  ITS  CONNECTIONS      — fT» 

THE  BIG  FOUR  SYSTEM,  from  Chicago,  St.  Lome,  Peoria.   IndianapollB, 

Sandusky  and  Cleveland ; 
THE  OHIO  CENTRAL  LINES,  from  Toledo  and  Columbue  . 
THE  CINCINNATI,  HAMILTON  4  DAYTON,  from  Detroit,  Toledo,  Lima 

and  Dayton — 

FORMS  THE  MOST  DIRECT  *"ir-"^tE*.'ai?.Kr.'"  ROUTE. 

To  STAXTNTON,  LYNCHBUHG,  CHABLOTTB8VILLE, 

BICEMOND,  FETEBSBTTBG,  NOBFOLK, 
And  Prinoipal  Virginia  Points, 

H.  W.  FULLER,  Gen.  Pass.  Agt  C.  A  O.  Ry.,  Washington,  D.  a 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


295 


The  following  list  of  papers  and  periodicals 
•re  the  most  popular  ones  In  this  section 
We  can  SAVE  YOU  MONEY  on  whatever 
journal  yon  wish. 


DATTiTEB.  priob       with 

ALONE.  PLAHTin. 

Tlmes-Dlspatch.  Richmond,  Va tS  00  $5  00 

The  Post,  Washington,  D.  C 6  00     «  00 

The  Sun,  Baltimore,  Md 00        40 

News-Leader,  Blobmocd,  Va S  00     S  00 

TRt-WEEKLY. 
The  World  (thrl06*-week),  N.  Y 1  00     1  25 

WEEKLIES. 

Harper's  Weekly 4  UO  4  00 

"         Bazaar 1  00  ]  40 

Montgomery  Advertiser 1  00  1  00 

Nashville  American 50  75 

The  Baltimore  Sun 1  00  1  36 

Breeder's  Gazette 2  00  1  76 

Hoard's  Dairyman 1  00  1  35 

Oonutry  Gentleman 1  50  1  76 

Tlmes-Dlspatch,  Richmond,  Va 1  00  i  25 

Religions  Herald,  Richmond,  Va....  2  00  2  26 

Central  Presbyterian,     "          "...  2  00  2  SO 

Christian  Advocate,        "          "    ...  l  60  1  75 

Tort  Field  and  Farm 4  00  4  00 

Spirit  of  the  Times 4  00  4  00 

Horseman 8  00  8  00 

SEMI-MONTHLIES. 

Wool  Markets  and  Sheep 50  75 

Dairy  and  Creamery 50  7S 

Commercial  Poultry 60  75 

Allthree 1  50  i  15 

MONTHLIE8. 

North  American  Review 6  00  5  00 

The  Century  Magazine 4  00  4  25 

8t.  Nicholas          "         8  00  3  26 

Upplncott'i          "         2  50  2  50 

Harper's                "         4  00  4  00 

Forum                   "         3  00  8  25 

Borlbner's              "         8  00  8  25 

Frank  LesUes       "         1  00  1  86 

Cosmopolitan       "         1 00  1  86 

Everybody's         "         1  00  1  86 

Mnnsey                 "         1  00  1  35 

Strand                    "         1  26  1 66 

McClnre's              "         1  OO  1  36 

Argosy                  "         1  00  1  36 

Review  of  Reviews 2  50  2  75 

Leisure  Hours 1  00  1  25 

Blooded  Stock 60  60 

Where  you  desire  to  subscribe  to  two  or  more 
of  the  publications  named,  you  can  arrive  at 
the  net  subscription  price  by  deducting  50 
cents  from  "our  price  with  the  Planter."  If 
yon  desire  to  subscribe  to  any  other  publica 
tlons  not  listed  here,  write  us  and  we  will 
cheerfully  quote  clubbing  or  net  subscription 
rates. 

Subscribers  whose  time  does  not  expire 
until  later  can  take  advantage  of  onr  club 
rates,  and  have  their  subscription  advanced 
one  year  from  date  of  expiration  of  their 
inbsoriptlon  to  either  the  Planter  or  any  of 
the  other  publications  mentioned. 

Don't  hesitate  to  write  us  for  any  informa- 
tion desired ;  we  will  cheerfully  answer  any 
eorrespondenoe. 

We  furnish  no  tample  copies  of  other  perl- 
oOioals. 


Seed  House  of  the  South 


CBIK^ON 

C1.0VKR, 


liDCEBirB 

OI.OTKR, 


CI.OTKR, 


JAPAN 

OI.OTXR, 


TIKOTHTI'. 


BVCKWBEAT. 
OATS  and 
CANE  8KE». 


"Whatsoever  One  Soweth.  That  Shall  He  Reap." 

We  sell    strictly   reliable  FISI^D    AND   OABD£N  SEEDS  •» 

everj  rariety  at  I<owest  Market  rates,  incladed  in  wbicli 

are  BAGIiAND'S  PEDIGREE  TOBACCO  SEEDS. 


.we  ALSO  SEi-L 


Onr  Othtil  Brands  of  Fertilizers 

For  Tobacco,  Corn.  Wheat.  Potatoes,  &c. 

Pore  Raw-Bone  Heal,  NoTa  Scotia  and  YirKinia  Plaster  ancS 

Fertilizing  Materials  generally. 

Partiea  wiahing  to  purchase  will  find  it  to  their  interest  to  price  our  goods. 
Samples  seut  by  mail  when  desired. 


Wm.  A.  Miller  &  Son,  0 


iOI6  Main  Street 
LYNCHBURG,  VA. 


Headquarters  for 
Nursery  Stock. 


We  make  a  specialty  of  handling  dealers'  orders. 

ALL    STOCK  TRUE   TO    NAME. 


Apples, 

Pears, 

Peach, 

Plum, 

Apricots, 


Nectarines,  Pecans,  Ornamental  and 

Cherry,  Chestnuts,  Shade  Trees, 

Quinces,  Walnuts,  Evergreens, 

Almonds,  Small  Fruits,  Roses,  Etc. 


CALIFORNIA  PRIVET,  for  Hedging. 


WRITE  FOR  CATALOGUE. 


..AGENTS   WANTED., 

FRANKLIN  DAVIS  NURSERY  Co., 


Baltimore,  Md. 


296 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


April 


LABOR-SAVING  IMPLEMENTS  AND  MACHINERY. 


Oom  Planter. 


PHDM    PI   ANTFR^     '^^^  HOOSIER,  both  single  and   double  row,  with 


and  without  fertilizer  attachment.    Tbe  SPANGLER 


for  Corn,  Peaa  and  Sorghum. 


Pill  TIUATnDQ     PLANET  Jr.   and 
UULillff  AlUIIOi  IRON    AGE  Culti- 


vators and   Horse  Hoes.    CONTINENTAL  Disc 
Corn  Planter.  Cultivators  and  Harrows,   the  best  in  the  world. 

Spring  tooth  attachments  for  Cultivator.     RODERICK  LEAN  steel  lever  harrows  for 
one,  two  and  three  three  horses. 

THE  SOUTH 
BEND  CHILLED 
PLOWS. 


DISC  CULTIVATOR. 


HOBSE  HOE. 

Wood  or  Steel  beam  ;  all  sizes.     Guaranteed  equal  to  any  made. 
THE  CELEBRATED 

HANCOCK  DISC  PLOW. 

Single  or  Double  Disc. 


DISC  HABEOWS— All  Siz^s. 


SPIKE  TOOTH  HAHBOW. 


THE  OLD  RELIABLE 

PEERLESS  ENGINES. 

SAW  MILLS  and 
THRESHING  MACHINES. 


The  FISH,  The  WEBER  and  The  CHAMPION  Wagons 

IN  ALL  SIZES. 

General  agency  for  the  Columbus  Buggy  Co.,  Col- 
umbus, Ohio,  A.  Wrenn  &  Sons,  Norfolk,  Va.,  and 
other  celebrated  makers  of  vehicles.  All  grades  in 
stock. 

Harness,  Robes  and  Whips,  Pittsbtirg  Per- 
fect Wire  Fencing,  welded  by  electricity.  Circular 
for  the  asking,     Correspondence  solicited.  ^,'. 

THE  WATT  PLOW  CO.,  IJI51  SiAfrsx^lT-ilRichmond,  Va, 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


297 


Seasonable  Implements  of  Latest  Patterns. 


EsUblished  by 
GEO.  WATT,  1840. 


Deere  disc  cultivator. 


THE  CALL- WATT  CO., 

BIGHMOND,  VIRGINIA. 

The  WATT,  CROWN,  and  ORES-    j^ 
CENT  PLOWS.  ^ 

Especially  adapted  to  the  Corn 
Grower.  Equally  adapted  to  the  To- 
bacco Planter,  the  Cotton  Planter  and 
the  Gardener. 

DISC  HARROWS— All  sizes. 

Independent  Flexible  Ganges,  ope- 
rated by  one  or  two  levers.  No  end  thrust. 

DUST  PROOF  BEA.RING  BOXES. 
Flexible  Scrapers.  ^Steel  Shanks. 

All  Steel  Lever  Harrows.  Made  up 
of  sections  of  25  teeth  each.  We  have  the 
Continuous  frame  with  sprihg  trip, 
which  relieves  all  strain  on  the  teeth,  or  the 
U  Bar,  by  means  of  the  lever  instantly 
changed  to  a  straight  or  slanting  tooth 
harrow. 

The  DEERE  SINGLE  and 
DOUBLE  ROW  CORN  PLANTER. 

The  Corn  Drop  works  on  the  "  edge 
selection  principle.  Simple  in  construc- 
tion and  next  to  impossible  to  get  out  of  or- 
der. These  Planters  have  features  not 
possessed  by  any  other,  and  are  fully  de- 
scribed in  special  circular. 

The  EMPIRE  SINGLE  ROW 
CORN  PLANTER  with  the  celebrated 
Marks  Force  Feed  Fertilizer.  The  lightest 
Combination  Planter  made. 

The  EUREKA  CORN  PLANTER. 
Known  so  long  as  to  require  no  special 
description. 

The  DEERE  DISC  CULTIVATOR 
is  made  almost  entirely  of  Steel  and  Mal- 
leable Iron.  Light  weight  and  great 
strength.  High  solid  steel  arch. 
Wheels  adjustable  in  width.  Pivoted 
Tongue.  Dust  proof  bearing  boxes.  Con- 
vertible into  an  Eight  Disc  Harrow  or  a 
Spring  Tooth  Cultivator. 

The  DEERE  RIDING  and  WALK- 
ING  CULTIVATORS.     With  four  or 
six    shovels   or    spring    teeth, 
features  not  found  in  any  other. 


HANFRED  CALL, 
Hanager, 


J      ^~n IT 

LEVER    HARROW. 


DEERE   DOUBLE   ROW   PLANTER. 


Walkinq  Cultivator. 


Iron  Age  Cultivators,  Iron  Age  Combined  Cultivator  and  Harrow.  Double 
Shovel  Plows^  Feed  and  Ensilage  Cutters,  Peo  Hullers,  Threshers,  Engines, 
Saw  Mills^  Grain  Drills^  Hoe  or  Disc,    farm  Wagons,  Buggies,  Road  Carts. 
Implements,  Machinery  and  Vehicles  for  all  purposes. 


WRITE  FOR  DESCRIPTIVE  CIRCIJIiARS. 


Le.wU'i'ifaTn'andclTJ:   MCHMOND.  VA.  THE   CALL- WATT  CO. 


298 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


"THE  EARLY  BIRD  '  V°»  ^now  ttc  Rest 

I  mention  this  well-known  adage,  because  so  many  of  my  customers 
have  proved  the  old  and  true  saying  about  the  early  bird— what  he 
caught.  He  got  the  best,  and  he  got  there  first.  Now,  you  must  do  the 
same  thing.  You  know  our  prices  all  "change  without  notice"— so  send 
your  orders  in  on  time,  and  you  will  get  the  pick  and  choice  of  every- 
thing—though we  keep  nothing  but  the  best.  We  buy  at  the  market 
and  sell  at  the  market.  Write  for  prices  and  I  will  be  delighted  to  send 
them  to  you  as  fast  as  your  mail  service  can  carry  them.  I  have  at  this 
writing  but  I  don't  know  how  long  they  will  last : 

10,000  bushels  Feed  Oats 


40 

6,000  bushels  Mixed  Corn „ 60 

Both  of  these  are  big  drives,  and  you  should 
order  at  once. 

600  kits  of  Large  Mackerel,  per  kit l  25 

6,000  bushels  Early  Bose  Potatoes- 70 

4,000  bushels  Burbank  Seed  Potatoes 75 

10  large  bars  Laundry  Soap 25 


60,000  lbs.  Rock  or  Lump  Salt  for  stock. 

Take  1,000  lbs,  and  I  will  make  it  for    7  60 

600  bbls.  North  Carolina  Cut  Herrings....    4  75 

600  bbls.  Lime,  Cement,  Plaster,  at  cost. 

Paints,  Oils,  Nails,  and  everything  that  is 
needed  by  a  Farmer  we  keep,  and  will 
sell  at  actual  cost  to  reduce  our  stock. 

Drop  me  a  line,  keep  in  touch  with  head- 
quarters, and  by  doing  this  you  save  money. 


READ  CAREFULLY  THE  rOLLOWING   PRICES 


wines,  lilqnors  and  Cordials. 

Gibson's  fine  old  Rye  Whiskey,  six 
j-ears  old— Quarts,  75c.,  or  gallon, 

jugs  free $3  00 

Bumgardner's  fine  old   Rye  Whis- 
key, six  years  old,  per  gal 2  75 

Fine  old  Anderson  County  gal.  (this 

^  is  four  years  old) 2  00 

Clemmer's  fine  old  Rye,  three  sum- 
mers (it  is  thick  and  drinks  like 

nectar),  quart 40 

Fulcher's  old  Mountain  Dew,  guart,      45 
Imported  Juniper  Gin.  For  Kidney 
aiid  kindred  troubles  it  gives  in- 
stant relief,  and  you  should  get  a 

quart — only 45 

346  bottles,  quarts,  imported  Three 

Star  French  Brandy 75 

McDermott's  Pure  Old  Malt  Whis- 

"key,  quart 85 

Pure  old  Northampton  Apple  Bran- 
dy, 7  years  old,  strictly  choice,  gal.  2  CO 

Old  Rye  Whiskey,*  years  old 2  00 

Pure  0\d  Virginia  Apple  Brandy 2  00 

Blackberry  Brandy,  per  gallon 75 

Good  Holland  Gin 1  50 

Duffy's  Malt  Whiskey 85 

Floor. 

Pillsbnry  Flour,  per  bbl 4  90 

Pillsbury,  per  bag 32 

Graham  Flour,  per  bag 25 

Dunlop  Patent  Flour,  bbl 4  50 

Dunlop,  per  bag 29 

Byrd  Island  Flour,  per  bbl 4  40 

Jersey  Lily  Flour,  per  bbl 4  00 

Fine  Fairy  Flour,  per  bbl 8  85 

Best  Family  Flour 4  25 


Seeds. 

Sapling  Clover  Seed,  per  bushel $7  50 

Alfelfe  Seed,  "         7  40 

Alsyke  Seed,  "         9  50 

Timothy  Seed,  "         2  75 

Orchard  Grass  Seed,  •'         2  10 

Tall  Meadow  Oats,  "         2  00 

White  Clover  Seed,  "         13  00 

Potato  Onion  Sets,  "         2  00 

Black  Spring  Oats,  "         52 

Rust  Proof  Oats,  "         65 

Turf  Oats,  "         70 

Fine  Winter  Turf  Oats  (seed) 75 

Prime  Winter  Seed  Oats 60 

1,000  bushels  Seed  Rye 68 

10,000  bushels  Choice  Seed  Potatoes, 
all  varieties  —  Early  Rose,  Burbanks, 
Beauty  Hebrons.  Am  prepared  to  make 
very  low  prices. 

I  have  everythine;  that  is  required  by 
a  Farmer,  from  a  1,000  Acre  Farm  to  a 
Mouse  Trap.  Write  for  my  Price-List 
that  will  give  you  more  information  than 
a  gossiping  woman. 

Sngar. 

Best  American  Granulated 4J 

White  A  Sugar,  per  lb ....  4| 

Cut  Loaf 6 

Powdered 6 

Light  Brown  Sugar,  6  lbs 25 

Bacon  and  iLard. 

Best  Sugar  Cured  Hams,  lb 15 

California  Hams,  per  lb ~ lOi 

Breast  Bacon,  per  lb 13 


Good  Lard _...  9 

Genuine  Smithfield  Hams,  lb 15 

4-lb.  Can  Cottolene 44 

Country  Cured  Bacon  Sides 12 

10,000  lbs.  Nice  Family  Pork 9 

Feed. 

Oats,  per  bushel 46 

Ship  Stuff',  per  106  lbs 1  10 

Brown  Stuff,  per  100  lbs 1  05 

Good  Corn,  per  bushel 52 

Coarse  Mea',  per  bushel 65 

Best  City  Meal,  per  bushel „....      70 

Linseed  Meal,  per  100  lbs 1  75 

Cotton  Seed  Meal,  per  100  lbs 1  40 

510  tons  Cotton  Seed  Hulls— an  ex- 
cellent Winter  Food,  cheap  and 
nutritious  —  as   good    as    Coarse 

Meal  for  Stock,  per  100 50 

70,000  lbs.  Rock  Salt  for  Stock,  per 
100  lbs 1  00 

5,000  Bales  of  Fine  Shucks. 

Coffee,  Tea,  Soap,  Ac. 

Arbuckle's  Green  C!offee 11 

Best  Mocha  and  Java  Coffee,  roas'd..  18 

Fine  Gunpowder  Tea 40 

800  barrels  White  Oil 12 

7  boxes  Axle  Grease ~  25 

10  Lan;e  Cakes  Fancy  Soap 25 

Crystal  Washing  Soda,  light,  smooth 

and  durable — makes  washing  easy  30 

Washing  Powder,  8  for 25 

Large  Fat  Mackerel  in  nice  buckets 

or  kits,  about  15  lbs 1  25 


D.  O'SULLIVAN,  Ifith  and  Main  and  502 1  Marshall  Ik,  Bicliniond,  Va. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


299 


THE  WONDER  OF  THE  20  CENTURY. . 

The  AGME  GHURN, 

MILK  AERATOR  and  CREAM  SEPARATOR. 


Guaranteed  to  make  butter  from  sweet  or  sour  cream  In  from 
three  to  ten  minutes.  The  manufacturers  offer  JlOO  to  any  one  who 
can  beat  this  machine  on  time,  quality  and  quantity  on  any  given 
amount  of  sweet  or  sour  cream.  Made  of  the  very  best  materials 
and  is  guaranteed. 

It  will  pay  for  Itself  In  six  months.  It  will  interest  and  please 
father,  and  lessen  and  lighten  the  labor  of  wife  and  daughter.  It 
is  a  pleasure  to  churn  with  this  machine.  I  have  used  the  churn, 
as  shown  in  this  cut,  dally  since  July,  1902,  and  it  is  as  good  now 
as  it  was  then.  It  shows  no  wear,  and  the  more  I  use  It,  the  better 
I  like  it.  In  3,  6,  and  10  gallon,  siies.  Correspondence  solicited. 
Information  circulars  furnished  on  application. 

Make  a  note  of  this  and  continue  to  watch  Southern  Planter. 
Address 
THE  ACne  CHURN,  Lock  Box,  Richmond,  VlrglHU. 


ZESTPUL,  BTiANKNESS. 

Unexpected  frankness  now  and  then 
gives  a  special  zest  to  the  humor  of  a 
situation  in  Congress.  When  "Gabe" 
Bouck  was  the  Representative  from 
the  Oshkosh  district  of  Wisconsin,  a 
pension  bill  came  before  the  House, 
to  his  great  vexation  of  spirit;  for, 
while  his  personal  convictions  were 
directly  opposed  to  it,  his  political 
interests  were  strong  enough  to  whip 
him  into  line.  On  the  day  the  bill 
came  up  for  final  disposal  a  fellow- 
member  met  Bouck  in  the  space  be- 
hind the  last  row  of  seats,  walking 
back  and  forth  and  gesticulating  ex- 
citedly, bringing  his  clenched  right 
flst  down  into  the  hollow  of  his  left 
hand,  to  the  accompaniment  of  ex- 
pletives which  would  hardly  look  well 
In  print. 

"What's  the  trouble,  Gabe?"  In- 
quired his  friend.  "Why  all  this  ex- 
citement?" 

"Trouble?"  snorted  the  irate  law- 
maker. "Trouble  enough!  That  pen- 
sion bill  Is  up,  and  all  the  cowardly 
nincompoops  in  the  House  are  going 
to  vote  for  it.  Its  sure  to  pass — sure 
to  pass." 

"But  why  don't  you  get  the  floor 
and  speak  against  it — try  to  stop  It," 
suggested  the  other. 

"Try  to  stop  it?"  echoed  Bouck. 
"Try  to  stop  it?  Why,  I'm  one  of  the 
cowardly  nincompoops  myself!" — 
Francis  E.  Leupp's  "Some  More  Hu- 
mors of  Congress,"  in  April  Century. 


Representative  Hilborn,  of  Califor- 
nia, after  a  vote  In  the  House  unseat- 
ing him,  retired  to  the  cloak-room, 
where  he  held  a  levee  as  friends 
crowded  in  with  expressions  of  sym- 
pathy and  good  will. 

"Well,  Hilborn,"  said  one  of  them, 
"you  are  certain  to  come  back,  so  you 
ought  not  to  feel  so  bad." 

"Yes,"  said  Hilborn,  in  his  dry  way; 
"we  all  cherish  the  Christian  belief  In 
the  resurrection,  but  I  don't  think  that 
it  entirely  reconciles  us  to  death." 


j»    TZXE    j» 


SEABOARD 

AIR  LINE  RAILWAY 


OFFERS 

PROFITABLE 

INVESTMENTS 

TO- 


THE  MANUFACTURER^ 
THE  STOCK  RAISER^ 
THE  DAIRYMAN^ 
THE  FRUIT  GROWER^ 
— '    THE  TRUCKER. 
WHEBE  YOUB  LABOB  IS  NOT  IN  VAIN. 

Would  a  country  where  work  can  be  carried  on  the  entire  year  and  where  \tag» 
profits  can  be  realized  interest  you? 

The  SEABOARD  Air  Line  Railway  traverses  six  Southern  States  and  a  regioB 
of  this  character.  One  two  cent  stamp  will  bring  handsome  illustrated  literature 
descriptive  of  the  section. 

J.  B.  WHITE,  EDW,  P.  COST,  CHARLES  B.  RYAN, 

Gen.  Indnstrial  Agt.,  Portsmoatb,  Va.     Traffic  Mgr.       Gen.  Pass.  Ag.,  Portsmouth,  Ta. 


ASSETS.   $900.000. 

Virginia  Fire  and  flarine 

Insurance  Company,  of  Richmond,  Va. 

Insures  Against  Fire  and  Lightning. 

ALL    DESCRIPTIONS    OF    PROPERTY     IN     COUNTRY    AND     TOWN,    PRIVATE     OB 
PUBLIC,  INSURED  AT  FAIR  RATES,  ON  ACCOMMODATING  TERMS. 

AGEIirCIES  IBT  EVERY  TOWN  AND  COTJNTY. 

WM.  H.  PALMER,  PRESIDENT.  W.  H.  M'CARTHY,  SECRETARY. 


ANGORA    GOATS^ 

550  HEAD  of  registered  and  high-grade 
Angora  Does  and  Kids  for  sale. 


Clean  your  land  of  brush  and  fllth  and  double  yonr 
money  invested.  I  HAVE  DONK  IT.  Come  and  see 
for  yourself;  If  not  satisfied,  I  will  pay  your  R.  R.  faj^ 
and  expenses. 

19-See  Bulletin  No.  27,  Bureau  Animal  Indnstrr, 
Department  of  Agriculture,  for  information  about  th. 
Angora. 

M.  M.  SUTHEELAND,  WytheviUe,  Va. 


300 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[April 


Latest  improved  FARM  IMPLEMENTS. 


Aspinwall  Potato  Planter. 

Automarlo.  Accurate  and  Reliable.  Used 
by  thomands  of  practical  growers  the  world 
over.  Over  twenty  years  on  the  market. 
Don't  b«  fooled  by  Imitations  and  make-shlfls, 
bnt  write  for  attractive  Illustrated  catalogue. 


Special  prices  given  on  Studebaker  and 
Brown  Wagons,  Buggies  and  Carts.    Bement  Disc  Cultivator,  with  6  or  8  Disc. 

Built  entirely  of  steel,  steel  forglngsand  malle- 

_      _,       able  Iron.    The  most  simple  and  easiest  adjusted 

Studebaker  Buggies,  all  styles,  Stude-  cultivator  on  the  market  to-day.    Write  for  olr- 

...        _     ^        culars  and  testimonials. 

baker  Carriages,  Studebaker  Carts, 

Studebaker  Runabouts. 


Steel  Lever  Harrows. 

Wood  Harrows— All  sizes. 
Disc  Harrows— All  sizes. 
Spring  Tooth  Harrows— All  sizes. 
Acme  Harrows- All  sizes. 
Harrows  of  all  styles  kept  in  stock  at  low- 
est net  prices. 


i9.aA: 


Buclceye  Force  Pumps.     Porcelained 

Wood  Pumps.    Wood  and  Steel 

Wind  Mills. 

ELI  BALING  PRESSES. 

6>  styles  and  sizes.    For  horseor  iteam 

power. 

Write  for  prices  and  <atalognei. 


The  SCIENTIFIC  Grinding  Mills. 

The  Improved  Foos  Qas  and 
Gasolene  Engines. 


nnU'T  CflDISET  T  AU  the  merchants 
UUn  I  rUnUCI  ilntownwboclalm 
to  sell  Oliver  Plows  and  Repairs  only  sell  the 
Imitation,  Bogus,  Cheap  Goods.  The  only 
place  In  Richmond,  Va.,  to  buy  Genuine  OU- 
Ter  Plows  and  Repairs  Is  at  1488  and  1438  East 
Main  Street. 


^"^'^U 


One  and  Two-Horse  Planter,  Plain  or 
with  Fertilizer  Attachment. 


Cahoon  Seed  Sower. 
Michigan  Wheelbarrow  Sower. 

Three  sizes. 

CUHBERLAND  VALLEY  CORN 

SHELLERS, 

One  and  Two  Hole. 

The  frame  Is  made  of  thoroughly 
drv  hard  wood.  Thejolnt*  mortised, 
tenoned  andbolted.  The  bearmgs  are 
bolted  on  to  the  frame  Instead  of 
screwed.  The  Iron  work  Is  made  from 
the  very  best  material,  and  ever  piece 
Is  carefully  Inspected  before  being  put 
on.  This  machine  is  high-grade' all 
the  way  through.  It  is  handsomely 
painted,  striped  and  varnished. 

Write  for  special  catalogue  and 

price  on  any  implements 

wanted. 

Superior  Grain  and  Fertilizer 
Drills.    Hoe  and  Disc. 


Frick  and  Aultmen  and  Taylor  Engines, 
Saw  Mills  and  Threshers. 


Kemp's  Improved  Manure  Spreader, 
Three  sizes. 


'  Bement"  Improved  Duplex  Tooth  Weeders. 

Write  for  circulars  and  prioea. 


HENING  &  NUCKOLS,  ^iT&i»,  143i-3i  E.  Main  Street.  RIGIIMOND,  H. 


The  Southern  Planter. 


DEVOTED  TO 


PRACTICAL  AND  PROQRESSIVE  AGRICULTURE,   HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING,   LIVE  STOCK  AND    THE    FIRESIDE. 


Agriculture  is  ttie  nursing  motlier  of  ttie  Art8.=-XENOPHON. 
Tillage  and  pasturage  are  the  two  breasts  of  the  State. —SULLY. 


64th  Year. 


Richmond,  May,  1903. 


No.  5. 


Farm  Management. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH. 

The  uioiith  of  April  iijj  to  this  writing  (20th  of  the 
month)  has  been  throughout  the  South  the  most  un- 
genial  April  wo  have  ever  known.  It  has  been  one 
succession  of  cold,  showery  days,  with  one  of  tli' 
sharpest  frosts  in  the  first  week  we  have  had  since 
February.  Following  two  months  of  excessive  rai'i- 
fall,  this  weather  has  put  the  land  into  such  a  con- 
dition that  no  work  has  been  or  is  even  yet  possible. 
Tn  the  past  three  months  we  have  had  nearly  one-half 
<if  tlie  average  rainfall  of  the  year.  As  the  average 
rainfall  of  each  year  is  usually  about  the  same,  we 
may  reasonably  expect  that  this  wet  spring  will  be 
followed  by  a  dry  summer  or  fall,  and  that  the  water 
now  in  the  depths  of  the  soil  will  be  needed  before 
crops  are  matured.  It  will  be  well,  therefore,  to  con- 
serve this  by  keeping  the  surface  mulched  with  fine 
soil  as  much  as  possible  after  crops  are  planted.  T- 
the  semi-arid  regions  of  the  \Yest  a  new  method  has 
been  introduced  for  conserving  soil  moisture,  Avhifl 
is  being  found  to  be  of  great  value.  It  is  called  the 
Campbell  method  of  sub-surface  packing.  Tb^ 
method  is  to  plow  very  deep,  and  by  means  of  a  spe- 
cially constructed  implement  to  pack  the  bottom  of 
the  furrow  and  then  to  keep  the  surface  well  culti- 
vated and  covered  with  a  mulch  of  fine  dust.  Bv 
pursuing  this  method  of  conserving  the  winter  and 
spring  rains  it  has  been  found  possible  to  make  suc- 
cessful crops  on  land  where  little  or  no  moisture  fall? 


from  June  to  the  fall.     An  adaptation  of  this  sj\"st(nn 
niav  be  fmind  to  be  of  service  here  in  manv  seasons. 


The  condition  of  the  wliear,  oat,  eluvcr  and  grass 
crops  are  most  promising.  The  genial  weather  of 
March  set  them  to  gTowing,  and  this  has  continued, 
notwithstanding  the  coolness  of  the  month.  The 
average  condition  of  the  wheat  crop  on  April  1st 
throughout  the  country  was  97.3,  as  against  78.7  on 
April  1st,  last  year,  and  82.1  the  mean  of  the  April 
averages  of  the  last  ten  years.  Virginia  is  ahead  of 
all  the  States  in  the  condition  of  the  crop,  which 
stands  at  103  as  against  54  last  year,  and  84  for  ten 
years.  Xorth  Carolina  stands  at  100,  as  against  64 
last  year.  South  Carolina  at  93,  as  against  80  last 
year,  and  Maryland  at  99,  as  against  70  last  year. 
Tennessee,  Kentucky  and  West  Virginia  have  also  a 
high  average  condition.  Should  there  be  no  serious 
set  back  during  the  next  three  months,  the  promise  is 
for  the  largest  winter  wheat  crop  ever  grown.  Grass, 
crimson  and  red  clover  have  made  splendid  growth, 
Miul  promise  early  and  full  crops  of  hay — crimson 
clover  is  being  cut  alreadv  for  feed  in  this  section. 


The  work  of  planting  the  corn  crop  should  be  push- 
ed on  as  fast  as  the  land  can  be  got  into  good  order. 
We  would,  however,  strongly  wvge  that  too  great 
haste  be  not  made.  Let  the  land  dry  and  be  thor- 
oughly worked  before  planting,  even  though  the  crop 


302 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[May 


may  be  put  in  somewhat  late.  As  we  pointed  out  in 
our  article  on  "Work  for  the  Month,'' in  our  last  issue, 
more  depends  on  a  fine  condition  of  the  seed  bed  than 
on  the  fertilizer  that  may  be  applied.  Corn  planted 
in  cold,  wet  and  cloddy  land  is  not  going  to  make  a 
good  crop,  however  well  it  may  be  cultivated  after- 
wards. The  best  and  most  successful  cultivation  of 
the  corn  crop  is  that  which  precedes  the  planting  of 
the  crop.  In  our  last  issue  will  be  found  our  views 
as  to  best  method  of  planting  and  fertilizing  the  cro]). 
and  to  that  issue  we  refer  our  readers. 


The  cultivation  of  the  corn  crop  will  require  atten- 
tion through  this  month  and  the  next.  The  object  of 
cultivation  is  two-fold.  One  to  kill  the  weeds,  the 
other  the  conservation  of  the  moisture  in  the  land. 
The  latter  is  the  most  important  of  the  two.  With- 
ovit  abundant  moisture  the  crop  cannot  be  a  success, 
and  this  conservation  of  moisture  can  only  be  secured 
by  keeping  the  top  three  or  four  inches  in  a  finely 
broken  condition  so  as  to  destroy  the  capillarity  of 
the  soil.  When  once  the  soil  becomes  consolidated, 
moisture  evaporates  from  it  in  the  hot  weather  so 
quickly  that  the  tender  rootlets  of  the  corn  are  abso- 
lutely i^revented  from  securing  the  food  needed  to 
make  growth.  All  plant  food  is  taken  up  by  plants 
in  a  liquid  form,  and  the  amount  of  this  liquid  re- 
quired is  enormous.  At  the  Wisconsin  station  it  has 
been  proved  that  every  pound  of  dry  matter  in  a  corn 
crop  requires  310  pounds  of  water  to  make  it.  To 
secure  this  it  is  necessary  not  only  to  utilize  the  rain- 
fall during  growth,  but  also  to  call  upon  the  reserve 
moisture  in  the  soil  accumulated  during  the  winter 
and  sjjriug  months.  This  can  only  be  done  by  keep- 
ing the  surface  soil  finely  broken.  To  plow  the  crop 
deeply  will  not  serve  this  purpose.  Plowing  deeply 
and  exposing  large  surfaces  of  the  subsoil  to  the  ac- 
tion of  the  air  and  sun  is  the  way  to  dry  it,  and  n')r 
to  conserve  moisture.  This  method  of  cultivating 
the  crop  has  also  the  further  disadvantage  that  it 
damages  and  breaks  the  tender  roots  of  the  plant,  and 
thus  curtails  its  feeding  power.  What  is  needed  is 
to  encourage  the  making  of  more  roots;  rather  thnr 
the  cutting  off  of  those  roots  already  made.  Ye' 
fanners  realize  how  quickly  the  corn  plant  will  fill 
the  ground  with  roots  if  the  soil  is  in  a  fine  condition 
and  well  supplied  with  moisture.  Long  before  the 
corn  is  too  tall  to  work  tlie  whole  width  between  the 
rows  should  be  filled  with  the  feeding  rootlets  of  the 
plants  and  to  use  a  plow  through  these  is  to  irrepara- 
bly injure  the  crop.  The  best  implements  to  culti- 
vate a  corn  crop  with  for  the  first  two  or  three  work- 


ings are  a  harrow  or  a  weeder.  One  or  the  other  of 
these  implements  should  be  run  over  the  crop  before 
it  breaks  through  the  land,  and  this  be  repeated  at 
intervals  of  five  or  six  days  until  the  crop  is  too  tall 
to  be  thus  worked.  Whilst  this  may  seem  a  harsli 
method,  and  likely  to  result  in  pulling  up  or  injurin- 
tlie  plants,  it  will  be  foimd  in  practice  to  have  ii" 
such  effect,  but  will  result  in  keeping  a  fine  mulcli 
on  the  surface  and  will  destroy  all  weeds  as  fast  ;i- 
they  germinate,  thus  accomplishing  at  one  time  boll 
tlie  objects  of  cultivation.  The  number  of  tini' 
which  a  crop  should  be  cultivated  in  order  to  seci.i 
the  best  results  de2:)ends  largely  upon  the  character  • 
the  weather  during  the  growing  season.  It  should  lie 
ciiltivated  after  every  heavy  rain  as  soon  as  the  land 
is  dry  enough  to  work  freely,  and  at  other  time* 
whenever  the  soil  is  showing  signs  of  crusting  or 
whenever  weeds  are  appearing.  The  advantages  <A' 
frequent  cultivation  are  forcibly  shown  in  an  experi- 
ment made  at  the  New  Hampshire  Station, 
where  certain  plats  were  given  no  cultivation,  other 
plats  were  cultivated  five  times  and  other  platn 
were  cultivated  fourteen  times.  Some  of  the 
plats  wore  cultivated  shallow  and  others  deep.  Oi 
the  plats  not  cultivated  the  weeds  grew  luxuriantly, 
and  the  yield  was  17  bushels  of  shelled  corn  to  the 
acre.  The  jolats  cultivated  shallow  fourteen  times 
yielded  at  the  rale  of  80  bushels  of  shelled  corn  to  the 
acre.  On  the  plats  cultivated  shallow  five  times  the 
yield  was  79  bushels  of  shelled  corn  to  the  acre. 
Where  the  plats  were  cultivated  deep  five  times  the 
yield  was  69  bushels  per  acre.  A  plow  should  never 
be  used  to  cultivate  a  corn  crop.  It  has  no  place  in  a 
corn  field  after  the  crop  is  planted,  except  it  maj'  be 
in  the  rich  liver  low  ground,  where  climbing  vines 
are  so  troublesome,  growing  between  the  plants  in  tin 
rows.  ;Vs  these  cannot  be  reached  by  a  cultivator  if 
any  kind,  and  hoeing  is  too  costly,  a  light  furrow 
may  be  jilowed  ou  to  them  to  smother  them  out,  bui 
the  space  between  the  rows  should  be  cultivated  level 
with  either  an  Iron  Age  or  disc  cultivator  after  the 
crop  is  too  well  gro^vn  to  be  worked  with  the  weeder. 
Keep  the  soil  as  nearly  level  as  possible,  and  throw 
no  hills  to  the  corn.  The  idea  that  throwing  a  hill 
to  the  corn  will  prevent  it  being  blown  down  is  a  fal- 
lacy. If  the  corn  roots  have  not  been  cut  during 
growth  by  deep  cultivation  they  will  have  such  a  hold 
on  so  large  a  surface  of  the  soil  that  no  ordinary  wind 
storm  will  hurt  the  crop.  Hills  thrown  to  the  corn 
only  expose  a  much  larger  surface  of  soil  to  the  dry- 
ing winds  and  sun,  and  lead  to  drouthing  of  the  crop 
and  a  reduced  yield..    Cultivate  frequently  and  cuUi- 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


303 


vaie  level  and  shallow.  At  the  last  working  sow 
eitlier  cow  peas,  sapling  clover,  crimson  clover  or 
rape,  or  a  mixture  of  all  these,  and  then  in  the  fall 
after  the  crop  is  harvested  there  will  be  good  pas- 
turage, the  land  will  be  protected  from  washing,  and 
a  humus  making  crop  be  ready  to  turn  under  in  the 
spring. 

The  chopping  out  and  cultivation  of  the  cotton 
crop  should  have  attention  as  soon  as  the  plants  are 
large  enough  for  it  to  be  clearly  seen  which  are  the 
strongest  and  most  likely  to  be  left.  The  longer  the 
chopping  out  is  deferred  the  less  plant  food  there 
will  be  left  in  the  soil  for  the  plant  which  is  to  make 
the  crop,  and  the  more  the  plant  is  likely  to  be  drawn 
and  spindling.  Bring  to  a  stand  as  soon  as  can  be 
done  with  safety,  and  then  cultivate  frequently,  and 
cultivate  level.  Do  not  use  the  plow,  but  an  Iron 
Age  or  disc  cultivator.  The  same  principles  apply 
to  the  cultivation  of  the  cotton  crop  as  to  the  cultiva- 
tion of  the  corn  crop.  Sow  crimson  clover  at  last 
working  to  cover  the  land  in  winter  and  make  humiis. 


Tobacco  plants  should  be  set  out  on  well  prepared 
land  as  soon  as  they  are  large  enough.  Better  to 
plant  small,  stocky  plants  than  drawn  ones.  In  our 
last  issue  we  discussed  fully  the  preparation  of  the 
land  for  this  crop  and  the  fertilizer  best  fitted  to 
make  a  crop  which  will  sell  well.  To  this  article  we 
refer  our  readers.  The  indications  are  that  for  good 
tobacco  there  will  be  a  good  market  next  season  as 
stocks  in  dealers'  hand  are  light  and  consumption  i-^ 
active. 


Peanuts  should  be  planted  this  month.  The  de- 
mand for  these  nuts  has  been  good,  and  prices  better 
than  for  some  years  past,  and  the  stocks  held  by  deal- 
ers are,  we  are  told,  small.  This  would  indicate  n 
good  demand  for  tlie  next  crop,  as  the  consumption  i? 
a  growing  one  both  for  domestic  use  and  for  oil  and 
feeding  purposes.  We  are  strongly  of  opinion  that 
if  better  methods  of  preparation  of  the  land  and  r 
better  system  of  rotation  was  followed  and  more  con- 
sideration given  to  the  requirements  of  the  crop  in 
the  way  of  fertilizer,  that  much  heavier  crops  wouL^ 
be  grown  than  the  average  now  raised.  The  crop  it 
an  important  one  in  Eastern  Virginia  and  North 
Carolina,  and  the  land  well  suited  for  its  production, 
but  in  many  sections  they  have  been  too  long  grow, 
on  the  same  land  without  a  rotation  of  other  crops. 
According  to  the  census  reports,  the  area  devoted  t' 
growing  peanuts  in  1899  in  Virginia  was  116,914 


acres,  and  the  product  was  3,713,34-T  bushels,  the 
average  yield  per  acre  being  31  bushels.  In  North 
Carolina,  in  the  same  year,  95,856  acres  were  de- 
soted  to  the  crop,  and  tlie  yield  was  3,460,439  bush 
els,  the  average  yield  per  acre  being  36  bushels. 
These  yields  are  too  small  to  be  profltable,  and  fall 
far  short  of  Avhat  can  easily  be  made.  Fifty  bushel? 
to  the  acre  can  readily  be  made  by  planting  in  a 
proper  rotation  and  by  fertilizing  scientifically.  One 
hundred  bushels  per  acre  have  been  frequently  grown. 
Too  often  the  'practice  is  to  follow  peanuts  with  pea- 
nuts year  after  year  imtil  the  land  will  not  produce 
a  crop  worth  gathering.  At  best,  the  only  rotation 
is  peanuts  followed  by  corn,  and  then  by  peanut.« 
again.  This  is  too  short  a  rotation.  A  more  proii- 
table  way  would  be  to  grow  cow  peas  or  soy  beans, 
and  then  follow  with  peanuts,  and  after  this  crop 
plant  sweet  potatoes — the  three  crops  to  be  followed 
each  fall  with  crimson  clover  and  oats  or  wheat 
mixed,  to  keep  the  gi-ound  covered  during  the  winter, 
and  to  provide  a  humus  making  crop  to  be  plowed 
ilown  in  the  spring.  A  dressing  of  300  pounds  to 
the  acre  of  acid  phosphate  should  be  applied  to  the 
cow  pea  crop,  and  a  mixture  of  100  pounds  of  acid 
phosphate,  300  pounds  of  cotton  seed  meal,  and  65 
pounds  of  muriate  of  potash,  or  30  pounds  of  kainit 
to  the  acre  should  be  applied  before  planting  the  pea- 
nuts. A  dressing  of  25  bushels  of  lime  to  the  acre 
should  be  given  every  three  or  four  years.  We  are 
satisfied  that  if  such  a  system  as  we  suggest  be  fol- 
lowed it  will  result  in  a  much  heavier  average  yield 
of  nuts  and  the  fertility  of  the  land  will  be  main- 
tained and  enhanced. 


After  the  planting  of  the  staple  crops  is  completed 
attention  should  be  given  to  the  planting  of  forage 
crojis.  It  is  one  of  the  cheering  evidences  of  an 
improved  system  of  farming  being  adopted  in  the 
South  that  we  almost  daily  receive  enquiries  as  to  the 
proper  forage  crops  to  be  planted  and  the  method  of 
growing  and  harvesting  them.  This  is  an  indication 
that  live  stock  is  receiving  attention  and  becoming  a 
factor  in  farm  economy.  In  the  past  the  absence  of 
tliis  factor  has  been  the  great  weak  point  in  Southern 
farming.  Live  stock,  instead  of  being  regarded  as 
the  sheet  anchor  of  successful  farming,  was  looked 
upon  as  merely  an  incident  of  the  occupation  of  land 
and  as  a  means  of  getting  rid  of  some  of  the  waste 
products  of  the  farm  without  regard  to  their  profi- 
table utilization.  If  the  corn  stalks  and  straw 
sufficed  to  keep  the  animals,  apart  from  the  team, 
alive  during  the  winter  all  was  regarded  as  well.     If 


304 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLiJSTTEE. 


[May 


nov,  vliy  they  merely  pined  to  death  or  so  near  i- 
death  as  to  be  practically  worth  uitich  less  in  the 
spring  than  in  the  fall.  Now  on  thousands  of  farm? 
the  prolit  derived  from  cattle  and  sheep  is  a  large  ele- 
ment in  the  farm  returns,  and  the  resulting  mauuri 
a  great  factor  in  reducing  the  fertilizer  bills.  Tin. 
is  as  it  should  be.  No  country  ever  became  a  pro. 
peroiis,  fertile,  agricultural  country  without  liv( 
stock,  and  even  on  the  highest  priced  lands  in  ili 
world  they  arc  the  main  factor  in  securing  a  prot^ 
table  result  from  farming.  To  succeed  with  live 
stock  provision  miist  be  made  for  their  maintenance 
all  the  year  round  by  crops  specially  grown  for  thai 
jmrpose.  The  need  for  these  in  a  hot  climate  is  of  Ic 
almost  as  great  during  part  of  the  summer  as  in  th; 
winter.  ^Ve  have  known  few  summers  in  which  in 
the  South  there  \vere  not  one  or  two  months,  when  in 
the  absence  of  forage  crops,  cattle  did  not  suffer  front 
shortness  of  feed  and  make  no  progress  towards  ma- 
turity or  maintain  their  flow  of  milk.  All  this  can 
be  ob\iated  by  growing  a  variety  of  forage  crops 
coming  to  maturity  at  different  seasons  of  the  year. 
The  climate  of  the  South  is  especially  favorable  to 
the  production  of  the  greatest  variety  of  the  most 
nutritious  forage  crops,  and  due  attention  given  them 
will  place  the  stockman  in  a  position  to  compete  suc- 
sessfully  with  stock  raisers  in  any  section  of  the 
country.  In  another  article  in  this  issue  we  deal 
with  tliis  subject  more  fully,  and  to  that  refer  our 
readers. 


When  planting  the  corn  crop  don"t  forget  to  use 
some  pumpkin  seed  with  the  corn.  On  the  low  grounds 
esp(!cially  pumpkins  can  be  grown  with  advantage 
in  the  corn,  and  will  make  an  excellent  return  in  the 
way  of  good  feed  for  cattle  and  hogs  during  the 
winter,  and  at  the  same  time  do  no  injury  to  the  corn 
ci'op ;  inded,  some  growers  maintain  that  they  help 
the  corn  crop  by  shading  the  land  and  conserving  the 
moisture.  Mi.x  the  seed  in  the  proportion  of  aboufi 
1  of  pumpkin  to  5  or  U  of  corn.  The  Virginia  Mam 
mouth  is  a  good  variety  to  grow.  If  not  mi.^ed  with 
the  corn,  see  that  a  field  is  planted  with  pumpkins 
alone.  Lay  of!  the  rows  6  feet  apart,  and  drop  the 
seeds  (two  or  three  at  a  place)  6  feet  apart  in  the 
rows.  The  more  fertile  the  land  the  better  will  be 
the  yield.  It  will  pay  to  give  the  crop  some  fertil- 
izer, say  some  cotton  seed  meal  and  acid  phosphate. 


\\'heii  cnrresponding  with  advertisers,  kindly  men- 
tion the  Southern  Planter. 


FORAGE  CROPS. 

in  our  article  "■Work  for  the  Month,"  we  have 
drawn  attention  to  the  importance  of  making  prepa- 
ration for  the  seeding  and  planting  of  forage  and  feed 
crops  for  live  stock  at  this  time  of  the  year.  The 
number  and  variety  of  these  crops,  which  can  be  suc- 
cessfully grown  in  the  South,  is  so  great  and  their 
importance  in  the  farm  economy  so  weighty,  that  we 
have  thought  it  wise  to  devote  a  special  article  to  the 
suljject.  These  crops  may  conveniently  be  divided 
into  three  classes — first,  those  which  planted  now  will 
make  summer  forage  crops;  second,  those  which 
planted  a  little  later,  say  June,  will  make  fall  and 
winter  feed;  third,  those  which  planted  still  later^ 
say  August,  will  make  fall,  winter  and  spring  grazing 
and  an  early  hay  crop.  In  addition  to  these  forage 
crops,  there  arc  the  root  crops,  which  are  of  such 
great  service  in  tlie  successful  wintering  of  cattle, 
sheep  and  hogs.  Of  these  mangold  wurtzel  and 
sugar  beets  should  be  planted  this  month,  ruta  baga 
turnips  in  Jul}-  and  August,  common  turnips  in  Ati- 
gust  and  September,  and  artichokes  in  ]\Iarch  and 
April.  Among  the  forage  crops  in  the  first  class 
above  mentioned  are  the  millets  (Pencillaria,  German 
and  Hungarian),  sorghums,  and  (south  of  the  James 
river),  Teocinte.  Pearl  or  cat-tail  millet  (Pencil- 
laria, as  it  is  called  in  the  West)  is  one  of  the  best  of 
the  millets  for  making  a  green  forage  crop  to  be  cut 
and  fed  to  cattle  during  the  summer.  Sown  at  the 
rate  of  one  bushel  to  the  acre,  on  well  prepared  land, 
in  good  fertility  during  May  and  June,  it  will  make 
a  crop  ready  to  ctit  in  fifty  days,  and  will  yield  any- 
where from  five  to  ten  tons  to  the  acre,  according  to 
the  fertility  of  the  laud.  German  and  Hungarian 
millet  may  be  sown  from  this  time  until  the  end  of 
•J  uly,  and  will  make  a  fine  hay  crop  iu  from  sixty  to 
seventy"  days  from  the  time  of  seeding.  To  make  a 
heavy  yield  the  land  should  be  in  a  good  state  of  fer- 
tility, and  be.finely  prepared.  Sow  one  bushel  of  seed 
per  acre  broadcast,  cut  and  cure  before  the  seed  forms. 

Cow  peas  either  sown  alone  or  mixed  with  sorghum 
or  millet  make  an  excellent  crop  for  green  feeding  or 
grazing  or  for  hay.  To  he  used  for  these  purposes, 
they  may  be  sown  broadcast  from  May  up  to  the  end 
of  July.  Sow  at  the  rate  of  one  bushel  to  the  acre,  if 
sown  alone,  or,  if  mi-Ked  with  sorghum  or  millet,  sow 
three  pecks  of  cow  peas  and  a  peck  of  millet  or  sor- 
ghum. If  cow  peas  are  wanted  for  a  seed  crop,  they 
are  better  planted  in  drills  two  feet  six  inches  apart, 
and  scatter  thinly  in  the  drills.  They  should  be  cul- 
tivated once  or  twice,  and  will  make  a  much  heavier 
seed  crop  than  if  sown  broadcast. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


305 


Sov  heaiis  are  oue  of  the  best  feeds  that  can  l)c 
groAni  either  for  cutting  green  to  be  fed  to  hogs  or 
other  stock,  or  to  1>e  made  into  hay  or  to  be  allowed  to 
stand  until  the  seed  matures  for  a  seed  crop.  They 
are  the  richest  of  the  leguminous  crops  in  protein  and 
fat,  and  at  the  same  time  are,  like  cow  peas,  improvers 
of  the  land.  In  our  last  two  issues,  and  in  this  issue, 
will  be  found  articles  from  farmers  who  have  grown 
soy  Iwans,  speaking  in  the  highest  t-erms  of  the  value 
of  the  crop  and  of  its  case  of  cultivation  and  curing. 
Tliey  are  best  gro^\ni  in  drills  two  feet  six  inchts  apart 
and  dropped  in  the  drills  five  or  si.x  inches  apart.  A 
peck  of  seed  will  sow  an  acre.  They  should  be 
planted  in  May  or  June. 

Teocinte  is  a  most  valuable  fodder  ])lant  either  for 
cutting  green  or  cured,  but  is  not  suitable  for  growing 
north  of  the  J  ames  river.  It  is  a  sub-tropical  plant, 
growing  very  much  like  corn,  but  will  not  mature  seed 
north  of  the  Gulf  States.  This  plant  will  make  a 
mucli  heavier  yield  of  feed  than  corn,  as  it  stools 
enormously  after  being  cut,  as  many  as  fifty  stalks 
having  been  counted  coming  from  one  seed.  It  may 
be  cut  two  or  three  times  during  the  summer.  It  re- 
quires rich  land  to  produce  these  heavy  yields.  The 
land  should  be  deeply  and  finely  broken  and  the  seed 
be  planted  in  rows  tliree  to  four  feet  apart.  Two  tc 
three  pounds  of  seed  will  sow  an  acre.  The  seed 
should  be  soM'n  in  ilaj-,  o)-,  at  the  latest,  in  June. 

In  the  second  class  of  forage  plants — that  is,  plants 
intended  mainly  for  fall  and  winter  feeding — sor- 
ghum and  Xaihr  corn  are  amongst  the  best.     These 
crops  may  also  be  used  for  feeding  green,  sorghum 
of  the  Early  Amber  variety  being  an  especially  good 
green  feed  for  cattle  and  hogs.     The  saccharine  sor- 
gliuins,  like  the  Early  Amber,  are  not  so  resistant  of 
droiith  as  the  non-saccharine  oneSj  like  Kaffir  corn, 
and  it  is  therefore  often  well  to  plant  some  of  both 
varieties,  so  that  if  the  season  should  prove  a  dry  one. 
there  will  be  a  certainty  of  crop.     Kaffir  corn  will 
stand  drouth  better  than  any  other  forage  crop.   Botl 
the  forage  and  seed  are  good  feed.     These  sorghump 
may  be  planted  at  any  time  from  now  to  the  end  of 
July.     They  will  make  a  crop  on  poorer  land  thai 
corn,  but,  like  corn,  will  make  the  greatest  yield  O' 
good  land.     They  should  be  planted  like  corn,  in  row? 
three  feet  apart  and  the  plant  be  left  about  four 
inches  apart  in  the  row.      Cut  and  cure  like  corn.     A 
jieck  of  seed  will  sow  an  acre.     When  intended  for 
a  hay  crop,  from  two  to  three  pecks  should  be  sowi 
broadcast,  and  the  crop  should  be  cut  before  the  secf^ 
forms,  and  be  cured  like  hay.     We  will  deal  with  the 
crops  in  the  tliird  class  in  later  issues. 


SUCKERING  CORN. 

There  has  always  been  considerable  dift'ereuce  of 
opinion  as  to  the  injury  which  suckers  do  to  the  crop 
of  corn.  AVe  are  glad,  therefore,  to  be  able  to  report 
the  following  e.xperiment  made  by  Mr.  C.  E.  Day,  of 
Isle  of  Wight  county,  \a.,  on  the  subject.  He  says: 
"For  vears  I  have  been  pulling  off  the  suckers  when 
I  could  have  it  done,  being  of  the  opinion  of  many  of 
the  best  farmers  of  this  section,  who  thought  it  in- 
jured the  corn  not  to  pull  them  off.  I  determined, 
as  it  was  a  question  of  surmise,  to  gn'e  the  matter  a 
practical  test. 

"Last  year  I  had  a  ten  acre  field  of  corn  planted 
after  potatoes,  which  was  full  of  suckers.  Thinking 
thev  would  reduce  the  yield,  I  secured  a  force  of 
hands  and  pulled  them  off,  which  I  found  to  be  the 
hardest  job  of  any  done  during  the  year.  I  directed 
the  manager  on  iny  farm  to  leave  two  rows  at  differ- 
ent places  in  the  field  with  the  suckers  on.  The  rows 
were  200  yards  long. 

•Tn  the' fall,  when  it  was  time  to  'get  in'  the  corn. 
I  took  two  carts  with  some  men,  and  superintended 
most  carefully  the  gathering  and  measuring.  Erom 
"the  two  rows  not  suekered  I  gathered  three  flour  bar- 
rels and  a  bushel  and  one-half  in  the  ears.  Erom  the 
two  rows  alongside,  which  were  suekered,  I  gathered 
three  flour  barrels  and  a  scant  bushel.  So  you  will 
see  I  not  only  lost  the  cost  of  suckering,  which  is  prob- 
ablv  three  times  as  great  as  thinning,  but  I  made  less 
corn  by  half  a  bushel  in  the  ears.  I  examined  (but 
did  not  shuck)  the  other  rows,  and  could  see  no  dif- 
ference. 

"Now,  whilst  'one  swallow  does  not  make  a  sum- 
mer,' nor  may  one  experiment  prove  the  truth,  it  was 
so  convincing  that  1  will  never  pull  off  any  more 
suckers." 


BETTER  PLOUGHING  PAYS. 

Otmee  Natioxs  1'eat  us — Good  Flows  foe  Good 

Fl.OtTGHING. 

Editor  ,':^oidlicni  Planter: 

Flows  have  been  going  for  some  time,  and  will  be 
kept  busy  for  a  month  yet  to  come.  Generally,  pain.? 
enough  are  not  taken  by  ploughmen  in  the  United 
States.  The  object  of  ploughing  is  twofold— to  get 
the  stubble,  rubbish,  grass  and  weeds  buried,  and  to 
make  the  soil  mellow,  soft  and  fine,  so  that  the  roots 
of  the  plants  to  be  gTOwn  upon  the  field  may  pene- 
trate it  easily  in  all  directions  in  search  of  nourish- 
ment and  moisture.  The  cohesion  of  the  particles 
must  be  overcome  and  they  must  be  loosened  and 


306 


THE  SOUTHEE]^  PLANTER. 


[May 


separated  from  each  other,  because  crops  do  not  grow 
well  among  clods. 

Unlike  the  food  of  men  and  animals,  the  nourish- 
ment of  plants  must  be  in  the  liquid  state,  and  the 
finer  the  soil  is  reduced  the  easier  it  is  for  them  to 
obtain  it.  This  being  the  case,  it  is  easy  to  under- 
stand that  the  better  the  reduction  by  ploughing  and 
harrowing  the  better  will  be  the  crop,  if  we  only 
"cut  and  cover"  we  should  not  expect  the  plants  to 
flourish  on  the  "balks,"  nor  very  well  in  other  places. 

It  has  been  frequently  said,  and  is,  no  doubt  true, 
that  ploughmen  in  this  country  do  not  take  pride 
enough  in  ploughing.  In  Great  Britain  ploughing 
matches  are  of  frequent  occurrence;  the  ploughmen 
by  constantly  striving  after  perfection  become  very 
expert.  The  writing  master's  direction:  "Every 
line  and  every  letter  strive  to  make  a  little  better," 
is  as  applicable  to  ploughing  as  to  writing.  In  all 
kinds  of  work  unless  there  is  a  constant  effort  made 
for  improvement,  the  product  will  not  be  kept  up  to 
the  high  standard.  We  must  continue  to  do  our  best 
all  the  time,  or  our  workmanship  will  deteriorate. 
English,  Scotch  and  Irish  ploughmen  beat  us.  In 
Canada  also,  according  to  Professor  Shaw,  the 
ploughmen  excel  us.  He  says  that  in  a  journey 
through  Ohio  he  ,'did  not  see  a  really  straight  furrow. 
AVe  have  young  men  in  this  college  who  can  turn  a 
furrow  as  straight  as  an  arrow  course." 

Some  may  say  it  is  only  a  matter  of  looks,  and  that 
grain  will  grow  on  a  crooked  furrow  as  well  as  on  a 
straight  one.  So  it  will,  if  the  crooked  furrow  is  as 
well  crumbled  to  pieces  and  refined,  but  such  is  not 
generally'  the  case.  Ploughing  on  a  long  curve  may 
do  tolerably  well,  but  on  short  crooks  the  ground 
cannot  be  well  pulverized,  because  there  it  is  impos- 
sible to  maintain  an  even  furrow  slice. 

Good  ploughing  cannot  be  done  without  a  good 
plow.  Xo  amount  of  skill  or  watchfulness  on  the 
part  of  the  ploughman  will  avail  with  a  poor  tool. 
According  to  my  experience  a  short  plow  with  con- 
siderable twist  in  the  mold-board  will  mellow  up  the 
furrow  slice  in  a  stubble  field  better  than  a  longer 
plow  with  less  twist  in  the  mold-board.  The  short 
plow  M'lll  require  more  power  to  draw  it  through  the 
ground,  because  it  is  doing  more  work  at  crushing, 
kneading  and  disintegrating  the  particles  of  the  soil. 
The  long  plow  with  but  little  twist  in  the  mold- 
board  is  best  for  ploughing  sod-ground,  because  it 
raises  the  furrow  slice  more  gradually,  lays  it  over 
so  gently  that  it  does  not  become  broken  or  kinked 
and  draws  easier. 

To  do  the  best  work,  and  for  the  comfort  of  the 
ploughinan,  plows  should  have  wheels  to  regulate  the 
depth  of  the  furrow  and  maintain  an  even  depth  on 
uneven  ground.     This  cannot  be  done  with  the  clevis. 

A\  heel  plows  were  common  in  England  more  than 


140  jcars  ago.  They  used  two  wheels  and  four  coult- 
ers on  each  plow.  The  coulters  were  not  all  placed 
in  a  straight  line  on  the  beam,  but  were  fastened 
diagonally  across  the  beam,  the  object  being  to  cut 
up  the  ground  to  the  width  of  the  furrow  slice  be- 
fore it  was  turned.  The  jointer,  or  diminutive  ulow, 
luiug  in  the  beam  of  some  of  our  plows,  w^hich  is  so 
valuable  for  getting  the  grass  and  stubble  under,  is 
a  modern  invention.  We  find  no  account  of  it  in  the 
old  English  books  on  husbandry. 

Hales's  Book  of  Husbandry,  published  in  London 
in  1753,  says:  "Ploughing  is  the  capital  operation 
of  husbandry."  ''To  give  the  crop  the  full  benefit 
of  the  land  evei'y  lump  should  be  broken."  "The 
more  we  break  the  particles  of  earth  the  more  we  put 
ihe  soil  in  condition  to  furnish  plants  with  nourish- 
ment." J.  W.  Ingham. 

Our  correspondent  is  undoubtedly  right  in  assert- 
ing that  the  English  ploughman  is,  as  a  rule,  a 
much  belter  u-orkmau  than  his  colaborer  here.  There 
great  rivalry  exists  between  the  ploughmen  on  neigh- 
boring farms  and  the  work  done  under  such  circiun- 
stances  is  of  the  best.  We  have  seen  scores  of  acres 
ploughed  so  skilfully  that  the  furrows  were  as  true 
and  straight  as  though  laid  off  with  a  ruler,  and  the 
width  and  depth  of  each  furrow  almost  mathemati- 
cally exact.  This  results  in  an  evenly  grown  and 
ripened  crop  and  rows  capable  of  being  easily  culti- 
vated bv  machinerv. — Ed. 


IMPROVEMENT  OF  SOUTHERN  PASTURES. 

WjUClI   IlIIAl.L  IT  BE,  TUEEE  xVcEES  TO  EaCH  HeAD 

OF  Stock,  ok  Thkee  Head  of  Stock  to 
Each  Acee? 
Editor  Southern  Planter: 

It  lies  in  the  power  of  each  and  every  land-owner 
throughout  the  entire  South  to  determine  the  man- 
ner in  which  he  individually  will  answer  the  above 
query.  If  he  so  elects,  he  can  leave  his  so-called 
"pastures"  in  the  condition  so  many  of  them  are  to 
be  found  in  at  this  present  time — to  wit,  three  acres 
furnishing  but  a  very  scanty  subsistence  for  one 
single  head  of  live  stock;  or,  if  he  so  elects,  he  can 
so  improve  the  general  condition  and  fertility  of  his 
pasture  as  that  a  single  acre  of  it  shall  funiish  more 
and  better  grazing  than  is  now  furnished  by  three 
acres. 

I  have  seen  high,  dry  and  comparatively  poor  pine, 
sandy  land,  that  would  have  beeu  considered  a  dear 
bargain  at  50  cents  per  acre,  so  enhanced  in  value  by 
Bermuda  taking  complete  and  entire  possession  of 
it  (though  much  against  the  owner's  will  or  wishes 
in  the  matter)  that  $5  per  acre  would  have  failed  to 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEIT  PLANTEK. 


307 


purchase  it.  I  have  seen  many  acres  on  high,  dry 
and  comparatively  poor  sandy  pine  hills  that  were 
so  heavily  set  Avith  Bermuda  and  the  turf  so  dense 
that  one  single  acre  of  it  would,  and  did,  furnish 
more  and  better  grass  than  was  furnished  by  three 
or  more  acres  of  rich  bottom  land  where  the  so-called 
"native"  gTasses  were  the  sole  dependence. 

One  reason  the  average  southern  pasture  is  no  bet 
ter  til  an  it  is  is  on  account  of  so  many  useless,  un 
sightly  and  pestiverous  weeds  that,  each  in  its  season. 
are  allowed  to  take  possession  and  crowd  out  the  more 
useful  and  valuable  grasses,  as  dog-fennel,  sneeze 
weed,  etc.,  and  that  pest  of  every  lover  of  good  milk 
and  butter,  the  "bitter"  weed,  each  and  all  of  which 
might  be  eradicated  by  a  little  effort  in  the  way  of 
running  the  mower,  or  if  too  rough  or  too  many 
washes  and  gullies,  even  a  sythe,  and  cutting  them 
just  as  they  come  into  bloom  and  before  any  of  the 
seeds  have  had  time  to  mature.  Hand-pulling  is  a 
somewhat  slower,  though  surer,  method.  I  have  de- 
pended exclusively  on  the  latter,  hence  it  is  a  mere 
chance  if  I  ever  see  any  of  them  in  my  pastures,  and 
if  so,  they  are  immediately  pulled  up  and  more  often 
than  any  other  M'ay,  carried  to  the  fire  and  burned. 

I  am  satisfied  that  the  leeside  of  a  barb-wire  fence 
is  a  rather  poor  protection  from  either  a  cold  north- 
west wind  or  an  easterly  rain,  sleet  or  snow,  and  ii 
is  an  undoubted  and  indisputable  fact  that  animal 
heat  must  somehow  or  other  be  maintained  and  also 
that  said  animal  heat  is  far  cheaper  when  maintained 
from  the  outside  by  the  aid  of  a  good  shelter,  than 
from  within  by  the  more  costly  carbonaceous  foods. 
ISTo  pasture,  even  in  the  "Sunny  South,"  is  complete 
without  some  shelter  for  the  stock  to  rim  to  from 
sudden  northers,  etc.  "The  merciful  man  is  merci- 
ful ti  his  beast." 

Sufficient  timber  should  be  left  for  necessary 
shade,  but  as  grass  does  not,  and  cannot,  thrive  where 
shade  is  too  dense,  all  tiinber  not  actually  needed  for 
shade  is  a  detriment  to  the  pasture,  and  should  be 
cut  down  without  mercy. 

Whaever  arrangements  are  made  about  water,  and 
from  whatever  source  obtained  (living  springs  are 
best),  the  supply  should  be  both  abundant  and  pure. 
Tlie  health  of  the  stock  is  largely  dependent  on  the 
water  supply,  and  still  more  on  the  purity  of  thai 
supply.  The  fence  should  connect  with  the  barn 
yard  by  at  least  a  lane,  if  not  other  way,  and  be  put 
up  so  firm,  stout,  close  and  high  that  any  and  all  live 
stock  enclosed  therein  shall  be  actually  and  positively 
restrained  from  depredating  on  either  your  own  fields 
or  those  of    your  neighbors.       This  tends  to    keep 


peace  in  any  neighborhood,  and  may  save  lots  of 
trouble,  both  home  and  abroad  ,as  well  as  some  ex- 
pensive law  suits. 

The  one  great  error  into  which  many  of  our  farm- 
ing friends  have  been  led  is  that  something  can  be 
obtained  from  nothing;  that  the  pasture  forms  the 
single  exception  to  nature's  inexorable  law  of  resti- 
tution or  "so,  much  for  so  much,"  and  that  as  the 
animals  are  continually  depositing  excrementitious 
matter  on  every  square  yard,  or  even  foot,  of  it,  that 
instead  of  the  soil  of  a  pasture  becoming  depleted  or 
exhausted  of  its  fertility  until  grass  refuses  to  grow 
and  noxious  weeds  and  useless  moss  supplant  them, 
that  the  pasture  of  all  places  on  the  farm  should 
finally  become  iuunensely  rich  and  fertile,  in  fact, 
the  richest  land  on  the  place. 

It  is  needless  to  undertake  to  prove  the  above  to 
be  a  fallacy;  it  proves  itself  on  every  hand  the  entire 
country  over  and  i  n  each  and  every  individual 
pasture. 

To  keep  a  jjermanent  pasture  in  good  order  and 
increase  its  ability  for  growing  grass,  hence  its 
capacity  for  supporting  stock,  the  soil  should  be  fed, 
and  the  more  liberally  it  is  fed  the  gTeater  the 
quantity  of  grass  furnished  by  it  and  the  better  its 
quality,  as  far  as  succulence  and  nutrition  is  con- 
cerned. 

It  is  seldom  necessary  to  apply  nitrogen  to  a  per- 
manent pasture,  the  droppings  of  the  stock  and  the 
leguminous  plants,  as  the  vetches  and  clovers  inva- 
riably found  in  every  good  pasture,  tending  to  keep 
up  the  needed  supply.  Still  I  have  derived  both  sat- 
isfaction and  profit  from  an  application  of  fifty  or 
seventy -five  pounds  of  nitrate  of  soda  per  acre  broad- 
casted in  early  spring  before  the  weather  has  become 
sufficiently  warm  for  active  nitrification  to  set  in. 

The  pasturing  of  stock,  particularly  of  growing 
animals  and  of  cows  whose  milk  is  sold,  exhausts 
the  phosphate  and  potash  of  the  soil  very  rapidly, 
and  it  is  important  that  these  be  restored  if  the  sod 
is  to  be  kept  in  the  best  condition.  To  do  this  500 
pounds  of  a  fertilizer  containing  8  per  cent,  phos- 
phoric acid  and  8  per  cent,  potash  may  be  applied 
per  acre. 

Tt  is  a  great  mistake  to  locate  the  permanent  pas- 
ture on  the  poorest  part  of  the  farm,  as  it  requires 
as  good  soil,  better  and  more  thorough  preparation 
and  a  greater  amoitnt  of  after-care  to  make  and  main- 
tain a  really  poor  permanent  pasture  than  it  does  for 
any  other  crop  on  the  farm.  But  when  all  this  has 
been  efiiciently  and  rightlty  done,  aside  from  the 
vegetable  garden,  no  other  crop  on  the  farm  affords 


3u8 


THE  SOUTHEEX  PLANTEK. 


[May 


as  uuicb  satisfaction  nor  so  much  clear  profit,  thougli 
more  often  than  any  other  way,  it  gets  the  least 
credit  for  it.  G.  H.  Tukxek. 

Biirgrss,  Misf. 


THE  NEED  OF  POTASH  IN  VIRGINIA  LANDS. 

h'dlior  boiitliciK  I'lanlcr: 

As  ilr.  J.  S.  Woods,  in  the  April  niHuber  qnotes 
nic  in  regard  to  jwtash  1  feel  that  some  additional 
words  on  the  subject  may  not  be  amiss.  Dr.  Stubbs's 
experience  was  in  the  low-lands  of  a  river  heading 
ill  the  Blue  Jvidge,  and  it  is  generally  found  that 
where  this  is  the  ease  that  potash  is  plentiful  in  such 
lands.  But  if  he  applies  the  results  there  to  all  the 
sandy  soils  of  Tidewater  Virginia  I  think  he  will 
make  a  serious  mistake.  The  gradual  decay  of  epi- 
dotic  rocks  in  tlie  Blue  Itidge  brings  down  the  rivers 
tliat  rise  there  a  goodly  supply  of  potash,  which  i-^ 
lacking  in  tlu;  Tidewater  section,  where  this  is  not 
the  case.  It  depends  very  largely  on  the  nature  of 
the  soil  anywhere  as  to  what  its  requirements  are  as 
to  plant  food.  The  lands  that  are  devoted  to  tobacco 
in  ?<orth  Carolina  are  very  different  from  the  bot- 
tom lands  of  Albemarle  and  grow  a  very  different 
tobacco.  If  ilr.  Woods  practices  on  the  theory  that 
phosphoric  acid  is  all  that  tobacco  needs  he  will  soon 
iind  that  he  is  growing  a  very  poor  grade  of  tobacco. 
While  the  lands  of  the  Piedmont  section  are  abun- 
dantly supplied  with  potash  it  is  doubtful  whether  in 
most  of  the  lands  there  is  a  suliiciency  of  readily 
available  potash  for  the  tobacco  crop.  The  require- 
ments of  tol)acco  are  mainly  for  nitrogen  and  potash, 
as  is  shown  in  the  experiments  of  j\lajor  Kagland, 
which  you  give  in  the  Ajiril  number  of  the  Planter. 
An  excess  of  phosphoric  acid  will  harm  the  quality 
of  the  leaf  more  than  anything  else,  making  it,  as 
tlie  growers  say,  "boney."  The  best  crops  of  tobaccn 
grown  in  North  Carolina  are  grown  by  men  who  use 
potash  in  the  form  of  a  sulphate  largely,  and  while 
the  lands  of  Piedmont  Virginia  may  have  potash 
enough  available  for  most  farm  crops,  if  lime  is 
used  on  them  it  will  be  found  that  tobacco  needs  more 
readily  available  potasii.  Still,  a  great  deal  does  dc 
pend  on  the  soil  and  its  treatment.  In  Nelson  counts 
they  grow  fine  black  wrappers  with  no  fertilizer  but 
the  clover,  while  in  North  Carolina  the  growers  say 
that  they  cannot  grow  fine  wrappers  after  clover  or 
peas,  even  when  otherwise  well  fertilized.  The  fact 
is,  that  every  farmer  should  experiment  and  study 
the  needs  of  his  particular  soil,  and  not  jump  to  con- 
clusions based  on   local  experience. 

W.  F.  Massey, 
Editor  of  Practical  Farmer. 


HOW  TO  PREVENT  TOBACCO  FROM  DROWNING. 

Edilvr  Souilieru  Planter: 

I  would  like  for  many  of  your  readers  to  know 
wliat  to  do  in  ease  there  should  be  much  luet  weather 
after  weeding  their  tobacco.  The  rows  should  be  left 
nearly  level  after  the  crop  has  been  ploughed.  If 
the  tobacco  begins  to  wither  or  droop  go  quickly  and 
get  your  horse  and  plow  and  turn  the  soil  from  the 
liill  again..  By  so  doing  you  will  leave  the  plant  in 
a  draining  condition  and  the  plants  will  soon  flourish 
again.  I  presented  several  thousand  plants  of  my 
crop  of  1!>02  from  being  drowned  by  this  means.  1 
am  sure  this  will  be  helpful  to  those  who  are  now 
preparing  to  raise  the  vecd  in  some  of  our  eastern 
counties.  D.  D.  Cartek. 

Halifax  county,  Ya. 


THE  VALUE  OF  SOJA  BEANS  AS  A  FORAGE  CROP. 

f'Jditoi-  ,'^'iiiitlicrii  Planter: 

At  this  season  of  the  year,  when  onr  farmers  are 
]>lanning  for  their  spring  and  summer  crops,  it  would 
be  \\-e\\  to  comjiare  notes  as  to  the  value  of  some  of 
the  eroj)s  raised  the  preceding  year.  Often  it  is  well 
to  exchange  views  as  to  value  of  crops  raised,  even 
on  adjoining  farms. 

We  well  know  that  it  would  be  a  mistake  to  try 
and  feed  stock  without  a  corn  crop,  but  how  many  of 
us  have  raised,  in  connection  with  our  corn  crop,  a 
ciop  of  Soja  beans? 

About  six  years  ago  I  planted  three  pecks  of  Soja 
beans  in  drills  three  feet  apart  and  sown  about  like 
garden  peas.  Tlie  soil  was  a  sandy  loam,  and  con- 
sidered above  the  average.  This  three  pecks  yielded 
t\\'cnt\-three  bushels  measured,  allowed  to  ripen  for 
seed  and  cut  with  sickle.  This  little  crop  opened  my 
eyes  as  to  the  value  of  this  new  crop  for  feed.  The 
dry,  Avoody  stalks  were  eaten  with  a  relish  by  all 
stock.  I  had  some  ground  with  corn — one  peck  of 
beans  to  three  pecks  of  corn.  This  made  one  of  tho 
best  rations  for  milk  cows  I  ever  used,  and  also  fin- 
work  horses. 

The  following  year  I  sowed  twenty  acres  broad- 
cast and  cut  for  hay  and  found  them  first-class  for, 
general  feeding  of  all  kinds  of  stock. 

The  next  year  I  planted  ten  acres  in  drills  and 
began  to  cut  and  feed  when  in  full  bloom,  and  they 
were  relished  in  this  stage  by  cows,  horses,  mules  and 
hogs. 

Each  year  the  yield  of  grain  was  about  the  same. 

•Last  year  I  sowed  four  acres  on  the  3rd  of  July 

and  ploughed  in  with  a  small  Dixie  plow;  dragged 

flat  next  day.     The  season  was  favorable  and  I  had  a 

nice  lot  of  hay.     Cut  when  the  leaves  began  to  turn 


1903.] 


THE  southerns"  PLANTEK. 


30y 


yellow — before  dropping — and  this  made  as  fine  a 
lot  of  hay  as  any  one  could  wish  for.  I  would  not 
sow  more  than  one  bushel  to  the  acre  when  wanted 
for  hay,  as  the  natural  grasses  help  to  make  it  easier 
to  cure.  Don't  house  until  dry.  It  may  take  two  or 
three  days,  but  when  cured  properly  it  is  one  of  the 
best  crops  I  know  of. 

Xow  for  the  benefit  to  the  land.  If  you  will  pull 
up  some  of  the  growing  plants  you  will  find  the  roots 
thickly  "set"  with  nitrogen  nodules.  From  this 
source  comes  the  great  benefit  to  the  soil,  gathering 
and  storing  for  future  crops  the  most  expensive  ele- 
ment of  plant  food — ^viz.,  nitrogen.  Corn  planted 
on  land  the  following  year  after  Soja  beans  will  he 
benefited  by  an  increased  yield  of  30  per  cent. 

Experience  with  the  cultivation  of  cow  peas  and 
blackeye  peas  teaches  that  sowing  very  early  gives  a 
larger  yield  of  hay  and  less  grain  than  sowing  later. 
The  L'Oth  of  June,  in  my  judgment,  is  the  ideal  time 
for  sowing  cow  peas  and  blackeye  peas  and  the  20th 
of  ^lay  for  Soja  beans. 

Let  the  farmers  who  M'ant  to  try  this  new  (  '.)  croiJ. 
and  who  think  it  overrated,  plant  three  to  five  acres 
and  they  will  never  be  sorry.  D.  W.  MoRnis. 

Yorl-  county,  Va. 


RESTORING  THE  WORN  LANDS  OF  VIRGINIA. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

A  great  difference  is  found  in  what  ai-e  termed 
"Svornout"  lands.  The  "wornout"  lands  of  the  East- 
ern, Xorthern  and  many  portions  of  the  Southern 
States  are  brought  to  productiveness  only  by  a  long, 
tedious  and  expensive  process,  biit  the  "worn"  lands 
in  Eastern  Virginia  are  entirely  different. 

Comparatively  level  lands,  with  a  good  subsoil  of 
clay,  say  from  eight  to  twenty-four  inches  under 
the  surface,  where  the  original  timber  was  pine,  oak, 
hickory-,  gum,  beech,  walnut  etc.,  etc.,  are  not  "worn- 
oul"  in  the  true  sense  of  the  term. 

Such  land  is  like  the  blooded  horse.  The  horse 
may  be  thin  and  "worn"  and  ''run  down"  by  hard 
usage  and  abuse,  but  the  bones,  the  hide,  hair, 
muscles,  sinews  and  tendons  are  all  there.  The  hoof, 
the  eye,  the  spirit,  vim  and  vigor  are  all  there  (par- 
tially dormant,  it  is  true),  but  hay,  oats,  curry 
comb  and  brush  will  resurrect,  reconstruct  and  re- 
store the  thoroughbred  and  make  a  good  horse  of  him, 
because  the  foundation  is  there. 

So  with  our  land.  If  the  foundation  is  there  our 
lands  can  be  easily,  cheaply  and  quickly  recon- 
structed, restored,  rebuilt  and  made  reproductive. 

If  poor,  "wornout"  land  is  open  at  the  bottom  so 


that  it  will  not  hold  mamire  and  fertilizer,  and  is 
washed  away  on  top,  it  is  then  poor  and  "worn"  indeed. 

Thin,  "worn"  lands,  with  porous  subsoils  and  sur- 
face quite  rolling  will  require  the  best  of  handling  to 
bring  them  up,  and  such  will  not  "stg-y  there"  after 
iieing  brought  up. 

In  a  recent  pamphlet,  issued  by  the  Xorfolk  and 
Western  Railway  (said  pamphlet  edited,  and  very 
ably  edited,  by  Dr.  Patil  Scherer),  the  subject  of 
'"worn  out"  land  is  well  treated.  We  recommend  the 
testimony  contained  therein  to  the  owners  of  "worn 
out"  lands  of  Eastern  Virginia.  We  also  commend 
the  treatment  suggested  for  such  lands. 

By  the  way,  the  subject  matter  in  said  pamphlet  is 
not  only  comprehensive,  covering  a  great  scope,  but 
it  is  remarkably  well  and  concisely  treated,  and  we 
can  heartily  endorse  the  jjamphlet  from  start  to  finish. 
The  "worn"  lands  of  Virginia  are,  in  the  main,  all 
rigiit  for  quick  improvement. 

XorfnJl.-,  Va.  A.  Jeffer. 


BLACK  ROT  OF  SWEET  POTATOES. 

Can  you,  or  some  of  your  subscribers,  tell  me  what 
causes  sweet-potatoes  to  turn  black,  and  what  to  do 
to  prevent  it?  I  have  been  told  that  fresh  stable 
manure  makes  it,  but  this  cannot  be  so,  as  I  did  not 
use  any  at  all  last  year,  still  they  turned  black  badly. 

llanovcv  county,  Ya.  Joiix  Flick. 

Black  rot  of  sweet-potatoes  is  a  specific  germ  dis- 
ease which  affects  tlie  crop  in  all  stages  of  its  growth. 
Tlie  spores  of  the  disease  infect  the  soil  from  the 
tuliers  and  are  carried  also  from  the  vines  to  other 
vines.  In  this  way  when  once  it  has  got  on  to  a  farm 
it  is  a  most  difficult  thing  to  get  rid  of.     Professor 

Price,  who  has  made  most  careful  study  of  the  dis- 
ease, says:  "There  is  no  doubt  but  that  only  healthy 
slips  should  be  used,  which  means  the  careful  selec- 
tion of  perfectly  sound  roots  for  the  seed  bed." 
These  healthy  sprouts  must  tiien  be  set  in  soil  which 
is  perfectly  free  from  infection — that  is  to  say,  on 
land  on  which  the  crop  has  not  been  gro-svn  for  several 
years.  It  is  impracticable  to  apply  any  substance 
to  the  soil  to  kill  the  germs  that  have  accumulated 
there.  If  the  seed  j'otatoes  are  grown  from  vine 
cuttings  it  is  easy  to  get  rid  of  the  disease  by  plant- 
ing the  sprouts  from  these  seed  on  fresh  land.  A 
crop  grown  even  from  vine  cuttings  taken  from  dis- 
eased tubers  has  turned  out  to  be  entirely  free  from 
the  disease,  whilst  one  grown  from  sprouts  from  the 
same  tubers  was  almost  ruined  by  the  disease.  The 
manure  or  fertilizer  used  has  nothing  to  do  with  the 
disease.  It  is  only  propagated  by  the  spores  from 
diseased  tubers  or  vines. — Ed. 


310 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[May 


GINSENG  CULTURL 

Ginseng  {Panax  quinque folia)  is  a  native  peren- 
nial plant  closely  related  to  the  garden  parsnip,  car- 
rot and  celery.  It  grows  wild  in  oak  and  maple 
woods  in  all  the  more  Northern  States  and  extends 
southward  along  the  Allefhany  mountains.  In  North 
Carolina  this  plant  is  found  only  in  high  mountain 
valleys.  It  is  found  only  iu  moist,  loamy  soil  under 
deep  shade.  The  plant  cannot  endure  the  sun  and 
when  timber  is  cut  out  it  dies  from  the  locality. 

The  plant  as  found  growing  wild  is  from  eight  to 
sixteen  inches  tall  with  from  one  to  three  leaves, 
which  are  in  turn  composed  of  from  three  to  five,  or 
rarely  seven,  leaflets.  The  leaflets  are  arranged  like 
fingers  on  the  hand ;  they  are  ovate,  sharply  toothed 
on  edges  and  taper  pointed  at  tip.  The  flowers  are 
greenish-yellow  and  appear  in  Julj.  The  root  re- 
sembles a  parsnip. 

Wild  ginseng  is  extensively  collected  wherever  it 
abounds.  The  rapacity  of  collectors  is  fast  extermi- 
nating the  plant  and  many  attempts  have  been  made 
to  cultivate  it  artificially.  Most  of  'such  attempts 
have  ended  in  failure.  The  plant  is  very  difficult  to 
grow  and  only  with  great  care,  patience  and  consider- 
ble  expense  is  it  possible  to  succeed. 

The  wild  root,  dried,  brings  about  $2  per  pound. 
Cultivated  roots  often  bring  $5  per  pound.  The 
market  is  China  where  this  plant  is  the  universal 
nostrum.  American  physicians  say  it  has  no  medici- 
nal virtue  and  never  prescribe  it.  Owing  to  the  fre- 
quent stories  told  of  enormous  profits  to  be  made  by 
cultivating  this  plant  there  is  a  constant  demand 
upon  the  North  Carolina  Department  of  Agriculture 
for  advice  regarding  methods  of  growing  ginseng. 
To  those  who  want  to  try  the  experiment  the  follow- 
ing advice  is  offered: 

J.  Ginseng  cannot  be  profitably  grown  anywhere 
in  North  Carolina  east  of  the  mountains.  The  climate 
is  unsuitable. 

2.  There  may  be  profit  in  growing  ginseng  west  of 
the  Blue  Ridge. 

3.  Ginseng  cannot  be  grown  in  full  sunlight.  It 
must  have  a  loose,  rich,  moist  and  cool  soil.  Drought 
is  fatal. 

The  plant  is  propagated  from  roots  and  from 
seeds.  The  plant  produces  seed  in  abundance,  but 
the  seed  requires  to  be  planted  immediately  after  it 
becomes  ripe,  and  then  does  not  germinate  until  after 
eighteen  months.  The  best  plan  is  to  sow  the  seed 
as  soon  as  ripe  in  shallow  boxes,  tack  wire  cloth  over 
these  to  keep  out  mice  and  worms  and  jdace  box 
where  it  will  be  continuallv  moist  and  well  shaded. 


Let  the  young  plants  grow  one  year  in  the  seed  box, 
then  transplant  to  the  permanent  bed.  This  must  be 
rich,  moist,  loose  soil  well  shaded.  Set  the  plants 
about  six  inches  apart  iu  rows  eighteen  inches  apart. 
Cultivate  frequently  and  each  fall  mulch  the  bed 
with  straw  or  pine  branches.  If  everything  goes 
right  the  roots  will  be  fit  to  sell  the  fifth  year  after 
transplanting.  But  a  single  drought  may  ruin  the 
entire  ei'op  at  any  time. 

Mice,  moles  and  boys  are  the  only  pests  of  the 
croj). 

In  starting  a  new  plantation,  unless  the  seed  can 
be  had  directly  from  the  plant,  it  is  best  to  begin 
with  small  roots,  which  may  be  purchased  for  about 
$2  per  100.  H.  P.  Kelsey,  Kawana,  N.  C,  and 
George  Stanton,  Summit  Station,  N.  Y.,  supply  such 
roots. 

The  plantations  should  be  made  from  October  1st 
to  April  1st. 

When  ready  for  harvesting  the  entire  bed  should 
be  carefully  dug  up  and  the  crop  assorted.  Plants  too 
small  to  sell  may  be  replanted.  The  larger  and 
smoother  the  roots  the  higher  the  price.  The  roots 
are  simply  washed  clean  and  dried  in  the  sun  or  in  a 
fruit  evaporator.  The  following  persons  buy  for  ex- 
port, viz. :  Wallace  Brothers,  Statesville,  N.  C. ;  M. 
Sabel  i'  Sons,  Louisville,  Ky. :  S.  Wells  k  Co.,  211 
Vine  street  , Cincinnati,  O. ;  J.  L.  Cilley,  101  Gold 
street.  New  York.  Gekald  McCaktuy, 

Jidlelrjli,  N.  C.  Biologist. 


ARTIFICIAL  PROPAGATION  OF  BERMUDA  GRASS. 

Bermuda  is  proi)agated  most  successfully  by  plant- 
ing pieces  of  the  sod.  In  the  fall  while  breaking  the 
land  wiih  a  turning  plow,  drop  pieces  of  the  sod  in 
every  third  furrow  behind  the  plow  and  co\'er  with 
the  next  plow  slice.  Sow  rye  on  the  land  as  left  by 
the  plow  and  harrow  or  drag  it  smooth,  covering  the 
rye  seed.  In  spring  turn  cattle  on  to  pasture  the 
rye  and  aid  the  Bermuda  by  removing  shade  and  firm- 
ing the  soil  upon  the  Bemuda  roots.  Neither  horses, 
sheep  nor  hogs  should  be  allowed  upon  young  Ber- 
muda pastures.  These  animals  will  interfere  with 
the  sjjreading  of  the  Bermuda  by  biting  o£F  the  over- 
gi'oiuid  stems. 

For  spring  planting,  prepare  the  land  by  plowing 
and  harrowing  as  for  corn.  Open  furrows  2  feet 
apart,  and  in  these  drop  pieces  of  sod  every  2  feet. 
Cover  with  a  light  furrow  and  roll  down  smooth. 
This  should  be  done  late  in  March  or  in  April.  It 
may  be  planted  in  this  way  at  any  time  during  the 
summer  and  early  fall  by  covering  the  pieces  of  sod 
deeply. — J.  S.  Newman^  Experiment  Station,  S.  0. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER. 


3]! 


ENQUIRERS'  COLUMN. 

Enquiries  should  be  sent  to  the  office  of  The  Southern  Plan- 
ter, Richmond,  Va.,  not  later  than  the  15th  of  the  month  for 
rephes  to  appear  in  the  next  month's  issue. 


Artichokes. 

Will  you  state  in  j'our  next  issue  the  time  for 
planting  artichokes,  method  of  cultivation,  and  cost 
of  roots  required  per  acre  ? 

Bedford  Co.,  I'a.  W.  A.  Pexxer. 

Artichokes  should  be  planted  in  March  and  April, 
though  if  got  in  even  in  the  first  half  of  May  they  will 
usually  make  a  fair  yield,  though  this  is  late  to  plant 
them.  They  should  be  set  in  rows  three  feet  apart, 
and  the  sets  be  dropped  two  feet  apart  in  the  rows, 
and  the  land  be  then  cultivated  during  the  growth  of 
the  crop  like  corn.  It  requires  about  six  bushels  to 
plant  an  acre.  The  sets  usually  cost  about  $1.00  pei 
bushel. — Ed. 


Applying  Ashes. 

Please  let  me  know,  through  the  columns  of  your 
paper  when  is  the  best  time  to  apply  imslacked  ashes 
to  the  land. 

Fittsylvania  Co.,  Va.  H.  M.  Watkins. 

Ashes,  which  are  valuable  for  the  potash  and  lime 
which  they  supply  to  plants,  may  be  applied  without 
fear  of  loss  from  leaching  at  any  time  of  the  year,  but 
as  they  are  slow  in  becoming  available,  they  are  best 
put  on  during  winter  or  in  the  early  spring. — Ed. 


Nitrate  of  Soda— Effect  of  Use  of  Fertilizers  on 
Land. 

Will  you  kindly  tell  me  in  your  magazine  whether 
nitrate  of  soda  strains  land  or  not,  and  if  the  use  of  it 
is  once  begun  will  it  have  to  be  kept  up  and  used  in 
larger  quantities  every  year  ?  I  have  heard  such  a 
theory  from  some  good  farmers  around  me,  and  would 
like  to  have  your  valued  opinion.  I  was  of  the  opin- 
ion that  nitrate  of  soda  was  plant  food  in  its  most 
available  form,  and  that  the  reasons  plants  showed 
such  a  change  as  soon  as  the  soda  was  applied  was  be- 
cause the  food  was  immediately  available,  not  that  it 
made  the  laud  give  up  its  own  food.  I  may  add,  this 
is  my  first  year  at  farming,  and  I  have  no  practical 
experience  whatever.  Your  answer  to  the  above  will 
be  greatly  appreciated,  and  I  am  sure  there  are  others 
who  would  be  benefited  by  your  remarks. 

Darlington  Co.,  S.  C.  Pussell  Acree. 

Xitrate  of  soda  is  the  most  readily  available  form 
of  plant  food,  as  it  is  in  tlie  condition  in  which  plants 
take  nitrogen  when  applied.  It  has  to  undergo  no 
change  in  the  soil  except  to  be  dissolved.     Like  all 


other  forms  of  plant  food,  the  effect  is,  or  oiight  to  be, 
to  encourage  and  strengthen  the  gi-owth  of  the  crop. 
The  stronger  and  more  vigorous  the  growth  of  a  crop 
the  greater  the  amount  of  the  available  plant  food 
naturally  in  the  soil  which  it  will  assimilate,  and  thus 
talce  from  the  soil,  and  the  more  of  the  tough,  im- 
mediately unavailable  plant  food  it  will  act  upon  by 
its  root  acids  and  bring  into  available  form.  In  this 
way  all  fertilizers  and  manures,  if  they  are  worth 
anything  at  all,  deplete  the  fertility  naturally  in  the 
land,  which  by  their  action  is  converted  from  an  un- 
available asset  into  a  money  crop.  Any  land  pro- 
ducing heavy  crops  must  sooner  or  later  become  de- 
pleted of  natural  fertility,  and  to  continue  the  pro- 
cess must  be  helped  by  good  tillage,  to  get  the  bene- 
ficial action  of  the  sun,  air  and  moisture,  and  thus 
make  available  more  of  the  natural  plant  food  in  the 
soil,  and  by  manure  or  fertilizers,  or  both,  to  con- 
tinue the  healthy  growth  of  the  crops. — Ed. 


Crop  Rotation. 

I  would  appreciate  a  suggestion  as  to  what  crop  or 
crops  may  follow  on  land  at  present  in  onions.  I 
want  something  that  is  readily  marketable.  I  have 
alfalfa  to  plant,  and  according  to  The  Planter,  I  think 
the  best  land  I  have  is  in  my  orchards.  Would  you 
advise  using  it  there?  Any  information  on  these 
two  subjects  will  be  greatly  appreciated.  I  keep  my 
orchards  in  peas. 

Haywood  Co.,  N.  C.  John  F.\rrior. 

L  We  would  suggest  tomatoes  (we  assume  that 
you  want  a  trucker's  crop)  or  a  late  crop  of  Irish 
iiotatoes. 

2.  Tes.  The  alfalfa  would  be  beneficial  to  the 
orchards  and  a  source  of  profit  as  feed.  We  have 
seen  fine  crops  of  alfalfa  in  an  orchard. — Ed. 


Top  Dressing  Oats-Cow  Peas  for  Hay-Top  Dress- 
ing for  Clover— Fertilizer  for  Corn. 

1.  Kindly  advise  me,  through  your  columns,  whe- 
ther it  will  pay  to  top  dress  an  oat  crop  that  was  put 
in  with  drill  on  fairly  good  land,  and  on  which  I  used 
JOG  pounds  of  alkali  bone,  a  medium  grade  corn  fer- 
tilizer when  seeded.  If  so,  please,  advise  me  what 
to  use.     My  land  is  somewhat  of  a  red,  stiff  chocolate. 

2.  Which  is  the  best  way  to  put  in  cow  peas  to  be 
cut  for  hay.  I  want  to  use  fertilizer  enough  to  get 
a  rank  crop  of  vines,  so  please  advise  what  kind  and 
how  much  to  use,  and  what  time  to  seed. 

o.  I  have  a  field  of  clover  on  red,  stiii"  land,  that  is 
nearly  in  bloom.  Some  of  my  neighbors  advise  mc 
to  top  dress  it  with  200  pounds  of  plaster  to  the  acre. 
Please  advise  whether  you  think  I  would  get  enougli 
clover  to  paj'  for  the  plaster  above  what  I  would  ha\  (^ 


312 


THE  SOUTHEKX  TLAXTEK 


[May 


got  without  using:  the  plaster,  say  the  plaster  cost  90 
cents  per  aere^ 

4.  Please  advise  me  which  is  the  best  way  to  iise 
fertilizer  on  the  corn  cro]),  and  what  do  you  think  of 
])uliin<;  about  half  the  quantity  I  expect  to  use  under 
the  croj)  when  1  jilant  it,  and  the  other  when  I  give  it 
the  last  working  < 

Halifax  Co.,  I'n.  X.  A.  Tclloii. 

1.  We  have  used  nitrate  of  soda  (100  pounds  to 
the  acre)  as  a  top  dressing  on  oats  with  gi'eat  advan- 
tage. 

2.  Sow  tile  i)eas  broadcast  one  bushel  to  the  acre 
on  the  ])luwed  land,  and  cover  with  a  harrow.  Apply 
from  oOO  to  500  pounds  to  the  acre  of  acid  phosphate 
and  work  into  the  land  before  seeding.  Sow  the  jjeas 
at  any  time  from  the  middle  of  May  to  the  end  of 
June. 

•".  It  is  ^'ory  doubtful  if  you  would  have  obtained 
any  advantage  from  the  use  of  plaster  even  had  you 
apjilied  it  just  when  the  clover  commenced  to  make 
growth.  Certainly  you  would  get  no  advantage  from 
its  use  now.  Plaster  is  very  uncertain  in  its  effect. 
If  the  land  to  which  it  is  applied  is  rich  in  potash, 
l)laster  will  generally  show  marked  results,  l)ut  if 
jiotash  be  wanting,  no  effect  can  usually  be  seeu. 

4.  In  our  last  issue  we  wrote  fully  on  the  use  of 
fertilizers  on  the  corn  crop,  and  to  that  issue  we  refer 
the  inquirer.  If  applying  introgenonis  fertilizers 
heavily  it  is  often  advisable  to  apply  part  at  planting 
and  the  residue  at  the  last  working,  as  these  fertil- 
izers are  apt  to  be  readily  washed  out  of  the  land  by 
heavy  rainfall.  The  mineral  fertlizers  are  not  sub- 
ject to  this  loss,  and  therefore  may  safely  be  applied 
at,  or  better,  some  little  time  before  planting. — ^Ed. 


To  Prevent  Injury  to  Tomato  Plants  by  Cut  Worms. 

Tell  F.  E.  Oumhundro  (page  2-iT)  if  he  will  get 
some  stiff  ]iaper,  not  pasteboard  (old  postal  cards  will 
do),  cut  it  iu  pieces  2x3  or  3i,  and  fold  it  around  a 
lead  ])encil  to  form  a  tube  folding  the  longest  way. 
Pul  one  of  these  tubes  around  each  tomato  plant  when 
he  sets  them  out.  This  will  keep  the  cut  worms  from 
cutting  his  plants.  Put  them  in  the  earth  about  one 
incli,  so  tliat  tiie  wind  will  not  blow  them  awav. 


Cow  Peas  for  Improving  Land. 

A\'iiat  is  the  liest  jiea  to  sow  as  an  improver,  and 
is  it  Ix-st  to  turn  them  under  green  or  wait  until  they 
are  dry? 

Hanover  county,  I'a.  II.  J.  Rosba>_h. 

Either  the  black  or  clay  peas.  The  black  usually 
make  most  vines,  exce])t  south  of  the  James  river, 
where  the  Unknown  variety  grows  well  and  makes  a 


lieavy  crop  of  vines.     Lot  tlie  vines  die  before  plough- 
ing down. — Ed. 

Wtiitewash. 

I  would  like  to  ask  you  for  a  receipt  for  whitewash. 
Knu.r  county.  Tenn.  ~S[.  B.  Gat.von. 

An  excellrnt  whitewash  that  wears  four  or  live 
years  is  made  iu  this  way:  Slake  a  bushel  of  lime, 
strain,  add  a  half  bushel  of  salt  which  has  been  dis- 
solved iu  water  and  six  pounds  ground  rice,  after 
being  made  into  a  ])a.ste.  Stir  in  while  boiling  one 
pound  of  ground  A\hiting  and  two  pounds  glue  well 
dissolved  in  a  double  boiler. — Eu. 

Seeds  for  Pasture  and  Meadow— Fertilizer  for  Corn 
Land  and  Wheat. 

1.  I  have  a  field  of  rye  that  I  wish  to  turn  and 
sow  to  millet,  with  some  other  crop  that  would  make 
a  good  winter  pasture  as  soon  as  the  rye  is  cut.  Would 
this  Ik?  practicable,  and  if  so  how  many  pounds  of 
millet  and  other  seed  should  be  sowed  per  acre  ? 

2.  What  would  make  the  best  winter  pasture  ? 

?>.  IIow  mucli  and  what  kind  of  fertilizer  should  I 
use  per  acre  with  millet? 

4.  I  have  a  meadow  that  I  wish  to  turn  as  soon  as 
the  first  crop  of  grass  is  cut  iu  order  to  make  it  very 
rich  for  meadow  lUOl.    Is  it  practicable  ? 

5.  If  so,  what  kind  of  crop  would  be  best  to  sow 
that  would  make  a  good  forage '{ 

0.  How  many  pounds  of  seed  should  be  sowed  per 
acre  ( 

7.  How  many  pounds  and  what  kind  of  fertilizer 
should  be  tised  per  acre  i 

8.  What  time  this  fall  and  what  kind  of  grass 
would  _you  recommend  to  sow  with  timothy  for 
meadow  ? 

'•>.  What  kind  and  how  many  pounds  of  fertilizer 
]3er  acre  ? 

10.  What  is  the  best  crop  to  sow  iu  working  corn 
the  last  time  to  turn  down  in  the  fall  for  wheat? 
if.  How  many  pounds  per  acre? 

12.  What  kind  and  how  many  pounds  of  fertilizer 
should  l>e  used  per  acre  for  wheat? 

13.  What  crop  would  you  recommend  to  be  sowed 
iu  working  corn  the  last  time  for  winter  pasture? 

14.  How  many  pounds  of  seed  should  be  sowed  per 
acre  ? 

15.  I  want  to  make  a  piece  of  land  very  rich  for  a 
premium  crop  of  corn.  In  the  absence  of  stable 
manure  what  kind  and  how  much  fertilizer  should 
be  used  per  acre  ? 

10.  Would  you  please  give  me  the  name  and  ad- 
dresses of  those  who  deal  in  seed  and  fertilizers  whom 
you  would  recommend  '.  C.  M.  T. 

Scoll  county,  ^'a. 

1  and  2.  We  don't  think  it  ])racticable  to  sow  a 


1!)03.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER 


313 


crop  for  winter  pasture  with  a  millet  crop.  Sow  the 
millet  in  ]\ray  and  in  sixty  days  it  will  be  ready  to 
cut  for  hay.  Then  break  the  land  with  a  disc  har- 
row and  in  ^lugiist  seed  with  a  mixture  of  hairy 
vetch,  crimson  clover,  winter  oats  and  wheat.  This 
will  give  good  winter  and  spring  grazing.  Sow  twenty 
pounds  of  vetch,  ten  pounds  of  crimson  clover  and 
half  a  bushel  each  of  oats  and  wheat. 

:>.  Apply  300  to  500  pounds  of  acid  ]>hosphate  per 
acre. 

•i.  If  you  will  refer  to  our  article  on  "Work  for 
the  ^louth"  in  the  J\Iarch  issue  you  will  find  a  full 
discussion  of  the  subject  of  growing  hay  grass. 

;"i.  A'o  crop  should  be  grown  nntil  the  grass  seeds 
are  sown.  AV'ork  the  land  fre(]uently  and  get  it  into 
fine  (irder. 

(i  and  7.   See  reply  to  !No.  5. 

•S.  AVe  always  advise  that  timothy  should  be  seeded 
alone.  The  market  demand  is  for  clean  timothy  hay 
nor  mixed.  For  home  use  we  would  seed  clover  with 
timoth}-. 

9.  See  reply  to  jSTo.  C. 

10.  If  wheat  is  to  follow  corn  we  do  not  think  it  a 
good  plan  to  seed  any  crop  at  the  last  working,  as 
with  a  crop  turned  down  it  is  not  possible  to  get  the 
land  sufficiently  compact  for  the  growth  of  wheat 
after  the  corn  is  harvested. 

12.  We  will  write  fully  on  this  subject  later  in 
the  summer  nearer  the  time  when  the  crop  is  to  be 
seeded. 

13  and  ii.  Sow  sapling  clover,  crimson  clover, 
hairy  vetch  and  rape,  say  five  pounds  of  sapling- 
clover,  ten  pounds  crimson  clover,  twenty  pounds 
hairy  vetcli  and  two  or  three  jjounds  of  rape. 

ir>.  In  our  last  issue  Ave  discussed  fully  the  fer- 
tilizing of  the  com  crop.  We  refer  you  to  this 
issue.  Increase  the  qxiautity  of  each  ingredient  ad- 
vised to  the  extent  to  which  you  feel  disposed  to  pay 
for  it.  The  corn  crop,  however  good,  will  never  pay 
for  it,  but  the  crop  may  be  largely  increased  and  the 
land  improved. 

IC.  Hefer  to  our  advertising  columns.  You  can 
safely  deal  with  any  of  the  parties  whose  advertise- 
ments vou  will  hnd  there. — Ed. 


but  1  was  not  then  interested  in  the  subject  and  both 
these  gentlemen  are  dead.  The  dose  will  be  a  public 
benefit. 

A"('/(;/  W'iUlain  county,  Va.         B.  D.  Moncukio. 

Xux  vomica  (strychnine)  is  deadly  poison  to 
either  man,  beast  or  bird  if  given  in  even  a  compara- 
tively small  quantity.  We  are  aware  that  it  is  fre- 
quently administered  in  two  or  three  drop  doses  to 
human  beings,  animals  and  chickens  and  is  a  power- 
fid  tonic  in  this  form.  We  cannot,  however,  conceive 
it  possible  to  give  a  dose  sufficient  to  kill  a  hawk  to  a 
chicken  without  causing  the  death  of  the  chicken  as 
well.  We  shall  bo  glad  to  hear  from  any  one  who 
has  e.\i>erimented  with  this  remedy  for  hawks. — Eu. 


Protecting  Chickens  from  Hawks. 

I  know  jSTux  vomica  given  to  chickens  will  not  in- 
jure them,  but  is  certain  death  to  a  hawk  which 
catches  one  of  the  nux  vomica-fed  chickens.  Will 
some  one  tell  me  how  much  nux  must  be  given  in  feed 
for  ten  chicks  %  Dr.  John  Lewis,  of  this  county,  pro- 
tected his  chicks  that  way,  as  did  Mr.  R.  T.  Meech, 


Soy  Beans. 

( 'ould  you  collect  data  from  those  who  have  raised 
Stiy  liean  hay  as  to  methods  of  raising  and  curing. 
I  tried  last  year  your  method  of  putting  in  small 
]ulcs,  l)ut  it  moulded  before  curing.  M. 

llioiiias  county,  Ga. 

In  our  April  issue  information  is  given  by  a  con- 
tributor on  this  subject.  We  have  never  found  any 
difficulty  in  curing  the  Soy  bean  for  hay  or  for  seed^ 
Cut  the  crop  for  hay  when  in  full  growth.  Let  lie  in 
the  sun  until  thoroughly  wilted  and  partially  cured. 
Then  put  into  small  cocks  or  heaps  and  it  Avill  lie  sc 
open  that  both  wind  and  sun  can  penetrate  them  and 
complete  the  cure.  It  is  not  easily  injured  by  rain 
during  curing.  This  is  the  testimony  of  nttmerous 
grov\'ers.  Mr.  Morris,  of  Olney,  111.,  says  he  cuts  the 
(?rop  when  in  bloom  with  a  down  corn  binder  and 
hinds  the  crop  into  the  smallest  sheafs  he  can  make 
and  shocks  them  up  in  long,  narrow  shocks  and  lets 
them  stand  until  thoroughly  dry  before  putting  in 
bulk.— Ed. 


Teosinte. 

Will  you,  or  some  subscriber,  give  an  article  in 
the  May  Planter  on  the  cultivation  of  teosinte? 
Have  read  great  deal  of  it  recently  and  wish  to  try  it. 
Mrs.   Ch.vrles  Guthrie. 

Chariot fe  county,  Va. 

In  our  article  on  i'orage  (^rops  will  be  fotmd  in- 
■formation  as  to  the  growth  of  this  crop.  It  is  as  easily 
;;rown  as  corn  and  should  be  planted  and  cultivated 
in  the  same  way. — Ed.  f 


Curb  on  Horses. 

C  I.  Mitchell,  of  Brunswick  county,  Va.,  wishes  to 
know  what  will  cure  curb  on  horses.  I  find  that  the 
most  simple  and  eii'ectual  remedy  is  kerosene  oil. 
Apply  every  morning  and  rub  in  gently  until  th  > 


314 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[May 


knot  disappears  and  let  the  horse  have  rest  until  the 
forward  action  of  the  leg  is  natural  again.  Kerosene 
oil  is  a  good  remedy  for  any  unnatural  groAvth  on 
horses.  It  gently  blisters  and  dissolves  the  knots  to 
which  it  is  applied.  It  will  cause  the  hair  to  come 
out.  lUib  0)1  a  little  vaseline  and  the  hair  will  soon 
grow  again.  H.  J.  Kosbacii. 

Hanover  county,  Va. 


Removing  Stumps  With  Dynamite— Horse  Apples- 
Remedy  for  Scab  on  Irish  Potatoes— Obstructed 
Teat  of  Cow. 

1.  Will  you,  or  some  of  your  readers  who  know, 
please  give  me  minute  directions  for  using  djniamite 
to  remove  stumps  ?  I  want  to  know  where  to  get  it, 
cost,  etc.  1  have  a  lot  of  old  oak  stumps  from  15  to 
36  inches  in  diameter  cut  from  one  to  twenty  years 
ago,  which  I  want  to  get  out  of  the  way. 

2.  Will  horse  apples  come  true  from  seed,  or  do 
the}'  have  to  be  grafted  ? 

3.  I  use  flowers  of  suljihur  on  seed  pieces  of  Irish 
potatoes  after  cutting  with  very  satisfactory  results 
for  scab.  It  has  the  advantage  of  not  being  poison. 
What  kind  of  lime,  sulphur  or  salt  are  used  in  the 
tvash  for  San  Jose  scale  ? 

4.  I  have  a  cow  with  her  first  calf  whose  milk 
comes  in  a  sj^ray  instead  of  a  steady  stream.  I  have 
to  put  the  bucket  very  near  the  teats  to  catch  the  milk, 
What  can  I  do  to  remedy  it  ?  It  comes  this  way 
unless  I  milk  very  slowly. 

Areola,  N.  C.  J.  F.  Huntee. 

1.  Dynamite  is  sold  by  the  railway  supply  stores 
and  by  hardware  merchants  in  the  mining  sections. 
It  is  sold  put  up  in  cartridges,  with  time  fuses  ready 
to  be  attached.  We  cannot  give  the  price,  but  dealers 
will  gladly  quote.  A  hole  is  driven  under  the  stump 
with  an  iron  bar  large  enough  to  take  a  cartridge. 
This  is  then  pushed  down  the  hole,  with  the  fuse  at- 
tached, until  fairly  under  the  stump,  and  the  hole 
then  tamped  solid  with  damp  soil  and  the  cartridge 
tlien  fired.  It  is  the  most  effective  way  of  removing 
stumps,  but  requires  handling  by  careful  hands. 

2.  We  cannot  say.  Some  of  our  horticultural 
Iriends  will  please  answer. 

?>.  liock  lime,  flowers  of  sulphur  and  common  salt. 

4.  The  mouth  of  the  teat  is  obstructed  and  should 
be  opened  by  the  insertion  gently  of  a  steel  probe. — 
Ed.     .  ' 

Obstructed  Teats. 

I  have  a  three-fourths  Jersey  cow  (four  years  old), 
which  calved  at  two  and  one-half  years  of  age.  In 
light  or  nine  months  after  dropping  her  calf,  there 
:  I'peared  in  one  of  her  teats  what  seemed  to  be  a 


gristle  or  lump  at  the  neck  of  the  teat,  where  it  joined 
the  udder.  The  flow  of  milk  from  this  teat  was  im- 
mediately greatly  decreased,  and  what  she  did  give 
was  bloody,  and  consequently  unfit  for  use.  About 
one  month  ago  she  dropped  her  second  calf,  and  at  the 
time  all  her  teats  seemed  to  be  in  good  milking  con- 
dition and  all  right,  except  the  one  above  named. 
That  one  seemed  to  have  the  same  gristle  in  it  that  it 
had  at  the  time  she  went  dry,  but  does  not  discharge 
any  bloody  milk.  Within  the  last  few  days  two  other 
teats  have  got  in  the  same  condition  as  the  first  named 
•lie,  and  the  flow  of  milk  has  greatly  decreased  from 
all  three  of  them.  I  kept  her  well  milked  when  she 
ih'st  dropped  a  calf,  and  thought  I  had  her  udder 
well  "broke."  Please  give  me  all  the  information 
vou  can  upon  this  matter  and  suggest  a  remedv. 
Caswell  Co.,  N.  C.  A.  H.  D.  Kixg. 

The  cause  of  the  obstruction  in  the  teats  may  have 
been  either  mammitis,  which  is  an  inflammation  of 
the  mammary  glands,  or  it  may  be  stricture  of  the 
teats  or  internal  warts  in  the  teats.  If  caused  by 
mammitis,  we  are  afraid  that  it  is  now  too  late  to 
remedy  the  injur}-.  A  ease  of  mammitis  should  be 
treated  vigorously  immediately  it  is  foimd  out.  It  is 
indicated  by  swollen,  hard  glands,  which  are  tender 
to  the  touch,  and  there  will  be  fever  present,  the 
muzzle  of  the  cow  being  dry  and  hot.  A  purgative 
of  one  pound  of  epsom  salts  in  warm  water  should  bo 
given.  A  suspensory  bandage  should  be  made  large 
enough  to  take  in  the  whole  udder  and  to  fasten  over 
the  back  of  the  cow.  In  this  bandage  or  bag  holes 
should  be  made  for  the  teats  to  pass  through.  The 
bandage  should  be  packed  with  bran  and  hops  mixed 
in  hot  water  and  applied  as  warm  as  can  be  borne  by 
the  udder,  the  teats  being  passed  through  the  holes 
and  the  glands  resting  on  the  hot  bran  and  hops.  The 
bran  and  hops  should  be  kept  warm  by  pouring  warm 
water  on  them  frequently.  Keep  the  animal  warm, 
and  give  an  ounce  of  alcohol  three  times  a  day.  The 
cow  should  be  milked  many  times  a  day  and  the 
lumjjs  in  the  teats  be  worked  with  the  fingers,  and 
thus  be  broken  down,  if  possible.  If  this  treatment 
fails,  the  teat  will  become  iiseless.  Frequently  the 
glands  will  gather  or  suppurate,  and  they  should  then 
be  opened  when  a  head  is  formed  to  allow  the  matter 
to  escape.  If  the  cause  of  the  trouble  is  stricture  or 
internal  warts,  these  can  only  be  removed  by  an  opera- 
tion by  a  veterinarian. — Ed. 

Injury  to  Wheat  Crop. 

Our  wheat  is  turning  red,  and  the  top  blades  look 
as  if  they  had  been  burnt.  There  are  blades  all 
through  the  bunches  that  look  as  though  fired  from 
the  ground.     From  what  I  can  hear,  all  the  wheat 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


il5 


tliroiigh  the  country  is  affected  in  the  same  way. 
Please  inform  us  in  your  next  issue  what  is  the  cause 
of  the  troulile,  and  whether  or  not  it  will  hurt  the 
crop,  and  if  anything  can  be  done  for  it.  The  wheat 
has  a  fine  growth.  We  are  both  subscribers  to  The 
Planter,  and  woiild  like  very  much  for  you  to  answer 
this  in  its  columns.  Yours  verv  triilv, 

G.  H.'^Walkee, 
Charles  City  Co.,  Va.  E.  H.  Stubbs. 

We  have  a  similar  complaint  as  to  the  wheat  crop 
from  many  different  sections.  We  believe  the  cause 
to  be  the  cold  weather  and  the  frosts.  As  the  plant 
has  generally  made  such  a  good  growth,  we  are  hope- 
ful that  this  may  not  prove  hurtful  to  the  yield. — Ed. 


To  Prevent  the  Growth  of  Horns — Buckwheat  for 
Bee  Feed. 

^^'ill  j-ou  please  tell  me  how  I  can  prevent  the 
horns  from  developing  on  young  calves  so  that  it  will 
not  be  necessary  to  use  the  saw  ?  Also,  when  is  the 
best  time  to  plant  buckwheat  to  get  the  best  results 
from  bees? 

Faulkner  county,  Arh.  W.  G.  Denison. 

1.  Get  a  stick  of  caustic  potash  from  a  drugstore 
and  as  soon  as  the  little  button  from  which  the  horn 
grows  can  be  felt  on  the  head  of  the  calf  cut  off  the 
hair  upon  and  around  it  for  a  small  space,  wet  the 
end  of  the  caustic  potash  and  rub  on  the  button.  This 
will  burn  out  the  embryo  horn  and  no  cutting  will 
afterwards  be  necessary. 

2.  Buckwheat  for  bees  should  be  seeded  in  June  or 
July.— Ed. 


Moles. 

Can  you  tell  me  the  best  trap  to  use  for  catching 
moles,  and  if  they  can  be  poisoned,  and  with  what? 
There  are  a  great  many  round  the  house,  and  they 
ruin  the  gTass  by  their  passages  under  it,  the  hot 
weather  killing  it  out.  H.  G.  C. 

There  is  a  steel  trap  sold  generally  by  hardware 
dealers  which  is  as  effective  as  any.  Moles  are  diffi- 
cult to  poison,  a.s  they  are  not  gi-ain  or  flesh  eaters. 
They  are  almost  -wholly  insectivorous  in  their  diet, 
and  therefore  are  usually  much  more  beneficial  to 
farmers  than  otherwise.  We  have  heard  of  the  ani- 
mals being  poisoned  by  arsenic  mixed  in  corn  meal 
dough  made  into  little  balls  and  dropped  in  their 
runs. — Ed. 

Feed  brood  sows  very  little  for  the  first  week  after 
farrowing;  by  that  time  the  pigs  will  be  able  to  use 
all  the  milk. 


NOTES  FROM  SOUTHEASTERN  VIRGINIA. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

jMarch,  1903,  gave  us  no  frost  at  all.  The  coldest 
was  one  day  at  35.  The  rain  fall  for  March  wa.s 
6.01  inches,  that  being  1.37  inches  above  the  average 
March  rain  fall  for  the  past  thirty-three  years. 

Rain  fell  on  thirteen  different  daj-s — namely,  on 
the  Sth,  9th,  10th,  11th,  12th,  17th,  20th,  21st,"  22d, 
23d,  29th,  30th  and  31st.  No  damage  done  except 
in  a  few  cases  where  the  newly  planted  potatoes  did 
not  come  up  even  and  regiilarly — one-fourth  to  one- 
third  the  seed  rotting  in  the  groimd. 

We  ne^'er  suffer  from  high  water,  as  the  only  rise 
and  fall  in  our  streams  is  the  regular  rise  and  fall 
of  the  tide.  If  the  entire  rain  fall  of  the  year — 
about  50  inches — fell  during  a  period  of  thirty  days, 
the  surplus  water  would  all  be  in  the  sea  within 
twenty-four  hours  after  falling;  and  it  would  not 
carry  houses,  bridges  or  fences  with  it  either. 

While  the  surface  here  is  only  from  eight  to  twenty 
feet  above  the  sea  level,  still  our  section  is  well  drain- 
ed. Our  lands  do  not  wash,  and  our  plows  are  run- 
ning sooner  after  heavy  rains  than  in  the  interior, 
where  the  lands  are  on  edge. 

^Vllile  we  escaped  all  frost  in  March,  the  full  moon 
period  in  April  did  us  some  damage.  When  the 
moon  gets  full  during  the  first  half  of  April  we  look 
for  a  cool  spell,  possibly  frost.  Just  what  relation 
there  is  between  the  full  moon  and  cool  weather  we 
can't  say;  but  still  we  look  for  a  cool  wave  at  the 
time  stated.  The  moon  was  full  on  the  llth  of 
April  and  on  the  4th  and  5th  nights  there  was  frost. 

Fully  three-fourths  of  the  trucking  section  escaped 
damage,  and  the  other  fourth  was  not  damaged  se- 
riously.    The  thermometer  stood  between  30  and  31. 

The  tender  radish  was  not  injured  at  all.  The 
snap  beans,  just  up,  and  the  young  potatoes  and  the 
strawberry  bloom  in  about  one-fourth  of  our  truck- 
ing section  were  slightly  injured.  The  prospect  is 
good  for  a  full  crop  of  fruit. 

A.  Jeffee. 

Norfolk,  Va. 


Whole  or  piece  roots— Jacob  Wise,  a  West  Vir- 
ginia nurseryman,  says  he  sees  no  difference  between 
budded  and  grafted  apple  tree  stocks.  He  strongly 
urges  the  use  of  whole  roots  and  covers  the  graft  with 
a  wax  made  by  boiling  together  two  pounds  English 
resin,  one  pound  beeswax,  and  one  pint  linseed  oil. 
He  does  not  believe  in  the  use  of  piece  roots  for 
o'rafting. 


3:6 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[Mav 


Trucking,  Garden  and  Orchard. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH. 
The  continuous  season  of  wet  and  cold  weather 
which  we  have  had  during  April  has  caused  serious 
loss  to  the  truckers  of  Tidewater  Virginia  and  East- 
ern North  Carolina.  A  large  part  of  the  early  Irish 
l)otato  crop  will  be  a  complete  failure  from  the  rot- 
ting of  the  sets,  and  English  peas  have  in  many 
plaoes  Ijen  badly  cut  by  the  frost.  The  strawberry 
crop  has  also  been  injured  by  the  frost.  It  is  proba 
hie  that  whilst  the  total  yield  of  this  crop  may  not  be 
materially  reduced,  yet  the  return  from  it  will  be 
loss,  because  of  the  fact  that  the  earliest  blooms  and 
berries  have  been  injured  by  tlie  frost. 


The  work  of  sowing  and  planting  out  crops  of 
vegetables  has  been  almost  completelv  stopped  by  the 
weather,  and  what  promised  in  March  to  be  one  of  the 
earliest  seasons  known  is  now  likely  to  be  a  1  ate  one. 
As  soon  as  the  land  is  dry  enough  to  work  the  main 
crops  should  be  seeded  or  planted.  The  hardiest, 
such  as  English  peas,  onions,  spinach,  carrots,  beets, 
lettuce  should  be  first  got  into  the  ground.  Later 
sweet  corn,  snap  beans,  lima  beans  and  pole  beans 
may  Ije  planted.  Then  should  follow  cucumbers, 
squashes,  melons  and  cantaloupes,  and  later  peppers, 
tomatoes  and  egg  plants  may  be  set  out. 


Whilst  ricli  soil  is  absolutely  necessary  for  the 
best  production  of  vegetables  of  almost  every  kind, 
vet  it  is  possible  to  make  land  too  rich  for  all  the  dif- 
ferent kinds  of  beans.  These  are  very  apt  to  run  too 
much  to  vine  where  the  soil  is.overrich.  A  piece  of 
land  that  was  well  manured  for  a  crop  last  year  will 
usually  make  more  beans  than  a  piece  manured  just 
previous  to  the  jjlanting  of  the  croj).  When  planting 
lima  and  pole  Ix-ans  see  that  the  poles  are  well  set  in 
the  ground  at  or  before  the  planting  of  the  crop.  They 
should  be  set  at  least  a  foot  in  the  ground,  and  it  is  a 
good  plan  to  slay  them  by  running  rods  from  the  tops 
of  one  row  of  poles  to  the  next  row.  Many  beans  are 
lost  every  year  by  the  poles  being  blown  down.  The 
dwarf  lima  beans  save  trouble  with  poles  and  make  a 
good  yield,  but  as  large  a  yield  cannot  be  got  from 
this  variety  as  from  the  tall  growing  ones. 


form  the  .soil  should  be  thrown  from  them,  as  onions 
ougiit  to  mature  on  the  top  of  the  gi-ound  and  not  in 
it.  Wiiere  plants  have  not  been  raised  the  seed 
siiould  be  sown  at  once  in  rows  a  foot  or  fifteen  inches 
apart.  Sow  the  seed  rather  thickly  so  as  to  ensure 
plenty  of  plants.  When  as  thick  as  a  quill  thin  out 
so  as  to  stand  about  three  inches  apart.  The  Pearl, 
the  Prize  Taker  and  the  Southport  White  Globe  are 
varieties  that  make  excellent  crops  from  seed  in  the 
iSouth.  The  onion  set  crop  is  one  from  \\hich  money 
can  be  made,  as  there  is  always  a  large  demand  for 
sets.  The  soil  for  growing  sets  ought  not  to  be  so 
rich  as  for  grow  ing  onions.  The  seed  should  be  sown 
at  once  in  drills  a  foot  or  so  apart  and  very  thickly. 
Do  not  thin  out.  As  soon  as  ripe  they  should  be  taken 
tip  and  cured  with  the  tops  on. 


C  ucumbers,  cantaloupes  and  squashes  should  Ix-  set 
in  hills  four  or  five  feet  apart  each  way.  Give  each 
hill  a  good  shovelful  of  manure  and  a  handful  of 
high-grade  fertilizer  having  0  or  7  per  cent,  of  am- 
monia, i  per  cent,  of  phosphm-ic  acid  and  7  or  S  per 
cent,  of  potash.  I'lant  three  or  four  seeds  in  each 
hill  and  thin  to  one  plant  when  well  started.  Dust 
the  young  plants  with  bone  meal  as  soon  as  they  arc 
%vcll  out  of  the  ground  and  when  wet  with  dew.  This 
will  help  to  keep  otf  the  bugs.  Where  melon  bugs  are 
very  troublesome  the  only  way  to  save  the  plants  is 
by  covering  them  with  little  frames  covered  with 
plant  muslin. 


Tomato  plants  should  be  set  out  at  once.  In  our 
la.<t  issue  we  wrote  fully  on  this  crop,  and  to  that 
issue  refer  our  readers.  It  is  well  to  plant  a  hill  of 
corn  every  five  or  sir  feet  apart  This  will  save  the 
tomato  plants  from  the  worms,  which  prefer  corn  to 
tomatoes.  The  corn  can  be  pulled  out  and  fed  to 
stock  when  the  tomatoes  do  not  need  fttrther  protec- 
tion. 


Where  onion  plants  have  been  raised  from  seed  in 
cold  frames  thej*  should  now  be  set  out  in  rows  wide 
enough  apart  to  admit  of  working  with  a  small  culti- 
vator like  the  little  Plantet  Jr.  Set  them  about  four 
inches  apart  in  the  row.     When  the  bulbs  begin  to 


Plant  sncccssional  crops  of  sweet  corn  every  week 
or  ten  days  until  the  end  of  July  to  keep  up  a  supply 
through  the  season. 

Cultivate  all  growing  crops  frequently  and  keep 
down  all  weeds. 


Egg  plants  require  rich,  light  land  and  a  warm 
situation.  Give  them  plenty  of  mantire  and  a  hand- 
ful or  two  of  rich  fertilizer  to  each  plant     Look  out 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEX  PLANTER. 


317 


for  potato  bugs.  They  are  as  destriictive  to  egg 
plants  as  to  Irish  potaroes.  Use  Paris  green  in 
good  time. 


Don't  forget  the  front  garden  and  yard.  Set  out  a 
few  flowering  plants  in  the  beds  where  they  will  make 
a  good  show  from  the  house  and  from  the  highway, 
and  sow  a  few  packets  of  flowering  annuals  on  all  the 
beds  and  borders.  X  dollar  or  two  spent  in  plants 
and  seeds  will  make  the  home  much  more  attractive 
and  home-like  and  add.  to  its  value.  Keep  the  lawn 
mown  frequently  and  the  walks  swept  and  free  from 
weeds. 


ORCHARD  AMD  GARDEN  NOTES. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

While  examining  a  peach  tree  for  borers  recently, 
I  was  greatly  surprised  to  find  six  large  ones  and 
about  one  thousand  very  small  ones.  The  life  of  that 
tree  would  have  lasted  about  three  months.  Examine 
the  peach  trees  at  once  for  these  borers.  Use  a  sharp- 
pointed  knife  and  a  piece  of  wire  or  a  nail  to  destroy 
them.  The  presence  of  borers  is  indicated  by  gummy 
exudations  and  sawdust-like  particles  of  wood.  The 
best  preventative  I  have  ever  used  against  peach 
borers  was  made  of  white  lead  paint  and  Paris  green. 
Take  one-half  gallon  of  the  paint  and  mix  with  it 
one  teaspoonful  of  Paris  green.  After  the  borers  are 
taken  out  of  the  trees  paint  the  trunks  of  the  trees  up 
to  eighteen  inches.  Rake  the  dirt  back  around  the 
trunk  and  the  job  is  completed.  After  the  eggs  are 
deposited  on  the  trunks  of  the  trees  and  the  young 
borers  hatch  and  begin  to  cut  through  the  bark  they 
soon  get  enough  of  the  poison  to  kill  them.  I  have 
also  known  this  paint  to  save  trees  from  injury  done 
by  mice  and  rabbits. 

To  be  most  successful  the  trees  must  be  repainted 
each  year. 


At  the  present  writing  (April  15th),  the  prospects 
for  a  good  fruit  crop  in  Southwest  Virginia  were 
never,  perhaps,  better.  Of  course,  the  peach  crop 
has  been  damaged  about  50  per  cent  and  sweet  cher- 
ries about  25  per  cent.,  while  all  other  fruits  seem 
safe.  There  is  the  heaviest  bloom  on  fruit  trees  this 
year  ever  seen  by  me.  If  50  per  cent,  of  the  apple 
and  cherry  bloom  sets  these  crops  will  be  ample.  It 
is  a  great  pity  that  some  overzealous  newspaper  cor- 
respondents should  send  alarming  reports  to  our 
State  papers  about  the  damage  done  to  fruit,  when 
frequently  there  is  very  little  done.     It  is  a  very 


simple  thing  to  learn  how  to  know  when  fruit  is 
damaged,  and  there  is  no  excuse  for  not  knowing,  by 
even  a  newspaper  correspondent. 


The  Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute,  formerly  the 
State  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College,  is  in 
need  of  more  money.  The  number  of  students  at- 
tending this  Institution  have  increased  very  much 
during  the  past  five  years,  as  I  know  from  personal 
observation.  Being  an  alumnus  of  the  Institution, 
no  one  can  be  more  proud  of  its  progress  than  my- 
self. Desiring  to  see  still  more  progress  in  the  agri- 
cultural side  of  the  Institution  prompts  me  to  make 
a  few  plain  statements  about  the  needs  along  this 
line.  I  think  it  can  be  truthfully  stated  that  the  Ag- 
ricultural Department  has  no  home.  The  agricul- 
tural teaching  is  done  in  spare  rooms  at  different 
places.  There  are  good  agricultural  buildings  at 
many  other  agricultural  and  mechanical  colleges  with 
fine  agricultural  laboratories,  libraries,  seed  roomis, 
tool  rooms,  soil  physics  rooms,  stock  judging  rooms, 
etc.  The  sons  of  the  farmers  of  the  Old  Dominion 
deserve  as  good  agricultural  equipment  as  those  of 
any  other  State.  While  it  is  true  that  the  Agricul- 
tural Department  has  a  good  barn,  still  such  a  build- 
ing serves  a  very  small  part  in  class  instruction. 

Students  of  the  Horticultural  Department  are 
crowded  in  small  rooms  of  a  Imilding  which  was  n  ot 
built  for  teaching  purposes  at  all.  The  building  is 
not  suited  for  such  work.  It  is  a  wonder  to  me  how 
any  professor  can  teach  any  considerable  number  of 
students  in  such  a  building  with  any  satisfaction  to 
himself  or  students.  The  building  is  used  also  for 
station  work.  Still  good  work  in  both  lines  has  been 
done.  The  veterinary  department  has  a  small,  barn- 
like biiilding  in  which  afflicted  animals  are  kept. 

The  equipment  for  the  dairy  is  not  at  all  adequate. 

There  is  needed  a  large  agricultural  building  to 
hoiise  all  these  related  departments.  This  would 
economize  space,  since  several  of  the  rooms  and  some 
of  the  equipment  could  be  used  jointly. 

The  work  along  all  these  lines  should  be  broadened 
very  much.  I  would  like  to  see  a  short  winter  course 
offered  in  agriculture,  horticulture,  entomology, 
veterinary  science  and  dairying.  This  would  give 
practical  men  an  opportimity  to  learn  something 
about  tlie  latest  methods  along  all  these  lines.  Prac- 
tical instruction  and  demonstration  along  these  lines 
would  be  a  great  help  to  the  agi-icultural  interests  of 
the  State,  but  I  doubt  whether,  with  the  present 
equipment  and  the  way  these  related  departments  are 
scattered,  such  a  course  would  be  feasible.     These 


318 


THE  SOUTHER?^  PLANTER. 


[May 


short  winter  courses  of  practical  instruction  have 
been  successful  at  every  agricultural  and  mechanical 
college  that  I  am  familiar  with  where  the  equip- 
ment was  anything  like  what  it  should  be.  Efforts 
were  made  a  few  years  since  to  secure  an  appropria- 
tion for  an  agricultural  building  at  this  Institution, 
but  no  such  building  exists  on  the  grounds. 

There  is  not  only  need  of  improvement  along  agri- 
cultural lines  at  this  Institution,  but  with  the  State 
Department  of  Agriculture  also.  How  to  improve 
the  many  worn  farms  where  the  fertile  soil  is  being 
washed  to  the  rivers ;  how  to  rehabilitate  the  old 
homesteads  with  all  their  interesting  memories;  how 
to  develop  stocic  husbandry,  improve  the  dairy  inte- 
rests, take  proper  care  of  the  immense  orchards  now 
being  planted,  grow  more  grass  and  hay,  better 
forage  crops,  in  short,  to  make  rural  and  suburban 
homes  more  attractive,  are  great  things  that  affect  the 
jA'eal  or  woe  of  the  State.  There  are  no  other  inte- 
rests of  as  great  importance  to  the  State,  and  this 
fact  is  not  doubted  by  any  fair,  competent  and  unpre- 
judiced person. 

Let  the  equipment  come.    We  need  it  for  the  agri 
cultural  and  related  interests.  R.  II.  Price. 

Montgomery  county. 


ning  a  roller  over  them  or  by  patting  down  with  the 
shovel  and  plant  in  each  hill  five  or  six  seeds.  Thin 
to  two  plants  when  they  have  made  good  growth.  Cul- 
tivate until  the  plants  commence  to  run.  After  this 
time  the  vines  should  not  be  disturbed. 


WATERMELON  GROWING. 

The  best  soil  for  the  watermelon  is  a  high,  warm, 
sandy  soil.  Land  that  has  been  newly  cleared  or  an 
old  field  that  has  been  laying  out  some  years  are 
usually  good  places  for  melons.  It  is  well  not  to 
plant  them  on  land  which  has  grown  melons  within 
the  last  two  or  three  years,  as  a  fungoid  disease 
which  affects  the  plant  seriously  and  causes  failure  of 
crop  is  kept  alive  in  the  soil  on  which  a  diseased  crop 
has  been  grown,  and  will  assuredly  affect  a  crop 
planted  on  such  land  within  two  or  three  years.  Pre- 
pare the  land  well  by  deep  breaking  so  that  moisture 
will  be  conserved  in  the  soil.  Lay  off  the  rows  in 
checks  ten  or  twelve  feet  a  part  each  way  and  plant 
at  the  intersection  of  the  rows.  Throw  out  the  soil 
at  the  intersection  of  the  rows  for  a  space  of  four  or 
five  feet  each  waj'.  In  the  hole  thus  made  fill  in  a 
few  shovelfuls  of  a  good  compost  of  well-rotted 
mature  and  woods  mould  and  add  a  few  handfuls  of 
a  rich  fertilizer  analyzing  C  per  cent,  ammonia,  4  per 
cent,  phosphoric  acid  and  7  per  cent,  potash,  which 
may  be  made  up  of  300  pounds  of  nitrate  of  soda. 
750  pounds  cotton  seed  meal,  750  pounds  acid  phos- 
phate and  250  pounds  of  muriate  of  potash  to  make 
a  ton.  Mix  the  fertilizer  and  compost  well  and  cover 
with  good  soil.     Make  the  hills  solid  by  either  run- 


CANTALOUPE  GROWING. 

Mr.  W.  F.  Allen,  of  Salisbury,  Md.,  one  of  the 
largest  cantaloupe  growers  in  the  South,  gave  the 
following  description  of  his  method  of  growing  and 
ha7idling  the  crop  at  a  recent' meeting  of  the  Mary- 
laud  Horticultural  Society : 

"My  experience  has  been  that  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant items  in  profitable  cantaloupe  culture  is  good 
seed,  true  to  name,  of  the  variety  that  you  have  de- 
cided to  grow,  to  commence  with,  as  I  know  of  no 
crop  where  more  harm  can  be  done  with  poor  or 
mixed  seed  than  with  the  cantaloupe  crop. 

"The  most  desirable  location  for  cantaloupes  is  a 
sandy  loam  which  has  not  been  tilled  for  a  year  or 
two  or  a  clover  sod,  or,  better  yet,  where  cow  peas 
have  been  grown  the  year  before  and  the  vines  left 
on  the  gTound  to  be  ploughed  in  during  the  winter 
or  very  early  spring,  when  you  want  to  commence 
preparing  your  ground,  which  should  be  well  broken 
with  a  Uvo  or  three  horse  plow  and  put  in  thorough 
condition  with  disc,  acme  or  spading  harrow,  or 
something  that  would  produce  the  same  results. 
After  your  land  is  prepared  take  a  two-horse  plow 
and  run  out  furrows  about  Scinches  deep,  4^  to  5  feet 
apart,  going  twice  in  the  same  row,  in  order  to 
broaden  out  the  trench  and  clean  it  out  well.  Next 
you  must  turn  to  your  manure  pile.  A  good  compost 
of  stable,  pound  and  hog-pen  manure  is  very  good. 
Stable  manure  would  be  very  preferable,  everything 
else  being  equal.  I  use  New  York  citv  stable  manure, 
as  J  cannot  possibly  get  enough  at  home. 
/'"This  trench  or  furrow  should  be  filled  one-half 
or  a  little  more  than  one-half  full  of  compost  or  stable 
manure,  as  the  case  may  be.  If  your  furrows  are 
'ran  out  yoii  can  put  on  your  manure  even  if  the 
ground  should  be  frozen.  If  your  ground  is  not 
frozen  or  as  soon  as  it  thaws,  if  it  is  frozen,  take  from 
your  cultivator  the  front  shank  on  one  side  and  the 
rear  shank  on  the  other  side  and  provide  the  other 
three  shanks  with  1  j  and  IJ  inch  blades  and  shut  up 
cultivator  close  enoTigh  to  go  in  the  furrow,  go  four 
times  or  more,  if  necessary,  to  thoroughly  work  the 
manure  in  the  soil,  then  let  it  remain  until  about  ten 
days  before  you  are  ready  to  plant  your  seed;  when 
your  fertilizer  should  be  put  in  five  days  before  plant- 
ing will  do,  but  ten  days  is  better;  put  about  800  to 
1,000  pounds  an  acre,  running  something  like  6  per 
cent,  annnouia,  8  per  cent,  phosphoric  aeid,6  per  cent, 
potash. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTEE. 


319 


"The  best  thing  to  put  your  fertilizer  on  with  is  a 
hand  drill,  which  will  do  the  work  better  and  quicker 
than  you  can  do  it  by  hand.  After  the  fertilizer  has 
been  put  in  take  the  cultivator  which  you  have  al- 
ready prepared  and  go  twice  more  in  each  row.  jSTow 
take  your  two-horse  plow  again  and  throw  up  a  two- 
furrowed  list  over  your  manure.  Any  time  between 
this  operation  and  planting  take  a  big  roller  that 
will  cover  two  rows  at  once  and  roll  the  rows  off. 
This  leaves  you  a  nice,  firm,  smooth  seed  bed  to  plant 
in  with  manure  firmed  in  the  soil  and  moisture  pre- 
served to  germinate  the  seed  should  dry  weather  set 
iu.  x\ow  we  are  ready  to  plant  the  seed,  and  I 
usually  feel  safe  in  maliing  the  first  jjlanting  by  April 

JDtli.  Small,  light  weeding  hoes  are  used  for  this, 
and  six  to  eight  seed  are  planted  at  intervals  of  about 
eighteen  to  twenty  inches  along  the  row;  plant  one 
inch  deep.  One  week  from  first  planting  plant  again 

I  iu  the  same  way,  putting  the  hill  beside  the  first  one. 
Two  weeks  from  the  first  planting  plant  again  the 
same  as  at  first,  putting  the  third  on  the  other  side 
of  the  first  one.  Three  plantings  are  usually  suffi- 
cient, but  if  there  is  any  doubt  about  gettinp'  a  stand 
I  would  not  hesitate  to  plant  the  fourth  time,  al- 
though I  have  never  found  it  necessary  to  do  so. 

"These  repeated  plantings  are  very  imnortant, 
especially  in  the  event  of  a  cold  snap  late  in  the 
spring.  If  your  first  planting  is  up  they  may  all  be 
cut  off.  The  second  planting  would  be  already 
sprouted  and  ready  to  come  through.  If  your  second 
should  meet  a  like  fate  your  third  planting  would  be 
ready  to  burst  through  the  next  warm  day,  and  you 
would  be  a  week  or  ten  days  ahead  of  your  neighbor, 
who  waited  for  his  first  planting  to  come  up  before 
he  made  the  next.  I  made  this  mistake  once  and  it 
was  a  costly  one.  When  the  plants  have  made  tiie 
third  leaf  from  the  size  of  a  dime  to  a  quarter  they 
should  have  the  first  thinning  and  the  ground  should 
be  lightly  stirred  around  thepi.  If  the  first  planting 
are  good,  healthy  plants  pull  out  all  but  two  or  three 
of  the  most  vigorous  looking.  By  this  time  all  three 
plantings  will  likely  be  up,  and  it  may  be  that  in 
some  hills  the  second  planting  will  have  the  thriftiest 
healthiest-looking  plants.  If  this  is  the  case  the  hill 
may  be  established  from  this  planting.  It  will  not 
be  necessarj"  to  thin  out  any  but  the  bunch,  or  rilant- 
ing  from  which  the  hill  is  to  be  established,  this  time. 
By  the  time  the  plants  have  the  fourth  or  fifth  leaf 
they  should  be  again  stirred  and  get  their  last  thin- 
ning, leaving  one  plant  in  a  place,  the  surplus  plants 
in  the  hill  to  be  carefully  pulled  out,  and  the  surplus 
hills  can  be  easily  chopped  oft'  by  one  stroke  of  the 
weeding  hoe. 

"Keep  the  middles  thoroughly  cultivated  and  the 
rows  clear  of  all  other  growth  until  the  vines  are 
about  two    feet  long,  when  all    cultivation    should 


cease,  and  the  vines  will  quickly  cover  the  ground. 
It  has  been  my  custom,  and  I  think  it  a  good  one,  im- 
mediately after  giving  the  cantaloupes  the  last  work- 
ing to  drill  in  a  row  of  cow  peas  between  every  can- 
taloupe row  with  a  one-row  drill.  These  can  be  cul- 
tivated after  the  cantaloupe  crop  is  harvested  and 
left  for  seed,  cut  for  hay  or  left  on  the  ground,  as  is 
ruo.st  desirable.  It  sometimes  happens  that  there  is 
a  mat  of  crab  grass  on  the  ground  by  the  time  the 
melon  crop  is  off,  and  iu  this  event  I  often  let  the 
grass  and  peas  grow  up  together  and  cut  for  hay.  It 
niakes  a  very  fine  hay,  only  being  surpassed  by  hay 
that  is  all  pea  vine.  JSTow  the  cultivation  is  done 
and  the  peas  drilled  in  if  desired ;  there  is  nothing 
else  to  do  to  the  crop  until  we  go  to  haiwest  it.  One 
hundred  and  fifty  crates  an  acre  is  a  fair  yield.  1 
find  there  is  some  difference  of  opinion  about  pick- 
ing, and  it  is  really  necessary  to  pick  them  greener 
when  they  are  to  be  several  days  in  transit,  but  I  will 
give  you  my  way  of  doing  it.  The  first  half  of  the 
season  I  pick  them  as  soon  as  the  stems  can  be  forced 
with  the  thumb  to  part  from  the  fruit  without  break- 
ing out  a  piece  of  the  melon  with  it — that  is,  it  must 
come  off  smooth  and  not  tear  or  break  iu  the  flesh, 
'fhis  condition  should  prevail  before  the  cantaloupe 
has  begun  to  turn  yellow }  but  a  cantaloupe  that  is  in 
this  condition  and  just  right  to  ship  to-day  will  be 
quite  yellow  and  unfit  for  transportation  the  next 
day. 

"After  the  season  is  one-half  or  two-thirds  gone, 
and  the  weather  is  very  hot,  as  is  usually  the  case,  I 
find  it  safe  to  cut  them  off  with  stems  after  they  are 
full  grown  and  become  densely  netted.  It  requires 
careful  help  to  pick  a  crop  of  cantaloupes  without 
considerable  losses  from  picking  too  green  or  too  ripe. 
In  either  case  those  too  ripe  or  too  green  should  not 
go  in  the  package.  x\n  expert  should  follow  just  be- 
hind every  fifteen  or  twenty  pickers  to  see  that  thev 
are  doing  their  work  properly.  Wagons  should  be 
ready  to  take,  the  cantaloupes  to  the  packing  shed 
soon  after  they  are  brought  out  to  the  end  of  the 
rows." 


HEDGE  PLANTS. 

I  cannot  understand  the  interest  the  people  North 
are  taking  in  the  so-called  California  privet.  It 
grows  fast  and  makes  a  pretty  hedge  in  summer,  but 
it  browns  up  and  losses  its  leaves  in  winter,  so  that 
we  have  other  things  that  are  far  better.  The  Amoor 
river  privet  is  far  better  and  more  nearly  evergreen, 
though  it  does  bro-^vn  a  little.  There  is  another 
privet — Ligusfrum  Japonicum  or  Ihota —  which  is 
as  evergreen  as  a  holly.  It  is  more  dwarf  in  its  habit 
than  the  California,  which  is  from  Japan,  too,  and 
does  not  need  half  the  trimming,  while  growing  more 
dense  at  the  bottom.     All  the  privets  are  easily  pro- 


320 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[May 


pagatecl  by  long  cuttings  set  in  the  open  ground  in 
tlje  late  fall.  Make  the  cuttings  about  ten  inches 
long  and  insert  them  full  length  in  the  ground  after 
taking  off  all  the  leaves.  Work  them  one  season  in 
the  nursery  row  and  then  transplant  where  wanted  or 
set  the  cuttings  at  once  in  the  hedge  row  and  culti- 
vate there.  Head  the  hedge  back  to  within  six  inches 
of  the  ground  the  second  spring  to  get  it  to  spread  at 
the  base  and  then  shear  it  broad  at  the  bottom  and 
sloping  to  a  sharp  ridge  at  top.  Most  people  shear  a 
hedge  too  upright  and  flat  on  top  and  the  base  gets 
thin  because  it  is  over  shadowed.  Advise  your  in- 
quirers to  get  the  Amoor  river  privet  from  the  Barck- 
mans  Company,  of  Augusta,  instead  of  the  Califor- 
uia,  or  get  the  Ibota,  which  is  more  costly  and  slower 
to  grow,  but  is  far  better  when  grown. 

W.  F.  Massey. 


IMPORTANT  AND  WELCOME   NEWS    FOR   THE 
FRUIT  GROWERS  OF  VIRGINIA. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

For  several  years  the  Virginia  State  Horticultural 
Society  has  endeavored  to  obtain  better  rates  for 
shipments  of  apples  than  have  been  in  existence. 
The  Committee  on  Transportation  and  Marketing 
was  specially  instructed  to  make  representations  to 
the  railroads  operating  in  Virginia  on  this  subject. 
As  a  result  of  these  representations  it  is  with  the 
greatest  satisfaction  that  I,  as  chairman  of  this  com- 
mittee have  received  official  information  that  the  rates 
have  been  adjusted.  Mr.  E.  D.  Hotchkiss,  general 
freight  agent  of  tlie  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  railway, 
writes  to  this  effect,  and  in  his  letter  says,  in  part: 

"You  will,  no  doubt,  recall  quite  a  lengthy  corres- 
pondence and  several  conferences  on  the  subject  of  a 
modification  of  the  rates  on  fruit  from  Virginia  fruit 
growing  sections  to  eastern  territory.  The  matter 
has  been  one  of  consideration  for  a  good  while.  I  am 
very  glad  to  be  able  to  advise  you  that  at  several  re- 
cent conferences  this  matter  was  considered,  and  the 
following  announced  by  the  various  lines: 

''That  the  rates  on  apples  from  the  Virginia  ter- 
ritory included  in  Charlottesville,  Eockfish,  Lynch- 
burg, Staunton,  Goshen,  Lexington  and  Roanoke 
groups  to  the  following  eastern  groups,  viz. :  New 
York,  Newark,  Allento%\'n,  Flemington,  Philadel- 
phia, Reading,  Chadd's  Ford,  Baltimore,  York, 
Odenton,  Harrisburg,  Hagerstown  and  Washington 
be  made — less  car-loads  fourth-class  (former  rate 
thii'dclass)  and  car-loads  sixth-class,  the  minimum 
rate  to  be  observed  being  to  Baltimore  15,  to  Phila- 
delphia 16  and  New  York  17  cents  per  hundred 
pounds. 

''The  above  is  a  material  reduction  on  the  present 
basis,  and  I  am  sure  will  be  entirely  satisfactory  to 


yourself  and  your  associates,  and  it  will  be  our  pur- 
pose some  time  before  the  fruit  season  is  on  to  arranee 
to  publish  the  rates  in  accordance  with  above  *  * 
and  for  your  further  information  I  desire  to  say  that 
this  basis  will  be  applicable  in  connection  with  the 
Southern  railway,  Norfolk  and  Western  and  Balti- 
more and  Ohio,  the  same  as  with  our  company  (the 
Chesai5eake  and  Ohio)." 

The  above  means  that  car-load  rates  to  New  York 
will  be  252  cents  or  thereabouts  per  barrel.  It  is 
with  a  sense  of  the  greatest  satisfaction  that  I  find 
myself  in  a  position  to  submit  the  above  information 
us  the  result  of  our  efforts  on  behalf  of  the  fruit 
growers,  thus  tending  to  advance  the  development  of 
the  fruit-growing  industry,  and  I  now  appeal  (with 
confidence  after  this  showing  of  what  we  have  been 
able  to  effect)  to  all  fruit  growers  and  parties  inte- 
rested in  this  industry  who  are  not  already  members 
to  join  membership  in  the  Virginia  State  Horticul- 
tural Society,  ilembership  fees  are  $1  annually, 
which  can  be  sent  to  me,  as  secretary  and  treasurer, 
at  Crozet,  Albemarle  county,  Va.,  and  entitles  each 
member  to  a  copy  of  our  annual  report  and  all  other 
privileges  of  membership.  Our  organization  is 
steadily  increasing  each  year,  and  I  believe  no  better 
proof  is  now  needed  that  the  society  is  doing  all  it 
promised  on  behalf  of  fruit  growers.  These  efforts, 
of  course,  cost  time  and  money,  and  we  need  every 
member  we  can  obtain. 

Our  thanks  are  due  to  the  railroad  companies  for 
the  recognition  mentioned  above.  I  feel  satisfied  they 
will  find  themselves  gainers  by  the  increased  impetus 
that  will  be  thus  given  to  our  industry. 

Yours  very  truly,  Waltek  Whatei.y, 

Secretary  and   Treasurer   Virginia   State   Horticul- 
tural Society,  Chairman  Connnittee  on  Transpor- 
tation and  [Marketing. 
CrozrJ,  Va.,  April  15,  1903. 

We  are  very  much  gratified  to  know  that  the  efforts 
of  the  Horticultural  Society  to  secure  a  reduction  in 
ra!es  has  been  successful  Great  credit  is  due  the 
Committee  on  Transportation,  and  especially  the 
chairman  of  that  committee,  for  the  persistent  way 
in  which  he  has  followed  up  the  matter.  The  fruit 
gro\vers  of  the  State  owe  ilr.  Whately  a  debt  of 
gratitude  which  they  may,  and  should,  repay  by  be- 
cojning  members  of  the  society.  Concerted  efforts  by 
a  strong  organization  may  always  be  counted  on  to 
secure  success  sooner  or  later.  Make  the  society 
stronger  and  still  greater  results  will  be  obtained. — 
En. 


.\.u  old  broom  is  useful  in  the  stable  to  clean  the 
thickest  mud  from  the  horses'  legs.  Finish  up  with 
a  coarse  cloth  or  a  handful  of  clean  straw. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERI^  PLANTEE. 


321 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy. 


THE  MALE  THE  HALF  OF  THE  HERD  OR  FLOCK. 

For  years  we  have  been  trying  to  convince  our 
readers  that  the  only  way  in  which  they  can  succeed 
in  grading  \ip  their  herds  and  flocks  is  by  breeding  to 
pure  bred  bulls,  boars  and  rams.  In  defiance  of  all 
our  arguments  and  illustrations,  there  are  yet,  we 
are  sorry  to  say,  many  who,  whilst  most  anxious  to 
have  better  stock,  yet  begrudge  the  money  to  pay  for 
a  pure  bred  male  animal  of  fine  breeding  and  an- 
cestry, and  therefore  prepotent  in  power  to  im- 
press his  qualities  on  his  produce.  We  are  con- 
stantly in  receipt  of  letters  from  breeders  complain- 
ing that  Southern  farmers  decline  to  pay  more  than 
$50  for  a  bull  calf  or  $10  for  a  ram  or  boar  pig. 
This  is  very  false  economy  on  the  part  of  would-be 
buyers.  To  want  a  bull  calf  six  months  of  age  and 
weighing  anywhere  between  500  and  GOO  pounds  as 
a  pure  bred  animal  of  the  beef  breeds  ought  to  do  at 
that  age  for  $50  is  an  imreasonable  request.  Breed- 
ers having  bulls  at  the  head  of  their  herds  which  have 
cost  them  into  the  thousands  of  dollars  cannot 
afford  to  sell  at  such  prices.  Jfo  man  who  wants  to 
do  himself  justice  should  hesitate  to  give  $100  for  a 
bull  calf,  or  $25  for  a  boar  pig  or  a  ram  lamb  when 
he  knows  that  he  is  buying  pure  bred,  registered  stock 
from  breeders  of  repute.  The  get  of  the  animal  in 
one  season,  even  when  bred  only  upon  grade  stock, 
will  amply  repay  such  an  outlay.  The  increased 
size  of  the  calves,  pigs  and  lambs  and  their  greater 
thriftiness  will  make  them  worth  half  as  much  more 
when  they  are  six  months  old  as  animals  the  produce 
of  grade  sii-es,  whilst  animals  kept  to  maturity  will 
show  the  prei:)otent  power  of  their  male  parent  in  the 
increased  size  yield  and  well  doing  on  the  feed  con- 
sumed. A  long  experience  in  keeping  stock  of  all 
kinds  enables  us  to  speak  without  hesitation  on  this 
subject.  Whenever  you  decide  to  set  about  the  im- 
provement of  your  herd  or  flock,  and  the  sooner  you 
do  so  the  sooner  you  will  get  into  the  line  of  those 
whose  animals  are  keeping  them  instead  of  the  own 
ers  keeping  the  animals  as  is  so  largely  the  case  now 
in  the  South  with  cattle  especially,  for  it  is  well 
within  the  truth  to  say  that  more  than  one-half  the 
cows  in  the  South  to-day  are  costing  their  owners 
money  every  year,  instead  of  bringing  money  in ; 
let  the  first  step  be  the  purchase  of  a  pure  bred,  reg- 
istered bull,  boar  or  ram  of  the  breed  jou  have  de- 
cided to  adopt,  and  when  you  order  him  let  your  in- 
structions be  liberal.     Do  not  say  to  the  breeder. 


however  good  the  animal  be,  I  will  only  give  $50  or 
$10,  as  the  case  may  be,  but  ask  to  have  the  best 
animal  put  to  you  at  the  lowest  price  the  breeder  can 
alford  to  sell  at,  and  give  him  credit  for  knowing 
what  will  result  in  the  most  profit  to  you  and  the 
greatest  credit  to  him  as  the  breeder. 

BLACK  LEG  -TEXAS  FEVER. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

I  frequently  hear  of  losses  of  live  stock,  or  rather 
cattle,  from  black  leg,  and  I  write  to  ask  that  you 
will  call  the  attention  of  farmers  to  the  fact  that  if 
they  will  take  the  precaution  to  vaccinate  their  young 
cattle  that  there  is  no  danger  of  losses  from  that  dis- 
ease. It  is  to  be  used  as  a  preventative  and  not  as  a 
cure.  And  it  would  be  well  to  describe  the  disease, 
as  but  few  of  them  recognize  it  when  their  cattle  are 
suffering  from  it.  Hundreds  of  cattle  are  destroyed 
in  this  Stats  by  it  every  year  when  there  is  a  remedy 
at  hand,  or,  rather  preventative. 

I  am  also  a  firm  believer  that  the  fatal  Texas  fever 
can  be  prevented  by  the  use  of  the  salt,  sulphur  and 
saltpeter  mixture  which  I  think  you  published  once. 
I  give  it  to  you,  as  I  think  it  will  do  no  harm  to  put 
it  before  your  readers  again : 

One  gallon  salt,  1  quart  sulphur,  1  gill  powdered 
copperas,  1  gill  powdered  saltpetre.  Mix  and  keep 
before  the  cattle  at  all  times,  under  shelter  or  in 
covered  troughs,  and  do  not  give  them  any  other  salt. 

Fluvanna  county,  Va.  Stockman. 

We  have  repeatedly  drawn  the  attention  of  our 
readers  to  the  importance  of  their  availing  them- 
selves of  the  means  afforded  by  vaccination  for  pre- 
venting loss  of  cattle  from  black  leg.  In  almost 
every  issue  of  the  journal  there  appear  advertise- 
ments offering  the  remedy  for  sale  and  testimonials 
as  to  its  effectiveness.  In  our  issue  of  August,  1902, 
we  published  a  report  on  the  subject  from  the  Veter- 
narian  of  the  Experiment  Station  at  Blacksburg,  in 
wliich  he  showed  that  the  average  loss  of  cattle  in 
thirty  Virginia  coimties  from  black  leg  was,  before 
ihe  introduction  of  vaccination,  11  per  cent.,  whilst 
since  vaccination  had  been  practiced  the  loss  had  been 
less  than  1  per  cent.  In  this  report  the  Veterinarian 
says :  "Tt  must  be  remembered  that  vaccination  has 
no  curative  effect.  An  animal,  therefore,  which  is 
infected  at  the  time  of  vaccination  is  just  as 
sure  to  die  as  one  which  has  not  received  the 
vaccine.  ''  ^  *  Although  the  disease  appears  to 
be  on  the  increase  there  is  no  doubt  that  it  could  be 


322 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAiN^TER. 


[May 


stamped  out  in  a  few  years'  time  by  concerted  action 
on  the  part  of  farmers  by  a  thorough  system  of  vac 
cination  and  thorough  destruction  by  burning  of  all 
carcasses  of  animals  which  have  died  of  the  disease. 

Black  leg  vaccine  can  be  obtained  from  the  Experi 
ment  Station,  Blacksburg,  on  complying  with  certain 
rules  and  regulations.'' 

And  now,  as  requested,  a  word  as  to  the  disease 
itself:  It  is  a  bacterial  disease  in  which,  under  cer 
tain  conditions,  spores  (eggs)  form  which  are  capable 
of  great  resistance  to  detructive  agents,  and  when 
once  scattered  in  a  field  or  pasture  may  remain  for  an 
indefinite  time,  only  waiting  for  an  opportunity  to 
enter  the  system  of  a  sTisceptible  animal  and  produce 
the  disease,  hence  a  pasture  once  infected  may  remain 
so  for  years.  The  carcass  of  an  animal  which  dies  of 
black  leg  contains  countless  numbers  of  these  spores, 
and  unless  destroyed  by  burning  may  be  the  means 
of  infecting  a  whole  neighborhood.  The  disease  itself 
occurs  much  more  frequently  in  young  cattle  ranging 
from  6  months  to  2  years  old  than  in  old  cattle.  It  is 
not  often  seen  in  calves  under  6  months  old.  The 
most  fatal  period  is  ]  year  and  under  2.  All  young- 
cattle,  therefore,  between  the  ages  of  G  months  and  2 
years  should  be  vaccinated.  The  symptoms  of  the 
disease  are  loss  of  appetite,  dullness,  cessation  of 
rumination,  harshness  and  staring  of  the  coat,  eleva- 
tion of  temperature,  rigors,  coldness  of  the  extremi- 
ties, lameness  or  stiffness  Avhen  moved.  Tumors  form 
under  the  skin,  most  frequently  on  the  shoulders  or 
the  loins.  These  tumors  are  first  hot  and  painful 
when  touched  and  then  become  cold  and  insensitive. 
If  incised  a  dark  colored  and  foetid  fluid  is  dis- 
charged. As  the  disease  progresses  the  tumors  en- 
large and  the  animal  shows  great  pain,  the  breathing 
becomes  hurried  and  the  temperature  rises.  After 
death  the  animal  will  be  found  to  be  enormously 
swollen  with  bloody  froth  issuing  from  the  mouth, 
nostrils  and  anus. 

Texas  fever  preventive:  Whilst  this  will  do  no 
harm  to  try  it,  we  confess  that  we  have  no  faith  in  its 
efficiency  wherever  the  Texas  fever  tick  is  to  be 
found.  :Ed. 


A  RECORD  TEST  FOR  MILK  AND  BUTTER  OF  A 
HOLSTEIN  COW. 

The  secretary  of  the  Ilolstein  Freisian  Advanced 
Registry  sends  us  the  following  particulars  of  the 
testing  of  Sadie  Vale  Concordia.  It  establishes  a 
new  record  for  the  breed : 

Sadie  Vale  Concordia,  32259,  age  10  years,  2 
months,  24  days.     Record  for  twenty-eight  days — 


days  after  calving  5 — milk  2,565.6  pounds,  butter 
fat  'J2.327  pounds,  equivalent  to  115  pounds,  6.5 
ounces  butter  80  per  cent,  fat,  or  107  pounds, 
11.4  ounces  85.7  per  cent,  fat;  best  seven  consecutive 
days — days  after  calving  14 — milk  694.3  pounds, 
butter  fat  24.508  pounds,  equivalent  butter  80  per 
cent,  fat,  30  pounds,  10.2  ounces,  or  28  pounds,  9.5 
ounces  85.7  per  cent.  fat.  This  cow  was  retested 
twice,  the  first  time  showing  a  product  of  less  than  a 
half  ounce  of  the  average  of  the  previous  seven  days ; 
the  second  a  product  of  eight  one-hundredths  of  an 
ounce  less  than  the  average  of  the  best  seven  days. 
This  record  is  undoubtedly  the  largest  strictly  official 
record  ever  reported.  Owner,  McAdam  &  Von 
Heyue,  Deansboro,  N.  Y. 

As  showing  what  such  a  record  adds  to  the  value 
of  the  progeny  of  a  cow,  we  note  that  Henry  Stevens 
&  Son,  well-known  !New  York  breeders  of  Holstein 
nattle,  have  recently  paid  $4,000  for  the  9-weeks-old 
Ijull  calf  out  of  Sadie  Vale  Concordia,  the  cow  that 
established  new  records  for  seven  and  thirty  days' 
production  of  milk  and  butter  fat. 


A    FARMER'S    OBSERVATIONS    ON    FEEDING- 
FEEDING  FOR  PROFIT. 

Editor  Soidhern  Flaider: 

Next  in  importance  to  providing  the  kind  of  food 
that  will  produce  the  largest  amount  of  flesh,  or  milk, 
at  the  least  cost,  is  to  secure  a  perfect  digestion  of  the 
food.  A  food  may  be  rich  in  all  the  elements  nature 
requires  to  support  the  animal  economy,  but  unless 
the  nourishment  is  extracted  from  it  the  food  will  be 
of  no  value  to  the  animal,  or  its  owner,  except  for 
manure.  Digestion  is  the  process  by  which  the  food, 
after  having  been  reduced  by  mastication  to  consider- 
able fineness,  and  mixed  with  the  saliva  of  the  mouth 
and  throat  to  facilitate  swallowing,  jDasses  into  the 
first  stomach,  is  there  acted  \ipon  by  a  powerful  sol- 
vent called  the  gastric  juice,  is  subjected  to  a  grinding 
process  to  still  further  reduce  its  particles,  the  coarse'' 
parts  returned  to  the  mouth  for  remastication  to  be 
again  swallowed  and  acted  upon  by  the  organs  of  the 
four  stomachs  and  intestines ;  the  most  nutritious  por- 
tions, called  cliyle,  extracted  and  absorbed  by  the 
lacteals,  or  vessels  provided  for  the  purpose,  is 
changed  into  blood  and  from  blood  into  flesh 

This  being  the  case,  it  will  be  readily  seen  that  one 
great  aid  to  digestion  when  grain  is  fed  is  to  have  it 
ground,  and  the  finer  the  better.  I  am  aware  that 
many  western  feeders  have  declared  that  cattle  will 
fatten  just  as  well  on  whole  corn  as  on  corn  meal, 
and  that  with  hogs  to  follow  the  steers  to  eat  the 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


323 


whole  grain  that  is  voided,  there  is  no  loss  whatever. 
Eastern  farmers  with  smaller  corn-fields  to  draw 
upon,  and  forced  to  observe  closely  and  practice  rigid 
economy,  do  not  find  this  to  be  the  case.  To  feed 
whole  grain  to  cattle  without  waste  would  require 
hogs  to  follow  the  cattle  and  hens  to  follow  the  hogs. 
A  neighbor,  when  showing  me  his  hogs,  said  he  was 
feeding  them  whole  buckwheat  without  cooking  or 
soaking,  and  thereby  saved  the  miller's  toll.  Appa- 
rently they  were  doing  well,  as  he  was  also  feeding 
them  sour  milk  and  buttermilk  in  considerable 
quantities.  I  pointed  him  to  their  dung,  which  con- 
tained many  grains  that  were  entirely  whole  and 
many  more  that  were  merely  cracked. 

"Oh,  that's  nothing,"  he  said,  "they  eat  the  whole 
grain  all  over  again."  Every  observant  feeder  has 
noticed  that  when  hog-s  are  fed  all  they  want  of  whole 
corn  their  dung  is  full  of  half-chewed  kernels,  which, 
unless  eaten  by  the  hens,  is  wasted.  Hogs  are 
naturally  so  greedy  they  do  not  properly  masticate 
whole  grain,  and  as  they  do  not  have  the  power  to 
raise  and  rechew  it,  as  cattle  do,  it  is  utterly  impossi- 
ble to  feed  them  whole  gi-ain  without  waste ;  and,  in 
my  opinion,  to  force  them  by  hunger  to  eat  it  the 
second  time,  is  not  only  improper,  but  positively  dan- 
gerous. 

To  make  hogs  eat  the  voidings  of  cattle  may  not  be 
quite  so  bad,  but  it  is  contrary  to  the  instincts  of 
nature  and  correct  judgment.  "With  the  dung  is 
ejected  the  impurities  and  poisonous  germs  of  the 
body.  No  animals  will  eat  their  own  dung  or  that 
from  another  species,  if  provided  with  sufficient  food 
that  is  clean,  fresh  and  of  good  quality. 

The  almost  universal  practice  of  feeding  whole 
corn  to  cattle  in  the  West  and  compelling  hogs  to  get 
their  living  from  the  catties'  dung,  no  doubt  supplies 
a  fruitful  field  for  the  propagation  of  hog  cholera. 
Something  must  be  allowed  for  the  greater  number  of 
hogs  raised  in  the  West,  but  it  is  a  well-attested  fact 
that  hog  cholera  is  hardly  known  in  the  Middle  and 
and  Eastern  States,  where  hogs  are  mostly  raised  and 
fattened  on  ground  grain. 

WTiy  should  animals  be  allowed  to  wear  out  their 
teeth  and  tire  their  jaws  in  grinding  whole  grain, 
which  they  do  not  grind  good,  in  order  to  save  the 
miller's  toll,  when  by  so  doing  they  are  sure  to  waste 
more  than  a  tenth  because  it  is  not  fine  enough  to  be 
digested  ? 

Numerous  experiments  have  sho^\'n  that  it  is  un- 
necessary to  cook  food  for  cattle  and  hogs,  unless  it 
be  potatoes  for  hogs.  From  the  immense  number  of 
great  kettles  manufactured  at  North  Aurora,  111.,  it 


;is  evident  that  many  farmers  in  the  West  practice 
boiling  potatoes  and  other  roots  for  their  hogs.  Eor 
tlie  human  stomach  nearly  all  foods,  except  fruits  and 
berries,  need  to  be  cooked ;  but  the  case  is  different 
with  animals.  As  nature  has  not  supplied  them  the 
means  of  cooking  food  it  is  reasonable  to  suppose 
she  has  provided  them  with  organs  of  digestion  so 
powerful  and  perfect  they  do  not  need  it,  and  this 
reasonable  supposition  has  been  supported  by  many 
experiments.  If  grain  is  to  be  fed  to  animals  with- 
out grinding,  then  by  all  means  it  should  be  cooked — 
not  for  the  purpose  of  making  it  more  palatable  or 
nutritious,  but  to  secure  a  better  digestion  by  making 
it  softer.  Soaking  might  answer  the  purpose  if  it 
could  be  soaked  long  enough  to  soften  without  sour- 
ing it. 

ily  experience  is  favorable  to  boiling  potatoes  and 
turnips  for  hogs.  The  hogs  eat  them  greedily,  and 
with  a  small  quantity  of  meal  mixed  with  them  they 
fiirnish  a  cheap  fattening  food.  On  raw  potatoes 
they  will  nearly  starve.  Cattle,  on  the  contrary, 
prefer  all  kinds  of  roots  in  the  raw  state,  and  accord- 
ing to  my  experience  roots  are  better  for  them  raw. 
I  have  tried  feeding  boiled  potatoes  and  pumpkins 
to  cattle,  and  unless  they  were  fed  sparingly  they 
l;rought  on  the  scours. 

To  raise  and  fatten  animals  the  most  profitably 
they  must  be  sheltered  from  cold  storms  and  housed 
in  warm,  well-ventilated  stables  in  the  winter.  Kept 
warm  and  comfortably  all  kinds  of  stock  will  grow 
and  fatten  on  a  smaller  quantity  of  food.  Cattle  or 
liogs  keiot  out  of  doors  in  the  winter  require  a  good 
deal  of  corn  to  maintain  the  warmth  of  their  bodies, 
to  say  nothing  about  making  a  gain  in  weight. 

The  cruelty  of  the  western  ranchmen  in  starving 
their  imsheltered  herds  in  the  winter  is  punished  by 
the  great  loss  of  stock  and  the  pitiful  appearance  in 
the  spring  of  those  that  survive. 

Cattle  have  been  grown  to  good  size  and  fattened 
on  the  prairie  farms  of  the  West  exposed  to  the  fear- 
ful blasts  of  winter  tliat  sweep  over  those  fertile 
plains  without  the  protection  of  any  shelter  or  wind- 
break whatever ;  but  it  was  done  at  a  fearful  cost  of 
corn.  It  is  said  that  western  farmers  have  sometimes 
burned  corn  to  warm  their  houses,  because  it  was 
cheaper  than  coal,  but  there  is  not  a  particle  of  doubt 
they  have  burned  it  of  tener,  and  in  larger  quantities, 
inside  their  cattle  to  keep  the  unsheltered  beasts 
warm  in  the  winter. 

John  I).  Gillette,  of  Illinois,  took  premiums  at  fat- 
stock  shows,  and  his  steers  were  famous  for  their 
size  and  beauty  in  all  the  eastern  markets.    He  raised 


324 


THE  SOUTHEEX  PLANTER. 


[May 


aud  fattened  them  iu  the  open  fields  summer  and 
winter  on  pasture  and  unhusked  corn.  His  cattle 
were  excellent,  not  because  they  were  exposed  to  the 
blizzards  of  winter,,  but  in  spite  of  it.  A  great  deal 
of  the  corn  he  fed  his  steers  was  required  to  supply 
warmth  to  their  bodies  and  was  as  surely  wasted  as 
if  it  had  been  thrown  into  the  Illinois  river.  Had  he 
built  barns  for  the  comfort  of  his  stock  he  would  have 
made  a  great  deal  more  money  aud  slept  better  iu  his 
warm  bed.  J.  W.  Ingham. 


CHANGING  THE  BREEDING  HABIT  IN  SHEEP. 

We  are  frequently  asked  as  to  the  possibility  of 
changing  the  breeding  habit  of  sheep  so  as  to  make 
them  produce  their  lambs  in  the  winter  months  and 
thus  meet  the  requirements  of  the  early-lamb  market. 
The  ilinnesota  Experiment  Station  has  conducted  a 
series  of  experiments  extending  over  a  period  of  six 
years  with  the  object  of  reaching  conclusions  on  this 
subjeft.  The  ewes  selected  for  the  experiment  were 
at  the  outset  common  western  grade  sheep  carrying 
the  blood  of  the  American  Merino  and  probably  of 
the  Cotswold,  Shropshire  and  Oxford  Downs.  The 
following  are  the  conclusions  reached: 

1.  That  the  breeding  habit  in  ewes  which  usually 
droj)  their  lambs  in  the  spring  may  be  so  changed  that 
they  will  produce  them  in  the  fall  and  early  winter. 

2.  That  this  change  can  be  effected  sufHciently  for 
practical  uses  in  from  two  to  three  generations  of 
judicious  crossing  when  accompanied  by  a  judicious 
selection. 

3.  That  it  may  be  effected  thus  quickly  by  choosing 
very  common  ewes  of  mixed  breeding  and  mating 
them  with  pure  bred  Dorset  rams,  always  reserving 
the  earlier  dropped  lambs  for  breeding  uses. 

4.  That  in  the  transforming  process,  the  dams 
which  have  suckled  winter  lambs  may  usually  be  bred 
more  readily  before  being  turned  out  on  grass  than 
subsequently,  and  especially  when  fed  a  stimulating 
grain  portion  while  yet  in  the  sheds. 

5.  That  when  the  change  sought  has  been  thus 
effected  in  the  dams,  a  superior  quality  in  the  lambs 
may  be  obtained  by  using  rams  in  service  of  certain 
of  the  dark-faced  typos  and  more  especially  of  the 
Southdown  and  Shropshire  breeds. 

POISONING  BY  SORGHUM  AND  KAFIR  CORN. 

In  Bulletin  Xo.  77,  issued  by  the  ISTebraska  Ex- 
periment Station,  stockmen  have  at  last  been  fur- 
nished information  of  the  highest  importance  rela- 
tive to  cattle  poisoning  by  Kaffir  corn  and  sorghum. 
Why  these  two  plants  so  generally  useful  should  un- 
der some  circumstances  be  so  deadly  to  cattle  has  at 


last  been  explained  by  this  bulletin.  We  quote  the 
ffi]  lowing: 

'■Some  three  years  ago  Dr.  A.  T.  Peters  arrived  at 
the  following  conclusions  regarding  the  loss  of  cattle 
from  eating  green  sorghum : 

•'1.  Animals  do  not  die  from  bloat  or  indigestion. 

•'2.  They  do  not  choke  to  death. 

'■3.  Tlie  deaths  result  from  a  violent  poison  in  sor- 
ghum of  stunted  growth. 

''4.  The  symptoms  are  those  of  prussic  acid 
poisoning." 

The  last  two  conclusions  are  the  ones  of  deepest 
interest  to  stockmen  feeding  sorghum  and  Kaffir 
corn.  They  have  observed  that  large  mature  stalks 
eaten  while  green  or  fed  as  dry  forage  made  a  whole- 
some niitritious  food,  while  stunted  plants  or  those 
springing  up  as  a  second  growth  brought  on  the 
trouble. 

The  following  from  the  bulletin  is  to  the  point : 

■'As  both  sorghum  and  Kaffir  corn  are  important 
forage  plants,  and  as  the  investigations  of  the  writer 
show  that  they  contain  as  normal  constituents  com- 
pounds jaelding  ])russic  acid,  the  important  question 
naturally  arises,  iu  what  condition  of  growth  are 
these  plants  dangerous?  The  following  have  been 
suggested : 

■'1.  Young  plants. 

"2.  Second  growth. 

"3.  Frosted  plants. 

■'■i.   Stunted  plants. 

"Unfortunately  sufiicient  data  have  not  been  se- 
cured to  enable  the  writer  to  give  a  final  opinion  on 
all  of  these  points.  They  will,  however,  be  dis- 
cussed in  the  light  of  the  facts  at  hand. 

''Young  plants  of  vigorous  growth  contain  a  higher 
per  cent,  of  prussic  acid  than  the  bright  green  leaves 
of  plants  reaching  maturity.  As  the  stalks  and 
seeds  contain  no  prussic  acid,  the  young  plants  con- 
tain a  much  greater  per  cent,  of  acid  than  the  mature 
plants  considered  as  a  whole. 

"Second  growth  is  not  more  deadly  than  first 
growth,  although,  as  falls  in  the  West  are  often 
bright  and  dry,  conditions  may  be  favorable  for  the 
elaboration  of  excessive  amounts  of  poison  during 
the  second  growth. 

"Frost  is  without  influence  except  as  the  forerun- 
ner of  a  period  of  bright  dry  weather. 

"Growth  arrested  by  dry  weather  before  the  plant 
begins  to  mature  presents  a  condition  very  favorable 
for  the  elaboration  of  the  poison.  Growth  stunted 
by  too  much  water,  sterile  soil,  shade  of  trees  or  hard- 
ness of  ground  does  not  result  in  the  formation  of 
dangerous  quantities  of  poison. 

"A  study  of  the  data  at  hand,  field  observations 
and  chemical  analyses,  indicates  that  the  poisoniu"' 
is  most  deadly  in  Missouri,  JJ^ebraska,  Kansas  and 
Colorado,  and  that  it  is  rare  east,  north  and  south  of 
these  States. — Breeders'  Gazette. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHETllSr  PLANTER. 


325 


The  Poultry  Yard. 


THOSE  DESTRUCTIVE  LICE. 

Of  all  ailments  of  the  poultry  yard,  none  equals 
the  scourge  of  hen  lice.  They  destroy  more  thou- 
sands of  yonug  chicks  than  we  have  any  idea  of. 
Bowel  trouble,  brain  trouble  and  debilitated  condi- 
tions are  brought  about  by  these  blood-sucking  pests, 
some  of  which  work  by  day  and  others  by  night. 
The  first  of  all  these  is  the  head  louse,  which  comes 
into  active  service  as  soon  as  the  chick  is  out  of  the 
shell.  We  have  seen  over  a  dozen  of  them  clinging 
to  the  top  of  the  head  and  under  the  throat  within  a 
few  hours  after  the  coming  from  the  shell.  To  de- 
stroy these,  oil  the  top  of  the  head  and  under  the 
throat  with  sweet  oil.  Dip  your  finger  into  the  oil 
and  rub  the  top  of  the  head  and  under  the  throat  with 
it  as  soon  as  they  come  from  the  nest. 

Much  of  this  insect  pest  may  be  avoided  by  having 
clean  nests  for  the  sitting  hens,  and  by  filling  the 
plumage  of  the  hens  with  insect  powder,  at  least 
twice  during  the  three  weeks  of  their  time  of  incu- 
bating. Dalmatian  insect  powder — better  kn^o^^^l 
perhaps  as  I'ersian — which  is  sold  in  the  drug  stores 
by  the  pound,  is  excellent;  or  any  good  insect  pow- 
der will  do,  providing  it  will  not  injure  the  eyes  of 
tlie  young  chicks.  If  nest  boxes  are  fresh  and  clean 
to  start  with,  then  clean  nests  are  made  of  soft  straw, 
the  hens'  bodies  well  powdered  with  the  insect  pow- 
der two  or  three  times  during  the  three  weeks  they 
are  sitting,  you  have  at  least  established  a  barrier 
against  their  gaining  much  foothold ;  but  the  eggs 
of  these  ever-active  pests  are  hidden  away  in  the 
feathers  of  the  hen,  and  continue  to  hatch  and  propa- 
gate after  their  creators  or  sponsors  have  been  killed. 

Following  the  head  lice  on  the  chick  come  the  body 
lice,  that  hide  under  their  little  wings,  about  their 
vent  and  in  the  neck — in  fact,  they  go  where  they  will 
be  kept  warm  from  the  heat  of  the  chick's  body,  and 
where  the  chick  cannot  get  at  them  with  beak  or  toes. 
Here  they  live  and  thrive,  and  scatter  utter  destruc- 
tion by  sucking  the  life  blood  from  their  bodies. 
Some  make  use  of  oil  of  different  kinds  to  rid  the 
chicks  of  them.  Kerosene  oil  is  often  made  iise  of. 
This  is  not  good,  because  it  will  blister  the  tender 
skin  of  the  chick;  also,  this  or  any  kind  of  oil  will 
grease  the  down  or  feathers  and  gather  dirt;  for 
these  reasons  they  are  not  desirable.  If  any  kind  of 
oil  is  used,  to  be  rid  of  lice,  use  sweet  oil ;  but  the 
best  thing  is  powdered  anise  seed.  When  this  is 
powdered  very  fine,  and  kept  perfectly  dry,  it  is  an 
excellent  destroyer  of  all  kinds  of  lice  that  infest  the 


yoimg  chick.  It  must  be  fine  and  di-y  to  do  good 
execution.  The  beauty  of  it  is  it  is  harmless,  if  they 
eat  it,  and  it  will  not  injure  their  eyes. 

There  are  several  kinds  of  body  lice  that  bother  the 
young  chick,  as  well  as  tlie  mother  hen;  all  of  these, 
however,  can  be  destroyed  by  the  use  of  finely  pow- 
dered anise  seed  or  any  good  insect  powder.  When 
you  see  the  young  chicks  standing  in  the  sun  as  if 
asleep,  and  peeping  in  distress,  you  had  better  look 
tlirough  their  plumage,  head  and  neck,  for  lice.  If 
found,  begin  war  on  them  as  soon  as  possible  by 
powdering  them  well,  also  the  mother  hen ;  but  ever 
have  in  mind  that  the  powder  you  must  use  must  be 
very  fine,  perfectly  dry,  and  of  a  kind  that  will  not 
make  their  eyes  sore.  Some  kinds  of  powder  will 
cause  them  to  have  sore  eyes,  when  it  gets  into  them, 
as  it  is  apt  to  do  when  put  into  the  feathers  of  the 
mother  hen. — Country  Gentleman. 


TEN  POINTERS  IN  SUCCESSFUL  POULTRY  KEEP- 
ING. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

1.  Give  your  fowls  a  dry,  comfortable,  roomy 
hoTise;  crowded  winter  quarters  are  expensive. 

2.  Breed  only  from  healthy,  vigorous  stock;  never 
inbreed. 

3.  Feed  a  variety  of  wholesome  food,  but  do  not 
over  feed. 

4.  Let  your  hens  scratch  for  a  part  of  their  living ; 
exercise  is  essential. 

5.  Be  sure  that  they  have  grit  of  some  kind ;  hens 
have  no  teeth. 

6.  Provide  clean  water  for  drinking;  foul,  stag- 
nant water  breeds  disease. 

7.  Clean  and  disinfect  your  poultry  houses  and 
coops  at  least  once  a  week;  fowls  have  breathing 
organs. 

8.  Look  out  for  lice ;  give  them  no  quarters.  Lice 
breeding  and  poultry  breeding  make  an  unprofitable 
combination. 

9.  Dampness,  filth  and  cold  drafts  cause  roop ; 
avoid  them. 

10.  ''Be  sure  that  you  are  right,  then  go  ahead" ; 
persistent  pushing   in   the  right   direction   insures 

success.  S.  P.  YODEE. 

Warwich  Co.,  Va. 


When  corresponding  with  advertisers,  kindly  men- 
tion the  Southern  Planter. 


:;26 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[May 


AUSTRALIAN  LAYING  CONTEST. 

Secretary  Duniiicliffe  sends  us  clippings  from  the 
Daily  Telegraph,  Sydney,  New  South  Wales,  from 
which  we  learn  that  great  interest  is  felt  in  that 
country  over  the  coming  laying  contest  between 
American  and  A\istralian  hens,  which  is  now  under 
way. 

The  clippings  are  from  the  Telegraph  for  Jan- 
uary 7th,  and  give  the  results  for  ten  months  in  the 
year's  test  being  carried  on  at  the  Hawkesburg  Agri- 
cultural College  with  Australian  hens. 

This  report  makes  a  better  showing  than  was  made 
at  the  end  of  six  months,  and  we  are  inclined  to  a 
belief  that  some  Australian  hens  are  rather  good 
layers. 

If  we  remember  that  midsummer  comes  in  Jan- 
uary in  New  South  Wales,  we  will  better  understand 
the  allusions  to  hot  weather  in  the  following  extracts 
from  the  report: 

"Considering  the  lateness  of  the  season,  the  hens 
are  laying  wonderfully,  and  no  doubt  many  breeders 
will  be  greatly  surprised  to  know  that  the  total  num- 
ber of  eggs  for  the  month  exceeded  that  for  Decem 
ber  by  51. 

''The  warm  weather  seems  to  be  suiting  the  Leg- 
horns from  Wagga,  as  Mr.  Horwood's  six  hens  gave 
the  splendid  total  of  118  eggs.  Grantham's  rose- 
comb  and  Mr.  Kennedy's  single-comb  White  Leg- 
horns are  having  a  ding-dong  race,  and  no  doubt, 
from  the  condition  of  the  birds,  they  will  have  a  hard 
battle  during  the  next  two  months.  It  is  surprising 
how  the  Orjiingtons  and  Wyandottes  maintain  their 
position,  and  there  is  no  fear  of  any  of  the  leading 
general  utility  pens  being  displaced  by  the  Mediter- 
raneans now  below  them. 

The  total  number  of  eggs  laid  for  the  month  was 
2,00.'{,  as  comi^ared  with  2,942  in  December,  2,213 
in  November,  and  3,735  in  October.  The  itotal 
nimiber  of  eggs  from  the  38  pens  for  the  10  months 
was  25,035,  or  an  average  of  113.75  per  hen. 

'■The  six  leading  pens  for  the  prizes  for  the  second 
six  months  are :  D.  Scott,  447  eggs ;  Grantham  Poul- 
try Farm,  445  ;  G.  Ivennedy,  439  ;  Dr.  Fiaschi,  425  ; 
Mrs.  A.  Ilislop,  41S ;  W.  Haydou,  412." 

The  report  before  us  shows  tliat  at  the  end  of  ten 
months  a  pen  of  rose-comb  White  Leghorns  was  first, 
a  pen  of  White  Leghorns  second,  and  these  were  fol- 
lowwed  by  Silver  Wyandottes,  Black  Orpingtons, 
Silver  Wyandottes,  Black  Orpingtons,  Black  Orping- 
tons, in  the  order  named. 

Beginnijig  with  the  lowest  on  the  list,  we  find 
Minorcas,  Buff  Leghorns,  White  Wyandottes,  Anda 


lusians,  Minorcas,  Anconas,  Black  Orpingtons, 
White  Wyandottes.  The  first  and  second  pens  have 
l.")2^  and  152^  eggs,  respectively,  as  the  average  pro- 
duction for  the  ten  months.  The  last  and  next  to 
last  have  70f  and  78  eggs,  respectively,  to  their 
credit  as  the  average  production  for  the  ten  months. 
The  best  pen  of  Buff  Orpingtons  appears  as  eleventh 
on  the  list  from  the  top  and  the  poorest  as  tenth  from 
the  bottom.  This  places  them  very  close  to  the  gen- 
eral average  of  all  the  breeds. 

Of  the  thirty-eight  pens,  not  one  is  composed  of 
Plymouth  Rocks  of  any  variety.  A  private  letter 
from  a  breeder  in  Australia  assures  us  that  the  Ply- 
mouth Rock  is  in  bad  savor  in  that  country  solely  on 
account  of  the  quality  of  the  specimens  that  have 
been  sent  from  this  country  on  orders  from  breeding 
stock. 

We  are  not  at  all  alarmed  over  the  prospect  of 
defeat  for  the  American  hens,  as  we  believe  they  will 
be  al)le  to  make  a  good  showing  compared  to  the  one 
above  given.  We  are  looking  for  a  report  from  them 
on  the  next  Australian  mail. — Commercial  Poultry. 


SITTING  HENS  AND  NESTS. 

When  the  sitting  hens  leave  their  nests  before  the 
hatch  is  due,  it  is  an  infallible  indication  of  lice, 
and  the  nests  should  be  taken  outside,  cleaned  of  the 
contents,  the  material  burned,  and  the  next-boxes 
swabbed  with  kerosene,  to  which  a  lighted  match  may 
be  aiijjlied.  If  the  nests  crowd  the  poultry  houses, 
causing  room  to  be  restricted,  they  may  be  left  out- 
side at  this  season  by  being  placed  against  the  fences 
and  partially  covered  with  briish. 


If  a  chick  stands  drawn  up  or  acts  droopy,  ex- 
amine it  at  once.  Either  lice,  bad  bowels  or  indi- 
gestion is  probably  the  ailment 


Eggs  that  have  been  exposed  over  night  to  a  tem- 
perature of  31  degrees  have  been  hatched  and  a  fair 
hatch  has  been  had  from  an  incubator  where  the  tem- 
perature got  as  high  as  115  degi'ees.  Much  depends 
on  the  degree  of  moisture  in  the  air,  a  dry  air  being 
the  least  dangerous. 


Few  of  us  would  enjoy  a  steady  diet  of  cold  vit- 
uals.  The  hen  is  a  good  deal  that  way.  She  ap- 
preciates warm  food  and  will  respond  quickly  to  it 
and  in  a  way  to  make  the  pocket-book  of  her  owner 
fuller. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEJSr  PLANTER. 


327 


The    Horse. 


NOTES. 

Breeding,  rearing  and  developing  hunters  and 
jumpers  has  assumed  important  proportions  in  Vir- 
ginia live  stock  circles,  and  the  industry  is  one  that 
richly  merits  the  encouragement  and  support  of 
breeders  and  farmers  in  general.  These  horses, 
usually  and  preferably,  too,  perhaps,  are  the  pro- 
duct of  thoroughbred  sires  from  general  purpose 
mares,  and  many  of  them  bred  and  reared  on  our 
native  heath  have  gone  out  and  captured  the  highest 
honors  in  the  greatest  of  American  show  rings  and 
in  hunting  fields  known  the  world  over.  Probably 
the  best  known  centres  of  this  breeding  industry  are 
Warrenton,  in  Eauqiiier  county;  Leesburg,  Loudoun 
county,  and  Charlottesville,  in  Albemarle  county, 
which  are  in  the  midst  of  rich  grazing  districts,  but 
there  are  scores  of  establishments  in  other  sections 
that  have  attained  prominence,  and  whose  products 
have  gained  fame  and  the  smile  of  fortune  as  well. 


The  season  has  been  a  busy  one  at  Hampton  farm, 
and  the  big  stable  of  hunters  and  jumpers  has  been 
thinned  down  considerably  by  a  number  of  quite  im- 
portant sales.  The  farm  is  in  Fairfax  county,  and 
just  three  miles  out  from  the  staid  old  Virginia  town 
of  Alexandria.  Hampton,  with  its  broad  acres,  i? 
the  ancestral  home  of  Courtland  H.  Smith,  who  di- 
rects affairs,  and  in  all  Virginia  there  is  probably 
not  a  bolder  or  more  inti'epid  horseman.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  horses  at  Hampton,  Short  horn  cattle  and 
Southdown  sheep  are  also  kept,  and  these,  with  poul- 
try of  all  kinds,  help  to  make  the  establishment  a 
paying  institution.  Since  the  beginning  of  spring  a 
new  and  profitable  market  has  been  found  in  Kansas 
City,  and  the  sales  of  Firebrand,  Rosscommon,  The 
Greyling,  Montrose,  and  another  light  weight  hunter 
were  followed  by  those  of  Marmion,  b.  g.,  16.2,  up  to 
200  poimds,  by  Marmion ;  Well  Over,  br.  g.,  16 :2,  up 
to  200  poimds,  by  Jake  Shipsey ;  Valley  Boy,  b.  g., 
16:1,  up  to  180  pounds,  by  Jake  Shipsey;  Blue  Bot- 
tle, blue  roan  g.,  16  hands,  up  to  180  pounds,  by 
Golden  Deer;  Troope,  br.  m.,  16  hands,  up  to  180 
pounds,  by  Philadelphia;  ch.  g.,  15:3,  up  to  ISO 
pounds,  by  Guardsman;  Minerva,  ch.  m.,  16  hands, 
up  to  180  pounds,  by  Torchlight;  The  Witch,  br.  m., 
16  hands,  up  to  175  poimds,  by  Eomnev;  Panther, 
b.  g.,  15:3,  up  to  175  pounds,  by  Panther;  Milk 
Maid,  br.  m.,  15:2,  up  to  150  pounds,  by  Tecumseh; 
Mr.  Dooly,  br.  g.,  16  hands,  up  to  225  pounds,  by 
Zuave;  Scattercash,  16  hands,  up  to  175  pounds,  by 
Delurie;  Cascade,  b.  g.,  15  hands,  up  to  150  pounds, 
by  Imp;  Water  Level;  Juniata,  b.  m.,  16  hands,  up 
to  175  pounds,  by  Richelieu;  Archduke,  b.  g.,  16:2, 


up  to  200  poimds,  by  Jake  Shipsey,  and  The  Lamb, 
gr.  g.,  15  :3,  who  has  a  record  of  6  feet  5  inches,  and 
is  up  to  250  pounds,  by  Botheration.  The  schooling 
and  handling  of  these  horses  represented  both  care 
and  outlay,  but  the  outcome  was  satisfactory,  and 
they  averaged  over  $500. 

The  Hampton  Farm  stable  has  recently  been 
strengthened  by  new  additions,  and  the  string  is  now 
the  best  ever  owned  on  the  place,  its  most  important 
and  best  known  members  are,  of  course,  the  well- 
known  prize  winners.  Up-to-date,  Tip-Top,  Chappie 
Lee  and  Ongonquitt,  all  of  whom  are  in  grand  shape, 
and  are  confidently  expected  to  duplicate  their  vic- 
tories of  other  years  when  taken  down  the  line  of 
horse  shows  this  season.  The  new  ones,  however, 
include  Flambeau,  ch.  g.,  4,  16  hands,  by  Torchlight, 
who  is  a  fine  looker  and  able  to  jiunp  a  fence  with 
ease;  Skibbereen,  ch.  g.,  4,  16:3,  and  up  to  225 
pounds,  and  can  jump  close  to  six  feet;  Potential, 
b.  g.,  15  :3,  by  imp.  Potentate,  dam  Moline,  by  imp. 
Blythewood.  A  grand  type  with  perfect  conforma- 
tion and  safe  for  a  lady,  while  up  to  180  pounds  and 
safe  over  any  country;  Pride  of  Hampton,  b.  g., 
15 :3,  up  to  180  pounds,  by  William,  dam  Best  Girl. 
This  horse  is  a  grand  fencer,  with  nice  mouth  and 
manners  as  well;  Senegal  Rad,  ch.  g.,  15:1,  by  Cal- 
cium, dam  Columbia,  a  perfect  type  of  the  thorough- 
bred hack,  with  perfect  mouth  along  with  manners, 
and  good  enough  to  win  in  the  best  company  down 
the  line  of  horse  shows;  Fire  Light,  ch.  g.,  15:3,  4, 
by  Torchlight,  dam  nearly  thoroughbred;  one  of 
the  clean  bred  galloping  sort  rarely  found,  and  up  to 
175  pounds;  Yorrick,  r.  g.,  16:2,  5,  by  Merry  Lad, 
is  a  grand  big  youngster,  up  to  top  weight,  and  fast 
with  it,  while  a  magnificent  fencer;  Daylight,  b.  g., 
16:3  1-2,  5,  by  Torchlight.  This  gelding  is  up  to 
230  poimds,  and  one  of  the  fastest  weight  carriers 
of  his  day,  safe  over  five  feet;  Courageous,  b.  g., 
16:2,  by  Zuave,  dam  by  Underwood,  is  a  big  one 
without  flaw  or  fault,  and  can  both  fence  and  gallop, 
and  some  dozen  or  more  other  good  ones,  among  them 
the  fine,  big  roan  gelding  Brigadier,  by  Guardsman, 
and  one  of  the  finest  horses  ever  sired  by  him. 

The  brown  pacing  mare  Skyland  Girl,  2  :19^,  by 
Simmons,  who  was  so  successfully  campaigned  dur- 
ing 1902  by  George  F.  Dyer,  then  of  Greensboro, 
N.  C,  but  now  at  the  Fair  Grounds  track,  Lynch- 
burg, Va.,  is  now  in  the  stable  of  A.  H.  Tyson, 
Newark,  Del.,  who  will  race  her  this  season.  Mamie 
Woods,  2 :20,  the  dam  of  this  mare,  was  purchased 
while  in  foal  and  taken  to  Winston,  N.  C,  by  R.  J. 


328 


THE  souther:n^  pla:nter. 


[May 


Eejnolds,  the  head  of  the  noted  Southern  manufac- 
turing house  of  the  E.  J.  Reynolds  Tobacco  Com- 
pany, and  foaled  his  property.  Mr.  Reynolds  is 
still  interested  in  fine  harness  horses,  but  of  recent 
years  has  turned  his  attention  to  breeding  coachers. 

^      JH      J* 

Among  the  horses  in  the  training  stable  of  George 
il.  Harden,  Raleigh,  X.  C,  are  the  big  chestnut 
mare,  Petronel,  2:19  3-4,  by  Expedition,  2:15  3-4, 
dam  Petrel,  by  Onward,  who  made  her  record  in 
1902,  and  is  likely  to  go  much  faster  this  season ; 
Sweet  Rector,  bay  horse,  5,  by  Director,  2  :17:|r,  dam 
Sweet  Alca,  by  Alcazar,  and  John  T.  Moore,  the 
bay  pacing  stallion,  foaled  1899,  by  Hal  Wooldridge, 
dam  by  Locomotive,  second  dam  by  John  Dillard, 
Jr.,  who  is  well  formed,  handsome  in  harness,  and 
has  a  nice  way  of  going.  This  horse  was  brought  to 
Xorth  Carolina  by  T.  M.  Arrasmith,  of  Greensboro, 
who  named  him  for  '"Trotwood,"  the  widely  known 
poet,  author,  charming  turf  writer  and  horseman,  of 
Columbia,  Tenn.,  and  the  son  of  Hal  Woodridge 
promises  to  be  a  credit  to  the  famous  pacing  family 
from  which  he  springs. 


Wealth,  2:17^,  the  son  of  Gambetta  Wilkes  and 
Magnolia,  by  Norfolk,  who  heads  the  stud  of  Col. 
W.  H.  Chapman,  Gordonsville,  Va.,  is  doing  finely, 
and  at  the  close  of  a  limited  season  will  go  into  train- 
ing, and  if  he  keeps  right  a  record  of  2  :10  or  better 
will  be  credited  up  to  him  before  snow  flies.  Wealth 
is  a  horse  of  grand  size,  finish  and  splendid  appear- 
ance in  harness,  while  he  has  frequently  sho-vvn  two 
minute  speed  in  both  his  work  and  in  races.  Col. 
Chapman  is  determined  not  only  to  accord  the  son  of 
Gambetta  AVilkes  the  benefit  of  speed  development, 
but  opportunities  in  the  stud  as  well,  as  shown  by  his 
recent  purchase  from  W.  J.  Carter  of  the  richly  bred 
brood  mare  Lanciana,  a  good  looking  daughter  of 
Lancelot,  2:23,  and  Mariana,  by  Sorrento,  second 
dam,  Mary  Whitman,  by  Kentucky  Prince,  third 
dam,  Xancy  Whitman,  dam  of  Robert  McGregor, 
2:17  1-4,  sire  of  Cresceus,  2:02  1-4,  the  trotting 
king,  Lanceana,  is  now  in  foal  to  Red  Buck,  Jr.,  the 
sire  of  Ben  D.,  2 :08  3-4,  and  after  foaling  will  be 
mated  with  Wealth. 

Eriends  of  the  well-known  Virginian,  Algernon 
Daingerdeld,  now  assistant  secretary  of  the  Wash- 
ington Jockey  Club,  will  welcome  the  news  that  he 
has  been  appointed  clerk  of  the  scales  for  the  Metro- 
politan Circuit  of  the  Jockey  Club  of  the  United 
States.  This  is  the  largest  organization  in  the 
countr}-,  and  the  position  is  an  important  one.  Since 
Mr.  Daingerfield  left  Harrisonburg,  his  native  home, 


he  has  been  prominently  identified  with  the  turfmen 

of  the  coimtry,  and  has  become  widely  known   in 

raeiug  circles. 

js     ^     jt 

The  former  well-known  Virginia  bred  pacing  mare, 
Princess  Eulalie,  2:17  1-4,  by  Prince  Belmont,  dam 
by  Red  Jacket,  owned  by  the  Hon.  W.  R.  McKenney, 
of  Petersburg,  Va.,  foaled  on  March  30th,  a  fine 
filly  by  Judge  Cox,  the  sire  of  Coxey,  2 :13. 

John  G.  WTiite,"  Leesbiirg,  Va.,  has  sold,  through 
W.  D.  Grand,  of  the  American  Horse  Exchange, 
ISTew  York,  eight  half  bred  hackneys,  all  of  whom 
were  high  stepping  harness  horses,  among  them  be- 
ing the  Virginia  Horse  Show  winners.  Lord  Fair- 
fax; the  prize  team.  Threads  and  Patches,  and  Grey 
Eagle. 

The  Boscobel  Farm  Stable  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Chas. 
H.  Hurkamp,  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  includes  some 
choice  young  horses  in  addition  to  a  few  older  ones 
that  will  be  taken  down  the  line  of  horse  shows  this 
season.  Grand  old  Hornpipe,  the  big,  sturdy  roan, 
son  of  Young  Sanford :  Amaret,  the  crack  high 
jumper,  and  others  will  compete  for  honors  in  select 
company.  With  Mr.  Hurkamp  up,  Amaret  has 
cleared  the  bars  at  dizzy  hfiiarhts,  while  Hornpipe 
has  fignired  as  a  winner  season  after  season  when 
pitted  against  the  best  in  the  land,  and  can  usually 
be  depended  upon  to  do  his  best  whenever  called 
upon. 

Joseph  Lassiter,  of  the  Richmond  Horse  Bazaar, 
has  made  a  number  of  sales  of  well  known  trotters 
and  paoers  recently,  among  those  passing  through 
liis  hands  being  Whitby,  2  :1S  1-4 ;  Florence  Miles, 
2:21  1-4;  Kitty  B.,  2:23  1-4;  Lenore  Riissell,  Rose 
Bow,  Crissie,  and  others. 

Bkoadeock. 


SALE  OF  IMPORTED  JERSEYS. 

We  invite  attention  to  the  advertisement  in  this 
issue  of  the  sale  of  imported  Jerseys  by  Mr.  T.  S. 
Cooper,  the  well-known  importer  and  judge  of  stock. 
The  sale  will  include  some  as  fine  animals  as  Mr. 
Cooper  ever  offered,  and  he  has  imported  and  sold 
some  of  the  finest  Jerseys  now  in  the  country.  Buy- 
ers who  cannot  attend  the  sale  are  invited  to  send 
their  bids  to  Mr.  Cooper,  who  \vill  use  his  best  eifforts 
to  execute  ordei-s  entrusted  to  him.  Send  for  cata- 
logue. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


329 


Miscellaneous. 


GOOD  ROADS. 

The  long  continued  wet  weather  has  once  more 
aroused  attention  to  this  subject,  and  for  a  time  at 
least  caused  one  to  believe  that  at  last  something  is 
to  be  done  to  rid  the  State  of  the  greatest  incubus  on 
its  advancement.  We,  however,  regret  to  say  that 
the  question  has  not  yet  assumed  that  phase  which 
leads  us  to  think  that  we  are  on  the  eve  of  the  only 
sound  and  satisfactory  settlement  of  it.  Not  until 
the  State  itself  as  a  whole  realizes  that  the  subject 
of  roads  is  one  calling  for  the  help  of  the  State  in  its 
solution  can  there  be  a  just  settlement  of  the  matter. 
The  dealing  with  it  as  one  affecting  the  counties 
alone  can  only  result  in  injustice  to  farmers.  It  is 
neither  just  nor  right  that  the  burden  of  making  good 
roads  throughout  the  State,  and  thus  advancing  its 
prosperity  more  than  any  other  thing  can  do,  should 
be  wholly  borne  by  the  farmers.  The  cities  of  the 
State  will  be  as  much — nay,  more  certainly — bene- 
fited than  the  counties  by  the  making  of  highways 
leading  into  them  upon  which  heavy  loads  can  be  car- 
ried at  all  seasons  of  the  year,  and  the  cities  therefore 
should  bear  their  fair  share  of  the  taxation,  which 
must  be  imposed  to  secure  this  end.  We  advanced 
this  idea  many  years  ago,  when  first  the  subject  of 
roads  became  a  living  question  throughout  the  coun- 
try. It  was  then  strongly  opposed  everywhere,  but 
it  has  proved  its  soundness  by  commending  itself  to 
the  enlightened  communities  in  the  North.  New 
Jersey,  New  York,  and  Pennsylvania  have  adopted 
the  principle,  and  each  of  these  States  annually  ap- 
propriates from  the  State  taxes  several  million  dol- 
lars to  supi^leraent  the  efforts  of  the  counties.  Penn- 
sylvania only  the  other  day  appropriated  $6,500,000 
to  be  expended  this  year.  The  result  is  already  seen 
in  New  Jersey  and  New  York  States,  where  scores  of 
miles  of  good  highways  are  already  made,  and  hun- 
dreds more  are  under  construction.  The  counties 
readily  burden  themselves  to  meet  the  offer  of  State 
aid,  and  the  work  progresses  to  the  manifest  advan- 
tage of  every  one  o^'ning  property,  whether  in  city 
or  county.  We  are  expecting  to  see  this  system  of 
help  to  the  counties  still  further  extended  in  the 
near  future  by  the  recognition  by  the  Nation  of  its 
responsibility  in  the  matter.  We  urged  this  in  a 
Convention  at  Washington  many  years  ago,  when  the 
Road  Inquiry  Bureau,  of  the  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture, was  first  formed.  Then  the  idea  was  scouted, 
now  it  is  being  favorably  considered,  and  there  is 


tliroughout  the  country  a  strong  current  of  feeling 
being  expressed  in  favor  of  the  Brownlow  bill,  now 
before  Congress,  which  makes  provision  for  this  Na- 
tional help.  There  is  no  more  reason  why  water- 
ways (rivei's  and  harbors)  should  be  aided  by  na- 
tional assistance  than  why  highways  should  not  be 
helped.  If  the  one  system  is  sound  and  just,  then  the 
other  is  certainly  so.  Millions  have  been  spent  and 
are  being  spent  eacli  year  in  rivers  and  harbors,  which 
are  much  less  the  highways  of  the  people  than  are  the 
public  roads  of  the  State.  The  national  revenues 
are  largely  drawn  from  the  country  people,  yet  they 
receive  little  in  return.  Millions  of  this  national 
money  are  expended  in  the  cities  and  towns  in  build- 
ing government  buildings.  Let  the  country  people 
have  their  share  in  the  building  of  highways.  We 
are  glad  to  see  that  some  of  the  counties  of  the  State 
are  asking  for  power  to  borrow  money  to  build  high- 
ways. This,  when  borrowed,  should  be  met  by  help 
from  the  State  and  nation,  and  then  good  roads  will 
be  built  without  being  too  great  a  burden  upon  the 
farmers  of  the  State.  They  are  willing  to  bear 
their  share,  but  should  not  consent  to  carry  the  whole 
burden.     '"'Equal  burdens  break  no  backs." 


AN  IMPORTANT  VIRGINIA  INDUSTRY. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

In  no  other  portion  of  the  habitable  globe  does  the 
productive  water  meet  the  productive  land  on  such 
close,  intimate  and  easy  terms  as  is  shown  every- 
where on  the  lower  Chesapeake,  James  river,  Hamp- 
ton Roads,  and  their  tributaries. 

These  productive  waters  penetrate  the  land  in 
everj'  direction,  making  thovisands  of  beautiful  coves, 
inlets  and  snug  little  harbors,  and  here  and  there  we 
find  a  body  of  water  like  Hampton  Roads,  which 
contains  nearly  fifty  square  miles  of  surface;  the 
lower  James,  which  is  from  five  to  seven  miles  in 
width,  and  the  lower  Chesapeake,  which  comprises  a 
thousand  square  miles  of  water,  all  of  which  waters 
are  imderlaid  with  oysters  and  clams,  and  the  waters 
are  fairly  alive  with  fish  and  crabs. 

Norfolk  is  a  logical  centre  for  fish  and  oyster  busi- 
ness, and  the  report  of  the  United  States  Commission 
for  the  year  1901  places  Norfolk  well  vip  on  the  list. 
The  States  included  in  the  report  are  New  York,  New 
Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland  and  Vir- 


330 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[May 


A  few  "facts,  figures  and  features"  relating  to  the 
fish  and  oyster  industry  may  be  of  considerable  in- 
terest to  many  of  your  readers,  both  in  and  out  of 
the  State. 

The  value  of  the  Virginia  catch  for  the  year  1901 
was  more  than  four  and  one-half  million  dollars — 
this  for  fish  alone.  Only  one  State  exceeds  the  Vir- 
ginia figures,  and  this  is  New  Jersey.  The  New 
Jersey  figures  were  only  about  one  hundred  thousand 
dollars  over  and  above  the  Virginia  figures. 

The  number  of  fish  caught  in  Virginia  waters  dur- 
ing the  year  1901  reached  the  grand  total  of  378,- 
183,358,  against  less  than  half  that  number  for  New 
Jersey. 

The  value  of  the  New  York  catch  of  fish  was 
nearly  one  million  dollars  less  than  that  of  Virginia. 
Virginia  leads  all  the  States  in  the  clam  industry, 
and  is  second  on  the  list  in  the  quantity  and  value  of 
crabs  handled. 

lu  oysters  Virginia  leads  every  State  except  one, 
that  being  Maryland,  and  leads  Maryland  in  the 
quantity,  but  falls  slightly  behind  her  in  value  of  the 
oysters  handled. 

The  Virginia  catch  of  oysters  was  7,885,447,  and 
the  value  of  the  catch  was  $2,923,456.  The  Mary- 
land catch  was  5,685,561,  and  the  value  was  $3,- 
031,518. 

In  the  matter  of  oyster  business,  Norfolk  is  rapidly 
gaining  on  Baltimor>3.  For  many  years  Baltimore 
has  had  the  distinction  of  being  the  greatest  oyster 
centre  on  the  face  of  the  globe,  and  for  many  years 
Norfolk  has  been  a  pretty  good  second  in  the  race, 
and  is  gaining  each  year,  and  will  soon  lead  Balti- 
more, because  the  great  bulk  of  oysters  and  the  best 
oyster  grounds  lie  nearer  Norfolk  than  Baltimore. 

Norfolk  waters  are  always  free  from  ice,  making 
it  easier  for  the  oystermen  to  handle  their  business. 

Maryland  employs  36,260  hands  in  the  oyster  busi- 
ness, Virginia  employs  29,325  hands.  Virginia  uses 
1,086  sailing  vessels  in  the  prosecution  of  the  oyster 
business.  In  addition  to  these  vessels,  12,174  smaller 
boats  are  used. 

The  oyster  fieet  alone  employed  in  these  Virginia 
waters  would  make  quite  a  respectable  showing. 
Just  imagine  1,086  quite  good-sized  sailing  vessels 
and  12,174  smaller  boats  all  going  and  coming  like 
bees  all  winter  in  the  oyster  business.  It  makes  a 
very  lively  scene,  and  results  in  the  handling  of  large 
sums  of  money.  The  hands  are  paid  every  week, 
and  much  money  is  placed  in  circulation  in  Norfolk 
by  reason  of  the  oyster  business. 

Nature  has  been  very  good  to  Eastern  Virginia,  in 


supplying  her  with  such  an  ine.xhaustible  meat  bar- 
rel. It  is  filled  each  year  by  the  provident  hand  of 
nature,  and,  notwithstanding  man's  best  efforts,  the 
supply  continues  pretty  nearly  the  same  from  year 
to  year. 

The  fish  that  are  caught  for  the  oil  are  dried  out 
and  the  oil  extracted,  and  the  fish  scrap  is  used  for 
fertilizer  purposes,  but  most  of  the  catch  are  confined 
to  the  food  fishes,  such  as  spots,  mullets,  blue  fish, 
sheep's  head,  croakers  and  other  varieties,  including 
large  numbers  of  sturgeon,  which  often  reach  the 
weight  of  three  to  four  hundred  pounds  each. 

The  hook  and  line  fishing  is  also  very  fine  in  the 
waters  adjacent  to  this  sea  port,  and  we  have  to  con- 
fess that  the  inducements  offered  here  to  extract  a 
living  from  the  salt  water  are  so  numerous  and  so 
weighty  that  thousands  of  good  farmers  have  been 
spoiled  by  being  attracted  by  the  profits  offered  to 
fishermcji. 

In  other  words,  Eastern  Virginia  is  long  on  good 
fisliermen  and  good  oystermen,  but  rather  slion  on 
good  farmers;  but  it  is  a  fact  that  here  in  Eastern 
Virginia  fishing  is  not  only  a  pleasure,  but  it  seems 
to  be  highly  profitable.  A.  Jekfees. 


IMPROVING  LAND. 

Editor  Southern  Planters 

If  I  were  going  to  preach  three  sermons  on  fer- 
tility, or  land  improvement,  I  would  take  as  my  first 
text  Deeji  Plowing,  my  second  would  be  Humus, 
and  my  third  would  be  Lime.  Any  one  of  these 
three  "texts"  is  a  subject  for  unlimited  discussion. 
But  I  am  going  to  combine  them  in  one,  and  if  my 
views  have  any  weight,  I  will  feel  honored  to  have 
you  give  them  space  in  your  columns.  If  I  am 
wrung,. then  consign  this  to  the  waste  basket,  and  I 
will  not  complain.  But  my  faith  is  in  my  subject, 
and  my  heart  is  with  my  Brother  Farmer,  and  if  I 
can  say  anything  that  will  aid  him,  then  I  am  happy. 

Deep  soil,  humus,  and  lime  go  hand  in  hand  to- 
gether. They  were  joined  together  in  the  beginning, 
and  they  stand  together  in  the  bond  of  nature,  and 
can  be  counted  on  to  do  their  work,  if  man  will  let 
them.  T'hey  are  devoted  and  true  to  each  other,  and 
dependent  one  upon  the  other. 

Living  as  I  do,  on  the  border  of  Loudoun  and 
Fairfax  counties,  I  have  abundant  opportunity  to 
see  the  benefits  derived  from  the  practice  of  deep 
plowing  and  liming,  as  well  as  to  note  the  baneful 
results  of  the  system  of  shallow  plowing. 

We  have  in  this  section  of  the  State  a  beautiful 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEK. 


3ul 


country,  about  300  feet  above  sea  level^  with  a  climate 
unsurpassed  for  man,  beast  and  vegetation.  (A 
(Jcrman  editor  who  spent  his  simimer  here  says  our 
county  is  the  Italy  of  America.)  The  nature  of  our 
soil  is  both  loam  and  clay,  adapted  to  the  growing  of 
grain,  grass  and  fruit,  as  Avell  as  trucking.  We  have 
tlie  best  of  railroad  facilities,  with  Washington  city 
as  our  market,  where  they  pay  fancy  prices  for  all 
good  articles.  We  are  in  easy  distance  of  the  city, 
and  this  is  the  cause  of  the  majority  of  the  farms 
wliich  are  worked  by  tenants,  becoming  impoverish- 
ed. A  great  many  of  our  land  owners  hold  office  iji 
the  city  and  live  there.  They  lease  their  farms,  and 
the  renter  hauls  about  everything  that  the  farm  pro- 
duces to  the  city.  They  feed  little  or  no  stock,  make 
no  manure,  and  sow  a  cheap  acid  fertilizer  on  land 
plowed  from  two  to  four  inches  deej). 

Tlie  owners  of  these  rented  lands  are  now  placing 
these  farms  on  the  market,  and  they  are  being  rapidly 
bought  up  by  home  seekers,  and  where  they  have 
plowed  deep  and  put  a  little  lime  the  improvement 
has  been  like  magic.  I  have  frequently,  in  jDassing 
a  poor  held  of  corn,  asked  what  was  the  matter  with 
the  crop,  and  the  answer  would  always  be,  the  land  is 
"worn  out." 

iVow,  nearly  all  of  this  land  in  this  section  was 
good  to  begin  with,  and  I  do  not  believe  that  natur 
ally  good  land  can  become  permanently  exausted 
under  any  system  of  farming  in  three  or  four  gen- 
erations, and  yet  this  land  fails  to  produce,  under 
the  tenant  system.  I  think  it  is  God's  plan  of  lock- 
ing up  the  fertility  of  the  soil,  and  rendering  it  un- 
productive until  some  man  gets  hold  of  it  who  knows 
how  to  farm  it. 

These  so-called  worn  out  lands  are  lacking  mainly 
ill  humus,  and  the  quickest  way  to  fill  these  lands 
with  humus  is  the  shortest  road  to  permanent  im- 
provement. Deep  plowing  and  sub-soiling  is  the 
first  essential  thing  to  do.  I  am  frequently  hearing 
the  question,  "What  are  the  benefits  derived  from 
deep  plowing?"  This  question  was  ably  answered 
by  Mr.  A.  Jeffers,  in  his  article :  "That  Little  Farm 
Well  Tilled,''  in  the  April  Planter.  He  preached 
sound  doctrine  there,  and  it  should  be  preached  in 
every  journal.  Another  article  in  the  April  Journal,] 
written  by  ]Mr.  K.  ]^.  Crast,  headed  "Fertility  With- 
out Humus,"  is  a  strong  argument  for  deep  plowing 
and  sub-soiling.  Whilst  I  do  not  agree  with  him, 
that  we  can  maintain  fertility  without  humus,  still 
his  article  shows  that  the  sub-soil,  dug  deep  in  the 
ground  to  make  the  embankments,  had  plant  food  in 
it,  and  when  loosened  up  and  brought  into  contact 
with  the  sunshine  and  frost,  brought  forth  rank  vege- 


tation. For  the  past  twenty  years  I  have  used  chem- 
ical fertilizers,  and  am  still  using,  yet  I  am  con- 
strained to  say  that  I  believe  a  great  part  of  the 
money  spent  for  fertilizers  was  lost,  and  I  would  have 
derived  better  results  if  the  same  money  had  been 
spent  in  legumes  and  barn  yard  manure,  for  no  so- 
called  complete  fertilier  ever  took  the  place  of  stable 
manure  for  me. 

As  humus  is  partially  decomposed  vegetable  matter 
in  the  soil,  its  duties  are  many.  First,  it  is  used  for 
the  purpose  of  keeping  the  particles  of  soil  separate, 
so  that  air  may  find  access,  and  the  roots  may  have  a 
chance  to  develop.  It  keeps  the  soil  from  puddling 
in  a  wet  time,  and  from  baking  in  a  drouth ;  second, 
it  serves  as  an  absorbent  or  a  sponge,  to  hold  mois- 
ture, and  gives  it  out  in  the  time  of  a  drouth.  It 
is  a  conservor  of  heat,  which  warms  up  the  soil  and 
causes  the  seed  to  germinate  properly,  and  it  is  the 
home  and  storehouse  of  nitrogen.  Humus  is  the  re- 
sult of  fertility ;  at  the  same  time,  it  is  the  mother  of 
fertility.  We  can  best  obtain  it  by  thorough  culti- 
\-ation  and  the  plowing  under  of  vegetable  matter, 
Miich  as  weeds,  stubble,  clover,  peas  and  barnyard  ma- 
nure. In  doing  this  we  often  turn  under  too  much 
green  vegetable  matter,  and  this  causes  our  land  to 
become  "sick  or  sour"  from  too  much  acid  being  left 
in  the  soil.  In  this  event  we  want  something  to  take 
uj)  and  neutralize  these  liberated  acids  before  they 
accumulate  in  such  quantity  as  to  injure  vegetation. 
Slaked  lime  is  one  of  the  best  materials  for  this  pur- 
pose, and  has  clearly  demonstrated  the  fact  in  this 
section. 

We  are  told  by  the  chemist  that  the  conversion  of 
refuse  vegetable  matter,  as  well  as  animal  matter, 
into  plant  food  requires  the  intervention  of  chemical 
and  other  agencies,  which  will  transform  this  inert 
nitrogen  into  ammonia  or  nitrates.  The  natural 
forces  that  do  this  work  cheaply  and  beneficially  are 
the  microbes  that  feed  upon  the  refuse  vegetable 
matter  of  the  soil.  These  nitrifying  microbes  can- 
not do  their  work  in  a  soil  where  any  considerable 
amount  of  free  acid  (other  than  carbonic  acid)  ex- 
ists, but  they  work  well  and  multiply  in  the  presence 
of  lime.  In  this  neighborhood  hay  has  been  made 
to  increase  from  50  per  cent,  to  100  per  cent,  per 
acre  from  the  apjilication  of  lime,  and  from  my 
experience  and  observation,  I  would  advise  an  ap- 
plication of  25  bushels  to  the  acre  every  four  years, 
as  this  quantity  is  giving  as  good  results  as  100 
bushels  per  acre.  It  is  an  easy  matter  to  locate  the 
lands  in  this  section  that  have  been  limed  by  the 
abtmdance    of  grass  and  the  absence  of  sheep  sorrel. 

As  a  rule,  farmers  are  not  chemists,   and  do  nci 


o32 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLAIS^TER. 


[May 


know  Avhat  their  lands  need  in  the  shape  of  fertil- 
izers, as  different  laud  requires  different  fertilizers. 
But  '«'e  cannot  go  amiss  in  putting  lime  on  any  kind 
of  land.  It  will  make  stiff  land  more  porous,  and 
sandy  soil  more  comi)act. 

Let  me  repeat,  deep  plowing,  clover,  peas  and  barn 
yard  manure  and  lime  have  reclaimed  more  worn  out 
or  abused  land  than  all  other  agencies  combined. 
Lime  works  wonders  under  certain  circumstance?, 
But  like  medicine,  it  should  not  be  given  in  over 
doses,  and  should  be  accompanied  by  some  kind  of 
stock  raising  for  the  manure.  W.  E.  Milleb. 

Fairfax  Co.,  Va. 


HOW  THE  FARMER  HAS  BEEN  EDUCATED. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

A  great  deal  has  been  said  of  the  educational  ad- 
vantages of  city  life  over  that  of  the  country.  This 
fact  has  had  a  definite  bearing  on  the  agricultural 
conmiunity  in  all  sections  of  the  country.  Parents 
have  left  the  farm  in  order  to  give  their  children  the 
benefit  of  the  advantages  which  city  life  affords. 
The  older  sons  and  daughters  have  left  of  their  own 
volition,  leaving  the  farm  to  their  parents  on  which 
to  live  out  their  natural  term  of  years.  Any  gi-eat 
industrial  enterprise  cannot  long  attract  labor  and 
capital  of  a  productive  nature,  which  plays  this  losing 
game  in  its  process  of  development.  But  now  as 
agriculture  in  its  various  phases  represents  the  great- 
est of  all  industries  of  the  country,  there  must  have 
beein  some  agency  by  which  this  stream  of  emigra- 
tion has  been  checkmated,  or  a  new  force  set  in  mo- 
tion to  counteract  this  condition. 

The  solution  has  been  found  in  the  farmer  himself. 
The  general  awakening  of  the  farmer  came  simul- 
taneously with  the  organization  of  such  self-helping 
societies  as  the  fanners'  clubs,  the  Grange,  etc.  The 
government  also  lent  a  hand,  not  with  a  spirit  of 
philanthropy,  but  as  a  matter  of  business  policy,  and 
which  took  the  form  of  departments  of  agriculture 
and  agricultural  colleges.  From  these  two  widely 
different  points  of  viev.-  a  systematic  method  of  co- 
operation has  been  evolved  to  solve  the  difficulties  of 
rural  progress. 

In  nearly  every  State  in  the  Union  a  central  or- 
ganization has  been  formed  to  promote  the  interests 
of  agriculture.  The  direction  of  the  work  may  fall 
to  an  agricultural  board  especially  created  for  the 
purpose,  or  under  the  auspices  of  the  agricultural 
colleges.  The  object  in  any  case  is  the  same — 
namely,  the  diffusion  of  knowledge  in  matters  per- 


taining to  agriculture.  By  far  the  most  potent  in- 
duence  for  agricultural  progress  has  come  through 
the  Farmers'  Institute.  The  general  supervision  is 
in  the  hands  of  the  State,  and  it  represents  the  co- 
operation of  the  farmer  and  the  scientist  in  a  common 
interest.  On  the  average,  each  State  holds  175  meet- 
ings in  as  many  places  during  the  year,  and  the  bene- 
ficial results  accruing  cannot  be  estimated.  An  In- 
stitute lasting  from  one  to  two  days,  and  ha^-ing  gen- 
erally four  sessions  a  day,  affords  ample  opportimity 
for  a  great  range  of  subjects,  and  while  the  purpose 
is  to  draw  out  local  experience,  the  scientific  lecturer 
may  be  able  to  point  out  from  experiences  in  other 
communities  practical  ideas  applicable  to  conditions 
obtaining  in  the  district  where  the  Institute  is  held. 
In  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  there  is  a  corps  of  95 
Institute  lecturers.  Their  reports  show  200  Insti- 
tutes during  the  year,  and  an  attendance  of  150,000 
people. 

The  Institute  or  other  voluntary  organization  for 
the  promotion  of  agrictiltural  science  in  any  com- 
munity marks  the  intelligence  of  the  inhabitants  of 
that  locality,  and  in  the  most  progressive  sections 
they  flourish  in  great  number  and  variety.  In 
Massachusetts  great  encouragement  has  been  given  by 
the  State  Board  of  Agriculture.  At  the  present  time 
there  are  thirty-four  agricultural  societies,  sixteen 
horticultural  societies,  forty-seven  farmers'  and  me- 
chanics' associations,  fifteen  Pomona  granges,  one 
hundred  and  fifty-nine  subordinate  granges,  and 
eighteen  organizations  of  a  miscellaneous  nature,  all 
of  which  are  connected  with  the  State  Board.  The 
secretary  of  the  Board  believes  this  communion  of  in- 
terests and  tinity  of  purpose  is  in  a  very  great  meas- 
ure responsible  for  the  general  prosperity  of  its  agri- 
cultural population.  Such  a  comprehensive  method 
cannot  but  leave  its  impress  on  an  agricultural  com- 
munity, developing  both  a  better  social  condition  and 
a  consequent  high  standard  of  living.  The  field  of 
association  is  constantly  widening  in  its  usefulness, 
and  their  need  is  becoming  more  fully  demonstrated 
throughout  the  country.  George  E.  Ciiadsey. 

District  of  Columbia. 


Bermuda  Grass  from  Seed. 

If  seed  is  used,  the  land  should  be  thoroughly  pre- 
pared as  for  other  grass  seed,  having  the  surface  thor- 
oughly pulverized.  Draw  a  smoothing  harrow  over 
the  surface,  leaving  the  whole  surface  corrugated 
with  small  furrows.  Sow  the  seed,  after  danger  of 
late  spring  frost  is  over,  at  the  rate  of  five  pounds  of 
seed  to  the  acre  and  brush  in  very  lightly,  or  better, 
press  in  with  a  heavy  roller.  J.  S.  N'ewman. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTEE. 


333 


THE 


Southern  Planter 


I'UBLISHED  HY 


RICHMOND,    VA. 

Issued  on  1st  of  each  Month. 


J.  F.  JACKSON, 
Editor  and  General  Manager. 

B.  MORGAN  8HEPHEUD, 
Business  Manager. 


TERMS   FOR  ADVERTISING. 
Rate  card   furnished  on  applicatlo 


TERMS  FOR  SUBSCRIPTION. 

THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER  is  mailed  to 
subscribers  in  the  United  States  and  Canada 
at  50c.  per  annum;  all  foreign  countries  and 
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REMITTANCES  should  be  made  direct  to 
this  office,  either  by  Registered  Letter  or 
Money  Order,  which  will  be  at  our  risk.  When 
made  otherwise  we  cannot  be  responsible. 

WE  INVITE  FARMERS  to  write  us  on  any 
agricultural  topic.  We  are  always  pleased  to 
receive  practical  articles.  Criticism  of  Arti- 
cles. Suggestions  How  to  Improve  THE 
PLANTER,  Descriptions  of  New  Grains. 
Roots,  or  Vegetables  not  generally  known. 
Particulars  of  Experiments  tried,  or  Improved 
Methods  of  Cultivation  are  each  and  all  wel- 
come. Contributions  sent  us  must  not  be 
furnished  other  papers  until  after  they  have 
appeared  in  our  columns.  Rejected  matter 
will  be  returned  on  receipt  of  postage. 

ALWAYS  GIVE  THE  NAME  of  the  Post- 
Offlee  to  which  your  paper  is  sent.  Your 
name  cannot  be  found  on  our  books  unless 
this  is  done. 

SUBSCRIBERS  falling  to  receive  their  paper 
promptly  and  regularly,  will  confer  a  favor 
by  reporting  the  fact  at  once. 

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what  time  your  subscription  is  paid. 

NO  ANONYMOUS  communications  or  en- 
quiries will  receive  attention. 

Address—  THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 

RICHMOND,   VA. 


DETAIL  INDEX  TO  ENQUIRER'S 
COLUMN. 

Artichokes    311 

Applying  Ashes   311 

Nitrate  of  Soda— Effect  of  Use  of 

Fertilizers  on  Land   311 

Crop  Rotation    311 

Top  Dressing  Oats — Cow  Peas  for 
Hay — Top  Dressing  for  Clover — 

Fertilizer  for  Corn  311 

To     Prevent     Injury     to     Tomato 

Plants  by  Cut  Worms  312 

Cow  Peas  for  Improving  Land.  . . .   312 

Whitev,-ash 312 

Seeds  for  Pasture  and  Meadow — 
Fertilizer    for   Corn   Land     and 

Wheat    312 

Protecting  Chickens  from  Hawks..   313 

Soy  Beans    ^±6 

Teosinte    313 

Curb  on  Horses   313 

Removing  Stumps  with  Dynamite 
— Horse  Apples — Remedy  for 
Scab  on  Irish  Potatoes — Ob- 
structed Teat  of  Cow 314 

Obstructed  Teats   314 

Injury  to  Wheat  Crop   314 

To  Prevent  the  Growth  of  Horns — 

Buckwheat  for  Bee  Feed  315 

Moles    31.5 


PUBLISHER'S  NOTES. 


TO    ADVERTISERS. 


All  advertisements  and  matter 
pertaining  to  advertising  must 
reach  ns  by  the  25th  of  each 
month.     Please  hear  this  in  mind. 


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this  liberal  offer  in  order  to  induce 
a  large  number  of  farmers  to  send 
ns  at  least  a  trial  subscription. 
We  will  greatly  appreciate  it  if  our 
subscribers  will  bring  this  notice 
to  the  attention  of  their  friends. 
They  will  thereby  do  us  a  favor 
and  indirectly  help  themselves. 
Remember,  this  offer  is  for  new 
subscribers  only.  We  have  an- 
other offer,  which  we  make  to  those 
already  on  our  list.  Eemittances 
can  be  sent  in  the  most  convenient 
form,  coin,  stamps  or  money  or- 
der. 


This  month  the  Southern 
Planter  appears  in  entirely  new 
dress  from  cover  to  cover.  We  ex- 
perimented last  month  with  the 
type  machines,  and  were  so  well 
pleased  with  the  appearance  of  the 
journal  that  in  future  all  composi- 
tion will  be  machine  set.  We  will, 
therefore,  give  our  readers  a  brand 
new  tyjie  in  every  issue.  How  do 
you  like  it  ? 

WITH  THE  ADVERTISERS. 

The  Chicago  Stump  Machine  Manu- 
facturing Company  resumes  its  adver- 
tising In  this  issue. 

The  Occoneechee  Farm,  Durham,  N. 
C,  desires  to  exchange  a  shorthorn 
bull  to  prevent  in-breeding. 

Breeders  of  live  stock  should  look  up 
the  advertisement  of  "Stock"  elsewhere 
in  this  issue. 

W.  B.  Fleming,  proprietor  of  the 
Bridle  Creek  Stock  Farm,  is  adver- 
tising some  choice  Berkshires  in  this 
issue.  Mr.  Fleming  is  a  new  adver- 
tiser, and  we  bespeak  the  patronage  of 
our  readers  for  him. 

The  Gans-Rady  Company,  the  well- 
known  Richmond  clothiers,  have  an  ad- 


WOOD'S    SEEDS. 

Plant  Wood's 
Prize  Head 
Late  Fiat 
Dutcti  Cabbage 

FOR  LATE  FALL  AND  WINTER  CROP, 

Our  easterners  pronounce  it, 

"  The  finest  Cabbage  for  winter 
I  have  ever  grown." 

"  The  best  late  Cabbage  I  have 
ever  planted," 

"Makes  the  largest  and  most 
solid  heads  of  any  late  Cabbage 
grown  in  this  section." 

Price  of  seed,  pkt.  Sc;  oz.  20c.;  1-4  lb.  SOc; 
lb.  $1  SO,  postage  paid.  See  page  17  of  Wood's 
Seed  Book  for  m03,  for  further  information  about 
Late  Cabbage  Seed.  Wood's  Seed  Booli  mailed 
Free  on  request. 

T.  W.  WOOD  &  SONS, 

SEED    GROWERS  AND   MERCHANTS, 

RICHMOND,  VA. 


Did  you  ever  buy 

a  SUIT  direct 

from  the  MILL? 

If  you  liave.all  right,  you  will  buy  again. 
If  you  haven't  yuu  will  be  surprised  to 
see  how  much  you  have  been  paying  for 
dealers'  prortts.  We  send  you  FREE 
sampiea  of  Spring  and  Summer  Suitings 
with  tape  measure andself-measurement 
nk.  Then  send  us  your  meusurements 
)U  a  suit  for 

.00 


and  1 


vill  make  you  a  fi 


$75'>«r$|0 

that  would  cost  you  $18  to  ?2o  at  your 
tailor's.  All  our  suits  are  all  wool,  made 
complete  in  our  own  mill  from  the  raw 
wool  up.  Every  suit  bears  our  label  and 
ia  guaranteed  for  one  year.  Every  suit 
has  hand  shrunk  collars,  hand 
made  button  holes,  padded 
shoulderH.  We  sell  either  tailor-made 
or  ready-made  clothing.  Men's  all  wool 
and  worsted  trousers  $2.,  $2.50  and  $3. 
Handsomely  made  and  trimmed.  We 
have  the  cheapest,  strongest  and  best  all- 
wool  boys' clothing.  Also  cloth  by  yard 
or  pieceand  ladies' suitings  and  skirtings. 
Write  to-day  for  samples,  &c. 
CLEN  ROCK  WOOLEN  MILLS. 
Somervllle,  N.  J. 


CRONK'S 
improved' 
Staple  Pullef 

IS  AT  THE  FRONT.  Ask  your  dealer  to  show 
it  Tliree  wire  cutters,  two  hammers,  two  splicing 
cl:imps-all  In  one  to^-1  A  Staple  Puller  th.iiwill 
puil  fet^pios  when  no  oiher  maUe  will.  A  cutterlhut 
will  reach  wire  when  the  button  cutter  will  not.  One 
day's  use  will  save  thecost  of  it.  4>i.UO,  postagepaid 
CKUNK  &  CAKKIEK  lUFG.  CO.,  Ji:imira,N.  X. 


334 


THE  SOUTIIERX  PLANTEK. 


[May 


vertisement  on  another  page,  to  which 
we  invite  the  attention  of  our  readers. 

The  Armour  Fertilizer  Worl<s  are  ad- 
vertising blood  meal  in  another  col- 
umn. This  packing-house  product  is 
receiving  the  attention  of  farmers  and 
feeders  everywhere  at  present. 

E.  F.  Schlichter  starts  the  season's 
advertising  with  this  number.  The 
Philadelphia  Silo  is  his  specialty. 

The  Defender  Spray  Pump  is  offered 
our  readers  by  J.  F.  Gaylord.  Catskill, 
N.  Y. 

The  West  Disinfecting  Company  is 
advertising  Chloro-Naptholeum  in  this 
issue.  Look  up  the  advertisement  and 
write  to  the  company  for  pamphlets, 
prices,  etc. 

A  new  advertiser  in  this  number  is 
J.  H.  Boelte.  He  offers  some  choice 
Shorthorns. 

The  Leaksville  Woolen  Mills  are 
with  us  again  this  season.  Farmers 
can  ship  rheir  wool  direct  to  these 
mills,  and  have  it  made  into  any  gar- 
ment desired. 

John  P.  Mays,  a  prominent  Leghorn 
breeder,  lias  an  advertisement  in  an- 
other column. 

Well-drilling  outfits  can  be  purchased 
from  the  Loomis  Machine  Company, 
Tiffin,  Ohio.  We  invite  the  attention 
of  our  readers  to  a  card  of  this  com- 
pany in  another  column. 

Some  finely-bred  Aberdeen-Angus 
bulls  are  offered  by  Rear-Admiral  B.  F. 
Day. 

Miniborya  Farm  offers  some  choice 
Berkshires.  both  sexes,  this  month. 

We  invite  attention  to  the  advertise- 
ment of  the  Messinger  Manufacturing 
Company.  Tatamy,  Pa. 

The  Majestic  Rotary  Washer  is  of- 
fered by  the  Richmond  Cedar  Works. 
This  is  a  splendid  machine,  with  hoops 
electrically  welded  and  sunken  in  the 
groove — a  patent  owned  exclusively  by 
them. 

Hereford  bulls  and  heifers  are  offer- 
ed by  the  Stonehurst  Fruit  and  Stock 
Farm. 

Farms,  orchards,  and  homes  are  for 
sale  by  J.  W.  Apperson  &  Brother. 

Note  the  offering  of  Duntreath  Farm 
this  month. 


HOW'S  THIS? 


We  offer  One  Hundred  Dollars'  Re- 
ward for  any  case  of  Catarrh  that  can- 
not be  cured  by  Hall's  Catarrh  Cure. 
F.  J.  Cheney,  &  Co.,  Props., 

Toledo,  0. 
We,  the  undersigned,  have  known  F. 
J.  Cheney  for  the  last  fifteen  years,  and 
believe  him  perfectly  honorable  in  all 
business  transactions  and  financially 
able  to  carry  out  any  obligations  made 
by  their  firm.  Wkst  &  Tit.vix, 

Wholesale  Druggists,  Toledo.  0. 
W.\i,mx(;,  Ki.NNAN  &  M.\nvix, 
Wholesale  Druggists.  Toledo.  O. 
Hall's  Catarrh   Cure  is   taken  inter- 
nally, acting  directly  upon   the   blood 
and    mucous   surfaces    of    the    system. 
Price,  7.5c.  per  bottle.    Sold  by  all  drug- 
gists.    Testimonials  free. 

Hall's  Family  Pills  are  the  best. 


Uhe  Practical  Man 

appreciates  the  sa\'ing  in  wear  and  tear,  in  friction,  draft 
and  labor  gained  by  the  simplicity  of 

Piano  Mowers 

He  knows  the  value  of  abolishing  needless  mechanism 
and  applj-iug  power  direct. 

Piano's  simple,  automatic  Clutch  Shift,  strong  internal 
Drive  Gear,  easy-acting  Vertical  Lift  Device  and  self- 
adjusting  Draft  Rod  are  the  kind  of  Mower  improvements 
that  appeal  to  him.  They  are  the  outgrowth  of  experience 
and  scientific  ingenuity. 

Our  catalogue  explains  them  and  tells  about  some 
other  interesting  products  of  the  Piano  shops — Grain 
Binders,  Headers,  Reapers,  Mowers,  Rakes,  Corn  Binders, 
and  Huskers  and  Shredders.  The  "Piano"  is  the  Husker 
famed  for  its  safe,  swift  and  satisfactory  work.  Catalogue 
free. 

PLANO   DIVISION 

International  Harvester  Co.  of  America 

CHICAGO.  ILL. 


SEND  US  YOUR  WOOL 
WE  PAY  THE  FREIQHT. 
WRITE  FOR  CATALOQUE. 


We  make  from  your 
Own  Wool  on  Shares 
Or  for  Cash 
White  or  Gray 
Large  or  Small 
Blankets,  Coverlets 
Dress  Goods,  Skirts 
Underskirts,  Flannels 
Cassimeres,  Cheviots 
Jeans 

Art  Squares, 
Carpets 
Stair  Carpets 
Smyrna  Rugs 
Buggy  Robes, 
Lounge  Covers 

LEAKSVILLE  WOOLEN  MILLS,  YamS     EtC. 

Leaksville,  N.  C.  Write  Us. 


ORDER  AND  SEE  THAT  YOU  GET 

Pasteur  Black  Leg  Vaccine 

If  not  obtainable  from  dealers,  refuse  substitutes  and  ■wire  your 
order  to  us.  Over  20,000,000  calves  successfully  vaccinated  with 
the  original  Vaccine  during  the  last  eighteen  jears.  Powder  form 
and  Cord  form  both  for  Single  and  Double  treatment. 

PASTEUR  VACCINE   COMPANY,  Ld., 

CHICAGO    -    NEW  YORK,    -    FT.  WORTH    =    SAN  FRANCISCO, 


11)03.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


SSc 


40 


SPLIT 
,.,         ^__'HICKORY 
WINNER  TOP  BUGGY 

Made  of  solectod  second  prowth  split  hickory 
throuEhout.  iiand.sonio  aud  durable.  Tbis  is 
a  thorou'.-hly  hittli-Krade  vehicle  at  a  low 
price  and  has  noel  braces  on  shafts,  panel 
carpets,  leather  quarter  top,  solid  panel  spnni; 
back,  open  bottom  sprins  cushion,  boot  on  bac.>t 
of  body,  hiah  leather  dash,  storm  apron,  sidj 
curtains,  oil  and  lead  paint  (choice  of  colors), 
open  hearth  oil-tempered  springs,  Norway  iron 
clips,  bolts  and  foriincs  and  a  hundred  othev 
points  of  merit.  Guaranteed  for  two  years. 
SENT  ON  30  DAYS'  FREE  TRIAL. 
Hitch  up  to  It  and  uee  It  before  you  decide. 
It  will  pay  anyone  to  b.irrow  the  money  and  pay 
Interest  on  It  to  take  advantiice  of  the  ereat  stvinK 
contained  In  this  bugey  barealn.  It  18  an  Investment 
for  years.  Secure  our  lart'e  catalogue,  sent  tree  It 
you  write,  describing  this  and  numeroue  other 
vehicles  and  harness  at  bargain  prices.  We  lead 
the  world  In  quality,  style  and  price.  Address 
OHIO  CARRIAGE  MFG.  CO.,Station  ».    Cincinnati.O. 


^«^iGET:;A'GOOIl' 


^Mi^itm^mvim 


Don't  buy  a  poor 
pay  a  double  price, 


d   dir 
factory  for  cata'ogue  of  th. 


FreeniaLFv 
Steel  Wind  Mills 

and  four  post  ant;le  steel  towors.  .^ 
comrlete  Hue  of  pumping  and  power 
mills  of  the  highest  grade  at  extreme- 
ly low  prices.  We  ran  save  you 
money  on  a  ^ood  article. 
S.  Freeman  €1  Sons  Mf^.  Co. 
7       110  Hamilton  Si.,  R.acine,  Wis. 

A  romplete  line  of  Feed  and  Hnsilage  Cutters 
Corn  Shellers,  Wood  Sa»;i,  etc.,  at  low  prices 


Corn  Piantirig 

well  and  carefully  done,  as  the  fu- 
p  depends  upon  it.  For  all  purposes, 
in  any  soil,  on  all  kinds  of 
ground  nothing  equals  the 

SPANGLER 

CORH   PLANTER. 

Ubnr,  money  and  insures  (he  crop.  %Yon 
itnow  whenit  is  worliinE;  you  can  see  the  corn  on  its 
way  to  the  ground.  Made  with  or  without  fertlllier 
attachment.  New  device  for  sowing  peas,  benns,  ensi- 
fa  .m  lusSpangler  Low- 


Do  H 


.rain 


rltrill.    \Vr 


SPANGLER  filANUFACTilMNS  CO..  5010  620  St..  York,  Pa. 


WROUGHT  IRON  PIPE 

Good '.-onditicn,  ust'd  short  time:  only;  newthreadf 
and  ooupliiigs;  for  Meam.  Gas  or  \Vater;  sizes  from  ]■< 
to  12  inch  diameter.  Our  prictr  ;ur  toot  on  ^inf^hj; 
So;  onlicoh.li-.c.     V>iitf^  tor  fre..-  catalogue  No,  166 

CHICAGO  HOUSE  WRECKING  CO., 


NO  HUMBUG. 


Mention    the    Southern    Planter 
writing. 


A   GOOD   SUGGESTION. 

Editor    The    Southern    Planter,    Rich- 
mond, Va. : 

Dear  Sir, — I  am  a  subscriber  to  your 
paper,  which  is  a  source  of  much  valu- 
able information  for  the  up-to-date  and 
progressive  farmer. 

Now,  a  word  to  my  brother  farmers: 
Let  each  and  every  reader  of  the  South- 
ern Planter  try  to  persuade  at  least 
cue  neighbor  to  subscribe  to  the  paper. 
In  this  way,  we  can  double  its  present 
circulation,  and  thus  enable  the  editor 
to  make  it  even  more  interesting  than 
now.  We  farmers  are  scattered  over 
tite  country  in  such  a  way  that  we  can 
speak  almost  every  day  of  the  South- 
ern Planter  to  some  neighbor  or  friend 
who  is  not  familiar  with  it.  This  the 
editor  cannot  do.  as  there  is  only  one 
of  him,  but  there  are  many  of  us. 
Let's  get  a  hustle  on  its  and  make  it 
the  greatest  farm  paper  in  the  world. 
A.  H.  D.  KiKG. 
Caswell  County,  N.  C. 
We  certainly  very  greatly  appreciate 
the  above  letter  from  our  correspond- 
ent. He  states  our  position  exactly. 
We  want  every  farmer  in  the  South  to 
become  a  reader  of  the  Southern 
Planter.  We  know  we  can  help  them 
in  their  farming  operations.  Look  up 
the  special  offer  we  make  in  this  issue 
to  new  subscribers.  We  appreciate  the 
support  of  every  one  of  our  friends, 
and  we  endeavor  to  make  our  .iournal 
a  credit  to  our  section,  as  well  as  to 
ourselves  as  publishers. — S.  P.  Pub. 
Co. 


PURIFIED   MILK. 


"Purified  Milk"  is  the  title  of  a  little 
pamphlet  from  the  Virginia  Cattle 
Food  Company.  Danville,  Va.  This 
company  manufactures  Mrs.  Lea's  Milk 
and  ButtPr  Purifier,  which  is  adver- 
tised in  another  column. 

The  pamphlet  referred  to  contains 
splendid  testimonials  from  prominent 
physicians  and  dairymen,  who  have 
used  this  preparation  in  their  herds. 


The  McCormick  Division  of  the  In- 
ternational Harvester  Company  sends 
us  some  unique  advertising  novelties 
in  the  shape  of  barometers.  This  ba- 
rometer consists  of  a  little  girl  wearing 
a  dress,  which  changes  color  according 
to  the  weather.  They  also  send  us 
some  useful  memorandum  books. 


THE  HILL-TOP  STOCK  FARM. 

We  invite  the  attention  of  our  read- 
ers to  the  advertisement  of  the  Hill- 
Top  Stock  Farm,  Staunton,  Va.,  of 
which  Colonel  S.  Brown  Allen  is  now 
the  proprietor.  This  farm  is  well 
Inown  to  numbers  of  our  readers  who 
have  purchased  stock  there  for  the 
p£ist  number  of  years. 

Berkshire  hogs  and  Southdown  sheep 
are  the  offering  this  month.  Look  up 
the   advertisement   elsewhere. 


Hollybrook    Farm    offers   eggs    from 
its  splendid  strains  of  pure-breds. 


Wise  Man's 
Wagon. 


Arho  has  hade 
ling  a  ■wagon  knows  that  it 
-vlieels  that  determine  the 
the  wnpon  itself.     Our 

STEEL 
WHEELS 

havegivenanewlea.^eof  life  to  thousands  of  old 
wagons,  lliey  can  he  hnd  in  any  desired  htight.and 
any  width  or  tire  up  to  8  inches.  With  a  set  ot these 
wheels  you  can  in  a  few  minutes  have  either  a  high 
or  a  low  down  wacon.  The  Electrle  llamly 
Waeon  la  made  by  skilled  workmen,  of  best  select- 
ed material — white  liickory  axles,  steel  wheels,  steel 
hounds,  etc.  Guaranteed  to  carry  iOOO  lbs.  Here' 
the  wairon  that  will  save  money  for  you.  as  i 
lasts  iihnost  forever.  Ourcntalog  describingthe  us 
oC  these  wheels  and  wagons  sent  free     U'  rite  for 

ELECTRIC  WHEEL  CO.,  BOX  146  QUlNCV,  ILLINOIS. 


WE'LL  PAY  THE  FREBGMT 

id  send*  Buggy  Wheels,  Slvdl  Tir«  un,       .       ii(7.2:- 

\Wlth  Bubbtir  lires.  $16.0U.    I  mlg.  wheels  %  iu4il 

I  tread.  Top  Bagglea,  $28,75;  Harness.  J3. 60.     Write  fi- 

CBtalogue,    Learn  how  lo  buy  vehlclfs  an-l  pmns  direct 

W»gon  Ombrella  FREE.  W.  V.  BOOB,  ClDCinnaU,  W 


FLOWING  WATER. 


RIFE 

Hydraulic    Engin< 


Defender 
Sprayer 


Expansion 

double   strainer. 

of   Pumps    and 

I  Spraying  free. 

WANTED; 

J.  F.  Qaylord,  Box   S2  CateUll,  N.  T. 


STEEL    KING    CULTIVATOR 

with  5  reversible  ])Oints 
and  hillers.  The  best  tool 
i>f  its  kind  in  the  market. 
Get  our  catalogue  of  Sep- 
arators and  Powers  for  2 
and  :!  horses,  level  or  e 


'it-a-i  .-u-^^-T  ^u»>L..-,  Corn  Shellers.  Feed  Mills. 
Steel  and  Plank  KmIKts.  Mowers,  Rakes.  Corn 
Planters,  Saws,  ?:niiines.  :' ini.'.'>  H.  P.  mounted 
and  stationary.  The  Messinger  Mfg.Co.,Tatamy,Pa. 


336 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


[May 


KENTUCKY  ALUMINUM  EAR  LABEL 

Mude  by  F,  H.  Jackson  &  Co.,  Winchester.  Ky. 
Write  to  them  for  free  samples. 


SPLIT  HICKORY  BUGGIES. 

The  Split  Hickory  line  of  vehicles 
is  sold  only  direct  to  the  user  at  the 
wholesale  price,  not  being  on  sale  at 
any  store,  nor  it  is  handled  by  any 
jobber  or  dealer. 

The  Ohio  Carriage  Manufacturing 
Company,  Station  41,  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
sole  makers  of  Split  Hickory  vehicles, 
is  a  highly  reputable  firm,  with  a  re- 
cord of  years  of  honesty  and  success  as 
makers  and  sellers  of  high-class  vehi- 
cles at  moderate  prices.  Their  offer  to 
sell  heir  jobs  on  thirty  days'  free  trial 
is  bona  tide  and  liberal.  It  enables  the 
intending  purchaser  to  see  and  try 
just  what  he  intends  to  buy.  A  postal 
card  or  letter  addressed  to  them  at 
Cincinnati  will  secure  their  valuable 
new  catalogue,  containing  all  the  latest 
things  on  four  wheels  for  people  who 
like  stylish,  long-wearing,  and  well- 
built  buggies  and  vehicles.  Send  for 
it  before  you  forget  it. 


The  Fanciers'  Supply  Company, 
whose  advertisement  appears  else 
where  in  this  issue,  is  unique  in  that 
it  is  the  only  exclusive  poultry  supply 
house  in  the  South.  Their  line  em- 
braces everything  In  foods,  remedies, 
appliances,  incubators,  and  brooders. 

The  business  is  under  the  manage- 
jiient  of  Mr.  Frank  Jenkins,  well 
known  throughout  the  South  as  a  judge 
and  a  fancier  of  life-long  experience. 
The  company  issues  a  handsome  cata- 
logue, which  is  sent  free  for  the  asking, 
and  should  be  in  the  hands  of  every 
pcultryman. 


WILD  TURKEYS  WANTED. 

Dr.  Cecil  French  is  advertising  in 
another  column  tor  all  sorts  of  wild 
game,  and  especially  wild  turkeys. 

Our  readers  should  be  on  the  lookout 
for  wild  turkey  eggs,  and  also  any 
flocks  of  these  birds,  which  they  may 
run  across.  Dr.  French  will  pay  $5.00 
apiece   for   them   next   fall. 


BEST    LINAMENT    FOR    ENLARGE- 
MENTS OP  ANY  KIND. 

Carrie,  Va.,  Jan.  22,  1903. 
The  Lawrence-Williams  Co..  Cleveland, 

O.: 

I  was  induced  one  year  ago  by  my 
family  physician  to  try  Gombault's 
Caustic  Balsam.  A  fine  mule  that  had 
an  enlarged  hock  that  all  other  lina- 
ments  failed  to  help  at  all;  after  using 
two  or  three  applications  of  Caustic 
Balsam,  added  J75.00  to  its  value.  Af- 
terwards used  it  for  another  one  with 
bone  spavin  that  was  so  lame  he  would 
give  out  in  one  day's  drive.  Gave  one 
month's  rest,  and  the  mule  Is  well.  So 
I  am  proud  to  say  Gombault's  Caustic 
Ba'sam  is  tar  the  best  linament  I  have 
found  for  enlargements  of  any  kind. — 
J.  C.  Dixon. 


■'The  difference  between  water  and 
air  is  that  air  can  be  made  wetter,  but 
water  cannot." — New  Orleans  Pica- 
yune. 


Announcement 


We  liave  obtained  the  Court's  decree  against  two 
additional  manufacturers  who  have  been  infring- 
ing our  patent.    The  rule  of  law  is :  *'  The  maker. 


The  Janesville  machine  Co.  and  the  Keystone 
Farm  Machine  Co.  are  the  only  limisllcensed  to 
use  tLjiat  tooth  covered  by  our  patent,  and  we 
finally  warn  sellers  and  users  of  all  other  makes.  So 
adinii'ablyhavethe6u,000"IlaUock"  Weedersdone 
the  work  for  whi<-h  they  were  designedLthat  one 
maker  after  another  sought  to  copy  it.  However, 
by  the  various  Courts'  decisions,  these  makers  are 
conipeUed  to  abandon  the  manufacture  of  a 
Weeder  having  tlat  teeth,  and  they  are  now  ex- 
pt^rliiuMiting  w  ith  other  shapes-  but  it  is  the  flat 
tooth  that  made  the  '"Hallock''  "Weeder  famous, 
and  inview  of  the  manner  in  which  our  patent  has 
be'-n  sustained,  it  is  dangerous  to  use  an  infrindng 
tuoth.  Write  for  descriptive  circulars  and  pnces, 
HALLOCK  WEEDER  &  CULTIVATOR  CO.. 
Box  839  York,  Pa. 


THEIMPROVED 


Chamberlin   Mfg.   Co.,  Olean,  N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A. 


STUMP  PULLER 

Most  Powerful.  Handiest 
and  Strongest   Built  In 
the  World. 
We  make  4  kinds  In  eliss 

suit  ul)  needs  and  of  any 

iired  ^lt^en^;th.     Saves  time 

and  does  the  work  right.    The 

operation    of    pullinc 

stumps  and  trees  \>J  our 

methods  is   simple  and 

eat>y.      >iend     for     Fre» 

Cutuloiciie. 

CUIClflO  STUMP  HACIIINE  IffFll.  C(K 

^26  La  SftHe  Street,  Chicago,  IIL 


HERCULES  STUMP  PULLER 


Clears  Hii  ncre  of  heavy  timber  land  each  day. 
Clears  all   slumps  In  a  circle  of  I.*  ft.  without 
movinK  or  changing  machine,    Strongest,  most 
riipid  working  and  best  made. 
Hercules  MIg.  Co.,  413  17th  St..  Centreville.  Iowa. 


WE  PAY  $26  A  WEEK    ^■>"  o-r>er.sesion.en 

I'oultry  Comp 


with  rigs  to  Introduce 
INTERNATIONAL  M'F'G.CO.,  Parsons,  Kan. 


li)03.] 


THE  SOUTHEElSr  PLANTEK. 


337 


Golden  Rule 
of  Agriculture: 

Be  good  to  your  land  and  your  crop 
will  be  good.     Plenty  of 

Potash 

in  the  fertilizer  spells  quality 
and  quantity  in  the  har 
vest.  Write  us  and 
we  will  send  you, 
free,  by  next  mail, 
our  money  winning 
books. 

GERMAN    KALI    WORKS,  ^ 

93  Nassau   Street,  Sf 

New  York.  .     ciw 

A/ft 


SAN  JOSE  SCALE""'"'-" 

Unil      JUU\.      UUni.1.   trolled    by  ubing 

GOODS    CAUSTIC    POTASH 

"WHALE  OIL  SOAP.  No.  3. 

It  also  prevents  CurJ  Leaf.  Endorsed  by  en- 
tomologists. This  soap  is  a  fertilizer  as  well  as 
Insecticide  50  lb.  kegs,  $2.50;  100  lb.  kegs.  $4  .iO. 
Half  barrels.  270  lbs.,  at  3Hc  per  lb.;  barrels, 
425  lbs.,  at  3'4C.  Large  qaantltles,  special  rates 
Send  for  circular. 

JAMES  GOOD, 
939— 11  X.  Front  St.,  Philadelphia.  p«. 


Agricultural 
and  Builders' 


LIME 


Send  for  Circulars  and  Price-List. 

FELLSWORTH  LIME  WORKS 

REEVES  CATT,  Agent 

Bodley,  Augusta  County,  Va. 

STEEL  ROOFING 


Slrictlv  new,  perfect,  Semi-Harden< 
Steel  Sheets,  2  feet  wide.  6  teet  long.  Tli 
be&l  RooriDc,  Siding  or  (eilf 


■  necessary  to  lay  it. 


We  furnisb  nails  free 
Tg  two  EidE'S.  Corner 
igattd  or  ■■V"  crimped. 

$2.00  PER  SOUARE. 

A  square  means  lOO  square  feet.      Write 
CUICAGU  11(11  SE  WBECUKU  CO.,--?.  ilSlli  i  Iron  sin.,  llilc»«o 


FRAZER 

AX  C  UrCflSC  the  world. 
I  Its  wearing  qualities  are  unsurpassed,  ac- 
tually out'asiing  3  bxs.  any  other  brand. 
Not  aflectt-d  bv  beat.  «3-Get  the  Genuine. 
FOI-;  ,<.^LE  BY  ALL  DEAI.KKS. 


TEACH  THE  COMMANDMENTS. 
The  Ten  Commandments,   if   I   may 
be    allowed    the    expression,    are    that 
quantity    of    eternal    righteousness    of 
which  human  nature  is  capable,  writ.-s 
Rev.  Dr.  H.  Martyn  Hart,  dean  of  St. 
Johns'  Cathedral,  Denver,  Col.     Ther-s 
was   one  man   who  kept   them   intact, 
one  perfect  man,  and  only  one.     But, 
inasmuch    as    Jesus    of    Nazareta    did 
keep  them,  it  is  proof  that  they  can  he 
kept    by    human    nature.     That    lhes& 
Ten   Commandments   were   spoken   by 
God  and  were  not  the  emanation  of  the 
mind  of  Moses   is  plain   enough.     We 
have  some  intimation  of  the  caliber  ol 
the  ancient  Egyptian  mind  and  of  their 
rotions  of  morality.     The  outcome  of 
the   Ten     Commandments     from   that 
source  is  impossible.     The  Jews  were, 
and  had  been  for  two  centuries,  labor- 
ers,  ground    down   in   slavery.     Moses 
could  not  have  gained  such  a  notion  of 
righteousness  from  that  source.    Then, 
how  did  this  man,  without  assistance 
from   his   environment,   suddenly   pro- 
duce a  code  of  laws  which  the  highest 
intellectual  capability  of  our  race  has 
never  approached,  much  less  equaled? 
The  Ten  Commandments  are  the:  only 
invariable   moral    standard   the   v/orld 
has   ever     possessed,     and   those   men 
whose    characters    have    most    closely 
reached  that   standard   have  been   the 
best  men,  the  nien  who  have  been  most 
honored,   who    have   had    the   best   in- 
fluence on  their  generation,  and  whose 
memories   the     world     has   treasured. 
What  ordinary  man  can  even  mention 
ten  men  who  lived  in  the  different  cen- 
turies  after    Christ    other   than    those* 
the   world   has   called    "saints"?     And 
the  saints  are  the  men  who  ruled  their 
lives  by  the  Ten  Commandments.  "Wis- 
dom."  said  the  wisest  man  who  ever 
lived — "wisdom  is  the  principal  thing,'- 
and  everybody  knows  that  the  ancient 
writer  wrote  truth  when  he  said:  "The 
tear  of  the  Lord  is   the  beginning  of 
wisdom."     When  that  man  whom  God 
raised   up   to  try  to  the  fullest  every 
scheme  human  nature  has  proposed  for 
the  securing  of  happiness  reached  the 
end    of    his    career,    having    travelled 
every    road    to    its    farthest    end,    and 
declared   of  each   one:    "It  Is   vanfty; 
all,  all  is  vanity,"  Solomon  bequeathed 
to  his  race  the  result  of  his  vast  ex- 
perience.    Let  us  hear  the  conclusion 
of  the  whole  matter.    He  wrote:  "Fear 
God  and  keep  His  commandments,  for 
this  is  the  whole  duty  of  man.'' 

The  Ten  Commandments  are  the  oniy 
rules  we  possess  for  the  eduetiaon  of 
the  heart — the  man. 

And  inasmuch  as  it  is  the  heart 
v.hich  govorrs  the  man,  and  not  the 
head,  the  Ten  Commandments  are  the 
most  important  implements  of  educa- 
tion we  possess. 

The  Ten  Commandments  are  the 
rules  of  morality.  There  is  not  a 
breath  of  ecclesiasticism  or  sectarian- 
ism in  the  Ten  Commandments.  Let 
the  Ten  Commandments  be  incorpo- 
rated in  the  regular  school  curriculum. 
They  carry  with  them  a  subtle  feeling 


Impartial  Time  bestows  none  in 
passing  on  vehicles.  Each  is 
judged  by  its  fitness  and  the  ser- 
vice rendered.  It  is  through  more 
than  half   a  century's   duty  that 

Studebaker 

Vehicles  and  Harness 


acquired    the 


Dod  opinion  of  all 

that  they  are  staid. 

h.  dependable  goods,  that  eive  full 
value  ever>-\vhere  and  always.  There's 
variety  and  fitness  for  all  service,  tiood 
taste  style,  and  above  all.  Honesty  in 
Ma.ke  a.nd  Ma.teria.1.  You  are  entitled 
to  these  things  for  your  money.  The  place 
where  vou  are  sure  of  getting  them  is  the 
Studebaker  local  dealer.  Catalogue  and 
particulars  sent  direct  on  request. 

StudebaLker  Bros.  Mfg.  Co., 

SOVTH  BEND,  IND. 


WELL 


DRILLING 
MACHINES 


The    most    successful    mouey-making    ma- 
chines ever  made.     Also  machines  for  boring 
wells    with    augers    by    horse    power.      Write 
us  if  you  mean  business. 
Loomis  Machine  Co.,  Tiffin,  Ohio. 


First  check  for  S'iO.OU  will  get  :i 

Sharpies  Safety  Hand  Separator, 

350  1b  capacity.     Doe.s  good  work. 


>» 


'*Feeds  snd  Fetding 

Prof.  Henry's  Great  Book  for 
Farmers  and  Stockmen. 

Delivered  anywhere  for        -        -     $2.00 
With  the  SOUTHERN  PLANTER,  2.25 


338 


THE  SOUTHEUxN   PLAKTEK. 


May 


impiUHl.  eco- 
nomlfal,  prnfti- 
enl.  hleh  i,'nule 
saver.  rse<l  bv 
jfooit,  prucllcul 
tar  111  ITS  every- 


< l■■■^  NANLOVt  CAIE  CO.: 

272  HU.RON  SlCHICACp.lu 


iitlstiic 


YOU  OUGHT  TO  KNOW  BHTTER 

About  the  U.  H.  Stays.  Thf-y  make  a 
cheaij,  strong  fonce  with  barb  or  coil 
wire.  Easily  handled  as  nails,  self-lock- 
ins,  can't  slip,  and  no  niarhine  neces- 
sary. They  are  made  of  heavy,  hard 
wire.  un<i  won'i  sliii  dnwn.  Try 
a  basketful  to  stiffen  the  old  fencing 
(barb  or  woven  wire),  and  you  will  use 
nothing  else  to  build  new  fence.  We  sell 
coil    wire.    too. 

THE    B.    B.    FENCE    CO.. 
14th    and    Clark    Sts..    Racine.    "Wis. 


wire:  rENCE. 

Heavy  lateral  wires,  heavy  hard  steel  stays. 
colled  spring  wire.  Sure  Grip  lock.  In 
strength,  appearance  and  durability,  the 
Hard  Steel  cannot  be  excelled.  Write  for 
oatalogue  and  prices. 

THE  HARD   STElOb   WIRE    FENCE   CO.. 
Cuyahoga  Falls.  Ohio. 


Page  Gate  Frames 

are  solici  round  Iron,  welded  by  electricity.    Gates 
have  to  stand  more  banginn  than  fence.    Cure  are 
Dowerfully  braced.    Meeh  entirely  woven  by  hand. 
PA(JK  WOVEN  WIBK  FENCE  CO.,  AUIUAN, MICH. 

Genuine  spiral  Spring  Wire 

FENCES  AND  GATES 

If  \our  dealer  dues  not  have  our 
gooJs  in  slock  \i»u  can  buv direct 
at  Mnnufacture'rs"  Price.' Write 
for  C.Ti  ilogue  and  secure  aE;ency. 

INTERNATIONAL  FENCE  AND  F.  CO- 
Columbus.  Ohio. 

Barbed  &  Smooth  Wire 


Smooth  Galvanized  Wire  Shorts 

(iani."-s.  10.  11.  13.  i:l  and  14;  Prices  from  $1.50 
to  $  1 .75  per  hundred.  Write  tor  Calalogue  No.  lli'i 

CHICAGO  HOUSE  WRECKING  CO. 

West  35tli  anil  Iron  Sts..  C'llICACiO. 

itl^^^LkiiiLAWN  FENCE 


ii'ii"iO';'*>;">:».''i  '\i»\w 


Many  deslRTiH,  Cheap  (_ 
■wood.  32  [laKC  Catalogue 
free.  Spi>rl«lPrlreatoCi<iB«> 
t«ri*flBDd('horrbeK.  Afldresi 
COILED  SPBINfl  FRIVCE  CO. 
Box    U.        Wlneh(Mit«r.  i>d 


FENCE!; 


STROHGESt 
MADE.      Ball 

■trotiff.  Chicken 
tlKbt.  Sold  to  the  Fanner  at  WbolMsk 
Prif«a.     rnlly  WaminUtd.    Catalog  Fn* 


of  awe — "God  spake  these  words" — and 
ihe  fear  that  the  Great  King  will  hold 
us  responsible  for  breaking  them  is  a 
continual  incentive  to  our  careful  keep- 
ing of  them. 

Mr.  MacDonald,  the  specialist  in  the 
United  States  Bureau  of  Education,  in 
his  statement  just  presented  to  Con- 
gress, says,  without  question,  that 
crime  is  steadily  on  the  increase.  This 
may  be  seen  from  these  figure.-i,  !)ub- 
lished  ten  years  ago  (the  data  of  f^e 
last  census  have  not  yet  been  issued, 
so  that  1S90  is  as  far  as  we  can  go) : 

In  1850  there  was  one  criminal  to 
every  3,442  of  the  population. 

In  1860  there  was  one  criminal  to 
every  1,647  of  the  population. 

In  1870  there  was  one  criminal  to 
every  1,021  of  the  population. 

In  1880  there  was  one  criminal  to 
every  837  of  the  population. 

In  1890  there  was  one  criminal  to 
every  715  of  the  poulation. 

There  were  8,834  murders  in  the 
United  States  last  year;  the  year  be- 
fore the  number  was  7,852 — an  increase 
of  1.000.  One  death  in  every  112  is 
murder!  There  were  986  more  sui- 
cides last  year  than  the  year  before — 
8,231  is  the  fearful  record  of  godless 
unrestraint.  One  death  in  65  is  either 
a  murder  or  a  suicide  in  the  United 
States. 

In  the  face  of  this  alarming  condi- 
tion of  the  mortality  of  the  nation,  it 
must  be  confessed  that  the  public  edu- 
cation is  a  failure.  It  falls  to  do  tha'. 
very  thing  for  which  education  is  un- 
dertaken; it  fails  to  train  our  youth 
to  the  yoke  of  discipline  and  obedi- 
ence; it  fails  to  create  in  them  a  prin- 
ciple of  energy  which  enables  them  to 
resist  temptation;  it  fails  to  induce 
them,  of  their  own  free  will,  to  accept 
the  law  of  labor  and  duty;  it  fails  to 
make  them  patriotic  citizens  and  God- 
fearing men  and  women. 

I  have  little  respect  for  the  man  whn 
is  only  a  destructive  critic.  Do  not 
pull  down  even  the  hovel  which  shel- 
ters you,  unless  you  have  prepared  a 
better  house  for  your  refuge,  I  there- 
fore would  venture  to  suggest  a  rem- 
edy to  arrest  this  increasing  torrent  of 
anarchy  and  revolution. 

I  would  stop  the  public  education  at 
about  the  sixth  or  seventh  grade,  t 
would  take  the  money  now  expended 
on  high  schools  and  universities  and 
spend  it  on  lower  education.  The  char- 
acter is  formed  practically  between  the 
ages   of  seven  and   fourteen   years. 

■I  would  supply  a  teacher  to  every 
twelve  children.  I  would  make  those 
children,  by  almost  individual  atten- 
tion, master,  and  thoroughly  master, 
the  groundwork  of  education.  Thej 
should  read  aloud  history,  geography, 
etc.,  and  plenty  of  it;  they  should  write 
composition,  commit  to  memory  the 
best  of  literature. 

I  would  publish  a  book  of  extracts 
from  the  Bible,  which  is  the  highest 
literature  we  possess.  I  would  have 
the  Ten  Commandments  often  repeat- 
ed  and   thoroughly  taught,  and  some 


FARMS  FOR  SALE! 

Farm  No,  2. 
Contains  265  acres;  215  under  culti- 
vation; 50  acres  original  oak  and 
hickory.  Fronts  on  the  pike  running 
from  Winchester  to  Alexandria;  five 
miles  from  railroad;  one-half  mile 
from  proposed  electric  railroad.  Excel- 
lent six-room  dwelling  house,  with 
broad  halls,  standing  in  a  large,  nicely- 
shaded  blue-grass  lawn;  all  necessary 
outbuildings;  land  chocolate  clay,  with 
stiff  clay  subsoil;  all  level,  but  rolling 
enough  to  drain  well;  fine  for  wheat 
and  grass;  well  watered.  Owner  con- 
templates making  improvements.  But 
if  sold  before,  price  $25  per  acre,  on 
•?asy  terms. 

No.  3. 
Contains  430  acres;  350  acres  under 
cultivation;  SO  acre<«  in  good  original 
oak  and  hickory  timber.  Situated  in 
Louiloun  county,  four  miles  from  rail- 
road station;  one  mile  from  proposed 
electric  railroad.  Soil  in  fine  state  of 
cultivation;  adapted  to  grain  and  grass. 
Land  level  and  watered  by  streams, 
and  a  beautiful,  bold  spring  in  the  yard. 
Good  dwelling  and  outbuildings;  two 
new  stock  barns.  Greater  part  of  farm 
in  grass.     Price  now,  $20  per  acre. 

No.  4. 
Contains  100  acres,  all  under  cultiva- 
tion, and  in  good  condition.  Good 
frame  dwelling  and  all  necessary  out- 
buildings in  good  condition.  Situated 
on  the  pike,  with  market  wagons  pass- 
ing every  day.  paying  Washington  city 
prices  for  produce.  Splendidly  situated 
for  fruit,  poultry,  dairy  and  trucking. 
Price  now,  $2,000,  on  easy  terms. 

No.  5. 

Contains  163  acres;  one-half  under 
cultivation;  balance  in  second-growth 
timber.  Good  seven-room  dwelling  and 
necessary  outbuildings;  good  orchard 
in  fine  fruit  section.  Farm  lies  near 
Southern  railroad,  twenty  miles  from 
Washington;  well  watered;  a  splendid 
dairy   farm.     Price,   $2,000, 

The  above-di'scribed  farms  are  situ- 
ated in  a  neighborhood  of  refined  citi- 
zens, with  good  labor  plentiful,  and 
will  not  be  on  the  market  long  before 
being  sold.  For  further  information 
and  M  more  detailed  drscription  of  any 
one  of  them,  write  to 

W.  E.  MILLER, 
Herndon,  Va. 


To  HOIYIESEEKERS. 

"THE  BUSINESS  OF  FARMING 
IN  VIRGINIA." 

Is   the  title  of  a  new  pamphlet  issued  by  the 
Norfolk  and  Wtstern   Railway  Company.     We 
will  gladly  mail  you  a  copy. 
W.  B.  UI'JVILL.      PAUL  SCHERER.  Agt., 
G.  P.  A.,      Lands  and  Immigration, 
Roanoke,  Va. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERNS'  PLANTER. 


339 


UflMCQ  AND  THE  PLACE  TO 
nUIVIto  FIND  THEM.    .    . 

No  place  in  the  United  .States  can  a 
man  do  so  well  at  farming,  for  th  e  money 
invested,  as  in  Virginia.  Lands  are 
cheap;  diraate  good,  and  the  liest  of 
markets  close  at  hand.  It  is  the  State 
of  all  others,  for  a  comfortable  all  the 
year  round  home.  The  .Tames  River 
A'alley  Colonization  and  Improvement 
Company  otter  superior  advantages  to 
land  purchasers.  For  free  36  pa?e  land 
pamphlet,  addre.ss 

W.  A.  PARSONS,        Vinita,  Va. 

WE   HAVE   A    LARGE   LIST   OF 

FRUIT,  POULTRY  and  TRUCK  FARMS 


Fifty  and  One  Hundred  Acres  each. 


■ith 


good  buildings,  close  to  steam  and  trolley 

lines,  easy  access  to  the  city.     Also 

QRAIN  AND  STOCK  FAkMS 

From   liiO  to  1.000  acres   at  low   prices  all   the 

way  from  $o  to  ?oO  per  acre.     Write  for 

Catalogue. 

THE  VIRGINIA  LAND  AGENCY.  Richmond.  Va. 

J.   R.  HOCKADAY.  Manager. 

IF  YOU  WISH  TO  SELL 

VIRGINIA    LANDS 

Communicate  with  us.    Write  for  tree 
"Virginia    Real   Estate   Journal,"    con- 
taining many  splendid  bargains. 
R.  B.  CMAFFIN  &  CO.,  Inc  . 

No.  I  N  lOth  3t  ,  Richmond.  Va 

VIRGINIA    FARMS, 

ORCHARDS  and  HOMES 

In  the  >'est  frnii  and  aerlcultural  eections  of 
the  stale.  VirgiDla  folder,  lists  of  property 
and  information  free 

J.  W,  APPERSON  &  BRO„ 
Yancey  Mills,  Va, 


JAMES  RIVER  FAhM  FOR  SALE! 

2?0  acres— 120  in  high  state  of  cultivation,  in 
Wheat,  Grass  and  Corn  ;  will  produce  SO  bushelp 
of  Wheat  per  acre.  Land  adapied  'o  variety  of 
truc^ine.  Dwelling  honse,  Barns  and  other 
out-building?.  One  mile  from  regular  steam- 
boat wharf.  For  further  information  write  to 
"J.\MF,s  River," 

Careot  The  Southern   Planter. 


;  PI  ED  MO  NT  rini^'-^ 

Good  land,  climate,  markets,  shipping  fa- 
cilities, churches,  schools,  good  health,  mode- 
rate prices,  easy  terms. 

HACON  &  CO.,        =         Orange,  Va. 

VIRGINIA  FARMS 

All  prices  and  sizes.     Free  list  on  application. 
WM.  B.  PIZZINI  CO..  Richmond.  V». 


Go  South. 


For  full  par- 

ticiilurs  write 

A.    JEFFERS, 

Norfolk,  Va, 


/  Can  Sell  Your  Farm 


Send  descriptjo: 


text-book  proviaerl  tor  the  explanation 
of  their  principles. 

By  this  plan  a  boy  or  girl  of  fifteen 
or  sixteen  would  leave  the  public  care 
thoroughly  and  accurately  instructed 
in  the  groundwork  of  education,  and. 
which  is  of  far  more  importance,  with 
habits  of  careful  observation,  accurate 
expression,  and  economy  of  time  well 
established,  and — above  all — with  the 
law  of  labor,  not  play,  stamped  upon 
the  character. 

Every  civilization  which  has  prac- 
ticed immorality  has  decayed  and 
finally  disappeared.  And  this  great 
country  is  not  beyond  the  reach  of  a 
universal  law.  This  country  is  rapidly 
deteriorating  in  its  moral  fiber,  and 
the  material  decline  will  Inevitably 
follow:  and,  unless  our  citizens  arise 
and  grapple  this  demon  of  irresponsi- 
bility and  immorality  by  reorganizing 
the  public  education,  even  this  land  of 
vast  opportunity,  rapidly  becoming  the 
land  of  license,  will  fall  from  her  ma- 
jestic height  into  an  unimaginable 
chaos  of  social  disaster. 


PRIZES  FOR  AGRICULTURAL  STU- 
DENTS, NORTH  CAROLINA 
A.  AND  M.  COLLEGE. 

The  Vermont  Farm  Machine  Com- 
pany, of  Bellows  Falls,  Vt.,  offers  a 
prize  of  their  No.  7  U.  S.  Sepsrator 
for  the  student  preparing  the  best 
essay  on  "The  Making  of  a  Daily 
Farm."  The  value  of  this  prize  is 
$100. 

P.  M.  Sharpies,  West  Chester,  offers 
a  prize  of  one-half  the  list  pric"  of  the 
separator  to  the  student  preparing  the 
best  essay  on  the  subject.  "The  Middle 
South  as  a  Dairy  Section."  Th^?  value 
of  this  prize  is  from  $.50  to  $250. 

The  Caraleigh  Fertilizers  aui  Phos- 
phate Company,  Raleigh,  offers  a  prize 
of  a  ton  of  high-grade  fertilizer  to  ihe 
student  preparing  the  best  essay  on 
"S.-^il  Fertilization."  The  value  of  this 
prize  is  $.35. 

Mr.  Grimes  Cowper,  Raleigh,  offers 
a  prize  of  a  pure-bred  registered  .Jersey 
bull  to  the  student  preparing  the  best 
essay  on  "The  Conformation  of  the 
Dairy  Sire  and  Cow."  The  value  of 
this  prize  is  $50. 

The  McMillan  Company,  of  New 
York,  offers  a  prize  of  a  set  of  books, 
"Rural  Science,"  complete,  to  the  stu- 
dent preparing  the  best  essay  on  "The 
Farmer  and  His  Library."  The  value 
of  this  prize  is  $25. 

Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  New  York. 
offers  a  prize  of  a  set  of  books  on  Agri- 
culture to  the  student  preparing  the 
best  essay  on  the  subject,  "The  Farmer 
Should  be  a  Student  Always."  The 
value  of  this  prize  is  $5. 

The  Zenner  Disinfectant  Company, 
Detroit.  Mich.,  offers  a  silver  medal  to 
the  student  making  the  best  report  on 
live  stock  exhibit  at  the  State  Fair. 
The  value  of  this  medal  is  $25. 

The  North  Carolina  State  Fair  Asso- 
ciation offers  a  prize  of  $5  to  the  stu- 
dent preparing  the  best  essay  on  the 
"Live-Stock  Exhibit  at  the  State  Fair." 


ELMWOOD  NURSERIES. 

ASPARAGUS 

100,000  2-yr.  old  Asparagas  roots, 
n  varieties.  A  special  rate  of  S3..50 
perlO'iO  for  2  mos,  for  liAHR'S, 
rALlIETTO,  CONOVER, 

APPLES 

A  large  general  assortment,  in- 
cluding WINESAPS  and  YORK 
IMPERIALS. 

Splendid    Assortment 

of  Ornamental,  Shade 

and  Fruit  Trees. 


from  B.  P.  Rocks,  Light 
Brahmas,  Brown  Leg- 
horns at  SI, 00  per  13. 


WRITE  FOR  OUR   CATALOGUE. 


Wood's  Farm  Seeds. 


Cow  Peas 


and 


Soja  Beans 

Two  of  the  most  important  crops 
for  farmers  everywhere.    Write  for 
leaflets  entitled  "  Soja  Beans  vs. 
Com  "    and    "  Cow   Peas — ^The 
Clover  of  The   South,"    giving 
special   information   about  these 
crops.    We  carry  large  stocks  of  all 
SEASONABLE    FARH  SEEDS, 
Seed  Corn,  nillet,  Sorghums, 
Teosinte,  Late  Seed  Pota- 
toes, Crimson  Clover, 
Buckwheat,  etc. 

Wood's  Seed  Book  and  Special  Circu- 
lars giving  prices  and  seasonable  in- 
formation, mailed  free. 

T.W.  Wood  &  Sons,  Seedsmen, 

RICHMOHD,-  VIRGINIA. 


VrRGINIA  FARMS 

S3  PEB  ACRE  AND  UPWARDS. 

EASY    PAYMENTS.     CATALOGUE    FREE. 

GEO,  E,  CRAWFORD  &  CO,,  Richmond,  Va, 

Established   1S73. 

riMC  TADIUC  '"  'he  great  fruit  grain  and 
rlllL     rAnlYlO    stock  section    of  VIRGINIA. 

j3e»t  cliuiate  ana  water  in  the  V.  S.  Near  great 
markets,  with  be.st  educational  advantages. 
l*'or  further  inforniation.  address 

ALBEMAKLK    IMMIliRATION  CO., 
S.\M'L  B.  Woods.  Pres.  Charlottesville,  Va. 


340 


THE  SOUTHS RX  PLAXTER. 


SEED  CORN 

Cottage  Valley  Stock  and  Seed  Farm, 

W.  M.  WATKINS  &  SON.  Props.. 
Randolph  P.  0.,  Charlotte  County.  Va 

White  Champion. 

■J'he  Earliest  Cornou  record.  Ears  10  to  12 
Inches  long,  with  IS  to  20  rows  on  a  cob.  Pine 
size  grain.  The  Onest  Early  Corn  ever 
planted  Planted  Juno  Inili  on  .i-.linM'iv  liMi 
land,  int,  and  wiis  in  sh.n-k  Sei.t.  imii  Wi- 
made  irom  i.nc  KullDn  ).lnnied.  r.'  barrels  i>l 
good   Loru: 

Price— 1  peck.  75c.:  )J,  bus..$r50:  1  bus.,  $2.50. 
Pride  of  Cottage  Valley. 

A  large  eared,  deep  grained  Early  White 
Corn  with  16  to  21  rows  on  a  cob  and  stalks 
13  to  15  feet  high;  usually  t«i.  ears  to  the 
stalk  and  yielding  an  abundance  of  fodder. 
This  Corn  is  very  productive  and  makes  the 
beet  table  meal. 

Price— 1  peck.  45c.:    H  bus..  85c.:    I  bus..  1.25. 
Early  Yellow  Variety. 

Popularly  known  as  Huron  Dent.  Most  per- 
fect-sbaptd  ear  and  most  reliable  Early  Yel- 
low Corn  ever  introduced.  Planted  May  luth. 
cut.  and  in  shock  by  the  latter  part  of  August! 
Price— t  peck.  30c.:  y.  bus.  60c.;  1  bus..  $1.00. 
Shuw  White  Dent. 

It  has  medium  cars  and  grows  very  large, 
compact,  close-set  grains,  well  filled  out.  the 
cob  being  medium  size,  very  white,  and  re- 
quiring grains  to  span  it,  and  weighing  about 
7H  lbs.  per  70  lbs.  of  ears.  Another  point. 
Snow  White  Dent  matures  a  good  yield 
during  droughty  years,  growing  along  side  of 
other  enrn  that  makes  little  or  nothing. 
Taking  all  points  into  consideration.  Snow 
White  Dent  is  the  coming  white  variety  for 
milling  and  all  other  purposes.  To-day  there 
are  more  than  thirty  articles  made  from 
white  corn,  and  Snow  White  Dent  Is  the 
best  one  for  all  purposes. 

If  you  want  the  best  wnite  corn  in  America, 
you  larnot  make  a  mistake  by  planting  Snow 
White  L'ent.  The  year  IPOl  was  the  first  time 
It  was  offered  for  sale  by  any  one,  when  it 
brought  $5.00  per  bus.  and  no  more  than  one 
bushel  -;vas  sold  a  single  customer.  We  are 
now  able  to  offer  it  in  quantity,  but  in  any 
event,  solicit  early  orders,  as  there  promises 
to  be  a  larger  demand  for  all  variety  of  seed 
corn  during  the  coming  season  than  for  many 
years  past.  We  reserve  the  right  at  all  tim.s 
to  decline  orders  for  more  than  one  bushel. 
Price— 1  peck.  45c.:  '^  bus..  85c.:  1  bus..  $1.50. 


DIGGS&  BEADLES 

/?fcX/4  BLE 

SEEDS 

Selefted  SEED  CORNS.  SO.JA  an.l 
VELVET  BE.ANS,    COW    PE.\S 
MILLET  and  SOKGHU.M,'^ 
Write  lor  jirioes. 

DIGGS  &  BEADLES,   Seedesmen, 

1711  E.  Franklin  Street, 
RICHMOND,       -       VIRGINIA. 

Catalogue  mailed  FREE. 

sx«b:d  coRitf. 

IMPROVED    aOLDEN    DENT— iVir   a    large 
yielding,  qulek-growing  yellow  corn,    this  va- 
riety is,  In  my  opinion,  unequalled. 
$1.00  (one  dollar)  per  bushel. 

J.  F.  DURRETTE, 
BIrdwood,  Albemarle  Co.,  Va. 


[Mav 


HONOR  TO  WHOM  HONOR  IS  DUB. 
(Mary  Washington.) 
Whilst  the  whole  civilized  world  is 
throwing  up  its  cap  (as  it  were)  and 
cheering  for  Marconi,  there  is  no  fact 
in  histor.v  better  authenticated  than 
that  the  original  inventer  of  wireless 
telegraphy  was  Dr.  Mahlon  Loomis, 
whom  we  may  justly  call  a  Virginian, 
for.  though  he  was  born  in  what  is  now 
callled  West  Virginia,  it  formed  at 
that  time  (1826)  a  part  of  the  "Old 
Dominion."  Fairfax  county  claims  Dr. 
Loomis  as  one  of  her  citizens,  on  the 
strength  of  his  having  spent  the  great- 
er part  of  his  life  there,  his  parents 
having  carried  him  to  that  county 
when  he  was  only  ten  years  old.  It  is 
not  a  matter  of  mere  tradition,  but  of 
record,  that  in  July,  1872,  Dr,  Loomis 
obtained  a  patent  for  his  wonderful 
invention,  but,  as  usual  with  men  of 
genius,  he  had  to  encounter  the  sneers, 
incredulity,  and  ridicule  of  his  contem- 
poraries, with  a  few  honorable  excep- 
tions. The  following  winter,  he  tried 
to  get  the  recognition  of  government 
for  his  invention,  and  accordinsrlv  on 
the  16th  of  January,  1873.  the  United 
States  Senate  passed  a  bill  incorpora- 
ting the  Loomis  Aerial  Telegraph  Com- 
pany, and  the  act  was  signed  by  Presi- 
dent Grant  on  the  21st  of  Jantiary. 

The  whole  transaction  had  been  con- 
signed to  oblivion  until  lately,  when  it 
was  recalled  to  recollection  by  Sena- 
tor Hoar's  introducing  a  resolution 
that  Congress  should  extend  a  vote  of 
thanks  to  Marconi  for  his  invention  of 
wireless  telegraphy.  On  reading  of 
this,  Mr.  E.  W.  Whitaker  (who  had 
been  Loomis'  attorney  when  his  bill 
was  passed,  and  who  had  assisted  him 
in  getting  a  patent)  wrote  to  Senator 
Elkins.  of  West  Virginia,  calling  his 
attention  to  the  fact  that  wireless  tele- 
graphy had  been  invented  by  a  man 
from  his  State  thirty  years  before, 
"but  that  a  foreigner  had  taken  and 
perfected  the  ideas  and  invention  of 
Dr.  Loomis,  who  had  died  poor,  be- 
cause his  countrymen  had  failed  to  rec- 
ognize his  genius."  I  am  not  aware, 
however,  if  any  proof  exists  that  Mar- 
coni appropriated  Loomis'  idea,  or  even 
knew  of  it  as  such.  It  is  more  proba- 
bly one  of  those  coincidences  (so  num- 
erous in  the  annals  of  the  world)  in 
which  the  same  idea  dawns  almost 
simultaneously  on  persons  living 
widely  apart  and  having  no  communi- 
cation with  each  other. 

The  records  amply  verify  Mr.  Whit- 
aker's  assertions  about  Dr.  Loomis'  in- 
vention. It  appears  from  the  debates 
held  on  the  sub.lect  that  the  bill  was 
warmly  championed  by  Senator  An- 
thony, of  Rhode  Island,  but  most  of 
the  other  senators  were  disposed  to  I 
laugh  at  it,  and  treat  it  as  a  freak. 
Even  Senator  Thurman,  although  he 
gave  the  bill  his  support,  showed  some- 
thing of  this  spirit.  "Now,"  said  he, 
"I  want  to  perfect  this  measure  as  well 
as  I  can.  The  promoter  of  It  has  dis- 
covered some  new  mode  of  telegraphy, 
which  he  assures  me  will  enable  him  to 


STOCK     AND      IMPLE\1ENTS 
For  Sale. 

BeinK  unable  to  finish  my  Auction  Sale  on  the 
20th  ult.,  on  account  of  darkness,  I  now  ofler 
'he  following  stock  and  implements  at  very  low 
prices  «8  I  must  leave  this  farm. 

KiNQ  IDLER— A  seal  brown,  thoroughbred 
Stallion,  by  King  Alfonso,  a  sure  foal-getler  and 
a  beauty. 

3  YEAR  OLD  COLT  by  King  Idler— as  fine  an 
ndlTidual  as  llvei ;  can  jump  a  4  foot  rail  fence 
now.  with  ease 

2  MILCH  COWS  with  calves  by  tbelr  sides;  4 
Yearlings,  2  Heifers  and  2  Bulls 

1  McCormick  Reaper  and  Binder,  used  only  one 
'eason  and  Is  as  good  as  new 

1  GEISER  THRESHING  MACHINE  with  30  inch 
cylinder. 

One  2-hoIe  Corn  Sheller:   1  Nesbitt  Grain  Meas- 
urer- 
Remember:    everything  Is  In  good  condition 
and  will  be  sold  cheap. 

THOS  SHOOSMITH, 
Naok  of  Land  Farm,  Jamestown,  Va. 


WALTER'S 

Piano  Exchange 

We  buy,  sell  and  exchange  PIAXOS, 
do  a  general  musical  merchandise 
business  and  take  trade. 


PRICES  THE  LOWEST. 

TERMS  THE  BEST. 

F.  W.   WALTER  &  SON, 
Staunton,  Va 


Crop  Growing 
and  Crop  Feeding.' 

Bv  Prof.  W.  F.  MaSSEY. 
383  Pp.    Cloth.  $1.00:  Paper.  50c. 

We  offer  this  splendid  work  In  connec- 
tion with  the  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 
at  the  following  prices: 

Southern  Planter  and  Cloth 

Bound  Volume.  SI. 25. 
Southern  Planter  and  Paper 

Bound  Volume,  90c. 
Old  or  new  subscriptions. 


FOR    SALE. 

In  Albemarle  Co.,  Vu.,  l'.,  miles  from  Crozel 
depot,  u  VALUABLE  FRUIT  AND  STOCK  FARM 
There  are  li.Jmi  I'ruit  trees  of  the  best  varieties-^ 
winesaps,  etc.;  over  one-third  of  these  iu  bear- 
ing. New  dwelling  and  outbuildings,  well  tim- 
bered and  HKtered.  A  lariro  part  ot  the  land  in 
grass,  ^(v)  acres  in  the  tract. 
For  particulars,  apply  Ki  ARTHUR  T.  EWINQ, 
Wintergretn,  Nelson  Co.,  Va. 


For  Sale. 


you  particulars. 


■'lOO  acre  farm  and  line 
I'limtry  home,  near  the 
.Natural  Bridge.  Postal 
card  inquiry  will  bring 


Mrs.  Tompkins,  Glasgow,  Va. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN^  PLANTER. 


341 


Fistula  and' 
Poll  Evil 


treat  these 
d  i  s  e  a  s  es 
y  n  u  r  s  e  I  r 
and  cure  them  in  15  to  30  days.  Flem- 
ing's Fistula  and  Poll  Evil  Cure  is  easy 
to  apply,  perfectly  safe  to  use.  and 
your  money  is  promptly  refunded  it  It 
should  ever  fail  to  cure. 

Interesting  Booklets  Free. 

We  have  two  booklets  to  send  you. 
One  tells  about  Fistula,  Poll  Evil, 
Spavlu,  Ringbone,  Curb,  Splint,  Knee- 
Sprung,  Lump  Jaw,  etc.,  with  instruc- 
tions how  to  cure  them. 

The  other  proves  that  you  can  cure 
thtm.     Write   to-day. 

FLKniNO   1-KOS..  Chemists. 
^2  Union  Stock  Vardii      ■    Chicago.  Ill 


Pressing  Hard  Easy 


Hay 
Press 

.^ __  it  with  the 

. n'tfie  horse.'  The  Red  Ripperhas 

ntered  in  competition  ^vith  other  presses.both 


RED  RIPPER 


It  bales  tight  bundles,  large  or^small.  and  d^c. 


here  it  was  awarded  first 
premium*  Dealere  who  handle  the  Red  Ripper  say  that 
it  just  drives  other  hay  presses  out  of  the  market.  The  low. 
est  priced  press  on  the  market,  and  ---  '—  "--  -"■  — 
to  operate.  Progressive,  e  =  ■ 

Uistributin^  points.  B.iltini 

Address     SIKES   MFG.  CO.,   Helena,   Georgia. 


i  less  than  others 
cal  farmers  will  want  to 
our  new  Cataloi:  No.  4.13. 


ROUND  SILO 

THE    PHILADELPHIA. 

The  only  Perfect  Continuous  Open  Front 
SILO  made.  See  Open-Top  Patent  Hoot.  Ask 
tor  Catalogue.  E.  F.  SCHLICHTER. 

321   Vine   St.,   Philadelphia,   Pa. 

Also  made  in  the  West  by  Duplex  Mfg. 
Co.,    South   Superior.   Wis. 

SE)E:I3     OODEB3>Cr 

The  Prize  WHITE  DENT  Corn.  The  seed 
were  obtained  last  year  from  Epitomist  Ex- 
periment Farm,  Indianapolis.  Matures  in  90 
days  and  grows  about  like  Southern  White 
Corn.  A  heavy  yitldcr.  Price,  J1.40  per  bus., 
75c.   per  half  bus. 

W.    RUSSELL,  Abbyville,  Va. 


300 
BUSHELS 


Soja  Beans 


FOR  SALE— ;iOc.  per  bushel. 
Seed  Corn,  irw,.    Bluck  Peas,  51  30. 
W.  H.  WILSON.  St.  Brides,  Va. 


llfifiJTE 

GREENSBORO,  N.C. 

For  the  treatment  of  THE  LIQUOR,  OPIUM,  MORPHINE  „nc 
other  Drug  Addictions.  The  Tobbacco  Habit,  Nerve  Exhaustior 


Tou  piiv  S^  when  cured. 
No  cure,  no  pny.  .\LE.\.  .«PE1K.S,  Box  .S44. 
Westbrook.  Maine. 


telegraph  all  around  the  world  without 
any  wires,  cables,  or  anything  of  that 
kind.  I  have  not  the  least  objection 
to  his  doing  it,  provided  so  great  a 
feat  can  be  accomplished." 

One  section  of  his  bill  provided  that 
"the  business  and  objects  of  said  cor- 
poration shall  be  to  develop  and  utilize 
the  principle  of  and  powers  of  natural 
electricity  to  be  used  in  telegraphing, 
generating  heat,  light  and  motive 
power,  and  otherwise  make  and  ope- 
rate any  machinery  run  by  electricity 
for  any  purpose." 

Finally,  the  bill  passed,  more  as  a 
compliment  to  Senator  Anthony  than 
anything  else,  and  because  it  did  not 
commit  the  government  to  anything, 
or  involve  any  appropriation.  But  I 
cannot  see  that  the  passage  of  this  bill 
effected  anything,  except  to  place  on 
record  the  fact  that  Loomis  was  the 
original  inventor  of  wireless  telegra- 
phy. It  left  him  still  without  ade- 
quate means  to  put  his  great  invention 
into  practice,  and  though  he  used  his 
own  means  unsparingly  for  the  pur- 
I'ose.  he  was  only  able  to  demonstrate 
on  a  very  small  scale  the  feasibility 
of  his  plan.  He  succeeded  in  trans- 
mitting messages  without  wires  be- 
tween stations  fourteen  miles  apart, 
these  stations  being  on  the  spurs  of 
the  Blue  Ridge  mountains.  He  me- 
morialized Congress  for  an  appropria- 
tion of  $50,000  to  enable  him  to  carry 
out  his  invention,  and  the  House  of 
Representatives  passed  the  bill,  but 
it  was  defeated  in  the  Senate,  and  thus, 
tor  want  of  this  trivial  sum  (trivial 
in  comparison  with  the  matter  at 
stake),  one  of  the  greatest  inventions 
of  modern  times  fell  to  the  ground,  in- 
stead of  soaring  triumphantly  aloft, 
and  the  name  of  Loomis,  instead  of 
being  proudly  inscribed  on  the  roll  of 
fame,  along  with  that  of  Morse  and 
other  great  inventors,  is  known  to  only 
a  very  few  of  his  countrymen. 

His   fate   reminds  me  very  much  of 
that   of   Columbus,   who,    after   all    he 
bad  risked  and  endured  in  making  the 
discovery  of  the  new  world,  saw  him- 
self virtually  pushed  aside  in  favor  of 
a  later  explorer,  and  the  crown  of  lau- 
rels   he   so    richly   merited    placed    on 
the  head  of  Amerigo  Vespucci,  in  honor 
of  whom  the  two  continents  of  the  new 
world    were    named^    instead    of    their 
j  liearing  the  name  of  "Columbia,"  and 
I  the   fact  of  Columbus'   rival   being  an 
I  Italian  renders  the  parallel  yet  more 
I  Eiriking. 

After  sacrificing  his  health  and 
means  in  the  effort  to  secure  recogni- 
lion  for  his  invention.  Dr.  Loomis  died 
at  the  residence  of  his  brother,  at 
Terra  Alta,  West  Virginia,  in  1SS6, 
aged  sixty,  fully  convinced  that  pos- 
terity would  acknowledge  the  import- 
ance and  utility  of  his  invention. 

A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  num- 
bers can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Address 
our  Business  Office. 

Mention  the  Southern  Ptanter  when 
corresponding  with  advertisers. 


Wapranted 

to  give  satisfaction. 


GOMBAILT'S 

CAUSTIC  BALSAM 


A  safe,  speedy , 
positive    cure 


Curb,  Splint,  Sweeny,  Capped  Hock, 
Strained  Tendons,  Founder,  Wind  Puffs, 
and  all  lameness  from  Spavin,  lUngbone 
and  other  bony  tumors.  Cures  all  skin 
diseases  or  Parasites,  Thrush,  Diphtheria. 
Removes  all  Bunches  from  Horses  or 
Cattle. 

As  a.  HUMAN  REMKDT  for  Rhen- 
matUm,  Sprains,  Sore  Xhroat*  etc.,  U 
is  invaluable. 

Everv  bottle  of  Cnaotlc  Balsam  sold  is 

Warranted  to  pive  satisfaction.  Price  8^1. 50 
per  bottle.  Sold  by  drugpists.  or  sent  by  ex- 
press, charges  paid,  with  full  directions  for  its 
use-  Send  for  descriptive  clrculara,  testimo- 
nials, etc.  Address 
THE  LAVRBRCB-WILLIAMSCOMPAST,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 


FOUTZ'3 

MORSE  A^'■' CATTLE 
PpWDERv^ 


1 

//  ^  i>l 

IN  HORSES  \ 

>y  IN  CATTLE 

^^"  i^ 

^    Depraved  Appeiiie,  In- 

Innuenia.  Dislemper. 

^•i  ^^^ 

d.g«tion.  Const.pal.on. 

.nd    all   Siom^/h    .nd 

IN  HOGS 

^'d  J^'"'J^°'"*'"'' 

ough.  Scours.  IndigMl 

on,     Supprewion      of      Milk 

vents     Colicky     .tucks     F 

The  Fin«i  otall  *n.n 

*l  viuliten  and  lonici 

■Dd  (be  ooly  one  wbkb  id- 

jeitibility  of  proleiQ. 

S  Pkffs.  $1.00 

12  Pkis.  J2.00 

Ui.      Pamphlet  No, 

.  Chargrcs  Paid. 

HORSE    COLIC. 

Send  me  $1   00    iind    T    will    tell  you 
liow  to  cure 

HORSE    COLIC 

IL.-  in  15  minutes  at  home. 

t  I    Address — 

rjj.  C.  PITCHER,    -    South  Boston,  Va.    1^ 


DEATH  TO  HEAVES 


NKHTO.V'S  Hea-e,  routh,  DU> 
U-mper    aod  Indlf^eMljoD  Care. 


342 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLAXTER. 


[May 


Home  of  High-breds. 

Kven  the  best  is  never  too  good, 
you'd  better  buy  of  me. 
FANCIERS  STOCK  AT  FA  -MEKS  PRICES, 
Dl'KOC-.IKRSEYS.  the  best  all-purpose 
hug;  also  J'OLAND-CHINAS:  U.  P.  ROCKS. 
M.  B.  TURKEYS  and  M.  P.  DUCKS.  Eggs  in 
F:enson. 

THE  CEDARS  Wn.  0.  OWENS, 

P.  and  S.  FARfl.  Midlothian.  Va. 


FINE  ILLUS- 
TRATED CAT- 
AI.OCI  UE  for 
stamp,  if  you 
mention  this 
paper.      All 


32  Varieties 
Best  Poultry 

poultry  keepers  should  have  it. 

JNO.  E.  HEATWOLE.  Harrisonburg.  Va. 

BROWN  LEGHORNS 

("Single  CombJ 

Eggs  from  prize  winners  and  good  layers,  $1.50 
per  sitting.     Reduetion  on  larger  lots. 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS 

R.  W,  HAW.  Jr..      -      Centralia,  Va. 


Barred.  Buff  and  White  P.  Rocks,  Light 
Brahnias,  White  Wyandottes,  Buff  Coch- 
ins, Partridge  Cochins.  Black  Langshan. 
Black  Minorca,  R.  C.  Brown  Leghorns  and 
S.  C.  AVhite  Leghorns.  Stock  for  sale 
cheap.  Prize  winner  eggs,  $1  for  15.  A 
hatch  of  two-thirds,  or  order  duplicated 
at   half   price. 

OAKLAND    POULTRY  FARM,  Rultin.  N.  C. 
Bo«  5. C.  J.  Warriner.  Manager 

BROWN  LEGHORNS 

[ROSE  COHB.] 

"  The    Celebrated    Maryland    Strain."    Prize 
Winners.    Eggs.  SI  00  per  Kj:  S.^..^  per  hundred. 


JOHN  P.  MAYS, 


Olencoe.  Maryland. 


EGG  H 

FROM 

WHITE  HOLLAND  TURKEYS 

i2.^T,    for    9;    $4.00    for    IS. 

WHITE    PLYMOUTH    ROCKS 

$l.r,    for    13:    $2.25    for   30. 

Parked  and   f.    o.    b.   Express  Office. 

JOH^  A     CLARK,        -      Shirley,   Va. 


FLOWERS  TELL  TIME. 

Largest  Timepiece  Ever  Built,  Design- 
ed  Entirely   in   Flowers;    Is  An  Ag- 
ricultural  Feature  of  the  Louisiana 
Purchase  Exposition. 
With  its  mechanical  frame  quite  con- 
cealed   beneath    beautiful    flowers   and 
varicolored    foliage   plants,   the   mam- 
moth floral  clock  that  may  be  seen  at 
St.   Louis  by  visitors  to  the  Lousiana 
Purchase   Exposition   in   1904,   will   be 
by  far  the  largest  timepiece  ever  con- 
structed. 

The  floral  clock  is  immediately  north 
of  the  Agricultural  Building,  and  to 
the  visitor  appears  to  be  made  entirely 
from  contributions  from  the  floral 
world.  The  mechanism  of  the  clock 
is  buried  and  the  huge  dial,  100  feet 
in  diameter,  shows  its  face  six 
inches  above  the  ground.  The  dial, 
the  hands,  the  minute  hand  being  lifty 
feet  long,  and  moving  five  feet  at  each 
move,  and  all  the  frames  are  so  cov- 
ered with  flowers  as  to  quite  conceal 
any  mechanical  contrivances. 

The  numerals  making  the  hour  are 
fifteen  feet  in  length,  and  are  made 
of  bright-colored  coleus.  a  foliage  plant 
that  grows  dense,  and  may  be  pruned 
with  the  gardener's  shears  and  kept 
symmetrical  without  fear  of  impairing 
the  growth  of  the  plant. 

In  the  circle  surrounding  the  numer- 
als are  collections  of  twelve  distinct 
plants,  each  collection  being  twenty- 
five  feet  long  and  twelve  feet  wide.  Na- 
ture has  ordained  that  each  of  these 
plants  should  open  its  blossom  at  a 
certain  hour  of  the  day.  and  the  great 
floral  clock  shows  how  the  laws  of  na 
ture  are  as  exact  as  the  mechanical 
laws  discovered  by  man.  As  the  hands 
of  the  giant  floral  clock  reach  the  num- 
eral naming  a  certain  hour  the  flowers 
in  the  great  bed  at  the  back  of  the  hour 
so  designated  begin  to  open  their  buds 
and  to  exhale  the  perfume  peculiar 
to  the  plant. 

Still  another  mode  of  computing 
time  will  be  shown  by  this  immense 
recorder  of  time's  flight,  and  this  by 
the  primitive  hour-glass.  On  the  south 
side  of  the  dial,  behind  the  numeral 
that  denotes  mid-day  or  midnight,  is 
built  a  tower,  twelve  feet  square  and 
eighteen  feet  high.  The  tower  is  of 
wood,  and,  like  most  of  the  beautiful 
structures  within  the  City  of  Knowl- 
edge, is  covered  with  staff.  The  archi- 
tecture is  graceful  and  ornate.  The 
top  of  the  tower  is  surmounted  with  a 
mammoth  hour-glass,  made  of  the  hea- 
viest and  clearest  crystal,  with  the  re- 
ceptacles for  holding  the  sand,  each 
six  feet  in  length  and  four  feet  in  di- 
ameter, as  the  base.  The  hour-glass 
is  so  suspended  that  when  the  sand  is 
spent  the  glass  automatically  reverses 
itself,  and  another  hour  is  being  told 
off. 

Concealed  in  the  picturesque  tower 
is  the  massive  machinery,  weighing 
tons  and  controlling  the  powerful  steel 
shaft  that  extends  under  the  centre 
of  the  floral  dial  more  than  fifty  feet 
distant.    The  powerful  machinery  is  so 


thrive  when  fed  on  our 

BABY  CHICK  FOOD. 

.\  perfect  bulanceil  f<n)il.  Send  lor  free 
■iinnpleand  oiir  laiKC  illustratcil  catalog 
of  POULTRY  SUPPLIES. 

INCUBATORS  and 

BROODERS. 

FANCIERS'  SUPPLY  CO., 

517-519  West  Broad  St., 

Richmond,  Va. 

EVERYTHI.NQ    FOR   THE    FANCIER, 


PK*.H.'»  mm  FOOD. 

rLLU  rOR  OO  DAYSJ)!, Prepaid. 

It  is  the  cheapest  food  on  earth.  It 
pays  others,  and  will  pay  you.  It 
makes  the  poultry  business  interesting. 
DECAUSE  it  produces  results— WE 
SUGGEST  a  trial  order.  Our  Booklet 
aud  Egg-Record— FREE. 

THE  FRED.  S.  PECK  CO.. 
211  W.  Mitchell  St..       -       Petoskey.  Mich. 


EGGS      EGGS     EGGS 

That  will  hatch  out  DoLLiiM  Not  real  dol- 
iiirs,  but  Turkey  sand  Chickens  of  the  beat  strains 
in  this  country,  which  will  net  the  owner  more 
real  dollars  of  prohi  than  any  others.  I  handle 
'■  Nothing  but  the  Beet  "  in  niy  line.  My  prices 
are  higher  than  some  others,  but  the  tjuality 
more  than  make"  the dfference.  National  attain 
Mammoth  lirnnze  Turkeys,  sitting  13,  S'2  Nat- 
ional strain,  Barred  Plymouth  Rock  ('hlckeni, 
sitting,  I.t)  Sl.fiO. 

PIEDMONT    POULTRY    PLACE, 
Miss  E,  Callie  Giles,  Prop.  Whittle's  Depot,  Va, 


EGGS  FOR  HATCHING. 

Toulouse  Goose  eggs.  $:i  per  dozen;  Barred 
and  White  Rocks.  S.  L.  Wyandottes,  Brown 
Leghorns,  S.  and  R.  C.  S.  C.  White  Leg- 
horns T.'ic.  per  setting  of  15.  A  few  more  Leg- 
horn Cockerels  left.  $1  each. 


Clover  Hill  Fartti. 


J.  B.  JOHNSON, 
Manassas,  Va. 


WHITE    WYANDOTTES 
and  BUFF  P.  ROCKS. 

Beautiful    birds   and   grand  layers. 

Cockerels,   $l..'in  each. 

Eggs.  $1  per  13;  ?3  per  100. 

EDGEMONT    POULTRY    YARDS.   Liberty  Mills.  Va. 


PIT   G'^JYIES. 

BLACK    DEVILS    «ND    RED    HOaSrS. 

These  Cocks  won  'JO  per  cent  of  battles  foughl 
In  UiOl  and  l'.i(i_'.  and  have  never  lost  a  battle 
when  gamenesand  cutting  qualities  could  win. 
Kggs,  SJ  per  silling  and  stock  for  sale. 

THOS.  W.  JARMAN,  Yancey  Mills,  Va. 


S.  C.  Brown  Leghorns 

Long  bred  for  tine  plumage,  strong  vitality 
and    laying    qualities.      One    setting   of    eggs, 
75c.;    two   settings   of  32  eggs.    $1.25;    per  100 
eggs,    $:'.50.     Address 
J.  N.  HANGER,         -         Lasley,  Va. 


SO    \U    ICPUnOMC     I'ure  stock.  Hred  to 
.  U.  ¥¥.  LLUnUnnO.  I«y     Kggs  si  per20. 
IDEAL  POULTRY  YAR03,  Kopp,  V«. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN'  PLANTER. 


343 


LEGHORN  POULTRY  YARDS 


Have  tor  sale  a  limited  number  of  Siugle 
Comh  Brown  and  White  Leghorn  Pullets  and 
Roos-ters.  Best  layers  known.  Prize-winning 
stock.  Price,  $1  to  $l.,iO  each.  Eggs  in  season 
at  $1  (or  16;  $',  per  100.  Satisfaction  guaran- 
teed.    Address 

A.  T.  MATTHEWS.  Box  36.  Parksley.  Va. 


WANTED! 

ALL  KINDS   OF 

LIVE  Wl*  D  BIRDS  AND  ANIMALS 

Particularly    Deer.    Wild    Turkeys,    White 

Squirrels.    Ducks,    Swans,    Etc. 

CECIL   FRENCH, 

718  Twelfth  St.  N.  VI..  Washington.  D.  C. 

EGOS  FOR  HATCHING. 

White  Wyandottes.  Barred  Plymouth 
Kocks,  S.  C.  White  Leghorns  and  Fekin 
Ducks.  Prize  winners  at  New  York,  Bos- 
ton, Philadelphia.  Cleveland.  Hagerstown. 
Pan-American  and  Charleston.  Some  ex- 
tra fine  stocic  for  sale.  For  prices  and  de- 
scription,  address 

LEWIS    E.  BENEDICT.  Proprietor, 
Meadowvale  Farm.  -  Lulherviile,  Md, 

Barred  and  Buff 

PLYHOUTH    ROCKS. 

FRED  NUSSEY, 

Summit,  Spottgylvanla  Co.,  Va. 

White    Leghorns. 

Egg  Record— ",21i;  efgs  in  one  year 
from  eighteen  hens. 
Eggs,  $2  per  15;  $S  per  f.O. 

Write   for   circular   to-day. 
C.  G.  M.  FINK.  1409  W.  Leigh  St..  Richmond.  Va. 

SILVER    WYANDOTTES 

EXCLUSIVELY. 

Famous  "Blue  Grass"  Strain:  none  finer. 
Eggs,  $1  per  13;  $2  per  30.  22  years  a  breeder 
and  shipper. 

S.  P.  YODER.  Denbigh,  Va. 


EGGS  For  Sale  of  Best  Pure-Bred  Stock, 
fresh  laid.  M.  P..  Turkey,  Pekln  Ducks, 
White  Wyandotte,  B.  P.  Rocks  and  S.  C.  B. 
Leghorn.  Write.  Miss  CL.A.RA  L.  SMITH, 
Croxton,   Caroline  county,  Va. 


delicately  adjusted  that  it  measures 
off  each  second  of  time  with  as  much 
certainty  as  does  the  most  accurate 
ship's  chronometer. 

Above  the  hour-glass  is  suspended 
a  sweet-toned  bell,  weighing  5,000 
pounds,  on  which  the  hour  is  an- 
nounced. The  sound-waves  thus  cre- 
ated penetrate  to  the  extreme  ends  of 
the  grounds. 

With  the  first  sound  of  the  bell,  the 
massive  and  beautifully  -  decorated 
doors  to  the  tower  swing  open,  and  the 
machinery  that  propels  the  great  time- 
piece is  exposed  to  the  view  of  the  pub- 
lic. In  one  minute  the  doors  are  again 
closed,  and  the  vine-covered  hands  con- 
tinue their  never-ending  journey,  pro- 
pelled by  a  power  as  incapable  of  de- 
tection as  the  power  that  causes  the 
flowers  to  unfold  its  blossom  at  the 
hour  appointed  by  nature,  or  the  force 
of  gravity  that  causes  the  hour-glass 
to  deplete  itself  in  a  given  space  of 
time. 

The  entire  centre  of  the  face  of  the 
mammoth  floral  clock,  a  space  inside 
the  circle  created  by  the  numerals,  and 
seventy  feet  in  diameter,  is  composed 
of  alternanthera,  a  foliage  plant  which 
is  commonly  known  as  "Joseph's 
Coat."  because  of  its  many  colors.  This 
plant  grows  low  and  exceedingly  dense 
and  mottled,  and  brightly-colored  fo- 
liage completely  covers  the  ground,  but 
will  never  grow  close  enough  to  be 
touched  by  the  hands  as  they  pursue 
their  never-ending  course. 

Encircling  this  immense  bed  of  al- 
ternanthera, and  separating  it  from 
the  fifteen-foot  floral  numerals  that 
mark  the  hour,  is  a  narrow  band  of 
centaurea,  another  foliage  plant,  popu- 
larly knows  as  "Dusty  Miller."  This 
species  of  plant,  a  beautiful  silver  in 
appearance,  grows  a  trifle  higher  than 
the  alternanthera.  The  band  of  "Dusty 
Miller,"  only  eight  inches  wide,  sepa- 
rates the  seventy-foot  circular  bed  of 
alternanthera  from  the  twelve  beds  of 
the  same  plant  that  surrounds  the 
space  on  the  dial  allotted  to  the  large 
numerals. 

The  hands  of  the  clock  are  made  of 
a  frame-work  of  steel,  but  wooden 
troughs  filled  with  soil  are  provided, 
and  in  these  troughs  myrtle,  ivy,  and 
other  creeping  green  plants  grow  lux- 
I'.riantly  and  completely  conceal  from 
view  everything  but  themselves. 

The  crowning  glory  of  the  floral 
clock  is  a  group  of  twelve  distinct 
plants  that  begin  unfolding  their  petals 
with  the  morning-glory  at  the  peep 
o'  day,  and  as  each  hour  is  registered 
a  new  plant  begins  displaylngr  Its 
charms,  while  the  bloom  of  the  plant 
of  an  hour  before  falls  and  dies  to  be 
reincarnated  twenty-four  hours  later. 
The  circle  surrounding  the  numerals 
is  300  feet  in  circumference,  and  the 
sections  of  hour  flowers  each  occupy  a 
space  twenty-five  feet  long  and 
eighteen  feet  deep.  The  sections  are 
divided    by    narrow    strips    of    foliage 


HOLLYBROOK   FARM. 

fiGGS  [5?  Sill'lNG 

From  Thoroughbred  Poultry. 

In  our  poultry  yards  we  have  the  following 
thoroughbred  poultry,  all  flrst-class  stock, 
tripinally  started  from  the  best  stock  in  this 
country  and  carefully  cross-mated  so  as  to 
(rive  strong  and  vigorous  stock  and  the  best 
laying  strains  of  the  diUerent  breeds  that  It 
is  possible  to  obtain: 

BARRED  P.   ROCK.  $1.00  per  sitting. 

BLACK  LANGSHAN,  $1.50  per  sitting. 

BUFF  PLYMOUTH  ROCK.  J1.50  sitting. 

LIGHT    BRAHMAS,    $1.50    per    sitting. 

SILVER   LACED    WYANDOTTE,    $1.50. 

BLACK   MINORCAS.   $1.50   per   sitting. 

In    addition    to    careful    breeding,    we    pay 

special  attention  to  the  handling  and  packing 

of  our  Eggs,   so   as   to   ensure   good    fertility 

and   a  good  hatch. 

HENRY  W.  WOOD, 
p.  0.  Box.  330.     Hollybrook  Farm.  RICHMOND.  VA. 


Barred  Plymouth  Rocks 

—  EXCLUSIVELY 

Strong.      healthy,      vigorous,      farm-raised 
.=;tock;  bred  for  laying;  75  cts.  per  setting. 
WM.  B.  LEWIS.  Irby,  Nottoway  Co..  Va. 

EGGS 


BARRED    P.    ROCK 


from  Sunnvslde  Winter  layiDK  Ringlet  strain. 
SI  .00  for  1.5;  «2.ii0  tor  4.i. 
SUNNVSIOE  POULTRY  FARM, 

Christlansburg,  Va. 

Refekenck;  Bank  of  Christinnsburg. 


EGGS  FOR  HATCHING. 

Purebred  B.  P.  Rock.  Bl,uk  Mi^jo^ff^; 
S  C  B  Leghorn.  Fine  stock,  excellent 
lavers:  I  guarantee  eggs  to  be  true  'o  na"«. 
fresh,  and  to  arrive  In  good  condition. 
7.5  cents  per  15,  S2  per  45,  Jl  per  100. 
MIssS    M.  HITER,   Ellisville.  Louna  Co  ■  Va 


BOGS  FOR  SALE 

From  pure  bred 

M    B.  TURKEYS.  WHITE  and  BARRED 

PLYMOUTH    ROCKS. 


W.  F.  FLANAGAN, 


Christlansburg,  Va. 


BARRED  P.  ROCKS  and 
S.  C.  B.  LEGHORNS. 

15  eggs,  SI  00:  30,  $1.75. 

Pokin    Ducks— 11  eggs,  si;  22,  $1.75. 

Barlains  in   Incibators,  Organs  "l^   Pi.anos. 

Satisfaction  guaranteed.   Rev.  J.  W.  HECKIVIAN, 

ai>nTT*VI  VA  NT  A  _    VA. 


Spottsvi.' 


^  ^«  «%  #«  From  prize-wlnnine  matings. 
C  n  n  O  BARREDand  WHITE  PLYMOUTH 
r  ll  ll  .N      ROCK.  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  and 

L  U  U  U      BLACK     MINORCA.      Reduced 
ratesTo  secure  widest  patr.,nage-Sl  00  per  13. 
KENTON    POULTRY  FARM,  Qlendale,  Md. 


EGGS.        EGGS. 

M.  B.  Turkey  Eggs,  bred   from  45-lb.  torn,  bril- 
liant plumage.  »;-;.00  doz.    B.  P.  Rock  and  Pekin 
Duck  Eggs,S1.00per20,  S4.00  per  100     Yearling 
Male  Scotch  Collie,  trained,    510  00:  Pups.  S.i.OO. 
C.  H.  BENNETT.  Goodman.  Va. 


EGGS    FOR    SALE 

From  purebred  S.  C.  B    LEGHORNS, 

$1  per  15:  So  per  100. 

MPS.  B.  D.  CHANDLER.  R.  F.  D. . Charlottesville.  Va- 


344 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[May 


I     The  Southside  J 

I  Manufacturing  Co*,  i 

^  PETERSBURG,  VA.  A 

I  AH  Kinds  of,..  t 


Fruit  and 
Vegetable 
Carriers.** 


I  Send  for  Catalogue  and  Prices,   t 

K>»»»>»»»»>>»»>»} 

NOW    READY,    A    VALUABLE 
PAMPHLET, 

CULTIVATION  AND  STORING  OF 
SWEET  POTATOES. 

This  pamphlet,  with  necessary  cuts,  gives 
plulo  directions  for  constructing  a  Sweet- 
Potato  House  that,  in  connection  with  im- 
portant details,  will  easily  Keep  sweet- 
potatoes  in  good  condition  until  the  new  crop 
comes  in,   or  longer. 

Also  some  new,  well-tested  and  valuable 
plans  for  bedding  and  growing  sweet-potatoes. 

A.  F.  Funderburk.  Dudley,  S.  C.  in  speak- 
ing of  this  pamphlet,  says:  "I  would  not 
take  ten   times  Its  cost  for  It." 

The  pamphlethas  been  introduced  into 
eighteen  States  and  two  Territories,  and  it  is 
believed  tljat  the  i^lans  given  will  eventually, 
to  ii  grt^at  extent.  supers<'de  the  present  mode 
of  growing  and  storing  sweet-potatoes. 

The  pamphlet  also  contains  a  number  of 
my  best  agricultural  articles.  Price  of  pam- 
phlet, postpaid,  50  cents. 

I  have  a  few  copies  of  forfula  for  con- 
structing "A  .Mothproof  Bee  Hh'e"  that  will 
be  sent,  as  long  ns  they  last,  without  extra 
charge.      Address 

BRYAN  TYSON,  Carthage,  N,  C, 


150  JACKS,  JENNETS 

V  and  Mules  150 

^^^^^^^^^^  Best  assortment  I  ever  owned. 
^^^^H^H    Can 
^^^^^^^H     for  de.scrlption  and  price? 
^  WAlsowill  sell  two  Percheron 

^^I^^^^^J    Stullions  at  close  liguree. 
BAKER'S  JACK  FARM.  Lawrence.  Ind. 


FINE  JACKS. 

Mules  are  eaual  to  GOLD  DOLLARS, 
from  "youth  to  old  age."  Several  nice 
ones  and  2  very  fine  Jennets  for  sale. 
Buy  Jark  now  and  get  him  ready  for 
spring. 
Write  your  wants  to 

L.   L    THOMAS. 
722  W.  Campbell  Ave  .  Roanoke.  Va. 


E.  W.  COLE  &  CO..  Big  Clilty,  Ky, 

Mention  the  Southern  Planter  when 
corresponding  with  advertisers. 


plants,  and  each  section  thus  retains 
its  individuality. 

Surrounding  the  twelve  groups  of 
flowers  that  open  their  blossoms  on 
llie  approach  of  the  hour  hand  of  the 
beautiful  floral  time  register  and  com- 
pleting the  picture,  is  a  circle  of  grass, 
six  feet  wide,  and  as  smooth  as  velvet. 
The  visitor  may  walk  around  the  clock 
on  a  spacious  granitoid  promenade, 
but  a  chain  encircles  the  six-foot  sward, 
and  the  dreaded  sign,  "Keep  off  the 
grass,"  is  not  in  evidence. 

The  floral  clock  will  be  as  attractive 
an  exhibit  at  night  as  it  is  in  day. 
Among  the  foliage  of  the  hour  numer- 
als are  1,000  incandescent  electric 
lamps,  not  visible  during  the  day,  but 
after  nightfall,  when  the  electric  cur- 
rent is  turned  on,  the  myriads  of  lamps 
illuminate  the  entire  exhibit,  and  make 
it  as  light  as  day,  and  more  beautiful. 

The  floral  clock  is  the  exhibit  of  the 
Johnson  Service  Company,  of  Milwau- 
kee. 


BLOOD  MEAL. 
Calves  scour  and  die  as  the  result  of 
incomplete  nutrition.  Too  little  pro- 
tein has  been  furnished  in  the  food 
of  the  pregnant  dam:  hence  the  foetus 
is  imperfectly  developed.  The  milk 
of  a  dam  so  fed  is  similarly  lacking  in 
this  most  requisite  ingredient.  Armour 
&  Co.'s  dried  blood  meal,  advertised 
elsewhere  in  this  issue,  serves  to  im- 
mediately balance  the  ration  of  cows 
and  calves — of  other  females  and  their 
offspring — so  that  these  evils  do  not 
occur.  It  is  pure  dried  powdered  blood 
of  bullocks,  and  contains  87  per  cent, 
of  digestible  protein,  besides  the  other 
necessary  and  valuable  constituents  of 
fresh  blood,  so  that  starchy  foods  may 
be  easily  and  cheaply  balanced  by  the 
addition  of  small  quantities  of  this 
important  product  of  the  packing- 
houses. Working  animals  are  strength- 
ened and  invigorated;  young  growing 
animals  fully  nurtured,  and  sick  ani- 
mals restored  to  normal  weight  and 
health  when  fed  dried  blood  meal  as  an 
adjunct  to  their  other  foods.  It  has 
a  hundred  other  important  uses.  Many 
of  these  are  set  forth  simply  and  truth- 
fully in  the  booklet  published  by  the 
Armour  Fertilizer  Works.  Readers  of 
the  Southern  Planter  should  procure  a 
copy  of  this  booklet,  which  will  be  sent 
free  of  charge.  Blood  meal  will  keep 
poultry  healthy  and  make  hens  lay. 


LORD  &  THOMAS'  NEWSPAPER 
DIRECTORY. 

The  1903  edition  of  "The  Pocket  Di- 
rectory of  the  -American  Press,"  re- 
cently issued  by  Lord  &  Thomas,  Chi- 
cago, is  of  great  value  to  all  who  are 
interested  in  the  subject  of  newspaper 
or  magazine  advertising.  In  compact 
and  convenient  form,  this  little,  neat- 
ly-bound, handsomely-printed  volume, 
besides  giving  the  claimed  circulation 
of  all  papers  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada,  contains  a  vast  amount  of  de- 
tailed information  classified  and  ar- 
ranged with  admirable  skill.  It  is  in- 
valuable  to   general   advertisers. 


MARKET  TOPPERS  FOR  SALE,  LOW. 


One  thoroughbred  Angus  cow,    unregistered 

coming  3  yr»..  with  heifer  caH  at   foot. 
Four  three-fourths  Angus  heifers,  two  coming 

3  yrs,,  two  coming  4  yrs  ,  bred  to  reg,  Angus 

bull. 
Four  seven-eighths  Angus   heifers,    coming  2 

yrs  ,  bred  to  reg  Angus  bull. 
Three  seren-elghlhs   Angus    heifers,   coming 

lyr. 
Four  one-half  Angus  hellers,  coming  1  yr. 
One  bull  calf,  out  of  a  thoroughbred  Shorthorn 

cow,  by  a  reg.  Angus  bull. 
One  9-mos-old  reg  Angus  bull. 
One  12-mo80ld  reg,  Angus  heifer. 

All  of  the  above  cattle  are  black  and  as  well 
polled  as  a  thoroughbred  Angus. 
One  fine  reg.  Angnsbull  calf,  5  mos.  old. 

Address       W,  M.  W ATKINS  &  SON, 
Cottage  Valley  Stock  Kajm, 

Randolph,  Charlotte  Co.,  Va. 


V.P.I. 

Farm  Bulletin 

Splen.lia  ANGUS  BULL  for  sale. 
1  year  old  in  April. 

We  are  now   booking  orders  for 
Dorset    R.^m     L.\mbs.       No     more 
Besk.shire  Pigs  now. 

0.  0.  NOURSE,  Prof,  of  Agr. 
Blacksburg,  Va. 


ABERDEEN-ANGUS  BULLS  FOR  SALE. 

1.  Mv  Herd  Bull.  ROCKBRIDGE  ADAC- 
rOR,  No.  -,036-1.  3  yrs.  old  Dec.  2d  last;  J400. 

2.  A  Bull  Calf,  born  Dec.  20th;  sired  by  'he 
above  "Abactor";  dam,  "Pride  of  Potomac"; 
Ko.   42607;    $100. 

3.  A  Bull  Calf,  born  Dec.  12th;  slrtd  by 
the  above  "Abactor";  dam.  a  thoroughbred 
Angus  Cow  bn  d  by  the  late  William  A.  Ruff, 
pure  breeding  can  be  shown  tor  this  calf, 
but  being  out  of  an  unrecorded  dam  he  can- 
not be  registered;  $50. 

None  of  thfse  will  be  sold  until  October, 
and  should  the  calves  at  that  tife  not  prove 
to  be  a;ood  spiclniens  of  the  br<ed  they  wlU 
he   withdrawn   from  sale. 

B.   F.    PAY.    Glasgow,    Va. 


MONTKBELI.O  UKRD  OF 

Aberdeen-Angus  Cattle. 

■J  Rci;.  Bull  (Hives  for  sale.  Ages,  »,  4  and  S 
months; 

1  Thoroughbred  (not  entitled  to  registration), 
male,  2  months  old. 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS  of  Biltmore  Strain, 

L.    H.    GRAY,    LOCK    BOX  58,  oniNGE.  va. 


iyo3.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


345 


lYIEADOWVALE  FARM 

OFFERS  FOR  SALE  SOME  CHOICE 
JERSEY  and  GUERNSEY  CATTLE. 
BERKSHIRE     SWINE,    WHITE 
WYANDOTTES,  BARRED  PLY- 
MOUTH   ROCKS    AND   WHITE 
LEGHORNS. 

The  cattle  oKertd  consist  ot  Young  Cows. 
Yrarliiis  Heifers.  Heifer  and  Bull  Calves  and 
Bulls  old  enough  for  service.  Berkshires  of 
all  ages  and  both  sexes.  The  poultry  is  all 
fine  breeding  stock  and  healthy. 

Meadowvale  Farm  has  won  in  the  past  three 
years  over  6nn  First  and  Special  Prizes  at  the 
Leading  Fairs  and  Expositions.  Including 
New  York.  Boston,  Philadelphia.  Hagerstown, 
Pan-American  and  Charleston.  For  Descrip- 
tion.  Pedigi-ee    and   Prices,    address 

LEWIS  E.  BENEDICT,  Prop.  Luthersville,  Md, 

Swift    Creek  Stock  and    Dairy  Farm 

Has  for  sale  a  large  num 
her  of  nice  voun?  regis- 
ere.l  .\.  .1.  C    C. 


FORESTRY    PROFITABLE    IN    THE 
SOUTH. 


The  University  of  the  South,  at  Sewa- 
nee  Has  Found  It  So. 


What  Can  Be  Done  When  Forestry  Is 
Practiced  With  Lumbering — High 
Profits  and  a  Better  Forest  the  Re- 
sults. 


^Wl   JERSEY  BULLS 
jjimmid  m  HEIFERS. 

None  better  bred  in  the  South.  Combining 
closely  the  most  noted  and  up-to-date  blood 
in  An'-erica.  Bulls  10  to  12  months  old,  $25; 
Heifers,  same  age,  $35.  POLAND  CHINA 
PIGS,  $5  each.  Send  check  and  get  what 
jou  waut. 

T.  P.  BRASWELL.  Prop."  Battleboro.  N.  C. 

FOR  5ALE 

Reg.  .A.VRSHIRE  BULL,  2  years  old  in 
July,   $.-,0. 

15   Fresh   MILK   COWS,   singly  or   the   lot. 

75  Fine  NATIVE  EWES,  with  High-Grade 
Dorset  Lambs  at  side.  Choice,  not  less  than 
VO,  or  $8  tor  the  flock. 

Will  have  for  sale  five  or  six  Selected- 
Grade  Dorset  Buck  Lambs  and  several  Regis- 
tered Dorset  Buck  Lambs— all  from  one  ot 
the  Finest  Registered  Dorset  Bucks  In  the 
country.  GEO.    R.    S.    CIINNELL. 

Irwin,  Va. 

ANGUS   BULL  CALVES 

Registtred    and    unrecorded.      Stock    Urst- 
class   and  breeding   the  best. 

SHROPSHIRE  SHEEP 

First-class   Yearling   Rams,    and   Ewes  of 

all  ages.     Several  FINE  FARMS  for  sale. 

WARREN  RICE,    -  Winchester,  Va. 

HAWKSLEY  STOCK  FARM. 

Large    ENGLISH    BERKSHIRES 
B.  P.  ROCKS  FOWLS, 

Eggs  from  same,  SI  per  13. 
J.  T.  OLIVER,        Allen's  l.evel.  Va. 

FOR    SilLS. 

Large  English  Berkshire  Hogs, 
Barred   Plymouh  Rock  Chickens 

BEN.  BOLT,  60747,  430  lbs.  as  a  yearling  at 
head  of  herd.       ;f  rEGGS  IN  SEASON. 
JOHN  P.  FOSTER.  Nocreek,  iihln  Co..  Ky. 

"WHITE  MINORCAS."  As  layers  unsur- 
passed. Catalogue  explains  fully.  Eggs 
shipped  auywhere  with  good  results.  They 
will  please  you.  F.  S.  BULLINGTON,  Box 
P,    Richmond,   Va. 


Ttie  direct  and  immediate  advan- 
tages of  careful  lumbering,  when  com- 
bined with  the  practice  of  forestry, 
have  seldom  been  so  forcibly  shown  as 
in  the  case  of  the  University  of  the 
South,  at  Sewanee,  Tenn.,  whose  tim- 
berlands  have  been  managed  since  1900 
under  the  direction  of  the  Bureau  of 
Forestry. 

Although  13,000  for  all  of  its  timber 
was  considered  a  fair  offer  by  the  Uni- 
versity in  1899,  the  Bureau,  by  its  plan 
of  management,  has  already  secured  a 
net  profit  for  the  University  of  .tS.EOO 
Four  more  years  of  lumbering  remain 
to  be  done,  and  for  three  years  at  least 
there  is  an  assured  annual  profit  of 
$1,500.  In  a  word,  timber  formerly 
valued  at  $3,000  will  have  been  made 
to  yield  a  profit  of  over  $7,000. 

Sewanee  is  on  the  top  of  a  spur  of 
the  Cumberland  Plateau,  and  is  a  noted 
I  summer  resort.  Every  summer  when 
the  University  opens,  hundreds  of  per- 
sons from  all  over  the  South  take  cot- 
tages in  the  town  to  enjoy  for  the  sea- 
son the  fine  climate  and  the  beauties 
of  the  woodland  scenery.  The  work 
of  the  Bureau  of  Forestry  is  thus 
brought  to  the  attention  of  a  large 
number  of  people,  many  of  them  own- 
ers of  Southern  timberlands.  who  see 
for  themselves  the  great  practical  ad- 
vantages of  forestry  and  careful  lum- 
bering in  the  suprisingly  large  profits 
and  improved  appearance  of  the  for- 
est. 

A  detailed  account  of  how  the  results 
in  the  Sewanee  forest  have  been 
achieved  has  just  been  published  by 
the  Bureau  of  Forestry  in  Bulletin  39, 
entitled,  "Conservative  Lumbering  at 
Sewanee,"  by  John  Foley.  The  bulletin 
does  not  furnish  such  specific  instruc- 
tions for  the  management  of  timber- 
lands  like  those  at  Sewanee  that  they 
can  be  applied  to  them  without  expert 
assistance.  It  illustrates,  however, 
what  may  be  done  with  such  timber- 
lands;  and  especially  does  it  empha- 
size that  lumbering  and  forestry  may 
be  practiced  in  the  South,  as  elsewhere, 
with  profit. 


SHORTHORN  S^.^o'^^'^" 


FOR    SAI£. 


'  mos.  old 


THE  POINT  OF  VIEW. 

"Life,  however  short,  is  made  still 
shorter  by  waste  ot  time." — Johnson. 

Although  these  words  were  uttered 
by  the  great  scholar  and  philosopher 
more  than  two  hundred  years  ago,  long 
before  the  invention  of  the  reaper,  they 
come  down  to  us  freighted  with  the 
same  meaning  they  had  when  first 
spoken,  but  from  the  modern  point  of 
view  they  perhaps  have  greater  signifi- 
cance.   They  mean  more  now,  because 


Close  descendants  of  the  World's  Fair  greatest 
winners  in  1893,  and  also  up  to  the  present  time 
wi'EciAL  Offer:— A  1-year  old  Roan  Bull  Calf  at 
87.=)  if  taken  soon. 

Poland-China  Pigs  of  the  best  and  most  fash- 
ionable breeding.  Spring  Pigs  now  ready 
Pedigree  furnished  with  all  stock  sold.  Come 
or  write. 

WM,  T.  THRASHER,  Sprin(twood,  Va. 


ELLERSLIE    FARM  l:-- 
Thoroughbred  Horses 

AND  SHORTHORN  CAHLE, 

Pnre  Southdown  Sheep 
and  Berkshire  Pigs. 

Fob  Sale.     R.  J.  HANCOCK  &  SON, 
Chablottesville,  Va. 


COOK'SCREEK  HERD 

Scotch-Topped 
Shorthorns^^ 

Herd   Headed    by    Governor   Tvler,  1.58.5  4S. 
Young  Bulls  for   sale.    Inspection  "and    corres- 
pondence invited. 
HEATWOLE  &  SUTER,  Dale  Enterprise,  Va. 


SHORTHORNS 

FOR    SALE. 

The  Red  and  While  Hull  Calf  Westover 
138579;  Roan  Cow  Dina,  4  years  old,  oat 
of  Red  Jacket;  also  10  months  old  Bull,  to  be 
registered  if  desired.  Inspection  of  stock  In- 
vited. J.  H.  BOELTE.Redfield  Stock  Farm. 
News  Ferry,  Va. 


EAST  KIVER  SIDE 


SHORTHORNS 

FOR   SALE 

Two  Red  Heifer  Calves  to  be 
shipped  about  May  Ist. 
Address 


JAMES  F.  CLEMMER, 


Summerdean,  Va. 


VIRGINIA    VALLEY   HERD 

Of  Registered  Shorthorn  Cattle. 

Choice  young  bull,  cows  and  heifers  bred 
Also  Poland-China  Hogs  and  Bar- 
red Plymouth  Rock  Chickens. 

Prices    Re.\sonable. 
HENRY  BLOSSER,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 


WE  WILL  EXCHANGE  A 

Reg.  SHORTHORN 

(Durham)  Bull.  2  years  old,  well  bred,  for  bull 
of  same  breed  to  avoid  inbreeding.  We  refer  to 
former  owner,   Mr.   R.   L.  Owen,  of  Lexington, 


WANTED— Pair  Pure  Bred  PERCHERON 
and  CLYDESDALE  Brood  Mares;  DUROC 
Bear  and  Sows;  one  SHROPSHIRE,  SOUTH- 
IjOWN  and  LINCOLN  Ram  and  five  Ewes. 
Address  STOCK,  care  Southern  Planter,  with 
prices   and    particulars. 


>T     REVOLVERS,   GUNS,  SWORDS. 
I     Military  Goods,  NEW  and  old,  auc- 

tloned  to  F.  Bannerman,  679  Bowery, 

>*■.  Y.    15c.  Catalogue  mailed,  6c. 


GOV 


346 


THE  SOUTHEllX   F1.AXTKR. 


[May 


RERKSHIRES 

ANNEFIELD  HERD 

Represents   the 

Finest  Blood  Lines 

in  England  or  America. 

Stock  for  sale  at  all  times. 

Correspondence  Solicited. 

Inspection  Invited. 

EDW.  G.  BUTLER.  ftnnelield  Farms. 

Briggs.  Clarke  Co..  Va. 


We   Have  Some  Choice 

BERKSHlih^r. 

...BOTH  SEXES.... 
By  Highclere  Topper  of  Bilt- 
more  II,  o"'  ''^  Harlene,  I"'- 
ported.  Also  Two  Ke^'istere.I 
JERSEY  BULL  Calves 
MINIBORYA  FARM.  -  BOX  901. 
RICHMOND,    VIRGINIA. 

ESSEX    PIGS-FOR  SALE. 

Some  fine    Pigs,    fniiii 

KeKistered  Stock,  nnl 

.mated.  Ht  $10.00  per  pair, 

ted  F.  O.   B.    8  to  10 

c'kso'.d.    Your  orders 

solicited. 

L.  Q.  JONES,  Bethania.  N.  C. 


C.  Whites.  Fill.-  lar^- 
strains.  .Ml  a'..'.-s.  inaU' 
not  akin,  s  ».-.k.  pi---^ 
Bred  sows.  SiTvi.-cl.oai 
ami  ronltry.  WriU-  tor  pri 
P.  F.  HAMILTON,  c.il.ranv 


RED    POLL 

BULL    CALVES     FOR     SALE. 

Keglstered.    .Uso  DEVONS,  ""  "Scs. 

B.  P.  JONES.  South  Montrose,  Pa. 
WANTED    A  thoroughbred 

RED  POLL  BULL 

Calf.    1    to    s    monlhs    old.  lorrt-sponden.i- 

soliclted.  J.  D.  JOHNSON.  Garland.  N   C. 

COLLIE  PUPS! 

Lly  prize-winning  imported  sires  and  trained 
dams.  Eligible.  Fit  for  bench,  ranch  or  farm. 
Price  110,  either  sex.  Also  a  book  on  the 
care  and  training  of  the  Collie  tor  ail  practi- 
cal USPS.  Price,  iOc.  Copy  of  book  free  to 
purchaser  of  Collie. 

Slock  Farm.  •'MAPLEMONT."  Albany,  Vermont 


time  is  worth  more.  On  tlie  farm  to- 
day one  man  and  a  good  binder  will 
accomplish  more  in  a  day  than  a  dozen 
men  cotild  do  in  a  week  in  the  olden 
time.  Thus  time  has  come  to  be  a 
very  important  factor  in  modern  farm 
work,  and  it  behooves  the  farmer  to 
sttidv  his  best  interests  from  every 
point  of  view  and  do  the  right  thing 
at  the  right  time,  McCormick  ma- 
chines are  great  time-savers— they  en- 
able the  farmer  to  think  and  plan  and 
look  at  things  from  the  correct  point 
of  view. 


SUCCESSFUL  RIDING  CULTIVA- 
TORS. 
The  only  way  to  find  out  whether  a 
farm  implement  will  work  or  not  is  to 
try  it  in  the  field  under  all  the  various 
conditions  of  soil,  climate,  crops  and 
seasons  that  farmers  in  various  parts 
of  the  country  have  to  contend  with. 
This  is  the  test  that  has  been  applied 
during  manv  years  to  the  line  of  Iron 
Age  Riding  Cultivators,  and  they  have 
come  out  winners  in  the  trial.  To  meet 
various  conditions,  they  are  made  with 
pivot  wheels,  with  fixed  wheels,  or 
with  a  combination  of  the  two,  and 
they  are  adaptable  to  all  conditions  of 
soil'  or  crops,  hills  or  plains,  Espe- 
ciallv  desirable  tor  cultivating  crops 
on  hillsides  or  for  work  among  crooked 
rows  is  the  Iron  Age  Pivot  Wheel  Cul- 
tivator, a  movement  of  the  foot  carry- 
ing the  whole  implement,  with  its 
gangs  of  teeth,  to  right  or  left  as  de- 
sired. 


The  cut  shows  one  of  the  popular 
Iron  Age  Riding  Cultivators  having 
pivot  wheels:  spring  pressure  lock- 
down,  to  prevent  the  gangs  rising  and 
slipping  over  hard  places;  and  lever 
gang  adjuster,  which  gives  the  opera- 
Tor  immediate  control  over  the  width 
of  his  gangs. 

Among  the  attachments  for  these  cul- 
tivators are  the  fallow-tooth  attach- 
ment, for  work  in  orchards  and  for  pre- 
paring land  in  the  fall  for  sowing 
grain:  the  plows  for  turning  earth 
away  from  the  plant,  hilling  up,  and 
marking  rows:  spring  hoes,  adjustable 
in  every  way:  and  discs,  for  working 
crops  and  for  exterminating  wire-grass, 
coffee,  etc. 

Prices  and  full  descriptions  can  be 
obtained  from  the  Bateman  M'f'g  Co., 
Box  167,  Grenloch,  N.  J. 

A  neat  Bfnder  for  your  back  num- 
bers can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Address 
our  Business  Office. 


"WOODLAND,"    239-2569. 


Bred  hv  us.    The  finest  Dorset  ram  we  ever  saw. 
Isnow"ai  the  head  of  our  flock  with   ••  WOOD- 
LANI'."  -Ml-STl."  Imp. 
J.  E.  WING  &  CO.,  Mechanicsburg,  O 


WANTED 

SHEEP,  GOATS,  HEREFORD  CAHLE 

Am  cpen  to  buy  25  to  oO  Angora  Goats, 
25  to  l'>0  Shropshire  or  Dorset  Sheep. 
1  Hereford  Bull  (yearling),  5  Hereford 
Htifers. 

Cattle  must  be  registered  stock;  Sheep  and 
Cioats  r?gistered  or  high  grades. 

JO    HARDIE. 
Brown   Summit.    N.   C. 


Hereford  Gattle. 

A    number    of    vouul'    HERE- 
FORD Bulls  iinii    Heifers,     not 
akin,  at  reasonable  prices, 
STONEHURST  FRUIT  AND  STOCK  FARM, 

Union  Mills.  Fluvanna  Co.,  Va. 


FOR    SALE 
8Reg.  HEREFURDBULLS 

I'rom  6  mos.  to  3  jts.  old. 

8  Reg.  HEIFERS 

From   0  to   IS   mos. old.     At  reasonable  prices. 
HAYFIELOS  STOCK  FARM.     Cockeysville.  Md. 


Dorsets  and  Herefords. 

1  am  now  ottering  niv  line  herd  bull.  ROY 
MAY.  ,S01S3:  am  also  liookine  orders  for  Dorset 
ram  lambs, 

H.   ARWSTRONS.   L*NTZ   MILLS,   V*. 


.\  thoroughbred  H  O  LSTEI  N  -  FRESI  AN 

BULL    one  year  old,  eliL'iMe  to  registration. 

For  prices,  etc..  address 

0.  R.  PETTYJOHN.  Mgr.  Tate  Spring  Farm. 

Dnchburg.  va. 


Aryshires,   Berkshires  and  Oxford-Downs. 

.\yr.shiri  Calves  of  both  se.\es.  Berkshire 
I'igs  and  Boar  and  2  Oxford- Down  Rams  for 
Si.lc.  •  .MELROSE  C.\STLE   FAK.M. 

Enos   H.    Hess,    ManaRcr.   Casanova.   Va. 


WANTED 

POSITION  by  Practical  Poultry  man 
to  plan  and  biiiUl  a  duck  and  poultry 
plant  for  market,  for  a  man  liavinc;  loca- 
tion an<l  capital  None  other  need  an- 
swer Salary  expected  until  business  is 
established."  No  1  references  given  and 
same  re(iuired.     Address  c.  F.  G., 

Car.i  SOfTHERN"  PLANTER- 


Mention    the    Southern    Planter    in         Mention    the    Southern    Planter    in 
writing,  writing. 


I'.Mi:;. 


THE  SOL'THEKX  PLAMKR. 


34^ 


SKIM  MILK  mi  EQUAL  io  NEW  MILK 


I^TERNATIO^•AI.  STOCK   FOOD   CO.  GaRDEM  PLAIN,   ILL. 

Gentlemen:— I  have  used  "Inlernational  Slock  Food"  for  three 
year  sand  can  recommend  it.  1  mixed  it  in  skim  milk  for  calves 
and  they  thrive  as  well  as  when  fed  new  milk.  II  also  prevenla 
acours.  Butchered  one  of  my  calves  at  si.>c  months  that  dressed 
I  would  not  lead  stock  wilhoul  using  "International 
Very  truly,  T.  H.  ADAMS. 


Slock  Food.' 


HOW  ARE  YOUR  CALVES? 


f-yff«  hare  thoosands  of  slmlla 


International  Stock  Food  Co.  Avon.  New  York. 

Dear  Sirs:— I  have  used  "Inlernational  Stock  Food"  quite  ex- 
tensively. It  is  the  best  food  I  have  ever  used  or  knovpn  ol  for 
fattening  cattle  or  milk  cows  or  calves.  I  do  not  hesitate  to 
recommend  it  very  strongly.  Yours  truly, 

CHAS.  C.  RATHBURN,  Veterinary  Surgeon. 

teitinonlali  and  will  pay  yoa  $1000  Cash  (a  prove  that  thtij  are  not  f;«DaU*  and  nosolieited.'^ipi 


i  ONE  CEiNT^ea  Is  Prepared  from  Roots.  Herbs,  Seeds 
fedtofrtockin   tmall  amount 
Illation    so  that  each  animal  ( 
1  Fattening  stock.   •'InteroalionalStoek  Food 


d  Barks 
■  regular  feed, 
from  the  grain 


)  food,  and  it  is  proven  that  the 
ingredients  that  are  just  as  saf 
*  endorsed  by  Every  Higb-Cla 
•  "  ■■•  U  sold  CD  a"! 
e  your  Calves  oi 
NoChemUtc 


otheHu 

g tonic,  Mustard  isc 

ts  promote  health  a 


ular  feed  of  your 


:inal  ing 
di 
i;  their  digestion 


rm  Paper.    It  purifies  the  blood,  stir 
Ca«h   OnaraDtee"  hy   Flttj   Tbnasand  Dealers  ti 
:9    grow   Ama7inKly   and    has  the    largest   sale 
■ate  all  the  Different  pondered  Roots,  Herbs,  Bar 


Dd  Se 


n.  Wo  positively  gua: 
rses,  Cattle.  Sheep,  Goats,  Hogs,  Colls,  Calv 
our  Own  food  at  every  meal.  Saltis  a  etoiuach  tonic  and  Tvorm 
these  medicinal  ingredients  almostwith  every  mouthful  of  yooi 
"InternatloDal  Stock  Food''  contains  puru  vegetable  medicinal 
keep  them  in  the  best  possible  condition.  ^'iDteroaiional  Stock  Food" 
ngtheos  the  entire  svstem  so  that  disease  is  prevented  or  cured.  "InternatioDal 
World.  tS^Your  Monty  will  he  Promptly  Refunded  in  Any  case  of  failure, 
for  keeping  them  healthy.  |^~  Beware  ofihe  many  Cheap  and  Inferior 
hat  ive  use.      Any  One  claiming  to  do  so  31iut  be  aa  Ignoramus  or  FatsiSer 


IMTHRNATIONAL  STOCK   FOOD  CO., 


WHAT    PEOPLE    SAY    ABOUT   THIS    BOOK. 

International  Stock  Food  Co.,  Odessa,  Mo. 

Eait  Claire.  Wis.  Dear  sirs:— Your  "International  Stock  Book"  duly  received. 

Dear  Sirs:— I  received  your  "International  Stock  Book"^nd  and  it  is  the  best  thing  of  its  class  that  I  have  ever  seen.     There  is 

W&B  more  than  pleased  with  it.     It  is  worth  more  than  $10.»to,  a  volume  of  use£ul  articles  in  it  from  start  to  finish. 

me.  Very  truly  yours,         RICHARD  J.  MORRISSEY^  •  RespectluUy.  GEO.  W,  NUIX. 


A  $3000^0  STOOt  BOOH  FREE 


IT  CONTAINS  183  LARGE  ENGRAVINGS  OF  HORSES,  CATTLE,  SHEEP,  POULTRY,  ETC. 


Animals,  and  also  testii 


Book  la  a  Beautiful  Live  Stock  Picture  ^Printed  In  Six  Brilliant  Colon.  Size  of  the  book  is  6k  by  9k  inchei.  It  Post  ns  CSnOO  to  haveoar  Artiitsand  CagTavar* 
'ing*.  This  Book  contains  a  Finely  Illustrated  Teterinary  Department  that  will  Save  you  Handredn  of  Dollars.  It  describes  common  DiEeasea,  and  lells  how  to  treat 
vei  DescriDtioD.  History  and  Illustrations  of  the  Different  Breeds  of  Horses,  Cattle.  Sheep,  Goats,  Hops  and  Poultry.  It  contains  Life  Engraving!  of  many  T«ry  noted 
.    The  EdUorOf  This  Paper  Will  Tell  You  That  You  Ought  To  Have  This  Stock  Book  In  Your  Library  For  Reference. 

^SIO.OO  CASH,  we  will  send  you,  IF  BOOK   IS  NOT  AS  STATED.  •«» 
This  Book  mailed  Free,  Postage  Prepaid.   Write  Us  Today  Oetter  or  postal)  and  Answer  These  2  Questions: 

This  Paper.       3d.— How  Mach  Stock  Have  YouT 


r  300  people  and  ha 


TEST 


INTERNATIONAL  STOCK  FOOD  CO.,  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  I S.  A. 


Food  Factory  In  the  Wotld. 

iPaid  in,  11,000,000. 
l^.iAiO  Feetof  Floor  Space. 


ENTIRELY 
AT  OUR  RISK 


CH.^MPION  HARVESTERS. 
.\re  popular  the  world  around.  The 
tremendous  amount  of  business  being 
done  by  the  Champion  division  of  the 
Inernational  Harvester  Company  ia 
well  known.  There  are  sixty  branch 
houses  locatea  in  the  United  States,  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  demonstration 
and  sale  of  the  Champion  line. 

This  makes  it  possible  for  purchasers 
of  these  machines  to  examine  them  and 
see  them  demonstrated  at  some  point 
near  their  home.  These  branches  are 
in  close  communication  with  all  selling 
agents  throughout  their  territory,  and 
it  is  a  simple  and  easy  matter  for  pur- 
chasers to  secure  repairs  or  special 
parts  without  sending  to  the  home 
plant  for  them. 

This  is  a  special  advantage  during 
the  busy  season,  when  the  breaking  of 
a  part  may  mean  a  great  delay,  if  it  Is 
necessary  to  send  to  Chicago  to  replace 
the  part  that  is  broken. 

Mention  the  Southern  Planter  when 
i;orresponding  with  advertisers. 


HILL  TOP  STOCK  FARM. 

Berkshire  Hogs  and  South- 
Down  Sheep 

A  SfEl'IALTY. 

S.  Brown  Allen,  who  succeeds  H.  A    S. 
Hamilton  &  Co  in  the  ownership  and  man- 
iigement  of  this  celebrated   Stock   Farm,  offers   a   few   Berkshire    Pigs   that  have 
been    bred   without  regard   to  cost,   and   ^,  a  i      i  r^  i 

(ine  and  two  years  old,  that  cannot  be  OOUlndOWn  BUCkS, 
excelled  in  this  country.  We  have  swept  premiums  on  this  stock  over  all  competi- 
tors at  Fairs  in  this  and  adjoining  States  S.  BROWN  ALLEN, 

Staunton,  Virginia, 
(Successor  to  H.  A.  S.  Hamilton  &  Co  ) 


'l;ini\^':::f:l;ii^/^ 


'■  BRED-IN-THE-PVRPLE." 

DUNTREATH     BERKSHIRES. 

EXTBA  CHOICE  lot  of  Young    Pigs  for  sale,  all  eligible  tc.  registry,  and 
now  ready  for  .shipment.     Many  of  these  Pigs  are  sired  by 

BARON     SYLMAR    OF    DUNTREATH. 
NONE  BETTER  IN  AMERICA. 

DUNTREATH   STOCK  FARM,    Box  666,    Richmond,  Mc. 

Refekence:  American  National  Bank  of  Ricbmond. 


n48 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


[May 


Minneapolis,  Minn.,  April  6,  1903. 
Rditor  of  Southern  Planter. 

Richmond,  Va.: 

Dear  Sir, — Owing  to  the  great  rush 
of  business,  we  have  been  compelled 
to  put  on  a  night  crew  and  r\in  our 
factor.v  twenty-four  hours  per  day. 
This  week  we  have  added  ten  more 
typewriters,  and  this  gives  us  a  force 
of  130  people,  and  our  office  is  the 
largest  in  the  entire  Northwest. 

Our  sales  for  1903  have  been  much 
larger  than  for  the  corresponding 
months  of  1902,  and  our  March  sale 
was  the  largest  since  we  have  been  es- 
tablished. We  are  pleased  to  report 
this  condition,  because  it  Is  absolute 
proof  that  "International  Stock  Food" 
and  our  other  goods  have  superior  mer- 
its, and  that  farmers  and  stockmen  ob- 
tain paying  results  from  their  use. 

Intelligent  farmers  will  not  use  any 
preparation  year  after  year  if  they  are 
not  satisfied  that  it  is  not  a  money- 
maker for  them.  Our  largest  trade 
comes  from  States  where  "Interna- 
tional Stock  Food"  has  been  largest  on 
sale. 

Such  tacts  as  we  give  in  this  letter 
prove  conclusively  to  any  fair-minded 
man  that  "International  Stock  Food" 
is  exactly  as  we  renresent  it  to  be.  Our 
object  in  writing  you  this  1  etter  Is 
simply  to  give  you  more  facts  as  to  the 
tremendous  growth  of  our  business. 

With  best  wishes,  we  are, 
Very  truly  yours, 
INTERNATIONAL  STOCK  FOOD  CO. 


THE  VERY    BEST 


KentuicKy' 

Cane  Mills 


FOR  OVER  40  YEARS  '"ve  been  the  recog- 

in  Cane  Mill  construction.  They  are  imiLitcd, 
of  course,  but  they  stand  alone  and  supreme  in 
these  essential  points: 

PERFECTION  OF  IIECIIIKICAL  DETAIL STBENOTII 

IN  EVERY  POINT.— 8AVIN0  iS  REPAIRS.— SiaPLlC- 
ITV.— COVEKED  on  CHANNELS  IN  BOTTOM  PLATE. 
—  PATENT  REVERSIBLE  FEED  OriUE.  —  ENCASED 
VEARIN6S.— DO  MOST  WORK  WPTH  LEAST  POWER. 

th  skilled  workmanship  and  practical  knowledge  of 

le  Mill  and  Evaporator  Catalog,  S-6o. 


lOllSVILlE.  KY. 


SUNNY     HOME     HERD    OF 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS    CATTLE. 

BARON  ROSEBOY  57666  (The  great  Westertown  Rose,  son  of  the 
world-famous  QAY  BLACKBIRD)  In  service. 

The  Sire  Is  half  the  herd.  In  Baron  Roseboy,  is  combined  the  typical  "  dodrty  "  form  with  ft 
pedigree  that  cannot  be  excelled.  He  Is  a  brother  of  the  great  "day  Blackbird"  (sold  at  S3050.> 
who  heads  the  largest  Angus  herd  east  of  the  Mississippi,  is  also  brother  of  ■'  Hector  of  Lakeside  " 
at  the  held  of  the  great  Pope  River  herd  of  Illinois  ;  is  uncle  of  the  "  loth  Laird  of  Estill  "  at  the 
head  of  the  greatest  Angus  herd  in  America. 

On  dam's  side,  Baron  Roseboy  traces  direct  to  the  Imp.  Blackbird  Bull,  "  BASUTO, "  said  to  b* 
the  best  Blaclcblrd  Bull  eyer  imported. 

The  females  in  the  herd  are  "  chips  oCt  the  same  block  ".  Great  bulls,  great  cows,  mean  great 
calves.    Come  and  see  them,  or  write 

A.    L.    FRENCH,    Proprietor,    Fitzgerald,    N.   C. 

Rockingham  Co  ,  24  miles  southwest  of  Danville,  Va.,  on  I).  &  W.  Ky. 


BLACKLEG-INE, 
The  season  is  approaching  when 
Blaclileg  is  liltely  to  brealc  out  among 
your  stock,  and  therefore,  the  question 
arises  as  to  the  liest  way  to  avoid  the 
usual  loss  from  this  troublesome  dis- 
ease. A  vast  number  of  stoclt-raisers 
in  the  blackleg  districts,  can  easily 
answer  this  question  for  themselves, 
and  will  use  the  Pasteur  Vaccine  Co.'s 
remedies,  with  which  they  have  had 
such  a  large  and  favorable  experience 
during  the  last  eight  years.  The  Pas- 
teur Vaccine  Co.'s  vaccines,  and  par- 
ticularly the  form  ready  for  use,  called 
"Blacklegine."  are  by  far  the  best  and 
most  favorably  known.  One  of  the 
most  important  facts  in  regard  to 
"Blacklegine"  is  that  it  has  not  only 
proved  to  be  the  most  effective  prevent- 
ive remedy  for  blackleg,  but  it  is  ready 
for  use  as  supplied;  each  dose  is  sepa 
rate,  it  costs  but  little,  and  the  instru- 
ment for  applying  it.  called  a  Black- 
legine Outfit,  only  costs  50  cents.  The 
Pasteur  Vaccine  Co.  has  offices  in  New 
York.  Chicago,  Fort  Worth,  and  San 
Francisco,  as  well  as  several  general 
agencies,  ant"  a  vast  number  of  local 
agencies,  biiv  if  any  difficulty  is  expe- 
rienced in  obtaining  the  Pasteur  Co.'s 
remedies,  they  can  always  be  ordered 
direct  from  one  of  their  offices. 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  num- 
bers can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Address 
our  Business  Office. 


{U^tm^^JAAf^ 


Products  are  Good 


FOR    SALE 


Choice  Bred  A.  J.  C.  G.  Bull  Calves 

IKrIte  tor  descriptive  circular.  General  Offices,  520  &  524  N.  Calvert  Street,  Baltimore,  Md. 


LARGE   YORKSHIRE    HOGS. 

The    Ideal     Bacon     Breed, 

The     Pork-Packers     Breed, 

The     Most     Prolific     Breed, 

The     Most    Profitable    Breed. 

We  have  four  litters  of  t'^''*  popular  breed,  which  will 
be  ready  for  shipment  in  May.  Bred  from  the  best  im- 
ported stock.     We  have  never  seen  better  pig.s. 

Send  for  circular  and   prices,     Addres.s — 

BOWMONT    FARMS,    Salem,   Virginia. 


1903.  J 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


349 


POINTS  ON  CULTIVATION. 

The  farmer  who  keeps  abreast  of  the 
times — whose  farm  implements  are  up- 
to-date — is  the  successful  one  in  the 
competition  for  greater  production  at 
less  cost. 

In  this  connection  the  farmer's  at- 
tention is  called  to  the  new  book  of 
the  Hallock  Weeder  and  Cultivator 
Company,  of  York,  Pa.,  manufacturers 
of  the  famous  Hallock  quadruple  cul- 
tivator and  weeder — the  most  practi- 
cal and  profitable  machine  ever  invent- 
ed for  both  weeding  and  cultivating 
all  kinds  of  crops. 

In  this  book  is  demonstrated  the  su- 
periority of  the  flat-tooth  cultivators 
over  the  round.  In  words  so  plain 
and  illustrations  so  clear  it  proves  be- 
yond a  doubt  that  the  Hallock  weeder 
and  cultivator  is  the  greatest  labor  and 
money-saving  argicultural  Implement 
Invented  in  recent  years. 

This  very  interesting  and  illustrated 
booklet,  which  the  manufacturers  will 
send  free  to  any  address,  is  chock  full 
of  valuable  information. 


A  REMINDER  OP  HOME. 
Mr.  John  F.  Warwick,  the  American 
traveller  and  writer,  states  in  a  recent 
article  that  he  had  a  severe  attack  of 
nostalgia  or  homesickness  during  his 
recent  trip  over  the  Trans-Siberian 
railway.  He  had  travelled  for  days 
without  seeing  a  familiar  face  or  hear- 
ing a  familiar  tongue,  and  his  spirits 
were  at  a  low  ebb.  The  train  having 
stopped  at  a  small  water-tank  station, 
with  an  unpronounceable  name,  Mr. 
Warwick  stepped  out  of  his  car  to  get 
a  breath  of  fresh  air,  and  in  the  flield 
at  the  side  of  the  track  he  saw  a  sight 
that  at  once  dispelled  his  homesick 
feeling.  It  was  Deering  Grain  Binder, 
painted  in  the  American  national  col- 
orss,  and  at  the  sight  of  this  reminder 
of  home  and  country,  Warwick  was 
himself  again,  and  retained  his  re- 
stored good  spirits  tor  the  balance  of 
the  journey. 


COCKSURE  SCHOOLBOYS. 
Here  are  some  samples  of  what  the 
British  schoolboy  can  do  when  he  tries 
hard: 

"John  Wesley  was  a  great  sea  cap- 
tain. He  beat  the  Dutch  at  Waterloo, 
and  by  degrees  rose  to  be  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington. He  was  buried  near  Nelson. 
in  the  Poets'  corner  at  Westminster 
Abbey." 

Asked  to  name  six  animals  peculiar 
to  the  Arctic  regions,  a  boy  replied. 
"Three  bears  and  three  seals." 

"The  Sublime  Porte  is  a  very  fine 
old  wine." 

"The  possessive  case  is  the  case  when 
somebody  has  got  yours  and  won't  give 
It  to  you." 

"The  plural  of  penny  is  twopence." 

"In  the  sentence,  'I  saw  the  goat 
butt  the  man,'  'butt'  is  a  conjunction, 
because  it  shows  the  connection  be- 
tween the  goat  and  the  man." 

"Mushrooms  always  grow  in  damp 
places,  and  so  they  look  like  umbrel- 
las." 


POINT  or  VILW 


LOOKED  AT 

from  every  point  of  view,  McCormick  mowers 
will  be  found  faultless  in  design,  modern  in  con- 
struction and  thorough  in  equipment,  with  the 
most  practical  features.  These  mowers  are  so 
perfectly  balanced,  so  easily  operated  and  do  such 
smooth  and  even  cutting  that  they  instantly 
become  the  favorite  of  evf.ry  man  who  buys  one. 

The  McCormick  hook, 

"A  MODEL  MACHINE," 

tells  all  about  Model  mowers. 


W.  K.  BACHE,  General  Agent  for 

McCormick  Machines,  Riciimond,  VA. 


ANGORA  GOATS 

550  HEAD  of  Registered  and  high-grade 
Angora  Does  and  Kids  for  Sale. 


Clean  your  land  of  brush  and  filth  and  double  your  money 
Invested.    I  HAVE  DONE  IT.    Come  and  see  for  yourself;  if 

not  satisfied,  I  will  pay  your  R.  R.  fare  and  expenses. 

See  Bulletin  No.  27,  Bureau  Animal  Industry,  Department 
of  Agriculture,  for  information  about  the  Angora. 

M.  M.  SUTHERLAND,  Wytheville,  Va. 


GOOD.  GROWTHY  POLAND-CHINAS  and  BERKSHIRES. 

THE    KIND   THAT   GET    BIG   PIGS w 

6    Weeks    Old    Pigs,    $5.00.  12    Weeks,    $8.00. 

WHtTE  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  EGOS;  $1   per  silting  of  15;  Birds,  $1  each  in  lots  of  3  or  more. 


WRITE   YOUR    WANTS. 


BYRD  BROS.  R.  F.  D.  3,  Salisbury,  N.  C. 


350 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAXTER. 


[May 


GUARANTEED  INCUBATORS. 

An  incubator  is  purchased  for  a  spe- 
cific purpose — for  hatching  chicks.  If 
it  doesn't  do  that,  or  if  it  only  hatches 
a  small  part  of  the  eggs  consigned  to 
it,  it  is  a  failure,  and  its  purchase  is 
a  waste  of  money. 

There  is  a  way  now  of  buying  incu- 
bators on  trial.  The  Hawkeye  Incu- 
bators are  sold  on  thirty  days'  free 
trial,  long  enough  to  go  through  with 
one  complete  hatch  and  enable  the  pur- 
chaser to  be  sure  he  is  getting  what 
he  wants.  The  Hawkeye  Incubators 
and  Brooders  are  all  guaranteed,  as  it 
Is  the  wish  of  their  makers  to  have 
every  customer  satisfied.  They  con- 
sider that  as  their  best  advertisement. 

The  new  Hawkeye  Incubator  cata- 
logue is  full  of  pictures  and  facts,  and 
many  letters  from  all  over  the  Union 
attesting  the  excellent  hatches  these 
machines  have  made. 

If  any  of  our  readers  have  not  as  yet 
received  this  catalogue,  they  can  obtain 
one  by  writing  the  Hawkeye  Incuba- 
tor Co.,  Box  49,  Newton,  Iowa. 


Littleton  Female  College  is  prepar- 
ing for  a  great  commencement  the  last 
week  in  May.  Bishop  A.  Coke  Smith 
will  preach  the  annual  sermon.  Dr. 
C.  F.  Reid,  of  Nashville,  Tenn.,  will  de- 
liver the  missionary  address,  and  Gov- 
ernor Aycock  will  deliver  the  literary 
address. 


CORN  BREEDERS'  ASSOCIATION. 

I  would  be  glad  if  you  would  malie 
note  of  the  following  item  of  news  in 
the  columns  of  your  paper,  so  that 
it  may  pre-empt  the  ground  for  our 
people  and  give  some  publicity  to  the 
or.eanizalion  of  the  association  refer 
red  to: 

As  a  result  of  the  efforts  w^hich  have 
been  put  forth  by  the  Experiment 
Station  for  two  or  three  years,  and 
followed  up  by  the  work  of  the  State 
Department  of  Farmers'  Institutes 
during  the  past  winter  in  holding 
special  Corn  Institutes  in  different 
parts  of  the  State,  which  were  ad- 
dressed by  Professor  Shamel.  of  Illi- 
nois University,  there  was  organized 
recently  in  Frederick  the  Maryland 
State  Corn  Breeders'  Association.  The 
general  objects  and  plan  of  the  organi- 
sation was  modelled  in  the  main  after 
that  of  the  Illinois  Corn  Breeders'  As- 
sociation, with  such  modifications  as 
seemed  necessary  to  meet  the  condi- 
tions prevailing  in  Maryland.  The 
membership  includes  farmers  in  Fred- 
eric!;, Montgomery,  Carroll,  Harford 
and  Prince  George's  counties.  The  fol- 
lowing officers  were  elected:  Colum- 
bus D.  Kemp,  of  Frederick,  president; 
Joseph  T.  Hoopes,  Bynum,  Harford 
county,  vice-president;  Charles  C. 
Waters,  Frederick,  secretary-treasurer. 
These  three  members,  with  W.  L, 
Amoss,  of  Benson,  Harford  county,  and 
G.  A.  T.  SnouBfer,  Adamstown,  Frede- 
rick county,  constitute  the  Board  of 
Directors  of   the   association. 

H.  J.  Patteksox,  Director. 


DRAW  CUT 


J  It  from  behind 
OD  for  th'i  grcdt 

cutting  power  of  i!ie  Champion,  just  as  It  was  the  reason  for  the  ^eat  curtlne  power  ofthe  old  rear 
cut  TiioT/ers.  The  Champion  is  front  cut,  but  It  is  also  draw  cut,  and  combines  the  cutting  power 
and  durability  of  the  old  rear  cut  mowe'-s  with  the  safety  and  convenience  ofthe  modern  fnmtcuta. 
The  Champion  draws  the  finger  bar  entirely —It  does  not  push  It  In  the  least,  and  in  this  important 
particular  la  not  equalled  by  any  other.  The  Champion  has  other  valuable  improvements,  amoni? 
them  a  simple  and  effrctlve  linins:  device  for  the  fiuger  bar,  aud  a  superb  pitinau  having  new 
and  improved  ball  and  socket  connections  both  to  the  kaife  and  to  the  fly  whecL  No  cramping  or 
binding  is  pof^sible  with  the  Champion  pitman,  while  provision  Is  made  for  taking  up  wear  and  loet 
motion,  preventing  pounding  and  breakage.  The  fly  wheel  pin  is  at  all  times  surrounded  by  oil,  which 
cannot  be  thrown  out  and  wasted  by  the  revolution  of  the  fly  wheel,  thus  preventing  heating  and  wear 
at  tills  Imponant  and  iieretofore  troublesome  point  on  a  mower.  Write  for  catalog  '.escribing  thl^  won- 
derful modern  mower,  al«o  tTlniiipirtn  hay  rakes  ami  biuders.  Hands  i.ne  calendar  free  If  requested- 
0HA.\imON  DIVISION.  INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  COMPANY  OF  AiMERlCA.  CHICAGO. 


BERKSHIRES. 


Imported  Sir  John  Bull,  No.  3609— B.  H.  B. 
Imporled  Dansfield  Roland,  No.  60528-B.  H.  B. 
Imported  Columbia.  No.  60527— B,  H.  B. 
Imported  Royal  Carlisle,  No.  4841— B.  H.  B. 

And  that  Iinmeu.sely  Princely  Hog 
Uncle  Sam,  No.  7233  are  the  sires  of  my  Spring  and  Summer  offerings  of 
pigs.    Does  thi,s  list  of  Royalty  suit  your  fancy?    They  represent  the  most  famous 
Berkshire  breeders  of  England.     Fancy  stock,  moderate  price 

Hunting   Dogs  '^"J  P"ps  f'"' s:ile.    Setter  pups,  S5. 00  each. 
Short  Horn   (Durham  Cattle)  for  sale.     Write  for  particulars. 

THOS.  S.  WHITE,  Fassifern  Stock  Farm,  Lexington,  Va. 


We  positively  guarantee  to  breed 
and  ship  the  \>.KY  BK>T  strains  of 
thoroughbred  registered  LARGE 
ENGLISH     BERKSHIRE 

HogsforLESSMt)^KY  tlian  any  other 
firm  in  the  U.  S,,  the  superiority  of  our 
stock  considered  Send  us  your  order 
and  we  will  .satisfy  you  both  in  price 
and  stock.  Walter  b.  Fleming, 

Proprietor  of  the  Bridle  Creek  Stock  Fan 


Warrenton.  N.  C. 


Chloro-Naphthoieum  Dip 


A  money-maker  for  ttie  live  stocli  owner,  because  U  kills  Lice,  and  cures  Mange,  Itcb, 
Scabs.  Contagrous  Abortion  and  other  diseases  that  pull  down  tbe  health  and  cause  live 
stock  losses.    It  saves  money  and  makes  money  for  the  it'  e  stock  owner. 

A  page  of  this  paper  couldn't  tell  tbe  whole  story.     Better  send  for  our  free  booklet,  and 
tell  us  if  you  want  it  for  'altle.  Uo?s.  Sheep    I'oultry  or   Horses. 
Agents  wanted.  THE  WEST  DISINPfcCTINQ  CO.,  Inc.    30  East  SOth  St..  New  York. 


When  corresponding  with  our  advertisers  always  mention  the 
Bouthem  Planter. 


1903.]  THE  SOUTHERI^^  PLANTER.  351 


,@0PW  Sme  I^m  30 

AT  COOPERSBURG,  PJkm 


A  PLEASED  BUYER  IS  THE  BEST  ADVERTISE/HENT. 

The  imported  Jersey  Cattle  sold  at  our  May,  1  '.I02,  Auction  Sale  have  given  universal  satis-  r 
faction.  My  most  sanguine  expectations  have  b^en  more  than  realized.  How  could  it  be  othei--  \ 
wise?     Individually,  they  were  strictly  FIIlST-C^LxVSS. 

BEST  OF  ALL,  they  were  bred  on  both  dam  and  sire's  side  from  animals  that  have  made 
the  Island  cattle  so  famous — the  blood  that  wins  at  the  churn  and  in  the  show-ring. 

(Jatalogues  ready  for  distribution  April  20th.  Owing  to  great  cost  publishing  same,  they  will 
only  be  sent  on  application.     Address 

T.  S.  COOPER,  '"Linden  Grove,"  Coopersburg,  Pa. 

P.  S. — Would  respectfully  request  parties  who  are  in  want  of  an  extra  fine  bull  calf,  or  a  few 
fine  heifer  calves,  that  they  send  for  a  catalogue,  which  will  give  them  full  particulars,  and  if.  they 
are  not  able  to  attend  the  sale  in  person,  that  they  send  in  their  bids,  and  they  will  receive  the  same 
attention  as  if  the  buyer  was  a  bidder  himself.  It  is  with  pride  that  we  refer  to  parties  that  have 
entriisted  such  orders  to  us.  This  will  be  a  rare  chance  to  get  calves  out  of  the  very  best  cows  the 
Island  can  furnish,  and  sired  by  prize  winning  bulls,  and  they  will  not  cost  you  more  than  others 
that  have  no  breeding. — T.  S.  C. 

\  BILTMORE  FARMS,  =  Biltmore,  N.  C.    \ 

\  Headquarters  for  GOLDEN  LAD  JERSEYS,  \ 

I  Also  Get  of  TREVARTH  and  GEN.  MARIGOLD.     ^   .jt  ^  * 

\  ]  k 

GOLDEN   LAD'S  SUCCESSOR.    First  and  sweepstakes  over  all   at  the  Pan-American  Exposition,  the  fc 

^  champion  JERSEY  BULL  OF  AMERICA,  and  out  of  Golden  Ora,  our  great  prize-winning  cow,  both  ^ 

t^  born  and  developed  on  these  Farms,  is  among  our  service  bulls.  fe 

Kj  Biltmore  Jerseys  are  a  combination  of  large  and  persistent  milking  qualities  with  an  individuality  k 

%  that  wins  in  the  show  ring.  fc 

•^        SPECIALTY.      Write  for  descriptive  circular  of  the  best  lot  of  young  bull  calves  ever  offered,   both  for  V; 

*,  breeding  and  individuality.    They  are  by  noted  sires  and  out  of  large  and  tested  selected  dams.     Many  ^ 

^  of  these  calves  are  fit  to  show  and  win  in  any  company.  Id 

'*>  J-  J-  BILTMORE  POULTRY  YARDS.  j.  J^  it 

\  ~  ^ 

SPECIALTY.     Write  for  descriptive  circular  of  eggs  from  our  prize-winning  pens.     Over  50  yards  to  select  ^ 

_  from,  made  up  of  the  winners  at  the  leading  shows  for  the  last  two  seasons.     If  you  want  winners  you  !^ 

_  must  breed  from  winners.  , 

\ 

^  Headquarters  for  the  best  IMPORTED  ENGLISH  BERKSHIRES.  \ 

, — fc 

APPLV  TO  BILTMORE    FARMS,  biltmore,  n.  c.         J 


352 


THE  SOUTHERX  TLAXTEK. 


[Maj 


MAGAZINES. 
Leading  in  interest,  as  well  as  or- 
der, in  the  May  Century  is  Arthur 
Schneider's  story  of  his  sixteen 
monlhs's  close  connection  with  the 
Sultan  of  Morocco.  The  American  ar- 
tist was  the  instructor  and  daily  com- 
panion of  the  Sultan  from  November, 
1900,  to  March,  1902.  an  intimacy  never 
before  permitted  between  an  eastern 
despot  and  an  American  citizen.  Mr. 
Schneider  tells  in  the  May  number, 
following  an  introduction  by  Talcott 
Williams,  of  his  arrival  and  reception 
in  Morocco,  his  first  meeting  with,  and 
impressions  of.  the  Sultan,  and  the 
often  laughable  experiences  with  his 
odd  pupil.  There  are  plenty  of  illus- 
trations, some  of  them  being  reproduc- 
tions of  the  royal  student's  work. 

Henry  Loomis  Nelson,  one  of  the 
best  equipped  critics  of  public  affairs 
in  the  United  Stales,  tells  in  the  May 
Century  of  "The  Hampered  Executive." 
Mr.  Nelson's  article  on  "The  Over- 
shadowing Senate"  in  the  February 
Century  called  forth  widespread  com- 
met,  editors  and  public  men  declaring 
it  suggestive,  interesting  and  "a  most 
trenchant  arraignment  of  the  growing 
despotism  of  the  so-called  'upper 
chamber'  of  Congress."  "It  is  difficult 
for  the  ordinary  citizen  to  under- 
stand," writes  Mr.  Nelson  of  this  im- 
portant phase  of  our  national  life, 
"why  the  President  cannot  accomplish 
any  desire  or  effect  any  purpose  which 
he  may  feel  or  upon  which  he  may  de- 
termine." And  from  this  text  Mr.  Nel- 
son goes  on  to  explain  and  define  the 
probabilities  and  limitations  of  the 
American  presidency. 

Ray  Stannard  Baker's  Great  North- 
west series  this  month  takes  up  "The 
Conquest  of  the  Forest"  in  what  one 
critic  calls  his  'crisp  and  picturesque 
way."  The  story  of  tlie  Great  North- 
west forest,  a  Continent  long.  200  mites 
wide,  is  as  thrilling  and  fascinating 
as  any  tale  of  adventure,  and  Mr. 
Baker  has  been  able  to  transfuse  into 
a  magazine  article  something  of  the 
spirit  of  the  iiiigbty  woods.  Other 
features  of  more  than  ordinary  worth 
are:  William  T.  Arnold's  memories 
of  his  father,  the  younger  Thomas  Ar- 
nold, father  also  of  Mrs.  Humphrey 
Ward:  the  second  installment  of  Her- 
man Klein's  modern  musical  celebri- 
ties, giving  this  month  delightfully 
intimate  glimpses  of  Adelina  Patti;  a 
discussion  by  Professor  Edward  L. 
Thorndike  of  Teachers'  College.  Co- 
lumbia University,  New  York,  of  "The 
Careers  of  Scholarly  Men  in  America  "; 
Alice  Katharine  Fallows's  "Athletics 
for  College  Girls";  Mrs.  Fields's  esti- 
mate of  Mnie.  Blanc,  Th.  Bentzon;  a 
description,  generously  illustrated 
from  Copley  prints,  of  Sargent's  "Re- 
demption" in  the  Boston  Public  Li- 
brary; another  chapter  of  Lillie  Ham- 
ilton French's  "My  Old  Maid's  Cor- 
ner"; descriptions  and  pictures  by 
Charles  R.  and  Annis  Hardcastlc 
Knight  of  the  Tasmanian  wolf,  and  an 
account    of   of   five    hundred    farmers' 


A  Positive  Certainty. 


WE  ask  you  to  take  nothing  for  granted.  We  say  that  we 
can  supply  the  Spring  Suit  or  Top-Coat  with  as  much 
satisfaction  to  you  as  any  custom  tailor  in  this  country. 
But  there  are  none  of  the  risks  of  trying  a  new  tailor.  Here  are 
ours— ready  for  you  to  put  on.  You  put  them  on— see  exactly 
how  they  fit.  how  they  look  on  YOU;  that  the  pattern  is  becoming. 
The  making  and  the  details  you  investigate  on  the  spot.  The  good 
opinion  of  first  impression  we  guarantee  will  last  as  long  as  the 
suit  or  coat  does. 

It's  no  longer  a  matter  of  compulsion  to  go  to  the  tailor. 
There's  equal  satisfaction  right,  here,  with  economy  of  time  and 
cost  on  our  side. 

But  the  Gans-Rady  perfection  mustn't  be  accepted  as  a  pre- 
cedent for  all  ready-for-wear  clothing.  There's  as  much  differ- 
ence in  that  as  there  is  in  custom  tailors. 


Qans-]^ady  Company. 

lOOS  Mala  St    (Opposite  P.  O.)  Rlcbwond,   Va. 


-5'  ^ 

4* 


We  Have  Some  EXTRA  CHOICE 


Berkshire  Boar  Pigsf 

READY  FOR  SHIPMENT,  AND  OTHERS 
SOON  TO  BE  READY. 

THEY  ARE  FINE,  AND  FROM  PROLIFIC  SOWS 
7,  9  AND  13  TO  LITTER. 


X  FOREST  HOHE  FARM, 


Purcellville,  Va. 


:^-44:,fHH^'f4'fc°^''^'^'H^'f^^ 


HOLSTEINS  THAT  PAY. 

Purchasers  are  ottered  selections  from  our  herd,  both  male  and  female; 
our  cows  are  of  the  leading  strain,  including  De  Kols,  Pauline  Pauls 
Mechthildes,  Henpervelds,  Netherlands.  Apgies,  etc  etc.  They  are  aU 
well  l)red  and  milking  from  -10  to  6.i  lbs.  per  day.  Herd  headed  by  Ury 
ALWINA  Count  Paul  De  Kol  and  De  Kol  '29  Butter  Boy  3rd  No.  2. 
THOS.  FASSITT  4.  SONS,         Ury  Stock  Farm,        Syfmar,  Md. 


THE 
OAKS" 


5HORTHORN5 


FOR 
SALE 

•>    Reg    Bull  Calves;  2  Reg.  Cows;  1  three-year-old  Reg.  Bull  (immune)  raiset 
■iouth  of'  Petersburg,  Va.     All  right  in  every  particular. 

B.  B.  BUCHANAN,  Bedford  City.  "Va. 


When   corresponding   with   our    advertisers  always   mention  the 
Southern    Planter. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHE  KX  PLANTER. 


353 


successful     economic    experiments     in 
Iowa. 

Of  the  fiction  of  the  May  Century 
perhaps  most  readers  will  turn  first  to 
Sara  Jeanette  Duncan's  long  short 
story,  "The  Pool  in  the  Desert.'"  The 
chapters  of  "The  Yellow  "Van"  continue 
in  interest,  and  the  Pa  Gladden  story 
of  the  month  tells  of  "The  Drought." 
Eden  Phillpott's  "Joseph"  is  quaintly 
humorous.  

The  dedication  of  the  St.  Louis 
world's  fair  is  the  occasion  of  a  hril- 
liant  series  of  articles  in  the  May  Re- 
view of  Reviews  on  the  Louisiana  Pur- 
chase and  its  results,  the  e.xposition 
in  forecast  and  the  city  of  St.  Louis. 
The  same  number  has  an  outline  of  the 
plans  formed  for  the  municipal  expo- 
sition to  be  held  at  Dresden  this  sum- 
mer, and  the  noteworthy  features  of 
several  other  European  fairs  and  con- 
gresses are  summarized  in  an  article 
on  the  great  gatherings  of  the  summer 
and  autumn  at  home  and  abroad.  The 
character  sUetch  of  the  month  is  by 
Mr.  W.  T.  Stead,  his  subject  being  the 
Right  Hon.  George  Wyndham,  whose 
name  has  been  immortalized  by  its 
.connection  with  the  Irish  land  bill  in- 
troduced last  month  in  the  British  Par- 
liament. An  illustrated  article  by  Mr 
F.  N.  Stacy  describes  the  great  ships 
for  the  Pacific  trade  being  built  at  New 
London,  Conn.,  for  Mr.  James  J.  Hill. 
There  are  several  pages  of  illustrated 
notes  on  the  spring  fiction  and  other 
new  books,  and  "The  Progress  of  the 
World,"  "Cartoon  Comments"  and 
other  editorial  departments  are  mark- 
ed by  a  distinctive  freshness  and  time- 
liness. 


The  May  St.  Xicholas  begins  the  se- 
cond half  of  Volume  XXX.  of  that 
popular  magazine  for  children  of  all 
ages,  and  seems  an  especially  rich 
number.  Every  lad  will  turn  first 
of  all  to  the  record  of  G.  W.  Orton's 
articles  on  "Training  for  Interscholas- 
tic  Athletics,"  Mr.  Orton,  who  is  the 
2-mile  world's  steeplechase  champion, 
as  well  as  a  doctor  of  philosophy. 
treats  his  subject  from  the  viewpoint 
of  both  the  school-boy  and  the  trainer. 
He  tells  young  athletes  this  month 
about  the  broad  jump,  the  high  jump, 
the  pole  vault,  the  hammer  throw,  how 
to  train  for  these  events  and  how  to 
secure  good  all-around  results.  Re- 
productions of  notably  animated  pho- 
tographs add  life  and  interest  to  the 
sketch. 

J.  M.  Gleeson,  who  stands  at  the 
head  of  animal  painters  of  the  day, 
contributes  to  the  May  St,  Nicholas  for 
frontispiece  "The  Game-Keeper's 
Daughter"  and  a  sketch  under  the 
same  title.  Alice  Gertrude  Field's 
"Remorse  Two-Step"  is  pronounced  by 
every  reader  a  "rattling  good  story." 
Hannibal,  the  lion  presented  to  the 
New  York  Zoologicol  Park  by  Mr.  An- 
drew Carnegie,  has  been  interviewed; 
and  the  interview,  together  with  a 
full-page  likeness  of  Hannibal,  is  a 
feature  of  the  number.     The  story  of 


A  WASHING  MACHINE  is  as  great  a  necessity  in  the  house  as  a  wringer 

THE  MAJESTIC  ROTARY  WASHER 

has  too  many  good  points  for  explanation  in  an  ad- 
vertisement. Your  name  on  a  postal  card  will  bring 
our  booklet,  with  full  particulars  of  our  six  diii'erent 
machines  and  how  to  get  them.  One  of  them  will 
certainlv  please  you.  AH  are  made  with  electrically 
welded  wire  lioops  sunk  in  grooves— our  patent  l^emg 
tlielar>;est  manufacturer.^  of  wooilenwarem  the  world, 
we  can  make  better  machines  for  tlie  money  than  any 
one  else.  If  you  want  a  machine  that  washes,  buy 
one  of  ours. 

THE  RICHMOND  CEDAR  WORKS,  Richmond,  Va. 


VIROINIA   DIVISION. 

Farmers  Mutual  Benefit  Association 

A  Fire  Insurance  Association,  chartered  by  the  State  of  Virginia,  for 
farmers,  under  an  amended  and  well  protected  plan. 

Insures  in  counties  surrounding  and  accessible  to  Richmond,  against  Fire  and 
Lightning,  only  country  property— no  stores  or  unsafe  risks.  Policy-holders  amply 
secured— all  legitimate" losses  paid.  Average  cost  per  year  less  than  other  plans, 
and  a  great  saving  to  farmers.  Amount  of  property  now  insured,  §330,000,  and  in- 
creasing vearlv.     Estimated  security  in  real  and  other  estate,  $7nO,000. 

For  further  information,  address,  CHAS.  N.  FRIEND,  General  Agent. 

MENTION  THIS  JOURNAL.  CHBSTtR,     VIROISIA- 


ASSET''.    $9>>O.000' 

Virginia  Fire  and   Marine 

Insurance  Company,  of  Richmond,  Va. 

Insures    Against    Fire    and    Lightning. 

ALL     DESCRIITIONa    OF    PROPERTY    IM   COLMTKY   .*NLi  TOWV,    PR[V.\TE  OR    PUBLIC 
IKSURED    AT    FAIR    RATE^,    O.N'    ACCOMMODATING    TERMS. 

AGENCIES     IN     EVERY    TOWN     AND    COUNTY. 


WM.   H.  PALMER,   President. 


W.   H.   M'CARTHY,  Secretary. 


354 


THE  SOUTHEKX  PLAISTTER. 


[May 


"Dick,  the  Sea  Gull,"  is  a  true  one 
vouched  for  by  Captain  Edward  Fo 
garty,  of  Brenlon's  Reef  Lightship. 

As  is  fitting  in  a  May  number,  seve 
ral  articles  deal  interestingly  with 
outdoor  topics.  Aside  from  G.  W. 
Orton's  valuable  sketch.  Allan  Leigh 
tells  of  some  "Strange  Nest-Builders." 
John  Russell  Coryell  relates  the  expe 
riences  of  "The  Artist,  the  Sparrow 
and  the  Boy,"  and  Nature  and  Science 
has  valuable  information  on  myste- 
rious spring  sounds,  herring  ways 
homes  under  the  bark,  woodchucks, 
meadow  lark  and  other  interesting 
topics. 


Lippincott's  Magazine  keeps  up  its 
i-eputation  for  publishing  a  strong, 
bright  novel  each  month  by  presenting 
in  the  May  number  one  of  even  more 
than  usual  interest  by  George  Gibbs 
This  is  called  "The  Love  of  Monsieur," 
and,  as  the  title  implies,  it  ia  Frenchy, 
with  a  hero  who  is  "a  damon  for  suc- 
cess with  petticoats."  Ilis  last  love  is 
a  fetching  conception,  well  worth  the 
quarrels  she  provokes.  With  Mr. 
Gibbs's  grace  in  writing  and  an  extra- 
ordinarily fine  plot  there  is  left  noth- 
ing to  be  desired  in  this  very  fasci- 
nating tale. 

Among  the  short  stories  there  is  one 
by  Seumas  MacManus,  called  "Caitlin 
Dhu."  The  fight  between  Irish  rivals 
Is  described  in  a  way  which  stirs 
sporting  blood. 

Readers  have  come  to  look  with 
eagerness  for  Ella  Middleton  Tybout's 
darky  parable  sketches.  "Ananias  of 
Poketown"  will  not  disappoint  those 
■who  seek  amusement,  and  Miss  Tybout 
has  a  gift  for  writing  dialect  which 
makes  it  as  easy  to  read  as  rolling  off 
a  log." 

"The  Sorrow  of  a  Setter,"  by  Cy 
Warmau,  is  a  pathetic  tale  of  a  hunt- 
ing (log's  old  age,  vividly  set  forth. 

Clifford  Howard's  lively  little  story 
called  "The  Winning  of  Margaret  Mer- 
■?in,"  tells  cleevrly  how  two  men  waste 
time  trying  to  settle  which  one  shall 
have  the  first  chance  with  the  girl 
they  both  love.  Meanwhile,  the  girl 
settles  it  for  herself,  by  marrying  the 
"dark    horse,"   so   to    speak. 

The  name  Montgomery  B.  Corse  is 
not  a  familiar  one,  therefore,  his  ad- 
mirable story  called  "How  Putz  Lost 
His  Job."  will  attract  attention,  both 
for  the  way  it  is  done  and  because  of 
its  timeliness  to  the  labor  question. 


THE    ANNUAL    MEETING    OF    THE 
AMERICAN    GUERNSEY    CAT- 
TLE   CLUB. 
The  annual   meeting  of  the   Ameri- 
can Guernsey  Cattle  Club  will  be  held 
at  the  F'ifth  Avenue  Hotel,  New  York, 
on  May  UUh,  at  10;  30  A.  M.     The  year 
just   clcsing   is   the   twenty-fifth   since 
the  establishment  of  the   register  and 
organization  of  the  club,  and  has  been 
a    very    successful    one    for   Guernsey 
Interests. 

William  H.   Caldwell,  Secretary, 
Peterboro,  N.  H. 


(egisteieil  PEBEFOP  CIIITLE. 

Service  Bulls ;  Imported  Salisbury  76059     (19083).     Lars  Jr.  85297. 

FOR  SALE — A  choice  lot  of  bull  calves  and  yearling  buUs    The  bull  calves  sold  recently 
weighed  60U  lbs.  at  6  inos   old.     Call  and  make  your  own  selection      Prices  right. 

MURRAY  BOOCOCK,  Owners,  Keswick,  Va. 


-l"i"i"!"l"I"i"l-H"l-l"I"I  M  't  I  I  1  \-V  M-V 

x3::e!ise::e^o:es3D  c^^^-ttil-ie: 

Annefield  Nerd  Richly  bred  in  "  Anxiety  "  Blood  and  Headed 
by  the  Sweepstatces  Winner  at  Kansas  City  1901, 

PRINCE  RUPERT  No.  79539. 

FEE.  $25.00  FOR  THE  SEASON  OF  1903. 

Correspondence  Solicited.  Inspection  Invited. 

ANNEFIELD    FARMS,  -  Briggs,  Clarke  Co.,  Va. 

..;..:..I.,;..;-;-;-^.K-:":"l":"I-:-:-r-r-!-!-!-l  1  !■'  ''11  lMl-l-I-|..|..|-l..t-l..H..tM|..t.t"T..l..M-t. 


Bacon   Hall   Farm. 

Hereford  REGiSTEREDGattle 

"TOP"  BREEDING.  CALVES  NOT  AKIN. 
MOTTO— Satisfaction  or  no  sale. 


E.  M.  QILLET  &  SON, 


Qlencoe,  flaryland. 


NOW  OFFERS  \y  FOR  SALE 

-Calves,  entitled  to  re^lalratioa,  875  to  $100 


•  HROP8HIRE  SHEEP.— Burks,  one  year  old  »n(i  over,  $15  to 
810  to  812.    Ewe  Lambs,  July  delivery,  $«  and  tlO. 


Grade  Calves  by  "Sir  Ed- 
Buck  Lambs,  July  delivery, 
Pigs,  two  or  three  montbs  old.  (7.50.     Pigs, 


M.  BRONZE  TURKEYS.— Toms.lt.    Hens.  $3.    Eggs,  per  sitting  of  12,  vrben  In  season,  $4. 

MUSOOVY  DUCKS.— Pure  White  Drakes,  $1.26.    Pure  White  Ducks,  $l.    Pairs,  $2.25.    Trios,  8S. 

BARRED  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS, 

ROUBNGEES  E .— Qanders,  $2.60.    Qease,  $2.60.    Eggs,  per  sitting,  $3. 

WILLIAM  L  ,  Jr.,  No.  21058,  balfbrotber  of  Axtell,  will  serve  a  limited  number  of  mares  for  S25 
tbe  season.    Hares  boarded  at  lowest  figures  per  month. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


355 


\^-!^^.l\:sd\^X7M:j^{X7Sl;^^t^^.[X:^ 


CONCENTRATED    TOBACCO    POWDER, 

Sheep  Dip  and  Cattle  Wash. 


A  SURE  CURE  FOR  THE  EXTERMINATION  OF 

SCAB  AND  TICK  IN  SHEEP.  LICE  ON  HORSES  AND  CATTLE. 

tlT)     LICE  ON  HOGS.  MANGE  ON  DOGS. 


Kills  all  vermin.     Allays  all  irritation.     Promotes  growth  of  wool.     Makes  animal  feel  well  and  take  on  flesh. 1 1 
ABSOLUTELY    NON-POISONOUS. 
PRICES:     5=lb.  bag,  75c.;    10-lb.  bag,  $1.25;   25=lb.  bag,  $2  60  :  SO-lb.  bag,  $5.00. 

One  50-lb.  bag  makes  500  gallons  Dip  for  scab,  and  1,000  gallons  for  Tick,  etc. 

BO    SOLE     MANUFACTURERS, 

LAIDLAW,  MACKILL  &  CO.,  Limited,  Richmond,  Va.,  U.  S.  A. 

To    BK    IIAi:>    AT    ALL    LEADING    DkUC    StORES. 


I  ID  P  E  B 1 1 L  mniyiiioiiTii!  F  fl  B  Pl 

Is  now  booking  orders  for  Eggs  from  the  best  strains  and  careful  matings  of 

Barred,  Buff  and  White  Plymouth  Rocks, 
Silver=Laced  and  White  Wyandottes, 
S.  C.  B.  Leghorns  and  Mammoth  Pekin  Ducks, 
AT  $1.00    PER   SITTING. 
EGGS    FROM    BLACK    DEVIL    PIT   GAMES. 

Never  known  to  run.     The  grittiest  of  all  games.      $2.00    PER    SITTING. 

We  give  15  Chicken  and  13  Duck  Eggs  lor  sitting.      Order    at  once. 
Write  name  and  address  plainly.     Remember  the  express  is  no  more  on  2  or  3  sittings  than  on  i. 
Refer  to  Augusta  National  Bank  and  former  patrons.    Satisfaction  guaranteed  or  money  refunded 

P.  H.  HEYDENREICH,    -    Staunton,  Va. 


356 


THE  SOUTHE I J  X   T  LAN  TER. 


[May 


REPORTS. 


U. 


S.  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Washington,  D.  C.  Bureau  of 
Chemistry.  Bulletin  7.  A  Study 
of  Cider  Making  in  Prance,  Ger- 
many and  England. 

Office  of  Experiment  Stations.  Ex- 
periment Station  Record.  Vol. 
XIV..  No.  VIII. 

Office  of  Experiment  Stations. 
Bulletin  125.  A  Digest  of  Recent 
Experiments  on  Horse  Feeding. 

Division  of  Statistics.  Bulletin  24. 
Relations  of  Population  and  Food 
Products  in  United  States. 

Farmers'  Bulletin,  No.  165.  Silk 
worm  Culture. 

Farmers'  Bulletin,  No.  166.  Cheese 
Making  on  the  Farm. 

Division  of  Foreign  Markets.  Cir- 
cular 25.  Our  Foreign  Trade  in 
Agricultural  Products,  1903. 

Bureau  of  Forestry.  President 
Roosevelt  on  Forestry  and  Fores- 
ters. 
Alabama  Experiment  Station,  Auburn, 
Ala.  Bulletin  122.  Grazing  and 
Feeding  Experiments  with  Pigs. 

Bulletin  124.  The  Horticultural 
Law.  Notes  on  Some  of  the  In- 
sects and  Fungous  Diseases  Affect- 
ing Horticultural  Crops. 
Colorado  Experiment  Station,  Fort 
Collins,  Col.  Bulletin  77.  Inves- 
tigation of  the  Great  Plains.  Un- 
irrigated  Lands  of  Eastern  Colo- 
rado. 

Bulletin  78.  The  Tomato  Industry 
of   the   Arkansas   Valley. 

Bulletin  79.  Treatment  of  Stinking 
Smut  in  Wheat. 

Bulletin  80.  Laying  Down  of  Peach 
Trees. 

Bulletin   81.     Onion  Growing. 

Press  Bulletin.  The  Prairie-Dog  as 
a  Range  Pest. 

Press  Bulletin.  Trials  of  Maccaroni 
Wheat  by   Dry  Farming,   1902. 

Press  Bulletin.  Crops  for  Unirri- 
gated  Lands. 
Hatch  Experiment  Station,  Amherst, 
Mass.  Bulletin  87.  Cucumbers 
Under  Glass. 
Illinois  Experiment  Station,  Urbana, 
111.  Bulletin  83.  Feeds  Supple- 
mentary to  Corn  for  Fattening 
Steers. 

Bulletin   84.     Dairy   Conditions  and 
Suggestions    for    Their     Improve- 
ment. 
Kansas    State    Board    of    Agriculture, 
Topeka,  Kan.     Report  of  the  State 
Board     of     Agriculture,     Quarter 
Ending    March,    1903.      Railroads 
and   Agriculture. 
Maryland  Experiment  Station,  College 
Park.  Md.     Bulletin  87.     The  Peri- 
odical Cicada,  or  17- Year  Locust. 
Maryland    Bureau   of  Statistics,   Balti- 
more,  Md.     Eleventh   Annual   Re- 
port, 1902. 
jWinnesota     Experiment     Station,     St. 
Anthony  Park,  Minn.     Bulletin  78. 
Experiments  in  Sheep  husbandry. 

Bulletin  79.  Investigation  in  Milk 
Production. 

Bulletin   80.     Alfalfa— Its  Chemical 


MRS.  LEA'S  lYIILK  AND   BUTTER   PURIFIER. 

Removes  all  Weed,  Oarllc,  Vegetable  and  Animal  Odor  and  Taint 
from  the  milk  and   in   no  vk-ay  injures  the  cow  to  which  it  Is  fed. 

Washington,   D.   C. 
Tlio    f.rial    of   your   "Purifier"    made   at   my 
rrquest  interests  me  very  much  and  streugth- 
ens  my  conviction  that  this  "Purifier"  Is  an 
article  which,   if  it  continues  to  produce  the 
results  attained   the   present  season.    Is   des- 
tined   to    be    of   great   importance    and    value 
ill    niiiny   dairying    districts   of   this    country. 
KENRY     E.    ALVORD, 
Chief    of    Dairy    Division, 
U.  S.   Department  of  Agriculture. 

Horseshoe,    Rapidan,    Va. 

Gentlemen.— 1   tiihc  pie.Tsun-  in   giving  unsolicited   testimony  to  the  complete  efficiency 

your   -Puriner."     I   have  given   it  the  severebt  possible  test  on  my  dairy  herd  of  fifty 

ws,   in   pastures  so  infested  with  garlic   that  hitherto  I  have  had  to  keep  them  shut  up 

a  dry  lot  until  June.     This  spring  I  have  grazed  them  on   garlic  day  and  night,   with 

I  long  food,   and  the   milk   is  absolutelv   free  Inim  any   foreign   flavor.     At   the    Episco- 

1    High   School,   near  Alexandria,  Va.,   the  results  have  been   equally  satisfactory  under 

milar  circumstances.     I,   therefore,   recommend  it  without  any  qualification. 

Yours  truly, 

JOSEPH    WILMER. 

M'f'd  by  VIRGINIA  CATTLE  FOOD  COMPANY,  Danville,  Virginia. 

Write  us  for  prices  and  furtlier  information. 


Reg.  HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN 

CATTLE  of  the  Netherland,  De  Kol,  Clothilde,  Pietertje 

and  Artis  families.     Heavy  milkers  aud  rich  in  butter 

fat.     Stock  of  all  ages  for  sale. 

Ree.     BHRKSHIRES     ^''°™   noted   strains.   Imported     Headlight,   Lord 
^*  Higbclere  and  Sunrise. 

DORSET  SHEEP== 

B.  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  CHICKENS, 


N.  &  W.  and  Southern  R.  R. 


T.  O.  SANDY,  Burkevllle,  Va. 


xxxxxxxxxxxxx  xxxxxxxxxxxxx 
X  x 

K  CiSMONT  DORSETS  S 


CISMONT    STOCK    FARM  oflers  weU  developed  young 
Dor.sets  of  the  best  blood  of  Eughmd  and  America. 


Prices   Reasonable. 


G.  S.  LINDENKOHL,  Keswick,  Albemarle  Co.,  Va. 


XXXXXXXXXXXXX  XXXXXXXXXXXX5 


30  YEARS  SELLING  DIRECT 


We  are  the  largest  manufacturers  of  vebici 
and    harness  In  the  world   selling 
sumers  exclusively, 
W£  HAV£  NO  AGENTS 

butshlpBoywhorefor 
examioatioQ,  puaran* 
teeing  fisfo  delivery. 
You  are  out  nothing 
if  not  sfttisBcd.  Wo 
inakol<l5styleiof  Te> 
&Qd  6&  stylet  of 


EXEHART  OAHRIAOE 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERxN  PLAXTEK. 


i57 


Development,  Feeding  Value  and 
Digestibility.  Digestibility  of  Hog 
Millet. 

Nebraska  Experiment  Station,  Lin- 
coln, Neb.  Bulletin  79.  Experi- 
ments in  Orchard  Culture. 

New   Hampshire    Experiment    Station, 
Durham,  N.  H.     Bulletin  96.  Four- 
teenth Annual  Report. 
Bulletin    99.      A    Selected    List    of 
Vegetables   for  the  Garden. 

Ohio  Experiment  Station,  Wooster,  O. 
Bulletin    138.      Experiments    with 
Oats. 
Press   Bulletin.     The  Lime   Sulphur 
Salt  Wash  for  San  Jose    Scale. 

Virginia  State  Horticultural  Society, 
Walter  Whateley.  Secretary,  Cro- 
zet,  Va.  Report  for  the  Year  1902. 
This  is  a  valuable  report,  and 
ought  to  be  in  the  hands  of  every 
orchardist   in   the  State. 

Virginia  Department  of  Agriculture, 
Richmond,  Va.  Bulletin,  April, 
1902.     Analyses   of   Fertilizers. 

Virginia    (Hampton  Institute),   Hamp- 
ton,  Va.     Nature   Study.     Leaflet. 
A  Child's  Garden. 
How    to    Make    Friends     with     the 
Birds. 

Virginia  Weather  Service  .Richmond, 
Va.     Report  for  March,  1903. 

Wisconsin   Experiment   Station,   Madi- 
son, Wis.     Nineteenth  Annual  Re- 
port for  Year  Ending  June,  1902. 
Bulletin    97.     Licensed    Commercial 

Feeding   Stuffs. 
Bulletin   38.     On   the   Prevention   of 

Oat  Stout  and   Potato  Scab. 
Bulletin    99.     Concentrated    Feeding 
Stuffs  and  Fertilizers  Licensed  for 
Sale  in  Wisconsin,  1903. 

Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture 
for  the  West  Indies,  Barbados,  W, 
I.     Agricultural  News. 

CATALOGUES. 
Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute,  1902- 
1903.  The  present  condition  and  out- 
look at  the  Virginia  Polytechnic  In- 
stitute and  the  necessity  for  the  ap- 
propriations asked  for  building  and 
equipment,  and  for  increase  of  an- 
nuity. 


Bird  Lawn  Stock  Farm  for  the  care 
of  horses.    M.  S.  Bird,  Anacostia,  D.  C. 


Laidlaw's  Concentrated  Tobacco 
Powder  Sheep  Dip.  Absolutely  non- 
poisonous.  Laidlaw  MacKlll  Company 
(Limited),  Richmond,  Va. 


White    Minorcas.     F.    S.    BuUington, 
Richmond,  Va. 


The  Hallock  Quadruple  Cultivator 
and  Weeder.  The  Hallock  Weeder  and 
Cultivator  Company,  York,  Pa. 


The  Studebaker  Sprinkling  Wagons. 
Studebaker  Brothers  Manufacturing 
Company.  South  Bend,  Ind. 


The  International  Stock  Food  Com- 
pany, Minneapolis,  Minn.  Owners  of 
the  great  pacing  stallion,  Roy  Wilkes, 
206Vj.     Race  history  of  Roy  Wilkes. 


ARMOUR'S  BLOOD  MEALrc'.^r 

First  proved  by  the  Kansas  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  and  sinco 

corroborated  by  thousands  of  leading  stockmen  who  bave  used  it  without 

a  single   failure.      Equally  effective   for   the   diarrhea  of  all  animals. 

PREVENTS  weak  bones,  paralysis  of  the  bind  legs  and  "thumps" 

ia  pigs;  "big  head"  of  foals;    "rickets"  of  all   young   animals; 

abortion  due  to  incomplete  nutrition,  and  a  host  of  other  troubles. 

A  Potent  Food  for  Work  Horses,  Dairy  Cows,  Poultry. 

Write  us  for  booklet  giving  valuable  Information  about  Blood  Meal  and  our 
other  feeding  products.  Consult  us  free  of  charge  regarding  stock  diseases. 

THE  ARMOUR  FERTILIZER  WORKS, 
Chicago.        Omaha.        Baltimore.         Atlanta.        Jacksonville. 


te 


III 


EGGS  FOR  HATCHING 

From  Fowls  of  High  Merit,  Fresh,  and  a  Good  Hatch 
Guaranteed  of  the  following;  varieties  ; — 

PLYMOUTH     ROCKS,     BROWN     LEGHORNS,    WHITE 

LEGHORNSand  PEKIN  DUCKS  at  $1.00  persitting  of  15 

BRONZE  TURKEY  EGGS,  $3.00  per  dozen. 

.Tersey  and  Guernsey  Cattle  and  Berkshire  Pifis.     Four  handsome 
Great  Danes  ami  three  Fox  Terrii-r  Puppies. 

M.  B.  ROWE  &  CO., 


"I 


_    I 

m 


yi/f  ^^tCiy^^vr^  ^\v/  vi//  ^0  x^f  yi*  8>i«  \-^e  \-^-  ^f  ( 


r-i 


Fredericksburg,   Va. 


EASTERN     SHORE     POULTRY     FARM. 

S.  C.  White,  Brown  and  Buff  Leghorns. 

THE  EGG  MACHIMES  OF  POULTHYDOM. 

The  record   at  such  shows  a,  Washington,   D.   C,   Philadelpnia  and  New  York 

proves  the  quality  of  my  stock  is  second  to  none.     I  alwav.s  breed  my  winners. 

Correspondence  cheerfully  answered. 

A.   C.   VAN   DEMAN,  LEanORN  specialist,  PARKSLEY,  VA. 


INCUBATORS  ON  30  DAYS'  TRIAL.       THE  WORLD'S  BEST  STANDARD  HATCHER. 

Thousands  of  ihese  Incubators  are  in  successful 
operation  in  the  United  States,  Canada,  South 
Africa,  New  Zealand,  Sweden,  England.  Holland, 
and  Germany  These  machines  operate  to  perfec- 
tion and  always  bring  off  a  large  brood  of  strong, 
healtbv  chicks.  Catalogue  with  full  particulars 
siting.    Thk  Staniiard  F.  C.  Incubator  Co.,  Dept.  n,  Rochester.  N. 


SLUG  SHOT 


Kills  Insects  on  flelons,  Potatoes, 
Cabbage  and  Flowers. 

SOLD  BY  SEEDSMEN  EVERYWHERE. 

Used  22  Yeara. 
Send  for  Free  Booklet  on  Bugs  and  Blights  to 
B.    HAMMOND,    FISHKILL-ON.HUDSON,   NEW  YORK. 


iot 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEK. 


[May 


PROMINENT  AGRICULTURISTS  TO 
ADDRESS  THE  EAST  TENNES- 
SEE FARMERS'  COKVEN-  j 
TION. 
Satisfactory  progress  is  beijig  made 
in  the  preparation  of  tlie  programme 
for  the  East  Tennessee  Farmers'  Con- 
vention, to  be  held  in  Knoxville,  May 
21st  to  23cl,  inclusive.  Among  those 
who  have  agreed  to  be  present  and  de 
liver  addresses  are  Governor  James 
B.  Frazier  on  "The  Greatest  Need  of 
Tennessee";  Professor  Thomas  Shaw, 
Professor  of  Animal  Husbandry,  Uni- 
versity of  Minnesota,  on  "Grazing  vs. 
Stall  Feeding"  and  the  'Practical 
Judging  of  Beef  Cattle";  Professor  \V. 
P.  Massey,  editor  the  Practical  Farmer, 
on  "The  Cow  Pea  for  Soil  Restoration" 
and  "The  Development  of  Truck 
Farming":  Hon.  W.  W.  Ogilvie,  Com- 
missioner of  Agriculture,  on  "What 
the  State  is  Doing  for  the  Farmer"; 
Professor  W.  J.  Spillman,  Agrostolo- 
gist.  United  States  Department  of  Ag- 
riculture, on  "Forage  Crops  for  the 
South";  Professor  M.  O.  Eldridge, 
United  States  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture, on  "The  Construction  of  Good 
Roads";  Professor  S.  A.  Mynders, 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction, 
on   "The  Rural   Schools." 

In  addition  to  the  abve  several  mem- 
bers of  the  Tennessee  Experiment  Sta- 
tion staff  will  deliver  addresses  cover- 
ing specific  experiments  now  in  pro- 
gress at  the  station  and  of  general  in- 
terest to  all  the  people  of  the  Middle 
South.  More  than  fifty  of  the  most 
progressive  farmers  of  Tennessee  will 
read  papers  or  lead  in  discussions. 
Those  attending  can  be  reasonably 
certain  of  hearing  every  one  of  the 
gentlemen  mentioned,  because  they 
have  all  signified  their  intention  of  be- 
ing present.  The  Farmere'  Conven- 
tion stands  for  education,  for  opportu- 
nity and  for  progress  in  southern  agri- 
culture. Do  not  forget  the  dates,  nor 
the  fact  that  the  railroads  give  a 
single  fare  to  the  meeting.  If  your 
name  is  not  on  the  mailing  list,  liindly 
send  it  to  the  secretary  at  Knoxville, 
and  he  will  gladly  furnish  you  with 
a  copy  of  the  programme,  which  will 
shortly  be  issued. 


5 


MOLES. 

About  ten  years  ago  I  had  a  beauti- 
ful lawn,  and  it  was  literally  cut  up 
by  moles.  1  offered  $50  to  any  man 
who  would  make  a  trap  that  would 
catch  them.  Not  getting  any  relief. 
I  had  a  blacksmith  make  a  small 
grub-hoe,  or  mattock.  I  would  look 
over  my  lawn  and  see  where  their 
work  was  freshest,  and  then  watch 
for  them  again.  After  waiting  a  short 
time  I  would  see  the  earth  rising  up 
in  a  ridge  ,when  I  would  take  my 
grub-hoe  and  get  immediately  in  front 
of  the  mole  with  my  face  toward  him 
and  my  hoe  raised,  and  the  instant 
he  would  bunch  up  the  ground  I  would 
strike  about  four  inches  behind  him 
and  four  or  five  Inches  deep,  bear 
down,  then  pull  toward  me,  and  pull 


FRUITS  and 
VEGETABLES 

ARE  LARGELY  INCREASED 
IN  YIELD,  AND  GREATLY 
IMPROVED  BY  THE  USE  OF 

SPRAY  PUMPS. 


^  Write  for  new  catalogues  and  price-lists. 

y^       Our  pumps  are  user!  by  the  Virginia  and  Nortb 
r  Carolina  Agrlculmral  Departments. 


SYDNOR  PUMP  AND  WELL  CO.,  Inc., 

Box  946,  RICHMOND,  VIRGINIA. 

GASOLINE    ENGINES,    WIND    MILLS,    RAMS, 

TANKS.  WATER  SUPPLY  CONTRACTORS. 

ARTESIAN  WELL  DRILLERS, 


■Ji  Jt  v^t  Ji.jlt.j^ji  :<  .J^  ..<  J*-^  J*,.5t.*tj«jt,>t,.S»,.?t^'t,^,^^^^j(^J«jJ^^jt,^,^jt 


RUMSEY=WILUA/nS    COMPANY 


GASOLINE  ENQ1^ES  and 
GRAIN  THRESHERS. 

ST.  JOHNSVILLE.  NEW  YORK. 


ENGINES  AND  SEPARATORS 

The  Farquhur  threahing  mftchintTyis  the  perfecle<l  product  of  tlie  pioncor  nianufnctu 
Grain  ScpurutorM  auilThreiihliiK  Eiifflnes.  U'm  tl.u  most  durnhle  and  clK-:i|iesl  thresh- 
ing ouiiit  »  r:irmi  r  i.-aii  buy.      The  Celtrbrated  Ajax  Tlirc^lilne  Knelnen,  made  in 

sizi'i  rnini  i  ii,  y.  un.  tijive  8i;atfl,foot  brukes,  ami  \        '    '  "       

R-\U'\y  .■i|i;iii,iii.-r.     Forquhur  Separators  ha' 
x-.x-o-  ..f  !■:,[, Mjiv,  tlioroughiiess  of  ficpumtioD,  simpUc 
diir;ihiiii  1       \.\rT\  i>art  thoroughly  tesU'd.      Made  in 
1  for  frpecatftlocuc  of  Engiues, 


injector 


A.  B.  Farquhar  Co.,  Ltd. 
York,  Pa. 


Whereto  Sell  Your  yyQQ|_ 


WE  ARE  THE  LEADING  DEALERS  IN  THE  WCOL  TRADE  IN  VIRGINIA. 

HIGIIKST  MAKKKT  PRICK  PAID,  and  no  Commission,  Freiglit,&c. 
clmr-ed  SACKS  FURNISHED  FREE.  Cliecks  remitted  promptly. 
Coriespond  witli  u.s  wlien  ready  to  sell 

THE  WALLERSTEIN  PRODUCE  CO.,  19&21  So.  lathSt.,  RICHHOND,  Va. 

Rkkk.rencks  :  American  National  Bank  and  Richmond  merchants  generally. 


When    corresponding   with   our  advertisers  always  mention  the 
Southern  Planter. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERiV  PLANTEE. 


359 


Big  Bargains  in  Farm  Supplies 


First  Class  Material,  Merchandise  anil  Machinery  at  Sacrifice  Prices. 


Supplies 

;  PorccTain  Bowl.  Har< 


Room 

_ J.  Hardwood  Seat  i 

■  Tank.  Nickel  Plated  flush  ■ndaupply 
pipes.  ^  -        * 


^acb  $10.00. 
Cast  Iron  Bath  Tubi. 

f-d^  Complete  witb 
***^  full  set  nickel 
plated  fittings,  each 
Sll.OO.  Thevarenew 
goods,  ask  for  frcecata- 
logucof  our  fulllioeof  plumbing 


Steel  Roofing 

Strictly  new.  perfect,  Semi- 
Hardened  Steel  Sheets,'  i  feet 
wide.6  fe«t  long.  The  beitRtwf- 
Inir,  SldlnfT  or  Celling  you  can 

use.  We  furnish  nails  tree  aod 
paint  roofing  red  two  sides. 
Comeseither  flat,  corrugated  or 
"Vcrimprd.  Delivered  frccof  all 
all  points  inU.S.  east  of  t' 

:".^  $2.25  PER  SI 

Prices  to  other  points  on  appllcatloo. 
square  means  loo  square  feeL 


Barbed  and  Smooth 

WWtre    pomt  Barbed  Wire,  pauite. 

galvanized,  Jilso,  65,000  pounds 


also  handle  other  kinds. 


Netting]'""'!"?'^. 


Telephones   at  I 

y^ZMmVtf  antecd  to  be  vn  per- 


froughi  Iron  ripe 


fectorder  before 
re  able  to  ol 
;  for  $5.00   that   would 

full  stock    of    supplies. 


'"  c  couplings  at  following  prices 


with  threads  and 


fe^  for 


Phone  Catalfi! 


Cold  Water  or  Ready  Mixed  Paints 

Paints  Tt^Bu'^"^^', 

Water Paintsand  KeadyMiieii  Paints.  Equal 


tityofC 


pla. 

prices.    You  can  sui 

sacrificing  quality. 


:  money,  without 


FarinForgesSu^OO 

"''  bought  several  car  loads  of  new  Portable 


ksinith  tools  of  all  kinds. 
}  doz.  single  bitted  axes 


■3  Diets  Lanterns. 


iasoline  Engines  70 


Headquarters  for 
■■»ery 

hinery  sup- 


Pumps,  Sugar  Machinery, 

r^hi 


funding  il^ateriat 

\  LUMBER,  SASH,  DOORS. ETC 

"etestockof  firs' 
laterial  of  ell 
your  bill  for 

lib  CARLOADS  OF  NEW  DOORS 

]  AT  j(f , 00  eacA 

HARDWARE  SUPPLIES 
'rite  for  our  catalogue  of  build- 
I  hardware.    The  per  cent  of 


sap  FOR  CAIjniVG^^  166 

CHICAGO  HOUSE  WRECKING  CO. 


WEST  35TH    AND  IRON   STREETS, 

CHICAGO. 


out  a  mole  every  time.    I  never  missed 
one   during  the   summer. 

Moles  have  good  ears,  and  when  you 
start  with  your  hoe,  go  on  tiptoe,  or 
you  may  have  to  wait  an  hour  or  two 
for  them  to  begin  work  again.  I  would 
generally  push  down  with  my  foot 
the  ground  where  they  worked  last 
for  ten  or  twelve  feet,  and  then  watch 
that,  for  they  always  go  in  the  same 
runaway,  and  will  bunch  it  up  again. 
That  will  be  a  guide  for  you.  Be  sure 
that  you  are  square  in  front  of  them 
■when  you  strike.       C.   G.   Johnson. 


SOIL  FOR  PLANTS  IN  POTS. 
One  of  the  ever-recurring  suestions 
that  novices  in  floriculture  ask  is 
about  potting  soil.  In  his  "Home 
Floriculture"  Mr.  Rexford  gives  the 
following  as  the  best  general  purpose 
soil  he  has  ever  used:  One  part  of 
ordinary  gaiden  loam;  one  part  of 
turfy  matter  scraped. from  the  lower 
part  of  sods,  containing  all  the  fine 
grass  roots  possible  to  secure  with  it; 
one  part  of  well-rotted  manure  and 
sand,  half  and  half.  If  leaf  mold  can 
be  obtained  it  can  be  used  instead  of 
the  turf  scrapings.  We  hear  a  great 
deal  about  its  superiority  over  the 
other  light  and  spongy  soils,  but  there 
Is  really  but  very  little  difference  be- 
tween It  and  turfy  soil,  since  both  are 
composed  largely  of  vegetable  matter. 
In  one  case  the  leaves  decay  and  fur- 
nish food  for  plant  growth,  and  in  the 
other  the  grass  roots  rot  and  supply 
nutriment.  Leaf  mold  gives  more  Im- 
mediate effects,  because  it  is  already 
decayed,  while  turf  soil  must  have 
time  in  which  to  decay  before  It  is 
fully  available. 


The  DeLOACH  t^Z 


Mills     are     Sure       Winners' 

Eight  sizes,  from  Farmers'4  h.p.  up  to  liOu  li.p 
If  Interested,  write  for  large  illustrated  catalogue  of  DeLoach  Patent  Saw  Mills  to  suit  any 
power  from  4  to  21)"  h.p;  Shingle  Mills,  Planers,  Edgers.  Irimmers,  Stave  and  Lath  Mills,  Bolt- 
ers, Corn  and  Ruhr  Mills,  Water  Wheels,  etc.      To  introduie  our  New  Farmers' Saw  Mill,  fitted 
with  DeLoach  Patent  Variable  Friction  Feed,  we  make  this  special  offer: 

We  will  deliver  on  cars  at  factory  our 
No.  0  Pony  Farmers'  Saw  Mill  with  Duplex 
Dogs,  Imiiroved  H'ad  Blmks.and  Katch- 
et  Set  Works,  cttmplete  fts  shown  in  cut, 
except  it  hao  Carriage  ruarte  in  two  4  foot 
secMons  with  Rope  Dri-e  instead  of  Rack 
and  Pinion  without  Saw  or  Belt,  for 
$115.00  Spot  Cash! 
Wiih  36"  Solid   S.aw,  S127,.'i0;  40",  S1S2,50 

41",  8140,00;    48",  8150.00. 
With  36"rn«erted  -"aw  8147  50:  40",S152.60; 

44",  8160,00;   4b",  8170  00. 
Best  Rubber  Belling,  4-ply,  6",  20  cents 
per  foot ;  8",  30  cents  per  foot,  net. 
No  discount  from  these  prices. 

Our  Warranty  :  This  mill  is  warranted  to  be  made  in  a  workman-'lke  maTiner,  of  first  class 
material  throughout,  end  to  give  perfect  Batlsfaction  if  operated  according  to  our  printed  in- 
structions, which  are  so  simple  thai  a  boy  can  understand  them  Any  one  with  ordinary  intelli- 
gence can  set  and  operate  without  the  assistance  of  an  experienced  sawver  ;  will  easily  cut  2  000 
to  2, ,500  feet  of  first  class  board  lumber  pej  day  with  only  4  h  p, ;  3,000  feet  with  6  h.  p. ;  4,000  teet 
with  8  h,  p. ;  is  adapted  to  any  kind  or  size  power  up  to  15  h,  p. 

DeLOACH  MILL  MANUFACTURING  CO..  Box  600  Atlanta,  Georgia,  U.  S.  A. 

The  DeLoach  is  the  only  mill  made  that  is  shipped  to  all  parts  of  the  world.    Over  10,000  In  use 


HEEBNER'S  TJr,?::^^  HORSE  POWER 

and  Little  Giant  Thresher  and  Cleaner 


U««  CatterB,  Wood  Sa< 


iI^hhoThoo,]  eqnallj  irell.  Cbd  bo  rua  bj  atekm,  nsulloe,  or  4aT  ott 

"en'on'tbo"  ofkrt'MouS  or  m^mnui'"  arS^.  w'il."i 
iifndfor  PR£ECnt.ji(»,ui.       HEEB\ER  &  S0,\8.  No.  25  I 


RESULTS     OF     COMPULSORY     AT- 
TENDANCE. 
Statistics  of  juvenile  crime  in  New 
York,  furnished  by  the  records  of  the 


police  department,  show  that  the  num- 
ber of  offences  committed  by  persons 
between  the  ages  of  8  and  14  decreased 
more  than  50  per  cent,  after  the  pas- 
sage of  the  compulsory  eijucation  act. 


360 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAXTEK. 


[May 


The  second  annual  exhibition  of  the 
Kentucky  State  Fair  will  be  held  at 
Owensboro,  September  21st  to  26th.  in- 
clusive. Twenty  thousand  dollars  is 
offered  in  premiums,  apportioned  as 
follows: 

BEEF  CATTLE. 

Shorthorns   J2,000 

Herefords   1,200 

Aberdeen    Angus    1,000 

Polled   Durhams    650 

Other  bieeds 500 

D.^IRY  CATTLE. 

Jerseys 1,000 

Horses      (including      five      $200 

sweepstake    prizes    for    saddle 

and  roadster  horses ) 4.500 

Horses 4,500 

(Including  five  $200  sweepstake 
prizes  for  saddle  and  roadster  horses). 

Mules  and   jack   stock 800 

Swine   (five   breeds) 1,200 

Sheep    (ten   breeds) 1,300 

Poultry  aud  Belgian  hares 1.000 

Farm  products,  horticulture  and 

miscellaneous  departments   . . .  4,000 

The  Kentucky  State  Fair,  although 
in  its  infancy,  is  recognized  as  the 
leading  Institution  of  the  kind  in  the 
South,  and  destined  to  be  one  of  the 
greatest  in  the  country. 

The  initial  meeting  at  Louisville 
last  year  was  a  great  success. 

The  fair  of  1903.  with  a  considerable 
increase  in  premiums  and  improved  I 
classification,  should  exceed  in  atten- 
dance and  exhibits  the  fair  of  1902. 

For  further  information  in  regard  | 
to  the  fair  write  L.  S.  Shropshire,  Sec- 1 
retary.  Louisville.  Ky.  | 

LIVE  STOCK  AT  THE  LOUISIANA 
WORLD'S  FAIR. 

An  allotment  of  something  over  30 
acres  of  ground  for  the  live  stock 
shows  at  the  World's  Fair  at  St.  Louis 
next  year  has  been  asked  of  the  man- 
agement by  Chief  F.  D.  Coburn,  who 
has   charge   of   that   department. 

This  site  contemplates  the  erection 
of  forty-seven  buildings.  Thirty-nine 
of  these  are  planned  for  stock  barns 
with  2.400  open  stalls  5x10  feet  and 
400  box  stalls  10x10  feet.  The  2.800 
stalls  will  accommodate  as  a  minimum 
that  number  of  cattle  or  horses,  and 
later,  simultaneously  a  like  number  of 
both  swine  and  sheep.  Four  octagonal 
dairy  bams  will  provide  140  open 
Btalls  aud  twentyeight  box  stalls. 

The  site  desired  for  the  live  stock 
exhibits  is  a  continuation  of  "Agricul- 
ture Hill,"  immediately  south  of  the 
Agriculture  and  Horticulture  build- 
ings, aud  would  make  possible  the 
grouping  all  the  larger  exhibits  in 
which  farmers  and  stockmen  will  be 
most  interested.  The  live  stock  area 
extends  south  to  the  grounds  limits, 
where  it  faces  one  of  the  main  en- 
trances. 


CHOICE   OF   WEAPONS. 

Judge:  You  threw  a  bottle  of  whis- 
key at  the  plaintiff's  head." 

Defendant:  I  always  use  spiritual 
weapons. — J/ay    Lippincott's. 


Your  money  back 

U  you  are  not  satisfied 

DO  YOU  ST7PPOSE  that  s  company  with  a  capital  ot  tSOO.OOO.oa  paid  In  fvill,  and  tbe 
proud  reputation  of  36  years  of  continuous  success,  would  make  such  an  olter  and  not  cany 
ft  out  to  the  letter? 

DO  YOU  SUPPOSE  we  would  jeopardize  our  standingr  with  the  public  and  our  chancea 
Of  still  erta'ter  success  by  failing  to  fulfil  any  promise  we  make  ? 

DO  YOU  SUPPOSE  we  would  make  such  an  ofler  If  we  did  not  have  the  utmost  confi- 
dence in  the  satisfying  quality  of  our  goods  ?  •  

WE  KNOW  we  can  please  you  and  save  you  money,  for  HAYNER  WHISKEY  roes 
direct  from  our  distillery  to  you.  with  all  its  orit'inal  richness  and  flavor,  carrying  a  UNITED 
STATES  REGISTERED  DISTILLERS  GUARANTEE  of  PURITY  and  AGE  and  saving 
you  the  big  profits  of  the  dealers.  That's  why  it's  best  for  medicinal  purposes.  That's  why 
It's  preferred  for  other  uses.  That's  why  we  are  resularly  supplying  over  a  quarter  of  a 
milliOD  satisfied  customers.    That's  why  YOU  should  try  it. 

Direct  from  our  distillery  to  YOU 

Savss  Dealers'  Profits  I   Prevents  Adulteration !  ^""^ 

HAYNER  WHISKEY 

PURE  SEVEN-YEAR.OLD  RYE 

4     FULL    $0:20  EXPRESS 
QUARTS  O      PREPAID 

We  will  send  you  FOUR  FUI,t.  QUARTS  of  HAYNEB'S  SEVEN-YEAR- 
OLD  RYE  for  t3.ao,  and  we  will  pay  the  express  charges.  When  you  receive 
the  whiskey,  try  It  and  If  you  don't  find  it  all  right  and  as  good  as  vou  ever 
drank  or  can  buy  from  any  body  else  at  any  price,  then  send  It  back  at  our 
expense  and  your  13.20  will  be  returned  to  you  by  next  mall.  How  could 
an  offer  be  fairer?  We  take  all  the  risk  and  stand  all  the  expense.  If 
the  goods  do  not  please  you.  Won't  you  let  us  send  you  a  trial  order?  We 
Ship  in  a  plain  sealed  case;  no  marks  to  show  what's  inside. 

Orders  for  Ariz.,  Cal.,  CoL,  Idaho,  Mont.  Nev..  N.  Mei..  Ore..  Utah.  Wash, 
or  Wvo.,  must  be  on  the  basis  of  4  Quarts  for  S4,00  by  Express 
Prepaid  or  SO  Quarts  for  SL6.00  by  Freisbt  Prepaid. 

Write  OUT  nearest  office  and  do  it  NOW. 

THE  HAYNER  DISTILLING  COMPANY 

ATLANTAi  6A.  DAYTON,  OHIO  ST.  LOUIS,  MO.  ST.  PAUL.  MINN. 

1S6  DISTILLSBT,  TBOY:  O.  ESTABUSKED  1866. 


CMARTBREO   1870. 


Merchants     National     Bank 


OF  mCHMOND,    VA. 

Deslgnnied  Depository  of  ihe  United  States.  City  of 

Richmond  and  Commonwealth  of  Virginia. 

Being  the  Largest  Depository  for  BanVt  between  Baltimore 

and  New  Orleans,  this  Bank  oflers  superior  racllliies  for 

direct  and  quick  eoilectlons. 


Capital  Stock, 
Surplus  and  Profits, 


$200,000.00 
$628,000.00 


JNO.  P.BRANCH, 

President. 


JNO.  K.  B1AXCH. 

Vice-President. 


JOHNF.GiESN, 

Cashier. 


Directors.— John  P.  Branch.  B.  B.  Mnnford,  Chas.  S.  Stringfellow,  Thos.  B.  Scott,  B.  W.  Bransh, 
Fred  W.  Scott.  Jas  H.  Dooley,  Jno  K.  Branch,  A.  S.  Buford.  Andrew  Plzztni,  Jr.,  J.  P.  Oaorge, 
Alex.  Hamilton,  Sam'IT.  Morgan. 


When   corresponding   with   our  advertisers   always   mention  the 
Southern  Planter. 


I'.tOS.J 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


361 


^     ^    THE  WONDER  OF  THE  20  CENTURY.    ^^ 

THE    ACME    CHURN. 

MILK  /ERATOR  and  CREAM  SEPARATOR. 

Guaranteed  to  make  butter  from  sweet  or  sour  cream  in  from  three  to  ten 
minutes.  The  uianufacturers  ofterSlOO  toany  one  whocan  beat  this  machine 
on  time,  quality  and  quantity  on  any  given  amount  of  swec^  or  sour  cream. 
Made  of  the  very  best  materials  and  is  guaranteed. 

The  number  of  inquiries  received  from  our  iirst  Ad.,  on  page  299,  April 
Planter,  shows  the  great  Interest  taken  in  this  new  invention  by  the  butter 
makers  of  this  and  adjoining  States.  It  is  a  new  machine,  patented  and 
fully  protected  :  and  the  greatest  labor  saver  of  its  kind  on  the  market.  It 
has  but  recently  been  offered  to  the  public,  and  by  merit  alone  is  making  a 
name  and  place  for  itself  in  enterprising  and  progressive  homes,  where  it 
lightens  and  lessens  the  labor  of  those  who  need  it  most. 

The  cut  is  the  Single  Standard,  in  3  and  6  gal.  sizes.  In  the  Double  Stand" 
ard,  the  iron  frame  is  on  both  sides  and  across  the  top,  is  heavier  and 
stronger,  with  an  extra  wheel  at  the  handle  for  either  hand  or  light  power. 
In  ti  and  10  gal.  sizes.    You  can  rely  upon  what  is  said  about  this  machine. 

Make  a  note  of  this  and  continue  to  watch  .Southern  Pl.^nter. 
Address         THE  ACME  CHURN,  Lock  Box  311,  Richmond,  Virginia. 


Our  readers  will  notice  the  appear- 
ance in  this  issue  of  the  advertisement 
of  the  Studebaker  Brothers  Manufac- 
turing Company,  of  South  Bend,  lud. 
This  great  concern,  we  believe  the 
largest  of  its  kind  in  the  world,  is  so 
well  known  as  to  require  no  introduc- 
tion. Studebaker  general  repositories 
for  the  proper  and  convenient  distribu- 
tion of  their  products  are  found  in 
most  large  cities,  while  there  is  scarce- 
ly a  hamlet  in  the  country  where  the 
local  Studebaker  dealer  is  not  found. 
There  is  nothing  questionable  about 
the  character  of  Studebaker  goods. 
The  wagons  and  vehicles  of  every 
character,  and  harness  for  all  pur- 
poses are  standard  everywhere.  Who- 
ever is  willing  to  pay  a  fair  price  for 
assured  high  quality  is  not  disap- 
pointed in  Studebaker's.  We  unre- 
servedly commend  the  advertisement 
to  the  favorable  attention  of  our  sub- 
scribers. 


Readers  of  this  paper  may  not  be 
familiar  with  the  Red  Ripper  Hay 
Fress  advertised  in  this  issue  by  the 
Sikes  Manufacturing  Company,  Hele- 
na, Ga.  The  advertisement  deserves 
attention  The  Red  Ripper  claims 
strong  features  where  hay  balers  have 
found  weakness  in  other  makes.  To 
instance,  the  removal  of  practically  all 
draft,  when  the  horse  is  crossing  the 
connecting  beam,  in  a  full  circle  press, 
IS  a  big  item.  The  statement  that 
through  its  clever  mechanism  the 
draft  at  all  times  is  so  light  that  it 
can  be  operated  by  one  horse,  where 
other  presses  require  two,  well  de- 
serves consideration.  We  believe,  too, 
there  Is  some  reduction  from  prices 
heretofore  prevailing.  The  manufac- 
turers maintain  distributing  houses  at 
Baltimore.  Meruphis  and  Cincinnati. 
See  advertisement  for  home  office  ad- 
dress  before   writing   for   catalogue. 


A  neat  Binder  tor  your  back  num- 
hers  can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Address 
our  Business  Office. 


^    THE    > 


SEABOARD 

AIR  LINE  RAILWAY 


OFFERS 

PROFITABLE 

INVESTMENTS 

T0-- 


THE  MANUFACTURER, 
THE  STOCK  RAISER, 
THE  DAIRYMAN, 
THE  FRUIT  GROWER, 
-m^  THE  TRUCKER. 


WHERE    YOUR     LABOR     IS     NOT     IN    VAIN. 

Would  a  country  where  work  can  be  carried  on  the  entire  j'ear  and  where 
large  profits  can  be  realized  interest  you? 

The  SEABOARD  Air  Line  Railway  traverses  six  Southern  States  and  a 
region  of  this  character.  One  two  cent  stamp  will  bring  handsome  illustrated 
literature  descriptive  of  the  .section. 

J,  B,  WHITE,  EDW.  W.  COST,  CHARLES  B.  RYAN, 

Gen.  Industrial  Agt.,  Portsmouth,  Va.  Traffic  Mgr.       Gen.  Pass.  Agt.,  Portsmouth,  Va. 


WHISKEY 

4  full  quarts  Corn  Whiskey  10   years  old,  J3.50 

4 6       "         ■'       2,50 

4    "        "  "  "  PrlTate  Stock, 

20  years  old,  for  invalids  and  other 

loved  ones 6  00 

Or  will  ship  the  12  qts.  named  above  for  Sll.OO 
Plain  packages  Express  paid.  Purest 
and  Best  Whiskey,  and  Oldest  House 
in  America.  Established  1768—136  years 
ago.  Just,  as  Corn  bread  is  more  whole- 
some and  palatable  than  Rye  bread- 
So  with  the  Whiskey— so  say  all  Doctors 
— try  it  and  beconvlnced.  Nothing  on 
earth  so  beneficial  to  weak  lungs  as  this 
mountain  beverage. 

THE  OLD  NICK  WILLIAHS  CO., 
Locl<  Box  No.  II.  Williams,  N.  C. 


Mention  the  Southern  Planter  when 
corresponding  with  advertisers. 


The  RICHMOND,  FREDERICKSBURG 

and  POTOMAC  R.  R. 
and  WASHINGTON  SOUTHERN  R'Y 

Form  the  Link  connecting  the 

Atlantic  Coast   Line  R.  R., 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  R.  R., 
Chesapeake  and  Ohio  R'y, 
Pennsylvania  R.  R., 
Seaboard  Air  Line  R'y 
and  Southern  R'y. 

Between  all  points,  via  Richmond,  Va. 

Fast  Mail,  Passenger  and  Express  Route  be- 
tween Rirhmood.  Fredericksburg,  Alexan- 
dria, "Washington,  Baltimore,  Philadelphia, 
New  York,  Boston,  Pittsburg,  Buffalo  and  All 
Points  North,  East  and  West. 

I     W.  P.  TAYLOR,  Traffic  Manager,  Richmond,  Va. 


362 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAXTEK. 


[May 


The  following  lift  of  papers  and  periodicals 
are  the  most  popular  ones  In  this  section. 
"We  can  SAVE  YOU  MONEY  on  whatever 
Journal  you  wish. 


DAILIES. 

Price.    With 
Alone.  Planter. 

Times-Dispatch,  Rlcbmond,  Va J5  00  $5  00 

The  Popt,  Washington,  D.  C C  00    6  00 

The  Sun,  Baltimore,  Md 00       40 

News-Leader,  Richmond,  Va 3  00    3  00 

TRI-WEEKLY. 

The  World  (thrlce-a-week),  N.  Y....  1  00    1  25 

WEEKLIES. 

Harper's  Weekly    4  00    4  00 

Harper's  Bazaar  1  00    1  40 

Montgomery  Advertiser  100    100 

Nashville   American   50       75 

The   Baltimore  Sun  1  00    1  35 

Breeder's  Gazette  2  00    175 

Hoard  s  Dairyman  1  00    1  36 

Country  Gentleman  150    175 

Times- Dispatch.  Richmond,  Va 1  00    1  15 

Religious  Herald,  Richmond,  Va 2  00    2  26 

Central  I'resbyterlan,    "  "     2  00    2  50 

Christian   Advocate,       "  "     1  60    1  75 

Turf,  Fltld  and  Farm 4  00    4  00 

Spirit  of  the  Times 4  00    4  00 

Horseman    3  00    3  00 

SEMI-MONTHLIES. 

Wool  Markets  and  Sheep  50       75 

Dairy  and  Creamery  50       75 

Commercial  Poultry  60       75 

All  three  1  50    1  15 

MONTHLIES. 

North  American  Review  6  00    5  00 

The  Century  Magazine 4  00    4  25 

St.  Nicholas  Magazine   3  00    3  26 

Llpplncott's  Magazine  2  50    2  50 

Harper's  Magazine   4  00    4  00 

Forum  Magazine    3  00    3  25 

Scrrbner's  Magazine  300    325 

Prank  Leslies  Magazine  100    135 

Cosmopolitan  Magazine  100    135 

Everybody's  Mi;ga?ine  100    135 

Munsey  Magazine   100    135 

Strand  .Magazine  1  25    1  65 

McClure's  Magazine   100    136 

Argosy  Magazine  1  00    1  35 

Review  of  Reviews  2  50    2  75 

Southern  Fruit  Grower 50       85 

Where  you  desire  to  subscribe  to  two  or 
more  of  the  publI(;atlons  named,  you  can  ar- 
rive at  the  net  subscription  price  by  deduct- 
ing 50  cents  from  "our  price  with  the 
PLANTER."  If  you  desire  to  subscribe  to 
any  other  publications  not  listed  here,  write 
us  and  we  will  cheerfully  quote  clubbing  or 
net  subscription  rates. 

Subscribers  whoso  time  does  not  expire 
until  later  can  take  advantage  of  our  club 
rates,  and  have  their  subscription  advanced 
one  year  from  date  of  expiration  of  their 
subscription  to  either  the  PLANTER  or  any 
of  the  other  publications  mentioned. 

Don't  hesitate  to  write  us  for  any  Informa- 
tion desired;  we  will  cheerfully  answer  any 
correspondence. 

We  furnish  NO  SAMPLE  COPIES  of  other 
periodicals. 


Seed  House  of  the  South. 


BUCKWHEAT, 
OATS  and 
CANE  SEED. 


'*  Whatsoever  One  Soweth,  That  Shall  He  Reap." 

We  sell  strictly  reliable  FIELD  AND  GARDEN  SEEDS  of  every 
variety  at  Lowest   Market  rates,   included   in  which   are 

RAGLAND'S     PEDIGREE    TOBACCO    SEEDS. 

^      j»      ^      WE  ALSO   SELL 

Our   Own    Brands   of    Fertilizers 

Fop  Tobacco,  Corn,  Wheat,  Potatoes,  &c. 

Pure    Raw-Bone    Meal,    Nova    Scotia    and  Virginia    Piaster   and 
Fertilizing  Materials  generally. 

Parties  wishing  to  purchase  will  find  it  to  their  Interest  to  price  our  goods. 
Samples  sent  by  mail  when  desired. 

1016    Main    Street, 
LYNCHBURG,  VA. 


Wm.  A.  Miller  &  Son,  ^ 


W-     flt     J»     />.-■>     O.     ij£     J^     ->     5-     5»     -•>.»*-.».-■»     J>      5-     J>-     ->->     J*     -0-     •■*■     ."i         ^     v»     j»     ,■>     SJ     .;>     .»     S 

%  Headquarters  for 


Nursery  Stock. 


WHOLESALE 

and: 

RETAIL. 


We  make  a  specialty  of  handling  dealers'  orders. 
lALLlSTOCK  ITRUE   TO    NAME. 
Nectarines,  Pecans,  Ornamental  and*", 

Chestnuts,  Shade  Trees, 

Walnuts,  Evergreens,  | 

Small  Fruits,        Roses,  Etc. 


Cherry, 
Quinces, 
Almonds, 


Apples, 
Pears, 
Peach, 
Plum, 
Apricots, 
CALIFORNIA   PRIVET,  lor   Hedging. 

.    .    AGENTS  WANTED 
FRANKLIN    DAVIS   NURSERY   CO., 


WRITE  FOR   CATALOGUE.   3 


Baltimore,  Md. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTEK. 


363 


The  Most  popular  Machines  in' use  for  PeatiUt  Picking  and  Grain  Threshing  are  the 

HEEBNER'S, 

LITTLE  GIANT  and 

PENNSYLVANIA 

Machines,  and  they  have  splendid  improvements  for  1903. 
They  are  built  in  first-class  manner,  and  are  strong  and 
durable.  The  ^riceis  within  the  reach  of  all.  We  guaran- 
tee them  to  do  the  work  satisfactory.  We  will  mail  cata- 
logue and  testimonials,  and  quote  prices  on  application. 

RUBBER,    LEATHER 


6ANDY  BELTING. 
ECLIPSE" 


PRICK'S 
ENGINES  and  BOILERS. 

ERIE  ENGINES  and  BOILERS. 

THE  CELEBRATED 

CHA5E  "  SAW   MILLS 

AND 

'DE  LOACH"  MACHINERY- 


This" cut  shows  our  5  and  7  h.  p.  "Little 
Samson"  Vertical,  Automatic  Engine,  for 
running  threshers,  peanut  pickers,  cutting 
feed,  sawing  wood    etc. 

Larger  size  also  furnished. 


STRATTON  &:bRAQG  CO..  20=22  N.  Sycamore  St.,  Petersburg,  Va. 


IMJtoiiStiiir'TiI'VrtBiiilMiftitir  1 1  'frir  1111  mtii 


X 
X 
X 


X 
X 
X 


X 
X 
X 
X 


X. 


How  is  TourWheat? 

OlMp  CENT  ^^'^^^^^^  ^"  ^  postal  card  and  addressed  to 
==^=  THE  CARD  WELL  MACHINE  COM- 
PANY,   Richmond,    Virginia,    will    bring    you    circulars    regarding 

Cardwell's  Thresher  and  Cleaner 

They  arc  SIMPLE,  DURABLE  and  EASY  TO  WORK. 
Capacity,  200  to    J  000   bushels  of   wheat  per  day,  according  to  size 
and   character   of   grain. 

THE  CARDWELL  MACHINE  CO.,  '*'":::::zT.,^:zf''-^ 


X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 


X 


X 
X 

X 
X 
X 

X 


364 


THE  SOUTH ERX  PLAXTER. 


[May 


"THE  EARLY  BIRD 


^'  You  Know  the  Rest 


I  iiiention  this  well-known  adage,  because  so  many  of  my  customers  have 
l)roved  the  old  and  true  saying  about  the  early  bird — what  he  caught.  He  got  the 
best,  and  he  got  there  tirst.  Xow,  you  must  do  the  same  thing.  You  know  our 
prices  all  "change  without  notice" — so  send  your  orders  in  on  time,  and  you  will 
get  the  pick  and  choice  of  everything — though  we  keep  nothing  but  the  best.  We 
buy  at  the  market  and  sell  at  the  market.  Write  for  prices  and  I  will  be  delighted 
to  send  them  to  you  as  fast  as  your  mail  service  can  carry  them.  I  have  at  this 
writing  but  1  don't  know  how  long  thev  will  last : 


10,000  Imshels  Feed  Oats 40 

fi,000  bushels  Mixed  Corn ">0 

Both  of  theiie  are  big  drives,  and  von  shonhl 
order  at  once. 

500  kits  of  Large  ]Mackerel,  per  kit 1   2.5 

0,000  busliels  Early  Rose  Potatoes TO 

4,000  bnshels  Burbank  Seed  Potatoes T.t 

10  large  bars  Laundrv  Soap -^ 

^        PFAH  CAREFULLY  TH 


,000  lbs.  Rook  or  Lnnq)  Salt  for  stock.   Take 

1,0UU  lbs,  and  I  will  make  it  for 7  50 

500  bids.  Xortli  Carolina  Cut  Herrings 4  75 

500  bbls.  Lime,  Cement,  Plaster,  at  cost. 
Paints,   Oils.   Xails,  and  everything    that    is 

needed  by  a  Farmer  we  keep,  and  will  sell 

at  actual  cost  to  reduce  our  stock. 
Drop  me  a  line,  keep  in  touch  with  headqiiar- 

ters,  and  bv  doing  this  vou  save  money. 

E   FOLLOWING   PRICES^— i^ 


V^INES,  LIQUORS   AND  CORDIALS. 

Gibson's  fine  old  Rye  Whiskey,  6 
years  old — quarts,  75c.,  or  gal- 
lon, jugs  free I3  00 

Bumgardner's      fine      old      Rye 

Whiskey.  6  years  old.  per  gal.   2  75 
Fine  old  Anderson  County,  gal. 

(this  is  4  years  old) 2  00 

Clemmer's    fine    old    Rye,    three 
summers     (it     is     thick     and 
drinks   like   nectar),   quart...       40 
Fulchers     old     Mountain     Dew, 

quart   ^^ 

Imported  Juniper  Gin.  For 
kidney  and  kindred  troubles  it 
it  gives  instant  relief,  and  you 

should   get  a  quart — only 

34()     bottles,     quarts,     imported 

Three  Star  French  Brandy... 

McDerniotfs      Pure     Old      Malt 

Whiskey,  quart  85 

Pure  old  Northampton  Apple 
Brandy,    7   years   old,    strictly 

choice,  gallon   2  00 

Old  Rye  Whiskey,  4  years  old..  2  00 
Pure  Old  Virginia  Apple  Brandy  2  00 
Blackberry   Brandy,  per  gallon.       75 

Good    Holland    Gin 1  50 

Uuffys  Malt  Whiskey 85 

FLOUR. 

Pillsbury   Flour,   per  bbl 4  90 

Pillsbury.   per  bag 32 

Graham   Flour,  per  bag 25 

Dunlop   Patent  Flour,  bbl 4  50 

Uunlop.   per  bag 29 

Byrd    Island   Flour,   per  bbl 4  40 

.Terser  Lily  Flour,   per  bbl 4  00 


45 


75 


Fine  Fairy  Flour,  per  bbl 3  85 

Best    Family   Flour 4  25 

SEEDS. 
Sapling  Clover  Seed,  per  bushel. $7  50 

Alfalfa   Seed,   per  bushel 7  40 

Alsyke  Seed,  per  bushel 9  50 

Timothy  Seed,  per  bushel 2  75 

Orchard  Grass  Seed,  per  bushel.  2  10 
Tall  -Meadow  Oats,  per  bushel..  2  00 
White  Clover  Seed,  per  bushel..  13  00 
Potato  Onion  Sets,  per  bushel . .  2  00 
Hlack  Spring  Oats,  per  bushel .  .  52 
Rust   Proof   Oats,   per   bushel ...        65 

Turt  Oats,  per  bushel 70 

Tine  Winter  Turf  Oats  (seed) .  .       75 

Prime  Winter  Seed  Oats 60 

1,000   bushels  Seed   Rye 68 

10.000  bushels  Choice  Seed  Potatoes, 
all  varieties — Early  Rose.  Burbanks, 
Beauty  Hebrons.  Am  prepared  to 
make  very  low  prices. 

1  have  everything  that  is  required 
by  a  farmer,  from  a  1.000  Acre  Farm 
to  a  Mouse  Trap.  Write  for  my  Price- 
List  that  will  give  you  more  informa- 
tion than  a  gossiping  woman. 


SUGAR. 

Best  American   Granulated... 

White  A   Sugar,   per  lb 

Cut  Loaf   

Powdered    

Light-Brown   Sugar,   6  lbs.... 

BACON   AND   LARD. 

Best   Sugar-Cured   Hams,   lb.. 

California   Hams,   per  lb 


43 
43 
6 
6 
25 

15 
lOJ 


Breast  Bacon,  per  lb 13 

Good  Lard  9 

Genuine  Smithfleld  Hams.  lb. . .       15 

4-lb  Can  Cottolene 44 

Country  Cured   Bacon   Sides.  ...        12 

10,000  lbs  Nice  Family  Pork 9 

FEED. 

Oats,  per  bushel 

Shipstuff.  per  100  lbs 

Brownstuff.   per  100  lbs 

Good    Corn,    per   bushel 

Coarse  Meal,  per  bushel 

Best   City   Meal,    per   bushel.... 

Linseed    Meal,   per   100  lbs 

Cottonseed    Meal,   per   100   lbs. . 

510    tons    Cottonseed    Hulls — an 

excellent    winter    food,    cheap 

and     nutritious — as     good     as 

coarse  meal  for  stock,  per  100.       50 

70.000   lbs  Rock   Salt   for   stock, 

per   ICO   lbs 1  00 

5,ooo  Bales  ot  Fine  Shucks. 

COFFEE,  TEA,  SOAP,  ETC. 

.\rbuckle's  Green  Coffee 11 

Best    Mocha    and    Java    Coffee, 

roasted    18 

Fine   Gunpowder   Tea 40 

800  barrels  White  Oil 12 

7  boxes  Axle  Grease 25 

10  Large  Cakes  Fancy  Soap. ...       25 
Crystal     Washing     Soda,     light, 
smooth     and     durable — makes 

washing  easy 30 

Washing  Powder,   8  for 25 

Large     Fat     Mackerel     in     nice 
buckets  or  kits,  about  15  lbs..   1  25 


D.  O'SULLIVAN,  IStti  and  Main  and  502  E.  Marshall  Sts.,  Richmond.  Va. 


lOOo. 


THE  SOUTHERJf  PLANTER. 


365 


C  CH>0<>-J<KK><K>0<KK>CK«><H>C><H><>OOOCCH>0<H><^^ 


WAGONS  and  BUGGIES 


AH  of  Virginia. 


MADE 

RIGHT  HERE 

AT    HOME 

BY 

I  The  BARBOUR  BUGGY  CO.,  1 
I  The  HUGHES  BUGGY  CO.,  [ 
I  The  VIRGINIA    WAGON    CO.    j 

g  These  vehicles  are  guaranteed  to  be  as  good  as  can  be  bought  elsewhere;  material  and 

S  workmanship  unsurpassed ;  all   sizes  and  styles,   prices  low.     We  can   save  you  time, 

o  monev  and   freight  by  purchasing  our  vehicles.     Send   for  our  illustrated   catalogues. 

^  Drop  in  our  warehouse  and  inspect  our  stock.     Inquiries  cheerfully  answered. 

a  AGENTS     FOR     DEERING     MACHINES.  5 

§  RICHMOND  BUGGY  &  WAGON  CO.,  1433  E.  Main  Street,  RICHMOND.  VA.  | 

g  J.  T.  DUNN,  Manager.  | 

Our  ''TRUST''  is  in  the  merits  of  the  machines. 

Fine  as  they  are,    Durable  as  they  have  proven, 

THE  WALTER  A.  WOOD  MOWERS. 

Reapers,  Hay  Rakes  and  Binders 

ran  he  bought  to-day  for 
less  tliaii  any  otlier  ma- 
chine on  the  market. 


Don't  you  believe  it?  Try  us. 
We'll  astonish  you.     We've  got 

Vm  whipped  to  a  stand-still. 
Everybody  after  "WOOD"  ma-      r 

rhines    this    season,  and    no  t- 

wonder. 


ASHTON  STARKE, 


RICHMOND,  VA. 


366 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAKTEK. 


TMav 


Seasonable  Implements  of  Latest  Patterns. 


Established    by 
GEO.  WATT,  1840. 


DEERK   DISC   CULTIVATOR. 


THE  CALL-WATT  CO., 

RICHMOND,  VIRGINIA. 

•riH-  WATT,  CROWN  and  CRESCENT 
PLOWS. 

10si)P(idll.v  adapted  to  the  Coin  Grower. 
Kiiiially  adapted  to  the  Tobacco  Planter, 
liie  Cotton  Planter  and  the  Gardener. 

DISC  HARROWS— All  sizes 
Independent  Flexible  Gangs,  operated 
by  one  or  two  lever.<;.     No  end  thrust. 

DUST  PROOF  BEARING  BOXES,  Flexi 
ble  Scrapers.     Steel  Shanks. 

All  Steel  Lever  Harrows.  Made  up  of 
sections  of  25  teeth  each.  We  have  the 
Contin\ious  frame  with  spring  trip,  which 
relieves  all  strain  on  the  teeth,  or  the  U 
Bar.  by  means  of  the  lever  instantly 
changed  to  a  straight  or  slanting  tooth 
barrow. 

The  DEERE  SINGLE  and  DOUBLE 
ROW  CORN  PLANTER. 

The  Corn  Drop  works  on  the  "edge 
selection"  principle.  Simple  in  construc- 
tion and  next  to  impossible  to  get  out  of 
order.  These  Planters  have  features  not 
possessed  by  any  other,  and  are  fully  de- 
scribed in  special  circular. 

The  EMPIRE  SINGLE  ROW  CORN 
PLANTER  with  the  celebrated  Marks 
Force  Feed  Fertilizer.  The  lightest  Com- 
bination Planter  made. 

The  EUREKA  CORN  PLANTER,  Known 
so  long  as  to  require  no  special  descrip- 
tion. 

The  DEERE  DISC  CULTIVATOR  is 
made  almost  entirely  of  Steel  and  Mal- 
leable Iron.  Light  weight  and  great 
strength.  High,  solid  steel  arch.  Wheels 
adjustal)le  in  width.  Pivoted  Tongue. 
Dust  proof  bearing  boxes.  Convertible 
into  an  Eirfit  Disc  Harrow  or  a  Spring 
Tooth  Cultivator. 

The  DEERE  RIDING  and  WALKING 
CULTIVATORS.  With  four  or  six  shovels 
or  spring  teeth.  Possesses  features  not 
found  in  any  other. 


MANFRED     CALL, 
Manager. 


THE  W*TT  PLOW. 


LEVER    HARROW. 


DEERE  DOUBLE  ROW  PLANTER. 


WALKING  CULTIVATOR 


Bron  Age  Cultivators,  Iron  Age  Combined  Cultivator  and  Harrow,  Double  Shovel 

Plows,  Feed  and  Ensilage  Cutters,  Pea  Hullers,  Threshers,  Engines,  Saw 

Hills,  Grain  Drills,  (Hoe  or  Disc.)     Farm  Wagons.  Bugi:ies,  Road  Carts. 

Implements,  Machinery  and  Vehicles  for  all    purposes. 

WRITE    FOR    DESCRIPTIVE   CIRCULARS. 

;^ett;e'Mairr„?c::;       Richmond,  va.     THE  CALL=watt  CO. 


^P9i^-} 


THE  SOUTHERAT  PLANTER. 


mi 


LABOR=SAVINQ  IMPLEMENTS  AND  MACHINERY. 

r'ADXT    DF     A  ISJTPI?^     '^'"'     I'OOSIKK,   both    sinj;!*-    iind    iloiible    row, 
eoraPIantec.  L-UKIM     rLAl^lCKo.    „itb     iiHil     without    fertilizer     nttaehment.     The 

^;i>ANGI-El;  lor  Corti.  Pens  iuid  So?-irliuni. 

CULTIVATORS,  ikon  agk'cuih- 

v:itors  ami  Horse  Hoes.     COiNTINENTAL    Dist' 

Cultivators  and  Harrows,  the  best  in  the  world. 
Spring  tooth  attachments  for  cultivalo  '.  KODKRICK  l.FAN  steel  lever  harrows  for 
one,  two  and  three  horses. 

THE  SOUTH 
BEND  CHILLED 
PLOWS. 

HORSE  HOE. 

Wood  or  Steel  beam  ;  all  sizes.     Guaranteed  equal  to  any  made.  ■■ 

THE  CELEBRATED 

HANCOCK  DISC  PLOW. 

DISC  CULTIVATOR.  5i„g,e  or  Double  Di...c.  : 


DISC  H/\RROWS-All  Sizes. 


SPIKE  TOOTH  HARROW. 


THE  OLD  RELIABLE 


PEERLESS   ENGINES 

SAW  MILLS  and 
THRESHING  MACHINES. 


THE  FISH.  THE  WEBER  AND  THE  CHAMPION  WAGONS 

IN  ALL  SIZES. 

(ieneral  agency  for  the  Colunibus  Buggy  Co.,  Col- 
umbus, Ohio.  A.  Wrenn  &  Sons,  Norfolk,  Va  ,  and 
other  celebrated  makers  of  vehicles.  All  grades  in 
stock. 

Harness,   Robes   and    Whips,    Pittsburg    Perfecl    Wire 

Fencing,    welded    by    electricity.     Circular     for     the 
asking      Correspondence  solicitec' 


THE    WATT    PLOW    CO.,   U^J  .^;  ^Sf^'' stSeet'    Richmond,  Va. 


3fi8- 


THK  SOUTHKUX   I'LAXTKil. 


[May 


Latest    Improved    FARM    IMPLEMENTS. 


ANTI-DIRl    WrLK    PAIL 


Only  Pail  niHilc  <liHt  prevent.-  Din  Hnd  Hair  Iroui 
dropping  Inlo  llic  Milk  and  STKAINs  IT  TWICK 
while  milktns:.     ApfBic.  mi.l  (VkiIi.  !t. 
Eray  Firmer  asd  Datrrman  Should  Ust  it. 


Special  prices  gli  en  on  Studchakerand  Brow  r 

WaKons.  BuKKirs  and  Carts. 

Stndabakcr   B<ig((le>.   all    style.*.    Studebakci 

Carrlaees.  Studrbakcr  Cartv.  Studc- 

hakcr  Runabouts. 


Aspinwail   Potato  Planter. 

AmomHtio,  .Accurate  and  Keiiablo.  I'setl  by 
tiiou^^and?  of  praclicaJ  growers  the  world  over. 

Over  twenty  years  on  the  market.  Don't  l>e 
fooled  by  imitations  ami  make-shins  but  write 
for  attractive  llliislrale"!  catalofn^e. 

Buckeye    Force    Pumps.       Porce- 

lained  Wood   Pumps.     Wood 

and    Steel     Wind    Mills. 

Frick   and    Aultman  and    Taylor 

Enjjines,  Saw  Mills  and 

Threshers. 


'^^^^'-'''^ 


The 
.Celebrated 


-■'>'f 


'%  Plymouth 


Twine^.oK 

E.-ven,  SmootK, 
Strong,  -  Full 
LengtK.  Every 
Ball  'Warrarit- 
ti,;.-^*^      v^A.   j&   j0    ^   ^ 


T  DRAlrtiS  THE  BRR- 


Bement  Disc  Cultivator,  with 
6  or  8  Disc. 

Built  entirely  of  steel,  liteel  forglnga  and  nxal- 
leable  iron.  The  most  i^ilmple  and  eaale«^  ad- 
justed cutlivator  on  the  market  io-d»y.  Write 
for  circulars  Hnd  testimonials. 


fMI  WHCEUS  tVILL  NOT  UFT  I 

<ll.\Mri(>N    Mi.w,.'^.  i:...i 
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riaaters. 


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or  with  Fertilizer  Attachment. 

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The  Southern  Planter. 


DEVOTED  TO 


PRACTICAL  AND   PROGRESSIVE  AGRICULTURE,   HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING,   LIVE  STOCK  AND    THE    FIRESIDE. 


Agriculture  Is  the  nursing  mother  of  the  Art8.-°XENOPHON. 
Tillage  and  pasturage  are  the  two  breasts  of  the  State. =-SULLY. 


•64th  Year. 


Richmond,  June,  1903. 


No.  6. 


Farm  Management. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH. 

At  the  date  of  this  writing  (20th  May)  tlie  con- 
trast afforded  in  the  weather,  as  compared  with 
that  at  the  time  we  wrote  our  article  on  work  for 
the  mouth  for  the  April  issue,  is  the  most 
strongly  marked  we  have  ever  known  in  so  short  a 
time.  Then  nearly  the  whole  of  the  Southern  State? 
and  many  of  the  Eastern  and  Northern  ones,  were 
suifering  from  an  excess  of  cold  rains,  which  had 
been  long  continued,  and  there  seemed  no  immediate 
prospect  of  relief.  Now,  nearly  the  whole  of  the 
South  and  all  the  Eastern  and  Northern  States,  ane' 
many  of  the  Middle  States,  are  suffering  from 
drought,  which,  in  many  places,  has  already  done 
serious  injury.  The  rains  ceased  in- the  last  week  ir 
April  and  since  May  came  in  we  have  had  dry,  cool 
weather  with  decidedly  cold  nights  and  a  complete 
absence  of  genial,  growing  weather.  Not  until  the 
present  week  have  even  the  mid-days  been  warm. 
Notwithstanding  this  ungenial  weather,  crop  condi- 
tions in  the  South  are  not  yet  seriously  impaired, 
but  a  continuance  of  the  like  conditions  for  another 
week  will  work  serious  injury.  Already  in  several 
of  the  Northern  and  New  England  States  damage 
has  been  done  which  cannot  be  made  good,  whatever 
the  subsequent  weather  may  be. 

In  oTir  April  issue  we  sounded  a  note  of  warn- 
ing as  to  the  probability  of  drought  following  so 
long  a  period  of  rain,  but  we  did  not  look  for  its 
setting  in  so  soon.  If,  however,  what  we  then  said 
was  heeded,  many  a  farmer  may  already  have  saved 
himself  from  much  loss  bv  a  careful  conservation  of 


tlie  moisture  in  the  ground.  Where  the  surface  soil 
has  been  kept  stirred  and  loose  there  is  yet  a  reserve 
of  moisture  in  the  land  which  will  serve  to  carry  the 
crops  planted  through  a  further  period  of  dry 
weather.  Wherever  the  siirf  ace  soil  has  been  allowed 
to  become  compacted  and  hard,  moisture  has  been 
rapidly  exhausted,  and  it  will  require  some  days  of 
rain  to  fit  such  lands  for  planting,  and  the  proba- 
bility is  that  the  effect  of  the  jjresent  drought  will 
bo  seen  in  the  yield  of  such  crops  at  harvest. 


The  condition  of  the  wheat  crop  of  the  country 
still  remains  a  high  one,  .thought  it  suffered  some 
impairment  up  to  Jst  of  May  and  no  doubt  will  have 
been  further  injured  since  that  date.  On  the  1st  of 
May  the  average  condition  throughout  the  country 
was  92. G,  against  a  condition  of  9J.3  on  1st  of  April, 
lOOo,  and  76.4  on  May  1,  1902,  and  82.5  the  average 
of  the  last  ten  years.  The  condition  in  Virginia 
on  May  1st  was  94;  in  North  Carolina,  75,  in  South 
(  arolina,  78,  and  in  Maryland  97.  These  figures 
show  but  little  impairment  from  the  April  condition, 
and  are  very  high  ones  for  this  section,  being,  in  most 
cases,  in  excess  of  the  ten  year  average.  Winter  oats 
are  still  looking  well  in  most  sections,  though  be- 
iiinning  to  sufl'er  from  want  of  rain.  Spring  oats 
are  seriously  impaired,  and  in  many  sections  will  be 
a  failure.  This  once  more  emphasizes  what  we  have 
so  often  said,  that  the  spring  oat  crop  is  not  one  for 
the  South.  Grass  and  clover  crops  were  looking 
\ery  well  up  to  a  week  ago,  but  are  now  showing  the 
effects  of  the  drought,  and  the  yield  will,  no  doubt,  be 


370 


THE  SOUTHEliX  PLA^'TEK. 


[June 


cut  o£E  considerably.  C'rinifon  clover  has  made  a 
better  crop  than  usual,  and  some  excellent  hay  has 
been  made  from  it.  which  will  help  to  make  good  the 
deficiency  in  red  clover  and  meadow  hay. 

The  work  of  planting  the  corn  crop  will,  we  are 
afraid,  occupy  the  attention  of  many  farmers  for 
some  time  yet.  The  sodden  condition  of  the  land  up 
to  the  beginning  of  iMay,  and  the  quick  drying  of  the 
fields  under  the  influence  of  the  cold,  dry  winds  of 
that  month,  caused  much  land  to  remain  unplanted 
at  the  end  of  the  month,  and  a  great  deal  of  that 
planted  was  put  into  a  poor  seed  bed  and  will  make 
slow  progress  aud  require  frequent  cultivation  to 
stimulate  its  growth.  Where  land  is  unploughed  on 
the  1st  of  May,  as  is  too  often  the  case,  the  occur- 
rence of  such  a  spring  as  this  has  been  is  bound  to 
cause  poor  stands  of  corn.  The  only  remedy  for  this 
is  to  plough  in  winter  and  the  first  months  of  the 
year  whenever  the  laud  can  be  worked,  and  then  to 
fit  it  for  a  seed-bed  with  the  disc  harrow,  roller  and 
cultivator.  Under  this  system  moisture  can  be  ac- 
cumulated in  the  land  aud  afterwards  be  conserved 
there  and  the  work  of  fitting  the  land  for  the  seed 
can  be  much  more  quickly  completed  when  the  time 
and  season  for  the  work  comes  round.  All  haste  pos- 
sible should  now  be  made  in  completing  planting, 
and  the  work  of  cultivation  should  have  constant 
attention  so  as  to  hasten  the  growth  of  the  crop.  In 
our  last  issue  we  wrote  at  length  on  the  proper 
method  of  cultivating  the  crop,  and  to  this  we  refer 
our  readers.  We  will  add  to  what  we  then  said,  the 
following  very  valuable  advice  given  by  [Mr.  Terry 
in  the  Practical  Farmer: ' 

But  now  let  me  give  you  one  absolute  rule  in  re- 
gard to  the  use  of  the  cultivator,  weeder  or  harrow 
in  growing  crops.  You  cannot  do  this  work  just 
when  you  have  the  time  and  get  best  results.  It  will 
not  do  to  simply  go  ovev  the  gro\xnd  so  many  times 
in  a  season,  without  regard  to  when,  simply  often 
enough  to  keep  the  weeds  down.  Let  me  tell  you 
about  the  when,  a  matter  that  has  literally  brought 
us  thousands  of  dollars.  From  start  to  finish  never 
let  the  surface  dry  up  after  a  rain,  or  rainy  spell, 
and  remain  unbroken.  Stir  it  always  as  soon  as  the 
land  is  dry  enough  to  work.  If  it  rains  again  in 
twenty-four  hours,  no  matter,  stir  it  again.  If  it 
does  not  rain,  is  all  dry  and  dusty,  never  mind,  stir 
again  inside  of  a  week  any  way.  although  you  work 
in  a  cloud  of  dust.  This  stirring  makes  a  mulch  that 
saves  water  from  evaporation — saves  it  for  the  crop. 
Water  cvajiorates  rapidly  from  an  unstirred,  sur- 
face when  the  sun  shines  or  the  wind  blows,  but 
verv  slightlv  after  vou  have  made  the  surface  fine 


aud  mellow  two  inches  deep.  This  is  the  way  to  save 
water  for  your  crop  in  a  dry  time.  But  keeping 
wicds  down  and  saving  water  is  not  all  one  does  by 
su  much  work.  Xo !  There  is  much  inert  plant-food 
in  the  soil.  C)rdinary  tillage  makes  a  little  avail- 
able. This  extra  tillage  makes  more  ready  for 
plants  and  you  get  larger  crops.  Larger  because 
you  have  kept  weeds  from  getting  any.  Larger  be- 
cause you  have  saved  water  for  the  crop.  Larger  be- 
cause it  has  been  able  to  get  more  to  grow  on.  I  hope 
you  all  prepared  your  giound  well  and  have  it  well 
supplied  with  vegetable  matter,  then  this  extra  care 
iif  crop  will  pay  still  better. 


The  planting  of  com  for  filling  the  silo  should 
have  attention  during  this  month.  We  wish  that 
more  of  our  subscribers  had  silos  to  fiU.  We  have 
repeatedly  urged  the  building  of  a  silo  on  every  farm 
having  more  than  half  a  dozen  head  of  cattle  on  the 
place.  It  is  the  cheapest  barn  a  man  can  build  and 
preserves  the  feed  placed  in  it  in  a  succulent  condi- 
tion, which  makes  it  always  acceptable  to  the  stock, 
aud  results  in  great  economy  in  feeding,  as  the  stalks 
are  softened  so  that  they  are  readily  consumed  with 
the  finer  portion  of  the  feed.  In  our  July  issue  we 
will  give  instructions  for  the  building  of  a  silo,  and 
hope  that  many  will  be  induced  to  try  one.  Once 
used  no  stock-keeper  will  ever  want  to  be  without  one 
again.  The  best  crop  with  which  to  fill  a  silo  is  com 
or  a  mixture  of  corn  and  cowpeas  or  corn  and  soy 
beans.  Corn  alone  makes  a  silage  rich  in  carbo- 
hydrates, but  lacking  in  protein.  The  addition  of 
cow  peas  or  soy  beans  supplies  the  needed  protein, 
and  makes  the  feed  as  taken  from  the  silo  nearly  a 
completely  balanced  ration.  Where  corn  alone  is 
grown  for  filling  the  silo,  or  when  corn  is  gro\vn 
mixed  with  peas  or  soy  beans,  the  crop  should  be 
planted  in  rows  three  feet  apart  and  six  or  eight 
inches  apart  in  the  row.  This  admits  of  cultivating 
(he  crop  and  ensures  that  the  stalks  shall  carry  a  fair 
proportion  of  ears.  The  stalks  and  fodder  also  be- 
come moi-e  fully  matured  and  the  silage  made  will  be 
sweeter  and  not  so  watery.  We  are  strongly  iu  favor 
of  growing  cow  peas  with  the  com.  Those  of  our 
subscribers  who  have  adopted  this  plan  speak  in  the 
liighest  terms  of  the  mixed  crop.  They  get  an  in- 
crease in  the  yield  at  practically  no  cost  except  that 
of  the  cow-pea  seed  and  get  also  a  much  more  valu- 
able feed.  It  is  true  that  the  increased  yield  is  not 
so  great  as  would  seem  probable  generally.  L'sually 
it  amounts  to  about  :25  per  cent,  in  actual  weight, 
but  this  gain  costs  so  little  and  is  attended  with  other 
advantages  in  addition  to  the  improvement  of  the 
feed  that  render  it  most  advisable.     Amongst  these 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEE. 


371 


advantages  is  the  economy  in  land  to  be  got  ready  for 
seeding  and  of  the  cultivation  of  a  separate  crop, 
and  also  the  fact  that  a  silo  will  hold  much  more 
feed  made  from  a  mixed  crop  than  from  one  of  corn 
alone.  Experiments  made  at  the  Delaware  Experi- 
ment Station  show  that  a  circular  silo  seventeen  feet 
in  diameter  filled  with  settled  silage  to  a  depth  of 
twenty-three  feet  would  hold  ninety-two  tons  of  corn 
alone  or  132  tons  of  mixed  com  and  peas  grown  in 
the  proportion  of  75  per  cent,  of  corn  and  25  per 
cent,  of  peas,  which  is  about  the  usual  proportionate 
weight  when  grown  together.  When  grown  together 
the  corn  should  be  first  planted  and  at  the  second 
cultivation  the  peas  should  be  drilled  in  along  side 
the  corn  rows.  The  best  variety  of  pea  to  use  for 
this  purpose  is  the  Whippoorwill,  as  they  grow  more 
compactly  in  the  corn  row  and  do  not  reach  across 
to  the  adjoining  rows  so  as  to  tether  the  crop  to- 
gether and  make  it  difficult  to  harvest  with  a  ma- 
chine. Grown  together  in  this  way  from  twelve  to 
fifteen  tons  of  silage  to  the  acre  may  be  readily  pro- 
duced and  on  good  land  even  twenty  tons  can  be  cut. 
Where  soy  beans  are  used  for  the  protein  crop  they 
may  be  gro^vn  between  the  corn  rows,  which  should, 
in  that  case,  be  four  feet  apart.  We  prefer,  however, 
to  grow  this  crop  separately  and  mix  with  the  corn 
when  filling  the  silo.  They  make  a  better  yield  in 
this  way. 


The  forage  crops,  about  which  we  wrote  fully 
in  our  last  issue,  and  on  which  subject  we  say  an- 
other word  in  this  issue,  should  be  planted  during 
this  month  and  July.  For  information  as  to  the 
best  way  in  which  to  plant  these  crops  see  our  May 
issue. 


The  thinning  out  and  cultivation  of  the  cotton 
crop  should  receive  close  attention  during  this 
month.  The  yield  of  the  crop  largely  depends  upon 
the  early  vigorous  growth  of  the  plants  and  this  is 
very  largely  influenced  by  the  quickness  with  which 
the  crop  is  brought  to  a  stand  and  the  "repeated  cul- 
tivation of  it. 


The  planting  of  the  tobacco  crop  has  been  much 
delayed  by  the  drought  of  ilay  and  much  of  it  will 
not  yet  have  made  a  start  in  growth,  even  if  planted. 
Push  on  the  work  of  planting  as  quickly  as  the  season 
will  permit  and  let  cultivation  be  often  and  shallow. 
When  the  crop  is  large  enough  to  top  do  not  top  too 
high.  It  is  better  to  have  fewer  leaves,  all  fully  and 
evenly  ripened,  than  a  greater  number  of  which  part 
have  to  be  cut  before  ripe.     An  evenly  cured  crop  of 


tobacco  all  of  the  same  color  and  texture  can  never 
be  made  out  of  a  crop  cut  in  different  stages  of 
ripening.  The  growing  of  this  crop  ixnder  shade  is 
making  progress  in  the  iSTew  England  cigar-leaf  sec- 
tions, and  to  some  extent  is  being  tried  in  the  South 
on  the  Havana  and  Sumatra  types,  but  we  have  not 
heard  of  its  being  attempted  with  the  bright  and 
heavy  shipping  types.  Fine  results  have  been  ob- 
tained with  the  types  upon  which  the  system  has 
been  tried.  The  cost  is  great,  however,  and  seems 
likely  only  to  be  profitable  upon  such  types  as  com- 
mand high  prices.  From  $600  to  $800  per  acre  is 
a  large  initial  cost  to  be  incurred.  Look  out  for  the 
worms  and  see  that  the  first  brood  is  closely  destroyed, 
either  by  hand  picking  or  by  spraying.  Spraying 
tobacco  with  Paris  green  is  certain  death  to  the 
worms  and  causes  no  injury  to  the  tobacco  or  to  the 
human  consumer  of  it.  We  would,  however,  advise 
that  no  tobacco  be  sprayed  with  the  Paris  green  after 
it  begins  to  ripen  or  when  getting  near  that  stage,  aa 
the  poison  may  stain  the  leaf  and  thus  prejudice  the 
sale.  A  mixture  of  one  pound  of  Paris  green  to  160 
gallons  of  water  will  make  a  solution  strong  enough 
to  kill  the  worms. 


The  harvesting  of  the  wheat  and  oat  crops  will 
call  for  attention  before  our  next  issue  reaches  its 
readers.  Do  not  let  the  grain  become  over-ripe  be- 
fore putting  in  the  binder.  An  over-ripe  crop  never 
makes  so  good  a  sample  as  one  cut  just  before  being 
dead  ripe.  The  grain  is  not  so  bright  nor  so  plump. 
Besides  this,  an  over-ripe  crop  shatters  badly  in 
handling  and  the  yield  is  thus  much  reduced.  See 
that  your  binder  is  in  good  repair  and  order,  and 
chat  you  have  a  reserve  of  the  principal  working 
parts  on  hand,  so  that  in  the  event  of  a  break  yon 
will  not  have  to  wait  until  repairs  can  be  had  from 
the  makers  or  dealers.  Many  a  good  crop  has  been 
lost  from  neglect  of  this  precaution.  The  careless- 
ness with  which  agricultural  machinery  is  frequently 
stored — and  too  often  it  is  not  stored  at  all — makes 
it  very  necessary  that  careful  examination  and  clean- 
ing of  the  machines  before  using  should  be  made. 
It  is  a  sad  commentary  on  the  farmers'  care  of  his 
binder  that  the  Professor  of  Agi-icultural  Mechanics 
at  the  Illinois  Agricultural  College  has  stated  that 
;\s  the  result  of  enquiries  made  in  Illinois,  he  finds 
tlie  average  life  of  a  binder  in  that  State  is  only  four 
years  and  the  average  time  used  each  year  is  only  six 
days,  thus  making  the  real  working  life  only  twenty- 
four  days.  We  are  afraid  that  in  this  State  a  not 
much  better  record  would  be  found.  For  so  costly  a 
machine  this  is  a  very  expensive  life.     With  care  a 


372 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAKTER. 


[Juue 


binder  should  last  many  years  more  than  four.  The 
scarcity  of  hands  is  likely  to  cause  difficulty  in  hand- 
ling the  crop  in  many  sections.  Obviate  this  as  far 
as  possible  by  looking  up  and  hiring  the  required 
hands  before  the  crop  is  ready  for  cutting.  See  that, 
if  possible,  you  have  at  least  sufficient  experienced 
hands  to  shock  the  grain  as  cut.  Every  sheaf  should 
be  in  shock  before  leaving  the  field  at  night — if  not 
prevented  by  rain.  Sheaves  left  unshocked  soon  be- 
gin to  shatter  the  grain  and  lessen  the  yield.  See 
that  the  shocks  are  well  capped,  so  that  rain  is  kept 
out  of  the  center,  it  is  there  where  the  damage 
is  done  in  case  of  rain. 


The  harvesting  of  clover  and  hay  crops  will  also 
require  attention.  Whilst  the  drought  we  are  having 
will,  no  doubt,  somewhat  reduce  the  yield  of  these 
crops,  yet  the  good  growth  made  in  March  and  April 
will  ensure  a  fair  yield.  See  that  the  crops  are  cut 
before  the  heads  are  full  of  seed.  The  greatest 
nutriment  is  found  in  clo^'cr  and  hay  when  in  bloom, 
and  the  greatest  weight  of  produce  can  also  be  se- 
cured by  cutting  at  that  time.  After  the  seed  begins 
to  form  the  nutritive  value  decreases  and  the  stall^s 
become  dry,  withered  and  light.  When  cut  do  not 
let  the  crop  remain  broadcast  until  all  the  nature  is 
dried  out  of  it  and  the  leaves  are  crisp  and  shatter- 
ing. When  well  wilted  rake  up  into  wind  row,  and 
if  not  sufficiently  dry  to  make  into  cock  leave  in  that 
condition  for  a  day  and  then  put  up  into  cock  to  com- 
plete the  cure.  Hay,  whether  clover  or  meadow, 
should  be  cured  in  cock,  if  the  best  condition  is  to 
be  secured,  unless  the  weather  be  so  hot  and  windy 
as  to  cure  it  sufficiently  for  the  barn  in  a  few  hours, 
which  is  not  often  the  case.  Hay  cured  in  wind  row 
or  cock  will  keep  its  fresh,  green  color  and  fine  smell 
and  the  fine  blades  and  leaves  will  all  be  saved. 
Kotbing  but  experience  can  dictate  when  hay  is  suffi- 
ciently cured  to  be  safely  stored  away  in  a  barn ; 
but  one  thing  is  certain,  that  nearly  all  the  hay  saved 
in  the  South  is  overdried  before  being  stored.  We 
would  rather  err  on  the  side  of  storing  a  little  too 
soon  than  leave  it  in  the  field  too  long.'  If  the  crop 
is  free  from  rain  or  dew  and  only  has  natural 
moisture  in  it,  it  will,  even  if  carried  a  little  too 
soon,  cure  out  in  the  barn  into  good  hay.  It  will 
heat  more  and  be  a  browner  color,  but  will  smell 
well  and  be'eaten  greedily.  If,  however,  it  be  stored 
in  the  barn  with  rain  or  dew  upon  it  it  will  heat  and 
spoil  and  may  burn  uj)  from  spontaneous  combus- 
tion. We  have  known  this  to  happen  and  have  seen 
many  stacks  and  mows  almost  Ijlack  when  cut  into 
after  cooling.     If  the  crop  is  to  be  stacked  out  of 


doors  put  up  in  a  large  stack,  rather  than  in  a  num- 
ber of  small  ones.  There  is  much  less  waste  from 
wciithcring  and  ttlie  hay  will  be  much  better  in 
(piality. 


FORAGE  CROPS. 

In  our  last  issue  we  wrote  at  some  length  on  the 
importance  of  forage  crops  as  adjuncts  to  the  suc- 
cessful conduct  of  every  farm,  and  gave  instructions 
for  the  proper  production  of  these  crops.  The  day 
has  long  gone  by  when  the  fodder  produced  by  the 
corn  crop  was  all  that  was  necessary  to  carry  the 
stock  of  the  farm  through  the  winter  and  when  even 
much  of  this  was  wasted.  Now  upon  nearly  every 
farm  there  is  need  for  the  production  of  special 
crops  for  feeding  the  live  stock,  and  this  ought  to 
l)e  the  case  everywhere.  Formerly  the  price  of  corn 
and  wheat  was  usually  at  such  a  level  as  that  the 
primary  object  of  farming  in  the  South,  or  rather 
planting,  for  there  was  little  real  farming,  was  the 
production  of  these  crops  and  tobacco  and  cotton 
as  sale  crops,  and  for  the  feeding  of  the  owner  and 
Ills  hands,  and  the  production  of  live  stock  and  beef, 
mutton  and  hog  meat  was  a  factor  regarded  as  of 
but  little  moment.  Now,  on  the  average  of  years,  tbe 
only  way  in  which  the  farm  can  be  run  profitably  is 
by  the  conversion  of  all  except  the  wheat,  tobacco 
and  cotton  crops  into  live  stock,  meat  and  butter 
products.  This  is  as  it  should  be,  for  no  farm  can 
he  maintained  in  a  state  of  fertility  on  which  the 
products  are  all  sold  off  in  their  unconverted  con- 
dition. The  use  of  commercial  fertilizers,  even  in 
the  enormous  quantities  which  ai-e  now  the  rirle  in 
tlie  South,  cannot  maintain  fertility,  much  less  re- 
store to  fertility  land  which  in  the  past  has  been 
farmed  in  the  inanner  formerly  the  rule  in  the  South. 
The  practice  of  this  system  of  planting  has  resulted 
in  the  thousands,  yea,  millions,  of  acres  of  galled 
and  wasted  land,  which  is  a  characteristic  of  the 
South.  The  work  of  the  present  and  future  genera- 
tions of  southern  farmers  is,  and  will  have  to  be,  the 
restoration  of  these  lands  to  more  than  their  pres- 
tine  fertility,  and  this  can  only  be  accomplished  by 
tlie  breeding,  rearing  and  feeding  of  live  stock  on 
every  farm.  Without  this  adjunct  the  production  of 
tiie  sale  crops  of  tobacco  and  cotton  must  diminish 
instead  of  increase,  and  the  wasting  of  our  lands 
must  continue.  It  is  a  fortunate  coincidence  that 
tile  time  when  this  change  has  become  imperative  is 
one  in  which  the  value  of  live  stock  has  reached  a 
figure  seldom  touched  in  the  past  and  when  the  free 
lands  of  the  West  have  ceased  to  be  a  constant  menace 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


373 


to  the  investment  of  capital  in  the  live  stock  busi- 
ness of  the  Eastern,  Southern  and  Middle  States. 
The  western  man  must  now  pay  for  the  lands  on 
which  his  stock  graze  and  thus  an  equality  of  con- 
ditions has  been  established  in  the  basic  factor  of  the 
problem.  The  eastern  and  southern  man  can  now 
go  into  the  production  of  stock  with  an  assurance 
that  if  properly  conducted  he  can  compete,  with  suc- 
cess, against  the  farmer  of  any  other  section  and 
witli  some  of  the  factors  in  the  problem  notably  in 
his  favor.  He  is  nearer  the  great  centers  of  popu- 
lation and  consumption  of  the  best  than  the  pro- 
ducers of  any  other  section,  and  these  have  enjoyed, 
and  are  likely  to  continue  to  enjoy  prosperity,  so 
that  they  have  become  capable  of  taking  at  a  profit 
all  that  can  be  poured  into  them  from  nearby 
points.  What  the  southern  farmer  now  needs  to  do 
to  ensure  a  share  of  this  prosperity  is  to  provide  an 
abundance  of  feed  so  that  he  can  keep  up  a  constant 
supply  of  these  products.  Climatic  conditions  arc 
such  in  the  South  that  he  can  produce  the  feeds  called 
for  to  meet  the  occasion  for  less  than  any  other  sec- 
tion of  the  country.  Here  he  can  make  two  crops  in 
I  he  year  of  these  feeds  as  against  the  one  of  less  value 
as  a  maker  of  bone,  flesh  and  meat  of  the  western 
and  northern  man,  and  he  can  at  the  same  time  re- 
store and  recuperate  the  wasted  fertility  of  his 
lands.  As  illustrative  of  this,  articles  iu  this  issue 
relate  how  farmers  in  two  difl'erent  sections  of  this 
State  have  already  made  and  housed  one  crop  of 
crimson  clover  hay  after  having  used  the  land  on 
which  it  was  grown  for  grazing  during  the  winter. 
This  land  can,  and  will,  now  go  into  corn  or  some 
other  forage  crop,  which  will  make  further  feed  for 
the  winter  and  can  then  be  followed  by  a  winter 
grazing  crop.  We  desire  to  see  this  practice  become 
the  rule,  instead  of  the  exception,  in  the  South. 
L.Tud  which,  iu  the  West  and  JSTorth  has,  from 
climatic  causes,  been  prevented  being  put  into  a  sum- 
mer crop,  must  perforce  now  wait  until  the  fall  be- 
fore it  can  be  seeded.  Here  it  can  be  yet  put  into 
crops  which  will  make  heavy  yields  of  the  most 
nutritive  feed  that  can  be  produced  and  be  improved 
in  the  process  for  planting  in  fall  crops.  We  would 
strongly  urge  that  advantage  should  be  taken  of  this 
bountiful  provision  of  nature  and  that  not  an  acre 
be  left  unseeded  with  some  crop.  The  indications 
now  are  that  unless  we  have  rain  quickly  crops  now 
seeded  are  likely  to  be  cut  short.  This  shortage  can 
easily  be  made  good  in  the  South  if  proper  eifforts 
are  made.  Let  cow  peas  or  cow  peas  and  sorghum 
or  millet  be  seeded  as  soon  as  the  land  can  be  got 
ready  for  theia.     They  can  be  so^vn  with  certainty 


of  maturing  sufficiently  to  make  good  long  feed  even 
up  to  the  end  of  July  and  make  a  heavy  hay  crop, 
whilst  rape,  rutabagas  and  turnips  can  be  sown  in 
July,  August  and  September  for  making  fall  and 
winter  feed,  and  crimson  clover  and  vetches  can  bo 
seeded  in  August,  September  and  October  for  winter 
grazing  and  spring  forage  and  hay  crops.  With 
such  a  variety  of  choice  yet  available  crops  there 
can  be  no  excuse  for  any  farmer  being  short  of  long 
feed  for  a  heavy  head  of  live  stock  during  the  winter, 
and  v,'e  are  satisfied  that  the  live  stock  to  be  fed  on 
these  and  the  grain  crops  of  the  fami  can  be  fed 
profitably. 


ALFALFA. 

From  the  numerous  inquiries  we  receive  as  to  this 
crop  it  is  quite  apparent  that  southern  farmers  do 
not  intend  longer  to  let  the  men  of  the  West  have  a 
monopoly  of  the  profits  to  be  made  from  the  use  of 
this  most  excellent  feed.  We  have  for  years  en- 
deavored to  interest  southern  men  in  this  crop,  but 
until  last  year  with  very  indiiferent  success.  We  are 
satisfied,  not  only  from  our  own  experience  with  it, 
but  from  reports  from  several  of  our  subscribers, 
that  there  is  no  Reason  whatever  to  doubt  its  success 
on  suitable  lands  in  this  and  the  adjoining  Southern 
States.  Within  a  few  miles  of  this  city  there  are 
several  large  fields  of  alfalfa  which  have  made  excel- 
lent crops  for  several  years.  The  great  difficulty 
which  has  to  be  enco\intered  in  securing  a  good 
stand  of  alfalfa  in  the  South  is  the  weedy  character 
of  our  lands.  Weeds  and  alfalfa  cannot  succeed  to- 
gether. The  first  thing  to  be  done  if  alfalfa  is  to 
be  attempted  is  to  get  rid  of  the  weeds.  It  will  be  a 
waste  of  seed  and  labor  to  attemj^t  to  secure  a  stand 
unless  this  is  done.  The  land  best  adapted  for  the 
crop  is  a  loam  soil  inclining  to  sand  or  gravel  and 
with  a  goodly  intermixture  of  clay.  Even  on  a  clay 
soil  it  may  succeed,  providing  the  subsoil  conditions 
are  favorable.  The  most  important  requisite  in  the 
subsoil  is  that  it  should  be  easily  penetrable  by  the 
roots,  that  it  should  be  deep  and  that  it  should  be 
moist,  but  at  the  same  time  free  from  stagiiant  water 
at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  Alfalfa  is  a  deep  rooting 
plant  and  to  succeed  must  have  opportunity  to  send 
down  its  roots.  Having  selected  suitable  land  the 
work  of  killing  out  the  weeds  should  be  imdertaken. 
This  may  be  best  accomplished  by  giving  the  field  a 
summer  fallow.  Plough  as  soon  as  possible  and 
harrow  finely  and  thus  encourage  the  sprouting  of 
the  weed  seeds.  When  a  growth  has  been  secured 
harrow  or  cultivate  on  a  hot,  dry  day  and  kill  out  the 


374 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[June 


crop  and  bring  np  further  seeds  to  sprotit,  which 
must  be  killed  in  like  manner.  Continue  this  work 
througli  the  summer  until  August,  when  the  land 
should  be  in  good  order  for  seeding,  and  should  then 
have  a  dressing  of  15  or  20  bushels  of  lime  to  the  acre. 
Some,  instead  of  giving  a  clean  summer  fallow,  pre- 
pare well  and  then  seed  heavily  with  cow  peas,  which 
act  as  a  smothering  crop.  The  peas  are  cut  for  bay 
and  tlien  the  surface  is  just  lightly  stirred,  say,  for 
t^vo  or  three  inches,  with  a  harrow  and  the  alfalfa  is 
seeded.  This  plan  has  succeeded  where  the  land  is  not 
too  full  of  weed  seeds.  If  the  land  is  not  in  a  good 
state  of  fertility  it  should  be  helped  with  400  or  500 
pounds  of  acid  phosphate  to  the  acre  and  the  young 
alfalfa  be  given  a  top  dressing  of  100  pounds  of 
nitrate  of  soda  to  the  acre  in  the  spring  following 
seeding  when  growth  is  just  starting.  After  a  good 
stand  is  secured  top  dressing  with  farm-yard  manure 
in  the  fall  and  winter  will  be  found  excellent  to 
maintain  the  stand,  or  bone  meal  may  be  used  for 
this  ptirpose.  The  best  time  to  seed  the  crop  is  in 
August  or  September  in  all  the  southern  country 
east  of  the  Blue  Ridge  and  south  of  the  Potomac. 
West  and  north  of  these  limits  it  should  be  seeded  in 
March  or  April.  The  seed — twenty-five  pounds  to 
the  acre — should  be  sown  broadcast,  half  being  sown 
one  way  and  the  other  half  across.  Cover  with  a 
light  harrow  and  roll.  The  first  year  no  crop  should 
l)e  taken  from  it,  but  it  should  be  cut  over  with  the 
mower  two  or  three  times  during  the  summer,  just 
clipping  off  the  tops  of  the  plants  and  leaving  the 
cuttings  as  a  mulch.  In  the  second  year  it  may  be 
cut  two  or  three  times,  according  to  growth,  each  cut- 
ting being  made  when  the  plants  are  coming  into 
l)loom.  Treated  in  this  way  the  crop  should  stand 
for  from  seven  to  ten  years,  yielding  each  year  two 
or  three  heavy  crops.  It  may  be  grazed  with  sheep, 
hogs  or  young  cattle  if  desired,  but  is  liable  to  cause 
bloat  in  cows  and  sheep.  Its  great  value  is  as  a  hay 
crop,  of  which  it  makes  one  of  the  richest  known 
and  the  heaviest  yield. 


"WORNOUT  LANDS." 

L'Jilor  Soiilhern  Planter: 

I  should  like  to  give  my  experience  with  a  piece 
of  so-called  "wornout  land,"  and  if  any  subscribers 
ha\e  any  such  land  and  will  work  it  as  I  did  they 
will  find  that  it  only  wants  to  be  cultivated  well  and 
be  fed  a  little  by  sowing  some  leguminous  crop  and 
ploughing  it  in  the  ground  to  become  fertile  again. 

T  purchased  a  tract  of  land  in  the  spring  of  1903, 


and  at  that  time  it  was  all  grown  up  in  small  pines, 
sassafras  bushes  and  other  shrubs.  I  cut  the  pines 
down  and  grubbed  the  hardwood  bushes  out  and 
burned  the  broomsedge  off.  Had  it  not  been  so  late 
in  the  spring  I  should  have  ploughed  the  broomsedge 
down,  but  at  that  time  it  wotild  not  have  had  suffi- 
cient time  to  rot  before  I  put  the  crop  in. 

After  I  had  the  land  all  clean  I  ploughed  it  from 
ten  to  twelve  inches  deep  with  a  good  two-horse  plow. 
I  finished  ploughing  about  the  middle  of  April  and 
then  let  it  lay  until  the  10th  of  May,  so  that  it  was 
well  settled.  I  then  ran  the  disc  harrow  over  it  both 
ways,  which  thoroughly  cut  the  sod ;  then  I  dragged 
it  level  and  was  ready  to  plant  my  corn,  and  this  I 
did  about  the  20th  of  May.  I  did  not  have  any  stable 
manure  to  put  on  it  and  I  did  not  use  any  chemical 
fertilizer,  for  I  do  not  think  it  pays  o«  corn. 

Some  of  my  neighbors  laughed  at  me  and  said  I 
was  throwing  my  work  away,  but  I  decided  to  give  it 
a  fair  trial  anyhow.  I  worked  the  corn  well  and  I 
liad  a  better  crop  even  than  I  expected,  which  proves 
lb  at  all  the  so-called  "wornout  land"  is  not  as  bad  as 
it  is  made  out  to  be. 

But  Avhen  land  is  only  half  ploughed  and  is 
crojiped  year  after  year  and  nothing  put  on  it,  one 
cannot  expect  much.  Land  to  produce  good  crops 
must  be  fed  occasionally,  and  the  best  and  cheapest 
way  is  with  legumes  and  plenty  of  manure.  Chemi- 
cal fertilizers  alone  will  not  tend  to  improve  land 
much,  for  land  to  become  fertile  must  have  plenty  of 
humus  in  it,  and  this  chemical  fertilizers  will  not  sup- 
ply. This  keeps  the  land  open,  prevents  it  from  bak 
ing  and  makes  it  resist  drought  much  better.  When 
land  is  de^'oid  of  htimus  a  good  way  to  begin — if  one 
wants  to  improve  it — would  be  to  sow  it  down  in 
peas.  Plough  the  land  deep  and  harrow  it  well ;  sow 
about  a  bushel  of  peas  per  acre  broadcast  and  if  a 
heavy  growth  of  vines  is  desired  apply  about  300 
pounds  of  acid  phosphate  per  acre.  It  is  best  not 
to  plough  the  peas  under  until  they  are  dry.  If  they 
are  ploughed  under  in  a  green  state  use  a  dressing  of 
lime.  Crimson  clover  is  also  a  very  good  crop  to 
turn  under  as  an  improver.  Now  is  a  good  time  to 
lay  the  foundation  for  a  good  corn  crop  next  year. 
The  land  that  is  not  being  cropped  this  year  and  is 
to  be  planted  in  corn  next,  should  be  sown  in  peas. 
This  can  be  done  as  late  as  the  middle  of  June  and 
these  can  be  turned  under  the  latter  pari:  of  Sep- 
tember and  the  same  land  sown  in  crimson  clover, 
which  can  be  cut  for  hay  about  the  10th  of  May  and 
the  land  be  planted  in  corn  by  the  last  of  the  month. 
Plough  the  land  deep,  harrow  it  until  it  is  in  good 
order,  then  harrow  it  again,  to  be  sure  it  is  all  right. 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


19030 

for  land  cannot  be  put  in  too  good  order.  This  pro- 
cess will  invariably  insure  a  good  crop  of  corn,  and 
if  it  were  kept  up  many  of  the  farmers  who  have 
plenty  of  laud,  but  think  it  is  too  poor  to  work,  would 
not  have  to  take  money  out  of  their  pockets — which 
they  hn\e  worked  hard  to  get — and  buy  feed  for  their 
stock  every  spring.  H.  J.  Rosbach. 

Ilannver   Qownty,    Va. 


375 


HINTS  ON  THE  CULTIVATION  OF  CORN. 

(A  pajier  read  before  the  Farmers'  Club  of  Glouces- 
ter county,  Va.) 

The  man  who  expects  success  as  a  corn  raiser 
should  begin  to  plan  his  crop  long  before  the  plant- 
ing season  arrives — the  longer  before  the  better. 

The  farmer  who  selects  his  field  at  haphazard 
about  the  1st  of  March,  and  only  allows  himself  two 
or  three  months  to  prepare  for  his  crop,  is  in  the 
class  with  the  man  who  tries  to  fatten  poor  cattle 
in  six  weeks. 

Stock  men  and  crop  farmers  practice  different 
methods  of  rotation,  etc.,  so  that  the  best  mode  of 
culture  for  corn  will  depend  upon  which  of  these  two 
classes  the  farmer  belongs  to. 

Generally  speaking,  the  stock  farmer  will  find  it 
most  profitable  to  use  an  old  pasture  field  for  corn. 
If  he  has  fed  such  concentrates  as  oil  meal,  cotton- 
seed meal,  etc.,  in  connection  with  the  pasture  and 
top  dressed  the  sod  with  barn-yard  manure  during 
the  feeding  season,  he  is  pursuing  an  ideal  method 
for  raising  heavy  crops  of  corn  and  maintaining  or 
increasing  fertility  of  soil. 

The  cropper  is  a  man  with  intensive  methods.  His 
favorite  mode  of  preparing  land  for  corn  is  to  take 
it  through  a  course  of  improving  legumes,  such  as 
cow  peas,  Soja  (soy)  beans  and  the  clovers,  often 
depending  upon  commercial  fertilizers  to  assist  these 
nitrogen-gathering  plants  in  their  work  of  soil  im- 
provement. 

If  you  want  to  raise  corn  with  success  and  profit 
take  at  least  two  years  in  which  to  build  up  the  fer- 
tility of  the  land  where  the  corn  is  to  be  raised. 

A  combination  of  cow  peas  or  Soja  beans  and 
crimson  clover  or  rye  with  plenty  of  ploughing,  har- 
rowing and  fining  of  the  soil  will  always  jsay  big  re- 
turns, both  in  a  corn  crop  and  in  permanent  benefit 
to  the  soil. 

In  o\w  section,  where  the  great  Bermuda  grass  is 
king,  I  have  always  practiced  deep  cultivation  of 
corn,  but  only- — and  this  is  all  important — while  the 
corn  is  a  small  plant  with  little  root  development. 
As  soon  as  corn  is  up  so  that  the  row  can  be  followed 


I  use  a  double  worker  cultivator  with  four  shovels, 
each  six  inches  wide  and  thirteen  inches  long.  With 
this  implement  I  give  the  corn  two  deep,  thorough 
workings  in  quick  succession,  tearing  up  Bermuda 
root  and  branch.  After  this  I  use  an  "Iron  Age" 
cultivator  with  small  teeth,  keeping  the  surface  of 
the  ground  as  thoroughly  stirred  as  possible  as  long 
as  corn  can  be  worked. 

Now,  a  word  about  seed  corn :  Every  farmer  who 
gets  hold  of  a  heavy-yielding  variety  of  corn  that 
suits  his  soil  and  is  satisfactory  for  feeding  or  sale, 
should  hold  on  to  it,  raise  his  own  seed  and  try  to 
improve  it,  rather  than  to  be  constantly  trying  new 
varieties  of  seed,  some  of  which  are  sure  to  be 
failures. 

Seed  corn  should  be  raised  on  a  plot  of  select  land 
far  enough  away  from  any  other  corn  to  pre^-ent 
mixing. 

It  should  be  planted  in  cheeks  four  feet  each  way 
and  be  carefully  thinned  to  two  stalks  per  hill. 
After  the  corn  tassels  it  should  be  thinned  a  second 
time,  all  stalks  that  are  barren  or  of  inferior  growth 
being  cut  out. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  to  a  logical  mind  that 
barren  and  inferior  stalks,  in  fertilizing  healthy  and 
prolific  stalks,  injure  the  quality  of  the  ear  which 
they  bear. 

If  seed  corn  be  carefully  selected  and  bred  in  this 
manner,  put  on  rich,  kind  soil  and  carefully  culti- 
vated, it  is  sure  to  iiuprove  from  year  to  year. 

Gloucester  county,  Va.  N.  S.  Hopkins. 


SORGHUM  AS  A  DRY-WEATHER  CROP. 

Editor  Sontheni  Planter: 

We  are  having  the  dryest  time  now  I  have  seen  for 
a  long  time.  It  has  not  rained  since  the  night  of 
the  3d  of  this  month  (May).  During  the  winter  and 
spring  we  had  so  much  rain  that  the  groimd  became 
thoroughly  packed,  and  all  lands  anyway  stiff  are 
very  hard  and  dry.  We  cannot  jilough  at  all,  and 
many  farmers  have  planted  but  little  corn  and  the 
ground  is  so  hard  that  they  cannot  now  plough  at 
all,  consequently  the  time  for  making  corn  and 
forage  is  going  to  be  very  short.  The  spring  oat 
crop  must  be  a  failure,  which  will  cut  us  off  again 
in  forage.  We  will  have  to  look  around  for  some 
means  to  meet  the  coming  demand  for  feed.  I  don't 
know  of  a  more  reliable  crop  for  that  purpose  than 
sorghum  if  it  rains  enough  to  allow  j^loughing  in  the 
next  thirty  days.  Bj-  planting  and  sowing  a  good 
lot  of  sorghum  we  may  meet  the  demand,  for  it  will 
stand  more  dry  weather  than  corn  and  makes  a  better 


376 


THE  SOUTHERiX  PLAKTER. 


[Juue 


class  of  forage.  I  have  fed  on  it  all  winter  and  am 
yet  feeding  it  and  my  horses  are  looking  very  well. 
It  makes  at  least  twice  as  much  per  acre  as  corn 
fodder.  If  you  sow  it  and  peas  together — one  bushel 
each  per  acre — it  makes  most  excellent  hay. 
Henrico  county,  Va.  Country. 


'TIGS   IN   THE   PEANUT    PATCHES'— CRIMSON 
CLOVER. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

We  have  often  heard  of  "pigs  in  clover,"  but  down 
here  in  Eastern  Virginia  we  find  '"pigs  in  peanut 
patches''  in  the  fall  of  the  year.  The  peanut  is 
planted  in  May  and  ploughed  oiit  in  October  and 
November,  before  the  frost  has  cut  the  vines. 

In  digging  it  is  expected  that  from  2  to  5  per 
cent.,  or  even  more,  of  the  nuts  are  broken  off  the 
vines  and  remain  in  the  ground. 

The  i)ig,  who  is  as  fond  of  peanuts  as  the  small 
boy,  industriously  roots  the  ground  all  over  for  the 
scattered  nuts  and  rapidly  fattens  on  this  oily  food. 

If  killed  when  he  comes  off  from  the  peanut  patch 
the  meat  is  soft  and  oily,  and  has  a  "peauutty"'  flavor 
to  it,  which  is  obviated  by  feeding  corn  a  few  days 
prior  to  killing.  If  allowed  to  run  in  the  peanut 
field  from  the  1st  of  JSTovember  to  the  middle  of  De- 
cember and  then  fed  corn  for  a  few  days  the  pigs  are 
in  fine  shape  to  kill,  and  such  meat  so  made  or  fat- 
tened, is  much  more  palatable  and  much  healthier 
then  the  thicker,  fatter,  hotter,  corn-fed  pork  of  the 
West. 

The  thrifty  farmer  can  sow  a  few  acres  in  crimson 
clover  in  August,  September  or  October  and  turn  his 
pigs  on  the  same  and  let  them  gi-aze  until  the  middle 
of  April  following,  putting  rings  in  their  noses  to 
keep  them  from  rooting  out  the  clover.  Taking  them 
off  about  the  middle  of  April,  the  clover  springs  up 
and  grows  rapidly,  and  in  twenty-five  to  thirty  days 
thereafter  he  can  plough  the  clover  under  and  plant 
peanuts,  or  corn,  or  sweet-potatoes  on  the  same  land 
the  same  season. 

I  recently  visited  a  farmer— on  the  12th  day  of 
May.  On  the  20th  day  of  April  preceding  he  had 
taken  the  pigs  off  from  the  crimson  clover,  which 
was  then  twenty  inches  tall  and  in  full  bloom — grow- 
ing twenty  inches  in  twenty-two  days. 

This  farmer  saves  a  little  strip  of  his  crimson 
clover  to  ripen  fully  and  then  pounds  out  the  seed 
for  the  ensuing  crop  and  sows  it,  chaff  and  all,  thus 
securing  his  clover  seed  at  practically  no  cost  at  all ; 
and  in  sowing  it  with  the  chaff  he  "secures  a  better 


and  a  more  even  stand  than  when  he  uses  the  cleaned 
seed  from  the  store  at  $3  or  $4  per  bushel. 

Ploughing  under  the  bulk  of  the  crimson  clover 
crop  in  May  he  plants  the  land  to  peanuts,  so  that 
between  the  four  and  one-half  months  winter  grazing 
on  the  clover  and  the  six  weeks  fattening  on  the  pea- 
nut crop,  the  pigs  make  good  use  of  the  land,  while 
the  owner  gets  a  profitable  crop  of  peanuts. 

With  such  opportunities  here,  and  such  advantages 
in  the  way  of  raising  and  fattening  pigs,  it  hardly 
seems  necessary  for  this  seaport  to  call  upon  the 
great  West  for  at  least  10,000,000  pounds  of  pork 
per  year. 

It  is  not  only  possible,  but  entirely  practicable  and 
feasible,  to  make  pork  here  cheaper  than  at  the  West. 
It  will  not  only  be  cheaper,  but  it  will  be  healthier. 

y^e  would  like  to  see  pigs  in  every  peanut  patch 
and  in  every  clover  patch  in  Eastern  Virginia. 

Norfolk,  Va.  A.  Jeffees. 


FERTILIZERS  IN  A  DRY  SEASON.  1 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

It  is  sometimes  claimed  that  dry  weather  is  fatal 
to  fertilizers — that  is,  that  fertilizers  will  show  an 
effect  only  in  good  seasons.  There  is  no  foundation, 
in  fact,  for  this  idea.  As  a  rule,  fertilizers  are  not 
used  intelligently.  The  special  plant-food  needs  of 
the  crop  are  not  considered,  and  in  a  dry,  unfavor- 
able season  the  foraging  power  of  a  plant  is  greatly 
lessened,  so  that  it  is  nearly  impossible  for  it  to  make 
good  any  plant-food  deficiencies  in  the  fertilizer  by 
searching  the  soil  for  same. 

]\IaTly  experiments  have  been  made,  showing  the 
effect  of  a  well-balanced  plant-food  mixture  imder 
conditions  of  severe  drought,  one  of  which  we  give 
here  somewhat  in  detail.  This  experiment — on 
corn — was  made  by  Mr.  Charles  H.  Rogers,  of  Col- 
leen, ISTelson  county,  Va.  The  soil  was  thin,  worn 
and  sandy  and  with  a  red  clay  subsoil.  Under  best 
conditions  no  very  heavy  crop  could  be  expected 
from  such  soil  with  such  improvement  as  one  year's 
thorough  treatment  could  effect.  The  drought,  set- 
ling  in  early  in  June,  was  so  severe  that  the  stalks 
of  the  crop  were  practically  valueless  as  fodder, 
while  the  yield  from  the  unfertilized  soil  was  prac- 
tically nothing,  being  five  bushels  to  the  acre  only. 

The  experiment  was  made  with  three  plots,  one 
of  which  Avas  iinfertilized.  Plot  2  was  treated  with 
xhe  equivalent  of  1,000  pounds  per  acre  of  a  ferti- 
lizer testing  4  per  cent,  ammonia,  8  per  cent,  avail- 
able phosphoric  acid  and  6  per  cent  potash — a  for- 
mula  particularly   suitable  to   com   on   light  soils. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


37  7 


Air.  Rogers  reports  that  the  effect  of  the  fertilizers 
was  noticed  from  the  start,  but  was  materially 
checked  by  the  drought.  A  third  plot  was  planted, 
receiving  the  same  amount  of  phosphoric  acid  and 
ammonia  as  Plot  2,  but  no  potash,  which  was  left 
out  from  the  fertilizer  in  order  to  show  what  potash 
would  produce  if  added  to  the  mixture,  as  in  Plot  2. 

The  results  in  gTain  showed  Plot  2  to  have  pro- 
duced an  increase  of  twenty  bushels  to  the  acre  and 
Plot  3  an  increase  of  ten  bushels.  This  settles  the 
question  of  the  crop-making  power  of  fertilizers  in 
bad  seasons.  It  also  throws  considerable  light  \ipon 
the  quality  of  effective  fertilizers  for  grain  crops  on 
thin,  worn  soils.  By  omitting  potash  from  the  fer- 
tilizer the  yield  was  reduced  nearly  one-half,  and 
this  under  most  unfavorable  conditions. 

Moore  county,  JV.   C.  Bryan   Tysox. 


BERMUDA  GRASS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

In  the  May  issue  of  the  Planter  there  appeared 
an  article  from  J.  S.  N'ewman,  South  Carolina.  He 
seems  to  favor  propagating  Bernuida  grass.  For 
my  part  I  want  none  of  it.  It  may  be  all  right  to 
plant  Bermuda  if  no  other  crop  is  desired  on  the 
same  farm,  or  adjoining  farms.  I  had  rather  buy  a 
farm  matted  all  over  with  wire  than  one  well  set  to 
Bermuda. 

I  suppose  his  way  of  propag'atiou  is  good,  except 
after  it  gets  a  start  it  would  be  an  advantage  to 
l)lough  in  deep  with  a  turn  plow  everv  spring,  as 
the  more  it  is  ploughed  the  better  it  grows.  In  this 
part  of  the  country  it  pays  a  farmer  to  stop  and  up- 
root a  piece  of  "wire  grass,"  no  matter  how  great  his 
hurry.  Tkugker. 

Hanover  county,  Va. 

We  fulh'  realize  the  objection  of  a  "Trucker"  to 
Bermuda  grass.  On  an  arable  farm  or  in  a  garden 
we  know  of  no  greater  pest,  but  as  a  pasture  for 
stock  in  a  hot  climate  it  is  the  best  that  can  be  had 
and  more  valuable  than  the  finest  Kentucky  blue- 
grass.  There  are  thousands  of  acres  in  the  South 
that  ought  to  be  covered  with  it  and  then  we  could 
graze  cattle  and  sheej)  with  any  country  in  the 
world,  and  instead  of  galls  and  gullies  should  have 
a  beautiful  green  sod  in  the  hottest  weather. — Ed. 


THE  VALUE  OF  LEGUMINOUS  CROPS. 

Editor  Sovlhern  Planter: 

I  send  you  under  another  cover  a  bunch  of  what  is 
called  here,  a  filth,  "cotton  top"  or  "woolly  head" 
clover.     Where  I  got  the  enclosed  it  has  been  grow- 


ing for  about  nine  or  ten  years,  and  nothing  seems 
to  exterminate  it.  I  have  gro^vn  two  successive  crops 
of  corn  on  the  land  and  for  two  other  seasons  a  crop 
each  of  pea  hay  and  crimson  clover.  I  send  it  to 
show  you  the  tubercles  on  the  roots,  though  the  plant 
is  not  yet  half  matured.  The  other  is  what  we  call 
"partridge  pea,"  growing  on  the  same  land.  On 
this  plant  the  tubercles  are  very  small,  but  more  in 
iiumber.  Before  this  land  took  in  these  plants — 
about  the  time  (or  year  after)  I  sowed  it  first  to 
crimson  clover — it  was  dead  poor  and  would  pro- 
duce about  seven  and  a  half  bushels  corn.  I  have 
had  it  recently  to  yield  fifty  bushels  per  acre.  I 
have  never  seen  a  piece  of  land  improve  so  rapidly 
as  this  has  done.  At  first  I  thought  my  "cotton  top" 
a  nuisance,  but  have  decidedly  changed  my  mind. 
Richmond  county,  Va.  A.  C.  Fishee. 

This  communication  strongly  illustrates  the  im- 
portance of  a  knowledge  of  botany  by  farmers.  These 
two  i^lants — the  so-called  "cotton  top,"  which  is 
really  a  clover,  and  the  so-called  partridge  pea,  which 
is  a  vetch — are  both  members  of  that  great  family 
of  legumes  which  are  the  truest  friends  of  the  farm- 
ers. All  the  clovers,  the  peas,  the  beans,  alfalfa, 
sainfoin,  lupines,  etc.,  belong  to  this  family  of  plants 
and  are  all  capable  of  taking  from  the  atmosphere 
nitrogen,  which  forms  one  of  the  greatest  constitu- 
ents of  the  air  and  which  is  in  itself  one  of  the  most 
needed  sources  of  plant  food.  This  they  do  by 
means  of  tubercles,  which  form  on  the  roots,  and 
are  the  homes  of  microlies,  which  assimilate  and  ren- 
der available  this  nitrogen  for  plant-food.  x\bsence 
of  this  knowledge  leads  farmers  frequently  to  de- 
stroy their  best  friends  in  the  shape  of  jjlauts,  which 
work  for  them  without  fee  or  reward.  No  doubt 
thousands  of  acres  of  this  so-called  "filth,"  "cotton 
top"  and  "partridge  pea"  have  been  ruthlessly  de- 
stroyed as  pestiferous  weeds  in  the  South,  which,  if 
left  alone,  would  have  made  these  acres  fertile  and 
valuable.  Their  persistence  in  growth,  notwith- 
standing persecution,  is  a  wonderful  illustration  of 
the  efforts  of  nature  to  clothe  the  earth  with  verdure 
and  to  make  it  profitable  for  cultivation  by  man. 
Like  "dirt,"  which  has  been  defined  as  being  "sim- 
ply matter  out  of  place,"  plants  of  this  character 
are  sometimes  troublesome  in  other  crops,  but  their 
natural  growth  ought  to  be  encouraged  by  utilizing 
the  land  for  such  crops  as  those  in  which  their  per- 
sistence will  only  enhance  the  yield  and  quality  of 
the  crop,  like  the  grasses,  clovers  and  other  forage 
crops.  When,  by  the  continued  production  of  these 
crops,  the  land  has  been  filled  with  humus  and  fer- 
tility, then  it  may  profitably  be  brought  again  int" 
cultivation  for  other  crops  like  corn,  wheat,  tobacivt 


378 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[Juue 


and  cotton,  and  these  be  grown  in  a  proper  system 
of  rotation  with  the  clovers,  peas  and  beans,  and  thus 
the  fertility  be  maintained. — Ed. 


ENQUIRERS'  COLUMN. 

Enquiries  should^be  sent  to  the  office  of  The  Southern  Plan- 
ter, Richmond,  Va.,  not  later  than  the  15th  of  the  month  for 
replies  to  appear  in  the  next  month's  issue. 


Covering  Cow  Peas— Cow  Peas  and  Corn. 

Please  let  us  known  how  cow  peas  should  be  cover- 
ed when  sown  broadcast.  Simply  to  say  sow  broad- 
cast is  very  indefinite  to  us  folks  up  here  near  the 
mountains,  where  such  things  have  never  been  culti- 
vated. Let  us  know  if  oats  or  corn  could  not  be 
so^vll  with  cow  peas  to  advantage  as  a  forage  crop  for 
hay.  I  see  one  of  your  writers  on  this  subject  ad- 
A^ises  planting  cow  ])eas  iu  each  hill  of  corn.  If  vou 
think  this  is  advisaljle,  please  give  variety  best  suited 
for  such  ]>lantiug.  Would  it  either  help  or  injure 
the  corn  crop  '.  W.  L.  Richards. 

Fauquier  Co.,  Ya. 

When  sown  broadcast  cow  peas  should  be  covered 
either  l>v  harrowing  or  by  working  them  in  with  a 
cultivator.  A  cultivator  makes  the  best  work,  es- 
pecialy  a  Disc  cultivator. 

Corn  maj-  be  sown  with  cow  peas,  but  we  prefer 
to  use  sorghmu  as  making  a  beter  hay  feed.  In  this 
issiie  you  will  find  information  as  to  sowing  cow  peas 
with  corn  for  silage  or  fodder. — Ed. 


Lettuce  Growing. 

I  want  to  ask  you  a  few  questions  alxtut  lettuce 
growing.  I  want  to  plant  in  fall  for  late  winter  and 
early  spring  shipping.  A\'Tien  ought  I  to  sow  seed, 
and  what  kinds  are  best  I  How  much  fertilizer 
should  I  use  to  the  acre,  and  how  much  seed  must  I 
sow  ?  Tom  E.  Person. 

"Wayne  Co.,  N.  C. 

The  lettuce  seed  for  providing  the  plants  for  the 
winter  crop  should  be  sown  about  the  middle  of  Sep- 
tember.  Sow  on  a  rich,  fresh  bed  and  as  soon  as  the 
plants  are  big  enough  to  handle  they  should  be  set 
out  in  frames,  if  wanted  for  a  very  early  market,  or 
in  the  open  ground  for  the  spring  market.  The  soil 
iu  which  they  are  set  out  sliould  be  well  worked,  and 
be  made  rich  with  a  fertilizer  having  about  6  per 
cent,  of  ammonia,  4  per  cent,  of  phosphoric  acid,  and 
8  per  cent,  of  potash.  This  may  be  made  of  300 
pounds  of  nitrate  of  soda,  800  pounds  of  cotton  seed 
meal,  GOO  pounds  of  acid  phosphate  (13  per  cent), 
and  300  pounds  of  muriate  of  potash  to  make  a  ton. 
1  se  alx)Ut  700  to  1,000  pounds  to  the  acre.     ^Vs  let- 


tuce seed  is  very  fine  and  light,  an  ounce  or  two  of 
seed  will  grow  a  great  quantity  of  plants.  The  best 
varieties  for  the  winter  crop,  when  grown  in  frames, 
is  the  Boston  Market.  For  the  open  ground  the  best 
variety  is  All-the-Year-Round.  When  grown  in 
frames  the  plants  should  have  plenty  of  air  given  at 
all  times  in  the  day  when  the  weather  is  mild,  but  be 
closed  at  nisht. — Ed. 


Cough  in  Hogs. 

What  is  good  for  hogs  that  cough  a  good  deal '. 

Warren  Co.,  Va.  W.  S.  Weaver. 

Give  the  hogs  some  linseed  oil  in  their  food,  say, 
half  a  pint  for  each  hog.  Follow  this  with  half  a  tea- 
spoonful  of  nitrate  of  potash  for  each  hog  in  the 
drinjiinff  water  once  or  twice  a  week. — Ed. 


Cress  Salad. 

1  should  be  greatly  obliged  if  you  can  give  me 
some  light  on  how  to  kill  cress  salad.  I  have  a 
forty -acre  field  iu  wlieat  that  is  over  three-fourths 
salad,  and  where  the  salad  is  there  is  very  little  wheat 
and  in  some  places  not  any  at  all.  If  I  fallow  this 
land  deep  in  the  fall  so  as  to  cover  up  the  seed  several 
inches,  will  this  prevent  it  from  coming  o\it  in  the 
following  spring?  Please  give  me  some  information 
and  suggest  a  remedy.  Thos.  B.  Davis. 

Greene  Co.,  Va. 

As  soon  as  the  wheat  is  harvested  plough  the  land, 
turning  a  thin  furrow,  and  then  harrow  aud  clean 
off  all  the  weeds  and  trash  which  works  on  to  the 
surface,  and  either  burn  or  carry  it  to  the  barn-yard 
to  make  manure.  This  should  get  rid  of  the  cress 
plants  before  the  seed  has  ripened.  Then  to  rid  the 
land  of  the  seed  already  in  the  soil  work  over  with 
the  disc  cultivator  and  induce  the  seeds  to  germi- 
nate, and  as  they  do  so  kill  the  plants  out  by  harrow- 
ing on  a  hot  day.  Repeat  this  several  times  during 
the  summer  aud  you  will  get  rid  of  the  trouble.  To 
wait  until  fall  before  attacking  the  pest  is  simply  to 
give  it  the  opportunity  to  make  and  fill  the  land  with 
more  seed,  which  sooner  or  later  will  come  again 
sufficiently  near  the  surface  to  germinate  and  trouble 
vou  again. — Ed. 


Veterinary  Colleges. 

Will  you  please,  in  your  next  month's  Plaxtek, 
state  which  are  the  best  veterinary  colleges  in  this 
country  and  Canada,  and  what  the  expenses  would 
be,  and  the  length  of  time  it  woud  take  a  man  to 
graduate;  also  the  best  hospitals  where  a  man  can 
work  after  leaving  the  college.  M.  Wise. 

Accomac  Co.,  Va. 

We  are  not  able  to  give  vou  the  information  asked. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEE. 


379 


There  is  a  good  college  in  Xew  York  and  one  in 
Canada,  but  we  do  not  know  the  address  of  either. 
If  you  would  write  the  President  of  the  Agricultural 
College,  Ithaca,  X.  Y.,  and  the  President  of  the  Agri- 
cultural College,  Guelph,  Ontario,  Canada,  these  gen- 
tlemen would  no  doubt  give  you  the  information  you 
seek. — Ed. 


Cow  Peas  as  Improvers— Compost. 

1.  I  have  a  piece  of  land,  about  two  acres,  that  is 
very  poor ;  would  not  bring  more  than  four  or  five 
bushels  of  corn  per  acre.  Would  it  pay  to  sow  the 
same  to  cow  peas,  using  an  8-2-2  fertilizer,  say  500 
pounds  per  acre ;  the  vines  to  be  turned  imder  next 
fall  and  the  place  seeded  to  oats  and  grass  ? 

2.  Where  can  I  get  a  book  on  intensive  farming 
and  truck  gardening  ? 

3.  I  can  get  any  quantity  of  pine  mould  out  of 
which  to  make  compost,  which  is  the  best  way  to 
handle  it  ?  Haul  it  out  during  fall  and  winter  and 
spread  broadcast  on  the  land,  with  lime  spi-ead  over 
that  and  iurned  under,  or  pile  it  up  about  on  the  land 
in  a  layer  of  mould  and  a  layer  of  lime  and  let  lay  all 
winter,  turning  at  times,  and  then  broadcast  during 
spring  and  turn  under  ?  A  Subsceibee. 

Mecldenhurg  Co.,  Ya. 

1.  Yes.  It  would  undoiibtedly  pay,  but  we  would 
apply  400  pounds  of  acid  phosphate  to  the  acre,  in- 
stead of  the  mixed  fertilizer.  It  would  cost  less  and 
be  more  effective.  Turn  the  vines  imder  after  they 
are  dead,  and  not  when  full  of  moisture. 

2.  We  can  supply  you  with  Robert's  book  on  the 
Eertility  of  the  Land,  which  teaches  how  to  make  the 
land  rich  and  thus  permits  of  intensive  farming,  and 
Oehmler's  book  on  truck  crops.  The  price  of  the 
first  is  $1.25  and  the  second  $1.00. 

3.  Spread  the  woods  mould  on  the  land  broadcast 
and  the  lime  on  this  and  then  plough  both  under. 
No  advantage  is  gained  by  mixing  and  composting 
them. — Ed. 


3.  Goats  will  eat  almost  anything,  but  we  cannot 
say  positively  that  they  will  eat  these  weeds.  They 
do  seem,  however,  to  prefer  weeds  to  grass  and  clover. 
■  4.  We  think  Shropshires  would  do  better  in  your 
section  than  Dorsets,  and  they  woiild  give  more 
mutton  and  wool.  Dorsets  are  pre-eminently  winter 
lamb  raisers. — Ed. 


Plants  for  Name. 

Enclosed  find  two  plants  I  found  growine  in  front 
of  our  home.  You  will  please  state  what  they  are; 
^v•hat  kind  of  land  they  gi'ow  best  on,  and  where  I  can 
secure  seed  for  the  same.  I  admit  I  do  not  take  the 
Plaistee^  but  I  hope  this  will  not  cause  you  not  to 
publish  this,  for  I  read  my  friends'.  I  assure  you 
it  will  be  greatly  appreciated.. 

Lenoir  Co.,  N.  C.  W.  Gloss  West. 

We  cannot  identify  the  plants  from  the  two  sprigs 
sent.  To  enable  us  to  do  so  we  must  have  the  whole 
plant,  root  and  flower.  One  appears  to  be  some  kind 
of  clover,  the  other  we  do  not  know  at  all.  We  think 
enquirers  might  at  least  take  the  journal,  when  it 
only  costs  50  cents  a  year,  before  asking  us  to  give 
them  information.  It  would  only  be  a  small  recom- 
pense for  our  labor. — Ed. 


Sheep  Sorrel— Sheep. 

1.  Will  sheep  eat  sheep  sorrel? 

2.  What  are  best  methods  of  killing  it  ? 

3.  Will  Angora  goats  eat  paw-paw,  yellow  dock  or 
sheep  sorrel  ? 

4.  What  breed  of  sheep  do  you  think  best  adapted 
to  this  section,  one  which  will  produce  both  wool  and 
mutton  <     How  about  the  Dorsets  ? 

Lee  Co.,  Va.  T.  M.  King. 

1.  No,  not  unless  pinched  hard  with  hunger. 

2.  Make  the  land  rich,  so  that  better  plants  will 
grow  on  it  and  crowd  out  the  sorrel.  It  is  an  indica- 
tion of  poverty  of  soil. 


Crimson  Clover. 

Will  you  be  so  kind  as  to  inform  me,  through  your 
paper,  what  time  to  sow  crimson  clover?  I  have 
just  read  a  letter  in  the  Plantee  from  C.  F.  Day,  in 
regard  to  crimson  clover  as  being  a  arood  fertilizer 
as  well  as  for  grazing.  I  live  in  Eastern  North 
Carolina,  and  we  don't  sow  anything  of  the  kind. 
I  have  some  sandy  land  that  will  make  from  15  to  20 
bushels  of  corn  per  acre,  and  wo^ild  be  glad  to  im- 
prove it  by  sowing  clover,  if  you  think  that  kind  of 
land  will  grow  it.  E.  C.  Morton. 

Onslow  Co.,  N.  C. 

The  land  you  describe  will  grow  crimson  clover. 
Sow  the  seed  at  any  time  from  August  to  October  at 
the  rate  of  fifteen  pounds  to  the  acre  if  seeded  alone, 
or  if  in  mixture  with  oats  or  wheat,  which  we  ad- 
vise, at  the  rate  of  ten  pounds  of  clover  and  half  a 
bushel  of  grain.  Sow  broadcast  and  cover  with  a 
light  harrow. — Ed. 


Gasoline  Engine. 

Will  you  kindly  advise  me,  through  your  columns, 
as  to  what  you  think  of  a  2}  H.  P.  gasoline  engine  be- 
ing sufiicient  to  run  a  24-inch  wood  saw  and  a  No.  11 
Cyclone  feed  cutter  ?  The  engine  I  have  reference  to 
is  the  Weber  Engine.  Do  you  think  I  could  run 
either  machine  to  fair  advantage  with  2|  H.  P.  en- 
gine ?     Would  said  engine  give  as  much  or  less  power 


380 


THE  SOUTHEliX  PLANTER. 


rJune 


than  five  horses  on  sweep  power  (  The  mamifac- 
tnrer  fits  this  engine  with  8-inch  drive  pullev.  Xow, 
what  effect  would  it  have  on  the  driving  power  of  en- 
gine to  fit  it  with  a  14-inch  rmlley  <  I  want  just  as 
cheap  an  engine  as  I  can  get  to  do  niv  work,  as  it  will 
have  to  stand  idle  most  of  the  time.  I  just  want  it 
for  my  own  use,  and  not  to  do  custom  work. 

Durham,  N.  C.  J.  Tuos.  Hicks. 

We  doubt  very  much  whether  a  two  and  a  half 
horse-power  engine  will  do  the  work  you  describe. 
The  nominal  power  of  a  gasoline  engine  is  practi- 
cally its  actual  power  and  not,  as  is  the  case  with  a 
steam  engine,  only  about  half  the  actual  [jower.  A 
three  horse  sweep  horse-power  would  not  run  the 
machines  you  mention.  You  should  have  at  least  a 
four  hoi-se  engine.  Increasing  the  size  of  the  driving 
]iulley  would  not  give  you  more  power.  A  large  fly- 
wheel on  it  might  help,  but  this  would  be  straining 
the  other  parts  of  the  engine.  Get  a  guarantee  from 
the  maker  wlicn  you  purchase,  that  the  engine  you 
buy  will  drive  the  machines  you  name. — Ed. 

Asparagus  Growing. 

Will  you  kindly  give  me  full  and  complete  instruc- 
tion as  to  the  best  manner  and  mode  of  ptitting  out, 
handling  and  marketing  an  acre  of  asparagus  on 
good  land,  well  drained,  and  mellow  i  Would  you 
advise  white  or  green  asparagus  for  the  Washington 
market,  and  what  variety  would  advise  planting .' 
What  is  an  average  crop  per  acre  ?  X." 

Westmotr.land  Co.,  Va. 

The  rows  should  be  set  out  six  feet  apart  across  the 
field.  Take  a  j)low  and  throw  out  as  deep  a  furrow  as 
possible  in  the  line  of  the  row.  Then  break  the  subsoil 
and  throw  it  o\it  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  row  to  that 
on  which  the  surface  soil  has  been  thrown.  Clean  out 
tlie  furrow  well  so  as  to  make  the  bottom  of  the  row 
at  least  eighteen  inclies  below  the  surface.  Then  take 
some  of  the  surface  soil  and  fill  into  the  row  to  the 
depth  of  six  inches.  If  this  soil  is  not  fairly  rich  it 
should  have  some  bone  meal  and  cotton  setd  meal 
mixed  with  it,  say,  300  or  400  pounds  of  each  to  the 
acre.  The  rows  are  now  ready  for  the  plants.  These 
should  be  2-year-old  plants  and  should  be  set  out 
eighteen  inches  or  two  feet  apart  in  the  row.  The 
plants  should  be  put  out  as  soon  as  received  from  the 
growers,  as  they  are  very  susceptible  to  injury  when 
kept  long  out  of  the  ground.  Cover  the  plants  as 
they  are  set  with  two  or  tliree  inches  of  the  surface 
soil  and  make  them  firm  in  the  rows.  The  soil  taken 
out  of  the  bottom  of  the  row  should  then  be  spread 
over  the  laud  l)etween  the  rows.  This  work  of  plant- 
ing the  bed  sliould  be  done  in  the  early  sprinff,  sav. 


March  or  April.  Xothing  further  need  be  done  to 
the  crop  until  fall,  bej-ond  keeping  down  all  weeds. 
In  the  fall  after  the  stalks  have  matured  cut  them 
off  and  burn  them  and  cover  each  row  of  plants  with 
a  heavy  mulching  of  farm-yard  manure.  Let  this 
lay  all  winter  and  then  in  spring  cover  this  with  two 
or  three  inches  of  soil  and  work  the  land  between 
the  rows  and  keep  the  whole  field  clear  of  weeds 
during  the  summer.  Xo  crop  should  be  cut  the  first 
year  after  planting.  In  the  fall  clean  off  the  stalks 
and  again  cover  with  mantire  and  soil.  In  the  early 
spring  work  the  land  over  the  rows  and  between  them 
fine  and  cover  the  rows  with  a  foot  of  soil.  This  will 
give  you  white  asparagus,  which  is  that  mostly  called 
for  in  the  markets.  The  shoots  should  be  cut  with 
a  loug-bladed  knife  as  soon  as  the  tips  come  through 
the  soil.  Put  up  in  bunches  of  fifty.  A  machine  is 
sold  for  bunching  asparagus,  which  can  be  had  from 
imijlement  dealers  and  hardware  merchants.  If 
green  asparagus  is  desired  do  not  cover  the  bed  with 
the  foot  of  soil  and  let  the  stalks  grow  until  long 
enough  for  bunching  before  cutting.  There  is  very 
little,  if  any,  difference  between  two  or  three  of  the 
jirincipal  varieties  as  to  quality  or  yield.  Either 
Conover"s  Colossal  or  Palmetto  are  good  varieties. 
The  crop  depends  mainly  on  the  richness  of  the  land. 
We  saw  the  other  day  that  a  grower  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Charleston,  S.  C,  had  this  year  made  a  clear 
profit  of  $5,000  from  100  acres  of  asparagus. — Ed. 

Barn  Building. 

I  ask  for  advice  in  reference  to  building  a  barn.  I 
recall  seeing  in  a  recent  issue  of  the  Plaxtee  a 
reference  to  a  barn  of  modern  construction,  in  which 
no  heavy  timbers  were  tised.  the  heaviest  being  only 
two  inches  in  thickness.  I  have  never  seen  a  build- 
ing of  this  kind,  and  would  like  to  know  something 
of  it.  I  would  be  glad  if  the  editor  or  any  of  the 
readers  of  the  Pi^a.n  tee  would  advise  me  after  I  have 
made  known  my  wants.  I  want  a  barn  to  accommo- 
date six  head  of  horses  and  twice  that  number  of 
cattle,  with  ample  room  for  forage  and  small  grain 
crops.  I  have  a  fairly  good  crib  for  corn,  but  would 
like  to  have  at  least  one  small  room  for  corn.  If 
possible,  I  would  like  to  have  a  sixteen  feet  ground 
space  or  circle  on  whicli  to  erect  a  Wright  horse 
power,  to  run  my  cutting  knife  and  pea  thresher.  I 
also  want  to  use,  as  far  as  possible,  the  timljers  of 
my  old  barn  in  constructing  the  new  one.  The  di- 
mensions of  my  old  barn  arc  as  follows :  30  feet  long 
X  L'4  feet  wide,  length  of  studding,  12  feet  A  pas- 
sageway 10x24  feet  runs  across  the  barn.  The  comb 
of  roof  runs  with  the  length  of  barn ;  rafters  cut  by  a 
square  mitre.     Across  the  ends  and  one  side  there  is 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


381 


a  shed  ten  feet  wide,  length  of  studding  under  lower 
plate,  8  feet.  These  sheds  are  weatherboarded  and 
have  'a  loft  six  feet  from  the  ground.  The  body  of 
the  barii  is  divided  into  six  stalls,  three  on  each  side 
of  the  passage.  The  timbers  and  weatherboarding 
of  this  baru  are  pretty  good,  but  the  roof  is  rotten. 
I  am  not  wedded  to  a  barn  of  any  particular  kind  or 
.pattern,  but  have  thought  I  would  like  a  square  or 
octagon  shape  or  pattern.  I  would  like  a  narrow 
walkway  around  the  stalls  for  convenience  in  feed- 
ing, where  the  grain  or  feed  boxes  could  be  construct- 
ed" and  where  the  forage  could  be  thrown  from  the 
loft  within  reach  of  the  stock.  I  have  not  decided 
whether  to  cover  with  shingles  or  some  of  the  various 
jtalented  roofling  materials  on  the  market.  Would 
like  to  be  advised  on  this  point.  I  would  like  for 
the  building  to  be  as  inexpensive  as  possible,  with  all 
tiio  conveniences  that  can  be  had  at  a  small  outlay  in 
cost.  H.  Q.  Alexandee. 

Mecklenburg  Co.,  N.  C. 

3Ir.  Joseph  E.  Wing,  of  Mechanicsburg,  0.,  has 
published  a  little  pamphlet  giving  full  instructions 
for  building  the  frame  barns  referred  to.  Send  for 
copy.  We  can  supply  a  book  on  Barn  plans,  contain- 
ing a  large  number  of  illustrations  of  barns  and  other 
farm  buildings,  which  would  probably  enable  the 
enquirer  to  decide  \ipou  the  one  he  needs.  The  price 
is  $1.00.  We  shall  be  glad  if  any  of  our  subscribers 
will  give  the  enquirer  the  benefit  of  their  experience 
in  barn  building.  If  plans  are  submitted  we  will 
publish  same. — Ed. 


Broken  Cow  Peas. 

With  cow  peas  threshed  in  a  grain  separator  is 
there  any  ^vay  by  which  the  broken  peas  can  be  sepa- 
rated from  the  whole  ones  ?  Is  there  a  market  value 
for  broken  peas '(  When  25  per  cent,  of  the  peas  are 
broken,  what  is  their  relative  value  compared  with 
whole  ones  ?  X.  Y.  Z. 

Weslinoreland  Co.,  Vci. 

By  rimning  the  peas  through  a  fanning  mill  and 
carefully  regulating  the  blast  the  broken  peas  can  be 
separated  from  the  whole  ones.  The  damage  has 
been  done  by  running  the  separator  too  fast.  We  be- 
lieve that  feed  dealers  buy  the  broken  peas,  as  we 
know  they  often  have  them  on  sale  for  chicken  feed. 
We  could  not  undertake  to  place  a  value  on  such  a 
sample.     Submit  same  to  a  dealer. — Ed. 


Teocinte. 


makes  a  heavy  yield  of  forage,  growing  much  like 
corn,  but  stools  heavily  from  the  root  when  cut  and 
thus  can  be  cut  a  second  time.  It  will  not  mature 
seed  north  of  the  Gulf  States  nor  make  a  crop  of  feed 
north  of  the  James  river.  It  is  excellent  for  cutting 
for  green  feed  and  can  be  cured  like  corn  fodder. — 
Ed. 


"Subscriber"    desires    further    information    as    to 
teocinte.     Is  it  a  sorghum  or  a  grass  ? 

Teocinte  is  a  tropical  or  semi-troi^ical  grass.     It 


Japan   Clover. 

There  is  considerable  pasturage  of  Japan  clover  in 
this  locality,  and  people  here  are  largely  of  the  opin- 
ion that  it  is  good  to  stay  and  of  advantage  in  fatten- 
ing cattle  on  poor  laud,  but  that  it  is  not  milk  pro- 
duciug  and  will  run  a  cow  dry  if  kept  much  upon  it. 
My  two  cows,  Jersey  and  Devonshire,  got  in  tine  hx 
upon  it  last  summer,  but  failed  rapidly  in  their  milk. 
Was  the  Japan  clover  the  cause?  They  had  a  very 
light  feed  of  meal  and  wheat  bran  at  milking,  not 
housed  until  late  fall.  Devon  was  a  stripper,  Jersey 
was  fresh  in  July  with  her  third  calf.  Pray  oblige 
by  reply  in  next  issue  of  paper. 

Transylvania  Co.,  N.  C.  A  Sn-BSCKiBER. 

We  have  never  before  heard  any  complaint  as  to 
Japan  clover  being  unsuitable  for  milch  cows.  On 
the  other  hand,  we  have  heard  a  number  of  farmers 
who  keep  large  herds  of  milch  cattle  speak  highly  of 
it.  The  composition  of  the  plant  as  disclosed  by 
analysis  is  almost  exactly  the  same  as  red  clover,  and, 
therefore,  it  may  be  presumed  to  be  an  excellent  feed 
for  either  milk  or  meat  making. — Ed. 


Hen  Manure— Prevention  of  Lice  in  Hen  Roost. 

1.  I  want  to  know  the  manurial  properties  of  hen 
house  dung.  How  much  is  it  safe  to  apply,  es- 
pecialy  in  a  garden  '< 

2.  I  have  a  chicken,  hatched  blind,  what  can  I  do 
for  him?  My  prevention  for  mites  (lice)  on  fowls 
in  fowl  houses  is  simple.  I  have  tried  it  with  good 
results  for  two  years.  I  use  sasafras  poles,  unpeeledj 
for  roosts.  The  lice  avoid  these.  I  have  never  seen 
a  chicken  louse,  though  mites  are  in  abundance  and 
mighty  annoying.  James  Joyne. 

Berhlcy  Co..  8.  C. 

1.  Hen  manure  (fresh)  contains  1.10  per  cent, 
of  nitrogen,  0..56  per  cent,  of  potash  and  0.85  per 
cent,  of  ijhosphoric  acid.  Horse  manure  contains 
0.41  per  cent,  of  nitrogen,  0.35  per  cent,  of  potash 
and  0.17  per  cent,  of  phosphoric  acid.  A  ton  of  hen 
manure  would  contain  about  22  pounds  of  nitrogen, 
11  pounds  of  potash  and  17  pounds  of  phosphoric 
acid.  A  ton  of  horse  manure  contains  about  9  pounds 
of  nitrogen,  7  pounds  of  j^otash  and  3  pounds  of 
pliosjijioric  acid.     Tiie  hen  manure  is,  therefore,  as 


382 


THE  SOUTHEKX  PLA:sTEK. 


[June 


you  will  see,  more  than  twice  as  valuable  as  plant- 
food  as  horse  manure  and  is  better  balanced,  though 
still  has  nitrogen  in  excess.  Ejiowing  these  propor- 
tions and  having  this  comparison  you  can  judge  for 
yourself  as  to  how  much  you  should  apply.  The 
effect  of  a  good  supply  of  nitrogen  in  a  fertilizer  is 
to  stimulate  leaf  and  stalk  gro\rth,  hence  nitrogen 
is  valuable  in  a  garden  fertilizer,  as  it  forces  rapid 
growth  of  the  leaves  and  stalks  of  the  vegetables. 
The  phosphoric  acid  in  a  fertilizer  conduces  to  the 
formation  of  seed  and  fruitage,  whilst  the  potash  is 
mainly  valuable  as  improving  the  quality  of  the  seed 
and  fruit. 

2.  It  is  verj-  doubtful  if  you  can  do  anj^hing  for 
the  chicken,  and  unless  it  is  of  a  valuable  pure  breed 
it  is  not  worth  the  attempt.  We  have  known  a  case 
where  the  eye  itself  was  perfect,  but  the  lid  had  no 
division.  In  this  case,  when  the  lid  was  cut  across 
from  side  to  side,  the  chicken  could  see.  If,  how- 
ever, when  the  lid  was  cut  the  eye  itself  was  found 
defective  no  good  would  result.  What  you  call  mites 
are  lice.- — Ed. 


Cow  Peas  in  Corn. 

I  would  like  to  have  j-our  advice  as  to  whether  or 
not  it  will  pay  to  sow  peas  in  a  corn  field  when  work- 
ed the  last  time  at  $1.25  per  bushel,  to  gather  for 
peas  and  to  improve  the  land  ? 

Pittsylvania  Co.,  Va.  T.  J.  Hubbaed. 

Yes.  We  have  always  advised  this  course  and 
believe  the  advice  sound.  The  peas  are  worth  all 
they  cost  as  improvers  of  the  land. — Ed. 


Cement  Walls  for  an  Ice  House. 

Please  state  if  a  cement  wall  would  be  better  in  an 
ice  house  than  one  made  out  of  wood. 

SUBSCEIBEE. 

Yes;  cement  makes  an  excellent  wall  for  an  ice 
house.  It  maintains  a  more  equable  temperature  and 
will  last  forever. — Ed. 


Moisture  stored  in  the  soil  seems  to  do  the  crops 
more  good  than  when  it  falls  as  rain  during  the  grow- 
ing season.  This  indicates  that  it  is  desirable  to  get 
the  ground  thoroughly  moist  and  then  cultivate  it  so 
as  to  conserve  this  moisture. 


When  corresponding  with  advertisers,  kindly  men- 
tion the  Southern  Planter. 


THE  GROWING  BUDS  AND  GRAFTS. 

Buds  of  apple,  peach,  cherry,  etc.,  which  were  put 
on  in  budding  time  last  fall,  will  now  be  beginning 
growing  if  the  work  was  successful.  But  sprouts 
from  the  stock  (which,  of  course,  was  cut  off  two  or 
three  inches  above  the  bud  in  March)  will  also  be 
growing ;  and  these  latter,  being  in  perfect  connection 
with  the  stock  will  attract  the  life-giving  sap  largely 
to  themselves,  and  rob  the  bud.  Attention  will  be 
needed  from  time  to  time,  in  order  to  prevent  this. 
These  sprouts  must  be  broken  off  every  week  or  two, 
taking  special  care  not  to  injure  the  bud  in  the  opera- 
tion. Frequently  there  will  be  six  or  eight  sprouts 
above  and  below  the  bud,  completely  hiding  it  from 
sight,  and  without  watchfulness  the  bud  may  be 
broken  off  and  all  the  previous  labor  lost ;  and  worse 
than  this,  there  may  be  the  loss  of  the  only  living 
bud  of  the  particular  kind — some  new  variety  per- 
haps, obtained  with  much  trouble  and  expense;  as 
has  occurred  more  than  once. 

The  only  safe  plan  is  to  look  the  bud  up  the  first 
thing,  before  breaking  off  a  single  sprout;  then  by 
keeping  an  eye  on  the  bud,  and  handling  carefully, 
it  will  not  be  injured. 

Sometimes  the  work  is  overlooked  until  the  sprouts 
are  three  or  four  inches  long,  in  which  case  it  might 
be  too  much  of  a  check  to  the  tree  to  take  all  off  at 
once.  The  best  plan  would  be  to  take  off  all  that  are 
above  the  bud,  on  the  stub  (as  the  stub  is  to  be  cut  off 
in  July),  and  pinch  off  an  inch  or  two  of  the  points 
of  those  below  the  bud;  then  at  the  next  sprouting 
(in  a  week  or  ten  days)  all  the  sprouts  can  be  rubbed 
off,  leaving  the  bud  in  full  possession. 

Grafts  set  in  spring  will  require  the  same  care: 
only  the  sprouts  will  be  less  numerous,  though  hardly 
less  injurious. — E.  J.  B.,  in  Xaiioiml  Stocl-man. 


HALF-DONE  WORK  IS  ALWAYS  WASTEEUL. 

The  extravagance  and  waste  of  doing  work  badly 
are  most  lamentable.  We  can  never  overestimate  the 
value,  in  a  successful  life,  of  an  early  formed  habit 
of  doing  everj-thing  to  a  finish,  and  thus  relieving 
ourselves  of  the  necessity  of  doing  things  more  than 
once.  Oh,  the  waste  in  half-done,  careless,  patched 
work  I 

The  extravagance  and  loss  resulting  from  a  slip- 
shod education  is  almost  beyond  computation.  To  be 
under  the  necessity,  all  tlirough  one's  life,  of  patch 
ing  up,  of  having  to  do  over  again,  half-done  and 
botched  work,  is  not  only  a  source  of  terrible  waste, 
but  the  subsequent  loss  of  self-respect  and  life  is  also 
verv  great. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHER]Sr  PLANTER. 


383 


Trucking,  Garden  and  Orchard. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH. 

June  is  one  of  the  busiest  months  in  the  year  for 
the  trucker  and  gardener.  The  shipping  and  market- 
ing of  the  fall  and  early  spring  planted  crops,  the 
ciiltivation  of  the  later  planted  crops,  and  the  plant- 
ing and  cultivation  of  the  crops  to  ripen  in  the  fall 
must  all  proceed  at  once,  and  if  any  of  these  are  neg- 
lected loss  must  ensue.  In  addition  to  all  this  work, 
where  strawberries,  raspberries  and  other  small  fruit 
are  grown,  these  are  now  ripe  or  ripening,  and  must 
be  gathered  and  marketed. 


AV'hen  shipping  fruit  or  vegetables  to  market,  see 
that  care  is  taken  to  have  them  cooled  off  before 
crating  and  cull  them  closely  so  that  the  crop  may 
be  creditable  to  the  gi*owt5r.  Keep  ,the  different 
grades  of  fruit  and  j^roducts  sepai'ate,  and  mark  each 
shijjment  ''first,''  "'second"  or  "culls,"  as  the  case  calls 
for.  In  this  way  much  better  prices  can  be  realized. 
See  that  all  baskets,  crates  and  packages  are  clean 
and  the  products  packed  in  them  attractively.  More 
than  one-half  of  the  profit  may  be  easily  lost  by  neg- 
lecting these  points. 

Successional  croj3s  of  beans,  peas,  corn,  melons, 
canteloupes,  cucumbers,  squashes,  peppers,  tomatoes 
ant  egg  plants  should  be  set  out  and  the  earliest 
planted  ones  should  have  frequent  cultivation  to 
stimulate  their  growth  and  keep  down  weeds.  The 
hot,  dry  weather  we  have  had  in  May  has  largely 
hindered  groAvth,  and  only  repeated  cultivation  can 
save  the  crops  unless  we  have  rain.  Keep  the  ground 
covered  with  a  mulch  of  some  kind.  A  dry  dust 
mulch  is  as  effective  as  any.  As  soon  as  we  have 
rain  a  dressing  of  nitrate  of  soda,  say  150  pounds  to 
the  acre,  will  infuse  life  into  the  crop  again,  and  set 
it  to  growing.  Apply  when  the  plants  are  dry,  broad 
cast.  A  vigorous,  quick  growth  will  tend  to  prevent 
damage  by  insects,  and  in  this  way  nitrate  of  soda 
acts  as  an  insecticide. 


Look  out  for  potato  bugs,  and  see  that  they  have  a 
good  dressing  of  Paris  green  before  they  have  injured 
the  crop.  If  there  are  any  indications  of  blight  on 
tlie  Irish  potatoes  give  them  a  spraying  or  two  with 
Bordeaux  mixture.  Even  if  no  blight  be  seen,  the 
spraying  will  be  of  advantage.  In  an  experiment 
made  last  year  in  Xew  York  State,  spraying  seven 


times  with  Bordeaux,  at  a  cost  of  about  $10  per  acre, 
gave  an  increased  yield  of  123i  bushels  of  potatoes, 
and  three  sprays  increased  the  yield  98-t  bushels. 
\Aniere  both  the  early  and  late  blight  were  absent  from 
the  crops  on  Long  Island,  spraying  seven  times  gave 
a  gain  of  4.5  biishels  per  acre,  and  spraying  three 
times,  a  gain  of  7f  bushels. 


When  setting  out  tomato  plants,  plant  a  hill  of  corn 
every  few  yards.  The  worms  will  take  the  corn  be- 
fore the  tomatoes,  and  when  on  the  corn  it  can  be 
pulled  and  fed  to  stock,  and  thus  the  tomatoes  bo 
saved  from  injury.  Mustard  sowed  between  the 
rows  of  cabbage  and  other  plants  of  the  same  family 
will  save  them  from  the  attacks  of  terrapin  bugs. 
These  will  crowd  on  the  mustard,  which  can  then  be 
destroyed  by  sprinkling  with  kerosene.  Melons  and 
cantaloupes  can  be  largely  saved  from  the  attacks  of 
the  melon  louse  by  dusting  them  when  wet  with  bone 
meal.  ji 


C'ucumbers  for  pickles  should  now  be  set  out. 
There  is  a  large  demand  for  this  crop,  and  it  is 
usually  a  profitable  one.  Plant  them  in  hills  3  or  4 
feet  apart,  and  fertilize  liberally  with  a  fertilizer 
having  about  5  per  cent,  ammonia,  7  per  cent,  phos- 
phoric acid,  and  8  per  cent,  potash.  The  cucumbers 
can  be  put  up  in  brine  as  picked,  and  then  be  sold 
when  all  the  crop  is  gathered,  if  not  near  enough  to  a 
market  to  sell  as  picked. 


Harvest  the  fall  planted  onions  as  soon  as  they 
ripen.  Pull  and  leave  on  the  ground  until  dry,  then 
cut  off  tops  and  sell  at  once.  They  do  not  keep  well, 
but  usually  sell  well  before  the  spring  planted  crop 
comes  on  the  market. 


Old  strawberry  beds,  if  not  intended  to  be  plowed 
up  ajid  new  ones  planted,  which  is  best  after  the 
second  year,  may  be  renovated  by  mowing  off  the 
foliage  and  burning  it,  thus  destroying  all  insects 
and  blight.  The  rows  should  then  be  barred  off  with 
the  plow,  and  the  plants  be  thinned  out  with  the  hoe, 
and  all  weeds  be  destroyed.  Then  plow  Ijack  the  soil 
and  cultivate  the  middles. 


Celery  seed  may  be  sown  during  this  month  fm 
plants  to  set  out  in  July  and  August.     Make  the  b  -l 


384 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[June 


Hue  and  rich,  and  let  it  be  in  a  moist,  cool  location. 
Sow  the  seed  thinly,  rake  in  and  water,  and  ther 
cover  with  brush  or  mats  to  keep  in  the  moisture. 
It  is  slow  to  germinate  usually  and  often  fails  alto- 
gether unless  kept  shaded  and  moist.  When  germi- 
nated gradually  remove  the  shading. 


ORCHARD  AND  GARDEN  NOTES. 

EfJilor  Suutltern  Flanlcr: 

Strawberry  vines  will  need  much  attention  this 
month.  All  runners  should  be  kept  in  the  row,  so 
that  room  for  cultivation  between  the  rows  will  be 
available.  After  the  crop  of  fruit  is  gathered  the 
leaf  rust  is  apt  to  do  serious  damage.  If  this  dis- 
ease should  be  found  doing  serious  damage  it  is  a 
good  idea  to  mow  otf  the  old  foliage  and  when  it 
dries  place  a  few  leaves  or  straw  over  the  bed  and 
.burn  everything.  The  fire  will  injure  some  plants 
if  the  ground  is  dry,  hence  it  is  better  to  burn  when 
the  ground  is  moist.  After  this  burning  the  ground 
should  be  well  cultivated.  New,  vigorous  foliage 
will  soon  come  up.  This  foliage  should  be  sprayed 
with  bordeaux  mixture  to  prevent  the  leaf  rust  ap 
pearing  again. 


The  raspberry  canes  will  need  attention  also  this 
mouth.  Pinch  the  ends  of  the  young  canes  off  so 
that  they  will  branch  and  1)C  more  stocky.  We  like 
for  the  caucus  to  grow  about  three  feet  high. 


It  is  quite  probable  that  a  large  per  cent,  of  the 
apples  will  have  to  bo  thinned  this  year  to  make  the 
fruit  large  and  fine.  If  the  trees  overload  them 
selves  this  year  they  are  not  likely  to  bear  a  good 
crop  next  year.  But  thinning  will  be  a  difficult  job 
on  many  of  the  large,  tall  trees.  There  will  be 
many  water  sprouts  come  out  on  the  younger  trees 
These  should  be  looked  after  closely. 


bagc.  This  is  the  most  important  crop  of  cabbage 
for  the  farmer,  ilany  times  the  plants  are  set  too 
early  in  the  season  for  this  crop,  and  the  winter  cab- 
bage frequently  rots  or  is  seriously  damaged  by  the 
heads  bursting  in  the  early  fall.  Of  course,  this  can 
be  partially  prevented  by  loosening  the  roots  of  the 
cabbage  in  fall,  but  the  best  plan  is  not  to  plant  the 
fall  crop  too  early. 


Keep  the  cultivators  going  in  the  orchard  and 
garden.  The  trees  will  need  much  moisture  to  ma- 
ture their  fruit.  If  gress  and  weeds  come  up  they 
should  be  mowed  off  closely.  None  should  be  al- 
lowed to  ripen  seed. 

I  notice  in  many  instances  where  cow  peas  are 
sowed  in  the  orchard  the  vines  are  allowed  to  climb 
u]i  on  the  young  trees  and  do  great  damage.  If  dry 
weather  should  continue  all  such  crops  should  be 
mowed  and  let  fall  upon  the  ground  to  make  mulch. 

Plants  should  be  set  owi  for  fall  and  winter  cal)- 


Since  the  last  issue  of  the  Planter  was  published 
I  notice  that  the  Board  of  the  Virginia  Polytechnic 
Institute  has  asked  for  $20,000  to  build  and  equip 
an  Agricultural  Building  for  the  Departments  of 
Agriculture,  Horticulture  and  Veterinary  Science. 
Such  a  small  amount  put  into  such  a  building  for 
the  State  would  be  a  shame  and  a  disgrace — $50,000 
would  lie  little  enough.  I  have  helped  to  erect  and 
equip  a  building  for  the  Departments  of  Agriculture 
and  Horticulture  at  an  Agriculture  and  Mechanical 
( 'ollege  which  cost  $34,000.  Even  then  we  did  not 
have  enough.  It  must  be  remembered  that  such  a 
building  is  to  be  used  for  two  widely  different  kinds 
of  work — for  teaching  and  for  investigation.  The 
college  work  will  run  nine  months  and  the  station 
work  twelve  months.  We  do  not  want  to  see  this 
work  placed  in  the  background  any  longer  at  this 
institution.  We  do  uot  want  the  ''play  of  Ilamlet 
with  Hamlet  left  out."  The  equipment  for  agricul- 
ture and  related  branches  should  be  the  best  of  all 
the  technical  branches,  as  was  originally  intended 
when  the  colleges  were  endowed.  It  is  utterly  use- 
less to  try  to  attract  students  to  such  a  course  with  a 
poor  equipment,  and  a  good  equipment  is  necessary 
f(ir  good  station  work  as  Svell. 

Tliere  is  mtich  room  for  needed  improvement  along 
these  lines.  We  are  sorry  to  see  the  small  sum  of 
$20,000  asked  for  to  build  and  equip  a  buildiug  for 
the  most  important  industrial  interests  of  the  State. 
Broader  ideas  in  the  minds  of  those  who  think  such 
a  small  sum  sufficient  to  represent  such  important  in- 
terests are  sadly  needed.  We  hope  such  a  small  sum 
will  never  be  appropriated.  Eifty  thousand  dollars 
is  small  enough.  R.  II.  Pjjice. 

Montgomery  rounii/. 


PLANTING  TREES  WITH   A  CROWBAR. 

Tiie    Stringfellow    Method. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

New  discoveries  have  been  made  in  modern  times 
in  the  use  of  steam  and  electricity  and  in  the  prac- 
tice of  agriculture  and  the  mechanical  arts ;  so  it  will 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHE  RN  PLAXTER. 


38s 


uot  do  to  say  the  Stringfellow  '"new  horticulture"  is 
a  humbug  aud  a  lolly.  Xew  and  valuable  things 
have  been  discovered,  aud,  accordiug  to  Wendell 
Philips,  many  of  the  old  arts  have  been  entirely  lost. 

Some  able,  experience  orehardists  ha\e  become 
converts  to  the  Stringfellow  method  of  tree  plant- 
ing, and  ilr.  S.  himself  is,  no  doubt,  a  vei"y  intelli- 
gent gentleman.  Mr.  M.  Crawford,  of  Ohio,  says : 
"If  the  new  horticulture  is  sound,  and  it  certainly 
is,  the  sooner  fruit  growers  find  it  out  the  better." 
-Mr.  Hilchiugs,  another  experienced  orchardist,  has 
adopted  the  system,  and  1  understand  that  Mr.  H. 
W.  (ollingwood,  the  editor  of  the  Rural  iSTew 
"Worker,  has  planted  nearly  1,500  trees  by  this 
method  and  says  his  success  has  been  so  great  he 
would  never  2)lant  trees  any  other  way. 

Some  trees,  like  the  willow,  will  grow  from  a  piece 
of  the  limb  stuck  into  the  gTound,  but  I  know  from 
trial  that  they  will  grow  quicker  when  small  trees 
are  planted  with  their  roots  left  on.  Everybody 
knows  that  a  large  tree  will  not  gi-ow  when  trans- 
plated,  except  it  is  taken  up  with  a  great  ball  of 
earth  containing  most  of  its  roots.  There  are  two 
modes  of  doing  work  practiced  in  this  world.  The 
one  is  to  do  it  extremely  well  and  the  other  is  to  only 
half  do  it.  Work  well  done  always  pays  the  best  in 
tile  long  run. 

The  endeavor  to  save  labor  is  all  right,  provided 
the  less  labor  produces  just  as  good  results ;  but  this 
is  the  question  in  dispute. 

Every  intelligent  farmer  knows  that  to  raise  large 
crops  of  grain,  grass,  vegetables,  flax,  hemp,  cotton 
or  tobacco  the  ground  must  be  prepared  by  plough- 
ing, harrowing  and  rolling  to  make  it  as  mellow  as 
possible  before  planting,  so  that  the  roots  of  the 
plants  can  penetrate  it  easily  and  quickly  in  all  direc- 
tions, embrace  the  tine  particles  of  soil  and  es.- 
tract  the  nourishment  the  plants  must  have  to  grow 
luxuriantly  and  produce  good  crops.  There  is  no 
plant  or  herb  we  can  think  of  that  will  not  grow  and 
produce  better  in  a  well  prepared  soil  than  in  un- 
ploughed  ground.  Corn  has  been  raised  on  the 
prairies  by  chopping  through  the  sod  with  an  axe 
and  planting  the  seed,  but  the  planter  only  raised 
a  meager  crop,  lie  did  uot  expect  much,  and  was 
not  disappointed.  If  the  roots  of  all  plants  of 
which  we  have  knowledge  thrive  best  in  a  mellow 
soil,  why  not  the  roots  of  fruit-trees^  Have  they 
any  miraculous  poMcr  not  shared  by  the  roots  of 
other  growing  things  to  penetrate  a  compact  soil, 
luade  more  solid  by  the  jabbing  of  the  crowbar  to 
make  the  hole  for  the  tree's  insertion  ? 

They  tell  us  of  a  case  where  a  cherrvstoue  was 


(Ir'ippe<l  into  the  crack  of  a  big  rock  aud  grew,  it  was 
watered  and  tlie  roots  spi'ead  and  split  the  rock  itself. 
Was  there  uot  a  great  waste  of  energy  in  making 
those  cherry-tree  roots  split  the  big  rock  i  How  much 
quicker  aud  farther  those  roots  would  have  extended 
ill  a  mellow  soil,  and  how  much  quicker  the  tree 
would  have  grown  and  produced  fruit  (  The  String- 
fellow converts  admit  that  for  the  lirst  two  or  three 
years  the  growth  above  ground  of  the  Stringfellow 
trees  is  quite  inferior  to  those  planted  in  the  old 
way.  Some  orehardists  who  tried  the  new  method, 
owing  to  the  slow  growth  of  the  trees,  became  dis- 
gusted, pulled  them  up  and  threw  them  away. 

A  soil  made  mellow  by  ploughing  or  spading  will 
absorb  and  retain  more  of  the  rain  water  for  the 
support  of  the  young  tree  in  dry  weather  than  when 
planted  in  solid  ground. 

The  efforts  of  wise  faxmers  have  always  been  to 
get  their  young  stock  growing  fast  at  the  beginning 
of  life  and  to  keep  them  growing.  They  also  strive 
to  have  their  plants  and  trees  start  off  vigorously  at 
the  commencement  of  existence.  Mr.  Crawford 
says:  "At  the  time  of  planting,  the  top  and  roots 
should  be  cut  back,  reducing  the  tree  almost  to  a 
cutting."  Certainly,  if  the  roots  are  cut  off  the  top 
must  be  also,  but  that  seems  like  barbarous  treat- 
ment. The  experience  of  the  Avorld  in  all  ages  has 
been  against  this  Stringfellow  method.  Analogy 
opposes  it,  reason  condemns  it,  but  nothing  will  con- 
vince these  men  that  the  method  is  wrong  so  long  as 
the  trees  will  grow. 

Trees  strive  very  hard  to  live.  The  Chinese 
dwarf  small  pine-trees  by  constantly  cutting  off  their 
roots  until  they  are  willing  to  grow  in  a  flower  pot, 
like  house  plants.  If  only  allowed  to  live,  they  are 
willing  to  live  without  growth.  This  is  not  the  way 
pine-trees  should  be  planted  to  make  ship  masts  and 
l"iuber.  J.  W.  Ingham. 


FRUIT  PROSPECTS  IN  VIRGINIA. 

We  have  received  the  following  reports  from  or- 
ehardists in  this  State  as  to  the  prospects  for  fruit: 

The  out  look  for  fruit  in  this  section  (eastern 
lopes  of  Blue  Eidge  in  Albemarle  county)  at  present 
date  is  that  a  far  larger  quantity  of  peaches  escaped 
the  frosts  in  April  than  was  at  first  expected,  the  set 
now  shows  early  varieties,  a  very  heavy  crop,  so  much 
that  in  many  cases  the  trees  have  more  than  they  can 
properly  bear.  All  varieties  ripening  up  to  end  of 
•July  are  set  heavy.  A\igust  peaches  (Elberta,  Moun- 
tain Rose,  etc.)  suffered  more,  but  there  are  no  trees 


386 


THE  SOUTHEKX  PLAJfTEK. 


[June 


without  peaches.  October  peaches,  such  as  Bilyeu's 
Comet,  are  well  set,  in  some  of  the  more  sheltered  or- 
chards there  are  large  crops  throughout.  Pippins 
show  for  a  good  crop,  have  set  well  and  are  sticking. 
Jied  apples  in  many  cases  appear  to  be  dropping  con- 
siderably, at  present  Winesap  indicates  to  average 
lialf  a  crop,  Limbertwig,  Ben  Davis,  Winter  Cheese, 
etc.,  are  well  set  in  some,  and  very  short  in  other 
orchards.  York  Imperial  seems  to  have  failed. 
There  are  lots  of  summer  apples.  Practically  no 
cherries  escaped.  Xo  pears,  a  fair  crop  of  plums, 
the  more  delicate  Japan  varieties,  such  Abundance, 
Burbank  and  Wickson  have  failed,  but  there  are  good 
crops  of  Red  June,  Wild  Goose,  Ogon,  etc.  Straw- 
berries, all  the  blooms  out  at  time  of  frost  were  kill- 
ed, but  later  blooms  are  ripening  a  heavy  crop. 
.Albemarle  Co.,  Ya.  W.\lter  Whately, 

Secretary  State  Horticultural  Society. 


Very  conflicting  reports  of  the  condition  of  the 
fruit  are  given.  As  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  inves- 
tigate myself,  I  think  in  our  section  there  will  be  half 
a  crop  of  peaches,  very  few  pears  and  cherries,  the 
largest  winter  apple  crop  we  have  had  for  years,  too 
many  on  the  trees.  The  earlier  apples  are  not  so 
'heavy.  Japan  plums  light,  hardier  varieties  and 
damsons  very  heavy.  Samuel  B.  Woods, 

Fresident  State  Horticultural  Society. 

Albemarle  Co.  Va., 


Imperial  grows  here  lo  perfection,  and  many  young 
orchards  are  set  entirely  with  this  variety.  All  stone 
fruits  have  been  destroyed  with  \is.  We  may  have 
some  few  pears.  The  strawberry  is  only  a  half  crop. 
Augusta  Co.,  Va.  David  O'Koek. 


Replying  to  your  favor  of  recent  date,  inquiring 
as  to  prospects  for  fruit  in  this  section,  I  will  say 
that  there  are  a  few  peaches  and  plums,  a  good  crop 
of  damsons.  Of  the  apples,  early  varieties  are  a 
failure — Winesaps  a  light  crop  and  Pippins  a  full 
crop.  Wm.  H.  Boaz. 

Albemarle  Co.,  Va. 


There  will  be  a  full  crop  of  apples,  both  siunmer 
and  winter.  About  one-fifth  of  a  crop  of  peaches; 
some  cherries;  no  pears,  and  about  half  a  crop  of 
European  plums;  scarcely  any  Japan  plums. 

Roanoke  Co.,  Va.  A.  M.  Bowman. 


Your  favor  of  the  12th  May  to  hand,  and  will 
reply  by  saying  the  apple  bloom  in  this  section  of  the 
Valley  of  Virginia  is  very  heavy,  and  the  prospects 
for  a  large  crop  of  apples  is  very  encouraging.  This 
year  will  bring  into  bearing  many  fine  young  or- 
chards that  have  never  produced  a  crop  before.  The 
acreage  of  young  orchards  is  large  in  our  valley,  and 
in  a  few  years  Augusta  will  stand  first  on  the  list  as 
an   apple  growing  county  in   Virginia.     Tlic  York 


In  reply  to  your  favor  of  a  recent  date,  I  would  say 
I  have  not  written  sooner  as  I  was  making  inquries 
as  to  fruit  prospects.  I  find  on  investigation  there 
is  almost  an  entire  failure  of  cherries,  plums,  pears 
and  quinces.  Strawberries  were  killed  in  the  first 
blooming,  and  the  dry  weather  has  caused  the  later 
berries  to  dry  up.  The  peach  crop  is  a  general  fail- 
ure. Albemarle  Pippins  are  holding  on  here  in 
most  cases,  though  there  was  not  a  full  bloom,  and  the 
crop  will  be  much  smaller  than  usual.  We  had  a 
fine  Winesap  bloom,  but  few  appear  set,  and  I  have 
never  seen  less  of  this  variety.  In  fact,  the  crop  '>f 
winter  fruit  is  small.  I  have  a  small  orchard  of 
Fall  cheese  apples  that  yields  from  350  to  400  barrels 
the  regular  apple  years,  which  won't  yield  five  bar- 
rels this  year,  and  I  never  saw  the  trees  in  finer 
condition  and  a  fuller  crop  of  bloom.  On  the  morn- 
ing of  April  ,')th,  at  7  o'clock,  the  mercury  was  down 
to  20  degrees,  and  this  is  what  destroyed  our  fruit. 

Albemarle  Co.,  Va.  Isl.  L.  McCue. 


Complying  with  your  request  in  regard  to  the  fruit 
prospects  of  our  section,  I  will  say  that  strawberries 
are  looking  fairly  well,  but  are  begining  to  need  rain, 
and  unless  it  comes  soon  they  will  be  cut  short. 
Peaches  are  almost  an  entire  failure,  buds  having 
been  killed  in  February,  very  few  pears,  fair  crop  of 
plums,  cherries  mostly  killed,  but  the  apple  promises 
to  be  the  heaviest  crop  in  many  years.  Trees  ar^ 
loaded  and  no  sign  of  any  blight  at  all. 

Fnlashi  Co.,  Va.  "  W.  W.  Otey. 


All  peaches,  pears  and  plums  killed  or  nearly  so. 
Crop  of  apples  for  this  county  will  be  an  average  one. 
!My  own  orchard  of  4,000  trees  is  very  full;  have  had 
fine,  dry  weather  for  spraying. 

Patrick  Co.,  Va.  J.  H.  Raxgelev. 


Your  favor  of  the  12th  instant  addressed  to  me  at 
Roanoke  reached  me  at  my  farm  at  this  place.  For 
my  own  orchards,  I  will  say  that  Pippins,  Cannon's 
Pearmain,  Smokehouse,  Pryor,  have  set  a  good  crop 
of  apples.  Winesap,  Ben  Davis,  Johnson  are  less 
full,  but  these  last  are  young,  and  not  in  full  bearing. 
Iveiffer  has  very  little  fruit.  Bartlett  has  done  fairly 
well.  Plums  are  full,  and  there  some  cherries,  but 
peaches  very  rare.     Trees  growing  well.     I  did  some 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


887 


spraying  and  hope  that  the  apples  will  not  fall  off  as 
badly  as  thej'  usually  do.  The  general  report  is  that 
there  will  be  a  good  crop  of  apples. 

Franhlin  Co.,  Va.  John  R.  Guebeant. 


Your  favor  of  the  12th  instant  to  hand  and  con- 
tents noted.  In  reply  would  say  that  the  severe 
freeze  that  visited  this  section  the  night  of  April  4th 
about  killed  the  peaches,  cherries  and  other  small 
fruits.  I  have  a  twenty  acre  apple  orchard — Ben 
Davis  and  York  Imperial  apples.  Many  of  these 
trees  are  full  of  apples  now.  But  we  are  having  a 
very  severe  drought,  only  one  rain  having  fallen  for 
a  month.  If  this  drought  continues  much  longer 
many  apples  will  fall  off  the  trees  before  ripening, 
and  the  present  prospects  for  a  large  crop  will  be 
greatly  diminished.  E  Wickham  Byed. 

Clarke  Co.j  Va. 


BUDDING  TREES. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

In  the  next  issue  of  your  valuable  paper  please 
give  a  minute  description  of  budding  fruit,  such  as 
peaches  and  cherries ;  also  the  care  of  the  buds  from 
the  original  to  the  new  stock;  also  the  time  of  year 
for  the  work.  Farmer. 

Bedford  Co.,  Va. 

Budding  consists  in  introducing  the  bud  of  one 
tree  with  a  portion  of  bark  and  a  little  adhering  wood 
beneath  the  bud  of  another,  and  upon  the  face  of  the 
newly  forming  wood.  It  must  be  performed  while 
the  stock  is  in  a  state  of  vigorous  growth.  An  in- 
cision is  made  lengthwise  through  the  bark  of  the 
stock,  and  a  small  cut  at  right  angles  at  the  top,  the 
whole  somewhat  resembling  the  letter  T.  A  bud  is 
then  taken  from  a  shoot  of  the  present  year's  growth 
by  shaving  off'  the  bark  an  inch  or  an  inch  and  a  half 
in  length,  with  a  small  part  of  the  wood — directly 
beneath  the  bud.  The  edges  of  the  bark  at  the  in- 
cision in  the  stock  are  then  raised  a  little,  and  the  bud 
is  pushed  downward  under  the  bark.  A  bandage  of 
bass,  corn  husk  or  other  substance  is  wrapped  round, 
covering  all  parts  but  the  bud.  The  pressure  should 
be  just  sufficient  to  keep  the  inserted  portion  closely 
to  the  stock,  but  not  such  as  to  bruise  or  crush  the 
bark.  The  shoots  containing  the  buds  should  be  cut 
when  so  mature  as  to  be  rather  firm  and  hard  in 
texture.  They  are  usually  in  the  best  condition  after 
the  terminal  bud  has  formed.  To  prevent  withering, 
the  leaves  must  be  immediately  cut  off,  as  they  with- 
draw and  exhale  rapidly  the  moisture  from  the  shoot. 
About  one-quarter  of  an  inch  of  the  footstalks  of  the 


leaves  should  remaiu  to  serve  as  handles  to  the  buds 
whilst  inserting  them.  When  by  growth  of  tlie  stock 
the  bandage  cuts  into  it,  usually  in  ten  days  or  more, 
it  must  be  removed.  The  bud  remains  dormant  till 
the  following  spring,  when  the  stock  is  cut  off  two 
inches  or  more  above  it  before  the  swelling  of  the  bud. 
All  other  buds  must  then  be  removed  and  all  the  vigor 
of  the  stock  or  branch  thrown  into  the  remaining 
bud,  which  immediately  commences  a  rapid  growth. 
The  essential  requisites  for  success  in  budding  are 
first,  a  thrifty,  rapidly  growing  stock,  so  that  the  bark 
will  peel  very  freely ;  secondly,  a  proper  time,  not  so 
early  that  there  will  be  too  little  cambium  or  mucila- 
ginous cement  between  the  bark  and  the  wood  for  the 
adhesion  of  the  bud  nor  so  late  that  the  bark  will  not 
peel  nor  the  subsequent  growth  sufficiently  cement  the 
bud  to  the  stock;  thirdly,  buds  sufficiently  mature; 
fourthly,  a  keen,  flat  knife  for  shaving  off  the  bud 
that  it  may  lie  close  in  contact  upon  the  wood  of  the 
stock ;  fifthly,  the  application  of  a  ligature  with  mode- 
rate pressure,  causing  the  bud  to  fit  the  stock  closely. 
When  the  stocks  are  in  the  best  condition  it  is  un- 
necessary to  raise  the  bark  any  further  than  to  admit 
the  lower  point  of  the  bud,  which,  as  it  is  pushed 
downwards,  performs  this  operation  in  the  most  per- 
fect manner.  When  the  bark  does  not  peel  freely 
enough  for  this  purpose,  success  becomes  uncertain. 
Budding  is  performed  in  summer. 


I']  ace  a  bushel  of  choice  peaches  in  an  old  dirty 
box,  barrel  or  tub.  How  poorly  does  the  fruit  ap- 
pear? But  take  the  same  fruit,  place  it  in  neat, 
clean,  tidy  packages,  firmly  packed,  and  it  will  ap- 
pear so  much  better  and  sell  for  so  much  more  that  a 
novice  in  the  work  can  scarcely  realize  it  is  the  same 
fruit.  The  buyer  will  gladly  pay  more  for  the  fruit 
m  the  neat,  clean  package. 

The  package  should  be  secure,  for  rough  handling 
may  cause  a  loss  of  the  whole,  Avhich  would  amount 
to  more  than  the  labor  involved  on  a  number. 

Look,  then,  in  time,  and  provide  a  good  supply  of 
the  very  best  fruit  packages.— i'^arm.  Field  and  Fire- 
side. 


Early  market  tomatoes  require  short,  well-rotted 
manure  in  the  hilJ ;  the  crop  for  canning  should  have 
in  addition  a  coating  of  manure  broadcast.  This 
will  keep  the  vines  growing  late  and  bearing  until 
frost.  The  best  treatment  for  the  tomato  blight  is 
the  Bordeaux  mixture.  The  early  plants  should  be 
sprayed  in  the  bed  before  being  transplanted  in  the 
field  and  then  at  least  twice  before  the  fruit  begins  to 
ripen.  The  blight  has  become  a  serious  drawback  to 
tomato  growing  in  many  sections. — Farm.  .Ton.rnaJ 


388 


THE  SOUTHEilX  PLANTER. 


[June 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy. 


GAY  BLACKBIRD,  14443. 

.Tlie  famous  Aberdcfii  Angus  bull,  GAY  BLAOK- 
iniil),  14,443,  ('oluml)iau  winner  and  sire  of  several 
of  the  most  noted  herd  bulls  in  America,  chief  among- 
tlicni  being  Gay  Lad  (sold  at  $3,050,  the  highesi 
priced  American  bred  Angus  bull). 

One  of  his  last  sons,  the  Westertown  Rose  bull, 
IJarou  Rosebuj,  57(Hi(),  is  at  the  head  of  the  Suuuy 
Home  herd,  at  Fitzgerald,  X.  ('. 

The  old  bull  was  bred  by  Wallace  Estill,  Estill, 
Mo.,  sired  i)y  the  grcMt  show  ;nid  breeding  bull, 
Heather  Lad  '2.  lie  died  about  one  year  ago,  the 
I)ro])erly  of  Mr.  J.  P.  lliiie,  of  Ohio,  who  paid  $1,02.") 
for  him  at  auction  when  nine  years  old. 

We  were  not  at  all  satisfied  with  the  Aberdeen 
Angus  pictures  ]niblished  in  our  January  issue,  as 
they  did  not  do  justice  to  the  breed,  but  at  the  time 
we  could  not  do  better.  This  picture  of  Gay  Black- 
bird M'ill,  ]iowe\-er,  malce  some  amends,  as  it  fairlv 


represents  the  breed,  which  stands  very  near  the  top 
of  tlie  beef  makinsr  breeds. 


DRIED  BLOOD  AS  A  TONIC  FOR  YOUNG  CALVES. 

For  two  years  the  Kansas  Experiment  Station  has 
Used  dried  blood  in  connection  with  its  experiments 
in  feeding  calves.  Tn  March,  1899,  one  of  our  cows 
gave  birth  1o  a  call'  weighing  eighty-six  pounds.  This 
calf  was  allowed  to  suck  for  several  week.s,  to  assist  in 
reducing  the  intlammatiou  in  the  dam's  udder.  On 
account  of  poor  (puilify  and  quantity  of  milk,  the  calf 
did  very  poorly,  and  to  save  its  life  it  Ijecame  neces- 
sary to  remove  him  from  his  dam.  With  the  ordi- 
nary treatment  accorded  our  calves  he  grew  worse 
and  worse,  and  when  seventy-nine  days  old  weighed 
only  ninety  pounds,  or  four  pounds  heavier  than  at 
birlii.  Although  no  one  would  have  given  ten  cents 
I'or  the  calf  at  this  time,  an  effort  was  made  to  bring 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


1903.] 

liini  up.  He  was  given  castor  oil,  laudaiuun,  fresli 
eggs,  calf  meal,  and,  as  a  last  resort,  dried  blood. 
With  the  blood  the  calf  commenced  to  improve,  and 
in  a  short  time  was  gaining  at  the  rate  of  nearly 
fourteen  pounds  per  ^veek.  and  not  infrequently  as 
high  as  seventeen  to  eighteen  pounds  per  week.  When 
a  year  old  he  weighed  578  pounds — a  pretty  goofl  re- 
cord for  a  calf  that  gained  only  four  pounds  for  the 
first  seventy-nine  days  of  its  existence.  The  dried 
blot)d  consumed  during  parts  of  three  months  amount- 
ed to  seven  and  one-half  pounds.  At  two  cents  per 
])ound,  the  cost  was  fifteen  cents. 

In  Octoter,  1900,  a  heifer  Ixdonging  to  the  Agri- 
cultural College  dropped  her  first  calf.  The  calf 
was  snuill  and  sickly,  and  for  the  first  few  weeks  did 
very  poorly,  as  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  on  Decem- 
ber 1st  it  weighed  two  pounds  less  than  on  Xovem- 
ber  1st.  For  a  few  weeks  its  life  was  in  a  very  criti- 
cal condition,  but  when  induced  to  eat  a  little  dried 
lilood  with  its  milk  it  began  to  improve  and  has  been 
making  fair  gains  ever  since. 

Dried  blood  is  not  only  good  for  a  weak  calf,  but 
is  an  excellent  remedy  for  any  calf  subject  to  scours 
The  Kansas  Experiment  Station  has  just  purchased 


389 


A.  G.  V.  v.,  Adv.  11.,  Xo.  10,  has  just  completed  a 
mosT,  wonderful  year's  milk  and  butter  fat  record. 
This  record  has  been  made  under  the  rules  and  con- 
ditions foa-  The  Advanced  Elegister  olf  Guernsey 
L'atlle,  which  requires  the  supervision  of  an  Agricul- 
tural Experiment  Station.  In  this  instance  a  repre- 
sentative of  the  JVlassachusetts  State  Station  saw  and 
sampled  the  milk  of  this  cow  each  month  and  report- 
ed the  results  thus  obtained.  The  inspector  also  re- 
ported various  weighings  of  milk  as  check  weights. 
The  owner  reported  the  detailed  weights  of  milk  for 
each  day  and  statement  of  feed  and  care. 

Dolly  Bloom  calved  March  22d,  and  started  her 
record  March  2(5,  1902,  when  23  months  old,  and 
completed  it  March  25,  1903.  During  this  time  she 
gave  8,841.58  pounds  of  milk,  5.13  average  per  cent, 
butter  fat,  -453.8()  pounds  buter  fat,  equivalent  to 
over  500  pounds  of  butter. 

The  requirements  for  the  admission  of  this  cow  to 
Tlie  Advanced  Register  was  6,000  pounds  milk  and 
250.5  pounds  butter  fat.  Her  production  greatly 
exceeded  this  requirement.  The  record  made  is  the 
lanjcsl  record  of  a  year's  production  of  butter  fat  by 
two-'seav-old  heifer  in  the  world  that  can   be 


twenty  young  calves.      Frequently  these  calves  arrive 

at  the  station  badlv  afi'ected  with  scours ;  a  little  dried  i  '•^^^y 

blood  alwavs  brii'igs  about  a  cure.     Recentlv  a  test  found  recorded,  and  at  the  same  time  supervised  by 


was  made  with  five  calves  that  hannened  to  be  scour- 
ing at  the  same  time.  W^ith  two  of  these  dried  blood 
was  fed,  after  reducing  the  regiilar  feed  of  milk. 
With  the  other  three  the  dried  blood  was  fed  without 
changing  the  supply  of  milk.  lu  the  former  ease  the 
calves  recovered  from  the  scours  after  two  feeds ;  in 
the  latter  after  three  feeds.  With  the  seventy  head 
of  young  calves  imder  experiment  at  the  Kansas  sta- 
tion during  the  past  year,  there  has  not  been  a  single 
case  of  scours  that  dried  blood  has  failed  to  check. 

In  feeding  dried  blood,  a  teasnoonful  at  a  feed  is  a 
great  plenty.  This  should  be  continued  until  the 
scours  disa})pear.  In  case  of  a  weak  calf  the  allow- 
ance may  l>e  gradually  increased  to  a  tablespoonful 
at  a  feed.  To  prevent  the  dried  blood  from  settling 
at  the  bottom  of  the  pail,  where  the  calf  will  be  un- 
able to  get  it,  it  may  be  stirred  in  the  milk  while  the 
calf  is  drinking,  or  the  milk  and  blood  mav  he  fed 
innncdiately  after  being  thoroup'hly  mixed.  Since 
<lried  blood  is  such  a  cheap  and  eflFective  remedy,  it 
will  pay  any  one  who  raises  young  calves  by  hand  to 
iiave  a  little  available  whenever  a  calf  shows  signs  of 
disorders  in  its  digestive  tract.  It  can  be  ol)tained 
from  any  of  the  large  jtackers.  When  ordering,  state 
that  the  blood  is  wanted  for  feediu"-  ■  "i-noses. — D.  H 
Ofis.  Kansas  E.rperhneidal  Station. 


OVER  500  POUNDS  OF  BUTTER  IN  THE  YEAR. 

The  Guernsev   heifer,   Dollv   Bloom,   Xo.    12770, 


any  representatives  of  a  p\iblic  institution  or  an  or- 
ganization. 

The  following  statement  from  the  owner  as  to  the 
daily  feeding  of  this  cow  during  her  record  will  be  of 
interest : 

JNIarch,  1902.  After  calving  her  feed  for  the  rest 
of  the  month  was  gradually  increased  until  it  reached 
5  pounds  shorts,  15  pounds  ensilage  and  clover  hay 
ad  ld)iiv.m. 

April.  Six  pounds  shorts,  1  3-1  pounds  old  pro- 
cess oil  meal,  1  3-4  pounds  gluten,  20  pounds  ensilage 
and  clover  hay  ad  lihitiun. 

May.  Same  grain  as  in  April,  with  the  addition 
of  1  pound  corn  meal,  clover  hay  until  the  15th,  when 
she  was  turned  to  pasture  and  fed  peas  and  oats  in  the 
barn. 

June.  Same  as  in  May  except  green  clover  in 
jjlace  of  the  peas  and  oats. 

July,  August  and  September.  Same  grain,  with 
the  omission  of  the  corn  meal.  Pasture  and  green 
clover  continued. 

October.  Same  grain.  For  coarse  food  in  addi- 
tion to  the  pasture,  millet  and  a  little  clover  hay  was 
given. 

Xovember  to  ^larch.  Same  grain,  20  pounds  en- 
silage, 40  pounds  roots  (mixture  of  1  poimd  carrots 
to  e^ery  2  pounds  mangles)  and  clover  hay  ad  libitum. 

Din-ing  the  summer  she  was  out  in  pasture  until 


390 


THE  SOUTHEKX  PLAIS'TEE. 


[June 


beat  of  day,  and  at  noon  was  fed  green  stuff  in  the 
stable.  If  weatber  was  hot  she  was  turned  out  at 
night  and  stabled  in  day  time.  She  had  the  same 
care  and  feed  as  the  other  cows  of  her  age  in  the  herd 
with  regard  to  general  way  of  handling.  She  was 
milked  only  twice  a  day  and  stood  in  a  standing  stall. 

Dolly  Bloom  was  bred  by  Mr.  Ezra  Michener,  of 
Micheuer,  Pa.,  and  dropped  April  14,  1900.  Her 
sire  was  Divan,  5846,  and  her  dam  Questa,  11385. 
Their  breeding  goes  back  to  such  noted  animals  as 
Bonny  Boy,  Fernwood  Lily  and  Imp.  Pacific. 

Dolly  Bloom  is  owned  by  Mr.  F.  Lothrop  Ames,  of 
Boston,  ilr.  Ames  takes  great  pride  in  his  small  but 
choice  herd  of  Guernseys  at  his  beautiful  estate, 
"Laugwatei-,"  in  N'orth  Easton,  Mass.,  and  the  woi-k 
of  this  cow  is  a  great  pleasure  to  him. 

This  heifer  bears  unquestionable  testimony  to  the 
capabilities  of  a  Guernsey  cow.  She  is  one  of  fort^ 
Guernsey  cows  that  have  made  official  yearly  records 
of  butter  fat  and  been  admitted  to  the  Advanced 
Eegister.  The  records  varying  from  296  pounds  to 
C02  pounds  (equivalent  to  346  and  702  pounds  but- 
ter). Wm.  H.  Caldwell, 

reterhoro,  N.  IL,  April,  1903.  Secretary. 


PASTURE  FOR  HOGS. 

The  Kansas  Experiment  Station  has  realized 
$11.90  i)er  acre  from  rape  pasture  and  $24.10  from 
alfalfa  pasture  in  ninety-eight  days.  These  resulte 
were  obtained  from  the  following  experiments,  which 
were  begun  July  25th  and  concluded  October  31, 
1902: 

Thirty  slioats,  averagiug  52  pounds  in  weight,  were 
divided  as  nearly  equally  as  possible  into  three  lots 
of  ten  each.  Lot  I  was  fed  on  a  grain  mixture  of 
shorts  one-half,  corn  meal  one-fourth,  and  Kafir  corn 
meal  one-fourth,  in  a  dry  lot.  The  other  two  lots 
were  fed  the  same  grain  ration,  but  one  received  rape 
pasture  and  the  other  alfalfa  pasture  in  addition. 
Each  lot  was  given  what  grain  the  hogs  would  eat  up 
clean,  and  each  had  access  to  water  and  ashes.  The 
weights  of  g-'ains  made  are  as  follows : 


Grnin 
consimii'M 
In   pounds. 


Qiaiii  con- 
sumed per  100 
lbs   Kain, 
in  pounds. 


1023 
1076 
1078 


371 
301 
300 


T.  No  pasture 3801 

II.  Rape  pasture. . .    3244 
III.  Alfalfa  pasture.    3244 

The  gains  of  the  three  lots  are  very  nearly  equal. 
The  dry  lot  consumed  557  pounds,  or  70  pounds  for 
every  100  pounds  of  gain,  more  grain  than  the  pasture 


lots.  The  lot  on  rape  required  one  acre  of  pasture, 
while  the  alfalfa  lot  used  a  trifle  less  than  one-half 
acre. 

The  lot  without  pasture  required  3.71  pounds  of 
grain,  to  produce  one  pound  of  gain.  Assigning  the 
same  value  to  the  grain  fed  the  hogs  on  rape  pasture, 
we  have  877  pounds  of  pork  credited  to  the  grain  and 
199  pounds  credited  to  the  rape.  At  six  cents  per 
pound,  the  price  at  which  hogs  were  selling  at  the 
close  of  the  experiment,  this  would  be  a  credit  of 
$11.90  per  acre  for  the  rape.  In  a  similar  manner 
the  alfalfa  is  credited  with  201  pounds  of  pork,  equal 
Lo  $12.05,  and  as  there  was  only  a  half-acre  of  alfalfa 
this  makes  a  rate  of  $24.10  per  acre. 

The  cost  of  preparing  the  seed  bed  and  seeding  the 
rape  was  $1.80  per  acre.  It  was  seeded  in  the  feed 
lots  on  soil  that  would  otherwise  have  remained  idle, 
or  would  have  grown  up  to  weeds. 

Tlie  shoats  on  pasture  enjoyed  their  diet  and  seem- 
ed satisfied.  Those  in  the  dry  lots  seemed  to  be 
hankering  after  something  green,  and  their  appetites 
seemed  unsatisfied  without  some  kind  of  roughness. 
They  would  even  nibble  at  straw  in  a  vain  atempt  to 
satisfy  their  craving. 

The  experiment  emphasizes  the  superior  value  of 
alfalfa  pasture.  Where  alfalfa  is  not  available,  or 
where  variety  is  waiited  or  it  is  desired  to  utilize 
otherwise  waste  land.  Dwarf  Essex  rape,  seeded  at 
the  rate  of  six  to  eight  pounds  per  acre  any  time 
from  early  spring  to  late  summer,  will  furnish  an 
excellent  diet  that  is  greatly  relished  by  the  hog. 
Succulence  and  variety  will  make  healthier  hogs  that 
will  return  increased  profits.  D.  H.  Otis. 

ManhaUan,  Kan. 


ANGUS  CATTLE, 


Editor  Southern  Planter: 

I  think  it  is  now  a  well  settled  fact  that  the  Angus 
cattle  excel  all  other  breeds  for  beef.  At  all  the  re- 
cent fat  stock  shows,  both  in  (.'hieago  and  Pittsburg, 
the  Angus  took  all  the  premiums  except  one,  and 
tliat  was  given  to  the  Hereford  cross  on  the  Angus. 

Mr.  A.  Eiehel,  the  leading  butcher  of  Richmond, 
told  me  last  Avoek  that  the  finest  cattle  he  has  ever 
kiled  were  six  Angus  cattle  raised  by  me  and  five  by 
a  gentleman  above  Richmond. 

I  sold  those  cattle  to  the  Brauer  Cattle  Co.  in  the 
field  for  $52.50  each.  Mr.  Brauer  and  myself  esti- 
mated them  when  sold  at  1,200  pounds,  I  think  about 
the  12th  of  September.  They  were  put  on  the  market 
the  following  Christmas,   and  Mr.   Eiehel  told   me 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLx\NTER. 


391 


they  weighed  over  1,500  pounds,  whicli  was  a  gain  of 
over  300  pcjuuds  to  the  steer  in  a  fraction  over  three 
months.  Mv.  Heury  Block  said  they  were  the  finest 
he  had  ever  seen.  I  think  these  facts  speak  well 
for  the  Angus  cattle.  Our  section  is  not  considered 
anything  extra  for  grazing,  so  I  think  that  more  was 
due  to  the  breeding  of  the  cattle  than  to  the  grass.  I 
have  been  raising  Angus  cattle  for  about  ten  years, 
and  I  am  satisfied  I  can  keep  one-third  more  of  this 
breed  on  the  same  feed  and  grass  than  of  any  other 
breed  I  have  ever  kept.  They  do  not  give  a  big 
quantity  of  milk,  but  it  is  very  rich,  judging  from  the 
calves,  which  are  always  fat.  Ihope  the  day  is  not 
far  distant  when  all  this  Piedmont  section  will  have 
the  black  cattle,  and  thus  do  away  with  the  necessity 
for  the  most  barbarous  thing  that  ever  was  done,  de- 
horning cattle.  J.  H.  Ellls. 
Orange  Co.,  Ya. 


INTELLECTUAL  BEEF, 


Editor  Soutliern  Planter: 

A  writer  in  the  Breeders'  Gazette  promises,  some 
may  say  threatens,  a  supply  from  that  great  food 
emporium,  the  West,  of  "intellectual  beef."  The 
consumer  and  the  producer  may  take  different  views 
on  the  desirability  of  the  attainment.  The  writer 
once  possessed  a  very  intelligeiit  mule,  inquisitive  peo- 
ple may  be  interested  to  know  that  his  name  was 
Jacob,  but  I  did  not  eat  him.  I  sold  him,  seeing  that 
I  was  running  a  farm  and  not  a  circus.  I  read  some- 
where that  in  ancient  Egypt  her  kings  used  to  eat 
their  prime  ministers  or  secretaries  of  state  to  in- 
crease their  mental  abilities.  As  we  do  not  read  of  it 
now-a-days,  perhaps  the  prime  ministers  or  secre- 
taries of  state  are  not  so  clever  as  they  used  to  be. 
Should  it  be  proved  beyond  contradiction  that  "corre- 
lation between  cranial  development  and  the  tender- 
ness of  the  meat  exists"  in  selling  an  old  rogt^ish  steer 
to  a  dealer  or  butcher,  what  stress  the  seller  should 
lay  upon  that  fact  ?  Some  sensitive  people  may  look 
upon  increased  cranial  development  as  the  beginning 
of  the  end,  and  that  pathos  and  not  the  graspiness  of 
the  beef  trust  will  cause  man  to  cease  to  be  carni- 
vorous.- But  is  not  the  acquired  intelligence  of  do- 
mesticity offset  by  loss  of  actiteness  in  what  is  called 
instinct?  Must  not  the  tenderness  of  the  animal's 
meat  result  from  the  cranitim  of  man  ? 

Disposition  has  a  very  decided  influence  on  the  con- 
dition a  horse  keeps  in,  and  probably  has  more  in- 
fluence in  a  domesticated  state  than  in  free  nature, 
but  whether  a  high  strung,  thoroughbred  racing  colt, 


or  a  phlegmatic  yotmg  drafter  would  possess  tender 
meat  is  a  question  yet  to  be  decided,  though  if  tender- 
ness has  a  relation  to  temperament,  the  fact  would 
speak  plainer  in  the  horse  than  the  cow — and  in  less 
degree  still  in  the  hog.  Animals  must  be  accredited 
with  many  faculties  of  mental  orders  in  low  degrees, 
probably  the  state  of  the  mind  we  call  human  before 
it  was  impregnated  with  consciousness,  and  followed 
by  conscientiousness,  Ijhe  growths  otf  which  have 
caused  a  continued  widening  breach  between  the  hu- 
man and  the  animal.  What  will  the  West  do  next 
is  a  trite  saying,  with  the  sun  harnessed  to  the  sun- 
motor  and  her  population  surpassing  that  of  the 
Celestial  Empire.  W.  M. 

Albemarle  Co.,  Va. 


BLACKLEG. 


Editor  Souihern  Planter: 

I  have  before  me  your  issue  for  May,  and  have 
read  the  article  in  regard  to  blackleg  and  its  preven- 
tion by  vaccination.  It  would  appear  from  that  arti- 
jcle  that  the  vaccination  of  animals  to  protect  them 
against  blackleg  was  purely  an  experiment,  whereas 
as  a  matter  of  fact,  the  blackleg  vaccine  was  discover- 
ed by  Messrs.  Arloing,  Cornevin  and  Thomas  nine- 
teen years  ago,  and  has  been  put  to  practical  use  for 
I  some  eighteen  years  in  Europe.  I  introduced  black- 
leg vaccination  into  JSTorth  America  as  long  ago  as 
1895,  and  over  five  millions  of  calves  have  been  vacci- 
nated in  the  United  States  during  the  last  few  years 
with  the  vaccines  that  are  still  prepai-ed  by  Messrs. 
Arloing  and  Thomas,  and  which  are  ftirnished  by  the 
Pasteur  Vaccine  Co. 

The  blackleg  vaccine  was  first  of  all  made  in  the 
powder  form,  with  two  lymphs  that  were  administer- 
ed at  an  interval  of  about  a  week.  A  few  years  later 
the  vaccine  in  powder  form  was  prepared  of  meditim 
strength,  which  necessitated  only  one  apiDlication. 
However,  as  highlj^  graded  or  pure-bred  stock  are 
more  susceptible  to  blackleg  than  common  stock,  it 
is  always  desirable  to  treat  such  animals  with  the 
"double"  vaccine,  consisting  of  the  two  lymphs,  as  the 
dotible  treatment  affords  a  higher  degree  of  protection 
than  the  single  treatment.  Moreover,  it  is  naturally 
desirable  to  give  the  highest  possible  degTee  of  pro- 
tection against  blackleg  to  the  more  valuable  animals. 

Some  years  later  an  improvement  was  made  in  the 
method  of  preparing  and  applying  the  vaccine,  and 
this  was  brought  about  by  Dr.  Thomas.  This  is  in 
the  form  of  a  cord  saturated  with  the  vaccine  and  then 
dried,  and  it  is  applied  in  the  same  way  as  one  would 


THE  SOUTHEKX  PLA^TEll. 


[June 


take  a  stilcli  under  tbe  skin.  This  has  rendered  vac- 
cination more  popular,  as  it  has  made  the  operation 
so  mucli  easier,  doing  away  with  the  expensive  and 
troublesome  syringe  outtit  with  pestle,  mortar,  etc., 
for  preparing  the  powder  vaccine  lor  use.  The  cord 
form  qf  vaccine  is  generalh-  known  as  "Blacklegiue," 
and  for  several  years  past  has  been  furnished  both 
for  single  treatment  and  for  double  treatment. 

About  tweiily  millions  of  calves  have  now  been 
vaccinated  agaiiibt  blackleg,  of  which  about  95  per 
cent,  have  been  vaccinated  with  the  original  vaccines 
prepared  by  Messrs.  Arloing  and  Thomas,  and  fur- 
nished in  this  country  by  the  Pasteur  Vaccine  Co. 
It  will  readily  be  seen,  therefore,  that  vaccination 
against  blackleg  is  by  no  means  an  experiment,  and 
as  al)ove  mentioned,  the  vaccine  has  been  a  commer- 
cial product  for  about  eighteen  years.  An  article  is 
never  taken  up  commercially  until  the  experimental 
stage  is  passed.  I  hasten  to  correct  the  erroneous 
impression  convened  l>y  the  article  in  question,  as,  if 
it  were  thought  that  vaccination  against  blackleg 
was  simply  an  experiment,  it  would  deter  a  mxmber 
of  stock  raisers  from  resorting  to  vaccination,  and  by 
refraining  from  vaccinating  their  stock,  they  would 
continue  to  lose  their  calves  from  blackleg  at  the  same 
liigh  rate  as  existed  before  vaccination  was  introduced 
by  myself  into  this  country  eight  years  ago.  Per- 
liaps  it  is  not  out  of  place  to  say  that  the  well-known 
scientist,  Louis  Pasteur,  discovered  the  preventive 
vaccination  for  anthrax  twenty  years  ago,  and  over 
twenty-three  millions  of  animals  have  been  success- 
fully protected  against  anthrax  with  Pasteur's  an- 
thrax vaccine  in  E,urope,  iS'orth  America,  South 
-Vmerica  and  Australia — in  fact,  in  all  parts  of  the 
civilized  world  where  anthrax  is  troublesome. 

('hicago.  III.  Hauold  Sorbv. 


THE  FUTURE  OF  THE  SHORT  HORN. 

^Ve  take  the  following  extract  from  a  letter  from 
an  English  breeder  to  the  Breeders'  Gazelle.  It  em- 
l)hasizes  the  point  we  have  so  often  made  that  Short 
Horn  breeders  in  this  country  have  lost  sight  of  one 
of  the  grandest  points  in  tbat  tine  breed — viz.,  its 
milk  and  bntter  j)roducing  capacity.  It  is  this  qual- 
ity, combined  with  its  good  feeding  qualities, 
which  makes  it  preeminently  the  farmer's  cow.  We 
want  breeders  here  to  get  back  to  this  type,  and  then 
in  a  Short  Horn  the  farmer  will  have  the  finest  dual 
l)nvpose  cow  in  the  world: 

It  seems  to  me  that  in  the  States  of  America  you 
know  the  Slmrt  Horn  in  its  beef  state  onlv.      In  the 


old  country  we  know  it  in  its  true  cosmopolitan  form, 
a  true  dual-purpose  animal  unequalled  for  the  pro- 
duction of  beef  and  milk.  If  we  go  to  the  bed  rock 
of  Short  Horn  history  we  find  special  mention  of  the 
milking  qualities  of  the  earliest  recorded  cows. 
Take,  for  instance,  the  earliest  recorded  female 
Tripes,  ancestress  of  the  Princess  family,  calved  some 
time  previous  to  3  760.  This  cow,  said  to  have  been 
a  great  grazer,  was  the  grandam  of  a  heifer  by  Mas- 
terman's  Bull  {422)  and  in  two  successive  years  pro- 
duced twin  calves  and  gave  eighteen  quarts  of  milk 
twice  a  day  for  more  than  a  month  after  calving.  It 
is  this  reputation  for  milk  producing,  combined  with 
an  aptitude  to  fatten  when  dry  equal  to  that  of  any 
other  breed,  that  has  given  the  Short  Horn  first  place 
in  the  race  of  breeds. 

In  this  country  to-day  we  have  two  practically  dis- 
tinct types  of  Short  Horns — the  Scotch  or  beef  pro- 
ducing, now  the  rage  in  America,  and  the  dual  pur- 
pose English  Short  Horn  founded  on  the  old  Booth 
and  Bates  blood.  It  is  to  the  latter  with  a  judicious 
blend  of  the  former  to  give  it  more  substance  and 
earlier  maturity  that  I  look  to  carry  on  the  glorious 
work  of  the  l)reed  in  the  future.  The  old  Bates  in 
the  Southwest  of  England  that  were  practically  min- 
ed by  the  mad  rush  for  straight  Bates  in  the  seventies 
and  early  eighties,  have  for  the  last  fifteen  years  or 
so  been  recuperating  under  the  shadow  of  the  straight 
Scotch  edifice  erected  by  the  sage  of  Sittyton,  an 
edifice  not  the  growth  of  a  night,  but  the  outcome  of 
a  lifetime  of  patient  labor  directed  by  a  master  mind. 
.■\  thought  sometimes  occurs  to  me — though  it  may  be 
lieresy  to  express  it — when  I  think  of  the  foundation 
on  which  Amos  ("ruickshank's  life-work  was  laid,  on 
which  in  the  autumn  of  his  days  he  had  the  pleasure 
of  placing  the  corner-slone,  and  of  the  story  after 
story  that  the  builders  who  succeeded  him  are  adding, 
some  with  judgment,  some  without,  to  that  building, 
that  some  time  in  the  future — who  may  say  how  soon  ? 
— the  whole  structure  will  fall  like  a  house  of  cards 
as  flat  as  the  "Bates  and  no  surrender"  bubble  wnen 
pricked  with  the  needle  of  common  sense. 

Xow  one  word  as  to  the  Short  Horn  of  the  future. 
We  must  bear  in  mind  that  he  is  the  Anglo-Saxon  of 
the  bovine  species  and  as  the  pioneer  and  eivilizer  of 
the  cattle  world  he  must  retain  his  activity  and  con- 
stitution, so  that  in  a  new  country,  if  necesary,  he 
can  forage  for  himself.  With  this  end  in  view  breed- 
ers in  this  country  must  aim  at  the  style  and  grandeur 
of  the  early  Short  Horn  combined  with  the  aptitude 
to  fatten  of  the  Cruickshank  cattle  and  at  the  same 
time  take  care  that  the  milking  powers  are  not  neg- 
lected.— J.vMES  Pktkr,  in  Breeders'  Gazelle. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


393 


The  Poultry  Yard. 


NUX  VOMICA  FOR  CHICKEN  KILLING  HAWKS. 

Our  reply  to  tlie  inquiry  on  this  subject,  published 
iu  our  last  issue,  has  brought  forth  the  following  in- 
formation from  subscribers.  We  are  certainly  sur- 
prised to  learn  that  hens  and  chickens  are  apparently 
immune  to  the  action  of  nux  vomica  (strychnine), 
which  is  so  violent  a  poison  to  human  beings  and  all 
animals  so  far  as  we  know.  A  still  more  curious  fea- 
ture is  brought  out  in  one  of  the  communications — 
viz.,  that  the  drug  is  poisonous  to  ducks  and  guineas. 
The  conununications  are  from  persons  of  the  highest 
repute  in  their  sections,  and  known  to  vis  to  1)e  thor- 
oughlv  trustworthy,  and  we  therefore  make  no  hesita- 
tion iu  publishing  liie  same.  We  would,  however, 
urge  that  care  should  be  taken  in  the  handling  of  the 
drug,  to  keep  it  out  of  reach  of  human  beings  and  the 
live  stock  of  tlie  fanu  other  than  the  hens  and 
chickens : 
EdUur  Souihevn  FlanUr: 

I  have  for  years  believed  in  the  testimony  of  those 
in  whom  I  have  couiidcnce,  that  strychnine  would 
not  kill  a  chicken.  When  I  read  in  the  last  issue  of 
the  Plantek  the  inquiry  about  the  dose  of  nux 
vomica  to  be  given  to  chickens  with  a  view  of  killing 
hawks,  and  your  comments  thereon,  I  determined  to 
lake  no1x)dy's  sayso,  but  experiment  for  myself.  I 
took  as  much  strychnine  as  I  could  get  on  the  point  of 
a  pocket  knife,  enough  to  kill  a  dozen  crows,  made  it 
into  a  pill  with  braii  and  gave  it  to  a  hen.  She  seem- 
ed to  enjoy  it  very  much,  and  went  off  singing  as  if 
she  were  happ.^'.  I  watched  her  for  some  time  to  see 
if  it  would  ali'ect  her  in  any  way,  but  she  continued 
in  good  spirits  and  is  alive  and  well  this  morning. 
Now,  why  is  it  that  strychnine  will  kill  crows,  hawk^ 
and  other  birds,  but  has  no  effect  on  chickens  ( 

Amelia  Co.,  i  a.  R.  E.  JBridgefortii. 


bciTig  found  dead,  but  it  surely  keeps  them  away,  and 
r  think  makes  the  chicks  healthy.  I  buy  the  pow- 
dered nux  vomica,  and  as  I  have  a  good  many  chicks, 
get  oue-quarter  pound  at  a  time  from  a  reliable  drug- 
gist. Begin  by  mixing  one-half  teaspoonful  in  one 
quart  of  dry  meal,  wet  up  with  water  and  feed  every 
two  days.  Gradually  increase  the  dose  to  one  tea- 
spoon to  a  quart  of  meal.  If  you  give  too  much  at 
first  the  chicks  have  convulsions.  I  simply  put  my 
dough  in  the  feed  coop  and  let  them  eat  it  at  will.  It 
kills  gaiineas  and  ducks,  so  be  careful.  I  think  best 
to  discontinue  the  use  of  it  about  a  month  before  the 
chickens  are  used  for  table.  As  ilr.  Montague  has  a 
small  flock,  he  can  proportion  the  dose  to  the  amount 
of  meal  he  uses  -Mrs.  R.  T.  Soutiiall. 

New  Kent  Co.,  Va. 


EcUloi  ^oidhevn  Planter: 

I  am  glad  that  I  am  able  to  give  the  information 
desired  in  regard  to  how  much  nux  vomica  to  give  a 
chicken  to  kill  the  hawk  and  not  injure  the  chicken. 
I  have  been  using  it  for  the  last  eight  or  nine  years 
with  the  very  best  results.  As  soon  as  I  find  out  that 
the  hawk  is  catching  them,  I  stop  up  all  of  the  hens 
and  chickens  except  one  hen  and  her  chickens,  and 
mix  four  or  five  drops  of  nux  vomica  thoroughly  in 
I  the  dough,  and  let  the  little  chicks  run  out.  I  mean 
four  or  five  drops  for  each  chicken.  Say  you  have 
10  chicks,  50  drops  of  nux  vomica.  The  first  chick 
the  hawk  catches  is  sure  death  to  him.  I  never  give 
it  until  the  hawk  is  catching  my  chickens.  It  does 
not  act  so  well  on  large  chickens.  Always  give  it  to 
tlie  youngest  ones  you  have.  I  generally  give  it  in 
the  morning,  and  the  hawk  will  soon  come  and  catch 
one,  and  that  is  the  last  of  him. 

Louisa  Co.,  Va.  J.  P.  E.  Johnson. 


Editor  Soiitliern  I'laiiter: 

I  saw  a  letter  in  the  -May  issue  of  the  Plaxteu 
from  ]\[r.  ^Montague,  of  King  William,  asking  for 
information  in  regard  to  nux  vomica  being  given  to 
chickens  to  kill  hawks,  and  as  I  have  used  it  success- 
fully for  two  years,  am  glad  of  the  opportunity  to  tell 
him  and  others  of  my  experience.  I  had  very  little 
faith  in  i(  at  first,  but  as  the  hawks  were  so  very 
troublesome,  thought  I  would  give  it  a  trial,  and  was 
so  much  pleased,  have  used  it  ever  since.  I  cannot 
sav  it  kills  the  liawks,  as  I  have  never  heard  of  one 


TO  DESTROY  LICE  IN  THE  COOPS  AND  HOUSES. 

Nothing  is  better  to  use  as  a  liquid  lice-killer  than 
crude  petroleum.  It  is  a  cheap,  heavy,  dark  oil,  just 
as  it  comes  from  the  ground.  It  is  sure  death  to  all 
manner  and  kinds  of  hen  lice  that  it  touches  or  that 
comes  in  contact  with  it.  It  can  be  used  like  paint, 
with*a  brush  to  apply  it.  Kerosene  oil,  with  one 
pound  of  naphlhaline  balls  to  the  gallon,  makes  an- 
other good  lice  paint ;  and  there  are  quite  a  number  of 
liquids  sold   in   cans  for  this  special  purpose.      No 


394 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[June 


matter  which  of  these  you  may  select,  make  good  use 
of  them  prior  to  placing  a  hen  and  her  young  brood 
within  an  old  hen  coop.  Be  sure  to  paint  the  coop 
with  this  at  least  twenty-four  hours  before  using  it, 
as  the  fumes  of  these  mixtures  will  kill  very  young 
chicks. 


ABOUT  TURKEYS. 

To  make  a  success  of  turkey  raising  much  care  and 
painstaking  must  be  given  the  young  the  first  three 
or  four  weeks  of  their  life.  They  are  very  tender 
and  harder  to  start  than  any  other  fowl.  Eeed  noth- 
ing the  first  twenty-four  hours  after  they  are  hatched. 
They  gain  strength  faster  if  left  in  the  nest  with 
the  hen  a  day  and  night  before  cooping.  Before  put- 
ting them  in  the  coop  see  that  it  is  perfectly  clean 
and  free  from  vermin,  and  placed  on  dry  ground,  a 
little  elevated,  that  the  ground  under  the  coop  may 
not  become  water  soaked  in  heavy  rains. 

Remove  cooi^  to  fresh  gTOund  often  to  avoid  filth. 
Mashed  potatoes  and  sour  milk  curd  mixed  with 
wheat  bran  is  an  excellent  feed  for  turkeys  and  al- 
ways in  order. 

Raw  meat  with  onion  tops  chopiJied  fine  may  be 
given  ojice  a  day  with  good  results. 

This  forms  a  diet  very  much  relished  by  the  littlp 
fellows  at  least. 

Keep  close  watch  for  the  large  white  lice  that  set- 
tle on  the  heads  and  necks  of  the  young  and  kill  a 
large  percentage  of  all  that  are  hatched. 

Lard  mixed  with  a  sprinkling  of  sulphur  on  the 
head  and  neck  will  destroy  the  lice  at  once. 

Never  let  the  young  tui-keys  get  wet  and  draggled 
in  the  morning  dew  or  rain. 

Give  water  in  shallow  vessels  so  they  can  only  wet 
their  beaks. 

They  should  only  have  their  liberty  on  dry,  warm 
days  until  well  feathered,  when  they  may  go  forth 
and  roam  at  will. 

Green  corn,  if  eaten  freely,  will  produce  cholera, 
which  is  almost  always  siire  death. 

Turkeys,  unlike  geese,  have  a  very  small  amount 
of  brains,  and  are  not  responsible  for  the  many  sad 
plights  they  get  into. 


COST  OF  EGG  PRODUCTION. 

The  question  is  bciii.n'  ('ontiunally  asked  as  to  the 
cost  of  egg  production,  the  ajnount  of  food  consumed, 
and  the  amount  necessary  to  Iw  fed  daily  to  fowls  for 


the  best  results  in  producing  eggs  for  market.  To 
ftnswer  such  questions  successfully  it  would  be  neces- 
sary to  go  over  considerable  ground  and  meet  the 
various  conditions  under  which  the  fowls  are  kept, 
and  make  a  particular  point  in  each  particular  case. 
About  one  of  the  best  things  in  the  world  to  do  on 
this  subject  is  to  study  carefully  every  phase  of  the 
question  and  shape  matters  accordingly. 

In  the  test  made  for  the  Agricultural  Division  of 
Cornell  University,  at  seven  separate  and  well-sepa- 
rated stations  or  farms,  it  is  shown  that  the  average 
egg  yield  of  2,133  hens,  for  seventeen  weeks,  between 
December  1st  and  March  20th,  was  32.2  eggs  per  hun-, 
dved  fowls;  or,  in  round  numbers,  seven  eggs  per 
month  from  each  hen ;  and  the  food  cost  of  producing 
tliesc  eggs  was  a  little  more  than  sixteen  cents  per 
dozen  eggs.  The  average  profit  was  about  $24.00  per 
Inmdred  hens  for  The  four  winter  months. 

When  we  compare  flocks,  we  find  that  one  of  the 
liocks  of  150  White  Leghorn  pullets  produced  thirty- 
six  per  cent,  egg  average,  and  shows  a  profit  of  $62.00 
per  hundred  hens  for  the  four  months.  Another 
riock  of  ninety-six  Leghorn  pullets,  twenty  White 
Wyandotte  pullets,  and  one  hundred  cross-bred  White 
Wyandotte  and  White  Leghorn  hens,  that  averaged 
340  during  the  four  months,  shows  an  average  of 
ihii'ty-five  per  cent  egg  yield,  and  a  profit  of  $53.00 
]ier  hundred  hens  for  four  months;  or,  as  we  might 
say,  about  $1.50  per  hen  per  year,  if  the  same  ratio 
is  continued.  As  between  the  entire  average  and  the 
average  of  the  best,  there  is  the  same  grading  off  as  is 
found  in  the  average  of  dairy  cows,  crops,  and  general 
business  of  all  kinds.  The  best  results  always  come 
to  those  who  manage  the  best,  and  even  when  we  aver- 
age the  general  average,  we  find  that  each  hen  of  the 
whole  lot  would  show  a  profit  of  over  66  cents  per 
hen  per  year,  or  six  himdred  and  sixty  dollars  ($660) 
])er  year  from  keeping  one  thousand  hens  imder  poor 
results,  as  against  the  making  of  over  fifteen  hundred 
dollars  ($1,500)  per  year  from  the  proper  handling 
of  the  same. number. 

The  greatest  value  of  this  test  is  the  cost  of  feeding 
the  hens.  This  is  shown  to  be  $32.43  for  food  con- 
.^umed  by  one  hundred  hens  in  seventeen  weeks,  or 
about  2  cents  per  week  per  hen.  Those  that  produced 
the  second  largest  egg  yield  consumed  the  most  food 
of  all  kinds,  including  green  food.  They  had  about 
four  ounces  i^er  day,  while  those  that  had  the  least 
amount  of  food,  cost  value,  stood  eighth  in  line  of 
egg  production  and  consumed  almost  five  ounces  per 
day,  less  costly  and  more  bulky  food  being  used. — 
Farm  Faullry. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTEK. 


595 


The    Horse. 


NOTES. 

George  F.  Dyer  has  quite  a  good  stable  of  trotters 
and  pacers,  which  are  being  worked  for  speed  over  the 
Fair  Grounds  track  at  Lynchburg,  Va.  The  best 
known  member  of  Dyer's  string  is  the  bay  pacing 
mare.  Little  Belle,  '2:13\,  with  whom  he  won  a  num- 
ber of  races  in  1902.  The  daughter  of  Sidney, 
2  :19^,  is  now  in  fine  shape,  and  will  be  taken  to  the 
races  later  on.  Among  others  in  Dyer's  hands  are 
Sport,  b.  g.,  pacer,  by  Dr.  Hooker,  dam,  the  dam  of 
Josie  B.,  2  :09:^ ;  Pete  Warlock,  b.  g.,  4,  by  Warlock, 
dam  by  Strathiaore;  chestnut  gelding,  4,  by 
Kobert  Mediu,  dam  by  Melville  Chief;  Jim  Rosin, 
b.  g.,  4,  by  Dr.  Hooker,  dam  by  Young  Jim,  and 
some  half  dozen  or  more  well  bred  road  horses.  Dyer 
is  a  careful  painstaking  man  with  a  horse,  and  has 
been  quite  successful  during  recnt  years  with  such 
horses  as  Little  Bell,  2:14  1-4;  Skyland  Girl,  2:19-1, 
Trib  Gentry,  2:20;  Princetell,  2:23  1-4,  and  others 
with  slower  records. 

Mr.  John  P.  Branch,  the  head  of  the  banking 
house  of  Thomas  Branch  &  Co.,  this  city,  has  a  horse 
that  would  most  likely  learn  to  go  fast  with  develop- 
ment in  the  grand  looking  big  brown  gelding  Quartz, 
by  Quartermaster,  who  recently  drew  a  heavy  road 
wagon  a  mile  out  in  2  :37  1-4  over  the  Deep  Run 
Hunt  Club  track.  He  is  being  driven  on  the  road, 
but  ]\[r.  Branch  has  three  others  in  George  R.  Rich- 
mond's stable  at  the  Hunt  Club  tra(?k.  They  are  a 
bay  pacing  gelding  by  Willis,  dam  Louise,  sister  to 
Branchwood,  2  :22  1-4,  by  AVoodburn  Hambletonian ; 
b.  g.,  4,  by  Toodles,  Jr.,  dam  Louise,  and  Thiol, 
brown  mare,  by  Egwood. 

Virginia  horses  were  quite  strongly  in  evidence  at 
the  recent  Baltimore  Horse  Show,  especially  in  the 
classes  for  hunters  and  jumpers.  Courtland  H. 
Smith,  of  the  Hampton  Farm,  Alexandria,  carried 
off  the  ribbon  in  the  class  for  championship  hunters 
with  Chappie  Lee,  and  Tip  Top,  in  the  same  stable, 
came  second.  Grand  old  Hornpipe,  owned  by  Mrs. 
Charles  H.  Hurkamp,  of  the  Boscobel  Fai-m,  Fred- 
ericksburg, one  of  the  most  consistent  of  slow  horses 
and  ever  ready  to  do  his  best  when  called  upon,  was 
also  in  evidence,  as  the  big  roan  son  of  Young  San- 
ford,  took  first  prize  in  the  class  for  ladies'  hunters. 

In  his  private  stalile  here  Mr.  Langhorne  Putney 
lias  a  couple  of  well  mannered  and  speedy  harness 
horses  in  Foxhall,  2 :19  3-4,  and  Foxie  Lambert, 
2 :22.  Both  are  trotters.  Foxhall,  the  chestnut  son 
of  Great  Stakes,  2  :20,  and  Sue  Norfolk,  by  Norfolk, 


is  eight  years  old,  and  just  in  the  prime  of  his  use- 
fulness. "^  He  is  a  product  of  the  Foxhall  Farm,  aSTor- 
folk,  and  one  of  the  speediest  of  Virginia  breds,  and 
when  right  and  fit,  and  gotten  off  on  his  stride,  I 
doubt  if  any  horse  in  Richmond  can  head  him  in  a 
brush  from  a  half  mile  up.  His  sire.  Great  Stakes, 
is  in  the  stud  of  W.  H.  Nelson,  this  city,  while  his 
dam,  the  great  brood  mare  Sue  Norfolk,  dam  of  three 
in  the  list,  is  the  most  highly  prized  matron  owned 
by  L.  G.  Roper,  of  Roper,  N.  C. 

The  annual  crop  of  thoroughbred  yearlings  from 
the  Ellerslie  Stud  of  R.  J.  Hancock  and  Son,  Char- 
lottesville, Va.,  are  to  be  sold  on  Friday,  June  12th, 
by  the  Fasig-Tipton  Company,  New  York,  at  their 
Sheepshead  Bay  paddocks,  and  the  collection  is  one 
of  the  choicest  ever  sent  from  the  farm.  The  offer- 
ings include  full  brothers  and  sisters  to  horses  that 
have  made  history  on  the  running  turf.  Ellerslie  is 
one  of  the  most  noted  breeding  establishments  in  the 
land,  and  the  stallions  and  brood  mares  in  use  are 
among  the  richest  bred  to  be  found  in  the  Stud  Book. 
^     ^     ^ 

J.  S.  Curtis,  of  the  May  field  Stud,  Leesburg,  Va., 
has  been  permitted  by  the  Jockey  Club  of  New  York 
to  register  the  name  Salvini  for  the  chestnut  colt, 
two  years  old,  by  imp.  Saville,  dam  imp.  Star  Ac- 
tress, by  Kendal.  Salvini  was  bred  at  Mayfield, 
where  his  sire  and  dam  were  owned.  He  was  taken 
to  England  as  a  yearling  and  then  brought  back  to 
this  country,  and  in  order  to  register  him  under  the 
name  claimed  Mr.  Curtis  was  assessed  the  usual  fine 
of  $50  for  a  delay  of  more  than  six  months  in  the 
matter.  Had  it  have  been  taken  up  as  prescribed  by 
rules  of  the  Jockey  Club  the  cost  would  have  only 
been  $5. 

Robert  Broadley's  horses  were  in  evidence  at  the 
Washington  spring  meeting,  and  now  they  are  win- 
Tiing  at  Chicago.  Ahola,  the  bay  filly,  3,  by  Aloha, 
dam  Mrs.  Stuart,  by  Panique.  won  recently  in  a 
handicap  for  all  ages  at  f  mile.  This  filly  is  the 
Derby  candidate  of  the  Bradley  stable,  and  the  tall 
A'irginian  hopes  to  laud  first  monev  in  that  classic 
event.  Ahola  was  bred  by  Mr.  Bradley  at  Greenwav 
Farm,  where  her  sire.  Aloha,  heads  the  stud,  and  is 
credited  with  siring  Robert  Waddell  and  other  good 
winners.  -^      <^      •-< 

Albert  Fletcher,  Jr.,  Warrenton,  Va.,  has  sold  to 
H.  V.  Colt,  Gennesseo,  N.  Y.,  a  very  promising  young 
gelding  by  His  Grace,  son  of  Eolus.  The  price  was 
$400,  and  the  gelding  will  be  schooled  to  jump  by  his 
new  owner.  Bkoad  Rock. 


396 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLAXTEE. 


I  June 


Miscellaneous. 


THE  VIRGINIA  STATE  BOARD  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

The  first  lucetiiig  of  the  iiewlv  :i]>]ioiiite(l  State 
Board  of  Agriculture  was  held  in  Rit-hniond  on 
April  14th.  The  members  of  the  old  Board  have, 
with  the  exception  of  ilr.  Browning,  who  declined 
reapjjointment,  been  reappointed.  In  ilr.  Brown- 
ing's place  Mr.  Gillespie  has  been  appointed.  Dr. 
J.  i[.  McBryde,  the  President  of  the  Agricultural 
College  and  Director  of  the  Experiment  Station  of 
Virginia,  has  become,  under  the  terms  of  the  new 
(Constitution,  a  member  ex-otRcio  of  the  Board,  and 
took  his  seat.  The  Board  organized  for  business  by 
the  election  of  the  Hon.  J.  H.  C.  Beverly,  of  Essex 
county,  to  the  position  of  President.  Mr.  Beverly  is 
a  large  and  succe.-isful  farmer,  who  lias  had  several 
years'  erperience  on  the  Board,  and  we  doubt  not  will 
make  a  most  etftcicut  presiding  officer.  We  congratu- 
late him  upon  his  appointment.  He  is  by  education 
and  experience  well  fitted  to  discharge  the  duties  of 
the  position,  and  farmers  may  look  with  confidence  to 
him  to  guard  and  advance  their  interests.  The 
Board  appointed  a  special  committee  to  confer  with 
the  joint  legislative  committee  as  to  the  necessary 
legislation  retpiired  to  lie  enacted  to  bring  the  work  of 
the  Board  into  harmony  with  the  requirements  of  the 
new  Constitution.  This  committee  subsequently  met 
the  joint  legislative  conmiittec  and  submitted  a  bill, 
which  seemed  fitted  to  meet  the  needs  of  the  case,  and 
which  bill  met  the  approval  of  the  legislators,  and 
has  since  been  enacted  into  law.  We  have  not  yet 
been  able  to  secure  a  copy  of  this  law,  but  will  do  so 
as  soon  as  printed  and  publish  same  for  the  informa 
tion  of  our  readers.  We  understand  that  there  was 
some  conflict  between  the  Commissioner  of  Agricul- 
ture and  the  Board  as  to  their  respective  duties,  the 
Comissioner  being  desirous  of  controlling  the  work  of 
the  Department  of  Agriculture  and  placing  the  Board 
itself  in  a  secondary  position.  The  Board  declined 
to  accede  to  this  view  of  their  duties,  and  submitted 
that  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  i^ew  Consti- 
tution the  Department  should  "be  under  the  man- 
agement and  control  of  the  Board,  Avith  power  to  elect 
and  remove  its  orticcrs,"  and  in  this' contention  they 
were  sustained  by  the  Legislature.  Practically, 
therefore,  the  Commissioner  is  now  placed  in  the 
position  which  we  have  always  contended  he  ought  to 
occupy — viz.,  that  of  Ix'ing  merely  the  executive 
officer  of  the  Board.  We  strongly  urged  this  point 
before  the  Agricultural  Committee  of  the  Constitu- 


tional Convention,  and  that  coixmiittee  agi-eed  with 
us,  and  so  reported,  and  further  provided  that  his 
appointment  should  be  by  the  Board.  Unfortunately, 
the  ("onvention  itself  changed  this  into  an  appoint- 
ment by  the  people,  and  thus  placed  the  office  in  the 
hands  of  the  politicians.  We  were  afraid  that  this 
change  would  result  in  a  conflict  of  authority  between 
the  Board  and  (he  (Commissioner  and  perpetuate  what 
had  been  the  bane  of  the  old  Board  and  Commis- 
sioner, and  the  result  has  justified  our  fear.  We 
hope,  however,  that  this  may  now  be  at  an  end,  as  the 
result  of  the  action  of  the  Legislature,  and  that  undi- 
vided and  harmonious  action  may  mark  the  future* 
work  of  the  Board  and  (  ommissioner. 


THE  GOOD  ROADS  QUESTION. 

In  our  last  issue,  writing  on  this  subject,  we 
strongly  emphasized  the  importance  of  joint  action 
by  the  Nation,  the  State  and  the  County  if  good  roads 
are  to  be  had  without  an  undue  burden  being  cast 
upon  farmers.  ^Ve  are  glad  to  see  that  this  view  of 
the  matter  commended  itself  to  the  recent  National 
Convention,  held  in  St.  Louis,  which  was  the 
largest  and  most  representative  gathering  ever  held 
on  the  road  question.  President  Eoosevelt  and  ^Mr. 
W.  J.  Bryan  and  other  representative  men  addressed 
the  gathering.  Colonel  Killebrew,  of  Tennessee, 
writing  on  the  Convention,  says : 

■'Xo  more  successful  Convention  was  ever  held  in 
the  interest  of  any  indiistrial  movement  than  the 
Good  Pioads'  Convention,  that  was  held  in  St.  Louis 
from  April  i>7th  to  the  2'Jth,  inclusive.  In  the  num- 
ber and  intelligence  of  it«  delegates,  in  its  enthusiasm 
aud  working  capacity,  in  its  unanimity  and  single- 
ness of  purpose,  in  the  number  of  able  speakers  and 
freedom  from  partisan  or  political  influences,  it  was 
seldom  if  ever  equaled. 

•'•Two  thousand  delegates,  from  nearly  every  State 
and  Territory  in  the  Union,  attended  the  Convention. 
From  the  first  day  to  the  last  the  most  dominating 
idea  was  the  necessity  of  government  aid  in  the  con- 
struction of  rural  routes — government  aid  to  be  con- 
ditioned upon  an  equal  amount  of  local  aid,  as  set 
forth  in  the  Brownlow  bill.  All  the  speakers,  with 
the  exception  of  one  or  two,  dwelt  upon  this  idea,  and 
the  thundering  ajiplause  that  followed  each  speaker 
left  no  room  for  doubt  as  to  the  sentiment  of  the  Con- 
vention on  this  point. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


397 


'The  best  evidence,  Ijowever,  was  iu  the  adoptirm 
of  the  declaration  of  principles  and  resolutions  on  the 
last  day  of  the  meeting.      There  was  not  a  disseutinii 

•  voice  in  that  large  assemblage.     The  declaration  of 

I  principles  as  set  forth  asserted  that  the  building  of 
good  roads  in  the  United  States  is  now  of  paramount 
iijil^ortance  to  national  prosperity  and  commercial 
supremacy ;  that  the  harmonious  co-operation  of  town- 
ship, county,  State  and  National  governments  is  need- 
ed in  furtherance  of  this  end ;  that  though  the  appro- 

.  priatious  hitherto  made  by  Congress  for  the  improve- 
ment of  the  ri^-ers  and  harbors  were  beneficent  and- 
commendable,  yet  the  time  has  come  when  the  agricul- 
tural districts  should  be  assisted  in  the  matter  of 
building  highways,  so  that  the  benefits  of  the  free 
mail  delivery  may  be  extended,  and  thus  promote  a 
higher  order  of  citizenship,  and  also  meet  the  ever- 
growing necessities  of  the  gi-eat  agricultu-ral  interests 

,  of  the  country,  upon  which  its  prosperity  and  growth 

.  depend. 

"The  establislunent  tliroughout  the  United  States 
of  a  complete  and  pierfect  organization  for  this  pur- 
pose was  recommended,  and  the  delegates  assembled 
were  made  representatives  of  the  national  organiza- 
tion of  the  Good  Roads'  Association,  to  carry  forward 
this  local  organization.  The  work  of  the  Office  of 
jjublic  road  inquiries  was  endorsed,  and  the  sense  of 
the  (Jonvention  was  that  its  opportunities  shotild  be 
enlarged  and  its  usefulness  extended  by  a  larger  ap- 
propriation. 

"The  princii^le  of  State  and  county  co-operation 
was  commended,  and  it  was  more  than  once  empha- 
sized that  it  is  as  much  the  duty  of  the  general  gov 


such  expenditures.  Senator  Latimer  made  a  strong 
and  unansweralfie  argument  in  favor  of  government 
aid.  There  will  be  no  more  earnest  worker  for  good 
roads  in  the  next  Congress  than  Senator  Latimer. 

"The  President  made  some  good  points.  Among 
other  things,  he  said : 

"  Tt  is  the  habit  of  road  building  that  gives  to  a 
people  penuanent  greatness. 

"  'The  development  of  the  iron  road  has  been  all 
that  one  could  wish,  but  it  is  mere  presumption  to 
consider  good  railways  as  substittites  for  good  high- 
ways. 

"  'We  want  to  see  cities  built  up,  but  not  at  the 
expense  of  the  country  districts. 

"  'If  the  winter  means  to  the  average  farmer  a  long- 
line  of  liquid  morasses  through  which  he  must  pain- 
fully force  his  team  if  bent  on  business,  and  through 
which  he  must  w'ade  or  s\vim  if  bent  on  pleasure ;  if 
an  ordinary  rain  storm  means  that  the  farmer's  boy 
or  girl  cannot  use  their  bicycles,  you  have  got  to  ex- 
pect that  those  who  live  iu  the  rural  districts  will  not 
find  farm  life  attractive. 

■■  'We  should  all  encourage  any  check  to  the  un- 
healthy flow  from  the  country  to  the  city.' 

"This  movement  in  favor  of  government  aid  is 
gathering  strength  day  by  day.  It  will  reach  such 
proportions  by  the  meeting  of  the  next  C^ougress  that 
no  Congressman  who  has  any  regard  for  his  own 
popularity  will  be  able  to  resist  it.  Several  conver- 
sions occurred  during  this  National  Convention. 
Several  who  came  prepared  to  resist  the  movement 
were  astonished  at  the  depth  and  unanimity  of  senti- 
ment among  the  delegates  of  all  political  parties.  The 


ernment  to  assist  in  the  building  of  higlre-ays  as  it  is  j  imp^ilse  is  gathering  strength,  and  he  who  would  not 


to  improve  the  rivers  and  harbors 

''The  resolution  favoring  National  aid  is  to  be  pre- 
sented to  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  by  a  com- 
mittee composed  of  one  member  from  each  State,  to 
be  selected  by  the  secretary  of  the  National  Good 
Roads'  Association.  The  building  of  the  memorial 
road  from  ilonticello  to  the  University  of  Virginia 
in  honor  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  who  signed  the  first 
bill  for  the  construction  of  a  national  highway  on 
March  29,  1806,  was  unanimously  approved  and  en- 
dorsed by  the  Convention. 

Among  the  most  distinguished  speakers  at  the  Con- 
vention were  President  Roosevelt,  William  J.  Bryan, 
Senator  Latimer,  of  South  Carolina,  and  Governor 
Cummins,  of  Iowa.  Mr.  Roosevelt  and  Mr.  Bryan 
both  spoke  of  the  necessity  of  building  better  high- 
ways for  the  nation,  and  though  neither  committed 
himself  to  the  proposition  of  advocating  government 
aid,  yet  the  inference  was  clear  that  both  would  favor 


be  swept  away  must  move  with  it." 

We  trust  that  our  Legislature  when  it  meets  again 
in  November  will  endorse  this  movement,  and  not 
waste  more  time  in  passing  useless  road  laws,  which 
please  nobody  long,  and  effect  no  permanent  improve- 
ment of  our  roads. 


PICKING    STRAWBERRIES    IN    SOUTHEASTERN 
VIRGINIA,  NEAR  THE  SEA. 

L'rJiior  Souihern  Planter: 

In  the  early  morning  of  ilay  6th  I  made  a  trip 
to  the  berry  fields  around  Norfolk,  Va.,  in  company 
with  a  photographer,  for  the  purpose  of  securing  some 
views  suitable  for  properly  illustrating  the  Virginia 
berry  business  at  the  St.  Louis  Exposition. 

At  8  o'clock  A.  M.  we  reached  the  farm  of  one  of 
our  largest  berry  growers,  and  found  more  than  four 
hundred  dusky   pickers  waiting  the  order  to  go  to 


398 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


[June 


work.  These  hands  had  gathered  there  from  the 
city  and  adjacent  country. 

They  were  made  up  of  all  sorts,  sizes,  ages,  degrees 
and  conditions.  There  were  old  and  young,  short 
and  tall,  fat  and  lean,  male  and  female — in  fact,  there 
was  a  regular  cloud  of  big  darks,  little  darks  and 
darklets. 

They  were  all  good  natured  and  jolly,  and  while 
waiting  for  the  signal  to  begin,  the  time  was  spent  in 
laughing,  chattering  and  joking,  and  the  whole  mass 
gathered  around  the  packing  house,  reminding  one  of 
a  swarm  of  bees  hanging  on  to  a  big  honeycomb. 

The  acreage  in  berries  on  this  farm  was  not  far 
from  one  hundred  acres.  It  was  one  large  square 
field  with  a  wagon  road  running  through  the  centre 
of  the  field  each  way,  cutting  the  field  into  four  equal 
squares.  At  the  crossing  of  the  roads,  in  the  middle 
of  this  one  hundred  acre  field,  the  packing  sheds  were 
erected  and  the  crates  stored. 

At  about  8:30  A.  M.,  after  the  dew  was  off  the 
vines,  the  signal  was  given  to  begin  work.  The  four 
hundred  pickers  were  looked  after  by  four  sub-over- 
seers, and  the  whole  work  was  looked  after  by  a  super- 
intendent. 

The  day  we  were  there  the  west  half  of  the  square 
was  to  be  picked,  and  the  pickers  in  charge  of  the 
overseers  were  marched  to  the  western  boimdary  of 
the  field,  and  each  one  took  his  position  at  the  end  of 
a  row  of  berries.  Each  picker  had  a  tray  and  about 
ten  empty  quart  baskets. 

While  they  were  marching  from  the  centre  of  the 
field  to  take  their  position  for  picking,  our  photo- 
grapher got  a  good  photograph  of  the  moving  mass. 
At  the  signal  they  all  began  picking,  and  after  they 
bad  picked  about  five  minutes  our  photographer  se- 
cured another  view  of  the  pickers. 

It  was  surely  an  interesting  sight.  The  berries 
were  large  and  a  beautiful  red;  the  foliage  was  a 
beautiful  green ;  the  sky  overhead  was  blue,  while 
the  pickers  were  black. 

It  was  a  scene  once  seen  never  forgotten.  We 
learned  afterwards  that  the  result  of  the  picking  that 
morning  was  something  less  than  one  hundred  and 
fifty  crates,  each  holding  sixty  quarts. 

The  price  paid  the  pickers  is  two  cents  per  quart. 
At  this  price  a  good  picker  often  makes  as  high  as  one 
dollar  to  two  dollars  per  day,  although  they  seldom 
pick  all  day. 

The  market  price  of  berries  has  been  well  sus- 
tained this  year;  the  ruling  price  at  present  being 
from  ten  to  fifteen  cents  per  quart.  For  more  than 
two  weeks  the  crop  has  been  going  forward  to  market. 
The  cool  weather,  so  far  prevailing  in  May,  ripens  the 


berries  slowly,  so  slowly  that  every  quart  is  finding  a 
good  market.  The  berries  are  also  firm  and  are  go- 
ing forward  in  a  splendid  condition. 

Wc  are  hoping  that  the  crop  will  reach  well  up  to 
the  maximum — say  ten  million  quarts — and  we 
are  also  hoping  that  the  average  price  will  reach  very 
near  the  ten  cent  mark,  which  makes  a  round  million 
dollars  for  the  berry  crop  of  this  section.  In  such 
case  the  cost  to  pick  will  reach  twenty  thousand  dol- 
lars, and  this  sum  is  deposited  at  the  very  bottom  of 
the  heap,  so  to  speak.  It  circulates  onward  and  up- 
ward through  the  whole  mass  of  business,  passing 
rapidly  from  the  hands  of  the  pickers  to  the  retailers 
in  our  city,  thence  to  the  wholesale  men,  thence  to  the 
jobbers  and  manufacturers  in  the  great  Northern 
and  Eastern  financial  centres,  from  whence  it  is 
drawn  back  to  this  field  again  in  exchange  for  the- 
great  potato  crop  which  is  to  go  to  market  in  June. 

So  we  see  that  the  "trucking"  dollar  makes  a 
round  trip  in  about  thirty  days^that  is  to  say,  it 
ntakes  the  rounds  from  the  laborer  up  through  all  of 
the  grades  to  headquarters,  and  then  back  again  to 
the  laborer  in  about  thirty  days. 

It  is  not  so  with  "wheat"  dollar,  or  the  "corn"* 
dollar,  or  the  "beef"  or  "pork"  dollar;  such  dollars 
make  but  one  round  trip  per  year.  The  trucking 
dollar  is  the  "nimble  nickel."  It  is  spent,  respent, 
spent  again  and  again  and  again,  passing  through 
dozens  of  hands  in  less  than  thirty  days.  Because  of 
the  fact  that  the  dollar  invested  here  in  agricultural 
pursuits  makes  so  many  round  trips  per  year,  busi- 
ness here  never  gets  stagnant.  Money  is  always  in 
motion,  because  the  tillers  of  the  soil  always  have 
something  to  sell.  A.  Jeffees. 

Norfolk,  Va. 


FREAKS  OF  IRISH  POTATOES. 
Different  Results  Under  Similar  Conditions. 

Editor  Southern  Planter. 

There  is  probably  no  crop  raised  in  this  country 
that  is  more  talked  about  among  farmers  or  oftener 
discussed  in  the  agricultural  press  than  potatoes. 
This  is  not  becatise  they  are  a  valuable  crop,  raised 
on  every  man's  farm,  in  every  part  of  the  country, 
and  constitute  a  palatable,  nourishing,  and  inexpen- 
sive food  to  be  found  on  every  man's  table  at  nearly 
every  meal,  but  because  there  are  some  mysteries 
about  the  plant  and  the  terrible  diseases  to  which  it  is 
subject.  Potatoes  sometimes  do  well  under  certain 
conditions  of  weather  and  treatment,  and  again  do 
poorly  under  apparently  the  same  conditions  and 
treatment.     I   have   known  them   to   do   well   some 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


399 


drouthy  seasons  and  do  poorly  in  other  dry  seasons, 
to  do  well  in  some  wet  summers,  and  to  rot  terribly  in 
other  wet  siimmers. 

I  think  it  has  never  yet  been  satisfactorily  settled 
by  the  experiments  of  farmers,  or  the  trials  at  the  ex- 
periment stations,  whether  it  is  best  to  plant  large  or 
medium  sized  potatoes  whole,  or  to  cut  them  to  one, 
two  or  three  eyes.  That  it  requires  less  seed  to  plant 
an  acre  when  the  potatoes  are  cut,  and  that  the 
smaller  the  pieces  the  farther  they  will  go  in  plant- 
ing, requires  but  little  knowledge  of  arithmetic  to 
compute,  but  the  question  of  cutting  at  all,  and  the 
best  methods  of  cutting  as  a  matter  of  jirofit  is  a 
problem  which  has  not  yet  been  satisfactory  solved. 

When  seed  is  scarce  and  dear  there  is  not  much 
doubt  that  cutting  is  advisable,  and  probably  with 
great  painstaking  and  excellent  cultivation,  cutting 
to  a  single  eye  may  be  the  best.  I  once  raised  a 
heaping  half  bushel  of  Early  Rose  potatoes  from  a 
single  medium  sized  potato  cut  to  single  eyes  and 
only  one  piece  planted  in  a  hill.  The  potato  was  sent 
to  me  by  a  friend,  and  was  the  first  one  of  the  kind  I 
ever  saw. 

I  have  usually  had  the  best  sitccess  when  medium 
sized  potatoes  were  planted  whole.  In  one  instance 
part  of  the  field  was  planted  with  whole  seed  of 
medium  size,  and  the  remainder  with  pieces  cut  to 
two  and  three  eyes.  The  quality  of  the  soil  and  the 
cultivation  were  the  same.  The  part  planted  mth 
whole  seed  took  the  start  of  the  other  at  first,  and 
kept  it  all  through  the  season.  The  tops  were  taller 
and  more  stocky,  and  the  yield  was  the  best. 

There  are  some  freaks  about  potatoes  I  have  never 
been  able  to  understand,  ily  father  had  about  an 
acre  of  sod  ground  on  a  side  hill  broken  up  for  pota- 
toes. The  land  was  clay  loam  and  considerably  mix- 
ed with  small  flat  stones.  It  had  been  seeded  down 
with  clover  and  timothy  for  several  years,  but  the 
clover  had  mostly  run  out.  A  moderate  coat  of 
manure  was  spread  on  the  surface  and  plowed  under. 
The  plowing  was  badly  done,  the  horses  having  been 
idle,  wanted  to  go  fast,  and  the  plowman  did  not  try 
to  restrain  them.  The  conseqiience  was  the  plow  was 
out  of  the  ground  about  half  the  time,  and  the  plow- 
man did  not  back  up  to  plow  the  balks. 

It  was  harrowed,  furrowed  in  rows  about  three  feet 
apart  each  way,  and  planted  the  forepart  of  May. 
The  cultivation  was  wirh  a  small  plow,  the  potatoes 
were  hoed  well  twice  and  hilled  up.  The  tops  were 
still  green  at  digging  time,  and  the  yield  prodigious. 
The  season  was  favorable  for  potatoes,  everybody  had 
good  crops,  but  nobody  in  our  neighborhood  had  any- 
thing that  would  begin  to  compare  with  ours.     I  have 


tried  that  same  ground  several  times  since  with  pota- 
toes and  taken  all  the  pains  in  the  world  in  manuring, 
plowing  and  cultivating,  but  have  never  succeeded  in 
equalling  that  crop,  nor  have  I  ever  seen  it  equalled. 
I  do  not  think  it  was  the  poor  plowing  that  made  the 
crop  so  good.  It  was  good  in  spite  of  the  unfavorable 
conditions.     But  why  ? 

I  once  manured  part  of  a  potato  field  and  left  the 
remainder  without  manuring.  After  haying  came 
on  the  cultivation  was  neglected,  and  the  part  that 
was  maniired  became  very  weedy.  I  inquired  of  the 
man  who  dug  the  potatoes  how  they  were  turning  out. 
He  said :  "Pretty  fair,  but  they  are  a  great  deal  the 
best  where  the  weeds  are  the  highest!"  It  was  true. 
Both  the  potatoes  and  weeds  were  the  biggest  where 
the  manure  was  put.  There  was  plenty  for  both,  so 
they  did  not  quarrel.  The  potatoes  would  no  doubt 
have  been  better  had  the  weeds  been  kept  down. 
Weeds  injure  potatoes  more  than  corn,  because  the 
corn  soon  overtops  the  weeds  and  shades  them. 

Another  time  I  had  potatoes  on  a  field  that  was  all 
manured,  but  part  of  the  manure  was  full  of  weed 
seed,  and  the  part  of  the  field  on  which  it  was  placed 
was  quite  weedy  at  digging  time,  and  the  other  part 
entirely  clean.  There  was  not  much  observable  dif- 
ference in  the  yield  where  the  ground  was  weedy  and 
where  it  was  clean,  but  the  surprising  thing  about  it 
was  that  where  the  weeds  grew  there  was  scarcely  a 
rotten  potato  to  be  found  in  the  hills,  but  where  the 
ground  was  clean,  nearly  all  were  rotten.  It  was  the 
blight,  or  black  rot,  which  was  very  prevalent  that 
season.  Some  may  be  dis230sed  to  doubt  this  state- 
ment, but  there  is  no  mistake  about  the  potatoes  being 
much  the  soundest  among  the  weeds,  but  why  they 
should  be  so  I  cannot  tell. 

It  will  seem  to  corroborate  the  theory  of  the  Ver- 
mont man  who  claimed  to  have  discovered  a  remedy 
for  the  potato  blight  by  covering  the  hills  with  a 
mulch  of  straw  to  shade  the  potatoes,  and  shield  them 
from  the  scalding  rays  of  the  sun  after  a.  rain.  It 
•.vould  seem  also  to  disjjrove  the  theory  that  the  rot  is 
a  sporadic  disease  caused  by  a  fungus  growth  of 
microscopic,  parasitic  plants,  which  have  taken  root 
on  the  pot;ftto  leaves  and  makes  them  wither  and  die, 
1  ike  the  leaves  on  a  blighted  pear  tree. 

According  to  my  experience  sod  ground  that  has 
raised  potatoes  one  year  will  produce  a  better  crop 
the  next  year,  provided  the  season  is  as  favorable.  I 
planted  an  acre  of  thick  timothy  sod  ground  which 
was  broken  up  in  tiie  spring  and  well  tended.  The 
yield  was  fair.  The  next  spring  I  planted  the  same 
ground  again,  and  broke  up  another  acre  adjoining 
it,  and  planted  both  at  the  same  time  with  the  same 


400 


THE  SOUTHEKX  PLAXTEK. 


[Juue 


kind  of  seed.  Boili  patches  received  the  same  tillage, 
!)iit  the  acre  lliat  had  grown  potatoes  the  year  before 
jiroduced  the  larger  yield.  We  wonld  naturally  sup- 
jiose  that  a  crop  of  potatoes  would  extract  from  the 
soil  some  of  its  most  available  and  valuable  consti- 
tuents, and  that  the  second  crop  on  the  same  ground, 
not  finding-  so  ready  a  supply  of  nutriment,  would 
iiave  been  poorer  than  the  first,  and  poorer  than  the 
adjoining  acre,  which  had  been  broken  up  that  spring. 
I  have  seen  good  jwtatoes  raised  by  planting  them 
en  top  of  a  thick  sod  without  any  plowing  or  eulti 
vatiug  whatever,  merely  covering  the  seed  thickly 
with  straw  and  putting  on  a  little  more  straw  as  the 
tops  come  up  tiirough  it.  There  was  a  fair  yield; 
they  were  easily  dug  (by  removing  the  straw),  and 
were  as  clean  and  bright  as  if  they  had  been  washed. 
Where  did  those  potatoes  get  their  food  to  make  their 
growth  {  The  roots  had  not  penetrated  the  sod,  and 
the  straw  had  not  rotted  at  digging  time.  Where  did 
they  find  the  starch,  potash  and  other  ingredients  of 
which  they  were  composed  ?  J.  W.  Ixgh.^m. 


CLOVER  AND  GRASS  IN  EASTERN  VIRGINIA. 

Editor  Southern  Flanler: 

Knowing  what  a  great  friend  you  are  to  clover^ 
cow  peas,  the  vetch,  etc.,  etc.,  I  want  to  report  to  you 
a  little  circumstance  which  happened  recently. 

In  company  with  our  photographer,  we  were  ex- 
l)loring  some  of  the  berry  fields  of  this  section,  for 
the  purpose  of  securmg  some  photos  for  advertising 
purposes. 

After  we  had  secured  our  views  and  turned  our 
faces  cityward  again,  we  passed  a  field  thickly  set  in 
white  and  red  clover,  with  the  white  clover  predomi- 
nating. 

In  the  midst  of  the  field  was  a  Jersey  cow,  grazing 
contentedly  and  literally  and  actually  leg  deep  in 
clover.  The  cow  was  a  Ijeautiful  Jersey,  a  typical 
cow,  and  such  as  slioidd  l)e  seen  by  the  dozen  on  every 
farm  in  Eastern  Virginia. 

The  sight  was  such  an  attractive  one,  from  an  agri- 
cultural staudi)oint,  that  we  had  the  photograj)her 
lake  a  photograph  of  the  "cow  in  clover.'' 

You  know,  Mr.  Editor,  that  it  is  generally  sup- 
juised  and  slated  tliat  grass  will  not  grow  in  Eastern 
\'irginia,  and  it  seems  to  be  the  general  supposition 
of  people  throughout  the  country  in  general  that 
clover  and  other  grasses  will  not  do  well  in  Virginia, 
csjiccially  in  Eastern  Virginia.  Now,  the  fact  is 
riglu'  here.  Our  berry  growers  are  compelled  to 
fight   the  clover  to  kcc|)  it   from  taking  their  l)erry 


fields,  but  the  third  year  the  "pesky  stuff"  takes  the 
berry  fields,  and  really  drives  the  trucker  out. 

Now  the  clover  in  which  our  Jersey  cow  was  con- 
tentedly grazing  come  in  as  a  volunteer  crop.  In 
July,  1!>02  (last  summer),  the  farmer  dug  his  crop 
of  Irish  potatoes.  After  digging  he  harrowed  the 
ground  down  smooth  and  level,  and  the  crab  grass  at 
once  took  the  field.  Later  in  the  season  he  cut  fully 
one  and  one-half  tons  of  crab  gi-ass  to  the  acre,  worth 
ou  the  farm  $10  per  ton. 

This  spring  on  this  same  land  the  white  and  red 
(•lo\-er  has  come  in  almost  as  thick  as  if  it  had  been 
soM-ed  by  hand,  and  a  first  class  stand  secured. 

Xature  seems  to  be  trying  her  best  to  make  man 
understand  that  grass,  especially  clover,  will  grmv 
iiere  in  Eastern  Virginia.  Keep  the  stock  off  this 
volunteer  patch  of  clover  and  it  will  make  a  first  class 
meadow,  from  which  can  be  cut,  during  the  ensuing 
three  years,  a  paying  crop  of  grass,  especially  when 
we  consider  that  hay  is  now  retailing  at  twenty  dol- 
lars per  ton. 

All  that  is  needed  on  any  farm  in  Eastern  Virginia 
is  simply  to  consider  the  matter  of  growing  clover. 
I>et  the  farmer  start  in  with  a  little  clover  seed,  and 
feeil  the  clover  to  his  stock,  thus  getting  the  seed  well 
scattered  in  the  manure,  and  that  manure  scattered 
upon  the  surface  of  the  soil  and  nature  will  do  the 
rest,  especialh-  if  he  kee^is  a  few  sheep  and  some  cows. 

The  "pesky  stuff,"  the  clover,  which  our  truck 
farmers  fight  as  they  would  a  noxious  weed,  secures 
a  foothold  here  and  there  and  flourishes  luxuriantly, 
because  this  is  emphatically  a  clover  section.  The 
crimson  clover  does  remarkably  well,  also  white  and 
red  clover,  also  the  cow  pea,  also  the  veteh,  also  divers 
and  sundry  other  grasses. 

Xo  man  living  cotdd  see  the  old  cow  in  the  volun- 
teer clover  field  and  truthfullv  sav  that  clover  will 


not  grow  ii 
X  or  foil 


Eastern  Virginia. 
Va. 


A.  Jeffers. 


Plaster  of  Paris  will  fill  floor  cracks  as  well  as  a 
more  expensive  filler,  or  one  that  is  harder  to  prepare. 
Paint  as  soon  as  dry  and  follow  with  a  prepared 
hardwood  finisli.  Mix  only  a  small  amount  of  plas- 
ter of  Paris  at  a  time  and  apply  as  rapidly  as  possible 
with  a  putty  knife.  Filling  cracks  in  the  floor  and 
about  the  base  boards  is  a  wise  precaution  against 
oarpet  bugs  and  moths,  and  is  not  half  so  tedious  as 
i-emoving  the  carpets  every  few  days  to  destroy  the 
Inigs  as  some  house  keepers  must  do  all  summer  in  a 
house  badlv  infested. 


I'.ioa.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


THE 


Southern  Planter 

i-UBI-ISHED  BY 

IHE  SOUlHfRN  PLANIER  POBLISHiNG  COiPT. 

richmond,  va. 

Issued  on  1st  of  each  Month. 


PUBLISHER'S  NOTES. 


J.  F.  JACKSON, 
Editor  and  General  Manager. 

B.  MORGAN  SHEPHERD, 
Business  Manager. 


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cne  city  of  Richmond,  T3c 

RE.MITTANCES  should  be  made  direct  to 
tnis  office  either  by  Registered  Letter  or 
Money  Order,  which  will  be  at  our  risk  When 
made  otherwise  we  cannot  be  responsible 

WE  INVITE  FARMERS  to  write  us  on  any 

aRricultural  topic.     We  are  always  pleased  to 

H^f'c:  "'■'"'";?'"   articles.    Criticism   of   Arti- 

PLAnIf^ 'n"'  ■'^r  '°  I'^P™^"  THE 
PLANTER,     Descriptions     of     New     Grains 

?a?tlcu,»r,'f,''^'"''  °'"  generally  known! 
Particulars  of  Experiments  tried,  or  Improved 

llml  InLr^l'",-''""''''  "^  each 'and  aU  wel- 
come. Contributions  sent  us  must  not  be 
furnished  other  papers  until  after  therhavl 

wm  hrret,'°  T  «°'"°'°^-  Rejected  matte? 
will  be  returned  on  receipt  of  postage 

ALWAYS  GIVE  THE  NAME  of  the  Post- 
Offlce    to    which    your    paper    is    sent.    Your 

thiols  done"'   ''*'  '"""''    °"   °"''   ^°°^^   "°'®^^ 
SUBSCRIBERS  falling  to  receive  their  paper 
promptly  and    regularly,    will   confer  a   favor 
by  reporting  the  fact  at  once. 

«,w?-  °^'^'^  °^  ■^'OUR  LABEL  shows  to 
what  time  your  subscription  is  paid 

NO  ANONYMOUS  communications  or  en- 
quiries will  receive  attention 

Address-  THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 

RICHMOND,   VA. 


TO    ADVERTISERS. 


All  advertisements  and  matter 
IDertaining  to  advertising  must 
reach  iis  by  the  25th  of  each 
month.     Please  bear  this  in  mind. 


DETAIL  INDEX  TO  ENQUIRER'S 
COLUMN. 

Covering  Cow  Peas — Cow  Peas  and 

Corn    37S 

Lettuce  Growing  37g 

Cougti  in  Hogs  378 

Cress  Salad   378 

Veterinary  Colleges   378 

Cow  Peas  as  Improvers — Compost.  379 

Sheep  Sorrel — Sheep 379 

Plants  for  Name 373 

Crimson  Clover   379 

Gasoline  Engine   379 

Asparagus  Growing  3S0 

Barn  Building   380 

Broken  Cow  Peas   381 

Teocinte   381 

Japan  Clover  381 

Hen   Manure — Prevention   of   Lice 

in  Hen  Roost  381 

Cow  Peas  in  Corn 382 

Cement  Walls  for  an  Ice  House. ...   382 


SPECIAL    OFFER. 

For  25  cents  we  will  send  the 
Southern  Planter  for  the  re- 
mainder of  this  year  (June  to  De- 
cember inclusive)  to  any  one  who 
is  not  now  a  subscriber.  We  make 
this  liberal  offer  in  order  to  induce 
a  large  number  of  farmers  to  send 
us  at  least  a  trial  subscription. 
We  will  gTeatly  appreciate  it  if  our 
subscribers  will  bring  this  notice 
to  the  attention  of  their  friends. 
They  will  thereby  do  us  a  favor 
and  indirectly  help  themselves. 
Eeinember,  this  offer  is.  for  new 
subscribers  only.  We  have  an- 
other offer,  which  we  make  to  those 
already  on  our  list.  Eemittances 
can  be  sent  in  the  most  convenient 
form,  coin,  stamps  or  money  or- 
der. 


Our  Oldest  Subscribers. 

We  have  quite  a  number  of  sub- 
scribers on  our  list  who  have  been 
receiving  the  Southern  Planter 
since  it  was  established  in  1840. 
We  are  gratified  to  receive  this  let- 
ter from  our  friend,  Mr.  W.  T. 
Harris,  of  Louisa  county  : 

He  writes  as  follows:  "I  have 
been  a  reader  of  tjie  Southern 
Planter  since  1840,  and  I  con- 
sider it  the  best  agricultural  paper 
])ublished  in  the  United  States  for 
a  Virginia  farmer." 

It  is  needless  to  say  that  Mr. 
Harris  Avill  read  the  Southern 
PiANTEE  the  remainder  of  his 
days,  which  we  hope  will  be  many. 


401 
WOOD'S    SEEDS. 

Plant  Wood's 
Prize  Head 
Late  Flat 
Dutch  Cabbage 

FOR  LATE  FALL  AND  WINTER  CROP, 

Our  customers  pronounce  it, 

"  The  finest  Cabbage  for  winter 
I  have  ever  grown." 

*'  The  best  late  Cabbage  I  have 
ever  planted." 

"Makes  the  largest  and  most 
solid  heads  of  any  late  Cabbage 
grown  in  this  section." 

i  „l  D  ,'  ?''***?^  P^'""-  See  page  17  of  Wood's 
Seed  Book  for  la03,  tor  further  information  about 
Late  Cabbage  Seed.  Wood's  Seed  Book  mailed 
rREE  on  request. 

T.  W.  WOOD  &.  SONS, 

SEED    GROWERS  AND   MERCHANTS, 

RICHMOND,  VA. 


^EEBNER'S  ENSILAGE  CUTTER. 

alks.  rendennir  them  palatable.    Stock  greatly  relish 


A  15.00  a 


JBhredder,  Rujii  irltiiieutpower   Uged  f         tti        nn   a     r      ~' 

I  ^n!!!"""  ''••PP"'>'1  to  Puroplog.  obumlng.gTffdJnc  .(('"cltaloe  fr<«. 

I  HEEByEK  JL-  SOXS,  85  Broad  St..  Lanndale/Pa. 


A  BARGAIN. 

1  AULTMAN-TAYLOR  SEPARATOR,  27  inch 

cylinder.     Good  as  new,  $125  UU. 

i:«Piui:^/«T\.,P°u^''  AULTMAN-TAYLOR 
ENGINE,  (Baby  Elephant,)  $200.00. 

DISCOUNT  FOK  Cash. 

Address  D,  s.  GLENN,  Prospect,  Va. 


SEPARATORS  AND  POWERS. 


Sweeppowers.CornShellers.  Feed  Mills  .steel  KolteS.Mo 
Rakes,  Cultivators.  Saws.  Enfrines— 3  to  2j  II. I'..  mountedM 
stationary.      The  UcBslnger  Mfe.  Co.,  Tatamy,  Pa. 


To  iSubsa-ibers: 

Our  readers  will  confer  a  verv 
great  favor  upon  iis  bv  promptly 
notifying  us  of  a  change  in  their 


UB  "Wsbsr JunFor"  fi  /'  VI  "^'""n  '^^  *>  •»■ 

•»u       l>  wwbl  JUIIIUl        U  j  tach  to  pump.  Equal!  30  man 


f^umper 


lade.  Eajy  to  ftart,  any 

can    opernte  it.     Every 

guarftnteed.   Other  aizes 

■  fiOa.P.    Send  for  cat- 

Wober  Qu  A   O&aglinn 

Engin«  Co.,   Box    laS 


402 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


J  unc 


l)ost-officp  addresses.  We  es- 
pecially desire  to  know  this  in  tlu 
ease  of  free  delivery  being  estal' 
lished.  It  is  absolutely  impossi- 
ble for  us  to  keep  up  with  our 
large  list  of  names,  as  changes  are 
made  so  frequently  and  rapidly. 

We  receive  a  supplement  to  the 
Postal  Guide  every  mouth,  but  we 
frecpiently  send  copies  of  the 
SoiTUF.nx  Plantkk  and  lalters 
to  post-offices  after  they  have  been 
abolished,  thereby  causing  both  us 
and  our  readers  delay  and  annoy 
ance. 

Kindly  let  us  know  promptly 
when  your  free  delivery  is  estab 
lisiied. 


WITH   THE   ADVERTISERS. 

The  St.  Omer  Herd  of  Jersey  Cattle 
has  an  ad.  in  this  issue. 

The  Southwest  Virginia  Land 
Agency  offers  some  choice  farms  for 

Heebner  &  Sons  have  a  couple  of  ads. 
olsewhcre  in  this  issue.  One  offers 
their  tread  power  and  the  other  en- 
silage cutter. 

White  Yorkshire  Pigs  are  offered  by 
Mr.   H.   H.   Clark. 

The  Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute 
offers  its  Jersey  Herd  Bull  to  prevent 
inbreeding. 

Mr.  Warren  Rice  offers  some  splen- 
did Shropshires  in  this  number. 

The  Lyon"s  Washing  Machine  re- 
sumes its  advertising  in   this  issue. 

H.  A.  S.  Hamilton  &  Sons,  of  Shad- 
well,  Va.,  are  offering  some  choice 
slock,  which  they  removed  from  ■'Hill 
Top."  near  Staunton.  Va. 

Messrs.  W.  M.  Watkins  &  Son.  pro- 


$100   REWARD,  $100. 

The  readers  of  this  paper  will  be 
pleased  to  learn  that  there  is  at  least 
one  dreaded  disease  that  science  has 
been  able  to  cure  in  all  its  stages,  and 
that  is  Catarrh.  Hall's  Catarrh  Cure 
is  the  only  positive  cure  known  to  the 
medical  fraternity.  Catarrh  being  a 
constitutional  disease,  requires  a  con- 
stitutional treatment.  Hall's  Catarrh 
Cure  Is  taken  Internally,  acting  direct- 
ly upon  the  blood  and  mucous  surfaces 
of  the  system,  thereby  destroying  the 
foundation  of  the  disease  and  giving 
the  patient  strength  by  building  up  the 
constitution  and  assisting  nature  in 
doing  its  work.  The  proprietors  have 
so  much  faith  In  its  curative  powers 
that  they  offer  One  Hundred  Dollars 
for  any  case  that  it  fails  to  cure.  Send 
for   list   of   testimonials. 

Addrees.    F.    J.   Chkxey    &    Co., 
Toledo,  0. 

Sold  by  druggists,   75c. 

Hall's  Family  Pills  are  the  beat. 


ORDER  AND  SEE  THAT  YOU  GET 

Pasteur  Black  Leg  Vaccine 

If  not  obtainable  from  dealers,  refuse  substitutes  and  wire  your 
order  to  us.  Over  20,000,000  calves  successfully  vaccinated  with 
the  original  Vaccine  during  the  last  eighteen  years.  Powder  form 
and  C!ord  form  both  for  Single  and  Double  treatment, 

PASTEUR  VACCINE  COMPANY,  Ld., 

CHICAQO    -    NEW  YORK,    -    FT.  WORTH    -    SAN  FRANCISCO. 


HbcBnEn  o   UT«iTrfa<i 

and  Little  Giant  Thresher  and  Cleaner 

tbrdihln 


1.  o^llndcr.  nil 


or  •  whoU  ndibborbood  tqullr  wM  Oaa  be 


Ttia  thrMhar  U  iikMl*  in  thrvviUM,  31, 
»  ilmple.MiTlohmBdla.llfbt  ranitlBX, 
machlM.  Will  ihrMk  wd  al««n  whMt,  rj»,  g*H 

•Off  bum,  tlmothj.  bM.  C»p»clt7  300  to  WO  bu».    lU- 
iToUiorp*»«rlfpwforT«d,    TrMd  pow- 


H  EEB?(EB  A  BONB,  No.  th 


Ikd  SU.  IjlBMlftl«,  Pft. 


JEnil- 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


403 


Qade. 


"THE   INVINCIBLE" 

-jePOTATO  PLANTERS^- 

is  the  most  practical  and  successful  hand  2°- 
tato  planter  made.  Will  not  clog,  but  under 
all  conditions  does  perfect  work.  Only 
planter  made  with  open  wire  sleeve.  A  boy- 
can  plant  from  four  to  six  acres  a  day 
an  Invincible  Planter.  Strongly  r 
Handles  unbreakable  and  adjustable. 
Read  these  unsolicited  letters: 
Gentlemen.— I  am  very  high- 
ly pleased  with  the  Invincible 
Potato  Planter.  Would  not 
take  $10  if  I  could  not  get  an- 
other. Not  every  farmer  can 
afford  to  buy  a  $100  two-horse 
planter  to  use  only  for  a  day 
or  two  and  stand  idle  the  rest 
of  the  year. 

L.  H.  SNOW,        iBvlHrll 
Phoenixville.   Conn,     imilim 
Read  this:  Pi 

Gentlemen,— I  bought  *|  , 
one  of  your  Invincible  I  Ifllll 
Potato  Planters  as  a  trial 
sample  last  year  anc 
think  it  equal  to.  an  extra 
man.  besides  being  r 
good  back  saver. 

C.  W.  GRIGGS, 
Rose  Valley,   Pa. 

Reliable    Agents    Wanted. 
Any  farmer  can  sell  Invincible  Planters 
sight.     Write  for  terms. 

Circulars  Free. 

H.  H.  WABERS  M'F'G.  Co.. 

Racine.   Wis. 


Just  Ask  the  Horse. 


RED  RIPPER  !p%^ 


Press 


he  will  tell  you  that  it  is  the  lightest  running  press  in  the 
market.  A  lever  gives  the  compression,  and  thepowerin- 
creases  with  the  resistance.but  the  horse  doesn't  know  that. 
He  knows  that  it  is  just  as  easy  at  the  end  of  the  stroke  as 
it  is  at  the  heginning.  The  Red  Ripper  has  an  easy  capacity 
20  bales  per  hour.  Itis  alow  priced,  in  fact,  the  lowest 
priced  hay  press  in  the  market,  and  so  strong  and  simple 
It  never  gets  out  of  repair.  It  can  be  loaded  on  a  farm  wagon. 
Our  24  page  Catalogue  No.  433  tells  you  more  and  contains 
many  testimonials  v.e  have  received  from  Red  Ripperpur- 
chasers.  Distributing  points.  Baltimore,  Memphis, Cincin- 
"^^'-     Address    SIKES  MFC.  CO.,  Helena,  Georgia. 


THE  ''ELI 


King  of 
Balers. 


Proves   its  superior- 
ity wherever  it  goes.  -_—.<::. 
Makes  tight  shapely  bales.aot         ^^jff      ®®  ®'»'' 
loose    bundles,    works     fast,    ^ai^^      "nd  Size: 
avoids  accidents  and  endures.  Little  draft,  tremendous 
power,  k  m»obiDa  of  speolal  fiaturcs.     Writ«  for  free  Eli  caUloguo. 
Collins  Plow  Co.,   1 1fiS  Hampshiro  St.,  Quincy,  111. 


A  Consta-rvt  Stream 


RIFE 


HYDR.AVLIC 

ENGINE. 


water  automalicallv.     Better  than  any 
ngine    or   wind   mill.        Sold   on  30 
Days  Trial.     Fully  guaran- 
teed.     Catalogue  free. 

RIFE  ENGINE  CO., 
126  Liberty  St.,  New  York. 


NO  HUMBUG. 


prietors  of  the  Cottage  Valley  Stock 
Farm,  i-enew  their  advertising  contract 
tor  another  year,  beginning  with  this 
issue.  Aberdeen-Angus  cattle  are  their 
specialty. 

The  Bowniont  Farms  report  an  "ava- 
lanche of  orders  and  letters  for  large 
Yorkshires,   as  well   as  Jerseys." 

St.  Albans  Schooi  has  a  quarter  page 
ad.  in  another  column.  Parents  con- 
templaiiiig  sending  their  sons  to  col- 
lege this  tall  should  look  into  the 
merits  of  this  splendid  school.  Pro- 
fessor Randolph  will  cheerfully  an- 
.t^wer  all  correspondence. 

The  types  showed  an  error  in  the 
n^ldress  of  Mr.  John  P.  Mays'  ad.  in  our 
last  issue.  It  should  have  been  Glen- 
coe,  Md.  He  offers  the  "Maryland 
.Strain"  of  Brown  Leghorns. 

A  useful  little  tool  is  Cronk's  Staple 
Puller,  advertised  by  the  Cronk  & 
Carrier  Manufacturing  Co.,  Elmira. 
N.  Y. 

"The  Wise  Man's  Wagon"  is  what 
tlie  Electric  Wheel  Co.,  of  Quincy,  III., 
calls  its  low-down  farm  wagon.  And 
it  doesn't  miss  the  mark  much,  either, 
as  an  e.vamination  into  its  merits  easily 
prove. 

Frazer  Axle  Grease  is  offered  to  our 
readers  year  in  and  year  out.  And 
numbers  of  them  use  it  for  exactly  the 
same  period. 

Well  Drilling  Machines  are  adver- 
tised by  the  Loomis  Machine  Co.,  Tif- 
fin. O. 

Fleming  Brothers'  Live-Stock  Reme- 
dies are  offered  our  readers  in  their 
ad.  in  another  column.  This  well- 
known  firm  of  chemists  have  an  en- 
viable  reputation   honestly  earned. 

John  E.  Heatwole  advertises  thirty- 
two  varieties  of  pure  bred  poultry.  Get 
his  catalogue. 

A,  T.  Matthews,  owner  of  the  Leg- 
horn Poultry  Yards,  has  renewed  his 
ad.  for  another  term. 

Baker's  Jack  Farm  offers  150  jacks 
and  jennets,  and  some  well  bred  Per- 
cheron  stallions. 

Mr.  T.  P.  Braswell,  Battleboro,  N.  C, 
has  some  nice  Jersey  bulls  and  heifers 
for  sale.  His  prices  are  very  low,  con- 
sidering the  breeding  of  his  stock. 

Mr.  E.  G.  Butler  has  some  choice 
Berkshires,  as  well  as  Herefords.  Look 
up  his   advertisements. 

Essex  pigs  can  be  had  of  L.  G.  Jones, 
Bethania,  N.  C. 

Thr,  Castalia  Herefords  are  in  fine 
shape.  Mr.  Boocock  invites  inspection. 
There's  good  blood  and  farmers'  prices 
combined   in  his  offerings. 

J.  E.  Wing  &  Co.  are  offering  their 
celebrated  Dorsets  in  this  number. 

The  American  Seeding  Machine  Co. 
has   a   seasonable  ad.   in   this   issue. 

Chloro-Naptholeum  Dip  Is  a  great 
lice  killer,  and  every  farmer  should 
keep  some  handy. 

The  Elkhart  Carriage  and  Harness 
Manufacturing  Co.  change  their  ad.  in 
this  issue.  Look  up  the  offering  for 
this   month. 

De  Loach  saw-mills  are  advertised 
in  another  column.     Look  up  the  ad. 


Wise  Man's 
Wagon. 

The  man  who  has  had  experience 
in  running  a  wagon  knows  that  it 
is  the  wheels  that  determine  the 
life  of  the  wagon  itself.    Our 

ELEGTRIG  mllh 


.  idth  of  tireup  toSiiichesT  Witha  set  of  tiic_, 
wheels  you  cam  in  a  few  minutes  have  either  a  high 
oi;  a  low  down  -wapon.  The  Elet-trle  llonily 
Wairon  is  made  by  skilled  workmen,  of  best  select- 
ed material— white  hickory  axles,  steel  av  heels,  steel 
hounds,  etc.  Guaranteed  to  carry -lOOOlbs.  Here  is 
the  wai^ron  that  will  save  money  for  you,  as  it 
lasts  almost  foiever.  Ourcatalog  describing  the  uses 
of  these  wlieels  and  wagons  sent  free.    Write  tor  it. 

ELECTRIC  WHEEL  CO.,  BOX  146  QUINCY,  ILLINOIS. 


WE'LL  PAY  THE  FREIGHT 

id  send  4  Buggy  Wheclh,  Steel  Tiru  ob,  .  $7.2& 
j  With  Rubbwr  Tlrea,  ^l&.UO.  I  mfg.  wheels  ?i  lo  4  in. 
f  trcftd.  Top  Bugglea,  828.75;  Harness,  $3.60.     Write  foi 

catalogue.    Learn  how  to  buy  vehicler  "    ^  -.;---- 

Wago.   ' 


1  Umbrella  FBEE.  W,  V.  BOOB,  ClneinaaU,  O 


Chamberlin   Mfg.    Co.,  Clean,  N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A. 


STUMP  PULLER 


Most  Powerful,  Handiest 
and  Strongest  Built  in 
the  World. 


Catulofirue. 

CHICISO  STUMP  ■ACIIINE  BTO.  Mk 

JOB  1^  Stile  Street,  Ckl««»o,  IB. 


HERCULES  STUMP  PULLER 


Clears  an  acre  of  heavy  timber  land  each  day. 
Clears  all  stumps  in  a  circle  of  l&O  ft.  without 
moTlng  or  changing  machine,    Strongest,  most 
rapid  working  and  best  made. 
Hercules  Mfg.  Co.,  413  17th  St.,  Centrevllle,  Iowa. 


404 


THE  SOUTHEUX  PLAXTEK. 


[June 


Is  It  Harness 

or  any  sort  of  vehicle  that  will 
claim  }-our  attention  this  spring? 
Just  a  word  before  you  buy. 
There's  a  standard.  A  guarantee 
of  absolute  worth,  highest  service, 
longest  life,  most  perfect  adapta- 
bility in 

St\idebaker 

Vehicles  and  Ha.rness. 


rt  afford  to  experii 


.•ithi 


itried 
1  first 


goods  for  the  sake  of  a  small  5-....^  —  ".^. 
cost.  Don't  make  the  mistake  of  looking 
only  at  the  price,  and  getting  shoddj"  goods. 
Quality  should  be  the  first  thought  and 
that's  where  Studebaker's  count.  Stude- 
baker'ssell  at  honest  piices  and  you  are 
sure  of  value  for  your  good  money.  Stude- 
baker  dealer  in  most  every  town.  See  him. 
Postal  us  for  a  catalog  and  particulars. 

StudebaLker  Bros.  Mf^.Co.f 


GET  A&OOD 
iW^IND   MILL 


Dnn'l  buy  a  poor  wind  mill.  Don  t 
pay  a  double  price.  Send  direct  to 
our  factory  for  cata'ogue  of  the 

FreemaLrv 
Steel  Wind  Mills 

nn<i  four  post  ant;lc  steel  towers.  A 
complete  line  of  pumping  and  power 
mills  of  the  highest  tirade  at  extreme- 
ly   low  prices.      We  can  save  you 


ney  ( 


;icle 


S.  Freeman  <ZL  Sons  Mf  j.  Co., 
110  H&millon  Si.,  Racine,  Wi>. 


1  Incline  of  Fcc.l.i 


MARK     YOUR    STOCK. 

,  .       rSE   THE        .      . 

KENTUCKY  ALUMINUM  EAR  LABEL 

Mad*  by  K.  H.  .T.u  K.wis  i  Cii.,  Winchester.  Ky. 
Write  to  them  for  free  siimples. 


if  you  wish  to  know  about  a  really 
cheap  saw-mill. 

The  Chicago  House  Wrecking  Co. 
nas  a  very  attractive  offer  in  another 
part  of  this  issue.  All  sorts  of  farm 
supplies  are  offered  at  very  low  prices. 

The  Acme  Churn  is  being  invest! 
sated  by  numbers  of  our  farmers  and 
lairynien.  Refer  to  the  ad.  and  send 
for    fuller    description. 

Any  one  wanting  a  fine  Virginia 
plantation,  fertile  soil,  fully  stocked 
and  o(|Uipped  can  hear  of  an  excep- 
tional offer  by  addressing  "X.."  care 
the  Southern  Planter.  The  owner  will 
exchange  for  town  or  city  income 
property. 


CHESAl'EAKE  &  OHIO  RAILWAY. 

Interchangeable  Mileage  Tickets. — 
Commencing  June  1,  1903,  interchange- 
able 1,000  mile  refund  tickets  will  be 
placed  on  sale,  limited  to  one  year 
from  date  of  issue,  good  only  for 
transportation  of  owner  with  150 
pounds  of  baggage. 

These  tickets  will  be  good  over  the 
following  lines  suljject  to  certain  re- 
strictions and  limitations: 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  R.  R.  east  of  the 
Ohio  river;  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  Lehigh 
Valley  R.  R..  Erie  R.  R.  east  of  Sus- 
pension Bridge  and  Jamestown;  Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna  &  Western  R.  R., 
Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Railway  east  of 
and  including  Huntington,  W.  Va. 

These  tickets  will  be  sold  at  rate  of 
$30.00  each,  subject  to  refund  of  $10.00 
on  surrender  of  cover  to  the  Trunk 
Line  Mileage  Ticket  Bureau,  143 
Liberty  street.  New  York  city,  within 
IS  months  from  date  of  purchase,  mak- 
ing net  rate  $20.00. 

This  form  of  ticket  has  been  ar- 
ranged for  in  deference  to  the  wishes 
of  patrons  of  the  various  lines  who  de- 
sire one  mileage  ticket  good  over  sev- 
eral lines. 

Agents  at  principal  Chesapeake  and 
Ohio  stations  will  give  further  infor- 
mation regarding  tickets  on  applica- 
tion. 


HEEBNER     THRESHERS     AND 
POWERS. 

Two  machines  which  go  hand  in 
hand  upon  the  farm,  allowing  the 
owner  to  do  for  himself  what  would 
cost  him  a  considerable  sum  if  he  had 
to  hire,  are  the  Heebner  Threshers 
and  Cleaners,  and  the  Level  Tread 
Powers.  Both  represent  high  types  of 
usefulness,  as.  well  they  might,  for 
they  hare  been  manufactured  by  one 
concern,  the  Heebners,  father  and  sons, 
at  Lansdale.  Pa.,  for  upwards  of  sixty 
years.  They  are  the  product  of  a  re- 
gion where  people  were  taught  to  be- 
lieve that  the  surest  way  to  get  on  in 
the  world  was  to  do  for  themselves. 
These  machines  make  that  possible. 
The  powers  can  be  put  to  dozens  of 
different  uses  upon  the  farm  besides 
threshing.  The  threshers  have  a  ca- 
pacity of  from  200  to  500  bushels  per 
day.  The  owner  of  one  easily  does  his 
own   threshing,   and   may  quickly   re- 


W  C  M    DRILLING 


lYIACHINES 


The    roost    successful    mouey-making    ma- 
chines ever  made.     Also  machines  for  boring 
wells    with    augers    by    horse    power.      Write 
us  if  you  mean  business. 
Loomis  Machine  Co.,  Tiffin,  Ohio. 


SE  PARATOR 

FOB    SALr   OR  EXCHAMGE 

A  De  Laval  Huiuming  BirdS.^parator, 
u  perfectcondition,  used  about 20  times; 
will  sell  cheap  for  cash  or  will  exchange 
for  a  pure-bred  Bull  Calf  of  any  Beef 
Breed — ■Polled  preferred. 

W.  H.  MacNAIR,  Tarboro,  N.  C. 


ROUND  SILO 


THE    PHILADELPHIA. 

The  only  Perfect  Continuous  Open  Front 
SILO  made.  See  Open-Top  Patent  Roof.  Ask 
tor  Catalogue.  E.  F.  SCHLICHTER. 

321  Vine  St..   Philadelphia,   Pa. 

.-Mso  made  in  the  West  by  Duplex  Mfg. 
Co.,    South   Superior.   Wis. 


CRONK'S 

Improved! 
Staple  Pullef 

IS  AT  THE  FRONT.    Ask  your  dealer  to  show 

it  Thro*^  wire  cutters,  two  hamuiers,  two  spiicinti 
clamps— all  in  one  tool  A  Staple  Puller  th. twill 
pull  staples  when  no  otuer  make  will.  A  cutier  tliat 
will  reaca  wire  when  tlie  button  cutter  will  not.  One 
day's  use  will  save  t  he  cost  o£  it.  <1.««.  postage  paid 
CKONK  &  CARKIEK  MFG. CO.,  KLmira.N.  ¥. 


SAN  JOS^  SGAiE'anr'cTn':'^ 

OHH      JUOw      WUHLL  jjoii^j    by  using 

GOOD'S    CAUSTIC    POTASH 

WHALE  OIL  SOAP.  No.  3. 

It  also  prevents  Curl  Leaf.  Endorsed  by  en- 
tomologists. This  soap  Is  a  fertilizer  as  well  as 
Insecticide  50  lb.  kegs,  $2.50;  100  lb.  kegs.  J4  50. 
Half  barrels,  270  lbs.,  at  3^c  per  lb.;  barrels. 
426  lbs.,  at  S^ic.  Large  quantities,  special  rates, 
Send  for  circular. 

JAMES  GOOD, 
939— 41  N.  Front  St.,  philaoelphi*.  p«. 


FRAZER 

Axle  Grease  .^iz'JrV 

Its  wearing  qualities  are  unsurpassed,  ac- 
tually outlasting  3  bxs.  anv  other  brand, 
Not  affected  bv  heat.     «ff-Gct  the  Genuine. 
FOR  S-\LK  BY  ALL  1>1v\L1;KS. 


prices  lor 
Writi'  li>r 
prices.  ( 
at  $2.50. 

LYONS  WASHING   MACHINE  CO.,  Lyons,  Mich. 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  num- 
bers can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Address 
our  Business  Office. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


405 


WIRE    FENCE. 

Heavy  lateral  wires,  heavy  hard  steel  stays. 
coiled  spring  wire.  Sure  Grip  lock.  In 
strength,  appearance  and  durability,  the 
Hard  Steel  cannot  be  excelled.  Write  for 
catalogue  and  prices. 

THE  H.\RD  STEEL  WIRE   FENCE  CO.. 
Cuyahoga  Falls,  Ohio. 


fEm 


s  time,  tem- 
per, teams  and 
trouble.  Works 
all  the  time,  looks 
well  any  time  and 
pays  for  itself  in  a 
shurt  time. 


Geiiuine  Spiral  Spring  Wire 
FENCES  AND  KATES 

If  your  dealer  does  not  have  our 
goods  in  stock  you  can  buj' direct 
at  Manufacturers'  Price,  Write 
for  Catalogue  and  secure  agency. 

INTERNATIONAL  FENCE  AND  F.  CO. 
Columbus,  Ohio. 


Page  Poultry  Fence 

Heaviest  aud  etrongeet  made— fences  poultry  IN  and 
stock  OUT.    Dealers  don't  keep  it.    Write  us. 
PAiiEWOVEM  \VlKEFEStKCO.,ADUlA>,JIICH. 


^is^g^gvf)  Li^  LAWN  FENGE 


Special  Prii; 
terlesandChDrchea.  Addresr 
COILED  SPBINQ  FENCE  CO. 
Box    U.       Wisoheater.  la* 


FENCE!; 


STROmCESt 

MADE.       BnU 

fltrong;.  Chlekeo^ 
tight.  Sold  to  the  Farmer  aC  Wholeuk 
Prieea.     9vWj  Wamuit«d.     Catalog  Freft 

COIL£D  SPBISG  FEKC8  CO.. 
Box  6a  irinebMUr,  lodlRoA,  U.  B.  A. 


To  HOMESEEKERS. 

"THE  BUSINESS  OF  FARMING 
IN  VIRGINIA." 

Is  the  title  of  a  new  pamphlet  Issued  by  the 
Norfolk  and  Western   Railway  Company.     We 
.will  gladly  mail  you  a  copy. 
W^  B.  BEVILL.      PAUL  SCHERER.  Agt., 
G.  P.  A..      Lands  and  Immigration, 
Roanoke.  Va. 

WE   HAVE   A    LARGE    LIST   OF 

FRUIT,  POULTRY  and  TRUCK  FARMS 

Ten,  Fifty  and  One  Hundred  Acres  each,  with 

good  buildings,  close  to  steam  and  trolley 

Hues,  easy  access  to  the  city.    Also 

GRAIN  AND  .-lOCK  FARMS 

From  100  to  1. 000  acres  at  low   prices  all  the 

way  from  $5  to  $50  per  acre.    Write  for 

Catalogue. 

THE  VIRGINIA  LAND  AGENCY.  Richmond.  Va. 

J.  R.  HOCKADAY,  Manager. 


cover  the  entire  cost  by  threshing  for 
his  neighbors.  All  grains  and  grasses 
are  within  their  compass,  and  they 
come  from  the  machine  ready  for  the 
bin.  An  advertisement  will  be  found 
elsewhere  in  these  columns.  It  should 
suggest  to  readers  that  it  is  as  good  a 
plan  to  do  for  one's  self,  to  be  inde- 
pendent of  the  coming  of  the  thresher- 
man,  and  to  save  where  savings  can  so 
easily  be  made. 


GWAIAKOWB. 


Gwaiakowe  is  an  Indian  word,  and 
means  "Corn  is  King."  In  America 
corn  is  indeed  the  king  of  cereals,  the 
grain  alone  being  valued  at  consider- 
ably more  than  $1,000,000,000,  which 
is  more  than  double  the  value  of  the 
wheat  and  oat  crops  combined.  In 
addition  to  the  grain  value  of  the  crop, 
the  stalks  when  shreaded  are  worth  as 
much  as  the  ears,  and  hence  the  Mc- 
Cormick  corn  binder  and  the  McCor- 
mick  busker  and  shredder  have  en- 
aoled  the  corn  grower  to  double  the 
^alue  (if  his  crop.  A  beautifully  illus- 
trated book,  entitled  "King  of  the  Corn 
Field,"  will  be  mailed  free  to  readers 
of  the  Planter  upon  request.  Write 
to  the  nearest  McCormick  agent. 


The  proper  ripening  and  maturing 
of  whiskey  depends  on  the  care  and 
method  of  storage.  The  warehouses  of 
the  Hayner  Distilling  Company  are  of 
the  most  modern  and  improved  style, 
constructed  entirely  of  brick  and  steel 
and  equipped  with  the  hot  air  system 
of  healing  and  ventilating,  which 
keeps  the  whiskey  at  a  uniform  tem- 
perature the  year  round.  As  a  result 
their  7-year-old  is  as  fully  developed 
as  14-year-old  aged  in  the  ordinary, 
old-fashioned  way,  and  it's  better,  too, 
for  an  uneven  temperature  of  extreme 
heat  and  cold  destroys  the  quality  and 
flavor. 

During  the  entire  process  of  manu- 
facture and  from  the  time  it  is  stored 
in  barrels  in  their  warehouses,  until 
seven  years  later,  it  is  bottled  and 
shipped,  Hayner  Whiskey  is  under  the 
watchful  care  of  ten  of  Uncle  Sam's 
Government  officials.  It  goes  direct 
from  their  lUstillei-y  to  you,  with  all 
its  original  richness  and  flavor,  carries 
a  United  States  Registered  Distillers' 
guarantee  of  purity  and  age,  and  saves 
you  the  enormous  profits  of  the  deal- 
ers. Read  the  Hayner  Co.'s  offer  else- 
where in  this  paper. 


used  for  years  with  splendid 

Results. 

Greensboro,  N.  C,  Oct.  .5,  1902. 
The  Lawrence-Williams  Co.,  Cleveland, 
Ohio: 
Please  find  enclosed  check  for  $1.50, 
for  which  please  send  me  one  bottle  ot 
GOMBAULT'S  CAUSTIC  BALSAM.  I 
have  used  it  for  years  with  splendid 
results. — T.  M.  Arr.vsmitii. 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  num- 
bers can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Address 
our  Business  Ofl9ce. 


UnMCQ  AND  THE  PLACE  TO 
nUmtO  FIND  THEM.    .    . 

No  place  in  the  United  States  can  a 
man  do  so  well  at  farming,  for  tt  e  money 
invested,  as  in  Virginia.  Lands  are 
cheap;  climate  good,  and  the  best  of 
markets  close  at  hand.  It  is  the  State 
of  all  others,  for  a  comfortable  all  the 
year  round  home.  The  James  Kiver 
V'^aUey  Colonization  and  Improvement 
Company  offer  superior  advantages  to 
land  purchasers.  For  free  36  page  land 
pamphlet,  address 

W.  A.  PARSONS,       Vinita,  Va. 

C  etc  Main  St.  Depot   Richmond,  Va. 

IF  YOU  WISH  TO  sell" 

VIRGINIA    LANDS 

Communicate  with  us.    Write  for  tree 
"Virginia   Real   Estate  Journal,"   con- 
taining many  splendid  bargains. 
R.  B.  CMAFFIN  &  CO.,  Inc  , 

No.  1  N  lOth  St  ,  Richmond.  Va 


NICE  FARM  FOR  SALE 

on  the  Lynchburg  and  Durham  R   R.  at 
Winfall,   Va  ,   laying   on    both  sides  of 
track,  over  300  acres,  good  buildings. 
THOS.  QOUQH,  Lynchburg,  Va. 


VrRGINIA  FARMS 

$3  PER  ACRE  AND  UPWARDS. 

EASr    PAYMENTS.     CATALOGUE    FREE. 

GEO.  E.  CRAWFORD  &  CO.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Established  1875. 

tTe  DIVIO  NT  f^i^^ 

Good  land,  climate,  markets,  shipping  fa- 
cilities, churches,  schools,  good  health,  mode- 
rate prices,  easy  terms. 

HACON  &  CO.,        -         Orange,  Va. 


riUr  rADK/IO  'u  the  great  fruit  grain  and 
rillt     rAnlflO    stoclj  section    of  VIRGINIA. 

jiest  climate  and  water  in  the  U.  S.  Near  great 
marliets,  witli  best  educational  advantages. 
For  further  information,  address 

ALBEMARLE   IMMIGRATION  CO., 
Sam'l  B.  Wooiis,  Pres  Cbarlottesvllle,  Va. 


VIRGINIA  FARMS 

All  prices  and  sizes.    Free  list  on  application. 
WM.  B.  PIZZINI  CO.,  Richmond.  Vh. 


For  full  par- 
ticulars write 
A.   JEFFERS, 
Norfolk,  Va. 


Qo  South. 


BLUE  GRASS  FARMS  and  MINERAL  LANDS. 

Send  for  Frei-  Krai  E-^liite  Hulletiu. 
Soutltwestern  Va.  Land  Agency.  Wylheville,  Va. 


/  Can  Sell  Your  Farm 

no  matter  where  it  is.     Send  desiirii  tion,    state  pncc  Ana 
leani  how.     Est.  "96.    Highest  references.     Offices  in  14  cities, 

W.  AU  Oftrander,  is.s.iN.  A.  Bide..  Philadelphia 


Mention    the    Southern    Planter    in 
writing. 


406 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[Juno 


ELMWOOD  NURSERIES, 


ASPARAGUS 

100,000  2-yr.  old  AsparajrJS  roots, 
5  varieties.  A  .special  rate  of  $o.-50 
per  10"0  for  2  mos.  for  BAKR'b, 
PALMETTO,  CONOVER. 

APPLES 

A  large  jteneral  assortment,  in- 
cluding WINE8APS  and  YORK 
IMPERIAL.^. 

Splendid    Assortment 

of  Ornamental,  Shade 

and  Fruit  Trees. 


from  B.  P.  Rocks.  Light 
Brahmas,  Brown  Leg- 
h  ,rns  at  Jl.OO  per  13.  " 


[ 


WRITE  FOR  OUR   CATALOGUE. 


Wood's  Farm  Seeds. 

Cow  Peas  ana 
Soja  Beans 

Two  of  the  most  important  crops 
for  farmers  everywhere.    Write  for 
leaflets  entitled  "  Soja  Beans  vs. 
Corn "    and    "  Cow    Peas— The 
Clover  of  The  South,"    giving 
special    information   about  these 
crops.    We  carry  large  stocks  of  all 
SEASONABLE    FARH  SEEDS. 
Seed  Corn,  nillet,  Sorghums, 
Teosinte,  Late  Seed  Pota- 
toes, Crimson  Clover, 
Buckwheat,  etc. 

Wood's  Seed  Book  and  Special  Clrcu> 

Bars  f^ivlng   prices  aud  seasouable  In- 
formation, mailed  free. 

T.W.  Wood  8e,  Sons,  Seedsmen, 

RICHMOND,-  VIRGINIA, 


SOJA  BEANS 

HoC.  PER  BU8HEL. 

BLACK  PBAS 

*L10  PER  BUSHEL 
W.  H.  WILSON.  St.  Brides,  Va. 


EXTRAORDINARY  BUGGY  OFFER. 

The  Economy  Buggy  Co.,  exclusive 
makers  of  carriage  and  harness,  Cin- 
cinnati. Ohio,  are  building  one  thou- 
sand of  their  celebrated  Economy  Ideal 
Buggies,  which  are  regularly  marketed 
at  $60,  and  are,  until  June  7th  only, 
offering  them  to  our  readers  at  the  low 
price  of  $42.50,  throwing  in  for  good 
measure  with  each  vehicle,  free  of  all 
cost,  one  Economy  Storm  Front  and 
one  p:conomy  Dust  Hood,  two  essential 
anicles  for  comfort  and  stylishness, 
and  costing  alone  $5.25  in  any  store. 
The  terms  the  Economy  Buggy  Co.  of- 
fers are  as  liberal  as  the  price  is  low. 
They  propose  to  reserve  one  of  these 
buggies  and  storm  front  and  dust 
hood  for  every  person  who  writes  them 
by  .June  7,  1903,  and  encloses  five  dol- 
lars. Catalogue  and  descriptive  circu- 
lars will  at  ouce  be  sent  the  customer. 
fully  describing  all  the  options  as  to 
build,  springs,  finish,  etc.,  of  which 
there  are  many  choices  to  select  from. 
If  the  description  fails  to  please  him. 
be  can  at  once  have  his  five  dollars 
reservation  returned  to  him  on  re- 
quest. If  he  finds  the  description  to 
be  just  what  he  would  expect  to  pay 
$iiO  or  more  for.  he  can  send  the 
Economy  people  the  balance  of  $37.50 
and  shipping  directions,  and  the  buggy 
— just  as  ordered  and  specified — to- 
gether with  the  storm  front  and  dust 
hood  will  be  forwarded  promptly. 

And  this  is  not  all.  When  the  bug- 
gy arrives,  examine  it,  hitch  to  it  and 
try  it  thoroughly  for  ten  days.  It  at 
the  end  of  that  time  you  are  not  per- 
fectly satisfied  with  your  purchase, 
send  the  buggy  back  to  the  factory, 
and  every  dollar  of  your  $42.50  will  be 
returned. 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  num- 
bers can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Address 
our  Business  Office. 


BIG   SALE  OF  HEREFORDS. 

Messrs.  Giltner  Bros.,  of  Eminence. 
Ky.,  send  us  the  following  item: 

We  beg  to  report  the  following  sale 
of  Hereford  cattle  to  C.  E.  Clapp,  of 
Pierryville.  Va.,  which  is  of  special  in- 
terest, inasmuch  as  it  is  the  largest 
single  transaction  ever  made  in  Here- 
fords  south  of  the  Mason  and  Dixon 
line. 

After  figuring  with  the  leading  Here- 
lord  dealers  on  both  sides  of  the  ocean. 
Air.  Clapp  purchased  Acrobat  of  us  at 
$3,500,  which  is  the  highest  price 
known  to  have  been  paid  for  a  bull  of 
I. is  age  (nine  years  old)  in  the  world, 
with  the  exception  of  Grove  3d  and 
Lord  Wilton.  It  is  generally  conceded 
that  Acrobat  is  one  of  the  most  phe- 
nomenal sires  of  the  breed.  There  is 
hardly  a  Hereford  herd  of  note  in  the 
United  States  hut  has  the  blood  of  thi.s 
great  sire  represented  either  in  their 
herd  bull  or  in  their  leading  females. 

Mr.  Clapp  secured  fifteen  females, 
ranging  in  price  from  $350  to  $000  per 
head.  This  consignment  embraces  the 
very  choicest  cows  of  the  breed,  among 
which  may  be  mentioned  the  cham- 
pion show  cow,  Benison,  which  won  in- 
numerable first  premiums,  and  as  a 
producing  cow  has  to  her  credit  Full- 


The  corn  growers  can't  afford  to 
miss  this  chance  of  getting  some  of 
the  earliest  White  Corn  ever  intro- 
duced, known  as  the  "WHITE  CHAM- 
PION." It  has  been  known  to  have 
been  harvested  in  eighty  days  after 
;<lanting.  It  has  a  very  large,  deep- 
grained  ear,  grows  tall  and  makes  an 
abundance  of  fodder  and  feed. 

Prict — One  Peck,  65c.;  Half  Busnel, 
$1.25;    One   Bushel,    $2. 

W.  M.  WATKINS  &  SONS, 

Randolph,   Va. 


IIGGS&  BEADLES 

RULIABLB 

SEEDS 

Selected  SEED  CORNS.  SOJA  and 
VELVET  BE^NS,    COW    PEAS, 
MILLET  and  f-ORGHUMS 
Write  for  prices. 

DIGGS  &  BEADLES,   Seedesmen, 

1711  E.  Franklin  Street, 

-       VIRGINIA. 

Catalogue  mailed  FREE. 


"Crop  Growing 
and  Crop  Feeding." 

By  Prof.  W.  f.  Massey. 
383  Pp.    Cloth,  $1.00:  Paper,  50c. 


We  offer  this  splendid  work  In  connec- 
tion with  the  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 
at  the  followiug  prices: 

Southern  Planter  and  Cloth 

Bound  Volume,  $1.25. 
Southern  Planter  and  Paper 

Bound  Volume,  90c. 

Old  or  new  subscriptions. 


WALTER'S 

Piano  Exchange 

We  buy.  sell  and  exchange  PIANOS, 
do  a  general  musical  merchandise 
business  and  take  trade. 


PRICES  THH  LOWEST. 

TERMS  THE  BEST. 

F.  W.   WALTER   &  SON, 
Staunton,  Va. 


1903.] 


SHROPSHIRE 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


407 


Back  himbs,  yeiirlim;  bucks  and  ewes 
for  sale;  also  Poland  Chinas,  eligil>le  to 
registry.  Pedigrees  furnished.  Farmers' 
prices."  J.  F.  DURKETTE, 

Albemarle  Uo.  Birdwood,  Va. 


Shropshire  Rams. 

In  this  ray  annual  ottering  ot  Rams,  I  feel 
safe  in  saying  that  it  contains  one  of  the  best 
lot  of  yearling  Rams  that  has  been  offered  at 
the  price  in  the  United  States  for  a  long  time. 
These  Rams  are  14  months  old,  and  weigh 
(May  l.ith)  150  to  163  pounds,  actual  weight. 
They  have  individual  merit  backed  by  strong 
breeding.  Careful  selection  will  be  made  for 
parties  at  a  distance. 

ENGLISH  SETTER  PUPS. 

(Count  Rodo,  ex-Gladys  R.,  both  prize  win- 
ners.) 

WARREN  RICE,  Winchester,  Va. 


"WOODLAND,"    239-2569. 


Bred  by  us.    The  (inest  Dorset  ram  we  ever  saw. 
Is  now  at  the  head  of  our  floclt  with  "  WOOD- 
LAND,' 24-J.27-i.T  Imp. 
J.  E.  WINQ  &  CO.,  Mechanicsburg,  O, 


.♦  70  Fine  Native  Ewes  ♦♦ 

FOR    SALE. 

Each  has  big,  fat,  healthy,  Grade  Dorset 
lamb;  also  a  fine,  big,  Registered  DORSET 
BUCK;  tlie  whole  flock  at  reasonable  price; 
aUo  a  Stewart  Hand  Clipping  Mactiine,  made 
by  the  Flexible  .Shaft  Co.,  use<l  on  100 
gnod  as  new,  .SI 5. 
GEO.  R.  S.  CONNELL,  Irwin,  Va. 


DORSETS  and  HEREFORDS. 


I  am  now  ottering  my  superior  herd  bull 
ROY  MAY.  .'ioi.^;!:  anil  somelilie  male  calves.  I 
am  also  booking  orders  for  Dorset  rams  aud 
ram  lambs. 

H.  ARMSTRONfi.  LANTZ  MILLS,  V«. 


filler,  that  stands  at  the  head  of  Mr. 
Sotham's  herd.  This  cow  at  Sotham's 
dispersion  sale  brought  $1,050.  She 
now  has  a  bull  calf  at  foot  by  the 
$(i,000  Protector. 

We  have  reserved  our  choicest  Acro- 
bat heifers,  which  we  are  mating  to 
Britisher.  Champion  of  both  England 
and  America,  On  this  foundation  rock 
we  expect  to  build  up  our  future  herd, 
nnd  surely  from  this  cross  we  are  jus- 
tified in  the  expectation  ot  producing 
a  strain  of  Herefords  second  to  none. 

This  firm  has  an  advertisement  in 
this  issue,  to  which  we  invite  atten- 
tion. 


STUDEBAKER  ORDERS. 
Two  sales  recently  made  by  the  Chi- 
cago house  of  the  Studebaker  Brothers 
Manufacturing  Co.  show  which  way 
the  wind  is  setting  with  big  concerns 
that  are  satisfied  with  nothing  short 
of  the  best  to  be  had  in  vehicles  and 
harness.  The  first  was  to  the  Yellow- 
stone Park  Transportation  Company, 
the  concessionaires  under  the  govern- 
ment of  the  transportation  privileges 
in  the  Yellowstone  National  Park,  who 
have  some  800  iiead  of  horses  in  ser- 
vice. Some  time  ago  this  company 
ordered  from  Studebakers  a  few  sets 
of  harness,  and  having  tested  and  com- 
pared them  with  other  makes  used  by 
them,  quickly  followed  with  an  order 
tor  fifty  sets  of  four-in-hand  harness. 
The  order  was  placed  expressly  on  the 
superior  rjuality  of  the  Studebaker 
goods.  The  other  sale  was  to  the  \V. 
C.  Walch  Co.,  of  Chicago,  and  consisted 
of  sixty  United  States  mail  wagons 
and  si.xty  sets  of  harness  to  go  into 
the  government  mail  service  and  to  be 
made  after  the  approved  government 
designs  aud  specifications.  These  or- 
ders, though  not  of  great  magnitude 
as  Studebakers  do  things,  yet  indicate 
in  a  forcible  way  the  high  standing  of 
Studebaker  goods. 


MISSOURI  AGRICULTURAL  COL- 
LEGE —  GREATLY  INCREASED 
ATTENDANCE. 

The  year  just  closing  has  been  one 
of  the  most  successful  in  the  history 
of  the  Missouri  Agricultural  College. 
The  total  attendance  shows  the  unpre- 
cedented increase  of  30  per  cent.  This 
increase  is  due  in  considerable 
measure  to  the  increase  in  entrance 
requirements.  It  is  also  largely  to  be 
attributed  to  the  better  facilities  for 
instruction,  which  have  been  provided 
through  the  liberality  of  the  General 
.\ssembly.  The  new  horticultural, 
dairy  and  live  stock  buildings  are  now 
occupied  by  their  respective  depart- 
ments, and  in  some  cases  are  already 
overcrowded. 

Dran  K.  J.  Waters  has  been  appoint- 
ed Superintendent  of  Agriculture  at 
the  St.  Louis  Exposition,  aud  has  been 
.given  a  leave  of  absence. 

Professor  F.  B.  Mumford  has  been 
appointed  Acting  Dean  of  the  College 
of  .Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts,  and 
Acting  Director  of  the  Experiment 
Station, 


Horse  Owners!    Use 

GOMBATJLT'S 

Caustic 
Balsam 

A  Safe  Speedf  and  Posilive  Cart 
The  SAfcat,  Best  BLISTER  ever  used.  Takev 
the  place  of  all  llDimeou  lor  miM  or  severe  actioo. 
Removes  Bunches  or  Blemishes  from  Horse* 
and  Cattle.  SUPERSEDES  ALL  CAUTERY 
DR  FIRING'  imposaible  to  produce  scar  or  blemish. 
Every  bottle  sold  is  warranted  to  give  satisfaction 
Price  Sl,50  per  bottle,  t^old  by  druegists,  or 
Bent  by  express,  charges  paid,  with  full  airactiooa 
for  its  u?e.  Send  lor  descriptive  circularB. 
gHB  LAWRENCE-WII^IilAMS  CO..  Cleveland    CK 


Fistula  and' 
Poll  Evil 


You  can 
treiit  these 
d  ise  ases 


yoi 


•If 


and  cure  them  in  15  to  30  days.  Flem- 
ing's P"istula  and  Poll  Evil  Cure  is  easy 
to  apply,  perfectly  safe  to  use,  and 
your  Djoncy  is  promptly  refunded  if  It 
should  ever  fail  to  cure. 

Interesting  Booklets  Free. 

We  have  two  booklets  to  send  you. 
One  tells  about  Fistula,  Poll  Evil, 
Spavin,  Ringbone,  Curb,  Splint,  Knee- 
Sprung,  Lump  Jaw,  etc,  with  instruc- 
tions bow  to  cure  them. 

The  other  proves  that  you  can  cure 
thtm.     Write   to-day. 

FLEniNO  -^kOS..  ChcmistB, 
22  Union  Stock  Yards.     -    Chicago.  Ill 


Shorse  colic. 

I 

N 


Send 

HORSE    COLIC 

in  15  minutes  at  home. 
Address — 
J.  C.  PITCHER,    -    South  Boston 


DEATH  TO  HEAVES 


KEHTON'S  Ue»e,  CoDgb,  DIa. 
temper    and  ladlgesUo.  Cure. 

— --ary  speci&c  for  wind. 


._.  Dealers.   Mail  or  Kx.  paid. 

Newton  Morse  Remedy  Co., 

Toledo,  Uliia. 


FOR   SALE. 

"1  veiv  fine  Family  Orivlng  Horses,  0  yrs.  old; 
1  large  Draft  Horse.  lilOO  lbs. 

125  extra  grade  of  Breeding  Ewes;  their  lambs 
selling  at  an  average  of  $4  per  head.  Will  be 
sold  in  lots  to  suit  purchasers.    Call  on  or  address 

JNO.  MATHEWS,  East  Richmond, 'Va. 
.'miles  east  of  Kichmond  on  SevenPines  Street, 
Cur  Line 


-SCOTCH  COLLIES.- 

Beautil'ul  pup,s,  tine  pedi.iiree  $."i  &  S6. 
Poland-China  pigs,  good  blood,  (no  pedi- 
gree i  J5. 

Bulf  Ri.cks  and  E-i:s,  .?2. 

T.  M.  WADE,  Lexington,  Va. 


COLLIE   PUPS- 


Uy  Imported  Sires  sable  and  white  and  tri- 
colors. Prices.  t.stn51-j.  t  ilderonescorrespond- 
inglv  low-  Book  on  Training.  .W  cents:  FREE  if 
you  buy  a  Collie.  MAPLKMoNT  STOCK  FARM, 
Albany.  Vermont. 


4(18 


THE  SOUTHEElSr  PLANTER. 


[June 


Kentucky 
HEREFORDS 

Ht'adtd  bv  the  famous 

ACROBAT 

No.  6S4G()  and  the  celpbratod 

inPORTED  BRITISHER 

No.  14505G  Chainrion  Bull  over  all  breeds  in 
England  and  Grand  Sweepstakes  Champion 
at  Chicago  1902  Live  Stock  Exposition. 

We  can  furnish  buyers  with  anything  they 
wish  from  the  FANCIEST  THAT  CAN  BE 
BRED  to  the  cheaper  class  usually  desired  by 
the  beginner.  Write  us  before  buying.  Glad 
to  answer  inquiries. 

Qiltner  Bros.,  Eminence,  Ky. 


Hereford  Gattle. 

A  uiuiilier  of   vouni;  Kl•iii^t^:■l■e(i 

HERKFOKD  Bulls  aud  Heifers, 

not  akin,  at  rea,sonnlile  prices. 

STONEHURST  FRUIT  AND  STOCK  FARM, 

Union  Mills,  Fluvanna  Co.,  \fa 


FOR    SALE 
8  Reg.  HEREFORD  BULLS 

From  6  mos.  to  3  yrs.  old. 

8  Reg.  HEIFERS 

From  6  to  18  mos. old.    At  reasonable  prices. 
HAYFIELDS  STOCK  FARM.    Cockeysville.  Md. 


ELLERSLIE     FARMa<-- 
Thoronghbred   Horees 

AND  SHORTHORN  CAHLE, 

Pure  SonthdoiPii  Sheep 
and  Berkshire  Pig*. 

Fob  S.<.le      li.  .T.  HANCOCK  &  SON, 
Chaelottksville,  Va. 


COOK'SCREEK  HERD 

Scotch-Topped 
Shorthorns,^ 

Herd    Henrtcd    by    Governor    Tyler,  1.585  48. 
Young  Bull.s  for   hule.    Inspection    and    corres- 
pondence Invited. 
HEATWOLE  &  SUTER.  Dale  Enterprise,  Va. 


EAST  RIVER  SIDE 

SHORTHORNS 

FOR   SALE. 

Two  Red  Heifer  Calves  to  be 
shipped  about  May  Ist. 

Adiikkss 

JAMES  F.  CLEMMER,     -     Summerdean,  Va. 


SHORTHORNS 

FOR    SALE. 

The  Red  and  White   Bull  Culf  Westover 
1385791  Koan  Cow  Dina,'>  years nid,  out 
of  Red  .Inikef.  also  10  montlis  old   Bull,  to  be 
registered  ll'deslrtd.    1  iini  now  booking  orders 
foj  Pol«n<l-('hiua  pigs  lor  Octolicr  delivery. 
Inspection  of  slock   invited. 
J.  H.  BOELTE,  Redfield  Stock  Farm. 
News  Ferry,  Va. 


DRIED  BLOOD  MEAL. 
As  it  is  true  that  "the  blood  is  the 
life"  of  the  animal,  it  should  be  ap- 
Piircnt  that  Armour  &  Co.'s  Dried 
Blood  Meal,  advertised  elsewhere  in 
this  issue,  mut  furnish  a  most  valuable 
adjunct  to  the  ordinary  rations  of 
farm  animals  and  poultry.  Contain- 
ing, as  it  does,  some  37  per  cent,  of 
digestible  protein — eight  times  as 
njuch  of  it  as  is  found  in  an  average 
sample  of  oats — its  chief  value  lies 
in  the  fact  that  but  a  small  quantity 
of  it  is  required  to  balance  a  ration 
composed  largely  of  such  starchy 
foods  as  corn,  hay  and  corn  fodder.  It 
is  protein  that  young  growing  ani- 
mals most  require,  but  that  ingre- 
dient of  food  is  most  dillicult  to  pro- 
vide in  immediately  available  form. 
It  is  lack  of  protein  that  causes  many 
comniou  and  fatal  or  detrimental  ail- 
ments among  farm  stock.  Among 
these  may  be  mentioned  scours  in 
-•alvcs  and  other  young  animals;  abor- 
tion from  incomplete  nutrition  of  the 
tcetus;  rickets  or  softening  of  the 
bones;  paralysis  of  the  hind  quarters 
in  pigs;  goitre  in  lambs;  bloodlcssness 
in  growing,  working  or  pregnant  ani- 
mals, and  a  host  of  other  ailments. 
Dried  blood  meal,  considering  its  re- 
markable richness  in  protein,  is  cheap 
jnd  in  concentrated  form.  It  will  keep 
poultry  healthy  and  make  hens  lay. 
We  advise  our  readers  to  write  the 
firm  for  their  booklets  giving  full  in- 
formation regarding  its  properties  and 
uses. 


A    BEAUTIFCL,    CALl'^NDAR. 

The  Piano  Division  of  the  Interna- 
tional Harvester  Co..  Chicago,  sends 
us  a  very  beautiful  calendar,  the  de- 
sign of  which  is  executed  bv  Mr. 
(leorge  Ford  Morris,  one  of  the  best 
animal  artists  in  this  country.  This 
is  certainly  a  very  attractive  piece  of 
advertising  and  is  fit  to  adorn  the 
'vhIIs  of  any  library  or  office.  We  have 
also  received  the  annual  catalogue  de- 
'■.Tiiitive  of  the  Piano  machinery. 
Like  the  calendar  and  all  other  ad- 
vertising matter  emanating  from  their 
offices,  it  is  especially  attractive.  It  is 
illustrated  with  pen  sketches  of  farm 
life  in  different  parts  of  the  world  and 
srriall  photo.granhs  of  actual  field 
scenes  on  almost  every  page. 

We  certainlv  advise  all  of  our  read- 
ers to  send  for  both  the  catalogue  and 
calendar,  as  each  is  a  work  of  art,  in- 
dependent of  being  good  advertising  of. 
the  concern  they  represent. 


WHALE   OIL   SOAP. 

Mr.  .Tames  Good,  of  Philadelphia, 
who  has  been  a  regular  advertiser  of 
ours  for  years,  has  some  circulars  de- 
scribin.g  his  Catistic  Potash  Whale  Oil 
Soap.  No.  3.  This  soap  is  specially 
recommended  for  the  control  of  the 
Snn  Jose  scale,  as  well  as  other  insects. 

Mr.  Good  will  very  cheerfully  mail 
this  circular  or  give  other  information 
to  all  ntiiserymen  and  orchardlsts  who 
are  interested. 


ANGUS  CATTLE  FOR  SALE 

AT  A  BAH.GAIN. 


High-Grade  and  Registered  Angus 
Cattle:  all  ages  of  males  and  females. 
Get  our  prices  before  you  purchase. 
We  can  save  you  money. 

One  Verv  Fine  Dark-Gray  Horse,  16 
h?-nds,  weighs  1,125.  He  is  very 
stylish,  nuiclc  and  active.  A  splendid 
driver,  well  broken  in  single  and 
double  harness  and  a  fast  mover.  He 
is  cheap  at  our  price,  .$200.00. 

W.  M.  WATKINS  &  SONS, 
Randolph,   Va. 

Charlotte  county. 


ABERDEEN-ANGUS  BULLS  FOR  SALE. 

1.  Mv  Herd  Bull,  ROCKBRIDGE  ABAC- 
TOR   No    40364,  3  yrs,  old  Dec.  2d  last;  $400. 

2  A.  Bull  Calf,  born  Dec.  20th;  sired  by  *he 
above  "Abactor";  dam,  "Pride  of  Potomac"; 
No.   42607;    $100.  .     j    k_ 

3  A  Bull  Calf,  born  Dec.  12th;  sired  by 
the  above  "Abactor";  dam,  a  thorouphbred 
Angus  Cow  bred  by  the  late  William  A.  RuB. 
Pure  breeding  can  be  shown  for  this  calt, 
but  being  out  of  an  unrecorded  dam  he  can- 
not be  registered;  $50. 

None  of  these  will  be  sold  until  October, 
aud  should  the  calves  at  that  tlfe  not  prove 
to  be  good  specimens  of  the  breed  they  will 
be  withdrawn   from  sale. 

p.   F.    DAY.    Glasgow.    Va. 


MONTEBELLO  HERD  OF 

Aberdeen-Angus  Cattle. 

3  Reg.  Bull  Calves  for  sale.  Ages,  s.  4  and  3 
"iT-'horoughbred  (not  entitled  to  registration), 
male,  2  mouths  old. 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS  of  Biltmore  Strain. 

L.      H.     GRAY.     LOCK     BOX    58.    ORiNGE.    V*. 


SHORTHORN  3  to  10  mos.  oid 

FOR   SALE. 

Close  descendanlsof  the  World's  Fair  greatest 
winners  in  l«9:i,  and  also  "P  to  the  P^^^^ent  time. 
PfEciAL  Offeu:— a  1-year  old  Roan  Bull  Calf  at 
«~h  If  taken  soon. 

Poland-China  Pigs  of  the  best  and  most  fash- 
ionable breeding.  Spring  .Figs  now  ready 
Pedigree  furnished  with  all  stock  sold.  Come 
or  write. 

WM,  T.  THRASHFR.  Springwood,  Va. 

WE  WILL  EXCHANGE  A 

Reg.  SHORTHORN 

(Burham)  linll.  2  years  old,  well  bred,  for  bull 
of  same  breed  to  avoid  inbreeding  Weref-rto 
former  owner.   Mr.   R.   L.  Owen,  of  Lexington, 

^  "■     o'cVoNEECHEE  FARM,  Dckham,  N.  C. 


ANGORA  GOATS  pJJS:7;yH<^' 

cnlar  address  E.  W.  COLE  &  CO.,  Big  Clilty,  Ky. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


40-.) 


V.P.I. 

Farm  Bulletin 

Our  Jersey  Herd  Bull  for  sale— PEDRO'S 
VIRGIMUS,  45919.  grandson  of  Pedro.  31S7. 
and  of  Marjoram  Second.  12805,  both  of 
World's  Pair  fame.  The  Bull  offered  has 
been  used  in  our  herd  for  several  years,  and 
ib    sold    to    prevent    in-breeding.    Price    low, 


quality  considered. 


D.  0.  NOURSE,  Prof,  of  Agr. 
Blacksburg,  Va. 


Swift    Creek  Stock  and    Dairy  Farm 

Has  for  sale  a  large  num 
ber  of  uloe  vourig  regis- 
tered A.  J.  C.  C. 

JERSEY  BULLS 
AND  HEIFERS. 

None  better  bred  in  the  South.  Combining 
closely  the  most  noted  and  up-to-date  blood 
In  America.  Bulls  10  to  12  months  old,  $25; 
Heifers,  same  age,  $35.  POLAND  CHINA 
PIGS,  $5  each.  Send  check  and  get  what 
jou  want. 

T.  P.  BRASWELL.  Prop."  Battleboro,  N.  C. 

REGISTERED    JERSEY    BULLS    ""    ''^^ 
AT   A    BARGAIN. 

Calves  1  and  2  yr.  olds;  al.so 
EGGS  FOR  HATCHING,  W.  &  B.  P.  Rocks, 
W.   &  B.  Leghorns,   and   S     L.    Wyan- 
dottes,  75  cents  for  15. 

J.  B.  JOHNSOX,  Manassas,  Va. 
"Clover  Hill  Farm." 

ST.    OMER    HERD 

Otters  young  bulls  fit  for  service,  out  of 
tested  dams  with  good  yearly  records.  Strong 
In  Exile  of  St.  L.,  King  of  St.  L.  and  Stoke 
Pogis  of  Prospect.    Reasonable  prices. 

JOS.  T.  HOOPES,  Bynum,  Md. 


WANTED— Pair  Pure  Bred  PERCHBRON 
and  CLYDESDALE  Brood  Mares;  DUROC 
Boar  and  Sows;  one  SHROPSHIRE,  SOUTH- 
DOWN and  LINCOLN  Ram  and  Ave  Ewes. 
Address  STOCK,  care  Southern  Planter,  with 
prices   and    particulars. 

Don't  Like  Cheap  Stuff  No  How 

Even  the  best  is  never  too  good.  You'd 
better  buy  of  Owens.  Finest  Stock.  Prices 
right.  DUROC  JERSEY',  best  all  purpose 
hog;  also  POLAND  CHINA.  B.  P.  R.  Chick- 
ens. M.  B.  Turkeys.  M.  P.  Ducks.  Eggs  In 
season.  Write,  or  better  still,  call  and  see. 
THE  CEDARS  wn.  G.  OWENS, 

P.  and  S.  FARH.  Midlothian,  Va. 

150  JACKS,  JENNETS 

V  and  Mules  150 

^^^^^^^^^^^  Best  assortment  I  ever  owned. 
^^^^^^^B     Can 
^B^^^^M     for  description  and  prices, 
a  WaIso  will  sell  two  Percheron 

^^P^^^^J    Stallions  at  cloi^e  figures. 
BAKER'S  JACK  FARM,  Lawrence.  Ind. 


HAVE  YOU  PAID  UP? 
Recently  we  sent  a  bill  to  every  sub- 
scriber who  is  in  arrears  for  his  sub- 
scription. The  response  was  prompt 
and  gratifying  in  the  extreme.  There 
are  some  few  others  who  have  not  yet 
remitted.  We  would  thank  these  to 
kindly  give  this  very  small  matter 
their  attention  at  once.  The  amount 
is  small  as  a  separate  item,  but  a  few 
hundred  such  will  amount  to  quite  a 
sum.  We  cannot,  at  50  cents  a  year, 
carry  many  delinquents.  Please  let 
us  hear  from  you. 


ANTI-DIRT    MILK    PAIL. 

Messrs.  Hening  &  Nuckols,  whose 
advertisement  appears  regularly  in 
our  columns,  are  offering  in  this  issue 
a  very  useful  device  for  farmers  and 
dairymen  in  the  shape  of  an  anti-dirt 
milk  pail.  If  is  a  very  simple  arrange- 
ment, consisting  of  a  block-tin  bucket 
v.'ith  two  sets  of  strainers  independent 
of  each  other.  Should  any  dirt  by 
chance  get  through  the  outside  strain- 
er, the  second  one  underneath  is  sure 
to  catch  it. 

This  pail  also  has  9,  device  which 
a>rates  and  cools  the  milk  as  it  runs 
into  the  bucket. 

Any  one  interested  will  receive  an 
illustrated  circular,  together  with  tes- 
timonials from  users,  free  on  applica- 
tion. 


SHORTHORNS  AND  SOUTHDOWNS 
AT  "ELLEllSLIE." 
Messrs.  R.  J.  Hancock  &  Son,  of  the 
famous  "Ellerslie"  Stock  Farm,  have 
their  annual  offering  of  Shorthorn  Cat- 
tle and  Southdown  Sheep  in  another 
column.  The  Shorthorns  consist  of 
some  choice  bulls  3  to  6  months  old 
by  Fairfax,  the  splendid  grandson  of 
knight  of  the  Thistle.  The  South- 
downs  are  rams  bv  the  imported  War- 
wick, of  Kinc  '^'i"'ard'«  S'>nflringham 
flock.  All  stock  in  good  working  con- 
fiition,  and  is  being  sold  at  farmers' 
prices. 


A  MATTER  OF  PEDIGREE. 

"Marcus."  said  Rastus  Bivins  to  his 
son.  who  had  just  returned  from  col- 
lege with  a  great,  bushy  head  of  hair, 
"Marcus,  what  in  the  name  of  com- 
mon sense  did  you  learn  at  school, 
anyway?  You  can't  saw  the  wood;  you 
v/on't  plough;  you  won't  go  to  work; 
you  won't  do  nothing  but  sit  around 
here  and  read.  I'm  getting  tired  of  iti 
I'm  getting  tired  of  it!  If  you  don't 
do  something,  young  man,  and  that 
pretty  soon.  I'm  going  to  enter  you  at 
the  State  fair  in  the  hog  show.  That 
hair  of  yourn  might  help  you  some 
there." 

"Don't  worry  about  '"  -  "  " 
said  Marcus  affectionately.  "Don't 
worry  about  that;  I  wouldn't  take  any 
prize,  because,  you  see,  I  have  no 
pedigree." — Silas  Xavier  Floyd,  in  Lip- 
piiicoit's  for  May. 


RERKSHIRES 

ANNEFIELD  HERD        *..... 

3,™.  C^  Represents   the 

Finest  Blood  Lines 

in  England  or  America. 

Stock  for  sale  at  all  times. 


EDW.  G.  BUTLER,  Annefield  Farms, 

Briggs,  Clarke  Co.,  Va. 


REGISTERED 

BERKSHIRES. 

One  2  yr.  old  boar;  and  youug  stock 
10  wks     Both  Sexes. 
"Mansfield  W.  E.  HAMMOND, 

Farm,"  Goochland,  C.  H.  Va. 


CHOICE  YOUNG 

BERKSHIRE5 

of  Both  Sexes,  for  Sale. 

By  Highclere  Topper  of  Biitmore  II,  out  of 
Imported  Harlene. 

Miniborva  Farm,  Box  901,  Richmond,  Va. 


HAWKSLEY  STOCK  FARM. 

Large    ENGLISH    BERKSHIRES 
B.  P.  ROCKS  FOWLS, 

Eggs  from  same,  SI  per  13. 
J.  T.  OLIVER,       Alfen's   Level,  Va. 


FOR    SaL£2. 

Large  English  Berkshire  Hogs, 
Barred   Plymou  h  Rocl<  Chickens 

BEN.  BOLT,  60747,  430  lbs.  as  a  yearling  at 
head  of  herd.       ;f  rEGGS  IN  SEASON. 
JOHN  P.  FOSTER,  Nocreek,  Ohio  Co.,  Ky. 


ESSEX  PIGS-FOR  SALE. 


8ome  fine  rigs,  from 
Registered  .Stoc  ,  not 
mated,  at  5IO.OO  per  pair, 
crated  F.  O.  B.  8  to  10 
weeks  old.    Your  orders 

llcitcd. 

L.  Q.  JONES,  Bethania,  N.  C. 


C.  Whites.  Fine  laro. 
strains.  All  ages,  malt--' 
not  a  in,  J<  week,  ]ai,'s 

Bredsows.  Service bt-iu; _ 

and  Ponltry.    Write  lor  prices  and  free  circular 
P.  F.  HAMI'LTON.  rochraiivillc,  Chester  Co.,  P.' 


Mention    the    Southern    Planter    ;:i 
writing. 


410 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEE. 


[June 


LEGHORN  POULTRY  YARDS 


Have  for  sale  a  limited  number  of  Single 
Comh  Brown  and  White  Leghorn  Pullets  and 
Roosters,  Best  layers  known.  Prize-winning 
stock.  Price,  $1  to  $1.50  each.  Eggs  in  season 
at  tl  for  16:  $.'i  per  lOO.  Satisfaction  guaran- 
teed.    Address 

A.  T.  MATTHEWS,  Box  36.  Parlisley.  Va. 

EGGS      EGGS     EGGS 

That  will  hatch  out  Doi.i.ii:^  Not  real  rtol- 
lars,  but  Tiir  lie  J  s  and  Cbickent.  of  the  best  strains 
in  thlscountjy,  which  will  net  the  owner  more 
real  dolia's  of  prolit  tlian  anvnthers.  I  handle 
"Nothing  but  the  Best  ■  in  nir  line.  Slv  prices 
are  higher  tnan  some  others,  but  thequaliiy 
more  than  makesthertiflerence.  National stialn 
Uammoth  lironze  Turkevs,  sitting  13,  j"  Nat- 
ional strain.  Barred  Plymouth  Roct  ChlckenB. 
Bitting,  ]:,  SI. 50. 

PIEDMONT   POULTRY    PLACE, 
Miss  E.  Callie  Giles,  Prop.  Whittle's  Depot,  Va. 


SHADOW  -  BROOK  -  POULTRY  -  YARDS. 

PnflQ   '''"'  HATCHING,    B.  P.  Rock  Egirs,  si 
LUUO    pi>::».     f'ekinDuckEggs,  SI  |.er2li 

IVciigrecl  3cotch  Collie  Pups,  S.ieHch  Train- 
ed yearling  Collies,  Slo 

A  sure  liome  rente  ly  for  chicken  clinlera  and 
rouu,  &<•.  each.  Also  a  certain  e.xterininator  of 
cabbage  and  currant  worms  ami  potato  lings,  2.ic 
Both  are  inexpensive,  sale  and  sure 

C.  H.  BENNETT.  Goodman.  Va. 

BROWN  LEGHORNS 

[ROSE  COHB.] 

"  The  Celebratefl  Maryland  Strain."  Prize 
Winners.    Kggs.  Jl  DO  per  15:  S.i.60  per  hundred. 


JOHN  P.  MAYS, 


Glencoe    Maryland. 


32  Varieties! 
Best  Poultry 

riniillrv  l-^.. ,.„...  .-I 1.1  I      ..  »,. 


1-1  SE  ll.l.US- 
TRATKDCAT- 
A  L  ()  fi  f  K  for 
stamp,  if  you 
mention  this 
paper.     All 


poultry  ke.-ii 


JNO.  E.  HEATWOLE,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 

SILVER    WYANDOTTES 

EXCLUSIVELY. 

Famous  "Blue  Grass"  Strain:  none  finer. 
i^Kge,  %l  per  13:  $2  per  30.  22  years  a  breeder 
una  shipper. 

S.  P.  YODER.  Denbigh.  Va. 


GOOD  ROADS. 

-\    K.\K.Mt;it's   COMrLAIST. 

Good    roads  are  what   we     need,   and 

need  'em  bad; 
In  this  there  is  no  greed,  yet  'tis  sad 
To   see   the   towns   get   all    the   plums 
While  we  get  only  crumbs. 

There's  riches  in  good  roads  did  towns 

but  know  it; 
We  farmers  then  could  send  great  loads 

of  produce  there  to  store  it; 
An'  yet  we're  denied  this  one   boon — 

good  roads — 
They'll    repent,    ah,    soon! 

Mud     bottoms,     they     say,     are     good 

enough  for  us; 
'No  Stale  tax — the  town  can  pay  for 

roads. 
A    trust   is   what   you    need. 
Buy  up  all  the  good  roads  and  then  be 

rich — you  greed!" 

Thank   you,   we're   not   a   speculator— 

we'll  wait  awhile — 
Kind  nature  sends  the  mud,  and  later, 

we'll   see  you   smile — 
A  sickly  smile,  when  you  behold  our 

gi'ain  and   produce 
Pass  by  your  door,   and  sold, 

April   1,   1903.  E.   C.   M. 


Little  Chicks 

thrive  when  fed  on  our 

BABY  CHICK  FOOD. 

\  l>erlecl  l)iilaneed  food.  Send  for  free 
sample  and  our  lartre  illustruted  catalog 
of  POULTRY.SUPPLIES, 

INCUBATORS  and 

BROODERS. 

FANCIERS'  SUPPLY  CO., 

517-519  West  Broad  St., 

Richmond,  Va. 

EVERYTHING     FOR    THE    FANCIER. 


White  Plymouth   Rock 


iv_"-'s  (hirinu'  .luiieaud  ,Julv,  13  for 
75c.;  30  for  $1.50.  No  White  Hol- 
luuil  'J'urkev  eggs  for  sale  after 
.Tunc  10th. 


J0f1l\  A     CLARK. 


Shirley.    Va- 


MR.    HICK'S    ORGY. 

Mr.  Caleb  Hicks,  of  Bowman's 
"Crick,"  a  settlement  not  many  miies 
from  Wilkesbarre,  Pa.,  had  a  novel 
e.Kperieuce    during   Christmas    week. 

Though  Mr.  Hicks  had  toiled  on  his 
farm  till  he  had  reached  the  ripe  age 
of  62  years,  he  had  never  been  so  far 
away  from  home  as  Wilkesbarre. 
Having  disposed  of  his  fall  crop  of 
turkeys  most  advantageously,  and  be- 
lieving himself  to  have  attained  years 
of  discretion,  he  decided  to  drive  to 
town  and  make  a  day  of  it.  Since  his 
return  he  has  had  much  to  say  of  the 
sights  he  saw  in  the  city,  but  perhaps 
none  of  his  adventures  proved  quite  so 
thrilling  as  his  visit  to  the  theatre. 

"I  found  out  about  the  the-a-tre," 
says  Mr.  Hicks,  "and  I  foUored  a 
crowd  goin'  in.  They  charged  me  75 
cents  fer  a  seat — 75  cents,  mind  you. 
Well,  1  paid  it,  for  1  didn't  want  to"  git 
into  no  dispute,  and  they  took  me  in 
and  set  me  down  in  a  velvet  chair. 
There  in  front  of  me  was  the  biggest 
ptcture  I  ever  see,  and  the  best,  by 
jingo!  A  oil  painting  it  was,  bigger 
tlian  two  double  barn  doors.  I  set  an" 
admired  it  awhile,  and  pretty  soon  a 
lot  of  fiddlers  came  in  and  began  to 
play.  There  must  have  been  a  dozen 
of  'em.  They  all  played  at  the  same 
time.  Made  good  music,  too,  darned 
if  they  didn't!  Never  see  fellers  keep 
together  so  well  as  they  did.  They 
played  several  tunes;  none  of  'em  I 
ever  heard  before,  but  'twas  good, 
lively  music. 

"First  thing  I  knew  the  big  picture 
began  to  roll  up,  darned  if  it  didn't! 
Went  clean  up  to  the  ceiling  on  a  pole. 
Then  some  people  came  out  and  began 
talking    to    each    other.      They    didn't 


WANTED! 

ALL  KINDS   OF 

LIVF  Wl    0  BIRDb  AND  ANIMALS 

Particularly    Deer.    Wild    Turkeys,    White 

Squirrels.    Ducks.   Swans,    Etc. 

CECIL   FRENCH, 

718  Twelfth  St.  N.  W.,  Washington.  D.  C. 


BARRED  and   BUFF 

PLYMOUTH  =  ROCKS 

AT   HALF   PRICE. 

FRED  NUSSEY  SUMMIT,  Spots.  Co,,  Va. 


White    Leghorns. 

Egg  Record — 2.21c!  eggs  In  one  year 
from  eighteen  hens. 
Eggs,  ?2  per  15;  ?3  per  60. 

Write  for   circular  to-day. 
C.  G.  M.  FPNK,  1409  W.  Leigh  St..  Richmond,  Va. 


BARRED  P.  ROCKS  and 
S.  C.  B.  LEGHORNS. 

l.i  eggs.  SI  00;  30,  Sl.T.i. 

Pekin    Ducks— U  eggs,  $1;  22,  81.7,5. 

liargjiins  in   iNtrrnATORtt,  Organ'9  and   Pr.\N09. 

Satisfaction  guaranteed.   Rev.  J.  W.  HECKMAN, 


Spottsvi 


VNIA,  Va. 


•  •*.  ■WHITE    MINORCAS.-*.* 

Tlic  l.csl  ..llavcTs.  bis  true  Minorca  shape  birds 
that  win  .-verywhere.    The.v  will  please  you. 

Kgns  rciliicod  jirices  now.    Catalog  free. 
r.  S.  Bullin^ton.  Box  P.  KicHm-d.  Va 


Aryshires,   Berkshires  and  Oxford-Downs. 

Ayrshire  Calves  of  both  sexes,  Berkshire 
rigs  and  Boar  and  2  Oxford- Down  Rams  for 
sale.  MELROSE  CASTLE  FARM. 

Enos   H,   Hess,    Manager,   Casanova,   Va. 


WHITE     YORKSHIRE 

IlKSeniiilecl  to  regisiralinn,  Koit  Sale. 
Henry  H.  Clarke,  ■■Chantilly," 

Broad  Street  Road,  Richmond,  Va. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


411 


talk  about  anything  I  was  interested 
in,  so  I  got  lip  and  came  home.  But, 
by  jingo!  that  the-a-tre  was  a  great 
place,  and  I'm  going  to  kick  over  the 
traces  again  some  day  and  go  back." — 

C.\B0LINE       LOCKHART        (SIZETTE),       ill 

May  Lippincott's  Magazine. 


THE    SCHOOL-BOY    OF    1903. 

"Tommy,  have  you  been  vacci- 
nated?" 

"Yes,   ma'am," 

"Have  you  had  your  vermiform  ap- 
pendix removed?" 

"Yes,   ma'am." 

"Do  you  use  sterilized  milk?", 

"Yes,   ma'am." 

"Is  your  home  connected  with  the 
city  sewer?" 

"Yes,   ma'am." 

"Have  you  shed  all  your  milk- 
teeth?" 

"All  but  one." 

"Have  you  a  certificate  of  inocula- 
tion for  the  croup,  chicken-pox  and 
measles?" 

"Yes,   ma'am." 

"Is  your  lunch  put  up  in  Dr.  Koch's 
patent  antiseptic   dinner-pail?" 

"Yes,   ma'am." 

"Have  you  your  own  sanitary  slate- 
rag  and  disinfected  drinking-cup?" 

"Yes,   ma'am." 

"Do  you  wear  a  camphor-bag  around 
your  throat,  a  coUapsibfe  life-belt,  and 
have  you  insulated  rubber  heels  on 
your  shoes  for  crossing  the  trolley- 
line?" 

"All  of  these." 

"Have  you  a  pasteurized  certificate 
of  baptism?" 

"Yes,  ma'am." 

"And  a  life-insurance  non-forfeitable 
policy   against  all    the   encroachments 
of  old  age?" 
"Yes,   ma'am." 

"Then  you  may  hang  your  cap  on 
the  insulated  peg  set  opposite  your 
distinguishing  number,  climb  into  your 
seat  and  proceed  to  learn  along  sani- 
tary lines." — Judge. 

SCOTCH  SENSE. 

An  Englishman  and  a  Scotchman 
were  disputing  over  the  relative 
merits  of  Shakespeare  and  Burns. 

"And  ye  say,  do  ye,  thot  Billy 
Shakespeare  was  a  greater  mon  than  I 
Robbie  Burns?"        , 

"Yes.  I  do;  bans  hevery  Hinglish- 
man  knows  hit." 

"But  ye  say  thot  it  was  Shakespeare 
who  said.  'Uneasy  lies  the  head  thot 
wears  a  croon.'  " 

"Certainly  hit  was  Shakespeare. 
Robbie  Burns  could  never  'ave  said 
that." 

"Noo,  noo;  Robbie  Burns  would 
never  hae  said  thot;  he  had  ower 
mnckle  sense  to  say  a  thing  like  thot." 

"Ower  muckle  sense,  "man!  What 
do  you  mean?" 

"Yis,  yis;  Robbie  Burns  would  hae 
bent  that  on'y  king  would  hae  ta'en 
his  croon  ofi'  and  hoong  it  on  the  back 
of  the  chair  before  lying  doon.  You 
forget  thot  Robbie  was  a  Scotchman." 
—Tit-Bits. 


m 


ARMOUR'S  BLOOD  MEAL'nr.'^ 

First  proved  by  the  Kansas  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  and  since 

corroborated  by  thousands  of  leading  stockmen  who  have  used  It  without 

a   single   failure.      Equally  efiEective   for   the   diarrhea   of  all  animals. 

PREVENTS  •weak  bones,  paralysis  of  the  hind  legs  and  "thumps" 

la   pigs;   "big  head"   of  foals;    "rickets"  of   all    young   animals; 

abortion  due  to  incomplete  nutrition,  and  a  host  of  other  troubles. 

A  Potent  Food  for  Work  Horses,  Dairy  Cows,  Poultry. 

Write  us  for  booklet  giving  valuable  Information  about  Blood  Meal  and  our 
other  feeding  products.  Consult  us  free  of  charge  regarding  stock  diseases. 

THE  ARMOUR  FERTILIZER  WORKS, 
Chicago.         Omaha.         Baltimore.         Atlanta.        Jacksonville. 


ELLERSLIE. 


lied  Bulls  from  3  to  6  mos.  old,  all  by 
Fairfax  (very  handsome  red  bull)  by 
Knight  of  The  Clifton;  out  of  registered 
cow.s  which  have  been  selected  for  milk- 
ing a,s  well  as  beef  purposes 
1  and  2  yr  old  rams  by  Warwick,  im- 
ported from  the  Sandringhani  flock  of 
KING  EDWA  KD  VII,  out  of  ewes  from 
the  celebrated  DRUID  HILL  PARK 
(Baltimore  flock  )  These  are  unregister- 
ed but  are  first  class  in  every  respect. 

REMEMBER. — We  do  not  ask  fancy,  but  farmers'  prices. 

Our  stuck  is  not  in  show  ring  but  workhig  condition. 

R.  J.  Hancock  &,  Son,  chariottesviiie,  Va. 


SHORTHORNS 
SOUTHDOWNS 


BERK5HIRES. 


Imported  Sir  John  Bull,  No.  3609-B.  H 
Imported  Dansfleld  Roland,  No.  60528- 
Imported  Columbia,  No.  60527-B.  H.  B. 
Imported  Royal  Carlisle,  No.  4841— B.  H 

And  that  Immeusely  Princely 
Uncle  Sam,  No.  7233  :"'''  the  «'''''»  "f  ™>'  Spring  and  Summer  offe: 
pigs.  Does  thi's  list  of  Royalty  suit  your  fancy?  They  represent  the  most 
Berkshire  breeders  of  England.     Fancy  stock,  moderate  price 

Hunting   Dogs  ''"'I  pups  for  sale.    Setter  pups,  ?!5.00  each. 
Short  Horn   (Durham  Cattle)  for  sale.     Write  for  particulars. 
THOS.  S.  WHITE,  Fassifern  Stock  Farm,  Lexington 


B. 
B.  H,  B. 

B. 

Hog 
rings  of 
famous 


HILL  TOP  STOCK  FARM. 

Berkshire  Hogs  and  South- 


Down  Sheep 

A  .SPECIALTY. 
S.  Brown  Allen,  who  succeeds  H.   A    S.  f%j'l//,ilii'*^*^'J«>^ 
Hamiltnn&Co  in  the  ownership  and  man-         '       ""   '•   ■ 
agement  of  this  celebraied  Stock   Farm,  oflers  a  few  Berkshire   Pigs  that  have 
been  lired  without  regard  to  cost,  aud  one  and  two  year  old 

SOUTHDOWN    BUCKS, 

that  caunot  be  excelled  in  this  country.     We  have  swept  premiums  on  this  stock 
over  all  competitors  at  Fairs  in  this  and  adjoining  States 

S.  BROWN  ALLEN,  Staunton,  Virginia,  (Successor  to  H.  A  .S   Hamilton  &  Co.) 


When  corresponding  with  our    advertisers  always  mention  the 
Bouthem    Planter. 


412 


THE  SOUTHED X  PLAXTER. 


[June 


CHESAPEAKE  &  OHIO  RAILWAY. 

2,000-mile  tickets  discontinued.  On 
and  after  June  1st,  2.000-mile  tickets 
will  be  withdrawn  from  sale  and  re- 
placed by  the  1.000-mile  refund  inter- 
changeable tickets  heretofore  an- 
nounced. 


PAT'S  FIRST  THOUGHT. 
Back  in  the  good  old  days  when 
nerves  and  railroads  were  little  known, 
an  old  stage-road  ran  from  Lake  Cham- 
plain  to  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y.,  passing 
through  the  little  town  of  Sodom.  This 
village  nestled  in  a  valley  between 
two  great  hills,  over  which  the  white 
ribbon  of  the  road  wound  steeply. 

Upon  one  of  the  trips  of  the  stage 
the  regular  driver,  who  had  been  at 
home  for  some  weeks  recovering  from 
an  illness,  was  riding  inside  while  the 
red-haired,  mild-featured,  big-boned 
Irishman  acting  as  his  substitute  oc- 
cupied the  driver's  seat  upon  the  box. 
The  day  was  a  beautiful  one  and  the 
passengers  were  enjoying  their  drive 
keenly,  their  appetites  increasing  as 
the  distance  lessened  between  them 
and  the  town  of  Sodom  with  its  pro- 
mised pause  for  refreshment. 

Suddenly,  as  the  heavy  stage  lum- 
bered over  the  brow  of  the  hill,  down 
which  the  road  plun.ged  at  a  sharp 
angle,  running  through  the  little  town 
at  its  foot  and  ascending  the  hill  be- 
yond, the  passengers  became  conscious 
that  their  pace  had  been  recklessly  in- 
creased. Faster  and  faster  they  went. 
dashing  down  the  hill  at  a  rate  rapidly 
becoming  a  furious  one.  Trees  and 
bushes  at  last  became  but  a  dizzying 
blur  along  the  road.  All  clung  to  the 
reeling  stage  and  held  their  breath  in 
terror,  while  on  the  stage  raced,  down 
the  hill  with  ever-increasing  speed, 
into  the  town,  past  the  hostelry  with 
the  waiting  host  left  standing  in  amaze 
at  the  door,  past  the  post-office  without 
pause  and  out  upon  the  road  leading 
up  the  face  of  the  hill  beyond.  There 
the  pace  slackened  and  as  the  incline 
grew  more  steep,  at  last  the  smoking 
horses  came  to  a  standstill.  With  one 
accord  the  dazed  passengers  tumbled 
out  and  surrounded  the  driver,  who 
BOW  stood  at  the  head  of  his  reeking 
leaders. 

"V/hat  is  it,  Pat?  What  is  it?  Did 
they  get  away  from  you?"  came  the 
breathless  questions. 

•Nope,"  replied  Pat  with  a  set  face, 
"it  wor  that."  pointing  grimly  before 
him.  There  lay  the  stage-tongue  drag- 
ging uselessly  on  the  ground  at  the 
heels  of  the  horses  and  completely 
severed  from  the  coach.  At  a  glance 
the  regular  driver  comprehended  the 
meaning  of  the  dan.ger  to  which  the 
passengers  of  that  stage,  deprived  of 
its  sole  means  of  guidance,  had  been 
exposed,  and,  realizing  the  miracle  of 
their  escape,  he  turned  sick  and  fainted 
where  he   stood. 

Later,  back  at  the  Inn.  when  the 
excitement  had  somewhat  subsided 
and  fresh  horses  were  being  put  to  the 


ENGINES  AND  SEPARATORS 

f  the  ploi 


ily.      Kv.-ry  port  thornu^tilr  u-^ted.      Made   iu   ull 
lud  slzcK,     Send  for  frti'  i'ul*loKuc  of  Engines. 
Thrcahlog  Macbiocir,  Sbv  MHIb,  etc. 


A.  B.  Farquhar  Co.,  Ltd 
York,  Pa. 


X  CiSMONT  DORSETS  S 


X 

X 

A     Prices   Reasonable 


CISMONT    STOCK    FARM  offers  weU  developed  young 
Dorsets  of  the  best  blood  of  England  and  America. 


X 


G.  S.  LINDENKOHL,  Keswick,  Albemarle  Co.,  Va.    X 


We   Are    Still    in    the    Business. 


"HILL   TOP"    stock  at  Sh«dwell,  Va. 

Having  changed  our  residence,  we  brought  with  us  and  have  for 

sale  a  choice  lot  of  HILL  TOP  stock. 

Jersey    Cattle,    Southdown   and   Shropshire    Sheep, 

Berkshire  Hogs  and  B.  B.  R.  Game  Chickens. 

Our  licrk.shire  Pigs  are  now  closelv  sold  up,  but  we  will  buve  a  hue  lotready  to  ship 
by  September  1st.  We  will  be  glad  to  serve  our  old  friends  and  are  always  glad  to 
make  new  ones. 

W"  have  won  more  premiums  on  sheep  and   lio^s  at  State  and   County  Fairs 
than  all  other  hreeders  in  Virf,'iuia  combined. 

H.  A.S.  HAMILTON  &  SONS.  Shadwell,  Va. 


<<<<<««<<«<.«3M.<<<<<<<<:<<<<<<:<;<:<Jt:<<<<<<<<<;<:<«<«<«<<<<«j 

I  EGGS  FOR  HATCHING  i 

JJ  [From  Fowls  of  High  Jlerit,  Fresh,  and  a  Good  Hatch 

*  Guaranteed  of  the  following  varieties  : — 

A  PLYMOUTH     ROCKS,     BROWN     LEGHORNS,    WHITE 

t  LEGHORNS  and  PEKIN  DUCKS  at  $1.00  per  sitting  of  15 

t  BRONZE  TURKEY  EGGS,  $3.00  per  dozen. 

w  .lenseyand  Guernsey  I'attle  and  Berkshire  I'ig.s.     Four  handsome            jj^ 

2  ^Great  Danes  and  three  Fox  Terrier  Pupjiies.                                 S 

I  M.    B.    ROWE  &  CO.,          -          Fredericksburg,   Va        | 


INCUBATORS  ON  30  DAYS'  TRIAL.       THE  WORLD'S  BEST  STANDARD  HATCHER. 

■Ihontinn.ls  of  Uieve  incnbiilrirs  are  In  snccessfii! 
opcriiilon  In  the  l'ntl.-ii  Siuies,  Canada,  Pcmtli 
Africa,  New  Zealand,  ,>iweden,  Kngland.  Holland, 
and  •  cruiany  These  maclilne.'*  operate  to  perfec- 
ttun  and  always  bring  off  a  lartre  brood  of  strong, 
healthy  chicks.  Catalogue  with  full  partlcnlarB 
Free  for  the  asking.    The  Standard  F.  C.  Incubator  Co.,  Dept.  .5,  Kocbesler,  N.  Y.,  U.  8.  A. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


413 


repaired  coach,  some  one  turned  to  Pat 
and  asked: 

•'Pat.  what  was  your  first  thought 
when  the  pole  dropped?" 

■  well,  sor,"  he  answered,  settling 
the  quid  more  comfortably  in  his 
cheek,  "me  furst  thought  wor,  'Lord, 
ha'  mercy  on  our  sowls!'  Thin  thinks 
I  to  meself,  'Damn  a  horse  that  can't 
outrun  a  wagon  1'  and  I  licked  the 
poor  divils  all  th'  way  down  the  hill!" 
— Evelyn  Currier,  in  Jiine  Lippincott's 
Magazine. 


We  will  return  your  money  if  after  using 


Chloro-Naphtholeum  Dip 


In  nccordance  with  directions,  vou  cau  sav  It  liasn't  killed  the  Lice  on  your  stock,  and 

cured  the  Mange,  itch,  Scabs  and  ticks.    Try  it  and  you'll  never  do  without  it.    Booklet 

free.    Worth  its  weight  in  gold.    Trial  gallon  sent  prepaid  upon  receipt  of  Sl.,50— tay  your  dealer  or 

.\GESTS  Wanted,  WEST  DISINFECTI^a  CO..  Ihc,    30  East  S9th  St,,  New  York. 


Tlio   O^ls-s"  lEIordL, 


VIRGINIA  AT  THE   ST.   LOUIS  EX- 
POSITION. 
Editor    Soxi.thern    Planter,    Richmond, 
Vo.; 

Dear  Sir, — As  you  are  aware,  the 
State  has  made  an  appropriation  for 
exposition  purposes  at  St.  Louis  for 
next  year,  and  this  Commission  is  de- 
sirous that  Virginia  should  make  as 
fine  a  showing  as  possible  in  the  va- 
rious departments.  We  believe  that 
this  offers  great  opportunities  for  the 
advertisement  of  Virginia's  agricultu- 
ral resources,  and  to  illustrate  this  to 
the  world  we  would  appeal  through 
your  columns  to  the  farmers  of  this 
Commonwealth,  to  give  us  their  cordial 
support  by  devoting  especial  attention 
and  culture  to  some  portion  of  such 
crop  or  crops  as  their  sections  may  be 
particularly  adapted  to,  and  thus  try  to 
produce  exceptionally  fine  samples  to 
furnish  this  Commission  for  exposition 
purposes.  These  articles  will  be  trans- 
ported and  exhibited  without  further 
expense  to  the  grower,  and  full  credit 
will  be  given  to  the  producer  on  the 
label  attached  at  time  of  exhibition. 
This  will  give  a  wide  advertisement 
for  any  products  which  may  be  for  sale 
and  offers  a  splendid  advertisement  of 
the  advantages  of  Virginia  real  estate 
to  prospective  settlers. 

I  will  deem  it  a  great  favor  if  any 
parties  who  will  be  willing  to  co-ope- 
rate with  me  in  this  work,  will  give  me 
notice  by  letter  and  I  will  aid  them  in 
every  way  possible  to  make  eheir  pro- 
ducts beneficial  both  as  an  advertise- 
ment for  themselves  and  for  the  State. 

G.  E.  MUBRELL.  Supt. 

OiTice,  third  floor,  Capitol  Building. 


OFFKRS 

FOR 
-SALE- 


few 


2  Registered  SHORTHORN  COWS, 
2  Registered  MORGAN    COLTS,   and 
good  yearling  SHROPSHIRE  RAMS. 

B.  B.  BUCHANAN,  Bedford  City,  Va. 


We  positively  guarantee   to  breed 
and   ship    the  VKRY  BKftT  strains  ot 


ship 
thoroughbred   registered    LARGE 
ENGLISH     BERKSHIRE 

Hogsfor  LESS  MONEY  than  .luy  other 
firm  in  the  U.  S.,  the  .superiority  of  our 
stock  considered.  Send  us  your  order 
and  we  will  satisfy  you  both  in  price 

and  stock.  WALTER  B.  FLEMING,  .        .,    „ 

Proprietor  of  the  Bridle  Creel<  Stoci<  Farm,  Warrewton.  N.  C. 


Reg.  HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN 

CATTLE  of  the  Netherland,  De  Kol,  Clothilde,  Pietertje 

and  Artis  families.     Heavy  milkers  aud  rich  in  butter 

fat.     Stock  of  all  ages  for  sale. 

From   noted   strains,   Imported    Headlight,   Lord 
-Highclere  and   Sunrise. 


Reg.    BERKSHIRES 


-DORSET  SHEEP^ 


B.  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  CHICKENS, 

N.  &  W.  and  Southern  R.  R.  T.  O.  SANDY,  Burkeville,  Va. 


CLASSIFIED. 
During  an  encampment  of  the  Na- 
tional Guard  of  Pennsylvania  at  Mount 
Gretna  several  years  ago  a  party  of 
officers  went  out  for  a  stroll,  and  hap- 
nening  to  pass  a  farm-house  near  the 
encampment  grounds,  one  of  them 
suggested  stopping  in  for  a  glass  of 
milk.  On  going  inside  the  yard  they 
were  met  by  the  farmer's  daughter, 
who  brought  forth  a  can  of  buttermilk 
and  some  tumblers,  saying:  "This  is 
the  only  kind  of  milk  we  have," 

After  each  of  the  party  had  taken  a 
.Irink,  one  of  them  remarked:  "By 
George,  that's  fine;  can  you  let  us  have 
some  more?" 

The  lass  replied:  "Oh,  yes,  take  all 
you  want;  we  feed  it  to  the  pigs,  any- 
way."— Philadelphia  Times. 


LARGE  YORKSHIRE   HOGS. 

The    Ideal     Bacon     Breed, 

The     Pork-Packers    Breed, 

The     Most    Prolific     Breed, 

The    Most    Profitable     Breed. 

We  have  four  litters  of  ttiis  popular  breed,  which  will 
be  ready  for  shipment  in  May.  Bred  from  the  best  im- 
ported stock.     We  have  never  seen  better  pigs. 

Send  for  circular  and   prices.     Address—; 

BOWMONT    FARMS,    Salem,   Virginia.  


30  YEARS  SELLING  DIRECT 


the  largest 
Vehicles  and  Harness  in  the  woi 
selling  to  consumers  exclusively. 
WE  HAVE  NO  A<:EXTS 

out  nothineif  not 
ifled.  We  make  195  styles  of 
cles  and  65  styles  harness. 
Visitors  are  a'wa\-s  welcome 


ELKHART  CAERIAGE  &  HARNESS  MTG.  CO.,  Elkhart 


414 


THE  SOUTHEUX  PLAXTEE. 


[Juue 


THE  WELCOME  AT  THE  DOOR. 

There  is  a  home  I  visit  sometimes 
whtch  has  a  special  charm.  The  mis- 
tress, who  answers  your  ring,  is  blind, 
but  before  you  can  say  a  word,  with 
beaming  face  she  cries,  "How  glad  I 
am  to  see  youl"  No  matter  how  inop- 
portune the  call  may  be,  it  is  always 
with  radiant  delight  and  cordial  words 
that  every  one  is  greeted. 

I  wondered  about  it — how  it  could 
always  be  the  same  welcome,  for  I 
knew  there  v.-ere  domesiic  whirlwinds 
that  upset  her  work  and  plans  just  like 
in  other  homes.  I  somehow  concluded 
that  it  was  her  special  gift,  one  of  her 
compensations,  and  so  settled  the 
matter.  Later,  this  same  subject  of 
the  welcome  or  unwelcome  guest,  and 
treatment  thereof,  coming  up  in  a  little 
circle  of  friends,  I  was  interested  to 
find  my  friend  quoting  her  mother,  and 
then  I  found  the  solution.  Her  mother 
had  taught  her  that  no  matter  how 
the  unexpected  guest  may  find  you. 
unprepared  in  every  way,  let  your  first 
welcoiue  be  generous  and  instant.  Let 
no  thought  pantry-ward  make  your 
greeting  constrained  or  apologetic. 

Give  the  cordial  gretting  that  cannot 
be  forgotten,  and  the  responsive  glow 
in  the  heart  of  the  guest  will  gild  de- 
flciencics  which  may  afterward  ap- 
pear; but  no  after  effort  can  make  a 
.guest  forget  a  chill  and  constrained 
welcome  at  the  door.  This  little  word 
has  been  of  service  to  me.  so  I  give  to 
others. — Ladies'  Home  Journal. 


A  RAILROAD  SWITCHMAN  AT  A 
REVIVAL  MEETING. 

"Stop!  you  there  making  for  the 
door!  Don't  you  know  the  Lord  is 
calling  you  and  that  you  are  running 
away  from  Him?  Don't  you  know 
that  you  are  going  straight  to  hell?" 

Put/  was  working  on  a  limited 
schedule  now  and  there  was  not  much 
time  to  spare,  but  he  could  not  resist 
the  temptation  of  having  one  pass  at 
him,  so  he  stopped  and  faced  around. 
As  he  did  so  he  became  conscious  that 
every  eye  in  the  church  was  on  him. 
Putz  didn't  often  get*  the  centre  of  t.ht 
stage,  and  the  novelty  of  the  thing 
pleased  him  greatly,  it  was  such  a  con- 
trast to  his  old  accustomed  place  in 
the  back  row  of  the  cliorus.  Raising 
his  voice  so  as  to  reach  the  least  seats 
in  the  gallery,  he  replied; 

"Number  Six  is  calling  me,  too. 
Didn't  you  hear  her?  If  I  don't  get 
down  there  and  set  that  switch  foi 
Number  Six  a  whole  train-load  of  peo- 
ple will  go  to  hell.  Looks  like  hell's 
up  to  me  both  ways.  Guess  I'll  set  the 
switch.     Good-bye,   Doc."     Having  de- 


Forthe  treatment  of  THE  LIQUOR,  OPIUM,  MORPHINE  .n< 
ottier  Drug  Addlctloni.  The  Tobbacco  Habit,  Nerve  Exhaustion 


MlStereH  VEBEFOP  CIllTLL 

Service  Bulls;  Imported  Salisbury  76059    (19083).    Lars  Jr.  85297.  \ 

FOR  SALE — A  choice  lot  of  bull  calves  and  yearling  bulls.  The  bull  calves  sold  recently 
__weighed  60U  lbs.  nt  6  mos  old.     Call  and  make  your  own  selection      Prices  right. 

MURRAY  BOOCOCK,  Owners,  Keswick,  Va. 


•^H^^^■^■^'^^l■l■^l-^■^■I^^^■I^■^^^^^l■^lMl■.^.l»I^■^.IM^^..I■■I■■I■■I.■I■■I■■H-I-^^!■■l■■^^!■■H^^^^l■^I■^I"^^!^^^■^^^• 

Annefield  Herd  Richly  bred  in  "  Anxiety  "  Blood  and  Headed 
by  the  Sweepstalces  Winner  at  Kansas  City  1901, 

:  PRINCE  RUPERT  No.  79539. 

'.  PEE,  $25.00  FOR  THE  SEASON  OF  1903. 

Correspondence  Solicited 
ANNEFIELD    FARMS, 
t  *  .  t  t  » 


Inspection  Invited. 
Briggs,  Clarke  Co.,  Va. 

I  ,1  1  1  t->..!..i-i..i-i.  T  li  t  I  t  r..|..»..t..l..».- 


■;gEeaggeg!EBgg«gggi-f;pgTF:r!PTrr'F'!-!r'i^:ir!P'.r^P!f«p-r'j-g 


I  Bacon   Hall    Farm. 

I  Hereford  REGISTERED  Gattle 

3  "TOP"  BREEDING,  CALVES  NOT  AKIN. 

A  MOTTO— Satisfaction  or  no  sale. 

I  E.  M.  GILLET  &  SON,      =      Glencoe,  Haryland. 


11  H  I!  t  in  B  il  iHl  J  t  I.  J  1  1!  t  1!  tl!  1  v^-vrwi.v\nrv^rv^rp^  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,i  ..^ >  m 


HEREFORD  CATTLB  —GulTos,  entitled  to  registration,  J75  to  JIOO.     Grade  Calyee  by  "Sir  Ed. 
ward  "  J*'.».S  to  ftlO. 


ward"  825  to  S40 

SHROPSHIRE  SHCEP.—Backi.  one  year  old  and  over,  «18to«20.     Buck  Lambs,  July  dellTerr, 
»l0to»12.    Ewe  Lambs,  July  delivery,  88  and  110. 

POLAND-CHIN*  HOGS.— Pigs,  six  weeks  old,  85.     Pigs,  two  or  three  months  old,  r7.50.     Plga, 

flve  moaths  and  over,  815  to  J20. 
M.  BRONZE  TURKEYS.— Toms,  tl.    Hens,  83,    Eggs,  per  sitting  of  12,  when  In  season,  $4. 
MUSOOVY  DUCKS.— Pure  White  Drakes,  81.25.    Pure  White  Ducks,  $1.    Palrs,82.25.    Trios,  83. 
BARRED  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS. 
ROUEN  QBESE.-Ganders,  82.60.    Geese,  82.50.    Eggs,  per  sitting,  83. 

WILLIAM  L.,  Jr.,  No.  21058,  half  brother  of  Aztell,  will  serve  a  limited  number  of  mares  for  talk 
the  season.    Hares  boarded  at  lowest  figures  per  month. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


41. ■ 


livereci  hinipelf  of  which,  he  departed 
without  waiting  for  further  develop- 
ments. The  boys  told  him  when  they 
came  down,  after  it  was  all  over,  that 
the  "old  boy"  did  not  get  things  going 
in  good  shape  any  more  that  night. — 
MoxTtiOMERY  B.  Cor.se.  in  May  Lippin- 
cott's  Magazine. 


TACOMA'S  BIG  SAW-MILL. 


With  One  ExcepUon  It  Is  the  Largest 
in  the  World. 


At  Tacoma  I  visited  a  saw-mill  said 
tc  have  a  greater  capacity  than  any 
other  in  the  United  States,  and,,  with 
one  exception  (in  Norway),  the  great- 
est in  the  world.  It  is,  in  fact,  two 
separate  mills,  covering  a  wide,  low 
flat  with  docks  on  the  sound  where 
ships  can  be  loaded  at  the  door  of 
the  yards.  Here  the  logs  from  the 
jamp  which  we  visited  are  sawed.  They 
are  dumped  from  the  railroad  cars 
into  pouds  of  water  and  held  until  the 
mill  is  ready  to  cut  them  into  lumber. 
Mr.  Royce  showed  me  through  this 
great  establishment,  with  its  devices 
for  handling  the  enormous  logs  of  fir 
and  cedar,  hemlock  and  spruce,  which 
come   to  it   daily. 

Nearly  every  step  in  the  long  pro- 
cess is  performed  by  some  human-like 
machine.  I..ogs  weighing  many  tons 
are  handled  like  jack-straws— pulled 
out  of  the  water,  whirled  over,  lifted 
al)out,  gripped,  slabbed  off,  turned 
again  easily,  and,  directed  by  the  swift 
and  sure  judgment  of  the  expert  saw- 
yer, driven  through  band-saws  or 
great  gang-saws,  cutting  twenty  boards 
or  more  at  once  and  finally  trimmed  to 
certain  lengths — everything  moving  at 
once,  smoothly,  with  an  absolute  ex- 
actitude. In  fifteen  minutes  from  the 
time  the  log  enters  the  mill  it  has  been 
reduced  to  lumber  of  several  grades; 
the  poor  parts  have  been  whittled  up 
into  lath  and  shingles,  the  slabs  have 
been  shot  out  on  a  great  pile  for  fire- 
wood and  the  remaining  bark,  sawdust 
and  refuse  have  been  carried  away  to 
the  fire  heap.  This  mill  cuts  j.uu,00O,- 
000  feet  of  lumber  and  90,000,000,000 
shingles  a  year,  and  its  product  goes 
the  world  over — to  Australia,  Hawaii, 
China,  South  Africa,  South  America 
and  Europe. — From  Ray  Stannard 
Baker's  "The  Conquest  of  the  Forest" 
in   the  May  Century. 


SHE   WAS    A    BIRD. 

••Amos,"  sighed  Mehitable  Scruggs, 
"doesn't  the  spring  bring  Inspiration 
to  your  soul?" 

"May  be  it  does,  Mehitabel,"  an- 
swered Amos  Medooney, 

"Doesn't  it  bring  to  you  tender,  soul- 
ful, thrilling  thoughts  when  you  see 
the  little  birds  making  their  nests  and 
choosing  their  mates?  Doesn't  it  make 
you  think  of  a  nest  for  yourself  and — 
and — and — " 

"Mehitabel!"  gasped  Amos,  reaching 
for  her  hand,  "you've  got  me  up  a 
tree." — Judge. 


St.  Blbane 
Scbool 


situ.4ted  on  a 

Sunny  Headland 

above  the 

I'.ASKs  OF  New  River, 

IN  THE 

Bli  E  (iRAss  Region 
OF  Virginia 


Prepares    Boys 

rOK  UNIVERSITY   OR 
FOR  BUSINESS.^ .«'-^-e^ 

SEND  FOR  ANNUAL  C.VrALO(;UE,  IN  WHICH  IS 
PUBLISHED  "I'LAN  OF  ST.  ALBANS  SCHOOL.'' 

Address,   W.  H.  RANDOLPH, 

flead  Master, 
Radford,      -      -      -      Virginia 


SUNNY     HOME     HERD    OF 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS    CATTLE. 

BARON  ROSEBOY  57666  (The  great  Westertown  Rose,  son  of  the 
world-famous  GAY  BLACKBIRD)  In  service. 

Tie  Sire  is  half  the  herd.  In  BaroQ  Roseboy,  ia  combined  the  typical  "dodiv  form  with  a 
pedigree  that  cannot  be  excelled.  He  Is  a  brother  of  the  great  "Gay  Lad"  (sold  at  S3050). 
who  heads  the  largest  Angus  herd  east  of  the  Mississippi,  ia  also  brother  of  '  Hector  of  lakeside" 
at  the  head  of  the  great  Pope  RiTer  herd  of  Illinois;  is  uncle  of  the  "  10th  Laird  of  Estill  "  at  the 
head  of  the  greatest  Angus  herd  in  America. 

On  dam's  aide.  Baron  Roseboy  traces  direct  to  the  Imp.  Blackbird  Bull,  "  BAgUTO,  "  said  to  b« 
the  beat  Blackbird  Bull  ever  imported. 

The  females  In  the  herd  are  "ehipBoS  the  same  block  ".  Great  bulls,  great  cows,  mean  great 
calves.    Come  and  see  them,  or  write 

A.    L.    FRENCH,    Proprietor,    Fitzgerald,    N.   C. 

Rockingham  Co  ,  24  miles  southwest  of  Danville,  Va.,  on  D.  &  W.  Ry. 


A  WASHING  MACHINE  is  as  great  a  necessity  in  the  house  as  a  wringer 

THE  MAJESTIC  ROTARY  WASHER 

has  too  many  good  points  for  explanation  in  an  ad- 
vertisement Your  name  on  a  postal  card  will 
bring  our  booklet,  with  full  particulars  of  our  six 
different  machines  and  how  to  get  them.  One  of 
them  will  certainly  please  you.  All  are  made  with 
electrically  welded  wire  hoops  sunk  in  grooves — our 
patent.  Being  the  largest  manufacturers  of  wood- 
enware  in  the  world,  we  can  make  better  machines 
for  the  money  than  any  one  else.  If  you  want  a 
machine  that  washes,  buy  one  of  ours. 

THE  RICHMOND  CEDAR  WORKS,  Richmond,  Va. 


SLUG  SHOT 


Kills  Insects  on  Helons,  Potatoes, 
Cabbage  and  Flowers. 

SOLD  BY  SEEDSMEN  EVERYWHERE. 

Used  22  Year*. 
Send  for  Free  Booklet  on  Bugs  and  Blights  to 
HAMMOND,    FISHKILL-ON-HUDSON,  NEW  YORK. 


AhS 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAXTEE. 


[June 


USES   FOR    DRV    BREAD. 
,  (Birdie  B.  Bates.) 

Bki:,\u  C.u  .\ius.— The  scraps  of  bread 
that  cannot  be  used  on  the  table  can  be 
placed  in  the  oven  and  dried  or  toasted 
a  delicate  brown,  then  rolled  very  fine 
and  placed  in  a  close  or  air-tight  jar. 
When  frying  pork  chops,  veal  cutlets, 
fish,  chicken,  etc.,  diii  the  meat  into  a 
■well-beaten  egg,  then  into  the  crumbs, 
letting  ihem  remain  five  or  ten  miu- 
ttfcs,  then  add  more  egg  and  more 
crumbs  and  fry  in  hot  fat.  Serve  on 
a  hot  platter,  garnished  with  parsley. 

vXi.  OS  io.v.sr.— We  have  the  fried, 
poached  and  scrambled  egg  on  toast, 
but  did  you  ever  try  the  birds  nest? 
The  children  always  enjoy  anything 
in  this  line,  so  tempt  their  appetites 
some  morning  with  the  following: 
Toast  the  desired  amount  and  butter 
lightlv,  placing  the  pieces  of  toast  on 
a  baking  pan  and  drawing  aside  where 
it  will  keep  hot.  Select  as  many  fresh 
eggs  as  you  have  pieces  of  toast  and 
separate  the  whites  from  ''—  yolks. 
Beat  the  whites  to  a  stiff  foam  ana 
salt  lightly.  When  I  say  stiff,  I  mean 
that  the  loam  should  stand  alone. 
Now  place  a  spoonful  of  the  beaten 
■white  on  each  piece  of  toast,  arrange 
a  round  space  in  the  center  and  place 
the  unbroken  yolk  in  it.  Add  small 
bits  of  butter,  salt  and  pepper  and 
place  in  a  hot  oven  until  the  egg  is 
cooked  as  desired.     Serve  hot. 

CRE.V.M  To.vsT. — Toast  small  pieces  of 
bread  to  a  nice  brown  and  arrange  in 
individual  sauce-dishes.  Take  one 
Quart  of  milk  and  heat  to  the  boiling- 
point  in  a  double  boiler;  when  just  at 
the  boiling  point  add  a  well-beaten  egg 
that  has  had  n  'ittle  cold  milk  added 
to  it.  Salt  and  pepper  to  taste  and  add 
two  tablespoonfuls  of  sugar.  In  a 
small  siiucepan  place  one  tablespoonful 
of  buttor  and  v/hen  melted  stir  in  one 
tablespoonful  of  flour.  When  all  the 
starch  grains  of  the  flour  are  broken 
add  the  hot  milk,  let  boil  once,  then 
pour  over  toast  and  serve. 

CiioiTO.Ns. — Many  people  prefer 
croutons  rather  than  crackers  with 
soup.  They  are  very  appetizing  and 
easily  prepared.  Take  bread  that  is 
stale  enough  to  toast  nicely,  cut  into 
medium  slices,  butter  lightly,  cut  into 
strips  or  square.^  and  place  in  a  quick 
oven  'and  toast.  Some  prefer  them  of 
stale  bread  cut  into  cubes  or  squares. 
then  dropped  into  hot  fat  and  browned. 
Lift  them  from  the  fat  with  a  skim- 
mer, drain,  add  to  soup  and  serve. 


INVINCIBLE  POTATO  I'l.ANTKR. 
The  H.  H.  Wabers  Co.,  of  Racine, 
Wis.,  are  advertising  elsewhere  in  this 
issue  their  Invincible  I'otato  Planter. 
This  planter  is  certainly  a  great  labor 
saver  and  is  guaranteed  to  plant  from 
50  per  cent,  to  100  per  cent,  more  hills 
in  a  day  than  any  other.  It  has  a 
number  of  special  features,  which  are 
fully  described  in  a  little  circular  sent 
free  by  the  company.  Look  up  the 
clvertisement. 


SEND  US  YOUR  WOOL 
WE  PAY  THE  FREIOHT. 
WRITE  FOR  CATALOQUE. 


We  make  from  your 
Own  Wool  on  Shares 
Or  for  Cash 
White  or  Gray 
Large  or  Small 
Blankets,  Coverlets 
Dress  Goods,  Skirts 
Underskirts,  Flannels 
Cassimeres,  Cheviots 
Jeans 

Art  Squares, 
Carpets 
Stair  Carpets 
Smyrna  Rugs 
Buggy  Robes, 
Lounge  Covers 

LEAKSVILLE  WOOLEN  MILLS,  YamS,   EtC. 

Leaksville,  N.  C.  Write  Us. 


FOR  SAGE. 

A  De  Laval  Baby  Separator  No  3 

In  good  running  order.     Are  putting  in  lar- 
ger machine,   the   only   reason    for  selling. 

FOREST   HOME    FARM, 

PURCELLVILLE,  VA. 


VIRGINIA    DIVISION. 

Farmers  Mutual  Benefit  Association 

A  Fire  Insurance  Association,  chartered  by  the  State  of  Virginia,  for 
farmers,  under  an  amended  and  well  protected  plan. 

Insures  in  counties  surrounding  and  accessible  to  Richmond,  against  Fire 
and  Lightning,  only  country  properly — no  stores  or  unsafe  risks.  Policy-holders 
amply  secured — all  legitimate  losses  paid.  Average  cost  per  year  less  than  other 
plans,  and  a  great  saving  to  farmers.  Amount  of  property  now  insured,  $330,000, 
and  increasing  yearly.     Estimated  securiey  in  real  and  other  estate,  $750,000. 

For  further  information,  address.  CHAS.  N.  FRIEND,  General  Agent, 

.MhNTidX  THIS  joiK.N.vL.  CHESTER,  VIRGINIA. 


ASSETS,  $900,000. 

Virginia  Fire  and   Marine 

Insurance  Company,  of  Richmond,  Va. 

Insures    Against    Fire    and    Lightning. 

AI.I.     DESCRIfTIONS    OK     PROPERTY     IN   COINTKY    .\XI>   TOWN,    PRIVATE   OR     PUBLIC 
IN9URE1)    AT    FAIR    KATE9,    O.S    ACOO.M.MQDATING    TERMS. 

AGENCIES     IN     EVERY    TOWN     AND    COUNTY. 

WM.    H.  PALMER,   President.  W.     H.    M'CARTHY,   Secretary. 


When  corresponding  with  our  advertisers  always  mention  the 
tiouthem  Planter. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLAWTEE. 


417 


Big  Bmrgmlns  in  Farm  Suppiies 

First  Class  Material,  Mta  ohandise  and  Machinery  at  Sacrilice  Pricesm 


CHICAGO  HOUSE  WRECKING  CO. 


WEST35TH    AND  IRON  STREETS, 

CHICAGO. 


PICK  UPS. 
If    an    old    fowl    is    skinned    before 
cooking    it    will   become    tender    in    a 
shorter  length  of  time  and  will  be  of 
much  finer  flavor. 

In  families  where  canned  pears  are 
not  particularly  well  liked,  a  sliced 
orange  to  a  pint  of  pears  will  often 
make  them  more  palatable.  A  pine- 
apple shreded  with  a  silver  fork  into 
canned  pears  makes  them  delicious. 

Mothers  may  be  glad  to  know  what 
a  young  girl  taught  me  last  summer. 
To  tie  shoe  strings  so  they  will  remain 
tied,  pass  either  loop — usually  the 
right-hand  loop — around  under  the 
second  time  before  drawing  the  bow 
up  tight.  When  you  desire  to  untie  the 
Knot  it  will  pull  out  by  the  strings  the 
isame  as  usual. 

After  removing  iron  rust  with  lemon 
juice  and  salt  rub  the  places  with  clear 
water.  M  soap  is  used  a  bright  yellow 
spot  will  appear  that  will  be  more  difh- 
cult  to  remove  than  the  iron  rust.  Rub- 
bing clothes  lightly  through  the  rinse 
water  will  prevent  the  bluing  from  set- 
tling in  them  and  will  whiten  them 
amazingly,  particularly  if  rain  water 
is  used. 


A  bashful  gentleman  who  visited  a 
school  kept  by  a  young  lady,  was  asked 
by  the  teacher  to  say  a  few  words  to 
the  pupils.  This  was  his  speech: 
"Scholars,  I  hope  you  will  always  love 
your  school  and  your  teacher  as  much 
as  I  do."  A  tableau  of  giggling  pupils 
and  a  blushing  teacher  attested  the 
effectiveness   of  his   words. 


Winners 

.  upto200h.p 


Thf»  Hp'I  nAr*H  Saw  Mills  are  Sure 
111^  VJ^t^\jr\.\^t  t  Kight  sizes,  from  Farmers'4h.p 
j  If  Interested,  write  for  large  illustrated  catalogue  of  OeLoach  Patent  Saw  MllU  to  suit  any 
power  from  4  to  200  h.  p  ;  Shingle  Mills,  Planers,  Edgers,  Trimmers,  Stave  and  Latli  Mills,  Bolt- 
|ers.  Corn  and  Buhr  Mills,  Water  Wheels,  etc,  To  introduce  our  New  Farmers'  Saw  Mill,  fitted 
jwlth^DeLoach  Patent  Variatile  Friction  Feed,  we  make  this  special  offer: 

We  will  deliver  on  cars  at  factory  our 
No.  0  Pony  Farmers'  Saw  Mill,  with  Duplex 
Dogs,  Improved  Head  Block!,  and  Ratch- 
et Set  Works,  complete  as  shown  In  cut, 
except  it  has  Carriage  made  in  two  4  foot 
Becilons.  with  Rope  Drli-e  Instead  of  Rack 
and  Pinion,  without  Saw  or  Belt,  for 
$116.00  Spot  Cash! 
With  36"  Solid  Saw,  S127.50:  40",  S132.5 

44",  S140.00;   48",  8160.00. 
With  36"InBerted  Faw  $147  50:  40",S1B2.60 

44",  $160.00;    48",  $170.00. 
Beat  Rubber  Belting,  4-ply,  6",  20  cents 

per  foot ;  8",  30  cents  per  foot,  net. 
No  discount  from  these  prices. 

Our  Warranty:  This  mill  is  warranted  to  be  made  in  a  workman-like  manner,  of  first  class 
material  throughout,  and  to  give  perfect  satisfaction  if  operated  according  to  our  printed  in- 
structions, which  are  so  simple  that  a  boy  can  understand  them.  Any  one  with  ordinary  intelli- 
gence can  set  and  operate  without  the  assistance  of  an  experienced  sawyer  ;  will  easily  cut  2.000 
to  2,500  feet  of  first  class  board  lumber  pej  day  with  only  4  h  p. ;  3,000  feet  with  6  h.  p. ;  4,000  leet 
with  8  h.  p. ;  is  adapted  to  any  kind  or  size  power  up  to  Ifi  h.  p. 

DeLOACH  HILL  MANUFACTURING  CO..  Box  600  Atlanta,  Georgia.  U.  S.  A. 

The  DeLoach  Is  the  only  mill  made  that  is  shipped  to  all  parts  of  the  world.    Over  10,000  In  use 


HWill  that  Will 


Mention    the    Southern    Planter    in 
writing. 


SAW  LUMBER 


WE  MAKE  SAW  MILLS 

that  cut  accurate  lumberand  plenty  of 
it.  8  to  30  horse  power.  Capacity 
4,0OO  to  20,000  feet  o£  lumber  per 
day. 

Prices  from  $160  to  $700 


Re 


ablei 


MACHINE  CO..  Suc^e^s^Jr'jyo^BPe'n^.'aT^Co..  LOUISVILLE.  KY.  . 


418 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER. 


[June 


FARMS  FOR  SALE! 

Farm  No.  2. 
Contains  265  acres;  215  under  culti- 
vation; 50  acres  original  oak  and 
hickory.  Fronts  on  the  pike  running 
from  Winchester  to  Alexandria;  five 
miles  from  railroad;  one-half  mile 
from  proposed  electric  railroad.  Excel- 
lent six-room  dwelling  house,  with 
broad  halls,  standing  in  a  large,  nicely- 
shaded  blue-grass  lawn;  all  necessary 
outbuildings;  land  chocolate  clay,  with 
stiff  clay  subsoil;  all  level,  but  rolling 
enough  to  drain  well;  fine  for  wheat 
and  grass;  well  watered.  Owner  con- 
templates making  improvements.  But 
if  sold  before,  price  $25  per  acre,  on 
easy  terms. 

No.  3. 
Contains  430  acres;  350  acres  under 
cultivation;  80  acres  in  good  original 
oak  and  hickory  timber.  Situated  in 
Loudoun  county,  four  miles  from  rail- 
road station;  one  mile  from  proposed 
electric  railroad.  Soil  in  fine  state  of 
cultivation;  adapted  to  grain  and  grass. 
L^nd  level  and  watered  by  streams, 
and  a  beautiful,  bold  spring  in  the  yard. 
Gkjod  dwelling  and  outbuildings;  two 
new  stock  barns.  Greater  part  of  farm 
in  grass.    Price  now,  $20  per  acre. 

No.  4. 
Contains  lOO  acres,  all  under  cultiva- 
tion, and  in  good  condition.  Good 
frame  dwelling  and  all  necessary  out- 
buildings in  good  condition.  Situated 
on  the  pike,  with  market  wagons  pass- 
ing every  day,  paying  Washington  city 
prices  for  produee.  Splendidly  situated 
for  fruit,  poultry,  dairy  and  trucking. 
Price  now,  $2,000,  on  easy  terms. 

No.  5. 
Contains  163  acres;  one-half  under 
cultivation;  balance  in  second-growth 
timber.  Good  seven-room  dwelling  and 
necessary  outbuildings;  good  orchard 
in  fine  fruit  section.  Farm  lies  near 
Southern  railroad,  twenty  miles  from 
Washington;  well  watered;  a  splendid 
dairy   farm.     Price,   $2,000. 

No.  11. 

Contains  315  acres  in  high  state  of 
improvement.  Large  frame  dwelling, 
10  rooms,  2  large  cattle  barns,  and  all 
necessary  farm  buildings  in  good  re- 
pair. Land  watered  by  spring  branches. 
Situated  in  aristocratic  neighborhood. 
Convenient  to  depot  and  to  Washington 
market.     Price,  $50  per  acre. 

The  above-described  farms  are  situ- 
ated in  a  neighborhood  of  refined  citi- 
zens, with  good  labor  plentiful,  and 
will  not  be  on  the  market  long  before 
being  sold.  For  further  information 
and  a  more  detailed  description  of  any 
one  of  them,  write  to 

W.  E.  MILLER, 
Herndon,  Va. 


A  PROMISED  SPECTACLE  AT  THE 
ST.  LOUIS  FAIR. 
Mere  cost  and  bigness  do  not  con- 
stitute excellence,  but  magnitude  is 
impressive,  and  money  does  things. 
The  St.  Louis  World's  Fair,  however, 
has  other  things  to  recommend  it  than 
size  and  expenditure.  In  the  first 
place,  the  topography  of  the  site  favors 
effects  that  could  not  be  achieved  on 
the  flat  of  Jackson  Park.  The  view 
from  "The  Apotheosis  of  St.  Louis 
across  the  Grand  Court  along  the  broad 
avenue  between  the  Education  and 
Electricity  buildings,  thence  across 
the  Basin  and  up  the  Cascades  to  Fes- 
tival Hall  and  the  Terrace  of  the 
Slates,  will  doubtless  surpass  any  spec- 
tacle heretofore  seen  at  a  world's  fair. 
This  is  the  central  physical  feature 
of  the  exposition.  A  crescent-shaped 
hill  crowned  by  the  Colonnade  of  the 
States,  with  the  imposing  Festival 
Hall  in  the  center  of  the  crescent;  on 
each  extreme  of  the  crescent,  1.900 
feet  apart,  an  ornamental  restaurant 
pavilion;  a  central  cascade  290  feel 
long  with  a  total  fall  of  80  feet  in 
twelve  leaps  ranging  fron  4  to  14  feet 
and  side  cascades  300  feet  long,  with 
a  total  fall  of  65  feet.  The  water  will 
be  discharged  into  a  basin  600  feet 
wide.  The  two  miles  of  lagoons  have 
their  beginning  and  end  in  this  basin. 
The  abundant  supply  of  water  will  be 
drawn  from  the  city  mains,  but  will 
be  filtered  to  a  crystal  clearness.  Be- 
tween the  cascades  will  be  gardens. 
Each  of  the  cascades  will  be  framed 
in  sculpture,  consisting  of  sportive 
groups  of  nymphs  and  naiads  and 
other  mythological  fancies.  The  cen- 
ter cascade  will  be  crowned  by  a  group 
composition  showing  Liberty  lifting 
the  veil  of  Ignorance  and  protecting 
Truth  and  Justice.  The  east  cascade 
will  represent  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and 
the  west  cascade  the  Pacific,  the  sym- 
bolism being  that  the  Purchase  has 
extended  liberty  from  ocean  to  ocean. 
Assurance  is  given  that  the  three  cas- 
cades will  completely  eclipse  the  cas- 
cade of  the  Trocadero  at  the  Paris  Ex- 
position, the  cascade  at  St.  Cloud  and 
the  Chateau  d'Eau  at  Marseilles. — 
From  "The  Louisiana  Purchase  Expo- 
scition,"  by  Frederick  il.  Crunden,  in 
the  Avierican  Monthly  Review  of  Re- 
views for  May. 


A  child  may  often  be  expected  to 
put  his  or  her  heedless  little  foot  in 
it,  as  the  phrase  goes.  For  instance, 
a  youngster  one  day  begged  an  invi- 
tation to  dinner  at  the  house  of  a  little 
friend  with  whom  he  had  been  play- 
ing. At  the  table,  his  hostess  anxious- 
ly inquired:  "Charley,  can  you  cut 
your  own  meat?"  "Humph!"  said  the 
youngster,  who  was  sawing  away; 
"can't  I?  I've  cut  up  quite  as  tough 
meat  as  this  at  home."  People  who 
are  destitute  of  tact  might  take  warn- 
ing from  such  juvenile  malaprops,  but 
such  does  not  often  appear  to  be  the 
case,  judging  by  numerous  examples 
to  the  contrary. 


Iwlj  %  mm  jmn  *•  km 
btu  tniaiiig  biii  aiJ  rata 
for  bTniiw  Oalj  ritiiwi  Cal- 
l((t  in  Tt.,  ud  amd  ii  tmA 
t«  on  iu  biiUiig.  It  Ttatua. 
'QiUlogu  fne.  looUnpiit, 
ShorUund,  Pniauship  by  to^L 


"haixag  bu.  ooL  watA  PotomAc  i 


The  RICHMOND,  FREDERICKSBURG 

and  POTOMAC  R.  R. 
and  WASHINGTON  SOUTHERN  R'Y 

Form  the  Link  connecting  the 

Atlantic  Coast  Line  R.  R., 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  R.  R., 
Chesapeal<e  and  Ohio  R'y, 
Pennsylvania  R.  R., 
Seaboard  Air  Line  R'y 
and  Southern  R'y. 

Between  all  points,  via  Richmond,  Va. 

Fast  Mall,  Pafsengsr  and  Express  Route  ke- 
twe«n  Richmond,  Fredericksburg,  Alexan- 
dria, Washington,  Baltimore,  Philadelphia. 
New  York,  Boston.  Pittsburg,  Buffale  and  AU 
Points  North,  East  and  West. 

W.  P.  TAYLOR,  Traffic  Manager.  Richmond,  Va. 


"Feeds  and  Feeding" 

Prof.  Henry's  Great  Book  for 
Farmers  and  Stockmen. 

Delivered  anywhere  for        -        -    $2.00 
With  the  SOUTHERN  PLAKTEE,  .252 


WHISKEY 

4  full  quarts  Corn  Whlikev  10  yeari  old,  J3.S0 

4    ••        6       "         "       2,60 

4    "       "  "  "         Private  Stock, 

20iyearB  old,  for  invalldi  and  other 

lored  onei 6  00 

Or  will  ship  the  12  qti.  named  above  for  JU.OO 
Plain  packages  Express  paid.  Purest 
and  Best  Whiskey,  and  Oldest  Bouae 
in  America.  Established  1768—135  years 
ago.  Just  as  Corn  bread  is  more  whole- 
some and  palatable  than  Rye  bread — 
So  with  the  Whiskey— so  say  all  Doctors 
— try  it  and  beconvinced.  Nothing  on 
earth  so  beneficial  to  weak  lungs  at  this 
mountain  beverage. 

THE  OLD  MCK  WILLIAHS  CO., 
Lock  Box  No.  11.  Williams,  N   C. 


JUSTLY  INDIGNANT. 

The  house  had  been  full  of  aunties 
come  to  spend  the  holidays,  and  the 
baby's  6-year-old  brother  was  heard 
cne  morning  confiding  his  woe  to  his 
father. 

"Say,  papa,  do  you  know  I've  had  to 
sleep  a  whole  week  in  a  room  just  full 
of  women?" — Lippincott's  Magazine 
for  May. 


A  neat  Binder  for  yonr  back  num- 
bers can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Address 
our  Business  Office. 


1903.]  THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER.  419 

^  V4 


I   BILTMORE  FARMS,  =  Biltmore,  N.  C.    \ 


;  Headquarters  for  GOLDEN  LAD  JERSEYS,  \ 

?  Also  Get  of  TREVARTH  and  GEN.  MARIGOLD.    ^   je  ^  * 

'S        GOLDEN   LAD'S  SUCCESSOR.    First  and  sweepstakes  over  all  at  the  Pan-American  Exposition,  the  ^ 

"  champion  JERSEY  BULL  OF  AMERICA,  and  out  of  Golden  Ora,  our  great  prize-winning  cow,  both  ^ 

born  and  developed  on  these  Farms,  is  among  our  service  bulls.  56 

Biltmore  Jerseys  are  a  combination  of  large  and  persistent  milking  qualities  with  an  individuality  5b 

that  wins  in  the  show  ring.  Il 

SPECIALTY.      Write  for  descriptive  circular  of  the  best   lot  of  young  buU  calves  ever  offered,   both  for  fc 


1^ 

SJ  breeding  and  individuality.     They  are  by  noted  sires  and  out  of  large  and  tested  selected  dams.    Many  ^ 

H  of  these  calves  are  fit  to  show  and  win  in  any  company.  * 

?  j6  >           BILTMORE  POULTRY  YARDS.           j*  ^  fc 

%  — fc 

^  SPECIALTY.     Write  for  descriptive  circular  of  eggs  from  our  prize-winning  pens.     Over  50  yards  to  select  }^ 

J  from,  made  up  of  the  winners  at  the  leading  shows  for  the  last  two  seasons.     If  you  want  winners  you  ^ 

J,  must  breed  from  winners.  o 

\  Headquarters  for  the  best  IMPORTED  ENGLISH  BERKSHIRES.  k 

*  APPLY  TO  BILTMORE   FARMS,  biltmore,  n.  c.  J 

iPi«'jPKi«*»rj<'iCirK'jc*jC'i<*K'iC'jc">«'jP:fiririC"»f»<'irjCiri«'Ki«'jf'K'i<'i«':f'i«'**j«*icjr:«'j«'jf'jr'K'j«'iriPK'ie'a«'i<'ir 


linPEBIIlLFimTiiiiiPflDLTBiFIIBIII 

Is  now  booking  orders  for  Eggs  from  the  best  strains  and  careful  matings  of 

Barred,  Buff  and  White  Plymouth  Rocks, 
Silver=Laced  and  White  Wyandottes, 
S.  C.  B.  Leghorns  and  Mammoth  Pel<:in  Ducl^s, 
AT  $1.00    PER   SITTING. 
EGGS    FROM    BLACK    DEVIL    PIT   GAMES. 

Never  known  to  run.     The  grittiest  of  all  games.     $2.00    PER    SITTING. 

We  give  15  Chicken  and  13  Duck  Eggs  for  sitting.     Order   at  once. 
Write  name  and  address  plainly.     Remember  the  express  is  no  more  on  2  or  3  sittings  than  on  i. 
Refer  to  Augusta  National  Bank  and  former  patrons.    Satisfaction  guaranteed  or  money  refunded 

P.  H.  HEYDENREICH,    -    Staunton,  Va. 


420 


THE  SOUTHETI^^  PLANTER. 


[June 


A    UNIQUE    ORGANIZATION. 

What    Five    Hundred    Iowa    Farmers 
Have  Accomplished  by  Cooperation. 

The  company  is  unique  among  or- 
ganizations of  the  people.  It  is  not 
cooperative,  as  the  long  lines  of  in- 
dustry which  stretch  out  from  the 
home  of  modern  co-operation  in  the 
English  town  of  Rochdale  are  co-ope- 
ralive.  It  is  not  communal  in  any 
sense  like  the  Amana,  the  Oneida  and 
similar  societies.  It  is  not  held  to- 
gether hy  any  political,  religious  or 
sociological  tie.  Its  only  bond  is  that 
which  maintains  every  successful 
business  organization  in  the  world. 
These  farmers  have  turned  business 
men  and  they  have  been  so  extraor- 
dinarily successful  that  they  stand 
ready  to  become  manufacturers  when- 
ever they  find  they  cannot  buy  in  a 
fair  market.  It  appears  to  be  the  first 
commanding  proof  that  the  common 
people  in  country  place  or  town  or  city 
have  in  themselves  the  power  to  apply 
a  remedy  to  the  diseases  of  such 
trusts  or  combinations  of  capital  as 
are  inimical  to  the  welfare  of  the  gene- 
ral  public. 

It  is  worthy  the  attention  of  the 
student  of  present-day  problems,  as 
well  as  of  the  investor,  that,  in  this 
day  of  enormous  inflation  of  capitaj 
stock,  the  business  of  these  Iowa 
farmers,  running  now  well  on  to 
$1,000,000  a  year,  has  been  conducted 
on  a  capital  never  larger  than  $25,000. 
Still  more  significant,  it  requires  the 
assent  of  two-thirds  of  the  500  mem- 
bers of  tlip  firm  before  any  money  may 
be  borrowed,  and  no  more  than  $5.00Q 
may  be  borrowed  at  any  one  time.  At 
no  time  may  the  total  indebtedness  of 
the  firm  rise  above  $5,000.  The  by- 
laws of  the  company's  articles  of  in- 
corporation provide  that  no  share- 
holder <;liall  sign  any  bond,  or  sign, 
endorse  or  guarantee  any  note,  bill, 
draft  or  contract  or  in  any  way  assume 
any  liability,  verbal  or  written,  for 
the  benefit  of  security  of  any  person, 
without  the  written  consent  of  a  ma- 
jority of  the  directors.  The  by-laws 
also  provide  that  none  of  the  funds 
of  the  company  shall  be  loaned  to  any 
person. — From  W.  .S.  Harwood's  "Five 
Hundred  Farmers'"  m  the  May  Cen- 
tvary. 


A  CONTRADICTION. 
That   "still    waters    run    deep" 
You  may  quote  if  you  will; 
This   opinion    I'll   keep — 
They  can't  run  if  they're  still. 
G.  B.,  in  May  Lippincott's. 


Mention    the    Southern    Planter    in 
writing. 


Your  money  back 

if  you  are  not  satisfied 

DO  YOTJ  SUPPOSE  that  a  company  with  a  capital  of  $500,000.00,  paid  in  lull,  aod  the 

f>roucl  reputation  of  3d  years  of  continuous  success,  would  make  such  an  oHer  and  not  carry 
t  out  to  the  letter? 

DO  YOU  SUPPOSE  we  would  jeopardize  our  standing  with  the  public  and  our  chances 
of  still  greater  success  by  falline  to  f ullil  any  promise  we  make  ? 

DO  YOU  SUPPOSE  we  would  make  such  an  otter  if  we  did  not  have  the  utmost  confi- 
dence in  the  satisfying  quality  of  our  goods  ?  

WE  KNOW  we  can  please  you  and  save  you  money,  for  HAYNER  WHISKEY  goes 
direct  from  our  distillery  to  you,  with  all  its  original  richness  and  flavor,  carrying  a  UNITED 
STATES  REGISTERED  DISTILLER'S  GUARANTEE  of  PURITY  and  AGE  and  saving 
you  the  big  proflts  of  the  dealers.  That's  why  it's  best  for  medicinal  purposes.  That's  why 
It's  preferred  (or  other  uses.  That's  why  we  are  regularly  supplying  over  a  quarter  of  • 
million  satlsfled  customers.    That's  why  YOU  should  try  It. 

Direct  from  our  distillery  to  YOU 

Saves  Dealers'  Profits  I    Prevents  Adulteration  I 

HAYNER  WHISKEY 

PURE  SEVEN-YEAR-OLD  RYE 

4     FULL    $0:20  EXPRESS 
QUARTS  O      PREPAID 

We  will  send  you  FOUR  FULL  QUARTS  of  HAYNER'S  SEVEN-YEAR- 
OLD  RYE  for  $3.20,  and  we  will  pay  the  express  charges.  When  you  receive 
the  whiskey,  try  it  and  If  you  don't  find  it  all  right  and  as  good  as  you  ever 
drank  or  can  buy  from  any  body  else  at  any  price,  then  send  it  back  at  our 
expense  and  your  $3.20  will  be  returned  to  you  by  next  mail.  How  could 
an  offer  be  fairer?  We  take  all  the  risk  and  stand  all  the  expense.  If 
the  goods  do  not  please  you.  Won't  you  let  us  send  you  a  trial  order?  We 
ship  in  a  plain  sealed  case;  no  mar'',-  "o  show  what's  inside. 

Orders  for  Ariz.,  Cal.,  Col.,  Idaho,  luont.,  Nev.,  N.  Mex..  Ore.,  Utah,  Wash. 
or  Wyo.,  must  be  on  the  basis  of  4  Onarts  for  84.00  by  Express 
Prepaid  or  »0  quarts  for  816.00  by  FreiKlit  Prepaid, 

Write  our  nearest  otBce  and  do  it  NOW. 

THE  HAYNER  DISTILLING  COMPANY 

ATUNTAi  GA.  DAYTON,  OHIO  ST,  LOUIS,  MO.  ST.  PAUL.  MINN. 

ISO  DlSTILLBBT,  TBOT,  O.  ESTABLISHED  1868. 


Whereto  Sell  Your  yyOOL 


WE  ARE  THE  LEADING  DEALERS  IN  THE  WOOL  TRADE  IN  VIRGINIA. 

HIGHEST  MARKET  PRU'K  PAID,  and  no  Commis.sion,  Freight,  &c. 
cliarged.  SACKS  FURNhSHED  FREE.  Checks  remitted  promptly. 
Correspond  with  us  when  read}'  to  sell. 

THE  WALLERSTEIN  PRODUCE  CO.,  19&21  So.  lathst.,  RICHHOND,  Va. 

Referenckb  :    Vmericn  N.it''^"''  B-nk  ''"d  l."i..ii„,n„,l  ."...■,. h;,iits  sienerally. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAN  TEE. 


421 


^     ^    THE  WONDER  OF  THE  20  CENTURY.    ^^ 


THE    ACME    CHURN. 

MILK  >ERATOR  and  CREAM  SEPARATOR. 

Guaranteed  to  make  butter  from  sweet  or  sour  cream  In  from  three  to  ten 
minutes.  The  manufacturers  offer  SlOO  to  any  one  who  can  beat  this  machine 
on  time,  quality  and  quantity  on  any  given  amount  of  sweet  or  sour  cream. 
Made  of  the  very  best  materials  and  is  guaranteed. 

The  number  of  inquiries  received  from  our  first  Ad.,  on  page  299,  April 
Planter,  shows  the  great  Interest  taken  in  this  new  invention  by  the  butter 
makers  of  this  and  adjoining  States.  It  is  a  new  machine,  patented  and 
fully  protected  ;  and  the  greatest  labor  saver  of  its  kind  on  the  market.  It 
has  but  recently  been  ofTered  to  the  public,  and  by  merit  alone  is  making  a 
name  and  place  for  itself  In  enterprising  and  progressive  homes,  where  it 
lightens  and  lessens  the  labor  of  those  who  need  it  most. 

The  cut  Is  the  Single  Standard,  in  3  and  6  gal.  sizes.  In  the  Double  Stand- 
ard, the  iron  frame  la  on  both  sides  and  across  the  top,  is  heavier  and 
stronger,  with  an  extra  wheel  at  the  handle  for  either  hand  or  light  power. 
In  6  and  10  gal.  sizes.    You  can  rely  upon  what  Is  said  about  this  machine. 

Make  a  note  of  this  and  continue  to  watch  Southern  Planter. 
Address         THE  ACME  CHURN,  Lock  Box  311,  Richmond,  Virginia. 


RHODE  ISLAND  GREENINGS  VER- 
SUS BARTLETT  PEARS. 
At  a  wedding  party,  some  time  ago. 
Rev.  E.  O.  Bartlett,  of  Rhode  Island, 
at  one  time  settled  over  the  church  in 
Pittsfield,  Mass.,  made  famous  by  the 
long  pastorate  of  Dr.  John  Todd,  told 
of  a  capital  bon  mot  on  the  occasion 
of  his  own  wedding.  His  wife,  it 
seems,  was  also  a  native  of  Rhode 
Island,  and  in  the  midst  of  the  merry- 
making some  one  wittily  remarked 
that  they  had  with  them  "two  Rhode 
Island  greenings."  As  every  one 
knows,  the  Rhode  Island  greening  ap- 
ple has  always  been  a  great  favorite 
throughout  New  England.  The  words 
had  hardly  been  uttered  before  there 
came  the  ready  response:  "Yes;  you 
see,  it  takes  two  Rhode  Island  green- 
ings to  make  one  Bartlett  pair." — May 
Success. 


UGLY  FOR  SURE. 

In  a  mining  town  in  the  mountains 
of  Virginia  lived  two  little  chaps  aged 
8  and  9  years,  neighbors  and  good 
friends,  who  passed  most  of  their 
leisure  time  together  in  boyish  sports, 
but,  like  all  healthy  boys,  they  some- 
times "scrapped." 

On  one  of  these  occasions  the 
younger  one,  who  was  built  on  the 
lines  of  the  proverbial  man  who  could 
not  stop  a  pig  in  an  alley,  was  being 
twitted  by  his  companion  on  his  bow- 
legs. 

He  stood  it  manfully  for  a  while,  but 
finally  losing  patience,  he  blurted  out 

"Well,  I  may  be  bow-legged,  but 
when  the  Lord  made  j/oti.  He  made  you 
as  ugly  as  He  could  and  then  hit  you 
in  the  face." — Lippincott's  for  May. 


MODERN   IMPROVEMENTS. 
The  progress  of  this  age  is  grand. 
No     more    he    "takes    his     pen     in 
hand" — 
The  business  man,  smit  by  her  charms. 

Takes  the  typewriter  in  his  arms. 
— i>.  F.  Walcott,  in  May  Lippincott's. 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  num- 
bers can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Address 
our  Business  Office. 


FRUITS  and 
VEGETABLES 

ARE  LARGELY  INCREASED 
IN  YIELD,  AND  GREATLY 
IMPROVED  BY  THE  USE  OF 

SPRAY  PUMPS. 


!/•  Write  for  new  catalogues  and  price-lists. 

^       Our  pumps  are  used  by  the  Virginia  and  North 
^  Carolina  Agricultural  Department3. 


SYDNOR  PUMP  AND  WELL  CO.,  Inc., 

Box  946,  RICHMOND,  VIRGINIA. 

GASOLINE    ENGINES,   WIND    MILLS,    RAMS, 

TANKS.  WATER  SUPPLY  CONTRACTORS. 

ARTESIAN  WELL  DRILLERS. 

Cut  shows  a  Kerosene  Sprayer  which  can 
be  used  for  any  other  mixture. 


CHARTERED    1870. 


Merchants     National     Bank 


Capital  StocV., 
Surplus  and  Profits 


$200,000.00 
$628,000.00 


OP  RICHMOND,    V/4. 

Designated  Depository  of  the  United  States,  City  of 

Richmond  and  Commonwealth  of  Virginia, 

Being  the  Largest  Depository  for  Banks  between  Baltimore 

and  Hew  Orleans,  this  Bank  offers  superior  facilities  for 

direct  and  quick  collections. 

JNO.  P.  BRANCH,  JNO.  K.  BRANCH,  JOHN  F.  GLEHN, 

President.  Vice-President.  Cashier. 

Directors  —John  P.  Branch,  B.  B.  Munford,  Chas.  3.  Stringfellow,  Thos.  B.  Scott,  B.  W.  Branch, 
Fred  W.  Scott,  Jas  H.  Dooley,  Jno  K.  Branch,  A.S.  Buford,  Andrew  Plzzlni,  Jr.,  J.  P.  George, 
Alex.  Hamilton,  Sam'iT.  Morgan. 


When    corresponding   with   our     advertisers  always   mention  the 
Southern     Planter. 


422 


THE  SOUTHERN  FLANTEK. 


[June 


"MOORE"    QUALITY  ! 


'MOOR!"    QUANTITY 


J.  s. 


Successors  to  D.  O'SULLrVAN,  and  J.  S.  AlOORE  &  SONS. 
CORNER    eiQHTEENTH    &    MAIN    STREETS,  RICHMOND.    VIRQINIA. 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Grocers,  Feed  and  Liquor  Dealers. 


Pride  of  Richmond  Flour,  $4.10  bar- 
rel, or  27c.  sack. 

Dunlop  Flour,  $4.10  barrel,  or  27c. 
sack. 

Daisy  Flour,  $3.75  barrel,  or  25c. 
sack. 

Pure  Lard,  llMiC 

Good  Lard,  9  and  17c. 

Best  Salt  Pork,  llVic 

Good  Salt  Pork.  8V2  and  10c. 

Genuine  N.  O.  Molasses,  60c.  gallon. 

Good  N.  O.  Molasses,  50c.  gallon. 

Good  Dark  Molasses,  25c.  gallon. 

Best  Bright  Syrup,  35c.  gallon,  or 
10c.  quart. 

Arbuckle's  Coffee,  9%c.   pound. 

Cardova  Coffee,  9c.  pound. 

Best  New  Cut  Herring,  10c.  dozen, 
or  $4.75  barrel. 

Best  Roe  Herring,  20c.  dozen,  or 
$2.75    half   barrel. 

Sardines,  4c.  can,  or  $3.50  case. 

Genuine    Elgin    Butter,    26c.    pound. 

Best  Country   Butter,   25c.   pound. 

Best    Cream    Cheese,    15c.    pound. 

Prunes.   4c.,  or  7  pounds  for   25c. 

Salt,    100-pound    sacks.    45c. 

Salt,    200-pound    sacks,    80c. 

Best  Can  Tomatoes,  8c.  can. 

Assorted   Jellies,   1-quart  jars,    9c. 

Assorted   Jellies,   5-pound   pails,  20c. 


All  brands,  10c.  Tobacco,  3  plugs 
for  25c.  4 

Good  Luck  Powders,  4  and  8c.  can. 

Red  Seal  Lye,  4c.  can. 

Evaporated  Peaches,  8c.  pound. 

Lump   Starch,   4c.  pound. 

Good  Rice,   5c.   pound. 

Best   Rice,   7c.   pound. 

Best  Sherry  Wine,  imported,  $3.00 
gallon. 

Good  Port  Wine,  $1.25  gallon. 

Catawba  Wine.  12c.  quart. 

Duffy's    Malt    Whiskey,    80c.    bottle. 

O'Giady's  Malt  Whiskey,  85c.  bottle. 

Murphy's  Malt  Whiskey,  85c.  bottle. 

Casey's    Malt    Whiskey,    85c.    bottle. 

Seven-Year-Old  Pure  Maryland  Rye, 
S3.50  gallon. 

Moore's   Crown  Rye,   $2.50  gallon. 

Moore's  Keystone  Rye.  $2.25  gallon. 

Corn    Whiskey,    $2.00    gallon. 

News  Boy  Whiskey.   75c.  bottle. 

Apple  Brandy.  $2.50  gallon. 

Good   Rye    Whiskey,    $1,50   gallon. 

Good  Gin,   $2.00  gallon. 

Blackberry    Wine,    12c.    quart. 

Best  White  Corn,  6Sc.  per  bushel. 

Good  Mixed  Corn,  50c.  per  bushel. 

Best  Sifted  Oats.  45c.  per  bushel. 

Best    Shipstuff,    per   cwt.,    $1.05. 


Best  Hay,  per  cwt.,  $1.05. 

Best  City  Ground  Meal,  18c.  peck,  or 
(ijc.  per  bushel. 

Millet   Seed,   95c.   bushel. 

Cottou  Seed  Hulls,  50c.  per  100 
pounds. 

Cottou  Seed  Meal,  $1.30  per  100 
pounds. 

Coarse  Meal,  $1.15  per  100  pounds. 

6  Boxes  Axle  Grease,  25c. 

7  Pounds   Oat   Meal,   25c. 

Green  Rio  Coffee,  good  quality,   8c. 

E.  B.  Tea,  50c. 

Oolong,  40c. 

Good  Tea,  25c. 

Table  Peaches,  3  cans,  25c. 

Shredded  Cocoanut,  15c.  pound. 

Three  Bottles  Catsup,  25c. 

Pure  Jelly,  Vi-pound  jars,  9c.,  or  3 
for  25c. 

Pure  Syrup,  %-pound  jars,  9c.,  or  3 
for  25c. 

1-Gallon   Cans   Syrup,   40c. 

Pure   Pepper,    15c.    pound. 

Clover  Seed,  $4.50  per  bushel. 

Herd  Grass,  9c.  pound. 

Timothy  Seed,  $2.00  bushel. 

Special  attention  given  to  country 
orders. 


Prices   Subject   to    Market   Fluctuations.     Order   Now. 


How  is  Your  Wheat? 

/^■|Vri7    (^]h  TM^np    Invested  in  a  postal  card  and  addressed  to 
THE    CARDWELL  MACHINE   COM- 
PANY,   Richmond,    Virginia,    will    bring    you    circulars    regarding 

Gardwell's  Thresher  and  Cleaner 

They  are  SIMPLE,  DURABLE  and  EASY  TO  WORK. 
Capacity,  200  to    1000   bushels  of   wheat  per  day,  according  to  size 
and   character   of   grain. 

THE  CARDWELL  MACHINE  CO., 


Nineteenth  and  Cary  Sts., 

RICHMOND,  VIRGINIA. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER 


423 


The  following  list  of  papers  and  periodicals 
are  the  most  popular  ones  in  this  section. 
We  can  SAVE  YOU  MONEY  on  whatever 
Journal  you  wish. 


DAILIES. 

Price.    With 
Alone.  Planter. 

Times-Dispatch.  Richmond,  Va $6  00  $5  00 

The  Popt,  Washington,  D.  C 6  00    6  00 

The  Sun,  Baltimore,  Md ?.  00    S  40 

News-Leader,  Richmond,  Va 3  00    3  00 

TRI-WEEKLY. 

The  World  (thrlce-a-week),  N.  Y....  1  00    1  25 

WEEKLIES. 


Harper's  Weeltly    ...'. 4  00 

Harper's  Bazaar  100 

Montgomery  Advertiser  100 

Nashville  American   B9 

The  Baltimore  Sun  1  00 

Breeder's  Gazette  2  00 

Hoard's  Dairyman  1  00 

Country  Gentleman   1  50 

Central  Presbyterian,    "  "     2  00 

Religious  Herald,  Richmond,  Va 2  00 

Times-Dispatch,  Richmond,  Va 1  00 

Christian  Advocate,       "  "     1  50 

Horseman    3  00 


SEMI-MONTHLIES. 


50 


Wool  Markets  and  Sheep 

Dairy  and  Creamery   50  75 

Commercial  Poultry  50  75 

All  three  1  50  1  15 

MONTHLIES. 

North  American  Review  500    600 

The  Century  Magazine 4  00    4  25 

St.  Nicholas  Magazine   3  00    3  25 

Lipplncott's  Magazine  2  50    2  50 

Harper's  Magazine   4  00    4  00 

Forum  Magazine    3  00    3  25 

Scrlbner's  Magazine  .'. 3  00    3  26 

Prank  Leslies  Magazine  1  00    1  35 

Cosmopolitan  Magazine   100    135 

Everybody's  Maga7ine   100    135 

Munsey  Magazine   100    135 

Strand  Magazine  1  25    1  65 

McClure's  Magazine   1  00    1  35 

Argosy  Magazine   100    135 

Review  of  Reviews  2  50    2  75 

Southern  Fruit  Grower 50       85 

Where  you  desire  to  subscribe  to  two  or 
more  of  the  publications  named,  you  can  ar- 
rive at  the  net  subscription  price  by  deduct- 
ing 50  cents  from  "our  price  with  the 
PLANTER."  If  you  desire  to  subscribe  to 
any  other  publications  not  listed  here,  write 
us  and  we  will  cheerfully  quote  clubbing  or 
net  subscription  rates. 

Subscribers  whose  time  does  not  expire 
until  later  can  take  advantage  of  our  club 
rates,  and  have  their  subscription  advanced 
one  year  from  date  of  expiration  of  their 
subscription  to  either  the  PLANTER  or  any 
of  the  other  publications  mentioned. 

Don't  hesitate  to  write  us  for  any  Informa- 
tion desired;  we  will  cheerfully  answer  any 
correspoBdence. 

We  furnish  NO  SAMPLE  COPIES  of  other 
perlodltaU. 


Seed  House  of  the  South. 


JAPAN 
BUR 


CLOVER, 
6L0VER, 


RED  TOP  or 

HERDS  GRASS, 

KENTUCKY 

BLUE  QRASS, 

RANDALL 

QRASS, 

TALL  MEADOW 

OAT  GRASS, 

JOHNSON 

GRASS. 

GERHAN 

MILLET, 

BUCKWHEAT, 

OATS  and 

CANE  SEED. 


"Whatsoever  One  Soweth,  That  Shall  He  Reap." 

We  sell  strictly  reliable  FIELD  AND  GARDEN  SEEDS  of  every 
variety  at   Lowest   Market  rates,   included   in  which   are 
RAGLAND'S     PEDIGREE    TOBACCO    SEEDS. 
^      ^      ^      WE  ALSO   SELL 

Our   Own    Brands   of   Fertilizers 

For  Tobacco,  Corn,  Wheat,  Potatoes,  &c. 

Pure    Raw-Bone    Meal,    Nova    Scotia    and  Virginia    Plaster   and 
Fertilizing  Materials  generally. 

Parties  wishing  to  purchase  will  find  it  to  their  interest  to  price  our  goods. 
Samples  sent  by  naail  when  desired. 

1016    Main    Street, 
LYNCHBURG,  VA. 


Wm.  A.  Miller  &  Son,  ^ 


Headquarters  for 
Nursery  Stock. 


WHOLESALE 

AND 

RETAIL. 


We  make  a  specialty  of  handhng  dealers'  orders. 
ALL  STOCK   TRUE   TO    NAME. 


Apples,            Nectarines, 

Pecans, 

Ornamental  and 

Pears,              Cherrv, 

Chestnuts, 

Shade  Trees, 

Peach,             Quinces, 

Walnuts, 

Evergreens, 

Plum,               Almonds, 

Small  Fruits, 

Roses,  Etc. 

Apricots, 

CALIFORNIA   PRIVET,  tor  Hedging. 

WRITE   FOR  CATALOGUE. 

.    .    AGENTS  WANTED. 

FRANKLIN    DAVIS   NURSERY   CO., 

Baltimore,  Md 

424 


THE  SOUTHER^r  PLANTER 


[June 


Established    by 
GEO.  WATT,  1840. 


THE  CALL-WATT  CO., 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


MANFRED    CALL. 
Gen'l    Manager. 

THE   CROWN,    CRESCENT,    AND   WATT    PLOWS, 

AND  REPAIRS  FOR  PLOWS  IN  GENERAL  USE. 


—  Dealers  In  IMPLEMENTS,  MACHINERY  and  VEHICLES. 


WE  MAKE  PLOWS  that  will  enter  hard  ground  when  no  other  plow  will.  If  your  land  is  hard  and  dry,  get 
relief  and  a  good  plow  at  same  time. 

GOOD  ROADS  can  be  made  by  using  our  ROAD  PIjOWS.  Specially  adapted  to  heavy  work  and  hard  ground. 
Have  been  used  successfully  where  other  much  higher  priced  plows  would  not  enter  hard  earth. 

THE  DEERE  AND  PITTS  DISC  HARROWS.  Steel  Shanks.  Dust  Proof  Bearing  Boxes.  Flexible  Gangs,  allow- 
ing the  inner  ends  to  rise  and  fall  independently,  and  still  retain  the  same  even  pressure  in  uneven  ground  on  every  disc. 

THE  DEERE  STEEL  LEVER  HARROW.  Strong.  Flejible.  with  Spring  Trip,  relieving  all  strain  on  teeth  when 
passing  an  obstruction. 

THE  DEERE  DISC  CULTIVATOR.  Light  and  Strong,  High  Arch.  Solid  Steel  Axle.  Wheels  adjustable  in  width. 
Pivoted  Tongue,  Dust  Proof  Bearing  Boxes.  Convertible  into  an  8-disc  Harrow.  Entire  weight  can  be  thrown  on  discs 
when  desired  in  hard  ground. 

GRAIN  AND  FERTILIZER  DRILLS.  With  Disc  or  Hoe.  For  Grain,  Corn,  Peas,  and  Fertilizers  accurate  work 
can  be  depended  on. 

THRESHING  MACHINES  FOR  GRAIN  AND  PEANUTS.  From  one  to  ten  horse  power.  Sold  upon  their  merits, 
and  guaranteed  to  give  satisfaction.     Unsurpassed  by  any,  and  sold  at  prices  lower  than  any  other  first-class  machines. 

BALING  PRESSES.  For  Hand,  Horse  or  Steam  Power,  at  prices  that  will  enable  every  grower  of  hay  to  have 
his  own  press. 

FIELD  ROLLERS.  Steel  Rims.  Solid  Steel  Heads,  keep  the  earth  from  clogging  in  the  shells  as  in  all  open 
head  rollers.    Special  oil  device,  tree  from  grit. 

THE  IMPERIAL  ONE  HORSE  FARM  WAGONS.  Steel  Arlc  and  Thimble  Skein.  Built  of  best  material  and  sold 
under  full  guarantee, 

THE  MOLINE  WAGONS.  Light  Running  and  Durable.  Guaranteed  to  be  made  of  best  airdried  lumber. 
Handsomely  finished,  and  have  feature  not  found  in  any  other. 

ENGINES,  SAW  MILLS,  CORN  AND  FEED  MILLS,  CORN  SHELLERS,  FEED  AND  ENSILAGE  CUTTERS, 
PEA  HULLERS,  ETC. 

We  solicit  inquiries  for  anything  needed. 

13  So.  Fifteenth    Street, 
Between  Main  and  Cary. 


RICHMOND,  VA.      THE  CALL=WATT  CO. 


R. 


CATALOGUES. 
J.  Hancock  &  Son,  Charlottesville, 
Va.     Catalogue   of   the   Ellerslie   year- 
lings to  be  sold  at  the  Brooklyn  Rare 
Course,  Gravesend,  N.  Y.,  June  12,  1903. 


Piedmont  Nurseries,  Piedmont,  N.  C. 
North  Carolina  Woody  and  Herbaceous 
Plants  and  Other  Ornamentals.  Spring 
Catalogue,  1903. 


Danforth  Chemical  Co.,  Leominister, 
Mass.     Bug  Death. 


Piano  Division  Internation  Harvester 
Co.  of  America,  Chicago,  111.  Lighten- 
ing Piano  Harvesting  Machines. 


Deering  Division  International  Har- 
vester Co.  of  America,  Chicago,  111. 
The  Deering  Corn  Machine  Annual  for 
1903. 


"Pat,"  said  a  manager  to  one  of  his 
workmen,  "you  must  be  an  early  riser. 
J  always  find  you  at  work  the  first 
thing   in   the    morning." 

"Indade  and  Oi  am,  sor.  It's  a  fam- 
ily trait,  Oi'm  thinking." 

"Then  your  father  was  an  early 
riser,   too?" 

•'Me  father,  is  it?  He  roises  that 
early  that  if  he  went  to  bed  a  little 
later  he'd  meet  himself  getting  up  In 
the  mornin'." — Western  Christian  Ad- 
vocate. 


je     THE    Jt 


SEABOARD 

AIR  LINE  RAILWAY 


OFFERS 
PROFITABLE 
INVESTMENTS 
TO-^ 


THE  MANUFACTURER, 
THE  STOCK  RAISER, 
THE  DAIRYMAN, 
THE  FRUIT  GROWER, 
THE  TRUCKER. 


WHERE    YOUR     LABOR     IS     NOT     IN    VAIN. 

Would  a  country  where  work  can  be  carried  on  the  entire  year  and  where 
laige  profits  can  be  realij.ed  interest  you? 

The  SEABOARD  Air  Line  Railway  traverses  six  Southern  States  and  a 
region  of  this  character.  One  two  cent  stamp  will  bring  handsome  illustrated 
literature  descriptive  of  the  section. 


J.  B.  WHITE, 
Gen.  Industrial  Agl.,  Portsmouth,  Va. 


EDW.  W.  COST,  CHARLES  B.  RYAN, 

Traffic  Mgr.       Gen.  Pass.  Agt.,  Portsmouth,  Va. 


When  corresponding  with  our  advertisers  always  mention  the 
Southern  Planter. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKX  PLANTER. 


425 


WAGONS  and  BUGGIES 

MADE 

RIGHT  HERE 

AT    HOME 

BY 

The  BARBOUR  BUGGY  CO., 
The  HUGHE5  BUGGY  CO., 
The  VIRGINIA    WAGON    CO.    j 

These  vehicles  are  guaranteed  to  be  as  good  as  can  be  bought  elsewhere;  material  and 
workmanship  unsurpassed ;  all  sizes  and  styles,  prices  low.  We  can  save  you  time, 
money  and  freight  by  purchasing  our  vehicles.  Send  for  our  illustrated  catalogues. 
Drop  in  our  warehouse  and  inspect  our  stock.     Inquiries  cheerfully  answered. 

AGENTS    rOR    DEERING    MACHINES. 

RICHMOND  BUGGY  &  WAGON  C0.,  1433  E.  Main  Street.  RICHMOND,  VA. 

\  J.  T-  DUNN,  Manager. 

i  <K><H>CH><H><H><KKH><KKHi<KKK><H>0<><K>O<^^ 


All  of  Virginia. 


R.  H.  BOSHER'S  SONS, 

15  S.  9th  St.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Carriage  and  Wagon  Makers. 

Building  Carriages  (o  order  is  our  special  business.  Re- 
pairing and  Repainting  done,  and  best  material  used.  A 
full  line  of  all  the  latest  styles.  Orders  for  all  classes  of 
Vehicles  solicited. 


1903     IN  THE  STUD  AT  LAUREL  HILL  FARM     1903 

THE  FINE  HACKNEY  STALLION 


1903.  IN  THE  STUD.  1903. 

WEALTH,  29579. 

RACE   RECORD,   2:17>^,   Pacing. 

Tiiiie.l  .-^eparatelv  in  2:0S  in  a  race  at  Indiana 
State  Eair.  1902 
Bay  horse,  foaled  1R97:   llj  hands  high,  weight,  1,200. lbs. 
Sired  by  Gainbetta  Wilkes,  2.19i,  dam  Magnolia,  by  Norfolk, 
3670.     AVealth  is  grand  individually  and  in  appearance. 

FEE,  $20  the  Season  with  return  privjlege.  or  $25  to  insure. 
Address  s.  F,  CHAPMAN,  Gordonsviile,  Va. 


HEIDREIK 


Bay  horse,   foaled   1S98:    Ifi  hands   high.     This   horse   has 

great  natural  action,  and  is  capable  of  getting 

the  highest  class  harness   horses. 

FEE,  $10.00  the  Season  or  $15.00  to  Insure. 


Addr 


C,  F,  &  J.  BUTTON.  Wallter's  Ford,  Va. 


WHALEBONE,  7872. 

Sired  by  Abdallah  Wilkes,  son  of  George  Wilkes,  2.22. 
Dam  Maggie  0.,  by  .4bdallah,  15,  sire  of  Goldsmith  Maid, 
2.14;  second  dam  Viley  Filly,  by  Pilot,  Jr.,  sire  of  dam  of 
Maud  S.,  2.0S4. 

NoTK. — Whalebone  Is  a  richly  colored  bay  horse  of  fine 
size,  handsome  and  well  formed.  His  disposition  is  perfect. 
He  has  sired  Visitor,  2.265.  and  other  winners. 

FEE,  $15,   with  usual   return  privilege. 

Addre.ss  W.   J.    CARTFR, 

P.    O.    BO.X    929.    RICHMOND,     VA. 


GREAT  STAKES,  25521. 

RACE  RECORD,  2:20  Trotting. 

By  horse,   by   Billy  Thornhill.   2.24,   dam    Sweetstakes,    by 

Sweep  Stakes,  29S.    Great  Stakes  has  sired  Captain, 

2.16i:  Foxhall.  2.193.  and  four  others  in  the  list 

FEE.  25,00  for  the  Season  of  1903, 

W.  H.  NELSON,  1417  E.  Franklin  St.,  Richmond,  Va. 


Pedigrees  trac.?d  and  tabulated.     Catalogues  compiled  and 
circulars  prepared.     Special  attention  given  registration 
matters  pertaining  to  thoroughbreds  and  trotting  horses 

.    .    .    BY   .    .    . 

w.  J.  CARTER  (Broad  Rock), 

P.O.  Box  929  RICMMOND,  VA. 

Representing  the  .... 

The  Ti.uts-DisPATCH.  Richmond,  Va. 

SoLTHLHN  Planter.  Richmond,  Va. 

Sport.s  ot  THE  TiMts,  New  York. 

Kr;NTi  fKv  Stock  Farm.  Lexington,  Ky. 

Bkuedek  a.nd  Sportsman,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  ■ 


42(3 


THE  SOUTHEKX  PLANTKil. 


[June 


New  Factor;  Building  Just  Purchased  By  INTERNATIONAL  STOCK  FOOD  CO.,  Minneapolis.  Hiim. 


It  is  the  famous  Exposition  Building  buUt  by  the  city  of  Minneapolis  on  the  bank  of  the 
Mississippi  River  and  overlookinp  St.  Anthony  Falls.  It  is  now  to  be  used  for  the 
manufacturing  of  their  celebrated  "International  Stock  Pood."  The  building  is  300  by  300  feet 
and  has  an  addition  7S  by  150.  It  is  the  largest  manufacturing  building  in  the  entire 
Northwest   and   contains   over   600,000   feet  of    space.      It   cost   the   city   over   |400,000 


REPORTS. 

U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  Bureau  of  Animal 
Industry.  Circular  40.  Officials, 
associations  and  educational  insti- 
tutions connected  with  the  dairy 
interests  of  the  United  States  for 
year  1903. 

Bureau  of  Chemistry.  Bulletin  75. 
Sugar  Cane  Culture  in  the  South 
best  for  the  manufacture  of  table 
syrup. 

Office  of  Experiment  Stations.  Experi- 
ment Station  Record.  Vol.  XIV., 
Xo.  9. 

Office  of  Experiment  Station.  The 
Source  of  CarlwHydrates  for  the 
South  for  the  Production  of  Meat. 

OfRce  of  Experiment  Stations.  Some 
Features  of  Recent  Progress  in 
Agricultural  Education. 

Ofuce  of  Experiment  Stations.  Co- 
operation Between  Experiment 
Stations  and  Farmers. 

Office  of  Experiment  Stations.  Popu- 
lar Editions  of  Station  Bulletins. 

Single  Germ  Beet  Balls  and  Other  Sug- 
gestions for  Improving  Sugar  Beet 
Culture. 

Sugar  Beet  Pulp  as  Animal  Food. 

Farmers'  Bulletin  No.  113.    The  Apple, 


and  How  to  Grow  it. 
Farmers'  Bulletin  Xo.  167.     Cassava. 
Farmers'  Bulletin  No.  1C8.     Pearl  Mil- 
let. 
Alabama,  Tuskegee  Normal  and  Indus- 
trial  Institute,  Tuskegee,  Ala.     Farm- 
ers'     Leaflet      Xo.      14.      Raising 
Chickens. 
Colorado     Experiment     Station,     Fort 
Collins.    Col.     Press    Bulletin    19. 
Grasshoppers. 
Idaho    Experiment     Station,    Moscow, 
Idaho.     Bulletin  34.     Tomato  Cul- 
ture. 
Bulletin  35.     Meteological  Records. 
Bulletin  36.     The  Codling  Moth. 
Bulletin'    37.     Some     Conditions     of 
Stock  Poisoning  in  Idaho. 
1-ouisiana   Experiment   Station,   Baton 
Rouge,    La.     Bulletin    73.     Forage 
Crops,    Grasses,    Alfalfa,    Clovers, 
etc. 
.Michigan  Experiment  Station  Agricul- 
tural College,   Michigan.     Bulletin 
201.     Mosquitoes     and     Other     In- 
sects of  the  'V'ear  1902. 
.Missouri   Experiment    Station,    Colum- 
bia, ilo.     Bulletin  54.     The  Straw- 
berry   False    Worm.     The   Straw- 
berry Leaf  Roller. 
Bulletin  5.j.     Pruning  Peach  Trees. 
Bulletin  59.     Corn   Improvement  for 


Missouri. 
New    Hampshire    Experiment    Station, 
Durham.  X.  H.     Bulletin  100.     The 
V.'hite  Fly  of  Greenhouses. 
Bulletin  101.     Fungous  Diseases  and 

Spraying. 
Press  Bulletin  47.     The  Brown  Tail 
Moth  in  Xew  Hampshire. 
Xew  York  Experiment  Station,  Geneva. 
X.  Y.     Bulletin  221.     Shall  Potato 
Growers  Spray? 
Bulletin       229.     Directors'      Report, 

1902. 
Bulletin     230.     Some     Facts     About 
Commercial     Fertilizers     in     New 
York. 
North    Carolina    Experiment    Station, 
Raleigh,  N.  C.     How  to  L'tilize  the 
Surplus  Apple  Crops. 
Ohio  Experiment  Station,  Wooster,  O. 
Bulletin    137.     Suggestions    concern- 
ing Apple  Culture. 
Rhode     Island     Experiment     Station, 
Kingston,  R.  I.  Bulletin  91.     Bush 
Fruits. 
Bulletin  92.     The  Soy  Bean. 
Virginia   Weather   Bureau,    Richmond, 

Va.     Repoi-t  for  April.  1903. 
West    Indian    Department    of   Agricul- 
ture. Barbadoes,  W.  I.     Agricultu- 
ral News. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


427 


LABOR=SAVINQ  IMPLEMENTS  AND  MACHINERY. 


Oora  Planter. 


/-•/-vQiyr    Qi     AMTPD^     "^^^     HOOJIEK,   both   sii):-le    ;uiii    double    row, 
LUKll     r  LA.l>  1  CKO.    ^vlth     aBd    without    fertilizer    attachment.     The 


SPANGI.EK  fur  Corn,  Peas  and  Sortth urn. 

CULTIVATORS.  ^^^^c^^J 

vators  au.l  Horse  Hoes.     CONTINENTAL    Disc 
Cultivators  and  Harrows,  the  best  in  the  world. 

Spring  tooth   attachments  for  cultivator.     RODERICK   LEAN  steel  lever  harr.  ws  for 

one,  two  and  three  horses. 

THE  SOUTH 
BEND  CHILLED 
PLOWS. 


DISC  CULTIVATOR. 


HORSE  KOE. 

Wood  or  Steel  beam  ;  all  sizes.     Guaranteed  equal  to  any  made. 

THE   CELEBRATED 

HANCOCK  DISC  PLOW. 

5ingle  or  Double  Disc. 


DISC  HARROWS— All  Sizes. 


SPIKE  TOOTH  HARROW. 


THE  OLD  RELLABLE 

PEERLESS   ENGINES. 

SAW  MiLLS  and 
THRESHING  MACHINES. 


THE  FISH,  THE  WEBER  AND  THE  CHAMPION  WAGONS 

IN  ALL  SIZES. 

General  agency  for  the  Columbus  Buggy  Co.,  Col- 
umbus, Ohio.  A.  Wrenn  &  Sons,  Norfolk,  Va  ,  and 
other  celebrated  makers  of  vehicles.  All  grades  in 
stock. 

Harness,   Robes   and    Whips,    Pittsburg    Perfect    Wire 

Fencing,    welded    by    electricity.     Circular     for     the 
asking'.     Correspondence  solicited. 


THE    WATT    PLOW    CO., 


1452    E.    FRANKLIN    and 
1404  E.    MAIN    STREET. 


Richmond,  Va. 


4J8 


THE  SOUTHEKX  PL^\2s:TpR. 


[Jiiue 


Latest    Improved    FARM    IMPLEMENTS. 


ANTI-DIRT  MILK   PAIL 


Only  Pail  ma.le  Unit  preveuls  Iiirt  iiu.l  Uair  from 
dropping  iui.i  ilio  Milk  nnii  STKAINS  IT  TWICE 
while  milking,    Aeniles  iind  I'ools  it. 
Every  Farmer  and  Dairyman  Should  Use  it. 


Special  prices  given  on  Studebakcrand  Brown 

Wagons,  Buggies  and  Carts. 
Stud;baker  Buggies,   all  styles,   Studebaker 
Carriages,  Studebaker  Carts,  Stude- 
baker Runabouts. 


Aspinwall  Potato  Planter. 

Automalic,  Accurate  ami  Kellatile.  Used  by 
thousands  of  practical  growers  tlip  world  over. 

Over  twenty  years  on  the  market.  Don't  be 
fooled  by  Imitations  and  nmke-sliifts  but  write 
for  attractive  illustrated  catalosnc. 

Buckeye    Force    Pumps.       Porce- 

lained  Wood   Pumps.     Wood 

and    Steel    Wind    Mills. 

Frick   and    Aultman  and    Taylor 

Engines,  Saw  Mills  and 

Threshers. 


The 
^m         Celebrated 

«ifis^  Plymouth 
[^    Twine*. ^ 

E.ven,  SmootK, 
Strong,  -  Full 
Leng'tK.  Every 
Ball  Warrant- 
ed.   wS>   j0    ^   ^ 

IT  DRAi\^S  THE  BRR- 


Bement  Disc  Cultivator,  with 
6  org  Disc. 

Built  entirely  of  steel,  steel  forgings  and  mal- 
leable iron.  The  most  simple  and  easiest  ad- 
justed cutllvator  ou  the  market  to-duy.  Write 
tor  circular!!  and  testiuionluls. 


rHC  WHEELS  WILL  NOT  LIFT  VdOM  THE  OROUNIk. 

CHAMPION   Mowers,  Reapers,  Binders.  Hay 
Rakes  aitd  Twine. 


Genuine  BROWN  Walking  and  Riding 

'.'ullivutor.    .\11  styles.     Write  for 

circular  and  prices. 

Smith's  EUREKA  f'ora  Planters. 

FARMER'S  FRIEND  Plain  and  Fertilizer 

Planters. 

TKJER'Double-Row  Plain  Planters.  '  TKiER 

Double-Row  Planters  with  Fertilizer  and 

('heck  Rower  Altticliment. 


THiEK    .^loel    au.l    Wooii    Self-Dumi 
GRANilER  Steel  and  Wood  Hand-Dump  I 
all  sizes. 

ELI  BALING  PRESSES. 


sjyies  nnd  sizes.     For  horse  or  st 
Write  for  prices  and  catalogues. 


Kemp's  Improved  Manure  Spreader, 
Tliree  Sizes. 


^^^SSfc"*— 


One  and  Two-H.rse  Planter,  Plain 
or  with  Fertilizer  Attachment. 


Cahoon  Seed    Sower. 

Michigan  Wheelbarrow  Sower. 

Three  Size-s 

Superior  Urain  and  Fertilizer 

Drills.     Hoe  and  Disc. 


"Bement"  Improved  Duplex 
Tooth  Weeders. 

Write  for  circulars  and  prices. 


HENING  &  NUCKOLS, 


Successors  to 

CHAS.  E.  HUNTER, 


MMLiiSl, 


The  Southern  Planter. 


DEVOTED  TO 


PRACTICAL  AND  PROGRESSIVE  AGRICULTURE,   HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING,   LIVE  STOCK  AND    THE    FIRESIDE. 


Agriculture  is  the  nursing  mother  of  the  Art8.==XENOPHON. 
Tillage  and  pasturage  are  the  two  breasts  of  the  State. =-SULLY. 


64th  Year. 


Richmond,  July,  1903. 


No.  7. 


Farm  Management. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH. 

At  this  season  of  the  year  it  has  usually  been  our 
practice  to  review  the  progress  and  condition  of  the 
crops  throughout  the  country,  and  endeavor  to  pre- 
sent some  idea  of  what  the  probable  returns  are  likely 
to  be  and  to  point  out  deficiencies  and  make  such 
suggestions  for  meeting  these  as  are  still  capable  of 
being  carried  out.  The  unusual  weather  conditions 
which  have  prevailed  more  or  less  over  the  whole 
coimtry  since  the  commencement  of  the  crop-planting 
season  renders  this  work  this  year  a  difficult  one. 
The  great  disturbing  factor  in  the  crop  situation  in 
the  South  was,  first,  the  unseasonable  weather  in 
the  month  of  March,  when  we  had  practically  Mav 
weatlier:  and,  secondly,  the  unseasonable  weather  of 
April  and  May,  when  we  had  a  March  temperature 
with  a  drought.  The  March  weather  forced  the 
wheat,  oat  and  grass  crops  into  rapid  growth  and 
then  the  cold  and  drought  of  April  and  May  checked 
his  so  suddenly  as  greatly  to  impair  the  vitality  of 
^le  crops.  On  the  first  of  May  we  had  the  prospect 
of  one  of  the  finest  wheat  crops  ever  raised  in  the 
South.  Since  that  time  its  condition  has  been  one  of 
constant  impairment,  and  now  at  harvest  time  the 
yield  promises  to  be  below  the  average.  Oats  have 
suffered  in  like  manner,  whilst  the  hay  and  clover 
crops  are  seriously  curtailed.  Throughout  the  rest 
of  the  country  the  winter  wheat  crop  has  been  greatly 
injured  in  some  sections  by  drought  and  in  others  by 
flood,  so  that  the  average  condition  as  reported  on  the 
first  of  June  is  82.2,  as  compared  with  92.6  on  May 
1st:  76.1  on  June  1,  1002,  and  a  ten-vear  average  of 


79.1.  The  spring  wheat  crop  is  considerably  less  in 
area  than  a  year  ago,  but  its  condition  comim'- 
favorably  with  the  ten-year  average.  The  oat  crop 
is  nearly  1,000,000  acres  less  in  area  than  a  year  ago, 
with  an  average  condition  below  that  of  the  ten- 
year  average. 


The  indications  from  these  figures  would  seem 
to  be  for  smaller  grain  crops  than  those  of  last  year, 
and  it  is  probable  that  they  will  be  even  less  than 
these  figures  indicate,  as  the  full  extent  of  the  loss 
of  crops  in  Kansas,  Iowa  and  Illinois  by  recent  floods 
was  rot  kno-mi  at  the  time  when  these  returns  were 
made  up.  It  would  seem  to  be  wise  policy  for  fai-"^ 
ers  to  be  in  no  hurry  to  sell  their  wheat.  Future 
prices,  in  our  opinion,  will  be  higher,  rather  than 
lower. 


The  corn  crop  of  the  So\ith  starts  its  growth  very 
unfavorably  for  a  heavy  yield.  The  stand  is  every- 
where reported  to  be  uneven  and  late  in  starting,  and 
much  of  the  crop  has  been  planted  on  land  poorh- 
prepared.  The  drought  of  May  made  the  land  break 
up  cloddy  and  since  this  broke  the  rains  have  been 
so  freqiient  as  to  prevent  that  cultivation  necessary 
to  correct  this  condition.  The  month  of  Jxme,  t 
up  to  this  writing,  has  been,  throughout  nearly  the 
whole  South,  much  too  cool  for  corn  to  grow,  and 
complaint  is  frequent  of  the  bad  color  of  the  crop. 
Corn  which  does  not  grow  off  quickly  and  make  con- 
tinuous rapid  growth  rarely  makes  a  satisfactory 
yield.     We  are,  however,  hoping  to  see  now  some 


430 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[July 


sununeT  weather  and  this  will,  if  it  comes,  help  the 
crop  materially.  There  is  plenty  of  moisture  in  the 
soil,  and  this  is  a  great  factor  in  the  growth  of  the 
crop. 


The  tobacco  crop  was  late  planted,  and  much  of  it 
set  out  in  land  too  dry  for  the  young  plants  to  have 
a  chance  to  start  growth  at  once.  Since  it  was 
planted  the  weather  has  been  too  cool  for  the  best 
j^rogress,  and  so  prospects  are  not  of  the  brightest. 
The  reports  we  receive  lead  us  to  believe  that  there  is 
a  less  area  planted  than  last  year. 


The  cotton  crop  prospects  are  distinctly  unfavor 
able,  as  the  average  condition  on  the  26th  of  May 
was  only  74,  as  compared  with  95  on  May  26,  1902, 
and  a  ten-year  average  of  86.  This  condition  is  for 
the  cotton  States  as  a  whole,  and  for  Georgia,  Ala- 
bama and  Texas  in  particular — the  lowest  condition 
ever  reported  at  this  season  of  the  year.  The  crop 
is  almost  everywhere  from  ten  to  twenty-one  days 
late.  There  is  an  increase  in  the  area  planted  of  over 
1,000.000  acres. 


The  drought  of  May  has  materially  reduced  the 
hay  crop  of  the  country  generally,  and  indications  are 
that  this  will  have  the  effect  of  causing  firm  prices  to 
prevail  during  the  year.  Here,  whilst  the  earliest 
d-ops  have  been  much  shortened,  there  is  yet  time  for 
much  of  this  deficiency  to  be  made  good  by  second 
crops. 


Reviewing  these  conditions  it  would  not  seem  that 
prospects  are  of  the  brightest,  but  with  a  fine  late 
summer  and  fall  there  is  yet  the  chance  that  southern 
farmers  may  not  be  amongst  those  who  will  suffer 
most.  There  is  yet  ample  time  to  plant  forage  crops 
to  make  good  any  deficiency  in  the  hay  crops  and  for 
fodder,  and  we  would  urge  that  no  efforts  should  be 
spared  to  attain  this  end.  The  probable  shortage 
of  the  corn  crop  should  be  supplemented  by  cow 
peas  planted  for  a  seed  crop. 


Prices  for  all  farm  and  truck  crops  and  for  stock 
keep  good,  and  with  such  prospects  as  we  have  indi- 
cated for  future  crops  and  with  the  enormous  con- 
sumption which  a  fully  employed  population  calls 
f'lr,  we  see  no  reason  to  anticipate  any  drop  in  these. 
^^'^latever  the  farm  produces  can  be  readily  spld,  and 
at  a  paying  price.  We  would,  therefore,  urge  the 
production  of  everything  possible. 


The  cultivation  of  the  corn  crop  should  receive 
very  particular  attention  this  month,  as  iipon  the 
effectiveness  of  this  work  will  largely  depend  how 
far  the  present  backward  and  unpromising  condition 
of  the  crop  is  to  be  improved  upon.  With  such  culti- 
vation as  can,  and  ought  to,  be  given,  and  with  the 
moisture  now  in  the  land,  if  we  have  only  hot  weather 
this  condition  can  be  so  improved  as  to  bring  the 
yield  nearly  up  to  the  average.  Few  farmers  appre- 
ciate what  an  important  factor  the  presence  of  abun- 
dant moisture  in  the  land  is  to  the  well  doing  of  the 
corn  crop  and  how  necessary  it  is  to  conserve  it.  In 
experiments  made  at  the  Wisconsin  Experiment 
Station  it  has  been  found  that  it  requires  about  310 
pounds  of  water  to  produce  a  single  pound  of  dry 
matter.  By  figuring  up  the  amount  of  dry  matter  in 
an  80-acre  field  of  corn  and  multiplying  by  310  the 
pounds  of  water  that  are  required  to  produce  the 
crop  will  be  secured.    The  result  is  astonishing. 

It  does  not  seem  possible  that  such  an  enormous 
quantity  of  moisture  can  be  secured  by  the  com 
plants  during  the  growing  season,  and,  more  impor- 
tant than  all,  this  moisture,  In  most  part,  la  us(:d 
during  July  and  August,  the  months  of  least  rainfall 
in  the  year ;  so  it  can  easily  be  seen  that  the  conserva- 
tion of  the  moisture  in  the  soil  is  an  exceedingly  im- 
portant problem,  and  one  which  every  com  grower 
in  the  country  will  find  it  profitable  to  investigate. 

The  Illinois  Station  conducted  exhaustive  tests  of 
the  comparative  amount  of  moisture  conserved  by  the 
different  methods  of  cultivation.  Two  things  were 
found  to  be  true:  First,  that  deep  cultivation  con- 
serves soil  moisture;  and,  second,  that  frequent  cul- 
tivation conserves  the  moisture  most  effectively  of  all 
plans  of  cultivation.  It  was  found  that  in  the  deep 
cultivations,  despite  the  excess  of  moisture,  the  yield 
was  very  low,  compared  with  shallow  culture.  To 
find  the  cause  of  this  an  extensive  series  of  experi- 
ments with  the  pruning  or  cutting  off  of  the  roots 
of  the  corn  plant  was  conducted.  /  ■< 

In  this  root-pruning  experiment  a  field  of  com  wai>^ 
selected  and  one  row  was  root  pruned  two  inches^ 
deep.  This  root  pruning  was  done  with  a  broad, 
sharp  spade.  The  spade  was  set  down  about  six 
inches  from  the  stalk  of  com  in  the  hill  on  every  side 
of  the  hill.  The  spade  was  pushed  down  into  the  soil 
and  a  guard  allowed  it  to  penetrate  just  to  the  depth 
planned  for  in  the  experiment.  The  whole  field  was 
cultivated  with  a  weeder  and  all  weeds  not  removed 
in  this  way  were  cut  out  by  hand.  This  was  .done 
so  that  the  rows  of  corn  would  receive  equal  cultiva- 
linn  and  he  under  like  conditions.    The  pruning  was 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


431 


done  three  times  in  the  season  at  about  tHe  ordinary 
times  of  cultivation.  The  second  row  was  not 
pruned  and  the  third  row  was  pruned  four  inches 
deep.  The  fourth  row  was  not  pruned  and  the  fifth 
row  was  pruned  six  inches  deep.  This  was  repeated 
until  a  large  field  was  treated  in  this  manner. 

The  resulting  yields  were  as  follows  for  three 
seasons:  Not  pruned,  62  bushels  an  acre;  pruned 
two  inches  deep,  60  bushels  an  acre ;  pruned  four 
inches  deep,  4.5  bushels  an  acre ;  pruned  six  inches 
deep,  30  bushels  an  acre. 

In  fact,  these,  and  all  other  similar  experiments, 
simply  prove  that  any  injury  to  the  roots  of  the  plants 
reduces  the  yield.  The  amount  of  this  reduction 
was  about  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  roots  cut' 
oif.  These  experiments  explain  very  clearly  the  re 
duction  of  the  yield  by  deep  cultivation. 

The  results  of  experiments,  and  from  practical 
experience,  are  to  the  eflfect  that  continued  cu'civa- 
tion,  keeping  a  loose  mulch  on  the  s-.rface  of  tfe  soil, 
gives  the  best  results.  The  general  practice  coming 
into  vogue  among  the  most  progressive  and  si'ccessf  ul 
corn  growers  is  that  after  com  reaches  a  jeight  to 
interfere  in  cultivating  with  the  ordinary  two-horse 
cultivator,  to  use  a  single  horse  with  a  five-tooth 
harrow  or  drag  and  cultivate  between  the  rows  of 
corn  during  the  setting  of  the  ear?  on  the  stalks. 
The  yields  to  the  acre  of  100  bushels  have  been  se- 
cured by  this  plan,  and  experience  tas  proved  it  to  be 
practical  and  successful  on  a  lar^e  scale. 

With  the  results  of  these  experiments  before  you 
cultivate  shallow,  cultivate  frequently,  and  the  re- 
sult with  the  land  so  full  of  moisture,  as  it  now  is, 
will  probably  be  a  yield  of  corn  which  may  suffice  to 
make  good  the  deficiency  which  an  ungenial  May, 
and  ci^n  sequent  late  planting,  threatens. 


fertility  and  raoisturJ  and  prevent  washing,  and  at 
the  same  time  ivrnish  fall,  winter  an.l  spring  gi-aziv.i^ 
for  stock. 


Let  'he  sa^ne  ''ueful  and  frequent  cultivation  be 
given  the  (.•<.. tton  and  tobacco  crops.  The  same  prin- 
ciples apply  to  these  as  to  the  corn  crop,  though  these 
being  crops  havirg  a  less  widely  ramified  root  system 
there  is  less  danger  of  root  pruning  in  the  middles  of 
the  rows  with  somewhat  deeper  cultivation  than 
would  be  safe  with  the  corn  crop. 


When  it  is  impossible  longer  to  continue  cultiva- 
tion without  breaking  down  the  stalks  or  leaves,  then 
lay  the  crop  by  iei^el,  and  in  doing  so  seed  the  land 
with  cow  peas  or  crimson  clover,  sapling  clover  and 
a  small  quantity  of  rape,  say  two  pounds  to  the  acre, 
so  that  when  the  principal  crop  is  harvested  there  will 
be  something  left  growing  on  the  land  to  conserve 


•  After  the  sm-,'^  grain  crops  have  been  harvested, 
and  when  not  "^eded  in  grass  or  clover,  run  over  the 
stubble  with  ■  ^^^^  harrow  and  sow  either  cow  peas 
or  crimson  '^o'^er  or  sapling  clover  or  rape,  with  some 
wheat  or -"^^s  i^^i^*"*^  with  these,  and  thus  find  the 
land  so'i^^li"ig  better  to  do  than  grow  a  crop  of 
weeds  which  only  impoverish  the  land  and  make  no 
gout  ibution  towards  carrying  the  live  stock  oi  liie 
fa-m  or  even  furnish  more  than  the  very  smallest 
CLiantity  of  vegetable  matter  for  making  hum;i3.  It 
is  of  vital  importance  to  the  maintenance  and  en- 
hancement of  the  fertility  of  land  in  the  South  ;hat 
some  cover  crop  should  be  kept  on  the  land  at  all 
times.  Naked  land  becomes  rediiced  in  fertility 
faster  than  when  growing  a  crop. 


Where  clover  or  grass  has  been  seeded  with  the 
small  grain,  crops  see  that  the  weeds,  which  spring 
up  as  soon  as  the  crops  are  cut,  are  not  allowed  to 
flower  and  seed.  There  doing  so  robs  the  grass  and 
clover  of  moisture  and  plant  food  and  often  makes 
a  good  stand  at  the  cutting  of  the  crop  a  failure  before 
winter  sets  in,  and  in  any  event  sends  it  into  winter 
weakened  and  tender,  and  hence  more  subject  to  win- 
ter killing.  Set  the  mower  high  enough  to  clip  the 
weeds  without  taking  too  much  off  the  clover  and 
grass  and  leave  the  weed  cuttings  as  a  mulch.  These 
will  sink  down  into  the  bottom  and  form  a  protection 
to  the  roots  in  winter. 


This  month  and  August  are  the  best  times  for 
seeding  dwarf  Essex  rape  for  fall,  winter  and  spring 
gi-azing  for  sheep,  hogs  and  young  cattle.  This  crop 
is  most  valuable  for  this  purpose,  but  cannot  be 
cured  for  dry  forage.  An  acre  of  rape  has  been 
found  to  be  the  equivalent  of  2,767  pounds  of  grain 
when  fed  to  hogs  at  the  Wisconsin  Experiment  Sta- 
tion. Sheep  and  lambs  fatten  on  it  quickly,  but  it 
is  not  fit  to  feed  to  milch  cows,  as  it  is  apt  to  taint 
the  milk.  Three  or  four  pounds  of  seed  will  sow  an 
acre  broadcast  or  two  pounds  will  sow  the  same  area 
in  drills  two  feet  apart.  It  makes  a  heavier  crop 
when  sown  in  drill  and  cultivated  two  or  three  times. 


Prepare  land  for  rutabagas  and  turnips. .  These 
crops,  in  order  to  be  grown  successfully,  require  the 
land  to  be  finely  broken  and  be  in  a  good  state  of 
fertility.     A  dressing  of  500  or  600  pounds  of  acid 


432 


THE  SOUTHEK.N  PLAXTEl^ 


[July 


phosphate  per  acre  Mill  be  for.n^  profitable,  even  on 
good  land.  Kntagabas  sWinld  bt  sown  this  month 
or  in  the  lirst  half  of  Angust.  fhey  make  a  Virop 
that,  keeps  better  than  common  tni\,,s  and  are  b^ter 
feed  for  stock.  With  heavy  fcrtili^on  with  farm- 
.  yard  manure  and  acid  phosphate-Aa-entv-five  or 
thirty  tons  to  the  acre — can  be  easily  gi'cs-n,  and  thev 
will-HDe  found  of  inestimable  value  m  th^yinter  for 
feeding  cows,  sheep  and  hogs.  They  are  \^gt  sown 
in  drills  2  feet  6  inches  apart.  _  After  the  plaii^  have 
made  two  or  three  leaves  they  should  be  thinnk  o^^t 
in  the  rows  so  as  to  stand  six  or  eight  inches  apyt 
and  slionld  be  kept  cTiltivated  and  free  from  wee^. 


ALFALFA. 

In  our  last  issue  we  wrote  an  article  in  which  we 
strongly  encouraged  the  growing  of  alfalfa  in  the 
South,  ^d  dealt  with  some  of  the  problems  involved 
in  the  production  of  the  crop.  We  will  now  take  np 
one  or  tvo  other  factors  which  lack  of  space  then 
compelled  lis  to  pass  by.  Before  doing  so,  however, 
we  want  to  bring  to  the  notice  of  southern  farmers 
what  is  being  done  in  one  Southern  State  (Louisiana) 
in  the  production  of  alfalfa  and  what  a  source  of 
profit  it  is  found  to  he.  In  that  State  a  considerable 
number  of  cotton  plaijters  have  for  several  years 
grown  the  crop  experimentally,  and  within  the  past 


Two  jwunds  of  seed  will  sow  an  acre  in  this  way.    Ill  two  or  thr>e  years  have  become  so  satisfied  of  its 
sown  broadcast  four  pounds  <>{  seed  will  be  needed, 
Turnifjo  may  be  sown  in  .August  and  September. 


Soy  beans  and  cow  jjeas  intended  for  hay  should 
bo  cut  when  in  bloom  or  when  the  first  pods  are 
formed,  and  shoTild  be  raked  into  windrow  after  they 
have  wilted  and  partially  dried  and  be  allowed  to 
cure  in  these  rows  for  a  day  and  then  be  put  into 
cock  to  complete  the  curing.  In  this  way  the  leaves, 
which  are  the  richest  part  of  the  plant  in  food  value, 
will  be  saved  and  bright,  green  hay  will  be  made. 


ofitableness  that  they  are  noM'  growing  it  largely 
j\i-  market.  One  of  these  gentlemen,  Mr.  W.  L. 
EiNstcr,  who  has  four  hundred  acres  planted,  says: 
"'ItNeems  to  me  that  this  queen  of  all  hay  and  forage 
planti  is  too  little  understood,  otherwise  there  would 
not  bo  1,  ton  of  hay  shipped  into  Loiiisiana.  On  the 
I'ontrarX  there  would  be  thousands  of  tons  shipped 
out  of  th\,State  at  a  better  profit  than  is  made  on  cot- 
ton, even  it  present  high  prices.  I  am  not  chemist 
nv  botanist  -nough  to  say  on  what  lands  in  the  State 
it  will  grow  profitably,  but  believe  that  with  proper 


-After  standing'in  cock  a  few  days  open  out  after  the   expenditure  of  \ime  in  preparation,  manuring  and 

dew  is  off  and  sun  for  an  hour  or  two  and  haul  to 

the  barn  and  pack  down  tight.     If  free  from  rain, 

water  or  dew  the  hay  will  keep  perfectly,  even  though 

still  having  considerable  natural  moisture  in  it.     It 

will  heat  considerably,  but  this  will  not  in.iure  it  if 

not  disturbed  until  cool  again.     Sorghum  for  hay 

should  be  cured  in  the  same  Way.     Cut  before  the 

I)!ant  blooms  and  seed  forms. 


Millet  of  the  different  varieties — German,  Hun- 
garian and  Cat-tail — may  yet  be  sown  for  hay  and 
will  be  ready  for  cutting  in  from  sixty  to  seventy-five 
days.  Earlier-sovsTi  croi)s  should  be  cut  and  made 
into  hay  as  tliey  come  into  bloom  and  before  the  seed 
forms.  We  <!onsider  German  millet  the  best  variety 
to  grow  for  a  hay  crop.  Sow  a  bushel  of  seed  to  the 
acre  on  finely  prepared  land  and  roll  after  sowing. 


When  threshing  the  wheat  and  oat  crops  see  that 
the  straw  and  chaff  are  carefully  saved,  and  have 
tlie  straw  put  up  into  stacks  of  a  convenient  size  for 
being  put  into  the  barn — a  stack  at  a  time — when 
needed.  With  good,  sweet  straw,  roots  and  cow  peas 
or  soy-bean  hay,  young  cattle  can  be  kept  growing 
and  improving  all  Avinter,  and  will  make  a  large  heap 
of  manure  for  the  improvement  of  the  land. 


nursing  it  can  be  made  to  grow  any  where  in  the 
State.  I  have  seen  it  growing  luxuriously  on  the  poor 
and  worn  hill  laad  of  the  Experiment  Station  in 
North  Louisiana, -but  much  time  and  expense  was 
re(]uired.  On  the  ri^er  lands  between  Baton  Rouge 
and  New  Orleans  it  seems  to  thrive  well,  and  on  the 
l\cd  river  it  seems  to  H?  perfectly  at  home.  I  may 
say  that  I  use  it  as  a  profit  crop  on  our  low,  stiff,  red 
lands  that  will  not  produce  profitably  any  other 
cro]i.  Its  value  as  a  feed  for  horses,  mules,  cows 
and  hogs  is  unequalled  by  any  other  food.  Hogs  will 
make  splendid  growth  on  it  and  fatten  readily  with- 
out -any  other  feed,  and  that,  too,  with  twenty  or 
twenty-five  to  the  acre,  where  it  grows  well.  Again, 
it  is  ii  fine  fertilizer  crop.  Your  land  is  improving 
each  year  it  grows  on  it,  and  when  you  wisli  to  get 
rid  of  it  (which  will  be  nrA'cr  unless  you  want  to 
plant  it  somewhere  else)  it  is  as  easily  killed  as  oats 
or  corn.  *  *  '^  T  am  free  to  say  that  if  alfalfa 
hay  is  worth  as  many  dollars  per  ton  as  cotton  is 
worth  cents  per  pound,  I  would  prefer  to  raise  the 
alfalfa.  On  our  soils,  with  ordinary  seasons  for 
growing  and  harvesting,  we  get  three  to  five  cuttings, 
averaging  from  one  half  to  a  ton  of  cured  hay  per 
cutting,  and  bringing  in  our  market  at  Shreveport 
from  $8  to  $15  per  ton.    The  cost  of  handling  varies, 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


433 


of  course,  with  the  seasons.  It  costs  just  as  much  to 
cut  and  rake  one  half  ton  per  acre  as  it  does  to  cut 
and  rake  a  tone  per  acre.  From  my  experience,  and 
ray  alfalfa  account,  it  costs  an  average  of  $1.25  to 
$2.00  per  ton  to  put  in  shape  for  the  market.  An 
intelligent  negro  near  our  plantation,  who  works 
twenty  mules  raising  cotton,  told  me  he  had  sold  $500 
worth  of  surplus  hay  per  year  off  twenty  acres.  For 
the  last  two  years  off  sixty  acres  he  has  sold  enough 
to  very  nearly  make  his  cotton  crof  clear.  I  think 
a  very  conservative  estimate  would  be  $15  to  $30  per 
acre  net  per  year,  not  coimting  the  pasturage  in  fall, 
wintev  and  spring.  My  advice  to  every  one  who 
works  land  would  he  to  plant  a  small  patch  of 
alfalfa  for  trial.  If  he  succeeded  with  it  he  M?ould 
have  the  most  valuable  crop  that  grows ;  if  he  failed 
it  would  be  the  most  laudable  failure  he  ever  made. 
In  1900  my  overseer  made  with  wage  hands  253  bales 
of  cotton  costing  in  money  outlay  $4,500  and  bring- 
ing on  the  market  $10,575.  In  1901  the  same  man 
with  the  same  labor,  on  poorer  lan^l,  harvested  1,100 
tons  of  alfalfa,  selling  in  car-load  lots  for  $15  per 
ton,  or  a  total  valuation  of  $16,500,  with  a  money 
outlay  for  labor  and  machinery  repairs  of  $1,500. 
In  one  case  it  reqiiired  about  45  per  cent,  of  the  gross 
value  of  the  cotton  to  get  it  ready  for  the  market ;  in 
the  other  it  required  only  10  per  cent,  of  the  gross 
value  of  the  alfalfa  to  put  it  on  the  market." 

With  such  testimony  as  this  from  a  southern 
grower  in  favor  of  the  crop  there  should  be  no  hesi- 
tancy on  the  part  of  all  southern  farmers  in  making 
an  effort  to  secure  a  stand  of  alfalfa.  In  our  article 
last  month  we  pointed  out  the  importance  of  getting 
rid  of  weeds  before  attempting  to  grow  the  crop  and 
also  the  necessity  for  lime  to  render  the  land  slightly 
alkaline  before  seediinj>.  Like  all  the  clovers,  alfalfa 
cannot  grow  in  acid  soil,  nor  can  the  microbes,  which 
are  so  essential  to  the  luxuriant  growth  of  the  crop, 
flourish  and  multiply  in  acid  soil.  Without  these 
present  the  crop  cannot  obtain  the  nitrogen  which  it 
needs  from  the  atmosphere,  nor  can  the  land  be  im- 
proved by  its  growth.  Wherever  these  microbes  are 
absent  in  the  soil  the  success  of  the  crop  cannot  be 
assured.  It  is,  therefore,  of  great  importance  that  the 
best  means  of  securing  them  should  be  considered. 
In  Illinois,  where  the  growth  of  alfaKa  is  being  en- 
couraged, it  was  found  that  even  in  the  rich  prairie 
soils  there  was  not  a  sufficient  supply  of  nitrogen 
for  the  crop  to  make  a  luxuriant  growth,  and  as  the 
soil  was  not  infected  with  the  bacteria  necessary  to 
enable  the  crop  to  get  its  nitrogen  from  the  atmos- 
phere, the  yield  was  not  satisfactory.     Dr.  Hopkins, 


of  the  Illinois  Experiment  Station,  set  about  to  con- 
serve the  soil  nitrogen  and  obtain  the  required 
quantity  of  that  element  from  the  air.  He  accom- 
plished this  by  obtaining  from  Kansas  bags  of  soil 
taken  from  fields  of  alfalfa  in  which  the  bacteria 
were  known  to  be  present,  and  this  soil  he  sowed  on 
plots  of  alfalfa  at  the  Experiment  Station.  Adjoin- 
ing plots  were  iminoculated.  In  the  fall  of  the  same 
year  a  marked  difference,  which  is  still  very  pro- 
nounced, was  noted. in  the  growth  of  the  alfalfa  ota 
the  infected  plots  and  untreated  plois,  the  plants  on 
the  former  being  vastly  more  vigorous  and  luxuriant 
than  those  on  the  latter.  Results  quite  as  conclusive 
as  showing  the  effectiveness  of  inociilation  have  oeen 
secured  by  Illinois  farmers  from  the  Wisconsin  line 
to  Cairo.  Wherever  infected  soil  is  used  rapid  and 
abundant  growth  is  induced.  Examination  showed 
that  tubercles  were  plentiful  on  the  roots  of  the  plants 
in  the  inoculated  soil,  and  this  proved  Dr.  Hopkins's 
theory  of  soil  inoculation.  Plants  in  the  uninocu- 
lated  plots  drew  their  nitrogen  from  the  soil  which, 
although  very  fertile,  contained  an  inadequate  supply 
to  enable  the  plants  to  grow  apace  with  their  neigh- 
bors that  derived  nitrogen  from  the  atmosphere.  He 
asserts  that  "No  crop  grown  in  Illinois  requires  such 
large  quantities  of  nitrogen  as  alfalfa."  Large 
quantities  of  manure  or  commercial  fertilizer  con- 
taining nitrogen  might  have  been  applied  to  the  un- 
inoculated  plots,  but  even  this  course,  it  is  now 
known,  could  not  have  produced  the  enormous  growth 
of  alfalfa  which  was  obtained  on  the  infected  plots. 

Dv.  Hopkins  recommends  the  iise  of  about  100 
pounds  of  the  infected  soil  pej*  acre.  It  may  he 
sown  when  the  alfalfa  is  soAvn  or  after  any  emitting 
of  the  crop  the  first  season.  The  Illinois  Experiment 
Station  now  supplies  the  farmers  of  that  State  with 
bags  of  infected  soil  at  the  cost  of  50  cents  per  100- 
pound  bag,  and  wherever  this  infected  soil  has  been 
apjjlied,  and  the  conditions  of  soil  and  preparation 
for  the  crop  have  been  good,  there  alfalfa  has  grown 
most  successfully. 

Mr.  Ralph  Allen,  of  Tazewell  county,  111.,  writing 
on  this  subject  in  the  Breeders'  Gazette,  says: 

T  seeded  a  field  of  four  acres  last  year  and  met  with 
both  marked  success  and  complete  faihire — success  in 
that  portion  of  the  field  where  the  soil  _was  inocu- 
lated and  failure  where  there  was  no  inoculation. 
]\ry  field  was  thoroughly  prepared  and  a  very  even 
stand  obtained.  At  the  time  of  seeding  I  sowed  about 
one  acre  across  the  field  with  soil  infected  with  alfalfa 
bacteria,  or,  in  other  words,,  with  soil  in  which 
alfalfa  had  grown  successfully  Avith  its  root  tubercles 
in  abundance.     I  applied  about  100  poimds  of  this 


434 


THE  SOUTHERN^  PLANTER. 


[July 


soil  to  the  acre.  The  whole  field  grew  well  during  the 
summer,  and  root  tubercles  were  Wftd  in  abundance 
six  weeks  after  seeding  on  a  small  part  of  the  infected 
acre  where  the  infection  had  been  very  heavily  ap- 
plied. As  the  seasim  advanced  the  infected  acre  be- 
gan to  show  more  thrift,  and  at  the  end  of  the  season 
was  noticeably  larger  than  the  uninfected  parts.  This 
spring  the  field  presented  on  May  10th  a  most  con- 
vincing proof  of  the  absolute  necessity  of  soil  inocu- 
lation. The  growth  of  the  alfalfa  on  the  infected 
acre  had  exceeded  our  most  sanguine  expectations. 
It  is  of  a  dark-green  color  and  making  an  enormous 
growth.  The  drainage  has  carried  the  infection  in 
streaks  and  spots  to  the  lower  parts  of  the  field,  all  of 
which  show  the  same  luxuriance.  The  division  line 
separatinc  a  narrow  strip  of  uninfected  land  on  the 
upper  side  of  the  field  toward  which  there  has  1)een 
no  drainage  is  as  distinctly  marked  as  the  boundary 
of  a  field.  On  fhose  portions  of  the  field  where  there 
has  been  no  inoculation  the  alfalfa  is  of  a  pale-yellow 
color  and  very  much  of  it  is  so  feeble  and  stunted 
that  it  will  soon  die  out  unless  assisted.  T  have  pro 
cured  more  soil  with  which  to  inoculate  these  remain 
ing  parts  of  the  field. 

I  would  urge  those  who  attempt  to  grow  alfalfa  to 
go  at  it  in  the  right  sure  way — do  not  take  chances. 
Where  one  man  will  succeed  without  systematic  inoc- 
ulation a  score  of  men  will  fail.  To  depend  on  the 
infection  which  is  in  the  seed  is  too  hazardous  and  too 
expensive,  and  usually  entails  the  loss  of  the  first 
seeding  with  the  consequent  loss  of  the  use  of  the 
land  and  labor  for  the  year. 

Infected  soil  can  be  procured  for  50  cents  per  100 
pounds  and  the  freight  added.  This  is  enough  for 
an  acre.  I  procured  both  lots  of  soil  that  I  used 
from  the  Illinois  Experiment  Station.  It  may  be 
procured  from  well-established  alfalfa  fields  where 
there  is  an  abundance  of  root  tubercles.  There  is 
no  great  mountain  in  the  path;  just  get  the  infected 
soil  and  sow  it  broadcast,  by  hand,  if  you  like,  one 
handful  at  a  throw.  Sow  at  the  time  of  seeding  and 
harrow  it  in :  the  little  fellows  in  the  dirt  will  do 
the  rest." 

There  are  already  several  places  in  this  and  ad- 
joining States  where  alfalfa  is  growing  successfully, 
and  no  doubt  the  owners  of  these  farms  will  gladly 
supply.small  quantities  of  infected  soil  to  their  neigh- 
bors. It  would  be  of  great  service  to  the  South- 
ern States  if  the  Experiment  stations  and  the  Test 
farms,  in  connection  with  the  State  Boards  of  Agri- 
culture, would  follow  the  example  of  the  Illinois 
Experiment  Station  and  supply  bacteria-infected  soil 
to  farmers  at  a  nominal  cost.  We  commend  this  sub- 
ject to  the  attention  of  the  directors  of  the  stations 
and  the  Presidents  of  the  State  Boards  of  Agricul 


ture.  It  is  of  snch  vital  importance  to  the  prosperity 
of  the  South  that  successful  stands  of  alfalfa  be 
secured  that  no  efi'orts  should  lielacking  to  attain 
this  end.  Whilst  it  is  true  that  a  successful  stand 
niav  sometimes  be  obtained  without  the  use  of  bac- 
teria-infected soil,  yet  the  chances  are  against  it  be- 
ing more  than  a  weak  stand  for  a  few  years,  at  least, 
as  the  bacteria  carried  with  the  seed  is  so  small  in 
quantity  that  it  takes  a  long  time  to  infect  a  whole 
field.  We  would  suggest  that  farmers  who  have  se- 
cured a  irood  stand  of  alfalfa  should  make  the  fact 
knouTi  ihroughour  columns  and  offer  to  supply  small 
quantities  of  soil  for  a  nominal  cost.  We  will  gladly 
make  the  announcement  free  of  charge.  With  alfalfa 
secured  as  a  staple  crop  of  the  South  there  is  scarcely 
a  limit  to  be  placed  on  the  quantity  of  live  stock 
which  we  can  raise  and  feed  profitably,  whilst  as  a 
sale  crop  it  will,  no  doubt,  quickly  find  a  good  market 


^ILO  BUILDING. 

In  our  last  issue,  when  writing  on  the  planting  of 
crops  for  ensilage,  we  promised  to  say  something  in 
this  issue  on  the  building  of  a  silo.  Whilst  there  are 
not  yet  one-tenth  of  the  silos  in  the  South  which  we 
hope  to  see  built,  yet  there  is  a  healthy  tone  of  in- 
quiry about  these  adiimcts  to  the  storage  capacity  of 
the  farm  which  is  very  cheering  to  those  of  lis  who 
remember  the  time  when  no  silo  could  be  found  in  this 
State.  Every  year  we  receive  more  inquiries  as  to 
the  feasibility  of  building  a  silo  and  feeding  en- 
silage, and  we  have  never  yet  met  with  the  man  who 
has  once  used  a  silo  and  fed  ensilage  who  has  dis- 
carded the  practice  and  gone  back  to  dry  forage  stored 
in  a  barn  or  stack.  The  silo,  in  a  word,  is  the  cheap- 
est barn  which  a  man  can  build,  and  ensilage  is  the 
nearest  approae'h  to  food  in  its  natural  fresh,  succu- 
lent state  which  can  be  fed  to  stock.  It  is  also  the 
only  barn  in  which  a  crop  can  be  stored,  either  wet 
or  dry,  and  come  out  good  feed.  These  being  facts, 
the  wonder  is  that  more  of  our  farmers  do  not  avail 
themselves  of  such  desirable  aids  to  profitable  farm- 
ing. Too  often  the  explanation  of  the  neglect  to  do 
so  arises  from  ig-norance,  and  yet  thousands  of  pages 
of  instruction  on  the  matter  have  been  penned  and 
published.  The  idea  that  a  silo  is  a  complicated  and 
costly  structure  and  the  making  of  ensilage  a  scien- 
tific work  has  hitherto  largely  prevailed,  and  this 
lias  sufficed  to  prevent  consideration  of  the  subject. 
The  truth  is,  that  a  silo  is  nothing  more  than  an  air- 
tight tnb  which  any  common  carpenter  who  knows 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


435 


how  to  build  a  frame  building  can  erect  almost  as  well 
as  a  scientific  builder,  and  that  ensilage  can  be  made 
in  this  tub  by  any  common  laborer  who  knows  how 
to  cut  up  the  corn  or  any  other  forage  crop  into  short 
lengths  and  pack  it  tightly  in  the  tub.  Whilst  saying 
this  we  do  not  mean  to  say  that  the  best  silo  can  be 
built  by  such  a  man  as  we  have  described,  because 
this  would  be  to  disparage  the  vahie  of  scientific 
knowledge  unduly;  nor  would  the  common  laborer 
who  knows  nothing  of  the  laws  governing  the  fer- 
mentation of  green  or  succulent  feed  make  as  good 
and  perfect  silage  as  the  scientist  who  had  given 
study  to  the  subject.  The  difference  between  having 
the  silo  built  by  a  good  builder  having  a  knowledge 
of  the  principles  governing  the  requirements  of  a 
practically  air-tight  chamber  to  be  subjected  to  a 
considerable  strain,  is  that  in  the  one  case  you  would 
get  a  building  which  would  be  likely  to  last  much 
longer  and  save  much  feed  in  the  process  of  curing, 
whilst  in  the  other  case  you  would  probably  find  it 
necessary  to  rebuild  in  a  few  years,  and  in  the  mean- 
time lose  each  year  the  food  which  would  feed  seve- 
ral cows  for  a  week  or  two.  The  inexperienced 
laborer  would  probably  waste  a  still  larger  portion 
of  the  crop  from  inattention  to  careful  packing,  but 
even  under  the  conditions  of  an  inexperienced  builder 
and  a  common  laborer,  much  less  of  the  feed  grown 
would,  in  all  probability,  be  wasted  than  is  wasted 
now  every  year  by  carelessly  leaving  the  feed  out  of 
doors  or  storing  it  in  a  leaky  shed  or  barn.  The  great 
advantage  which  a  silo  gives  to  a  farmer  is  that  U 
enables  him  to  store  in  a  small  space  the  produce  of  a 
large  area  and  that  it  keeps  the  food  so  stored  in  that 
succulent  condition  which  is  most  conducive  to  a 
profitable  consumption  by  stock.  It  does  not  add  to 
the  feeding  value  of  the  crop  converted  into  ensilage, 
except  in  so  far  as  the  partial  cooking  which  it  under- 
goes makes  it  probably  more  palatable  and  easier  of 
digestion  and  makes  less  waste,  in  that  the  hard  parts 
of  the  stalks  are  softened  and  so  more  readily  eaten. 
Another  great  advantage  which  a  silo  possesses  is  that 
it  enables,  nay,  requires,  that  the  crop  which  is 
siloed  shall  be  cut  when  in  full  growth  and  at  a  time 
when  its  feeding  properties  are  at  the  best  and  that 
it  preserves  these  in  that  condition  and  places  the 
food  in  a  shape  ready  for  immediate  consumption 
by  the  stock,  so  that  whatever  may  be  the  weather 
conditions  during  the  winter,  a  ration  of  good,  succu- 
lent feed  is  ready  at  all  times  for  the  stock  and  capa- 
ble of  being  fed  to  them  with  little  trouble  and  ex- 
pense. The  first  point  to  be  considered  and  decided 
upon  is  tlie  size  of  silo  required  to  meet  the  needs 


of  the  stock  kept.  To  arrive  at  this  it  will  be  safe 
to  estimate  the  consumption  of  silage  per  day  per 
head  of  cattle  at  forty  pounds.  Multiply  this  by  the 
number  of  cattle  to  be  fed  and  then  by  the  number  of 
days  for  which  feed  is  to  be  provided,  and  you  have 
the  number  of  pounds  for  which  stoiage  is  required. 
Forty  pounds  may  be  taken  as  the  weight  of  an 
average  cubic  foot  of  silage,  so  that  practically  each 
head  of  cattle  will  consume  a  cubic  foot  of  silage  per 
day.  In  estimating  the  size  of  silo  required  there 
must  be  provided  not  only  space  for  this  quantity  of 
silage  when  settled,  but  also  space  for  the  packing 
of  sufficient  feed  to  make  this  quantity  of  settled 
silage.  To  provide  for  this,  add  one-fourth  to  the 
number  of  cubic  feet  of  settled  silage  called  for. 
Whilst  it  is  true  that  silage  does  not  usually  settle 
one-fourth  of  its  original  bulk,  yet  much  depends 
as  to  this  on  the  size,  and  particularly  the  depth  of 
the  silo,  and  this  is  a  safe  allowance  to  be  made. 
The  silo  to  hold  this  quantity  of  silage  so  ascertained, 
may  be  either  round,  square,  oblong  or  octagonal,  but 
we  advise  the  building  of  a  round  silo,  as  the  best 
silage  is  usually  made  in  a  round  building,  as  the 
settling  is  usually  more  perfect  and  regular,  there 
being  no  corners  to  hold  the  food,  and  there  is  usually 
less  waste  in  a  round  one,  as  there  are  no  comers 
where  the  food  can  lie  loosely  and  thus  spoil.  The 
most  essential  point  in  building  the  silo  is  to  get  the 
greatest  depth  with  the  capacity  required.  The  less 
the  surface  exposed  to  the  air  when  the  silo  is  opened 
for  feeding  the  less  the  waste.  '  The  greater  the  depth 
the  better  will  the  silage  be  compressed  and  the  bet- 
ter the  quality  of  the  feed.  For  guidance  in  selecting 
the  size  of  building  to  be  put  up,  we  append  a  table 
giving  the  capacity  of  round  silos  of  different  sizes. 

If  it  is  decided  to  put  up  a  silo  of  the  best  con- 
struction the  plans  and  specifications  adoptjed  in 
building  the  two  silos  at  the  Virginia  Experiment 
Station  may  be  safely  followed.  These  are  two  of  the 
best  silos  we  ever  saw,  and  if  kept  painted  inside  with 
pitch  and  outside  with  paint,  should  last  a  lifetime. 
They  are  each  twenty-four  feet  in  diameter  and 
twenty-four  feet  deep  from  sill  to  plate,  and  will  hold 
about  200  tons  each.  The  following  were  the  build- 
er's specifications  for  building  these  silos : 

Sills. — Sills  to  be  made  of  two  thicknesses,  2  inches 
by  6  inches  stuff  cut  to  required  circle  in  about  3- 
foot  lengths.  Lap  and  spike  all  joinings  and  bed  in 
cement. 

Plates. — Plates  to  be  made  of  single  2-inch  by  6- 
inch  stuff,  cut  to  required  circle,  halved,  lapped  and 
joined  only  on  top  of  a  stud  and  nailed  down  tight. 


436 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLAXTER. 


[July 


Studs- — Studs  to  be  2  inches  by  4  inches  by  24 
feet  long,  well  toe-nailed  to  plate  and  spaced  llf 
inches  on  centers.  Take  care  to  have  all  studs  true 
and  straight.  Eafters  to  be  2  inches  by  6  inches,  and 
arranged  as  sho-\\ni  on  drawing.  Notch  down  2 
inches  on  plate  and  spike  well  at  all  points. 

Roof  Sheatiiifi. — Roof  to  be  sheated  with  1-inch 
by  2-ineh  boards,  bent  to  circle,  and  the  boards  laid 
5  inches  from  center  to  center. 

Siding. — Outside  walls  to  be  covered  witli  a  course 
of  f  th  by  5^-inch  ship  lap  siding,  bent  to  cii'cle  and 
nailed  with  two  ten-penny  wire  nails  at  each  stud. 
Inside  stiids  to  be  lined,  first,  with  dry  fx4  inch 
jointed  boards  of  even  thickness.  Xail  at  each  stud 
with  two  eight  penny  nails.  Over  this  lay  a  course 
of  one-ply  tar  paper.  Then  lay  a  course  of  dry 
tongued  and  groved  ceiling  ^*  inches  thick  and  4 
inches  face  dra^vn  down  tight  by  blind  nailing 
with  eight  penny  nails  at  each  stud,  and  face  nail 
with  two  penny  nails  at  each  stud. 

Dormer. — Construct  a  dormer  window  in  each 
roof.  Frame  stoutly  to  rafters,  and  provide  a  stout 
glazed  sash  and  frame,  frame  to  be  made  of  1-inch 
boards  with  half  inch  stop;  3-inch  oak  sill,  lx-|  inch 
outside  casing  and  1x4  inch  inside  casing,  window  to 
be  3x4  feet  glazed,  with  12  lights,  single 'thick  glass. 
Hang  on  4  inch  butt  hinges  and  provide  hasp,  staple 
and  padlock  on  outside. 

Doors. — Thei-e  shall  be  placed  three  2x4  feet  doors 
in  each  silo,  each  to  l)e  on  the  same  vertical  line  and 
each  opening  into  chute.  These  doors  are  to  be  made 
by  cutting  out  the  inside  lining.  Before  cutting 
out  put  on  two  battens  to  each  door,  two  6  inch  strap 
hinges  to  each  door.  After  this  is  done  the  door  may 
be  cut  out  and  will  fit  snugly.  Place  a  door  stop  all 
round,  thereby  forming  a  rebate  for  the  door  to  fit 
in.  Open  doors  into  silo  or  chute,  as  directed  by 
superintendent  and  provide  hasp  and  staple  for  each 
door. 

Ventilator. — Place  a  ventilator  in  roof,  as  shown 
in  drawing,  lower  slats  to  be  half  inch  by  6  inches, 
turned  on  angle  of  45",  and  spaced  3-inch  centers 
and  wire  gauzed  on  back  to  prevent  entrance  of  birds. 

Ventilation. — Walls  to  be  ventilated  as  follows: 
Siding  on  outside  is  to  run  up  and  fit  close  to  roof 
sheating;  siding  at  top  and  bottom  to  be  bored  with 
1-inch  holes  in  a  double  row,  the  holes  being  spaced 
about  3  inches  apart  horizontally ;  cover  with  bands 
of  wire  gauze  to  keep  out  mice. 

Gutter  and  Cornice. — Cornice  will  consist  simply 
of  rafter  ends  and  sheathing. 

A  silo  built  on  the  lines  of  the  foregoing  specifi- 


cation will  makp,  as  fine  and  durable  a  building  as 
any  one  need  wish  to  have.  For  those  who  are  not  in 
a  position  to  spend  the  money  which  such  a  silo  will 
cost,  and  yet  desire  to  have  silage  for  their  stock,  we 
now  give  particulars  of  a  stave  silo,  which  is  the 
cheapest  form  of  such  a  building,  and  whilst  not 
adapted  for  a  cold  northern  climate,  meets  all  the  re- 
quirements of  this  southern  country  as  a  perfect 
preserver  of  the  feed.  We  take  the  particulars  from 
a  description  given  by  Professor  ISTourse,  of  the  Ex- 
periment Station,  Elacksburg,  Va.,  of  such  a  silo 
built  at  'Blacksl)urg  before  the  completion  of  the 
silos  of  which  we  have  given  the  specifications.  He 
says :  "We  obtained  some  green  oak  lumber  (the  only 
kind  we  could  get  at  short  notice).  Ifi  feet  long  6 
inches  wide  and  2  inches  thick.  The  edges  were 
dressed  by  hand.  Round  iron  bands,  five  in  number, 
large  enough  to  encircle  the  silo,  and  with  threads  on 
end,  were  bought  and  held  in  readiness  for  the  plank. 
The  silo,  erected  by  contract,  was  placed  in  position 
as  follows:  The  circle,  16  feet  in  diameter,  was 
marked  on  the  ground  and  short  pieces  of  plank  laid 
in  such  position  as  to  cover  the  mark.  Four  of  the 
long  planks  were  then  set  on  end  on  the  circle  and  as 
far  apart  as  possible.  These  were  held  in  an  upright 
position  by  braces  in  various  directions.  Two  of  the 
bands  (made  of  |-inch  iron)  before  mentioned  were 
bent  as  nearly  in  a  circle  as  possible  and  one  placed 
about  one  foot  from  the  bottom  of  the  planks  in  the 
upright  position  and  held  there  by  driving  under  the 
band  in  each  plank  a  twelve-penny  nail,  bending  it 
up  and  over  the  band.  The  ends  of  the  iron  band 
with  the  threads  on  them  were  run  through  blocks 
of  cast-iron  with  two  holes  through  them  about  two 
inches  apart,  and  a  nut  was  then  placed  on  each  end 
of  the  band,  thus  giving  a  method  for  tightening  the 
planks  when  all  were  in  position.  A  second  band 
of  iron  was  put  about  one  foot  from  the  top,  and  when 
several  horses  had  been  made  high  enough  for  a 
man  standing  on  them  to  reach  the  top  of  the  silo, 
then  we  were  ready  to  set  up  the  rest  of  the  plank. 
These  were  put  in  until  the  space  was  all  full,  each 
time  one  was  put  in  a  nail  being  driven  part  way 
into  the  plank  and  bent  over  the  band.  The  bands 
wore  then  tightened  somewhat  and  three  more  bands 
were  so  placed  as  to  make  the  bands  not  quite  four 
feet  apart.  By  turning  up  the  nuts  on  all  the  bands 
the  silo  was  soon  tight  enough  for  the  crop  to  be 
placed  in.  It  will  be  noticed  nothing  is  said  about 
a  roof.  Xone  was  made.  The  silage  was  left  open  to 
the  weather.  The  only  result  of  this  was  a  slight 
drying  of  the  surface — not  enough  to  injure  it."  Pro- 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


437 


fessor  TSTonrse  recommends  tlie  following  changes 
in  erecting  a  similard  silo  as  a  result  of  the  experience 
gained  in  the  use  of  the  first  one :  The  lumber  used 
■was  green  oak.  On  account  of  its  customary  warping 
we  would  not  use  it  again  if  other  lumber  were  ob- 
tainable. We  have  taken  out  some  of  the  planks  and 
put  in  poplar.  There  was  little  loss  in  this,  as  the 
ones  taken  out  were  perfectly  sound  and  fit  for  other 
purposes.  Concerning  the  iron  bands,  we  followed 
suggestions  of  parties  who  had  erected  similar  silos. 
I  would  now  do  as  follows:  Procure  (as  can  be 
usnallv  done)  partially  worn  tire  iron  from  heavy 
wagons.  Get  a  smith  to  rivet,  not  weld,  these  to- 
gether so  that  two  bands  will  go  around  the  silo. 
Kivet  to  the  ends  of  these  bands  short  pieces  of  iron 
<ine-half  inch  thick  by  2  inches  wide.  Bend  v.p  3 
inches  of  this  thick  iron  and  punch  two  three-quarter- 
inch  holes  in  the  turned  up  portion,  for  each  band 
jn-oeure  two  bolts  a  foot  long  and  three-quarters  of  an 
inch  in  diameter.  Have  threads  c\it  on  bolts  nearly 
the  entire  length  and  place  these  bolts  thro\igh  the 
holes  in  upturned  ends ;  put  on  nuts  and  tighten  the 
silo.  These  are  stronger,  cheaper  and  easier  to  Avork 
than  the  round  bands.  In  the  spring  of  1897  we 
erected  a  silo  twelve  feet  high  by  ten  feet  in  diameter, 
using  poplar  plank  and  tire  bands.  It  was  filled  with 
oats  cut  just  before  they  were  beginning  to  turn. 
The  result  was  perfect ;  crop  kept  good  to  the  very 
side  and  in  as  fine  condition  as  coi;ld  be  possible  in 
an.y  silo.  To  take  the  silage  from  a  structure  of  this 
kind  it  is  necessary  to  cut  apertures  at  intervals.  In 
OTir  16-foot  one  we  have  two  places  and  in  the  12- 
foot  one  only  one  from  which  we  take  the  product. 
In  refilling  we  take  out  the  cut  planks  and  insert 
whole  ones  again. 

The  cost  of  the  IG-foot  silo  was  as  follows: 

10+  planks,    16  feet  long,  2x6  inches $16  64 

Five  iron  bands  at  $2  each 10  00 

Contract  price  for  erecting 10  00 

Xails,  about 30 


$36  94 
The  cost  of  the  smaller  silo  was  as  follows: 

Plank,  valued  at  $10  per  thousand $  6  30 

Contract  for  erecting 5  00 

Pour  iron  bands  at  $1.20  each 4  80 

Xails,  about 20 


$16  30 

The  edges  of  the  plank  in  the  smaller  silo  were 

not  dressed,   as  we  foimd   it  entirely  unnecessary. 

Any  person  can  erect  a  silo  'if  this  sort,  and  if  a 


No.  Cows. 

Consumption 

of  SUage. 

Tons. 

6 

20 

9 

30 

13 

45 

21 

74 

25 

90 

■Average  Acres 
Corn  Needed. 

1 

to 

2 

2 

to 

3 

3 

to 

4 

5 

to 

6 

6 

to 

7 

farmer  has  the  lumber  on  his  farm  the  actual  cash 
outlay  would  be  reduced  to  the  cost  of  the  iron  bands 
and  nails. 

ESTIliATES     FOR     SILOS. 

Estimated  size  of  silo  needed,  and  number  of  acres 
required  l^r  a  given  number  of  cows,  for  a  feeding 
season  of  1  SO  days : 

.n  ^ize  of 

Silio  Needeil. 
Diam.  Ht 
9x20 

10x22 
1 1x25 

13x29 

14x30 

We  have  now  put  before  <>\\v  readers  the  informa- 
tion needed  to  enable  them  to  provide  either  a  costly 
or  a  cheap  silo.  Given  either  the  one  or  the  other, 
there  is  needed  the  machinery  to  fill  it.  This  means 
a  cutting  or  shredding  machine,  with  an  elevator  and 
]iower  to  drive  these.  Where\er  more  than  two  or 
three  cows  and  the  like  number  of  horses  or  mules 
are  kept,  a  cutting  or  shredding  machine — and  we 
prefer  a  shredder,  as  making  a  more  palatable  and 
lietter  consumed  food — ought  to  be  a  jiart  of  the 
permanent  outfit  of  the  farm,  with  either  horse  or 
engine  power  to  drive  it.  The  best  power,  in  our 
opinion,  for  a  farm  is  a  gasoline  engine.  It  is  less 
liable  to  cause  tire  than  a  steam  engine  and  does  not 
require  the  special  attention  of  an  engineer  to  run  it. 
't  js  alsT  c-'f^Po-'-'ical  i  i  wurking  cost,  and  is  ready  to 
run  at  any  moment  if  supplied  with  oil.  Where 
such  an  engine  or  other  power  and  cutter  and  shredder 
is  part  of  the  outfit  of  the  farm  it  can  be  used  to  fill 
the  silo,  which  should  be  so  placed  as  that  this  can  be 
utilized.  An  elevator  is  needed  to  carry  the  cut  corn 
or  other  crop  to  the  top  of  the  silo.  The  old  style  of 
elevator — an  endless  band — is  hoAV  almost  superseded 
by  the  "blower,"  which  is  much  more  effective  and 
Avorks  v/ithout  hitch,  Avhich  could  not  be  said  of  the 
endless  band  elevator.  In  many  sections  these  outfits 
for  filling  silos  are  noAv  carried  round  the  country 
from  farm  to  farm  like  separators.  Where  this  is 
the  case  they  caii  usually  be  used  Avith  economy  in 
doing  the  work.  It  would,  in  many  sections,  be 
Avise  economy  on  the  part  of  a  number  of  neighboring 
farmers  to  combine  together  and  buy  an  engine,  coi-n 
husker,  shredder  and  blower.  'We  Avould  urge  that 
the  question  of  building  a  silo  be  at  once  given  con- 
sideration. If  it  is  to  be  added  to  the  farm — and  if 
once  added  it  will  never  again  lie  dispensed  Avith — 
noAv  is  the  time  to  build  it  so  that  it  may  be  ready  to 
be  filled  in  .\ugust  and  Septendier  and  the  silage  b© 


438 


THE  SOUTHEKX  PLANTER. 


[July 


ready  for  feeding  November  or  December.  A  silo 
meaii.«  the  saving  and  economical  feeding  of  all  the 
roughage  of  the  farm  and  the  carrying  of  twice  as 
great  a  head  of  stock  as  is  possible  without  it. 


JOHNSON  GRASS  IN  NORTHERN  VIRGINIA. 

Editor  Soulhern  Planter: 

I  see  several  readers  of  the  Southern  Planter  want 
to  know  how  Johnson  grass  does  north  of  Richmond. 
I  will  tell  them  my  experience  with  it  in  Hanover 
county,  on  the  Pamunkey  river.  Some  ten  years 
hiick  I  cultivated  some  corn  in  a  field  that  had  three 
or  four  patches  of  Johnson  grass  in  it  of  from  a 
quarter  to  one  acre  in  each.  It  is  very  hard  to  work 
any  kind  of  crop  where  this  grass  is  growing.  As  to 
its  spreading.  The  patches  are  now  two  or  three 
times  as  large  as  they  were  then,  although  the  land 
lias  be€n  cultivated  every  year  by  a  good  farmer. 
Cultivation  won't  kill  it,  but  just  makes  it  grow.  But 
one  year's  pasturing  will  kill  it  dead.  I  ran  a  fence 
through  a  piece  of  it  and  put  my  stock  on  it,  and 
they  not  only  killed  that  in  the  pasture,  but  on  the 
adjoining  land  as  far  as  the  cattle  could  reach  it 
thr(jugh  the  wire  fence.  This  has  been  my  experience 
with  two  pieces  in  two  different  years.  From  one 
of  the  pieces  T  cut  four  crops  of  hay,  which  would 
average  over  three  feet  high  at  each  cutting.  1  fed 
it  to  my  horses  green  and  they  eat  it  about  like  they 
would  crimson  clover.  It  will  grow  on  almost  any 
kind  of  land,  and  the  richer  the  better.  The  piece  I 
cut  was  on  a  black  sandy  loam  which  would  make 
about  four  barrels  of  corn  per  acre.  J.  B.  Lee. 

Hanover  county,  Va. 


GRASSES  AND  LEGUMES  IN  EASTERN  VIRGINIA 
AND  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Editor  Southern   Planter: 

Anent  the  question  of  wild  grasses  in  Eastern 
North  Carolina  and  Virginia.  I  am  moved  to  wonder 
iKir  at  their  paucity,  but  at  their  abundance.  Why, 
in  my  neighborhood,  wire  or  Bermuda  grass,  Caro- 
lina vetch,  sweet  vernal,  bluegrass,  orchard  grass, 
red  and  white  clover,  timothy  and  various  types  of 
lespidiza  (Japan  clover)  grow  on  every  roadside,  lawn 
and  corner  of  one's  garden.  I  send  you  by  to-day's 
iriail  a  plant  that  for  the  last  few  years  I  have  noticed 
ill    increasing    amount    on    sandy    spots    that    will 


scarcely  grow  anything  else,  and  which  I  think  is  a 
legume.  (The  plant  is  a  legume ;  the  botanical  name 
is  TrifoHum  arvense. — En.)  I  notice  stock  seem  fond 
of  it,  and  it  somewhat  reminds  me  of  alfalfa.  It 
would  seem  to  me  that  any  of  these  grasses  would,  and 
could,  grow  if  properly  planted  and  cared  for,  but  it 
is  hard  to  remove  the  prejudice  our  farmers  have  for 
anything  in  the  line  of  gi-ass. 

I  am  a  comparative  novice  in  farming,  but  began 
right,  six  years  ago,  by  subscribing  for  the  Planter, 
and  have  learned  a  good  deal  from  it.  I  tried  first 
crimson  clover,  but  prepared  my  ground  for  it  and 
got  no  stand.  The  next  year  I  tried  sowing  the  se«d 
in  my  corn-field  behind  the  corn  pullers  and  had  a 
perfect  stand.  Learning  that  a  seed-bed  must  be 
made  that  would  hold  the  water  up  to  the  top  and  in 
reach  of  the  clover  roots,  which  are  extremely  deli- 
cate, I  next  year  ploughed  in  wheat  and  then  har- 
rowed my  bed  until  so  firm  that  a  horse's  hoof  would 
not  sink  in  it.  Then  I  rolled  in  my  clover  and  the 
result  was  marvellous.  Mj-  wheat  headed  at  fifty- 
four  inches  so  thick  it  would  hold  up  a  hat,  and  my 
clover  blossomed  out  at  the  same  time  at  forty-eight 
inches,  making  the  prettiest  crop  I  ever  saw,  and 
one  which  the  Director  of  our  State  Experiment  Sta- 
tion said  was  the  finest  he  ever  saw.  But  I  found, 
and  still  find,  crimson  clover  hard  to  cure.  And  now 
comes  my  favorite  of  all  grasses — sand  vetch.  Six 
years  ago  I  sent  a  piece  of  grass  I  noticed  my  horse 
always  headed  for  in  the  corner  of  my  garden  to 
Professor  Massey  for  him  to  name,  and  he  wrote  me 
it  was  Carolina  vetch.  I  read  in  the  seed  catalogue 
that  sand  vetch  was  better  than  the  Carolina,  so  con- 
cluded to  try  it.  Well,  I  still  stick  to  it.  The  seeds 
man  said  it  was  hard  to  cure,  but  I  find  it  easier  than 
any  other  to  make  good  hay  of.  Also,  they  said  it 
grew  four  or  five  feet  high.  Mine  often  grows  eigh- 
teen feet.  I  send  you  a  specimen  of  my  crop, 
and  I  want  to  know  whether  I  grow  it  extra  heavy 
or  it  is  only  another  mistake  of  the  seedsman.  (The 
specimen  plant  was  9  feet  6  inches  in  length.  This 
is  more  than  the  average. — En.)  Lastly,  they  said 
it  was  earlier  than  crimson  clover,  and  that  cattle 
had  to  be  educated  to  eat  it,  both  of  which  statements 
have  proved  erroneous  with  me.  I  find  it  is  only  an 
occasional  animal  that  refuses  it  at  first  and  that  all 
gi-ow  to  like  it.  Lastly,  I  want  to  tell  the  way  to 
cut  it :  My  crop  is  always  so  heavy  that  nothing  will 
hold  it  up,  and  even  in  the  middle  of  our  late 
drought  I  foimd  wet  spots  on  the  ground  when  I  cut 
it,  and  this  moisture  so  macerates  the  stems  that  a 
man  can  readilv  rake  off  the  vines  with  a  long  tined 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER. 


439 


rake,  and  this  is  the  way  I  always  cut  mine,  finding 
it  both  effective  and  rapid. 

I  will  close  by  relating  an  anecdote  on  one  of  our 
progressive  young  farmers — a  patient  of  mine — who 
came  to  me  the  other  day  and  said  that  he  had  sent  | 
$10  to  a  seedsman  for  Bermuda  grass  cuttings  and 
that  the  man  had  actually  sent  him  mre  grass  roots, 
and  that  he  had  more  than  enough  of  that  already. 

Moral:     He  does  not  read  the  Planter. 

Edgecomhe.  county,  N.  C.  C.  E.  IsToefleet. 

(Our  correspondent  is  right  as  to  the  facility  with 
which  grasses  and  the  leg:umes  grow  in  Virginia  and 
North  Carolina  when  proper  encouragement  is  given. 
If  southern  farmers  would  labor  half  as  hard  to  se- 
cure stands  of  grass  and  clover  as  they  do  to  kill  them 
out,  the  South  would  soon  be  covered  Avith  a  carpet 
of  green  not  equalled  by  any  other  section  of  the 
country,  and  the  result  would  be  permanent  pros- 
perity for  the  growers. — Ed.  ) 


ENQUIRER'S  COLUMN. 

Enquiries  should  be  sent  to  the  office  of  The  Southern  Plan- 
ter, Richmond,  Va.,  not  later  than  the  15th  of  the  month  for 
replies  to  appear  in  the  next  month's  issue. 


ALFALFA  EXPERIENCE  IN  VIRGINIA. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

A  few  days  ago  I  enclosed  you  a  plant  which  you 
pronounced  alfalfa.  Twenty-five  years  ago  I  sowed 
ten  acres  in  alfalfa.  It  came  up  very  scattering; 
there  was  only  now  and  then  a  plant,  so  I  ploughed  it 
up.  The  next  year  I  noticed  a  plant  that  I  thought 
was  alfalfa  growing  on  a  poor  hillside  about  one 
hundred  yards  from  the  land  I  had  seeded.  This 
plant  was  growing  near  an  old  stump.  I  suppose  a 
bird  must  have  dropped  the  seed.  Now  and  then 
since  that  time  I  have  noticed  this  same  plant.  Your 
articles  in  the  Planter  have  caused  me  to  look  after  it, 
especially  this  spring,  and  although  it  has  been  very 
dry  the  plant  is  vigorous,  healthy  and  looks  as  if  it 
might  stay  twenty-five  years  more.  The  hillside  upon 
which  it  grows  has  been  considered  too  poor  to  cul- 
tivate. That  is  why  it  was  never  ploughed  up.  The 
land  I  sowed  the  alfalfa  on  was  creek  bottom:  this 
plant  grows  on  stiff  red  land  with  clay  subsoil.  Your 
articles,  with  this  experience,  will  induce  me  to  try 
it  again  this  fall. 

If  you  think  this  experience  is  of  interest  enough 
to  publish  you  are  at  liberty  to  do  so. 

Bedford  Co.,  Va.  ^  A.  W.  Scott. 


Tomato  Worms. 

Can  you  tell  me  what  to  do  for  the  tomato  worm — 
the  big  green  one  like  the  tobacco  worm.  They  are 
not  on  them  yet.  but  I  suppose  will  be,  as  they  have 
in  years  past. 

Accomac  Co.,  Va.  Ti-iomas  D.  Martin. 

Hand  picking  is  the  only  practicable  way  of  deal- 
ing with  this  worm.  Paris  green  will  kill  them,  but 
it  is  not  practicable  to  apply  this  remedy  after  the 
fruits  are  set,  as  there  would  be  danger  of  poisoning 
the  consumers  of  the  fruit. — Ed. 


Sassafras. 

In  the  April  number  of  the  Southern  Planter  a 
contributor  advises  the  cutting  of  persimmon  growth 
in  the  months  of  January  and  February  as  the  time 
to  exterminate  it.  Will  not  some  one  of  your  con- 
tributors advise  as  to  the  best  way  and  time  to  de- 
stroy sassafras  growth? 

Anne  Aundel  Co.,  Md.  T.  Sellman  Halt.. 

In  the  February  and  April  (1902)  issues  of  the 
Planter  will  be  found  articles  upon  this  subject, 
giving  experience  with  different  methods. — Ed. 


Potash  for  Clover. 

Will  you  kindly  inform  me  if  it  is  any  advantage 
to  top-dress  clover  with  potash  for  the  second  crop. 
If  so,  what  amount  should  be  used  to  the  acre  ? 

Isle  of  Wight  Co.,  Va.  N.  Peyton  Young. 

No.  We  do  not  think  yoti  would  find  any  benefit 
to  the  clover  from  the  potash.  Potash  is  slow  in  its 
action  and  should  be  worked  into  the  land  some  time 
before  the  crop  is  planted  for  its  action  to  be  appre- 
ciated. A  dressing  of  nitrate  of  soda,  say  75  pounds 
to  the  acre,  would  no  doubt  help  it  to  make  a  heavier 
crop.  This  is  quick  in  action.  We  have  seen  its 
effect  in  ten  davs. — Ed. 


An  onion  miuced  fine  in  cold  slaw  improves  it  for 
every  one  who  does  not  object  to  the  flavor  of  onions. 


Hog  Yards. 

I  can  arrange  my  hog  yards  so  they  will  be  on  high 
ground  or  extend  them  to  lower  ground,  where  hogs 
will  have  a  wallow ;  but  this  leaves  an  unsightly  mud 
liole  hard  to  clean  up.  Do  you  think  hogs  will  do  as 
well  on  high  ground  as  if  they  were  allowed  to  have 
a  mud  hole  to  wallow  in  ? 

Elizaieih  City  Co.,  Va.  E.  M.  Fulton. 

Make  the  hog  yards  on  the  high  land.     Hog  wal- 


440 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[July 


lows  ought  not  to  be  found  on  any  farm.  They  are 
a  constant  source  of  di.^ease  and  trouble,  and  are  not 
called  for  by  the  natural  habits  or  the  health  of  the 
hogs.  The  hog  is  naturally  a  clean  animal,  but  man, 
by  his  neglect  of  proper  surroundings,  has  made  him 
a  synonym  of  filthiness.  Keep  them  dry  and  clean 
and  out  of  dusty  beds  and  the  hogs  will  be  healthier 
and  the  meat  more  wholesome.  See  that  there  is  in 
the  yards  an  abundant  supply  of  pure  spring  water 
alwavs  at  hand  for  drinking. — Eix 


Rye  and  Crimson  Clover. 

Can  I  plant  rye  and  crimson  clover  after  sweet 
potatoes  and  gi-ow  it  successfully  ?  Could  I  graze 
pigs  on  same  during  winter  months  ? 

Sampson  Co..  N.  C.  Subsceibee. 

Yes.  Sow  as  early  as  you  can  after  digging  the 
crop,  so  that  the  crimson  clover  may  have  a  chance 
to  make  as  much  growth  as  possible  before  winter. 
We  would  mix  some  wheat  and  oats  with  the  crop,  as 
they  make  better  grazing  than  rye.  The  crop  should 
make  some  gracing  in  winter  and  good  grazing  in  the 
early  spring. — Ed. 


grease  the  legs  of  the  cows  and  the  parts  where  the 
ticks  are  most  commonly  found  with  fish  oil  or  lard 
in  wliieh  a  little  carbolic  acid  or  kerosene  oil  has  been 
mixed. — Eo. 


Pickle-Making— Storing  Irish  and  Sweet  Potatoes 

Please  state  through  your  valuable  paper  formula 
for  putting  up  cucumber  j^ickles  to  use  through  win- 
ter— same  as  those  we  pureliase  in  kegs  from  gi'ocers. 
Also  name  best  method  for  putting  away  sweet  and 
Irish  potatoes  to  keep  over  winter  without  cold 
storage.  Isaac  H.  Dun^lap. 

We  regret  to  say  that  we  are  imable  to  give  a  re- 
ceipt for  pickling  cucumbers.  The  cucumbers  are 
usually  put  up  in  strong  brine  by  the  growers  and 
shipped  to  the  pickle  factories  and  are  there  con- 
verted into  pickles.  Perhaps  some  of  our  lady  read 
ers  can  give  receipts  for  making  the  pickles.  We 
Ihave  several  times  given  instructions  for  storing 
Irish  and  sweet  potatoes,  and  will  endeavor  to  do  so 
again  in  a  later  issue.  It  is  too  early  yet  to  store 
these  crops. — Ed. 


Ticks  on  Cows, 

My  cattle  are  much  troubled  with  ticks,  which 
seem  to  get  on  them  when  in  a  certain  pasture  in 
which  there  is  some  woodland. 

The  ticks  cling  between  their  legs  and  on  the  bags 
of  the  cows,  and  are  very  persistent  in  sticking  on. 

Can  you  suggest  a  remedy?  If  you  can  aid  "me  I 
w'ill  be  under  many  obligations. 

.\fonlgomery,  Ala.  P.  C.  ^Fasste. 

Have  all  the  ticks  picked  off  carefully  and  then 


Pruning  Orchard. 

I  have  an  orchard  that  has  been  planted  for  over 
eighteen  years.  The  trees  ai'e  thrifty  enough  (one 
of  them,  a  heavy  bearer,  is  the  finest  specimen  of  a 
tree  that  I  have  ever  seen),  but  most  of  them  haven't 
borne  a  peck  of  apples  in  the  whole  time.  Some  of 
the  trees  have  been  struck  with  the  cedar  blight — 
were  struck  before  I  knew  of  the  danger;  but  they 
w'ere  good  bearers. 

I  have  always  pruned  in  the  spring,  but  I  believe 
that  it  has  been  decided  that  summer  pruning  is 
best  for  fruit.  What  I  want  to  know  is,  in  what 
month  will  I  be  safe  in  pruning?  I  do  not  want  to 
prune  at  a  time  that  will  iniure  the  trees. 

Davidson  Co.,  N.  C.  P.  "ISToetox 

^fr.  Thomas,  the  author  of  the  .\merican  Fruit 
Culturist,  and  one  of  the  best  authorities  on  fruit 
growing,  writing  on  "Pruning  as  Affecting  Fruitful- 
ness,"  says:  "As  a  general  rule  the  rapid  formation 
of  leaves  and  wood  is  adverse  to  the  production  of 
fruit.  -On  the  other  hand  the  slow  growth  of  the 
wood  favors  the  formation  of  fruit  buds  and  the  pro- 
duction of  heavy  crops.  These  two  adverse  tenden- 
cies may  be  more  or  less  controlled  by  pruning. 
When  the  too  numerous  branches  of  a  tree  produce 
more  leaves  than  can  be  properly  supplied  with 
nourishment,  resulting  in  a  feeble  or  diminished 
growth,  new  vigor  may  often  be  imparted  by  judic- 
ious pruning,  directing  the  sap  into  a  smaller  num- 
ber of  channels  and  thus  increasing  its  force.  For 
example ;  Peach  trees,  after  bearing  some  years,  and 
yielding  smaller  fruit  than  on  fresh,  young  trees, 
will  assume  all  their  former  thriftiness  by  partly 
cutting  back  the  heads.  In  such  operations  it  is  in- 
dispensable to  observe  the  rule  of  cutting  back  in 
winter  or  early  spring  before  the  buds  have  swollen. 
If  trees  are  too  thrifty  and  do  not  bear,  a  check  may 
be  given  and  many  of  the  leaf  buds  be  thus  changed 
to  fruit  buds  by  a  continued  pinching  back  during 
the  summer.  The  production  of  fruit  buds  may  be 
accomplished  artiticially  by  checking  the  growth  of 
vigorous  trees,  but  such  treatment,  out  of  the  ordi- 
nary course  of  nature,  though  sometimes  useful, 
should  be  cautiously  applied,  as  the  first  crop  gives 
still  another  check  and  often  materially  injures  the 
tree  and  the  ipiality  of  its  subsequent  crops.  Another 
and  unobjectionable  mode  of  attaining  the  same  end 
is  summer  priniincj.  which  is  effected  by  pinching  oft' 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


441 


the  soft  ends  of  the  side  shoots  after  they  have  made 
a  few  inches'  growth.  In  these  the  sap  immediately 
acciimnlates  and  the  yonng  biids  on  the  remainder 
of  these  shoots,  which  otherwise  would  produce  leaves, 
are  gradually  changed  into  fruit  buds.  *  *  * 
It  often  happens  ^\'hen  the  pinching  is  done  too  early 
that  the  new  buds  send  out  shoots  a  second  time  the 
same  season.  Those  second  shoots  are  to  be  pinched 
in  the  same  manner  as  the  first." — Ed. 

Patenting  Fruit  Trees. 

Is  there  a  law  that  gives  a  man  the  right  to  patent 
an  apple  or  any  other  fruit  tree,  and  if  so,  does  this 
patent  prohibit  others,  who  have  the  same  apple  or 
fruit,  from  budding  or  grafting  or  giving  limbs  to  his 
neighbor  to  bud  or  graft  for  his  own  use  ? 

Davidson  Co.,  Tenn.  T.  I..  Fuqua. 

^0  patent  can  be  granted  for  the  production  of 
an  apple  or  any  other  tree,  but  a  man  may  register 
the  name  which  he  gives  to  any  particular  fruit,  and 
thereby  acquire  title  to  that  name,  which  will  pre- 
vent the  same  being  appropriated  by  another  grower. 
This  would  not  hinder  his  disposing  of  the  scions  or 
buds  from  the  tree  in  any  way  he  thoiight  proper, 
but  rather  would  aid  him  in  doina;  so. — Ed. 


Feed  Value  of  Rutabagas. 

Please  let  me  know  the  feed  value  of  rutabaga  tur- 
nips for  hogs  and  cows. 

Duplin  Co.,  N.  0.  Thomas  M.  Bobson. 

The  analysis  of  rutabagas  shows  their  content  to 
be  as  follows:  Water,  88.01;  ash,  1.15;  protein, 
1.18;  fiber,  1.2,5;  nitrogen,  free  extract  (Carbo- 
hydrate), Y.66;  fat,  0.1,5.  This  does  not  show  them 
to  have  a  high  feed  value,  but  experience  in  the  feed- 
ing of  them  has  demonstrated  that  the  analysis  of 
their  content  does  not  fully  disclose  their  value  as 
a  food.  They  have  a  cooling  action  on  the  stomach 
and  blood,  which  encourages  appetite  and  stimulates 
the  assimilative  jiowers  of  the  stomach  and  other 
organs,  enabling  better  results  to  be  obtained  from 
all  the  feed  given  to  the  animals  eating  them.  In 
England  they  form  one  of  the  principal  winter  foods 
of  all  feedins:  stock. — Ed. 


Horses  Rubbing  Mane  and  Tail. 

I  have  some  horses  that  rub  their  tails  and  manes. 
They  have  no  lice,  nor  do  they  show  any  sign  of 
worms.  They  are  in  good  condition ;  they  have  ex- 
ereise  every  day  by  running  to  pasture  or  work.  This 
itching  seems  to  annov  them.     I  would  like  to  know 


some  way  to  prevent  the  itching  and  stop  them,  as  it 
makes  them  look  bad.    It  seems  to  be  contagious. 

Ashe  Co.,  N.  C.  Eddie  Young. 

Where  it  is  certain  that  the  horses  have  no  lice 
on  them,  this  rubbing  is  usually  caused  by  over- 
heating of  the  blood  from  too  rich  food  and  too  little 
work  or  exercise.  Give  a  purgative  ball  and  cut  off 
some  of  the  grain  feed  and  substitute  a  bran  mash 
once  or  twice  a  week  and  feed  grass.  Give  plenty  of 
work  or  exercise.  A  little  sulphur  fed  in  the  mash 
twice  a  week  will  also  have  a  cooling  effect.  Apply 
some  grease  to  the  roots  of  the  mane  and  tail,  there 
may  possibly  be  some  very  small  lice.  Worms  often 
cause  rubbing  of  the  tail.  An  injection  into  the 
anus  of  a  solution  of  quassia  chips  in  water  will  give 
relief  from  this  trouble. — Ed. 


Irrigating  Land. 

I  have  a  farm,  lately  purchased — creek  bottom — 
with  a  bold  spring  on  it — a  very  large  spring,  in 
fact — running  diagonally  through  it,  with  another 
large,  unfailing  spring  branch  on  the  north  side  of 
the  farm.  These  springs  afford  an  abundance  of 
water  for  irrigation  if  it  could  be  utilized.  Would 
irrigation  by  engine  and  hose  be  expedient  and  com- 
mendable? Say,  xise  a  traction  engine  of  sufficient 
power,  which  could  also  be  used  for  various  other 
purposes,  such  as  for  grinding  feed  or  running  a 
grist  or  floiiring  mill,  etc.,  etc.  This  would  reduce 
the  cost  of  irrigation  to  a  minimum  and  make  irriga- 
tion feasible,  so  far  as  irrigation  itself  is  concerned. 
But  the  question  troubling  me  is,  Would  this  manner 
of  irrigation  be  expedient  ?  For  example,  would  it 
be  expedient  to  throw  a  stream  of  water  on  your  fields 
and  crops  during-the  hours  of  simshine?  The  pro- 
cess of  irrigation  could  commence,  say,  at  4  P.  M. 
and  continue  into  the  night  awhile,  if  it  would  be  in- 
expedient to  attend  to  it  in  the  heat  and  sunshine  of 
the  day. 

You  may  be  disposed  to  inquire  why  resort  to  this 
method?  One  reason,  the  source  of  the  water  is,  I 
fear,  too  low  to  raise  it  to  the  necessary  height  of 
can-ying  it  through  ditches,  and  another  is  the  charac- 
ter of  the  soil  is  not  such  as  to  restrict  the  water  to 
the  ditch.  I  am  a  novice  in  the  matter  of  irrigation 
and  will  greatly  appreciate  suggestions  in  this  line 
through  the  Planter. 

Hamilton  Oo.j  Tenn.  J.  W.  Oi.tFT. 

This  question  of  irrigating  lands  outside  the  arid 
lielt  is  one  which  is  engaging  the  attention  of  the 
authorities  in  the  Department  of  AgTiciilture  at 
Washington,  who  have  already  issued  several  bulletins 
on  the  subject.  If  you  will  write  the  Secretary  of 
Aoriculture  he  will,  no  doubt,  have  these  forwarded 


442 


THE  SOUTHER?^^  PLANTER. 


[July 


to  you.  There  is  no  question  but  that  in  many  cases 
irrisation  can  be  usefully  and  profitably  used  on 
lands  in  the  East  and  South,  but  prehaps  in  most 
ca?es  this  will  be  found  only  to  be  so  when  the  land 
is  devoted  to  the  production  of  truck  and  garden 
crops,  which  have  a  high  value  and  can,  therefore, 
bear  a  relatively  high  cost  for  production.  In  the 
ca«e  of  the  staple  crops  it  is  doubtful  how  far  the 
system  can  be  made  to  pay,  especially  where  cost  of 
pumping  has  to  be  incured.  Simple  gravity  ditch 
irrigation  might  be  found  profitable  possibly  in  many 
seasons. — Ei>. 


Raising  Colts. 

What  "points"  can  some  of  your  subscribers  give 
me  as  to  feeding  and  general  treatment  of  colts  ? 
Henderson  Co.,  N  C.  R- 

Will  breeders  please  notice  and  reply? — Ed. 


Lice  in  the  Hen  House  -Number  of  Roosters  Re- 
quired—Fertility of  Eggs. 

Is  it  possible  to  keep  a  new  hen  house,  built  en- 
tirely of  new  wood,  free  of  lice  when  stocked  with 
chickens  raised  in  an  incubator  and  brooder? 

2.  How  many  roosters  ought  to  be  kept  with  100 
hens  to  be  sure  of  the  eggs  being  all  fertile  ? 

3.  Are  pullet  eggs  (the  pullet  about  7  months  old) 
as  good  for  hatching  in  an  incubator  as  those  laid 
by  an  older  hen  ? 

4.  Is  a  young  rooster,  same  age  as  pullets,  as 
good  as  an  older  one  ? 

Albemarle  Co.,  Va.  An  Enquieee. 

1.  It  is  practically  impossible  to  keep  lice  out  of 
any  house,  but  in  a  new  house  built  as  described,  and 
vrith  chickens  hatched  and  raised  as  described,  they 
may  easily  be  kept  in  subjection  by  whitewashing 
with  lime  wash  in  which  some  kerosene  has  been 
mixed,  two  or  three  times  in  the  year,  so  as  to  cause 
no  trouble. 

2.  Not  more  than  twenty  hens  should  run  with  one 
rooster  to  ensure  fertility  of  the  eggs. 

3.  Yes.  The  only  drawback  to  using  eggs  from 
80  young  a  hen  is  that  the  chickens  may  lack  vitality 
and  strength.  Those  from  a  1  or  2-year-old  hen  are 
much  more  likely  to  have  the  required  stamina  to 
ensure  good  growth  and  resistance  to  disease. 

4.  A  young  rooster  is  always  better  than  an  old 
one.  A  year-old  bird  is  in  his  prime  for  securing 
fertility  in  the  eggs. — En. 


Fig  Tree  Dropping  Fruit. 

I  have  a  fig  bush  on  my  place  that  dropped  its  fruit 


when  nearly  full  grown.  Aly  neighbors  tell  me  it 
has  done  so  before,  and  that  as  far  as  they  remember 
the  bush  has  never  carried  fruit  to  maturity.  This 
is  the  first  season  it  is  under  my  observation.  The 
bush  looks  exceedingly  thrifty — very  full  of  leaves 
of  glossy,  dark  hue.  "it  was  spaded  around  in  the 
spring  and  thinned,  as  the  stems  or  trees  were  very 
thick.  It  also  received  some  fertilizer  and  barn-yard 
manure  this  spring,  but  had  been  neglected  pre- 
viously, although  it  certainly  looked  thrifty  all  the 
time.     Can  you  suggest  a  remedy  ? 

Middlesex  Co.,  Va.  C.  deBruynkops. 

Fig  trees  are  very  apt  to  drop  their  fruit  if  at  all 
lacking  in  moisture  at  the  time  of  the  swelling  of 
the  fruit  just  previous  to  ripening.  Probably  this 
is  the  cause  of  your  tree  failing  to  mature  the  crop. 
The  North  Carolina  Experiment  Station,  Raleigh, 
has  experimented  largely  with  fig  growing  and  pub- 
lished one  or  two  bulletins  on  the  subject.  Probably 
if  you  were  to  \vrite  the  station  they  would  send  you 
the  bulletins,  which  you  might  find  sei-viceable. — Ed. 


Rotten  Oak  as  a  Fertilizer. 

Kindly  advise  me  if  rotten  oak  has  any  fertilizing 
value.  J.  C.  Jacobs. 

No.  It  is  not  worth  the  trouble  of  hauling  it.  The 
only  thing  about  it  worth  anything  is  the  small 
amount  of  vegetable  matter  it  contains,  which  adds 
that  much  to  the  humus  content  of  the  soil. — Ed. 


Improving  Gravelly  Land  for  Grass. 

The  grove  in  front  of  my  dwelling  is  a  hillside, 
poor,  gravelly  soil,  well  shaded  with  white  and  post 
oak  and  hickory.  I  wish  to  sow  same  in  grass  for 
grazing  purposes.  Please  state  in  your  next  issue 
best  method  to  prepare  ground,  time  to  do  it,  kind 
of  fertilizer  and  seeds  to  use,  also  amount  per  acre. 

Chatham  Co.,  N.  C.  Isaac  H.  Dunlap. 

This  land  will  require,  first,  to  be  improved  before 
it  will  carry  a  grass  sod.  We  would  plough  it  and 
then  apply  twenty-five  bushels  of  lime  to  the  acre 
and  seed  it  with  a  mixture  of  crimson  clover,  sand 
vetch,  oats  and  wheat,  say  twelve  pounds  of  clover 
and  a  bushel  of  the  grain  mixed  in  equal  parts.  In 
the  spring,  say  in  April  or  May,  plough  this  crop 
down  and  apply  500  pounds  to  the  acre  of  acid  phos- 
phate and  fifty  pounds  of  muriate  of  potash  and  sow 
with  one  bushel  to  the  acre  of  cow  peas.  Graze  this 
crop  off  and  then  in  the  early  fall  plough  again  and 
seed  down  with  a  mixture  of  Wood  meadow  grass, 
hard  fescue,  Virginia  bluegrass,  Kentucky  bluegraas, 
perennial  rye  grass  and  white  clover,  two  bushels  to 
the  acre.     Give  with  this  a  dressing  of  500  pounds 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


443 


of  bone  meal  and  afterwards  top-dress  the  land  witli|  rows  on  terraced  land,  each  carrying  only  a  part  of 
farm-yard  manure. — Ed. 


Nut  Grass. 

I  have  a  large  lawn  in  front  of  my  house,  and  upon 
close  examination  I  find  that  what  we  call_  "nut 
grass"  (a  grass  that  has  roots  from  one  to  five  inches 
long  with  little  nuts  on  or  about  the  end)  is  scat- 
tered all  over  the  space  in  patches.  I  want  to  destroy 
this  grass,  as  it  is  getting  all  over  my  place.  I  will 
appreciate  it  very  much  if  you  will  give  me  the 
surest  and  most  direct  method  by  which  to  destroy 
the  orass.  John  D.  Wells. 

Wilson  Co.,  N.  C. 

The  only  way  to  get  rid  of  this  grass  is  to  put  the 
laud  into  arable  culture  and  then  smother  it  out  with 
crops.  Work  the  land  in  a  short  rotation  in  which 
use  cow  peas  for  a  summer  smother  and  crimson 
clover  and  hairy  vetch  as  a  winter  and  spring 
smother  as  frequently  as  possible  for  two  or  three 
years.  Plough  up  the  laud  now  and  sow  crimson 
clover  and  winter  oats  and  wheat  on  it,  say  twelve 
pounds  of  crimson  clover  and  three-quarters  of  a 
bushel  of  oats  and  wheat  mixed  per  acre.  Give  a 
dressing  of  300  or  400  pounds  of  acid  phosphate  with 
the  crop  to  ensure  a  heavy  growth.  In  the  spring, 
say  May,  plough  this  crop  down  and  sow  cow  peas, 
a  bushel  to  the  acre,  with  300  pounds  of  acid  phos- 
phate. Follow  this  crop,  which  should  be  cut  for 
hay,  with  an  oat  crop  and  then  with  crimson  clover  or 
vetches  again  and  then  seed  down  to  grass  again  with 
a  dressing  of  500  pounds  of  bone  meal. — Ed. 


Ploughing  Land. 

Do  you  think  it  a  good  yilan  when  ploughing  to 
lay  the  land  off  in  what  they  call  "lands"  of  about 
six  to  eight  yards  in  width,  then  plough  around  them 
until  ploughed  out;  then  lay  off  again  until  field  is 
finished  ?  I  notice  that  all  land  ploughed  in  this  way 
washes  in  gi'eat  gullies  after  rains  or  during  the 
winter  where  the  turning  row  is  left.  Will  you 
kindly  tell  me  how  a  field  should  be  ploughed  ? 

MeclcJenburg,  Va.  A.  B.  C. 

Laud  should  always  be  ploughed  in  "lands,"  or 
"beds,"  as  they  are  called  in  some  sections.  The 
practice  of  ploughing  round  and  round  a  field  until 
it  is  all  ploughed  is  a  bad  one  and  can  only  result 
in  \meven  ploughing  and  unlevel  land.  There  is  no 
reason  why  ploughing  in  "lands"  should  result  in 
washing.  This  is  caused  by  not  laying  the  lands  off 
in  the  right  direction.  They  should  be  so  laid  off  as 
not  to  follow  the  direct  fall  of  the  land,  but  slightly 
across  this,  so  that  each  furrow  will  act  like  the  fur- 


the  water  and  that  at  such  a  slight  fall  as  to  permit 
most  of  it  to  sink  into  the  subsoil  as  it  flows.  Then,  if 
the  laud  is  ploughed  deep  enough,  all,  or  nearly  all, 
the  water  will  be  absorbed  and  conserved  in  the  sub- 
soil for  the  ensuing  crop.  Deep  ploughing  is  the 
cure  for  washing.  On  flat  land  the  beds  should  be 
narrow  and  on  rolling  land  wide,  so  as  to  ensure 
drainage  in  wet  seasons. — Ed. 


Cramp  in  Horses. 

I  have  a  fine  mare,  6  years  old,  that  has  the  cramp 
badly — one  time  I  made  sure  she  would  die.  Every 
muscle  in  her  body  seemed  contracted.  Can  you  tell 
me  anything  that  T  could  give  her  that  would  relieve 
her  permanently,  or  even  temporarily. 

Wythe  Co.,  Va.  M.  H.  Jackson.  _ 

What  is  commonly  known  as  cramp,  or  colic,  in 
horses  is  of  two  kinds,  each  requiring  different  treatr 
ment.  Spasmodic,  or  true  cramp,  colic  is  produced 
by  indigestible  food,  large  drinks  of  cold  water  when 
the  horse  is  heated  or  driving  horses  when  heated 
through  deep  streams  or  standing  in  cold  rain  or 
from  cold  drafts.  Spasmodic  colic  always  begins 
suddenly,  the  horse  stops  feeding,  stamps  violently, 
lies  down,  rolls,  paws.  Then  there  is  relief,  appa- 
rently, for  a  time  and  then  the  pains  return  again. 
The  horse  makes  frequent  attempts  to  urinate,  sweats 
and  paws  violently.  For  this  form  of  colic  the  proper 
remedies  are  anti-spasmodics.  Probably  the  best  is 
chloral  hydrate,  10  ounces  in  a  half  pint  of  water, 
given  as  a  drench.  A  very  common  remedy  is  2 
ounces  of  sulphuric  ether  and  2  ounces  of  alcohol  in 
8  ounces  of  water.  If  nothing  else  is  at  hand  give 
half  a  pint  of  whiskey  in  hot  water.  If  relief  is  not 
given  by  any  of  these  repeat  the  dose  in  an  hour. 
After  the  pain  has  subsided  give  a  pint  of  linseed  oil 
to  evacuate  the  bowels. 

The  other  form  of  colic  is  properly  known  as  flatu- 
lent colic,  or  wind  colic.  This  is  generally  caused  by 
sudden  changes  of  food,  too  long  fasting,  new  hay 
or  grain,  or  large  quantities  of  gi-een  food.  The 
symptoms  of  wind  colic  are  not  so  sudden  as  those  of 
cramj)  colic.  The  horse  is  dull  and  paws  slightly. 
The  pains  are  continuous  and  not  spasmodic.  The 
belly  enlarges,  and  by  striking  it  in  front  of  the 
haunches  a  dnmi-like  sound  is  produced.  The  treat- 
ment for  this  form  is  the  use  of  alkaline  remedies  to 
neutralize  th§  gases  found.  Give  baking  soda  in 
doses  of  from  2  to  4  oiinces  or  the  same  quantity  of 
carbonate  of  ammonia  every  half  hour  until  relieved. 
Chloral  hydrate  is  also  a  good  remedy  given  in  1 
ounce  doses  in  half  a  pint  of  water.    These  remedies 


444 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEK. 


[July 


should  be  followed  by  a  purgative  after  the  pain  is 
relieved.  Barbadoes  aloes  is  the  best ;  give  1  ounce 
■or  linseed  oil  1  pint.  An  injection  of  1  to  2  ounces 
of  turpentine  and  S  ounces  of  linseed  oil  into  the 
VOrTum  is  of  great  assistance  in  getting  rid  of  the 
wind. — Ed. 


Plants  for  Name. 

We  have  received  from  several  readers  two  plants 
for  name  which  are  common  all  through  the  South. 
The  one  is  a  woolly  headed  plant  and  the  other  a 
little  creeping  plant  with  yellow  flowers.  The  first 
is  irifoliuyn  arvei'sc.  called  in  some  sections  rabbit- 
foot  clover,  in  others  mouse  ear  clover,  in  others  cot- 
ton-top clover.  Stock  will  frecpiently  eat  this  freely 
and  it  is  worth  something  for  improving  land.  This, 
however,  is  usually  regarded  as  a  weed.  The  other 
plant  is  trifoliiim  pronimbcns,  known  as  hop  clover. 
It  is  practically  of  no  value. — Ei>. 

Plant  for  Name. 

Please  find  enclose  a  bud  and  a  bloom  of  a  plant 
which  is  unknown  to  us.  If  you  know  the  name  of  it 
would  like  for  you  to  publish  in  the  next  issue.  It 
grows  from  three  to  five  feet  high ;  grows  very  much 
like  l)uckwheat;  blooms  in  June  and  continues  until 
frost,  and  is  relished  very  much  by  the  bees. 

I'i.lisi/lrariia  Co..  Va.  J.  W.  Kamey. 

The  plant  is  meliJotvs  alba  (white  melilot  or  Bok- 
iiara  clover.)  It  is  not  generally  liked  by  stock,  but 
is  a  good  improver  of  land,  as  it  secures  nitrogen  from 
the  atmosphere.  Its  roots  also  go  down  deep  into  the 
l:ind  and  bring  np  plant  food  and  make  the  land 
frialile.— Ed. 


Sick  Chickens  and  Hens. 

I  have  one  hundred  chickens,  eighteen  hens  and 
one  rooster.  My  oldest  chickens  are  3  months  old. 
I  have  about  thirty-five  of  that  age,  the  rest  are 
smaller  and  of  difl:'erent  ages.  I  have  a  large  lot  and 
they  have  access  to  a  corn-field.  I  keep  my  hen  house 
tlioroughly  clean — use  ashes  and  lime  on  floor  and 
som<^times  burn  sulphur  in  it.  I  use  carbolic  acid 
in  their  drinking  water.  I  feed  them  mostly  on 
corn  bread,  sometimes  give  them  corn  meal  dough 
with  Pratts  poultry  food  mixed  with  it.  I  also  use 
black  ])e])per  in  the  food.  My  oldest  chickens  have 
something  like  cholera — they  get  droopy,  sit  with 
tlieir  eyes  closed  and  feathers  ruffled,  and  in  a  few 
<lays  die.  One  of  my  Plymouth  Pock  hens  has  it 
now,  and  two  of  my  largest  young  chickens.  I  have 
lost  six  hens,  one  rooster  and  five  young  chickens. 
Will  yon  kindly  advise  me  what  to  do? 

Iliissd  Co.,  Va.  Mks  B.  T.  Wilson. 

We  have  comjilnint  from  very  many  different  sec- 


tions of  the  South  of  sickness  amongst  chickens  this 
year.  We  attribute  this  largely  to  the  abnormal 
weather  we  have  had.  We  believe  it  to  be  mainly 
caused  by  the  cold,  rainy  weather.  Dryness  and 
warmth  are  essential  to  success  in  chicken  raising. 
Treated  as  you  are  treating  yours  you  should  be  suc- 
cessful, and  no  doubt  would  be,  if  the  weatlier  was 
more  genial.  Be  sure  yon  have  no  lice  on  the 
chickens.  Dust  them  with  insect  powder  and  put  a 
little  grease  on  the  heads  of  the  young  chickens— just 
a  dro]3  of  lard  in  which  a  few  drops  of  kerosene  have 
been  mixed.  Keep  your  houses  and  coops  clean  and 
burn  or  bury  deeply  any  chickens  that  may  die.  We 
do  not  believe  there  is  an  effectual  remedy  for  chicken 
cholera  if  it  is  once  established  in  a  flock.  The  only 
way  is  to  remove  the  healthy  birds  to  another  location 
and  let  the  germs  die  out  at  the  old  place. — Ed. 


Curing  Pea  Vines— Crimson  Clover  Hay. 

1.  AVill  some  reader  of  your  valuable  paper  tell 
me  the  best  M'ay  of  curing  pea  vines  ?  I  never  have 
l)een  able  to  keep  them  fit  for  anything. 

2.  Does  crimson  clover  make  good  feed  when  cut 
and  dried  'I  J.  P.  McDowell. 

Halifax  Co.,  Va. 

1.  We  have  published  a  great  many  different  ways 
of  curing  pea  vines.  Mr.  Blacknall,  of  Kittering, 
N.  C,  wrote  fully  on  this  subject  in  our  September, 
October  and  December  issues  last  year.  He  cures  by 
putting  up  green  on  poles  set  in  the  ground  having 
cross  pieces  nailed  on  to  keep  the  vines  from  the 
ground.  We  have  had  reports  of  good  success  with 
this  method.  We  know  others  who  cure  successfully 
just  as  they  cure  clover.  We  know  that  they  can 
be  cured  successfully  by  cutting  and  allowing  them 
to  remain  as  cut  until  partially  cured.  Then  rake 
into  windrow  and  allow  to  remain  a  day  or  two,  ac- 
cording to  the  weather,  and  then  put  up  into  cock 
and  allow  to  remain  until  nearly  fully  cured  and  then 
carry  to  the  barn  and  pack  away  closely  into  the 
barn  and  allow  to  remain  untouched,  even  though 
they  heat  considerably. 

2.  Crimson  clover,  if  cut  just  when  coming  into 
bloom,  makes  good  hay  safe  to  feed  to  all  stock.  If 
cut  after  the  seed  forms  the  hay  is  not  safe  to  feed  to 
horses. — Ed. 

Seeding  Grass-Preventing  Washing. 

When  is  the  best  time  to  seed  Evergreen — fall  or 
winter?  Does  it  do  l^etter  to  seed  by  itself  or  witli 
grain  ? 

We  have  land  tliat  w.nshes  very  badly.  Wliat  kind 
of  grass  will  hold   it  from  washing?     This  land   is 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEE. 


445 


creek  bottom  and  is  sandy.  Some  say  make  a  per- 
manent pasture  of  it.  Will  you  please  give  me  you 
ideas  about  it?  W.  C.  Joxes. 

Campbell  Co.,  Ya. 

All  grass  and  clover  seed  is  better  sown  in  the  fall 
than  the  spring  all  through  the  South.  Sow  in 
August  and  September  and  sow  alone  without  any 
grain  crop.  When  seeded  at  this  time  and  in  this 
way,  if  the  land  is  in  a  good  state  of  fertility  and 
well  prepared,  a  good  stand  can  be  confidently 
counted  on. 

The  way  to  prevent  washing  is  to  ijlough  deep  and 
to  lay  off  the  land  in  ploughing  it  so  that  the  furrows 
run  across  the  fall  of  the  land  diagonally,  so  that 
each  furrow  exits  the  line  of  wash  and  catches  and 
carries  into  the  subsoil  the  water  falling  on  it.  Siich 
a  creek  bottom  as  you  describe  should,  if  treated  in 
this  way,  make  a  good  meadow  or  permanent  pasture, 
if  sown  with  a  mixture  of  red  top,  meadow  fescue, 
Italian  rye  grass  perennial  rye  grass  and  alsike 
clover.  Mix  the  grasses  in  equal  parts  and  sow  two 
pounds  of  the  clover  seed.  Sow  two  bushels  of  the 
grass  seed  per  acre. — Ed. 


Oats  Turning  to  Cheat. 

Will  gray  winter  oats,  sown  on  medium  good  loam 
soil,  turn  into  cheat,  or  must  the  seed  of  the  cheat 
bave  been  in  the  oats  or  the  soil  ?  Subscribee. 

Stafford  Co.,  Va. 

Xeither  oats  nor  wheat  nor  any  other  grain  will 
turn  to  cheat  or  chess.  Cheat  or  chess  is  a  distinct 
Tjotanical  species,  and  is  produced  only  from  its  oa\ti 
■seed,  t\-hich  is  either  sown  with  the  grain  seed  or 
germinates  from  seed  already  in  the  ground,  on  its 
l)eing  broiight  near  enough  to  the  surface  to  become 
influenced  bv  the  sun  and  air. — Ed. 


Water  Meadow. 

I  have  a  meadow  of  what  we  term  "native  swamp 
grass."  It  is  on  a  creek  and  subject  to  overflow  at 
high  water  times.  It  has  been  mown  continuously 
(most  of  it)  twice  a  year  for  the  past  fifty  years  or 
more.  When  overflowed  it  is  mostly  by  back  water, 
and  consequently  very  little  sand  has  been  deposited 
on  it.  The  grass  does  not  appear  to  thrive  so  well 
on  it  of  late  as  of  yore,  averaging  now  annually  about 
two  tons  per  acre.  The  surface  is  too  near  the  water 
line  to  plough  and  cultivate  in  corn ;  besides,  wish  to 
use  for  meadow.  Can  drive  all  over  to  mow  and 
haul  hay. 

Do  you  suppose  that  it  may  be  what  is  sometimes 
•called  sod-bound  ?  If  so,  how  would  you  advise  treat- 
ing it,  say,  next  fall,  after  the  second  crojj  has  been 
taken  ofl^  and  when  the  land  is  dry  enough  to  operate 


on  ?  Would  it  pay  to  apply  lime  or  lime  and  acid 
phosphate  1 

Any  light  on  this  subject  will  be  gratefully  appre- 
ciated. A  SUBSCRIBEK. 

We  think  it  very  probable  that  the  meadow  is  what 
is  Icnown  as  "sod-bound."  After  the  second  crop  is 
cut  we  would  harrow  it  with  a  heavy,  sharp-toothed 
drag  harrow,  and  then  rake  off  the  grass  and  trash 
harrowed  up  and  apj^ly  r>0  bushels  of  lime  per  acre 
broadcast  and  sow  1  bushel  per  acre  of  Red  Top  and 
Italian  Rye  grass  in  equal  parts  and  roll  with  a  heavy 
roller. — Ed. 

Threshing  Cow  Peas  and  Soy  Beans. 

1.  Can  cow  peas  and  soy  beans  be  threshed  in  a 
grain  separator  without  breaking  the  peas  ?  If  so, 
what  is  to  be  removed  from  the  sejiarator  and  at 
what  speed  should  it  be  run  i 

2.  Please  advise  best  method  and  time  to  harvest 
same  f  or  a  seed  crop  when  same  is  cut  with  a  mower 
having  a  pea  or  clover  buncher  attached  ^ 

An  answer  through  your  columns  will  be  greatly 
appreciated.  X.  Y.  Z. 

Westmoreland  Co.,  Tn. 

1.  A^es.  They  can  both  be  threshed  with  a  separa- 
tor. Take  out  part  of  the  concaves  and  give  all  the 
space  possible  to  allow  the  vines  to  pass  through 
easily,  and  run  the  machine  just  fast  enough  to  carry 
the  vines  through  without  winding  on  the  drum.  We 
know  farmers  who  thresh  large  crops  of  peas  and  soy 
beans  every  year  with  the  separator. 

2.  Cut  when  the  greater  part  of  the  peas  or  beans 
are  just  turning  ripe,  and  cut  when  the  dew  is  on. 
Let  the  crop  lie  as  bunched  by  the  machine  until  the 
vines  are  partially  dry  and  then  put  several  bunches 
together  into  cocks  and  let  stand  until  cured,  when 
haul  to  the  liarn.  If  the  cocks  feel  damp  inside  after 
standing  a  day  or  two  open  out  and  let  the  wind  and 
sun  into  them  and  then  put  xip  again  until  fit  to  haul 
to  the  barn.  Handle  as  little  as  possible,  and  never 
in  the  hot  sun,  so  as  to  prevent  wasting  the  seed. — Ed. 


Forage  Crops. 

I  should  be  glad  to  hear  in  the  Southern  Planter 
your  opinion  of  what  beans  to  sow  with  oats  as  fod- 
der. An  Expekimext. 

Fairfax  Co.,  Va. 

(.^anada  Peas  are  the  best  grain  to  sow  with  oats  for 
a  forage  crop.  They  should  be  sown  in  December  or 
January,  and  will  make  an  early  gi-een  forage  crop 
or  a  hay  crop  of  high  feeding  value,  which  may  be 
cut  in  ]\ray.  Sand  vetch  or  the  English  winter  vetch 
may  be  sown  with  oats  in  September  and  October,  and 
make  an  excellent  forage  crop. — Ed. 


446 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEK. 


[July 


Trucking,  Garden  and  Orchard. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH. 

Successioiial  cmjjs  of  jjwcct  corn,  pole  beans,  lima 
be'ans  and  navy  beans  may  yet  be  planted.  Cucum- 
bers for  piekles  should,  if  not  already  sown,  be  at 
once  got  in.  In  our  last  issue  we  gave  instructions 
as  to  this  crop.  Blackeye  peas  may  also  be  yet  sown. 
Sweet  potato  slips  may  be  set  out  if  not  already 
planted,  and  cuttings  from  the  earlier  planted  ones 
riiiould  be  ])nt  in.  These  cuttings  will  make  potatoes 
that  will  make  better  seed  for  next  year's  crop  than 
that  from  the  earlier  planted  slips.  Cut  off  the  ends 
of  the  vines  with  three  or  four  leaves  on  them  and 
bury  the  whole  length  in  the  soil  except  the  tip  end 
with  two  or  three  leaves.  These  will  soon  take  root 
if  the  <>round  be  moist. 

The  late  croji  of  Irish  potatoes  should  be  planted 
this  month.  This  crop  will  make  potatoes  that  will 
keep  all  winter.  The  seed  used  is  northern  sets  that 
have  been  kept  in  cold  storage  to  prevent  sprouting. 
It  is  well  to  spread  the  sets  out  for  a  few  days  in  a 
shady  warm  place  to  encourage  the  sprouts  to  start 
l)efore  planting  them.  Prepare  the  land  well  and 
make  rich  with  a  good  potato  fertilizer  rich  in  pota.sh 


catches  them.     The  essential  for  success  with  this 
crop  is  to  have  the  sets  sprouted  before  setting. 


(.'elery  seed  not  already  sowed  should  be  sowed  this 
month.  In  our  last  issue  we  gave  directions  as  to 
this.  Where  the  seed  has  germinated  and  plants  are 
growing  these  should  be  drawn  from  the  seed-bed 
and  set  out  in  a  bed  to  grow  on  for  subsequent  plant- 
ing in  the  rows  so  that  they  may  become  stout,  stocky 
plants  and  not  be  drawn  by  overcrowding.  If  the 
leaves  are  long  and  spindling  shorten  them  back  with 
the  shears.  This  may  be  repeated  if  necessary  to  keep 
the  plants  stocky. 


Seed  may  be  sown  towards  the  end  of  the  month 
for  raising  broccoli  and  fall  cabbage.  These  crops 
can  both  be  successfully  raised  in  Middle  and  Eastern 
Virginia  and  North  Carolina  if  the  plants  be  not 
raised  too  early.  They  should  be  ready  to  set  out  in 
September.  The  seed-bed  should  be  in  a  moist,  shady 
place  and  the  young  plants  should  be  dusted  with 
tobacco  diist  to  keep  ofF  the  bugs. 


The  second  crop  of  Irish  potatoes  should  also  be 
idanted  this  month.  This  crop  is  raised  from  seed 
grown  by  the  crop  planted  in  January  and  February. 
It  is  a  safe  crop  to  raise  in  all  Eastern  Virginia  and 
North  Carolina  and  makes  seed  for  the  early  crop 
next  year,  which  is  much  preferred  to  northern-grovra 
sets,  and  is,  therefore,  always  in  large  demand  by 
the  truckers  of  Eastern  Virginia.  The  first  crop 
should  be  allowed  to  become  nearly  fully  ripe  before 
digging  and  then  the  sets  for  the  second  crop  be  se- 
lected from  the  tubers  as  they  are  dug.  The  sets 
should  be  about  the  size  of  an  egg,  as  they  are  to  be 
planted  whole  or  with  only  just  a  slip  cut  oft'.  These 
sets  should  ,  as  selected,  be  spread  out  in  a  shady  place 
to  green  for  a  few  days  and  then  be  covered  with  some 
light  soil  and  short  straw  and  be  made  moist  to  en- 
courage the  sprouts.  Plough  the  furrows  in  which 
these  are  to  be  set  deeply  by  running  the  plow  twice 
in  each  furrow.  Plant  the  sets  when  sprouted  in  the 
bottom  of  the  furrows  and  cover  lightly  with  soil. 
When  the  sprouts  come  through  this  plough  more  soil 
on  to  them  until  the  furrows  are  level.  Keep  level 
and  cultivate  frequently.  They  will  continue  to  grow 
until  late  fall  and  should  be  dug  just  before  frost 


Keep  the  cultivator  running  in  the  growing  crops 
to  keep  down  weeds  and  encoiirage  growth. 


The  budding  of  trees  should  have  attention  now. 
In  onr  last  issue  will  be  found  instructions  for  this 
work. 


Sow  cow  peas,  crimson  clover  or  sand  vetch  on  all 
land  cleared  of  crops  not  wanted  for  any  other  pur- 
pose.    Don't  grow  weeds,  they  are  unprofitable. 


ORCHARD  AND  GARDEN  NOTES. 

During  I  he  xcry  <lry  season  that  has  prevailed  over 
a  large  extent  of  the  State,  frequent  shallow,  level 
cultivation  has  been  necessary  for  good  crops  in  the 
orchard  and  garden.  If  our  advice  has  been  followed 
the  beneficial  effects  are,  no  doubt,  plainly  visible  at 
other  places,  as  they  are  in  our  garden. 

Keep  uj)  the  cultivation  till  the  middle  or  last  of 
this  month.  Then  sow  some  WTiip-poor-will  cow  peas- 
to  keep  the  ground  from  washing  during  fall  and 
winter,  and  also  to  add  some  fertilizer  to  the  soil^ 
which  is  being  constantly  depleted  by  clean  cultiva- 
tion and  by  washing  rains. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


447 


If  the  peas  are  so\\ti  in  rows  about  two  feet  apart 
so  that  one  or  two  cultivations  can  be  given  the  crop 
better  results  will  be  obtained  than  by  broad  easting 
and  giving  no  cultivation. 

I  consider  the  cow  pea  the  cheapest  and  best  fer- 
tilizer the  fanner  can  use  to  improve  much  of  the 
worn  soil  of  the  Southern  States.  By  the  time  this 
appears  in  print  I  expect  to  have  sown  some  in  my 
corn  during  the  last  cultivation  to  supply  fertilizer 
to  the  wheat  cro]i,  the  seed  of  which  will  be  sown 
in  October. 


Insects  have  been  very  serious  with  us  this  year. 
The  plum  curculio  has  stung  a  large  per  cent,  of  our 
plums.  One  of  the  best  ways  I  have  found  to  fight 
the  plum  curculio  is  to  destroy  all  "wormy  fruit." 
Perhaps  hogs  are  the  best  thing:^  to  gather  up  such 
fruit. 

The  rose  chaffer  appeared  on  <.)ur  grapes  in  large 
niimbers.  We  succeeded  in  poisoning  the  insect  by 
using  four  ounces  of  London  jnirjile  and  one  pound 
of  lime  mixed  with  twenty-five  gallons  of  water  and 
spraying  this  on  the  vines  thoroughly.  The  same 
preparation  kills  the  "potato-bugs." 


The  time  to  can  fruits  and  vegetables  on  the  farm 
has  come.  Put  up  a  large  quantity  for  family  use. 
Prepare  to  open  one  can  a  day  for  ten  months  in 
the  year.  This  would  be  no  difficult  thing  to  do,  if 
some  preparations  are  made  before  hand.  Nearly 
everything  except  corn  and  beans  can  be  put  up  on 
the  cooking  stove.  I  have  used  successfully  a  small 
canning  outfit  specially  made  for  the  cooking  stove. 
With  it  I  could  put  up  from  one  to  two  hundred  cans 
per  day.  Not  near  enough  canned  goods  are  put  up 
in  the  State.  We  must  broaden  out  along  this  line. 
Small  canneries  can  be  piit  up  in  the  towns  and  small 
villages  at  a  cost  of  $200  to  $400,  with  a  capacity  of 
two  to  four  thousand  cans  per  day.  In  another  State 
where  I  have  tested  and  recommended  such  canning 
outfits,  the  canning  industry  has  made  immense  pro- 
gress. Now  let  Virginia  move  up  along  this  line, 
^lore  will  be  said  about  this  subject  later. 

The  time  for  sowing  seeds  for  fall  crops,  such  as 
turnips,  radishes,  peas,  lettuce,  will  soon  be  here. 
They  will  soon  come  up  and  grow  off  well,  if  sown  in 
well  prepared  gi'ound.  But  there  is  one  thing  I 
want  to  caution  against,  and  that  is  never  sow  turnip 
seed  on  land  upon  which  a  garden  crop  is  to  be  grown 
next  year.  I  have  tried  it  in  Texas  for  two  years 
and  in  this  State  this  vear.     The  results  have  been 


that  the  cut-worms  destroyed  my  crops  each  time. 
The  moths  that  deposit  the  eggs  of  the  cut-worms 
seem  especially  fond  of  doing  so  in  the  field  upon  a 
green,  tender  turnip  bed.  The  following  spring  the 
worms  feed  on  the  next  crop. 

Tlie  early  purple-top  strap-leaf  txirnip,  noupariel 
pea,  rose-colored  China  radish  and  black-seeded 
Simpson  lettuce  have  done  best  with  me  for  fall 
crops. 


On  a  recent  visit  to  the  Virginia  Polytechnic  In- 
stitute I  was  glad  to  learn  that  the  Department  of 
Horticulture,  ilycology  and  Entomology-  had  been 
divided.  Professor  W.  B.  Alwood  was  left  in  charge 
of  mycology  and  entomology,  Professor  H.  L.  Price 
was  put  in  charge  of  horticulture  and  Professor  J.  L. 
Phillips  in  cliarge  of  the  field  work  in  entomology  and 
crop  tests.  The  division  of  this  work  has  been 
needed  for  some  time,  and  now,  that  it  has  come,  we 
look  for  better  things  along  these  lines,  though  the 
work  has  been  good  in  the  past. 

I  was  glad  to  learn  also  from  the  chairman  of 
the  Board  of  Visitors  that  the  several  changes  or 
additions  to  the  course  in  agriculture  that  I  had 
sTiggested  in  a  recent  issue  of  the  Planter  were  the 
Things  the  Board  wanted  to  do.  Now,  if  the  Board 
will  ask  the  Legislature  for  $50,000  for  an  agricul- 
tural building,  instead  of  of  $20,000,  we  can  stand 
on  the  same  platform. 

The  Legislature  gave  $200,000  to  the  Jamestown 
Exposition  to  advertise  what?  To  advertise  how 
long  ^ 

It  gave  nothing  to  increase  the  agricultural  facili- 
ties at  this  institution  for  teaching  the  young  men 
of  the  State  in  its  most  important  industrial  line  for 
a  century.  Our  young  men  are  leaving  the  farms, 
many  old  historic  farms  are  going  to  waste,  the  facili- 
ties for  teaching  young  men  of  the  State  in  agricul- 
ture are  behind  the  times,  and  the  Legislature  let  a 
great  opportunity  go  by. 

Pennsylvania  recently  gave  its  Agricultural  and 
^lechanical  College  $2.50,000  for  an  agi'icultural 
building  and  equipment.  It  has  been  suggested  that 
$20,000  would  do  for  the  Old  Dominion.  What 
think  you,  farmers,  of  the  State  ?  Do  you  want  your 
sons  to  have  the  benefit  of  all  the  latest  devolpments 
in  stock  husbandry,  plant  breeding,  forage  crops, 
soil  improvement,  truck  and  farm  crops,  fertilizers, 
diseases  of  plants,  etc.  ?  Would  you  like  to  see  an 
equipment  in  agricultural  lines  at  this  institution 
that  is  up  to  date  ?  If  so,  sound  your  Representative 
this  fall  before  he  is  elected  as  to  how  he  stands  on 


448 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[July 


this  eqiiipment.  If  the  farmers  waut  such  a  thing 
and  will  ask  for  it  persistently  they  will  get  it.  If 
they  do  not  ask  for  it  the  politicians  are  not  apt  to 
give  it.  Fall  in  line,  farmers  and  horticulturists  of 
the  State,  and  let  us  ask  the  Legislature  for  what  we 
need  to  strengthen  the  agricultural  work  of  the  State. 
Montgomery  county.  R.  H-  Peice. 


FALL  POTATOES. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Other  things  being  e(]ual,  potatoes  planted  from 
the  20th  to  the  -"iOth  of  July  will,  in  this  climate 
(North  Carolina),  yield  more  and  better  potatoes 
than  those  planted  in  early  spring.  Therefore,  they 
should  not  be  planted  in  early  spring  except  for  early 
use  and  the  early  market.  Potatoes  planted  about  the 
20th  of  July  will  mature  in  early  fall  and  may  be 
harvested  about  the  first  appearance  of  frost.  Pota- 
toes thus  grown  will  keep  in  good  condition,  without 
sproiiting  to  hurt,  until  the  time  for  the  next  July 
planting  arrives  Potatoes  grown  from  the  -July 
planting  of  the  previous  year  may  be  used  for  seed 
for  the  early  spring  planting. 

A  clover  or  cow  pea  sod  is  considered  best  for 
potatoes.  If  said  crojjs,  when  seeded,  were  properly 
supplied  with  potash  and  phosphoric  acid  they  have 
drawn  from  iho  air  :i  sufficiency  of  nitrogen  to  serve 
the  potatoes. 

The  drills  may  be  laid  off  three  feet  apart.  A  suit 
able  narrow  plow  may  be  run  several  times  in  the 
bottoms  of  the  drills,  thus  preparing  loose  beds. 

One  half  the  usual  application  of  potash  and  phos- 
phoric acid  may  be  applied  in  the  drills  and  mixed 
with  the  soil,  preferably  a  few  weeks  before  plant- 
ing. The  application  of  fertilizer,  per  acre,  may 
consist  of  70  to  140  pounds  of  muriate  or  sulphate 
of  potash,  or  280  to  560  pounds  of  kainit  in  lieu 
■of  the  muriate  of  ))otash,  and  180  to  -360  pounds  of 
acid  phosphate.  Sulphate  of  potash  is  considered 
preferable  to  cither  muriate  of  potash  or  kainit. 

Large  potatoes  are  considered  best  for  seed.  They 
have  larger  eyes  and  produce  lai'ger  stalks  than 
small  potatoes,  and  consequently  the  yield  is  larger. 
They  may  be  cut  into  pieces  of  two  or  three  eyes 
each.  One  party  recommends  cutting  potatoes  end- 
wise into  quarters  and  planting  Ihe  seed  ends  (the 
ends  that  contain  the  most  eyes)   down. 

Thinmnfj  to  One  Hf'ill: — Proper  tests  have  shown 
that  the  quantity  and  (piality  of  tlie  potatoes  can  be 


.naterially  im])roved  by  thinning  to  one  stalk.  Some 
years  ago  two  adjoining  parcels  of  land  of  about 
equal  fertility  were  planted  to  potatoes.  On  one 
jiarcel  the  potatoes  were  planted  immediately  after 
being  cut.  The  potatoes  for  the  other  parcel  were 
aired  for  several  days,  thus  becoming  much  shrivelled 
before  they  were  planted.  The  result  was  that  the 
parcel  planted  with  freshly-cut  potatoes  produced 
about  double  the  quantity  of  tops  of  the  other  parcel, 
but  at  digging  time  it  was  found  that  the  latter  had 
produced  about  double  the  quantity  of  potatoes.  The 
first  parcel  produced  tops,  the  latter  potatoes. 

It  was  evident  that  said  difference  in  yield  was 
attributable  to  one  of  two  causes :  1.  To  the  effect 
]>roduccd  by  curing  the  potatoes.  2.  To  the  dimin- 
ished number  of  tops,  a  result  of  curing.  If  the  lat- 
ter was  the  cause,  similar  results  could  be  procured 
l)y  thinning  the  plants.  After  proper  tests  I  satisfied 
mvself  that  it  was  the  diminished  number  of  plants 
that  increased  the  yield,  and  that  similar  results  can 
he  procured  In-  thinning  to  one  plant.  After  thinning 
single  plants  will  stand  in  the  drills  eighteen  inches 
apart,  which  I  consider  plenty  close  enough,  pro- 
vided that  the  soil  has  been  properly  fertilized. 

From  that  time  to  the  present  I  have  been  an  ad- 
vocate of  thinning  to  one  stalk.  I  have  had  others  to 
test  the  plan  and  they  all  report  a  material  advantage 
in  fav(U-  of  thinning.  But  a  matter  of  so  much  im- 
portance needs  further  tests  to  determine  the  merits 
of  said  two  points,  especially  the  effect  of  partially 
curing  the    potatoes  before  they  are  planted. 

'I'he  New  York  Experiment  Station  has  recently 
rcjwrted  adversely  on  the  subject  of  thinning  pota- 
toes.   I  suggest  f  urther  tests. 

The  plants  drawn  for  thinning  purposes  can  be 
advantageously  trans])lanted.  I  have  found  them  to 
answer  well. 

Advantages  of  Mu.Jching. — Potatoes  in  this  cli- 
mate, whether  planted  early  or  late,  should  be 
mulched  to  a  proper  depth  with  straw,  leaves  or  other 
litter,  thus  keeping  the  ground  cool  and  moist.  By 
planting  in  midsummer  and  mulching  we  approxi- 
mate in  the  early  fall  tlie  proper  temperature  to  the 
greatest  extent  possible.  ITence,  the  superiority  of 
fall  i)otatoes  over  those  planted  in  early  spring  ma- 
turing in  midsummer  during  the  time  of  our  greatest 
heat.  Bky.vn  Tyson. 

Moore  county,  N.  C. 


When  corresponding  with  advertisers,  kindly  men- 
tion the  Southern  Planter. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER. 


449 


THE  SMALL  "PATCH"  WELL  TILLED. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

The  papers  are  full  of  the  big  men,  who,  working 
on  a  big  scale,  secure  big  results.  There  is  not  enough 
said  of,  or  attention  paid  to,  the  small,  humble  work- 
ers in  our  midst. 

I  want  to  give  you  a  few  "facts,  figures  and 
features"  respecting  a  humble  colored  man  and  his 
"patch"  of  berries.  Herewith  see  a  cut  or  picture 
of  his  humble  cabin  and  a  portion  of  his  "berry 
patch." 

His  cabin  is  almost  hid  in  shrubbery,  the  "ivy  and 
the  vine."  This  is  an  old  "befo'  de  wah"  darky — 
honest,  industrioiis,  hairless  and  toothless.  If  he 
goes  by  "wat  his  mudder  sed"  he  is  three-score  years 
and  ten :  but  if  he  counts  time  or  measures  the  years 
by  the  "fun"  and  "experience"  he  has  had  he's  more 
than  a  "hundred  and  fifty  years  old." 

He  rents  a  little  "jib"  or  "slipe"  or  "triangle"  or 
"patch"  of  one  and  three  quarters  of  an  acre  with  the 
caliin  thereon,  for  the  nominal  sum  of  $30  per  year. 

.\niong  other  crops  he  has  three-qiiarters  of  an 
acre  in  berries.  From  this  three-quarters  otf  an 
acre  he  this  year  sold  sixty  crates  of  berries  (sixty 
quarts  each)  at  the  average  price  of  10  cents  per 
quart. 


After  deducting  all  expenses,  such  as  picking, 
freight,  commission  for  selling,  cost  of  crates,  etc., 
etc.,  and  even  deducting  his  entire  rent  for  the  year, 
the  old  man  has  made  fully  $200  from  the  three- 
foiirths  of  an  acre. 

This  is  a  rather  better  result,  comparatively  speak- 
ing, than  have  been  secured  by  any  of  the  larger  grow- 
ers of  berries.  While  we  have  had  cases,  this  year, 
where  the  berry  growers  have  made  all  the  way  from 
$2,500  clear,  clean  profit,  up  to  $1.5,000,  from  their 
berries,  none  have  made  as  much  from  a  small  patch 
as  the  old  darky  has  made. 

How  this  emphasizes  the  idea  of  the  "little  farm 
well  tilled." 

If  the  old  colored  man,  who  can  neither,  read  nor 
write,  can  secure  such  results  with  his  simple  tools, 
appliances  and  methods,  what  may  not  be  done  with 
skill,  experience,  capital  and  special  fitness  ? 

The  intensive,  thorough  culture  of  small  areas  of 
land  means  not  only  the  prosperity  of  the  indi- 
vidiial,  but  also  oi  the  community,  the  State  and  the 
nation.  A  Jeffkks. 

Norfolk,  Va. 


Wooden  tubs  and  pails  will  keep  moist  better  if 
turned  down  upon  the  cellar  bottom  and  water  poured 
over  them,  filling  the  space  between  the  rim. 


450 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[July 


AMERICAN    POMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY    MEETING. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Will  you  kindly  give  publicity  to  the  following  in 
your  next  issue: 

I  have  received  a  letter  from  Mr.  W.  A.  Taylor, 
Secretary  of  the  American  Pomological  Society, 
stating  that  their  biennial  meeting  will  be  held  in 
Horticultural  Hall,  Boston,  Mass.,  on  September 
10t.h-12tli  next.  He  asks  the  Virginia  State  Horti- 
cultural Society  to  send  a  strong  delegation  to  rep- 
resent Virginia  fruit  interests  on  that  occasion. 

He  further  says:  "Have  you  among  your  mem- 
bership any  fruit  originators  whose  new  varieties  are 
worthy  of  entry  for  the  Wilder  Medal  under  oiir  new 
plan  of  award  ?  If  so,  kindly  send  their  addresses 
and  I  will  mail  them  the  necessary  jlanks,  etc.,  for 
entries.  The  new  plan  is  being  heartily  welcomed 
throughout  the  country  and  it  is  desired  that  fruit 
originators  everywhere  shall  share  in  its  advantages." 

If  any  of  your  readers  have  new  varieties  of  fruits 
'  I  shall  be  glad  to  hear  from  them,  and  would  add  that 
one  of  these  medals  has  already  been  won  by  one  of 
our  prominent  Virginia  Horticulturists  (the  Hon. 
G.  E.  Murrell)  some  four  years  ago.  Let  us  try  to 
capture  another.  Walter  Whately^ 

Secretary  Virginia  State  Horticultural  Society. 

The  following  are  the  members  of  the  delegation 
appointed  to  represent  the  Virginia  State  Horticul- 
tural Society  at  the  bienniel  meeting  of  the  American 
Pomological  Society  in  Boston  on  September  10th- 
12th  next: 

Hon.  Samuel  B.  Woods,  Chai'lottesville,  Albemarle 
county. 

Hon.  George  E.  Murrell,  Foutella,  Bedford 
county. 

Hon.  S.  L.  Lupton,  Winchester,  Frederick  county. 

Hon.  A.  ^1.  Bowman,  Salem,  Roanoke  county. 

Hon.  William  H.  Boaz,  Covesville,  Albemarle 
county. 

Hon.  J.  Thomp.s()n  J'.rown,  Briarfield,  Bedford 
county. 

Professor  J.  L.  Phillips,  State  Entomologist, 
Blacksburg,  Montgoinery  county. 

Mr.  W.  W.  Otey,  Draper,  Pulaski  county. 

Mr.  Walter  Whately,  Crozet,  Albemarle  county. 

T)r.  J.  R.  Guerrant,  Roanoke,  Roanoke  county. 


niencing  my  work  on  the  State  horticultural  exhibit 
for  St.  Louis,  and  I  am  anxious  to  get  specimens  of 
cherries,  berries,  peaches  and  all  other  summer  fruits 
in  quantities  of  from  one  quart  to  two  gallons  to  pre- 
pare in  solution  for  exhibition. 

1  will  appreciate  it  very  much  if  you  will  give 
your  assistance  in  this  matter,  either  by  sending  the 
produce  of  your  own  orchard  or  obtaining  from 
neighbors  and  express  these  fruits  direct  to  me  at 
Richmond,  Va.,  notifying  me  by  postal  of  shipment, 
and  I  will  promptly  prepare  them  and  give  due  credit 
when  on  exhibition  to  the  person  and  section  furnish- 
ing the  same. 

We  want  to  make  the  fruit  exhibit  a  fine  one,  and 
unless  the  fruit  growers  will  give  me  their  cordial  co- 
operation it  will  be  impossible  to  make  it  as  it  should 
be  made.  G.  E.  Muheell, 

Superintendent  Virginia  Commission. 

Capitol  Building,  Eichmond,  Ya. 


THE  FRUIT  EXHIBIT  AT  ST.  LOUIS  EXPOSITION. 

Ediivr  Southern  Planter: 

I   am  now,  along  with  other  departments,   com- 


WHAT  TO  DO  WITH  THE  STRAWBERRY  FIELD 
AFTER  FRUITING. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

The  most  successful  strawberry  growers  plow  up 
their  fields  as  soon  as  the  berries  are  all  gathered 
and  sow  them  in  cowpeas,  thus  putting  the  land  in 
perfect  tilth  to  reset  in  strawberries  the  following 
fall,  winter  or  spring,  as  may  be  most  convenient. 
But  the  vast  majority  of  growers  gather  two,  and 
sometimes  three,  crops  of  berries  from  the  same  field. 
How  to  do  this  successfully  is  the  object  of  this  arti- 
cle. Bar  off  with  a  turning  plow  the  strawberry 
rows,  leaving  unploughed  a  strip  about  afoot  wide 
containing  the  plants.  On  this  strip  chop  out  the 
plants,  leaving  them  about  eighteen  inches  apart.  Al- 
ways leave  young  (1-year-old)  plants  instead  of  old 
ones,  when  possible.  In  this  chopj^ing  out  also  kill 
all  weeds  and  grass.  A  week  or  ten  days  later  sow 
cotton  seed  meal  at  the  rate  of  800  to  1,000  pounds 
an  acre  in  the  furrow  left  on  each  side  of  the  row. 
Then  split  out  the  middles,  throwing  the  earth  closely 
around  the  plants,  but  not  on  them,  or  they  will  be 
smothered. 

Whenever  practicable — though  with  a  large  acre- 
age it  is  not  usually  practicable — it  pays  to  burn  off 
the  field  or  bed  before  barring  ofl'.  To  do  this  mow 
the  foliage  of  the  plants  as  closely  as  possible..  Then 
loosen  up  the  straw  used  as  a  mulch  and  on  a  dry, 
breezy  day,  after  the  mo^\^l  foliage  has  got  dry,  set  fire 
to  the  field  along  the  border  to  windward.  If  there 
is  a  fair  <inantity  of  foliage  or  mulch  the  field  will 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEE. 


451 


burn  quickly  over,  leaving  the  soil  as  clean  as  a  floor. 
Weeds,  seed  and  any  insect  pest  that  may  chance 
to  be  present  will  meet  their  judgment  day,  and  to  a 
novice  the  strawberry  plants  will  seem  to  have  done 
so,  too.     But  seeming  will  be  all. 

In  a  week,  or  earlier  if  it  rains,  in  the  fire-black- 
ened, Sahara-like  field  a  magic  transformation  will 
take  place.  Every  strawberry  plant  will  have  put 
forth  leaves  of  the  most  vivid  and  beautiful  growth. 
The  rows  can  then  be  barred  off,  chopped  out,  ferti- 
lized and  treated  just  as  above  directed. 

Subsequent  cultivation  should  be  the  same  as  for 
young  fields — shallow  ploughing  with  a  small-tooth 
cultivator  and  shallow  hoeing  frequent  enough  to 
kill  all  grass  and  weeds  before  they  come  and  to  keep 
the  crust  on  the  soil  broken.  This  is  all  important, 
as  in  a  dry  time  it  greatly  lessens  evaporation  and 
minimizes  the  effect  of  drought. 

Kittrell,  N.  C.  O.  W.  Biacknai.l. 


HORSE  APPLE. 


Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Replying  to  J.  F.  Hunter's  query  in  your 
issue,  "Will  Horse  Apples  Come  True  from  Seed," 
will  say  that  there  is  no  certainty  of  their  doing  so — 
they  may  and  may  not.  Even  if  they  should  it  would 
be  a  slow  way  of  getting  fruit  from  them.  He  had 
better  send  some  buds  from  his  horse  apple  tree  to  a 
nurseryman  and  have  him  bud  them  on  entire  root 
seedlings. 

We  notice  also  in  the  May  issue  Mr.  W.  F.  Mas- 
sey's  advice  as  to  the  best  privet  for  hedges.  Our 
experience  with  the  different  kinds  of  privet  is  that 
"the  ordinary  California  privet  (Sigustonne  Ooalifo- 
lium)  is  more  desirable  than  the  Amoor  privet  and 
■withstands  the  cold  of  this  climate  better,  though  we 
think  the  latter  is  all  right  for  the  more  Southern 
States.  A.  W.  Wali.is, 

Franklin  Davis  Nursery  Company. 

Baltimore,  Md. 


BETTER  TOBACCO  CAN  BE  GROWN. 

Secretary  Wilson,  of  the  United  States  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  who  recently  visited  the  tobacco 
raising  districts  in  a  mimber  of  the  Southern  States, 
has  made  an  important  announcement.  As  a  result 
of  a  soil  analysis,  the  department  has  found  that  the 
soil  in  parts  of  Texas,  Alabama  and  South  Carolina 


is  identical  with  that  of  Cuba  and  other  countries 
which  grow  the  very  best  qualities  of  the  aromatic 
cigar  tobaccos.  The  department  is  satisfied  that  the 
same  soil  exists  in  Mississippi,  Louisiana  and 
Florida. 

If  the  results  sustain  the  department's  belief,  the 
importance  of  the  discovery  cannot  be  overestimated. 
About  $10,000,000  worth  of  leaf  tobacco  was  im- 
ported from  Cuba  last  year,  and  more  will  be  im- 
ported this  season.  The  department  states  that  the 
Southern  growers  can  raise  a  crop  of  high-class  to- 
bacco as  easily  as  the  cheaper  grades,  which  means 
thev  would  obtain  a  large  increase  in  their  returns. 


A  VIRGINIA  FARMER  ON  VIRGINIA  FARMERS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

I  always  read  the  Southeen  Planter  with  great 
pleasure,  and  I  find  it  a  very  valuable  agricultural 
paper,  especially  in  its  horticutural  notes.  I  love  to 
see  things  gi-ow  well,  properly  and  successfully  in  the 
garden  and  field.  Our  Virginia  farmers  in  general 
know  so  little  about  farming.  Now,  I  assert  this 
with  a  full  knowledge  of  their  obsolete  methods.  I 
have  farmed  all  my  life.  I  owned  and  cultivated  at 
one  time  (I  am  63  years  old)  1,200  acres  of  land.  I 
still  have  lots  to  learn,  but  flatter  myself,  however, 
that  I  am  gathering  agi-icultural  knowledge  from 
experience  and  close  study  of  articles  in  the  South- 
EEJT  Planter,  Practical  Farmer,  and  Green's  Fruit 
Grower.  Our  farmers  don't  study  farming — they 
rely  too  much  on  what  their  daddies  did.  They  don't 
read  the  Planter  and  other  farm  books.  I  have  just 
finished  saving  my  crimson  clover  hay.  The  weather 
was  as  propitious  as  could  have  been  desired.  I  made 
a  fine  yield,  only  a  small  acreage,  but  at  the  rate  of 
1,000  pounds  per  acre.  It  was  beautiful  to  behold. 
I  cut  it  early,  just  in  full  bloom.  By  the  way,  I  am 
tlae  pioneer  in  crimson  clover  in  this  coimty  (Frank- 
lin), introduced  it  about  four  years  ago.  Don't  you 
know  there  are  but  a  handful  of  farmers  in  this 
county  who  ever  saw  it;  and  many  who  never  heard 
of  it.  I  shall  fallow  the  clover  land  at  once,  apply 
acid  phosphate,  plant  in  corn,  and  at  the  last  plowing 
in  August,  resow  in  crimson  clover.  Just  think  of 
it  ?  My  crop  of  hay  is  cut,  cured  and  housed  at  least 
three  weeks  in  advance  of  other  hay  crops.  Oh. 
what  delicious  strawberries  I  am  eating!  My  peas 
are  ready  for  the  table.  Loudon,  Cuthbert  and  black 
raspberries  are  gloriously  progressing.  No  bugs  this 
year.     Potatoes  are  happy.  G.  W.  B.  Hale. 

Franklin  Co.,  Va. 


452 


THE  SOUTHEllX  PLANTEK. 


[July 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy. 


HOG  CHOLERA. 

We  regret  to  say  that  wo  liavc  reports  of  serious 
outbreaks  of  hog  cholera  in  Southern  Virginia.  Many 
farmers  have  lost  all  their  hogs  and  one  subscriber 
■writes  us  that  out  of  forty  he  has  only  seventeen  left. 
We  are  begged  to  give  some  advice  as  to  the  best 
means  of  cheeking  and  preventing  the  disease.  We 
regret  to  say  that  we  are  able  to  do  very  little  in  the 
way  of  help.  Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the 
Bureau  of  iVnimal  Industry  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  at  Washington  has  been  working  on  this 
subject  for  years,  Di".  Salmon  is  able  as  yet  to  give 
only  partial  endorsement  of  any  of  the  various  reme- 
dies tested.  The  most  hopeful  seems  to  be  that  of  in- 
oculation with  an  anti-toxin  serum  and  there  is  still 
considerable  dilticulty  experienced  in  the  preparation 
and  use  of  this  remedy.  In  the  report  of  the  Bureau 
for  3897  Dr.  Salmon  says:  "There  are  biit  two 
methods  of  control  which,  from  our  jiresent  know- 
ledge of  the  contagions  diseases  of  swine,  appear  to 
promise  adeq\iate  results.  One  is  the  old  stamping- 
out  method,  the  slaughter  of  diseased  and  exposed 
animals,  the  quarantine  of  infected  farms  and  the 
disinfection  of  infected  farms  and  all  other  places 
harboring  the  contagion.  The  other  is  the  treatment 
of  diseased  and  exposed  animals  with  anti-toxin 
serum.  *  *  *  Xhe  use  of  anti-toxin  serum  ap- 
pears at  present  to  be  a  much  more  promising  me- 
thod of  diminishing  the  losses  than  the  stamping-out 
process.  *  *  *  ^\q  serum  produced  by  the 
Bureau  in  1897,  when  used  in  affected  herds,  saved 
over  80  per  cent,  of  the  animals.  There  is  no  danger 
connected  with  the  use  of  the  serum,  as  it  is  abso- 
lutely free  from  the  germs  of  the  disease.  It  is  easily 
applied  and  the  good  effects  in  sick  hogs  are  seen 
almost  immediately.  In  reports  made  in  later  years 
down  to  the  last,  Dr.  Salmon  still  expresses  his  con- 1 
fidence  in  this  anti-toxin  serum  as  being  the  best  cure 
and  preventative  yet  discovered ;  but  there  is  still 
considerable  uncertainty  in  results,  arising,  it  is 
thought,  mainly  from  the  difficulty  in  preparing  the 
serum  so  as  tx)  have  it  of  a  iiniformily  protective  and 
curative  character.  Experiments  are  still  being  con- 
tinued to  endeavor  to  overcome  this  difficulty.  Apart 
from  the  use  of  this  serum,  which  wo  should  certainly 
use  in  any  case  of  the  disease,  the  only  other  thing  to 
be  done  is  to  isolate  all  sick  hogs  away  from  the 
healthy  ones,  and  to  be  careful  not  to  allow  any  one 
attending  the  sick  ones  to  go  near  the  healthv  ones. 


The  vards  and  pens  should  be  disinfected  with  cor- 
rosive sublimate  solution  and  all  dead  animals  be 
burned  and  every  ''turkey  buzzard"  seen  should  be 
shot  at  once.  They  carry  the  disease  from  farm  to 
farm. 


MR.  COOPER'S  SALE  OF  JERSEYS. 

We  are  glad  to  see  that  at  the  recent  sale  of  im- 
ported Jerseys,  held  by  Mr.  T.  S.  Cooper,  southern 
breeders  were  amongst  the  best  bidders  and  buyers 
of  the  golden  butter-makers.  Amongst  those  who 
secured  some  of  the  choicest  stock  we  find  the  well- 
known  names  of  Eillston  Earms,  Maryland;  Bilt- 
raore  Farms,  Korth  Carolina,  and  BoAvmont  Earms, 
Virginia.  Fillston  Farms  secured  the  finest  bull, 
•'Forfarshire,"  which  sold  for  $1,750.  Mr.  Swart- 
tout,  who  represented  Fillston,  bought  nine  head  at 
an  average  of  $425.  He  also  bought  the  bull  ^larett's 
Flying  Fox,  whose  dam  was  Charley's  Xiece  (a  prize 
daughter  of  Golden  Lad  2d)  at  a  very  low  figure. 
Among  his  females  the  '"plum"  was  a  daughter  of 
Forfarshire — Forfarshire's  Perfection,  only  23 
months  old,  but  a  beautiful  little  cow  that  gave  nine 
quarts  in  one  milking  the  day  before  the  sale.  Two 
other  daughters  of  Forfarshire  went  to  Filston  Farm, 
one  of  them — Forfarshire's  Bi-own  Lady — being  out 
of  a  daughter  of  Golden's  Fern's  Lad;  besides  two 
elegant  daughters  of  Golden  ^lon  Plaisir.  One  of 
these  Mon  Plaisir  cows.  Golden  Foam,  was  far  ad- 
vanced in  milk  and  due  to  calve  in  August,  or  she 
would  have  brought  more  money.  Her  dam  is  by 
Golden  Lad,  and  she  is,  besides  being  well  bred,  a 
show  cow  all  over.  Her  bull  calf  by  Prince  Xeddy 
(son  of  Golden  Lad's  Champion)  went  to  Frank  H. 
Shore,  Fairmont,  W.  Vt.  The  other  daughter  of  Mon 
Plaisir,  Mon  Plaisir's  Jeanette,  has  also  a  magnifi- 
cent udder  with  good  sized  and  placed  teats.  She  did 
not  bring  so  much  money  simply  because  one  ijf  her 
teats  had  an  extra  opening. 

Another  elegant  cow  secured  by  Filston  Farms 
was  Golden  Bagatelle,  a  daughter  of  Visitor,  P.  2140, 
H.  C,  and  Bagatelle,  P.  65C4,  II.  C.  (now  Golden 
Lad's  Victoria,  a  daughter  of  Golden  Lad  that  sold 
for  $745  in  the  sale  of  1901). 

The  plum  among  the  cows.  Golden  Lad's  Blue 
Belle,  and  her  son  by  Flying  Fox,  went  to  Biltmore 
Farms  for  $1 ,725  and  $580,  respectively.  They  were 
bought  bv  Professor  M.  A.  Scovell,  director  of  the 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER. 


453 


Kentuckv  Experiment  Station  at  Lexington,  who  had 
instrnctions  to  '•buy  them"  without  limit  as  to  price. 
Golden  Lad's  Bine  Belle  is  by  that  ever-popnlar  sire, 
Golden  Lad  2d,  and  out  of  Blue  Belle,  P.  4307,  H. 
C,  a  prize-winning  cow  herself,  and  dam  of  Cau- 
niais  Lad,  who  sired  the  great  bulls  Financial  King 
and  Guenon  Lad.  But  what  probably  attracted  the 
Biltmore  folks  most  was  the  fact  that  she  has  a 
daughter  in  the  Biltmore  herd.  Blue  ISTun,  that  made 
18  pounds  .5^  onces  Iratter  in  seven  days  and  won 
sweepstakes  at  Ohio  State  Pair  for  them,  besides 
other  prizes.  The  son  of  siich  a  finely  bred  and  gi-eat 
individual  cow  as  is  Golden  Lad's  Blue  Belle,  should 
be  a  sire  fit  to  associate  with  the  great  ones  already  at 
Biltmore. 

The  accession  of  such  a  family  as  that  of  JSTun- 
rhorpe's  Fontaine  to  the  Jersey  stables  of  America 
cannot  fail  to  wield  a  great  share  of  influence  in  the 
upward  tendency  of  the  breeding  industry.  Ivlr.  Bow- 
man, of  Bowmout  Farms,  Salem,  Va.,  her  biiyer,  took 
with  her  and  her  granddaughter  four  other  females, 
the  six  head  costing  him  an  average  of  $467.  Among 
them  was  Flying  Fox's  Brown  Queen,  one  of  the 
handsomest  of  the  light  fawns,  that  had  given  nine 
quarts  of  milk  the  night  before  sale — just  a  2-year-old 
with  first  calf.  He  also  got  Flying  Fox's  Sweet 
Daisy  and  Golden  Fern's  Mabelle,  the  latter  a  6- 
year-old  gi'ay  fawn  daughter  of  Golden  Fern's  Lad,  a 
first  prize  winner  over  the  Island,  and  said  to  have 
produced  12  pounds  butter  (Island  weight)  in  seven 
days  before  she  had  a  calf.  She  is  due  early  next 
month  bv  Shv  Fox. 


made  arrangements  with  his  shepherd  to  care  for  the 
sow  and  the  pigs.  As  there  was  an  abundance  of 
skim  milk  this  was  given  her  without  cost,  but  all 
grain  fed  was  charged  for  at  market  prices.  From 
this  single  investment  she  cleared  $!>0  the  first  year, 
$200  the  second  and  $300  the  third  year.  By  this 
time  the  stock  had  so  increased  in  numbers  as  to  out- 
grow its  quarters,  and  was  proving  so  profitable  that 
Dr.  Webb  thought  it  advisable  to  buy  her  out.  So  at 
the  end  of  the  fourth  year  he  took  over  the  stock  at 
mai'ket  prices  and  gave  her  a  check  for  $700.  From 
this  start  the  present  piggery  has  been  developed, 
which  is  the  most  profitable  department  of  the  place. 
The  past  year  200  pigs  were  sold,  averaging  2.50 
to  300  pounds  in  weight  and  bring  one-half  cent  per 
pound  more  than  the  ruling  market  prices,  because  of 
the  superior  conditions  under  which  they  are  kept. 


POLAND  CHINA  HOGS. 


At  a  recent  sale  of  Poland  China  hogs  at  Pekin, 
111.,  a  sow  and  litter  of  nine  pigs  sold  for  $2,000, 
and  the  whole  herd  sold  for  $13,535. 

Such  prices  as  these  confirm  the  Irishmaii's  de- 
scription of  his  hog  as  the  "Gintleman  that  pays  the 
rint." 


THE  HOG  AS  A  MONEY-MAKER. 

The  fol]o^^•ing,  taken  from  Country  Life  in  Amer- 
ica, shows  what  has  been  done  by  a  girl : 

Six  years  ago  a  daughter  of  Dr.  W.  Seward  Webb, 
in  order  to  show  her  business  ability  and  to  obtain  a 
little  additional  pocket  money,  took  a  little  "flyer" 
in  stock  breeding  on  Shelburne  Farms,  Dr.  Webb's 
country  seat  at  Lake  Champlain.  She  invested  $20 
in  a  brood  sow,  and,  with  her  father's  permission,. 


THE  BERKSHIRE  HOG. 


Ediinr  Southern   Plnntev: 

I  do  not  say  it  because  I  am  a  breeder  of  pure-bred 
Berkshire  hogs,  but  my  judgment,  guided  by  the  light 
of  experience,  is  that  for  the  average  farmer  in  the 
Virginias  and  Carolinas  there  is  more  net  profit  in 
raising  hogs  than  any  other  stock  produced  on  the 
farm. 

Berkshires  have  been,  and  are  still,  considered 
"mortgage  raisers"  in  many  of  the  Western  and 
Xortliwestern  States,  although  some  persons  have  the 
mistaken  idea  that  it  is  a  small  breed.  As  all- 
round  hogs  and  for  general  purposes  they  have  no 
equals.  For  quality  of  meat  and  its  flavor,  for  early 
maturity,  for  capacity  to  take  on  flesh  at  any  age  and 
size,  as  well  as  the  ability  to  make  their  own  living, 
where  others  would  fair  badly,  the  Berkshires  are 
an  ideal  hog. 

They  can  be  made  to  weigh,  with  good  treatment, 
250  pounds  at  fi  months  of  age,  while  the  average 
fai-mer  is  well  satisfied  to  get  200  pounds  at  the  end 
of  fifteen  months.  Let  any  of  your  readers  good  at 
arithmetic  calculate  the  cost  of  the  keep  and  he  will 
have  the  net  profit. 

I  now  liave  several  Berkshire  sows,  in  stock  order 
only,  that  will  weigh  between  500  and  600  pounds. 
I  wish  I  could  induce  farmers  in  general  to  give 
more  attention  to  hog  raising. 

It  is  an  indispensable  department  of  mixed  hu-- 
bandry.  S.  Brown  Ai.i.en. 

Augusta  county,  Va. 


454 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[July 


JAPAN  CLOVER  AND  MILCH  COWS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

In  answer  to  your  North  Caroline  correspondent  in 
regard  to  Japan  clover  fattening  cattle  and  decreasing 
milk  flow,I  have  to  say  that  I  tested  Japan  clover 
in  1002  a  full  season  with  from  seven  to  ten  cows, 
and  my  experience  and  observation  is  that  the  fault 
is  in  the  cow  and  not  the  clover.  No  first-class  milch 
cow  will  lay  on  excessive  fat  on  any  kind  of  "ration," 
but  one  inclined  to  beef  will  grow  fat  on  Japan  clover 
and  decrease  in  milk.  My  cows  had  no  additional 
feed  and  some  of  them  went  to  the  butcher  from  the 
pasture.  The  meal  that  your  subscriber  fed  his  cows 
only  helped  the  clover  to  fatten  and  cut  down  the  milk 
flow.  A  cow  that  will  grow  fat  on  a  well  balanced 
ration  for  milk  should  go  to  the  butcher  as  soon  as  the 
test  has  been  made.  It  will  not  pay  at  any  time  or 
under  any  circumstances,  to  feed  any  cow  for  milk 
and  butter  if  she  persists  in  putting  on  beef.  Your 
correspondent  can  get  milk  cows  that  will  not  get  fat 
on  Japan  clover  or  decrease  in  milk  flow  from  eating 
it  exclusively.  .  .      .  .John  M.  Gibbs. 

Iredell  count i/,  N.  C. 


MONEY  IN  SHEEP  IN  EASTERN  VIRGINIA. 

A.  H.  Lindsay,  an  all-round  farmer,  who  has  a 
large  farm  ten  miles  south  of  Norfolk,  keeps  a  flock 
of  600  to  700  head  of  sheep,  mostly  of  the  Southdown 
and  Shropshire  breed,  and  never  feeds  them  a  pound 
of  grain,  but  allows  them  to  run  on  tame  and  wild 
grass  patches  during  the  siimmer  season.  Mr.  Lind- 
say raises  several  hundred  acres  of  wheat  and  rye, 
four  or  five  hundred  acres  of  potatoes,  and  after  the 
rye  and  wheat  are  cut  and  the  potatoes  dug  he  plants 
the  land  to  corn  for  a  second  crop,  and  after  he  is 
through  cultivating  the  corn  sows  therein  fall  rye  in 
one  place  and  turiiij)s  and  rutabagas  in  another  and 
rape  still  in  another.  When  the  summer  pastures  are 
short  he  lets  the  sheep  into  the  corn-fields  thus  pre- 
])ared  and  change.s  them  about  from  one  field  to  an- 
other, allowing  them  to  feed  on  these  green  vegetables 
and  rye  until  spring,  when  the  sheep  come  out  as 
fat  as  butter.  The  corn  is  gathered  right  along  while 
the  sheep  are  feeding  in  the  fields,  there  being  so 
much  feeding  in  the  fields  the  sheep  never  disturb  the 
corn.  Aloreover,  the  corn  stalks  are  so  tall  and  the 
ears  so  high  from  the  ground  there  is  no  danger  of 
the  sheep  getting  them:  These  sheep  run  any^vhere 
and  everywhere  through  the  corn  fields  until  the  grass 
comes  in  the  tame  grass  pastures  in  the  spring.  In 
this  way  the  foul  weeds  are  kept  do^vn  and  the  land 


is  improved  in  richness.  He  arranges  his  breedings 
so  as  to  have  lambs  come  from  the  1st  of  October  until 
April,  as  there  is  no  danger  of  loss  by  cold  weather 
during  the  winter  season.  October  lambs  are  mar- 
keted about  March  1st  and  the  balance  along  later  on 
until  July  1st,  always  bringing  the  top  prices  on  the 
market. 

Mr.  Lindsay  sold  this  last  March  100  head  of  Octo- 
ber lambs  in  one  bunch  to  a  dealer  in  Washington,  D. 
C,  at  $5  per  head  net  to  him,  and  it  is  safe  to  say 
they  didn't  cost  50  cents  each  to  raise  them. 

This  is  only  what  one  man  can  do  and  what  every 
Virginia  farmer  ought  to  do,  for  sheep  are  a  better 
farm  fertilizer  than  any  that  was  ever  manufactured 
or  discovered  and  beat  all  commercial  fertilizers  ever 
used  as  a  money  maker. 

Farmers,  study  this  point ;  you  can  make  money  by 
following  this  man's  example.  The  sale  of  the  wool 
from  the  sheep  will  twice  pay  for  the  keeping,  besides 
selling  spring  lambs  and  mutton  during  the  season. — 
( 'orniicopia. 


STOCK  SALE  AT  ORANGE,  VA. 

We  can  assure  readers  of  the  Southern  Planter 
wkho  may  attend  the  sale  on  the  30th  of  July  at 
Orange,  Va.,  advertised  in  this  issue,  that  they  will 
have  the  opportunity  of  buying  some  well-bred  stock, 
seeing  a  very  charming  country  and  attending  a  well- 
conducted  show  of  high-class  horses,  three  factors  in 
a  very  enjoyable  outing. 


POINTERS  ON  FEED. 


Professor  W.  J.  Kennedy  says  in  New  York 
Farmer : 

Alfalfa  hay  is  the  best  kind  of  fodder  a  farmer  can 
feed  to  his  young  stock,  dairy  cows  and  fattening 
cattle.  It  is  rich  in  both  protein  and  ash,  and  thus 
balances  corn.     Clover  hay  is  good. 

Bran  is  an  excellent  feed,  except  for  young  hogs ; 
it  is  too  bulky  for  them. 

The  by-products  of  the  glucose  factory,  such  as 
gluten  meal,  are  exceptionally  good  feeds  to  mix  with 
corn. 

Cottonseed  meal  and  oil  meal  serve  the  same  pur- 
poses. 

Dried  blood  is  the  richest  food  we  have  in  protein. 

The  tankage  products  are  excellent  feeds  to  add  to 
corn  for  swine  feeding. 

For  calf-feeding  purposes  flaxseed  meal  should  be 
added  to  skimmed  milk. 

Feeders  must  feed  more  protein  foods.  They  must 
also  feed  less  corn  and  lighter  grain  rations. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKIT  PLANTER. 


455 


The  Poultry  Yard. 


NUX  VOMICA  FOR  HAWKS. 

Editor  Soutliern   Planter: 

In  your  issue  for  June,  1903,  I  see  under  discus- 
sion the  old  question  of  feeding  nux  vomica  to  young] 
fowls  to  destroy  hawks. 

When  a  young  man  1  was  a  devoted  admirer  and 
breeder  of  game  fowls  (pit),  and  I  sometimes  had 
as  many  as  tifty  "stags"  on  rural  "walks"  in  the 
territory  covered  by  Gaston  and  contiguous  counties 
in  North  Carolina.  Naturally  the  loss  of  young 
birds  from  hawks  was  very  great  in  such  a  thinly 
populated  region  as  this  was  in  1878-1879,  and  I 
made  many  unsuccessful  efforts  to  check  it  before  I 
tried  nux  vomica.  The  idea  was,  I  believe,  given 
me  by  some  medical  colleague  of  that  county,  and  it 
was  at  once  successful.  It  is  true  that  most  of  my 
stags  were  placed  out  with  negroes  so  ignorant  as  to 
call  the  drug  "ox  vomit,"  but  the  sum  of  the  testi- 
mony was  far  too  great  to  allow  miich  for  the  factor 
of  ignorance  on  the  part  of  my  observers.  It  was  the 
unanimo\is  testimony  of  all  that  if  a  chicken  hawk 
ever  fed  on  a  young  "Shawl  neck"  or  "War  horse" 
that  had  been  fed  on  nux  vomica  that  morning,  the 
hawk  never  returned.  There  is  no  mystery  con- 
nected with  this  result  if  we  consider  the  following 
facts : 

The  evolution  of  the  bird  under  the  life  conditions 
imposed  on  this  earth,  as  we  know  it,  would  bring 
among  the  first  variations  a  difference  in  feeding 
habits.  Some  would  in  the  struggle  naturally  con- 
centrate upon  the  vegetable  seeds  and  grain  foo'ds, 
others  would  tiirn  to  insect  life,  others  more  pre- 
dacious, adapted  themselves  to  freshly  killed  flesh  of 
other  birds  or  animals,  while  some,  once  above  such 
things,  woTild  satisfy  themselves  with  putrid  flesh. 

These  things  did  not  all  come  in  a  day,  and  hence 
the  first  of  the  above  groups  became  in  time  accus- 
tomed to,  and  hence  immune  to,  the  influence  of  any 
alkaloids  or  other  poisons  which  might  occur  in  the 
seeds  and  grain  of  their  range,  while  even  the  last 
named  would  in  time  acquire  freedom  from  the  ills 
which  others  suffer  from  ingesting  the  ptomaines  and 
other  decomposition  products  of  putrid  flesh.  In 
other  words,  vegetable  feeders  became  tolerant  of 
vegetable  poisons,  and  flesh  feeders  indifferent  to  the 
toxins  of  flesh,  while  each  is  still  more  or  less  sus- 
ceptible to  the  influence  of  things  unaccustomed. 

In  using  the  poison  it  is  best  to  use  the  crude  drug 
in  place  of  the  active  principles,  for  the  reasons  set 
forth  below.  The  nux  vomica  of  the  druggist  is  the 
powdered  seed  of  a  small  tree  (strychnos  nux 
vomica)  growing  in  India,  and  from  this  same  but- 
ton or  seed  the  alkaloid  strychnine  is  obtained.     The 


first  is  slowly  absorbed,  while  the  latter,  notwith- 
standing its  relative  insolubility  among  alkaloids, 
would  soon  pass  into  the  general  circulation  and 
tissues. 

The  chicken  hawk  of  the  South  is  nine  times  out 
of  ten  Cooper's  hawk  (Accipeter  cooperi),  and 
with  their  genus  it  is,  fortunately  for  our  purpose, 
the  habit  of  the  thief  to  eviscerate  its  prey,  and  bolt 
the  entrails  at  the  first  resting  place  on  his  toilsome 
homeward  flight.  Bring  down  any  of  the  Falconidce 
as  they  reach  their  nests  with  prey,  and,  as  a  rule, 
you  will  find  the  prey  "stripped." 

As  regards  the  susceptibility  of  the  guinea  fowl 
mentioned,  I  know  nothing  of  the  facts — a  guinea 
may  be  killed  with  strychnine,  but  as  a  graminiv- 
orous bird  he  shoTild  carry  safely  enough  to  kill  a 
hawk.  A  spring  chicken  will  carry  morphine  enough 
to  kill  the  man  that  eats  him  entire. 

One  fact  in  connection  with  the  guinea  is  sugges- 
tive, however.  He  is,  as  the  name  indicates,  from 
the  west  coast  of  Africa,  where,  as  far  as  I  know,  the 
strychnine  and  brucine  bearing  Longoniacoea  are 
unknown,  while  our  fowls,  all  varieties  of  the  Indian 
jungle  fowl  (Gallvs  bankiva),  originated  on  the  soil 
where  we  find  strychnine  bearing  plants  most  abun- 
dant. 

The  duck,  even  in  the  domestic  state,  is  not 
strictly  graminivorous,  and  we  woitld  expect  small 
doses  of  any  poisonous  alkaloid  to  give  him  trouble. 
(Dr.)  P.  B.  Bakeinger. 

University  of  Virginia. 


PRECOCIOUS  CHICKENS. 

Mrs.  Bellwood,  of  Drewry's  Bluff,  Va.,  had  a 
brood  of  Plymouth  Rock  chickens  hatched  on  the 
25th  of  January,  190-3.  One  of  the  pullets  of  this 
brood  commenced  to  lay  in  the  first  week  of  May  and 
is  still  laying.  It  is  not  often  that  one  hears  of 
pullets  laying  when  less  than  four  months  old,  but 
this  particular  one  actually  laid  when  only  a  little 
more  than  three  months  of  age. 


PRESERVING  EGGS. 

Use  one  quart  water  glass  and  nine  quarts  water 
to  preserve  eggs.  Put  fresh  eggs  in  a  wooden,  stone 
or  glass  vessel,  and  cover  with  this  solution.  Water 
glass  a  year  old  is  all  right  to  use,  if  the  vessel  con- 
taining it  has  been  kept  tightly  closed. 


456 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLAXTER. 


[July 


The    Horse. 


HACKNEYS  IN  VIRGINIA. 

Of  all  Virginia  breeders  not  one  has  probably 
ever  labored  more  unselfishly,  and  that  on  a  large 
scale,  too,  to  advance  the  horse  interest  in  the  State 
than  the  Hon.  Henry  Fairfax,  owner  of  the  noted 
Oak  Hill  Farm,  near  Aldie,  Loudoun  county,  who 
imported  the  famous  hackney  stallion.  Matchless,  of 
Londsboro,  from  England,  in  1888,  and  later  sold 
him  to  Dr.  W.  Seward  Webb,  of  Vermont,  for 
$15,000.  Apart  from  his  extensive  breeding  estab- 
lishment, Mr.  Fairfax  has  played  a  prominent  part  in 
public  life  for  years  past,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate,  member  of  the  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion and  chairman  of  its  Finance  Committee,  and  is 
now  one  of  the  State  Corporation  Commission,  which 
is  one  of  the  most  important  otfices  in  the  State  Gov- 
ernment. Breeding  horses  began  at  Oak  Hill  at  an 
earlier  date,  of  course,  biit  the  personal  selection  in 
England  of  Matchless  by  Mr.  Fairfax,  and  his  im- 
portation of  the  wonderfully  potent  stallion,  was  the 
master  stroke  that  brought  fame  and  fortune  to  the 
farm  as  the  home  of  fine  harness  horses.  In  the  be- 
ginning neighboring  fanners  were  allowed  to  breed 
their  mares  to  Matchless  and  other  stallions  at  Oak 
Hill  on  the  most  liberal  terms,  oftentimes  no  service 
being  charged,  but  simply  an  option  taken  on  the 
foal  at  weaning  time.  Then,  too,  premiums  were 
oii'ered  for  the  get  of  the  Oak  Hill  sires,  all  of  which 
encouraged  and  served  likewise  to  promote  an  inte- 
rest that  has  since  grown  into  an  industry  of  vast 
benefit  to  all  that  section. 


Matchless  Dane,  chestnut  horse,  7,  by  Matchless 
of  Londsboi'o,  dam  Lady  Fife,  by  Danegelt,  is  the 
stallion  now  in  use  at  Oak  Hill.  He  has  fine  size, 
good  looks  and  impressive  action.  The  farm  mares, 
some  twenty  in  number,  were  all  mated  with  him  this 
season,  while  others  of  real  class  were  received  from 
northern  owners.  A  number  of  the  Oak  Hill  matrons 
are  trotting  bred  and  these,  mated  with  hackney  sires, 
have  produced  some  great  high-acting  harness  horses. 
The  grand  old  imported  mare.  Go,  is  a  fixture  on 
the  farm  and  well  she  may  be,  because  her  produce 
sold  from  the  place,  not  including  a  couple  of  foals 
that  died,  have  brought  the  snug  sum  of  $21,650, 
among  them  being  the  3-year-old  registered  hackney 
Firey  Dane,  by  Danegelt,  purchased  last  fall  by  Jas. 
Hobart  Moore,  of  Chicago,  for  $10,000.  It  was  the 
intention  of  Mr.  Fairfax  to  reserve  Firey  Dane 
for  the  stud.  Go  was  sired  by  Triffett's  Fireaway, 
and  is  probably  the  only  daughter  of  that  stallion 
in  America.     There  were  seventeen  foals  dropped  at 


Oak  Hill  this  season  and  among  them  are  some  that 
represent  the  rirhest  hackney  strains  of  blood  in  this 
country. 

Whalebone,  the  son  of  Abdallah  Wilkes  and  Mag- 
gie O.,  by  Abdallah,  15,  has  been  well  patronized 
this  season,  and  the  list  of  well  bred  matrons  sent  to 
his  court  includes  Lucania,  by  Woodbourn  Ham- 
letoniau,  one  of  the  best  bred  sons  of  Balmont ;  Kitsy 
Blue,  by  Victor  Blue,  son  of  the  noted  Oakland  Bam, 
2  :0!t-},  and  Chautauqua  Belle,  by  Henry  Coalter,  son 
of  Xorfolk,  the  sire  of  Miss  Xelson,  2  ill^.  The  get 
of  Whalebone  all  have  fine  size  along  with  rich  color, 
and  are  of  tractable  dispositions. 

Peter  Fard,  the  brown  colt,  by  Aloha,  dam  Emi- 
nence, l^y  imp.  Kyrle  Daly,  bred  and  owned  by 
Robert  Bradley,  of  the  Greenway  Farm,  Wilcox 
Wharf,  Va.,  is  the  best  two  year  old  that  has  shown 
up  this  season.  He  has  been  winning  right  along  in 
good  company  since  the  season  opened  with  the  Jockey 
Chib  spring  meeting  at  Washington,  and  is  now  at 
Chicago,  where  he  has  been  a  prominent  figure  at  the 
Harlem  and  Hawthorne  meetings.  Susie  Christian, 
by  AVyalusing,  dam  Gift,  by  imp.  Charaxus,  is  an- 
other good  two  year  old  in  the  Bradley  stable.  Aloha, 
the  thoroughbred  son  of  imp.  St.  IMungo,  got  Robert 
Waddell,  the  American  Derbv  winner  at  Chicago  in 
1901. 

At  Xorth  Bend  Farm,  which  is  near  Phillis,  Meck- 
lenburg county,  Va.,  Mr.  Charles  A.  Birnie,  has  the 
California  bred  trotting  stallion  Anteneer,  16316, 
and  the  good-looking  son  of  Eros  and  Ante,  by  An- 
teco,  is  doing  nicely.  Eros  and  Anteco  are  both  sons 
of  Electioneer,  hence  Anteneer  is  inbred  to  that 
famous  son  of  Hambeltouian,  10. 

Lizzie  H.,  full  sister  to  the  great  race  horse  Morello, 
by  Eolus,  dam  Cerise,  by  imp.  Moccasin,  one  of  the 
choicest  bred  mares  in  the  Ellerslie  stud  of  R.  J. 
Hancock  iS:  Son,  Charlottesville,  Va.,  foaled  on  June 
4th,  a  brown  or  black  colt  by  imp.  Fatherless,  and 
was  bred  back  to  that  son  of  Isonomy.  This  pa- 
trician bred  yoimgster  has  been  christened  Ian. 

Eon,  by  Eolus,  out  of  famous  War  Song,  by  War 
Dance,  heads  the  Ellerslie  Stud,  and  he  has  a  stud 
companion  of  rare  breeding  in  imp.  Fatherless,  the 
English  bred  son  of  Isonomy  and  Orphan  Agnes,  by 
Speculum.     The  oldest  of  the  get  of  Fatherless  are 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERI^r  PLANTEE. 


457 


•onlv  Yearlings,  but  Eon  is  credited  with  a  number  of 
winners,  fonr  of  them  capturing  over  $20,000  in 
1902.  Ellerslie  is  the  most  noted  of  modern  Vir- 
ginia thoroughbreed  breeding  establishments,  and 
Eon,  who  was  bred  there,  is  one  of  the  grandest  look- 
ing thoroughbred  stallions  ever  stripped.  The  full 
brothers  Aurus  and  Aureus,  by  Eolus,  are  also  in  the 
stud  at  Ellerslie.  Their  dam  is  Sample,  by  imp. 
Rotherhill. 

In  a  match  race  at  the  Deep  Run  Hunt  Club  mile 
track,  on  June  15th,  lietween  the  pacers  Fern,  owned 
by  Luther  Libby,  and  Smith  O'Brien,  the  property 
of  J.  C.  Cheatwood,  the  former  won  in  straight  heats, 
time  2:19  1-4,  2:18  3-4,  2:22  1-4.  Fern  is  a  bay 
mare  by  Petoskey,  dam  Mannie,  by  Ajas,  and  Smith 
O'Brien  is  a  brown  gelding  by  Aparka,  dam  Ada  M., 
by  Corsair.  On  the  same  day  Senator  Little,  the 
brown  gelding,  by  Wilton,  dam  Ximena  Wilkes,  by 
Wilkes  Boy,  to  decide  a  wager,  trotted  a  mile  against 
time  in  2  :27  1-2. 

The  well-known  Virginian,  Algernon  Daingerfield, 
foi-merly  a  contributor  to  this  journal,  has  been  ap- 
pointed assistant  secretary  of  the  Jockey  Club.  Xew 
York.  ^Ir.  Daingertield  is  a  son  of  Major  Foxhall 
A.  Daingerfield,  manager  of  the  famous  Castleton 
Stud,  Lexington,  Ky.,  and  a  nephew  of  the  multi- 
millionaire James  R.  Keene,  owner  of  Castleton. 
The  position  to  which  Mr.  Daingerfield  has  been 
elected  is  an  important  one,  and  while  his  title  is  that 
of  assistant  secretary,  the  duties  of  the  office  really 
.devolve  on  him. 

C.  A.  Pusey,  one  of  the  veterans  of  the  trotting 
turf,  who  took  Lona  Girffin,  2:23  1-4,  do\\ii  the  Grand 
Circuit  in  the  early  eighties,  and  since  been  promi- 
nently identified  with  trotters  and  pacers,  is  now 
quartered  at  Glen  Lea  Farm,  near  the  city,  and  is 
working  the  brown  gelding  Hiiknan,  2  :20,  and  others 
for  speed.  Among  other  well  known  horses  trained 
and  driven  during  recent  years  by  Pusey  may  be  men- 
tioned such  good  ones  as  Mosul,  2 :09  1-4 ;  Rustier, 
2:15  1-4;  Firewood,  2:17  1-4,  aUd  Little  B/e>tz, 
2  :23  1-4. 

ji     jt     jn 

The  Foxhall  Farm,  Xorfolk,  Va.,  has  sold  to  John 
!McGuire,  ^NTew  York,  the  speedy  trotters  Baron  Wood, 
2:15  1-4,  by  Baron  Posey,  and  Princess  Kenton, 
2 :32  1-4,  by  Great  Stakes,  dam  Lady  Kenton,  by 
Hambeltonian  Manbrino.  The  latter  is  six  years 
old,  and  was  driven  a  mile  in  2 :19  1-4  before  the  sale. 

Bishop  Wilmer,  the  bay  colt  one  year  old,  bred  and 
owned  at  Plain  Dealing  Farm,  near  Scottsville,  Va., 
is  a  good-looking  youngster,  and  should  make  a  trot- 


ter with  age  and  development.  He  is  a  son  of  Vir- 
ginia Chief,  and  Flora  Jefferson,  by  Bay  Diamond, 
soti  of  Mambrino  Patchen.  The  handsomest  three 
year  old  at  Plain  Dealing  and  one  of  the  best  looking 
to  be  seen  at  any  breeding  establishment  is  Flora 
Allerton,  chestnut  fiUy,  3,  by  AUerton,  dam  Flora 
•Jefferson.  The  filly  was  bred  by  C.  W.  Williams, 
owner  of  Allerton. 

Xorfolk  has  joined  the  circuit  of  Virginia  Horse 
Shows,  and  will  follow  Richmond,  the  dates  chosen 
lieing  October  I9th  to  23d.  The  show  will  be  held 
at  the  Fair  Grounds,  and  the  mammoth  steel  build- 
ing there  formerly  used  for  exhibition  purposes  has 
been  secured.  The  ^ISTorfolk  show  will  be  held  on  a 
large  scale,  and  will  prove  a  great  success. 
^     ^      ^ 

Diomed,  winner  of  the  first  English  Derby 
in  1780,  wa.s  brought  to  Virginia  when  twenty- 
two  years  old,  and  $1,000  was  paid  for  the  noted  son 
of  Florizel  and  the  sister  to  Juno,  daughter  of  Spec- 
tator. The  chestnut  stallion  died  in  1808  the  prop- 
erty of  Colonel  Hoomes,  when  thirty-one  years  old, 
and  left  an  imperishable  renown.  Diomed  must 
Iiave  been  a  horse  of  unusual  vigor,  because  he  had 
reached  the  age  to  vote  when  brought  to  this  country, 
yet  the  voyage  of  thirty  days  and  tossing  about  in  a 
sailing  vessel  did  affect  his  spirits  and  he  landed  full 
of  life.  The  fate,  however,  of  two  other  winners  of 
this  classic  event  of  the  English  turf  was  very  dif- 
ferent, as  Bhie  Gown,  winner  of  the  ninetieth  Derby, 
and  Kingcraft,  hero  of  the  ninety-second,  who  were 
purchased  by  American  breeders,  both  died  on  the 
journey  over,  though  they  were  shipped  on  a  steam- 
ship in  comparative  luxury.  The  cost  of  Diomed 
presents  a  strong  contrast  to  the  $10,500  and  $150,- 
000,  paid  respectively  by  Charles  Reed  for  imp.  St. 
Blaise,  and  W.  B.  ^IcDonough  for  imp.  Ormonde. 
The  last  named  horses  are  the  only  other  Derby  win- 
ners that  ever  landed  in  this  country  alive,  with  the 
exception  of  Diomed  and  St.  Giles,  yet  the  son  of 
Florizel  proved  more  valuable  than  both  of  them  put 
together,  for  he  sired  Sir  Archy,  the  Emperor  of 
American  stallions,  who,  in  turn,  got  Timoleon,  and 
from  his  sons  came  the  famous  Boston,  sii'e  of  the 
immortal  Lexington.  Sir  Archy,  Timoleon  and  Bos- 
ton were  all  bred  in  Virginia.  Begad  Rock. 
..St      .jt      ^ 

Sale  of  Ellerslie,  Virginia,  Yearlings. 

The  Ellerslie  yearlings  (20  head)  sold  at  Grave- 
send,  X.  Y.,  on  June  12th,  for  sixteen  thousand  eight 
hundred  ($16,800)  dollars,  an  average  of  eight  htm- 
dred  and  forty  dollars  per  head.  This  shows  what 
Alljemarle  grit  and  grass  will  do.  Mr.  J.  S.  Stark's 
Red  Reynard,  by  imp.  Fatherless,  dam  Miss  Rhodie, 
brought  one  thousand  dollars. 


458 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLANTER. 


[July 


Miscellaneous. 


THE  ACTION  OF  POISON  ON  BIRDS  AND  ANIMALS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

As  the  nux  vomica  question  is  practically  settled,  I 
hope  I  may  be  pardoned  for  contributing  an  addi- 
tional mite. 

The  late  Judge  Pressly,  of  this  State,  once  publish- 
ed an  article  in  the  Southern  Cultivator,  stating  that 
he  had  used  it  (nux  vomica)  with  great  effect  for 
years.  He  could  not  say  that  it  killed  the  hawks, 
but  that  they  disappeared  and  did  not  return  for  a 
long  time.  He  also  quoted  Mr.  M.  Pankerin,  a  dis- 
tinguished chemist  of  Charleston,  as  saying  that  the 
poison  was  only  effective  upon  such  of  the  feathered 
tribe  as  came  into  this  world  with  their  eyes  closed. 
Tliis,  I  note,  does  not  agree  with  the  opinion  of  any 
of  vour  correspondents. 

Xow,  as  to  certain  animals  being  immune  from 
certain  poisons,  I  can  state  of  my  own  knowledge  that 
a  hog  cannot  be  injured  by  strychnine.  Have  fed  it 
to  them  myself,  and  a  good  many  years  since,  when 
the  negroes  in  a  certain  part  of  Georgia  would  not 
allow  the  farmers  to  own  a  hog,  the  latter  were  driven 
to  the  expedient  of  using  strychnine,  and  it  is  on  re- 
cord that  one  morning  a  negro  family  failed  to  show 
up,  and  examination  revealed  the  fact  that  they  had 
gone  to  the  next  world,  and  the  remainder  of  the  hog 
was  found  in  the  house.  The  effect  is  said  to  last 
about  three  weeks,  a  teaspoonful  to  one  dozen  hogs. 
As  the  hog  in  his  natural  state  kills  and  eats  rattle- 
snakes, he  must  be  proof  against  other  forms  of 
poison.  Likewise,  arsenic,  so  fatal  to  many  animals, 
is  a  first  class  tonic  for  dogs.  I  have  seen  living  dog 
skeletons  made  fat  enough  in  a  few  weeks  to  work  up 
into  sausages  by  one  dose  of  arsenic — i.  e.,  a  teaspoon- 
ful. Have  poisoned  rabbits  with  arsenic,  and  they 
were  eaten  by  minks  without  ill-effect.  I  remember 
the  case  of  one  party  using  nux  vomica  on  his  fowls 
who  found  an  owl  of  the  heaviest  calibre  unable  to 
make  an  attempt  to  escape,  and  so  continued  to  live 
for  some  time.  My  idea  is  that  instinct  or  common 
sense  teaches  them  to  boycott  a  territory  where  the 
diet  is  not  suitable,  or  they  find  the  natives  can  "go 
one  better."  Senex. 

Beaufort  Co.,  S.  C. 


SOME  GOOD  SOUTHERN  RECORDS. 

The  agriculture  of  the  South,  as  well  as  that  of  the 
Xorth,  can  show  some  good  records.  Those  who  have 
formed  their  ideas  of  Southern  agriculture  from  the 
reports  of  methods  practiced  and  results  obtained  by 


the  average  or  poorer  class  of  farmers  will  doubtless 
be  surprised  at  some  of  the  following  records  given 
by  the  Practical  Earmer,  in  reply  to  an  Ohio  writer : 
'  While  there  is  more  general  good  farming  in  Ohio, 
it  is  not  the  only  place  where  good  farming  is  done. 
Even  in  the  poor  South  there  are  farmers  who  need 
not  be  ashamed  of  what  they  are  doing.  We  suppose 
that  even  in  the  "agriculturally  prosperous  Nortn"  a 
crop  of  40  1-2  bushels  of  wheat  per  acre  would  be  con- 
sidered a  fine  croj)  over  an  80-acre  field.  And  yet 
this  crop  was  made  down  in  North  Carolina  on  a 
clover  sod  by  the  late  Governor  Holt.  Thirty  bushels 
of  wheat  per  acre  from  seed  sown  the  middle  of  De- 
cember, after  a  crop  of  $50  per  acre  had  been  taken 
from  the  field  the  year  before,  does  not  look  like  bad 
farming.  And  yet  ^Ir.  Dautridge,  of  Edgecombe 
county,  X.  C,  did  this  after  getting  $50  worth  of 
cotton  per  acre  from  the  field.  We  suppose  that  75 
bushels  of  oats  per  acre  would  be  thought  a  fine  crop 
even  in  Ohio,  and  yet  this  crop  was  made  in  North 
Carolina,  and  the  man  who  raised  it  cut  two  tons  of 
pea  vine  hay  from  the  same  land  after  the  oats  were 
harvested,  and  left  the  land  in  crimson  clover. 

In  Maryland  the  late  General  ilcKinney  was  as- 
sessed for  taxation  on  one  million  dollars'  worth  of 
real  estate  made  by  farming  since  the  war,  and  Capt. 
.Vndrew  Woodall,  of  the  same  State,  has  become  a 
millionaire  at  farming.  In  Georgia,  Mr.  Smith, 
near  Athens,  gets  about  $75,000  a  year  from  his  crops 
and  is  a  millionaire.  How  many  more  millionaire 
farmers  are  there  in  Ohio  ?  In  Eastern  North  Caro- 
lina we  have  seen  a  field  from  which  over  75  barrels 
of  Irish  potatoes  per  acre  were  shipped  North  in 
early  June,  a  crop  of  pea  vine  hay  grown  on  the  same 
land  by  August,  and  then  a  crop  of  late  potatoes  of 
05  barrels  per  acre  dug  from  the  same  land  in  Decem- 
ber and  the  land  set  in  cabbage  for  the  next  spring 
And  these  1,500  barrels  of  second  crop  potatoes  were 
nil  sold  for  seed  to  the  "agriculturally  prosperous 
North"  before  Christmas  at  $2.50  per  barrel,  the  field 
showing  a  yield  of  nearly  $400  for  the  season  per 
acre.  Can  you  do  that  in  Ohio,  or  any^vhere  else  in 
the  "agriculturally  prosperous  North  ?" 

We  suppose  that  it  would  be  considered  a  great 
wonder  if  a  man  got  $3,000  an  acre  from  land  in 
Ohio  between  December  and  April,  and  yet  the  lettuce 
growers  of  Eastern  North  Carolina  have  been  doing 
that  for  some  time  at  a  cost  of  about  $500  per  acre. 
If  a  man  in  Ohio  got  $000  for  30  crates  of  straw- 
berries it  would  be  heralded  in  the  agricultural  pa- 
pers of  that  State.  And  yet  last  December  this  was 
done  in  Eastern  North  Carolina  from  the  open  field. 
Our  Ohio  friend  is  justly  proud  of  his  apple  orchard. 
But  if  he  had  attended  the  State  Eair  of  North  Caro- 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


459 


lina  last  fall  he  would  have  seen  apples  he  has  never 
yet  seen.  The  judges  at  the  fair  on  fruits  were  Prof. 
H.  L.  Bailey,  of  Cornell;  Colonel  Brackett,  of  the 
Agricultural  Department,  and  F.  W.  Taylor,  of  the 
St.  Louis  Fair.  They  said  that  they  had  never  seen 
such  a  display  of  apples,  and  Colonel  Brackett  said 
that  such  fruit  grows  only  in  North  Carolina  and  on 
the  Ozarks,  and  that  North  Carolina  has  the  advan- 
tage in  the  exuberant  fertility  of  her  mountain  lands 
over  the  thin  lands  on  the  Ozarks. 

Ohio  has  tine  grass  and  fine  cattle.  But  out  in  the 
plateau  region  of  North  Carolina,  where  the  whole 
land  is  in  grass  and  the  cattle  are  Shorthorns,  we  saw 
men  shipping  feeders  at  4  1-2  cents,  live  weight,  to 
Ohio,  Indiana  and  Illinois.  In  Cherokee  county  we 
saw  200  big  haystacks  in  one  field  on  land  underlaid 
with  the  finest  of  marble.  Our  friend  thinks  that  the 
South  cannot  grow  grass.  The  fact  is,  that  the  cot- 
ton farmers  have  been  for  generations  hard  at  work  to 
keep  the  grass  down.  They  have  neglected  forage 
and  stock  too  much,  but  are  gradually  waking  iip  to 
their  possibilities.  We  saw  a  man  in  Eastern  North 
Carolina  mowing  over  two  tons  of  fine  hay  per  acre 
from  land  that  was  in  cotton  the  year  before,  and  not 
a  grass  seed  had  been  sown  on  the  land.  Can  you  cut 
such  a  grass  crop  in  Ohio  from  land  left  idle ' 

At  the  North  Carolina  Agricultural  Experiment 
Station  there  is  a  large  lawn  of  Kentucky  blue  grass 
over  fifteen  years  old,  which  is  the  admiration  of  all 
who  see  it,  even  of  Ohio  men,  and  we  have  several  of 
them  here.  The  dense  sod  springs  like  a  mattress 
under  the  foot,  and  shows  that  grass  will  grow  here  if 
given  half  a  chance.  On  the  college  farm  last  year 
a  sod  was  plowed  and  planted  in  corn.  It  promised 
to  make  75  bushels  per  acre,  but  was  cut  green  and 
used  for  soiling,  and  peas  were  sown  on  the  land,  and 
these  later  in  the  season  were  soiled  off,  and  laud 
sown  in  rye  and  crimson  clover,  and  now  the  cows 
are  wading  in  the  clover.  Ohio  land  could  hardly  do 
much  better. 

The  market  gardeners  in  Eastern  North  Carolina 
habitually  get  two  tons  of  volunteer  hay,  equal  to  the 
best  of  timotin',  on  the  land  from  which  their  early 
crops  of  garden  peas  and  snap  beans  are  shipped,  and 
never  a  seed  is  sown.  They  might  do  better  by  sow- 
ing peas,  and  some  of  them  do.  The  South  needs 
more  good  Ohio  farmers,  and  good  farmers  from 
anywhere,  to  take  up  the  idle  lands.  The  South  is 
"getting  there,"  and  while  Southern  born  men  greatly 
admire  the  farming  of  the  North,  they  are  not  willing 
to  admit  that  all  the  good  farming  is  done  there. 
With  a  kind  soil  and  a  climate  that  allows  of  crop- 
ping that  can  never  be  imitated  in  the  North,  the  pos- 
sibilities of  the  South  are  but  little  understood.  The 
Southern  farmers  do  not  think  they  know  it  all  yet, 
and  I  pity  the  man  anwhere  who  thinks  he  has  noth- 
ing to  learn,  even  from  the  South. 


FILLING  THE  SILO. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

I  have  received  numerous  inquiries  recently  in  re- 
gard  to  my  opinion  as  to  the  best,  as  well  as  the 
quickest,  way  to  put  up  ensilage.  I  am  glad  to  see 
that  the  farmers  in  Virginia  and  the  South  generally 
are  at  last  taking  an  interest  in  the  silo.  There  is 
nothing  made  on  the  farm  that  gives  results  as 
quickly  as  corn  put  up  this  v\'ay.  My  object  in  writ- 
ing this  article  is  to  attempt  to  save  others  the  trouble, 
worry  and  expense  in  cutting  ensilage  and  filling  the 
silo  that  I  have  had  to  contend  with  by  using  ditfer- 
ent  kinds  of  cutters  and  elevators.  The  cutters  that 
deliver  the  ensilage  into  the  silo  by  endless  chains  are 
a  thing  ofthe  past.  There  is  so  much  loss  of  time, 
teams  idle,  men  standing  around  looking,  no  one  at 
work  but  the  "boss,"  and  he  tugging  away  at  set 
screws,  slats,  endless  chains  and  various  devices  that 
never  work  smoothly,  that  it  is  beyond  endurance.  I 
am  confident  if  any  one  has  as  much  as  one  hundred 
tons  of  ensilage  to  cut  and  has  already  a  cutter  and 
carrier  of  this  kind  it  will  pay  him  to  dispose  of  it 
and  get  a  ''Blower."  There  is  nothing  about  these 
machines  to  get  out  of  order.  The  silage  is  blown 
into  the  silo  through  a  pipe.  There  is  no  need  of  a 
stop,  from  morning  imtil  night.  It  can  be  put  in 
place  in  one-fourth  of  the  time  it  takes  to  place  the 
elevator  cutters,  and  the  cost  of  the  machines  is  about 
the  same.  T.  0.  Sandy. 

Nottoway  Co.,  Va.  '1 


BRIGHT  OUTLOOK  FOR  SOUTHERN  FARMING. 

"There  is  no  section  of  the  world,"  said  Secretary 
Wilson,  in  speaking  of  his  last  tour  of  the  South, 
"which  opens  such  inducements  for  diversified  farm- 
ing as  the  Southern  section  of  the  United  States.  I 
believe  that  the  next  few  years  will  see  a  development 
greater  than  has  ever  taken  place  in  any  sec- 
tion of  our  country,  and  the  keynote  of  this  will  be 
diversified  crops,  the  doing  away  with  the  single  farm 
crop,  and  the  feeding  of  crops  on  the  farm." 

Secretary  Wilson  is  a  conservative  as  well  as  a  far- 
seeing  man  and  a  farmer  himself,  and  his  words  may 
he  taken  at  their  face  value.  We  commend  them  to 
our  young  men. 


The  brown  mare  Frances  S.  Dayton,  2:27  ."5-4,  by 
Cadmus,  Jr.,  dam  the  great  brood  mare  Daisy  Day- 
ton, dam  of  Lake  Erie,  2:1P)  1-4,  etc.,  by  Rysdyk's 
Bellfounder,  owned  by  James  Cox,  Belgravia  Farm, 
Mt.  .fackson,  Va.,  foaled  on  June  1st,  a  shapely  bay 
filly  by  Kelly,  2 :27,  and  was  bred  back  to  the  blood- 
like, handsome  son  of  Electioneer  and  famous  thor- 
oughbred Esther,  the  dam  of  Expressive,  3,  2  :12  1-2. 


460 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLATfTER. 


[July 


THE  FARMER'S  DOG. 

Tbe  true  fanner's  dog  is  a  Collie.  He 
is,  when  properly  bred  and  trained, 
worth  a  half  dozen  "hands"  in  handling 
sheep  and  stock  general^. 

We  have  seen  a  shepherd  with  two 
dogs  "round  \ip"  and  hold  a  flock  of 
hundreds  of  sheep  on  the  wild,  uu- 
fenced  moorlands  of  the  north  of  Eng- 
land, and  then  pass  them  through  a 
small  opening  between  two  short  lengths 
of  hurdles  and  count  them  without  the 
assistance  of  another  man,  and  all  this 
done  by  the  dogs  Avithout  harassing  or 
chasing  the  sheep.  The  dogs  and  sheep 
are  on  the  best  terms  with  each  other,  all 
seemingly  enjoying  the  "round  up." 

We  produce  herewith  a  picture  of  one 
of  the  handsomest  dogs  of  this  breed  in 
the  country,  the  imported  "General 
French,"  owned  by  the  Maplemont 
Stock  Farm,  whose  advertisement  will 
be  found  in  our  columns. 


GAPES  IN  CHICKENS. 

The  following  comes  from  A.  F.  C,  Rossville, 
Ind. : 

"Our  little  chickens  are  all  dying  with  the  gapes. 
Please  publish  a  remedy  for  this  trouble." 

The  technical  name  for  that  disease  of  poultry 
commonly  called  the  "gapes"  is  verminous  trachei- 
lironchitis  or  Syngamosis.  It  is  caused  by  a  small 
round  worm,  curioiisly  formed,  the  male  being 
firmly  attached  to  the  female",  giving  it  the  appear- 
ance of  having  two  heads.  This  worm — Syngamus 
trachealis — is  a  member  of  a  family  of  parasites 
that  develop  without  the  assistance  of  an  inter- 
mediate host,  although  undoiibtedly  it  is  often  foTind 
in  angleworms,  and  eating  these  worms  often  starts 
the  disease. 

Gapes  recur  year  after  year  on  some  farms  and 
never  are  known  on  others.  'Where  they  appear 
once  they  are  likely  to  remain  with  considerable 
persistency.  Sometimes  removing  the  poultry  yards 
even  a  short  distance  causes  the  disease  to  disappear. 

A  plan  we  have  used  with  perfect  success  is  one 
that  we  always  hesitate  to  recommend,  for  a  little 
mistake  might  do  much  damage.  We  prefer  it  to 
anything  else  we  have  ever  tried  and  have  never 
yet  lost  a  chick,  and  there  is  no  neecl  of  losing  any 
if  proper  care  is  taken.  This  plan  is  fumigation 
with  sulphur,  and  it  is  accomplished  as  follows: 

In  the  bottom  of  an  old  kettle  or  similar  vessel 
place  some  coals  or  a  piece  of  brick  or  iron  heated 


reil-hot.  Have  the  chicks  in  a  flat-bottomed  basket, 
covered  with  a  cloth;  place  on  the  coals  or  other 
heating  material  in  the  kettle  a  little  sulphur,  when  a 
dense  and  suffocating  smoke  will  rise.  Through 
this  smoke  slowly  pass  the  basket  containing  the 
chicks,  allowing  some  of  the  smoke  to  rise 
through  the  spaces  in  the  bottom.  Pass  the  basket 
through  the  smoke  only  once  before  removing  the 
cloth  to  allow  the  chicks  to  catch  their  breath,  as  they 
will  be  gaping  from  inhaling  the  suffocating  fumes. 
Repeat  the  operation  two  or  three  times  and  then  ope- 
rate on  another  lot  until  all  have  been  fumigated. 
The  fumes  of  the  sulphur  kill  the  worms,  which  are 
attached  to  the  inside  of  the  trachea,  and  incidentally 
kill  any  lice  that  may  be  on  the  chicks.  The  fumes 
of  carbolic  acid  have  been  highly  recommended  as  a 
cure  for  gapes.  Carbolic  acid  is  used  the  same  as 
sulphur,  and  is  safer,  but  the  chicks  must  be  exposed 
to  the  fumes  for  a  longer  period  than  would  be  the 
case  if  sulphur  wei'e  used.  It  is  necessary  to  use 
almost  as  much  care  when  iising  carbolic  acid  as  when 
sul])hur  is  the  agent  employed  in  destroying  the  pest. 
Some  of  the  poultry  suj)])ly  houses  have  a  little  in- 
stnmient  c  ailed  a  gape-worm  extractor,  which  is  sold 
for  a  few  cents.  Gallus  Bankiva. 

Breeders'  Gazette. 


When  corresponding  with  advertisers,  kindly  men- 
tion the  Southern  Planter. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


461 


THE 


Southern  Planter 

PUBLISHED  BY 

THf  SO0ltl[RN  PLANI[R  PUBilSlliKG  GOHP'lf. 

RICHMOND,    VA. 

Issued  on  1st  of  each  Month. 


J.  F.  JACKSON, 
Editor  and  General  Manager. 

B.  MORGAN  SHEPHERD, 
Business  Manager. 


TERMS    FOR  ADVERTISING. 
Rate  card   furnished  on  application. 


TERMS  FOR  SUBSCRIPTION. 

THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER  Is  mailed  to 
■ubscrlbers  In  the  United  States  and  Canada 
at  50c.  per  annum;  all  foreign  countries  and 
the  city  of  Richmond.  75c. 

REMITTANCES  should  be  made  direct  to 
this  oflGce,  either  by  Registered  Letter  or 
Money  Order,  which  will  be  at  our  risk.  When 
made  otherwise  we  cannot  be  responsible. 

ALWAYS  GIVE  THE  NAME  of  the  Post- 
Offlce  to  which  your  paper  is  sent.  Your 
name  cannot  be  found  on  our  books  unless 
this  is  done. 

SUBSCRIBERS  failing  to  receive  their  paper 
promptly  and  regularly,  will  confer  a  favor 
by  reporting  the  fact  at  once. 

THE  DATE  ON  YOUR  LABEL  shows  to 
what  time  your  subscription  is  paid. 

NO  ANONYMOUS  communications  or  en- 
quiries will  receive  attention. 

Address—  THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 

RICHMOND,  VA. 


DETAIL  INDEX  TO  ENQUIRER'S 
COLUMN. 

Tomato  Worms   439 

Sassafras  439 

Potash  for  Clover  439 

Hog  Yards   439 

Rye  and  Crimson  Clover 440 

Pickle-Making — Storing   Irish   and 

Sweet   Potatoes    440 

Ticks  on  Cows  440 

Pruning  Orchard  440 

Patenting  Fruit  Trees 441 

Feed  Value  of  Rutabagas 441 

Horses  Rubbing  Mane  and  Tail. . .   441 

Irrigating  Land    441 

Raising  Colts  442 

Lice  in  the  Hen  House — Number 
of  Roosters   Required — Fertility 

of  Eggs 442 

Fig  Tree  Dropping  Fruit 442 

Rotten  Oak  as  a  Fertilizer 442 

Improving     Gravelly     Land     for 

Grass 442 

Nut  Grass   443 

Ploughing  Land   443 

Cramp  in  Horses  443 

Plants  for  Name  444 

Plant  for  Name  444 

Sick  Chickens  and  Hens 444 

Curing  Pea  Vines — Crimson  Clover 

Hay  444 

Seeding  Grass — Preventing  Wash- 
ing       444 

'Oats  Turning  to  Cheat 445 

Water  Meadow    445 

•Threshing    Cow     Peas     and     Soy 

Beans    445 

Porage  'Crops  445 


PUBLISHER'S  NOTES. 


TO    ADVERTISERS. 


All  advertisements  and  matter 
pertaining  to  advertising  must 
reach  us  by  the  25th  of  each 
month.     Please  bear  this  in  mind. 


WITH  THE  ADVERTISERS. 

Superior  Grain  Drills  are  offered  the 
farmers  of  the  South  through  our  col- 
umns again  this  season. 

Mr.  C.  A.  Saunders  has  for  sale  some 
finely  bred  Shropshire  Ram  and  Ewe 
Lambs. 

The  Harris  Hardware  Company  has 
a  few  Cultivators  left,  and  is  selling 
them  at  very  low  prices  to  avoid  car- 
rying them  over  for  another  season. 

Look  up  the  advertisement  of  the 
famous  Bicktord  &  Huffman  Drill  else- 
where in  this  issue. 

Mr.  J.  H.  Ellis  is  offering  some  nice 
Aberdeen-Angus  Cattle.  Refer  to  his 
ad. 

Dederick's  Hay  Press,  well  known  to 
hundreds  of  our  readers,  is  offered  in 
another  column.  This  baler  is  one  of 
the  oldest  on  the  market,  and  is  better 
and  cheaper  than  ever  before. 

Mr.  J.  Tabb  Janney  is  offering  for 
sale  his  splendid  herd  bull.  "Hero  of 
Bunker  Hill."  This  is  a  splendid 
specimen  of  the  Angus  Breed  and  a 
most  prepotent  sire. 

Empire  Grain  Drills  are  advertised 
in  an  attractive  form  in  another  col- 
umn. 

The  Ohio  Carriage  Manufacturing 
Company  makes  an  attractive  offer  in 
this  month's  advertisement. 

Rose  Dale  Stock  Farm  is  offering 
Aberdeen-Angus  Cattle  at  "introduc- 
tory prices."     Look  up  the  ad. 

Dorset  Sheep  and  Hereford  Cattle 
are  offered  bv  H.  Armstrong,  Lantz 
Mills,  Va. 

Tamworth  and  Poland  China  Hogs, 
also  Hampshire  Down  Sheep  can  be 
had  of  Mr.  J.  C.  Graves,  Barbours- 
ville,  Va. 

Shorthorn  Calves — a  couple  of  nice 
ones — can  be  bought  of  Repass  Bros., 
Wytheville,  Va. 

The  International  Stock  Food  Co. 
has  a  large  ad  elsewhere  in  this  issue. 
Look  it  up  and  send  for  their  free 
stock  book. 

Nature's  Remedy  Company  has  a 
card  elsewhere  in  this  number. 


A  LESSON  OF  THE  TIMES. 

It  is  a  very  neat  and  attractive  han- 
ger in  several  colors  and  half-tone  ef- 
fects, handsome  enough  for  home 
decoration,  which  the  Studebaker 
Bros.  Manufacturing  Co.  are  sending 
out  under  the  above  title.  It  would 
be  more  aptly  described  as  a  pictorial 
history  of  the  rise  of  a  great  manu- 
facturing establishment.  The  upper 
panel   pictures   the   unpretentious   but 


Wood's    Seeds. 

Seed    Potatoes 

for  Late  Planting. 

Our  cu.stomers  say  that  Wood's  Cold 
Storage  Seed  Potatoes  have  solved  the 
problem. 

How  to  secure  a  bountiful  supply  of 
potatoes  all  through  the  year.  Our 
special  circular  about  Cold  Storage 
Seed  Potatoes  gives  full  information. 
Write  for  it. 

Sow  Cow^  Peas 

To  follow  your  grain  crops.  They  can 
be  satisfactorily  seeded  all  through 
July.  Not  necessary  to  replow  grain 
fields  for  Cow  Peas;  run  cutaway  or 
sharp-toothed  harrow  over  the  fields, 
and  it  will  give  sufficient  preparation 
and  make  a  most  satisfactory  crop. 
Write  for  prices  and  special  circular. 

T.  W.  Wood's  &  Sons, 

SEEDSMEN,    =    Richmond,  Va. 


CFLERY 


Plants— G.  S 
B.  S1.40  per 
1,000:  SOc.'SOO: 
Strong  healthy  plants  from  French  grown  8eed 
sown  thin  (In  rows)  in  rich  beds.  Plants  are 
Icept  in  even  steady  growth  by  irrigation.  (12 
experiments,  covering  3  years,  by  Maryland 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Bulletin  No 
.SS,  with  American  and  French  seed,  purchased 
from  five  leading  seed  firms,  showed  that  .Ameri- 
can seed  produce  about  10  per  cent  of  hollow 
stalks  French  seed  no  hollow  stalks.)  W.  P., 
G.  H.  and  li.  P.  $1.60  per  1,00  i:  81.00,. TOO.  L.'MO.OOO 
plants.  I  .ship  in  ventilated  boxes,  roots  In 
damp  moss.  F.  W.  Rochelle.  Drawer  7,  Ches- 
ter, N.  J. 


TURINIP  SEED. 

Fresh  Stock  of 
All    Varieties. 

DIGOS  &  BEADLES, 
Seedsmen, 

1711  E.  Franklin  St.,  RICHMOND,  VA. 


Mr.  Fanner:  Do  you  know  that  a  few  colonies 
of  good  Ilalian  Bees  will  pay  you  a  better  reve- 
nue than  any  investment  you  "can  make?  And 
besides  are  worth  many  times  their  cost  to  pol- 
Ieni?;e  your  fruit  and  vegetation  each  year. 

My  pure  bred  Italians  cannot  be  beaten  In 
Virginia.  I  am  prepared  to  furnish  Bees  by  the 
pound,  nuclei  or  colony. 

Full  Colony  pure  bred  Italians  in  complete 
Langstroth  Hive  including  Super  and  Founda- 
tion Starters,  $0.00  f.  o.  b. 

Also  A.  I.  Roofs  hives  and  supplies  at  cata- 
logue prices.    Fxtracted  and  Comb  Honey. 

Pure  Italian  Queens  §1.00  each. 

Write  me  anything  you  wish  to  know  about 
BEES  or  supplies,  your'correspondence  solicited. 
J.  E.  THOMASSON,  Bumpass,  Va. 


Mention    the    Southern    Planter    in 
writing. 


462 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEE. 


[July 


now  famous  Studebaker  blacksmilh 
shop  of  1852— the  bud  in  which  was 
wrapped  up  the  brilliant  StndebaUer 
future.  For  it  was  this  humble  shop 
that  by  growth,  development  and  en- 
largement is  the  logical  predecessor 
of  all  that  the  great  plant  now  boasts. 
Following  this  is  an  excellent  repro- 
duction of  the  plant  as  it  now  is,  with 
the  legends  "largest  in  the  world"  and 
"plant  covers  101  acres."  Below  are 
tastefully  grouped  the  five  Studebaker 
brothers!  whose  faces  have  become  so 
familiar,  and  from  a  cornucopia  on 
either  side  of  this  group  comes  all 
manner  of  vehicles,  typical  of  the  end- 
less stream  which  flows  from  the 
Studebaker  factory  to  all  corners  of 
the  earth.  This  hanger,  20x38  inches 
in  si/ce,  tinned  top  and  bottom,  may  be 
had  by  writing  the  Studebaker  Bros, 
Manufacturing  Co.,  South  Bend,  Ind.. 
and  enclosing  six  cents  in  stamps  to 
pay  postage.  It  ought  to  be  in  every 
school  house  in  the  land. 


State  of  Ohio,  City  of  Toledo,  )  ss. 
Lucas  County,  ) 

Frank  J.  Cheney  makes  oath  that  he 
is  the  senior  partner  of  the  firm  of  F. 
J.  Cheney  &  Co.,  doing  business  in  the 
city  of  Toledo,  county  and  State  afore- 
said, and  that  said  firm  will  pay  the 
sum  of  ONE  HUNDRED  DOLLARS 
for  each  and  every  case  of  Catarrh 
that  cannot  be  cured  by  the  use  of 
HALL'S  CATARRH  CURE. 

FRANK  J.   CHENRV. 

Sworn  to  before  me  and  subscribed 
in  mv  presence,  this  6th  day  of  Decem- 
ber, A.  D.  1886. 

A.  W.  GLEASON, 
(Seal)  Notary  Public. 

Hall's  Catarrh  Cure  is  taken  inter 
nally  and  acta  directly  on  the  blood 
and  mucous  surfaces  of  the  system. 
Send  for  testimonials,  free. 

F.  J.  CHENEY  &  CO.,  Toledo,  O. 

Sold  by  Druggists.  75c. 

Hall's  Family  Pills  are  the  best. 


A  NEW  ALMANAC. 

The  1904  Almanac  to  be  issued  by 
the  America  Seeding  Machine  Co.. 
Springfield,  Ohio,  will  be  a  most  com- 
plete and  valuable  reference  book.  It 
will  contain  a  complete  Almanac,  ac- 
curate weather  forecasts  for  each 
month,  valuable  cooking  and  other  re- 
ceipts for  the  houswife,  reliable  veteri- 
nary receipts,  reports  of  experimental 
stations,  butter,  egg,  grain  and  pro- 
duce account  blanks,  etc.,  etc.,  besides 
departments  devoted  to  the  interests 
of  the  young  man,  young  lady,  the  girl 
and  the  boy.  This  Almanac  will  have 
a  handsome  lithographed  cover  in 
colors,  and  will  contain  64  pages  of 
the  most  useful  information.  The  Al- 
manac will  be  ready  for  distribution 
early  in  the  winter.  It  will  be  mailed 
free  to  any  person  who  will  send  their 
name  and  address.  Requests  should 
be  sent  at  once  to  Department  89. 
American  Seeding  Machine  .  Co.. 
Springfield,  Ohio. 


reach  success 

n 


HE  farmer  who  reaches  success  is  the  one 
who  not  only  works  hard,  but  who  utilizes  all 
of  the  means  within  his  reach.  The  Mc- 
Cormick  corn  binder  is  within  the  reach  of 
every  man.  It  will  save  your  corn  crop — ears, 
fodder,  stalks  and  all— and  will  help  double  the 
value  of  this  great  crop. 


W.  K.  BACHE,  General  Agent  for 

McCormick  Machines,  Riclimond,  Va. 


JOHN  .SI'E.NCKIt,  Veterlnarhin.  VIrRlnia  Agrlcultariil  Exiieriment  Static 


Chloro-Naptholeum  Dip 


"  Insures  the  De.structions  of  Atltes.    OiitbreakB  which  have  i:ome  under  our  notice  ha> 
been  tlmrouKhly  ^laln^)eli  out  by  dliu'lng  In  a 'J  per  cent  solution  of  Chloro  Naptholeum  Ulp 

If  you've  trk'J  It  you  know  bow  kooiI  It  Is,  If  you  liiiven't,  try  It  now 
piilcl  upon  receipt  of  Sl^fl._tnoiiey 


A..ENTS  Wa 


One  Gallon  sent  pre- 
heck.    Booklet  free.    It  can  make  money  for  you. 
THE  WEST  OISINFECTINO  CO  .  Inc.,  30  Ea«t  S9th  St..  New  York 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


463 


For  40  Ye^rs 

The  above  XT.  S.  Kegistered  Trade-Mark 
has  been  a  safeguard  to  the  farmer  that 
he  made  no  mistake  in  buying 

Farmers*  Favorite 
Grain  Drills 

For  1903  we  offer  to  the  Farmer  many 
improvementa  and  new  devices  of 
proven  merit ; 

Sleel  Ribbon  Grain  Tabes, 

New  Balanced  Anole-Slcel  Frame, 

"Plowiur"  Single  Disc.  Extension  Cbilied  Bub, 

''Perfection"  Grass  Seeder, 

Imprtved  Box  and  Roller  Bearings. 

Our  FREE  Grain  Drill  Literature  tella     ■ 
all  about  it.    Write  for  it  to-day. 

BICKrORD  &  HUrrNAN  DIVISION 

American  Seeding  Macliiiie  Company, 
Dcpt.B  .       Springlield,  Obio. 


Pressing  Hard  Easy 

sounds  queer,  doesn't  it?  But  it  isn't  diffi- 
It  to  understand  if  you  are  using  a 


RED  RIPPER  ^»' 


Press 


It  bales  tight  bundles.  large  or  small,  and  does  it  with  the 
leastamount  of  strain  on  the  horse.  The  Red  Ripper  has 
been  twice  entered  in  competition  with  other  presses,  both 
times  at  the^Georgia 


where  it  was  awarded  fti 
Deaiere  who  handle  the  Red  Ripper  _say  that 
other  hay  presses 
priced  press 


3  operate.  Progressiv. 


new  Catalog 

Distributing  points,  Baltimure,  Memphis,  Cincinn; 
Address    SIKES  MFC.  CO.,  Helena,  C 


The    Hay    Baler 


"ELI"  PRESSES 

^^^^'        market.     I^rir 


bale  fiistestandbest 

for     sliipplng     and 

rket.     Largest    Fetd    Openings. 


CoHlii»  Plow  Co.,    1185  H«nip«lilr»  St.,  Quincy,  III. 


ATTAINING  SUCCESS. 

Success  affords  us  the  means  of  se- 
curing additional  success,  as  tlie  pos- 
session of  capital  enables  us  to  in- 
crease our  pecuniary  gains. — Staniss- 
laus. 

Every  one  likes  to  succeed,  no  mat- 
ter what  the  undertaking  may  be.  Thi' 
merchant  sti'ives  to  build  up  a  large 
business,  the  scholar  seeks  to  perfect 
himself  in  his  studies,  and  the  farmer 
is  tireless  in  his  efforts  to  increase  the 
yield  of  his  crops.  Some  succeed  in 
their  efforts,  while  others  fail  to  at- 
tain success.  Washington,  Lincoln 
and  Grant  are  splendid  examples  of 
•what  properly  directed  effort  will  ac- 
complish, even  though  one  is  com- 
pelled to  overcome  seemingly  insur- 
mountable ombstacles.  Success  on 
the  farm  to-day  is  secured  largely  by 
the  proper  selection  and  use  of  ma- 
chines. It  is  impossible  to  save  all  of 
the  corn  crop  without  using  machines, 
and  the  McCormick  corn  machines  en- 
able the  corn  grower  to  double  the 
value  of  his  crop.  They  are  the  ma- 
chines to  buy  if  you  wish  to  attain 
success. 


To  supply  a  sufficiency  of  available 
nitrogen  is  the  husbandman's  most 
difficult,  yet  most  necessary  task.  To 
furnish  his  animals  with  an  adequate 
supply  of  digestible  protein  (nitro- 
genous ingredient)  in  their  rations  is 
equally  perplexing  to  the  feeder  of 
live  stock.  Without  a  suflSciency  of 
nitrogen,  plants  fail  to  acquire  their 
full  de\elopment  and  return  ample 
profits  in  grain  or  other  products.  In 
a  similar  way  animals  cannot  fullv 
develop  a  strong  muscular  frame,  per- 
fect bones  and  tendons,  or  the  vim 
and  vigor  of  robust  constitutions,  in 
the  absence  of  a  sufficiency  of  protein. 
Corn  lacks  this  principle.  Oats  and 
other  cereals  give  us  but  some  n  to 
14  per  cent,,  while  wheat  bran  is  not 
much  richer  than  the  grains  in  pro- 
tein. Dried  blood  meal,  manufactured 
by  the  Armour  Fertilizer  Works,  and 
advertised  elsewhere  in  this  issue, 
shows  an  analysis  of  S7  per  cent,  of 
digestible  protein,  hence  should  at 
once  command  the  attention  of  stot* 
feeders.  It  has  been  fully  tried  as  a 
food,  is  economical,  prevents  many 
diseases,  and  comes  in  a  handy  form 
for  use.  It  will  also  keep  poultry 
healthy,  and  make  hens  lay.  Address 
the  above  firm  for  their  booklet,  giv- 
ing full  particulars. 


GENERAL  CONUNDRUMS. 

When  is  a  liiss  like  a  rumor?  When 
it  goes  from  mouth  to  mouth. 

Why  is  the  horse  the  most  curious 
feeder  in  the  world?  He  eats  best 
without  a  bit  in  his  mouth. 

Why  is  your  nose  in  the  middle  of 
your  face?     It  is  the  scenter. 

What  is  the  latest  thing  in  dresses? 
Night  dresses. 

Why  do  chimneys  smoke?  Because 
they  cannot  chew. 

When  is  a  ship  most  happy?  When 
she  rests  on  the  bosom  of  a  swell. 


Wise  Man's 
Wagon. 

The  man  who  has  had  experienco 
in  running  a  wacon  knows  that  it 
IS  the  wheels  that  determine  the 
life  of  the  wagon  itself.    Our 

STEEl 
WHEELS 

^  e, V.  ..^ ..  ,v;„^o  of  life  to  thougands  of  old 

wagons.  Ihey  can  be  had  in  any  deaired  heiirht.and 
any  width  of  tire  up  to  8  inches.  With  a  set  of  tkew 
wheels  you  can  in  a  few  minutes  have  either  a  hiKh 
or  a  low  down  watron.  The  Electric  Handy 
WniroD  la  made  by  skilled  workmen,  of  best  select- 
ed material— white  hickory  axlea,  steel  wheels,  steel 
hounds,  etc  Guaranteed  to  carry  iOOOlba.  Here  is 
tne  wa^ron  that  will  save  money  for  you  as  It 
lasts  almost  forever.  Ourcatalog  describing  the  uses 
of  these  wheels  and  wagons  eent  free.    Write  for  It 

ELECTRIC  WHEEL  CO.,  BOX  146  QUINCY,  ILLINOIS, 


ELECTRIC 


WE'LL  PAY  THE  FREIGHT 

id  aead  4  Bisk;  Wkmli,  StMl  Tire  u>,  ■  $7.Sft 
I  With  BablMr  Tire.,  tl&.(H>.  I  mrg.  wbaala  H  to  <  <^ 
I  tread.  Tofi  Bsgtlei,  |2S.7a;  Himaiia,  |3.eo.  Wriu  h> 
eatmlogoe.  Learn  how  to  buy  Tehleles  uid  parts  direst 
Wagoa  Umbrella  FEES.  W.  T.  BOOB,  Clailaaatl,  d. 


THE  IMPROVED 


Chamberlin   Mfg.   Co.,  Olean,  N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A. 


STUMP  PULLER 


Most  Powerful,  Haniliest 
and  Strongest  Built  in 
the  World. 


deaired  Htrangth.    Savoa  tlm« 

and  doea  the  work  right.    The 

operation    of    palllmc 


eaay.     Send     for     Fr«« 
CutuloKue. 

CHICIM  BTVliP  BACHINB   Unk  Mb 
23B  La  Balle  SlJe.^  Ckloa«»,  M. 


HERCULES  STUMP  PULLER 


Clears  an  acre  of  heavy  timber  land  each  day. 
Clears  all   stumns  in  a  circle  of  160  ft.  without 
moving  or  changing  machine.    Strongest,  most 
rapid  working  and  best  made. 
Hercules  MIg.  Co..  413  17th  St.,  Centrevllle.  Iowa. 


464 


THE  SOUTHERTs^  PLANTER. 


[July 


ONLY  ONE 

moro  feature  demonBtratlng  the  nnqnestioned 
merit  of  Superior  Seoding  Machines.  The  above 
Illustration  shows  the  Superior  Disk  "Wlieel 
with  Sliding  Pinion.  It  consists  practically  of 
13  wheels  of  different  sizes  cast  upon  a  solid 
plate.  With  it  13  difCerent  quantities  can  be 
sown  from  each  side  of  the  distributer  wheel. 
This  dispenses  with  all  loose  wheels  and  all  side 
draft.  There  are  no  removable  gears  togetlost 
and  cause  annoyance.  Change  of  quantity  by 
change  of  speed.  Our  new  catalogue  NaH  which 
is  free,  tt-lls  all  about  this  and  other  Superior 
devices.  "Write  for  it  toduy. 

SUPERIOR 

Seeding  Machines  will  do  more  and  better  work 
than  any  other  drill.  Will  not  choke  In  trash 
Built  solid  and  strong  of  the  best  materials.  One 
man  or  boy  can  do  perfect  seeding  In  any  field 
under  all  conditions.  Superior  Seeding  Ma- 
chines are  g:uaranteed,  and  the  guarantee  is  good. 

SUPERIOR  DIVISION. 

AMERICAN  SEEDING  NACHINECO., 

SPRINGFIELD.   OHIO. 


SIEAM  MEIIRY-60-R0UND 

for  sale;  Price  $800.00,  Is  in  kouiI  shiipf  and 

anyoue  with  a  little  push  can  make  it  pay  t)  per 

cent,  on  830,(XI0.  Satisfactory  reasons  for  selling. 

J.  W.  &  T.  H.  MASSEY,  Hampton,  Va, 


A  NEW  ADVERTISER. 

We  invite  attention  to  the  adver- 
tisement of  J.  S.  Moore's  Sons,  else- 
where in  this  issue.  This  firm  suc- 
ceeds Mr.  D.  O'Sullivan  in  the  gro- 
cery business  at  Eighteenth  and  Mam 
streets,  Richmond,  Va.  The  old  store 
house  is  being  renovated  and  re- 
modelled and  restocked  with  every- 
thing in  the  grocery  line.  As  Mr. 
O'Sullivau  sold  the  good  will  of  his 
business  also,  the  new  firm  Is  expect- 
ing his  old  customers  to  favor  it  with 
a  share  ot  their  patronage.  Best  gro- 
ceries, prompt  attention  and  lowest 
prlrpR  in  the  city  are  the  grounds  upon 
which  the  trade  of  our  customers  is 
solicited. 


ELI  HAY  BAILERS. 
Hay  balers  on  a  large  scale  will  be 
Interested  in  the  Eli  Power  Presses, 
which  are  advertised  elsewhere,  by 
the  manufacturer,  the  Collins  Plow 
Company,  Qulncy,  111.  All  told,  this 
company  manufactures  near  two-score 
of  presses,  Including  about  everything 
that  could  possibly  be  desired  in  pat- 
tern and  size.  The  power  "Elis"  are 
distinguished  by  numerous  specially 
valuable  features,  such  as  being  self- 
feeding,  automatic  condensing  hop- 
pers, automatic  block  placers,  signal 
bells  for  regulating  size  of  bales,  etc. 
These  presses  are  made  in  both  wood 
and  steel  cases.  They  have  a  record 
of  three  bales  a  minute,  which,  con- 
sidering the  shapely  and  solid,  com- 
pact character  of  the  bale,  ought  to 
meet  the  requirements  of  the  most  ex- 
acting buyer.  The  Ell  press  is  past 
the  experimental  stage.  It  has  es- 
tablished a  most  enviable  character 
by  long  service  in  the  field.  Most  of 
our  readers  are  acquainted  with  It. 
Such  as  are  not  and  are  thinking  of 
buying  should  not  think  of  placing  an 
order  until  they  bave  procured  the  ' 
catalogue  and  made  a  etudy  of  its 
claims.  Consult  the  ad.  and  write  for 
catalogue.     It  is  mailed  free. 


HIS  REASON. 

It  has  been  said  >-'  *''p  southern 
darky  that  he  has  not  always  a  clear 
idea  as  to  property  rights,  but  on 
some  points  it  appears  that  he  is  not 
in  the  least  hazy. 

An  old  colored  man  in  the  days 
"befo'  de  wah"  was  given  one  of  his 
master's  cast-off  hats,  which  he  wore 
with  great  pride.  One  Sunday  his 
master  met  him  coming  home  from  a 
camp-meeting  in  a  pouring  rain,  bare- 
beaded  and  holding  his  hat  under  his 
■"oat.  Later  on  the  master  questioned 
him  jocosely,  "Why  didn't  you  wear 
your  hat,  Jerry?  Did  you  feel  the 
need  of  cooling  your  head?" 

"tou  see  it  am  laik  dis,  sah,"  re- 
sponded Jerry.  "Mah  head  am  yours, 
but  mah  hat  am  mine,  an'  nachelly  I 
feels  laik  takin'  care  ob  It,  sah." — 
YoutJt's  Companion. 


Mention    the    Bouthem    Planter    In 
writing. 


•THE  INVINCIBLE" 

.-:*POTATO  PLANTER*:- 

Is  the  most  practical  and  successful  hand  po- 
tato planter  made.  Will  not  clog,  but  under 
all  conditions  does  perfect  work.  Only 
planter  made  with  open  wire  sleeve.  A  boy 
can  plant  from  four  to  six  acres  a  day  with 
an  Invincible  Planter.  Strongly  made. 
Handles  unbreakable  and  adjustable 
Read  these  unsolicited  letters: 
Gentlemen, — I  am  very  high- 
ly pleased  with  the  Invincible 
Potato  Planter.  Would  not 
take  $10  If  I  could  not  get  an- 
other. Not  every  farmer  can 
afford  to  buy  a  $100  two-horse 
planter  to  use  only  for  a  day 
or  two  and  stand  Idle  the  rest 
of  the  year. 

L.  H.  SNOW, 

Phoenlxville,  Conn. 

Read  this:  fd 

Gentlemen, — I       ^°^^^^tt^t^J 
one    of     your    InvlnclbK  iIWKF^/.' 
Potato  Planters  as  a  trial  •••""*.  "  '  ^ 
sample      last      year     i 
think  it  equal  to  an  extra  \ 
man.      besides     being 
good  back  saver. 

C.  W.  GRIGGS, 
Rose  Valley,   Pa 

Reliable   Agents    Wanted. 
Any  farmer  can  sell  Invincible  Planters 
sight.     Write  for  terms. 

Circulars  Free. 

H.  H.  WABERS  M'F'G.  Co., 

Rapine.    Wis. 


>EPARATORS  AND  POWERS. 


Ul  C  M   DRILLING 


MACHINES 


The    most    successful    money-making    ma- 
chines ever  made.    Also  machines  for  boring 
wells   with   augers   by   horse   power.     Write 
us  if  you  mean  business. 
Loomis  Machine  Co.,  Tiffin,  Ohio. 


SEPARATOR 

FOR  SALI«  OR  EXCHANGE 
A  De  Laval  Huiniuing  Bird  Separator, 
in  perfect  condition,  used  about  20  times; 
will  sell  cheap  for  cash  or  will  exchange 
for  a  pure-brpd  Bull  Calf  of  any  Beef 
Breed — 'Polled  iireferred. 

W.  H.  MacNAIR,  Tarboro,  N.  C. 


CULTIVATORS  BELOW  COST! 

Roofing  Materials.— Tin  plate,  iron  roof- 
ing, paptTrooling.  nails,  hardware.  Car- 
riage and  wagon  materials.  Cook  stoves 
etc.  Don't  write  us  unless  you  want  the 
best  at  the  Lowest  Price. 

40'.i  R.  Broad, 
Rlchm'd.Va. 


HARRIS  HARDWARE  CO.. 


ROUND  SILO 


THE    PHILADELPHIA. 

The  only  Perfect  Continuous  Open  Front 
SILO  made.  See  Open-Top  Patent  Roof.  Aflk 
for  Catalogue.  E.  F.  SCHLICHTER. 

321  Vine  St.,   Philadelphia,   Pa. 

Also  made  In  the  West  by  Duplex  Mfg. 
Co.,   South  Superior,  Wis. 


1903.J 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


465 


WIRE    FENC  E. 

Heavy  lateral  wires,  heavy  hard  steel  stays, 
called  spring  wire.  Sure  Grip  lock.  In 
strength,  appearance  and  durability,  the 
Hard  Steel  cannot  be  excelled.  Write  for 
catalogue  and  prices. 

THE  HARD  STEEL  WIRE   FENCE  CO., 
Cuyahoga  Falls,  Ohio. 


ms 


I  The  only  machine 
1  that  will  pay  forlt- 
I  self  without  help, 
•  save  your  frisky 
I  horse  or  wife  from 
uuawav. 


Genuine  spiral  Spiiqg  Wlie 
FENCES  HND  GATES 

If  j'our  dealer  does  not  have  our 
goods  in  stock  you  can  buy  direct 
at  Manufacturers'  Price.  Write 
for  Catalogue  and  secure  agency. 

INTERNATIONAL  FENCE  AND  F.  CO. 
Columbus,  Ohio. 


n 

-—^ 

- 

"^ 

-« 

1 

=:^ 

PAGE    2-BAR,    58-INCH  FENCE 


Ltl^^^^^^LiMiLAWN  FENCE 

— .-^..^  Many  deeigTie.    Cheap  r 


i:ii¥Mmm,r>>yA 


wood.  32  page  CfttalogTM 
free.  Speelkl  PrlceHtoCeiB» 
UrleBSBdCbareh*!.  Addrese 
COILED  SPBIXfl  FKSCK  CO- 
Box    <^..      Winchester.  !■< 


,:(i  1  iM^^MUjiM*: 


FENCE I ; 


STttOmGESt 
MADE,      Bua 

Btrong.  Chiekeo. 
tl^ht.  Sold  to  the  Fanner  at  Whoi<«^ 
Prlem.     WnUj  Wftrrant«4l.     Catalog  Frea 

COELKD  SrRINQ  FEKCE  CO^ 
Box  AS  WlaeheflUr.  Lsdlaiu,  D.  8.  A, 


FOR    SALE. 

A  Mccormick 

IMPROVED 

Corn  Harvester 


It  is  in  perfect 

condition     a  n  d 

does  tine  work.L 

W.  E.  THOMAS,  » 

Nassawadox,  Va. 


MO  HUMBUG. 


Three 


Bonn.  Price  91.50.  Send  t1  for  (rlkl.  If  It  suits,  Mid  hnl- 
FARMER  BRIGHTON,  FAIRFIELD,  IOWA. 


FREE 


from  anxiety  over 

wasii  (Inv  are"  those 
whouseaDILLEY  QUEEN 
WASHER.  We  mnnufnc- 
lure  threestyles  of  wash- 
ers; to  introduce  them 
we  will  give  you  the  ad- 
vantage of  our  factory 
prices  for  a  short  time. 
Write  for  catalosue  anil 
prices.  Our  Up-to-Date 
at  $2.50. 

LYONS  WASHING   MACHINE  CO..  Lvons,  Mich. 


HIGHEST  PRICES  FOR  BALED 
HAY. 

The  prices  obtained  for  baled  hay 
are  largely  inflvRnced  by  its  appear- 
ance. Uniformity  of  sections,  even- 
ness and  squareness  of  ends,  command 
both  better  sales  and  better  prices 
than  poorly  baled  hay.  To  get  the 
best  prices  means  the  production  of 
the  best  appearing  bales,  and  in  this 
respect  the  work  done  by  the  Dederick 
baling  presses,  manufactured  by  the 
P.  K.  Dederick's  Sons,  Albany,  N.  Y., 
places  these  machines  in  the  lead. 
Every  farmer  interested  in  the  baling 
of  hay  or  straw  should  send  to  thi 
firm  for  their  latest  catalogue.  It  is 
instructive  and  contains  descriptions 
of  baling  machines  in  various  sizes 
and  styles  for  every  baling  need. 


FOR   AN    IDLE   MOMENT. 

He  kissed  her  back. — Atlanta  Consti- 
tution. She  fainted  upon  his  departure. 
— Lynn  Union.  She  seated  herself  upon 
his  entering. — AlMa  Democrat.  She 
whipped  him  upon  his  return. — Bur- 
Hnglon  Haiokeye.  How  about  the 
woman  who  was  hurt  in  the  fracas? — 
Raihcay  Age.  He  kicked  the  tramp 
upon  his  sitting  down. — American 
Pharmacist.  We  thought  she  sat  down 
upon  being  asked. — Saturday  Gossip. 
He  kissed  her  passionately  upon  her 
reappearance. — Jejferson  Souvenir.  A 
Chicago  foot  pad  was  shot  in  the  tun- 
nel.— Western  Medical  Reporter.  We 
feel  sorry  for  the  poor  woman  who  was 
shot  in  the  oil  regions. — Medical 
World.  And  why  not  drop  a  tear  for 
the  man  who  was  fatally  stabbed  in 
the  rotunda,  and  for  him  who  was 
kicked  on  the  highway? — Medical  Age. 
How  about  the  follow  that  was  shot 
in  the  tenderloin  district? — Rockwell 
Phonograph .  Please  shed  a  few  tears 
for  the  Ruthven  girl  who  was  hit  on 
the  front  porch. — Ruthven  (la.)  Ap- 
peal. 


CHLORO  NAPTHOLEUM. 

This  well-known  Dip  has  received 
very  strong  endorsement  recently  at 
the  hands  of  Dr.  G.  T.  Seabury.  State 
Veterinarian  of  Wyoming.  He  has  Is- 
sued a  proclamation  to  the  stockmen 
of  that  State,  that  all  stock  affected 
with  Texas  Itch,  Spanish  Itch.  Range 
Itch,  Mange  or  Lice  must  be  dipped, 
and  says  that  Chloro  Naptholeum  is 
the  best  possible  remedy  to  obtain, 
and  strongly  urges  its  use. 

The  West  Disinfecing  Co.,  manufac- 
turers, of  New  Yorlj^  no  doubt  feel 
proud  of  this  strong  endorsement,  and 
very  justly  so. 

Chlorc  Naptholeum  is  advertised 
elsewhere  in  this  issue. 


Why  is  a  kiss  like  a  sermon?  It  re- 
quires two  heads,  and  an  application. 

When  was  Shakespeare  a  broker? 
When   he   furnished   stock   quotations. 

Why  don't  Sweden  have  to  send 
abroad  for  cattle?  Because  she  keeps 
her  Stock-holm. 


The  Editor 

of  this  paper  would  not  publish  this  advertiBement 
if  h  didnotkuowtheOhioCarriageMfg.Co. 
to  be  perfectly  responsible, and  that  they  would 
make  good  every  claim  they  make  for  the  celebrated 

Split  Hickory  Vehicles 

Sold  on  30  Days  Free  Trial 

and  covered  with  iron-clad  guarantee  for  2  years. 


Splif 

Hickory 

Special 


Celebrated 


4760 


good  job,  and  at  least  I'i5  be 

juld  ask  lor  a  similar  job— n 

Hickory  on_e._  REMEMBER    we  manafactur. 


what 
Split 
Ickorr  one.      REMEMBER    we  manufacture 
ily  SPLIT  HICKORY  VEUICLEB.    Write  at 
once  tor  FBE£  Catalogue. 

OHIO  CARRIAGE  MFC.  CO., 
Station    41  ,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


SELLING  DIRECT 


.'so'." 

YEARS 

Vehicles  and  Harness  direct  to  consum- 
er at  factory  cost  plus  one  profit  only. 
Large  Catalogue  Free. 


Elkhart,  Ind. 


FRAZER 

Axle  Qrease  thf^'oSd 

Its  wearing  qualities  ar«  unsurpassed,  ac- 
tually outlasting  3  bxs.  any  other  brand, 
Not  affected  by  heat.    .«®-Get  the  Genuine. 
FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  DEALERS. 


SAN  JOSE  SCALE  S^S- 

GOOD'S    CAUSTIC    POTASH 
'WHALE  OIL  SOAP.  No.  3. 

It  also  prevents  Curl  Leaf.  Endorsed  by  en- 
tomologists. This  soap  is  a  fertilizer  as  well  as 
insecticide  60  lb.  kegs,  52.50;  100  lb.  kegs.  84  60. 
Half  barrels,  270  lbs.,  at  SJ^oC.  per  lb.;  barrels. 
425  lbs.,  at  3j^c.  Large  qnanUties,  special  rates, 
Send  for  circular. 

JAMES  GOOD. 
939-41  N.  Front  St.,  Philadelphia,  pa. 


Kearly  2  aoore  years  ve  h»TB 
been  trainlcg  men  and  womeo 
for  bosiness.  Only  Business  Col- 
lege in  Ta. ,  and  second  in  Soath 
to  own  its  building.  No  raoation. 
'Catalogue  free.  Bookkeepine, 
Shorthand.  Penmanship  by  nudl. 


"Leading  bus.  col.  south  Potomac  river." 


MARK     YOUR    STOCK, 

USE  THE 

KENTUCKY  ALUMINUM  EAR  LABEL 

Made  by  F.  H.  J.ackson  &  Co.,  Winchester,  Ky 
Write  to  them  for  free  samples. 


466 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[July 


/Iffl   ■  |B|      and  FERTILIZER 

GRAIN   DRILL 


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"^ 

FREE  SAMPLE 

Of  "THE    STORY    OF   MT     LITE      VND 
WOKK,"  By  liooker  T.  Washington. 

Send  us  yonr  name  and 
addreea.  Wo  want  you 
to  have  a  copy  of  tlila 
autobiography  ot  the 
greatest  living  Negro 
for  the  purpoEe  of  In- 
troducing It  In  your 
community.  It  la  a 
remarkable  eeller,  big 
profit;  agents  are  mak- 
ing from  $4  to  $  1 0  per 
day.  'Will  you  Intro- 
duce It  by  selling  or 
getting  ua  an  agent? 
If  EC,  send  at  otice  for 
a  sample, 
j;  J.  I..  >-ICBOLS  &  CO.. 
Atlanta,  Ga« 
Benin?  Price  81.00.  015  Austelt  RoJldlnK. 


HOMES  -•■■-  -"^--''^*^^  ^^ 


FIND  THEM. 


No  place  in  the  United  .States  can  a 
man  do  .so  well  at  farming,  for  th  e  money 
invested,  as  in  Virginia.  Lands  are 
cheap;  climate  good,  and  the  liest  of 
markets  close  at  hand.  It  is  the  State 
of  all  others,  for  a  comfortable  all  the 
year  round  home.  The  James  River 
Valley  Colonization  and  Improvement 
Company  offer  superior  advantages  to 
land  purchasers.  For  free  36  page  land 
pamjihlet,  address 

W.  A.  PARSONS,       Vinita,  Va. 

CAP  .Main  .=t.  Depot   Richmond,  Va. 


To  HOMESEEKERS. 

"THE  BUSINESS  OF  FARMING 
IN  VIRGINIA." 

Is  the  title  of  a  new  pamphlet  Issued  by  the 
Norfolk  and  Western   Railway  Company.    We 
will  gladly  mall  you  a  copy. 
W.  B.  BEVILL.      PAUL  SCHERER.  Agt.. 
G.  P.  A..      Lands  and  Immigration, 
Roanoke,  Va. 

V.F.    HAVE   A    LARGE    LIST   OF 

FRUIT,  POULTRY  and  TRUCK  FARMS 

Ten,  Fifty  and  One  Hundred  Acres  each,  with 

good  buildings,  close  to  steam  and  trolley 

lines,  easy  access  to  the  city.    Also 

a/tAIN  AND  STOCK  FAKMS 

From  100  to  1,000  acres  at  low  prices  all   the 

way  from  J5  to  $50  per  acre.    Write  for 

Catalogue. 

THE  VIRGINIA  LAND  AGENCY.  Richmond.  Va. 

J.  R.  HOCKADAY,  Manager. 


EMILYS  CHARGE. 
(A  Serial  Tale  by  Mary  Washington.) 

CHAPTEB    I. 

"Extraordinary!"  exclaimed  Mrs. 
Brown. 
"Preposterous I "  said  Mrs.  Smith. 
"Absurd!"  chimed  in  a  third  lady. 
"Quixotic!"  exclaimed  a  fourth. 
All  these  comments  were  uttered 
over  the  tea  table  of  Mrs.  Brown,  and 
the  subject  of  them  was  a  young  girl 
in  the  neighborhood,  Emily  Hening- 
ham.  an  orphan  left  in  charge  of  a 
young  sister  and  brother.  What  they 
criticized  in  her  was  the  fact  that  she 
had  declined  what  they  termed  "high- 
ly advantageous  offers"  to  adopt  her 
brother  and  sister,  declaring  her  reso- 
lution to  keep  them  with  her,  and,  if 
possible,  rear  and  support  them  her- 
self. She  was  a  girl  of  nineteen, 
whose  mother  had  recently  died,  leav- 
ing in  her  charge  a  sister  of  twelve 
and  little  brother  of  ten.  Her  father 
had  died  soon  after  the  war,  leaving 
his  family  much  straitened,  but  Mrs. 
Heningham's  right  of  dower  had  en- 
abled her  to  retain  a  home  for  herself 
and  children  during  her  lifetime.  Col. 
Heningham  had  been  deeply  Involved 
in  debt.  Owing  to  the  fatal  credit 
system  so  commonly  practiced  in  Vir- 
ginia before  the  war,  he  had  allowed 
liimself  to  fall  into  debt  almost  before 
he  knew  it.  He  might  have  extricated 
himself  without  difficulty  then,  but  his 
creditors  did  not  press  for  a  settle- 
ment nor  indeed  care  for  one,  as  they 
were  getting  a  good  interest  on  the 
claim,  and  his  property  seemed  an  am- 
ple security  for  its  final  settlement, 
but  when  the  day  of  reckoning  came 
after  the  war,  it  swept  all  he  had  ex- 
cept what  the  creditors  allowed  Mrs. 
Heningham  for  her  contingent  right 
of  dower. 

Mrs.  Heningham's  health  had  long 
been  delicate,  but  after  her  husband's 
death  she  became  increasingly  frail, 
so  that  the  care  of  the  younger  chil- 
dren devolved  more  and  more  on 
Emily,  who  loved  them  with  the 
double  love  of  mother  and  sister,  an 
affection  which  they,  on  their  part,  re- 
turned warmly.  The  little  girl.  Alice, 
was  very  sprightly  and  strikingly  pret- 
ty. The  boy.  N\%lter,  was  a  bright, 
impressive  child,  warm  hearted  and 
generous,  but  of  an  easy,  impression- 
able temperament,  that  made  him  pe- 
culiarly susceptible  to  any  strong  in- 
fluences, either  good  or  bad,  that  were 
brought  to  bear  on  him.  This  latter 
trait  his  mother  noted  in  fear  and 
trembling,  and  as  she  found  her  health 
declining,  this  subject  occasioned  her 
more  anxiety  than  any  other.  "I  wish, 
dear  Emily,"  she  said,  "that  you  could 
keep  your  brother  and  sister  with  you, 
especially  the  former.  You  under- 
stand his  disposition  and  temperament 
so  well,  and  would  strive  as  earnestly 
as  I  would  to  guard  against  and  coun- 
teract his  weak  points.  But  I  do  not 
see  how  this  can  be,  and  therefore  I 
will  hamper  you  with  no  promise,  and 
scarcely  feel  regret  to  hamper  you 
even  by  expressing  this  wish.     I   ear- 


IF  YOU  WISH  TO  SELL 


VIRGINIA    LANDS 

Communicate  with  us.    Write  for  free 
"Virginia   Real   Estate  Journal,"  con- 
taining many  splendid  barpil'is. 
R.  B.  CHAFFIN  &  CO.,  Idc  , 

No.  1  N  lOth  St  .  Richmond,  Va 


VrRGINIA  FARMS 

$3  PER  ACRE  AND  UPWARD*. 

EASY    PAYMENTS.     CATALOGUE    FREE. 

GEO.  E.  CRAWFORD  &  CO.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Elstabllshed  1875. 

'PIEDMONT  u"ues-" 

Good  land,    climate,   markets,    shipping  fa- 
cilities, churches,  schools,  good  health,  mode- 
rate prices,  easy  terms. 
HACON  &  CO.,        -         Orange,  Va. 

riUC  FIDMC  lu  the  great  fruit  grain  and 
llIlL     rAnmo    stock  section    of  VIRGINIA. 

tJest  climate  and  water  In  the  U.  8.  Near  great 
markets,  with  best  educational  advantages. 
For  farther  information,  address 

ALBEMARLE   IMMIGRATION  CO., 
3am'l  B.  Woods.  Pres  Charlottesville,  Va. 


VIRGINIA  FARMS 

All  prices  and  sizes.    Free  list  on  application. 
WM.B.  PIZZINI  CO..  Richmond.  Va. 


Go  South. 


For  full  par- 
ticulars write 
A,   JEFFERS, 
Norfolk,  Va. 


SOUTHWESTBRN    VIRGINIA 

BLUE  GRASS  FARMS  and  MINERAL  LANDS. 

Send  for  Free  Real  Estate  Bulletin. 
Southwestern  Va,  Land  Agency,  Wytheville,  Va. 


WANTED,  By  a  practical  Pennsyl- 
vania farmer,  to  rent  or  manage  a 
good  Virginia  farm.  Best  reference, 
address        "FARMER,"  WilUamsport,  Fa. 


WANTED 

POSITION  by  Practical  Poultry  man 
to  plan  and  build  a  duck  and  poultry 
plant  for  market,  for  a  man  having 
location  and  capital.  None  other  need 
answer.  Salary  expected  until  busi- 
ness is  established.  No.  1.  references 
given  and  same  required.  Address 
C.  P.  G., 
Care  Southern  Planter. 


WANTED— A  WHITE  FAMILY  TO  WORK 
for  waives  In  the  country:  woman  to  cook; 
another  to  work  In  house  and  dairy  (fuel 
and  water  right  at  band)  and  a  man  or  boy 
care  for  driving  horses,  work  In  garden. 
etc.  All  at  the  same  home.  Address, 
WALTER  R.^NDOLPH  CRABBE. 
Hague,  Westmoreland  Co.,  Va. 


You  pay  $4  when  cured, 
No  cure,  no  pav.  ALEX.  8PEIRS,  Box  M4. 
Weslbrook,  Maine. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


467 


FARMS  FOR  SALE! 

Farm  No.  2. 
Contains  265  acres;  215  under  culti- 
vation; 50  acres  original  oak  and 
hickory.  Fronts  on  the  pike  running 
from  Winchester  to  Alexandria;  five 
miles  from  railroad;  one-half  mile 
from  proposed  electric  railroad.  Excel- 
lent six-room  dwelling  house,  with 
broad  halls,  standing  in  a  large,  nicely- 
shaded  blue-grass  lawn;  all  necessary 
outbuildings;  land  chocolate  clay,  with 
stiff  clay  subsoil;  all  level,  but  rolling 
enough  to  drain  well;  fine  for  wheat 
and  grass;  well  watered.  Owner  con- 
templates making  improvements.  But 
if  sold  before,  price  $25  per  acre,  on 
easy  terms. 

No.  3. 
Contains  430  acres;  350  acres  under 
cultivation;  80  acres  in  good  original 
oak  and  hickory  timber.  Situated  in 
Loudoun  county,  four  miles  from  rail- 
road station;  one  mile  from  proposed 
electric  railroad.  Soil  in  fine  state  of 
cultivation;  adapted  to  grain  and  grass. 
Land  level  and  watered  by  streams, 
and  a  beautiful,  bold  spring  in  the  yard. 
Good  dwelling  and  outbuildings;  two 
new  stock  barns.  Greater  part  of  farm 
in  grass.    Price  now,  $20  per  acre. 

No.  4. 
Contains  100  acres,  all  under  cultiva- 
tion, and  in  good  condition.  Good 
frame  dwelling  and  all  necessary  out- 
buildings in  good  condition.  Situated 
on  the  pike,  with  market  wagons  pass- 
ing every  day,  paying  Washington  city 
prices  for  produce.  Splendidly  situated 
for  fruit,  poultry,  dairy  and  trucking. 
Price  now,  $2,000,  on  easy  terms. 

No.  5. 
Contains  163  acres;  one-half  under 
cultivation;  balance  in  second-growth 
timber.  Good  seven-room  dwelling  and 
necessary  outbuildings;  good  orchard 
in  fine  fruit  section.  Farm  lies  near 
Southern  railroad,  twenty  miles  from 
Washington;  well  watered;  a  splendid 
dairy   farm.     Price,   $2,000. 

No.  11. 

Contains  315  acres  in  high  state  of 
improvement.  Large  frame  dwelling, 
10  rooms.  2  large  cattle  barns,  and  all 
necessary  farm  buildings  in  good  re- 
pair. Land  watered  by  spring  branches. 
Situated  in  aristocratic  neighborhood. 
Convenient  to  depot  and  to  Washington 
market.     Price,  $50  per  acre. 

The  above-described  farms  are  situ- 
ated in  a  neighborhood  of  refined  citi- 
zens, with  good  labor  plentiful,  and 
will  not  be  on  the  market  long  before 
being  sold.  For  further  information 
and  a  more  detailed  description  of  any 
one  of  them,  write  to 

W.  E.  MILLER, 
Herndon,  Va. 


nestly  hope,  however,  that  our 
Heavenly  Father  may  open  a  way  for 
you  to  do  so." 

A  few  weeks  after  the  conversation 
recorded  above,  Mrs.  Heningham  pass- 
ed away,  heaven  borne  for  dying  seems 
scarcely  the  right  term  to  apply  to  the 
passing  away  of  so  pure  and  gentle  a 
soul.  The  neighbors  thought  Emily 
not  only  peculiar,  but  somewhat  insen- 
sible, because  she  did  not  give  way  to 
stormy  grief  or  gloomy  despair;  but 
amid  her  grief  and  loneliness  she  was 
sustained  by  a  keen  realization  of  the 
truth  that  her  mother  had  passed  into 
"the  land  of  the  living,"  the  truly  liv- 
ing, returning  into  the  flower  of  an 
exquisite  and  eternal  youth,  reunited 
to  the  lover  and  husband  of  her  youth, 
and  enjoying  every  truly  human  facul- 
ty, only  exalted  to  a  far  higher  degree 
of  perfection  than  is  possible  in  the 
life  of  the  body. 

But  although  Emily  did  not  give  up 
to  clamorous  grief  nor  persistent  de- 
pression, yet  all  her  life  long  she 
cherished  as  something  Inexpressibly 
dear  and  sacred,  the  memory  of  her 
mother,  whose  influence  always  linger- 
ed about  her,  helping  to  shape  and 
ennoble  her  whole  subsequent  life. 

After  the  first  few  days  of  bereave- 
ment had  passed  away,  Emily  began  to 
revolve  in  her  mind  what  arrange- 
ments she  should  make  for  the  future. 
Fortunately,  she  was  naturally  of  a 
decided  and  self-reliant  disposition, 
and  these  traits  had  been  strengthened 
by  the  experiences  through  which  she 
had  passed  since  her  father's  death. 
They  could  no  longer  live  at  their  old 
home,  which,  for  several  years  past, 
they  had  held  only  by  the  frail  tenure 
of  their  mother's  life  estate,  and  now 
with  the  exception  of  a  small  piece  of 
property  that  had  belonged  to  her, 
they  had  nothing.  Their  old  home 
was  a  noble  one,  situated  in  the  Pied- 
mont Valley  on  James  river.  It  bore 
the  name  of  "Soldier's  Joy,"  whii-h 
Emily's  great  grandfather  had  bestow- 
ed on  it,  in  the  joy  of  his  heart  when 
he  returned  from  the  Revolutionary 
war,  to  sit  down  under  his  own  vine 
and  fig  tree  with  his  family. 

Situated  on  a  gentle  hill,  the  house 
commanded  a  landscape  of  peaceful 
beauty,  James  river  flowing  between 
its  willow  fringed  banks,  wide  bot- 
tom lands  on  either  side,  covered  with 
tobacco,  or  waving  grass  or  long 
serried  ranks  of  corn,  the  canal  follow- 
ing the  line  of  the  river,  bordered  by 
locusts  and  other  trees,  which  in  sum- 
mer were  profusely  festooned  with 
garlands  of  white  dermats  and  scarlet 
trumpet  flower,  whilst  "Bome  blue 
peak?  in  the  distance  rose  to  give  a 
finishing  beauty  to  the   scene." 

The  yard  at  "Soldier's  Joy"  was  en- 
compassed by  a  belt  of  beautiful,  cone- 
like cedars,  whose  boughs  were  musi- 
cal with  the  songs  of  birds.  The  gar- 
den was  bisected  by  a  central  walk 
dividing  the  flower  a^d  vegetable  de- 
partments, like  the  line  between 
poetry  and  prose.  The  walk  was  bor- 
dered with  box,   a  shrub  dear  to  our 


MORPHINE 

OPIUM  AND  WHISKEY  HABITS  CURED  AT 
YOUR  HOME, 


WHAT   THOSE   SAY   WHO   ARE  CURED. 


Evidence   Voluntary   and   From   Such   Men   as   Dr. 
Tunstall  and  Others  Admits  of  No  Doubt. 


THE    NELSON    COUNTY    MEDICAL   &    SURGICAL 
SOCIETY— DR.  W.  M.  TUNSTALL.  PRES'T. 

LOVINGSTON,  VA.,  Dec.  12.  1902. 
Dr.  B.  M.  WOOLLBY,  Atlanta,  Ga. : 

Dear  Doctor. — As  I  am  alone  in  my  office 
to-night,  and  supposing  that  you  are  not  un- 
like otlier  M.  D.'s  in  appreciating  good  re- 
ports from  their  patients.  I  shall  do  what  I 
have  often  and  for  quite  a  while  intended, 
drop  you  a  few  lines. 

You  have  a  great  number  of  cases,  but  I 
shall  feel  it  deeply  if  you  do  not  recall  my 
sad  case.  I  am  glad  to  say  that  I  firmly  be- 
lieve that  I  am  entirely  and  permanently 
cured  of  the  Drink  Habit,  as  I  have  never 
even  so  much  as  wanted  a  drink  In  any  form 
since  I  took  your  eradicator,  now  eighteen 
months  ago.  It  was  the  best  Ten  Dollars  I 
ever  Invested.  Unfortunately  people  are 
skeptical,  and  especially  so  as  regards 
whiskey  cures,  as  I  freely  admit  I  was.  But 
not  so  now  (as  regards  your  remedy),  and  my 
chief  regret  Is  that  I  had  not  used  it  before 
I  did  and  that  I  cannot  personally  tell  every 
one  addicted  to  the  use  of  Inteodeuitfl  BV 
experience. 

This  endorsement  of  your  remedy,  as  you 
are  doubtless  aware,  is  positively  prohibited  by 
the  "American  Code  of  Medical  Ethics."  of 
which  I  am  a  strict  adherent,  but  my  excuse 
is  plain,  for  I  would  feel  that  I  was  not  a 
"manly  man"  could  I  not  speak  my  honest 
convictions  not  for  your  advantage,  but  all 
mankind. 

T  am  glad  to  say  the  above  Is  entirely 
voluntary  on  my  part,  &s  I  have  not,  as  you 
know,  heard  from  you  for  fully  twelve 
months.  With  ray  best  wishes  I  am  sincerely 
and  gratefyllv  yours, 

W.  M.  TUNSTALL,  M.  D. 

Address  for  book  and  full  particulars.  Dr. 
B.  M.  WOOLLEY.  200  Lowndes  Building.  At- 
lanta. Ga. 


The  RICHMOND,  FREDERICKSBURG 

and  POTOMAC  R.  R. 
and  WASHINGTON  SOUTHERN  R'Y 

Form  the  Link  connecting  the 

Atlantic  Coast   Line  R.  R., 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  R.  R., 
Chesapeake  and  Ohio  R'y. 
Pennsylvania  R.  R., 
J^eaboard  Air  Line  R'y 
and  Southern  R'y. 

Between  all  points,  via  Richmond,  Va. 

Fast  Mall,  Passenger  and  Express  Route  be- 
tween Richmond.  Fredericksburg,  AlexRU- 
rtria,  'Washington.  Baltimore,  Philadelphia, 
New  York,  Boston.  Pittsburg,  Buffalo  and  All 
Points  North,  East  and  West. 

W.  P.  TAYLOR.  Traffic  Manager.  Richmond.  Va. 


Mention    the    Southern    Planter    In 
writing. 


468 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[Julj 


ELMWOOD  NURSERIES. 

ASPARAGUS 

100,000  2-yr.  old  Asparagus  roots, 
5  varieties.  A  special  rate  of  $3.50 
per  1000  for  2  mos.  for  BARK'S, 
PALMETTO,  CONOVER. 

APPLES 

A  large  general  assortment,  in- 
cluding WINESAPS  and  YORK 
IMPERIALS. 

Splendid   Assortment 

of  Ornamental,  Shade 

and  Fruit  Trees. 


im 


from  B.  P.  Rocks,  Light 
Brahmas,  Brown  Leg- 
horns at  $1.00  per  13. 


WRITE  FOR  OUR  CATALOGUE. 


J.B.milllUBBO..itt[0.tO. 

Why  Not  Pet  the  Best? 

Pierce's    Celery  Compound 
(or'iConstlpation,    Dyspepsia,    Malaria    and 
Chills  and  Fevers,  and  a  general  tonic  tablet. 

Bend  fur  free  sample,  its  costs  you  nothing  to 
try  the  best  family  medicine  on  earth. 
AGENTS    WANTED. 

NATURE'S   REMEDY   CO., 

WASHINQTON.  D.  C. 


PILES 


Cured  Permanently 

By  LDMOLO  TABLETS. 


A  i)le:isaiU  home  remedy  that  is  guar- 
anteed to  cure.  One  of  the  purest  and 
be.st  medical  preparations  ever  com- 
pounded. Let  us  prove  our  .statements 
All  corres])ondence  stricilv  cunfidential 
Write  U.S.  Dr.  M.  L.  GATES,  Pres.  Lomolo 
Remedy  Co.,  288  Stewart  BIdg.,  New  York  City. 

GREENSBORO.  N.C. 

for  the  treatment  of  THE  LIQUOR,  OPIUM,  MOflPHINE  «n(f 
nther  Drug  Addictions.  The  Tobbacco  Habit,  Nerve  Exhaustion 


AGENTS.— Wc  can  i.iit  y„u  next  to  the 
best  sellers  out'  sell  cvcrywhe  eon  sight;  failure 
Impossible;  our  jiroposltfon  surprises  everybody; 
work  up  steady  trade  and  Income. 

Sample  circulars  free. 

DULL  SUPPLY  CO., 

126  Wallace  St.,  FORT  WAYNE,  IND- 


ancestors'  hearts.  The  flower  beds 
were  planted  in  lilies  of  the  valley, 
hyacinths,  white  violets,  tulips,  pinks 
and  peonies.  The  roses  consisted  of 
the  Greville,  the  damask,  the  velvet, 
the  tiny  little  ratiltiflora,  the  moss 
rose,  the  seven  sisters  with  their  vary- 
ing tints,  all  hliishing  on  one  stem. 
Then  there  were  lilacs,  both  white  and 
purple,  the  fragrant  yellow  .iessamlne 
and  delicate,  white  star  jessamine, 
noblest  of  all  flowers.  Altogether,  It 
was  a  charming  old  garden. 

We  have  seen  above  that  the  or- 
phans had  one  little  piece  of  property 
inherited  from'  |thelr  mother.  This 
was  a  cottage  within  a  mile  or  two  of 
a  popular  watering  place  in  the  moun- 
tains of  Virginia,  with  twenty  or 
thirty  acres  of  land  attached  to  It. 
The  way  it  came  into  Mrs.  Hening- 
ham's  possession  was  as  follows:  She 
had  an  old  aunt,  Miss  Melissa  Allison, 
who  had  great  faith  in  the  efficacy  of 
the  waters  at  the  above  mentioned  re- 
sort, but  who  could  not  stand  the  noise 
and  bustle  of  a  crowded  watering 
place,  and  who  therefore  bought  a 
little  tract  of  land  a  few  miles  from 
the  springs  and  built  herself  on  it  a 
cottage,  to  which  she  resorted  each 
summer  in  her  own  carriage,  attended 
by  her  own  cook  and  maid,  and  ac- 
companied by  one  or  two  nieces  or 
cousins.  When  the  old  lady  died  she 
bequeathed  the  cottage  and  tract  of 
land  attached  to  it  to  her  niece.  Mrs. 
Heningham,  and  now  this  little  piece 
of  property  was  the  only  resource 
Emily  had,  except  her  capacity  to 
teach. 

(To  be  Continued.) 


ASTOUND  £JU. 


During  a  visit  to  the  South  with  an 
eclipse  expedition  some  years  ago  an 
eminent  American  professor  met  an 
old  negro  servant  whose  duty  it  was 
to  look  after  the  chickens  of  the  es- 
tahlishmeut  where  he  was  staying.  The 
day  before  the  eclipse  took  place  the 
professnv  '"  — ■  irile  moment  called 
the  old  man  to  him  and  said:  "Sam, 
if  to-morrow  morning  at  11  o'clock 
you  watch  your  chickens  you  will  And 
they  will  all  go  to  roost." 

Sam  was  skentifnl.  of  course,  but 
when  at  the  appointed  time  next  day 
tiio  ;-■••>  ir,  flip  heavens  was  darkened 
and  the  chickens  retired  to  roost,  the 
negro's  astonishment  knew  no  bounds. 
He  approached  the  professor  in  awed 
wonder.  "Massa,"  he  asked,  "how 
long  ago  did  you  know  dat  dem 
chici-^" '■■  go  to  roost?" 

"Oh,  a  long  time,"  said  the  profes- 
sor, airily, 

"Did  you  know  a  yeah  ago,  massa." 

"Yes." 

"IJen  dat  boats  de  ^lehil!"  exclaimed 
the  astonished  old  man.  "Ucm  chick- 
ens wuzn't  hatched  a  yeah  ago!" — 
The  American  Inventor. 


What  should  you  do  if  you  split 
your  sides  with  laughter?  Run  'till  I 
got  a  stitch  In  them. 


^  Little!!Ghicks 

^thrive  when  fed  on  our'2 
ES^BABY  CHICK  FOOD. 
C  A  perfect  balanced  food.    Send  for  free 
sample  and  our  large  illustrated'  catalog 
of  POULTRY  SUPPLIES.        ZZZHUS^ 
Z::^-;:;8C  INCUBATORS  andl 

f-^   3    I  BROODERS. 
FANCIERS'  SUPPLY  CO., 
c:il517-519  West  Broad  St.,  i 

Ff  Richpnond,  Va. 
EVERYTHINQ   'POR   THE. 'FANCIER. 


White  Plymouth   Rock 


Eggs  (luring  .June  and  July,  13  for 
75c.:  30  for  $1.50.  No  White  Hol- 
land Turkey  eggs  for  sale  after 
.June  10th. 


JOH^  A    CLARK, 


Shirley,  Va- 


SPECIAL  SALE 

Pen,  very  fine  Barred  Plymouth  Rock  chick- 
ens, as  follows: 

8  %  full  stock  1  year  old  hens,  my  own  raising; 
1  thorough-bred  hen  from  S.  B.  Johnson  yards;  1 
thorough-bred  cockerel,  my  own  raising.  These 
are  very  fine  birds,  Vjeautifully  marked.  They 
are  well  worth  $15  00.  but  to  sell  quickly  will 
takeS12.0«.    This  Is  a  rare  opporHinity. 

PIEDMONT    POULTRY   PLACE, 
Miss  E,  Gallie  Giles,  Prop.  Whittle's  Depot,  Va. 


32  Varieties 
Best  Poultry 

in  either  old  or  young  Btockr 

JNO.  E.  HEATWOLE.  Harrisonburg.  Va. 


Reduced  price 
on  eggs  bill,  of 
season.  Getmy 
fine  catalog,  li 
free  for  stamp. 
Many  breeding 
birds  to  offer,  I 
can  please  yon 


BROWN   LEGHORNS. 


Young  stock  for  sale  in 

Fall.     Prices  reasonable. 

White   Plymouth    Rocks. 
R.  W.  HAW,Jr.,        -        -        Centralia,  Va. 


PIT  games: 

Black  Devils  and  Red  Horses. 

These  cocks  won  <)0  per  cent  of  batlles  fought 
in  lilOl  and  11)02  and  have  never  lost  a  battle 
when  gamenessand  ctitting  rpjalities  could  win. 
Choice  lot  of  younc  and  old  stock  for  sale. 

THOS.  W.  JARMAN,  Yancey  Mills,  Va. 


I 


l'ure-l)r('d,  yoiirif;. 

Barred  Plymouth  Rock 

liens  and  roosters,  for  sale:  75  ct-.  each. 
Miss  S.  M.  HITER,  Ellisville,  Louisa  Co.,  Va. 


pn  ATP  "fs^  handsome,  hardy  and 
UUA  I  O  protUable  For  large  clr- 
>s  E.  W.  COLE  &  CO.,  Big  Clitty,  Ky. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTEK. 


469 


WANTED! 

ALL  KINDS   OF 

LIVE  WILD  BIRDS  AND  ANIMALS 

Particularly   Deer,   Wild   Turkeys,   White 

Squirrels,    Ducks,    Swans,   Etc. 

CECIL  FRENCH, 

718  Tweltth  St.  N.  W..  Washington,  D.  C. 

BARRED  and   BUFF 

PLYMOUTH  =  ROCKS 

AT   HALF    PRICE. 

FRED  NUSSEY  SUMMIT,  Spots.  Co..  Va. 

HAWKSLEY  STOCK  FARM. 

Large    ENGLISH    6ERKSHIRES 
B.  P.  ROCKS  FOWLS, 

Eggs  from  same,  $1  per  13. 
J.  T.  OLIVER,       Allen's   Level,  Va. 

FOR    SaLiE. 

Large  English  Berkshire  Hogs, 
Barred   Plymou'h  Rocl(  Chickens 

BEN.  BOLT,  60747.  430  lbs.  as  a  yearling  at 
head  of  herd.       *rEGGS  IN  SEASON. 
JOHN  P.  FOSTER,  Nocreek,  Ohio  Co.,  Ky. 

CHOICE  YOUNG 

BERKSHIRES 

of  Both  Sexes,  for  Sale. 

By  Hlghclere  Topper  of  Blltmore  II,  out  of 
Imported  Harlene. 

Miniborya  Parni,  Box  901,  Richmond,  Va. 

ESSEX   PIGS-FOR  SALE. 


Some  fine  Pigs,  from 
Registered  Stoc;  ,  noi 
imated,  at  SIO.OO  per  pair, 
crated  F.  O.  B.  8  to  10 
weeks  old.  Your  orders 
solicited.         ,1^       -'**' 


L.  G.  JONES,  Bethania,  N.  C, 


Registered  ^enfilirre: 

C.  Whites.  Fine  large 
strains.  All  ages,  mated 
not  a  in.  s  week,  pigs. 

Bred  sows.  Service  boars 

and  Poultry.    Write  for  prices  and  free  circular. 
P.  F.  HAMILTON,  Cochranville,  Chester  Co..  Pa. 

Don't  Like  Cheap  Stuff  No  How 

Even  the  best  Is  never  too  good.  You'd 
better  buv  of  Owens.  Finest  Stock.  Prices 
right.  DUROC  JERSEY,  best  all  purpose 
hog;  also  POLAND  CHINA.  B.  P.  R.  Chick- 
ens. II.  B.  Turkeys,  M.  P.  Ducks.  Eggs  In 
season.  Write,  or  better  still,  call  and  see. 
THE  CEDARS  Wn.  G.  0WEN5, 

P.  and  S.  FARn.  Midlothian,  Va. 


WANTED— Pair  Pure  Bred  PERCHERON 
and  CLYDESDALE  Brood  Mares;  DUROC 
Boar  and  Sows;  one  SHROPSHIRE,  SOUTH- 
DOW.'>J  and  LINCOLN  Ram  and  five  Ewes. 
Address  STOCK,  care  Southern  Planter,  with 
prices   and    particulars. 


SOME  AMUSING   LETTERS. 

Platte  City,  Mo.,  Jan.  25,  1903. 
Gentlemen, — The  wheels  I  got  of 
you  carried  an  old  Spanish  cannon 
itrom  Tracey  to  Platte  City  over  a  turn- 
pike road  with  rocks  sticking  above 
the  surface  four  inches.  The  cannon 
weighed  14,000  pounds,  and  people  ex- 
pected to  see  the  wheels  break  down, 
but  they  didn't.  I  broke  two  axles 
and  pulled  the  tongue  out  once,  but 
the  wheels  did  not  break,  and  if  in 
1,000  years  from  now  any  one  visits 
Platte  City  the  old  cannon  will  still 
be  standing  and  people  will  tell  about 
the  little  sprindling  wheels  that  car- 
ried it  there.  Yours  truly, 

J.  C.  H. 


Evansville,  Ind.,  April  21,  1903. 
Gentlemen, — Some  time  ago  I 
bought  a  set  of  metal  wheels  of  you, 
and  like  them  very  much.  I  have 
trouble  keeping  my  wagon  at  home,  as 
my  neighbors  have  bothered  the  life 
out  of  me  ever  since  I  got  it.  I  would 
not  do  without  it,  and  never  use  my 
high  wagon  at  all,  except  when  my 
neighbors  have  my  little  wagon.  As 
ever,  I  remain.  Yours  respectfully, 
C.  H. 


Dover,  N.  H.,  April  6,  1902. 

Dear  Sirs, — Prom  your  catalogue  I 
believe  you  sent  me  stronger  wheels 
than  I  ordered.  You  must  have 
thought  I  was  looking  for  a  bargain, 
and  I  certainly  got  one,  as  they  are  as 
good  to-day  as  when  they  left  the  shop 
and  run  one-third  easier  on  smooth, 
hard  road,  and  two-thirds  easier  on  a 
soft  or  sandy  road.  We  would  have 
better  roads  with  less  expense,  could 
draw  the  same  load  easier,  have  fewer 
balky  horses,  and  our  chances  of 
reaching  heaven  would  be  increased 
25  per  cent,  if  we  all  used  wide  tired 
metal  wheels. 

Thanking  you  for  the  new  catalogue 
and  booklet,  I  am. 

Very  truly  yours, 

C.  E.  H. 

The  original  of  these  letters  can  be 
seen  at  the  office  of  the  Electric 
Wheel     Co..     Quincy,     111.,     to    whose 


wheels  and  wagons  they  refer.  Send 
for  their  free  catalogue  and  know 
more  about  their  wheels  and  wagons. 

A  BUSTED  BRONCO. 

To  the  Gazette: 

Bronco  busting  on  the  range  is  al- 
ways an  interesting  topic  to  the  boys 
who  are  raised  upon  the  farms  of  the 
great  Central  West,  and  who  often 
mount  unbroken  colts  for  the  first 
time  while  they  are  running  in  the 
pasture,  frequently  without  having 
saddle  or  bridle  on  them.     After  wit- 


Warranted 

to  give  satisfaction. 


GOMBALLT'S 

CAISTIC  BALSAM 

A  safe,  speedy  and 
positive    cure    for 

Curb ,  Splint ,  Sweeny ,  Capped  Hock , 
Strained  Tendons,  Founder,  Wind  Puffs, 
and  all  lameness  from  Spavin,  Ringbone 
and  other  bony  tumors.  Cures  all  skin 
diseases  or  Parasites,  Thrush,  Diphtheria. 
Removes  all  Bunches  from  Horses  or 
Cattle. 

A9  a  I 

matlani,    _^ 

is  invaluable. 
Every  bottle 

Warranted  to  ^^,^  ™.. ^- — -w  ^. — 

per  bottle.     Sold  by  druggists,  or  sent  by  « 
press,  charges  paid,  with  full  directions  for  its 
use.     Send  for  descriptive  circulars,  testimo- 
nials, etc.    Address 
THE  LiWREKCB-WILLIiMS  COMPANY,  CleT eland,  Ohio. 


DEATH  TO  HEAVES 


NEWTON'S  Hmtc,  Congb,  IHt» 
temper    and  Indigestion  Cure, 

rinar;  specific  for  wiad^ 


Shropshire  Rams. 

In  this  ray  annual  offering  of  Rams,  I  feel 
safe  in  saying  that  it  contains  one  of  the  best 
lot  of  yearling  Rams  that  has  been  offered  at 
the  price  in  the  United  States  for  a  long  time. 
These  Rams  are  14  months  old,  and  weigh 
(May  15th)  150  to  163  pounds,  actual  weight. 
They  have  individual  merit  backed  by  strong 
breeding.  Careful  selection  will  be  made  for 
parties  at  a  distance. 

ENGLISH  SETTER  PUPS. 

(Count  Rodo,  ex-Gladys  R.,  both  prize  win- 
ners.) 

WARREN  RICE,  Winchester,  Va. 


^V^OODLAKD   DORS£T8. 


ONE  of  our  customers  writes:  "My  sales  of 
grade  Dorset  winter  lambs  run  this  year: 
first  S7  head  brought  $S70;  then  prices  de- 
clined somewhat.  I  am  looking  for  another 
good  Dorset  ram."  Woodland  Dorsets  are 
standard  in  excellence. 
J.  E.  WING  &  BROS..  Mechnnirsburg.  Ohio. 


150  JACKS,  JENNETS 

'^  and  Mules  150 

^^^^^^^^^^  I^est  dj^sortment  1  ever  owned. 

^B^^^^^n     for  description  and  prices. 
■  WAlsort  ill  sell  two  Percheron 

^^■■^^^^Jl    Stallion?  at  close  tlsfures. 
BAKER'S  JACK  FARM,  Lawrence.  Ind. 


Mention    the    Southern    Planter    iu 
writing. 


470 


THE  SOUTHEKX  PLANTER. 


[July 


RERKSHIREf^ 

ANNEFIELD  HERD 

Represents    the 

Finest  Blood  Lines 

in  England  or  America. 

Stock  for  sale  at  all  times. 


Correspondence  Sollctled. 

Inspection  Invited. 


EDW.  G.  BUTLER.  Annefield  Farms, 

Briggs,  Clarke  Co..  Va. 


Poland=China  and 

7  am  worth  Pigs  for  Sale — 

eligible  to  registration;  also 

Hampshire  Down   Sheep 

and  grade  Hereford  cattle,  yi  or  % 

bred.     Calve.s,  yearlings  and  2  yx.  old. 

J.  C.  GRAVES.  Barboursvllle.  Orange  Co.,  Va, 


liKociK  Stock  Fabji 


SKropshire  SKeep. 

Very  fine  yearling  bucks,  sired  by  best 
English   bucks,  from  pure-bred   native 
ewes.     Fine  ewe  lambs  for  sale. 
C.  A.  SAUNDERS,  Culpeper,  Va. 


SHORTHORN  ?i'.^'■o'=„ro^,1 

FOR   SALE. 

Close  descendants  of  the  World's  Fair  greatest 
winners  In  1893,  and  also  up  to  the  present  time. 
Bi-EciiL  offer:— A  l-year  old  Roan  Bull  Calf  ai 
Ti"  If  taken  soon. 

Poland-China  Pigs  of  the  best  and  most  fash- 
ionable    breeding.    Spring    Pigs    now    ready. 


WM,  T.  THRASHER,  Springwood,  Va. 


2  Nice  Red 

SHORTHORN  BULL  CALVES 

for  sale,  ages  2  inos.  and  ti  wk.s. 

Sire,  Keg    and  Scotch  topped ;  Dams 
high  grade  shorthorns,  dairy  strain. 

Prices  cheap,  quality  considered. 
REPASS  BROS.,  Maplewood  Farm,  Wylheville,  Va 


•^"2.  SHORTHORN^* 

BULL   CALVES  FOR  SALE. 

Calved  May  1st  and  8th 
Gran<l  parents  Kegistereil. 

THOS,  B.  DAVIS,  Stanardsville,  Greene  Co.,  Va, 


Aryshires,   Berkshires  and  Oxford-Downs. 

Ayrshire  Calves  of  both  sexes,  Berkshire 
rigs  and  Boar  and  1  Oxford- Dovrn  Rams  for 
sale.  MELROSE  CASTLE  FARM. 

Enos  H.   Hess,   Manager,  Casanova,  Va. 


nessing  a  genuine  bronco  busting  I 
can  truthfully  say  that  although 
"busted"  may  be  rather  an  inelegant 
phrase  it  much  more,  comprehensively 
and  correctly  expresses  the  condition 
of  the  bronco,  or  horse,  after  he  has 
survived  the  course  of  treatment  com- 
monly known  as  "busting,"  than  does 
"trained"  or  "broken."  To  give  the 
impression  that  it  is  the  only  method 
employed,  that  there  are  no  carefully- 
trained  horses,  would  be  a  great  in- 
justice to  the  very  many  excellent 
horsemen  of  the  West  who  love  their 
horses  and  whose  horses  love  them. 

One  bright  Sabbath  morning  last 
summer  I  saw  a  group  of  horsemen  ap- 
proaching at  a  gallop — half  a  dozen 
wild,  happy,  young  fellows  from  18 
lo  20  years  of  age,  who,  in  response 
to  a  greeting  and  a  query,  shouted 
back:  "We're  going  to  have  some  fun: 
we're  going  to  bust  a  bronco."  Having 
nothing  else  to  do  just  then  (there 
was  no  church  within  twenty  miles) 
I  decided  to  watch  the  sport.  The  vic- 
tim selected  was  an  under-sized  3-year- 
old,  tough  and  wiry,  and  the  blood  of 
the  cayuse  ran  strong  within  his  veins. 
A  few  minutes'  hard  riding  separated 
him  from  the  band.  Then  how  hard 
he  tried  to  regain  it.  dodging,  turning, 
running  until  the  sweat  streamea  from 
every  pore,  of  his  body  and  his  breath 
came  quick  and  hard!  Suddenly  a 
lasso  whirled  through  the  air,  the  loop 
encircled  the  bronco's  neck,  the  throw- 
er drew  in  his  horse,  but  the  bronco 
did  not  know  what  was  coming.  When 
the  rope  tightened  with  a  jerk  the 
bronco  was  thrown  sprawling  on  the 
ground.  Quickly  he  jumped  to  his 
feet  and  stood  tugging  at  the  rope  that 
tightened  around  his  neck,  shutting 
off  his  wind  until  another  rope  was 
thrown  around  his  fore  legs  and  he 
was  again  thrown  upon  the  ground. 
Next  a  heavy  cowboy  saddle  was  put 
upon  his  back.  Poor  bronco  groaned 
as  a  pair  of  muscular  arms  drew  the 
cinch  up  tight  around  his  body.  After 
vainly  striving  to  throw  the  saddle 
from  his  back  and  to  crawl  through 
the  girth  the  bronco  stopped  to  rest  a 
moment. 

One  of  the  boys  was  a  newcomer,  a 
lank,  ungainly  youth  of  18.  It  now 
became  apparent  that  the  sport  was 
to  be  something  of  a  boy-busting  as 
well  as  bronco-busting.  After  much 
persuasion,  taunts  and  the  exaction  of 
a  solemn  promise  from  the  other  boys 
to  keep  hold  of  the  rope  so  bronco 
oow\(\  not  run  away,  he  consented  to 
mount.  He  settled  himself  nicely  in 
the  saddle,  the  bronco  being  too  sur- 
priseii  to  move,  when  Jim  quickly  ran 
behind  bronco,  catching  him  across 
the  thishs  with  an  unward  jerk  of  the 
rope.  The  bronco  jumped  stranght  uj) 
in  the  air:  he  went  so  high  he  had  time 
to  arch  his  Imck  like  a  rainbow,  tuck 
his  tail  between  his  hocks,  his  nose 
between  his  knees  and  set  every 
muscle  in  his  legs  firm  and  rigid  be- 
fore coming  back  to  earth  again.  When 
his  hoofs  struck  the  ground  a  look  of 
mingled  pain  and  terror  came  over  the 


Kentucky 
HEREF0RD5 

Headed  by  the  famous 

ACROBAT 

No.  G8460  and  the  celebrated 

inPORTED  BRITISHER 

No.  145096  Champion  Bull  over  all  breeds  In 
England  and  Grand  Sweepstakes  Champion 
at  Chicago  1902  Live  Stock  Exposition. 

We  can  furnish  buyers  with  anytblng  tbey 
wish  from  the  FANCIEST  THAT  CAN  BB 
BRED  to  the  cheaper  class  usually  desired  by 
the  beginner.  Write  us  before  buying.  Glad 
to  answer  inquiries. 

Qiltner  Bros.,  Eminence,  Ky. 


Hereford  Cattle. 

A  number  of  voung  Registered 

HEREFOED  Bulls  and  Heifers, 

not  akin,  at  reasonable  prices. 

STONEHURST  FRUIT  AND  STOCK  FARM, 

Union  Mills,  Fluvanna  Co,,  Va 


FOR    SALE 
8  Reg.  HEREFORD  BULLS 

From  6  mos.  to  3  yrs.  old. 

8  Reg.  HEIFERS 

From  6  to  18  mos.old.    At  reasonable  price*. 
HAYFIELDS  STOCK  FARM.    Cockeysville,  Md. 


DORSETS  and  HEREFORDS. 


I  am  now  ofiFering  my  superior  herd  bull 
ROY  MAY,  86183;  and  someone  male  calves.  I 
am  also  booking  orders  for  Dorset  rams  and 

ram  lambs. 

H.    ARMSTRONG,    LAMTZ    MILLS,   V«. 


ELLERSLIE    FARM  3^ 
Thoronglibred  Horses 

AND  SHORTHORN  CAHLE, 

Pure  Sovtbdown  Sheep 
and  Berksbire  Pigs. 

Fob  Sale.     E.  J.  HANCOCK  &  SON, 
Chaelottksvillk,  Va. 


COOK'SCREEK  HERD 

Scotch-Topped 
Shorthorns^*. 

Herd   Headed    bv    Governor   Tyler,  1585  48. 
Young  Bulls  for   sale.    Inspection   and    corres- 
pondence invited. 
HEATWOLE  &  SUTER,  Dale  Enterprise,  Va. 


REGISTERED    JERSEY     BULLS    "«    "LE 
AT   A    BARGAIN. 

Calves  1  and  2  yr.  olds;  also 
EGGS  FOR  HATCHING,  W.  &  B.  P.  Rocks, 
W.   &  B.  Leghorns,   and   S.   L.    Wyan- 
dottes,  75  cents  for  15. 

J.  B.  .JOHNSON,  Manassas,  Va. 
"Clover  Hill  Farm." 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


471 


ANGUS  CATTLE  FOR  SALE 

AT  A  BARGAIN. 


High-Grade  and  Registered  Angus 
Cattle:  all  ages  of  males  and  females. 
Get  our  prices  before  you  purchase. 
We  can  save  you  money. 

One  Very  Fine  Dark-Gray  Horse,  16 
hands,  weighs  1,125.  He  is  very 
stylish,  quick  and  active.  A  splendid 
driver,  well  broken  in  single  and 
double  harness  and  a  fast  mover.  He 
is  cheap  at  our  price,  $200.00. 

W.  M.  WATKINS  &  SONS, 

Randolph,   Va. 

Charlotte  county. 


r  ABERDEEN-ANGUS  BULLS  FOR  SALE. 

1.  My  Herd  Bull.  ROCKBRIDGE  ABAC- 
TOR, No.  lose"!,  3  yrs.  old  Dec.  2d  last;  $400. 

2.  A  Bull  Calf,  bora  Dec.  20tli;  sired  by  ♦he 
above  "Abactor";  dam,  "Pride  of  Potomac"; 
No.   42607;   $100. 

3.  A  Bull  Calf,  born  Dec.  12th;  sired  by 
the  above  "Abactor";  dam,  a  thoroughbred 
Angus  Cow  bred  by  the  late  William  A.  Ruft. 
Pure  breeding  can  be  shown  for  this  calf, 
tut  being  out  of  an  unrecorded  dam  he  can- 
not be  registered;   $50. 

None  of  these  will  be  sold  until  October, 
and  should  the  calves  at  that  tife  not  prove 
to  bo  good  specimens  of  the  breed  they  will 
be  withdrawn  from  sale. 

B.   F.   DAT,    Glasgow,    Va. 


MONTEBELLO  HERD  OF 

Aberdeen-Angus  Cattle. 

3  Reg.  Bull  Calves  for  sale.  Ages,  10,  6  and  5 
months; 

1  Thoroughbred  (not  entitled  to  registration), 
male,  2  months  old. 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS  of  Biltmore  Strain. 

L.      H.     GRAY,     LOCK     BOX    SB. ORANGE,    V*. 

FOR   SALE, 

My  ABERDEEN. ANGUS  Herd  Bull, 

Hero  of  Bunker  Hill,  No.  31,462. 
He  is  an  extra  good  breeder, 

J,  TABB  JANNEY,  Van  Cievesville,  W,  Va, 


"Pine  Pakk  Stock  Farm." 

Aberdeen  Angus 

Cattle  for  sale. 
J,  H,  ELLIS,  Thornhill,  Orange  Co.,  Va. 

Shadow   Brook    Poultry   Farm. 


Extra  tine  pedigreed  Scotch  Collie  Pups  Si.OO 
each.  A  trained  vearling  female  510.00.  Thor- 
oughbred B.  P.  Ro'ck  eggs  51.00  per  30.  Yearling 
hens  »1.00  each.  Pekin  ducljs  Sl.OO  each.  M.  B. 
turkeys,  one  year  old,  S;i.00  pair. 

C.  H.  BENNETT, 

Goodman,  Va. 


countenance  of  his  rider,  who  bounded 
from  the  saddle  and  a  moment  later 
stood  at  a  safe  distance  pale  and  trem- 
bling, looking  with  surprise  and  fear 
at  the  bronco,  by  no  means  enjoying 
the  shouts  of  laughter  from  his  com- 
panions. 

A  more  experienced  rider  next 
mounted;  if  the  bronco  bucked  the 
quirt  lashed  his  sides;  if  he  tried  to 
run  the  heavy  curb  bit  brought  him 
to  his  haunches;  if  he  stood  still  he 
cruel  spur  was  dug  Into  his  flank. 
Thus  one  by  one  the  boy.'?  tried  their 
skill  at  the  busting  until  the  bronco 
was  completely  exhausted  and  looked 
as  though  he  wanted  to  die.  As  a  last 
resort  an  old,  battered  tin  pail  was 
tied  to  his  tail.  He  spent  a  few  mo- 
ments in  a  fruitless  endeavor  to  kick 
it  off  and  then  collapsed  entirely. 
Nothing  could  make  him  budge  an 
inch  or  lift  a  foot.  He  was  pronounced 
"too  tame"  by  the  boys,  who  pulled  off 
the  bridle,  mounted  their  horses  and 
disappeared  in  a  cloud  of  dust.  Two 
days  later  I  saw  the  bronco  sneak  out 
of  a  clump  of  scrub  pine  and  grease- 
wood.  There  was  a  look  of  sadness  in 
his  eye.  His  ears  drooped  and  his  tail 
hung  limp  as  with  suspicious  glances 
and  halting  steps  he  dragged  his  stiff- 
ened legs  across  the  range  to  join  the 
band — a  busted  bronco. 

Breeders'  Gazette.        Hayseed,  Jr. 


WAS  HE  THE  LAST? 
President  Tucker,  of  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege, is  made  the  victim  of  one  of  the 
best  jokes  of  the  season  by  a  story  told 
by  one  of  his  closest  friends,  now  in 
the  city.  A  couple  of  summers  ago 
the  college  president  spent  a  part  of 
the  heated  season  on  a  farm  up  in  the 
northern  part  of  Vermont.  It  was  a 
delightful  place,  but  the  classical  visi- 
tor found  that  even  that  haven  of  rest 
had  some  drawbacks.  As  the  follow- 
ing summer  approached  Dr.  Tucker 
again  bethought  himself  of  the  quiet 
farm  as  a  place  of  summer  refuge,  and 
wrote  to  the  farmer:  Your  place  is  a 
well-spring  of  delight;  it  is  pictures- 
que,, comfortable,  home-like.  The 
house  is  well  kept,  the  table  worthy 
of  the  highest  commendation,  and,  In 
short,  everything  save  two  features 
is  conducive  to  utmost  satisfaction. 
These  exceptions  are  the  kitchen  me- 
thods of  your  hired  girl;  and  second, 
the  fact  that  the  pen  in  which  you 
maintain  your  swine  is  located  in  too 
close  prcximity  to  the  house.  If  these 
exceptions  were  eliminated  it  would 
he  a  source  of  the  most  profound  plea- 
sure for  me  to  again  join  you  this 
coming  summer." 

The  farmer  received  the  note,  and 
anxious  to  again  have  the  distin- 
guished boarder  with  him,  wrote: 

"Dear  Mr.  Tucker, — Yours  rec'd,  and 
I  hasten  to  reply.  We  will  be  glad  to 
have  you  with  us.  Hannah  has  went. 
and  there  have  not  been  any  Hogs  on 
the  place  since  you  left  last  sum- 
mer."— yew  York  Tribune. 


V.P.I. 

Farm  Bulletin 

Our  Jersey  Herd  Bull  for  sale— PEDRO'S 
VIRGINIUS,  45919,  grandson  of  Pedro,  3187, 
and  of  Marjoram  Second,  12805,  both  of 
World's  Fair  fame.  The  Bull  offered  baa 
been  used  in  our  herd  for  several  years,  and 
lb  sold  to  prevent  In-breeding.  Price  low, 
quality  considered. 

D.  0.  NOURSE,  Prof,  of  Agr. 
Blacksburg,  Va. 


Red    Polled    Cattle 

FOR  SALE. 

ALL   PfTRE   BRED  &  REGISTEEEB. 
1  Bull,   3  years   old.     Large  and  well 

formed.     Price,  $125.00. 
1  Cow,  4  years  old.     In  calf  by  above 

bull.     Price,  $125.00. 
1  Heifer,  2  years  old.     In  calf  by  above 

bull.     Price,  $15.00. 
1   Bull  calf  sired  by  above  bull,  four 

months  old.     Price,  $50.00. 
The   above    cattle    are    all   in   fine, 
healthy  condition,  and  are  sure  breed- 
ers. 
H.  K.  FOSTER,     Blacksburg,  Va. 


Swift   Creek  Stock  and   Dairy  Farm 

Has  for  sale  a  large  num- 
ber of  nice  young  regii- 
tered  A.  J.  C.  C. 


*Sk 


JERSEY  BULLS 
AND  HEIFERS. 


None  better  bred  in  the  South.  Combining 
closely  the  most  noted  and  up-to-date  blood 
in  America.  Bulls  10  to  12  months  old,  J25: 
Heifers,  same  age,  $35.  POLAND  CHINA 
PIGS,  $5  each.  Send  check  and  get  what 
jou  want. 

T.  P.  BRASWELL,  Prop."  Battleboro,  N.  C. 


ST.    OMER    HERD 

Offers  young  bulls  fit  for  service,  out  of 
tested  dams  with  good  yearly  records.  Strong 
In  Exile  of  St.  L.,  King  of  St.  L.  and  Stoke 
Pogis  of  Prospect.    Reasonable  prices. 

JOS.  T.  HOOPBS,  Bynum,  Md. 


FOR    SALE. 

■2  JERSEY  COWS  ;  1  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR 
10  cans  and  jackets  for  same,  1  ICE  BOX. 

Am  changing  my  business,  so  will  sell  th» 
above  at  very  reasonable  price,    address 

C.  n.  BASS,  Rice  Depot.  Va. 


COLLIE   PUPS 


By  Imported  Sires.  Sable  and  white  and  tri  - 
colors.  Prices.  $Stofl.5.  Older  ones  correspond- 
ingly low-  Book  on  Training.  .■»  cents :  Free  if 
you  buy  a  Collie.  MAPLEMONT  STOCK  FARM, 
Albany,  Vermont. 


ANGORA  GOATS. 

57  head  pure,  grade  aad  common  goats 
for  sale. 

C.  H.  NOLTINQ, 
P,  0.  Box  322,  -  RICHMOND,  VA. 


472 


THE  SOUTHEKX  PLANTEIt. 


Julv 


GETTING  A  CONSTANT  WATER 
SUPPLY. 

Of  the  many   iilans   in   use  for   thi 
raising  of  water  there  is  nothing  that 
takes  precedence  of  the  power  of  tho 
natural   stream,   when  proper  machin 
ery  Is  installed  to  apply  It.    And  ji:s 
here  it  is  proper  to  remark  that  ou    ' 
advertising    columns    are    showing    in  I 
the  Rife  Hydraulic  Engine,  a  machin 
most  excellently  adapted   to  this  pur  I 
pose.     Its  varying  sizes   meet  the   ro  I 
quirements  of  a  large  or  limited  ser 
vice,   and    the   power   required    Is   so ' 
small  in  proportion  to  the  duty  it  pei| 
forms  that  there  are  but  few  country 
places  with  running  streams  where  it 
will  not  give  most  satisfactory  service. 
An  idea  of  the  machine  may  be  gather- 
ed   from    the   cut   shown    here.     It    is 
not   only   effective,   but  simple   in   the 
extreme  and  very  durable.     A  beauty 
about    all    such    powers,    and    particu- 
larly  the   Rife   Engine,   is   that   when 
once  installed   there  is  practically  no 
expense   for   many   years    to    come    In 
the  running.     Many  Rife  Engines  have 
been    in    constant    operation    for    up- 
wards of  ten  years  without  a  dollars' 


worth  of  repairs.  In  the  vicinity  of 
New  York,  where  they  are  best  known, 
they  are  a  familiar  sight,  seeming  to 
have  been  adopted  with  one  accord  as 
the  improved  plan  of  raising  water 
for  all  purposes  at  the  country  seats. 
About  a  dozen  years  ago.  one  of  these 
engines  was  installert  on  the  famous 
Biltmore  estate  at  Asheville.  N.  C.  and 
it  proved  so  effectual  that  to-day  there 
are  now  fourteen  Rifes  employed,  fur- 
nishing water  for  all  the  various  pur- 
poses fnr  which  they  have  use.  Very 
recently  an  irrigating  plant  has  been 
established  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands, 
near  Honolulu,  with  a  Rite  Engine  for 
its  base,  and  furnishing  .S.oon  gallons 
per  minute.  These  are  but  sugges- 
tions of  its  popularity  and  scope  of 
duty.  To  the  small  country  user  it 
suggostp  easy  possibilities  in  the  way 
of  an  economical  and  constant  fresh 
water  supply.  Whoever  is  wrestling 
with  a  water  problem  should  write  to 
the  Rife  Engine  Co..  126  Liberty 
street.  New  York,  for  their  catalogue, 
and  get  further  information. 


What    is    the    difference    between  a 

clock    and    a    i>artnership?     When  a 

clock    is   wound    up    it   goes;    when  a 
firm  is  wound  up  it  stops. 


ARMOUR'S  BLOOD  MEAL 


Curat  Seours 
in  Calves. 

First  proved  by  tho  Kansas  Agricnltural  Experiment  Station,  and  sinco 

corroborated  by  thousands  of  leading  stockmen  who  have  nsed  it  without 

a  single  failure.      Equally  effective  for  the  diarrhea  of  all  animals. 

PREVENTS  wealc  bones,  paralysis  of  the  hind  legs  and  "thumps" 

in  pigs;  "big  head"  of  foals;    "riclcets"  of  all   yoimg   animals; 

abortion  due  to  incomplete  nutrition,  and  a  host  of  other  troubles. 

A  Potent  Food  for  Work  Horses,  Dairy  Cows,  Poultry. 

Write  us  for  booklet  giving  valuable  information  about  Blood  Meal  and  our 
other  feeding  products.  Consult  us  free  of  charge  regarding  stock  diseases. 

THE  ARMOUR  FERTILIZER  WORKS, 
Chicago.        Omaha.        Baltimore.        Atlanta.        Jaoksonvllle. 


ELLERSLIE." 

Ked  Bulls  from  3  to  6  mos.  old,  all  by 
Fairfax  (very  handsome  red  bull)  by 
Knight  of  The  Clifton;  out  of  registered 
cows  which  have  been  selected  for  milk- 
ing as  well  as  beef  purposes. 
1  and  2  yr  old  rams  by  Warwick,  im- 
ported from  the  Sandringham  flock  of 
KING  EDWARD  Vll,  out  of  ewes  from 
the  celebrated  DRUID  HILL  PARK 
(Baltimore  flock  )  These  are  unregister- 
ed but  are  first  class  in  every  respect. 

REMEMBER. — We  do  not  ask  fancy,  but  farmers'  prices. 

Ova  stock  is  not  in  show  ring  but  working  condition. 

R.  J.  Hancock  &  Son,  Chariottesviiie,  Va. 


SHORTHORNS 
SOUTHDOWNS 


HILL  TOP  STOCK  FARM. 

Berkshire  Hogs  and  South- 
Down  Sheep 

A  SPECHLTY. 

S.  Brown  Allen,  who  succeeds  H.  A.  S. 
Hamilton  &  Co  in  the  ownership  and  man- 
agement of  this  celebrated   Stock    Farm,  olit 
been  bred  without  regard  to  cost,  and 

SOUTHDOWN    BUCKS, 

that  cannot  be  excelled  in  thi.s  country.     We  have  swept  premiums  on  this  stock 
over  all  competitors  at  Fairs  in  this  aiid  adjoining  States 

S.  BROWN  ALLEN,  Staunton,  Virginia,  (Successor  to  H.  A.  S   Hamilton  &  Co.) 


;i   few   Berkshire   ?igs  that  have 
nd  two  vear  old 


BERKSHIRES. 


Imported  Sir  Jolin  Bull,  No.  3609— B.  H.  B. 
Imported  Dansfield  Roland,  No.  6052g-B.  H.  B. 
Imported  Columbia,  No.  60527-B.  H.  B. 
Imported  Royal  Carlisle,  No.  4841-B.  H.  B. 
And  tliat  luiuienscly  Princely  Hog 
Uncle  Sam,   No.  7233  *''•'  'h^  .sires  of  my  Spring  and  Summer  oflerings  of 
pigs.     Does  this  list  of  Koyalty  suit  your  fancy?    They  represent  the  most  famous 
Berkshire  breeders  of  England.     Fancy  stock,  moderate  price 

Hunting  Dogs  ^mfl  P"ps  for  sale.    Setter  pups,  §.5.00  each. 
Short  Horn   (IHirbain  C:ittle)  foi  suit-.     Write  for  jiarticuhirs. 

THOS.  S.  WHITE,  Fassifern  Stock  Farm,  Lexington,  Va. 


When   corresponding  with  our    advertisers  always  mention  the 
Bouthem  Planter. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


473 


HOW  THE   DEBT  WAS   PAID. 

This  anecdote  was  told  by  the  late 
2ebulon  B.  Vance,  at  one  time  Gov- 
■ernor  of  North  Carolina,  and  after- 
wards United  States  Senator. 

He  was  seated  in  his  office  one  day 
when  an  old  negro,  one  of  his  "char- 
ity" clients,  came  in.  Taliing  off  his 
liat,  the  old  man  scraped  his  feet,  and, 
bowing  very  obsequiously,  said: 

"Good  mornin'.  Marse  Zeb;  how  is 
you  an'  de  Mistis  dis  mornin'?" 

•'Quite  well,  thank  you,  Romulus. 
How  are  you  this  morning?" 

"So's  to  be  about,  thank  de  Lord, 
liut  I  still  got  a  little  misery." 

"Well,  Romulus,  you  are  always 
complaining,  but  what  can  I  do  for 
you  this  morning?' 

"Dat's  jest  what  I  come  to  see  you 
^about,  sah.  You  know  dat  triflin,  nig- 
ger Jim  Simpson,  dean  you?" 

"Oh,  yes;  certainly  I  know  Jim,  but 
what's  he  done  to  you?" 

"Dat's  jest  hit,  Marse  Zeb;  dat's  jest 
hit;  he  ain't  done  nothin",  dat's  de 
trouble;  dat  nigger  been  owin'  me  ten 
■dollars  for  nigh  onto  five  or  six  years, 
an'  he  ain't  never  pay  me  nair  cent, 
not  nair  cent,  sah." 

"Well,  have  you  ever  asked  him  for 
it,  Romulus?" 

"Ax  him  for  it?  Cose  Ise  axed  him 
for  it.  and  dat's  how  I  come  to  come 
to  you." 

"Well,  when  was  the  last  time  you 
asked  him  for  it?" 

"Yistiddy,  sah;  jest  as  de  sun  was 
goin'  down." 

"Well,  you  say  he  didn't  pay  you?" 

"No,  sah;  'deed  he  didn't,  an'  dat's 
jest  'zactly  how  come  I  come  to  see 
you." 

"Well,  as  he  didn't  pay  you,  what 
did  he  say;  what  excuse  did  he  give?" 

"Marse  Zeb,  dat  no  'count  triflin' 
nigger  say  he  done  been  owin'  me  dat 
money  so  long,  sah,  dat  de  intrust 
done  eat  it  all  up,  an'  he  didn't  owe 
me  nair  cent,  sah,  not  nair  cent.' 


STIMfiSRER 


starts  m  the  raw 
everything  in  the 
all  through  the 
and  greatest 


A  name  that  stands  for 
character  in    vehicles — that 
guarantees  you  the  worth  of  your 
money.  You  don't  buy  often.    You  want  service.j 
Then  don't  take  chances.      The  character  in 
Studebaker 

Vehicles  and  Hanvess 


material— that's  the  best  obtainable  and  there's| 
and  the  curing.     The  honesty  conti 
king  and  finishing.     Results,  longest  life.  fitnes3| 
You  Always  Find  the  Essentials 

Studebakers.  There's  no  slighting,  no  deception,  i 

from  high  quality.     That's  why  multiplied  thous- 
pin  their  faith  to  them.    Are  you  of  the 
Local  dealers  most  everywhere.    Catalogue 
,d  particulars  direct  if  requested. 

STUDEBAKER  BROS.  MFG.  CO.. 

South  Bend.lnd. 

Chicago,  New  York.  San  Francis. 
'  Kansas  City.  Portland,  Ore.,  Denver, 
Salt  Lake  City,  Dallas,  Texas. 


JERSEY   CATTLE. 

We  have  tor  sale,  Voungf  Co^vs,  Heifers  and    Young:  Bulls, 

from  cows  testing  i8  to  24  lbs.  ol  butter  In  se^en  days,  and  giving 
40  to  60  lbs.  of  milk  per  day.     Also — 

^^  LARGE  lYORKSHIRE  PIGS, 

The  coming  bacon  breed.    Our  stocli  is  from  the  most  noted  breeders  in 
England  and  Canada. 

Write  for  prices.     Address —  " 

BOWMONT  FARMS, 


SALEM, 
VIRGINIA. 


It  was  a  busy  thoroughfare  in  Kdin- 
burgh,  and  as  the  old  lady  was  ex- 
hausted with  the  stir  and  bustle,  she 
hailed  a  passing  cab.  The  driver  was 
at  her  side  in  a  moment.  Opening  the 
door,  he  stood  back  to  allow  the  lady 
to  enter. 

She  made  one  or  two  weak  efforts, 
but  was  unable  to  mount  the  step,  and, 
at  last,  looking  imploringly  at  the 
driver,  she  said: 

"Help  me  in,  good  man,  for  I  am 
very  old." 

The  driver  gently  assisted  his  fare 
into  the  cab,  and  then  he  gallantly 
said: 

"Well,  mem,  nse  matter  what  age  you 
are,  you  dinna  look  it." 

His  fare  was  increased  by  a  shilling 
when  the  old  lady  reached  her  desti- 
nation.   And  he  deserved  it. 


What  is  the  difference  between  a 
life  of  leisure  and  a  life  of  idleness? 
They  are  the  same  thing,  only  differ- 
ent titles. 


JOHIVr  S.  FUItfK, 

GLEN    FARM, 

— IMPORTER    AND    BREEDER    OF — 

Polled 

Durham 

Cattle, 

Shropshire  Sheep, 
Southdown  Sheep, 

Poland-China  Hogs.       Berkshire  Hogs.      All  carefully  bred  regardless  of  cost. 
SINGER'S    GLEN.    VA. 


COMBINATION  SALE  of  Thoroughbred  StocK. 

July  ITOth   1903,  Orange,  Va.,  Second  Day  of  Horse  Show. 
Shorthorns,  Polled  Angus,  Holstelns,  Devons,  Jerseys,  Guernseys,  Hamp- 
shire and  Shropshire  Downs.    Berkshires,  Poland-Chinas  and  Tamworths. 

Catalotrues  .July  1st      Further  entries  solicited. 

MACON  &  CO.  Auctioneers,  Orange,  Va. 


When   corresponding  with   our  advertisers  always  mention  the 
Southern  Planter. 


474 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[July 


A   CROSS-BREED. 

A  buxom  negro  woman  who  had 
cookeil  for  a  number  of  years  in  the 
family  of  a  Jewess  announced  to  her 
mistress  one  morning  her  intention  of 
quitting  the  job. 

"Why  are  you  going  to  leave  us, 
Mary?"  inquired  the  Hebrew  lady. 

"Well.  Jlissus,"  explained  the  cook, 
"I's  gwintah  git  mar'ied." 

"That  won't  make  any  difference," 
said  the  lady,  "there's  room  enough  In 
my  yard  for  you  and  your  husband; 
you  don't  have  to  leave  because  you're 
going  to  be  married." 

"But."  replied  the  colored  woman 
sheepishly,  "you  don't  know  who  I's 
gwinetah  mar'y";  and,  without  giving 
the  Jewess  time  to  ask  further  ques- 
tions, she  said,  "I'se  gwinetah  mar'y 
a  Chinee.  Missus." 

The  employer  raised  her  hands  in 
holy  horror.  "Oh,  Mary,"  she  said, 
"have  you  thought  of  what  you're 
going  to  do?" 

"Oh,  yas.  Ma'am,"  said  Mary;  "we's 
thought  about  it — we  loves  each  uddah, 
Missus." 

"I  don't  mean  that,"  said  the  Jewess, 
"I'm  thinking  about  your  children, 
Mary.  Have  you  thought  about  what 
they'll  be?" 

"Oh,  Missus."  said  Mary,  looking  up 
in  meek  submission  and  intending  no 
Insult,  "I  knows  dey'll  be  Jews,  but  I 
can't  he'p  it." — fiilfis  Xavier  Floyd,  in 
June  Lippincott's. 


ONE  BOTTLE  CtlRED  RINGBONE. 
Schilling,  W.  Va.,  Jan.  23,  1903. 
The     Lawrence-Williams     Co.,     Cleve- 
land, O.: 

I  used  GOMBAULT'S  CAUSTIC 
BALSAM  on  a  mare  for  ringbone.  I 
cured  her  with  one  bottle.  She  is  well 
and  works  all  the  time.  I  have  order- 
ed several  bottles  since  for  my  nei.gh- 
bors.  They  have  used  it  with  good 
results.  Two  cases'  of  ringbone  I 
know  of  have  been  cured  with  it.  I 
believe  it  the  best  linament  on  the 
market  to-day. — H.  S.  McCulty. 


When  does  a  dog  become  larger  and 
smaller?  When  let  out  at  night,  and 
taken  in  in  the  morning. 


Freeman 
Ensilage 
Machinery 

represents  the  modern  idea.  Illustra- 
tion shows  typical  cutter  with  blower  at- 
tachment. 11  sizes,  band  ciittiup  to  belt 
power,  with  eapaciW  ranirinj;  from  5  to 
34  tiins  per  hour.  Traveling  force  feed 
reduces  labor  of  feeding.  Kach  machine 
easily  and  quickly  fitted  with  shredder 
attachment. 

Alf...iiiake  Wind  Mlllf".  Corn  Shcllcrs.  WooJ 
Saws.  <-t<-.     Writ*  for  free  catnlnguea  110. 

S.  FREEMAN  &  SONS  MFG.  CO..  Radne,  Wis. 


EMPIRE  DRILLS 


ACCLRATELY  MEASURE 

ALL  KINDS  OF  GRAIN 

WITHOUT    CHANGE. 

That  is,  if  you  set  the  Empire 

Feed  to  sow  any  amount  from  24 

to  128  quarts  per  acre,  it  will  sow 

exactly  that  amount  of  wheat, 

oats  or  any  other  small  grain 

^    without  further  clianpe.    A  good 

stand  of  grain  is  assured, when  you 

ow  with  an  Empire  Drill. 

gmpire  Grain  Drills  do  not  bunch, 

skip  or  choke.  Made  in  all  styles  and  sizes. 


Write  for  Free  Catalogues. 

EMPIRE  DIVISION 

AMERICAN    SEEDING    MACHINE    COMPANY, 

2$  Monroe  Street,  Springfield,  Oblo« 


DUNTREATH  BERKSHIRES 


'BRED=1N=THE=PURPLE. 


EXTRA  CHOICE  Young  Pigs  for  sale,  all  eligible  to 
registry,  and  now  ready  for  shipment.  Orders  also  taken  now 
for  late  Summer  and  Fall  shipments. 


DUNTREATH  STOCK  FARM, 


Box  666. 


RICHMOND,  VA. 

Refeue.nce:  .\merican  National  Bank  of  Richmond. 


vvvvv  vvvv  vvvv  vvvvvvv  vvvvvy 
X  X 

§  CiSMONT  DORSETS  I 

X 
X 
X 

X' 

X    Prices  Reasonable.  i6.  s.  LINDENKOHL,  Keswick,  Albemarle  Co.,  Va. 

X 


CISMONT    STOCK    FARM  offers  weU  developed  young 
Dorsets  of  the  best  blood  of  England  and  America. 


For  Sfllfi-A.  J.  C.  C.  BULL  CALVES 


Good  individuals;  well  grown 
and  from  heavy  milking  cows. 

Write 


FOREST   HOME   FARM, 


So.  R.  R. 


PURCELLVILLE.VA. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTEK. 


475 


SPLENDID  FOR  CALVES  and  piQS 

"INTERNATIONAL  STOCK  FOOD"  and  SKIN  NILK. 

Union  City,  Pa.,  Jan.  3,  1903. 

International  Stock  Food  Co.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Dear  Sirs: — I  have  used  your  "International  Stock  Food"  for 

the  last  year  and  am  very  much  pleased  with  it,  because  it  is  all 
you  claim.  I  have  fed  it  to  Cows,  Calves  and  Pigs.  Last  year  I 
raised  my  calves  on  "International  Stock  Food"  and  skim  milk  and 
not  one  of  them  had  the  scours.     Yours  truly,     MATH.  ALLEN. 

I  Pr«T*  Thftt  n«y 


^W«  Have  ThoaBHods  •t  SlmlUi 


internktloDBl  8toek    Voofl   rarm,"  which  is  located  12  tnilei  from  HinneapotiB 
DS  650  acres.       Wa  feed    **lDternatloDDl    Stock    Food"    every   day    to  all  of    oui 

MPioH  Stallions,  Dak  Patch  1:69  Vs  &"<!  Dikbcthh  2:05!i;    to  our  Yodko  Stallions, 


Fatteninit  atock  bet 


Bigh-ClaBa  vegetable, 

an  additioD    to   the  regular  feed. 

>  it  iDCreasea   the   appetite  and  lida^i 

I  more  nutrition  from  the  grain 

noney  over  the  usual  Plan  of  Growing^ 

and  Fattening  stock.     •'loternatlonal  Stock  Food"  can  be  fed  in  safety  to  Uorses,  Cattle,  Sheep, V 

Goats,  Hogs,  Colts,  Calves,  Lambt  or  Pigs.     It  ia  Absolutely  Harmleas  even  if  taken  Into  the^J 

food  atovery  meal.      Salt  ia  a  Etomach  tonic  and  worm  medicine.  Pepper  Isapowerful  etimulatEogu 

,  Mustard  la  a  remedy  for  dyspepsia.  Vinegar  is  a  diuretic.    You  eat  these  medicinal   ingredients  almost  with  every  mouthful  of  your  food,  and  it  ia  proven  that  these y 

^medicines  promote  health  and  strength  for  people  and  improve  theirdigestion.     "fnternaUonal  Stock  Food"  contains  pure  vegetable  medicinal  ingredients  that  are  jus*  as  safefl 

ccessary  an  addition  to  the  regular  feed  of  your  stock  if  yoQ  desire  to  kaop  them  in  the  best  possible  Condition.     ''International  Stock  Food"  ia  endorsed  by  Everyjl 

i  High'ClasB  Farm  Paper.     It  purifies  the  blood,  atiinulatea  and  permanently  atrengtbcns  the  entire  systfm  so  that  disease  ia  prevented  or  cured.     *'IaterDatlonal  Stock  Food"  ' 


WHAT    PEOPUE    SAY    ABOUT    THIS    BOOK. 


Dear  Sirs: — I  received  your 
was  more  than  pleased  with  it. 
me.  Very  trul: 


Eau  Claire,  Wis. 
International  Stock  Book"  and 
It  is  worth  more  than  $10.00  to 
RICHARD  J.  MORRISSEY, 


d    ■     a 


International  Stock  Food  Co.,  Odessa,  Mo. 

Dear  Sirs:— Your  '■international  Stock  Book"  duly  received, 
and  it  is  the  best  thing  of  its  class  that  I  have  ever  seen.  There  is 
a  volume  of  useful  articles  in  it  from  start  to  finish. 

Respectfully,  GEO.  W.  NULL. 


A  $3000.00  STOCK  BOOK  FREE 


IT  CONTAINS  183  LARGE  ENGRAVINGS  OF  HORSES,  CATTLE,  SHEEP,  POULTRY,  ETC. 

The  Co»*p  ol  thia  Book  is  a  Beaatiful  Live  Stock  Picture  ^Printed  In  Six  BrIlllEnt  Colora.    Site  of  the  book  is  6»A  by  9^  inchea.     It  font  ua  f  8(K>0  to  have  oar  Artlsta  and  Engra»«M 
maketheae  EngraTinga.     It  describes  common  Dlseaaea,  and  tellt  how  to  treat  them.     It  also  givea  Description,  Hiatory  and  Illuatrations  of  the  Different  fireeda^of  Horaea^Catila, 

ery  noted  Animals,  and  also  teBtimoniaU.     The  Editor  Of  Th^«  Paper 

ly  Illustrated  Veterinary  Depart: 

WE   WILL    MAIL   IT  TO   YOU   ABSOLUTELY   FREE,   ^Postage   Prepaid. 
We  Will  Fay  Ton  $10.00  Cash  if  book  la  not  as  described.     Write  m  at  odu»  laUer  or  peatil  c«rd,  ud  aisweb  these  a  quKSTioiS: 

Ist.—Name  This  Paper.       2d.— How  Maoh  Stock  Have  Yoat 


Wa  Employ  Over  300  Peopla  and  hava 
Hnadndi  of  Thonaanda  of  TeatimoBi&U. 
Safer  to  Any  Bank  la  MinaeapolU. 


INTERNATIONAL  STOCK  FOOD  CO.,  Minneapolis.  Minn.. U.S.  A. 


Urg«it  Stock  Food  Factory  in  the  Watld. 

Capitil  Pud  in.  II.OOCOOO. 
600,000  Feetof  Space  in  OurNew  Feetory. 


When  President  Edwin  T.  Alderman, 
of  Tulane  University,  was  called  upon 
at  a  dinner  he  made  a  speech  that  sug- 
gested the  oratory  of  the  late  Henry 
W.  Grady,  and  its  effect  on  the  audi- 
ence was  electrical.  By  way  of  intro- 
duction he  told  of  an  old  colored  man 
named  Pompey  down  in  Louisiana  who 
was  stopped  on  the  road  by  a  white 
man  with  the  question: 
"Say,  Pomp,  where  you  going?" 
"Ain'e  gwine  nowhere,"  said  Pom- 
pey, promptly.  "I'se  been  where  I'se 
gwine,  I  has." — New  York  Sun. 


A  professor  in  a  western  college  had 
been  annoyed  by  the  tardy  entrance  of 
a  student  into  the  lecture  room,  and 
pointedly  stopped  talking  until  the 
man  took  his  seat.  After  class  the 
student  went  to  the  desk  and  apolo- 
gized. 

"My  watch  was  fifteen  minutes  out 
of  the  way,  sir.  It's  bothered  me  a 
good  deal  lately,  but  after  this  I  shall 
put  no  more  faith  in  it." 

"It's  not  faith  you  want  in  it,"  re- 
plied the  professor,  "it's  work." — The 


Reg.  HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN 

CATTLE  of  the  Netherland,  De  Kol,  Clothilde,  Pietertje 

and  Artis  families.     Heavy  milkers  aud  rich  in  butter 

fat.     Stock  of  all  ages  for  sale. 

From   noted   strains,   Imported     Headlight,   Lord 
-Highclere  and  Sunrise. 


Reg.    BERKSHIRES 


-DORSET  SHEERS 


B.  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  CHICKENS, 

N.  &  W.  and  Southern  E.  R.  T.  O.  SANDY,  Burlcevllle,  Va. 


We  positively  guarantee  to  breed 
anS  .ship  the  VERY  BEST  strains  of 
thoroughbred  registered  LARGE 
ENGLISH     BERKSHIRE 

Hogs  for  LESS  MONEY  than  any  other 
firm  in  the  U.  S,,  the  superiority  of  our 
stock  considered.  Send  us  your  order 
and  we  will  satisfy  you  both  in  price 
and  stock.  WALTER  B.  FLEMING, 

Proprietor  of  the  Bridle  Creel<  Stocli  Farm,  Warrenton,  N.  C. 


476 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[July 


THREE  OF  A  KIND. 

While  we  were  visiting  at  a  small 
villaKe  in  one  of  liie  Carolinas  we 
went  one  afternoon  to  see  one  of  the 
old  negro  mammies  in  her  own  log 
cabin.  She  was  highly  honored  at  the 
condescension  of  "de  ladies,"  and  was 
much  concerned  that  the  call  might 
not  be  disturbed  by  the  presence  of 
her  children — "fo'teen  pickaninnies," 
she  called  them.  Of  course,  curiosity 
was  too  strong  for  the  youngsters,  and 
soon  the  one  door  was  blocked  with 
curly  heads  and  wide-open  eyes.  When 
Mammy  perceived  them,  she  just  turn- 
ed around  and,  gathering  up  her  skirts 
as  one  does  in  front  of  a  flock  of  tres- 
passing chickens,  cried  out  "Shoo!" 
and  the  cough  drops  disappeared. 

But  towards  the  end  of  our  visit 
Mammy  needed  the  services  of  a  helper 
to  put  out  tlie  jelly  and  cake  that  she 
insisted  we  eat.  Stepping  to  the  door, 
3he  called: 

"Marianal" 

Soon  three  girls  in  single-piece  cov- 
erings came  bashfully,  but  curiously, 
through  the  door,  and  all  were  given 
orders  by  the  bustling  mother. 

"But,"  said  one  of  the  callers  in  a 
fcalf-jesting  way,  "are  all  three  named 
^lariana.  Mammy?" 

"Yes."  the  old  woman  explained,  "all 
three.  You  see,  when  de  lil'  gi'ls 
came,  'fo  I  got  'round  'gain,  de  folks 
jest  call  'em  all  Mariana,  an's  no  good 
changin".  An",  anyhow,  when  I  wants 
a  pickaninny,  I  jes'  calls  'Mariana,'  an' 
one's  sho'  to  come." — June  Lippincott's 
Magazine. 

ALL-ROUND  CtJRES. 

"  'Twere  a  new  Governor  of  New- 
foundland, and  he  were  shocking  care- 
ful of  the  sealers'  health,"  began  the 
old  sealing  captain,  his  deep-set  eyes 
twinl<ling. 

"The  night  afore  the  North  Star  left 
Sen  John's  tor  the  ice  he  came  aboard 
t'  inciuiie  what  for  medicine-chist  we 
had. 

"  'You  ought  to  have  a  ship's  doctor 
aboard  her  with  two  hundred  men 
shipped.'  says  he.  'Who  gives  out  the 
medicine?' 

••  'The  cook,  o'  course,'  I  answers. 
•But  I'm  sarten  o'  one  thing.  Governor,' 
1  says,  'there's  nothin'  there  that's 
pizen.' 

"  'How  do  you  know?'  he  asks  pretty 
sharp. 

"  'Well.'  I  answers,  'a  man  comes 
runnin'  to  the  cook  and  he  says,  "My 
chum's  sick,  and  I  want  some  medicine 
for  hf."  The  cook  i.^ver  asks  no  ques- 
tions as  to  what's  ailin'.  He  grabs  up 
the  first  bottle  he  gits  his  'and  on  and 
rours  out  some  in  a  cup.  If  it  don't 
do  the  man's  chum  no  good,  he  comes 
back  and  the  cook  pours  something 
out  of  another  bottle,  and  so  on  till  he 
strikes  something  that  'elps  him. 
That's  why  I  know  there's  nothin' 
pizen  in  that  chist,  or  the  cook  would 
'ave  killed  'arf  of  'era  twenty  v'yges 
ago." — Suzette,  in  June  Lippincott's. 


MiSteieu  gEBEFOQD  GHITLL 

Service  BuUs ;  Imported  SaUsbury  76059    (19083).     Lars  Jr.  85297. 

FOR  SALE— A  choice  lot  of  bull  calve.s  and  yearling  bulls.  The  bull  calves  sold  recently 
weighed  600  lbs.  at  6  mos  old.     Call  and  make  your  own  selection      Prices  right. 

MURRAY  BOOCOCK,  Owners,  Keswick,  Va. 


-   "EREFORD  C  ^•"""P'""  ^™^^  ''"P^''*  '*°'  ^^'^^^  I 

HIHHIHH^^^^^^Hi^HHH ^^^^  at    Head    of    Herd.  V 


H 


A  Few  High  Class  Bulls  and  Calves  For  Sale. 

EDWARD  G.  BUTLER, 

BRIGGS,  -         VIRGINIA. 


Write  me 

before  buying 

elsewhere. 


Send  for 

illustration  of 

Prince    Rupert. 


<>O<H>OOCH>CKKKK><KKKXH3CH><K>CK>0O0<H><KKK30<^^ 


"""«"""" n  mtiiiiu  I  I  iiii  I  1  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  iggga 


Bacon   Hall   Farm. 

Hereford  REGiSTEREoGattle 

"TOP"  BREEDING,  CALVES  NOT  AKIN. 
MOTTO— Satisfaction  or  no  sale. 

E.  M.  QILLET  &  SON,      =     Qlencoe,  Haryland. 

-,,,,,,,  ^^^..f^r^r  ■  » i^p^^i^p^i,  ,,,,,,,  II  ,,,,,,,  , 


HEREFORD  CATTLE  —Calves,  entitled  to  reglsiratlou,  8T5  to  SlOO      Grade  Calves  by  "  81r  Ed- 
ward "  825  to  840. 

SHROPSHIRE  SHEEP.— Biirkt.  One  year  Old  and  Over,  Sl.'itoSSO.     Buck  Lambs.  July  delivery, 
810  to  81'2     Ewe  Lambs.  July  delivery,  88  and  flO. 

POLAND-CHINA  HOGS.— Pigs,  six  weeks  old,  Ji).     Pigs,  two  or  tbree  montbs  old.  17  50.     Pigt, 

five  men ths  and  over,  815  to  $20. 
M.  BRONZE  TURKEYS.— Toms,  $1.    Hens,  S3.    Eggs,  per  sitting  of  12,  wben  in  season,  &l. 
MUSCOVY  DUCKS.— Pure  White  Drakes,  81.25.    Pure  While  Ducks,  81.    Pairs,  S2.2.i.    Trios,  J3. 
BARRED  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS. 
ROUEN  GEESE.— Ganders,  82.50.    Oetse,  82.50.    Eggs,  per  sitting,  S3. 

WILLIAM  L,  Jr..  No.  21058,  half  brother  of  Axtell,  wiil  serve  a  limited  aumber  of  mires   'or  {2* 
the  season.    Mares  boarded  at  lowest  figures  per  month. 


1303.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


477 


THE  ONION  AS   A  SEDATIVE   FOR 

PAIN. 
Edilnr  Southern  Planter: 

My  little  boy.  aged  five  years,  had 
been  suffering  for  a  number  of  days 
with  toothache  and  earache,  caused  by 
an  abscess  in  process  of  formation  at 
the  root  of  the  affected  tooth.  He  had 
had  a  variety  of  treatment  from  va- 
rious sources,  including  a  good  phy- 
sician, but  without  relief,  and  last 
evening  the  pain  and  nervousness 
caused  by  lack  of  sleep  seemed  about 
to  culminate  almost  in  convulsions, 
and  his  mother  and  I  had  the  prospect 
of  a  sleepless  and  anxious  night  be- 
fore us.  I  happened  to  remember  a 
sinii)le  remedy  that  my  mother  used 
with  myself  when  a  child.  We  took  a 
large  onion  (the  old  Richmond  onion 
tliey  are  called  around  here),  roasted  it 
in  the  fire,  and  when  thoroughly  done, 
mashed  it  up  and  bound  it  to  his  pulse 
as  hot  as  could  be  borne  on  the  side 
opposite  to  the  affected  tooth.  The 
effect  seemed  almost  magical.  In 
twenty  minutes  the  child  became  quiet, 
and  in  half  an  hour  sunk  into  a  pro- 
found slumber,  which  lasted  the  entire 
night,  and  he  awoke  in  the  morning 
much  better  and  free  from  pain.  Now, 
it  seems  to  me  that  so  simple  and 
harmless  a  remedy  and  one  so  entirely 
free  from  danger  ought  to  be  generally 
known.  It  is  certainly  better  in  case 
of  nervousness  and  pain  to  use  this 
than  to  fill  the  system  with  dangerous 
drugs.  I  don't  suppose  any  possible 
harm  could  come  from  its  use  under 
any  circumstances.  With  the  hope 
that  its  trial  may  bring  the  relief  to 
some  tired,  wornout  mother  and  suf- 
fering child,  that  it  did  in  this  case,  I 
send  this-  account  to  you,  leaving  it 
to  your  discretion  to  give  it  publicit" 
through  the  columns  of  your  valued 
publication.  John   I.  PRTTciiiiTT. 

Whitmell.  Va. 

MArrAZINES. 
The  July  Century  is  distinctively  a 
fiction  number;  and  the  list  of  stories 
is  long  and  varied  enough  to  please 
the  most  omnivorous  appetite  for  fic- 
tion. Easily  first  in  interest  is  Homer 
B.  Hulberfs  "The  Sign  of  the  Jumna," 
telling  the  thrilling  details  of  a  B'-itish 
subaltern's  search  among  the  Hima- 
layas for  literary  treasure  trove.  How 
he  found  a  remarkable  book,  now  in 
the  British  Museum,  but  at  the  cost  of 
twenty-thi-ee  years'  imprisonment  in 
a  mountain  monastery,  makes  an  un- 
usual and  engrossing  tale.  John 
t-nther  Long's  "The  Sirer."  is  far 
frrm  being  a  covenfional  romance,  ann 
it  has  the  flavor  of  the  sea;  the  coast 
is  just  the  place  to  read  the  story  of 
savage  Rrassid  and  the  laughing  Sea 
1  ady.  "Mahmoud  Pasha  of  the  D.  P. 
W."  is  the  title  of  an  Egyptian  and 
English  story,  by  Frederic  Courtland 
Pen  field,  former  TTnited  States  Diplo 
matic  Agent  to  Egvnt,  which*  tells  of 
a  clever  Indian  device  which  located 
a  disastrous  break  in  the  great  dam. 
■^ther  fiction  of  the  ic;<?-io  i^^indoo:  "A 
Loaf;   Story/"  »  pontbumouso  work  by 


St.  Blbans 
Scbool 

W 


Situated  on  a 

SuNNv  Headland 

above  the 

Banks  ok  New  River, 

IN  THE 

Blue  Gbass  Region 
OF  Virginia 


Prepares    Boys 

FOR   UNIVERSITY  OR 
FOR  ^iJSlY^ZSS^^^^ 


SEND  FOR  ANNUAL  CATALOGUE,  IN  WHICH  IS 
I'UBLISIIEO  "I'LAN  OK  ST.  ALBANS  SClfOOL." 

Address,    W.  H.  RANDOLPH, 

Head  Master, 
Raiu'urd,      -      -      -      Virginia 


SUNNY     HOME     HERD    OF 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS    CATTLE. 

BAROIN  ROSEBOY  57666  (The  great  Westertown  Rose,  son  of  the 
world-famous  QAY  BLACKBIRD;  in  service. 

The  Sire  is  half  tlie  herd.  lu  Baroa  Koaeboy,  is  combined  the  typical  "  doddy  "  form  with  » 
pediRree  that  tannot  be  excelled.  He  is  a  brother  of  the  great  "Gay  Lad  "  (sold  at  $3050). 
who  heads  ihe  largest  Angus.herd  east  of  the  Mississippi,  is  also  brother  of  •' Hector  of  lakeside" 
at  the  he^d  of  the  great  Pope  River  herd  of  Illinois  ;  is  uncle  of  the  "  10th  Laitd  of  Estill  "  at  the 
t.ead  of  the  gieatest  Angus  herd  in  America. 

On  dam's  side.  Baron  Roseboy  traces  direct  to  the  Imp.  Blackbird  Bull,  "BABUIO,  "  said  to  b« 
the  best  Blackbird  Bull  ever  imported. 

The  females  in  the  herd  are  "  chips  off  the  same  block  ".  Great  bulla,  great  cows,  mean  great 
calves.    Come  and  tee  them,  or  write 

A.    L.    FRENCH,    Proprietor,    Fitzgerald,    N.   C. 

Pookinoliiim  Co  ,  l>4  miles  soutlnvest  of  Danville.  Va.,  on  D.  &  \V.  Kv. 


We    Are    Still    in    the    Business.. 


**H1LL   TOP"    stock  at  Shadwell,  Va. 

Having  changed  our  residence,  we  brought  with  us  and  have  for 

sale  a  choice  lot  of  HILL  TOP  stock. 

Je^-sey    Cattle,    Southdown   and   Shropshire    Sheep, 

Berkshire  Hogs  and  B.  B.  R.  Game  Chickens. 

Our  Berkshire  Pigs  are  now  elo.sely  sold  up,  but  we  will  have  a  fine  lotrearly  to  .ship 
by  September  Isl.  We  will  be  glad  to  serve  our  old  friends  and  are  always  glad  to 
nia'ie  new  ones. 

\V-  hiive  « (in  more  premiiinis  ou  sheep  and   hog.s  at  State  and   County  Fairs 
than  all  other  breeder.s  in  Viii,nni;i  roiiiOiined. 

H.  A.  S.  HAMILTON  &  SONS,  Shadwell,  Va. 

OFFhRS       "  Kegisiered  SHORTHORN  COWS, 

2  Registered  MORGAN    COLTS,   and   a  few 
FOR  good  yearling  SHROPSHIRE  RAMS. 

-•SALE—  B.  B.  BUCHANAN,  Bedford  City,  Va. 


•178 


THE  southern:  planter. 


[July 


the  lamented  Frank  Norris.  author  of 
"The  Octopus":  Margaret  Sutton  Bris- 
coe's "Red  Tassels,"  David  Gray's 
"The  Brayhroolv  Baby's  Godmother" 
(another  Gallop  story),  Will  H.  Har- 
ben's  "A  Question  of  Valor,"  l'hilii)| 
Berrill  Mi.shels'  "A  Forty-Horsc-Power 
Stratagem,"  and  more  chapters  of 
Richard  W'bitein!;'s  "The  Yellow  van." 
Edwin  L,  Sabin  continues  his  charm- 
ing series  on  the  life  of  the  American 
village  boy.  this  month  sketching  "A 
Boy's  T..oves." 

For  readers  of  the  July  Century  who 
want  something  beside  fiction  there  is 
no  lack  of  more  solid  reading.  Noth- 
ing could  lie  more  timely,  in  view  of 
the  bicentennial  of  Wesley,  than  the 
life  of  the  founder  of  Methodism,  by 
('.  T.  Winchester,  professor  of  En?" 
literature  at  Wesleyan  University,  and 
well  known  on  other  platforms  as  a 
lecturer.  The  July  issue  brin.gs,  too. 
the  long  expected  "Unpublished  Lei 
lers  by  Sir  Walter  Scott,"  edited  hv 
Horace  P.  Hutchinson,  with  notes  by 
Mrs.  Mary  Anne  Watts  Hiighes,  to 
whom  the  letters  were  written,  and 
an  introductory  sketih  of  Mrs.  HiLches 
by  her  grandson,  Mr.  W.  H.  Hughes, 
the  .Xmeri'-an  brolber  of  the  famous 
"Tom  Hughes."  Dr.  William  Hayes 
Ward  answers  the  question  asked  by 
so  many  since  a  reient  letter  of  (he 
Emperor  William,  "Who  was  Hammu- 
rabi?" Hermann  Klein's  "Modern 
Musical  Celebrities"  gives  pleasant  be- 
liind-thescenes  glimpses  of  Jean  and 
ICdouard  de  Res'/ke.  Tamagno.  Las- 
salle,  Augustus  Harris  and  Mme.  Nor- 
dica. 


XVi£k    fl^il    rkAr'H     Saw     Mills     are     Sure       Winners. 
I    ne     UCLW/Awl  I      Kij;ht  sizes,  froiii  Kariners4  h.i..  uptoiilKJh  p 

If  Interested,  write  for  large  ilhisiratert  cataloRue  of  DeLoach  PRtent  Saw  Mills  to  suit  any 
pouer  from  <  to  ainh.p;  Shingle  VillB,  Planers,  Edgers.  Irlmmers,  Mave  and  Laiti  Mills.  Bolt- 
ers Corn  and  Buhr. Mills,  Water  Wheels,  etc.  To  Introdn  e  our  New  Farmers  Saw  Mill,  htted 
wlIh^DeLoach  Patent  Vnrlahle  Friction  Feed,  we  make  this  special  otter: 

We  win  deliver  on  ears  at  factory  our 
No.  0  Pony  Farmers'  Saw  Mill,  with  Duplex 
Hogs.  lmi>roved  Head  Blocks. and  Katoh- 
ei  Set  Works,  complete  as  shown  in  cut, 
except  ii  ha«Cflrri8Reniade  in  two  4  foot 
sec  Urns,  with  Bope  Urt'  e  Instead  of  Rack 
anti  Pinion  without  Saw  or  Belt,  for 
$115.00  Spot  Cash! 
Wiih  36"  Solid  saw.sr27.50:  <0",  S132.5 

44",  SHO.OO:    48",  S150.00. 
With  3fi"Inserted  Baw  S147  .Ml:  40".S152.50 

44",  S160.(X);    4h".S170  00. 
Best  Rubber  Belling,  4-ply,  6".  SO  cents 
per  foot ;  S".  30  cents  per  fool,  NKi 
No  discount  from  these  prices. 


Our  Warrant)  :  This  mill  is  warranted  to  be  made  lu  a  workman-ike  manner,  of  first  rlasf 
material  throughout,  and  to  give  perfect  satisfaction  if  operated  BccoidinK  to  our  printed  in 
structione,  whiihare  so  simple  thai  a  boy  can  understand  ihem  Any  one  with  ordinary  intelli 
oence  can  set  and  operate  without  the  assistance  of  an  experienced  sawyer  :  will  easily  cui  2  tioo 
to  2.,M<1  feet  of  first  class  board  lumber  pej  day  with  only  4  h  \>  ;  3,0u«  feel  with  f.  h  p.;l.(W[eet 
with  »  h.  p. ;  is  adapted  to  any  kind  orsl/u  power  up  to  is  h.  p. 

I     DeLOACH  HILL  WANUFACTURING  CO..  Box  600  Atlanta,  Georgia,  U.  S.  A, 

The  DeLoach  Is  the  only  mill  mn  le  that  is  shipped  to  all  parts  of  the  world.    Over  lO.OOiiln  use 


A.  M.  Bowman,  the  proprietor  of 
Bowmont  Farms,  of  Salem,  and  the 
iionular  repre.sentative  in  our  Stat? 
I.,egislatiir'  from  Roanoke  county  and 
city,  has  for  a  number  of  years  been 
engaged  in  collect in.g  what  he  claiins 
to  be  the  best  collection  of  hi.gh  test- 
ing and  deep  milking  Jerseys  on  the 
continent,  and  his  herd  is  attracting 
the  attention  of  breeders  and  buyers 
from  all  parts  of  the  cotintry,  and 
from  foreign  countries.  He  has  also 
recently  Introduced  the  large  York- 
shire breed  of  hogs,  which  are  now 
attracting  so  much  attention  as  a 
"bacon  breed"  in  Canada  and  other 
districts,  where  high  class  bacon  is 
made. 

Jn  another  column  he  ha,s  an  inter- 
esting change  in  his  advertisement. 


I  EGGS  FOR  HATCHING  1 

*:                        Ironi  Fowls  of  High  Merit,  Fresh,  and  a  Good  Hatcii  J 

*  tTuaranteeil  of  the  rollowina  varieties  : —  V 

'4i  «; 

5  PLYMOUTH     ROCKS,     BROWN    LEGHORNS,    WHITE  J 

5  LEGHORNSand  PEKIN  DUCKSat$1.00persittingof15  ^ 

^                  BRONZE  TURKEY  EGGS,  $3.00  per  dozen.  ^ 

5            Jersey  and  Guernsey  Cattle  ami  Berkshire  I'igs      Four  handsome  JJ 

*  (ireat  Danes  and  three  Fox  Terrier  Puppies.  V 

t  M.    B.    ROWE  &  CO.,           -           Fredericksburg,   Va  ^ 

>»»>>»>>>>3>>»»>»»»>»>»>»»»>>»»»»»»»>: 


In  a  little  town  in  Nova  Scotia  are 
two  churches,  situated  in  the  two  di- 
visions of  the  village  locally  desig- 
nated as  the  "North  End"  and  "South 
End."  At  a  Sunday  morning  service 
the  ofliciating  clergyman  read  the  fol- 
lowing notice: 

"There  will  be  preaching  at  11 
o'clock  next  Sundav  morning  in  the 
church  at  the  North  Rnd.  and  al  4 
o'clock  in  th"  afternoon  in  the  church 
at  the  Sotilb  l''nd.  Infants  will  be 
b-'DllZert  at  bnUi  "nclti," — Maw  Yoiic 
Tiniog. 


VIROINIA    131  VISION. 

Farmers  Mutual  Benefit  Association 

A  Hire  insurance  Association,  chartered  by  ihe  State  of  Virginia,  for 
farmers,  under  an  amended  and  well  protected  plan. 

Insures  in  counties  surrounding  and  accessible  to  Richmond,  against  Tire 
aud  I^ighining,  only  country  properly — no  stores  or  unsafe  risks.  Policy-holders 
amply  secured — ail  legitimate  losses  paid.  Average  cost  per  year  less  than  other 
plans,  and  a  great  saving  to  farmers.  Amount  oi  property  now  insured.  $330,000, 
and  increasing  yearly.     Fistimatcd  securiey  in  real  and  other  estate,  $7,'iO.00O. 

For  further  information,  address.  CHAS.  N.  FRIEND,  General  Agent, 

MENTION  THIS  .lot  KNAL.  CHESTER,  VIRGINIA. 


YOUR    GIRL       • 

Needs  an  education.  Send  for  Cata- 
logue of  WOODLAWN  SEMINARY  & 
MUSICAL  INSTITUTE,  GORDONS- 
VIl.LE.  VA.  Beautifully  and  health- 
fully situated  at  the  foot  of  the  Blue 
Ridge  .Mountains.  Prepares  for  any 
College  or  Special  School  or  for  Teach- 
ing. Beautiful  home:  thorough  instruc- 
tion. A'l  Grades,  including  English. 
Elocution,  Music  »nd  Art,  Gxpeniie)) 
my  low. 


LIME 


AGRICULTURAL 
AND  BUILDERS' 

Send   for  Circulars    and    Price- List. 

FELLSWORTH   LIME  WORKS, 

REEVES    CATT,    Agent, 

Bodley,    Augusta  County,    Virginia. 

Mention  the  Southern  Planter  when 
cnrreipendlng  with  kdvarttMn. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEFvN  PLANTER. 


479 


We  are  Going  to 
Sell  You  a 


FANNING  MILL 

On  60  Days'  Approval 

ncB  yon  of  its  superiority  over  any  fanning  mill  yon  ever  heard 
of.  If  that  isu't  lone  enough  time  wo  will  take  vourXUree  Veiu-(>>o(e. 
WK  KN<>\V  what  the  CbulliaiiB  will  do  for  you,  how  much  mon.-y  it 
will  make,  how  much  it  will  sav«  you,  how  strong  it  is,  how  easily  it  runs 
and  the  perfect  work  it  accomplishey.  It  will  rleau  and  ^ru4l«  your 
seed  grain,  will  enable  you  to  sell  your  clean  grain  at  the  top  price,  will 
save  the  tioaothy  seed  from  the  yearly  crop  of  grain,  ^ave  the  srreeninfjs 
for  feed  lor  your  stock.  The  <;hutlk«in  will  cl*^au  and  grade  stuy 
kind  of  seed  or  grain.  The  naw  bagging  attachment  saves  the  work  of 
one  mau.  We  have  already  sold  OVKR  one  hundred  thousand  (IW.OOO) 
of  them  in  every  part  of  1  he  U.  S.  and  Canada,  and  are  n<.t  goine  to  stop 
until  we  place  one  in  the  Inuds  of  every  farmer,  su»ck  raiser  and  seeds- 
man in  North  America.  We  want  you  to  send  us  jour  name  and  address. 
We  will  then  send  you  tne  most  instructive  book,  free, 

"How  to  Make  Dollars  Out  of  Wind." 


It  tells  ways  of  making  easy  money  that  you  never  thought 
of.  We  will  also  outline  our  THUKK  YEAKS' 
l*lau  of  selling  you  a  Cliailiaui.  It  will  surprise  you 
by  its  liberality  aud  convince  you  that  we  believe  in  our 
mill.  It  gives  you  a  chauce  to  let  the  mill  pay  you  before 
you  pay  us  for  the  mill. 

Here  are  some  of  the  things  others  have  done  with   the 
help  of  the  Chatliaiu  Fauuing  itlill: 

Fred  Dietz,  Ransomville,  N.  T.,  trot  fl08  cash  for  timothy 
aeedoutof  his  wheat,  anddiduH  know  there  was  any  there. 

O.  E.Perkins,  Hallsport,  N.Y.,  got  $550  more  for  1000  bushels 
of  wheat  than  his  neighbor  did.  PerkiDB  used  the  Chatham; 
neighbor  dida't 

D.  M.Bethune,  Bethune,  S.  C,  obtains  $1  extra  on  every 
100  ptiuuds  of  rice  by  using  the  Chatham. 

G.  Woodringr,  So.  Charleeton,  O.,  secured  $157  worth  of  grass 
seed  from  cleaning  up  the  refuse  in  barn  floors  aud  manj^ert^. 


Noiv  wrile  u«  and   get   that  free  book  and  c 

proposition  to  make  you  money.     Address 

M.  CAMPBELL  FANNING  MILL  CO.,  Ltd., 


Ji/Gfi  SfiOALS  Manufacturing  Company, 

VARNS,  SHlRTlMGS.  CWKCKS,  P'fHlPi^IS.  ETC. 


Talmage  Hardware  Co..  ry»  /  '^/Z     ,   r/^ 

Agents  for  Chatham  Fanning  \k\.\\^,i/uyf'  J/'ov/i.  ^a...   May  25th.  1903 
Athens,  Ga. . 

Gentlemen: 

Tho  Chatham  Fanning  Mill  bought  of  you  ia  by  far  a  more  valuable 
machine  than  I  first  thought.  As  you  know  I  did  not  get  this  machine  until 
afer  I  had  begun  to  plant  my  cotton.  When  the  Fanning  Mill  arrived,  in  order 


belii 

the  aland  of  cotto; 

that  I  can  afford 

speak  in  the  highe 

th'.nk  of  doing  wit 

Dlol.  to  V.  C. 


I  fani 


I  out  a  lo 

.  looking  I 


f  the  remai 

nder  of  the  seed  of  my 

r  the  farm 

t  found  that  the  seed 

eal  better 

in  fact  one  would  not'- 

ference.  In  addition  to 

-third  of 

he  seed.  I  do  not  think 

hine  evpn  t 

t  double  the  price  I  paid 

their  seed  and  they  all 

they  can  st 

e  at  present.   I  have  only 

and  as  slB 

ted  above  I  would  not 

116  Wesson  Avenue,  Detroit,  Mich. 


CATALOGUES,  ETC. 

International  Harvester  Company 
of  America  (McCormick  Division), 
Chiicago  III.  King  Corn.  Tlie  Mc- 
Cormick Corn  Binder. 

American  Devon  Cattle  Club.  Year 
Book  for  1903. 

Kentucky  State  Fair,  Owensboro, 
Ky..  September  21-2G,  1903.  Premium 
List. 

The  Nutgrowers  Association.  D"- 
Witt,  Ga..  invite  attention  lo  the  sub- 
ject of  nut  trees  for  timber.  In  the 
Nutgrower  for  March.  190S.  there  is 
an  interesting  article  dealing  with  the 
subject. 


LIFE'S   PROBLEMS. 

Marion  has  reached  the  age  when 
the  problems  of  life  assume  interesting 
propoitions. 

"I  was  born  in  Washington,  D.  C, 
grandmother.  Where  were  you  born?  " 
she  asked  recently. 

"Way  out  in  Kansas,"  answered  the 
old  lady. 

"Father  was  born  in  New  Orleans." 
continued  the  child,  "and  mother  in 
Denver.  Do  you  know" — reflectively — 
"it  seems  lo  me  people  are  liable  to 
be  born  most  any  place." — May  Lij)- 
pincott's  Magazine. 


A  WASHING  MACHINE  is  as  great  a  necessity  in  the  house  as  a  wringer 

THE  lYIAJESTIC  ROTARY  WASHER 

has  too  many  good  points  for  explanation  in  an  ad- 
vertisement. Your  name  on  a  postal  card  will 
brii.g  our  booklet,  with  full  particulars  of  our  six 
different  machines  and  how  to  get  them.  One  of 
them  will  certainly  please  you.  All  are  made  with 
electrically  welded  wire  hoops  sunk  in  grooves — our 
patent.  Being  the  largest  manufacturers  of  wood 
enware  in  the  world,  we  can  make  better  machines 
for  the  money  than  any  one  else.  If  you  want  a 
machine  that  washes,  buy  one  of  ours. 

THE  RICHMOND  CEDAR  WORKS,  Richmond.  Va. 


ENGINES  AND  SEPARATORS 

e  l-^urquharthn 


■  Separators  b 

liioroughnesa  of  eeimration,  J 
■  part  thoroughly  tested,       Mnde 


A.  B.  Farquhar  Co.,  Ltd 
York,  Pa. 


480 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLAXTEIJ. 


rJxilv 


REPORTS. 

U.     S.     Department     of     Agriculture, 
Washington,    D.    C.     A    Directory 
tor  farmers,   with  weather  condi- 
tions.    Crop  injuries  for  1902. 
Bureau   of  Plant  Industry,  Bulletin 
41.     The   Commercial    Grading   of 
Com. 
Bureau    of   Soils,   Bulletin    21.    Re 
clamation     of     Alkali     Lands     in 
Eg>-pt 
Office    of     Experiment    Stations,     Ex- 
periment    Station     Record,     Vol. 
XIV.,  No.  10. 
Farmers   Bulletin   169.     Experiment 

Station  Work. 
Farmers     Bulletin     170.     Principles 

of  Horse  Feeding. 
Farmers  Bulletin  171.    The  Control 

of  the  Codling  Moth. 
Farmers  Bulletin  172.     Scale  Insects 
and  Mites  on  Citron  Trees. 
Kentucky  Experiment  Station,  Lexing- 
ton,       Ky.     Bulletin        105.     The 
Broom  Rapes. 
Bulletin  lOG.     Feeding  Dairy  Cows. 
Louisiana  Experiment  Station,    Baton 
Rouge,  La.     Fifteenth  Annual  Re- 
port. 
New  York  Experiment  Station,  Geneva, 
N.     Y.     Bulletins     220     and     227. 
Popular  Edition.     Apple  Troubles 
in  1902. 
Bulletins     223     and     224.     Popular 
Edition.     Gsape    Pollen     and     Polli- 
nation. 
Bulletin  225.  Popular  Edition.  Rusty 

Spot  and  a  Remedy. 
Bulletin        22(i.     Popular        Edition. 
Two  New  Raspberry  Diseases. 
Ohio    Experiment    Station,     Wooster, 
Ohio.     Bulletin      140.     The     Corn 
Crop. 

South    Carolina    Experiment    Rtntinn 
Clemson    College,    S.    C.     Bulletin 
75.     Cotton. 
Bulletin  79.     A  Rotation  Study. 
Bulletin    80.     Analysis    of    Commer- 
cial Fertilizers. 
South     Dakota     Experiment     Station. 
Brookings.   So.   Dak.     Bulletin   7(i. 
A  Study  of  Northwestern  .Apples. 
Bulletin   ,S.     Frilled  Tape  M'orm  of 
Sheep. 
Virginia   Weather  Bureau.   Richmond, 

Va.     Report  for  May.  19it3. 
Imperial    Department    of    Agriculture 
for    the    West    Indies,    Barl)aiioes. 
W.  I.     Agricultural  News. 


SEND  US  YOUR  WOOL 
WE  PAY  THE  FREIGHT. 
WRITE  FOR  CATALOGUE. 


EQUALS. 

Mr.  Jones  was  a  deacon  in  the  Meth- 
odist church,  his  religion  being  re- 
versed for  the  Sabl>ath.  One  day  he 
overheard  a  workman  swearing,  and 
he  stopped  to  argue  with  him  on  the 
enormity  of  his  sin.  "Oh  well,"  said* 
the  man.  "you  pray  a  little  and  1 
swear  a  little,  and  we  don't  either  of 
us  mean  anything." — Mary  H.  North- 
end,  in  July  Lippincott's. 


We  make  from  your 
Own  Wool  on  Shares 
Or  for  Cash 
White  or  Gray 
Large  or  Small 
Blankets,  Coverlets 
Dress  Goods,  Skirts 
Underskirts,  Flannels 
Cassimeres,  Cheviots 
Jeans 
Art  Squares, 
Carpets 
Stair  Carpets 
Smyrna  Rugs 
Buggy  Robes, 
Lounge  Covers 

LEAKSVILLE  WOOLEN  MILLS,  YamS,   EtC. 

Leaksville,  N.  C.  Write  Us. 


«w3tjr<<3t;<<*:<3»3<3«:<<<<<<<<<«<<«*<:<;<«<<<<<<««<<«<<<<<«««« 


IS    so   NECESSARY   TO    THE 

FARIVIER    AND    STOCK    RAISER 


^    that  he  cannot  afford  to  be  without  the 
^  best  means  of  jjumping  it 

ADVICE  FREE 


I     Rams,  Windmills,  Gasoline  Engines 

1 


if  ap]:)lication   is   made  to  us. 


for  pumping  and  farm  use 


I SYDNOR  PUMP  &  WELL  CO.,  Inc.  * 

5  Box  949.  RICHMOND,  VA.  % 

z  i 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  num- 
bers can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Address 
our  Business  Office. 


Kentiic:K>^ 

Cane  Mills 


FOR  OVER  40  YEARS  h?ve  been  the  recoK- 

■ nued    bI.4NDAKU 

in  Cane  Will  constniction.     They  are  imitated, 
of  courr.e,  but  they  stand  alone  and  supreme  in 
tlicse  essential  points: 
l'EllFE('Tia!l  OK  BECHAKICAL  DETtlL.— STRPNIITII 

m  KVEUY  POIXT.— SiVISO    IN   BFPillW SISPLH 

irv.— tOVEBFK  OIL  CHAJiSELS)  IN  BOTTOH  rLiJIC. 
—  P4TEST  RF.VER.SIB1.E  KEED  orUIE.  —  ESCASED 
VKlUlXliii.— DO  nOST  WOKS  WITH    LEAST  POWER. 

needed,  together  with  skilled  workmanship  and  practical  kiu)wledgt;  ol 
itc  f'T  conipleiL'  (\iiir  Mill  aitd  Evaporator  Catalog,  S-t>^. 


AMfRKAN  SHDINd 


to  Bren 


&  Cu. 


lOLISVIlLE,  KY. 


1903.] THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER.  481 

1^  Jt  ^  J€  J*  ^*  .»  ^  Jt  :•*  :•*  .t  ^S  ^«  .s  ,•*  ■«  ..t  ..t  ^*  J*  J*  ■.*  Jl  J*  ^«  Jt  Jt  Jt  J»  Jf  .^  Ji  ^  Ji  ^  Ji  ^  Ji  ^  Ji  JX  J)t  JX  Jt  ,1i  JX  ^  J*  JH  ^  Jt  J)t 

I   BILTMORE  FARMS,  =  Biltmore,  N.  C.    I 

I  Headquarters  for  GOLDEN  LAD  JERSEYS,  i 

^i  Also  Get  of  TREVARTH  and  GEN.  MARIGOLD.     ^   ^  j«  * 


^        GOLDEN   LAD'S  SUCCESSOR.    First  aud  sweepstakes  over  all   at  the  I'an-Anierican  Kxposition,  the  ^ 

-                   champion  .lERSKY  BULL  OF  AMERICA,  and  out  of  Golden  Ora,  our  great  prize-winning  cow,  both  ^ 

•f                     born  and  developed  on  these  Farms,  is  among  our  service  bulls.  ^ 

Biltniore  .lerseys  are  a  combination  of  large  and  persistent  milking  qualities  with  an  individuality  Vi 

that  wins  in  the  show  ring.  In 

•^  k 

^         SPECIALTY.      Write  for  descriptive  circular  of  the  best   lot  of  young  bull  calves  ever  ofl'ered,   both   for  % 

%                    breeding  and  individuality.     They  are  by  noted  sires  and  out  of  larife  and  tested  selected  dams.     Many  1ft 

^                   of  these  calves  are  tit  to  show  and  win  in  any  company.  * 

-^                      ^  ^           BILTMORE  POULTRY  YARDS.           jt  jt  '^ 

5                        ^ 

_         SPECIALTY.     Write  for  descriptive  circular  of  eggs  from  our  prize-winning  pens.     Over  50  yards  to  select 


—  ^.   m^-^ii^m^a  •.      uiiit*  loi   11  fscii p bi V c  i:iii;uiarui   egg.s  iroiu  uur  pi ize-wiuiuug   pens,     wer  ou  yaros  10  select  ' 

•t  from,  made  up  of  the  winners  at  the  leading  shows  for  the  last  two  seasons.     If  you  want  winners  you  }~ 

m  must  breed  from  winners.  . 

5  Headquarters  for  the  best  IMPORTED  ENGLISH  BERKSHIRES.  k 

^ ^ 

5  APPLY  TO  BILTMORE    FARMS,  biltmore,  n.  c.  \ 


II1IPEBII1LFBII1T8IIDPD0LTBY 

Is  now  booking  orders  for  Eggs  from  the  best  strains  and  careful  matings  of 

Barred,  Buff  and  White  Plymouth  Rocks, 
Silver=Laced  and  White  Wyandottes, 
S.  C.  B.  Leghorns  and  Mammoth  Pekin  Ducks, 
AT  $1.00    PER   SITTING. 
EGGS    FROM    BLACK    DEVIL    PIT   GAMES. 

Never  known  to  run.     The  griuiest  of  all  games.     $2.00    PER    SITTING. 

We  give  15  Chicken  and  13  Duck  Eggs  for  sitting.      Order    at  once. 
Write  name  and  address  plainly.     Remember  the  express  is  no  moie  on  2  or  3  sittings  than  on  i. 
Refer  to  Augusta  National  Bank  and  former  patrons.    Satisfaction  guaranteed  or  mone}'  refunded 

P.  H.  HEYDENREICH,    -    Staunton,  Va. 


482 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEK. 


[July 


Two  years  ago  Lippiiicott's  Magazine 
))iiblislied  a  "Complete  Novel"  called 
"The  Lifting  of  a  Kinger,"  which  made 
a  decided  hit.  The  July  number  now 
contains  another  novel  from  the  same 
pen,  that  of  Ina  Brevoort  Roberts. 
Like  its  predecessor,  "The  Pretenders," 
is  a  tale  of  modern  society  treated 
with  the  same  brightness  and  charm, 
yet  showing  a  Kreat  advance  in  the 
handling  of  delicate  situations  and 
subleties  in  plot.  Mrs.  Roberts  surely 
has  the  gift  for  "making  love."  Those 
who  are  "  in  the  game"  say  she  does  it 
jusi  right.  For  a  journey  on  cars  or 
boat  this  story  is  an  ideal  pastime. 

All  short  stories  in  the  July  Lippin- 
cott's  are  suited  to  the  "good  old  sum- 
mer time"  when  one  is  not  ashamed  to 
confess  he  wants  something  not  solid 
but  entertaining.  After  the  novel 
there  is  a  touching  little  tale  of  a  girl 
to  whom  a  passing  flirtation  on  the 
man's  side  means  eternal  remembering 
on  tiers.  She  can  lioast  that  "her 
mother  had  been  a  Uoston  woman," 
too!  Its  title  is  "The  Broken  Vase," 
and  its  author.  Marcene  Rndicott. 
Henry  Wysham  Lanier,  the  gifted  son 
of  Sidney  Lanier,  contributes  "The 
Odyssey  of  Piscator,"  a  fishing  story. 
The  sportsman's  pursuit  of  his  fasci- 
nating "Peri"  rivals  that  of  his  avow- 
ed sport  and  makes  of  him  ipiite  a 
globetrotter,  fiirl  athletes  of  the 
l)rcsent  day  have  very  well-defined 
ideas  of  what  comes  up  to  their  stand- 
ard in  masculinity,  and  woe  l)eti(le  the 
man  who  falls  short.  "The  Modern 
Sabine."'  by  K.  Ayrlon.  is  an  instance 
of  this  in  which  the  exacting  heroine 
finds  she  has  not  "exercised"  her  heart 
out  of  her  bo<ly,  after  all,  and  it  .)oy- 
fully  asserts  itself  in  an  unusual  but 
no  less  convincing  manner.  Agnes 
I  ouise  l^rovosl's  story  called  "Jacky" 
is  cheerful  evidence  of  the  theory  that 
no  man  is  thoroughly  bad.  It  is  told 
Willi  spirit. 

The  labor  story  by  Edith  Robinson, 
called  "The  Vaiiderdonck,  Sandbank" 
(where  the  scene  is  Schenectady.  N. 
Y.),  stands  for  right  on  both  sides.  It 
should  be  read  by  laborer  and  capi- 
talist, and  by  those  in  between,  be- 
cause it  is  a  really  good  story. 


FRECKLE  PROOF. 

Little  Marie  hated  freckles,  and  with 
good  reason,  for  she  was  like  the  pro 
verbial  turkey  egg,  Mer  small  nurse, 
Rhody,  was  as  black  as  tar,  except  her 
beuitlfiil  while  teeth. 

One  day  Marie  said  regretfully, 
"Wisht  I  was  black  like  you,  Rhody; 
aint  nowhere  for  you  to  get  freckles 
'(•e\)l  vour  teeth." — Florida  C.  Orr.  in 
July  Lippincolt's. 


Best  for  medicinal  uses 

Your  physician  will  tell  you  that  you  should  always  have  some  good  whiskey  in  the 
house.  For  accidents,  falotluir  spells,  exhaustion,  and  otber  emereency  c;ises.  It  relieves 
Bud  revives.  But  yon  must  huve  food  whiskey,  lure  whiskey,  for  poor  whlsltey,  adulterated 
whiskey,  ra:iy  do  decided  harm,  HAYNEK  VVlilaKKy  is  just  what  you  need  for  it  goes 
direct  from  our  own  distillery  to  you,  with  all  it.s  oriu'inal  strenBth,  richness  and  flavor, 
carryinsr  a  UNITED  STATES  REtJISTEKEIJ  DISTILLER'S  UUAllANTEF,  of  PUR- 
It'Y  and  .-^OE  and  savinit  the  dealers' enormous  protits.  We  have  over  a  quarter  of  a 
million  salistled  customers,  exclusively  family  trade,  who  know  it  is  best  for  medicinal 
purposes  and  prefer  It  tor  otber  uses.  That's  why  'VOU  should  try  it.  Your  money  back  II 
you  ai"^  not  satisfied. 

Direct  from  our  distillery  to  YOU 

Saves  Dealers'  Profits  I    Prevents  Adulteration  I  ^^"" 

HAYNER  WHISKEY 

PURE  SEVEN-YEAR-OLD  RYE 

4     FULL     $^^  EXPRESS 
QUARTS  W       PREPAID 

We  will  send  you  FOUR  PULT.  QUART  BOTTLES  of  HAYNER'S  SEVEN- 
YKAR-OLD  RYE  for  $ii.20,  and  we  will  pay  the  express  charges.  Try  it  and 
If  youdon't  flndit  all  ritrht  and  as  tood  as  you  ever  used  or  can  buy  from 
anybody  else  at  any  price,  send  It  back  at  our  expense  and  your  $3.30  will  be 
returned  to  you  by  next  mail.  Just  think  that  offer  over.  How  could  it  be 
fiiirery  If  you  are  not  perfectly  salisfled  you  are  not  out  a  cent.  Better  let  us 
send  you  a  trial  order.  If  you  don't  want  foiir(UKirts  yourself,  yet  a  friend  to 
join  you.    SUipnaent  made  in  a  plain  bealed  case  with  no  murks  to  show  what's 

Orders  for  Ariz.,  Oal..  Col..  Idaho,  Mont.  Nev..  N.  Mrx.,  Ore..  Utah,  Wash, 
or  Wyo.  must  be  on  the  basis  of  4  (Quarts  r<.r  SS4.00  by  Express 
Prepaid  or  '40  Quarts  for  916.00  by  Frci;;-lit  l*repaid. 

Write  our  nearest  office  and  do  it  NOW. 

THE  HAYNER  DISTILLING  COMPANY 


DAYTON,  OHIO 


ST.  PAUL,  MINN, 


DI3T1IXKBT,  Tbot,  O,  Established  1866. 


CHARTERED     1870, 

MERCHANTS  NATIONAL  BANK 

OF    RICHMOND,    VIRGINIA. 
Capital  Stock,  -  -  -  $200,000.00 

Surplus  and   Profits,  -  =  $028,000.00 

Uesiffnated  Depository  of  the  United  Stiites,  City  ol'  Kuliniond  and  Cmuinonwealth 

of  \'irgini:i. 
Being  tlie  Largest  Depository  for  Biinlcs  hel  ween  Knltiiiiore  and  New  Orleiius,  tliis 

Bauk  oilers  superior  facilities  fur  dirert  and  quick  collections. 
JNO,  P.  BRANCH,  JNO.  K.  H8.\NCH.  JOHN  F.  OLKNN, 

Presirteut.  Vlci-  I're-iilent.  Cai^bler 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


483 


Seed  House  of  the  South. 


BUCKWHEAT, 
OATS  and 
CANE  SEED. 


''Whatsoever  One  Soweth,  That  Shall  He  Reap." 

We  sell  strictly  reliable  FIELD  AND  GARDEN  SEEDS  of  every 
variety  at   Lowest   Market   rates,    Included    in  which   are 

RAGLAND'S     PEDIGREE    TOBACCO    SEEDS. 

^      ^      £^      WE  ALSO   SELL 

Our   Own    Brands   of    Fertilizers 

For  Tobacco,  Corn,  Wheat,  Potatoes,  &c. 

Pure    Raw-Bone    Meal,    Nova    Scotia    and  Virginia    Plaster   and 
Fertilizing  Materials  generally. 

Parties  wishing  to  purchase  will  tind  it  to  their  interest  to  price  our  goods. 
Samples  sent  liy  mail  when  desired. 

1016    Main    Street, 
LYNCHBURG,  VA. 


Wm.  A.  Miller  &  Son,  ^ 


4- 


j  Headquarters  for 
Nursery  Stock. 


WHOLESALE 
AND 


RETAIL. 


We  make  a  specialty  of  luuidlinj;  dealers'  ordcr;^ 
ALL   STOCK   TRUE   TO    NAME. 


Apples. 
Pears, 
Peach, 
Plum, 
Apricotis, 
CALIFORNIA    PRIVET,  lo 


Nectarint 
Cherry, 
Quinces, 
Almonds, 


PecHiis, 
Chestnuts, 
Walnuts. 
Small  Fruit;^ 


Hedging. 

.    .    AGENTS  WANTED. 
FRANKLIN    DAVIS    NURSERY   CO,, 


Ornamental  and 
Shade  Trees, 
Evergreens, 
Roses,  Etc. 

WRITE   FOR   CATALOGUE. 


'^ 


^ 


4.4.H 


^'Tf*'f"*f"^ 


Baltimore,   Md      ,^ 


ill 


The  following  llpt  of  papers  and  periodicals 
are  the  most  popular  ones  In  this  section. 
We  ran  SAVE  YOU  MONEY  on  whatever 
Journal  you  wish. 


DAILIES. 

Price.    With 
Alone.  Planter. 

Times- nispatch,  TtiPhmond.  Va J.l  00  ?.?  00 

The  Pnpt.  WashinRtnn.    O.   C fi  00    fi  00 

The  Sun,   Haltimorr.  Mr] ;;  00    :;  tn 

\'ews-Lpader.  Richninnd,  Va r,  00    3  on 

TRI-WKEKLY. 

The  World  ( (hiicc-a-wrek).  N.  Y....  1  00    1  25 

WEEKLIES. 

Harper's   Weekly    4  oo  4  00 

Harper's   Bazaar  ,  no  1  10 

Montgorjery  Advertiser   1  00  1  00 

Vnshvllle   American    50  75 

The   Baltimore  Sun    1  00  1  3S 

Hreeder's  Gazette  ;  oo  17.'; 

Hoard  s  Dairyman  x  00  1  35 

ir'ountry  Gentleman   1  50  57;^ 

Central  I'resbytr rian.    •'           ••     2  00  2  2."-, 

KeliKious  Herald.  Richmond.  Va 2  00  2  25 

Times-Dispatch,  Richmond,  Va 1  00  1  2.5 

i^hristian    Advocate,       "           ■■     1  SO  1  75 

Hcrssemau    300  3  00 

SEMI-MONTHLIES. 

Wool  .Markets  and  Sheep .50  75 

Hairy  and  Creamery   50  7.'; 

"Commercial  I'oultry  bo  7.'; 

A"  three  1  50  1  |s 

MONTHLIES. 

Vorth  American   Review   5  oo    5  00 

The  Century  Magazine 4  00    4  25 

■Jt.   Nicholas  .Magazine   3  00    3  26 

Lippincolfs  Magazine  2  50    2  50 

Harper's  Magazine  4  oo    4  00 

Fcruil]    Magazine    3  00    3  25 

Scribner's  Magazine  3  00    3  25 

Prank  Lfslics  Magazine  1  00    1  33 

Cosmopolitan   JIagazine   100    135 

'.Everybody's   Magazine   100    1,15 

Muns"y   Magazine   1  oo    135 

Strand  Magazine  1  25    1  65 

McClure's  Magazine   too    135 

Argosy  Magazine  1  00    1  35 

Review  of  Reviews  2  50    2  7S 

.■^uccesslul  Farming I  00       7:, 

Southern  Fruit  Grower 50       S.i 

Where  you  desire  to  subscribe  to  two  or 
more  of  the  publications  named,  you  can  ar- 
rive at  the  net  subscriptton  price  by  deduct- 
ing 50  cents  from  "our  price  with  the 
PLANTER."  if  you  desire  to  subscribe  to 
any  other  publications  not  listed  here,  write 
us  and  wo  will  cheerfully  quote  clubbing  or 
net  subscription  rates. 

Subscribers  whose  time  docs  not  expire 
until  later  can  take  advantage  of  our  club 
rates,  and  have  their  subscription  advanced 
one  year  from  date  of  expiration  of  their 
subsiription  to  either  the  PLANTER  or  any 
of  the  other  publications  mentioned. 

Don't  hesitate  to  write  us  for  any  informa- 
tion desired;  we  will  cheerfully  answer  any 
corfespondencc. 

We  furnish  NO  I3AMPS,K  COPISS  »«  »tl»f 


484 


THE  SOUTHEKX  PLAXTEE. 


[Julv 


The  seed  plantations  around  San 
Jose.  Cal.,  are  said  to  receive  $3,Oihi.0O0 
a  year  from  the  sale  of  seed.  The  first 
cxperimfnt  of  the  planters  in  this  line 
was  made  less  than  a  half  dozen  years 
ago.  One  onion  patch  now  covers  three 
thousand  acres,  with  furrows  almost 
two  miles  long.  A  single  plot  of  sweet 
peas  occupies  eight  hundred  acres,  a 
bed  of  yellow  asters  210  acres,  a  let- 
luce  bed  2.ino  acres.  There  are  within 
a  radius  of  eighty  miles  around  San 
Jose  14,r.00  acres  devoted  to  raising 
T>lsnts  and  flowers  for  their  seed  alone. 


I     Do  )M  owni  Faailmi  Mill? Art  .vou  tblokini  ol  (dlini  oac? 
What  kind  do  viMl  cipccl  lo  {CI? 
^  by  should  every  firmer  own  a  mill  ? 

I     Name      

I  Address 


Ul-  u,«n4  anlAvmslaAK  '''on<  >:vcry  rt:ader  nn  the  above  Questions,  and 
lie  Walll  IniVrniallOll  shall  be  very  elad  lo  have  you  flip  this  advertise- 
ment oul.  till  it  in  ap'l  senrl  ii  to  this  pnblicatinn.  On  it.s  receipt  we  will  put  in  your  hands 
a  beautiliil  illustrat.-'l   hn..kl.i  ..n  ■!  ,    'm-iir  -    r 'H  ni-.-    'i-ii .  frer  of  cost 

Editor,  Southern   Planter. 


THE  WONDER  OF  THE  20  CENTURY.    ^^ 

THE    ACME    CHURN. 

MILK  yERATOR  and  CREAM  SEPARATOR. 

"^fe^— '^      GuBranteiil  Ki  make  butler  Irom  sweet  or  sour  cream  In  from  Ihree  to  len 
"  minutes.    The  manufactnrerf  oiler  SlOO  to  any  one  who  can  beat  this  machine 

on  lime,  quality  ami  qiiantlly  on  any  given  amount  of  sweet  or  sour  cream. 
Made  of  the  very  best  materials  and  is  guaranteed. 

The  number  of  inquiries  received  from  our  first  Ad.,  on  pape  21n*. -April 
Pi.ANTtii.  shows  the  great  interest  taken  In  this  new-  invention  by  the  bul'er 
makers  of  thifi  and  adjoining  Slates.  It  Is  a  new  machine,  patcnied  and 
fully  protected  ;  and  the  greatest  labor  saver  of  its  kind  on  the  market.  It 
has  but  recently  been  offered  to  the  public,  and  by  merit  alone  Is  making  a 
name  and  place  for  itself  In  enterprising  and  progressive  homes,  where  it 
lightens  and  lei^sens  the  labor  of  those  who  need  It  most. 

The  cut  is  the  .Single  Standard,  in  s  and  fi  gal.  sizes.  In  the  Double  jitand" 
ard.  the  iron  frame  is  on  both  sides  and  across  the  top.  is  hea\ier  and 
stronger,  with  an  extra  wheel  at  the  handle  for  either  hand  or  light  power 
In  fi  and  10  gal.  sizes.    You  can  rely  upon  what  is  said  about  this  machine. 

Make  a  note  of  this  and  continue  to  watch  Soi-thkrn  Planter. 
Address  THE  ACMF   CHl'RN,  Lock  Box  311.  Richmond.  Virginia. 


Established    by 
GEO.  WATT,  1840. 

MANUF 


THE  CALL-WATT  CO., 


1ER*5     OF 


MANFRED     CALL. 
Gen'l    Manager. 

THE    CROWN,    CRESCENT,    AND    WATT    PLOWS, 

AND  REPAIRS  FOR  PLOWS  IN  GENERAL  USE. 

jm^ Dealers  In   IMPLEMENTS,  MACHINERY  and  VEHICLES. — — 

WE  MAKK  PLOWS  that  will  enter  hard  ground  when  uo  other  plow  will.  If  .vour  land  is  hard  and  dry,  get 
relief  and  a  jiood  plow  at  same  time. 

GOOD  ROADS  can  be  made  by  using  our  ROAD  PijDWs.  Specially  adapted  to  heavy  work  and  hard  ground. 
Have  been  used  successfully  where  other  muoh  higher  priced  plows  would  not  enter  hard  earth. 

THE  DEERE  AND  PITTS  DISC  HARROWS.  Steel  Hhaiths.  Dunt  Proof  Bearing  Boxen,  flexible  Gangs,  allow- 
ing the  inner  ends  tx)  rise  and  fall  independently,  and  still  retain  the  same  even  pressure  in  uneven  ground  on  every  disc. 

THE  DEERE  STEEL  LEVER  HARROW.  Strong,  Flcuible,  uitli  Spring  Trip,  relieving  all  strain  on  teeth  when 
jiassing  an  obstruction. 

THE  DEERE  DISC  CULTIVATOR.  I^ight  and  Strong.  High  A.rch.  Solid  Steel  Axle.  Wheels  adjustable  in  width. 
Pivoted  Tanf/ue.  Dunt  Proof  Bearing  Boxes.  Convertible  into  an  8-disc  Harrow.  Entire  weight  can  be  thrown  on  discs 
when  desired  in  hard  ground. 

GRAIN  AND  FERTILIZER  DRILLS.  With  Disc  or  Hoe.  For  Grain,  Corn,  Peas,  and  Fertilizers  accurate  work 
can  be  depended  on. 

THRESHING  MACHINES  FOR  GRAIN  AND  PEANUTS.  From  one  to  ten  horse  power.  Sold  upon  their  merits, 
and  guaranteed  to  give  satisfaction.     Unsurpassed   by  any,  and  sold  at  prices  lower  than  any  other  first-class  machines. 

BALING  PRESSES.  For  Hand,  Horse  or  Steam  Power,  at  prices  that  will  enable  every  grower  of  hay  to  have 
his  own  press. 

FIELD  ROLLERS.  Steel  Rims.  Solid  Steel  Heads,  keep  the  earth  from  clogging  in  the  shells  as  in  all  open 
head  rollers.     Special  oil  device,  free  from  grit. 

THE  IMPERIAL  ONE  HORSE  FARM  WAGONS.  Steel  Arle  and  Thimble  Skein.  Built  of  best  material  and  sold 
under  full  guarantee. 

THE  MOLINE  WAGONS.  Light  Running  and  Durable.  Guaranteed  to  be  made  of  best  air-dried  lumber. 
Handsomely  finished,  and  have  feature  not  found  in  any  other. 

ENGINES,  SAW  MILLS,  CORN  AND  FEED  MILLS,  CORN  SHELLERS,  FEED  AND  ENSILAGE  CUTTERS, 
PEA  HULLERS,  ETC. 

We  soliiii  ini.uiries  for  anything  needed. 
13  So.  Fifteenth    Street, 
Batvtfaan  Main  and  Cary- 


RICHMOND.  VA.      THE  CALL=WATT  CO. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


485 


LAB0R=SAV1NQ  IMPLEMENTS  AND  MACHINERY. 

rriPlV    DI    AIVTPPQ     '^^^     H008IER,  both   single    and    double    row, 


Ooca  Plante*. 


with     aad    without    fertilizer    attachment.    The 
SPANGLER  for  Corn,  Peas  and  Sorghum. 


CULTIVATORS.  So^NAGE'cr. 


vatori5  and  Horse  Hoes.     CONTINENTAL   Disc 
Cultivators  and  Harrows,  the  best  in  the  world. 

Spring  tooth  attachments  for  cultivator.     RODERICK  LEAN  steel  lever  harrows  for 

one,  two  and  three  horses. 


THE  SOUTH 
BEND  CHILLED 
PLOWS. 


DISC  CULTIVATOR. 


HORSE  HOE. 
Wood  or  Steel  beam  ;  all  sizes.     Guaranteed  equal  to  any  made, 

THE   CELEBRATED 

HANCOCK  DISC  PLOW. 

Single  or  Double  Disc. 


DISC  HARROWS— All  Sizes. 


SPIKE  TOOTH  HARROW. 


THE  OLD  RELIABLE 


PEERLESS   ENGINES. 

SAW  MILLS  and 
THRESHING  MACHINES. 


THE  FISH,  THE  WEBER  AND  THE  CHAMPION  WAGONS 

IN  ALL  SIZES. 

General  agency  for  the  Columbus  Buggy  Co.,  Col- 
umbus, Ohio.  A,  Wrenn  &  Sons,  Norfolk",  Va.,  and 
other  celebrated  makers  of  vehicles.  All  grades  in 
stock. 

Harness,  Robes  and  Whips,  Pittsburg  Perfect  Wire 
Fencing,  welded  by  electricity.  Circular  forj  the 
asking.     Correspouuence  solicited. 

452    E.    FRANKLIN    and 
404  E.    MAIN    STREET. 


THE    WATT    PLOW    CO.,   ] 


Richmond,  Va. 


4S6 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEK. 


[July 


X 


X 

X 
X 

X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 


How  is  Your  Wheat? 


ONE  CENT 


Invested  in  a  postal  card  and  addressed  to 
THE    CARDWELL  MACHINE    COM- 


PANY,   Richmond,    Virginia,    will    bring    you    circulars    regarding 

Cardwell's  Thresher  and  Cleaner 

They  are  SIMPLE,  DURABLE  and  EASY  TO  WORK. 

Capacity,  200  to    1000   bushels  of    wheat  per  day,  accordin.5:  to  size 
and   character   of   grain. 


S  THE  CARDWELL  MACHINE  CO., '"", 

X 

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx: 


eteenth  and  Gary  Sts., 

RICHMOND,  VIRGINIA. 


X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 


X 
X 
X 
X 
X 


X 
X 


xxxxx 


IN  THE  STUD  AT  LAUREL  HILL  FARM 
THE  FINE  HACKNEY  STALLION 


liElDREK 


Bay  horse,  foaled  189S;    16  hands  high.    This  horse  has 

great  natural  action,  and  is  capable  of  getting 

the  highest  class  harness  horses. 

FEE,  $10.00  the  Season  or  $15.00  to  Insure. 

.A.  1,1  IV.- V 


C,  F.  &  J.  BUTTON,  Walker's  Ford,  Va. 


1903.  IN  THE  STUD.  1903. 

WEALTH,  29579. 

RACE   RECORD,   2:17'4',   Pacing. 

Timed  sepimitelv  in  2:08  in  a  race  at  Indiana 
State  Fair.  1902 
Bay  horse,  foaled  1S37;   IG  hands  high,  weight,  1,200  lbs. 
Sired  by  Gambetta  Wilkes,  2.19i,  dam  Magnolia,  by  Norfolk. 
3670.     Wealth  is  grand  individually  and  in  appearance. 

FEE,  $20  the  Season  with  return  privilege,  or  $25  to  insure. 
Address  S.  F.  CHAPMAN,  Gordonsville,  Va. 


Pcdi.^^rees  traced  and  tabulated.     Catalogues  compiled  and 
circulars  prepared.     Special  attention  given  registration 
matters  pertaining  to  thoroughbreds  and  trotting  horses 

w.  J..CA^^TER  (Broad  Rock), 

P.O.   Box  929  RICHMOND,  VA 

Representing  the  .... 

The  Ti,MK&-Disi".\TCH,  Richmond,  Va. 
SoLTiiLiix  Pla.xtkr,  Richmond,  Va. 
Sports  of  tue  Times,  New  York. 
Ki;NrLXKy  Stock  F^utjr.  Lexington,  Ky. 
Brledek  .\.n"i)  SroRTSM.vx.  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


GREAT  STAKES,  25521. 

RACE  RECORD.  2:20  Trotting. 

Bay   horse,  by  Billy  Thornhill,   2.24,   dam    Sweetstakes,   by 

Sweep  Stakes,  29S.   Great  Stakes  has  sired  Captain, 

2.16J;  Foxhall,  2.1!)3,  and  tour  others  in  the  list 

FEE,  25.00  for  the  Season  of  1903. 

W.  H.  NELSON,  1417  E.  Franklin  St.,  Richmond,  Va. 


WHALCiBONB.  7872. 

Sired  by  Abdailah  Wilkes,  son  of  George-  Wilkes,  2.22. 
dam  Maggie  O.,  by  Abdailah,  15.  sire  of  Goldsmith  Maid, 
2.14;  second  dam  Viley  Filly,  by  Pilot,  Jr.,  sire  of  dam  of 
Maud  S.,  2.08.1. 

Note. — Whalebone  is  a  richly  colored  bay  horse  of  fine 
size,  handsome  and  well  formed.  His  disposition  Is  perfect. 
He  has  sired  Visitor,  2.26J,  and  other  winners. 

FEE,   $15,    with   usual   return  privilege. 
Address  W.   J.    CARTER, 

P.    O.    BOX    929,    RICHMOND,    VA. 


Manulacturers 


R.  H.  RICHARDSON, 

^'Saddles,  Harness,  Collars,  Etc. 


Leather  and  Slice  Findings,  Paints  and  Supplies, 

1306  Hull  street, 
HANCHESTER,    ■     -     VIRGINIA. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


487 


"MOORE"    QUALITY  ! 


QUANTITY 


J.  s.  lyxooRS'S  soMS, 


Successors  to  D.  O'SULLIVAN,  and  J.  S.  MOORE  &  SONS. 


CORNER    EIQHTEEMTH    &    MAIN    STREETS, 


RICHMOND,    VIRGINIA. 


Wholesale  and  Retail  Grocers,  Feed  and  Liquor  Dealers. 


Granlated  Sugar 43 

Pure  Leaf  Lard  11 

Good  Family  Lard 09 

Dunlop  Flour,  bbl   $4  20 

Obelisk  Flour,  bbl 4  25 

Daisy  Flour,  bbl 4  00 

Good  Family  Flour 3  1:> 

Good  Rice   U 

Country  Meal,  peck IS 

or  bushel   70 

Mountain  Butter,  lb 17    4  cans  assorted  Soup 

Cooked  Ham   12i    '  '       "     " 

Counf ry  Ham  17 

Good  Salt  Pork 09 

California  Ham   10^ 

Bo'osna  Sausage  07 

Full  Cream  Cheese  15 

3  large  cans  Tomatoes 2.5 

3  cans  3  lb.'  Peache.=! 25 

Large  .Tars  Mustard OS 

Large  Bottles  Catsup 08 

3  lbs.  Apricots 25 

7  lbs.  Prunes 25 

3  cans  Corn 25 


Raisons.  lb 06 

i  lb.  Bottle  Olive  Oil 25 

3  lbs.  Graham  Crackers 25 

Ginger  Snaps   04 

Cream  Crackers 07 

Soda  Crackers  4* 

6  lbs.  Lump  Starch  25 

1 L  large  bars  Soap 25 

12  cakes  Toilet  Soap 25 

Lem.  Clina-  Peaches,  can 15 

25 

Large  bottle  Honey 09 

Navy  Beans,  quart QS 

Large  Postum,  pkg 21 

Small  Postum,  pkg 11 

Try  our  Elgin  Butter 27 

Preserves,  6  lb.  pail  Home  Made. . .  30 

Potted  Ham 04 

7  cans  Sardines  25 

Arburkle's  Coffee 93 

Rio  Coffee   09 

Cm   Herrings,   dozen 10  j 

Roe  Herrings,  dozen 18 

Lake  Fish,  dozen 15  | 


Tea,  extra  best  

Tea,  fine 

Table  Peaches   

2  cans  Pie  Peaches  

Plum  Tobacco,  3  plugs 

Grape  Tobacco,  3  plugs 

Old  Peach  Tobacco.  3  plugs 

Ward  Brand  Tobacco,  3  plugs 

200  lbs.  Sack  Salt 

Ice  Cream  Salt,  sack 

Currants,  lb 

Pure  Pepper,  lb 

Matches,  dozen 

5  String  Broom  

Large  Tubs  

Cedar  Buckets   

Lemons,  dozen  

I  gal.  can  P.  R.  Molasses 

Syrup,  gallon   

N.  O.  Molasses,  gal 

7  lbs.  Bread  Soda 

Rye  Whiskey,  per  gal $1.50  to  $3 

Corn  Wiiiskey,  g.il 2 

Cut  Herrings,  bbl 4 


Prices  Subject  to  Market  Fluctuations.    Order  Now. 


In  fact  we  have  everyihing  in  the  GROCERY  and  FEED  line,  at  prices  that  will  astonish 
the  best  posted  people.     Ail  we  ask  is  a  trial. 

Write  for  prices  on  anything  in  above  line  not  quoted. 

WAGONS  and  BUQQIESi 

MADE 

RQHT  HERE 

AT    HOiViE 

BY 


All  of  Virginia. 


g  The  BARBOUR  BUGGY  CO.,  1 
The  HUGHES  BUGGY  CO.,  [ 
The  VIRGINIA    WAGON    CO.    j 

These  vehicles  are  guaranteed  to  be  as  good  as  can  be  bought  elsewhere;  material  and 
workmanship  unsurpassed;  all  sizes  and  styles,  prices  low.  We  can  save  you  time, 
money  and  freight  by  purchasing  our  vehicles.  Send  for  our  illustrated  catalogues. 
Drop  in  our  warehouse  and  inspect  our  stock.     Inquiries  cheerfully  answered. 

AGENTS    FOR    DEERING    MACHINES. 

RICHMOND  BUGGY  &  WAGON  CO.,  1433  E.  Main  Street,  RICHMOND,  VA. 

g  J.  T-  DUNN,  Manager. 

§  0<kKkKh><h><k><kXh><><h?<h><h«h>0<k><^^ 


488 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLANTER. 


[July 


Latest    Improved    FARM    IMPLEMENTS. 


Geoulne  BROWN  Walking  and  Riding 

Cultivator.    All  styles.    Write  for 

circular  iind  prices. 

Buckeye  Cider  Mills.  All  Sizes. 
Also  Chattanooga  Cane  Mills  and 
Evaporators  and   Furnaces. 

Write  for  Catalogue  iin^i  Prices. 


arro'ws. 


r.Speciai  price?  L-iven  on   >iudel>aker  and 
Broum  Wagons.   Butrgies  and  Carts. 


Seientlflc  Steel  Corn  Harvester. 

The  best  Harvester  on  earth .    For  standing  corn 

Safety  seats.  Safetv  shafts. 


Stndebaker  Buggies,  all  styles.  Studebaker 
Carriages,  Studebaker  Carts,  Stnde- 
baker Runabouts. 


TIGER  Steel  and  Wood  Self-Dump  Rakes, 
GR.ilNGER  Steel  and  Wood  Hand-Dump  Rakes, 
all  sizes. 

ELI  BALING  PRESSES. 

Among  the  prominent  agencies 

represented  by  us  are  the 

following: 

Genuine  Oliver  Chillol  IMows  and  Repairs. 
Genuine  Farmers'  Friend  Plows. 
Pubsoii  Plows. 
Stndebaker  and   Brown   Farm 

Wagons.  Carts  and   Buggies. 
Land  Rollers  and  Harrows. 
Tiger  Disc  Harrows  and  Bement 

Disc  Cultivators. 
Full  line  of  Brown   Walking  and 

Riding  Cultivators. 
A  full  line  of  Scientific  Crushing  and 

Grinding  Machinery. 
Ross  Feed  Cutters,  Horse  Powers,  Grinders, 

Wood  .Saws  and  Carriers. 

Hllwankee  Hay  Tools  and  Corn 

Buskers  and  Shredders 
Champion  Mowers    Reapers  and  Binders. 

Hay  lUkes  and  Twine. 
Buckeye  Iron  and  Wood  Pumps. 
I  X  L  Wind  Mills. 
.Superior  Grain  Drills. 
Uallock's  Success  .\nH-Clog  Weeder 

and  Cultivator. 
Full  llni-  of  Asptnwiill  Potato  Machinerv. 


Bement  Disc  Cultivator,  with 
6  or  8  Disc. 

Built  entirely  of  steel,  steel  forgings  and  mal- 
leable iron.  The  most  simple  and  easiest  ad- 
justed cullivator  on  the  market  to-day.  Write 
for  circulars  and  testimonials. 

ANTI-DIRT  MILK   PAIL 


Genuine  BROWN 
Single  and  Double 
Plows,  wood  or 
Steel  beam. 


Only  Pall  made  that  prevents  Dirt  and  Hair  from 
droppina  Into  the  Milk  and  STR.\ISS  IT  TWICE 
while  milking.    Aerates  and  Cools  it. 

Every  Farmer  aixl  Dairyman  Should  Use  it. 


Buckeye  Force  Pumps.  Porce- 
lained  Wood  Pumps.  Wood  and 
Steel  Wind  Mills. 


Superior  drain  and  Fertilizer 
Drills.     Hoe  and  Disc. 


HENIN6  &  NUCKOLS, 


Successors  to 

CHAS.  E.  HUNTER, 


The  Southern  Planter. 


DEVOTED  TO 


PRACTICAL  AND  PROGRESSIVE  AGRICULTURE,   HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING,   LIVE  STOCK  AND    THE    FIRESIDE. 


Agriculture  is  the  nursing  mother  oi  the  Arts.— XENOPHON. 
Tillage  and  pasturage  are  the  two  breasts  of  the  State.— SULLY. 


64th  Year. 


Richmond,  August,  1903. 


No.  8. 


Farm  Management. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH. 

With  the  first  days  of  July  we  had  the  iirst  touch 
of  real  summer  weather,  and  the  temperature  became 
more  nearly  that  which  we  are  accustomed  to  have 
in  May  and  June.  Since  that  time,  up  to  the  date  of 
this  writing  the  temperature,  though  below  normal 
for  July,  has  yet  been  seasonable  and  has  been  ac- 
companied by  warm  rains  at  intervals  close  enough 
to  prevent  any  approach  to  drought.  This  most  de- 
sirable change  has  had  a  great  and  beneficial  in- 
fluence on  the  growing  crops  and  they  are  now  making 
good  progress,  but  are  yet  much  behind  their  normal 
condition  at  this  time  of  the  year,  and  we  shall  need 
a  continuance  of  this  genial  weather  for  some  time 
to  bring  them  so  forward  as  that  early  frosts  may 
not  catch  them  before  maturitv. 


The  wheat  crop  of  the  country  has  now  been  all 
harvested,  except  in  the  ISTorth  and  I^orthwest,  and 
the  latest  reports  place  its  average  condition  as  below 
that  of  last  year.  All  through  the  sections  where 
threshing  has  been  done  the  yields  are  disappointing, 
and  especially  is  this  so  in  the  South  and  East.  The 
indications  are  that  the  crop  will  fall  very  much  short 
of  what  has  beeil  predicted. 


The  very  cold,  wet  and  unfavorable  spring  has  had 
a  disastrous  efl'ect  on  the  corn  crop  prospect.  Owing 
to  the  impossibility  of  preparing  the  land  and  plant- 
ing the  crop  the  acreage  in  corn  is  greatly  reduced. 
The  government  report  makes  the  reduction  in  area 
over   4,000,000    acres,    whilst    other   more    sanguine 


estimates  place  it  at  something  over  3,000,000  acres. 
But  this  alone  does  not  tell  all  the  tale.  That  planted 
was  so  backward  in  growth  on  the  1st  of  July  that 
much  of  it,  unless  the  weather  is  most  propitious  and 
the  frosts  late,  will  have  great  difficulty  in  reaching 
maturity.  In  the  great  corn  belt  the'  condition  is 
from  1.5  to»20  points  below  that  of  last  year  at  the 
same  time.  In  the  South,  whilst  the  average  condi- 
tion is  higher  than  in  other  parts,  it  is  yet  below  that 
of  the  ten-year  average.  The  indications,  therefore, 
are  for  a  considerably  less  crop  than  that  of  last  year 
and  below  the  average  of  a  normal  vear. 


The  cotton  crop  is  still  reported  as  very  late  and 
small  in  growth,  with  considerable  injury  from  boll 
weavil  in  the  extreme  Southwest  and  a  very  irregu- 
lar growth  in  other  States. 


The  tobacco  crop  is  planted  on  a  larger  area  than 
that  of  last  year  and  is  making  good  progress,  though 
somewhat  late.  The  outlook  in  the  bright  sections  is 
not  so  promising  as  in  the  sections  where  darker  types 
and  shi]iping  are  grown.  Some  of  the  reports  from 
the  Carolinas  are  very  disappointing  as  to  the 
quantity  and  quality  of  the  leaf. 


The  apple  crop  throughout  the  South  is  still  pro- 
mising, a  smaller  proportion  of  the  fruit  having  drop- 
ped than  the  average.  From  the  Piedmont  section  of 
this  State  we  hear  some  excellent  reports. 


Live  stock  is  doing  well  generally,  as  pastures  have 


490 


THE  SOUTHERN  PI.ANTEU. 


[August 


kept  full  of  feed  owing  to  the  rains.  The  demand  on 
the  market  keeps  good  and  prices  are  firm.  The  man 
who  has  plenty  of  stock  is  not  likely  to  regret  it. 


Forage  crops  are  making  good  growth  and  a  large 
acreage  of  these,  especially  peas,  has  been  planted 
within  the  past  month.  It  is  not  yet  too  late  to  plant 
peas  or  peas  and  sorghum  to  make  a  hay  crop,  but  no 
time  should  be  lost  in  getting  them  in. 


The  harvesting  of  these  crops  will  require  atten 
tion  as  they  become  ready.  Dto  not  wait  until  the 
leaves  and  stalks  are  being  dried  up  before  cutting, 
Where  the  object  in  growing  these  crops  is  forage, 
and  not  seed,  they  are  in  the  best  condition  when 
just  forming  the  seed.  Peas  should  be  cut  when 
the  first  pods  are  turning  yellow.  The  pea  crop  is 
best  cut  with  a  grain  reaper  which  throws  the  crop 
out  of  the  way  of  the  horses  when  coming  round 
again.  If  cut  with  a  mower  hands  should  be  em 
ployed  to  follow  the  mower  and  throw  l)ack  the  cut 
crop,  or  much  of  it  will  be  injured  by  the  tramping 
of  the  team.  Leave  broadcast  until  thoroughly  wilted 
and  partially  cured,  then  rake  into  windrow  and  leave 
for  a  day  or  two,  then  put  up  into  cock  and  leave 
to  cure  out,  but  do  not  leave  the  cocks  standing  in 
the  field  until  they  are  wasted  and  weather-beaten. 
If  the  weather  be  fine  and  dry  twenty-four  hours  in 
the  cock  will  make  the  hay  fit  to  store  in  the  barn 
Before  hauling  open  the  cocks  to  the  sun  to  dry  off 
any  excess  of  moisture  caused  by  heating  or  dew,  or 
both,  and  the  hay  may  then  be  safely  packed  away 
closely  in  the  barn  where  it  will  heat  and  cure  out 
finely.  Be  particularly  careful  not  to  haul  the  peas 
when  at  all  damp  with  rain  or  dew  or  they  mould  and 
spoil.  Soy  bean  hay  should  be  cured  in  the  same 
way.  but  it  is  less  susceptible  to  injury  from  rain 
than  peas  and  may  be  left  in  the  cock  longer  without 
loss.  Where  peas  are  grown  for  the  seed  the  crop 
should  be  allowed  to  stand  until  the  most  of  the  pods 
are  turning  ripe  and  then  be  cut  with  the  mower, 
reaper  or  scythe  and  be  handled  as  carefully  and 
little  as  possible  to  avoid  shelling  the  peas.  Put 
into  cocks  as  soon  as  fairly  drv  and  leave  there  to 
cure  out. 

Soy  beans,  when  grown  for  seed,  are  best  cut 
with  a  reaper  and  tied  and  set  up  in  shocks  like 
irrain. 

Sorghum  should  be  cut  like  corn,  but  be  allowed 
to  remain  laid  on  the  ground  for  several  days  to  wilt 
and  largely  cure  before  being  shocked  up.  It  is 
a  crop  which  does  not  spoil  easily  with  the  weather 


and  may  remain  in  the  field  without  loss  for  several 
weeks  if  need  be. 

Millet  should  be  cut  before  the  seed  forms.  It 
is  at  its  best  for  hay  when  in  bloom  and  should  be 
cured  like  a  grass  crop.  By  the  end  of  the  month 
the  corn  crop  intended  for  silage  will  be  sufSciently 
matured  to  cut  and  store.  See  that  you  have  the  silo 
ready  and  the  cutter  and  elevator,  or  better,  the 
blower,  in  place.  Do  not  hurry  the  work  of  filling 
the  silo.  Better  silage  is  made  and  much  more  can 
be  put  into  the  silo  by  filling  slowly.  Cut  half  a  day 
and  fill  half  a  day,  thus  giving  opportunity  for  the 
mass  to  settle  and  get  up  a  good  heat  to  expel  the  air. 
There  is  no  necessity  for  treading  the  silage  or 
weighting  the  top  of  the  filled  silo,  as  was  formerly 
thought  necessary.  All  that  is  needed  is  to  keep  a 
man  or  two  in  the  silo  when  filling  to  see  that  the 
corners  and  round  the  sides  are  kept  well  filled  and 
the  cut  ears  distributed  equally  over  the  silo.  When 
full  or  the  whole  crop  put  in,  cover  with  a  foot  of 
freshly-cut  marsh  grass  or  chaff  or  cotton-seed  hulls 
or  cut  straw.  Water  this  covering  well  and  in  a  few 
days  it  will  be  all  matted  together  with  mould,  which 
will  effectually  seal  the  silage  and  keep  it  good. 


Tlie  seeding  of  forage  crops  to  provide  winter 
and  spring  grazing  and  for  cutting  for  green  feed  in 
the  spring  and  for  an  early  hay  crop  and  to  conserve 
the  fertility  of  the  soil  and  improve  the  land  for 
next  year's  crops,  should  now  be  attended  to.  Crim- 
son clover  is  one  of  the  best  of  these  crops.  The 
only  drawback  attending  it  is  its  liability  to  be  killed 
after  germinating  by  the  sun  and  drouth.  As,  how- 
ever, it  may  be  sowed  from  this  time  to  the  end  of 
September,  or  even  the  middle  of  October,  there  is 
ample  time  within  which  to  secure  a  stand.  The 
l:)est  way  to  proceed  is  to  sow  an  acre  or  two  and 
then  wait  a  week  and  sow  another  acre  or  two  and 
so  on  until  all  the  land  available  has  been  seeded.  In 
this  way  some  part,  if  not  all,  will  make  a  stand 
and  a  crop,  larger  or  smaller,  will  be  secured.  It  is 
too  vahiable  a  crop  as  feed  and  for  an  improver  of  the 
soil  not  to  be  worth  some  special  effort  to  secure  a 
stand.  We  have  known  a  crop  of  it  to  so  improve  a 
piece  of  land  as  to  make  it  produce  from  ten  to 
twenty  bushels  more  of  corn  to  the  acre,  and  this, 
after  having  served  as  pastiirage  for  a  large  number 
of  animals  during-  the  winter  and  spring.  Prepare 
the  land  well  and  if  poor  give  a  dressing  of  300 
pounds  of  acid  phosphate  to  the  acre  and  sow  twelve 
to  fifteen  pounds  of  seed  per  acre.  When  seeding 
this  crop  always  sow  with  it  about  three-fourths  of  a 
bushel  of  wheat  and  oats  mixed  and  one  pounds  of 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTEK. 


491 


Dwarf  Essex  rape  per  acre  may  also  he  sowed  along 
with  the  seed  if  the  crop  is  only  intended  for  pasture 
and  as  an  Improver.  Where  it  is  intended  to  be 
cut  for  hay  the  rape  should  be  omitted.  A  pound  or 
two  of  tnrnip  seed  per  acre  may  also  be  sowed  if  de- 
sired and  will  provide  a  nice  crop  of  roots  for  winter 
])nlling  and  feeding.  The  advantage  of  sowing  this 
mixed  seeding  is  that  if  the  clover  should  be  killed 
there  will  be  sure  to  be  something  left  to  cover  the 
land  during  the  winter-  and  thus  conserve  the  fer- 
tility of  the  soil  and  provide  some  humus  making 
matter  to  be  turned  down  for  the  benefit  of  the  fol- 
lowing crop. 

Another  crop  which  shoiild  not  be  overlooked  is 
hairy  vetch.  This  should  be  seeded  in  August  and 
September  and  will  make  spring  pasturage  and  a  fine 
hay  crop,  which  can  be  cut  in  May  and  be  followed 
by  corn  or  peas..  This  is  one  of  the  leguminous  crops 
which  add  fertility  to  the  soil  and  conserve  the 
land.  Sow  twenty  pounds  of  seed  to  the  acre  on 
woll-prepared  land  and  sow  witli  it  three-fourths  of 
a  bushel  of  wheat  and  oats  mixed.  Harrow  in  and 
if  the  land  is  dry  roll.  If  the  land  is  not  in  good 
fertility  apply  300  pounds  of  acid  phosphate.  It 
makes  an  excellent  pasture  for  hogs  and  cattle  in  the 
early  spring  and  will  make  a  hay  crop  of  from  two 
to  three  tons  to  the  acre. 

The  work  of  preparing  the  land  for  the  wheat  and 
winter  oat  crops  should  be  commenced  at  once.  Ex- 
periments have  fully  demonstrated  that  the  success 
of  these  crops  depends  much  more  on  the  physical 
and  mechanical  condition  of  the  soil  than  upon  the 
fertilizer  applied.  In  a  series  of  rotation  experi- 
ments condvTcted  recently  in  South  Dakota,  where 
wheat  has  been  grown  after  a  great  variety  of  differ- 
ent crops  and  also  after  a  summer  fallow,  diiring 
which  the  land  was  continuously  worked  and  brought 
into  a  fine  mechanical  condition,  the  yield  of  the 
wheat  was  greater  after  the  fallow  than  after  any 
crop.  Where  wheat  succeeded  wheat  the  yield  was 
only  a  little  over  three  bushels  to  the  acre,  whilst  after 
a  summer  fallow  it  was  eighteen  bushels  to  the  acre. 
Wheat  grown  after  corn  always  made  a  better  yield 
than  after  a  crop  that  was  not  cultivated,  thus  show- 
ing that  what  is  needed  to  secure  a  profitable  gro\vth 
of  wheat  is  perfect  preparation  of  the  land  so  as  to 
make  available  the  plant  food  in  the  soil.  The  yield 
of  wheat  after  corn  was  only  about  a  third  of  a  bushel 
less  per  acre  than  after  a  summer  fallow.  Get  the 
plows  into  the  fields  intended  to  be  sown  with  wheat 
and  oats  as   soon    as   possible   and   plough  the  land 


deeply.  Follow  the  ploAvs  with  the  cultivator,  har- 
row and  roller  and  keep  these  going  over  the  land 
every  week  or  ten  days  until  time  to  seed  the  crops. 
The  better  and  more  frequently  the  land  is  worked 
the  better  will  be  the  yield.  Let  the  land  to  be  seeded 
to  winter  oats  receive  first  attention,  as  these  to  be 
grown  profitably — and  they  are,  on  an  average  of 
years,  the  only  oats  which  can  be  grown  profitably 
in  the  South — ought  to  be  sown  in  September,  whilst 
wlieat  should  not  be  sown  until  after  we  have  had  a 
frost  or  two,  say,  in  October  or  November.  The 
essential  for  success  in  wheat  growing  is  a  fine, 
deeply-broken  seed  bed,  yet  with  a  compact  subsurface 
and  land  free  from  weeds.  By  breaking  at  once  and 
frequent  harrowing  and  cultivating  these  essentials 
can  be  secured. 

Turnips  should  be  sown  this  monlh.  To  make  the 
heaviest  yield  they  should  be  planted  in  drills  2  feet 
6  inches  apart  and  be  thinned  out  after  they  have 
made  two  or  three  leaves,  so  as  to  stand  about  nine 
inches  apart  in  the  drill.  The  laud  should  be  finely 
broken  and  the  seed  be  drilled  in — about  two  pounds 
to  the  acre — and  be  rolled  with  a  light  roller.  If 
,-own  broadcast  it  will  take  three  or  four  pounds  of 
seed  per  acre.  Turnips,  to  make  a  heavy  crop- — 'We 
have  made  thirty  tons  to  the  acre — require  heavy 
fertilization.  From  ten  to  twenty  tons  of  farm-yard 
manure  to  the  acre  may  be  applied  with  advantage, 
and  in  its  absence,  or  even  as  a  supplement  to  it, 
400  or  500  pounds  to  the  acre  of  acid  phosphate 
should  be  used.  A  crop  of  turnips  makes  such  a 
valuable  addition  to  the  winter  rations  of  cattle,  sheep 
and  hogs  that  an  effort  should  be  made  to  secure 
them.  With  turnips,  straw  or  corn  fodder  and  a 
pound  of  cotton-seed  meal  per  head  per  day  young 
cattle  can  be  carried  through  the  winter  in  a  con- 
stantly improving  condition. 


Dwarf  Essex  rape  should  now  be  seeded  for  a  fall, 
winter  and  spring  pasture  for  sheep  and  hogs.  This 
crop  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  for  these  animals 
and  will  make  meat  and  growth  very  cheaply.  Sow 
two  to  four  pounds  to  the  acre  bro^adcast  on  well-pre- 
pared land  and  harrow  lightly  and  roll.  Let  the 
plants  make  a  fair  growth  before  turning  stock  on 
to  them,  and  do  not  graze  too  closely  and  they  will 
then  continue  to  make  growth  all  through  the  winter 
and  spring  and  provide  constant  pasturage. 


Do  not  pull   fodder,  but  wait  until   the  corn  is 
glazed  and  dented  and  then  cut  up  at  the  root  and 


492 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[August 


sliock  to  cure  and  thus  save  all  the  crojt,  which  has 
c<ist  labor  and  money  to  produce  it.  Pulling  fodder 
means  wasting  a  large  part  of  the  crop  and  injuring 
the  vield  of  corn. 


ALFALFA. 

In  recent  issues  we  have  strongly  urged  the  growth 
of  this  crop  in  the  Southern  States,  and  have  most 
satifactorv  reports  as  to  the  success  made  in  experi- 
ment? with  it  in  various  sections.  The  only  dis- 
couraging report  is  that  recorded  in  this  issue  from 
South  Carolina,  where,  in  one  case,  a  fungoid  dis- 
eae  ha.s  attacked  the  croj).  Notwithstanding  this  we 
still  urge  that  efforts  should  be  made  to  establish  the 
growth  of  alfalfa  as  one  of  the  regular  crops  of  the 
southern  farm.  Its  value  as  a  feed  asd  sale  crop 
and  the  great  yields  which  it  makes  for  a  series  of 
years  on  suitable  land  when  once  established,  war- 
rant* some  risk  being  taken  of  its  being  now  and 
then  and  here  and  there  attacked  by  this  fungoid  dis- 
ease. Even  if  it  should  onlv  stand  one  year  it  will  in 
its  several  cuttings,  make  a  yield  of  hay  three  or 
four  times  heavier  than  clover  or  any  grass  crop. 
An  tverage  yield  per  year  may  be  taken,  on  suitable 
land,  at  8.000  pounds  of  dried  hay  per  acre.  Ten 
thousand  pounds,  and  even  more  than  this,  has  been 
frequently  cut.  It  should  be  cut  when  one-third  of 
the  blooms  have  appeared.  It  is  then  richest  in 
feeding  value.  We  are  asked  frequently  as  to  grow- 
ing it  on  poor  land.  In  reply,  we  would  say  that  it  is 
not  a  poor  land  crop.  No  plant  producing  such  yields 
as  it  does  can  be  expected  to  flourish  on  poor  land. 
Experiments  made  at  the  ^linnesota  Experiment 
Station  show  that  an  average  crop  of  8,000  pounds 
to  the  acre  will  remove  from  the  soil  200  pounds  of 
potash,  98  pounds  of  phosphoric  acid,  80  poimds  of 
lime  and  32  pounds  of  magnesia.  It,  therefore,  calls 
for  a  soil  rich  in  the  mineral  fertilizers,  potash  and 
])hosphoric  acid.  The  nitrogen  it  requires  it  obtains 
from  the  atmosphere  when  once  it  is  established  and 
the  soil  fully  inoculated  with  the  specific  alfalfa  bac- 
teria. A  suitable.fertilizer  to  apply  as  indicated  by 
this  analysis  of  the  plast  food  removed,  would  be  300 
pounds  ofmuriate  of  potash  and  .")00  pounds  of  acid 
phosphate  (14  per  cent.)  per  acre.  -This  should  be 
applied  broadcast  some  weeks  before  seeding  and  be 
well  worked  into  the  land  and  an  application  of 
lime — twenty-five  bushels  to  the  acre — should  be  also 
made  broadcast  and  well  mixed  with  the  soil.  When 
the  crop    is  once  well    established  it  should  be    top 


dressed  each  year  with  farm-yard  manure,  supple- 
mented with  1  ."iO  pounds  of  muriate  of  potash  and  300 
l)ounds  of  acid  phosphate  per  acre  to  maintain  the  fer- 
tility of  the  soil  and  sustain  the  draft  upon  the  land 
of  the  heavy  crops  which  will  be  produced.  We  refer 
our  readers  for  further  information  as  to  the  crop 
to  our  articles  in  the  June  and  July  issues. 

Since  we  wrote  the  foregoing  we  have  had  the 
pleasure  of  a  call  from  Dr.  Stubbs,  the  director  of 
the  Louisiana  Experiment  Station,  who  was  on  his 
way  to  spend  his  vacation  on  the  old  family  planta- 
tios  in  Gloucester  county,  Va.  This  plantation  the 
Doctor  is  bringing  into  a  highly  fertile  and  profitable 
condition  under  the  management  of  his  nephew.  He 
lias  already  a  considerable  acreage  in  alfalfa,  some 
of  which  has  already  stood  for  five  years,  and  off 
which  he  has  this  year  cut  already  two  hea\'y  crops 
with  a  third  now  ready  for  cutting.  He  finds  that  he 
c;ni  cut  on  the  average  four  crops  per  year,  each  ave- 
raging from  one  and  a  half  to  two  tons  to  the  acre. 
T'or  this  hay  he  ha?  a  demand  for  all  that  he  can 
■rpare  and  finds  it  a  most  valuable  sale  crop,  as  well 
as  a  feed  crop  for  his  stock.  He  intends  to  put  at 
least  one  third  of  the  plantation  into  alfalfa  as  fast 
as  he  can  get  the  land  into  good  enough  order  and 
rich  enough  to  grow  it,  and  he  will  then  be  able  to 
carry  a  heavy  head  of  live  stock  all  the  year  round. 
In  summer  he  will  cut  the  alfalfa  and  feed  it  to  the 
stock  and  in  winter  will  feed  the  hay  along  with  his 
other  roughage.  We  asked  him  about  the  fungoid 
disease  above  referred  to.  He  said  that  he  had  had 
experience  with  it.  It  attacked  one  of  his  fields  one 
year,  being  brought,  he  believed,  with  the  seed.  As 
soon  as  it  was  seen  to  be  spreading  he  had  the  crop 
cut  down  with  the  mower  as  close  to  the  ground  as 
possible.  The  alfalfa  was  at  once  put  up  into  lumps 
and  allowed  to  heat.  This  heating  destroyed  many 
of  the  fungoid  spores.  The  crop  was  then  dried  out 
and  then  set  on  fire  and  biirned  up  completely,  and 
be  had  no  further  trouble  with  the  disease.  He  has 
also  had  "dodder"  to  attack  the  crop.  This  is  a 
parasite  like  the  "dodder"  which  attacks  clover,  and 
is  brought  into  the  field  with  the  seed.  The  only 
remedy  is  to  cut  the  crop  and  burn  it  up  as  soon  as 
it  is  attacked  and  before  seed  is  formed.  The  Doctor 
i?  emphatic  in  his  opinion  that  neither  the  fungoid 
disease  nor  any  other  hindrance  should  be  allowed  to 
stand  in  the  way  of  growing  alfalfa.  His  experience 
with  the  crop,  both  in  Louisiana  and  in  Virginia,  is 
large,  and  he  is  satisfied  that  it  has  in  it  elements  of 
more  permanent  value  for  the  farm  and  the  farmer 
than  any  other  crop  whch  can  be  produced. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


493 


GRASS  SEEDING. 

For  many  years  past,  indeed  ever  since  we  have 
edited  this  journal,  we  have  been  urging,  m  season 
and  out  of  season,  that  Southern  farmers  should 
itrow  grass  and  forage  crops  for  hay  and  pasture  and 
for  the  permanent  improvement  of  their  farms.  Ex- 
perience the  world  over  has  shown  that  only  those 
countries  which  have  made  these  crops  a  leading 
f.ictor  in  their  systems  of  agriculture  have  tiecome 
jiermanently  agriculturally  prosperous.  Without 
these  crops  it  is  absolutely  impossible  to  carry  live 
stock  on  the  farm  with  profit,  and  without  live  stock 
no  system  of  farming  can,  in  the  long  run,  result  in 
anything  but  the  ruin  of  the  land  and  of  those  owning 
and  farming  it.  The  months  of  .'Vugust  and  Sep- 
tember being  the  time  of  the  year  when  grasses  can 
be  sown  in  the  South  with  the  greatest  probability  of 
success,  we  propose  to  say  something  on  the  proper 
method  of  proceeding  in  order  to  secure  a  good  stand. 
At  the  outset  let  us  say  that  statistics  go  to  show  that 
the  South  is  making  progTess  in  grass  growing.  The 
value  of  the  hay  crop  on  the  farm  in  Maryland,  Vir- 
ginia, North  and  South  Carolina  was,  in  1902, 
$14,280,220.  This  nearly  equalled  the  value  of  the 
A'.heat  crop  in  those  States  in  the  same  year,  which 
was  $15,285,225.  It  was  nearly  three  times  the 
value  of  the  oat  crop  in  those  States.  The  average 
value  of  the  hay  crop  per  acre  in  those  States  in 
1902  was  $14.98;  that  of  wheat  was  $6.41;  corn, 
$10.87  ;  oats,  $7.94.  When  the  cost  of  producing  the 
crop  of  hay  is  compared  with  the  cost  of  producing 
any  of  these  cereals,  it  will  be  seen  how  much  more 
profitable  it  is  to  grow  hay.  But  this  does  sot  ex- 
haust the  advantages.  In  producing  grass  and  hay 
not  only  is  there  a  large  saving  in  labor,  but  there 
is  at  the  same  time  a  large  conservation  of  the  fer- 
tility of  the  land  and  permanent  improvement  of  the 
farm.  Another  great  factor  is  that  the  hay  crop  can 
practically  be  made  to  a  very  great  extent  a  sale  crop, 
for  which  there  is  an  unlimited  demand  in  the 
large  cities  of  the  Soi:th,  a  demand  which  the  South 
does  not  begin  to  satisfy,  as  hundreds  of  car  loads 
of  Western  and  Northern  hay  are  shipped  into  the 
South  every  year.  Growing  forage  crops  at  the  same 
time  as  the  hay  crop  sets  the  hay  free  to  be  sold,  and 
yet  permits  of  the  keeping  of  a  heavy  head  of  live 
■^tock,  which  can  be  profitably  carried  on  the  forage 
crops  alone  or  siipplemented  with  a  little  cotton-seed 
meal.  The  average  yield  per  acre  of  hay  in  the  South 
is  nearly  as  large  as  that  of  the  Northern  and  West- 
ers States,  whilst  the  average  value  per  ton  is  greater 
than  in  most  of  those  States.     We  know  farmers  who 


have  been  selling  hay  nearly  all  last  winter  and  du- 
ring the  spring  at  from  $18  to  $20  per  ton  on  the 
farm.  With  such  an  opening  and  prospect  before 
him  it  is  time  for  the  southern  farmer  to  cease  kill- 
ing gTass  and  go  to  prodiicing  hay  and  permanent 
pasture.  The  essentials  for  success  in  growing  grass 
are  rich,  finely-prepared  land,  the  seeding  at  the  best 
time  with  proper  varieties  of  grass,  the  seeding  of 
grass  alone  without  a  grain  crop  and  the  keeping  of 
stock  off  the  newly-seeded  land  until  a  dense  sod 
has  been  secured.  One  of  the  gi'eat  causes  of  failure 
to  seciire  a  stand  of  grass  is  land  inadequately  pre- 
pared for  the  crop  and  not  made  rich  enough.  Whilst, 
grasses  are  shallow-rooted  plants  it  is  essential  to  their 
success  that  land  shall  be  deeply  broken  in  order  that 
the  soil  may  be  capable  of  holding  a  reserve  of  moist- 
ure to  meet  the  needs  of  the  crop  during  a  dry  time 
;ind  over  a  series  of  years.  It  is  also  essential  that 
there  should  be  an  abundance  of  available  plant  food 
in  the  soil,  and  nothing  so  much  conduces  to  the  avail- 
ability of  this  food  as  repeated  cultivation  of  the 
land  so  as  to  secure  that  to  the  depth  broken  the  soil 
should  be  in  as  finely  a  broken  condition  as  possible. 
Grasses  will  not  germinate  and  grow  well  unless  the 
soil  is  so  finely  broken  as  that  the  seeds  are  closely 
surrounded  wth  fine  soil  into  which  the  tiny  rootlets 
can  make  their  way  and  absorb  the  plant  food.  This 
deep  breaking  should  be  followed  by  the  cultivator 
and  i-oller  until  the  seed  bed  can  be  made  no  finer. 
Grasses  call  for  all  the  elements  of  plant  food,  there- 
fore a  complete  fertilizer  should  be  applied.  Where 
barn-yard  manure  can  be  had  no  better  fertilizer  can 
be  iised  as  the  basis  for  the  fertilization.  This,  how- 
ever, can  be  usefully  and  profitably  supplemented 
with  acid  phosphate  or  bone  meal  and  possibily  with 
some  potash,  though  if  lime  has  been,  or  is,  applied  to 
the  land  this  may,  in  most  sections  of  this  State,  be 
omitted,  as  there  is  a  reserve  of  potash  in  most  of  our 
soils  which  only  requires  to  be  made  available  by  the 
use  of  lime.  Our  own  experience  is  strongly  in  favor 
of  the  use  of  bone  meal  as  a  permanent  fertilizer  for 
grass.  It  is  slower  in  its  action  than  acid  phosphate, 
but  more  lasting.  Where  acid  phosphate  is  used  it 
should  be  supplemented  with  some  nitrate  of  soda, 
though  we  would  not  apply  more  than  50  or  75 
pounds  to  the  acre  at  seeding,  and  would  top  dress  the 
st.and  in  the  spring  with  another  75  pounds  after 
Ihe  grass  has  commenced  to  grow.  Apply  500  pounds 
to  the  acre  of  acid  phosphate  or  bone  meal  before 
needing  and  work  this  well  into  the  soil.  The  variety 
and  quantity  of  seed  to  be  sown  is  an  important  point. 
Tf  the  field  is  intended  for  a  meadow  then  onlv  those 


494 


THE  SOUTHEKX  PLAXTEK. 


[August 


varieties  should  be  seeded  which  mature  at  the  same 
time.  If  intended  for  a  pasture  the  greater  the 
varietv  seeded  within  reasonable  limits  the  better,  as 
this  will  prolong  the  grazing  period  from  spring  to 
fall.  The  grasses  in  a  pasture  should  keep  succeed- 
ing each  other  all  through  the  grazing  season,  and  in 
the  South  this  practically  means  all  throiigh  the  year. 
At  the  foot  of  this  article  we  give  particulars  of  varie- 
ties of  grasses  to  be  sown  on  difFerent  soils  for 
These  different  ])urposes.  We  are  strongly  in  favor  of 
heavy  seeding.  We  would  never  sow  less  than  two 
bushels  ot  seed  to  the  acre,  and  prefer  two  and  a  half, 
except  in  the  case  of  timothy,  when  seeded  alone, 
when  a  peck  is  sufficient.  The  majority  of  the  grass 
seeds  are  so  small  and  so  liable  to  be  of  uncertain 
germinating  power,  owing  to  climatic  conditions  at 
blooming  time,  that  it  is  never  safe  to  rely  upon  light 
seeding.  To  be  valuable  a  meadow  or  a  pasture  should 
as  quickly  as  possible  be  covered  with  a  dense  sod. 
This  can  only  certainly  be  secured  by  the  use  of 
plenty  of  seed.  Sow  the  seed  broadcast — half  one 
way  of  the  field  and  half  across  the  first  seeding. 
Harrow  in  with  a  light  harrow  and  then  roll.  Do  not 
sow  any  grain  crop  with  the  grass.  The  practice  of 
seeding  grain  with  grass  is  one  not  adapted  to  the 
South.  It  succeeds  in  the  North  and  in  England, 
from  which  country  it  was  introduced  here,  but  the 
climate  there  is  very  different  from  here.  Here,  in- 
stead of  being  a"  "nurse  crop."  it  is  a  robber  crop, 
depriving  the  grass  seeds  of  the  moisture  and  plant 
food  which  they  need  and  causing  the  growth  to  be 
spindling  and  weak  and  then  just  when  shade  is  most 
essential  the  grain  is  cut  and  the  grass  perishes  in 
the  hot  weather.  Sown  alone  the  grasses  make  a 
strong,  vigorous  growth  and  are  gradually  inured  to 
the  heat  of  the  sun  and  go  through  the  hot  weather 
without  injury,  if  only  there  be  sufficient  moisture 
in  the  soil.  Iti  thus  advising  seeding  grasses  alone 
we  speak  from  experience.  We  have  tried  both  ways 
many  times,  and  whilst  we  have  often  failed  when 
seeded  with  grain,  we  never  failed  to  secure  a  stand 
when  the  grasses  were  sown  alone  or  only  with  clover. 
We  are  in  favor  of  seeding  some  clover  with  al!  grass 
seeds,  except,  timothy,  which  always  sells  best  when 
clear  timothy  alone.  The  clover  helps  to  make  a 
heavier  crop  the  first  year  before  the  grasses  are 
thoroughly  established  and  in  the  decay  of  its  roots 
in  subsequent  years  makes  food  for  the  grass.  Sow 
the  clover  at  the  same  time  as  the  grass  and  not  in 
the  spring.  If  the  fall  seeding  is  killed  out  it  may 
be  resown  in  the  spring.  When  grass  is  sown  alone 
a  crop  may  usually  be  cut  the  first  year  in  the  early 


fall.  Xo  stock,  except  it  may  be  sheep  or  calves, 
should  be  pastured  on  the  grass  the  first  year,  and 
these  should  not  be  allowed  to  be  on  the  land  when  it 
is  wet.  Pasturing  with  heavy  cattle  or  horses  before 
the  grasses  have  made  a  good  root-hold  and  the  sod 
i>  thickening,  is  certain  to  result  in  permanent  injury. 

Grass  seed  mixture  for  a  meadow  on  good  loam 
,Qil. — Orchard  grass,  tall  meadow  oat  grass,  meadow 
fescue,  perennial  rye,  red  top. 

Grass  seed  mixture  for  permanent  pasture  on  good 
loam  soil. — Tall  meadow  oat  grass,  Virginia  blue- 
crass,  orciiard  grass,  perennial  rye,  red  top,  Kentucky 
Ijlue,  meadow  fescue. 

Sow  with  the  meadow  mixture  six  pounds  of  red 
(;lover  per  acre,  or  alsike  clover. 

Sow  with  the  pasture  mixture  five  pounds  of  red 
(liver  and  five  pounds  of  white  clover. 


ALFALFA. 

Editor  .ioidhern   Planter: 

If  it  is  not  asking  too  much  will  you  please  give 
me  some  information  about  a  piece  of  "alfalfa 
clover"  tliat  I  prize  very  highly.  It  was  seeded  the 
first  of  last  September  on  a  piece  of  rich,  loamy  soil 
that  had  been  freed  of  weeds.  It  was  twenty -seven 
inches  high  the  l.")th  of  last  December,  and  I  cut  it  at 
that  time,  as  you  advised  me  to  do.  I  have  ctit  two 
crops  of  hay  off  it  this  spring  and  it  is  now  about 
iwenty-six  inches  high  .o.nd  beginning  to  bloom.  After 
cutting  it  the  last  time  I  top  dressed  it  with  fertilizer 
(2-8-2  goods)  at  the  rate  of  about  600  pounds  to  the 
acre.  I  find  now  that  here  and  there  the  leaves  and 
stalks  are  turning  yellow  and  dying.  I  have  ex- 
atiiined  it  carefully,  but  cannot  find  any  insect  or 
parasite  preying  upon  it.  Any  information  or  ad- 
\ice  you  may  give  me  will  be  very  much  appreciated. 

The  rapidity  of  its  growth  in  dry  weather  was 
dimply  wonderful.  It  grew,  by  actual  measurement, 
sixteen  inches  in  eleven  days  during  the  dry  spell 
we  had  in  May.  Dr.  G.  H.  Fixch. 

Mecldenhurg  county,  Va. 

When  we  received  the  foregoing  communication 
we  wrote  Dt.  Finch  that  we  thought  it  probable  that 
the  trouble  he  complained  of  was  caused  by  the  wet 
weather  of  .lune.  The  alfalfa  plant  is  easily  injured 
l-y  water  standing  or  wet  vegetable  matter  lying  upon 
the  plants.  These  cause  the  crowns  of  the  roots  to 
decay  and  the  plant  then  soon  dies.  We  have  known 
one  or  two  good  stands  to  be  lost  from  these  causes, 
hence  the  importance  of  seeing  that  land  seeded  to 
;iifalfa  has  good  drainage,  and  that  after  the  crop  is 
ciifit  is  quickly  made  into  hay  and  got  off  the  field. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


495 


If  the  hay  is  caught  in  a  wet  season  and  cannot  be 
quickly  dried,  it  should  be  hauled  off  the  field  to  the 
barn  yard  and  be  made  into  manure  and  thus  save 
the  plants,  which  will  give  another  crop  to  take  the 
place  of  the  lost  one  in  a  month  or  five  weeks.  Since 
we  wrote  Dr.  Finch  we  have  received  the  following 
communications  from  another  subscriber,  Mr.  Rod- 
dey,  of  Rock  Hill.  S.  C,  which  may  explain  the 
irouble.  We  trust,  however,  that  this  is  not  so,  as  we 
should  regret  to  know  that  the  disease  mentioned  is 
]:.revalent  in  these  South  Atlantic  States.  We  have 
known  several  good  stands  of  alfalfa  in  this  section 
which  have  stood  for  a  number  of  years,  and  heard  of 
no  indications  of  the  disease.     Mr.  Roddey  says : 

I  have  read  with  a  great  deal  of  interest  your  ar- 
ticle in  the  Soutttterx  Pj.axtenk  of  July,  1903, 
and  as  T  am  intei'ested  in  alfalfa,  it  occurs  to  me  to 
give  you  the  benefit  of  my  recent  experience.  T  have 
about  an  acre  of  alfalfa,  from  which  two  good  cut- 
ting's have  been  secured  this  year.  Quite  recently  it 
appears  to  have  been  attacked  by  a  fungus  disease, 
and  I  sen*  some  specimens  of  the  diseased  alfalfa  to 
the  Department  of  Agriculture  at  Washington,  and 
enclosed  you  will  find  a  copy  of  the  letter  which  I 
received  in  reply  to  my  communication  relative  to 
the  subject.  Quite  a  number  of  our  farmers  pro 
posed  planting  alfalfa  this  fall,  and  quite  a  local  en 
thusiasm  has  been  manifested  in  its  growth.  The 
department's  letter,  however,  is  a  knockout  blow  and 
we  are  somewhat  at  a  loss  to  know  how  to  proceed 
further,  ^fy  present  idea  is  to  discontinue  its  culti- 
vation and  to  advise  my  friends  who  intended  grow- 
ing it  that  in  view  of  the  fungus  disease  which  has 
appeared,  it  would  probably  be  best  to  go  slow  in 
.".ny  further  experiments  in  its  growth. 

Copy  of  letter  referred  to : 

W.\.«iii>:o-rox,  D.  C,  July  6,  I'.iOo. 

.V/-.  ir.  L.  Roddey.  Tiock  Hill,  S.  C: 

Df.ai;  Sti!. — Your  letter  of  the  1st  instant  with  the 
accompanying  specimens  of  diseased  alfalfa  has 
been  referred  to  this  ofhce.  An  examination  of  the 
specimens  shows  that  they  are  badly  attacked  by  a 
fungus  disease  generally  called  leaf-spot,  known  to 
botanists  as  pseudopeziza  medicaqinis  (Lib.)  Sacc. 
This  disease  has  been  reported  from  several  States, 
especially  in  the  East,  and  has  proved  pai-ticularlv 
troublesome  in  some  parts  of  Delaware,  where  some 
experiments  have  been  carried  on  in  treating  it. 
Thus  far,  however,  no  satisfactory  remedy  has  been 
found.  Tt  is  possible  that  some  benefit  m.ay  be  de- 
rived from  a  thorough  treatment  with  Bordeaux  mix- 
lure  if  commenced  early  in  the  spring  before  the 
plants  are  attacked.  Where  the  plants  have  become 
so  badly  diseased  tliat  there  is  no  hope  of  curing  them, 


it  would  probably  be  best  to  burn  the  field  and  plant 
it  to  some  other  crop.      Very  truly  yours, 

(Signed)  ('.  L.  Sue.vr,  Pnthologisi. 


HESSIAN  FLY. 


As  is  the  case  in  almost  every  year,  we  have  this 
year  had  complaints  of  "fly"  in  the  wheat  from 
various  sections  of  this  and  the  adjoining  States. 
Xow  is  the  time  of  the  year  when  effective  steps  can 
bo  taken  for  lessening  the  risk  of  damage  from  this 
pest.  If  every  farmer  would  act  now  the  damage 
could  be  reduced  to  the  very  smallest  proportions, 
but  if  only  an  isolated  farmer  here  and  there  takes 
the  proper  steps,  whilst  some  good  may  be  done,  no- 
thing like  extermination  can  result.  Each  farmer 
should  at  once  plough  a  bed  of  land  across  a  field 
and  sow  it  with  wheat ;  very  soon  after  it  becomes 
green  with  the  young  plants  if  any  Hessian  flies  are 
.nbout  they  will  settle  upon  it  and  lay  their  eggs. 
When  the  strip  is  thoroughly  infested  with  the  flies 
plough  the  crop  down  deep  and  roll  the  land.  This 
will  bury  and  destroy  the  flies  and  their  eggs,  and 
then  if  the  seeding  of  the  wheat  crop  be  deferred 
iiiitil  after  we  have  had  a  sharp  frost  very  little  fear 
of  damage  need  be  apprehended  from  this  source. 
^Vhere  only  one  or  two  farmers  in  a  section  adopt 
this  course  only  partial  relief  can  be  secured,  as  the 
flies  will  be  bred  on  one  farm  and  make  their  way 
to  others.  Urge  your  neighbors  to  join  you  in  this 
campaign. 


OATS  TURNING  TO  CHEAT. 

Kditor  Southern   Planiei-: 

In  the  last  issue  of  the  Planter  a  subscriber  asks, 
"Will  gray  winter  oats  turn  to  cheat  ?"  You  reply 
that  neither  oats  nor  wheat  nor  any  other  kind  of 
grain  will  turn  to  cheat  or  chess. 

!Now,  Mr.  Editor,  I  am  aware  that  your  answer 
is  in  conformity  with  the  prevailing  opinion  of  bota- 
nists and  scientists.  However,  in  the  light  of  recent 
experiments  by  horticulturists  and  others  upon  va- 
rious shrubs  and  plants  in  the  way  of  hybridizing,  the 
iheoretical  deductions  of  past  scientists  have  fre- 
quently come  to  grief. 

I  will  say  for  the  benefit  of  your  subscribers  that 
cheat,  Or  chess  fBromus  secaliiius),  is  a  hybrid  (or 
like  a  hybrid)  of  the  order  Graminacea?,  originating 
from  the  changed  conditiori  of  the  organization  of 
cither  wheat  or  oats,  and  perhaps  other  grains,  'and 
thereafter,  like  many  otliei-  hybrids,  retaining  the 
power  nf  projiaaration. 


496 


THE  SOTJTHERX  PLAXTER. 


[August 


All  this  may  be  demonstrated  by  seeding  to  either 
fall  wheat  or  oats  a  plat  where  excessive  water  and 
iVost  in  the  latter  part  of  winter  shall  so  nearly  ex- 
haust the  vitality  as  to  change  the  organism  of  the 
plant,  yet  not  quite  destroy  it.  ^fany  of  the  plants 
ivill  show  up  chess  v.'hen  headed. 

I  COM  call  to  mind  several  instances  in  niv  memory 
where  I  have  seen  this,  and  also  several  examples  of 
v.hont  and  chess  gro^vn  on  the  same  root  and  very 
'■iiiefntly  examined  to  see  that  no  mistake  was  made. 

)'or],-  roiiiily.  Va.  B.  F.  Wright. 

We  would  like  to  have  the  opinion  nf  some  of  our 
specialists  on  plant  breeding  on  this  qiiestion.  The 
best  authorities  wo  know  are  entirely  opposed  to  the 
idea  that  one  plant  can  change  into  another.  They 
stand  by  the  doctrine  that  "like  produces  like."  We 
ijrant  the  possibility  of  such  a  combination  of  un- 
favorable circumstances  as  may  cause  a  plant  or  an 
animal  to  degenerate  into  a  wretched  specimen  of  the 
original  and  true  type  of  the  species  or  breed,  but 
that  such  degeneracy  should  caxise  a  change  so  arreat 
as  to  make  the  species  or  breed  a  perfect  plant  or 
animal  of  another  kind  is  beyond  our  conception. 
Bromvs  secaiinis  (cheat  or  chess)  is  a  distinct  botani- 
cal species  of  grass  reproducing  itself  truly  gene- 
ration after  generation  and  showing  little  or  no  varia- 
tion in  type.  So  also  are  wheat  and  oats.  They  all 
belong  to  one  great  botanical  family,  and  it  is  beyond 
our  comprehension  that  any  one  of  them  should, 
under  any  circumstances,  change  so  as  to  become  a 
]  erfect  plant  of  another  member  of  the  same  family. 
If  wheat  and  oats  can  change  to  cheat,  why  not  cheat 
change  to  wheat  or  oats.  Such  a  change  has  never 
yet  been  recorded  so  far  as  we  know.  Hybridization 
has,  no  doubt,  produced  some  strange  freaks,  but 
it  is,  we  believe,  an  essential  in  all  eases  of  hybridi- 
zation of  plants  that  there  should  be  a  cross  fertiliza- 
tion of  the  pollen  of  the  flowers.  Contrary  to  this 
principle  the  claimed  change  or  hybridization  of 
wheat  or  oats  to  cheat  occurs  in  winter  when  there  is 
no  pollen  or  flowers  on  either  plant. — En. 


VETCH,  COW  PEA,  AND  SOY  BEAN  HAY  AS  SUB- 
STITUTES FOR  WHEAT  BRAN. 

The  object  of  the  feeding  experiments  herein  de- 
scribed was  to  ascertain  whether  hay  m^de  from  hairy 
vetch,  cow  peas  and  soy  beans  could  be  advan- 
tageously substituted  for  most  of  the  wheat  bran  in 
the  ration  of  dairy  cows. 

The  following  values  per  ton  were  used  in  calcu 
la  ting  the  cost  of  food: 


Wheat  bran,  $20.00;  vetch  hay,  $10.00;  cow  pea 
hay,  $10.00 ;  cotton  seed,  $12.00 ;  cotton  seed  meal, 
$20.00 ;  cotton  seed  hulls,  $5.00. 

Vetch  hay  proved  fully  equal  in  feeding  value  to  a 
similar  weight  of  wheat  bran.  By  this  substitution 
the  cost  of  the  food  required  to  make  a  pound  of  but- 
ter was  reduced  25  per  cent.,  which  is  equivalent  to  a 
monthly  saving  of  $22.20  in  a  herd  of  twenty  cows. 

With  the  vetch  ration  the  cost  of  food  for  one 
pound  of  butter  averaged  10  cents  in  contrast  with 
13.4  cents  when  wheat  bran  was  fed. 

The  waste  in  feeding  vetch  hay  was,  with  most 
cows,  about  6  per  cent,  of  the  amount  offered  and 
\\  ith  cow  pea  hay  about  IG  per  cent. ;  the  latter  resi- 
due being  useless,  is  charged  as  a  part  of  the  ration. 

That  portion  of  the  cow  pea  hay  actually  eaten 
proved  fully  equal  in  feeding  value  to  a  similar 
weight  of  wheat  bran.  Charging  the  cows  with  all 
the  cow  pea  hay  offered  them,  we  find  that  cow  pea 
hay  had  Sf>  per  cent,  of  the  feeding  value  of  wheat 
bran,  one  ton  of  this  hay  being  eq\ial  to  1,720  pounds 
of  wheat  bran. 

\¥lien  wheat  bran  was  worth  $20  per  ton  cow  pea 
hay  was  worth  $17.20,  and  vetch  hay  $20.00. 

The  monthly  profits  per  cow  were  $4.65  on  the 
vetch  ration  and  $4.35  on  the  cow  pea  ration. 

One  of  the  Jersey  cows  used  in  this  test  produced 
butter  at  a  cost  for  food  of  only  S  1-3  cents  per  pound, 
\\i)cn  fed  on  the  vetch  ration. 

Running  cow  pea  hay  through  a  feed  cutter  did  not 
decrease  the  waste  in  feeding  this  food. 

Four  and  a  half  per  cent,  more  butter  was  pro- 
duced with  soy  bean  hay  than  with  cow  pea  hay,  if 
we  take  account  of  the  portion  of  each  actually  eaten ; 
however,  a  larger  proportion  of  the  coarse  stems  of 
the  soy  bean  hay  was  left  uneaten. 

When  corn  hearts  was  substituted  for  wheat  bran 
the  yield  of  butter  was  increased  by  8  per  cent. 

J.  F.  DUGGAE, 

Afp-icuUvrist  Alabama  Eccperiment  Station. 


BORERS. 

One  pint  of  carbolic  acid,  five  gallons  of  wliitewash, 
•me  |>ound  of  sulphur,  half  ])ound  of  salt,  one  quart 
of  soap — used  in  Georgia  largely  for  peach  trees,  and 
jirevents  borers.  T'se  just  before  the  trees  bloom. 
Dig  around  the  ti-ee  close  to  the  body,  exposing  the 
roots  slightly,  and  apply  the  wash  from  roots  to  crotch 
of  tree.  The  scent  of  the  acid  remains  three  months. 
\\'hen  this  wash  is  used,  one  never  has  any  trouble 
with  wormy  preaches,  the  scent  probably  keeping 
cnroulios  awav. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEE. 


497 


■^.< 


m^^.&^^-J^\, 


CLOVER  IN  EASTERN  VIRGINIA. 

Editor  tSuidhern   Planter: 

Ir  is  generally  agreed  and  understood  by  tillers  of 
The  i-iA\  that  clover  is  the  best  friend  the  farmer  has 
ill  i!ie  line  of  grasses.  The  general  idea  and  verdict 
is,  liiat  if  clover  will  grow,  and  there  be  a  substantial 
snbsoil,  such  land  can  be  easily  brought  up  to  a  high 
state  of  cultivation,  and  to  a  great  degree  of  produc- 
tiveness. In  short,  nearly  everybody  has  a  good 
word  and  kindly  feeling  for  clover  on  the  farm. 

In  my  correspondence  and  conference  with  people 
from  the  East,  West  and  jSTorth  ,  T  find  the  idea 
generally  prevailing  that  clover  will  not  do  well  in 
the  South.     This  seems  to  be  the  general  opinion. 

How  this  idea  gets  its  hold  Tipon  so  many  people 
I  cannot  say;  but  presume  it  may  be  from  the  fact 
;hat  clover  is  not  more  generally  grown  in  the  South. 

Then,  too,  in  some  portions  of  the  South  the  soil 
may  be  too  poor,  and  the  subsoil  too  light,  or  the  dry 
.spells  in  summer  too  long,  or  the  winter  frosts  too 
severe. 

But  none  of  these  causes  or  drawbacks  can  be 
urged  against  the  growing  of  clover  down  here  in 
Kastern  Virginia.  The  soil  is  of  alluvial  character, 
very  friable,  easy  to  cultivate  and  the  subsoil  is  a 
good,  substantial  clay. 

The  coldest  dro])  of  the  thermometer  very  seldom 


gets  below  20  degrees  above  zero,  and  the  summer 
months  are  liberally  supplied  with  rains.  The 
monthly  average  rainfall  for  July  and  August  during 
the  past  thirty-three  years  being  almost  six  inches 
jer  month,  and,  as  a  result  our  pastures  and  meadows 
are  about  as  gTeen  in  July  and  August  as  in  April, 
^[ay  and  Juoe. 

The  one  lone  Jersey  cow,  shown  in  the  accom- 
panying cut,  seems  to  have  a  government  contract 
under  her  feet  to  keep  down  the  volunteer  groAvth 
of  white  and  red  clover  on  a  ten  acre  patch  of  land, 
which,  only  a  year  ago,  was  in  potatoes. 

In  March,  1902,  potatoes  were  planted  where  the 
cow  now  stands.  In  -June  and  early  July,  1902,  the 
potatoes  were  dug  and  the  surface  smoothed  down  a 
little  with  the  harrow.  At  once  the  crabgrass  took 
full  possession  of  the  potato  patch,  and  in  October, 
1902,  one  and  one-half  tons  of  crabgi-ass  to  the  acre 
wn?  cut  and  stacked  for  consumption  on  the  farm. 

In  the  mean  time  the  owner  having  sold  his  farm 
to  a  syndicate  to  be  cut  up  into  little  five  acre  garden 
farms,  did  not  touch  this  plat,  and  when  we  took  our 
pl'otograph,  about  the  middle  of  May,  1903,  the 
(l.i\cr  covered  the  ground  almost  completely — a  vol- 
unteer crop.  This  shows  how  rapidly  the  clover 
i-oiiies  in  and  occupies  the  land  where  it  is  given  a 
I'hance  and  where  the  soil  is  in  fair  condition. 

This  old  Jersey,  np  to  her  eyes  in  clover,  is  the 


498 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLANTER. 


[August 


onlj  cloven-hoofed  animal  on  a  500-acre  farm,  ex- 
(.■e])ting,  perhaps,  a  venerable  old  "Billv  goat." 

All  a  man  has  to  do  here  is  to  keep  some  stock 
i-n  the  farm  and  let  the  clover  seed  get  into  the 
iiiannre  heap  and  get  scattered  over  the  farm,  and 
it  will  come  up  here,  there  and  everywhere,  often 
getting  where  it  is  not  wanted,  as  our  truckers  class 
clover  as  a  "weed."  So  it  is  often  a  weed,  as  the 
definition  of  a  weed  is  a  "plant  out  of  place." 

Our  people  do  not  like  clover  in  the  potatoes  or 
corn  or  in  the  berry  fields.  They  root  it  up  and  dig 
lit  up  yhcn  it  gets  in  the  way,  and  do  not  seem  to 
i;nderstand  that,  properly  cared  for,  and  encouraged, 
and  permitted  to  grow  it  would  soon  lift  the  mortgage 
cir  every  farm  in  Eastern  Virginia. 

1  long  to  see  the  day  when  we  shall  see  clover 
fields  and  herds  of  Jersey  cows  on  every  farm  in 
Virginia,  It  ^\'as  a  beautiful  view,  this  May  morn- 
ing, ti.  see  this  fine  Jersey  cow  in  the  clover  field. 
The  ;\in  shining  warm  and  genial,  the  bees  indus- 
triously at  work  at  the  clover  blossoms,  a  light  haze 
Letween  us  and  the  distant  woodland,  the  song  of 
birds,  the  shouts  and  laughing  of  the  berry  pickers  in 
the  adjoining  fields,  making  a  combination  of  sights 
and  s-ounds  vory  jile.iBant  to  the  senses. 

When  Virginia  is  once  properly  settled  and  farmed 
it  will  lead  the  entire  country.  We  should  grow 
cl  'V(M'— plenty  of  it — red,  white,  mammotli  and  crim- 
£on. 

'J'here  should  be  a  herd  of  cows  and  clover  fields 
on  every  farm.  Why  not  ?  Nature  encourages  and 
permits,  and  the  markets  demand. 

Whj  not  raise  the  clover  and  the  cows  ? 

Norfolk;  Va.  A.  Jeffers. 


CHEAT  OR  CHESS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

I  noticed  in  the  July  Pla.ntki:  the  question  asked 
if  oats  will  turn  to  cheat.  This  question  was  dis- 
cussed for  years  by  my  father  and  myself,  my 
father  contending  that  cheat  was  a  grain  of  itself  and 
was  not  a  degenerated  grain,  whilst  I  maintained 
a  contrary  opinion.  I  thought  I  brought  ample  proof 
to  sustain  my  views,  but  could  not  convince  him. 
After  his  death  I  saw  a  case  that  I  think  would  have 
coniix'lled  him  to  give  up  his  view.  The  case  was 
this: 

Mr.  William  lirt'ckman,  a  neighbor  of  mine  in 
I.ouisa  county,  had  been  sowing  winter  oats  for  a 
number  of  years.  They  became  so  filthy  with  cheat 
and  cockle  he  concluded  he  would  sow  them  in  the 


spring  so  as  to  cleanse  them.  He  sowed  in  the  spring 
two  years  and  got  them  perfectly  clean  of  all  cheat 
and  cockle.  He  then  sowed  them  in  the  fall.  (I  saw 
them  e\ery  few  days  from  the  time  they  were  seeded 
until  cut.)  They  stood  the  winter  well.  When  they 
began  to  head  I  noticed  that  the  first  heads  were  all 
cheat.  I  thought  that  it  was  owing  to  some  cheat 
that  was  in  the  land  and  being  a  volunteer  crop 
was  earlier  than  the  oats  and  that  later  the  oats 
would  head,  but  to  my  surprise  the  whole  crop  was 
cheat.  T  do  not  think  I  would  put  it  too  strong  to 
say  there  was  not  a  head  of  oats  to  a  thousand  of 
cheat.  Mr.  Broekman  cut  the  crop  for  hay,  and 
i"  was  as  fine  a  crop  as  you  generally  see.  The 
crop  that  came  up  after  the  cheat  was  cut  was  oats. 

These  facts  can  be  proven  by  as  good  and  honest 
farmers  as  you  will  find  in  this  section.  This  has 
]n-oven  to  me  what  I  have  always  known,  that  cheat 
is  a  degenerated  grain,  not  only  of  oats,  but  of  wheat 
:is  M-ell. 

Now,  ilr.  Editor.  I  do  not  write  this  to  try  and 
change  your  views  in  the  matter,  biit  if  there  is  any 
one  who  doubts  this  let  him  sow  winter  oats  twice  in 
the  spring  then  sow  them  in  the  fall  and  he  will  see, 
to  his  sorrow,  the  truthfulness  of  my  statement. 

Orange  county,  Va.  J.  II.  Ei.i.is. 

In  this  issue  will  be  found  some  further  remarks 
bv  us  on  this  subject  in  replv  to  a  communication. — 
Ed. 


THE  INADEQUACY  OF  THE  PREVAILING  METHOD 
OF  APPLYING  FERTILIZERS  THROUGHOUT 
THE  COTTON  STATES. 

Kditor  Southern.  Planter: 

Over  and  over  again  I  have  been  confronted  with 
the  question,  Do  fertilizers  impoverish  land  ?  and 
just  as  often  as  T  am  asked  the  question,  just  that 
often  I  answer  it  both  in  the  affirmative  and  in  the 
negative. 

Fertilizers  apjilied  in  an  improper  manner  are 
liable  to  impoverish  even  the  very  richest  of  soils. 

T  have  repeatedly  stated  the  fact  heretofore  that 
the  chemical  fertilizers — nitrogen,  phosphoric  acid 
and  potash — put  in  the  very  best  work  of  which  they 
are  capable  in  correcting  known  deficiencies  in  the 
^oil. 

■2.  Tm   bringing  nbout   an   increased  yield  of  a 
cash  or  sale  crop,  let  the  crop  be  what  it  may. 

:].  To  fertilize  the  crop  that  is  to  be  used  strictly 
for  recuperative  fertilizing  purposes. 

T  know  very  well  that  it  is  popular  just  at  this 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERJSr  PLANTER. 


499 


present  time  to  transpose  this  arrangement  of  mine 
and  place  the  last-named  use  of  the  chemical  ferti- 
lizers first,  in  front  and  on  top  all  the  time. 
.  Xow.  I  have  no  kick  to  make  ahout  which  method 
of  use  of  these  all  important  agents  is  of  the  greatest 
importance  to  any  individual  farmer.  The  point  I 
■\vi?h  to  make  and  emphasize  is  that  the  prevailing 
nii'thod  of  using  fertilizers,  as  invariably  used 
throughout  the  entire  South  by  the  average  user  of 
fertilizers,  is  utterly  and  entirely  inadequate  to  sub- 
serve either  one  of  the  above  named  three  uses. 

T  refer  to  the  customary,  reprehensible,  yet,  un- 
fortunately, widespread  habit,  that  has  somehow  or 
otlier  gained  hold,  of  applying  200  pounds  of  a  low- 
grade  fertilizer  per  acre,  said  low-grade  fertilizer 
analyzing  about  S-2-2. 

These  8-2-2  goods  are  not  adapted  to  the  ueeds  of  a 
cotton  crop  on  any  soil :  not  adapted  to  a  corn  crop 
on  any  soil :  not  adapted  to  a  vegetable  crop  on  any 
soil :  not  ada))ted  to  even  a  cow  pea  or  clover  crop, 
nor  any  other  leguminous  or  renovating  crop  of  any 
Iriud.  T  fancy  T  hear  one  say.  If  this  is  the  case,  why 
is  fu'^h  a  fertilizer  manufactured  *  To  this  I  would 
an'^wer :  In  order  to  cater  to  the  popular  demand  for 
a  '"fancied"  cheap  fertilizer.  Even  if  the  fertilizer 
was  the  fertilizer  par  excellence  for  the  crops  (cot- 
ton or  corn)  for  which  it  is  put  up  and  sold,  which 
it  is  not,  200  pounds  of  it  applied  per  acre  is  utterly 
and  entirely  inadequate  to  either  fiirnish  said  crops 
of  cotton  and  corn  with  a  sufficiency  of  plant  food 
to  ensure  even  good,  much  less  best,  results,  and  also 
utterly  and  entirely  inadequate  to  even  maintain, 
much  less  increase,  the  fertility  of  the  soil.  This 
l>rings  me  again  to  the  question,  Do  fertilizers  im- 
poverish land  '.  To  this  query  I  would  answer :  It 
is  not  that  which  is  applied  to  the  soil  that  impover- 
ishes soil,  but  that  which  is  withlield  from  it.  The 
fertility  iif  millions  of  acres  has  become  exhausted 
Xorth,  East  and  West,  as  well  as  in  the  South.  Was 
it  the  application  of  chemical  fertilizers  that  caused 
their  exhaustion  '  Not  at  all,  for  not  an  ounce  of 
fevtiiizer  of  any  kind  was  ever  applied  to  them  at 
any  time.  What,  then,  is  the  cause  of  their  exhaus- 
tion \  It  was  caused  by  the  annual  taking  off  of 
everything  possible  from  the  soil  and  never  putting 
anything  back.  Not  satisfied  with  the  destruction 
of  fertility  brought  about  by  this  system  of  wholesale 
spoliation,  for  the  accommadation  of  a  Mustang  pony, 
as  well  as  for  the  ease  of  the  soil  tiller,  the  residue, 
after  both  man  and  animals  have  gotten  off  all  they 
possibly  could  utilize,  is  set  fire  to  and  burned. 

Manv  tons  of  fertilizer  are  anmiallv  sold  of  even 


a  lower  grade  than  the  8-2-2  goods,  analj'zing  8-lJ-l. 
It  is  needless  to  state  that  either  of  these  are  entirely 
too  low  a  grade  to  either  be  sold,  bought  or  used.  It 
is  through  a  very  costly  ignorance  that  farmers  can 
1)6  prevailed  on  to  use  them  at  all.  This  deplorable 
ignorance  aimually  costs  the  farmers  more  than  suffi- 
cient to  obtain  a  thorough,  practical  education  along 
this  line  that  would  be  ample  to  prevent  his  being 
imposed  upon  by  dealers  who  often  are  as  ignorant 
as  the  farmer  himself  of  the  general  principles  that 
underlie  the  truly  scientific  (hence  intelligent,  judic- 
ious, rational  and  profitable)  system  of  fertilization. 
The  manufacturers  make  money  on  them,  pandering 
to  the  popular  demand  for  something  cheap.  The 
dealers  are  going  to  so  handle  them  to  make  money 
on  them  anyhow,  while  the  plants  starve  on  any  such 
an  insufficient,  innutritions  diet;  the  lands  are  con- 
tinually growing  poorer  under  their  use,  and  the 
poor,  deluded  farmer  has  to  bear  all  the  losses,  while, 
unfortunately,  the  blame  for  this  condition  of  things 
lies  with  himself  exclusively.  Through  his  own  neg- 
ligence he  is  forced  to  furnish  the  feathers  for  the 
other  fellows  to  fea1:her  their  nests  with.  A  little 
study  on  the  part  of  the  soil  tiller  would  so  change 
the  face  of  things  os  to  make  the  fertilization  of  the 
various  cultivated  crops  a  never  ending  source  of 
satisfaction,  profit  and  delight. 

"A  thing  of  beauty  is  a  joy  forever."  A  judicious 
svstem  of  fertilization  would  undoubtedly  make  the 
"thing  of  beauty"  just  as  surely  as  liberal  and  judic- 
ious feed  and  intelligent  care  and  painstaking  will 
make  a  beautiful  cow,  horse,  ox  or  hog.  A  yield  per 
acre  of  5  bales  of  cotton ;  100  or  \ipward  bushels  of 
corn;  150  bu.shels  of  oats;  60  bushels  of  wheat;  6 
tons  of  hay ;  700  bushels  of  potatoes,  etc.,  etc.,  have 
often  been,  and  could  still  oftener  be,  obtained  by 
judicious  (which  means  economical)  fertilization.  It 
is  false  economy  to  buy  low-grade  goods  at  any  price. 
There  is  no  true  economy  in  it.  The  best  of  anything 
and  everything  is  none  too  good,  and  the  best  is  al- 
ways the  cheapest  in  the  end,  regardless  of  price. 

By  applying  200  poimds  of  low-grade  8-2-2 
goods  per  acre  one  applies  but  16  pounds  phosphoric 
acid,  4  pounds  ammonia  and  4  pounds  of  potash  per 
aci-e.  Now,  if  any  of  my  farming  brethren  will 
show  a  single  cultivated  crop  that  will  abstract  this 
amount  from  the  soil  and  no  more  and  still  make  a 
profitable  crop ;  or,  if  any  one,  let  him  be  whom  he 
may,  can  show  that  this  compound  or  combination  is 
adapted  to  cotton  or  corn,  or  any  other  crop  for 
which  it  may  be  recommended  and  so  adapted,  that 
"hest,"  or  even  "good,"  results  may  be  reasonably 


500 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[August 


expected  therefrom.  T  will  agree  to  give  that  party 
my  head  for  a  foot-hall,  or  to  be  branded  for  an  igno- 
ramus to  the  end  of  my  days,  or  to  he  dumped  off 
into  the  nearest  creek  with  a  rock  around  mv  neck 
and  say  "here  goes  nobody."  A  fertilizer  analyzing 
S-.j-o  or  10-.3-4  and  from  500  to  1,-200  pounds  ap- 
plied per  acre  will,  when  coupled  with  deep  prepara- 
tion and  thorough  culture,  ensure  best — i.  e..  most 
protitable — results.  This  being  the  case,  this  latter 
seemingly  very  liberal  application  is.  in  fact,  the 
most  economical  application  that  can  be  made,  for 
the  reason  that  it  gives  the  greatest  profit  or  largest 
cash  returns. 

An  applicatimi  of  less  than  600  pounds  per  acre 
of  even  as  high  grade  as  above,  tends  to  impoverish, 
instead  of  enriching,  the  soil,  as  in  this  case  the  fer- 
tilizer acts  somewhat  as  a  stimulant  and  causes  the 
plant  to  withdraw  from  the  soil  more  plant  food  than 
the  applied  fertilizer  furnishes. 

To  this  extent,  and  to  this  extent  only,  do  the 
chemical  or  commercial  fertilizers  actually  impover- 
ish soils,  "^^essrs.  Lawes  and  Gilbert,  of  Rotham- 
stead,  England,  after  upward  of  a  half  century's  ex- 
perience in  their  use.  summarize  results  by  stating 
that:  1.  ''Complete  fertilizers  are  not  exhaustive, 
and  land  '•an  be  kept  permanently  fertile  by  their 
use.  -2.  Heavy  applications  of  fertilizers  are  the 
most  profitable."  This  is  also  the  experience  of  all 
those  who  have  used  them  extensively  in  this  country. 

Burgess.  .V/.s-.s.  G.  Ji.  Tuknee.  ' 


.").  If  it  would  be  advisable  to  sow  land  in  cow 
peas  before  seeding  it  with  alfalfa  ? 

(5.  What  soil  is  adapted  to  the  growth  of  Dwarf 
Essex  rape  for  fall,  winter  and  spring  grazing  for 
hogs  ? 

7.  How  should  the  land  be  prepared  for  same? 

Amelia  county,  Va.  G.  C.  A. 

In  our  articles  in  June,  July  and  this  issue  we 
iiavc,  we  think,  fully  covered  all  the  questions  asked 
by  our  correspondent  as  to  alfalfa.  We  refer  him 
to  these. 

In  this  issue  we  give  advice  as  to  sowing  Dwarf 
Ess^ex  rape.  A  fertile  loam  soil  is  the  best  for  this 
crop,  though  it  will  often  do  well  on  heavier  land  if 
well  prepared  and  in  good  fertility.  Any  soil  that 
will  grow  turnips  or  cabbages  will  grow  rape. — Ed. 


ENQUIRERS'  COLUMN. 


En(iuirie.s  shoul.i  be  sent  to  the  otlit-e  of  The  Southern  Plan- 
ter, Richmond,  Va  ,  not  hiter  than  the  15th  of  the  month  for 
repHes  to  appear  iu  the  next  month's  issue. 


Alfalfa. 

Having  read  a  great  deal  about  alfalfa  in  the 
Pt.a.vter,  I  have  become  interested  enough  to  try  it, 
especially  for  grazing  for  hogs  in  spring  and  early 
summer.  Would  like  to  have  answers  to  the  follow- 
ing questions  in  your  next  issue : 

1.  On  what  kind  of  soil  will  it  grow,  and  if  it  will 
grow  on  comparatively  poor  land  well  manured  and 
fertilized  ? 

2.  What  kind  of  commercial  fertillizer  should  be 
used  in  connection  with  stable  manure  ? 

.'?.  Where  could  the  bacteria-infected  --oil  be  got- 
ten :  how  applied  and  how  much  per  acre? 

4.  How  should  the  land  be  ordered  and  what  time 
slii.iild  the  alfalfa  be  sown? 


Cattle  With  Sore  Eyes. 

T  liave  noticed  .several  of  my  cattle  with  sore  eyes, 
and  a  great  deal  of  water  runs  from  the  eye,  and  it 
looks  as  though  it  was  blind.  The  cattle  have  good 
pasture  and  there  are  some  woods  they  car.  go  to.  Is 
it  probable  that  some  poisonous  weed  has  gotten  into 
the  eye  ?  Will  you  kindly  let  me  know  what  to  do 
and  if  it  is  a  disease  is  it  a  dangerous  one  ? 

Warren  county, V a.  E.  C.  Gatewood. 

This  looks  very  like  a  case  of  specific  ophthalmia. 
This  generally  appears  in  an  enzootic  form  and 
a.'Tocts  a  number  of  the  cattle  at  the  same  time.  It  is 
characterized  by  a  muco-purulent  discharge  of  the 
e;.es,  an  intense  degree  of  inflammation,  swelling  of 
vlic  eyelids  and  opacity  of  the  cornea,  making  the 
a.uhnals  appear  blind.  There  is  a  constant  flow  of 
tears,  sometimes  streaked  with  blood.  The  un- 
affected animals  should  be  at  once  removed  to  another 
location  possessing  a  different  character  of  soil,  feed 
and  water.  Those  affected  should  be  housed  in  a 
cool,  dark  stable  and  be  supplied  with  plenty  of 
fresh  water  to  drink  and  be  fed  on  soft,  succulent 
feed.  Give  a  dose  of  one  pound  of  Epsom  salts  to 
each  sick  animal  in  two  or  three  pints  of  water.  Give 
tincture  of  veratrum  veride  every  two  hours  in 
thirty  drop  doses  and  half  an  ounce  of  saltpeter  three 
times  a  day.  For  an  eye  wash  use  boracic  acid,  one 
drachm,  and  pour  four  ounces  of  boiling  water  over 
it.  Use  this  frequently,  applying  it  directly  to  the 
eve. — Ed. 


Cement  for  Walls. 

In  the  June  issue  a  reference  was  made  to  cement 
walls  for  an  ice-house.  How  M-ould  same  do  for  a 
liouse  cellar  wall  and  for  well  curbing  in  place  of 
brick  ?     If  good,  please  state  what  thickness  of  wall 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


501 


would  be  best  ?  What  proportion  of  cement  and  sand 
wonid  give  best  results.  Could  ordinary  field-  stones 
be  used  as  a  filler  ? 

Please  suggest  a  way  of  building  same. 

S potsylvania  comity^  Va.  Concrete. 

See  reply  to  Subscriber  as  to  concrete  building  in 
this  issue.  The  concrete  will  make  a  good  wall. 
3fakt'  the  wall  nine  inches  thick. — Ed. 


Concrete  Buildings. 

Can  vfiu  oblige  me  by  giving  some  information 
through  your  Inquirer's  Column  concerning  the  con- 
struction of  farm  buildings  out  of  a  mixture  of  air- 
slacked  lime,  sand,  gravel  and  stones  ? 

T  understand  that  most  masons  use  unglackied 
lime,  but  I  have  heard  that  air-slacked  lime  has  been 
used  in  some  cases. 

('an  you  tell  me  what  proportion  of  lime  should  be 
used  and  just  how  the  mixture  should  be  prepared  to 
put  in  the  wall  so  that  it  will  not  crumble  ?  Can 
such  a  wall  be  built  so  that  it  will  not  be  damp  on 
the  inside  ?  Will  slate  stone  put  into  the  wall  pre- 
\-ent  moisture  from  going  through? 

Any  information  on  these  subjects  will  be  very 
gratefully  received  by  Suesceibee. 

Spotsylvania  county,  Va. 

Buildings  for  all  farm  purposes,  and  even  for  dwel- 
lings, can  be  erected  with  concrete.  They  are  prac- 
tically indestructible  and  are  damp  proof.  They  are 
laygely  biiilt  in  some  parts  of  the  North  and  in  Can- 
ada. Neither  air-slacked  nor  water-slacked  lime  can, 
ho'vever,  be  used  for  this  purpose.  Tlie  material 
used  to  bind  the  sand  and  stone  together  must  be 
cement.  The  buildings  are  erected  by  mixing  the 
slone.  sand  and  cement  into  a  mortar  .and  pouring 
this  into  wooden  moiilds.  These  moulds  are  fixed 
on  the  site  of  the  building  and  when  filled  are  allowed 
TO  stand  until  the  concrete  has  set  and  are  then 
raised  and  again  filled  until  the  height  of  the  wall 
iias  been  built.  The  proportions  for  good  concrete 
aix.  for  one  cubic  yard :  Crushed  rock,  27  cubic  feet ; 
gravel,  13  cubic  feet;  coarse  sand,  6  cubic  feet; 
cement,  3  cubic  feet. — Ed. 


Alfalfa. 

Would  you  advise  sowing  alfalfa  clover  in  the 
fall,  and  at  what  time  for  this  section  ?  Can  you 
inform  me  where  infected  soil  may  be  obtained  ? 
What  fertilizer  would  you  advise  for  alfalfa  on  land 
where  red  clover  sod  has  been  turned  under  ? 

Albemarle  county.  Va.  H.  R.  Boswell. 

See  our  reply  to  G.  C.  A.  in  this  issue.  In  all 
sections  where  it  is  safe  to  sow  red  clover  in  the  fall 


alfalfa  may  be  there  sown  at  that  time  and  this  would 
cover  your  section.  Sow  as  soon  as  you  can  get  the 
land  ready  so  that  good  root-hold  will  be  obtained 
before  winter  sets  in.  Use  acid  phosphate  on  the 
clover  sod,  300  to  500  pounds  to  the  acre.  In  the 
mountain  sections  of  the  western  part  of  this  State  it 
will  be  better  to  sow  in  the  spring,  as  the  winters  are 
often  severe  enough  to  kill  out  any  of  the  clovers. — 
Ed. 


Seeding  Winter  Oats. 

Can  you  advise  sowing  winter  oats  on  corn  land 
well  prepared  as  for  wheat,  or  would  it  be  too  late 
for  oats  ?  We  cannot  be  ready  before  the  last  week 
in  September.  C.  A.  S. 

Culpeper  county,  Va. 

If  the  oats  can  be  gotten  in  in  September  they  may 
be  sown  with  a  good  prospect  of  success. — Ed. 


Plant  for  Name. 

I  enclose  specimen  root  and  flowering  branch  of  a 
plant  which  seems  to  propagate  itself  freely  in  this 
section.  It  is  relished  by  stock,  both  in  the  green  and 
cured  states.  An  identification  will  be  greatly  ap- 
preciated. Suesceibee. 

Loxvdnes  county.  Miss. 

The  plant  from  Columbus,  Miss.,  sent  for  identifi- 
cation, is  Prairie  Mimosa — acuan  illincensis. 

This  plant  is  native  from  South  Dakota  to  Florida 
and  Texas.  It  is  more  abundant  in  the  southern  part 
of  its  range.  It  belongs  to  the  mimosa  family,  but  is 
not  a  true  mimosa.  So  far  as  I  can  learn  it  has  not 
heretofore  been  regarded  as  a  forage  plant  of  any 
particular  value,  but  if  stock  eat  it  with  relish,  and 
without  any  ill  effects,  as  stated,  it  is  doubtless  of 
some  value  as  a  pasture  plant. 

Lystee  H.  Dewey, 
Botanist  in  Charge  of  Fiber  Plants. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 


Plant  for  Name. 

The  enclosed  plant  is  springing  up  after  wheat  in 
Franklin  county  thick  and  flourishing.  Can  you  tell 
me  what  it  is  and  if  of  any  value  as  a  fertilizer? 
Stock  will  not  eat  it.  W.  H.  Woekman. 

Boanohe  county,  Va. 

The  plant  sent  for  identification  is  Bracted  Plan- 
tain— Plantago  aristata. 

Lystee  H.  Dewey, 
Botanist  in  Charge  of  Fiber  Plants. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Bracted  plantain  is  a  troublesome  weed  a  native 


502 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLANTER. 


[August 


of  the  Mississippi  Valley.  It  is  an  annual  and  pro- 
pogates  from  seeds,  of  which  it  produces  a  great  num- 
ber. It  has  prohablj  been  introduced  in  the  East 
and  South  largely  in  clover  seed.  The  only  way  to 
get  rid  of  it  is  to  put  the  land  into  a  hoed  crop. 
If  not  checked  it  is  likely  to  become  as  troublesome 
as  rib  grass.  It  is  of  no  value  either  as  a  feed  or  a 
fertilizer. — Ed. 


Grass  for  Name. 

I  enclose  a  head  of  grass  that  came  up  in  my  oats, 
Will  vou  please  give  its  name  and  its  value  as  hay  ? 

Isle  of  Wiqhf  Co.,  Ta.         Thomas  B.  Wright. 

The  grass  is  chess  (Bromus  Secalinits).  It  is  of 
small  value  as  a  hay  grass. — En. 


Improving  Land  for  Corn. 

We  have  about  seven  acres  of  land  of  a  light  sandy 
soil  with  a  yellow  clay  foundation  in  peanuts  this 
year.  This  land,  when  planted  in  cotton,  will  pro- 
duce about  1,000  pounds  to  the  acre.  After  the  pea- 
nuts are  dug  we  want  to  put  the  land  in  something 
that  \vill  improve  it  for  com  next  spring.  Please 
tell  us  what  to  get  and  how  much?  What  kind  of 
fertilizers  and  how  much  ?  Please  give  us  all  the  in- 
formation you  can,  as  we  want  to  try  to  make  a  suc- 
cess the  first  vear.  Henky  &  Mobbis. 

Bertie  Co.,  N.  C. 

As  soon  as  the  Peanuts  are  dug  apply  25  bushels  of 
lime  to  the  acre  and  harrow  in.  Then  in  a  week  or 
ten  days  apply  broadcast  .')00  pounds  to  the  acre  of 
acid  phosphate,  and  50  pounds  of  muriate  of  potash, 
and  sow  a  mixture  of  10  pounds  of  Crimson  clover, 
15  pounds  of  sand  vetch  and  half  a  bushel  of  wheat 
and  oats  mixed.  This  should  make  a  good  green 
fallow  to  plow  down  for  the  com  in  .\pril. — Ed. 


Cramp  in  Horses. 

In  our  last  issue,  in  the  reply  to  the  enquiry  of  ^Ir 
H.  Jackson,  on  page  443.  there  occurs  an  unfortunate 
printer's  error,  which  we  desire  to  correct  as  early  as 
possible.  We  wrote  that  a  proper  remedy  to  use  was 
chloral  hydrate  one  ounce  in  a  half  pint  of  water 
The  printer  makes  us  say  ten  ounces.  One  ounce  is 
the  proper  dose.  This  is  apparent  later  in  the  reply 
where  the  remedy  is  again  mentioned  for  another  I  fat  eating  them 
form  of  cramp. 


replies  from  the  absence  of  personal  knowledge  on  the 
subject.  We  have  now  secured  a  correspondent,  who 
will  give  information  on  these  and  other  household 
questions.  The  first  article  will  be  found  in  this 
issue  in  the  Publishers'  Department,  in  colvmins 
alongside  the  advertisements.  The  Department  of 
Agriculture,  Washington,  has  just  issued  a  Farmers' 
Bulletin,  Xo.  175,  giving  information  as  to  grape 
juice,  etc.  This  can  bo  had  on  application  to  the 
Department. — Ed. 


Fertilizer  for  Clover. 

Five  years  ago  I  moved  to  a  womout  farm.  Since 
that  time  I  have  improved  it  very  much  by  sowing 
cow  peas  and  hauling  woods  mould,  but  have  never 
made  much  success  with  clover,  especially  red  clover. 
It  starts  off  nicely,  but  turns  yellow  in  early  spring 
and  does  not  grow  much  more.  Will  you  kindly  ad- 
vise me  what  fertilizer  to  iise  to  remedy  this,  for 
it  seem  deficient  in  something?  In  giving  me  your 
opinion  of  a  fertilizer  please  give  me  the  analysis 
also.    I  shall  sow  clover  iu  August  in  com. 

Accoviac  county,  Ta.  W.  S.  Nelsox. 

We  are  of  opinion  that  if  you  would  give  your  land 
an  application  of  lime — say  at  the  rate  of  25  to  50 
bushels  to  the  acre — that  you  would  secure  a  good 
stand  of  clover.  This  should  be  repeated — say,  every 
five  years.  The  lime  is  best  applied  iu  the  fall 
and  winter,  after  the  land  has  been  plowed.  Spread 
broadcast  and  harrow  in  lightly.  As  you  propose  to 
sow  clover  in  the  corn,  and  it  will  not  be  practicable 
to  spread  the  lime  in  the  corn,  we  would  give  the 
application  on  the  clover  in  the  early  spring. — Ed. 


Home  Made  Pickles,  Wine,  Grape  Juice. 

We  have  had  several  enquiries  recently  as  to  mak- 
ing these,  and  have  not  been  able  to  give  satisfactory 


Rotation  of  Crops  for  Hogs. 

Vour  valuable  journal  has,  I  think,  been  worth 
much  to  me,  and  I  come  for  some  more  information, 
though  you  have  detailed  it  time  aud  again,  but  I 
haven't  time  to  look  the  particular  Planter  up,  so  a 
repetition  will  perhaps  help  some  other  poiir  fellow. 
It  is  this.  T  have  a  lot  of  some  15  or  IG  acres,  at 
present  divided  in  half,  and  I  wish  to  divide  the  two 
halves,  making  four  lots  out  of  the  whole,  as  suggest- 
ed by  the  Planter  some  time  ago,  and  keep  this  in 
something  for  my  hogs.  Last  year  I  had  seven  acres 
of  this  land,  in  peas  and  soy  beans,  and  my  hogs  got 
This  year  I  have  eleven  acres  of 
the  same  land  in  peas.  I  sowed  sov  beans,  but  they 
failed  to  come  up,  so  I  sowed  in  peas.  Xow,  what  \ 
wish  to  know  is  this.  What  crop  must  I  put  in  each 
of  these  lots  for  first,  second,  third  and  fourth,  so  a? 
to  have  something  for  the  hogs  all  the  time  as  near 
as  possible.     I  know  that  German  clover  is  an  early 


1003.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


503 


crop,  but  it  is  said  to  be  tincertain  in  getting  a  stand. 
If  you  suggest  that,  could  you  suggest  something  to 
be  so^^^l  with  it,  so  that  in  case  of  failure  in  clover,  I 
would  have  the  other  I  Would  it  pay  to  put  one 
or  two  of  the  lots  that  are  now  in  peas  (after  the 
hogs  eat  the  peas)  in  oats,  and  when  they  begin  to 
turn  in  June  next,  ttim  the  hogs  in  on  them,  then 
follow  in  peas  again.  Information  on  this  line  will 
be  generallv  helpful  no  doubt. 

X.  E.  Katts. 
As  soon  as  the  peas  are  off  seed  one  of  the  lots  in 
crimson  clover,  wheat,  oats,  rape  and  turnips.  In 
this  issue  in  the  article,  Work  for  the  Month,  will  be 
found  the  proportion  of  seed  to  use.  Seed  another 
lot  a  little  later  with  Hairy  Vetch,  wheat  and 
oats.  In  December  or  .January  seed  another  lot  with 
Canada  peas  and  oats,  two  bushels  of  peas  and  one 
bushel  of  oats  to  the  acre.  As  these  different  crops 
are  consumed  seed  the  lots  in  order  in  cow  peas,  sor- 
ghimi,  soy  beans  and  corn,  to  follow  for  eating  in 
summer  and  fall.  Plant  part  of  one  lot  iu  artichokes 
in  April  to  make  winter  feed. — Ed. 


Johnson  Grass. 

•  an  you  tell  me  in  your  August  number  anything 
alKiut  the  seeding  of  .Johnson  grass  i  Can  it  be  sown 
in  the  fall  with  a  reasonable  prospect  of  getting  a 
stand  ?  If  so,  about  what  time  and  with  what  kind 
of  preparation  ?  .J.  O.  Baeksdale. 

.Johnon  gi-ass  may  be  sown  in  either  fall  or  spring, 
l>nt  if  sown  in  the  fall  it  must  be  got  in  early — 
enough  to  get  good  root  hold  before  severe  frost.  Pre- 
pare the  land  as  for  other  grass  seeding  and  sow  one 
and  one-half  bushels  of  seed  per  acre,  so  as  to  secure 
a  thick  stand,  and"  thus  a  finer  srrowth  of  stalk. — Ed 


Peach  Trees  Dying. 

You  will  find  a  samjjle  of  small  black  beetle  which 
is  very  abundant  upon  one  of  my  p^ach  trees.  The 
tree  is,  and  has  been,  loosing  a  branch  here  and  there 
for  the  past  three  months;  the  bark  looks  dry  and 
fly  specked.  This  is  the  third  tree  I  have  had  affected 
in  this  way  in  three  years.  Both  the  others  died 
after  a  few  months.  Can  you  tell  what  is  the  trouble 
and  advise  a  remedy  through  the  columns  of  the 
Pla>;tkr.  Pkrcival  Hicks. 

Mathews  county,  Va. 

We  referred  the  foreging  to  Professor  Galloway. 
The  following  is  the  reply  received. — Ed. 

Your  letter  of  the  1.5th  instant  addressed  to  Prof. 
Galloway,  of  this  department,  duly  received  and  re- 
ferred to  this  office  for  attention,  inasmuch  as  the 
samples  submitted  show  insect  injury,  and  therefore 
do  not  fall  within  the  province  of  his  bureau. 


The  insect  sent,  on  examinatiin,  proves  to  be  one 
of  the  smaller  species  of  lady  birds,  Pent  ilia  misella 
Lee,  which  is  one  of  oiir  most  efficient  natural  ene- 
mies of  the  San  Jose  scale.  The  fact  that  your  sub- 
scriber has  callected  these  specimens  on  his  trees,  to- 
gether with  the  report  of  damage  to  the  trees,  would 
seem  to  indicate  the  presence  of  the  scale  insect  men- 
tioned. To  confirm  this  belief,  it  will  only  be  neces- 
sary for  you  to  send  to  me  a  few  branches  of  these 
infested  trees  showing  the  injury  noted.  The  reme- 
dies for  the  San  Jose  scale  are  detailed  in  two  circu- 
lars of  this  office,  copies  of  which  T  enclose. 

L.  O.  Howard,  Entomologist. 

Department  ofAgricvltiire,  Washington,  D.  C. 


Alfalfa. 

.  I  am  very  much  interested  in  your  articles  on 
alfalfa  clover.  I  have  two  acres  I  want  to  seed  this 
summer  or  fall.  About  what  time  would  you  advise 
seeding  it  f     It  is  in  wheat  stubble  now. 

]\'orcesfer  county,  Md.  A.  C.  Hoi.t.owat?. 

Plow  at  once  and  harrow  and  encotirage  the  weeds 
to  grow.  Kill  these  by  reharrowing  as  fast  as  they 
germinate.  Then  in  the  first  half  of  September  sow 
the  alfalfa.  See  replies  and  articles  in  this  issiie  as 
to  alfalfa. — Ed. 

Cross-Breeding  Sheep. 

May  I  ask  if  a  cross  of  a  Dorset  ram  on  Shrop- 
shire ewes  is  desirable  ?  A  Xew  Subscriber. 

Bedford  county    Ya. 

We  do  not  think  the  cross  would  be  a  desirable  one. 
The  Dorset  is  not  as  good  a  mutton  and  wool  sheep 
as  the  Shropshire,  whilst,  as  an  early  lamb  producer, 
it  is  not  much  better.  The  two  breeds  each  fill  a 
distinct  place  in  sheep  husbandry,  and  should  be  kept 
pure  to  fill  that  place,  or,  if  crossed  at  all.  should  be 
crossed  on  grade  Merinos,  whose  quality  as  lamb  pro- 
ducers and  mutton  and  wool  makers  they  can  and  will 
influence  favorably.  It  is  rarely  good  policy  or  profi- 
table to  cross  two  pure  breeds.  They  scarcely  ever 
"tnick"  well,  and  the  result  is  often  a  nondescript 
of  no  value. — Ed. 


Apple  Scab— Bitter  Rot  or  Brown  Rot. 

I  wish  to  trespass  upon  your  space  to  ask  our 
Blacksburg  friends,  so  well  versed  in  sporeology, 
if  sclerotinia  fructigena  is  the  English  Latin,  whilst 
deutriticum  fucicladium  is  the  American  Latin  for 
apple  scab  \ 

In  the  English  Field  I  notice  that  the  Board  of 


504 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTEK. 


[August 


Aiiriculture  gives  the  following  soluiiou:  Suljjhate 
of  iron,  25  pounds:  sulphuric  acid,  1  pint;  water, 
50  gallons,  to  be  used  as  a  spray  when  buds  are 
dormant,  as  an  application  against  what  reads  from 
its  description  as  being  ajiple  scab,  though  called  by 
the  Board  of  AgTiculture  brown  rot,  and  which  is 
possibly  the  same  as  our  bitter  rot.  The  description 
is :  "Brownish  scattered  patches  on  the  skin,  followed 
by  the  growth  of  dull-gray  tufts  arranged  in  irregu- 
lar concentric  rings.  The  fruit  attacked  does  not 
rot  or  decay,  but  becomes  muninified." 

Anything  tending  to  fight  the  terrible  scourge  of 
the  more  especially  beloved  winesap,  must  be  of 
interest  to  its  growers.  An  attack  of  scab  as  fruit  is 
setting  is  by  many  misconstrued  to  frost,  cold  wind, 
etc.,  instead  to  the  insidious  spore  destroying  its 
prey. 

Let  us  not  deceive  ourselves,  thinking  all  will  be 
well  another  season,  though  a  dry  one  may  bring  soma 
amelioration.  Either  the  grower  must  get  the  better 
of  his  enemy  or  hope  deferred  will  cause  regret  of  a 
tolerance  in  not  surplauting.  I  encountered  the 
owner  of  a  large  orchard  of  winesaps  not  long  ago 
who  accounted  for  the  barrenness  of  his  trees  by 
their  being  all  "he"  trees,  and  consequently  not  bear- 
ing ones.  If  a  microbe  has  a  sense  of  the  ludicrous 
how  it  must  have  been  amused.  W.  M. 

Albemarle  county ,  Va. 

Will  the  Mycologist  at  the  Experiment  Station 
kindly  note  and  reply.  The  inquiry  reached  us  too 
late  for  us  to  send  it  to  him  for  replv  in  this  issue. — 
Ee. 

Bermuda  Grass. 

(Jan  I  set  a  field  in  Bermuda  grass  and  seed  it  in 
wheat  at  the  same  time  and  get  a  stand  of  Bermuda 


grass 


O.  E.   Shook. 


Iredell  county,  N.  C. 

Whilst  we  have  had  no  experience  in  planting 
Bermuda  grass  and  wheat  together,  yet  we  do  not 
doubt  but  that  you  can  succeed  in  getting  a  stand  in 
this  way.  If  the  wheat  crop  is  thick  the  grass  will 
not  make  much  growth  until  the  wheat  is  cut,  as 
shading  heavily  is  one  of  the  best  methods  known  for 
destroying  Bermuda. — Ed. 


Spraying  Fruit  Trees. 

I  dare  say  it  is  quite  puerile  to  say  what  I  must 
in  this.  It  is  about  spraying  fruit  trees  with  the 
different  preparations  given  in  your  March  num- 
ber. I  know  nothing  of  the  orchard.  Have  never 
l^efore  had  the  care  of  one,  so  don't  know  when  nor 
liow  to  sj)ray  them.  ^Fy  apples  and  pears  are  doing 
moderately  well.  Pears  are  better  than  apples;  but 
peaches    and    plums  do  all     right   till   the    turning 


period.  'J'hen  they  rot,  shrivel  up.  The  orchard  is 
low  and  almost  sobby.  I  remember  my  father  used 
to  bore  into  the  body  of  his  trees  and  fill  the  hole 
with  sulphur  and  stop  it  up,  but  for  what  purpose 
I've  forgotten,  or  with  what  result.  I  dug  around 
a  few  of  my  trees  last  spring  and  put  lime  around 
some,  sulphur  around  others  and  sol.  carbolic  acid 
around  others — experimenting.  So  far  can  see  no 
difference.  I  am  in  the  country  forty-odd  miles  from 
a  market,  so  find  it  inconvenient  to  get  the  sprays 
as  per  your  journal.  I  keep  a  dispensary  on  hand^ — 
am  an  old  druggist.  Is  there  no  cheaper  method  of 
treating  my  sick  trees  and  no  way  more  convenient 
than  that  given  in  the  SorTTiERA'  Planter  ? 

Berkley  county,  S.  C.  James  Joynee. 

The  advice  given  in  our  March  issue  as  to  spraying- 
trees  is  founded  on  the  best  aiithorities  on  the  subject 
in  this  country.  No  other  means  are  known  for  the 
control  of  fungoid  and  insect  enemies  than  those 
given  in  the  spray  calendar.  You  might  as  well 
bore  holes  in  the  trees  and  fill  them  with  wine  in 
order  to  strengthen  them  as  fill  them  with  sulphur  or 
any  other  drug  to  cure  them.  The  trees  will  not 
nutilize  either  the  oue  or  the  other.  It  will  remain 
inert  in  the  holes. — Eo. 


Ice  House. 

1  wish  to  build  an  ice  house  convenient  to  mv 
dwelling,  but  cannot  build  in  the  ground  on  account 
of  water  rising.  I  can  go  down  about  five  or  six 
feet  in  the  ground  and  get  drainage,  and  what  I 
wish  to  do  is  to  have  the  house  six  feet  in  the  ground 
built  up  with  rock  and  cemented  and  six  or  seven 
feet  above  ground ;  double  wall  packed  with  saw- 
dust. Now,  what  I  wish  to  know  is  will  ice  keep 
next  to  rock  or  cement  ?  I  have  also  heard  that  ice 
will  not  keep  for  five  or  six  feet  below  the  earth's 
surface  on  account  of  the  heat  in  the  earth  to  that 
depth.  Is  this  true  ?  If  so,  of  course  all  above  would 
melt  and  the  house  would  be  a  failure.  Please  give 
me  the  above  information  in  your  August  number. 

A  Subscriber. 

Whilst  an  ice  house  built  below  ground,  with  either 
stone  or  cement,  will  keep  ice  if  the  walls  are  thick 
enough,  yet  the  best  modern  ice  houses  are  now  alto- 
gether built  above  ground  as  being  cheaper,  more  con- 
venient, and  equally  effective.  What  is  needed  is  a 
building  with  double  walls  a  foot  apart,  and  the  foot 
sjiace  tightly  packed  with  sawdust,  with  a  double  roof. 
There  must  also  be  good  drainage  provided,  and  the 
drain  should  be  trapped  by  having  a  bend  in  it  to 
hold  water  so  as  to  prevent  the  access  of  warm  air. 
Provide  for  good  ventillation  over  the  top  of  the  ice 
by  having  a  ventillator  in  each  end  of  the  roof.— Ed. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


505 


Trucking,  Garden  and  Orchard. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH. 

All  crops  of  fruit  aud  vegetables  should  be  care- 
fully gathered  as  they  mature  and  become  fit  for 
market  or  storage.  They  should  be  placed  under 
cover  and  out  of  the  sun  to  cool  off  before  being 
either  packed  for  shipment  or  piit  away  in  storage. 
Carefully  sort  and  cull  oiit  all  defective  specimens 
and  ship  or  store  only  the  perfect  ones.  If  the  de- 
fective culls  amount  in  quantity  to  more  than  can  be 
conveniently  used  at  home  ship  them  in  separate 
packages  and  mark  them  distinctly  as  culls  and  they 
will  not  then  prejudice  the  sale  of  the  best.  Mixed 
shipments  always  sell  for  the  price  of  the  poorest. 
As  far  as  possible  keep  the  defective  products  off 
the  markets  as  they  only  serve  to  glut  them  and  bring 
down  the  price  of  the  first  quality. 


Fall  cabbage  seed  should  be  sown  at  once  on  rich 
beds  in  a  moist  situation  and  push  on  the  growth  of 
the  plants  as  quickly  as  possible,  so  that  they  may 
escape  the  attacks  of  fly  and  worms.  A  light  sprink- 
ling of  nitrate  of  soda  over  the  beds  just  previous  to 
a  gentle  rain  will  helj)  them.  The  plants  should  be 
ready  to  set  out  in  September  and  they  will  then 
make  nice  heads  in  the  late  fall.  Flat  Dutch  and 
Savoy  are  good  varieties. 


Broccoli  plants  may  be  set  out  during  the  latter 
part  of  this  month.  They  will  make  heads  for  cut- 
ting in  October  and  November.  Treat  like  cabbages. 
They  are  as  easily  grown  as  cabbages  and  sell  well. 
They  make  a  head  like  a  cauliflower. 


English  peas  and  snap  beans  may  be  sown  for  a 
fall  crop  in  Eastern  Virginia  and  North  Carolina. 
They  are  uncertain  as  to  yield,  but  if  the  fall  be 
mild  and  frosts  hold  off  they  make  a  crop  which  sells 
well  and  is  always  acceptable  at  home. 


Kale  and  spinach  may  be  sown  at  the  end  of  the 
month. 


In  our  last  issue  we  wrote  on  the  fall  Irish  potato 
crops,  and  to  this  issue  refer  our  readers.  No  time 
should  now  be  lost  in  getting  the  crop  planted. 


Celery  plants  may  now  be  set  out  from  the  seed 
beds.  Celery  requires  rich,  moist  soil  in  order  that 
the  growth  may  be  quick  or  the  stalks  will  not  be  ten- 


der. Make  the  land  rich  with  well  rotted  farm-yard 
manure,  which  may  be  supplemented  with  a  fertilizer 
having  7  per  cent,  of  ammonia,  5  per  cent,  phosphoric 
acid  and  8  per  cent,  potash.  The  land  should  be 
deeply  broken  and  cultivated  finely.  The  plants 
should  be  set  out  about  six  inches  apart,  so  as  to 
grow  closely  and  exclude  the  light  and  thus  help  in 
bleaching  the  stalks.  If  the  variety  gi'own  is  not  a 
self-bleaching  variety  the  plants  should  be  set  in 
rows  five  feet  apart,  so  as  to  allow  banking  the  soil 
up  to  the  plants  to  bleach  them.  When  setting  out 
in  rows  we  always  set  two  rows  of  plants  about  six 
inches  apart  in  each  row  and  they  can  then  be  earthed 
up  together.  As  the  plants  grow  a  little  soil  should 
be  drawn  to  them  at  intervals  so  as  to  keep  the  plants 
from  spreading  out,  and  then  when  fully  gi-own  be 
earthed  up  to  the  top.  When  banking  the  soil  up  to 
the  plant  hold  the  stalks  of  each  plant  close  together, 
so  as  to  keep  the  soil  out  of  the  hearts  of  the  plants. 
If  celery  can  be  set  out  where  it  can  be  irrigated  it 
will  be  a  gi-eat  advantage,  as  it  succeeds  well  with 
frequent  irrigation. 


As  the  crops  mature  clean  the  land  of  all  trash 
and  waste,  and  if  not  wanted  for  any  other  crop  sow 
crimson  clover  to  occupy  the  land  during  the  winter 
and  conserve  and  improve  the  fertility. 


All  cultivation  should  cease  in  the  orchard  and 
small  fruit  patches,  so  as  to  encourage  ripening  of  the 
wood. 


The  land  for  strawberry  planting  should  be 
ploughed  and  harrowed  so  as  to  encourage  germina- 
tion of  the  weeds,  which  can  then  be  killed. 


GROWING  STRAWBERRIES  IN  POTS. 

A  subscriber  asks  us  to  tell  him  about  growing 
strawberries  in  pots  to  secure  plants  which  will  give 
a  crop  the  first  year.  There  is  no  difficulty  about 
this  work.  Some  writers  advise  that  pots  should  be 
filled  with  soil  and  be  sunk  in  the  ground  near  the 
old  plants  and  the  runners  be  trained  and  pegged 
over  them  so  as  to  root  in  the  pots ;  but  this  is  a 
work  which  causes  much  unnecessary  labor.  We 
would  fill  the  pots  with  good  rich  soil,  providing 
plenty  of  drainage  in  each,  and  then  cut  off  runners 
which  have  commenced  to  form  roots  and  set  them  in 


506 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[August 


tlie  pots  and  keep  them  moist  and  shaded  for  a  few 
days,  when  they  will  at  once  commence  to  grow.  In 
selecting  the  runners  take  the  plant  first  formed  on 
the  runner  for  potting.  It  will  be  the  strongest  plant. 
Growth  should  be  encouraged  in  the  pots  by  water- 
ing with  weak  manure  water  or  water  in  which  a 
little  nitrate  of  soda  has  been  dissolved,  and  on  the 
approach  of  cold  weather  they  should  be  protected 
at  night.  In  the  early  spring  they  should  be  turned 
out  of  the  pots  without  disturbing  the  roots  and  they 
will  continue  their  growth  and  make  fruit. 


ORCHARD  AND  GARDEN  NOTES. 

Editor  Southern   Planter: 

Harvi'St  time  in  the  orchard  and  garden  has  now 
Lonu'.  Hhe  fruits  of  our  labors  can  now  be  seen. 
The  i)leasures  that  come  from  gathering  and  eating 
the  fin«  fruits  and  vegetables  from  our  own  gardens 
are  groii!;.  These  fruits  and  vegetables,  as  they  ap- 
pear grov.-jng  npon  the  trees  and  vines  look  much 
n-ore  iK-autiful  and  taste  much  better  than  those 
bruised  and  inferior  flavored  ones  that  are  shipped 
long  distances  to  the  cities.  Many  of  our  city  friends 
do  not  know  any  thing  about  the  best  fruits  and 
vegetables. 

AVhile  we  are  gathering  these  fine  products  we 
must  net  fail  to  learn  lessons  aboiit  efFects  that  dif- 
ferent varieties,  different  soils  and  different  cultural 
iiictbods  have  produced  upon  the  quality  and  quantity 
of  the  crops.  I  have  had  an  opportunity  to  notice 
the  fruiting  habit?  of  Early  Harvest,  Red  Jime  and 
Transparent  apples,  and  to  test  their  table  qualities. 
Each  or.e  of  these  early  fruits  has  some  special  claim 
in  its  favor  different  from  the  others. 

Red  June  has  a  better  color,  but  appears  to  be 
rather  a  shy  bearer;  Early  Harvest  is  a  little  small, 
but  is  prolific  and  of  good  flavor,  and  Transparent  is 
almost  too  acid,  unless  extremely  ripe,  but  it  Is  of 
good  size  and  bears  quite  young. 


The  great  rush  of  s])ring  and  simimer  work  is  now 
over.  The  farmer  usually  has  more  spare  time  du- 
ring this  month  than  any  other  summer  or  spring 
month,  r  want  to  suggest  that  the  farmer's  family 
take  a  few  days  for  rest  and  recreation.  Let  us  change 
the  scenes  a  little.  "All  work  and  no  play  makes 
a  dull  boy."  Take  an  outing.  Dtive  the  family  to 
some  good  spring  near  by  and  spend  a  few  days. 
Dine  at  some  good  hotel  in  the  city  and  let  the  boy 
get  a  glimpse  of  city  life.  Then  explain  to  him  how 
city  folks  live,  so  that  he  may  not  be  so  anxious  to 


leave  the  old  homestead  to  learn  about  city  life  by 
himself.  A  few  dollars  spent  for  the  family  in  this 
wav  may  prove  to  be  the  best  investment  the  farmer 
can  make.  Try  it.  Let  the  boy  go  with  a  large  ship- 
ment of  produce  to  the  market  and  watch  the  various 
ways  it  is  handled  before  it  reaches  the  consumer. 
I'his  will  teach  him  how  to  prepare  things  for  market 
in  the  best  possible  manner.  This  question  of  how  to 
market  products  is  of  as  mtich  importance  frequently 
as  how  to  grow  them.  The  farmer  should  study  tne 
marketing  now  when  taking  his  vacation. 


Shall  the  farmer's  boy  be  sent  to  college  this  year  ? 
If  so,  where?  This  is  one  of  the  most  important 
questions  that  usually  engages  the  farmer's  attention 
during  this  month.  T3oes  the  farmer's  boy  need  an 
education?  If  not,  why  do  men  go  to  colleges  to 
study  law  and  medicine  ?  The  father  sometimes  tells 
his  boy  that  he  (the  father)  has  made  a  success  in 
life  without  a  college  education  and  his  son  ought  to 
do  equally  as  well  without  one.  This  kind  of  reason- 
ing has  frequently  decided  the  fate  of  many  bright 
and  ambitious  farm  boys.  While  such  reasoning  ap- 
pears sound  on  its  face,  still  it  is  very  unsound' and 
misleading.  The  same  father  might  ask  also  how 
many  men  withovt  a  college  education  have  made 
failures.  Conditions  have  greatly  changed  since  he 
grew  up.  People  are  more  thickly  settled,  population 
Jias  increased,  competition  has  become  great  and  the 
requirements  of  society  and  the  business  world  have 
grown  im.mensely.  There  are  many  more  avenues 
of  pleasure  opened  xip  to  the  educated  man  than  the 
uneducated.  He  is  of  more  benefit  to  his  fellow-man 
and  the  commtmity.  Instead  of  leaving  the  young 
man  so  many  dollars  to  spend  after  the  father  is 
dead  it  would  often  be  far  better  to  spend  the  money 
in  educating  the  young  man  and  leave  him  a  well- 
trained  mind  and  a  sound  manhood.  The  boy  will 
climb  the  ladder  then  instead  of  coming  down. 

But  what  kind  of  an  education  is  best  for  the  farm- 
er's boy?  This  question  should  be  discussed  with  the 
boy  very  frankly,  and  some  time  should  be  given  be- 
fore making  a  decision.  If  the  boy  wants  to  make 
a  farmer  the  decision  is  made  at  once.  Send  him  to  a 
good  agricultural  and  mechanical  college.  While  a 
good  farmer's  boy  will  usually  be  successftil  in  most 
any  business  or  professional  line  he  may  choose  to 
enter,  still  the  gi'eat  demand  now  is  for  men  trained 
in  the  technical  branches.  The  demand  for  men 
with  a  classical  education  has  become  very  limited. 
The  dead  languages  no  longer  hold  the  greater  in- 
fluence in  our  colleges  and  universities.     If  the  lx)y 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


507 


is  sent  to  college  to  make  such  tilings  his  main  study, 
that  is  his  first  step  in  being  educated  away  from  the 
fai-m.  The  dignity  of  farming  in  Virginia  and  other 
Southern  States  is  gaining  groud  rapidly.  "Virginia 
has  an  ex-Governor  who  was  pround  of  the  title, 
"Farmer  Governor."  Some  of  the  wealthiest  and 
most  influential  men  of  the  State  now  own  large 
pippin  orchards  or  fine  herds  of  registered  cattle. 
One  of  our  senators  delights  to  spend  his  summers 
on  his  farm.  Things  are  turning  farmerward  in  Vir- 
ginia. Encourage  the  boy  to  be  a  farmer.  Teach  him 
that  it  is  honorable.  There  is  at  least  one  good  col- 
lege where  he  can  go,  at  small  expense,  to  study  agri- 
culture or  horticulture.  He  will  be  respected  and 
encouraged  in  his  work  at  this  institution.  Send  a 
postal-card  for  a  catalogue  of  the  Agricultural  and 
Mechanical  College  f  Virginia  Polytechnic  Institiite) 
located  at  Blackshurg,  Va.  This  catalogue  is  now  be- 
fore me,  and  I  notice  that  a  two-year  course  in  "prac- 
tical agriculture"  is  given  at  this  institution.  I 
v/ould  like  to  see  a  number  of  young  farmers  take 
this  course.  The  President  of  the  Board  has  ap- 
proved the  short  winter  course  idea  that  I  suggested 
in  the  Planter,  and  I  hope  to  see  this  course  offered 
at  the  college  in  a  short  time.  More  money  is 
needed  for  broadening  the  agricultural  features  at 
this  institution,  and  T  hope  the  necessary  money  will 
be  given  by  the  next  Legislature.  The  Legislature 
of  Illinois  recently  gave  the  agricultural  college  of 
that  State  $100,000  for  "equipment  and  instruc- 
tional work  in  the  Department  of  Agriculture." 
Virginians  have  not  been  educated  up  to  the  point 
to  even  ask  for  siich  an  amount,  both  for  equipment 
and  building,  for  the  agricultural  work  of  the  State, 
biit  we  are  coming.  If  the  farmers  will  vote  in  the 
primaries  this  fall  for  those  who  favor  the  advance- 
ment of  the  agricultural  interests  of  the  State  we 
will  be  coming  faster.  R.  H.  Price. 

Montgomery  county. 


FIRE  BLIGHT  ON  PEARS. 

At  the  Virginia  Experiment  Station  at  Blacks- 
burg,  a  pear  orchard  was  planted  in  1S89,  in  which 
were  set  out  over  thirty  different  varieties.  This 
orchard  has  had  the  constant  care  and  attention  of 
the  Horticulturist  and  Mycologist  of  the  station,  with 
the  hope  of  demonstrating  the  possibiliy  of  growing 
pears  successfully  in  this  State  where  fire  blight  has 
been  a  constant  source  of  loss  and  discouragement 
to  orehardists.  Up  to  1899,  when  the  orchard  was 
10  years  old,  this  care  resulted  in  gratifying  suc- 
cess, there  being  to  that  date  only  slight  attacks  of  the 


disease,  and  these  were  controlled  by  cutting  away 
the  diseased  portions  supplemented  by  thorough  use 
of  the  Bordeaux  spray.  During  1900  the  attack  of 
blight  became  very  severe,  and  regardless  of  cutting 
out  wood  and  thorough  application  of  Bordeaux, 
some  of  the  trees  were  entirely  destroyed  before  mid- 
summer. In  a  further  effort  to  save  the  orchard 
lhe  trees  were  carefully  gone  over  in  the  winter  of 
1900-1901  and  all  blighted  wood  removed,  except 
blight  spots  on  the  trunks  asd  main  limbs  of  trees 
rliat  were  desired  to  be  attempted  to  be  saved.  These 
M'ere  carefully  scraped,  removing  all  the  dead  bark 
as  far  as  possible  and  later  the  trunks  and  main  limbs 
were  treated  with  a  lime-bluestone  wash  made  by 
using  two  pounds  of  bluestone,  four  pounds  of  lime 
and  three  gallons  of  water,  and  was  prepared  as 
follows:  The  bluestone  was  dissolved  in  hot  water, 
the  lime  carefiilly  slacked  in  hot  water  and  the  two 
were  then  mixed  together  and  thinned  so  as  to  make 
three  gallons  of  the  mixture.  This  was  applied  so 
as  to  thoroughly  coat  the  trunks  and  main  limbs. 
The  trees  themselves  were  thoroughly  sprayed  in 
IMarch  with  a  solution  of  bluestone — two  pounds  to 
fifty  gallons  of  water.  In  April  and  twice  in  May 
the  trees  were  sprayed  with  Bordeaux  mixture.  Not- 
withstandisg  all  this  woi'k  and  the  cutting  out  of  all 
diseased  wood,  the  blight  continued  to  make  head- 
way. 

On  June  4-th  tbt  pear  blight  was  again  qiiite  gene- 
ral throughout  the  orchard,  and  certain  trees  were  so 
badly  diseased  that  it  was  decided  to  remove  them. 
Xt  the  end  of  the  season  of  1901  the  orchard  pre- 
sented a  most  serious  condition  of  affairs.  A  con- 
siderable number  of  trees  had  already  been  removed, 
others  had  been  cut  to  stumps,  and  it  was  now  neces- 
s<iry  to  again  remove  a  considerable  niimber  of  trees 
and  to  cut  others  back  to  mere  stubs  or  to  short  spurs 
of  limbs  around  the  head  of  the  trunk,  in  order  to 
remove,  as  far  as  possible,  the  diseaseci  wood. 

The  subsequent  efforts  made  to  combat  the  disease 
and  the  result  are  described  in  the  following  bulletin 
from  the  Mycologist,  Professor  Alwood : 

During  the  winter  nf  1901-1902  the  trees  were 
carefully  searched  for  blighted  wood  and  the  same 
removed,  except  where  certain  blight  spots  on  the 
trunk  and  main  limbs  could  not  well  be  cut  away 
without  destroying  portions  of  the  trees  which  were 
yet  alive.  Those  trees  which  were  thought  to  be  quite 
beyond  remedial  treatment  were  cut  out.  All  the 
wounds  made  in  the  heavy  cutting  of  diseased  tissue 
were  covered  with  thick  white  lead  paint,  this  being 
our  usual  custom  in  siich  work. 

During  the  last  week  in  March  the  pear  orchard 
was  sprayed  so  as  to  thoroughly  drench  all  parts  of 


508 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[August 


the  trees  with  a  lye  wash,  made  by  using  concentrated 
lye  in  solution,  so  as  to  give  a  strength  of  3  degrees 
on  the  Beaume  spindle,  it  requiring  about  seven 
pounds  of  the  concentrated  lye  to  each  fifty  gallons  of 
water  to  make  the  strength  required.  This  wash  was 
given  for  its  cleansing  effect,  as  has  been  our  custom 
to  do  about  once  in  three  years. 

On  April  Sd  the  trees  still  remaining  in  the  pear 
orchard  were  treated  as  follows  with  a  prepared  fer- 
tilizer composed  of  300  pounds  of  16  per  cent,  dis- 
solved South  Carolina  phosphate  and  150  pounds  of 
muriate  potash.  There  were  seventy-five  trees  still 
standinc  in  the  pear  orchard,  and  this  quantity  of 
fertilizer  was  sowed  broadcast  in  equal  quantities 
around  these  trees,  tlnis  making  an  application  of  six 
pounds  per  tree.  The  ground  had  been  previously 
cultivated  with  a  disc  harrow,  and  after  the  applica- 
tion of  fertilizer  was  made  a  slight  cultivation  was 
given  with  a  straight-tooth  harrow.  The  trees  were 
still  dormant.  About  two  weeks  later  the  orchard 
was  recultivatcd  v;ith  the  disc  harrow,^  and  no  further 
cultivation  given  for  the  year. 

On  April  2.5th  the  pear  orchard  was  given  the  first 
spraying  of  Bordeaux,  made  in  the  usual  manner. 
The  buds  were  just  bursting  at  this  date  and  the 
trees  were  coated  so  as  to  show  a  thin  layer  of  bluish 
powder  when  dry. 

On  !May  7th  the  pear  trees  were  given  the  second 
spraying  with  the  Bordeaux  mixture,  care  being  taken 
to  thoroughly  treat  all  parts  of  the  trees  and  to  again 
coat  the  limbs  and  trunks  with  the  spray  preparation. 
This  was  the  last  treatment  with  Bordeaux  for  that 
season. 

Slight  trace  of  blight  showed  here  and  there  on  the 
early  growth,  but  no  serious  development  of  the  dis- 
ease occurred.  The  only  noticeable  progress  that  the 
disease  made  during  the  season  was  on  limbs-  and 
smaller  branches  adjacent  to  hold-over  cases  which 
v/ere  not  cut  OTit  at  the  winter  pruning  as  noted  above. 
?^o  summer  pruning  for  blight  was  attempted  during 
1902.  These  slight  occurrences  resulted  in  the  death 
of  a  few  large  limbs  and  oceasio  *al  branches,  but  there 
v.'as  no  spread  of  the  trouble  to  the  young  wood  as  the 
season  progressed.  The  trees,  in  many  instances,  took 
on  a  new  vigor,  and  the  appearance  of  the  orchard  at 
the  close  of  the  summer  of  1902  was  far  better  than 
at  the  close  of  1901.  In  fact,  the  disease  was  so  de- 
cidedly checked  that  one  could  not  help  being  greatly 
encouraged  with  the  result. 

It  should  further  be  stated  that,  with  the  checking 
of  the  blight  in  the  pear  orchard,  scarcely  a  twig 
blighted  in  the  large  variety  apple  orchard  standing 
adjacent,  whereas,  the  previous  year  twig  blight  oc- 
curred very  generally  throughout  the  apple  orchard. 
SPRING  OF  1003. 
This  season  the  orchard  has  been  treated  as  fol- 


lows :  The  few  dead  limbs  and  branches  resulting 
from  last  season's  action  of  blight  were  cut  out  when 
>;till  dormant.  No  winter  wash  was  used.  Though 
the  orchard  has  a  dilapidated  appearance  from  severe 
(Mitting,  it  shows  no  particular  extension  of  blighted 
areas  on  trunks  and  limbs.  Unfortunately,  the  im- 
passable condition  of  our  road  to  the  depot  rendered 
it  impossible  to  secure  the  material  for  making  the 
tonic  fertilizer  as  early  as  we  had  wished.  The 
application  was  prepared,  however,  as  specified 
under  a  previous  section  of  this  report,  and  ten 
pounds  used  broadcast  around  each  tree,  on  April  22, 
UI03,  spreading  the  same  for  a  radius  of  six  to  eight 
i'eet  about  the  trees. 

The  first  Bordeaux  treatment  was  given  April 
20th,  just  as  buds  were  opening,  and  the  second  May 
ISth,  after  bloom  had  fallen. 

The  orchard  has  been  cultivated  three  times  with 
a  disc  harrow,  and  will  be  given  no  further  culture 
or  treatment  of  any  sort.  The  coming  fall  we  ought 
to  be  able  to  make  pretty  positive  statements  as  to  the 
results  of  this  tonic  treatment  for  pear  blight. 

At  this  writing  (June  1,  1903),  the  trees  are,  with 
few  exceptions,  making  a  vigorous  growth,  and  in 
some  cases  forming  new  heads  from  bare  trunks 
where  the  tops  were  cut  away  at  12  and  13  years 

CONCI.USIONS. 

1.  Our  efforts  to  stay  the  fire  blight  by  cutting  out 
diseased  tissue  and  by  the  use  of  Bordeaux  sprays 
over  the  entire  trees,  and  washes  on  the  trunk,  have 
tailed  to  hold  the  disease  in  check,  but  we  think  this 
preliminary  effort  to  control  the  disease  should  not 
be  neglected. 

2.  It  at)pears  that  we  are  warranted  in  saying  that 
the  fertilizer  used  on  pear  trees  suffering  from  fire 
blight  has  enabled  them  to  resist  the  disease  to  a 
very  marked  degree.  These  tests  must  be  repeated 
for  a  series  of  years,  and  under  varying  conditions, 
before  a  final  pronouncement  can  be  made. 

3.  It  is,  in  our  opinion,  bad  policy  to  cultivate  pear 
orchards  in  summer,  or,  in  fact,  after  the  bloom  falls, 
and  such  orchards  are  apparently  more  healthy  if 
planted  on  rather  dry,  stiff  soil. 

b.  Aft^r  our  experience  with  the  blight  we  suggest 
the  following  list  of  varieties  for  home  use  and  com- 
mercial planting.  Well  treated,  these  would  appear 
to  promise  the  best  results: 

For  summer. — Bartlett  and  Tyson. 

For  autumn  and  late  fruit. — Seckel,  Bosc  (finest 
quality,  amateur  only),  Louise,  Rutter,  Kieffer  (espe- 
cially for  commercial  purposes)  and  Lawrence.  This 
latter,  if  well  handled,  can  be  held  until  late;  quality 
is  fine.  WiT.LiAM  B.  Alwood, 

Mycologist,  etc. 
Experiment   Station,   Blacksburg,     Va.,    June    30, 

1903. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTEK. 


509 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy. 


A  DEHORNING  PEN. 

A  subscriber  writes  us  asking  that  we  give  him 
some  points  about  building  a  pen  for  holding  cattle 
whilst  being  dehorned.  A  very  simple  arrangement 
will  meet  all  the  needs  of  a  dehorning  pen.  Indeed, 
we  know  of  one  gentleman  who  every  year  dehorns 
a  large  number  of  cattle  whose  only  pen  (if  such  it 
can  be  called)  is  simply  a  forked  tree.  JJ^ear  to  his 
stable  a  large  tree  has  grown  which,  at  about  three 
feet  above  the  grotind,  divides  into  two  limbs  be- 
tween which  the  head  of  a  cow  can  be  easily  passed. 
When  qnce  through,  pressing  the  head  down  a  little 
and  holding  it  there  by  the  nose,  fixes  the  animal  so 
that  the  head  cannot  be  moved.  The  horns  are  then 
taken  oif  and  the  head  of  the  cow  raised  and  the 
animal  set  at  liberty.  A  dehorning  pen  can  do  no 
better  than  follow  this  simple  plan,  except  that  it 
should  be  made  of  strong  rails  down  each  side  so 
that  when  once  in  it  the  animal's  body  will  be  also 
confined,  so  as  not  to  have  room  to  move  to  either 
side.  Make  the  end  of  the  pen  through  which  the 
head  projects  of  two  strong  upright  posts  and  a 
couple  of  rails  near  the  bottom  to  hold  these  together 
and  let  the  space  between  these  two  uprights  be  only 
sufficiently  wide  for  the  head  below  the  horns  to  pass 
through.  Fix  a  strong  cross-bar  with  a  hinge  to  the 
top  of  one  of  these  iiprights  and  when  the  head  is  in 
position  between  them  close  this  down  on  the  neck 
and  fasten  with  a  staple  in  the  other  upright  and  thus 
hold  the  head  fast. 


LIVE  STOCK  AT  ST.  LOUIS. 

F.  D.  Coburn,  Chief  of  the  Department  of  Live 
Stock  of  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition,  has 
arranged  for  a  total  of  over  26,000  prizes  in  the 
classifications  for  horses,  cattle,  sheep,  swine,  poul- 
try, etc.,  for  the  World's  Fair  show  next  year.  These 
are  unprecedented  in  amoimt  and  are  divided  among 
twelve  breeds  of  beef  and  dual  purpose  cattle  with 
2,352  prizes;  four  breeds  of  dairy  cattle,  560  prizes; 
nineteen  breeds  of  horses,  3,458  prizes ;  eleven  breeds 
of  swine,  2,772  prizes ;  fourteen  breeds  of  sheep, 
2,548  prizes;  375  varieties  of  poultry  and  pigeons, 
10,300  prizes ;  fifty-seven  breeds  of  dogs,  2,604  prizes. 
There  are  thirty-two  additional  prizes  for  single  cows 
and  herds  entered  in  the  dairy  demonstration ;  five 
for  oxen;  fifty-five  for  mules  and  1,310  for  the  esti- 
mated displays  of  pet  stock,  vehicles,  etc. 


Provision  has  been  made  for  five  cash  prizes  and 
two  honorable  mention  awards  in  most  sections  ex- 
cept poultry.  The  final  arrangements  of  the  classi- 
fications may  still  further  enlarge  the  number  of 
prizes  offered. 


THE  PROFITABLE  COLT. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

In  many  cases  some  of  the  work  horses  on  the 
farm  may  be  brood  mares.  Usually  siich  mares  have 
less  to  do  in  winter.  They  can  have  their  colts  in 
Xovember  and  suckle  them  through  the  winter 
months.  Sometimes  it  is  diflicult  to  get  the  mares  to 
breed  at  the  desired  time  of  the  year.  At  least  have 
the  colt  come  in  April  or  not  before  September  30th. 

As  soon  as  the  colt  comes  into  the  world  see  that 
its  nose  is  uncovered  as  soon  as  the  body  is  exposed 
to  the  air,  and  there  may  be  cases  where  the  navel 
needs  attention,  but  nature  generally  takes  care  of 
that.  Leave  the  colt  with  the  dam  for  awhile  and 
let  her  take  care  of  it,  but  if  after  two  or  three  hours 
it  has  not  had  any  milk  help  it  to  get  some.  As  a 
rule  the  foal  gets  a  good  portion  within  a  half  hour 
after  being  born.  Be  sure  the  dam  has  sufficient 
niilk,  or  if  the  udder  is  full  and  hard  rub  it  and 
start  the  flow.  If  the  milk  does  not  move  the  bowels 
properly  a  little  castor  oil  should  be  given,  and  some- 
times it  is  necessary  to  give  an  injection.  When  the 
colt  is  aboiit  a  day  old  go  into  the  stable  and  get  in 
front  of  him,  sitting  down  several  feet  away.  Just 
sit  still  with  your  hat  off  so  he  will  not  knock  it  off 
and  scare  himself.  He  is  a  very  curious  little  fel- 
low and  will  not  be  long  in  getting  lo  see  what  you 
are.  Be  very  quiet  and  let  him  have  his  own  way  till 
he  begins  picking  at  you.  After  giving  him  time  to 
become  interested  reach  out  quietly  and  tickle  him  a 
little  on  the  breast,  which  he  will  greatly  enjoy. 
After  a  short  time  you  may  begin  to  rub  him  a  little 
and  tickle  him  between  the  forelegs  till  he  begins  to 
try  to  lay  do^vn  on  you.  }^ow  you  have  his  confi- 
dence, which,  if  you  will  repeat  the  lesson  once  or 
twice  more,  yon  may  have  always,  if  you  will  treat 
him  kindly.  Always  catch  the  colt  and  hold  him 
bv  piitting  one  arm  in  front  and  one  back  of  him. 
The  pivotal  point  of  action  is  the  center  of  the  body — 
fasten  him  in  front  and  he  tries  to  go  backward ; 
fasten  him  at  the  rear  and  he  tries  to  go  forward. 
Yoii  can  easily  hold  the  colt  if  you  place  one  arm 


510 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[August 


under  the  neck  and  the  other  under  the  ham.  Handle 
him  first  on  one  side  then  on  the  other,  and  give  him 
a  lump  of  sugar.  He  may  not  eat  it  at  first,  but  pass 
it  around  his  mouth  and  he  will  soon  learn  to  like  it. 

When  about  a  week  old  put  on  a  strong,  neatly- 
fitting  halter  and  tie  the  colt  up.  If  the  halter  does 
not  fit  he  will  soon  learn  to  rub  it  off  and  a  habit  is 
formed  that  is  almost  impossible  to  cure.  If  he 
pulls  back,  to  counteract  this,  place  a  strap  around 
his  body  just  in  front  of  his  hind  legs.  Attach  a 
rope  to  this  and  run  it  through  a  ring  in  the  halter. 
When  the  colt  goes  back  pull  him  up  to  you;  then 
give  him  f?ome  sugar.  i3y  the  time  he  is  two  weeks 
old  lie  should  have  been  taught  to  lead  and  stand 
while  his  mother  is  taken  out  to  water.  Next  put 
on  the  headstall  with  a  bit  and  let  him  get  accus- 
omed  to  it. 

The  mare  should  be  kept  in  a  box  stall  for  a  short 
time  after  foaling,  and  as  soon  as  the  colt  becomes 
accustomed  to  being  haltered  tie  the  mare  in  a 
single  stall.  When  she  goes  to  work  he  should  not  be 
allowed  to  follow  her,  but  is  better  off  in  the  stall — 
all  the  better  if  a  paddock  is  attached.  For  the  first 
month  if  the  colt  cannot  be  taken  to  the  dam  she 
should  be  brought  up  in  the  middle  of  the  day  to 
suckle  him.  If  she  is  on  pasture  the  colt  will  early 
learn  to  partake  of  the  same.  Teach  him  to  eat  when 
from  3  to  4  weeks  old  by  providing  a  self-feeder 
where  he  can  get  oats  and  bran  at  all  times.  There 
is  no  danger  of  him  eating  too  much.  Aim  to  keep 
him  gi-owing  well  and  see  to  it  that  he  is  getting  a 
good  grain  ration  and  is  in  good  thrift  at  weaning 
time — -5  or  6  months  old.  Separate  the  two  so  they 
cannot  see  or  hear  each  other  and  by  kindness  and 
perseverance  the  colt  will  soon  forget  to  worry.  To 
dry  the  mare  feed  straw  and  decrease  the  amount 
of  water. 

The  first  year  after  weaning  is  usually  the  hardest 
time  in  the  life  of  the  colt,  and  we  should  give  him 
extra  care  and  feed  at  this  time.  Some  breeders 
feed  much  grain  the  first  winter.  At  any  rate,  he 
should  be  kept  growing,  but  not  at  all  fat  before  he 
is  3  years  old.  There  are  no  grain  feeds  better 
adapted  to  growing  muscle  and  bone  than  oats  and 
bran  with  an  addition  of  about  a  pint  of  oil  meal 
a  day.  No  corn  is  needed,  except  in  cold  weather. 
Clover  or  alfalfa  hay  and  Ijluegrass  pasturage  fur- 
nish excellent  feed.  Grinding  feed  is  unnecessary, 
as  the  operation  takes  time  and  money.  The  time 
of  the  colt  is  not  worth  anything:  therefoi'e,  he  can 
safely  put  it  in  grinding  his  own  feed.  He  has  no- 
thing else  to  do  and  likes  it.     He  will  not  pass  any 


grain  whole  if  he  is  in  perfect  health.  Potatoes  are 
an  excellent  food  for  the  colt.  It  is  well  to  cut  them 
and  dust  over  with  a  little  grain.  Carrots  are  also 
reuommended  as  a  feed  to  build  a  good  frame  and 
solid  body.  If  he  is  nervous  decrease  the  quantity 
of  oats. 

Allow  him  free  range  and  exposure  to  outdoor 
weather  common  to  older  stock  in  the  more  clement 
seasons.     Keep  the  feet  straight  with  a  rasp. 

A  fall  colt  thus  treated  is  ready  to  make  full 
growth,  and  instead  of  being  at  two  and  a  half  years 
no  better  than  the  2-year-old,  as  is  often  the  case, 
he  will  Ix'  about  as  good  as  a  3-year-old. 

George  H.  C.  Williams. 
Unitp.d  States  Depaii.ment  Agriculture .  Washington, 

D.  C. 


MORE  LIVE  STOCK. 

Ediior  Southern  Planter: 

The  market  conditions  for  stock-raising — includ- 
ing all  meat-producing  animals — offer  such  in- 
ducements to  farmers  as  ought  to  influence  them  to 
produce  all  the  live  stock  their  farms  Avill  sustain. 
Beef  is  way  up  in  price,  and  the  demand  is  greater 
than  the  supply.  This  is  just  what  the  farmer  wants. 
Breeding  stock  is  also  scarce  and  must  be  grown  to 
meet  the  demand.  So  also  is  good  dairy  stock.  For 
milk  and  butter  prices  are  so  favorable  and  demand 
for  good  milk  and  butter  so  great — that  of  the  "gilt- 
edge"  variety,  especially — the  supply  does  not  begin 
to  meet  the  demand. 

Prices  of  both  mutton  and  wool  are  high,  and  in- 
dications point  that  they  will  go  still  higher.  The 
heavy  sheep  losses  in  Australia  and  the  great  de- 
crease in  exports  of  both  sheep  and  wool  from  such 
an  extensive  shipping  point,  indicate  at  least  no  de- 
crease from  present  prices. 

The  losses  among  the  flocks  and  herds  throughout 
the  Northwest  will  also  influence  prices  for  some 
time  to  come. 

Every  one  at  all  acquainted  with  stock  raising 
knows  of  the  shortage  in  hogs  for  both  breeding  and 
market  purposes.  Hogs  bring  quick  money,  and  if 
properly  handled  plenty  of  it  and  good  returns  on 
capital  invested. 

Sheep  are  easily  handled  and  they  also  bring 
quick  money  and  from  two  sources — mutton  and 
wool. 

Cattle  have  made  many  rich,  and  will  still  make 
many  more  rich,  unless  vegetarians  get  us.  Goats 
are  also   attracting  much   attention,   and  if  figures 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


511 


speak  ivulv  they  cau  be  profitably  handled,  espe- 
cially so  where  land  is  to  be  cleared  of  weeds  and 
scrub  growth. 

Eortiinately,  there  is  variety  enough  of  live  stock 
for  each  man  to  select  that  which  best  suits  his  fancy, 
•his  ability  or  his  surroundings.  He  can  select  which 
ever  breed  of  stock  suits  his  purpose  best,  but  when 
choice  is  followed  thus  far  let  him  stick  to  it.  Rarely 
ever  does  the  man  who  changes  from  sheep  to  hogs 
and  hogs  to  cattle  and  perhaps  from  cattle  to  horses, 
do  well.  There  are  exceptions — this  only  proves  the 
rule — where  circimistances  are  such  that  a  change  is 
beneficial,  even  essential;  kit  ,generally  speaking, 
the  man  who  studiously  makes  his  choice,  sticks  to 
it  and  is  carefully  observant  of  the  details  of  his 
business  is  the  successful  man. 

Another  condition  besides  that  of  the  markets 
must  be  considered  by  the  farmer.  The  time  is  pass- 
ing when  cattle  and  sheep  can  he  run  on  the  plains  iii 
any  number.  These  plains  are  rapidly  being  turned 
into  farms,  and  for  some  years  ranches  Have  been 
moving  farther  and  farther  west  to  give  place  to 
settlers.  Sheep  and  cattle  have  moved  nearer  to 
gether,  until  the  result  has  been  the  war  between 
the  sheep  and  cattle  men  so  disgraceful  to  our  his- 
tory; and  the  end  is  not  yet.  These  wars  but  prove 
the  shortage  of  gi-azing  lands.  In  all  of  the  Western 
States  range  lands  are  taken  up  by  settlers — thou- 
sands of  farms  in  each  State  every  year — until  the  end 
must  be — and  that  not  far  distant — when  live  stock 
growing  and  grain  growing  must  be  done  together 
on  the  farm.  This  has  gTeat  advantages  for  the 
farmer,  especially  those  who  possess  farms  where 
grain  growing  solely  has  weakened  the  soil,  as  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  United  States,  separated  from 
the  North  and  West  to  some  extent  by  the  civil  war 
and  the  consequences  resulting.  Here  are  many  large 
farms  where  part  of  the  land  is  cultivated,  part  in 
timber  and  much  left  umised,  save  for  commons. 
Take,  for  example,  the  State  of  Virginia.  These 
conditions  are  existant  here.  Grain  and  tobacco  are 
produced  in  considerable  quantities;  much  commer- 
cial fertilizer  is  used.  Thoroughbred  stock  for  breed- 
ing purposes  is  raised  throughout  the  State  to  some 
extent:  but  little  feeding  is  done,  however.  Where 
either  is  followed  the  difference  in  the  condition  of 
that  farm  and  those  joining  is  amazing.  There  are 
many  sections  of  the  United  States  where  grass  for 
hay  or  grazing  purposes  cannot  be  produced  that 
will  compare  with  that  grown  in  these  places.  Corn, 
grains  and  clovers,  including  alfalfa,  will  compare 
well  with  those  raised  in  other  sections,  and  the 
Avater  =npplv  is  as  ffood  a?  can  be  had  anvwhere. 


Land  throughout  this  section  can  be  bought  very 
cheap — from  $5  per  acre  up — in  some  instances  very 
good  improvements  included.  However,  when  the 
farmer  awakes  to  the  fact  that  the  best  way  to  market 
farm  produce  is  in  the  shape  of  meat  or  dairy  pro- 
ducts,  these  conditions  will   change. 

If  e-^-ery  farmer  would  put,  or  keep,  on  his  place 
all  the  stock  it  would  carry  until  every  field  and 
pasture  came  into  a  high  state  of  fertility,  the  ease 
and  profit  with  which  he  could  handle  his  farm  would 
be  a  pleasant  surprise  to  him.  The  more  stock  he 
raised  the  more  and  better  grain  he  could  grow,  and 
with  more  grain  more  stock  would  follow,  until  our 
lands  attained  as  high  a  state  of  fertility  and  cultiva- 
tion as  the  world-renowned  agi'icnltural  lands  of 
England. 

While  there  is  much  to  be  said  in  favor  of  herding 
on  the  ranges,  there  is  to  that,  as  to  most  things,  two 
sides.  Range  stock  is  frequently  exposed  to  diseases 
by  bringing  in  new  stock,  to  poison  from  eating 
poisonous  plants  when  grazing  is  scarce  or  when 
moving  from  one  place  to  another;  also,  some  loss 
from  wild  animals,  more  especially  among  sheep,  and 
in  time  of  drought  to  intense  suft'ering  and  loss  for 
want  of  both  feed  and  water,  and  every  winter  leaves 
tales  to  tell  of  snow-covered  ranges,  where  the  weakest 
in  every  herd  succumb  to  cold  and  starvation. 

Any,  or,  indeed,  all,  of  these  conditions  may  con- 
front a  farmer-stockman,  but  at  the  same  time  he  has 
at  hand  means  to  combat  them  that  a  range  man  has 
not.  With  a  part  of  his  land  in  grass  and  cultiva- 
tion he  can,  in  the  most  unfavorable  season,  provide 
enough  feed  to  bring  his  stock  through.  By 
judiciously  fencing,  water  can  be  provided  on  most 
farms  so  as  to  be  available  in  each  gi-azing  field,  and 
facilities  are  at  hand  for  separating  from  the  herds 
those  in  a  poorer  condition  and  giving  to  them  the 
extra  attention  required  to  put  them  into  shape. 

There  is  also  an  advantage  in  producing  stock  as 
near  as  possible  to  where  it  is  to  be  marketed,  and 
this  can  be  done  here  to  a  far  greater  extent  than  it 
is  anywhere  east  of  the  Mississippi  river,  where 
markets  are  so  near  at  hand  and  of  the  highest. 

The  time  is  at  hand  when  every  farmer — yes.  and 
stockman — must  settle  this  matter  for  himself  and 
put  it  into  practice.  The  time  is  past  when  a  man 
who  was  not  possessed  of  wit  enough  for  anything  else 
would  do  for  a  farmer.  The  government  has  done 
much  toward  educating  as  to  the  need  of  scientific 
farming  and  farming  as  a  business  investment,  by 
publishing  and  freely  circulating  the  annual  reports 
of  the  Departments  of  Agriculture  in  each  State,  the 
Experiment  Station  reports  and  by  aiding  State  ag- 


512 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAXTEE. 


[August 


ricultural  colleges,  etc.  When  we  really  know  what 
we  need  we  are  sure  to  have  it.  In  the  last  decade 
we  have  made  rapid  progress  in  our  farming  methods, 
both  as  to  agricultural  features  and  stock  raising. 
The  up-to-date  farmer  has  a  comfortable  home  with 
some  of  the  luxuries  in  it  that  are  so  attractive  to 
the  people,  that  were  exclusively  city  conveniences 
not  many  years  ago.  He  has  a  carriage  and  horses 
that  are  frequently  used  by  the  family,  also  has 
time  and  sj-mpathy  for  social  enjoyments.  These 
things,  with  aii  agricultural  college  education,  will  fit 
the  young  people  to  become  good  farmers.  Simplv 
because  a  certain  boy  is  a  little  more  intelligent  than 
the  average  is  no  reason  why  he  should  go  away  to 
the  city  to  shut  himself  up  in  a  little,  dark  office  and 
for  fifty  weeks  a  year  do  precisely  and  exactly  as  he 
is  told  or  lose  his  job.  ifany  do  that  when  they  might 
be  the  owners  of  fine  farms  with  fields  of  waving 
grain  and  herds  of  sleek  cattle  and  sheep  grazing 
contentedly  on  the  pastures,  and  all  as  a  result  of 
their  o%vn  ability  and  management. 

A  man  is  tied  to  his  farm  ?    Certainly,  who  is  not 
tied   ?     It  is  only  the  question  of  the  length  of  the 
rope  with  which  he  is  tied,  and,  broadly  speaking, 
the  salaried  man  of  the  cities  is  tied  with  the  shortest 
Fluvanna  county,  Va.  E.  A.  EIexxicott. 

When  sending  us  the  foregoing,  Mr.  Kennicott 
said:  "It  has  been  my  lot  to  become  acquainted 
with  farming  and  stock-raising  conditions  through 
the  Xorth  and  West,  and  in  no  place  have  I  seen 
equally  good  conditions,  naturally,  as  here.  I  have 
also  seen  corn  and  forage  grown  here  that  are  en- 
tirely convincing  as  to  what  can  be  done."  He  said 
that  a  friend  of  his,  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Chicago 
Daily  Drover,  had  recently  visited  him  in  Fluvanna 
county.  This  was  his  first  visit  to  this  part  of  the 
country  and  he  remarked  that  he  had  never  seen 
such  possibilities  for  sheep  raising  as  in  this  part 
of  the  State  of  Virginia,  though  his  travels  had  been 
considerable,  ilr.  Kennicott  is  one  of  a  class  of  men 
of  whom  we  want  to  see  hundreds  in  the  South.  A 
man  who  realizes  and  knows  what  are  the  possibilities 
of  live-stock  farming  and  who  appreciates  the  truth 
of  what  we  have  so  frequently  asserted,  that  there 
is  no  location  in  the  whole  country  so  well  fitted  in 
every  way  for  the  wideawake,  live  stockman  as  this 
Atlantic  coast  section  of  the  South. — Ed. 


RAISING  COLTS. 
Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Your  correspondent,  "R,"  of  Henderson  county, 
X.  (\,  whose  inquiry  for  "points"  on  raising  colts. 


suggests  that  he  does  not  incline  toward  the  scrub 
product,  as  usually  seen  on  our  farms.  Breeding  and 
raising  colts  is  very  much  like  cropping,  it  depends 
wholly  upon  your  theory  of  what  you  want  to  pro- 
duce. If  you  intend  to  raise  a  first-class  animal  you 
must  begin  the  operation  before  the  colt  is  born  by 
selection  of  dam  and  sire.  An  over-worked,  poorly- 
nourished  mare  cannot  be  expected  to  produce  a 
good  colt  from  a  cross-roads  scrub  sire,  nor  could 
any  mare,  no  matter  how  high  bred,  for  that  matter. 
There  is  a  difi^erence  of  opinion  whether  it  is  best 
for  the  colt  to  be  born  in  the  spring  or  in  the  fall. 
As  a  matter  of  fact,  it  does  not  make  as  much  dif- 
ference as  some  people  imagine,  provided  the  dam 
and  colt  have  the  proper  food  and  nourishment.  The 
dam  should  not  be  worked  but  very  lightly  during 
the  suckling  of  the  foal.  There  are  many  reasons 
for  this.  Among  others,  the  mare  needs  all  her 
nourishment  to  maintain  her  own  physical  condition 
during  the  period  of  suckling  her  foal.  If  she  be- 
comes heated  dtiring  work  it  affects  the  colt  through 
the  milk,  and  the  colt  is  often  injiired  in  following 
its  dam  while  at  work. 

Up  to  the  fourth  month  of  age  the  colt  will  thrive 
on  its  mother's  milk  alone:  at  that  age  it  can  be 
taught  to  eat  finely-ground  oats,  one  cupful,  and 
one  teaspoonful  of  old  process  linseed  oil  meal  twice 
a  day.  At  six  months  this  should  be  increased  to 
line  pint  of  ground  oats  and  two  teaspoonsful  linseed 
meal  twice  a  day.  It  makes  no  difference  whether  the 
colt  is  on  grass  or  hay,  it  should  have  the  grain 
ration.  Beginning  with  the  winter  it  should  have 
one  pint  of  ground  oats,  one  pint  bran  and  one  table- 
>])Oonful  linseed-oil  meal  three  times  a  day  with  a 
light  hay  ration.  Xever  overfeed  colts  with  hay. 
This  can  be  increased  until  at  springtime,  say,  12 
months  old,  it  is  getting  one  quart  ground  oats,  one 
quart  bran,  one  tablespoonful  ("heaping)  of  linseed- 
oil  meal  at  a  feed.  When  ready  for  pasture  nail  a 
small  box  to  a  post  about  the  right  height  for  the 
colt  to  feed  easily  and  give  him  a  quart  of  whole  oats 
morning  and  night.  Keep  a  piece  of  rock  salt  in  the 
box  all  the  time.  If  the  pasture  is  of  poor  quality 
increase  the  oats.  You  cannot  grow  a  good  colt 
without  good  feed.  You  cannot  raise  a  good  crop 
without  good  land  or  plenty  of  fertilizer  for  plant 
food.    This  rule  holds  good  in  90S>  cases  out  of  1,000. 


I  have  often  heard  of  a  scrub  turning  out  to  be  a 
rarely  good  horse,  but  the  other  009  were  scrubs  pure 
and  simple.  Tiie  fact  of  the  matter  is,  you  cannot 
produce  something  from  nothing.  Only  the  Al- 
mighty can  do  that.  You  cannot  raise  a  colt,  cow, 
sheep  or  hog  without  feed :  the  better  the  feed  the 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEE. 


513 


better  the  animal,  provided  always,  it  has  the  proper 
progenitors.  We  do  raise  horses,  cows,  sheep  and  hogs 
without  much  feed,  and  when  we  sell  them  we  do  not 
get  much  for  them;  but  we  get  imich  loss  in  time, 
labor  and  f rnitlessness  of  effort.  One  well  bred,  well 
fed,  well  grown  colt  is  worth  two  or  three  scrubs,  so 
far  as  proiit  goes,  and  worth  twenty  times  as  much 
•=0  far  as  pride  goes,  and  who  has  no  pride? 
MecMenlvrg  county,  Va.  Whitby. 


A   NOTABLE  SHIPMENT  OF  BERKSHIRES   FOR 
BILTMORE  FARM. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Berkshire  breeders  do  not  need  to  l^e  reminded 
of  that  notable  shipment  made  from  the  leading  Eng- 
lish herds  in  1902,  for  they  have  before  them  the 
record  of  the  annual  sale  held  at  Biltmore  on  Feb- 
ruary 3,  1903,  when  the  world's  average  for  Berk- 
shire auction  sales  was  made.  The  soimd  jiidgment 
and  expert  knowledge  displayed  by  Mr.  G,  F.  West- 
ern and  his  most  able  assistant.  Mr.  K.  Gentry,  in 
making  that  notable  importation,  was  more  than  con- 
firmed and  justified  by  the  grand  result  then  obtained. 

E.\perience  has  proved  that,  notwithstanding  the 
-ize  of  the  Biltmore  herd,  it  has  been  of  itself  unable 
after  supplying  the  heavy  requirements  of  private 
customers,  to  accumulate  a  sufficient  reserve  for  its 
annual  sale,  and  hence  for  this  object,  as  well  as  be- 
cause there  is  no  question  but  that  the  results  secured 
from  English  stock  are  such  as  justify  their  impor- 
tation, another  visit  has  just  been  made  to  England, 
and,  to  the  surprise  of  both  Mr.  Weston  and  Mr. 
Gentry,  they  have  been  able  to  secure  for  their  fourth 
importation  a  selection  of  swine  which,  for  their 
grand  breeding,  individual  merit  and  typical  charac 
ter  are  far  ahead  of  any  of  the  previous  importations, 
Why  is  this  so  many  on  your  side  will  naturally  be 
inclined  to  ask.  The  reply  is,  however,  one  easily 
given — namely,  that  the  recuperative  power  of  the 
English  herds  is  so  great  that  were  75  per  cent,  of 
their  best  pigs  taken  the  breeders  would,  with  perfect 
ease,  from  those  left  soon  produce  as  good,  or  even 
a  better,  lot. 

The  main  reasons  why  Mr.  Vanderbilt,  by  the  aid 
of  the  consummate  judgment  and  skill  of  Mr.  Western 
undertakes  these  annual  importations,  is  a  most 
laiidable  one — namely,  the  improvement  of  the  breed 
in  America.  The  experience  at  Biltmore  is  such  that 
there  is  now  no  question  but  that  if  one  desires  to 
secure  the  most  typical  and  best  Berkshires  he  must 
either  secure  the  services  of  an  English  animal  or 
some  of  their  direct  descendants.     This  having  been 


proven  beyond  dispute,  there  is  no  further  occasion 
for  argument,  and  it  may,  therefore,  be  anticipated 
with  certainty  that  the  Biltmore  sale  on  February 
9.  190'  will  prove  equally  as  successful  as  the  pre- 
vious annual  sales  have  been,  which,  like  the  forth- 
coming sale,  consisted  entirely  of  imported  stock. 
The  present  importation  left  England  en  the  19th 
of  .Tune  under  the  personal  control  and  management 
of  that  well-known  expert  and  judge,  Mr.  Gentry, 
and,  like  all  the  preceding  importations,  contained 
only  animals  of  the  very  choicest  pedigree  and  breed- 
ing, which  were  either  themselves  or  their  sires  and 
dams  prize  winners.  In  fact,  none  but  prize  winning 
stock  have  been  taken.  Another,  and  probably 
equally  important  siiie  qua  nan  was  also  made  a  con- 
dition of  selection — namely,  that  no  pig,  no  matter 
how  choice  its  pedigree  or  perfect  its  spnetry,  was 
included  unless  it  had  plenty  of  stamina,  sound  con- 
stitution, good  joints  and  feet  and  that  had  not  in  its 
veins  that  blood  which  had  in  previous  importations 
proved  itself  to  be  speciallv  fitted  for  crossing  with 
American-bred  stock. 

The  present  consignment  of  about  seventy-five 
head  includes  the  following  noted  swine,  which  were 
selected  regardless  of  cost  and  at  about  from  25  to 
30  per  cent,  higher  prices  than  the  previous  importa- 
tion, which  arose  from  two  facts — first,  higher 
quality;  and,  secondly,  on  account  of  the  increased 
demand  for  Berkshires  in  England: 

Taking  the  different  herds  in  order,  we  first  deal 
with  that  record  selection  made  from  the  herd  owned 
by  Mr.  R.  W.  Hudson,  of  Danesfield,  Marlow,  Berk- 
shire, from  which  forty-eight  head  were  selected,  a 
fact  that  at  once  discloses  the  very  exceptional  merit 
of  this  notable  herd.  All  the  show  pigs  of  the  pres- 
ent year,  except  one,  were  taken,  this  one  having  been 
previously  sold.  The  first  selected  was  Danesfield 
AA'arrior,  by  Manor  Favorite  out  of  D.  Porter's  1st, 
tracing  to  the  well  known  Pinnock  blood.  This  boar 
is  a  noted  winner  of  first  and  champion  prizes,  includ- 
ing the  Royal  Show  at  Carlisle.  He  was  left  last 
year  becaiise  he  had  not  then  proved  himself  a  stock 
getter,  this  he  has  done  and  will  be  a  valuable  acqui- 
sition to  any  herd.  1).  Julius,  an  owm  brother  to  this 
Ixiar,  is  now  stud  boar  in  Sir  A.  Henderson's  herd. 
Xine  other  boars  are  included  from  this  herd,  amongst 
them  Danesfield  Huntsman,  First  at  Royal  Coimties 
Show  this  year.  His  own  brother,  who  has  been  bred 
on  many  of  the  imported  sows,  being  also  included. 
The  last  named,  by  a  very  choice  boar  by  Danesfield, 
Haymaker,  out  of  Danesfield  Huntress,  one  of  the 
choicest  strains  of  blood.  The  old  sow,  The  Huntress, 
has  also  been  secured  from  Mr.  E.  Hayter,  and  is  in- 
cluded in  this  consignment.    The  Vain  Maid  blood 


514 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLANTER. 


[August 


is  typically  represented  by  Uanesfield  Swansea,  a 
choicely  bred  boar,  for  he  comes  out  of  a  daughter  of 
old  Vain  Maid,  imported  by  Mr.  Vanderbilt  in  1808, 
and  wliose  produce  has  been  eminently  successful 
wherever  exhibited. 

The  sows  and  gilts  from  Mr.  Hudson  number 
thirty-eiglit  head,  a  notable  lot  they  are,  space 
will  not  allow  of  detailed  mention  of  all,  but 
we  take  a  few  as  typical  of  the  rest.  Gentle  Jane 
is  the  dam  of  Swansea,  stud  boar  at  H.  R. 
H.  Prince  Christian's  farm,  and  a  dam  of  many  win- 
ners, including  the  Royal  Show  from  1901  to  1903. 
Banesfield  Huntress,  to  which  reference-  has  been 
made  above,  and  three  of  her  best  daughters,  all  by 
Lord  Carnarvon's  noted  stud  boar,  Drogheda.  Two 
grandsons  out  of  Danesfield  Mistress  by  Danesfield 
Haymaker,  five  sons  out  of  Danesfield  Governess,  who 
was  not  for  sale,  her  value  being  so  groat.  These  have 
as  their  sire  Danesfield  Loyal,  a  son  of  Loyal  Berks, 
whose  value  is  so  well  known  and  appreciated  in 
America  as  t/i  render  any  further  reference  unneces- 
sary. Then  we  have  that  grand  sow,  Highclere  .57th, 
by  Blenheim,  a  most  valuable  strain  of  blood.  This 
sow's  exportation  is  a  serious  loss  to  the  English  herds 
because  with  her  goes  almost  the  last  of  this  most 
valuable  strain  of  blood;  three  of  her  daughters  go 
with  her.  al!  by  that  notable  boar,  Danesfield  Hay- 
maker: Danesfield  Countess,  out  of  Danesfield 
Duchess  l)y  Manor  Favorite,  served  by  Danesfield 
Loyal,  goes  as  well,  a  grand,  typical  son  of  highest 
merit.  Links  Alive,  by  "NLinor  Very  Choice,  by 
Julius  CjTsar,  is  another  valuable  sow.  Manor  Verv 
Choice  was  sire  of  many  animals  sold  at  Biltmore 
sale  in  1900,  and  is  a  double  cross  of  Ministry  blood, 
a  line  of  blood  that  has  been  most  successful  both  in 
England  and  America. 

^fr.  E.  Haytcr's  grand  herd,  one  of  those  small, 
select  herds  which  are  good  all  through,  supplies  six 
head,  amongst  them  The  Huntress,  a  grand  sow, 
founder  of  her  line  of  blood,  and  one  so  highly  ap- 
preciated at  Biltmore  that  an  effort  is  being  made  to 
secure  the  whole  of  it,  no  less  than  five  generations 
are  now  at  Biltmore.  Tact,  by  Historv^  a  notable 
boar,  being  a  combination  of  very  choice  lines  of 
blood,  is  a  grand  brood  sow,  a  dam  of  prize  winners 
for  two  of  her  gilts  were  at  Andover  in  keen  compe- 
tition and  are  included  in  this  selection,  as  is  also 
Sterling  Bahn,  a  daiighter  of  the  noted  Blenheim, 
out  of  a  Stumpy  Sow.  whose  pedigree  includes  those 
noted  sires  and  dams  ]\rinistry,  Hampton  Park,  by 
Longstock,  out  of  Wicket  Lass.  The  other  animal 
from  this  herd  is  Lord  Lyon,  by  Hand.\Tnan,  im- 
ported as  a  stud  boar  for  Biltmore.  He  will  not  be 
inclnded  in  the  snle  unless  later  arrangements  cause 


alteration.  He  is  about  the  best  boar  that  has  left 
England  for  many  a  day,  and  his  stock,  if  all  goes 
well,  will  be  of  the  highest  value. 

Mr.  C.  C.  Smith's  herd  provides  a  very  typical  lot 
of  sows,  mainly  of  the  Rubicell  blood,  as  represented 
b>-  that  grand  old  sow.  Old  Queen  of  Hearts,  already 
well  known  to  Americans  bj'  her  produce  at  previous 
sales.  These  are  sired  by  Lisle  Grand  Ltike  1st  at 
Andover;  2d  at  Southampton,  and  2d  at  the  Bath 
and  West  of  England  in  190.3,  two  other  gilts  by  Col- 
lege Boy,  out  of  Lisle  Duchess,  a  thoroughly  typical 
lot  of  highest  merit.  A  pair  of  specially  well  bred 
sons  from  Mr.  P.  L.  Mills  of  the  noted  Melody  strain 
of  blood,  by  Flagstaff,  and  a  selection  of  special 
merit  and  quality  concludes  this  most  notable  ship- 
7nent,  which  takes  from  England  some  of  the  choicest 
of  her  Berkshires  to  enrich  and  improve  those  of 
.Vmerica.  W.  W.  Chapm-^ts-. 

London,  England. 


TICKS  ON  CATTLE. 

luiilor  Southern  Planter: 

Referring  to  your  remedy  for  ticks  on  cattle,  in 
reply  to  inquirv  from  T.  C.  Massie,  please  allow  me 
to  suggest  a  better  and  simpler  one :  Mix  equal  parts 
of  common  table  salt  and  sulphur,  pulverize  and  put 
in  the  throughs  or  on  any  clean,  hard  surface  where 
the  cattle  can  lick  it,  giving  as  much  as  they  will 
lick  up  clean,  say,  as  much  as  can  be  picked  up  in 
tjhe  hand,  and  give  i-egularly  once  a  week  during 
the  tick  season.  If  ticks  are  very  bad  three  parts 
sulphur  to  one  part  salt  can  be  used.  The  sulphur 
works  out  through  the  pores  of  the  skin,  making  the 
ticks  drop  off",  and  it  is  also  a  fine  blood  purifier, 
keeping  cattle  and  all  kinds  of  stock  in  excellent  con- 
dition. The  cattle  seem  to  like  it,  and  mine  lick  it 
up  clean.  T  put  it  on  clean,  flat  rocks,  boards,  in 
troughs,  or  if  none  of  these  are  convenient  on  bare, 
hard  ground. 

I  started  out  this  year  to  keep  my  cattle  free  from 
ticks  if  possible,  and  had  often  heard  of  the  sulphur 
remedy  before,  but  had  never  given  a  thorough  and 
persistent  trial.  T  put  my  cattle  on  pasture  IMarch 
30th,  and  at  first  gave  them  a  mixture  of  one  part 
sulphur  to  three  parts  salt.  First  ticks  appeared 
April  37th,  and  T  at  once  increased  the  sulphur  to 
one  half.  Since  then  my  cattle  have  been  compara- 
tively free  of  ticks  and  in  first-class  condition  in 
every  way.  Occasionally  I  will  see  one  with  a  few 
ticks,  but  they  do  not  amount  to  anything.  Last  vear 
they  were  covered  with  ticks.  The  mixture  must  be 
thoroughly  pulverized  and  mixed  together,  and  given 
once  or  twice  a  week,  as  necessity  demands. 

Lnfaypfle  mvniv.  Ala.  Wat-tkk  A^'nRvw^ 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTEK. 


515 


The  Poultry  Yard. 


EGGS  AND  THE  COST  OF  PRODUCTION. 

In  our  October  issue  last  year  we  published  a  re- 
port giving  the  results  of  co-operative  experiments 
made  in  jSTew  Yoi'k  State  with  a  number  of  different 
flocks  of  poultry  to  ascertain  the  average  cost  of 
winter  egg  production.  The  experiment  was  under 
the  supervision  of  the  Cornell  Experiment  Station. 
This  experiment,  which  concluded  in  March,  1902, 
was  continued  with  four  of  the  flocks  then  amalga- 
mated into  three,  so  as  to  cover  a  whole  year.  The 
flocks  experimented  with  were  A,  B  and  C  and  K. 
The  following  report  gives  the  result  of  the  year's 
work : 

YEARLY  PRODUCTION  OF  EGGS. 

Average       Total  No.  of      Average  No.    Average  daily 


Flock. 

number  of 

eggs 

of  eggs 

production  per 

hens. 

produced. 

per  hen. 

100  hens. 

A 

508i 

59446 

116.9 

31.3 

Band  C.  . 

2891 

39813 

137.4 

36  8 

K 

308| 

41641 

134.8 

36. 

Average.  . 

129  7 

34.7 

It  will  be  seen  by  the  above  that  the  average  num- 
ber of  eggs  produced  per  hen  is  miich  less  than  that 
often  claimed.  Records  of  200  eggs  and  more  per 
hen  have  been  frequently  published  in  the  agricul- 
tural press  and  elsewhere.  Inasmuch  as  these  flocks 
represent  the  better  class  of  poultrymen,  and  the 
fowls  were  in  all  probability  much  better  fed  and 
eared  for  than  average  flocks,  it  would  seem  that  all 
claimed  records  of  more  than  150  eggs  per  hen  per 
year  should  be  abundantly  verified  before  being 
accepted. 

FOOD  CO.S,T  OF  ONE  DOZEN  EGGS. 

The  average  monthly  food  cost  of  one  dozen  eggs 
for  each  flock  per  year  was:  For  Flock  A,  10.1 
cents :  Flock  B  and  C,  7.7  cents ;  Flock  K,  10.  Ave- 
rage, 9.2  cents.     Average  selling  price,  21.4  cents, 

PROFIT  AND  LOSS. 

By  "profit  and  loss''  is  simply  meant  the  relation 
between  the  cost  of  the  food  consumed  and  the  value 
of  the  eggs  produced  at  market  rates.  No  account  is 
made  of  anything  else,  and  it  is,  therefore,  not  really 
a  discussion  of  profit  and  loss,  but  the  term  is  used 
for  want  of  a  better.  In  the  table  below  is  given  for 
each  flock  the  total  cost  of  food,  the  total  value  of 
product  at  market  rates,  the  total  profit  and  the  ave- 
rage profit  per  hen. 

PROFIT  (excess  OF  PRODUCT  OVER  COST  OF  FOOD.) 

.„pr„„p      Total          Cost  of  Value                         "Profit" 

^""^^-      number       cost  of           food  of            "Profit."         per 

food.         per  hen.  eggs.                                hen. 

A 508J      $499.58      $.982      11060.72     $561.14       $1.10 

BandC. .    2s9f       257.10         .887         694.38      437.28         1.51 
K 3081       347.85        1.119         757.18      409.33         1.33 

Average .996  1.31 


It  will  be  seen  that  it  cost  just  about  $1  each  to 
feed  the  1,200  fowls  under  experiment  for  one  year, 
and  that  the  value  of  the  eggs  at  market  rates  ex- 
ceeded the  cost  of  food  by  $1.31  each.  From  this 
must  come  the  cost  of  labor,  interest  on  investment 
and  equipment  and  profit  to  the  owner.  Of  the 
gross  income  very  nearly  4-4  per  cent,  was  required 
for  food,  leaving  56  per  cent,  for  cost  of  labor,  in- 
terest on  investment  and  profit. 

CONCLUSIONS. 

In  the  year  from  December  1,  1901,  to  IsTovember 
30,  1902,  in  three  flocks  representing  1,250  fowls,  the 
average  daily  production  of  eggs  was  34.7  per  cent. 

The  total  veai-ly  production  per  hen  averaged  129.7 
eggs. 

The  average  food  cost  of  one  dozen  eggs  for  the 
year  was  9.2  cents. 

The  average  cost  of  feeding  a  hen  for  the  year  was 
99.6  cents. 

The  average  value  of  the  eggs  at  market  rates  ex- 
ceeded the  cost  of  food  by  $1.31  per  hen. 

Forty-four  per  cent,  of  the  total  value  of  product 
Avas  required  for  food. 


DON'T  WE  KEEP  TOO  MANY  ROOSTERS? 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

I  see  in  July  Planter  you  say  to  "Enquirer"  not 
to  keep  over  twenty  hens  to  one  rooster.  Now,  Mr. 
Editor,  I  would  like  for  you  to  unravel  a  puzzle  of 
mine.  It  is  this :  Last  February  and  March  I  had 
from  400  to  500  hens  and  about  twenty-five 
roosters.  I  set  in  those  months  130  hens,  which  all 
hatched  out  by  the  middle  of  April  about  1,600 
chickens.  As  I  did  not  wish  to  set  any  more  eggs  I 
disposed  of  my  roosters  except  four.  Those  I  kept 
to  do  the  crowing  for  the  farm.  I  have  raised  to 
eating  size  1,500  chickens.  ISTow,  in  the  last  few 
days  two  hens  that  stole  their  nests  have  come  out 
and  brought  twenty  beautiful  chickens.  We  have 
found  the  nests  and  one  hen  sat  on  eleven  eggs  and 
the  other  on  twelve  eggs — only  three  this  hot  weather 
that  did  not  hatch  and  one  rooster  to  100  hens.  Now, 
this  is  my  puzzle.  Will  you  be  so  kind  as  to  answer, 
and  oblige  your  friend,  John  O.  Otey. 

Charles  City  county,  Va. 

Our  friend  puts  to  us  a  poser.  When  we  advised 
keeping  one  rooster  to  twenty  or  twenty-five  hens 
we  wrote  from  our  long  practical  experience  in 
poultry -keeping,  during  which  time  we  had  always 
found  that  we  got  best  results  from  about  this  pro- 
portion. We  have  known  good  hatches  to  come  from 
eggs  where  only  one  rooster  ran  with  fifty  hens,  but 


516 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[August 


this  is  very  uncertain  in  our  experience.  Every 
poultry  keeper  knows  that  roosters  have,  like  human 
beings,  their  favorites  amongst  the  female  members 
of  their  Hocks  and  will  be  found  always  consorting 
more  continuously  with  these  than  with  the  whole 
flock.  The  larger  the  flock  the  greater  the  proportion 
of  neglected  hens  and  the  larger  the  percentage  of 
unfertilized  eggs.  In  explanation  of  the  good 
hatches  made  by  the  two  hens  mentioned  it  may  be, 
and  probably  was,  the  case  that  these  two  hens  were 
favorites  with  one  of  the  roosters  and  hence  the  fer- 
tility of  the  eggs.  We  know  it  to  be  possible  to  keep 
too  many  roosters  for  the  best  fertility  of  the  eggs. 
Between  this  and  keeping  too  few  there  is,  no  doubt, 
a  considerable  margin,  but  we  are  inclined  to  the  be- 
lief that  we  came  near  the  correct  proportion  in  the 
figures  named.  What  say  others  on  this  subject? — 
Ed. 


HAWKS  AGAIN. 
Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Will  some  of  the  gentlemen  who  have  been  kind 
enough  to  give  the  information  about  killing  hawks 
with  strychnine  help  me  a  little  further  on  the  same 
subject  while  the  case  is  up  ? 

I  have  tried  to  keep  hens  for  laying  purposes,  and 
only  raise  enough  chickens  to  keep  the  stock  up,  and 
i  although  the  information  about  young  chickens  is 
very  valuable,  it  does  not  meet  my  ease,  which  i 
this :  When  T  do  not  have  young  chickens  the  hawks 
take  the  hens,  and  you  know  the  best  layers  are 
always  the  greatest  foragers  and  will  wander  far 
from  the  house,  so  that  it  is  impossible  to  watch  them 
The  hawk?  then  strike  them  down  a  long  distance 
away  and  cat  them  on  the  spot.  The  hawks  have 
grown  so  cunning  that  to  trap  or  shoot  them  is  out 
of  the  question.  N^ow,  what  I  want  to  know  is,  can 
I  give  strychnine  to  the  grown  hens  so  as  to  be  effec- 
tual in  killing  the  hawks  and  not  hurt  the  eggs  for 
eating  or  hatching  purposes  ?  As  this  poison  gets 
assimilated  with  the  blood  will  it  not  affect  the  eggs 
more  or  less? 

If  any  one  can  answer  they  will  help  me  very 
much,  for  I  can  scarcely  keep  a  hen  on  the  place, 
much  less  make  anything  by  them. 

Chesterfield  county,  Va.  H.  Denhurst. 


GAPES. 

To  an  enquirer  in  July  I  give  my  preventative 
and  remedy  for  gapes.  Mix  a  small  quantity  of  red 
pepper,    pulverized    for   cayenne'!    -with    the   dough. 


say,  four  or  i\\e  times  during  the  time  the  chickens 
are  small  and  most  liable  to  the  disease.  A  little  ex- 
perience will  tell  how  long  this  will  be  necessary. 
This  has  always  with  me  been  a  certain  preventative. 

One  day  I  obser\ed  a  little  chicken  gaping.  I 
procured  a  pinch  of  black  pepper,  inserted  it  in  his 
mouth,  dropped  him  and  off  he  went  rejoicing.  I 
observed  the  brood  more  closelv  and  nearly  all  had 
gapes.  Same  treatment  cured  all  completely,  and  at 
once.    This  is  my  remedy.  S.  E.  Morgan. 

Wood  county,  W.  Va. 


LICE. 


I  notice  several  persons  are  enquiring  through 
your  columns  for  a  preventative  of  vermin  in  poti^- 
try  houses.  One  that  we  have  tried  and  found  very 
eftective  is  common  coal  tar.  Simply  paint  the 
nests  and  roosts  with  it  and  they  disappear  as  if  by 
magic. 

It  is  also  good  to  dab  a  little  on  the  hogs*  backs 
with  a  paddle,  but  be  careful  not  to  rub-  it  in  too 
much  or  it  will  cause  the  skin  to  peel. 

Louisa  county,  Va.  J.  E.  Tiiom.as?o:\-. 


THE  TOMATO  AN  INSECT  REPELLER. 

"I  planted  a  peach  orchard,"  writes. M.  Siroy,  of 
the  Society  of  Horticulture,  "and  the  trees  grew 
srrongly.  They  had  just  commenced  to  bud  when 
invaded  by  the  curculio  fpulyon),  which  insects  were 
followed,  as  frequently  happen^,  by  ants.  Having 
cut  some  tomatoes,  the  idea  occurred  to  me  that  by 
placing  some  of  the  leaves  around  the  trunks  and 
branches  of  the  peach  trees  I  might  preserve  them 
from  the  rays  of  the  sun,  which  are  very  powerful. 
My  surprise  was  great  upon  the  following  day  to  find 
the  trees  entirely  free  from  their  enemies,  not  one 
remaining,  except  her  and  there,  where  a  curled  leaf 
prevented  the  tomato  from  exercising  its  influence 
These  leaves  I  carefully  unrolled,  placing  upon  them 
fresh  ones  from  the  tomato  vine,  with  the  result  of 
banishing  the  last  insect  and  enabling  the  trees  to 
grow  with  luxuriance.  Wishing  to  carry  my  experi- 
ment still  further,  I  steeped  some 'leaves  of  the 
tomato  in  water  and  sprinkled  this  infusion  on  other 
plants,  roses  and  oranges.  In  two  days  these  were 
^.Iso  free  from  the  innumerable  insects  which  covered 
them,  and  I  feel  sure  that  had  I  used  the  same  means 
w  ith  njy  melon  ])atch  I  should  have  met  with  the  same 
result.  I,  therefore,  deem  it  a  duty  I  owe  to  the 
Society  of  Horticulture  to  make  tno\vn  this  singular 
and  useful  property  of  the  tomato  leaves." 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


517 


The    Horse. 


NOTES. 

The_Virginia  Circuit  of  horse  shows  has  assumed 
much  greater  importance  ttan  its  originators  even 
looked  for,  and  the  present  season  promises  to  be 
the  most  successful  in  its  history.  The  horse  show 
is  *  an  educator  and  certainly  merits  the  generous 
patronage  so  freely  accorded  it  by  the  best  people  of 
the  commimities  in  which  its  exhibitions  are  held 
It  opens  and  provides  markets  for  our  highest  class 
horses  and  has  been  of  untold  benefit  in  encouraging 
and  promoting  the  breeding  interest.  The  season  be 
gan  with  a  fine  show  at  Leesburg  in  June  and  was 
followed  by  another  of  equal  merit  at  Upperville 
during  the  same  month.  Then  those  at  Culpeper, 
Manassas  and  Orange  came  off  in  July.  During  the 
present  month  the  Front  Royal  show  is  booked  for 
tjhe  .5th  and  6th;  Berryville  the  12th  and  13th 
Harrisonburg  the  19th  and  20th,  and  Warrenton  the 
26th  and  27lh.  The  dates  fixed  for  Charlottesville 
are  September  2d  and  3d,  which  marks  the  last  of  the 
open-air  affairs,  and  then  the  scene  shifts  to  Lynch- 
burg, where  active  preparations  are  being  made  for  a 
high-class  show  during  the  week  of  October  7th  to 
10th,  to  be  held  in  the  amphitheatre  ferected  for  the 
purpose.  The  Richmond  Horse  Show  will  come  off 
during  the  week  of  October  12th  to  I7th,  and  will' be 
the  greatest  affair  of  the  kind  ever  seen  in  the  South. 
It  has  also  been  decided  to  hold  a  show  atNorfolk,  to 
follow  right  after  Richmond,  and  substantial  men 
are  backing  the  venture  and  will  doubtless  make  it 
a  success. 


Recent  foals  at  Belgravia  Farm,  Mount  Jackson, 
Va.,  the  property  of  James  Cox,  include  a  bay  filly 
by  Kelley,  2:27;  dam  Frances  S.  Dayton,  2:27  3-4, 
by  Cadmus;  second  dam,  Daisy  DaVton,  of  Lake 
Erie,  2:13  1-2,  etc.,  and  a  bay  colt  by  Kelly,  dam 
Cherie,  by  Axtelloid ;  second  dam  Lady  Purdy,  the 
sister  to  Charlie  C,  2:13  1-4,  by  Sam  Purdy.  The 
colt  is  stoutly  made  and  rather  on  the  coarse  order 
of  its  dam;  but  the  filly  has  all  of  the  exquisite 
quality  and  elegance  of  Kelly,  son  of  Electioneer 
and  famous  thoroughbred  Esther,  dam  of  Expres- 
sive, 3,  2:12  1-2,  ^hat  heads  the  Belgravia  stud. 
Kelly  has  a  record  of  2  :27,  but  in  his  work  while 
being  trained  could  show  two  minute  flights  of  speed. 
Lucy  Montrose,  the  bay  mare  4,  bred  and  owned 
at  Belgravia,  is  in  the  stable  of  Tom  Cannon  at  Bal- 
timore, as  is  Helen  Wilmer,  the  chestniit  filly  2, 
both  of  whom  are  by  Kelly.  Lucy  Montrose  shows 
speed  and  is  highly  thought  of,  but  for  elegance  of 
form,  beautv  and  finish  Helen  Wilmer  is  not  sur- 


passed by  a  2  year  old  in  all  Virginia.  She  is  out 
of  the  great  brood  mare  Erena,  2 :19  3-4,  dam  of 
AUercyone,  2:17  1-4,  etc.,  by  Alcyone,  2:27,  son  of 
George  Wilkes  and  Alma  Mater. 

Virginia  horses  made  quite  a  clever  impression  at 
the  recent  Atlantic  City  Horse  Show,  especially  those 
from  the  stables  of  ('harles  H.  Hurkamp,  of  the 
Boscobel  Farm,  Fredericksburg,  and  Courtland  H. 
Smith,  Hampton  Farm,  Alexandria.  The  Boscobel 
horses  were  badly  shaken  up  by  the  car  being  struck 
heavily  jiist  before  shipment,  and  all  of  them  were 
thrown  down.  Amaret,  the  crack  high  jumper,  and 
Hornpipe,  the  sturdy  roan  heavy-weight  hunter,  both 
escaped  with  shaking  up,  but  Field  Marshal,  Meadow 
PUime  and  Colonel  Hawkins  were  not  so  fortunate, 
and  sustained  considerable  injury.  Hornpipe  was 
first  in  the  class  for  heavy-weight  hunters  and  Amaret 
second  in  that  for  jumpers,  open  to  all,  his  success- 
ful competitor  for  first  being  the  noted  Heather- 
bloom. 

Lucy  Sutherland,  from  the  Hampton  stable,  was 
first  in  the  classes  for  light-weight  hunters,  gi-een, 
and  in  that  for  thoroughbred  hunters.  This  good- 
looking  bay  daughter  of  St.  Carolus  and  Expensive, 
by  Spendthrift,  was  formerly  a  member  of  the  brood 
mare  band  at  Hampton,  but  since  being  taken  up  and 
schooled  to  jump  she  has  developed  into  a  performer 
of  real  class.  Among  the  competitors  in  the  field 
for  thoroughbred  hunters  were  the  brown  gelding 
Joker,  owned  by  T.  L.  Evans,  of  Warrenton,  and 
Colonel  Hawkins,  from  the  Boscobel  stable.  The 
two  last  named  came  second  and  third.  In  Class  38, 
open  himt  clubs,  for  best  three  hunters  from  one 
bunt,  ridden  by  members  or  subscribers  of  the  re- 
spective hunts  in  the  hunt  uniformj  the  blue  ribbon 
went  to  the  Cameron  Hunt  Club,  Alexandria,  and 
the  red  to  the  Deep  Run  Hunt  Club,  of  Richmond. 
.^      jt      jt 

One  of  the  most  prominent  and  probably  the  best 
known  of  North  Carolina  breeding  establishments  is 
beautiful  Alamance  Farm  with  its  thousand^  d£ 
fertile  acres  near  the  busy  manufacturing  town  of 
Graham,  and  it  is  there  that  L.  Banks  Holt,  a 
wealthy  cotton  factor,  banker,  man  of  affairs,  breeder 
and  owner  of  trotters  and  pacers  makes  his  home  and 
dispenses  hospitality  of  the  typical  southern  kind. 
John  R.  Gentry,  2 :00  1-2,  ex-pacing  King,  ^d  one 
of  the  gi'eatest  and  handsomest  of  trotting  bred 
lateral  gaited  performers,  was  formerly  a  member  of 
the  Alamance  stud,  and  some  of  his  get  are  there 


518 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[August 


now,  among  them  the  beautiful  brown  stallion,  Giles 
^lebane.  who  now  heads  the  farm.  He  has  a  pacing 
record  of  2:1fi3-4,  and  is  out  of  the  great  brood 
mare,  Winnie  D.,  dam  of  four  in  the  list  and  others 
to  follow.  Gregorian,  2  :20  3-4,  the  sire  of  Glencoe, 
2:16  1-4,  and  other  good  horses,  is  the  stud  com- 
panion of  Giles  Mebane,  while  the  brood  mare  band 
includes  Winnie  D.  and  Blondette.  dam  of  Governor 
Holt,  2:15,  and  Eliza  Ingram,  2:21  1-4. 

jt  Jt  Jt 
In  Pet«r  Paul,  Robert  Bradley  has  a  worthy  suc- 
cessor to  Roliert  Waddell,  the  noted  son  of  Aloha 
that  won  the  American  Derby  in  1001.  Peter  Paul 
is  also  by  Aloha,  and,  like  Robert  Waddell,  may  be 
returned  a  winner  of  the  American  Derby,  as  he  is 
entered  in  that  event  for  1'J03.  This  2-year-old 
unsexed  son  of  Aloha  was  bred  at  Mr.  Bradley's 
Greenway  Farm,  near  Wilcox  Wharf,  and  has  clearly 
shown  himself  to  be  one  of  the  greatest  youngsters 
out  this  season,  as  he  retains  his  form  and  wins  about 
two  races  each  week  on  average.  Peter  Paul's  dam, 
Eminence,  the  daughter  of  Imp.  Kyrle  Daly,  is 
owned  at  Greenway,  and  was  bred  again  last  spring 
to  ^Vloha.  The  latter  is  iNfr.  Bradley's  principal 
stallion,  and  at  18  is  vigorous  and  well  preserved. 
Little  chance  has  been  given  the  brown  son  of  Imp. 
St.  Mungo  to  distinguish  himself  as  a  sire,  but  his 
get  are  coming  to  the  front  as  race  winners,  never- 
theless. 

^      Jt      Jt 

The  annual  catalogue  and  prize  list  of  the  Rock- 
ingham Hor«e  and  Colt  Show  Association  has  been 
issued,  and  premiums  are  offered  for  thoroughbreds, 
trotters,  high  stepping  harness  horses,  park  saddlers, 
hacknevs  and  various  othtr  classes.  The  show  will 
be  held  at  Harrisonburg  Augtist  10th  and  20th,  and 
is  one  of  the  most  important  in  the  Virginia  circuit, 
being  right  in  the  midst  of  a  big  breeding  and  grazing 
district  !Mr.  J.  Samuel  Harnslierger  is  the  presi- 
dent of  the  Association,  and  Dr.  John  A.  Myers  has 
served  as  secretary  for  years  past,  while  the  board  of 
directors  is  made  up  of  these  gentlemen  along  with 
other  well  known  and  prominent  breeders  and  stock 
raisers  in  the  '"Valley  of  Virginia." 

^fr.  Henry  L.  L^pshur,  of  the  Elkington  Farm. 
East^ille,  Va.,  who  is  one  of  the  best  kno^-n  owners 
and  breeders  of  trotters  and  pacers  on  the  Eastern 
Shore,  writes  us  that  his  horses  are  all  doing  well. 
Salem,  son  of  Iroquois  and  Fernwood,  by  Lance- 
wood,  is  the  premier  sire  at  Elkington,  and  some  of 
his  get  are  being  worked  for  speed  over  the  half  mile 
track  at  the  farm.  Sam  Patch,  2  :23;},  the  bay  geld- 
ing by  Salem,  dam  Pansy,  by  Bajardo,  is  in  train- 
ing, and  will  be  raced  again  this  season.  He  is  in 
fine  shape  and  will  be  likely  to  materially  reduce  his 
record.     Hardv  H.,  bv  Salem,  has  trotted  to  a  re- 


cord of  2  :17^  this  season  in  a  long  drawn  out  race. 

and    Sam    Patch    is    considered    equally    as    fast. 

Among  others  in  the  training  stable  at  Elkington  are 

iNlonnie  J.,  bay  mare,  4,  by  Salem ;  bay  gelding,  1.  by 

^^^lite  Tip,  dam  by  Lancelot,  fast  but  erratic;  and  a 

couple  of  promising  three-year-old  colts,  one  owned 

bv   Albert  Savage,   Stewart's  AVharf,   Va.,   and  the 

other  by  W.  Gibb,  Capeville,  Va.     The  Savage  colt 

was  sired  by  Bursar,  2 :1T^,  the  dead  son  of  Stranger, 

dam,  the  dam  of  Stella,  2 :24|.     He  is  a  pure  gaited 

trotter  and  promises  speed  and  race  horse  quality 

of  a  high  order. 

^      ^      ^ 

One  of  the  best  looking  yearlings  around  here  is 
the  bay  colt  by  Eloroy,  2  :14  3-4,  dam  Fern,  2 :18  3-4, 
by  Petoskey,  owned  by  his  breeder,  W.  H.  Xelson. 
Eloroy,  the  son  of  Simmons,  that  sired  this  youngster, 
Avas  a  horse  of  more  than  ordinary  finish,  looks  and 
speed,  and  highly  regarded  by  the  Nelsons,  who  sold 
him  for  export  to  Austria  in  1002.  Fern,  the  dam, 
is  now  owned  by  Luther  Libby,  who  bred  her  this 
season  to  Great  Stakes.  2  :20,  and  she  appears  to  be 
in  foal  to  that  good  son  of  Billy  Thomhill. 

Dr.  J.  T.  J.  Battle,  of  Greens  boro,  N.  C,  has  sold 
to  George  R.  Richmond,  who  ti-ains  at  the  Deep  Run 
Hunt  Club  track,  this  citr,  the  bav  pacing  gelding 
Doug.  Thomas,  2:16f,  by 'Blue  Hal.  This  horse  is 
mtich  faster  than  his  record  indicates,  as  in  the 
hands  of  T.  INf.  Arrasmith  he  paced  a  trial  in  2 :105 
last  fall.  The  price  was  close  to  $1,000,  and  to 
Richmond  the  big  son  of  Blue  Hal  is  worth  the 
money. 

jt     ^      .^ 

Among  the  thorouglibred  foals  of  1003,  the  prop- 
ertyl  of  P.  S.  Hunter,  Loretto,  Va.,  dropped  at 
Otterbitm  Stud,  are  a  bay  filly,  by  Judge  Morrow, 
dam  Ginka,  by  imp.  Emperor,  and  a  bay  colt,  by  the 
~ame  sire  from  Sneeze,  by  imp.  ilorte'mer.  Judge 
Morrow,  the  son  of  Vagabond,  that  heads  Mr.  Hun- 
ter's stud,  was  a  crack  race  horse,  and  will  most  likelv 
sire  winners.  Broad  Rock.  ' 

v!«        J*        jt 

Ta:  Kerr  reports  tlic  following  foals  at  Antrim 
Stud,  Warrenton,  Va. : 

January  31st,  Valorous,  by  imp.  Stalwart- 
Minority,  a  bay  or  brown  colt  by  Chorister. 

February  10th,  Onslea,  by  Fremont-Nellie  Van,  a 
bay  colt  by  Chorister. 

April  ibth,  Bona  Dea.  by  imp.  Eolus  Sis  O'Lee, 
a  bay  colt  by  Chorister. 

"May  18th,  Merrie  Antoinette,  by  Buchaman-High- 
lander  mare,  a  bay  colt  by  Chorister. 

April  30th,  Chestnut  Mare,  by  Knight  of  Eller- 
slie-  Pogeine,  a  bay  colt  by  Chorister. 

May  12th,  Thirty,  by  St  Blaze-Habinera.  a  bay 
colt  bv  Chorister. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


519 


Miscellaneous. 


THE  VIRGINIA  CROP  PEST  LAW. 

The  Virg-inia  Crop  Pest  Commissioners  invite 
attention  to  the  provisions  of  the  act  passed  bv  the 
Legislature  amending  the  law  and  providing  funds 
for  more  etticient  dealing  with  some  of  the  serions 
pests  like  San  .fose  scale.  The  Commission  has  been 
reorganized,  and  has  prepared  a  bulletin  setting  forth 
the  terms  of  the  laM',  and  pointing  out  the  lines  of 
work  thoiight  to  be  most  exjDedient.  Acopy  of  this 
bulletin  can  be  obtained  on  application  to  Professor 
J.  L.  Phillips,  the  State  Entomologist,  Experiment 
Station,  Blaeksbnrgr,  Va. 


VIRGINIA  AT  THE  ST.  LOUIS  EXPOSITION. 

The  Commission  appointed  for  collecting  and  ar- 
ranging the  exhibit  of  Virginia  at  the  Exposition  is 
actively  engaged  in  securing  exhibits,  and  asks  that  all 
who  desire  to  see  Virginia  well  represented  will  com- 
municate with  them  as  to  anything  worthy  of  being- 
exhibited.  An  effort  is  being  made  to  erect  on  the 
grounds  at  St.  Louis  a  State  building  as  a  centre  for 
the  distribiition  of  matter  calculated  to  help  in  the  ad- 
vancement of  the  interests  of  the  State.  The  Com- 
mission has  no  power  to  use  any  of  the  money  appro- 
priated by  the  State  for  this  purpose.  If,  therefore, 
a  building  is  to  be  erected  it  will  have  to  be  by  public 
subscription.  Any  who  may  desire  to  help  in  this 
matter  should  send  their  contributions  to  the  Com- 
missioners, care  of  the  State  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture, Richmond,  Va. 


SALE  OF  PURE  BRED  SHORT  HORNS. 

Major  W.  W.  Bentley,  of  Pulaski  county,  Va.,  and 
Major  J.  T.  Cowan,  of  Montgomery  county,  Va., 
'both  well  known  and  long  time  breeders  of  the  finest 
strains  of  Short  Horns,  announce  in  this  issue  a  sale 
of  fine  stock.  Major  Bentley  will  practically  sell 
the  whole  of  his  herd,  only  reserving  a  few  animals. 
The  reputation  he  has  sustained  for  a  lifetime  for 
breeding  only  the  choicest  strains  and  the  finest  gi-own 
cattle  will  be  sustained  by  the  animals  he  will  offer. 
The  draft  from  Major  Cowan's  well  known  herd  will 
include  some  finely  bred  animals.  We  bespeak  for 
these  gentlemen  a  good  attendance  at  the  sale  and 
hope  to  hear  that  good  prices  have  been  realized. 
Those  who  want  Short  Horns — and  a  better  breed  of 
beef  and  milk  producing   stock    cannot   be  kept — 


should  ninke  a  note  of  the  date  of  sale  and  be  on  hand. 
The  sale  will  take  place  at  Radford,  on  the  Norfolk 
and  Western  Railroad,  and  will  therefore  be  con- 
venient for  attendance. 


HOGS  AND  STRYCHNINE. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

I  see  a  communication  from  Burfort,  S.  C,  from 
Senex,  saying  strychnine  would  not  kill  hogs.  I  was 
once  bothered,  as  he  says,  that  certain  parts  of  Geor- 
gia were,  with  hog  thieves.  I  had  gathered  my  com 
from  the  river  bottoms,  and  was  going  to  turn  my 
Jiogs  out  to  glean  the  fields.  T  had  heard  that  feed- 
ing hogs  strychnine  would  kill  the  thief,  and  not  hurt 
the  hogs.  I  put  about  a  teaspoonful  of  strychnine  in 
slop  for  thirty  hogs.  The  first  eleven  that  got  a 
swallow  or  two  died.  Some  of  them  did  not  take 
time  to  turn  over.  They  were  dead  almost  before 
jow  could  say  "scat,"  and  I  believe  it  would  have 
killed  the  whole  thirty  if  I  had  let  them  eat  the  slop. 
The  hogs  weighed  from  two  to  two  hundred  and  fifty 
pounds.  I  never  lost  any  more  hogs  by  thieves  or 
strychnine.  Would  like  "Senex"  to  explain  why 
strychnine  killed  my  hogs.  Let  those  who  want  to 
catch  hog  thieves  by  poisoning  hogs  be  careful  or 
they  will^get  the  hog  first.  I  have  used  strychnine  on 
a  good  many,  things,  and  have  never  had  it  fail  on 
anything  that  had  an  eye  or  heart,  even  if  it  was 
born  or  hatched  blind.  I  hope  the  letter  of  Senex 
will  not  catch  any  one  as  T  was  caught  by  relying 
on  the  old  saying,  "Poison  the  hog  to  catch  the  thief." 
I  cannot  see  how  any  animal  can  get  enough  poison 
in  its  system  by  taking  it  to  kill  another  animal  or 
man  without  serious  effects. 

Stjbsceibek. 
Chester  county,  S.  C. 


CROPS  AND  STOCK  IN  PULASKI  CO.,  VA. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

The  season  has  improved  things  for  us  very  much 
in  the  last  month.  But  the  crops  still  show  the  ef- 
fects of  the  drouth  in  the  early  season.  The  cattle 
market  is  very  unsatisfactory.  Cattle  in  the  county 
are  fiiUy  up  to  the  standard  at  this  season  of  the 
year,  notwithstanding  the  short  feed  crops  of  last 
year,   only  the  price   seems   wanting.     We  have  no 


520 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[August 


complaints,  through  the  press  or  otherwise,  against 
the  beef  trust,  oulv  the  fanner  suffers  this  time.  The 
spring  lambs  have  helped  us  some,  as  they  have  so 
far  brought  fairly  good  prices,  and  this  county  fur- 
nishes quite  a  large  supply  to  the  Northern  markets. 
There  was  shipped  to  Jersey  City  on  June  1st  one 
carload  of  half  Suffolk  Down  lambs,  every  one  a 
black  face,  and  the  average  weight  was  90  pounds. 
Thcv  brought  a  quarter  of  a  cent  per  pound  over  the 
top  of  the  market.  If  any  county  in  the  State  can 
heat  that  for  the  same  date  of  shipment,  we  would 
like  to  hear  from  them.  The  Suffolk  has  so  far 
proven  to  be  an  excellent  cross  on  our  native  and 
high  grade  sheep.  They  are  large  and  handsome, 
with  very  black  faces  and  legs.  The  cross  rarely 
ever  fails  to  bear  in  a  marked  degree  these  charac- 
teristics. It  is  the  most  striking  and  attractive  bred 
of  sheep  I  have  ever  seen.  I  believe  your  excellent 
paper  better  adapted  to  the  practical  use  of  the  Vir- 
s:inia  farmr  than  any  other  agricultural  paper  in 
the  country.  I  wish  it  came  every  week  instead  of 
once  a  month.  D  .  M.  Clotd. 

Pulaski  Co.,  Va. 


CALIFORNIA  PRIVET. 

In  our  last  issue  the  types  make  our  correspon- 
dent, Mr.  Wallis,  when  writing  on  this  subject,  make 
a  most  annoying  blunder  in  the  botanical  name  of  the 
plant.  What  he  wi-ote  was  "Ligustrum  ovalifblium," 
and  not  as  printed.  We  corrected  the  proof,  but  the 
printer  overlooked  the  correction.  We  apologize  for 
the  error. 


Fertilizer  for  Raspberries  and  Strawberries. 

I  raise,  for  family  use  only,  strawberries  and  resp- 
berries.  I  do  not  like  to  fertilize  with  stable  manure, 
because  it  introduces  grass,  clover  and  weeds.  I 
have  some  chicken  manure,  but  not  enough.  Can  I 
profitably  apply  commercial  fertilizers?  If  so,  what 
should  I  use  for  each;  how  much  and  when  should 
it  be  applied  ?  Would  it  not  be  well  to  mulch  the 
raspberries  thickly  with  forest  leaves? 

Would  it  pay  to  sow  crimson  clover  as  late  as 
October  to  plough  under  in  the  spring  ?  C.  W. 

Potash  is  a  most  desirable  fertilizer  to  use  on  all 
fruit  crops,  as  it  improves  the  quality  and  appear- 
ance of  the  frnit.  You  also  need  some  phosphoric 
acid.  The  chicken  manure  will  give  you  all  the 
nitragen  you  need.  Apply  300  pounds  of  acid  phos- 
phate and  100  pounds  of  muriate  of  potash  per  acre 


with  the  chicken  manure.  Although  October  is 
rather  late  to  sow  crimson  clover,  yet  we  have  known 
good  stands  made  sown  in  that  month.  Mulching 
will  help  both  raspberries  and  strawberries. — Ed. 


Improving  Poor  Land. 

I  wish  you  would  please  answer  a  question  for  me 
and  make  any  improvement  you  think  best  on  my 
plan  of  raising  corn  on  poor,  gray  land:  First, 
plough  land  deep  and  harrow  imtil  thoroughly  pul- 
verized ;  streak  off  in  rows  eight  feet  apart  and 
plant  corn  eigliteen  inches  apart  with  500  pounds 
potash  and  phosphoric  acid  per  acre;  cultivate  with 
weeder  and  cultivator  and  at  the  last  cultivation  sow 
peas  broadcast,  using  150  pounds  potash  and  phos- 
phoric acid  broadcast;  then  cut  corn  and  sow  in 
annual  clover  or  annual  clover  and  something  else 
(how  about  rye?)  using  200  pounds  some  fertilizer; 
cut  for  hay  and  pursue  same  method.  '  Now,  will  my 
land  improve  under  sulh  a  system  carried  out  fully 
and  continiially  cropped  in  those  three  plants,  two 
of  them  being  legumts  ?  George   Tarry. 

Vance  county,  N.  C. 

If  you  will  follow  out  the  rotation  yoii  have  de- 
scribed you  will  undoiibtedly  succeed  in  making  the 
land  produce  good  crops  and  become  fertile.  We 
would  suggest  that  you  make  the  fertilizer  acid  phos- 
phate and  potash  rather  than  potash  and  phosphate. 
^^^lat  you  most  need  is  phosphoric  acid.  We  would 
apply  two-thirds  acid  phosphate  to  one-third  potash. 
If  you  would  give  a  dressing  of  lime,  say  25  to  50 
bushels  per  acre,  we  believe  you  need  not  apply  anj' 
potash  or  only  a  very  light  application,  say  50 
pounds  of  muriate  of  potash  per  acre.  After  two  or 
three  years  you  should  be  able  to  make  your  corn 
rows  closer  than  five  feet,  say  three  feet  six  inches. 
We  assume  that  you  intend  to  plow  down  the  peas  at 
any  rate  for  a  year  or  two. — Ed. 


ROOT  PRUNING  OF  TREES. 

The  Netherland  Pomological  Society  records  in  its 
year  book  an  experiment  made  in  root  pruning.  The 
experimenter  selected  1-,  2-  and  3-year-old  apple  and 
pear  trees.  One  half  of  each  lot  were  transplanted 
in  the  usual  manner,  whilst  the  others  had  their  roots 
so  severely  pruned  that  only  a  stick  was  left.  The 
trees  of  the  first  lot  started  off  most  vigorously  in 
the  spring,  but  before  the  end  of  June  the  closely 
pruned  trees  were  larger  than  the  others,  and  this 
lead  was  maintained  throughout  the  season.  When 
the  trees  were  dug  up  it  was  found  that  the  closely 
pruned  ones  had  developed  a  much  better  root  system 
than  the  others. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHElliNT  PLANTEK. 


521 


THE 


Southern  Planter 


lUBLISHED  BY 


RICHMOND,    VA. 

Issued  on  1st  of  kach  Month. 


PT. 


J.  F.  JACKSON, 

Editor  and  General  Manager. 

B.  MORGAN  SHEPHERD, 

Business  Manaoer. 

TERMS   FOR  ADVERTISING. 
Rate  card   furnlBhed  on  application. 


TERMS  FOR  SUBSCRIPTION. 

THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER  is  mailed  to 
subscribers  In  the  United  States  and  Canada 
at  oOc.  per  annum;  all  foreign  countries  and 
the  city  of  Richmond,  75c. 

REMITTANCES  should  be  made  direct  to 
this  office,  either  by  Registered  Letter  or 
Money  Order,  which  will  be  at  our  risk.  When 
made  otherwise  we  cannot  be  responsible 

ALWAYS  GIVE  THE  NAME  of  the  Post- 
Offlce  to  which  your  paper  is  sent.  Your 
name  cannot  be  found  on  our  books  unless 
this  Is  done. 

WE  INVITE  FARMERS  to  write  us  on  any 
agricultural  topic.  We  are  always  pleased  to 
receive  practical  articles.  Criticism  of  Arti- 
cles, Suggestions  How  to  Improve  THE 
PLANTER,  Descriptions  of  New  Grains 
Roots,  or  Vegetables  not  generally  known! 
Particulars  of  Experiments  tried,  or  Improved 
Methods  of  Cultivation  are  each  and  all  wel- 
come. Contributions  sent  us  must  not  be 
furnished  other  papers  until  after  they  have 
appeared  in  our  columns.  Rejected  matter 
will  be  returned  on  receipt  of  postage. 

SUBSCRIBERS  failing  to  receive  their  paper 
promptly  and  regularly,  will  confer  a  favor 
by  reporting  the  fact  at  once. 

THE  DATE  ON  YOUR  LABEL  shows  to 
what  time  your  subscription  is  paid. 

NO  ANONYMOUS  communications  or  en- 
quiries will  receive  attention 

Address—  THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 

RICHMOND,  VA. 


DETAIL  INDEX  TO  ENQUIRER'S 

COLUMN. 

Alfalfa    500 

Cattle  With  Sore  Eyes 500 

Cement  for  Walls   500 

Concrete  Buildings  501 

Alfalfa    501 

Seeding  Winter  Oats 501 

Plant  for  Name  501 

Plant  for  Name  501 

Grass  for  Name   502 

Improving  Land  for  Corn 502 

Cramp  in  Horses  502 

Home-Made  Pickles,  Wine,  Grape 

Juice    502 

Fertilizer  for  Clover 502 

Rotation  of  Crops  for  Hogs 502 

Johnson  Grass   503 

Peach  Trees  Dying 503 

Alfalfa    503 

Cross-Breeding  Sheep   503 

Apple  Scab — Bitter  Rot  or  Brown 

Rot    503 

Bermuda  Grass    504 

Spraying  Fruit  Trees 504 

Ice  House 504 


PUBLISHER'S  NOTES. 


TO    ADVERTISERS. 


All  advertisements  and  matter 
pertaining-  to  advertising  must 
reach  us  by  the  25th  of  each 
month.     Please  bear  this  in  mind. 

Trial  Subscriptions. 

Aug-ust,  in  this  section,  is  es- 
sentially a  month  of  picnics,  bar- 
liecnes,  camp-meetings,  etc.  It  is 
something  of  a  holiday  for  the 
farmer  after  his  arduous  work  of 
spring  planting  and  summer  har- 
vesting. We  wish  to  ask  our 
friends  who  attend  these  various 
gatherings  not  to  forget  the  South- 
ER.\  Pi.A.NTER.  JSTumbers  of  farm- 
er? in  the  South  do  not  take  the 
Southern  Pl.\.nter  or  any  other 
agricultural  journal,  which  fact 
accounts  for  us  being  behind  the 
Xorth  and  West  in  our  farming 
operations.  These  are  the  farmers 
M-e  want  to  get  at.  To  induce  such 
to  subscribe,  we  will  accept  a  .3 
mouths'  trial  subscription  for  10 
cents.  If  any  one  feels  that  he 
hasn't  gotten  his  money's  worth, 
aud  a  great  deal  more,  just  say  so 
and  we  will  refund  the  money  at 
once.  We  know,  however,  from 
experience  that  a  large  majority  of 
such  subscribers  renew  their  sub- 
scriptions after  having  read  a  copy 
or  two.  Mention  this  little  offer 
to  your  friends,  and  we  will  return 
the  favor  at  anv  time. 


PERFECT  BLISS. 

William's  table  manners  were  noto- 
riously bad— so  bad  that  he  was  fa- 
cetiously accused  of  spoiling  the  man- 
ners of  a  pet  coon  chained  in  the  back 
yard.  He  gripped  his  fork  as  though 
afraid  it  was  going  to  get  away  from 
him,  and  he  used  it  like  a  hay  fork. 
Reproaches  and  entreatlies  •were  in 
vain.  His  big  sister's  pleading, 
"Please,  William,  don't  eat  like  a  pig," 
made  no  impression  upon  him. 

One  day  William  and  his  bosom 
friend,  a  small  neighbor,  dined  alone, 
and  William  was  heard  to  say  in  a 
tone  of  great  satisfaction  as  he  plant- 
ed both  elbows  on  the  table,  "Say, 
Harry,  there's  nobody  but  us.  Let's 
eat  like  hogs  and  enjoy  ourselves." — 
Caroline  Lockhart,  In  July  Llppln- 
cott's. 


■^•^^w^^*^ 


■"    1 


Wood's  Seeds 

FOR  FALL  SOWING. 

Farmers  and  Gardeners  who  de- 
sire the  latest  and  fullest  informa- 
tion about 

Vegetable  and  Farm  Seeds 

should  write  for  Wood's  New 
Fall  Catalogue.  It  tells  all  about 
the  fall  planting  of  Lettuce,  Cab- 
bage and  othsr  Vegetable  crops 

which  are  proving  so  profitable  to 
southern  growers.     Also  about 

Crimson  Clover,   Vetches, 

Grasses  and   Clovers, 

Seed  Oats,  Wheat, 

Rye,  Barley,  etc. 

\\'ood's  New  Fall  Catalogue  mailed 
free  on  request.     Write  for  it. 

T.W.  WOOD  &  SONS, 

Seedsmen,  =  Richmond,  Va. 


Virginia  Polytechnic  institute 

STATE  AGRICULTURAL  AND  MECHANICAL   COLLEGE 

at  Blacksburg,  Va., 

A  SOUTHERN   INSTITUTE  OF  TECHNOLOGY. 

Forty-five  instructors.  Thoroughly  equip- 
ped shops,  laboratories  and  infrmary.  Farm 
of  four  hundred  acres.  Steam  heating  and 
electric  lishts  In  dormitories.  Degree  courses 
in  Agriculture,  Horticulture,  Civil,  Mechani- 
cal and  Electrical  Engineering,  Applied 
Chemistry  and  General  Science.  Shorter 
courses  in  Practical  Agriculture  and  Practi- 
cal Mechanics.  Total  cost  of  session  of  nine 
months,  including  tuition  and  other  fees, 
board,  washing,  text-books,  medical  attend- 
ance, etc.,  about  ?195.  Cost  to  State  students 
about  $165.  Next  session  begins  September 
21.  1903.  For  catalogtie  and  other  informa- 
tion, apply  to 

J.  M.  McBRYDE,  Pb.  D.,  LL.  D.,  President. 


YOUR     GIRL 

Needs  an  education.  Send  for  Cata- 
logue of  WOODLAWN  SEMINARY  & 
MUSICAL  INSTITUTE,  GORDONS- 
VIIXE,  VA.  Beautifully  and  health- 
fully situated  at  the  foot  of  the  Blue 
Ridge  Mountains.  Prepares  for  any 
College  or  Special  School  or  for  Teach- 
ing. Beautiful  home;  thorough  instruc- 
tion. All  Grades,  including  English, 
Elocution,  Music  and  Art.  Expenses 
very  low. 
EDGAR  STINSON,  M.  Sc,  Principal. 


■urij  2  »«r»  j«iu  v«  Uti 
bMn  tndning  mea  ud  wom«D 
for  biuin«s8.  Onij  fioiissu  Col- 
l«g«  in  Vft.,  &nd  Mwnd  in  Seatb 
to  own  its  building.  No  TaoatioD. 
Cttaiogua  free,  Bookkaaping, 
Sbortband,  Penmansbip  bj  mail. 


"laading  bns.  eoL  soma  Potomao  i 

Menllon    the    Southern    Planter    in 
writing. 


522 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[August 


BEWARE  OF  OINTMENTS  FOR  CA 
TAKRH  THAT  CONTAIN  MER 
CURY, 
As  mercury  wil!  surely  destroy  the 
sense  of  smell  and  completely  derange 
the  whole  system  when  entering  it 
through  the  mucous  surfaces.  Such 
articles  should  never  be  used  except  on 
prescriptions  from  reputable  physi- 
cians, as  the  damage  they  will  do  is 
ten-fold  to  the  good  you  can  possibly 
derive  from  them.  Hall's  Catarrh 
Cure,  "manufactured  by  F.  J.  Cheney 
&  Co..  Toledo,  O.,  contains  no  mercury, 
and  is  taken  internally,  acting  directly 
upon  the  blood  and  mucous  surfaces  of 
the  system.  In  buying  Hall's  Catarrh 
Cure  be  sure  you  get  the  genuine.  It 
is  taken  internally  and  made  in  Toledo, 
Ohio,  by  F.  J.  Cheney  &  Co.  Testi- 
monials free. 

Sold   by   Druggists.     Price,    75c.   per 
bottle. 

Hall's  Family  Pills  are  the  best. 


WITH  THE  ADVERTISERS. 

Slug  Shot,  for  cabbage  worms,  is 
advertised  bv  Benjamin  Hammond. 
Fishkill,  N.  Y. 

The  German  Kali  Works  renews  its 
contract  for  another  term,  beginning 
with  the  card  elsewhere  in  this  issue. 

Antrim  Stock  Farm  has  an  an-i 
noiincement  in  another  column. 

Celery  plants  are  offered  by  Mr.  E. 
A.  Swineford.  of  Richmond.  Va. 

Mr.  W.  B.  McGregor  has  Aberdeen- 
Angus  cows  and  bulls  for  sale. 

Ormsby  Bros,  are  new  advertisers 
in  this  issue.  Fine  Scotch  Topped 
Shorthorns  are  their  offering. 

Look  up  the  advertisement  of  W. 
T.  Brown,  the  Pittsburgh  real  estate 
man. 

Foxhall  Farm.  Norfolk,  Va.,  has  an 
advertisement  in  this  issue. 

Ma.iors  Cowan  and  Bentley  adver- 
tise a  public  sale  of  shorthorns.  Look 
up  the  advertisement  for  particulars. 

Mr.  A.  E.  JIcMurdo  has  some  good 
wine  barrels  for  sale. 

The  Havana  Metal  Wheel  Company 
is  a  new  advertiser  in  this  issue. 

Mr.  James  Boyle  is  advertising  his 
steel  stanchion  and  modern  sanitary 
stalls. 

Ware  View  Stock  Farm  has  some 
choicely  bred  Berkshlres  at  reasonable 
prices. 

The  Spangler  Low  Down  Drill  ad 
vertisement  makes  its  appearance  i 
thiF  number. 

H.  R.  Graham  offers  his  entire  flo 
of  registered  Shropshires. 

D.  M.  Cloyd  has  some  Suftolkdowns 
for  sale.  Look  into  the  merits  of  this 
breed. 

The  Chicago  House  AVrecking  Com- 
pany has  three  advertisements  in  this 
iBBue. 

The  Florence  Wagon  Works  is  with 
us  with  an  advertisement  again  this 
fall.  Their  product  has  been  on  the 
market  .for  22  years  and  always  gives 
satisfaction. 

Polled-Durhams  can  be  bought  of  J. 


husker  and  shredder  is  a  "Little  Giant"  when  it 
comes  to  considering  the  amount  of  work  it  will  do 
In  a  day.  Every  corn  grower  can  well  afford  to  own 
the  McCormick  "Little  Giant"  husker  and  shredder. 
The  machine  has  capacity  enough  for  several  farms 
where  two  or  more  want  to  join  together  in  the 
purchase.  The  stover  from  the  McCormick  is 
relished  by  the  stock. 


W.  K.  BACHE,  General  Agent  for 

McCormick  Machines,  Richmond,  Va. 


'^'^^^'•'■^  I  ii  u  iifliilii'lfti 


ill  that  Will 


SATT  LUMBER 


WE  MAKE  SAW  MILLS 

that  cut  accurate  hi  mix;  rand  plenty  of 
it.  8  to  30  horse  power.  Capacity 
4,0OO  to  ZO.OOO  fact  of  luBiber  per 
day. 

Prices  from  $160  to  $7M 


ntaii 


able 


U  AM[Rl(Afi"s£tDlHOMA(HlWE  CO..  soc^^Si^i^^^^fy^-co..  LOmSVRlt'KY., 


Cabbage  Worms 


KILLED    BV    DUSTING    WITH 

Hammond's  ^iug   Shot. 

!=olil   by   the  Seed  Dealer       For 
Pamphlet    on  Bugs  and   Blights 
address.        B.  HAMMOND, 
Pl5hkill-on.Hud«on,     ■     N.   Y. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


523 


SUPER 


Seeding  Machines  are  used  by  the  most  prosper- 
ous farmers  in  all  secxicns  of  the  world.  They 
do  the  work  of  seeding  just  right — never  clog' in 
trash.  They  successfuHy  sow  and  cover  the  seed 
in  any  field  where  a  disc  harrow  will  run.  A  man 
cr  a  boy  can  seed  one-fourth  to  one-half  more 
land  in  a  day  than  with  any  other  drill.  Superior 
Seeding  Machines  are  made  solid  and^strong  uf 
the  best  m.aterials.  They  are  light  draft.  No  neck 
weight.  Easy  on  man  and  team.  Ournew  Cat- 
alogue No.  14  is  free.    Write  for  it  today. 

SUPERIOR  DIVISION, 

AMERICAN  SEEDING  MACHINECO., 

SPRINGFIELD,    OHIO. 


GRAIN  DRILL 

^  The  TORK   FORCE   FEED   DRILL   c... 

lightness  with  slrengtb.  Most  complete  drill 
'  Nc  "oriipiex  gearing  to  pet  out  of  order.  Boxes 
osetogrouud.  Fully 

Easily        \^^^=^^>^  Gaarauteed 


regil- 
Wcieht, 

«nl.T  too  Ibi  _ 

9  Wanted. 

for  Catalopne. 
THE  HENCH&DROMGOLlI  CO.,'^ 

Mfrs.,  Yoi-U.  I'u. 


rarvd  Above 

only  hope  is   efiecti 


DitcK? 


"OlipXp  Hydraulic 


ENGINES. 


iipply.  when  uater  may  le 

Iraw  □     through    buildings, 

table,  yards, 

up  pure 


I  RIFE  ENGINE  CO..  126  Liberty  St..  N«w  York. 


L.   Humbert,   Charlottesville,  Va. 

Lee's  Prepared  Agricultural  Lime  is 
offered  our  readers,  as  usual,  this 
season.  Look  up  the  advertisement 
and  send  for  testimonials  and  circu- 
lars. 

Byrd  Brothers  are  offering  good, 
growth  y  Poland-China  pigs  at  pork 
prices. 

Arrowhead  Stock  Farm  is  offering 
some  royally-bred  Poland  Chinas;  also 
registered  Shropshires. 

Note  the  change  in  the  advertise- 
ment of  the  Hayflelds  Stock  Farm. 

Sunny  Home  Aberdeen  Angus  cat- 
tle are  in  fine  shape,  so  Mr.  A.  L. 
French,  the  proprietor,  tells  us. 

International  Stock  Food  Company 
has  a  large  advertisement  on  another 
page.  Look  it  up  and  send  for  their 
free   ?3,000   stock   book. 


HOW     TO     HANDLE     LIA'^E     DUCK 
FEA^THERS. 

The  feathers  of  Pekin  ducks  are  of 
especial  value  from  the  fact  of  their 
being  white.  What  are  termed  "live 
feathers"  are  always  in  demand,  and 
this  means  feathers  picked  from  live 
geese  and  ducks.  As  feather  producers 
alone,  Pekin  ducks  may  be  made  a 
profitable  industry  on  every  farm. 
They  will  produce  some  three  or  four 
crops  of  feathers  during  the  months 
that  are  sufticiently  warm  to  pick  them, 
and  a  dozen  ducEs  will  soon  furnish 
one  with  a  beautiful  new  pair  of 
feather  pillows. 

When  the  ducks  begin  dropping  their 
feathers,  or  molting  them,  as  the  pro- 
cess is  called,  they  are  then  ripe,  and 
fit  for  picking,  and  the  feathers,  can 
be  pulled  out  without  having  blood  left 
in  the  end  of  the  shaft.  Better  to 
pick,  and  thus  save  the  feathers,  than 
to  have  the  farm  covered  with  them. 
Ducks  well  washed  in  cold  or  warm 
water  before  picking  then  put  on  clean 
straw  to  dry.  give  beautifully  white, 
.'lean  feathers. 

When  the  picking  is  done,  put  the 
feathers  into  several  sacks  of  very  thin 
material  and  han.g  them  out  of  doors 
in  the  air  all  day  and  every  day.  I 
have  learned  by  experience  to  put  the 
down  into  one  sack,  and  the  feathers 
into  another,  when  picking.  To  take 
from  new  feathers  the  disagreeable 
odor  that  stays  with  them  so  long 
usually,  and  which  comes  from  the 
meaty  end  of  new  picked  feathers,  they 
can  be  plunged  into  very  hot  water, 
left  there  to  scald  for  a  little  time, 
then  rinsed  and  hung  in  the  hot  sun 
to  dry.  Having  taken  the  precaution 
to  keep  down  and  feathers  separate, 
the  feathers  will  dry  in  fluffy  shape 
and  make  desirable  pillows. 

In  one  lot  of  feathers  in  which  we 
put  a  heavy  picking  of  down,  and  then 
scalded,  we  found  they  would  not  re- 
turn to  their  original  state  of  light- 
ness, but  were  inclined  to  be  pasted  to- 
gether with  the  down,  and  remain 
somewhat  rolled. 

After  feathers  have  been  scalded  and 
dried,    the    down    can   be   mixed    with 


Wise  Mian's 
Wagon. 


vho  has  had  esperienco 
in  running  a  wagon  knows  that  it 
IS  the  wheels  that  determine  the 
life  of  the  wagon  itself.    Our 

ELECTRIC  wV^ 

have  given  a 
wagons.  Thei 

any  width  of  tire  up  to  8  inchest  With  -..^..,.v-«™ 
wheels  you  can  in  a  few  minutes  have  either  a  high 
or  a  low  down  wat'on.  The  Electric  Handy 
Waeon  18  made  by  skilled  workmen,  of  best  select- 
ed material— white  hickory  axlea,  steel  wheels,  steel 
hounds,  etc  G  uaranteed  to  carry  4000  lbs.  Here  is 
the  watron  that  will  save  money  for  you,  as  It 
lasts  almost  forever.  Ourcatalog  describing  the  uses 
of  these  wheels  and  wagons  sent  free.    Write  for  it. 

ELECTRIC  WHEEL  CO.,  BOX  146  QUINCY,  ILLINOIS. 


WE  LEAD  THE  WORLD 

We  are  the  largest  manufac- 
turers of  Grooved  and  Plain 
Tire  Steel  Farm  Wagon 
Wheels  in  America.  We 
guarantee  our  patent 
Grooved  Tire  Wheels  to 
be  the  best  made  by  anybody 
anywhere.    Write  us. 

HAVANA  METAL  WHEEL  GO. 


WE'LL  PAY  THE  FREIGHT 

and  lend  i  Uufgj  «  litrLi,  Sle.l  Tire  un,  .  JT.-it 
Wilb  Bubber  TlrM,  $16,00.  I  mtg.  wheels  !<'  to  *  In 
tread.  Top  BuggieH,  $28.75 ;  Harn«B9,  $3.60.  Wriie  fo' 
catalosDe.  Learn  how  to  buy  vebiclea  and  parts  direct 
Wagon  Umbrella  FBEE.  W.  T.  BOOB,  ClneldnaU.  O 


THE  IMPROVED 


Chamberlin   Mfg.   Co.,  Olean,  N.  Y.,  U,  S.-^A. 


HERCULES  STUMP  PULLER 


rs  an  acre  of  heavy  timber  land  each  day. 
Clears  all  stumps  in  a  circle  of  150  ft.  without 
moving  or  changing  machine,    Strongest,  most 
rapid  working  and  best  made. 
Hercules  Mfg.  Co..  413  17th  St.,  Centreville.  Iowa. 


524 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[August 


Just  Ask  the  Horse. 


RED  RIPPER  ^^' 


Press 


the  horse  doesn't  know  that, 
easy  at  the  end  of  the  stroke  as 
"     ' '"         '  sy  capacity 


eNo.lSS  tells  your 


^  .  ed  from  Red  Ripper  pur- 
chasers. Distributing  points,  Baltimore.  Memphis,  Cincin- 
•""'■    Address   SIKES  MFC.  CO.,  Helana,  Ceorgla. 


them  if  (iesiied,  or  kept  to  make  down 
cushions  and  pillows.  If  the  feathers 
are  not  scaldpd,  the  disagreeable  odor 
of  new  feathers  remains  a  long  time, 
yet  it  disappears  if  the  sacks  of  feath- 
ers are  kept  out  of  doors  or  in  an  open, 
roomy  chamber  or  storeroom. 


CURIOUS  GRAFTING. 

Professor  Green,  of  the  Minnesota 
State  School  of  Agriculture,  has,  by  a 
process  of  grafting,  grown  fully  de- 
veloped tomatoes  on  a  potato  vine.  He 
cut  off  the  young  shoots  of  a  potato 
vine,  making  a  V-shaped  slit  in  the 
top,  into  which  he  inserted  a  freshly 
clipped  young  tomato  plant,  and  bound 
the  joint  w-ith  straw  and  supported  It 
by  long  rods.  Nature  did  the  rest; 
the  tomato  drew  its  substance  from  the 
earth  through  the  roots  of  the  potato, 
and  in  return  furnished  what  was  re- 
quired in  the  way  of  the  action  of 
light  and  air  upon  its  own  leaves  to  its 
adopted  roots.  Professor  Green's  sole 
object  was  to  show  what  could  be  done 
in  the  way  of  grafting  widely  separated 
]i!ants.  The  work  is  a  proof  of  skill  in 
the  grattsman,  but  it  show's  the  extent 
to  which  nature  will  act  to  repair  a 
wound.  It  shows  also  that  the  action 
of  the  stalks  is  not  dependent  wholly 
upon  the  action  within  its  own  particu- 
lar variety.  The  plant  is  no-w  nearly 
five  months  old,  and  several  tomatoes 
have  ripened  upon  It.  and  fairly  de- 
veloped potatoes  have  grown  in  the 
ground.  There  are  no  leaves  sugges- 
tive of  the  potato  on  the  plant,  which 
is  three  feet  high. 


ANGUS  CATTLE  AT  "ROSE  DALE." 

Mr.  A.  G.  Parr,  Superintendent  of 
Rose  Dale  Stock  Farm,  Jeffersonton, 
Culpeper  county.  Va.,  writes  us  that 
his  cattle  are  in  fine  shape,  and  that 
he  is  selling  splendid  stock  at  low 
prices.  This  popular  breed  has  cer- 
tainly excelled  all  others  in  winning 
honors  in  the  hottest  sort  of  compe- 
tition during  the  last  year  or  two,  the 
world  over.  Angu^  Bulls  are  prepotent 
sires,  invariably  stamping  their  most 
desirable  characteristics,  smooth, 
blocky,  harnless,  black  carcass  on 
their  grade  offsprings. 


Mention  the  Southern  Pla»ter  when 
corresponding  with  advertisers. 


LEGERDEMAIN. 
A  man  in  a  certain  New  England 
town  was  noted  for  telling  extravagant 
stories.  One  evening  while  loitering 
in  the  country  store  the  conversation 
lurued  upon  feats  in  gunning.  The 
man  listened  attentively  and  in  silence 
for  awhile,  then  suddenly  he  exclaimed 
excitedly:  "Wall,  boys,  I  can  tell  you 
a  queer  thing  that  happened  to  me  the 
other  day.  I  went  to  Rye  Beach  shoot- 
ing when  I  see  a  nice,  large  fiock  of 
yellow-legs.  'Aha,'  says  I  to  myself, 
'now  for  a  shot  at  them."  So  I  crept 
up  near  by,  raised  my  gun  to  my  shoul- 
der and  fired.  But  I  aimed  jest  a  bit 
too  low,  and  they  rlz  up  and  flew  off. 
As  I  walked  along  the  beach  I  found 
two  bushels  of  their 'yellow  legs  that  I 
had   shot  off." — Lippincotfs  for  June. 


y) 


Freeman 

Feed 
Cutters 


are  in  a  class  by 

themselves. 

sizes  to  meet  all ; 

requireme  nt 

Smallest    h  a  l  _ 

lever   to  largest 

self -teed  cylinder  cutters,  shredders 

I  and  carriers  for  fodder,  ensilage,  etc, 

]  Widely  popular  through  nianv  years 


tlle"WeIierJanIor' 
Pumper 


Ti  atl  complete,  roady  to  sfr 

tacbtopump.  Eqo&USOmoa 
p  u  m  p  ing  vater. 
Uses  but  UMle  ?&•• 
olme.  Is  shipped 
crated        eompletelj 


operate  it.    Every 
^aranteed.  Other  aizei 
50  H.  P.    Send  for  cat- 
Weber  Gas  A  Gasolion 
Engine  Co.,  Box    128 


Uf  C  M   DRILLING 


MACHINES 


The    most    successful    mouey-maklng    nla- 
chines  ever  made.     Also  machines  for  boring 
wells    with    augers    by    horse    power.      Write 
us  If  you  mean  business. 
Loomis  Machine  Co.,  Tiffin,  Ohio. 


Steam,  Gas  or  Water  Pipe,  in 
izps  from  one  half  to  twelve  inches  diameter. 
t  is  complete  with  threads  and  couplin^^s. 

inch,  per  loot,  8  I  "i  ctn.     1,V  inch,  per  foot,  4  1-4  ctp. 
We  imndle  uli  kinds  of  well  casiiiK-    Write  us  youi- 
jiiits  in  the  pipe  line.    We  have  ail  kinds  of  supplies  ot 
lis  character.    Write  for  Free  Culalo^'ue  No.  166. 
CIIICAOO   llorsK  WKECKING  CO.. 
Wfwt  85th  and  Iron  Sireol.  C'hieueo. 


S  E  PAR  ATO  R 

FOR  SALP  OR  EXCHANGE 
A  De  Laval  Humming  Bird  Separator, 
in  perfectcoudition,  used  about  20  times; 
will  sell  cheap  for  cash  or  will  exchange 
for  a  pure-bred  Bull  Call'  of  any  Beef 
Breed — Polled  preferred. 

W.  H.  MacNAIR,  Tarboro,  N.  C. 


CULTIVATORS  BELOW  COST! 

Roofing  Materials. — Tin  plate,  iron  roof- 
ing, iiaptrrootiug,  nails,  hardware.  Car- 
riage and  wagon  materials.  Cook  stoves 
etc.  Don't  write  us  unless  you  want  the 
best  at  the  Lowest  Price. 

HARRIS  HARDWARE  CO.,  ^^'^^ryt 


ROUND  SILO 


THE    PHILADELPHIA. 

Tbe  only  Perfect  Contiouous  Open  Front 
SILO  made.  See  Open-Top  Patent  Roof.  Ask 
for  Catalogue.  E.  F.  SCHLICHTER. 

321  Vine  St,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Also  made  In  the  Weat  by  Duplex  lUg. 
Co.,   South  Superior,  Wis. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER 


525 


MQ 


Operated  easily 
any  vehicle, 
I  always  In  order. 
I  In  reach  of  every 
i  home  at  factory 
,  pripes.  No  fine 
[  driveway  com- 
plete without  it. 


STEEL  TU 


eULAR 
OSTS. 


Absclut.Ply  inilestructiblc.  A  P'r 
manent  Fcticc  Po^t  sujuible  fur  Ui:iK 
farms,  pastures,  etc.  Miu.e  of  ;i  oi a 
piece  holiow  lube.  Co.sts  no  nioi'-  thai 
the  ordinar.v  cedar  post.  We  have  :il 
kindsof  wirefnrsale.  Write  for  Free  Cat.i 
lotueNo.  IM  CIIICAGtlHOl'SE  WRECKl  .(.CD 
West  JSili  and  Iron  Sireets.  Chicjjo. 

Genuine  Spiral  Spring  Wire 
FENCES  HND  GHTES 

If  jour  dealer  does  nol  have  our 
goods  in  stock  you  can  buy  direct 
at  Manufacturers'  Price.  Write 
forCat.Tlogue  and  secure  agency. 

INTERNATIONAL  FENCE  AND  F.  CO- 
Columbus,  Ohio. 


~* 

"^ 

~^ 

- 

:-"r"j 

-^ 

; 

^ 

= = = ^^1E=  ^^S=i^ 


For  Unvuly  Stock 


STOP  THAT  RATTLING.  TIGHTEN  YOUR 
OWN  BUGGY  TIRKS.  No  heating;  does  not 
mar  the  pairt;  any  one  can  operate.  Mar-hine 
complete  with  100  -washers  sent  on  receipt  of 
$2,00.  Guaranteed  to  do  the  work.  Your 
money  bacl;  if  not  as  represented.  RAPID 
TI^RE  TIGHTENER  CO.,   Station  F.,  Toledo, 

FRFF  '"'"'  anxiety  over 
I  IILL  wash  rtav  are  Ihose 
whouseaDILLEY  QUEEN 
WASHER.  We  manufac- 
ture three  styles  of  wash- 
ers: to  introduce  them 
we  will  give  you  the  ad- 
vantage of  our  factory 
prices  for  a  short  time. 
vVrite  for  catalogue  and 
prices.  Our  Up-to-Date 
at  $2.50. 

LYONS  WASHING   IVIACHINE  CO..  Lyons.  Mich. 


WINE  BARRELS 

A  few  160  gallon  wine  barrels  for  sale. 

A.  E.  McMURDO, 

Charlottesville,  Va. 


A  Steel  Stanch  Son  i'o°'A  ",".';.'>'; ■■"■•■ 

tying  cattle.  Li:;hti.r.  slron!.-<T.  n.alir.    Sui,,-..-^  ,iti  .luiTis. 
Notin  the  way  when    iMQ^down.   A:.'«'iiK  nnnUu      'Vnie  I>  r  sji.- 

ci.it.m..od  prices,  jgs.  Boylc,  Mf r.,Salem,  O. 


Consulting    E-ntomologist 
A.  Arsene  Qirault, 

CARE  ALLEGHANY  ORCHARD  CO., 
Paw  Paw,  W.  Va. 

Answering  in  detail,  accompaning,  where 
possible  with  specimens  and  explanatory  notes: 
life-history  a  specialty  ;  charges  low.  Not  a 
bureau  of  Information.  ^^'rite  at  once  and 
worry  me. 


A   SOUND  REASON. 

At  a  rural  watering  place  the  guests 
were  sitting  on  the  front  piazza,  which 
overlooked  the  street. 

A  rustic,  who  was  greatly  under  thf 
influenca  of  liquor,  found  his  way  up 
there  and  became  offensively  "agree- 
aWe."  Being  admonished  to  desist, 
from  his  attentions  many  times,  he 
persisted,  and  at  last  approachod  one 
of  the  ladies  and  commenced  to  an- 
noy her  with  crude  attempts  at  smart- 
ne.ss. 

A  gentleman  who  had  been  watching 
him  closely,  but  saying  nothing,  now 
swiftly  approached  him  and  tossed 
him  over  into  the  wet  sand  below. 

He  got  up,  pulled  a  much-soiled 
handkerchief  from  his  pocket,  wiped 
the  sand  from  his  eyes  and  mouth,  and 
then,  looking  up  as  he  swayed  back 
and  forth,  addressed  the  man  who  di" 
the  deed: 

"Yes, you!     I  suppose  you 

think  you're  smart,  but  I  don't.  I  ex- 
pect you  think  I  don't  know  what  you 
done  that  fer;  but  I'll  let  you  know 
that  I  do.  Blank  your  buttons!  the 
reason  why  you  thro.wed  me  over  them 
banisters  was  that  you  don't  want  me 
up  there you!" — -July  Lippincott's. 


AN  UNFORTUNATE  INVESTMENT. 

A  Southern  clergyman  had  married 
a  pair  of  negroes.  Aft«r  the  ceremony 
the  groom  asked,  "How  much  yo' 
chahge  fo'  dis?" 

"Well,"  said  the  minister,  "I  usually 
leave  that  to  the  groom.  Sometimes  I 
am  paid  five  dolfars,  sometimes  ten, 
sometimes  less." 

"Da,t's  a  lot  ob  money,  pahson.  Tell 
yo'  what  Ah'll  do.  Ah'll  gib  yo'  two 
dollahs,  an'  den  ef  I  fln'  I  ain't  got 
cheated,  I'll  gib  yo'  mo'  in  a  monf." 

A  month  later  the  groom  returned. 

"Ah's  yere,  lak  Ah  promised,  pah- 
son." 

"Yes."  said  the  minister,  expectantly- 

"Ah  tol'  yo'  dat  ef  it  was  all  right. 
Ah'd  gib  yo'  mo'  money,  didn't  Ah?" 

"You  did." 
Well,  pahson,  as  dis  yere  am  a  sort 
of  spec'Iation.  Ah  reckon  yo'  owe  me 
about  a  dollah  an'  eighty-five  cents,  an' 
Ah  come  ter  get  it." — Philadelphia 
Telegraph. 


A  well-known  judge  on  a  Virginia 
circuit  was  reminded  very  forcibly, 
savs  Harper's  "Ma,efazine,  of  his  increas- 
ing baldness. 

One  of  his  rural  friends  looked  at 
him  and  drawled,  "It  won't  be  so  very 
lon.sr.  .iedge.  'fo'  you'll  hev  to  tie  a 
string  round  your  head  to  tell  how  fer 
up  to  wash  yer  faqe." 


A  cople  of  pretty  girls  at  the  church 
fair  last  night  tackled  Alec.  Smart  to 
take  a  10-cent  chance  on  a  piano.  He 
flashed  a  $20  note  on  them,  thinking 
they  v.'ouldn't  have  any  change. 

But  they  did  have  it,  eh? 

No.  they  told  him  they  never  gave 
any  change. 


Free 

Books 

'""   ers 


These 
books    are 
compiled  from 
the  publications 
of  the  various 
Agricultural    Ex- 
periment Stations, 
and   are  of  great 
value  to  all  prac- 
.  tical  farmers. 
We  mail  them/r^eto  all 
farmers  who  apply  for  them. 

German  Kali  Works, 
93  Nassau  Street,  New  York. 

ATLANTA.  OA.  BRANCH : 
22ii  So.  Broad  St.,  Inman  BIdg. 


SEED  OATS  '^OR  SALE 


=-1,000  BUSHELS- 

VIRQIMA  WINTER  GREY  or  TURF. 

These  oats  were  sown  in  the  fall,  are  of  8 
superior  quality  and  EXTRA  HEAVY. 
Grown  in  Albemarle  county,  in  the  Piedmont 
section  of  Virginia,  where  the  best  seed  oata 
obtainable  are  produced.  Address 
WOODSIDE    STOCK    FARH 

p.    O.    Box   145,    Charlottesville,  Vo. 


TURINIP  SEED. 

Fresh  Stock  of 
All    Varieties. 

DlG<rS  &  BEADLES, 
Seedsmen, 

1711  E.  Fraoklin  St.,  RICHMOND,  VA. 


20,000     Celery     Plants 

—  FOR  SALE — 

GIANT  P.^SCHAL.  the  finest  variety  and 
easiest  to  raise.  Plants  ready  to  ship  now. 
Should  be  set  out  this  month.  25  cents  per 
mo  f.  0.  b.  here.  No  plants  sold  after  August 
31st.  E.  A.  SWINEFORD,  1110  E.  Main 
street.   Richmond.  Va. 


SAN  jost  scALt  :s»;s: 

GOOD'S    CAUSTIC    POTASH 
WHALE  OIL  SOAP.  No.  3. 

It  also  prevents  Curl  Leaf.  Endorsed  by  en- 
tomologists. J  his  soap  is  a  fertilizer  as  well  as 
insecticide  50  1  b.  kegs,  $2.50;  100  lb.  kegs,  $4  60. 
Half  barrels.  270  lbs.,  at  SK^- per  lb.:  barrels. 
425  lbs.,  at  3':tC.  Large  quantities,  special  rates, 
Send  for  circular. 

JAMES  GOOD, 
939— 41  N.  Front  St.,  phjladelphia,  pa. 


526 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[August 


UnMCQANDIHE.PUCETO 


FIND  THEM. 


No  plare  in  the  United  St;ites  can  a 
man  ilo  so  well  at  farming,  for  1 1:  e  money 
investeil,  as  in  Virginia.  Lands  are 
cheap;  climate  good,  and  the  best  of 
markets  close  At  hand.  It  is  the  State 
of  all  other*,  for  a  comfortalile  all  the 
year  round  home.  Th«-  James  Kiver 
Valley  Colonization  and  Imptovenient 
Company  offer  superior  advantages  to 
land  purchasers.  For  free  3ti  page  land 
pamphlet,  ad<lress 

W.  A.  PARSONS,       Vinlta.  Va. 

C&OMain  St.  Depot    Hichniond.  Va. 


CASH 

K<>K   YOL'K 

OR  ANY  REAL  ESTATE. 

No  ni«llrr  whei-if  l*>*-j(te<I.  Semi 
de»Tlplli>ii  and  lowesi  caoli  price. 
I  «uccve<I  by  Riving  pvr»oDal  »t- 
tenlluu.   Inti>n-»llnp  and  %-Kltial<l<- 


WILI.Ka     1.  HUUnN.  1  14  Itn 


To  HOMESEEKERS. 

"THE  BUSINESS  OF  FARMING 
IN  VIRGINIA." 

Is  the  title  of  a  Dew  pamptilet  issued  by  the 
Norfolk  and  Western  Railway  Company.    We 
will  gladly  mail  you  a  copy. 
W.  B.  BEVILL,      PAUL  SCHERER.  Agt., 
G.  P.  A..      Lands  and  Immigration, 
Roanoke,  Va. 

wf;  have  a  large  list  of 

FRUIT,  POULTRY  and  TRUCK  FARMS 

Ten,  Fifty  and  One  Hundred  Acres  each,  with 

good  buildings,  close  to  steam  and  trolley 

lines,  easy  access  to  the  city.    Also 

GRAIN  aSD  .^TOCK  FAkMS 

Prom  100  to  1.000  acres  at  low   prices  all  the 

way  from  $5  to  $50  per  acre.    Write  for 

Catalogue. 

THE  VIRGINIA  LAND  AGENCY.  Richmond.  Va. 

J.  R.  HOCKADAY.  Manager. 

IF  YOU  WISH  TO  SELL 

—  03F«.  J=HJ  V 

VIRGINIA    LANDS 

Coniniunicate   with  us.     A'rite  for  free 
"Virginia    Real    Estate   Journal.'*   con- 
taining many  splendid  bargains. 
R.  B.  CHAFFIN  &  CO..  inc  . 

No     I    N  lOtll  5t  ,  Richmond.   Va 

VfRGINIA  FARMS 

$3  P6»  ACRE  AND  UPWARDS 
EASV    PAYMENTS      TAT.VLOGUE    FREE. 

GEO.  E.  CRAWFORD  &  CO.,  Richmond,  Va. 

EsUbiished   1S75. 

"PIEDMONT  tC\^^' 

Good   land,    climate,    markets,    shipping   fa- 
cilities, churches,  schools,  good  health,  mode- 
rate prices,  easy  terms. 
nACON  &  CO.,        -         Orange.  Va. 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  HAY  RAISERS. 

In  the  past  it  was  considered  that 
baling  hay  was  only  profitable  where 
the  crop  was  large,  and  with  the  in- 
tention of  shipping.  It  has  come  to 
he  a  recognized  fact,  however,  that 
there  is  economy,  and  consequent 
profit  in  baling  hay.  whether  the  crop 
is  to  be  shipped  or  used  for  feeding 
purposes.  For  shipment  baling  is  an 
absolute  necessity.  The  economical 
points  of  having  the  crop  baled  for 
feeding  or  stora.ge  purposes  are  read- 
ily admitted — viz..  ease  in  handling; 
no  loss  from  exposure  or  transport- 
ing; saving  of  space;  destruction  by 
fire  almost  an   impossibility. 

According  to  the  statistics  of  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agricul- 
ttire.  the  hay  crop  is  the  most  valuable 
crop  raisi'd  in  this  country.  Under 
these  circumstances,  modern  methods 
should  be  employed  in  handling  it.  Do 
not  wait  for  your  neighbor  to  get  a 
press,  get  one  yourself. 

The  Kansas  City  Hay  Press  Co..  of 
Kansas  City.  Mo.,  have  been  for  twenty 
years  in  the  manufacture  of  hay  bal- 
ing machinery.  Their  line  is  very  ex- 
tensive, presses  being  offered  for  hand. 
horse  or  steam  power.  Prom  these  nu- 
m.^rons  styles  the  purchaser  has  no 
difficulty  in  selecting  a  machine  to 
suit  bis  needs.  Every  press  they  make 
is  absolutely  guaranteed,  and  each  in 
its  class  is  unexcelled  by  anything  on 
the  market.  It,  will  pay  the  reader  to 
ser.d  for  thoir  catalogue. 

This  company  also  make  a  line  of 
Standard  Scales,  of  guaranteed  accu- 
racy and  durability. 

Their  gasoline  engine  made  in  differ- 
ent sizes  is  adapted  to  all  farm  pur- 
posfs.  and  has  become  very  popular  in 
the  last  few  years  owing  to  its  eco- 
nomical and  durable  features.  Write 
them  for  prices,  terms  and  further  in- 
formation. Refer  to  this  paper  when 
making  inquiries. 


AX  ECONOMICAL  MOTHER. 

Small  Katherine.  who  had  been  for- 
bidden to  touch  the  ink  bottle,  had  ac- 
cidentally spilled  its  contents  not  only 
all  over  her  mother's  desk,  but  on  the 
rug,  several  chairs,  and  her  own  apron. 
Her  mother,  on  discovering  the  state 
of  afPai.-s,  had  expressed  more  surprise 
than  pleasure.  When  the  father  of 
the  family  returned  at  night  his  lif'o 
datighter  met  him  at  the  door  and 
asked — 

"Papa,  how  much  does  a  bottle  of 
ink  cost?" 

"Oh,  about  five  cents." 

"Five  cents!"  exclaimed  the  ag- 
grieved youngster,  in  a  tone  of  deep 
disgust.  "And  to  think  that  mamma 
would  make  all  that  fuss  about  one 
little  bottle  of  ink." — July  I>ippin- 
cott's. 


"The  new  railroad's  comin'  our  way." 
"Yes,  an'  soon  as  we  kin  git  damages 
out    of   it    we're   a-goln'   to   grade   the 
cemetery  an'  plant  the  town  hall." 


BLUE  GRASS  FARMS  and  MINERAL  LANDS. 

Send  for  Fret'  Real  Estate  Bulletin. 
Southwestern  Va.  Land  Agency,  Wytheville,  Va. 


FlUC  FADUC  iu  the  great  fruit  grain  and 
Milt     lAnlnO    stock  section    of  VIRGINIA. 

«efi  ciimate  and  water  in  the  L'.  S.  Near  great 
markets,  with  best  educational  advantages. 
For  further  information,  address 

ALBEMARLE    IMMIGRATION  CO.. 
.S.vM'L  B.  Wooiis.  Pres  Charlottesville.  Va. 


VIRGINIA  FARMS 

All  prices  and  sizes.    Free  list  on  application. 
WM  B.  PIZZINi  CO.,  Richmond.  V«. 


For  full  par- 
ticulars write 
A.   JEFFERS, 
Norfolk,  Va. 


Go  South. 


WANTED, 


TO  BUY  A  rAKM  OF  .SO  OR  60 


buildings,  good  water  an<1  some  wood — in  South* 
.Southwest  Virginia,  or  Korth  '"arolina.  I  will 
pay  S4to5.T  per  acre.  Detailed  statement,  ad- 
dress "K.  K.  '  Care  of  Southern  Planter. 


A  Splendid  Opportunity  for  an   Ex= 
perienced  Trucker,    address, 
W.  S.  MATHEWS, 

Big  Stone  Qap,  Va. 


WANTED 

By  an  experienced  farmer,  a  position  as  man- 
ager on  large  farm.  Can  take  charge  at  once. 
Rest  references  ^iven.  Address  "FARMER," 
R.  F.  D.  No.  5,  Richmond  Va. 


WANTED 

.\  white  man  for  general  farm  work.  Not  a 
manager.  Good  wages.  Good  home.  Near 
Riihniond.  Va.  Address  GIX'.  M.  WEST, 
Ruhnioi.d,  Va. 


WANTED— A  WHITE  FAMILY  TO  WORK 
for  wages  in  the  country:  woman  to  cook; 
another  to  work  in  house  and  dairy  (fuel 
and  water  right  at  hand)  and  a  man  or  boy 
care  for  driving  horges,  work  in  garden, 
etc.  All  at  the  same  home.  Address, 
WALTER  RANDOLPH  CRABBE, 
Hague,  Westmoreland  Co.,  Va. 


FRAZER 

Ax'e  Grease  thewolm. 

Its  wearing  qualities  are  unsurpassed,  ac- 
tually out'astlus  :i  bxs    any  other  brand, 

Noi  u'lV.  ,i.  '1  I'v  lunt.    A£"Get  the  Genuine. 
!  i  •!:  SAi  r  in-  ai.i.  dk.vleks. 


MARK     YOUR    STOCK. 

KENTUCKY  ALu'mNUM  EAR  LABEL 

Ma<Ie  by  F.  H.  J.uksox  a:  Co..  Wlncbesler.  Kv 
Wrilelo  ihem  for  free  samples. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


527 


FARMS  FOR  SALE! 

Farm  No.  2. 

Contains  265  acres;  215  under  culti- 
vation; 50  acres  original  oak  and 
hickory.  Fronts  on  tlie  pike  running 
from  Wincliester  to  Alexandria;  five 
miles  from  railroad;  one-half  mile 
from  proposed  electric  railroad.  Excel- 
lent six-room  dwelling  house,  with 
broad  halls,  standing  in  a  large,  nicely- 
shaded  blue-grass  lawn;  all  necessary 
outbuildings;  land  chocolate  clay,  with 
stiff  clay  subsoil;  all  level,  but  rolling 
enough  to  drain  well;  fine  for  wheat 
and  grass;  well  watered.  Owner  con- 
templates making  improvements.  But 
if  sold  before,  price  $25  per  acre,  on 
easy  terms. 

No.  4. 

Contains  100  acres,  all  under  cultiva- 
tion, and  in  good  condition.  Good 
frame  dwelling  and  all  necessary  out- 
buildings in  good  condition.  Situated 
on  the  pike,  with  market  wagons  pass- 
ing every  day.  paying  Washington  city 
prices  for  produce.  Splendidly  situated 
for  fruit,  poultry,  dairy  and  trucking. 
Price  now,  $2,000.  on  easy  terms. 
No.  10. 

This  farm  contains  100  acres — 40 
acres  in  white  oak,  chestnut  and  pine; 
60  acres  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation. 
In  lots  of  from  S  to  12  acres  in  a 
field;  well  fenced.  Especially  adapted 
to  fruit  and  wheat  and  clover.  Has  a 
nice  8-room  house,  two  porches,  new 
barn,  double  grainary,  wagon  drive 
and  cow  sheds.  A  good  4-room 
tenant  house.  Situated  2'^  miles  from 
station  on  main  line  of  Southern  rail- 
road; 5  miles  from  county  seat  of 
Fairfax  county.  Price,  $20  per  acre. 
No.  11. 

Contains  315  acres  In  high  state  of 
improvement.  Large  frame  dwelling, 
10  rooms,  2  large  cattle  barns,  and  all 
necessary  farm  buildings  in  good  re- 
pair. Land  watered  by  spring  branches. 
Situated  in  aristocratic  neighborhood. 
Convenient  to  depot  and  to  Washington 
market.  Price,  $50  per  acre. 
No.  12. 

A  desirable  farm  of  96  acres,  all 
under  cultivation.  Situated  in  upper 
Fairfax  county,  Va.,  22  miles  from 
from  Washington,  D.  C,  by  railroad; 
6  miles  from  station  on  Biumont  Di- 
vision of  the  SoutherK  railroad;  front- 
ing on  a  Macadamized  pike  leading  into 
Washington.  A  substantial  dwelling 
house  with  five  rooms;  stable  and 
granary.  A  large  orchard  of  apples 
and  peaches  in  full  bearing.  Land  all 
in  good  state  of  improvement  and  is 
productive;  fine  for  wheat  and  grass. 
One  mile  from  village  with  post-office, 
stores,  churches,  canning  factory  and 
mill.  Water  by  spring  branch,  well 
and  cistern. 

Market  wagons  pass  this  home  every 


day,  paying  cash  for  all  country  pro- 
duce. Price  of  farm  $1,800,  on  easy 
terms. 

No.  13. 
An  excellent  little  farm  in  lower 
Loudoun  county,  Va.  Contains  117 
acres;  90  under  cultivation,  balance 
in  hardwood  timber.  Land  is  choco- 
late clay  and  loam  with  a  stiff  clay 
subsoil.  Adapted  to  grain  and  grass. 
Has  a  new  9-room  dwelling,  with  a 
fine  cold  well  at  the  back  door;  good 
barn,  35x40;  large  wagon  and  machine 
sheds  and  granary.  Situated  4  miles 
from  railroad  station,  20  miles  from 
Washington.  D.  C.  About  100  apple 
and  peach  trees  in  bearing.  Land  is 
gently  rolling  and  well  drained.  Price 
$27.50  per  acre,  on  easy  terms. 

W.  E.  MILLER, 
Herndon,  Va. 


Fertilizer  is  a  very  important  item 
to  every  farmer.  In  buying  his  fer- 
tilizer he  should  know  that  he  is  get- 
ting an  article  that  is  not  only  going 
to  stimulate  and  increase  the  yield  for 
a  short  time,  but  an  article  that  will 
permanently  enrich  the  soil  and  keep 
up  the  fertility  of  the  farm,  and  to  ac- 
complish this  bone,  tankage  and  blood 
should  be  extensively  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  high  grade  fertilizers, 
because  the  nitrogen  and  phosphoric 
acid  in  these  ingredients  are  not  leach- 
ed out  of  the  soil  by  heavy  rains,  yet 
are  in  the  best  and  most  available  form 
of  plant  food.  The  fertilizer  should 
be  made  from  well  cured  stock,  which 
has  been  carried  long  enough  to  Insure 
the  material  going  through  the  drill 
ns  easily  as  the  wheat. 

The  QUPStion  of  chemical  proportions 
must  be  thoroughly  considered  in  the 
manufacture  of  fertilizers,  and  a  fully 
equipped  chemical  laboratory  is  an  ab- 
solute necessity.  The  analyses  of  the 
different  grades  of  tankage,  bone, 
blood,  potash,  nitrate  of  soda,  etc., 
vary  considerably.  To  produce  a  high 
grade,  even  product  requires  a  num- 
ber of  careful  analyses  by  expert  chem- 
ists. 

To  the  farmer,  especially  in  the  fall, 
the  question  of  prompt  delivery  Is  all 
important — he  does  not  want  to  wait 
for  bis  fertilizer — his  needs  then  are 
imnerative.  The  shipping  season  for 
fertilizer  is  so  short — from  the  first  of 
August  to  the  later  part  of  September 
— that  large  warehouses  and  perfect 
shipping  facilities  are  necessary  to 
pi'ompt  shipments.  Positive  assur- 
ance of  prompt  shipments  can  only  be 
given  bv  factories  well  equipped  and 
of  sufficient  capacity  to  handle  large 
quantities  on  short  notice. 

The  advertisement  of  the  Armour 
Fertilizer  Works,  in  another  column 
of  this  paper,  calls  attention  to  some 
of  the  foregoing  points.  The  name  of 
Armour  has  always  been  synonymous 
with  the  production  of  reliable  goods; 
their  equipment  is  unsurpassed,  and 
their  success  indicates  the  character  of 
their  business  dealings  in  the  past. 


Horse  Owners!   Use 

GOMBAXTLT'S 

Caustic 
Balsam 

A  Safe  Speedy  and  Positive  Car* 
The  Safest,  Best  BLISTER  ever  used.  Tafce» 
the  place  ol  ail  linimenta  lor  miia  or  severe  actioo. 
Bemoves  Bunches  or  Elemisbes  from  Horse* 
Bnd  Cattle.  SUPERSEOES  ALL  CAUTERY 
OR  FIRING  •  impossible  to  produce  scar  or  blemish. 
Every  bottle  sold  is  warranted  to  give  satlsfactloa 
Price  $|.50  per  bottle.  Sold  by  drugKists,  or 
lent  by  express,  cfa»rBrea  paid,  with  full  directionff 
for  its  use.  Send  for  descriptive  circulare. 
THB  LAWRSNCB-WILLIAMS  CO..  CleTelapd    Ot 


DEATH  TO  HEAVES 


NKWTON'SHeavet  Cough,  I>U> 
U-mpvr    and  iDdlgeBUon  Core. 

-'uiiry  spccilic  for  wind, 


Tuledu,  Uhio. 


Why  Not  Get  tiie  Best? 


tierce's    C/^lery   Q^ompound 
for    Constipation.     Dyspepsia,     Malaria    and 
Chills  and  Fevers,  and  a  general  tonic  tablet. 

Send  for  free  sample,  it«  costs  you  nothing  to 
try  the  best  family  medicine  on  earth. 

AGENTS  WANTED. 

NATURE'S   REMEDY  CO., 

WASHINGTON.  D.  C. 


^EENSBORO,  N.C. 

'h-.  treatment  of  THE  LIQUOR,  OPIUM,  MORPHINE  and 
<■•!  Drug  Addictions.  The  Tobbacco  Habit,  Nerve  ExIiaustion 


Little  Chicks 

-thrive  when  fed  on  our 
BABY  CHICK  FOOD. 

'  A  perfect  bahrnced  food.  Sendifor  free 
sample  aud  our  large  illustrated  catalog 
of  POULTRY  SUPPLIES. 

INCUBATORS. nud 

BROODERS. 

FANCIERS'  SUPPLY.CO., 

S17-519  West  Broad'St.,! 

Richmond,  Va. 

EVERYTHINQ     POR    THE    FANCIER. 


NO  HUMBUG. 


Boms.  Prioe»1.60.  good  »1  for  trial.  If  UBuUi.SflDd  l.ol. 
uce.  P.fdM.jC.lM.  B.>c.iidC.irH.id.TODljI5o. 
FARMER  BRIGHTON,  FAIRFIELD,  IOWA. 


lUPnni  r»n*TP  are  handsome,  hardy  and 
ANbUnA  bUA  I  O  pntUable.  For  large  cir 
LUlar  address  E.  W.  COLE  i  CO..  Big  Clifty.  Ky. 


528 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[August 


ELMWOOD  NURSERIES. 

ASPARA  -US 

100,000  ■J-yr.  old  Aspara^'js  roots, 
n  varieties.  A  speeial  rate  of  $:i.50 
per  10"0  for  2  mos.  f..r  BAKU'S, 
PALMETIO,  CONOVEK. 

APPLES 

A  large  general  assortment,  in- 
rliuiing  \VIN1->;aPS  and  YOKK 
IMPEKIAI.S. 

Splendid    Assortment 

of  Ornamental,  Shade 

and  Frui«  Trees. 


■  ll  U  \     Brabnias.    Brown    L< 
L  U  U  U     ll  rns  at  $1.00  per  13. 


WHITE  FOR  OCK   CATALOtiTE. 


JiimKHUBIiO.  ilMHO 

FREE  SAMPLE 

Of  "THE    STORV   OF   MT     IIFE     AND 
•WOKK.,"  Bj-  Booker  T.  Waslvineton. 

Bend  03  your  name  and 
adjrees.  We  want  yon 
to  have  a  copy  of  tbla 
autobiography  of  the 
greatejit  living-  Negro 
for  tho  purpose  of  In- 
troducing   It     In     your 

.,  community.  It  Is  a 
remarkable  seller,  big 
r.-oflt;  agfnts  are  mak- 
ing from  S4  to  SIC  per 
.Jay.  'Will  you  Intro- 
duce It  by  selling  or 
getting  us  an  agent? 
If  eo.  send  at  once  for 
a  Eample. 

S  J.  t.  NICHOLS  &  CO., 
Atlanta,  Ga. 
Benin?  Price  St.OO.  «I5  Austell  Rnlldlngk 


SPECIAL  SALE 

I'en.veiy  tine  liarrcrl  Plymouth  Kock  chick 
enc,  as  folliiws: 

8  'J4  full  stock  1  year  old  hong,  my  own  rnlslD^; 
1  thoroii)i,'h-bred  hen  from  S.  B.  Johnson  yHrds:  1 
thorouf?h-br<(l  cockerel,  my  own  ralsinj;.*  The-e 
are  vcrv  line  birds,  beautifully  marked.  Thev 
are  well  worth  tl'iOO.  but  to  fell  oulcklv  will 
takeSlL'.OO     This  Isa  rnre  opponunltv. 

PIEDMONT    POULTRY    PLACE, 
Miss  E.  Callis  Giles,  Prop,  Whittle's  Depot,  Va. 


32  Varieties 
Best  Poultry 

in  cither  old  or  yoiiiiK  M.n-k"' 

INO.  E.  HEATWOLE.  Harrisonburg.  Va. 

Mention  the  Southern  Planter  when 
corresponding  with  advertisers. 


Reduced  prli-e 
on  cgg8  bal  of 
seiison.  (iet  mv 
fine  cutiiloi;.  iV 
free  fnr  fiiamp 
Many  lircedlnK 
birds  to  offer  I 
can  please  voti 


SHREDDED   FODDER. 

.About  one-half  the  feed  value  of  the 
corn  crop  is  in  the  stalks,  and  when- 
ever this  fact  is  thoroughly  understood 
the  corn  grower  considers  it  just  as 
important  to  shred  the  fodder  as  to 
husk  the  ears.  It  the  stalks  are  allow- 
ed to  stand  in  the  field  until  after  the 
corn  is  husked,  the  fodder  has  little  or 
no  value  as  feed  stuff,  and  this  ex- 
plains much  of  the  misinformation 
that  is  still  extant  relative  to  shredded 
fodder.  Neither  timothy  nor  clover 
would  make  good  feed  if  allowed  to 
stand  too  long  before  cutting.  If, 
however,  the  corn  is  cut  at  the  right 
time,  the  fodder  when  shredded  makes 
excellent  feed,  which  analysis  shows 
to  be  fully  as  nutritious  as  timothy 
hay.  The  McCormick  Husker  and 
Shredder  enables  the  farmer  to  husk 
and  shred  his  corn  at  one  operation, 
thus  saving  time  as  well  as  all  of  the 
corn,  and  practically  doubling  the 
value  of  the  crop. 


The  advertisement  of  the  Eli  Hay 
Presses,  manufactured  by  the  Collins 
Plow  Co.,  Quincy.  111.,  is  running  in 
our  columns.  Our  readers  cannot  help 
but  be  familiar  with  these  famous 
presses.  As  made  to-day  they  are  the 
result  of  many  years'  experience  in 
hav  press  manufacture.  A  feature  of 
the  No.  1  continuous  travel  two-horse 
press,  which  perhaps  has  the  widest 
use  of  any,  is  the  immense  pressure 
anplied  to  the  hay  for  the  power  used, 
the  manufacturer  stating  it  as  r.5  to  1 
or  concretely,  a  horse  draft  of  500 
pounds  exerts  a  pressure  of  upwards 
of  over  30.000  pounds.  This  explains 
the  solid  compact  bales  for  which  this 
prosR  is  noted.  This,  with  their  uni- 
form shapeliness,  .gives  the  Eli  pro- 
duct a  preference  in  the  market,  re- 
ceiving also  the  favor  of  shippers,  who 
arc  able  to  get  the  maximum  amount 
in  the  car  The  Elis  are  strong  ani 
durable  machines,  have  large  feed 
openings  and  do  rapid  work.  The  ad- 
vertisement should  be  consulted  by 
every  prospective  buyer. 


DANAaiXE   MILITARY   INSTITUTE. 

On  page  2  of  the  cover  of  this  issue 
will  be  found  the  advertisement  of 
this  well-known  school.  We  invite 
the  attention  of  every  father  to  this 
card,  and  ask  that  they  send  for  the 
vear  book  of  this  Institute.  In  addi- 
tion to  being  one  of  the  handsomest 
catalogues  we  have  ever  seen,  it  con- 
tains a  full  and  thorough  description 
of  the  plan  and  scope  of  the  institute, 
explaining  fully  everything  necessary 
for  a  parent  to  know  before  sendin.g 
his  boy  to  college.  Colonel  Horace 
Campbell.  A.  M..  Ph.  D.,  will  take 
pleasure  In  giving  his  personal  atten- 
tion to  all  Inquirers. 


How  did  you  come  to  get  the  medal? 
Were  you  first  in  the  class? 

Tommy:  Naw;  I  licked  de  boy  what 
was. 


BROWN    LEGHORNS. 


Youu'_'  stock  for  sale  in 

Pall.     Pric^s  reasonable. 

White    Plymouth     Rocks. 
R.  W.  HAW.Jr.,  -        Centralia,  Va. 


PIT  games: 

Black  Devils  and  Red  Horses. 

These  cocks  won  !K)  per  cent  of  battles  fought 
in  1901  and  ly02  and  have  never  lost  a  battle 
when  nameness  and  cutting  qualities  could  win. 
Choice  lot  of  young  and  old  stock  for  sale. 

THOS.  W.  JARMAN,  Yancey  Mills,  Va. 


WANTED! 

ALL  KINDS   OF 

LIVF  Wl   D  BIROS  AND  ANIMALS 

Particularly    Deer.    Wild    Turkeys,    White 

Squirrels.    Ducks,   Swans,   Etc. 

CECIL   FRENCH, 

718  Twelfth  St.  N.  W..  Washington.  0.  C. 


FOR    SaLE. 

Large  English  Berkshire  Hogs, 
Barred   Plymou  h  Fock  Chickens 

BEN.  BOLT,  60747,  430  lbs.  as  a  yearling  at 
head   of  herd.       .rrEGGS   IN  SEASON. 
lOHN  P.  FOSTER,  Nocreek.  Ohio  Co  .  Ky. 


...  DLROC  JERSEY  ROOTERS ... 

THK     KIND   you   SHOUi  D    HAVE. 

Fancier's  Stock       :::      Farmer's  Prices 
Spring  pigs  all  pold,  now  booking  orders  for 

Fall  pigs;  you'd  better  get  in  line 

Finest Btiain  B.  P.  Kocksiu  Virginia! 

THE  CKDARS  WH    O.  OWENS, 

P.  and  S.  FABH.  Midlothian,  Va. 


READY  FOR  IMMEDIATE  DELIVERY: 


A  limited  number  of  big  bone  POLAND- 
CHINA  pigs.  Good,  growthy,  thrifty  stock, 
8  to  10  weeks  old  at  pork  prices  to  make  room 
for  young  stock. 

•W.    F.    ROCKS    CKeap. 

BYRD  BROS.,  R.  F.  D.  3, 

Salisburv,  N.  C. 


WANTED 

If  you  have  any  GOOD  ANGORA  GOATS 
to  sell,  give  lowest  cash  price  on  a  lot  from 
twenty-live  to  fifty  does— also  on  same  num- 
ber of  does  with  kida  at  side.  Address, 
FOXIIALL   l-'ARM,  Norfolk,  Va. 


.  ..  FOR  SALE.  .. 

Si.x  Beagle  Pups  pure  bred  and  beautifully 
marked. 

C.  T.  SMITH, 

Cro.'ilon,  Va. 


COLLIE   PUPS 


By  Imported  .-^ires  -able  and  white  and  tri- 
colors. Trices.  S.S  to  Sl.'t.  Older  ones  correspond- 
inglv  low-  Hook  on  Training.  .'W  cents:  Fbee  If 
you  buy  a  Collie.  M  APLEMONT  STOCK  FARM, 
Albany.  Vermont. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


529 


Market  Toppers  for  Sale,  Low. 


One    thoroughbred    Angus  cow,   unregistered. 

coming  3  yrs.,  with  heifer  calt'ai  foot 
Four  three-fourths  Angus  heifers,  two  coming 

3  yrs.,  two  coming  -1  yrs  ,  bred  to  reg.  Angus 

hull. 
Four"-even-elghth«  Angu»beifer=,  coming 2 yrs., 

bred  to  reg  Angus  bull. 
Three  geven-elghths.  Angus  heifers,  ooming  1  yr. 
Four  one  half  "ngu"  heifers,  coming  1  yr. 
Several  fine  reg  Angus  bull  calVes  frrm  3  to  7 

mos.  old  at  a  bargain 
2  nice  grade  Dorset  ram  lambs  at  a  bargain. 
One  12  moa.  old  reg.  .\ngus  heifer. 
All  of  theabove  cattle  are  blac'-.  and  as  well 

polled  as  a  thoroughbred  Angus.     Address 

W.  M.  WATKINS  &  SONS, 
Randolph,   Va. 
Charlotte  county. 


ANGUS  BULL  CALVES 

SIRED    BY  THE 
CKampion    Bull    BARON    IDA. 

These  calves  are  choice  individuals. 

ENGLISH  SETTER  PUPS. 
Sire  and  dam  prize  winners. 
WARREN  RICE,  Winchester,  Va. 


FOR    SALK. 

My  ABERDEEN. ANGUS  Herd  Bull, 

Hero  of  Bunker  Hill,  No  31,462. 
He  is  an  extra  tcond  breeder. 
J.  TABB  JANNEY,  Van  Clevesville,  W.  Va. 

.  .  .  FOR  SALE.  . . 

HOLSTEIN   BULL 

Pure  bred,  2  years  old,  line  order,  perfectly 
gentle,  and  SURE;  reasons  for  selling  is  kin 
to  my  stock:  also  offer  a  pure  bred  calf  by 
above  Biill.  JOy.  HARDIE.  Brown  Summit, 
N.  C. 


Swift   Creek  Stock  and    Dairy  Farm 

|fc^^^^^^^^^   Has  for  sale  a  large  num- 
^^■^^^^^^^■k  ber  regls- 

V^^^^H^^VI  tereil 


JERSEY  BULLS 
jOummm  AND  HEIFERS. 

None  better  bred  In  the  South.  Combining 
ciosely  the  most  noted  and  up-to-date  blood 
In  America.  Bulls  10  to  12  months  old,  $25; 
Heifers,  same  age,  $35.  POLAND  CHINA 
PIGS,  $5  each.  Send  check  and  get  what 
jou  want. 

T.  P.  BRASWELL.  Prop."   Battleboro,  N.  C. 

FOR    '^ai  p       ,rrn»rrfffi?« 

10  JERSEY  COWS  :  1  SHARl'LES  .SEPARATOR 
10  cans  and  jackets  for  same,  1  ICE  BOX. 

Am  changing  my  business,  so  will  sell  the 
above  at  very  reasonable  price,    address 

C.  n.  BASS,  Rice  Depot,  Va. 


YOU  WILL   FIND   THIS   INTEREST- 
ING. 

By  a  resolution  of  the  Virginia  Com- 
mission of  "the  Louisiana  Purchase 
Exposition,"  the  undersigned  have 
beon  designated  to  superintend  the 
collection  of  minerals  and  mineral  pro- 
ducts for  exposition  at  St.  Louis,  and 
to  prepare  a  description  of  the  mineral 
wealth  of  Virginia. 

We,  therefore,  request  all  owners  of 
mines  or  mineral  lands,  and  all  per- 
sons interested  in  the  mineral  re- 
sources of  Virginia,  to  aid  us  in  mak- 
ing this  exhibit  a  creditable  one  to 
our  State,  their  district  and  them- 
selves. 

To  do  this,  send,  without  delay,  a 
statement  of  what  minerals  you  have 
and  propose  to  exhibit;  what  develop- 
ments have  been  made  on  these — that 
is,  whether  or  not  they  have  been 
opened  up  and  are  being  worked,  and 
if  so,  to  what  extent.  If  the  material 
has  been  analyzed,  send  copy  of  the 
analysis,  with  date  and  name  of 
chemist. 

On  receipt  of  this  information,  we 
will  at  cnce  send  full  information  how 
to  select  a  specimen  for  exhibition, 
with  directions  for  shipping.  We  de- 
sire to  call  special  attention  to  build- 
ing stones,  and  in  case  a  good  build- 
ing stone  is  known  to  exist,  and  has 
been  partially  developed,  which  is  not 
now  being  worked  (quarried)  else- 
where in  this  State,  we  will,  on  receipt 
of  a  sample,  sent  by  mail  or  express 
prepaid,  examine  the  same,  and  if  we 
find  i*^  of  sufficient  value,  send  an  ex- 
pert to  assist  in  collecting  a  specimen 
and  attend  to  its  being  properly  cut 
and   finished   for  exhibition. 

We  are  also  endeavoring  to  have  a 
creditable  exhibit  of  the  clays  of  Vir- 
.ginia,  and  desire  to  call  the  attention 
of  owners  to  clay  lands  to  the  advant- 
age presented  by  this  exposition  to 
draw  attention  to  their  valuable  de- 
posits. 

Owners  of  mineral  springs  are  re- 
oiiosted  to  notify  us  if  they  desire  to 
make  an  exhibit.  The  commission  is 
endepvoring  to  make  this  part  of  the 
exhibit  as  complete  as  possible.  The 
exhibit  should  consist  of  bottled 
waters,  with  analysis,  date  and  name 
of  chemist,  photographs  of  surround- 
in.ffs   of  springs,   hotels,   etc. 

All  communications  should  be  ad- 
dressed to  us  at  17  South  Twelfth 
street,  Richmond,  Va. 

FROF.HLTNfi     &    ROBERTSOX. 


CAMPl^EI-L  FANNING  MILL. 

The  M.  Campbell  Fanning  IWill  Com- 
pany has  an  advertisement  on  another 
page  in  this  Issue.  Look  it  up  and 
write  to  them  for  their  most  liberal 
terms  for  this  machine.  They  will 
take  pleasure  in  forwarding  catalogues 
or  anv  other  information  desired. 


Kentucky 
HEREFORDS 

Headed  by  the  famous 

ACROBAT 

No.  6S460  and  the  celebrated 

inPORTED  BRITISHER 

No.  14.5096  Champion  Bull  over  all  breeds  in 
England  and  Grand  Sweepstakes  Champion 
at  Chicago  1902  Live  Stock  Exposition. 

We  can  furnish  buyers  with  anything  they 
wish  from  the  FANCIEST  THAT  CAN  BE 
BRED  to  the  cheaper  class  usually  desired  by 
the  beginner.  Write  us  before  buying.  Glad 
inquiries. 


Qiltner  Bros.,  Eminence,  Ky. 


Poland=China  and 

'  amworth   Pigs  for  Sale — 

eligible  to  registration  ;  also 

Hampshire    Down   Sheep 

and  }?rade  Hereford  cattle,  }i  or  i/ 

bred.     Calves,  >  eurling.s  and  2  yr.  old. 

J.  C.  GRAVES,  Barboursville.  Orange  Co.,  Va, 


HAYFIELDS  STOCK  FARM  HAS 

FOR  SALE 

Seven  Registered  HEREFORD  BULLS  8 
months  old  to  2V2  years.  Two  Registered 
HIilREFORP  HEIFERS  8  months  old  and  1 
year.     Six  OXFOHDDOWN   BUCK  LAMBS. 

WIVI.  D.  MERRYMAN, 

Cockeysville,  JVld- 


DORSETS  and  HEREFORDS. 


I  am  now  offering  my  superior  herd  bull 
ROY  MAY,  .90183;  and  some~fine  male  calves.  I 
am  also  booking  orders  for  Dorset  rams  and 
ram  lambs. 

H.  ARMSTRONG.   L«HTZ  MILLS,  VA. 


What  is  better  than  presence  of 
mind  in  a  railroad  accident?  Absence 
of  body. 


V.P.I. 

Farm  Bulletin 

Our  Jersey  Herd  Bull  for  sale— PEDRO'S 
VIRGINIUS,  45919,  grandson  of  Pedro,  3187, 
and  of  Marjoram  Second,  12805,  both  of 
World's  Fair  tame.  The  Bull  offered  has 
been  used  in  our  herd  for  several  years,  and 
is  sold  to  prevent  In-breeding.  Price  low, 
quality  considered. 

D.  0.  NOURSE,  Prof,  of  Agr. 
Blacksburg,  Va. 


ST.    O  M  E  R    H  E  R  D 

Offers  young  hulls  fit  for  service,  out  of 
tested  dams  with  good  yearly  records.  Strong 
In  Exile  of  St.  L.,  King  of  St.  L.  and  Stoke 
Pogis  of  Prospect.    Reasonable  prices. 

JOS.  T.  HOOPES,  Bynum,  Md. 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  num- 
bers can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Address 
our  Business  OfBce. 


530 


THE  SOUTHEIiX  PLANTER. 


[Aiij^iist 


WAREVIEW  FARM 

GI.OUCKSTER,     VA. 

-    OFFERS  FOR  SALE   '^ 

3  large  Berkshire  Boars  : 

Beau  ok  Biltmore, 

Columbiana's  Mason,  and 

Bob  Loomis,  Jr. 

Will  be  priced  low,  also  about  100 
head  of  extra  fiiie  Boar  and  Sow  pigs  by 
the  above  Boars  and  out  of  the  befct 
Sows.  Kntitled  to  registry  Price,  pl- 
each, or  8  for|!:!0,  Senil  stamp  for  reply. 
R    S.  CaHERON  &  SON,  Props. 


RERKSHIRES 

ANNEFIELD  HERD 

Represents    the 

^Finest  Blood  Lines 

in  England. or  America. 

Slock  for  sale  at  all  times. 

Correspondence  Solleliefi. 

Inspection  Invited. 

EDW.  G.  BUTLER,  Annefield  Farms, 

Briggs,  Clarke  Co..  Va. 


CHOICE  YOUNG 

BERKSHIRES 

of  Both  Se.ves,  for  Sale. 

By  HIghclere  Topper  of  Ulltuiore  II,   out  of 
Imported  Ilarlene. 

IMiniborya  Farm,  Box  901 ,  Richmond,  Va 


Registered  Berkshlres 

Duke  of  Mansfield  (IW561 1  2;._,  years.  $1.'.  00. 
Mansfield  Cricket  ii;h709)  2  years  to  Farrow 
Septeniber,  11108,  820.00. 

2  Cillls  I  Months,  JS.OO  each. 
Write  at  once. 

\V.  KI.I.IOT  HAJUMOND, 

Coochland  C.  li..  V«. 


Hawksley  Stock  Farm 

has  some  extra  nice  Berkshire  Pigs 
for  sale.  Also  one  handsome  young 
boar,  seven  months  old.  All  entitled 
to  be  registered. 

J.  T.  OLIVER, 

Aliens  Level,  Va. 

A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  num- 
bers can  be  bad  for  25  cents.  Address 
our  Business  Office. 


MAGAZINES. 

The  midsummer  holiday  Century  is 
characterized  by  articles  on  unknown 
regions,  by  a  varied  personal  interest 
and  by  an  appeal  to  artistic  taste,  both 
in  color  work  and  in  black  and  white. 

The  most  outof-the-way  articles  are 
"New  Lifjht  on  Lhasa,  the  Forbidden 
Ciiy."  with  unpublished  photographs 
taken  by  a  Kalmuk  pilgrim  which  Mr. 
Rockhili,  the  Tibetan  traveller,  in  a 
prefactory  note,  j)ronounces  "of  extra- 
ordinary interest."  and  "An  Artist  in 
the  Antarctic,  '  by  F.  W.  Stokes,  whose 
pictu.-es  are  the  first  news  in  color 
from   that  still   mysterious   region. 

Other  out-door  subjects  are  Yellow- 
stone Park  ("A  Place  of  Marvels"),  by 
Ray  Stannard  Baker,  in  "The  Great 
Northwest"  Series,  illustrated  by 
Bliimenschein,  and  "An  English  Game 
Park."  with  texi  and  pictures  (ante- 
lope, rabbits  and  foreign  animalsi  by 
the  artists,  Gleeson  and   Knight. 

The  personal  articles  comprise  let- 
ters of  Walter  Scott,  recounting  his 
•Later  Days,"  with  much  variety  of 
detail;  "Chapters  from  a  Diplomatic 
Life."  reminiscences  of  people  and 
evontfe.  by  Andrew  D.  White,  and 
"Wesley's  Days  of  Triumph,"  a  pen 
I)ortrait  of  this  great  preacher  and  in- 
te!Tstin,i  character,  by  Professor  Win- 
chester, supplemented  by  an  editorial 
article,  "Wanted,  Another  Wesley." 

An  authoritative  and  important  spe- 
cial article  on  a  topic  of  current  in- 
terest to  both  town  and  country  is  "A 
City's  Campaign  for  Pure  Milk,"  by 
Miss  Fallows,  with  pictures  by  Miss 
Harding. 

The  fiction  includes  "The  Yellow 
■Van,"  Richard  Whiteing's  novel,  with 
a  scene  revealing  high  play  at  bridge 
whist  among  English  women  of  so- 
ciety; a  short  tale  by  David  Gray  (a 
horse-sale  story):  "Overhauling  the 
Politicianers."  a  humourous  sketch  of 
the  Maine  coast,  by  George  S.  Wasson ; 
"Chills."  a  tale  of  a  Missouri  overflow, 
by  R.  E.  Young;  "To  Her  Who  Loved 
Him  Best  of  All,"  by  Cyrus  Townsend 
Brady — in  a  new  vein  for  that 
author— and  "The  Tramp,"  a  curious 
"Pa  Gladden"  story  by  Elizabeth 
Cherry  Waltz. 

T.  B.  Aldrich  contributes  a  paper 
of  random  observations  on  life  and 
literature,  and  there  is  an  example  of 
Frederick  MacMonnies's  portraiture 
and  the  usual  humorous  miscellany. 
#  *  • 
Lippincott's  Magazine  for  August 
Iirovides  a  feast  of  fiction  for  idle  days. 
The  opening  novel,  by  Elizabeth  Duer, 
is  called  "The  Green  Dragon,"  and 
possesses  all  the  qualities  desirable  in 
11  magazine  novel.  There  is  not  a  dull 
paragraph  in  it.  Through  an  oppor- 
tuue  spill  out  of  his  automobile  the 
"Greek  type"  chauffetir  is  cast  upon 
the  hospitality  of  an  engaging  widow, 
who  sees  it  her  dt.ity  to  take  him  in 
and  do  for  his  broken  hip-bone  until  it 
mends.  By  that  time  lots  of  unex- 
i)ected  things  happen,  not  the  least 
of  them  being  a  bit  of  burglary,  which 


POLAND-CHINA 


...   PIGS  ... 
FOR  SALE 

sired  by  a  son  of  Coi'rector,  the 
(vreat  prize  winner  that  sold  for 
|2,500.U0  and  out  of  sows  by 
Chief  Tecumseh  II,  Zenith 
Chief,  .1.  H.  Sanders  and  other 
prize  winners.  No  better  bred 
in  the  U.  S 

Pure  bred  Shropshire  Shekp. 

ARROWHEAD  STOCK  FARM, 

SAMUEL  B.  WOODS.  Prop. 

Charlott<:sville,   Va. 


LARGE 


-POLAND-CHINAS-.- 

choice  pitTP,  boars  anil  lirooii  sows,  reg- 
i>tereil.  Shropshire  Sheep  and  Short- 
Horn  Cattle  Write  for  pi  ices  and  tes- 
imonials  J.  F.  DUHRETTE 

BiRDWooi),  Albemarle  Co..  Va. 


..   BURKE'S  GARDEN  DORSETS  ... 

I   NOW  HAVE  READY  A  NUMBER  OF 

CHOICE   YOUNG   RAMS 

and  about  300  tine  ^rade  Ewes.     Prices 
within   reach  of  all        Correspondence 
solicited.        SAM  L  T   HENINGER, 
BfRKK  s  Gaiioex,  Tazewell  Co.,  Va. 


W,,  fin.  Art  f    I>OK»liTl!». 

ONE  of  our  customers  writes;  "My  sales  of 
grade  Dorset  winter  lambs  run  this  year: 
first  87  head  brought  $870;  then  prices  de- 
ilined  somewhat.  I  am  looking  tor  another 
good  Dorset  ram."  Woodland  Dorsets  are 
standard  In  excellence. 
J.  E.  WIN'G  a  BROS.,  Mechanicsburg.  Ohio. 


DORSET  RAM 

Woodland  No.  118  (1723)  for  sale.  He  l3 
throe  years  old.  and  in  first  class  condition, 
and  a  twin  getter.  Must  sell  to  prevent  In- 
hrLcdini:.  FRED.  E.  I3KEC1IER,  Clsmont, 
Va. 


150  JACKS,  JENNETS 

<^  and  Mules  150 

^^^^^^^^  Best  assortment  I  ever  owned. 

^^^^H     for  description  and  prices. 
■  ll.MsDWill  sell  two  Percheron 

^mA^^^IJ    Stallions  at  close  figures. 
BftKERS  JACK  FARM.  Lawrence.  Ind. 


Poland  Chinas,  Chester  Whites  and 
Mammoth  Bronze  Turkeys  at  Far- 
mers  prices 

S.  M.  WISECARVtR, 

Rustburg,  Va. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLAIsTTER. 


531 


6  Scotch  Topped 

SHORT  HORN  BULL  CALVES 

6  Scotch  Topped  SHORT  HORN  Bull  CalveB 
3  to  15  months  old;  reds  and  roans;  sired  by 
Verbena's  Champion  No.  129SS1,  and  Royal 
Chief  No.  185432.  and  he  by  Imp.  Royal  Stamp 
No.  146662.  Poland  China  Spring  pigs,  good 
ones,  sired  by  Coler's  Perfection  No.  56105. 
Pedigrees     fiirnlshed     with     all     stock     sold. 

Corae  or  write  your  wants. 

WM,  T.  THRASHER,  Springwood,  Va. 

ELLERSLIE     FARM  i-- 
Thoroughbred  Horses 

AND  SHORTHORN  CAnLE, 

Pnre  Sonthdow^n  Sheep 
and  Berkshire  Pig». 

Fo«  S.\LE     R.  J.  HANCOCK  &  SON, 
Ch.^rlottksville,  Xa. 


COOK'S  CREEK  HERD 


Scotch-Topped 
Shorthorns  ^ 


Herd    Headed    by    Governor    Tyler.  15S5  -18. 
Young  Bulls  for   sale.    Inspection    and    corres- 
pondence invited. 
HEATWOLE  &  SUTER.  Dale  Enterprise,  Va. 


FOR  SALE 

Two  good  young  SCOTCH  TOPPED  SHORT- 
HORN BULLS,  a  red  and  a  roan,  about  six 
and  ten  months  old.  Will  sell  low  it  taken 
soon.  Also  some  nice  heifers  and  Berkshire 
pigs.  Address.  ORMSBY  BROS.,  Lakeland, 
Ky. 


SHORTHORNS,  bred  hornless. 

The  i-oming  breed  of  beef  cattle 
Have  all  the  merits  of  Shorthorns  ami 
more,  because  they  have  no  horns. 
Buy  a  Polled-Durham  Bull 
J.  L.  HUMBERT,  Charlottesville,  Va 


REGISTERED    JERSEY    BULLS     "«     ^ALE 
AT    A    BARGAIN. 

Calves  1  and  2  yr.  olds;  also 
EGGS  FOR  HATCHINC,  W.  &  B.  P.  Rocks, 
W.   &  B.  Leghorns,    and   S.    L.    Wyau- 
dottes,  7o  cents  for  1.5. 

J.  B.  JOHNSON,  Manassas,  Va. 
"Clover  Hill  Farm  " 


REGISTERED   ABERDEEN   ANGUS 

Cows    and    heifers    for    sale. 
Prices  low. 

W.  B.  MACQREGOR. 

Avon,  Va. 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  num- 
bers can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Address 
our  Business  OfBce. 


is  specially  thrilling  in  the  telling. 
Needless  to  say,  the  end  is  love. 

Marion  Harlan  outdoes  herself  in 
the  powerful  story  she  contributes  to 
the  August  Lippincott's,  called  "The 
Seventeenth  of  August,  1844."  The 
til  le  smacks  of  history,  but  the 
pathetic  tale  is  pure  fiction  of  the  most 
appealing  sort.  An  adventure  story 
by  William  Le  Queux,  called  "The  Man 
with  the  Black  Spectacles,"  is  a 
rousing  good  one  about  a  royal  dis- 
guise and  what  comes  of  it. 

The  way  a  medical  man  sacrifices 
himself  for  a  friend,  whose  wife  finds 
some  compromising  letters  in  her  hus- 
band's pockets,  is  told  under  the  title 
"Another  Man's  Excuse,"  by  E.  Spence 
de  Due.    This  sounds  true. 

Edward  Boltwood's  sketches  of  west- 
ern camp  life  are  well  liked.  That  in 
Lippincott's  August  number,  entitled 
"Cupid  in  the  Horse-Camp,"  is  one  of 
his  best. 

Churchill  Williams  tells  stories  as 
if  he  saw  before  him  what  he  is  writ- 
ing about,  and  so  impresses  it  upon  the 
reader.  His  tale  of  a  strike  at  the 
Sampson  Steel  MiFl,  called  "The 
Siren,"  is  most  graphic  and  interest- 
ing, showing  what  one  man  can  do 
against  many. 

"For  A'  That,"  by  Clinton  Danger- 
field,  hides  a  moral  under  a  parable,  in 
which  a  German  monarch  and  an 
American  ranchman  become  the  best 
of  friends.  There  is  an  amusing  easy- 
dialect  tale  by  Ella  Middleton  Tybout, 
entitled  "The  Offending  Eye." 

A  single  exception  to  fiction  in  the 
August  number  of  Lippincott's  Maga- 
zine is  a  paper  entitled  "Father  Kneipp 
and  His  Cure,"  by  Maud  Howe.  She 
says  that  Father  Kneipp  dislikes  "wo- 
men who  wear  gloves,  a  veil  and  a 
good  bonnet,"  so  let  all  such  beware 
if  their  troubles  lead  them  to  him  for 
a  cure. 


REPORTS. 


U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture, 
Washington,  D.  C.  Year  Book  of 
the  Department  of  Agriculture, 
1902.  This  is  a  most  excellent 
issue  of  this  valuable  publication, 
and  ought  to  be  in  the  hands  of 
every  farmer.  Write  your  con- 
gressman or  senator  for  a  copy. 
The  department  itself  has  no  more 
copies  allowed  it  than  suffice  for 
its  correspondents. 
Bureau   of   Plant   Industry,   Bulletin 

43.  Japanese  Bamboos  and  Their 
Introduction  into  America. 

Bureau    of   Plant   Industry,   Bulletin 

44.  The  Bitter  Rot  of  Apples. 
Division  of  Foreign  Markets,  Bulle- 
tin 32.     Distribution  of  the  Agri- 
cultural   Exports    of    the    United 
States.  1898-1902. 

Biireaii     of    Forestry,    Circular     25. 

Forestry  and  the  Lumber  Supply. 
Progress  in  Secondary  Education  in 

Agriculture,   by   A.   C.   True. 
Practices  in  Crop  Rotation,  by  G.  K. 

Holmes. 
Bureau   of   Soils,   Circular  10.— The 


My?  Fine'  Herd!tof  .Registered 


SHROPSHIRE    SHEEP 


:-—  f6Ri  SALE— As  1  retire  from  farming  after 
this  year,  I  offer  the  above  at  a  very  great  dis- 
count.   Write  me  for  prices  on  come,  see  them. 

H.  R.  QRAHAH, 
BARCLAY,  P.  0-.  Queen  Anne  Co.,  Md. 


FOR  SALE 

SHROPSHIRE  SHEEP 

1  yearling  buck,  1  two  year  old  buck, 

and  several  buck  lambs,  aU  registered. 

Apply  to,  ANTRIM  STOCK  FARM, 

Warrentou,  Va. 


"Meadow  Brook  Stock  Farm." 

SHropsHire  SKeep. 

Very  fine  yearhng  bucks,  sired  by  best 
English   bucks,   from  pure-bred   native 
ewes.     Fine  ewe  lambs  for  sale. 
C.  A.  SAUNDERS,  Culpeper,  Va. 


Suffolk" Down  Sheep  For  Sale. 

I  now  oflTer  Buck  and  Ewe  lambs  of  this 
splendid  breed  which  lias  proven  itself 
the  best  adapted  for  crossing  for  early 
lambs  Single  Buck,  $15.00:  Buck  and  2 
Ewes,  $40  00. 
D.  n.  CLOYD,  =  Dublin,  Va. 


C.  Whites.  Fine  large 
strains.  .411  ages,  mated 
not  a  in,  s  week,  pigs. 

Bred  sows.  Service  boars  

and  Poultry.    Write  for  prices  and  free  circular. 
P.  F.  HAMI'LTON.  Cochranville,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. 


Aryshires,   Berkshlres  and  Oxford-Downs. 

Ayrshire  Calves  of  both  sexes,  Berkshire 
Pigs  and  Boar  and  2  Oxford- Down  Rams  for 
sule.  MELROSE  CASTLE  FARM. 

Enos   H.   Hess,    Manager,   Casanova,   Va. 


The  RICHMOND,  FREDERICKSBURG 

and  POTOMAC  R.  R. 
and  WASHINGTON  SOUTHERN  R'Y 

Form  the  Link  connecting  the 

Atlantic  Coast  Line  R.  R., 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  R.  R., 
Chesapeake  and  Ohio  R'y. 
Pennsylvania  R.  R., 
Seaboard  Air  Line  R'y 
and  Southern  R'y. 
Between  all  points,  via  Richmond,  Va. 

Fast  Mall,  Passenger  and  Express  Route  k«- 
tween  Richmond,  Fredericksburg,  Alexan- 
dria, Washington,  Baltimore,  Philadelphia, 
New  York,  Boston,  Pittsburg,  Buffalo  and  All 
Points  North,  East  and  West. 

W.  P.  TAYLOR,  Traffic  Manager,  Richmond,  Va 


Mention    the    Southern    Planter    In 
writing. 


532 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLAA^TER. 


[August 


Use  of  Alkaline  and  Saline  Waters 
for  Irrigation. 
Publications  of  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture  for 
sale  by  the  Superintendent  of  Doc- 
uments. 
Farmers'    Bulletin,     159.      Scab    in 

Sheep. 
Farmers'    Bulletin,    173.     A    Primer 

in   Forestry. 
Farmers'  Bulletin,  174.  Broom  Corn. 
Farmers'  Bulletin,  175.     Home  Man- 
ufacture and  Use  of  Unferniented 
Grape  Juice. 
Farmers'    Bulletin,    176.      Cranberry 

Culture. 
Farmers'      Bulletin,      177.        Squab 
Raisin.?. 

Alahama  Experiment  Station,  Auburn, 
Ala.  Bulletin  123.  Vetch,  cow 
peas  and  Soy  Bean  Hay  as  Sub- 
stitutes for  Wheat  Bran. 
Bulletin  124.  The  Horticultural 
Law.  Notes  on  some  of  the  insect 
and  fungous  diseases  affecting 
horticultural  crops. 

California   Experiment   Station.    Bert 

ley.    Cal.     Bulletin    147.      Culture 

Work    at    the    Sub-Stations.    1899- 

1901. 

Bulletin    148.     Resistant   Vines   and 

Their  Hybrids. 
Bulletin  149.     The  California  Sugar 

Industry. 

Bulletin    150.      The    Value    of    Oak 
I.,eaves  for  Forage. 

Idaho  Experiment  Station.  Moscow, 
Idaho.  Bulletin  38.  Grass  and 
Forage  Plants  in  Idaho. 

Kansas    Experiment    Station,    Manhat- 
tan, Kan.     Bulletin  117.     Bacteria 
of  the  Soil. 
Bulletin    117.      Flesh     and     Fat 
Beef. 

Maryland  Experiment  Station,  College 
Park,  Md.  Economical  methods 
for  Improving  the  Keeping  Quali- 
ties of  Milk. 

Maryland  Agricultural  College  Quart- 
erly,  May.  1903. 

Missouri    Experiment    Station,   Colum- 
bia.   Mo.      Bulletin    62.      Hessian 
Fly  in  Missouri. 
Bulletin  fil.     Apple  Growing  in  Mis 
scuri. 

Nebraska  Experiment  Station.  Lincoln 
Neb.  Bulletin  80.  Experiments 
in  Mulching  Garden  Vegetables. 

New  Hampshire  Experiment  Station 
Durham.  N.  H.  Bulletin  102.  In 
sect  Record  for  1902. 

New  York  Experiment  Station,  Geneva 
N.  Y.  Bulletin  232.  Popular 
Edition.  An  Unsiiccessful  Cab 
bage  Rot  Remedy. 

New  Mexico  Experiment  Station,  Me 
silla  Park,  N.  M.  Bulletin  44 
Ash  Analysis  of  Some  New  Mexico 
Plants. 
Bulletin  45.  Pumping  for  Irrigation 
from  Wells. 

Ohio  Experiment  Station,  Wooster,  0. 
Bulletin  139.  A  Rosette  Disease 
of  Potatoes. 

Rhode  Island  Experiment  Station, 
Kingston,  R.  I.  Fifteenth  Annual 
Report. 

South     Dakota     Experiment     Station, 


—  DUNTREATH    BERKSHIRES^* 

"BRED.IN-THE-PURPLE." 

EXTRA  CHOICE  Young  Pigs  for  sale,  all  eligible  to 
registry,  and  now  ready  for  shipment.  Orders  also  taken  now 
for  late  Summer  and  Fall  shipments. 

DUNTREATH  STOCK  FARM, 


Box  666. 


RICHMOND,  VA. 

Reference:  American  National  Bank  of  Kichmond, 


BERKSHIRES. 


Imported  Sir  John  Bull,  No.  3609— B.  H.  B. 
Imported  Dansfield  Roland,  No.  60528-B.  H.  B. 
Imported  Columbia,  No.  60527— B.  H.  B. 
imported  Royal  Carlisle,  No.  4841— B.  H.  B. 
An<l  that  Immensely  Princely  Hog 
Uncle  Sam     No.  7233  '""^  tlie  sires  of  my  Spring  and  Summer  offerings  of 
pigs.     Does  thi.*  list  of  Royalty  suit  your  fancy?    They  represent  the  most  famous 
Berkshire  breeders  of  England.     Fancy  stock,  moderate  price 

Fancy    Pups  and  fancy  pigs  <lo  not  fancy  each  other  ;  be  prompt  if  you  want 
a  ready-for-field  )>up  at  a  sacrifice. 

Short  Horn  (Durham  Cattle)  for  sale.     Write  for  particulars. 

THOS.  S.  WHITE,  Fassifern  Stock  Farm,   Lexington,  Va. 


HILL  TOP  STOCK  FARM. 

Berkshire  Hogs  and  South- 
Down  Sheep 

A  SPECIALTY.  .I'l');' 

S.  Brown  Allen,  who  succeeds  H.  A    S.  '/'"^  j 
Hamilton&Co  in  the  ownership  and  man- 
agement of  this  celel)rated   Stock    Farm,  oliVrs  a   few   Berkshire   Pigs   that  have 
been  bred  without  regard  to  cost,  and  one  and  two  vear  old 

SOUTHDOWN    BUCKS, 

that  cannot  be  excelled  in  this  country.     We  have  swept   preniiums  on  this  ftock 
over  all  competitors  at  Fairs  in  th's  and  adjoining  States 

S.  BROWN  ALLEN,  Staunton,  Virginia,  (Successor  to  HAS    Hamilton  A  Co.) 


We  positively  guarantee   to  breed 
and    ship    the  VKKV   IIK^T  strains  of 


M 
tliorou'.'hbred    registered    LARGE 

ENGLISH     BERKSHIRE 

Hogs  for  LESSMONKY  than  any  otlier 
lirui  in  the  U.  S.,  tlie  superiority  of  our 
stock  considered  Send  us  your  order 
and  we  wiU  satisfy  you  both  in  price 
and  stock.  WALTER  B.  FLEMING, 

Proprietor  of  the  Bridle  Creek  Stock  Farn- 


Warrenton.  N.  C. 


Pkuf.  JOHN  Si'KNi  Kl;,  Velerlna 


Chloro-Nainholeum  Dip 


"  Insures  the  De.ttructions  of  Mites,  tmibreaks  wlitch  liave  i;onu'  under  our  notice  have 
been  tli<ir<>us;hlv  >tHmpiil  out  l>y  dippini;  In  a  J  percent  solution  of  Chloro  .Vapttioleum  Dip," 

II  you've  trleil  It  you  know  how  kooiI  it  Is,  if  you  haven't,  try  It  now.  une  Gallon  sent  pre- 
paid upon  reeelpt  ol  SI.. ">0.  money  order  or  check.  Hooklet  free.  It  ean  make  money  for  vou. 
F.  V.  GUNN  &  CO..  RichmoiKl.  Va..  Agts.  Va.  &  N.  C.      «     The  WEST  DISINFECTING  CO..  Inc..  MIrs. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTEE. 


53J 


Brookings,   S.   D.     Lamb   Feeding. 
Fattening  Sheep  on  Grass. 

Virginia  Experiment  Station,  Blacks- 
burg,  Va.  Virginia  State  Crop 
Pest.  Commission  Announcement 
in  Regard  to  Enforcement  of  the 
Law. 

Virginia  Weather  Bureau,  Richmond, 
Va.     Report  for  June,  1903. 

Imperial    Department    of    Agriculture 
for  West  Indies,  Barbadoes.  W.  I. 
Agricultural  News,  June,  1903. 
PAMPHLETS.    ETC. 

Sheep  Upon  the  Cotton  Fields  and 
Other  Matters.  By  Edward  Atkin- 
son. An  address  prepared  for  sub 
mission  to  the  Southern  Cotton 
Spinners  Association. 

Fuel— What  We  Don't  Know  About  It. 
By  Edward  Atkinson.  There  is 
much  food  for  thought  and  many 
suggestions  of  value  in  this  pam- 
phlet. 

International  Live  Stock  Exposition, 
Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago,  No- 
vember 2.Sth  to  December  5,  1903. 
Preliminary  classification. 

St.  I^ouis  Exposition,  Department  of 
Horticulture.  Circular  of  infor- 
mation as  to  exhibits  and  methods 
of  preparing  and  preserving  them. 
Copy  will  be  sent  on  application 
to  F.  W.  Taylor.  World's  Fair,  St. 
Louis. 

Franklin  Davis  Nursery  Company, 
Baltimore,  M.     Catalogue. 

Danville  Military  Institute,  Danville, 
Va.  Prospectus,  1903-1904.  This 
is  a  most  beautifully  got-up  pam- 
phlet with  a  pile  of  information 
as  to  this  excellent  school. 

American  Devon  Cattle  Club,  Newark, 
O.  Year  Book  for  1903.  L.  P. 
Sisson,  Secretary,  Newark,  O. 

International  Stock  Food  Company. 
Minneapolis,  Minn  Dan  Patch 
March.     Composed  by  Carl  Willis 


BACK  NUMBERS  WANTED. 

The  file  of  the  Southern  Planter 
in  the  Library  of  Congress  lacks: 

Volume  1  to  10  (1841-'50).  N.  S„  8, 
9    (1874-'75). 

Volume  38  to  40  (1877-'79). 

Volume  18,  No.  12— December,  1858. 

Volume  19,  Nos.  1,  9,  10 — January 
September,  October,  1859. 

Volume  21,  No.  6  to  12 — June  to 
December,  1861. 

New  Series,  Volume  1,  Nos.  1  to  5 — 
February  to  June,  ISfiT. 

New  Series,  Volume  6,  Nos.  5,  6, 
7— May,  June,  July,  1872. 

New  Series,  Volume  7,  Nos.  2  to 
12 — February  to  December,  1873. 

Volume  37,  Nos.  5  to  12— May  to 
December,   1876. 

Volume  41,  Nos.  2  to  6 — February 
to  June.  1880. 

Volume  43.  Nos.  9,  11— May  15. 
June  15,  1882. 

Volume  45,  No.  7— July,  1884. 

Volume  50.  No.  10— October.  1889. 

If  any  of  our  subscribers  have  any 
of  the  above  numbers  and  desire  to 
part  with  them,  kindly  write  Mr.  Her- 
bert Putnam,  Librarian  of  Congress, 
Washington,  D.  C. 


PUBLIC    SALE. 


60  Head  of  Pure  Bred  SHORTHORN  Cattle 

AVILL    BE    SOLD 

AUGUST  25. 1903,  AT  RADFORD,  VA. 

The  offering  will  include  almost  the  entire  herd  of  W.  W. 
Bentley,  and  a  draft  from  J.  T.  Cowan's  herd.     Altogether 
"a  rare  good  lot  of  breeding  cattle  of  high  merit. 

I  J.  T.  COWAIN!,lii    W.  W.  BENTLEY, 
Cowan's  Mills,  Va.,  Pulaski  City,  Va. 


^jij.  ■■■«■.' 


ABEFiDEEN-ANGUS  CATTLE^ 

FOR    SALE   AT   INTRODUCTORY   PRICES- 

Choice  Bulls  from  3 
months  to  2'%  years 
old. 

The  Best  Breed  in 
the  world  for 
grading=up 
purposes. 
Call  and  see  them  or  write  for  prices. 
ROSED  ALE  STOCK  FARM.  Jeff  ersonton>  Culpeper  Co.,  Va. 


SUNNY     HOME     HERD    OF 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS    CATTLE. 

Baron    Roscboy,    57666,    by    the    great    Gay  Blackbird,    dam    by    Eulalles    Elrlc,    2d    prlz« 
yearling  at  Columbian  Exposition,  1893,  headB  the   herd.    Pedigree   means   only   the   tracing 
of  good  or  bad  qualities  through  several  generations.        The  animals  comprising   this  herd 
lare   direct   descendants   of  the  greatest  prize-winners  of  the  breed  for  the  past  twenty-flve 
Uyears.    Does  this  mean  anything  to  you,  who  are  in  need  of  an  animal  of  this  the  GREAT- 
EST BEEF  BREED?    If  so,  come  and  see  the  best  lot  of  calves  we  ever  bred,  or  write. 

A.  L.  FRENCH,  Proprietor,  R.  F.  D.  2  ,  Byrdville,  Va. 

(Note  change  of  P.   O.   address). 
Depot  and  shipping  point,  Fitzgerald.  N.  C,  on  D.  &  W.  R'y,  24  mUes  southwest  of  Dan- 
ville, Va. 


534 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAXTEH. 


[August 


EMILYS      CHARGE— A      BID      FOR 
WALTER. 

CHAPTER    II. 

A  few  days  after  the  funeral  the  or- 
phans received  a  visit  from  their 
father's  brother,  Dr.  Henningham,  a 
man  who,  whilst  possessing  much  of 
their  father's  franl<ness  and  geniality, 
was  very  different  from  him  in  some  of 
his  traits  and  habits.  Dr.  Henningham 
was  of  a  convivial  nature,  and  though 
not  a  coniirmed  drunkard,'  he  dranlc 
enougli  to  impair  his  vigor,  both  of 
mind  and  body,  and  to  cast  a  shadow 
over  his  household.  Emily  had  many 
a  time  turned  away  with  tearful  eyes 
and  burning  cheeks  as  she  observed 
the  thick  utterance  and  shaking  hand 
of  her  uncle,  whose  kindly  and  genial 
nature  attached  her  to  him,  despite 
his  weakness. 

Dr.  Henningham  had  no  son.  His 
family  consisted  of  his  wife  and  two 
daughters,  and  he  now  proposed  to 
adopt  Walter.  Grateful  as  she  was 
for  the  kind  spirit  displayed  in  the 
offer,  Emily  shrank  back  reluctantly 
from  accepting  it.  True,  her  uncle 
had  his  good  points  and  attractive 
qualities,  but  with  his  fatal  weakness 
this  would  but  rendei  his  influence 
stronger,  and  hence  more  dangerous 
to  a  youth  under  his  charge.  Dissipa- 
tion would  appear  more  tolerable  and 
even  attractive  in  a  person  so  agree- 
able and  warm-hearted,  than  in  a 
churlish  and  tingifted  one.  Besides, 
she  could  already  discern  a  family 
likeness  between  her  uncle's  tempera- 
ment and  Walter's,  which  would  make 
the  risk  all  the  greater,  were  she  to 
give  up  the  boy  into  the  former's  keep- 
ing. True,  he  could  give  Walter  more 
material  comforts  and  advantages  than 
she  could  possibly  do,  b\it  then  she 
had  learned  from  her  mother  to  con- 
sider, first  of  all,  what  would  nourish 
and  conduce  to  the  higher  life,  and 
then  to  take  a  secondary  view  of  those 
that  conduce  to  natural  life,  and  when 
these  conflicted,  she  always  aimed  to 
make  the  lower  and  transient  give 
way  to  the  higher  and  the  enduring. 
Looking  at  the  subject  in  this  way, 
she  could  not  feel  it  right  to  accept 
her  uncle's  offer  for  Walter,  especially 
as  she  had  promised  her  mother  to 
guard  the  boy  from  temptation,  as  far 
as  in  her  lay.  After  maturely  consid- 
ering the  subject,  she  came  to  the  con- 
clusion that  her  uncle  could  give  Wal- 
ter no  advantages  that  would  offset  or 
neutralize  the  harmful  influences  and 
examples  to  which  the  boy  would  be 
exposed,  and,  therefore,  she  thanked 
her  uncle,  affectionately,  but  declined 
his  offer. 

"I  think  I  must  try  to  keep  Walter 
myself."  she  said.  "He  is  almost  like 
my  own  son,  and  my  mother  was  so 
anxious  for  me  to  keep  him  with  me. 
if  possible." 

"But.  Emily,"  exclaimed  her  uncle, 
"you  surely  cannot  realize  what  you 
are  saying;  what  you  are  declining 
for  Walter.  I  propose  to  support  and 
educate  him,  as  if  he  were  my  own 
son.     You  will  not  And  It  such  a  light 


The   Old    Way  —  Kicfcing    Corn     With    Knife    Fastened    to    Boot 


FARMERS  DON'T  KICK  NOW! 

Their  corn  is  cut  with 

DEERING    IDEAL 
CORN     BINDERS 

Deenng  Corn  Binders  gather  all  uf  the  corn.  They  do  not  waste. 
They  are  constructed  on  the  grain  binder  principle;  the  corn  is  bound 
while  in  a  horizontal  position  in  the  same  manner  as  a  sheaf  of  wheat. 
They  do  not  knock  oit  ears. 

Deering  Corn  Binders,  Corn  Shockers, 
Huskers  and  Shredders 

are  money-makers  for  the  farmer.  Ask  the  nearest  Deering  agent  for 
a  "  Deering  Corn  Annual." 


TheJ^etoWay  —  'DEERING    CORN    'BINDER    in   the  Field 


Reg.   H  O  L  S  T  E  I  N-F  R  I  E  S  I  A  N 

CATTLE  of  the  Netherland,  De  Kol,  Clothilde,  Pietertje 

and  Artis  tamilies.      Heavy  milkers  aud  rich  in  butter 

fat.     Stock  of  all  ages  for  sale, 

Rce.     BERKSHIRES     ^'^P^   noted   strains,   Imported     Headlight,   Lord 
°'  -Highclere   and   Suuri.se. 

DORSET  SHEEP= 

B.  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  CHICKENS, 


N.  .fc  W.  aud  Southern  K.  K. 


T.  O.  SANDY,  Burkevllle,  Va. 


*  WF-  flFPFR  ''  ^^^^  well-bred  registered  Jersey 
J  Bull  and  heifer  Calves  at  $30  each. 
2  They  are  four  months  old  and  from  best  strains  of  this 
i  breed  ;  also  a  few  young  Berkshire  boars  large  enough 

*  for  service  at  $15  each,   aud  pigs  eight  weeks  old  at  $6 
ft 
^  each — by  paij-  or  trio,  not  akin. 

I  M.    B.    ROWE  &  CO.,  -  Fredericksburg,   Va 

*.je«Jt>>«jcJtyje«i^>>»if>>>>>>>J6>:«>>:>>>>>'>t>i>:>c^^ 


When  corresponding  with  our  advertisers  always  mention  the 
Southern  Planter. 


1!)03.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER 


535 


PIGS  ARE  COMING 

MAKES  PIGS  GAIN  3  LBS.  PER  DAY 

Blanchard,  Iowa. 
Internationai,  Stock  Food  Co.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Gentlemen: — This  is  to  certify  that  having  used 
"Inlemaiional  Stock  Food"  for  three  years  I  cheerfully  recom- 
mend it  to  all  stockmen,  and  especially  those  who  raise 
hogs.  Last  spring  with  a  bunch  of  the  runtiest  pigs  I  ever 
had  they  made  a  gain  of  three  pounds  apiece  per  day. 

J.  S.  BELL. 


ONE  CENT 
medicin&t  prepkration  to  be  fed  to  stock 
appetite  and  Aids  Digeation  &nd  Assimilstton  so  tbs 
.^verthe  usual  Plan  of  Growing  and  Fattening  stock 
-,J\bBolutely  Harmless  even  if  taken  into  the  Human  syste 
,  Pepper  is  a  powerful 


les   from  Minneapolis  and  contains  050  aci 

>}4  ;  to  our  VoOKo  Staluoks,  Brood  Habes,  CV 

Prepared  from  Roots,  Herbs,  Seeds  and  Barks  and  Won  the  Bigbei 


L'd  "Internatiocal  Stock  J'onu"   ever>    day    to  all 
BoRSKS,  Cattle   and  Hogs.     "IN  ^EK^AT10^.\L  STOCK   ' 
;  Paris   Exposition  in  19U0  as  a   High-Class  vegetable, 


IMTBRNATIONAI.  STOCK  FOOD  CO., 


Fattening  stock  becai 

al  obtains  more  nutrition  from  the  grain  eaten.     We  positively  guarantee  that  its  Dee  ^vi)l  niake  you  extra  money  c! 

ilioDnl  Slock  Food"  can  be  fed  in  safety  to  Horses,  Cattle,  Sheep,  Goats,  Hogs,  Colts,  Calves,  Lambs        "'  "  ' 

<u  insist  on  eating  medicinal  ingredients  with  your  Own  food  at  every  meal.     Salt  is  a  stomach  toi 

tard  is  a  remedy  for  dyspepsia.  Vinegar  is  a  diuretic.  You  eatthese  medicinal  Ingredientsalmostwithevery  mouthful  of  your  \ 

omote  health  and  strength  for  people  and  improve  their  digestion,     "laternational  Stock  Food"  contains  pure  vegetable  medicinal  \ 

sry  an  addition  to  the  regular  feed  of  your  stock  if  you  desire  to  keep  them  in  the  best  possible  condition.  "International  Stock  Pood" 


oagbout  Iho  ^ 

the    World   fo) 
aod  Seeds  ihat 


»3~Your  Money  ■ 

"rij   them   he.iUh! 


4^-'Beware    of  1 


"International  < 
JOffaUu__ 
many    Cheap   and    Inferior  / 


,_,  ^..  en  that  these  Medi ^--    ...     ..  ... 

1  that  are  just  as  safe  and  as  necessary  an  addition  to  the  regular  feed  of  your  stock  if: 
endorsed  by  Every  High-Class  Farm  Paper.  !t  purifies  the  blood,  stimulates  and  permanently  strengthens  the  < 

DGk  Food"  is  sold  on  a  "Spot  Cash  aaarantee"   by  Fifty   Thousand    Healer --     .. 

i\lt  will    make  your   Calves    or  Pigs   grow   Amazinclv    and  has    th.)    Iarfrc5t   sa 
^flmltatlons.     No  Chemist  oan  Mparate  all  the  DlffercDt  powdered  Root«.  llorbs,  1 

WHAT  PEOPLE  SAY  ABOUT  TMIS  BOOK. 

International  Stock  Food  Co.,  Odessa,  Mo. 

Eau  Claire.  Wis.         ■  Dear  Sirs: — Your  "International  Stock  Book"  duly  received, 

Bear  Sirs:— I  received  your  "International  Stock  Book"  and     |     and  it  is  the  best  thing  of  its  class  that  I  have  ever  seen.     There  is 
was  more  than  pleased  with  it.      It  is  worth  more  than  $10.00  to 
me.  Very  truly  yours.  RICHARD  J.  MORRI3SEY. 


eful  articles  in  it  from  start  to  finish. 

Respectfully.  GEO.  W.  NULL. 


A  $3000.00  STOCK  BOOH  FREE 


IT  CONTAINS  183  LARGE  ENGRAVINGS  OF  HORSES,  CATTLE,  SHEEP,  POULTRY,  ETC. 


The  Cover  of  this  Book  is  a  Beautiful  Live  Stock  Picture  flS-Prlnted  In  SU  Brilliant  Colors.    Size  of  the  ^oot  is  &^  by  9^  inches.     It  cost 
make  these  Engravings.     It  describes  common  Diseases,  and  tells  how  to  treat  them.     It  olr"     '        "^     -   -    .-        "■  .        -      .  •"     •     .■ 
Sheep,  Goats,  Hogs  and  Poultry.     Tt  contains  Life  Enp'^avinga  of  many  Tory  n»t»d  Animal: 


riptio 


93000  to  have  our  Artists  and  Engravarf 
HiEtory  and  Illuatratlone  of  the  Different  Breeds  of  Horses.  Cattle, 
ThB  Editor  Of  TbU  Paper  Will  Tell  You  That  You  Oaght  To  Have 
That  Will  Save  Yon  Hundreds  of  Dollars. 


lials 


This  Stock.  Book  In  Your  Library  For  Eeferenee.    K3-It  Contains  a  Finely  TUustrated  Veterinary  Depai 

WE   WILL    MAIL    IT   TO    YOU    ABSOLUTELY    FREE,    ««r-postage    Prepaid.. 
We  Will  Pay  Yoa  $10.00  Casb  if  book  is  not  as  described.     Write  as  bI  onc«,  letter  or  posUI  eard,  and  AirswEB  THESE  2  QCBSTIOHB: 

1st.— Name  This  Paper        2d.— How  Much  Stock  Have  Tou? 


We  Employ  Over  300  People  and  ha 
HoDdreda  of  ThoQsands  of  TestimoniaJ 
Kefer  to  Any  Bank  in  Minneapolis. 


INTEBNATIONAL  STOCK  FOOD  CO..  Minneapolis.  Minn., U.S.  A. 


LwgMt  stock  Food  Factory  io  the  World. 

Capital  Paid  in,  tl.000.000. 
eOO.OOO  Feetof  Space  in  Our  New  Factory. 


job  to  do  this.     In  fact,  you  will  find  I 
it  impossible." 

"I  think,  uucle,"  she  replied  gently, 
but  firmly,  "I  shall  keep  him  with  me, 
and  do  the  best  I  can  for  him,  though 
I  thank  you  from  my  heart  for  your 
kind  offer." 

■How  do  you  propose  to  support 
him?"  asked  her  uncle,  half  in  kind- 
ness, half  in   irony. 

Emily  detailed  their  resources,  their 
little  piece  of  property  and  her  plan 
of  teaching  school,  adding  that  she  had 
collected  a  hundred  dollars  of  rent  just 
before  her  mother's  death,  and  she  had 
a  few  pieces  of  old  family  silver  to 
dispose  of. 

"A  blue  prospect!"  exclaimed  Dr. 
Henningham.  That  little  cottage  and 
tract  of  land,  if  sold  in  the  present 
depressed  condition  of  real  estate, 
would  scarcely  bring  enough  to  sup- 
port you  six  months." 

"But  I  don't  want  to  sell  it,"  replied 
Emily,  my  plan  is  to  live  there  and 
try  to  get  a  school  in  that  vicinity.' 


VIRGINIA    DIVISION. 

Farmers  Mutual  Benefit  Association 

A  Fire  Insurance  Association,  chartered  by  the  State  of  Virginia,  for 
farmers,  under  an  amended  and  well  protected  plan. 

Insures  in  counties  surrounding  and  accessible  to  Richmond,  against  Fire 
and  Lightning,  only  country  property — no  stores  or  unsafe  risks.  Policy-holders 
amply  secured — all  legitimate  losses  paid.  Average  cost  per  year  less  than  other 
plans,  and  a  great  saving  to  farmers.  Amount  of  property  now  insured,  $330,000, 
and  increasing  yearly.     Estimated  securiey  in  real  and  other  estate,  $750,000. 

For  further  information,  address,  CHAS.  N.  FRIEND,  General  Agent, 

MENTION  THIS  JOllKNAL.  CHESTER,   VIRGINIA. 


"ELI"Agamst  the  Field. 


It  leads  in  power,  in  speed,  in  safety,  in  convenience  and  ease 
of  operation  and  makes  ^ompaotest  and  shapeliest  balee. 

HAY  BALER  WITH  A  RECORD^ 

the  pride  of  shippeiis.  Steel  or  Wood,  Horse  or  Steam  Po'wer. 
Such  automatic  features  as  self-feeding,  block  placing,  hay 
condenalDg,  bell  ringing:,  etc    i^  Ftyleii  and  sizes.    Get  free  Eli  catalog 

COLLINS  PLOW  COMPANY,        18S  Hampshire  St.,  Quincy,  Ills. 


536 


THE  SOUTHED X  PLAXTKK. 


[August 


"Teaching  is  a  precarious  business," 
said  her  uncle,  "and  not  well  paid. 
Still  you  might  make  a  living  by  it  if 
you  only  attempted  to  provide  for 
yourself;  but  with  two  mill  stones 
around  your  neck — " 

"One  point  you  overlooked,  uncle." 
she  rejoined.  "Walter  is  now  twelve. 
In  a  few  years,  say,  five  or  six,  he 
will  probably  be  able  to  support  him- 
self and  protect  and  help  his  sisters." 

"It  is  not  so  easy,"  replied  her  uncle, 
"for  young  men  to  find  openings  to 
support  themsehes,  and  Walter  will 
find  unusual  difficulties  if  you  presist 
in  debarring  him  from  such  advant- 
ages as  are  within  his  reach.  You  are 
60  quixotic,  so  Utopian.  I  scarcely 
know  whether  to  laugh  or  be  provoked. 
You  are  as  ignorant  of  the  ways  of  the 
world  as  a  baby.  I  give  you  a  year, 
however,  to  come  to  you  senses,  and 
then  I  shall  prepare  to  receive  Walter. 
Doubtless  some  of  the  other  relatives 
will  adopt  or  help  yon  to  support 
Alice,  and  then  you  may  reasonably 
hope  to  support  yourself  by  teaching, 
after  you  have  given  up  the  impracti- 
cable task  of  trying  to  keep  your 
brother  and  sister."  So  saying,  he 
arose  and  took  his  leave,  a  little  testily, 
though  not  unkindly,  reiterating  to 
Emily  as  he  started  that  she  might 
consider  his  offer  as  holding  good  for 
twelve  months. 

(To  be  Continued.) 


FIFTY  DOLLARS  FOR  A  BOTTLE  OF 
GOMBAULTS  CAUSTIC  BALSAM. 

Jonesboro.  Tenn.,  Feb.  4,  1903. 
The  Lawrence-Williams  Co..  Cleveland, 
Ohio: 
I  have  used  your  GOMBAULTS 
CAUSTIC  BALSAM  for  wind  galls, 
saddle  galls,  collar  bruises,  cuts  by 
barbed  wire,  splints,  knots,  etc.  I  have 
part  of  one  bottle  left,  and  if  I  thought 
I  could  not  get  another  I  would  not 
take  fiftv  dollars  for  it.— D.  G.  KEEB- 
LER. 


WOODLAWN    SEMINARY. 

Elsewhere  in  this  issue  will  be 
found  the  advertisement  of  the  Wood 
lown  Seminar}'  and  Musical  Institute, 
of  Gordonsville.  Va.  This  splendid 
boarding  school  for  girls  is  beautifully 
and  healthfully  situated  in  the  Pied- 
mont section  of  Virginia.  Under  Pro- 
fessor Edgar  Stinson  it  has  all  the  ad- 
vantages of  a  Christian  home,  fitting 
pupils  for  college,  teaching  or  the  ac- 
tive duties  of  life.  Send  for  further 
information. 


JERSEY   CATTLE. 

We  have  for  sale,  Youne  Cows,  Heifers  aad  Voung:  Bulls, 
from  cows  testing  i8  to  24  II>».  ot  batter  in  seTen  da>8,  and  giving 
40  to  60  lbs.  of  uiilk  per  day.     Al>i  ■ — 

LARGE   YORKSHIRE  PIGS, 

The  coming  bacon  bree<i.     Our  -itocii  is  from  the  most   not 
England  and  Canada. 

Write  for  prices.     Addres.* — 

B  :>WMONT  FARMS, 


Our  -itocii  is  from  the  most   noteti   breeders  in 


SALEM, 
VIRGINIA. 


Bacon:  A  dog  that  runs  under  a  car- 
riage is  called  a  carriage  dog,  is  it  not? 

Egbert:  Certainly. 

Bacon:  Well,  what  would  you  call  a 
dog  that  runs  under  an  automobile? 

Egbert:  A  dead  dog. 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  num- 
bers can  be  bad  for  25  cents.  Address 
our  Business  Office. 


JOHN   S.   FUNK, 

GLE.N    FARM. 

— IMPOEItB    AND    BBEEI'EB    OF— 

Polled 

Durham 

Cattle, 

Shropshire  Sheep, 
Southdown  Sheep, 

Poland-China  Hogs.       Berkshire  Hogs.      All  carefullv  bred  regardless  of  cost. 
SINGER'^    GLEN.    VA. 


X  X 

8  CiSMONT  dorsetS  i 


CISMOHT    STOCK    FARM  offers  weU  developed  young 
DorsetS  of  the  l>est  blood  of  England  and  America. 


X 

X 
X 

X 


Prices   Reasonable. 


6.  S.  LINDENKOHL,  Keswick,  Aibemarle  Co.,  Va. 


XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 


1903.]  THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEE.  537 


I  BILTMORE  FARMS,  =  Biltmore,  N.  C. 


;  Headquarters  for  GOLDEN  LAD  JERSEYS,  J 

'^  Also  Get  of  TREVARTH  and  GEN.  MARIGOLD.    ^  ^  ^  J 

;  fc 

^        GOLDEN   LAD'S  SUCCESSOR.    First  and  sweepstakes  over  all  at  the  Pan-American  Exposition,  the  fc 

«^  champion  JERSEY  BULL  OF  AMERICA,  and  out  of  Golden  Ora,  our  great  prize-winning  cow,  both  ^ 

»  born  and  developed  on  these  Farms,  is  among  our  service  bulls.  % 

Biltmore  Jerseys  are  a  combination  of  large  and  persistent  milking  qualities  with  an  individuality  lb 

that  wins  in  the  show  ring.  * 


^  SPECIALTY.      Write  for  descriptive  circular  of  the  best   lot  of  young  bull  calves  ever  offered,  both  for  * 

^                   breeding  and  individuality.     They  are  by  noted  sires  and  out  of  large  and  tested  selected  dams.     Many  * 

^                  of  these  calves  are  fit  to  show  and  win  in  any  company.  J 

2                      ^  ^           BILTMORE  POULTRY  YARDS.           j»  >  fc 

m  SPECIALTY.     Write  for  descriptive  circular  of  eggs  from  our  prize-winning  pens.     Over  50  yards  to  select  . 

H                   from,  made  up  of  the  winners  at  the  leading  shows  for  the  last  two  seasons.     If  you  want  winners  you  o 

«j                   must  breed  from  winners.  ^ 

?                 Headquarters  for  the  best  IMPORTED  ENGLISH  BERKSHIRES.  fc 

5                                                    APPLY  TO  BILTMORE    FARMS,  biltmore.  n.  c.  J 

iPKiPiriPjriPifKjCKif'KiPKK'iCjriCiriC'iPiPjrKK'irKiPis'jr^'iPK'K'jrjciPKK'jf'if'jCjrjfjf'trK'Kif'J*'!*'* 


IDlPEBIIILFiiyiTynpoiimiiFllBIII 

Is  now  booking  orders  for  Eggs  from  the  best  strains  and  careful  matings  of 

Barred,  Buff  and  White  Plymouth  Rocks, 
Silver=Laced  and  White  Wyandottes, 
S.  C.  B.  Leghorns  and  Mammoth  Pekin  Ducks, 
AT  $1.00    PER   SITTING. 
EGGS    FROM    BLACK    DEVIL   PIT   GAMES. 

Never  known  to  run.     The  grittiest  of  all  games.     $2.00    PER    SITTING. 

We  give  15  Chicken  and  13  Duck  Eggs  lor  sitting.      Order   at  once. 
Write  name  and  address  plainly.     Remember  the  express  is  no  more  on  2  or  3  sittings  than  on  i. 
Refer  to  Augusta  National  Bank  and  former  patrons.    Satisfaction  guaranteed  or  money  refunded 

P.  H.  HEYDENREICH,    -    Staunton,  Va. 


j38 


THESOUTHEKN"  PLANTER. 


[  August 


GOOD  HOUSEKEEPING. 
In  the  July  number  of  the  S(itTiiKitN-| 
Pi.vNTKB  there  was  a  request  for  a 
recipe  tor  puttine  up  cucumbers  for 
pickle.  This  suggested  the  idea  that 
a  Housekeeper's  Column  might  add 
something  to  the  interest  and  value 
of  the  magazine,  so  we  have  decided 
to  make  the  experiment,  and  the  read- 
ers may  rest  assured  that  any  recipe 
published  has  been  thoroughly  tested 
and  found  reliable.  Most  of  them  are 
in  constant  use  in  a  country  neighbor- 
hood which  has  long  been  celebrated 
for  its  ".eood  living." 

niti.Ni:i)  CiciMUKHS. — I  like  the 
cucumbers  for  pickle  to  be  about  two 
and  a  half  or  three  inches  long.  They 
should  be  gathered  every  morning  and 
put  into  a  jar  or  tub  of  weak  salt 
water;  after  a  few  days  take  them 
out  and  pack  them  closely  in  a  tight 
keg  or  a  large  jar  and  pour  over  them 
a  brine  made  of  one  quart  of  salt  and 
one  gallon  of  water  and  an  inch  or 
two  of  horseradish;  boil  and  skim 
and  pour  it  over  the  cucumbers  hot. 
The  horseradish  prevents  rao\ilding. 
After  nine  days  they  are  ready  for 
making  up.  but  they  will  keep  a  year 
if  vou  prefer  to  make  the  pickle  just 
as  vou  need  it.  The  pickle  we  get  in 
the  stores  in  barrels  is  prepared  by 
soaking  all  the  salt  out  of  the  cucum- 
bers (and  it  takes  about  three  days, 
changing  the  water  twice  a  day),  and 
,  pouring  over  them  enough  boiling 
vinegar  to  cover,  in  which  you  have 
boiled  one  cup  of  brown  sugar,  one 
pod  of  red  pepper  and  one  tablespoon- 
ful  of  black  pepper  and  a  small  piece 
of  horseradish  to  each  gallon.  Tie  it 
up  and  let  it  stand  for  two  months. 

Grkkn  CtitMiiEB  Pickle.— A  f  t  e  r 
soaking  the  salt  out  of  the  cucum- 
bers put  them  into  a  brass  kettle, 
a  layer  of  cucumbers  and  a  layer  of 
grape  leaves,  until  the  kettle  is  full. 
Pour  over  them  a  weak  vinegar,  or  one 
quart  of  strong  vinegar  to  three  quarts 
of  water,  and  set  them  on  the  stove 
and  cook  very  slowly  for  several  hours, 
or  til'  they  are  a  bright  green.  Take 
them  out  and  wipe  them  dry  and  pack 
two  gallons  into  a  jar  and  spread  be- 
tween the  layers  three  tablespoons  of 
white  mustard  seed,  two  tablespoons 
of  black  mustard  seed,  three  table- 
spoons of  celery  seed,  two  tablespoons 
of  whole  black  peppers,  one  tablespoon 
of  cloves,  one  heaping  tablespoon  of 
allspice,  one  tablespoon  of  cracked 
ginger,  one  tablespoon  of  cracked  nut 
meg.  one  stick  of  cinnamon,  two  pods 
of  red  pepper  and  one  cup  of  grated 
horseradish.  Pour  over  it  all  three 
quarts  of  good  vinegar,  in  which  you 
have  boiled  ten  cups  of  brown  sugar. 
Heat  the  vinegar  two  mornings  and 
the  pickle  will  be  ready  for  use  in  a 
month,  hut  is  better  if  kept. 

Mexican  Mixeo  Picki.e. — Two  dozen 
large  cucumbers  cut  into  large  pieces. 
Chop  eight  heads  of  cabbage,  six  dozen 
onions,  two  dozen  green  peppers. 
Sprinkle  nearly  a  quart  of  salt  over  It 
all  and  turn  it  into  a  bag  <wd  hang  It 


^^  ,,,.....».  ,.  ,^  j,  L !  jrgg 


CHAMPION  PRINCE 
RUPERT  No.  79,539. 
,,..  at  head  of  herd 


HEREFORDS 

A  Few  High  Class  Bulls  and  Calves  For  Sale 

EDWARD  G.  BUTLER. 


Write  me 

before  buying 

elsewhere. 


BRIGGS, 


VIRGINIA. 


Send  for 

illustration  of 

Prince    Rupert. 


QeoiSteieu  PEBEFOP  CRITLE. 

Service  Bulls ;  Imported  Salisbury  7H059     (19083).     Lars  Jr.  85297. 
FOR  SALE-A  choice  lot  of  bull  calves  and  yearling  bulls    The  bull  calves  sold  recently 
weighed  60U  lbs.  at  6  mos  old.     Call  and  make  your  own  selection      Prices  right. 
MURRAY  BOOCOCK,  Owners,  Keswick,  Va. 


Bacon   Hall    Farm. 

Hereford  REGiSTEREDGattle 

"TOP"  BREEDINQ,  CALVES  NOT  AKIN. 
MOTTO— Satisfaction  or  no  sale. 


i  E.  M.  GILLET  &  SON, 

1 1 1 1 1 11 


Qlencoe,  Haryland. 

r  T II Ill  i  1  u 


HBREFORO  CATTLB  -C«lT»8,  entitled  to  registration,  $75  to  $100.     Grade  Calves  by  "Sir  Ed- 
ward" 825  to  $40. 


SHROPSHIRE  8HCEP.— Bucks,  one  year  Old  and  over,  $16  to 
$10  to  $12     Ewe  Lambs,  July  delivery,  88  and  $10. 


Buck  Lambs,  July  dellrery, 


POLAND-CHINAHOQS.-Plgs.  six  weeks  old,  $5.     Pigs,  two  or  three  months  old,  r.50.     Plgi. 

five  months  and  over,  $15  to  $20. 
M.  BRONZE  TUHKBYS.-Toms,  $4.    Hens,  $3.    Eggs,  per  slttlngof  12,  when  m  season,  $4. 
MUSOOVY  DUCKS.— Pure  White  Drakes,  81.25.    Pure  White  Ducks,  81.    Palrs,$2.25.    Trios,  $S. 
BARRED  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS. 
ROUEN  QEBSB.—Oanden,  $2.50.    Qeese,  82.60.    Eggs,  per  sitting,  $3. 

WILLIAML.,  Jr.,  No.  21068,  half  brother  of  Aitell,  win  serTB  a  limited  number  of  mares  tor$tt 
the  season.    Mares  boarded  at  lowest  figures  per  month. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


539 


St.  Hlbane  Scbool,  IRabfor^,  tDiiginia. 


This  school  is  beautifully  located  on  a  sunny  headland,  above  the  banks  of  the  New  Kiver,  in  the  famous  Blue 
Grass  Region  of  Virginia.  Ideal  spot  for  health  and  sanitation.  Prepare  your  boy  for  the  university  or  business 
by  sending  him  here. 

Pbof.  W.  H.  Randolph,  Headmaster,  wouldlike  to  mail  you  a  catalogue  containing  the  "Plan  of  St.  Albans  School  " 


up  on  the  clothes-horse  to  drip.  The 
next  day  squeeze  it  well  and  put  It 
into  a  kettle,  sprinkling  four  ounces 
of  white  mustard  seed,  tour  ounces  ot 
black  mustard  seed,  six  ounces  of 
turmeric,  (our  ounces  of  celery  seed, 
three-quarters  of  a  pound  of  ground 
mustard  between  the  layers.  Dissolve 
eight  pounds  of  sugar  in  two  gallons 
of  best  vinegar  and  pour  it  over  the 
mixture;  boil  until  the  vinegar  begins 
to  thicken.  This  makes  about  four 
gallons  and  is  the  very  best  pickle  in 
the  world. 

Ripe  Cantaloupe  Jam. — This  was  an 
experiment  one  summer  when  we  had 
more  melons  than  we  could  use  and 
very  little  other  fruit,  and  it  proved 
such  a  success  we  always  make  it, 
whether  we  have  a  quantity  of  other 
fruit  or  not.  The  melons  must  be 
really  ripe.  Peel  them  and  chop  into 
small  pieces  and  put  them  on  and  boil 
until  mushy.  Then  add  three  fourths 
of  a  pound  of  sugar  to  each  pound  of 
the  fruit;  season  a  ten  pound  lot  with 
four  pieces  of  white  ginger,  one  dozen 
cloves  and  three  sticks  of  cinnamon. 
Boil  until  clear  and  put  into  glass  jars. 


FOR 

BERKSHIRE  BOAR  ready  for  ser- 
vice, longbody ,  short  stout  legs,  w  ell 
quartered  &  correctly  rr  arkeo ,  price 
$20  00  Will  also  take  orders  for 
pigs  ready  for  September  shipment 

FOREST   HOME   FARM, 

PURCELLVILLE.VA. 


£i 


■rixo   0£tls.s"  Xiord- 


OFFERS 

FOR 
-SALE- 


2  Registered  SHORTHORN  COWS, 

2  Registered  MORGAN    COLTS,   and   a  f«w 

good  yearling  SHROPSHIRE  RAMS. 

B.  B.  BUCHANAN,  Bedford  City,  Va. 


540 


THE  SOUTHEliX  I'l.A  \  TKi;. 


[  August 


This  burns  so  easily  that  you  must  stir 
it  all  the  time  after  adding  the  sugar. 
Crush  the  ginger. 

CiiEM-  Si-oxiiE  Cake.— Six  eggs, 
beaten  separately,  very  light;  to  the 
yolks  artd  three  cups  of  sugar;  beat 
again :  then  add  one  cup  of  cold  water. 
Sift  four  cups  of  flour  twice  with  two 
teaspoons  of  baking-powder.  Put  the 
flour  and  whites  of  eggs  in  alternately 
and  stir  as  little  as  possible.  Flavor 
with  nutmeg  and  bake  in  thin  jelly- 
cake  pans,  or  in  cards  in  the  biscuit 
pans.    This  is  good  with  a  sauce. 

C.KR.WES. 


TOPPING   THE   MARKET. 

Cattle  fed  on  shredded  corn  stover 
have  repeatedly  topped  the  live  stock 
market  in  price.  The  great  nutritive 
properties  of  shredded  corn  stover 
make  It  an  ideal  stock  food,  easily  ac- 
cessible to  all  farmers. 

The  size  and  price  of  buskers  and 
shredders,  until  recently,  made  it  im- 
possible for  the  small  growers  to  se- 
cure a  machine  for  the  preparation  of 
corn  fodder.  The  advent  of  the  Deer- 
Ing  Two-Roll  Husker  and  Shredder, 
which  meets  the  wants  of  the  indi- 
vidual farmer,  placed  it  within  the 
means  of  the  small  grower  to  enjoy 
all  the  benefits  of  shredded  corn 
stover.  The  Deering  FoTir-Roll  Husker 
and  Shredder  is  a  strong,  reliable  ma- 
chine designed  especially  for  the  large 
grower  or  a  club  of  farmers. 

The  scientific  construction  of  the 
Deering  shredder  head  makes  the 
shredded  stover  produced  by  Deering 
machines  especially  wholesome  and 
nutritious.  Deering  shredded  corn 
stover  is  famous  for  its  quality.  It 
makes  fat  cattle. 


HIS  IDEA  OF  A  PRAYER. 

Harold,  the  5-year-old  son  of  the 
Presbyterian  minister  of  Dayton,  Ky.. 
was  being  prepared  for  bed.  He  had 
spent  a  very  active  day  at  coasting, 
and  was  weary  and  very  sleepy. 

"Now.  Harold,  knee!  down  by 
mamma  and   say   your   little    prayer." 

"But.  mamma — "  half  asleep,  with 
his  head  on  her  shoulder. 

"Be  mamma's  good  boy,  now."  coax- 
ingly.  "Thank  God  for  all  His  good- 
ness to  you." 

But    Harold  was  asleep. 

His  mamma  gently  aroused  him. 
"Harold,  don't  be  naughty.  Be  a  good 
boy,  now,  and  thank  Jesus  for  the  nice 
home  you  have,  the  warm  clothing  and 
fire  to  keep  you  warm  and  a  mamma 
and  papa  lo  love  you.  Think  of  the 
poor  little  boys  who  are  hungry  and 
cold  to-night,  no  mamma  to  love  them 
no  warm  bed  to  go  to,  and — " 

"But,  mamma,"  interrupted  the 
sleepy  boy.  roused  to  a  protest.  "I 
think  them's  th'  fellers  that  ort  to  do 
the  prayin'.' — MHll  M.  Hundley.  i?i 
August  Lippincotfs. 


ARMOUR'S  BLOOD  MEAL'^r." 

First  proved  by  the  Kansas  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  and  since 

corroborated  by  tbotisands  of  leading  stockmen  who  have  used  it  without 

a  single   failure.      Equally  effective  for  the  diarrhea  of  all  animals. 

PREVENTS  weak  bones,  paralysis  of  the  hind  legs  and  "thumps" 

ia  pigs;  "big  head"  of  foals;    "rickets"  of  all   young   an>mals| 

abortion  due  to  incomplete  nutrition,  and  a  host  of  other  troublea. 

A  Potent  Food  for  Work  Horses,  Dairy  Cows,  Poultry. 

Write  us  for  booklet  giving  valuable  Information  about  Blood  Meal  andonr 
other  feeding  products.  Consult  us  free  of  charge  regarding  stock  diseases. 

THE  ARMOUR  FERTILIZER  WORKS, 
Chloago.        Omaha.        Baltimore.         Atlanta.        Jaoksonvtile. 


We   Are   Still    in   the    Business 


'*HILL   TOP"    stock  at  Shadwell,  Va. 

Having  changed  our  residence,  we  brought  with  us  and  have  for 

sale  a  choice  lot  of  HILL  TOP  stock. 

Jersiey    Cattle,    Southdown   and   Shropshire    Sheep, 

Berkshire  Hogs  and  B.  B.  R.  Game  Chickens. 

Our  Berkshire  Pigs  are  now  doselv  sold  up,  but  we  will  have  a  fine  lotready  to  ship 
by  September  1st.  We  will  be  gliid  to  serve  our  old  friends  and  are  always  glad  to 
make  new  ones.  ^  . 

We  have  won  more  premiums  on  sheep  and   hogs  at  State  and   County  Fairs 
than  all  other  breeders  in  Virginia  coml)ined. 

H.  A.  S.  HAMILTON  &  SONS,  Shadwell,  Va. 


5  IS    so   NECESSARY   TO   THE  « 

I    FARMER    AND    STOCK    RAISER 

5     that  he  cannot  afford  to  be  without  the 
JJ  best  means  of  pumping  it 

Z  ADVICE   FREE 

»  

5  if  application  is  made  to  us. 

t     Rams,  Windmills,  Gasoline  Engines 

^  for  pumping  and  farm  use 

I SYDNOR  PUMP  &  WELL  CO.,  Inc. 

I  Box  949.  RICHMOND,  VA. 

V 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  num- 
bers can  be  bad  for  25  cents.  Address 
our  Business  Offlce. 


T  STANDS  FOR  BIG  CROPS,  standard  evertwherl 

K'T  iiiiirunti  .li  lliliit:  i>r  ifinm-*.  ary  *.iii.t  and  ariv  uniount 
ViT  ill  ru  I'M  Kr;i--i  ?■  •  il  »..wiuK'  ft'  J  "v.mi  Jiatribution  ut 
lunipv,  dump  (»r  ilry  rtTtliir-ers,  nuthinR  t'i]iinlM  the 

SPAIiGLEIlG^r„Tn?P=.Drill 


wlK-eis  »iil.  br  la.l  tir.-s.     Easy  to  nii^iinil  operat< 
draft,     liivt'ntiu'iito  bfforo  buyiii;;.    M'rltf  for  r  reecatah 
SP AMPLER  MAKFO.  CO.,   SOI  QTTEEM  STREET,  YORK"' PA 


.-      -_-ee(i.  Dr.lls 

»U;ol  or  wood  frame,  htirh 

tight 


1U03.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


541 


We  are  Going  to  ^■■■^^^^■IM^BI^^^ 

seUYou  a  CHATHAM  FANNING  MILL 

On  60  Days'  Approval 

to  convinco  yoa  of  its  superiority  over  any  fannine  tnill  you  ever  heard 
of.  If  that  isn't  long  enough  time  we  will  take  \ourTliree  If  eursIXote. 
WKKNOW  what  the  Otiatliaiu  will  do  for  you,  how  much  monoy  it 
will  make,  how  much  it  will  save  you,  bow  strong  it  is,  how  easily  it  runs 
and  the  perfect  work  it  accomplishes.  It  will  clean  and  grade  your 
seed  grain,  will  enable  you  to  sell  your  clean  prain  at  the  top  price,  will 
save  the  timothy  seed  from  the  yearly  crop  of  i^rain,  save  the  scr=jenings 
for  feed  for  your  stock.  The  tlaatliam  will  clean  and  grade  any 
kind,  of  seed  or  grain.  The  new  bagging  attachment  saves  the  work  of 
one  man.  We  have  already  sold  OVER  one  hundred  thousand  (100,000) 
of  them  in  every  part  of  the  U.  S.  and  Canada,  and  are  not  going  tu  stop 
until  we  place  one  in  the  hands  of  every  farmer,  stock  raiser  and  seeds- 
maa  in  North  America.  We  want  you  to  send  us  your  name  and  address. 
We  will  then  send  you  the  most  instructive  book,  free, 

**How  to  Make  Dollars  Out  of  Wind." 


It  tells  ways  of  making  easy  money  that  you  never  thought 
of.  We  will  also  outline  our  TBKEE:  VEAHS' 
Plan  of  selling  you  a  CUatbaui.  It  will  surprise  you 
by  its  liberality  and  convince  you  that  we  believe  in  our 
mill.  It  gives  you  a  chance  to  let  the  mill  pay  you  before 
you  pay  us  for  the  mill. 

Here  are  some  of  the  things  others  have  done  with  the 
help  of  the  Cbatbani  Fanning  mill: 

FredDletz,  Raneomville,  N.  Y.,  got  $108  cash  for  timothy 
eeed  out  of  his  wheat,  and  dldn'  t  know  there  was  any  there. 

O.  E.Perkine.  Hallsport,  N.Y.,  got  S550  more  for  1000  bushels 
of  wheat  than  his  neighbor  did.  Perkins  used  the  Chatham ; 
neighbor  didn't 

D.  M.Bethune,  Bethune.  S.  O.,  obtains  Jl  extra  on  every 
100  pounds  of  rice  by  uelng  the  Chatham. 

G.  Woodrinff,  So.  Charleston,  O.,  secured  $157  worth  of  grass 
seed  from  cleaning  up  the  refuse  in  barn  floors  and  mangers. 

Bead  this  letter  from  the  Superintendent  of  the  High  Shoals 
Manufacturing  Company. 

Nownrite  us  and  get  that  free  book  and  our 
proposition  to  make  you  money.    Address 


High  SfiOALS  Manufacturing  Company, 

VARNS.  SHIKTIJSGS,  CtCJtCKS,  STRIPES.  ETTC 


May  25th.   1903 


aluable 


afer  I  had  begun  to  pla 


Fanning  Mill 


of  doing  vlthout   U  i 
to  V.   G. 


leighbc 
ed  and  fanning  peas. 


111 

I  the  Fanning  Mill  arrived.  In  order 
the  remainder  of  the  seed  of  my 
the  farm  1  found  that  the  seed 
al  better.  In  fact  one  would  not'' 
such  a  difference.  In  addition  to 
third  of  the  seed.  I  do  not  think 
ine  evpn  at  double  the  price  I  paid 
ra  to  fan  their  seed  and  they  all 
hey  can  see  at  present.  I  have  only 
and  89  stated  above  I  would  not 


116  Wesson  Avenue,  Detroit,  Mich. 


A  NOVEL   HAT. 

Rev.  John  Mathews,  who  was  a 
pioneer  Methodist  i^reacher  of  Ala- 
bama, has  been  remembered  for  his 
strict  views  and  many  peculiarities. 

His  wife,  who  was  more  liberal  in 
her  ideas,  was  fond  of  dress,  and  once 
sold  a  bureau  and  with  the  money 
bought  a   new   hat. 

The  following  Sunday  Brother 
Mathews,  being  disturbed  at  the  be- 
ginning of  his  discourse  by  several  of 
the  congregation  turning  to  see  the 
late  arrivals,  said: 

"Brethren  and  sisters,  don't  bother 
to  loolv  around  any  more.  I'll  tell  you 
who  comes  in." 

This  he  did.  calling  each  one  by 
name,  much  to  the  mortification  of  the 
tardy  members.  His  wife  was  among 
the  last,  and  when  she  walked  down 
the  aisle  he  said: 

"Make  way  there  for  Sister  Mathews. 
She  is  coming  with  a  bureau  on  her 
head." — August  Lippincott's. 


Mr.  Nabor:  I  witnessed  your  hls- 
band's  performance  at  the  play  last 
night,  and  I  must  say  it  was  a  great 
success;  I  never  saw  more  natural  act- 


ing. 

Mrs.  Tartar:    Indeed! 
Mephlstopoles,  I  suppose. 


Personating 


Tlltfk  r\(^\  rWCH  Saw  Mills  are  Sure  Winners. 
I  lie  L^CL^V/rVwl  I  Eitihtsizes,  from  Fnrmer.s4h.p.  upto200h.p 
If  Interested,  write  for  large  illustrate<1  catalogue  of  DeLoach  Patent  Saw  Mills  to  suit  any 
power  from  j  to  2111'  h.  p :  Shingle  MillB,  Planers,  Eilgers.  Trimmers,  Stave  and  Latli  Mills,  Bolt- 
ers, Corn  an  1I  Pnbr  Mills,  Water  Wheeli",  etf.  To  introduce  our  New  Farmers' Saw  Mill,  fitted 
with  DeLoach  Patent  Variable  Friction  Feed,  we  make  tliis  special  ofier: 

We  will  deliver  on  oars  at  factory  our 
No.  0  Pony  Farmers'  Saw  Mill,  with  Duplex 
Dogs,  ImiToved  Head  Blocks,  and  Ratch- 
et yet  \A'ork8,  complete  as  shown  in  cut, 
e.xcept  it  has  Carriage  made  in  two  4  foot 
sec  Ions  V.  uh  Rope  Uri"e  Instead  of  Rack 
and  Pinion  without  Saw  or  Belt,  for 
$116.00  Spot  Cash! 
Wi'h  36"  Solid  .«aw,  S127,50:  40",  $132.5 

41",  $140.00;    48",  S150.00. 
With  36"In8erted  Paw  J147  50;  ■iO",J152.50 

44",  8160.00;    48",S170  00. 
Best  Ruhber  Belting,  4-ply,  6",  20  cents 
per  foot ;  8",  30  cents  per  foot,  net. 
No  discount  from  these  prices. 

Our  Warrant) :  This  mill  is  warranted  to  be  made  in  a  workman-'ike  manner,  of  first  class 
material  ibroiii^Liout,  »nd  to  give  perfect  satisfaction  if  operated  according  to  our  printed  in- 
structions, wliich  nre  so  simple  thai  a  boy  can  understand  them  Any  one  with  ordinary  intelli- 
gence can  set  and  operate  without  the  assistance  of  an  experienced  sawyer  ;  will  easily  cut  2  000 
to  2,500  feet  of  first  class  board  lumber  pej  day  with  only  4  h  p. ;  3,000  feet  with  eh,  p. ;  4,000  feet 
wi'h  H  b.  p.;  is  nrtapted  to  any  kind  or  size  power  up  to  l-"!  h.  p. 

DeLOACH  MILL  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  Box  600  Atlanta,  Georgia,  U.  S.  A. 

The  DeLoach  Is  the  only  mill  made  that  is  shipped  to  all  parts  of  the  world.    Over  10.000  In  use. 


When   corresponding  with   our  advertisers  always  mention  the 
Southern  Planter. 


542 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[August 


DAVID    AND   GOLIATH. 

(A  true  and  fair  account.  In  common 
metre,  of  this  single  combat,  by  an 
Irish  bard.  Written  by  Gen'l  Basil  \V. 
Duke  I 

The  brightest  boy   oiild   .lesse  had 

Was   David,   youngest  son. 
Ha  was  a  bould  and  active  lad. 

Well   loiked   by   Ivery   one. 

Altho'  he  had  to  moind  the  sheep. 

To  larn  he  was  so  sharp. 
Whin   other  boys  wor'  fast  asleep 

He'd  practice  on  the  harp. 

'Twonld  make  the  birds  av  hiven  hide 
Their  heads  to  hear  him  sing. 

He'd  murther  half  the  country  side 
Wid  pebbles  and  a  sling. 

And  thin   the  soothin'  ways  he  knew 
To  capture  young  and  old; 

The  female  sex — Och,  Whillielu! 
'Twas  there  wor'  his  best  hold. 

Whin  David  was  some  eighteen  years 

Of  age   or  thereabout, 
Betwane  the  haythen  and  Judear 

A  bloody  war  broke  out. 

His  brothers  'listed  for  the  war — 
Begorra!    they    wor'    daisies; 

His  father  tuk  a  conthract  for 
To   sell   the   army   chases. 

"David,"  the  ould  man  said  wan  day, 
•'■you'd  loike  a  little  thramp. 

Jist  load  some  chases  on  the  dhray 
And  take  'em  down  to  camp." 

He  dhrove  to  camp  and  sought  straight- 
way 

The  commissary's   tent; 
He  got  a  voucher  for  his  pay. 

Thin   to  his  brothers  went. 

He  found  thira  lookin'  mighty  blue 
And   in  a  dhreadful  fright; 

Rptrate  was  what  they  wished  to  do 
And  divi!  a  bit  to  fight. 

A  big.  black  bully,  tin   foot  tall. 

Was  bhiffin'  all  the  Jews. 
And  throops  and  staff  and  Oin'ral  Saul 

Wor'  quakin'  in  their  shoes. 

Goliath   was  the   craythur's   name, 

A  howlin'  Philistine; 
His    sword    was    loike    the    lightnin's 
flame. 

His  staff  was  loike  the  pine. 

He  wore  upon  his  back  and  breast 
Tin  thousand  pounds  of  brass; 


PrUK  BRKI) 

Short   Horn   Calves 

from   fine  Stock      Al^;o 

Yorkshire   Pigs 

of  very  Prolilic  Hreed 

JAS    n.  HOQE,  Hamilton.  Va 


22  Yean 

Ibebcsl 

WAGON 

MADE. 


THE  ^FLORENCE 

FARM   WAGON 

is  FULLY  GUARANTEED  to  bo  the  very  best,  stron?- 
and  liebtest  draft  vvagron  for  all  farm  pur- 
poses. Neat,  handsome,  substantially  con- 
structed from  best  ^ade  seasoned  timber, 
well  ironed,  it  possesses  every  quality  that 
makes  it  desirable.  See  the  FLORENCE 
at  our  nearest  agency.  If  there  is  no  agency  near, 
write  us  direct  and  we  will  send  you  free  our  illus- 
trated Cat.ilovrue,  our  attractive  periodical  "The 
Flor3nce  WagQin'  Tongue,"  and  make  you  an  o£Eer 
to  supply  you  %vitb  a  FLORENCE  WAGON  on  liberal  terms  and  at  a  low  price. 
Write  todarto  Oept.C.     FLORENCE  WAGON  WORKS,  Florence,  Alabama. 


The  Western  Farmer'i  Farorlte. 


■-■  DO<><;OCKKK>S«JOOi><KHjOO<>COOOOOC  OOOaaO<H>f>000<H3<K>0^ 


I  PpO^  PREPARED^ 


AGRICULTURAL 


E 


The  Old  Reliable  for  WHEAT,  OATS, 
CLOVER  and  OTHER  GRASSES;  has 
stood  the  test  for  twenty-five  years, 
being  composed  principally  of  Hydrate 
of  Lime,  Sulphate  of  Lime  and  Potash. 


OUR  SPECIAL  WHEAT  FERTILIZER. 

We  put  tlii.s  brand  on  the  lUMrkct  only  a  few  years  ajro,  and  have  had 
verv  flatterii n  results.  The  liest  furmers  sav  that  thev  tret  better 
STAND  ;ind  OWOWTH  of  GRASS  and  CLOVER  from  it  than  from 
otliT  fertilizers.  Ti  is  we  can  confidently  recommend  for  CORN- 
LAND  or  anv  other  land  of  fair  fertility. 


FRUIT  TREES. 


Maj    G    A    ISarksdaleoilUclimond,  Va  ,  has  used  our  PREPARED 

LIME  on  his  fruit  trees,  and  says  it  has  made  womlerful  iiuprove- 
ment,  both  in  the  condition  of  the  ttees  au.l  (|unlity  of  the  fruit. 


PLAIN  SHELL  LIME 

Coiii'tantly  on  hand  at  lowest  prices. 

No.  1  WOOD=BURNT  LIME 

In  car  lotR  at  lowest  market  price  from  kilns 


2           If  ynu  wish  to  IMPROVE  vour  Uini,  use  a  t.,n  t...  four  acre.s  for  WHEAT  X 

a   and  CLOVER,  or  if  you  wish  to  seed  it  for  other  GRASSES  where  tlie  land  5 

O    is  in  flood  coudiiiou.  use  tlie  same  (|Uanitv  and  it  will  give  vou  a  <rooi  STAND  o 

S    and  GROWTH  of  GRASS.     Kor  reclaiMiiii!:  POOR  land, "where  there  is  little  g 

O    or  no  VEGETATION,  COVER  naked  places  with  litter  from  the  barnyard  or  <J 

O    forest,  using  the  same  qxv.i:  ity   and  >ok  winter  OATS  and  CLOVER.  g 

X                                     SEND    rOR    CIRCULAR    AND    PRICES.  5 

I         A.   S.   LEE   (gL  SON,  I 

o  102  S.  13th    Street,         -■-        Richmond,   Virginia.  S 

g  § 
>Q<K><>CK>o<joo<3Cwaooooooo<jaocK>oacH>o<iQOaoocHjoCK]a<x>a<H3<Hj<H5o 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


543 


"MOORE"    QUALITY 


"MOORH"    QUANTITY 


J.  s. 


Successors  to  D.  O'SULLIVAN,  and  J.  S.  MOORE  &  SONS. 


CORNCR    EIGHTEENTH    &    MAIN    STREETS. 


RICHMOND,    VIRQINIA. 


Wholesale  and  Retail  Grocers,  Feed  and  Liquor  Dealers. 

WE  ARE  THE  LEADERS  0>^    LOW  PRICES. 


Pride  of  Richmond  Flour $4.35 

No  belter  can  be  gotten. 
Daisy  Flour,   which   is  a  fine  ar- 
ticle       4.00 

Mill  Feed,  Ship  Stuff,  sacked,  per 

100    $1.15 

Browu  Stuff,  sacked,  per  100 1.10 

Country  Meal    (fine),  sacked,  per 

100    1.40 

Coarse  Meal,  sacked,  per  100 1.20 

Cotton  Seed  Meal,  sacked,  per  100.   1.40 
Chop  Food,  sacked,  per  100 1.25 


SOAPS!  Now  we  have  lots  of  Soaps. 
The  brands  are  of  such  variety  that  it 
would  be  taking  up  your  valuable 
time  in  putting  the  brands  in  rotation, 
but  we  will  give  you  prices  on  our  lead- 
ing goods: 
Moon  Soap.  S-oz.  bars,  100  to  the 

box,  per  box   $2.00 

Hustler  Soap,  120  to  the  box,  8-oz. 

bars,  per  box 2.25 

SALT. 

200  pound  sack,  per  sack 80 

100  pound  sack,  per  sack 45 

Ice  Cream  Salt,  per  sack 70 

Rock  Salt,  for  Cattle,  per  100  lbs..      80 
CAKES. 


We  are  the  leaders  in  our  line  of 
goods.  We  are  new  in  the  retail  busi- 
ness, but  we  know  how  to  treat  our 
customers,  as  we  have  been  doing  for 

years.  i  Nice  Mixed  Cakes,  per  box 6i  I  Apple  Brandy,  per 

Prices  Subject  to  Market  Fluctuations.    Order  Now. 
Write  for  prices  on  anything  in  above  line  not  quoted. 


Ginger  Snaps,  per  box 4 

Cream  Crackers,  per  box 6J 

Soda  Crackers,  per  box 4 

LARDS. 
Pure  Leaf  Lard,  50  lb.  can,  per  lb. .   lOJ 

Compound  Lard,  per  lb     9 

HERRINGS. 
We    have    a   fish   that    will   count 

700  to  the  barrel,  per  barrel.  .$4.25 

Roe  Herrings,  per  half  barrel 2.75 

WHISKEY. 

Old  Capital,  per  gallon $1.50 

Excelsior,  per  gallon   2.00 

Keystone,  per  gallon  2.50 

Crown,  per  gallon   3.00 

N.  C.  Corn  Whiskey,  per  gallon. .   2.00 

Gibson,  per  gallon   3.00 

allon 2.25 


The  Most  popular  Machines  in  use  for  Peanut  Picking  and  Grain  Threshing  are  the 


HEEBNER'S 

LITTLE  GIANT  and 

PENNSYLVANIA 

Machines,  and  they  have  splendid  improvements  for  1903. 
They  are  built  in  first-class  manner,  and  are  strong  and 
durable.  The  price  is  within  the  reach  of  all  We  guaran- 
tee them  to  do  the  work  satisfactory.  We  will  mail  cata- 
ogue  and  testimonials,  and  quote  prices  on  application. 

RUBBER,    LEATHER 

A^D 

6ANDY  BELTING. 
ECLIPSE" 


ENGINES  and  BOILERS. 
ERIE  ENGINES  and  BOILERS. 

THE  CELEBRATED 

CHASE"    SAW  MILLS 

AND 

"  DE  LOACH  "  MACHINERY- 


^i^Fq^j^"'  "^ 


This  cut  shows  our  5  and  7  h.  p.  "Little 
Samson"  Vertical,  Automatic  Engine,  for 
running  threshers,  peanut  pickers,  cutting 
feed,  sawing  wood    etc. 

Larger  size  also  furnished. 


STRATTON  &  BRAGG  CO..  20=22  N.  Sycamore  St.,  Petersburg,  Va. 


544 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER. 


[August 


The  shine  av  him,  complately  dhressed 
Would  smash  a  lookln'-glass. 

And  ivery  day  the  baste  would  sthrut. 

Inflamed  wid  dhrink  an'  pride, 
And  kept  all  Israel  closely  shut 

In  lines  well  fortified. 

"Come  out,"  he'd  bawl,  "Come  out  &y 
there, 

Beyant  your  dirty  works; 
Come,  ave  ye  dare,  and  fight  me  fair. 

Ye  bloody  Habrew  Turks." 

But    ivery    faithful    Israelite 
Said,  "Lave  the  blaggard  be. 

Av  coorse  no  dacint  Jew  can  fight 
Wid  such  low  trash  as  he." 

This  sort  av  thing  was  well  and  gooc. 
Till    David   jined   the   throop. 

Whin    he  the   matter   understood, 
Bedad,  he  raised  a  whoop. 

"It  is  a  burnin'  sin  and   shame," 

He  said,  "upon  me  word. 
To   hear   this   haythen   hound   defanr 

The  chosen  av  the  Lord." 

"And  since  no  other  raon  has  felt 

A  wish  to  tan  his  hide, 
I'll  fight  him  for  the  champion's  belt 

And  fifty  pounds  a  side." 

The  corp'ril  av  the  guard,  he  tould 

The   off'shur  av  the   day 
What  David  said,  and  he  made  boul-! 

To  mintion  it  at  tay. 

The  edge-du-kong  was  in  that  mess. 

And  heerd  the  whole  discourse; 
So  he — he  couldn't   do  no  less — 

Tould  Gin'ral  Saul,  av  course. 

The  Chafe   of    Staff   tould    the    Hig'i 
Priest 

To  send  preemptuous  ordhers 
For  David  to  report  in  haste 

At  Gin'ral  Saul's  headquarters. 

But  whin  the  son  of  Jesse  kirn 

And  Saul  beheld  the  lad, 
So  young,  so  thinder  loike  and  shlim, 

It  made  him  tearin'  mad. 

"Oh.  Houly  MospsI    look  at  that," 
Said  Saul,  "The  boy's  consate; 

How  can  it  be  that  such  a  brat 
Can  match  that  heavy  weight? 

"Wid  that  blood  suckin'  .slant  thafe 
This  liaby  cannot   strhrive; 

The  Philistine,  it's  my  belafe. 
Would  eat  him  up  alive." 

Thin  David  said,  "My  lord,  it's  thrue. 

Thi=  =anio=  a   rash  intint, 


Uncle  Sam  says  it's 
all  right 

Uncle  Sam,  In  the  person  of  ten  of  his  eovemment  ofBcials,  Is  always  In  charge  of  every 
department  of  our  distillery.  Durinc  the  entire  process  of  distillation,  after  the  whiskey 
is  stored  In  barrels  in  our  warehouses,  during  the  seven  years  it  remains  there,  from  the 
very  ^ain  we  buy  to  the  whiskey  you  get.  Uncle  Sam  is  constantly  on  the  watch.  We  dare 
not  take  a  gallon  of  our  own  whiskey  from  our  own  warehouse  unless  he  says  it's  all  right. 
And  when  he  does  say  so.  that  whiskey  goes  direct  to  you.  with»all  its  original  strength,  rich- 
ness and  flavor,  carrying  a  cr>nTED  STATES  REGISTERED  DISTILLER'S  GUARAN- 
TEE of  PURITY  and  AGE,  and  saving  the  dealers'  enormous  profits.  That's  why 
HATNER  WHlSKEIf  is  the  best  for  medicinal  purposes.  That's  why  it  is  preferred  for 
other  uses.  That's  why  we  have  over  a  quarter  of  a  million  satisfied  customers.  That's 
why  YOU  should  try  it    YouT  money  back  if  you're  not  satls&ed. 

Direct  from  our  distillery  to  YOU 

Saves  Dialtrs'  Profits  I   Prsvents  Adultsratlon  I  ^""" 

HAYNER  WHISKEY 

PURE  SEVEN-YEAR-OLD  RYE 

4     FULL     $0:20  EXPRESS 
QUARTS  O      PREPAID 

We  win  send  you  FOUR  FULL  QUART  BOTTLES  of  HAYNER'S  SEVEN- 
■yEAR-OLD  RYE  for  13.20,  and  we  will  pay  the  express  charges.  Try  it  and 
If  you  don't  And  it  all  right  and  as  good  as  you  ever  used  or  can  buy  from 
anybody  else  at  any  price,  send  it  back  at  our  expense,  and  your  J3.20  will  be 
returned  to  you  by  next  mail.  Just  think  that  offer  over.  How  could  it  be 
fairer;  If  you  are  not  perfectly  satisfied,  you  are  not  out  a  cent.  Better  let 
us  send  you  a  trial  order.  If  you  don't  want  four  quarts  yourself,  get  a 
friend  to  join  you.  We  ship  in  a  plain  sealed  case,  no  marks  to  show  what's 
Inside. 

Orders  for  Ariz.,  CaL,  Col.,  Idaho.  Mont..  Nev.,  N.Mex..  Ore. , Utan,  Wash, 
or  Wyo.  must  be  on  the  basis  or  4  Oaarts  for  »1.00  by  Express 
Prepaid  or  SO  <taart8  for  S16.00  by  Freight  Prepaid. 

Write  our  nearest  office  and  do  it  NOW. 

THE  HAYNER  DISTILLING  COMPANY 

K.lANTAi  GA.  DAYTON.  OHIO  ST,  LOUIS,  MO,  ST.  PAUL,  MINN. 

15.3  DlSTEULKBT,  TROT,   O.  ESTABUSHSD  1866 


CHARTERED     1870. 

MERCHANTS  NATIONAL  BANE 

OF    RICHMOND,     VIRGINIA. 
Capital  Stock,  -  =  -  $200,000.00 

Surplus  and  Profits,  -  -  $628,000  00 

DesigDitted  Depository  of  the  United  States,  City  of  RK'hinonil  and  Commonwealth 

of  Virginia. 
Being  the  Largest  Depository  for  Banks  between  Baltimore  and  New  Orleans,  this 

Bank  oftersf  superior  faciUties  for  direct  and  quick  collections 
JNO.  P.  BRANCH,  JNO.  K.  BRANCH.  JOHN  W.  GLEKN, 

President.  Vice-President,  Cashier 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


545 


But  while  I  weigh  but  nine  stun'  two, 
I'm   full   av   divilmint. 

"A  lion  and  a  bear  kim  down 
The  mountain's  rugged  sides; 

I  slew  the  bastes  and  went  to  town 
And  thraded  off  their  hides. 

"And  since  for  roarin'  bastes  like  thim 
I've  found  I'm  tough  enough. 

I'm  quite  convinced  that  I  can  thrim 
This  blaggard  haythen  rough." 

'Avlck!"    says    Saul,    "ye're    full    ave 
pluck, 
And  wag  your  little  chin 
Loikc  wan  who  ra'ly  thrusts  his  luck 
And  manes  to  thry  and  win. 

"I'll  give  ye  my  best  coat  av  mail — 
A  new  spring  suit  jist  made — 

Tuck  it  a  thrifle  in  the  tail. 
And  pad  the  shouldher  blade." 

But  David  didn't  understand 

The  use  av  sich  a  thing, 
And  only  wanted  in  his  hand 

His  stalT  and  thrusty  sling. 

Whin  Goliath  saw  little  David  ap- 
proachin'.  after  bavin'  heerd  proclama- 
tion that  a  gra'at  champion  was  comin' 
out  to  fi.s;l;t  him,  musha,  he  laughed  for 
to  split  his  side.s:  and  by  reason  av 
what  passed  bechune  thim  in  the  way 
av  talk,  I  dhrap  out  av  po'thry  for  a 
bit,  bekase,  whoile  poth'ry  is  moighty 
foine  for  sintimintal  dailogue,  it's  no 
good  at  all  for  a  ra'al  sthrong,  forst- 


EMPIRE  DRILLS 


Bkip 


ACCURATELY  MEASURE 

ALL  KINDS  OF  GRAIN 

WITHOUT    CHANGE. 

That  is,  if  you  set  the   Empire 

Feed  to  sow  any  amount  from  24 

to  128  quarts  per  acre,  it  will  sow 

exactly  that  amount  of  wheat, 

oats  or  any  other  small  grain 

without  further  change,    A  good 

^  'stand  of  grain  is  assured, when  you 

'sow  with  a"!!  Empire  Drill. 

Umpire  Grain  Drills  do  not  bunch, 

-  choke.  Made  in  all  styles  and  sizea. 


Write  for  Free  Catalogues. 

EMPIRE  DIVISION 

AMERICAN    SEEDING    MACHINE    COMPANY, 
2S  Monroe  Street,  Springfield,  Ohio. 


A  WASHING  MACHINE  is  as  great  a  necessity  in  the  house  as  a  wringer 

THE  MAJESTIC  ROTARY  WASHER 

has  loo  many  good  points  for  explanation  in  an  ad- 
vertisement Yoi;r  name  on  a  postal  card  will 
bring  our  booklet,  with  full  particulars  of  our  six 
different  machines  and  how  to  get  them.  One  of 
them  will  certainly  please  you.  All  are  made  with 
electrically  welded  wire  hoops  sunk  in  grooves — our 
patent.  Being  the  largest  manufacturers  of  wood* 
enware  in  the  world,  we  can  make  better  machines 
for  the  money  than  any  one  else.  If  you  want  a 
machine  that  washes,  buy  one  of  ours. 

THE  RICHMOND  CEDAR  WORKS,  Richmond,  Va. 


O  l«HCH><H><KH>i>0<H><K><HKH>CH»<H><^  •<K«H><H>i«KKH><H><K«Hi<HKH>tKH>^^ 

iWAQONS  and  BUGGIES 

MADE 

RfQHT  HERE 

AT    HOME 

BY 


The   BARBOUR   BUGGY  CO.,    1 
The    HUGHES    BUGGY    CO., 
The  VIRGINIA    WAGON    CO.    j 


All  cf  Virginia. 


These  vehicles  are  guaranteed  to  be  as  good  as  can  be  bought  elsewhere;  material  and 
workmanship  unsurpassed ;  all  sizes  and  styles,  prices  low.  We  can  save  you  time, 
money  and  freight  by  purchasing  our  vehicles.  Send  for  our  illustrated  catalogues. 
Drop  in  our  warehouse  and  inspect  our  stock.     Inquiries  cheerfully  answered. 

$  AGENTS    FOR     DEERING     MACHINES. 

g  RICHMOND  BUGGY  &  WAGON  CO.,  1433  E.  Main  Street,  RICHMOND,  VA. 

I  J.  T-  DUNN,  Manager. 


546 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLAjVTER. 


[August 


class,   breezy  blaggardin'   match. 

"Oh,  Jases!"  said  Goliath,  wid  the 
wather  bilin'  out  av  his  eyes  for 
laughin',  "what  sort  av  thing  is  that? 
May  the  divil  admire  me!"  he  says, 
"iv  I  dtin't  belave  it's  a  monkey  escaped 
from  an  organ  grinder." 

"Yell  foind  me  a  moighty  bad  thing 
to  monkey  wid,"  says  David,  "ye  big 
thafe,  wid  a  pot  on  your  head  loike  a 
cupolo  on  a  sthame  fire  engine,  and 
your  dirthy  black  mouth  loike  the 
hole  av  a  coal  cellar." 

"Ye  little  skinned  pole-cat,"  says 
Goliath,  beginnin'  to  grow  mad,  whin 
he  diskivered  that  David's  rhethoric 
was  suparior  to  his,  "do  ye  think  I'm 
a  dog  that  ye've  got  a  sthick  to  bate 
me   wid?" 

"Bedad,"  says  David,  "I  wouldn't  be 
afthor  doin'  a  dacint  dog  such  in- 
.lustice;  but  it's  dog  mate  I'm  goin'  to 
make  av  yo." 

"Hear  that!"  says  Goliath;  " 'arrah. 
Now,  tache  your  granmother  to  faad 
ducks!" 

"Dhry  up!"  says  David,  "Bad  scran 
to  ye."  he  says.  "Ye  haven't  the  since 
av  a  catfish.  By  the  light  that  shines, 
your  bad  grammar  gives  me  a  cramp 
in  the  stummick."     Och,  David  had  a 


tongue  in  his  head  loike  a  Jews-harp. 

"Tear  an'  ouns!"  says  David.  "I'll 
give  the  buzzards  a  picnic  wid  yer 
karkiss.  and  shure  It  "ull  make  thim 
sick   to  ate   ye." 

"Yc're  a  liar."  says  Goliath. 

"Ye're  another,"  says  David,  "an' 
an   opthalmic  ould  Cyclops   to  boot." 

Wid  that  Goliath  lost  his  temper 
inioirely.  He  pawed  up  the  ground 
and  kiin  at  David  wid  his  eyes  shut, 
a-bellowin' — and  that  brings  me  back 
to  mo  poth'ry: 

Goliath  poised  his  mighty  spear, 

'Twas  fifty  feet  in  length, 
And  unto  David  dhrawin'  near 

He  punched  wid  all  his  strength; 

But  David  was  surprisin'  quick 

And  sphry  upon  his  pins; 
So,  dodgin'  nately,  wid  his  shtick 

He  whacked  Goliath's  shins. 

Wid  pain  the  gaint  howled  and  grinned. 

And  dlirapped  both  shield  and  lance 
To  rub  his  leg  the  lick  had  skhinned; 

Thin  David  saw  his  chance. 

Takin'  a   brick   from   out   his   scrip. 
He  put  il   in  his  sling. 


And,  whirlin'  it  'round  head  and  hip. 
He  let  it  dhrive  full  swing. 

Right   to   the   mark  the   darnick   flies, 

.-Vs  sthraight  as  to  a  hod; 
It  smote  the  wretch  betwane  the  eyes 

And  stretched  him  on  the  sod. 

Thin  David,  for  to  prove  him  dead. 

In    sight   av   all    beholders. 
Chopped  off  his  unbelavin'  head 

From  his  blasphamious  sho'lders. 
********** 
Whin    the    Phenaysian    sailors    sought 

Long  since  ould  Erin's  sthrand, 
A  prince  of  David's  blood  they  brought 

Who  settled   in   the   land; 

From   him   the    Irish    race   had   birth, 
And  that's  why  we  delight  in 

Beyant  all  other  thribes  on  earth. 
The     harp's     swate      sthrains     and 
fightin". 

That  this  surmise  is   in   nowise   thin 

Can  easily  he  shown. 
For  sthick  and   harp   have   ever   been 

As   Erin's   imblims   known. 

So    let    her   inimies    beware 
How  they  indulge  their  hate; 

Let  England  thremble  lest  she  share 
Goliath's  dhreadful  fate. 


Latest    Improved    FARM    IMPLEMENTS. 


Sclentltic  Steel  Corn  Harvester. 
The  best  Harvester  on  earth,  for  standing  corn 

Safety  seats.  Safety  shafts. 


ROSS.... 

]'"o(lder  Cutlers,  Fodder 
.Shredders,  Cuttersfor  all 
purposes,  Corn  Shellers, 
Grinding  Mills,  Horse 
Powers  and  Wood  Saws. 


Evaporators. 


Special  prices  given  on  Stndebaker  and 
Brown   Wagons,   fiuggles  and  Carts. 


Studebaker  Buggies,  all  styles,  Stndebaker 
Carriages,  Studebaker  Carts,  Stnde- 
baker Runabouts, 


Buckeye  Force  Pumps.  Porce- 
lained  Wood  Pumps.  Wood  and 
Steel  Wind  Mills. 


Superior  Grain  and  Fertilizer 
Drills.     Hoe  and  Disc. 


HENING  &  NUGKOLS, 


The  Lyons  ImproTed  Fanning  Mill. 


Plaii 


Superior  Qrain   Drills, 
and    Fertilizer    Hoe  aud    Disc 
Drills— All  sizes. 


TKiER  Steel  and  Wood  Self-Dump  Rakes, 
GRANDER  Steel  and  Wood  Hand-Dump  Kakes, 
all  sizes. 

ELI  BALING  PRESSES. 


Successors  to 

CHAS.  E.  HUNTER, 


KM  [,  Mi  81., 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


547 


A.  C.  SINTON.  President, 


R.  R.  GWATHMEY,  Vice-President, 
Jl      ^      Jl      Jl      Jt 


J.  J.  SUTTON,  Secretary. 


ESTABLISHED  1840. 


The 


PEERLESS  EN«IXE. 


DAIN  CUKN  CUTTER. 


STAR  SWEEP  MILL. 


SECTIO.N'  OF  WIRE  FENCE. 


SECTION  OF  WIRE  FENCE. 


WATT  PLOW  CO., 

15th  &  Franklin  and  14lh  &  Main  Sts.,  Riclimond,  Va. 

Agricultural  Implements, 
Machinery,  Vehicles  and 
Harness.  ^  ^  ^  ^ 


INCORPORATED  1893. 


WATT  PLOW. 


A  full  Stock  always  on  hand,  and 
prompt  shipments  guaranteed.  South 
Bend,  Dixie  and  Farmer's  Friend 
Plows  and  repairs.  The  Hancoclt  Ro- 
tary Disc  Plow,  warranted  to  go  in 
the  ground  where  all  others  fail. 

Hocking  Valley  Feed  Cutters.  Cy- 
clone Shredders,  Smalley  Feed  Cutters, 
Dain  Corn  Cutters.  Equal  to  any  made. 
Staver  Buckeye  Feed  Mill  and  Horse 
Power  Combined.  Star  Sweep  Mill. 
Either  grinds  corn  on  cob  or  shelled. 

Whitman  All-Steel,  full  circle  Hay 
Presses.  George  Ertel  Company's  full 
circle  Hay  Presses.  Rapid  Fire  Horse 
Power  Hay  Press,  for  one  horse,  a  good, 
cheap  press.  Will  put  from  150  to  200 
bales  a  day.  The  well  known  Minnich 
Brand  Baling  Preses. 

Hocking  Valley  Wine  and  Cider 
Mills.  Hard  wood  rollers.  The  best 
mill  made. 

Hocking  Valley  Corn  Shellers,  for 
hand  or  power.  Smalley  Electric  Pole 
and  Wood  Saws,  for  steam  or  horse 
power.  Peerless  Engines  and  Saw 
Mills  always  in  stock.  Several  good 
second-hand  Engines  and  other  second- 
hand machinery  for  sale.  "Pittsburgh 
Perfect"  fencing,  electrically  welded 
See  cuts  showing  weld.  Barb  Wire. 
Plain  Galvanized  Wire,  Baling  Wire 
and  Bale  Ties.  Continental  Disc  Har- 
rows. Buffalo  and  Lean  Spike  Harrows 

The  celebrated  Columbus.  Ohio,  Bug- 
gies, Carriages.  Runabouts,  and  Traps 

Farm  Wagons  and  Delivery  Wagons, 
a  complete  stock. 

Correspondence  solicited. 


■'/     '/    '  /    '  I    'I    '   I  M 

.-I'IKE  HARROW. 


CARRIAGE. 


GRAIN   DRILL. 


548 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLANTER. 


[August 


1  iiSI. 


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are  the  most  popular  ones  In  this  section. 
We  can  SAVE  YOU  MONEY  on  whatever 
journal  you  wish. 


DAILIES. 

Price.    With 
Alone.  Planter. 

TImea-Dlspatch.  Richmond,  Va J5  00  J5  00 

The  Popt,  Washington,  D.  C 6  00    6  00 

The  Sun.  Baltimore.  Md s  oo    ;no 

News-Leader,  Richmond,  Va 3  00    3  00 

TRI-WEEKLY. 

The  World  (thrlce-a-week),  N.  Y....  1  00  1  25 

WEEKLIES. 

Harper's  Weekly    4  00  ^^ 

Harper's  Bazaar  1  00  i  to 

Montgomery  Advertiser  1  00  1  60 

Nashville  American   50  75 

The  Baltimore  Sun  1  00  1  3B 

Breeder's  Gazette  2  00  1  7B 

Hoard  B  Dairyman  1  00  1  36 

Country  Gentleman  '!!!!lB0  175 

>ntral  Presbyterian,     ••           "    ..'^2  00  2'.=) 

«eIlglous  Herald,  Richmond,  Va....!  2  00  2  26 

Tlmcs-Dlspatch,  Richmond,  Va 1  00  1  J.s 

Christian  Advocate,       '•          ••            1  50  1  75 

"""*■=«'' :;;:  300  3 oo 

SEMI-MONTHLIES. 

Wool  .Markets  and  Sheep 50       75 

Dairy  and  Creamery  '...      50       75 

Commercial  Poultry  .  en       71: 

*'""- :::::;::;:;:  160  ill 

MONTHLIES. 

North  American  Review  s  00    6  00 

The  Century  Magazine 4  00    4  25 

St.   Nicholas  Magazine 3  00    3  26 

Llpplncott's  Magazine  2  60    2  50 

Harper's  Magazine   i.^OO    4  00 

Forum   Magazine    3  Oo    3  25 

Scrlbner's  Magazine  3  00    3  26 

Prank  Leslies  Magazine  1  OO    1  35 

Cosmopolitan  Magazine   100    135 

Everyhody's  Maga/lne  100    135 

Munsey  .Magazine   [  j  00    135 

Strand  Magazine  1  25    16^ 

McClure's  Magazine   I!!!!l00    136 

Argosy  Magazine  1  OO    135 

Review  of  Reviews  .......'.  2  60    2  75 

Succeisfiil  Kiirining 100       7.r, 

Southern  KnilKJrower 50       85 

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Seed  House  of  the  South. 


JAPAN 
BUR 


CLOVER, 
CLOVER, 


BUCKWHEAT, 
OATS  and 
CANE  SEED. 


**  Whatsoever  One  Soweth,  That  Shall  He  Reap. 


We  sell  strictly  reliable  FIELD  AND  GARDEN  SEEDS  of  every 
variety  at   Lowest   Market   rates,    Included    In  which   are 

RAGLAND'S     PEDIGREE    TOBACCO    SEEDS. 

^      ^      ^      WE  ALSO   SELL 

Our   Own    Brands   of    Fertilizers 

For  Tobacco,  Corn,  Wheat,  Potatoes,  &c. 

Pure    Raw-Bone    Meal,    Nova    Scotia    and  Virginia    Plaster   and 
Fertilizing  Materials  generally. 

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Samples  sent  by  mail  when  desired. 

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4; 


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WHOLESALE 

AND 

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ALL  STOCK   TRUE   TO    NAME. 


Apples,  Nectarines,  Pecans, 

Pears,  Cherry,  Chestnuts, 

Peach,  Quinces,  Walnuts. 

Plum,  Almonds,  Small  Fruits, 

Apricots, 
CALIFORNIA   PRIVET,  lor  Hedging. 

.    .    AGENTS  WANTED 


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.i'«fi"t"t"i"t"t'4**fr*i"i"i"t"t"f'i"t-t*^'t"t"f't"'fr*g"i"f"t"f"i"if' 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


549 


THE  CLOCK  STRUCK  ONE. 

The  head  of  the  family,  with  his  be- 
loved sweetbriar  and  his  favorite  mag- 
azine, had  settled  back  in  the  rocker 
for  a  quiet,  comfortable  evening. 

On  the  other  side  of  an  intervening 
talile  was  the  miniature  counterpart  of 
himself,  the  wrinkling  of  whose  8-year- 
old  forehead  indicated  that  he  was 
mentally  wrestling  with  some  perplex- 
ing problem.  After  a  while  he  looked 
towards  his  comfort-loving  parent  and, 
with  a  hopeless  inflection,  asked: 

"Pa?" 

"Yes,  son." 

"Can  the  Lord  make  everything.' ' 

"Yes,  my  boy." 

'Every  thing?" 

"There  is  nothing,  my  son,  that  He 
cannot  do?" 

"Papa,  could  He  make  a  clock  that 
would  strike  less  than  one?" 

"Now.  Johnny,  go  right  upstairs  to 
your  ma,  and  don't  stop  down  here  to 
annoy  me  when  I'm  reading." 

Johnny  went  and   wondered   still 
August  LippincoW s . 


SARAH'S    GLOVES. 

A  family  in  the  South  had  a  coal- 
black  cook  named  Sarah,  whose  hus 
band  was  suddenly  killed  in  a  quarry 
accident.  For  the  time  being  her  grief 
was  lUayed  by  the  preparations  for 
an  elaborate  funeral,  and  on  the  day 
of  this  event,  so  dear  to  negroes  who 
desire  to  show  their  importance,  she 
appeared  before  her  mistress  in  deep- 
est black,  but  on  her  hands  were  a 
pair  of  white  gloves,  such  as  soldiers 
wear  at  dress  parade  and  guard 
mount. 

"Why.  Aunty,"  exclaimed  her  mis- 
tress, "what  made  you  get  white 
gloves?" 

Sarah  drew  herself  up  indignantly 
and  said  in  the  chilliest  of  tones, 
"Don't  you  suppose  I  wants  dem 
niggahs  to  see  dat  I'se  got  on  gloves?" 
— August  Lippincott's. 


have,  but  we  have  more  cream  than 
you  do.  We  have  enough  for  our 
cereal  every  single  morning." 

"Poohl"  said  the  other,  "that's  no- 
thing. We  own  a  Jersey  cow,  and  we 
get  a  whole  cowful  of  cream  twice 
every   day." — August   Lippincott's. 


A  TUNNEL  THAT  HELPS  TO  DIG 
ITSELF. 
In  the  new  Simplon  tunnel  under 
the  Alps,  which  will  be  by  far  the 
greatest  tunnel  in  the  world,  having  a 
length  of  fourteen  miles,  and  which, 
it  is  now  reported,  will  be  completed 
in  July,  1305,  the  quantity  of  water 
flowing  out  of  the  southern  end,  from 
the  many  veins  encountered  in  the 
heart  of  the  mountain,  amounts  to 
fifteen  thousand  gallons  a  minute,  and 
furnishes  sufficient  power  to  compress 
the  air  by  which  the  drills  are  worked, 
and  to  refrigerate  the  tunnel.  The  ne- 
cessity of  refrigeration  may  be  judged 
from  the  fact  that  the  heat  in  the 
deeper  parts  of  the  tunnel  rises  as  high 
as  one  hundred  and  forty  degrees  Fahr. 
when  not  artificially  reduced.  Life 
would  be  impossible  in  the  tunnel  if  a 
successful  system  of  refrigeration  had 
not  been  devised.  When  a  continuous 
hole  through  the  mountain  has  been 
made,  the  temperature  can  more  easily 
be  kept  down. — Youth's  Companion. 


FORGOT    SOMETHING. 

It  was  in  a  western  hotel,  and  a  girl 
of  sweet  sixteen  had  left  the  table,  at 
which  her  parents  were  still  seated, 
and  had  gone  the  entire  length  of  the 
dining-room,  when  she  paused  in  the 
doorway  and  her  fresh  young  voice  cut 
the  air  with   the   word— 

"Maw!" 

"Well?"  replied  her  "maw,"  shrilly. 

"I  forgot  my  gum.  Fetch  it  when 
you  come  upstairs.  It's  stuck  under 
the  table  right  underneath  my  plate. 
I'll  want  it  for  the  matinaj/  this  after- 
noon, you  know." — August  Lippin- 
cott's. 


FOR  SALE.— A  McCORMICK 
Corn  Binder  and  a  Hawkeye 
Stump  Puller.  All  in  perfect 
condition.  W.  E.  THOMAS, 
Nassawadox,  Va. 


"Feeds  and  Feeding" 

Prof.  Henry's  Great  Book  for 
Farmers  and  Stockmen. 

Delivered  anywhere  for        -        -    |2.00 
With  the  SOUTHERN  PLANTER,  .252 


Mrs.  Brown  (nudging  Mr.  Brown, 
who  snores  with  his  mouth  open)  — 
William,  you'd  make  less  noise  if  you'd 
keep  your  mouth  shut! 

Mr.  Brown  (only  half  awake) — So'd 
you! — Life. 


"Crop  Growing 
and  Crop  Feeding." 

By  Prof.  W.  f.  MASSEY. 

383  Pp.    Cloth,  St. 00;  Paper.  50c. 


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jt    THE    > 


SEABOARD 

AIR  LINE  RAILWAY 


CREAM  TO  BURN. 

Two  little  girls  were  engaged  in  an 
animated  discussion  as  to  the  merits 
of  their  respective   homes. 

"Well,  anyway,"  said  one  little 
maiden  in  a  triumphant  tone,  "you 
may    have   more    bedrooms   than    we 


OFFERS 
PROFITABLE 
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THE  MANUFACTURER, 
THE  STOCK  RAISER, 
THE  DAIRYMAN, 
THE  FRUIT  QROWER, 
-. ,m^  THE  TRUCKER. 

LABOR     IS     NOT     IN    VAIN. 


Would  a  country  where  work  can  be  carried  on  the  entire  year  and  where 
laige  profits  can  be  realized  interest  you? 

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Gen.  Industrial  Agt.,  Portsmouth,  Va.  Traftio  Mgr.       Gen.  Pass.  Agt.,  Portsmouth,  Va 


550 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


August 


THE   PLAN  WAS  SUCCESSFUL. 

Th<ire  are  many  ways  of  fixing  a  mis- 
demeanor upon  the  person  who  has 
committed  it.  It  is  commonly  thought 
that  lawyers,  and  not  clergymen,  are 
the  men  most  competent  tor  this  prac- 
tice, but  the  following  story  leaves  one 
feeling  that  the  honors  may  be  equal: 

"Last  Sunday."  said  the  clergyman 
to  his  congregation,  "some  one  put  a 
button  in  the  collection  basket.  I  won't 
mention  names;  I  will  merely  say  that 
only  one  individual  in  the  congregation 
could  have  done  so,  and  after  the  ser- 
vice I  shall  expect  the  same  member 
to  replace  the  button  with  a  coin." 

After  church  a  well-to-do  but  close- 
fisted  individual  sought  an  interview 
with  the  clergyman  in  the  vestry. 

"I er,"   he  began,  "must   apologize. 

sir,  for  the — er— button,  which,  I  can 
assure  you,  was  quite  an  accident.  I 
happened  to  have  the  button  in  my 
coat  pocket,  together  with  a  quarter, 
and  took  out  the  former  by  mistake. 
However,  sir.  here  is  the  quarter." 

"Thank  you."  said  the  clergyman, 
taking  the  quarter,  and  gravely  hand- 
ing him  the  button. 

"By  the  way,  sir,"  said  the  man,  "I 
cannot  understand  how  you  could  have 
known  that  it  was  I  who — er— commit- 
ted the — er— much-to-be-regretted   mis- 

"I  didn't  know."  replied  the  clergy- 
man. 


"Didn't  know!  But  you  said,  sir, 
that  only  one  individual  in  the  congre- 
gation could  have  done  it." 

"Just  so.  You  see,  sir,  it  is  scarcely 
possible  that  two  individuals  could 
have  put  one  button  in  the  basket;  is 
it,  not?"  asked  the  clergyman,  with  a 
bland  smile. 

It  was  so  much  easier  for  the  button 
contributor  to  say  "good-day"  than  to 
answer  this  puzzling  question  that  he 
made  his  bow  at  once. — Western  Chris- 
tian Advocate. 


SHORTAGE  IN  WOOL  PRODUCTION. 

The  following  from  the  American 
Wool  and  Cotton  Reporter  seems  to 
emphasize  the  value  of  opportunities 
at  the  present  time  for  engaging  in  the 
wool  and  sheep  biisiness  in  the  South: 

"There  will  be  an  appreciable  short- 
age *  «  *  The  decrease  is  caused 
by  the  extensive  winter  losses  on  the 
ranges  and  elsewhere,  due  to  the  se- 
vere storms  and  by  the  extended 
slaughtering  of  sheep  in  a  number  of 
sections  *  *  ■*  The  president  of 
the  Montana  Board  of  Sheep  Commis- 
sioners estimates  the  winter  losses  in 
that  State  at  1,500,000  head,  or  about 
10.000.000  pounds  (of  wool).  Wyo- 
ming's losses  are  placed  at  1,000,000 
head,  or  about  7.500,000  pounds  (of 
wool).  The  Utah  clip  may  be  3.000.- 
000  pounds  short  (indicating  a  loss 
of  about  400.000   head).     From    Wash- 


ington and  Idaho  there  are  reports  of 
losses  also."  I 

If  winter  storms  in  the  West,  after 
decimating  the  flocks  to  the  extent  of 
4,fiOO,000  sheep,  and  curtailing  the  wool 
productions  to  the  amount  of  35.000,- 
(lOO  pounds,  do  not  destroy  the  attrac- 
tions of  sheep  husbandry  in  the  colder 
sections  there  ought  to  be  no  trouble 
about  making  the  business  pay  in  the 
South,  where  these  serious  drawbacks 
do  not  exist. 

No  better  demonstrations  of  the  suc- 
cess of  this  business  throughout  the 
South  are  desired  than  those  which  are 
daily  being  brought  to  public  attention, 
but  the  number  of  such  examples 
should  he  vastly  increased. 


MARK  TWAIN'S  MEMORY. 
I  remember  the  day  I  was  born.  It 
was  bitter  cold.  I  came  into  the  world 
without  clothes.  I  was  astonished.  I 
spoke  of  it  to  my  parents.  They  had 
no  explanation  when  taken  so  sud- 
denly, except  the  old  excuse  that  it 
was  customary.  What  was  custom  to 
me  at  that  age?  All  you  care  then  is 
how  you  look.  I  never  felt  so  embar- 
rassed in  all  my  life. — Mark  Ticain. 


Meintion  the  Southern  Planter  when 
corresponding  with  advertisers. 


—  F      R    SALE  — 

Fine  young  Jack,  sure  foal  getter,  and  his  colts  are  good 
ones.     Will  be  priced  right  to  party  meaning  business. 
Address, 

WHITNEY   B.  DAVIE. 


WHITNEY  STOCK   FARM. 


RICHMOND.  V». 


—  FOR    SALE  — 

"Featherbone.  a  richly  coated  dark  bay  or  brown  colt, 
foaled  May  27,  1902.  Sired  by  Whalebone,  7872,  dam 
Alcyrene.  2:273,  trial.  2: 19 J,  by  Alcyone,  2:27;  second  dam 
Bessie  Oliver,  by  Kearsarge,  the  son  of  Volunteer  and 
famous  Clara,  dam  of  Dexter.  2:17J.  and  Dictator;  third 
dam  Jessie,  by  Volunteer,  and  back  of  tha't  the  golden  blood 
of  Mambrino  Chief.  This  colt  is  inbred  to  George  Wilkes, 
his  sire  and  dam  being  grandson  and  granddaughter,  re- 
spectively, of  that  world  famous  progenitor  of  race  horse 
quality  and  speed.  Alcyone  got  McKinney,  2:11J,  the  great 
sire  of  race  winners  that  sold  for  $25,000  in  1902,  and  nearly 
paid  for  himself  that  season  in  stud  fees.  This  colt  is 
high  class  individually,  and  partakes  of  the  beauty  of  form 
and  finish  so  often  seen  in  his  family.  Price,  $125.  which 
is  far  less  than  his  real  value.    Address 

W.  J    CARTER. 

p.  O.  BOX  929  -  RICHMOND.  VA. 


Pedigrees  traced  and  tabulated.     Catalogues  compiled  and 
circulars  prepared.     Special  attention  given  registration 
matters  pertaining  to  thoroughbreds  and  trotting  horses 

.   .   .  BY   .    .   . 

w.  J.  CARTER  (Broad  Rock), 

P.O.  Box  929  RICHMOND,  VA 

Representing  the  .... 

The  Times-Dispatch,  Richmond,  Va. 
SoLTHKHN  Pi.ANTER,  Richmond,  Va. 
Sports  of  the  Times,  New  York. 
Kentucky  Stock  Farm,  Lexington,  Ky. 
Breeder  and  Sportsman,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


WHALEBONE,  7872. 

Sired  by  Abdallah  Wilkes,  son  of  George  Wilkes,  2.22. 
dam  Maggie  O.,  by  .A.bdallah,  15,  sire  of  Goldsmith  Maid, 
2.14;  second  dam  Viley  Filly,  by  Pilot,  Jr.,  sire  of  dam  of 
Maud  S.,  2.083. 

Note. — Whalebone  is  a  richly  colored  bay  horse  of  fine 
size,  handsome  and  well  formed.  His  disposition  is  perfect. 
He  has  sired  Visitor,  2.26i,  and  other  winners. 

FEE,  $15,   with  usual   return  privilege. 
Address  W.   J.   CART*^  R, 

P.    O.    BOX    929,    RICHMOND,    VA. 


1J>03.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


551 


MEASURING  CORN. 
Two  cubic  feet  of  sound,  dry  corn  In 
the  ear  will  make  a  bushel  shelled. 
Then  to  det-rrmine  the  number  of 
bushels  in  the  crib,  multiply  the  length 
by  the  breadth,  and  the  product  by  the 
height  of  the  corn  in  the  corn  crib; 
divide  the  product  by  two.  and  the  re- 
sult will  be  the  number  of  bushels  of 
shelled  corn  in  the  crib.  To  measure 
corn  in  the  husk,  fill  a  barrel  full — the 
larger  the  barrel  the  better  (say  one 
that  would  hold  four  bushels  of  ap- 
ples). Husk  the  corn  and  weigh  it. 
Allow  70  pounds  of  corn  in  the  ear 
when  it  is  dry.  for  fe  bushel  of  shelled 
corn.  Then  the  unhusked  corn  may  be 
measured  in  the  barrel,  keeping  tally 
of  the  barrels;  multiply  the  number  of 
barrels  by  the  amount  of  corn  which 
the  first  barrel  contained.  We  know 
of  no  accurate  rule  for  determining  the 
number  of  cubic  feet  necessary  to  con- 
tain a  bushel  of  corn  with  husks  on. 
Of  course  you  could  determine  the 
number  of  cubic  feet  in  the  barrel,  or 
you  could  use  a  box  of  a  given  number 
of  cubic  feet,  fill  it  with  unhusked  corn, 
husk  it.  and  divide  by  70  to  get  the 
number  of  bushels  of  shelled  corn. 
You  would  then  have  a  unit  for  deter- 
mining in  the  crib  the  number  of 
bushels   of   shelled    corn.     This    might 


be    quite    as    accurate    as    the    other 
method. 

PERHAPS. 
Bishop  Potter  is  amusing  his  friends 
with  an  account  of  a  recent  visit  he 
paid  to  a  Sunday  school  class  in  New 
York,  presided  over  by  a  staid  young 
clergyman.  The  Bishop  was  asked  to 
question  the  children,  so  that  he  might 
be  edified  by  their  knowledge  of  mat- 
ters Biblical.  As  a  starter,  he  said  to 
a  little  girl  whose  face  beamed  with  in- 
telligence: "Who  were  the  foolish  vir- 
gins, my  dear?"  "Them  as  didn't  get 
married!"  was  the  prompt  and  em- 
phatic answer. 


Education's  a  good  deal  like  eating — 
a  fellow  can't  always  tell  which  par- 
ticular thing  did  him  good,  but  he  can 
usually  tell  which  one  did  him  harm. 
After  a  square  meal  of  roast  beef  and 
vegetables,  and  mince  pie  and  water- 
melons, you  can't  say  just  which  in- 
gredient is  going  into  muscle,  but  you 
don't  have  to  be  very  bright  to  figure 
out  which  one  started  the  demand  for 
pain-killer  in  your  insides,  or  to  guess 
next  morning  which  one  made  you  be- 
lieve in  a  personal  devil  the  night  be- 
fore. And  so,  while  a  fellow  can  i 
figure  out  to  an  ounce  whether  it's 
Latin   or   algebra   or   history   or   what 


among  the  solids  that  is  building  him 
up  in  this  place  or  that,  he  can  go  right 
along  feeding  them  in  and  betting  that 
they're  not  the  things  that  turn  his 
tongue  fuzzy.  It's  down  among  the 
sweets,  among  his  amusements  and 
recreations,  that  he's  going  to  find  his 
stomach  ache,  and  it's  there  that  he 
wants  to  go  slow  and  to  pick  and 
choose. 


A  solid  ton  of  ice  contains  about  36 
cubic  feet.  Multiply  together  the 
length,  breadth  and  height  of  your  ice 
house  in  feet  (allowing  for  space  occu- 
pied by  sawdust),  and  divide  the  pro- 
duct by  36,  and  the  result  will  be  the 
number  of  tons  capacity.  Allowance 
for  ice  in  bull;  would  be  very  variable, 
depending  on  the  accuracy  with  which 
it  is  cut  and  piled.  If  it  could  be 
weighed  beforehand  in  loads,  like  hay, 
a  more  exact  result  would  be  reached, 
but  with  some  trouble.  A  leading  ice 
company  estimates  a  cubic  foot  of  ice 
to  weigh  56  pounds,  providing  it  is  all 
water  ice.  After  the  house  is  filled 
they  measure  up,  and  allow  45  cubic 
feet  to  the  ton.  Their  ice  is  cut  22  by 
32  inches,  and  a  space  of  four  inches  is 
left  on  the  long  way.  Shrinkage  in  the 
course  of  the  season  average  50  per 
cent.  In  a  small  house  it  might  be  60 
per  cent. 


Established    by 
GEO.  WATT,  1840 

MANUF'tC-rURER   AND    DEALER 


THE  CALL-WATT  CO.,  r.:rM^''„,jr 

Implements,  Machinery  and  Vehicles. 


THE  GEM   BALING  PRESS. 
BUILT  ALMOST  ENTIRELY 
.       OF  STEEL. 


THE  SIMPLEST,  STRONG- 
EST, LIGHTEST  AND  MOST 
RAPID  BALER  MADE. 


Has  a  record  of  baling  10  to  18  tons 
per  day. 


THE  DBERE  AND  PITTS  DISC  HAR- 
ROWS, STEEL  SHANKS,  DUST 
PROOF  BEARING  BOXES,  FLEX- 
IBLE GANGS,  allowing  inner  ends 
to  rise  and  fall  independently. 


ALL  STEEL  LEVER  HARROWS. 
Made  up  of  sections  of  25  teeth  each, 
with  Disc  or  Hoes.     For  Grain,  Corn, 


Peas    and    Fertilizers,    accurate    work 


GRAIN  AND  FERTILIZER  DRILLS, 

may  be  depended  on. 
THE     GARDNER     PEA     HULLER. 
THE  IMPERIAL  ONE-HORSE  WAGONS. 

anteed. 
THE  MOLINE  WAGON.     Light  Running    and   Durable.     Guaranteed 

Handsomely  finished,  and  have  features  not  found  in  any  other. 
PLOWS  AND  PLOW  REPAIRS  of  all   kinds. 
FIELD  ROLLERS.  FEED  AND  ENSILAGE  CUTTERS,  CORN  SHELLERS,  ENGINES,  SAW  MILLS,  CORN  AND 

COB  MILLS. 
We  solicit  inquires  for  anything  desired. 

13  So.  Fifteenth    Street, 
Between  Main  and  Cary 


Does  not  Weak  peas  and  will  not  choke.     Guaranteed  to  give  satisfaction. 

Steel  Axle  and  Thimble  Skein.     Built  of  best  material  and  fully  guar- 


be  made   of  first   class  air   dried   timber. 


RICHMOND,  VA.    THE  CALL=WATT  CO. 


552  THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER.  [August 


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DEVOTED  TO 


PRACTICAL  AND   PROGRESSIVE  AGRICULTURE,   HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING,   LIVE  STOCK  AND    THE    FIRESIDE. 


Agriculture  Is  the  nursing  mother  of  the  Art8.-=XENOPHON. 
Tillage  and  pasturage  are  the  two  breasts  of  the  3tate.°-SULLY. 


64th  Year. 


Richmond,  September,  1903. 


No.  9. 


Farm  Management. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH. 

The  month  of  August  up  to  this  time  (20th)  has 
been  tlirouglioiit  tlie  South  below  the  noi-mal  in  tem- 
perature, and  showery.  This  continuance  of  abuor- 
mally^eop]  weather  has  prevented  the  crops  making 
that  headway  which  they  so  much  needed  to  bring 
them  to  a  normal  condition,  and,  as  a  consequence, 
they  are  all  late,  and  much  depends  on  the  weatlier 
during  this  month  as  to  whether  large  areas  will  fully 
mature  before  frost.  This  condition  applies  to  the 
whole  country,  and  affects  other  sections  more  seriously 
than  the  South.  Here,  whilst  the  whole  growing  sea- 
sou  has  l>een  cool,  it  has  not  been  too  cool  for  crops 
to  grow,  though  not  with  their  accustomed  vigor 
Grass  and  pasture  lands  have  done  the  best,  and  their 
condition  is  in  marked  contrast  with  what  is  usual  nt 
this  season.  There  is  abimdant  feed  for  all  stock, 
and  thev  should  go  into  winter  in  fine  condition. 


As  predicted  in  our  notes  last  month,  the  winter 
wheat  harvest  is  turning  out  distinctly  imfavorably. 
The  jverage  yield  per  acre  is  now  placed  by  the  Gov- 
ernm(?nt  returns  at  12  bushels  per  acre,  as  against  13 
last  rear,  with  a  total  crop  of  4-10,000,000  bushels. 
The  prospect  of  the  spring  wheat  crop  is  also  disap- 
poinjing,  the  condition  being  on  August  1st,  77,  as 
agaiist  89  on  August  1,  1902,  and  a  ten  year  average 
of  SL  The  total  wheat  crop  of  the  coimtry  will  un- 
doubedly  be  much  below  that  of  last  year,  and  as 
prosjects  in  Europe  are  not  much  better  than  our 
own. [the  indications  are  that  wheat  will  be  in  demand 
at  b^ter  prices  than  now  prevail,  though  these  are 


now  on  the  average  alxmt  10  cents  a  bushel  higher 
than  a  vear  ago. 


The  average  condition  of  the  corn  crop  on  August 
1st  was  78,  as  against  86  on  Aiigrist  1,  1002,  and  a 
ten  years'  average  of  84.  The  only  section  of  the 
country  where  there  is  promise  of  something  near  an 
a\-erage  yield  of  this  crop  is  the  South.  Here  our 
highland  crops  are  distinctly  promising — in  fact, 
much  above  the  average.  Lowland  crops,  however, 
are  disappointing.  The  laud  has  been  too  wet  ever 
since  spring,  and  the  stands  are  uneven  and  the  crops 
badly  worked.  Tt  is  comforting,  however,  to  know 
that  the  average  condition  and  prospect  is  better  than 
elsewhere.  Should  we  have  a  late  fall  much  even  of 
the  late  jilanted  crop  bids  fair  to  make  a  good  yield. 


The  oat  croj)  of  the  country  is  a  disappointing  one, 
and  will  be  much  lielow  that  of  a  vear  ago. 


Tobacco  has  made  better  progress  than  the  cool 
weather  would  have  led  one  to  expect,  and  bids  fair 
to  make  a  m\ich  better  yield  than  at  one  time  seemed 
possible.  The  quality,  however,  does  not  appear 
lilcely  to  be  of  the  highest.  The  bright  cro))  is  now 
being  cut  and  cured  in  ISTorth  Carolina  and  the  south- 
ern parts  of  this  State,  and  the  dark  crop  onh'  needs 
warm  weather  to  make  it  mature  and  ripen. 


Cotton  is  still  very  late,  the  weather  never  having 
been  such  as  to  permit  of  it  making  up  for  the  time 
lost  in  the  spring.  It  will  altogether  depend  npon 
the  lateness  of  the  fall  as  to  what  the  outcome  of  the 


554 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLANTER. 


[September 


crop  will  be.  Picking  has  conimeiiced  in  the  Gulf 
States,  and  somewhat  further  north,  but  is  nowhere, 
except  in  the  extreme  South,  general.  There  is  com- 
plaint from  many  places  of  injury  to  the  crop  by  cold, 
rain  and  weevil. 

The  peanut  crop  does  not  promise  to  be  an  average 
one,  as  the  continued  wetness  of  the  land  has  pre- 
vented weeds  and  grass  from  being  kept  down  in 
manv  sections,  and  these  are  smothering  the  plants. 

The  apple  crop  of  Virginia  still  continues  de- 
cidedly promising,  and  is  likely  to  be  one  of  the 
largest  ever  harvested  in  the  State.  In  other  States 
the  condition  is  not  so  high  as  here,  though  the  aver- 
age for  the  whole  country  is  a  fair  one.  There  ap- 
pears likely  to  be  a  large  crop  for  shipment,  but  the 
demand  is  likely  to  be  great,  as  the  fruit  crop  in 
England  is  practically  a  failure,  and  on  the  Continent 
(European")  the  crop  is  not  large. 


in  the  top  soil  and  there  freezing  and  then  blowing 
out  the  soil  when  the  thaw  comes.  Let  the  seed  be 
well  covered.  They  are  better  drilled  three  or  four 
inches  deep  than  sown  broadcast,  but  if  sown 
should  be  well  harrowed  or  ciiltivated  in.  As 
the  oat  is  a  cold  climate  crop  seed  from  a 
locality  further  north  is  likely  to  give  a  better 
vield  than  from  the  immediate  locality  or  from  south- 
ern Doints.  Whilst  the  average  yield  of  the  crop  here 
is  onlv  about  twenty  bushels  to  the  acre,  there  is  no 
reason  whatever  why  three  times  that  yield  should 
not  be  made.  We  know  many  who  are  doing  this. 
If  intended  only  to  be  used  for  a  hay  crop,  which  is 
lar£jely  the  purpose  for  which  oats  are  grown  in  the 
South,  it  will  pay  to  make  the  crop  a  heavier  one,  as 
the  feed  produced  is  so  valuable  as  fodder.  We  were 
s]ioak!iig  with  a  subscriber  a  few  weeks  ago  on  the 
subject  of  feeds  for  milk  production,  and  he  said 
that  his  experience  was  that  he  got  better  results  from 
feeding  sheaf  oats  than  from  even  cow  pea  hay. 


The  preparation  of  the  land  for  and  the  seeding  of 
winter  oats  should  receive  immediate  attention.  As 
the  result  of  many  experiments  made  in  different  sec- 
tions of  the  South,  it  has  been  fully  demonstrated  that 
if  winter  oats  are  to  do  their  best  they  should  be 
seeded  in  September,  and  preferably  in  the  first  half 
of  the  month.  We  would  again  emphasize  what  we 
said  in  our  last  month's  issue  as  to  the  preparation 
of  the  seed  bed.  The  deeper  and  better  worked  the 
seed  bed,  the  greater  the  probability  of  a  good  yield. 
Ifore  depends  on  this  than  on  the  fertilizer  used  or 
the  quantity  applied.  If  the  land  is  well  prepared, 
oats  will  find  and  utilize  the  plant  food  in  it.  They 
have  a  capacity  tx3  seize  and  appropriate  plant  food 
in  a  tougher  and  more  unavailable  condition  than  any 
of  the  other  cereals.  This  arises  from  tlieir  pro- 
ducing an  acid  in  their  growth  which  has  a  powerful 
solvent  effect  on  the  plant  food  of  the  soil.  Because 
of  this  fact,  however,  they  should  not,  as  is  loo  often 
the  case,  be  expected  to  produce  a  profitable  yield  on 
the  poorest  land  on  the  farm.  They  will  do  better 
there  than  any  other  cereal,  but  they  will  do  still 
better  on  better  land,  and  will  pay  to  have  some  fer- 
tilizer or  farm-yard  manure  given  them.  Nothing 
helps  the  crop  more  and  protects  it  better  from  winter 
killing  than  a  top  dressing  of  farm-yard  manure,  even 
though  this  should  be  only  light.  Where  the  land  is 
pool-;  300  pounds  of  acid  phosphate  per  acre  should  be 
a))plied  before  seeding.  The  deeper  the  soil  is  broken, 
so  that  the  winter  rains  can  soak  into  it,  and  the 
greater  the  chance  of  avoiding  winter  killing  from 
frost.  This  is  mainly  caused  by  the  water  being  held 


Let  the  work  of  preparing  the  land  for  the  wheat 
crop  have  attention.  The  sooner  it  is  plowed  and  the 
work  of  cultivation  begins  the  better  will  be  the 
chance  for  a  good  yield  of  grain.  The  average  yield 
of  the  ^\■heat  crop  in  the  South  is  not  what  it  ought  to 
be  by  a  long  way.  The  yield  this  year  in  this  State 
and  North  and  South  Carolina  is  estimated  at  only 
about  five  bushels  to  the  acre,  whilst  the  average  over 
a  series  of  years  is  short  of  twelve  bushels.  Such 
yields  as  these  cannot  be  grown  profitably,  and  that 
they  are  not  what  ought  to  be  made  and  can  be  made 
is  certainly  true.  We  know  farmers  who  make,  over 
a  series  of  years,  an  average  of  25  bushels  to  the  acre, 
and  many  who  make  in  a  good  year  35  or  40  bushels 
to  the  acre.  The  secret  of  these  yields  is  not  so  much 
extra  fertilizing  or  naturally  very  fertile  land,  but 
good  and  perfect  preparation  of  the  soil  before  seed- 
ing and  seeding  as  early  as  is  safe  to  avoid  the  fly. 
It  should  alv.'ays  be  remembered  that  the  wheal  crop 
must  be  cultivated  before  it  is  seeded.  In  this  re- 
spect it  differs  from  the  corn  and  other  hoed  crops. 
The  most  that  can  be  done  to  help  it  forward  after  it 
has  started  to  grow  is  to  give  it  a  harrowing  in  the 
spring,  and  even  this  is  too  often  neglected.  Hence 
the  great  importance  of  thoroughly  plowing  and  vork- 
ing  the  land  before  seeding.  A  wheat  seed  bed  siould 
be  firm  in  the  subsurface,  but  still  open  enough  to 
permit  of  the  absorption  of  rain  water  and  of  the 
rising  of  the  subsoil  water,  and  with  the  surf  ace  three 
inches,  fine  and  loose.  Frequent  use  of  the  hirrow 
and  roller  or  plank  drag  will  secure  these  condtions 
after  the  soil  is  once  thoroughly  and  deeply  pLwed. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


555 


This  will  also  ensure  that  the  weed  seeds  in  the  soil 
shall  have  been  destroyed  by  germinating  and  killing. 
Weeds  and  wheat  never  succeed  well  together.  Let 
wheat  alone  occupy  the  land,  it  will  easily  utilize  all 
the  plant  food  and  moisture  without  any  help  from 
a  weed  crop.  A  dressing  of  lime  of  from  25  to  50 
bushels  to  the  acre  applied  after  the  land  is  plowed 
and  worked  in  during  cultivation  will  be  found  a 
great  help  in  producing  the  crop  by  rendering  avail- 
able the  inert  plant  food,  and  especially  the  potash 
in  the  soil.  Whilst  wheat  calls  for  all  the  elements 
of  plant  food  in  order  to  make  successful  growth,  yet 
experiment  have  demonstrated  that  phosphoric  acid 
is  the  controlling  element,  and  it  is  therefore  required 
in  an  available  condition,  and  in  abundance.  A  crop 
of  30  bushels  to  the  acre,  with  the  average  weight  of 
straw,  calls  for  about  50  povmds  of  nitrogen,  25 
pounds  of  phosphoric  acid,  and  25  pounds  of  potash. 
As  crops  rarely  are  able  to  utilize  more  than  from  50 
to  75  per  cent,  of  the  available  plant  food  applied  in 
a  fertilizer,  it  will  be  seen  how  necessary  it  is  if  the 
best  results  are  to  be  looked  for  to  supply  plant  food 
liberally,  unless  the  soil  is  already  rich.  Where  a 
pea  fallow  or  clover  sod  is  turned  do-wm,  these  will 
supply  nearly  all  the  nitrogen  needed,  but  the  other 
elements  must  be  supplied  or  be  made  available,  if  in 
the  land,  by  the  use  of  lime.  Tn  all  heavy  clay  or 
loam  lands  in  the  South  potash  is  generally  in  abun- 
dance for  the  needs  of  the  wheat  crop,  but  needs  to  be 
made  available  by  lime.  Phosphoric  acid,  however, 
must  be  supplied,  and  this  can  best  be  done  by  a  mix- 
ture of  acid  phosphate  and  raw  bone  meal,  say  200 
pounds  of  acid  phosphate  and  150  pounds  of  raw 
bone  meal  to  the  acre.  Wliere  a  pea  fallow  or  clover 
sod  is  not  turned  down,  then  nitrogen  should  be  sup- 
plied, and  this  can  be  best  be  done  by  supplementing 
that  contained  in  the  raw  bone,  with  a  top  dressing  of 
nitrate  of  soda  in  the  spring  after  the  crop  has  com- 
menced to  grow  freely.  Experiments  have  demon- 
strated that  wheat  accumulates  most  of  the  plant  food 
needed  for  its  suceessfiil  growth  during  its  early 
gi'owth,  and  then  Titilizes  this  accumulated  store  dur- 
ing its  later  growth  to  perfect  the  ears  and  grain. 
This  fact  emphasizes  the  importance  of  having  the 
seed  bed  in  su.ch  a  -fine  condition  that  the  roots  can  lay 
bold  of  the  plant  food  quickly  when  they  first  start  to 
grow.  If  a  pea  fallow  or  clover  sod  is  turned  down 
this  should  be  done  very  early,  or  the  seed  bed  can 
never  be  got  firm  enough  in  the  subsurface  to  ensure 
the  best  results.  Wherever  the  pea  crop  is  a  heavy 
one,  we  would  advise  cutting  it  for  hay,  leaving  a  long 
stubble  rather  than  turning  it  all  under  as  a  prepara- 
tion for  wheat.     Tn  experiments  made  at  the  Arkan- 


=as  Station,  where  cow  peas,  soy  beans  and  beggar- 
weed  were  sown  on  light  land,  the  yield  of  the  fol- 
lowing wheat  crop  was  increased  56  per  cent.  The 
plowing  down  of  the  stubble  of  these  crops  gave  better 
results  than  when  the  whole  crop  was  plowed  down 
immediately  before  sowing  the  wheat.  Wheat  grown 
continuously  on  the  same  land  for  three  years,  and 
each  ci'op  preceded  by  a  crop  of  cow  peas,  gave  an  in- 
creased yield  of  4<3  per  cent.,  as  compared  with  break- 
ing the  wheat  stubble  and  not  sowing  cow  peas. 
Wheat  sown  on  a  cow  pea  stubble  and  fertilized  with 
400  pounds  of  a  complete  fertilizer,  gave  an  increased 
yield  of  64  and  78  per  cent,  second  year  over  soil 
treated  in  the  usual  way.  The  seeding  of  the  crop 
should  not  commence  until  after  there  has  been  frost 
to  obviate  damage  from  fly.  Meanwhile,  put  in  all 
the  time  that  can  be  spared  from  other  work  in  mak- 
ing a  good  seed  bed.  As  to  the  variety  to  be  sowm. 
This  is  usually  best  settled  by  selecting  a  variety  that 
has  become  acclimated  to  the  section,  and  given  good 
results  there.  Of  course,  it  is  desirable  to  test  new 
varieties  of  which  good  reports  come  from  near  by 
States  and  sections,  but  this  should  be  done  in  a  small 
and  experimental  way  until  it  is  seen  what  variety  so 
tested  is  likely  to  be  satisfactory.  The  result  of  te.st- 
'ings  at  numerous  stations  go  to  show  that  there  is 
practically  no  difference  in  the  yield  of  bearded  or 
smooth  wheats.  In  some  sections  one  does  best;  in 
others,  the  other.  What  is  of  more  importance  than 
the  variety  is  that  the  seed  sown  shall  be  plump,  heavy 
grain,  and  free  from  blighted,  shrivelled  or  small 
grains,  and  from  all  weed  seeds.  It  will  almost  in- 
variably pay  to  reclean  all  seed  grain.  Soaking  the 
seed  in  a  solution  of  formalin,  1  pound  to  25  gallons 
of  water,  will  destroy  all  smut  germs  in  either  wheat 
or  oats.  Soak  for  twenty  minutes,  then  dry  before 
sowing.  From  one  to  one  and  one-half  bushels  of 
seed  per  acre  is  usually  sufficient.  This  depends 
lareelv  on  the  fertilitv  of  the  land. 


All  grass  seeding  not  already  done  should  receive 
attention  and  be  completed  as  early  this  month  as  pos- 
sible. In  our  last  issue  and  in  this  will  be  found 
articles  dealing  with  the  subject  to  which  we  refer  our 
readers. 


Continue  the  work  of  seeding  crimson  clover  and 
hairy  vetch,  as  advised  in  our  August  issue.  The 
more  land  that  can  be  put  into  these  crops  the  greater 
the  area  that  will  be  improved  for  other  crops  next 
year.  Seed  always  with  a  mixture  of  wheat,  oats  or 
rye,  and  more  or  less  pasture  will  be  secured  in  winter 
and  spring,  besides  the  improvement  of  the  land. 


556 


THE  SOUTHEUX  PLAXTKR. 


[September 


An  abundance  of  these  crops  to  graze  or  cut  in  the 
spring  will  help  materially  in  reducing  the  cost  of 
carrying  stock  at  a  tinle•^vhen  dry  feed  often  becomes 
scarce. 


Rape  may  yet  he  seeded  for  fall  and  spring  feed- 
ing. Sow  3  or  4  ])ounds  of  seed  per  acre  broadcast, 
or  2  to  3  pounds  iii  drills  two  feet  apart.  This  makes 
an  excellent  pasture  for  hogs,  sheep  and  young  cattle. 
Tt  should  be  allowed  to  grow  up  a  foot  high  before 
turning  stock  on  to  it,  and  not  be  grazed  too  closely, 
and  will  then  start  out  again  and  make  good  grazing 
in  the  sjiring. 

Turnips  may  still  be  sowed,  though  it  is  getting 
too  late  for  them  now  to  make  a  heayy  croj).  They 
will,  howpyer,  make  some  feed,  and  will  coyer  the 
land.  Tn  our  August  issue  will  be  found  full  instruc- 
tion on  this  crop. 


The  work  of  haryesting  and  saying  the  yarious 
forage  crops  should  receiye  attention  as  they  mature. 
Do  not  allow  them  to  stand  too  long  and  mature  their 
seed.  They  make  the  best  feed  when  cut  in  bloom  <>r 
when  the  seed  is  just  forming.  Cow  peas  should  be 
cut  when  the  first  pods  are  filled  and  turning  yellow. 
Of  cour.se,  if  seed  is  the  object,  and  not  long  feed, 
then  they  must  stand  until  it  is  sufficiently  matured 
to  cure  without  shriyelling.  Tn  our  August  issue  we 
wrote  fully  on  this  subject. 


The  work  of  filling  the  silo  should  be  attended  to. 
.\s  soon  as  the  ears  arc  well  filled  and  passing  out  of 
the  milk  state  the  crop  should  be  cut  and  packed 
away.  Cut  into  ^-inch  lengths,  or,  better  still,  shred 
the  stalks  and  much  waste  will  be  sayed.  When  fill- 
ing do  not  be  in  too  great  a  hurry.  Cut  during  the 
morning  and  fill  into  the  silo  in  the  afternoon,  or  cut 
one  day  and  fill  the  next.  This  allows  the  silage  to 
compact  hotter  and  get  up  the  necessary  heat  to  ensure 
good,  sweet  silage.  The  silo  will  also  hold  more  filled 
in  this  way  than  when  the  work  is  rushed  all  the 
time. 


When  the  teams  are  not  otherwise  engaged  keep 
them  at  work  plowing  land  intended  to  be  cropped 
next  year.  This  is  the  time  of  the  year  when  land 
may  be  ploughed  deej)  and  some  of  the  subsoil  be 
brought  to  the  surface.  This  will  be  weathered  dur- 
ing the  winter  months,  and  its  plant  food  brought 
into  an  ayailable  condition  for  sujiporting  and  feed- 
ing crops. 


Haye  all  stables,  sheds  and  jiens  cleaned  out,  and 
•live  all  buildings  a  good  cleaning  inside  and  out,  and 
use  lime  wash  freely  inside  and  out,  thus  get  rid  of  all 
yermin  and  foul  smells.  Lime  wash  is  a  powerful 
cleanser  and  purifier,  and  it  is  so  cheap  that  every  one 
can  afford  to  use  it  freely.  In  this  issue  we  publish 
acain  the  rccei])t  for  making  Government  whitewash, 
which  is  almost  as  durable  as  paint,  and  will  preserve 
the  buildings  to  which  it  is  apjilied.  If  we  could 
only  ])ersuade  Southern  farmers  to  apply  some  paint 
to  their  houses  and  whitewash  to  their  buildings  they 
would  add  thousands  of  dollars  to  the  value  of  their 
places  in  the  eyes  of  purchasers,  besides  saving  them 
from  rot  and  decay.  Before  ])ainting  or  -whitewash- 
ing make  necessary  repairs.  A  few  dollars  spent  in 
lumber  and  nails  and  a  few  hours  labor  will  save  hun- 
di-eds  of  dollar-:,  and  add  to  the  comfort  of  man  and 
beast.  IMake  home  attractive  and  the  children  will 
not  want  to  leave  it. 


FARM-YARD   MANURE, 


^lost  farmers  think  that  unless  they  are  able  to 
])ut  a  heavy  dressing  of  farm-yard  manure  on  to 
land  that  it  is  of  little  use,  and  because  they  are  not 
able  to  do  this  on  a  large  part  of  the  farm,  that  the 
quantity  of  farm-yard  manure  made  on  the  ordinary 
farm  is  ])ractically  of  little  help  in  maintaining  the 
fertility  of  the  farm.  This,  as  we  have  several  times 
jiointed  out,  is  an  entirely  erroneous  view.  The 
value  of  farm-yard  manure  as  a  promoter  of  fer- 
tility does  not  lie  wholly  in  the  amount  of  nitrogen, 
phosphoric  acid  and  potash  Avhich  is  contained  in 
it,  nor  even  in  the  humus-making  material  that  is 
]iresent  in  the  form  of  vegetable  matter.  Whilst  these 
are  each  and  all  of  them  valuable  factors  in  the 
manure,  there  is  one  other  factor  which  probably  i^ 
equally  as  valuable  as  the  whole  of  the  others  com- 
bined, and  which  is  usually  entirely  oA-erlooked. 
This  factor  is  the  power  possessed  by  even  a  small 
quantity  of  farm-yard  manure  to  introduce  into  the 
land  to  \vhich  it  is  applied  the  microbes  which  set 
uj)  the  fermentative  action  of  the  soil  and  give  ti' 
it  the  character  of  a  live  soil  as  distinguished  from 
one  in  which  this  action  is  absent  and  which  is 
practically  dead  and  unresponsive  to  c\iltivation  or 
the  application  of  plant  food  in  the  form  of  mineral 
fertilizers.  Every  one  who  has  been  observant  will 
have  noticed  that  a  piece  of  land  to  which  even  only 
a  very  slight  coating  of  farm-yard  manure  has  been 
applied  will  show  the  effect  for  a  number  of  years 
nnicli  longer  than  would  a  similar  piece  of  land  to 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


557 


which  a  iimeh  larger  application  of  plant  food  in 
the  form  of  commercial  fertilizer  had  been  applied. 
This  is  the  resnlt  of  the  microbic  action  in  the  soil. 
induced  by  the  farm-yard  mannre,  and  not  of  the 
plant  food  in  the  mannre.  These  microbes  dissolve 
and  make  available  the  inert  plant  food  in  the  soil 
and  this  the  vegetation  on  the  land  appropriates  and 
tlms  grows  with  greater  luxuriance.  Tf  you  have 
only  manure  suflieient  to  give  a  light  coating  use 
it.  It  will  often  give  a  greater  proportionate  imme- 
diate return  in  the  crop  than  will  a  heavy  dressing. 
Of  course,  the  time  during  which  this  return  will 
continue  will  be  less  than  would  be  that  given  by  a 
heavier  dressing,  but  the  improvement  in  the  lam! 
will  be  started  earlier  than  if  it  waited  for  the 
heavier  aplication.  and  this  is  what  we  most  need 
in  the  South.  To  start  the  ball  to  rolling  is  often 
the  most  difficult  part  of  the  problem  of  improve- 
ment. Save  and  utilize  every  bit  of  manure.  It  is 
the  true  foundation  of  agricultural  advancement  to 
be  supplemented  with  the  mineral  fertilizers,  phos- 
phoric acid  and  potash  wherever  possible.  Keep  a 
bag  of  acid  phosphate  in  the  barn  and  whenever  you 
clean  out  the  stables  spread  a  light  coating  of  this 
on  the  manure  heap.  It  will  prevent  over-heatina-  of 
the  pile  and  consequent  loss  of  nitrogen,  and  will 
add  to  the  value  of  the  manure  by  supplying  the 
deficiency  of  phosphoric  acid,  characteristic  of  farm; 
yard  manure.  Kamit  may  be  used  in  like  manner 
to  supply  the  deficiency  in  potash  and  preserve  the 
manure  from  loss. 


GRASS  SEEDING. 

In  our  last  issue  we  wrote  somewhat  fully  on  this 
subject,  emphasizing  the  importance  of  seeding  grass 
alone  if  the  best  results  were  to  be  looked  for.  ^Ye 
have  received  the  following  letter  from  a  subscribe)' 
commenting  on  this  article  and  our  advice : 
Editor  S'oiifhrrn  Planter: 

As  you  truly  say  in  your  Augiist  Plaxter.  you 
urge  in  season  and  out  of  season,  the  sowing  of  grass, 
and,  furthermore,  the  sowing  of  grass  without  small 
grain.  Of  grass,  there  cannot  be  too  much  on  a 
farm.  As  to  the  manner  of  getting  it,  permit  me  to 
give  you  our  experience  in  following  your  advice: 

We  have  ffdlowed  it  twice.  This  year  we  took  the 
best  land  on  the  farm,  prepared  it  very  carefully, 
and  sowed  it  heavily  with  a  mixture  of  grasses.  The 
weeds  came  up  in  such  abundance  that  we  have  had 
to  cut  them  down  and  the  grass  is  quite  spindling. 
On  adjoining  land,  not  quite  so  good,  prepared  in 
exactly  the  same  manner,  but  sowed  to  spring  oats 


and  grass,  the  grass  is  now  considerably  better  than 
wliere  the  grass  was  sown  alone ;  besides  which,  we 
have  cut  a  fair  lot  of  oats  off  the  land — the  weeds 
bothered  us  practically  not  at  all. 

As  I  have  said,  this  is  our  second  experience.  It 
seems  to  me  that  one  fatal  objection  to  sowing  grass 
alone — for  the  average  farmer — is  that  it  makes  one 
extra  ploughing.  With  the  regular  rotation — which, 
after  trying  all  the  book  methods,  we  have  come  back 
to  as  far  the  best — one  ploughing  does  for  corn,  oats 
or  wlicat  and  two  crops  of  grass.  On  paper  it  is  a 
mighty  simple  thing  to  ploiigh  the  ground  one  extra 
time,  but  in  economical  farming  it  is  a  very  diiTerent 
matter. 

All  the  best  farmers  in  Albemarle  that  I  know  put 
their  grass  in  with  small  grain.  I  hare  tried  the 
Pi.AXTKE  method,  but  T  shall  not  try  it  again. 

Kexxetu  Beown. 

August  4,  100.3. 

This  seems  to  call  upon  us  to  vindicate  the  posi- 
tion we  take  on  this  subject  of  grass  seeding,  which 
is  one  of  the  most  vitally  important  for  all  farmers 
in  the  South.  .  On  our  progress  as  a  grass-growing 
section  of  the  country  mainly  depends  our  future 
prosperity.  We  entirely  concur  in  the  following 
statement,  made  recently  by  a  well-known  writer  and 
practical  farmer: 

"A  study  of  the  needs  of  soils  in  respect  to  fer- 
tility shows  that  heavy  sods  rotting  in  the  gi-ound  are 
the  factor  most  to  be  desired.  In  various  ways  they 
secure  to  the  land  the  power  to  produce  well  when 
cropped.  No  one  matter  in  American  agriculture 
is  of  greater  importance  than  improvement  in  the 
groAvth  of  grass  and  clover  sods,  and  if  the  needed 
gain  in  this  direction  were  secui'ed  our  agricultural 
prosperity  would  not  only  be  far  greater,  but  it 
would  be  on  a  safer  basis.  Much  land  is  drawing 
chieily  upon  its  stock  of  available  fertility  that  has 
been  accumulated  for  centiiries.  and  much  other  land 
has  already  passed  the  point  of  profitable  cropping. 
The  ability  to  provide  for  itself  a  heavy  sod  is  the 
true  measure  of  value  for  the  major  part  of  our  farm- 
ing area.  Consideration  of  the  best  methods  of  get- 
ting such  growth  is  the  most  important  matter  before 
the  farming  public,  because  it  vitally  affects  more 
people  and  more  land  than  any  other  matter.  Many 
who  are  really  the  most  concerned  do  not  realize  the 
truth,  the  evidence  being  found  in  the  carelessness 
shown  in  new  seedings  and  in  their  absence,  and  in 
the  increasing  inability  of  much  land  to  produce 
surely  and  well  because  the  humxis  is  exhausted." 

At  the  outset  let  us  say  that  our  advice  to  som' 
grass  alone  is  based  largely  on  our  own  personal 
experience  in  the  matter.  We  have  fully  tested  many 
times  all  the  different  wavs  of  seeding  grass,  and  un- 


558 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLANTER. 


[September 


hesitatingly  say  that  the  finest  stands  we  have  ever 
made  and  the  best  crops  we  ever  grew  were  from 
grass  seeded  alone.  We  are,  however,  not  singular  in 
this  respect,  for  we  have  the  support  of  many  of  the 
leading  experimenters  of  this  and  other  countries  as 
to  this  method  of  seeding.  At  the  Wisconsin  Experi- 
ment Station  and  also  at  the  Xew  .Terse}'  Station  tho 
results  reached  were  conclusively  in  favor  of  seed- 
ing grass  alone.  Probably,  however,  the  most  con- 
clusive testimony  we  can  give  in  our  support  will 
be  that  of  Mr.  Clark,  of  Higganum,  Conn.,  the  most 
successful  grass  and  hay  producer  in  this,  and  proba- 
bly any  other,  country.  For  many  years  he  has  car- 
ried on  a  series  of  experiments  to  demonstrate  the 
possibility  of  producing  heavy  yields  of  hay  on  a 
piece  of  naturally  poor,  rocky  land.  We  have  at 
various  times  published  reports  of  the  results 
reached.  In  our  issue  for  September,  1902.  we  pub- 
lished his  report  on  the  crop  of  that  year.  He  therein 
stated  that  the  total  yield  from  ]4f  acres  was  128,874 
pounds  of  well  cured  hay.  The  exact  cost  per  ton 
of  the  dry  hay.  including  fertilizer  ($208  worth 
applied),  ctitting,  curing  and  putting  in  the  barn 
was  $4.95.  The  total  yield  of  7  acres  of  new  seeded 
ground  was  49,677  pounds,  or  an  average  of  7,778 
pounds  per  acre,  which  is  212  pounds  less  than  foTir 
tons  to  the  acre  nine  months  from  the  day  of  seeding, 
and  that,  under  very  unfavorable  circumstances.  This, 
he  adds,  is  conclusive  evidence  to  me  that  if  we  want 
to  grow  grass  we  had  better  R0^^■  grass  seed,  and  if 
wheat,  rye  or  other  grain,  or,  in  fact,  any  other 
crop,  we  had  better  sow  them  by  themselves  to 
achieve  success,  for  it  is  certain  that  a  proper  grass 
stand  cannot  he  obtained  with  any  other  crop.  My 
grass  crop  this  year  confirms  more  fulh',  if  possible, 
three  things:  First,  that  grass  should  always  he 
sown  by  itself.  Second,  that  timothy  and  red  top 
in  equal  parts  are  correct  proportions;  and,  third, 
that  intense  cultivation  is  absolutely  necessary  for 
success.  We  have  just  received  Mr.  Clark's  report 
on  his  first  hay  crop  for  this  year.  In  this  he  says: 
"Last  year  the  first  crop  was  64  tons,  874  pounds  of 
dry  hay.  This  year  the  first  crop,  55  tons,  729 
pounds — nine  tons  less  than  last  year,  mainly  due 
to  three  causes.  First,  lack  of  intense  cultivation 
before  seeding  of  six  acres  in  September,  1901,  on 
account  of  cloud-burst,  which  washed  almost  all  the 
cultivated  soil  ofi"  the  field  ten  days  before  seeding. 
Second,  a  two-months'  drought  in  spring.  Third, 
the  fertilizer  was  spread  six  weeks  without  rain. 
These  three  cut  the  product  do\vn  so  that  the  average 
yield  was  but  7,840  pounds,  a  little  less  than  four 


tons  per  acre.  The  seven-eighth  acre  seeded  now 
fourteen  years,  cutting  twenty-six  first  and  second 
crops  before  this  year,  a  total  production  of  twenty- 
«even  crops;  one  seeding  fourteen  years.  111  tons, 
with  the  second  crop  now  growing.  Last  year  the 
two  crops  were  eight  and  a  half  tons.  This  year  they 
will  exceed  nine  tons.  The  average  per  acre  this 
year  on  this  field,  first  crop,  is  7  tons,  176  poimds, 
and  on  the  five-eighths  acre  adjoining  field,  7  tons, 
80  pounds.  Many  suppose  that  six  tons  of  hay  or 
more  to  the  acre  means  tall,  coarse  grass,  but  it  is 
exactly  the  reverse.  It  means  a  dense  growth  of  fine 
grass,  500  to  600  spears  to  the  square  foot,  40  to 
45  inches  in  height,  and  will  make  six  to  seven  tons 
to  the  acre.  Every  six  inches  in  height  of  my  grass 
containing  500  to  600  spears  to  the  square  foot  will 
produce  a  ton  of  dry  hay  to  the  acre,  and  it  will  be  as 
fine  as  silk.  Intense  cultivation  and  care  are  the  only 
things  that  will  make  big  crops  of  hay."  We  think 
we  have  now  said  enough  to  justify  the  position  we 
have  taken  as  to  seeding  grass  alone.  We  will,  how- 
ever, add  the  testimony  of  a  neighbor  of  our  cores- 
pondent just  received.  "I  seeded  six  acres  last  fall 
in  mixed  grasses  unthoitt  any  grain  crop,  using  about 
500  pounds  per  acre  of  a  mixture  of  eqiial  parts  of 
raw  bone  meal,  16  per  cent.  South  Carolina  bone 
(acid  phosphate)  and  German  Kainit.  I  averaged 
fully  two  and  a  half  tons  of  hay  per  acre,  cutting 
this  about  July  5th  and  6th— certainly  worth  twice 
as  much  as  any  grain  crop."  This  letter  would  seem 
to  show  that  not  all  the  good  farmers  in  Albemarle 
sow  grass  seed  with  a  grain  crop,  and  when  more  of 
them  realize  what  is  possible  when  seeded  alone  still 
fewer  will  be  found  to  follow  the  old  practice. 
The  mistake  our  correspondent  made  was  in  not 
following  our  advice  fully.  He  seeded  not  alone, 
but  with  a  weed  crop,  and  we  have  repeatedly  stated 
that  grass,  least  of  any  crop,  can  successfully  com- 
pete with  the  weeds.  Weeds  are  an  indigenous 
growth,  and  exemplify  the  law  of  the  survival  of  the 
fittest  iinder  natural  conditions.  It  is  useless  to  ex- 
pect an  introduced  crop  to  compete  successfully  with 
them,  especially  when  the  introduced  crop  is  one  of 
so  small  and  tender  a  growth  as  grass  seeds  when 
first  starting.  The  weeds  must  be  eradicated  before 
seeding  grass  or  they  will  sooner  or  later  eradicate 
the  gi-ass.  And  now  one  word  in  reply  to  the  last 
paragraph  but  one  in  the  letter:  "It  seems  to  me 
that  one  fatal  objection  to  sowing  grass  alone  for  the 
average  farmer  is  that  it  makes  one  extra  ploughing. 
With  the  regular  rotation — which,  after  trying  all 
the  book  methods,  we  have  come  back  to  as  far  the 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


559 


best — one  ploughing  does  for  com,  oats  or  wheat  and 
two  crops  of  grass.  On  paper  it  is  a  mighty  simple 
thing  to  plongh  the  ground  one  extra  time,  but  in 
economical  farming  it  is  a  very  different  matter." 
One  of  the  great  causes  of  the  lack  of  productiveness 
on  southern  farms  is  that  farmers  will  not  plough 
and  cultivate  the  land  sufficiently.  In  England  no 
farmer  expects  to  produce  a '  paying  crop  without 
ploughing  always  once,  and  more  frequently  twice, 
before  seeding,  in  addition  to  working  the  soil  re- 
peatedly with  the  harrow  and  c\iltivator.  We  have 
frequently  ploughed  the  land  three  times  before  get- 
ting such  a  seed-bed  as  we  desired.  Experiments 
made  in  this  country  have  demonstrated  that  the' same 
good  results  are  here  obtained  by  repeated  ploughing 
and  cultivation  before  seeding.  It  is  the  falsest 
economy  to  save  on  the  cost  of  ploughing  and  culti- 
vating. The  comment  of  the  wise  man  of  old  on 
charity  is  most  appropriate  to  this  work:  "There 
is  that  scattereth  and  yet  increaseth,  and  there  is  that 
withholdeth  more  than  is  meet,  and  it  tendeth  to 
poverty."  The  cost  of  ploughing  an  acre  of  land  is 
so  small  that  even  the  production  of  an  extra 
bushel  of  wheat  to  the  acre  will  almost  pay  for  it, 
and  we  have  known  such  an  extra  ploughing,  with 
the  necessary  working  to  follow,  to  increase  the  crop 
ten  bushels  to  the  acre.  Mr.  Clark,  in  fitting  his 
land  to  produce  the  great  yields  of  hay  we  have 
mentioned,  says  that  he  moves  every  particle  of  the 
soil  to  the  depth  of  six  or  eight  inches  at  least  thirty 
times,  in  this  way  reducing  the  whole  body  of  the 
soil  to  the  finest  tilth  and  making  every  particle 
of  the  soil  permeable  by  the  finest  roots  and  every 
bit  of  the  plant  food  existing  therein  available  for 
tlie  support  of  the  crop.  To  endeavor  to  raise  four 
crops  by  one  ploughing  is  "saving  at  the  spigot  and 
spending  at  the  bung"  with  a  vengeance.  Until  there 
is  a  disposition  to  plough  four  times  for  one  crop, 
rather  than  once  for  four  croj^s,  we  shall  never  see 
southern  lands  produce  the  crops  they  are  capable 
of  doing  and  farmers  as  prosperous  as  they  ought 
to  be. 


TURNIP  RAISING. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

When  practical,  a  clover  or  cow  pea  sod  should 
precede  turnips.  Said  crops,  when  seeded,  should 
be  liberally  fertilized  with  potash  and  phosphoric 
acid,  thus  insuring  a  rank  growth.  At  matiir' 
entire  crop  should  be  turned  down  and  so  remain 
until  it  decomposes.  Turnim;  the  roots  and  stubble 
of  the  clover  or  cow  peas,  a;<  the  case  may  be,  will 


not  be  sufficient  to  supply  the  nitrogen  called  for  by 
turnips  and  to  improve  the  land.  They  contain  only 
about  one-fifth  of  the  nutrient  properties  of  the 
plants,  and  consequently,  where  the  improvement  of 
tlie  soil  is  the  object  sought,  they  fall  short  of  the 
mark. 

The  preparation  of  the  soil  should  be  commenced 
a  year  or  more  in  advance.  The  work  would  not 
then  be  crowded;  everything  Avould  come  in  at  the 
proper  time.  The  clover  or  cow  peas  could  be  turned 
down  after  the  first  frost  and  so  remain  until  early 
spring.  The  ground  could  then  be  planted  to  onions 
or  potatoes ;  either  crop  woiild  come  oft'  in  ample  time 
for  tiirnips  to  follow. 

(Wheat,  oats,  rye  or  vetches  should  be  sown  to 
prevent  loss  of  nitrogen  by  leaching  during  winter — 
En.) 

The  New  Jersey  Experiment  Station  claims  that 
an  acre  of  crimson  clover  will  contain  $30  worth  of 
nitrogen.  This  nitrogen  is  drawn  from  the  air,  be- 
ing virtually  grown,  and  is,  therefore,  a  clear  gain. 
If  we  place  the  value  of  the  nitrogen,  that  can  be 
practically  drawn  from  the  air  by  an  acre  of  clover 
or  cow  peas,  at  only  $15,  this  quantity  will  prove 
more  than  ample  for  the  two  succeeding  crops  with- 
out any  direct  application  whatever.  An  ordinary 
application  of  potash  and  phosphoric  acid  may  well 
precede  the  seeding  of  the  turnips. 

If  potatoes  follow  the  legume  crop  they  should  be 
d\ig  soon  after  maturity  and  the  tops  permitted  to 
cure  about  a  week.  Then  often  deep  furrows  a  suit- 
able distance  apart  for  the  drills,  say,  three  feet, 
place  the  potato  tops  therein  and  ridge  thereon. 
Then  level  the  ridges  and  drill  the  turnip  seed  in  the 
usual  way. 

I  have  often  urged  farmers  to  try  at  least  their 
truck  patches  on  the  above  plan.  Erom  two  to  three 
times  the  usual  yield  could  easily  be  grown  and  the 
soil  would  also  grow  richer  and  richer. 

But  as  a  year  or  more  is  necessary  for  the  above 
preparation,  only  a  few  farmers,  comparatively 
speaking,  are  in  shape  to  test  the  plan  at  the  ap- 
proaching seeding.  I  will,  therefore,  give  direc- 
tions, based  on  the  old  plan,  that  will  make  a  further 
draw  on  the  soil  for  humus  (decayed  vegetable  mat- 
ter), which  is  already  generally  deficient  in  this 
necessary  element. 

The  soil  should  be  well  prejiared.  Then  lay  off 
in  rows  about  three  feet  apart.  Apply  in  the  rows 
from  400  to  600  pounds  per  acre  of  a  fertilizer  con- 
taining 2  per  cent,  nitrogen,  5  per  cent,  actual  pot- 
ash aiid  7  per  cent,  available  phosphoric  acid. 


560 


THE  SOUTHEKX  PLANTER. 


September 


The  following  materials  may  bo  mixed  and  used : 
Fifty  to  seventy-five  pounds  nitrate  of  soda,  40  to  60 
jwunds  muriate  of  potash  and  32ri  to  485  potinds 
acid  phosphate.  From  160  to  240  pounds  of  kainit 
may  l)e  used  in  lien  of  the  muriate  of  potash.  The 
fertilizer  should  be  well  mixed  with  the  soil,  ]ire- 
ferably  a  few  weeks  before  seeditig,  but  if  there  be 
not  n  sufficiency  of  time,  a  few  days  will  answer. 
With  the  plow  throw  low  ridges  on  the  rows,  llatten 
the  ridges  with  a  light  harrow  or  roller,  and  sow  the 
turnip  seed  with  a  drill  and  cover  by  rolling  with  a 
light  roller. 

The  flat-rooted  purple  toj)  varieties  make  the 
quickest  growth,  but  the  glolw  varieties  root  deeper, 
and  where  they  are  to  remain  in  the  ground  all  win- 
ter, are  generally  preferred.  liut  for  winter  pur- 
jioses  it  is  usually  best  to  properly  store  all  varieties. 

Rutabagas  are  more  nutritious  and  are  conse- 
quently better  for  stock  pur])oses.  If  a  rain  fall 
soon  after  seeding,  a  rake  should  be  jiassed  length- 
wise the  drills. 

Soon  after  the  plants  ajipear  cultivation  should  be 
commenced  and  repeated  several  times  at  short  intx^r- 
vals.  AATien  tlie  plants  attain  tliree  leaves  thin  to 
single  plants,  six  to  eight  inches  apart. 

Moore  county,  X.  V.  Bnv.vx  Tysox. 


THE  CHEAT  OR  CHESS  PROBLEM. 

The  communications  we  have  published  on  this 
subject  have  evidently  aroused  much  interest,  as  we 
are  in  receipt  of  letters  almost  by  every  mail  giving 
experience  on  the  matter  and  theories  accounting  for 
the  same.  We  select  the  following  from  the  latest 
of  these,  and  with  this  must  close  the  discussion. 
Professor  Massey,  in  his  communication,  so  fully 
disposes  of  the  absurdity  of  the  supposed  change  as 
to  leave  in  our  opinion  nothing  further  usefully  to  be 
said. — Ed. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

T  have  seen  the  discussions  in  the  last  two  num- 
bers of  the  Planter  in  regard  to  oats  and  wheat 
turning  to  cheat.  I  will  give  you  my  experience  and 
observations.  T  have  always  believed  that  the  change 
took  place  and  will  tell  you  of  my  experience  with 
winter  oats.  A  farmer  in  this  county  raised  a  crop 
of  forty  bushels  to  the  acre  and  they  weighed  fifty 
pounds  to  the  measured  bushel.  My  brother  and  I 
thought  we  would  try  them.  I  went  to  his  place, 
aliout  twenty  miles  from  here,  got  fifteen  bushels  and 
we  sowed  them.  They  came  up  and  looked  fine  until 
in  February  there  came  a  cold  snap  and  all  the  top 


growth  turned  yellow  and  died.  Then  there  came  a 
second  growth  from  the  same  stools  and  we  had  a 
finer  prospect  than  the  first,  for  they  seemed  to  have 
spread  all  over  the  ground:  but  when  headed  out  I 
do  not  think  my  brother  had  five  heads  of  oats  in 
ten  bnshel«  of  seeding.  There  were  a  few  more  in 
mine.  We  had  them  threshed  and  ground  for  feed. 
They  weighed  twenty-five  pounds  to  the  bushel. 
There  \v&%  no  cheat  in  the  oats  nor  in  the  land  be- 
fore we  sowed,  nor  has  there  been  since.  AVhen  that 
freeze  came  it  killed  the  crown,  but  did  not  kill  the 
roots,  so  they  sent  up  a  degenerated  set  of  stalks, 
and,  of  course,  the  grain  was  the  same  as  the  stalks. 
When  wheat  is  grazed  by  fowls  the  seed  is  mostly 
cheat.  ^ly  opinion  is,  that  the  growth  of  wheat  be- 
ing tender  it  is  killed  and  the  roots  send  up  another 
growth  that  is  tougher  and  can  stand  more  than  the 
first.  George  W.  Johxsox. 

Prince  William  county,  Ta. 


Editor  Southern  Plaisf.er: 

T  am  not  seeking  any  controversy  on  the  chess 
([uestion,  but  wish  merely  to  give  facts  in  ray  own 
experience,  to  show  how  easily  one  may  fool  himself. 

In  July,  1!102,  T  ploughed  three  acres  of  wheat 
stubble  and  had  it  seeded  to  winter  oats  and  clover 
September  1.5th,  intending  to  use  as  pasture  the  fol- 
lowing year.  In  1003  the  clover  made  such  a  fine 
gi'owth  that  I  concluded  to  mow  it  for  hay,  as  the 
oats  appeared  to  be  nearly  all  gone.  The  oats  had 
been  purchased  from  a  prominent  seed  house  of  Balti- 
more, but  as  I  had  a  fair  growth  of  rye  I  presumed 
they  were  somewhat  mixed.  I  never  saw  the  seed. 
The  rye  naade  a  fine  gi-owth,  followed  by  what 
proved  to  be  chess.  The  rye  headed  and  so  did  the 
c-hess,  while  the  oats  were  only  three  or  four  inches 
high.  I  was  disgusted,  and  should  have  turned  in 
my  cows,  but  I  had  no  fence.  If  I  had  mowed  then 
I  should  have  had  nothing  but  chess  and  rye,  but  as 
I  did  not  want  any  such  stuff  as  hay  I  let  it  alone 
until  I  could  put  a  wire  fence  around  the  lot.  In  the 
meantime  the  oats  began  to  grow  and  headed  out  at 
about  thirty  inches  high,  hiding  the  chess  completely. 
When  tlie  oats  were  ready  I  cut  for  hay  and  got  a  nice 
lot,  althougii  mixed  with  over-ripe  chess  and  rye. 
The  wheat  seeded  on  that  lot  was  mixed  with  chess, 
and  I  had  tried  to  clean  it,  but  only  removed  a 
part,  and  the  wheat  crop  had  considerable  chess  seed 
in  it. 

Judging  froni  appearances  I  sliould  have  been 
ready  to  affirm  that  the  oats  had  turned  to  rye  and 
chess  if  I  had  cut  them  early,  and  later  that  the 
stubble  grew  oats  as  a  second  crop.  That  appears  to 
lie  what  Mr.  .J.  H.  ElJis  claims  to  have  been  the  case 
in  his  article.  George  H.  Smith. 

Northumberland  county.  Fa. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER. 


561 


'     Editor  iSouthern  Planter: 

Yo\i  are  certainly  in  for  it,  since  the  cheat  trans- 
it formationists  have  gotten  hold  of  you.  But  seri- 
ously, what  is  the  use  of  taking  up  the  space  of  the 
Planter  to  try  to  convince  the  believers  in  this 
superstition  that  such  a  transformation  is  impossi- 
ble. It  comes  up  perennially  in  all  the  farm  papers, 
and  the  men  who  have  never  made  any  accurate 
study  of  plant  life  jump  to  conclusions  not  warranted 
by  the  factsand  are  perfectly  convinced  that  they  are 
right,  and  no  amount  of  argument  will  make  them 
tliink  otherwise.  This  old  nonsense  about  wheat  and 
oats  turning  to  cheat,  planting  by  the  jihase  of  the 
I  moon  or  the  signs  of  the  Zodaic,  are  persistent  sur- 
.  vivals  of  old  superstitions  and  will  continue  so  long- 
as  men  are  not  educated  in  an  accurate  study  of  life 
in  plants  and  animals.  I  have  long  since  ceased  to 
try  to  argiie  the  transmutation  people  out  of  the 
notion,  but  now  and  then  I  am  tempted  to  hit  some 
one  of  these  gentlemen.  Mr.  Ellis's  letter,  in  your 
last  number,  is  rather  amusing.  His  neighbor  sowed 
his  winter  oats  in  the  spring  to  get  them  clear  of 
weeds,  cheat  included,  we  suppose.  Now,  if  oats  will 
cliange  to  cheat,  why  do  they  not  do  so  when  sown  in 
rlie  spring  ?  Simply  because  they  do  not  get  killed  and 
let  the  hardy  cheat  take  their  place.  Then  Mr. 
Brockman  sowed  his  clean  seed  in  the  fall  and  had 
a  fine  crop  of  cheat  hay,  and.  after  the  hay  was  cut 
a  crop -of  oats  .Where  were  the  oats  all  the  time 
that  the  cheat  was  making  hay,  and  why  did  not  tlie;/ 
turn  to  cheat,  too  I  It  is  very  evident  that  the  land 
was  full  of  cheat  seed — and  that  is  all  that  was 
proven  by  that  experiment. 

!Mr.  Wright  says  that  cheat  is  a  hybrid.  How  is 
he  so  sure  of  that.  Bromus  seealinus  is  as  well 
marked  a  species  as  any  grass  in  existence.  Now,  it 
is  perfectly  easy  to  test  the  matter  if  the  transmuta- 
tion folks  want  to  be  convinced.  Sow  some  abso- 
lutely clean  oats — good,  large  and  plump  grains, 
for  there  are  many  wlio  would  mistake  a  seed  of  cheat 
for  a  shrivelled  oat  grain.  Sow  these  in  soil  that 
has  been  perfectly  sterilized  from  seeds  of  all  sorts 
liv  heat.  Now,  abuse  these  plants  in  any  way  you 
please,  by  excess  of  water  and  excess  of  cold,  and 
while  they  may  be  killed,  they  will  never  make  a 
cheat  plant.  I  will  give  $5  for  every  cheat  plant 
produced  from  a  wheat  or  oat  seed.  Some  years  ago 
a  farmer  in  Western  North  Carolina  wrote  to  me 
that  he  had  the  positive  proof  that  wheat  would  turn 
to  cheat,  and  wanted  to  know  if  there  was  not  a  pre- 
mium offered  for  it.  I  wrote  that  there  was  no  pro- 
mium  and  that  I  knew  that  he  was  mistaken.  A 
lawyer  friend  in  the  same  neighborhood  wrote  to  me 
that  he  thought  I  had  been  rather  curt  with  my  cor- 
respcndenl,  and  that  he  knew  that  he  had  the  posi- 
tive proof  that  wheat  turned  to  cheat.     I  asked  him 


to  send  tlie  proof.  Soon  after  that  a  package  came  to 
me,  and  on  opening  it  I  found  a  large  and  healthy 
plant  of  cheat  grass  with  decayed  wheat  gi-ains  at- 
tached to  the  tips  of  the  rootlets.  I  wrote  to  my 
lawyer  friend  that  if  he  did  not  stiidy  evidence  closer 
than  that  in  court  he  would  get  badly  left  often,  for 
the  sample  he  (ift'ered  as  proof  that  wheat  turned  to 
cheat  was,  on  the  contrary,  positive  evidence  that  it 
does  not.  The  roots  of  the  cheat  had  simply  found 
the  decaying  wheat  grains  in  the  oil  and  were  feeding 
on  them.  Had  the  cheat  ])lant  grown  from  the  wheat 
the  grains  would  not  have  been  at  the  feeding  tips, 
but  right  up  where  the  roots  started  from.  It  is  just 
such  evidence  as  this  that  convinces  the  untrained 
observer  that  a  thing  is  a  fact  when  it  is  an  Titter  im- 
possibility. If  cheat  is  a  hybrid,  what  are  its 
parents '(  It  takes  more  than  one  parent  to  make  a 
hybrid,  and,  as  a  rule,  true  hybrids  are  sterile  and 
fail  to  reproduce  from  seed.  Crossing  of  plants 
takes  place  througli  the  flowers,  and  not  by  any 
transmutation  in  the  soil.  If  you  sow  clean  seed 
in  land  that  has  not  cheat  seed  in  it,  you  will  never 
find  a  cheat  plant  in  your  wheat  or  oats.  I  had  a 
spot  of  wheat  frozen  down  last  spring  after  growth 
began  to  get  tender.  Now,  said  a  cheat  man,  you  will 
have  cheat  when  that  spot  starts  again.  No,  said  I, 
if  the  wheat  is  not  entirely  killed  it  will  grow  xip 
again,  and  if  killed  there  will  be  no  cheat,  for  there 
is  no  cheat  in  this  soil  and  none  was  sown  last  fall. 
It  sprouted  from  the  roots  and  was  clean  and  pure 
at  harvest,  and  not  a  sign  of  cheat.  Now  I  am  satis- 
fied that  it  is  perfectly  useless  for  you  or  me,  Mr. 
Editor,  to  try  to  convince  these  gentlemen  of  their 
error,  and  I  shall  not  waste  any  more  time  with  it. 

W.  F.  Massey. 


Editor  Southern  Planter: 

For  several  years  I  have  thought  like  several  of 
your  correspondents  in  your  August  issue — "that 
oats  turned  to  cheat."'  I  am  now  satisfied  that  all 
were  mistaken.  My  neighbor,  Mr.  T.  B.  Wright, 
who,  I  see,  has  sent  jon  a  head  of  chess,  asking 
what  it  was,  had  a  field  sown  with  winter  gray  oats. 
Some  time  during  the  month  of  May  I  said  to  him : 
Why  don't  you  cut  that  cheat  down,  it  will  make 
hay,  and  if  yon  let  it  get  too  ripe  the  stalks  are  so 
hard  it  will  be  worthless.  He  replied :  I  have  a 
pretty  fair  crop  of  oats  over  there;  they  don't  show 
yet,  but  they  are  in  there.  And  he  was  right.  I 
jjassed  the  place  every  day,  and  in  the  course  of  a 
few  weeks  the  oats  outgrew  the  cheat  and  he  made 
a  fine  crop.  His  explanation  was  that  the  cheat  and 
oats  were  sown  together.  The  seed  of  the  cheat  being- 
smaller,  are  not  noticeable  in  the  oats  at  the  time  of 
sowing,  but  they  are  there.  ^ly  own  experience  was 
similar  to  his.     I  had  a  field  sown  with  winter  oats 


562 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[September 


and  clover  for  my  hogs.  There  looked  to  l>e  so  few 
oats  that  I  turned  my  hogs  in  sooner  than  I  intended. 
They  ate  the  clover  for  the  first  ten  days,  and  then, 
as  in  the  case  of  ^[r.  Wright,  the  oats  began  to  show- 
up.  I  noticed  last  year  that  some  farmer  in  Albe- 
marle had  cut  a  crop  of  cheat  which  was  siiccecded 
by  a  crop  of  oats.  I  could  not  understand  it  at  the 
time.  But  the  cheat  being  earlier  Avas  cut,  and  the 
oats  being  there  too  had  time  to  head  out  and  make 
a  crop.  I  note,  too,  one  of  your  correspondents  notes 
a  similar  case.  What  do  you  think  of  mv  explana- 
tion ?  '  C.  iF.  Day. 
Isle  of  Wight  county,  Ya. 

This  is   the  true  explanation   of  all   these  cheat 
stories. — Ed. 


tield  capable  of  yielding  much  pasturage  during  the 
winter  and  spring  months.  The  stalks  of  Joh^i-' 
grass  would  hold  up  the  vetch  during  the  summer 
and  add  largelv  to  the  yield  of  hay,  whilst  it  would 
each  year  reseed  itself,  and  thus  keep  up  the  croj). 
As  the  vetch  grows  all  winter  and  makes  excellent 
spring  grazing  before  Johnson  grass  is  ready  for 
:*tock  it  would  materially  lengthen  the  period  when 
grazing  would  be  practicable. 


CURING  FORAGE  CROPS— CHEAT. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

J.  P.  McDowell,  of  Halifax  county,  Va.,  asks 
"How  to  cure  peavines."  I  once  cured  a  heavy  crop 
of  sorghum  hay  by  putting  ventilators  in  each  stack. 
Make  ventilators  by  placing  three  rails  together  at 
top,  set  the  bottom  ends  about  three  feet  apart:  nail 
a  few  strips  on  each  side  to  hold  it  together.  Th 
makes  the  ventilator.  Now  give  access  to  the  air 
from  the  outside  by  laying  two  rails  side  by  side 
about  a  foot  apart.  Lay  two  or  three  small  pieces 
of  timber  on  these  two  rails;  then  lay  another  rail  on 
top.  Let  this  air  shaft  extend  from  the  center  of  the 
ventilators  to  the  outside  of  the  stack.  Put  one  of 
these  air  chambers  on  each  side  of  the  site  of  the 
stack.  Build  the  stack  clear  around  and  over  the 
top  of  the  ventilator. 

You  advise  "Subscriber"  in  July  Planter  that 
neither  oats  nor  M'heat,  nor  any  grain,  will  turn  to 
cheat.  But  if  you  M'ill  sow  gray  winter  oats  suc- 
cessively for  a  few  years,  in  the  fall  of  the  year,  yon 
will  have  a  fine  crop  of  cheat.  This  is  a  well  estal>- 
lished  fact  here  in  Southwest  Virginia,  where  thev 
are  largely  raised.  It  is  well  known  here  that  thii^ 
evil  can  be  averted  by  sowing  the  crop  once  in  every 
few  years  in  the  spring  of  the  year,  and  thus  rencv 
the  seed.  I  know  this  is  contrary  to  the  books  and 
science,  but  it  is  a  fact  that  any  farmer  can  demon- 
strate for  himself.  H.  B.  Robkrts. 
Washington  county,  Tn. 


BERMUDA  GRASS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

I  read  on  page  504  of  your  valuable  journal  an 
inquiry  about  setting  a  field  in  Bermuda  grass  and 
seeding  with  wheat  at  the  same  time.  I  live  in 
Central  Arkansas,  and  am  familiar  with  the  agricul- 
tural interests  of  the  State.  Bermuda  grass  is  be- 
coming quite  popular  in  this  region  of  country  for 
both  grazing  and  haying  purposes.  To  do  its  best 
growing  this  grass  requires  hot  sunshine.  My  ex- 
perience and  observation  teaches  me  that  every 
farmer  wotild  do  well  to  observe  the  rule  that  one 
crop  at  a  time  on  the  same  field  is  a  sound  principle 
to  go  on,  and  therefore  I  would  not  attempt  to  sow 
wheat  with  Bermuda.  The  best  plan  to  set  a  field 
in  Bemnida  grass  is  to  thoroughly  prepare  the  soil 
by  plowing  deep  and  imlverizing  perfectly.  If  to  be 
propagated  from  roots  (which  is  best  and  cheapest 
here),  chop  the  roots,  or  separate  into  small  bunches, 
start  your  turning  plow  on  the  ready  prepared 
ground,  as  if  breaking  broadcast,  then  drop  a  small 
portion  of  the  roots  in  the  furrow  about  18  inches 
apart.  The  next  furrow  covers  it.  Follow  this 
plan  over  the  field  to  be  set.  When  the  plowing  and 
])]anting  is  done  in  this  way  harrow  lightly  to  smooth 
the  surface.  Do  this  in  February  or  March.  In 
three  months  you  will  have  a  sod  that  yon  cannot 
graze  out.  We  consider  one  acre  of  Bermuda  sod 
worth  one  hundred  dollars  in  gold.  It  means  fat. 
healthy,  vigorous  stock.  Remember,  that  this  is  a 
fast  age,  and  things,  to  insure  success,  must  be  done 
well,  so  that  they  will  bring  the  quickest  returns. 

C.  H.  Gkegoet. 

Arhtnsns. 


JOHNSON  GRASS. 

A  writer  in  tlie  Breeders'  Gazette  suggests  that 
hairy  vetch  seeded  in  Johnson  grass  would  great] \' 
improve  the  quality  of  the  hay,  and  also  make  the 


LEGUMINOUS  BACTERIA. 
We  hear  that  the  Department  of  Agriculture  at 
Washington  has  succeeded  in  cultivating  the  bac- 
teria necessary  to  the  successful  growth  of  the  legimii- 
nous  crops,  and  that  they  will  shortly  be  prepared  to 
su])ply  the  same  to  farmers  for  inoculating  the  soil. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


563 


Tliose  who  contemplate  growing  alfalfa  should  ap- 
ply to  the  Department  for  the  alfalfa  bacteria,  and 
follow  the  instructions  for  its  use  before  seeding  the 
land. 


1903  TOBACCO  CROP  ON  THE  HOME  STRETCH. 

Ninety  to  one  hundred  days  is  usually  the  life  of 
the  tobacco  plant  on  the  hill  or  in  the  field.  Planted 
in  May  or  June,  it  is  now  on  the  home  stretch.  We 
advise  curing  sun  or  air  cured  a  red  color.  Late 
cuttings  are  apt  to  cure  dark  green.  To  prevent  this 
cooping  or  bulking  until  yellowed  before  hanging  is 
advised.  Beware  of  mould.  To  prevent  this,  air- 
tight wood  stoves,  with  heat  enough  to  create  a  circu- 
lation of  air  during  soft,  hot  weather  should  be  used. 
Tobacco  intended  for  shipment  in  the  leaf  for  export 
for  Austria,  Italy,  etc.,  should  be  cured  red  or  light 
brown  color,  fired  with  open  fires.  For  English  strips 
cure  a  dark  brown  color,  with  open  fires.  Don't  for- 
get that  curing  and  handling  is  the  biggest  half  to 
be  done.  L.  B.  Vaugtiax  &  Co. 

Eichmond,  Va. 


SEEDING  GRASS  ONLY. 


Editor  Southern  I'lanter: 

I  was  induced  by  your  perpetual  drilling  ma- 
chine— the  best  farmer's  paper  in  the  South — to  sow 
a  piece  of  north  land  last  September,  early  part,  to 
timothy,  clover  and  orchard  grass,  without  any  grain ; 
tried  to  get  other  grass,  but  could  secure  at  the  time 
only  the  three  kinds.  This  piece  of  north  land  had 
never  done  me  any  good  in  the  effort  to  get  a  stand  of 
grass  and  crop  of  wheat  the  same  season ;  both  would 
always  freeze  out.  I  placed  the  orchard  gi-ass  seed 
in  with  fertilizer  (200  poimds  S.  C.  Bone  to  the 
acre),  and  sowed  a  peck  of  timothy  and  peck  of  clover 
through  seed  sower,  and  two  bushels  orchard  grass 
seed,  to  the  acre.  Results :  a  good  crop  of  hay  the 
following  summer,  instead  of  the  old  experience  of 
neither  wheat  nor  grass.  I  cut  the  hay  about  the  first 
of  this  month,  and  now  that  north  bank  looks  better 
than  any  meadow  land.  I  thank  you  for  drilling  me 
imtil  I  caught  the  right  step. 

Thomas  S.  White. 

Rockbridge  Co.,  Va. 


ENQUIRERS'  COLUMN. 

Enquiries  sliould  be  sent  to  ttie  office  of  TAe  Southern  Plan- 
ter, Richmond,  Va.,  not  later  than  the  15th  of  the  month  for 
replies  to  appear  in  the  next  month's  issue. 


Hogs  Ailing. 

I  have  eighteen  Poland  China  hogs  that  have  knots 
the  size  of  peas,  or  larger,  all  over  their  bodies.  Some 
of  them  seem  as  well  as  usual  otherwise,  and  others 
are  real  sick,  with  but  little  appetite  and  lay  around 
in  the  shade.  The  eyes  of  these  are  closed  and  very 
sore,  lids  much  swollen  and  full  of  knots  that  look 
like  pus  and  scabs;  when  scraped  off  the  flesh  be- 
neath is  white  and  raw  and  bleeds..  They  are  in  a 
pasture,  part  woods  and  part  apple  orchard,  with  a 
fine  stand  of  orchard  grass  and  clover.  Have  fed 
them  no  grain  since  spring.  They  are  in  fair  order  and 
seemed  in  good  condition  until  thus  affected.  They 
have  lice  on  them.  Their  watering  place  is  a  small 
spring  where  the  water  bubbles  out  of  the  surface 
of  the  field  and  they  frequently  make  a  wallowing 
hole  of  it. 

Please  tell  me  what  the  disease  is  and  what  to  do 
for  it.  Appreciative  Subsceibeb. 

Amherst  county,  Ya. 

The  hogs  are  probably  suffering  from  what  is 
known  in  some  places  as  "measles,"  an  eruptive  dis- 
ease like  measles  in  the  human  race.  What  they 
need  is  a  laxative,  sloppy  food,  in  which  mix  a  spoon- 
ful of  flowers  of  sulphur  for  each  hog  three  or  four 
times  a  week.  If  constipated,  give  them  in  the  slop 
a  half  pint  of  linseed  oil  for  each  hog.  The  feeding 
of  the  sulphur  will  most  likely  cause  the  lice  to  drop 
oft',  as  it  has  a  powerful  action  on  the  pores  of  the 
skin,  -n'hich  is  ofl'ensive  to  lice.  If  the  lice  do  not 
drop  off,  a  little  kerosene  oil  rubbed  or  poured  on  the 
backs  of  the  hogs  will  soon  get  rid  of  them. — Ed. 


The  best  means  for  destroying  Cabbage  worms  is 
air-slaked  lime  and  common  fine  salt.  Mix  three- 
fourths  air-slaked  lime  and  one-fourth  salt.  Sprinkle 
this  mixture  over  the  heads  as  soon  as  worms  appear. 


Cow  Peas  and  Weevil— Pollenizer  for  Strawberry — 
Crimson  Clover  Seed. 

1.  Some  time  ago  I  read  in  an  old  farm  paper  that 
by  planting  cow  peas  after  July  1st  the  peas  from 
that  croj)  would  not  be  infested  with  weevil.  Will 
you  i^leasp  tell  me  if  it  is  so  ? 

2.  Is  the  Jessie  strawberry  early  enough  to  fer- 
tilize the  Warfield  ? 

3.  What  would  be  a  fair  yield  of  crimson  clover 
seed  to  acre  ?  J.  D.  Gitchell. 

Albemarle  county,  Ya. 

1.  We  believe  weevil  will  infest  cow-pea  seed  when- 
ever the  crop  is  sown  as  if  sown  in  time  to  mature 
the  seed  the  weevil  moth  will  be  laying  its  eggs  during 
the  period  of  growth  and  maturity,  and  the  plants 
will  become  infested. 


564 


THE  SOUTHET{:Nr  PLANTER. 


[September 


2.  The  Jessie  is  one  of  the  earliest  blooming  straw- 
berries known,  and  will  fertilize  the  Warfiekl. 

•i.  Crimson  clover  will  yield  an^'%vhere  from  ten 
to  twentv-five  bushels  of  seed  to  the  acre,  according 
to  the  crop  and  the  season  for  pollcnization. — En. 

Sowing  Clover  with  Wheat. 

I  have  abont  twenty  acres  ( ])artly  low  oroniid  )  that 
is  a  stiff  sand  or  a  mixture  with  clay,  with  a  good 
clay  subsoil  that  I  wish  to  sow  in  wheat  this  fall.  I 
have  been  thinking  of  sowing  clover  with  the  wheat 
for  a  hay  crop  after  the  wheat  is  cut  off.  Could  I  do 
tfcis'  If  so,  how  much  clover  to  the  acre  and  what 
variety  ?  Do  you  think  T  could  sow  a  crop  with  the 
wheat  that  would  do  as  well  as  the  clover  ? 

Moore  couiify,  N.  C.  Geoijok  E.  Browdek. 

Yes.  You  can  sow  red  clover  with  the  wheat,  but 
our  advice,  often  given,  is  to  sow  grass  and  clover 
without  a  grain  crop  if  you  want  certainly  to  succeed 
in  getting  a  stand  of  the  clover  or  grass.  Of  course, 
clover  sown  with  wheat  will  frequently  succeed  in 
making  a  stand,  but  this  is  very  often  killed  out  by 
the  sun  when  the  wheat  is  cut  off.  If  a  strong  growth 
is  made  and  the  wheat  is  thin,  the  clover  may  resist 
the  heat  and  make  a  good  crop.  You  can  sow  no 
other  cro])  with  the  wheat.  Sow  about  ten  pounds 
of  7-ed  clover  seed  jjcr  acre. — Ed. 


Sick  Turi<eys. 

I  shall  be  so  glad  if  you  will  give  me,  through  the 
columns  of  September  Pi.antek  a  remedy  for  worms 
in  turkeys.  Th<'  droppings  of  my  grown  turkeys  are 
filled  with  live,  short  (from  one-eighth  to  one-quarter 
inch  long)  white  worms.  And  out  of  a  flock  of  more 
than  a  hundred  yoimrj  turkeys  T  have  but  forty-five 
left.  They  get  droopy  and  sleepy,  their  heads  turn 
very  dark  and  their  droi)pings  are  frequent  and  yel- 
low. Some  die  in  a  short  time,  while  others  linger 
one  and  two  weeks,  l)ccoming  very  weak  and 
emaciated. 

^  I  killed  and  cut  open  three  of  them.  All  their 
viscera  seemed  in  a  normal  condition,  except  the  gall 
on  the  liver,  which  was  filled  with  a  clear  white — in- 
stead 0+'  green — fluid.  It  was  clear,  like  water.  The 
small  intestines  were  literally  full  of  I'cnj  long,  flat, 
jointed  white  worms.  Pxith  young  and  ol<l  jiavc  seve- 
ral times  expelled  these  worms  during  the  night  while 
on  their  roosts.  This  caused  me  to  examine  i)articu- 
larly  for  them.  They  seem,  many  of  them,  to  be  a 
yard,  and  even  three  yards,  long.  Some  of  the  sick 
ones,  though  so  emaciated  and  weak,  have  fine  appe- 
tites. 

I  examined  the  lilind  fork  of  intestines  for  symp- 
toms of  black-head,  liut  so  far  as  my  judgment  goes 


it  was  normal,  though  perhaps  I  am  not  experienced 
enough  to  judge. 

The  turkeys  have  free  range  of  a  large  farm  upon 
which  wheat,  oats,  tobacco  and  red  clover  are  raised ; 
have  gi'it  in  abundance  and  pure  running  water ;  and, 
1  think,  are  free  from  vermin,  at  least  I  dust  them 
with  Instant  Louse  Killer  and  sprayed  their  house 
with  a  mixture  of  whitewash,  kerosene  and  carbolic 
acid.  Have  used  every  cholera  remedy  I  know,  but 
still  they  die. 

I  shall  be  so  glad  of  some  remedy  or  pi'eventative 
of  black-head,  cholera  and  worms  from  you  or  any  of 
your  readers.  Even  should  my  whole  flock  be  dead 
before  you  can  answer  this  it  may  help  some  one  else 
and  help  me  another  year.  My  turkeys  are  thorough- 
bred Bronze  from  eggs  of  prize-winning  hens  and 
gobblers  of  an  unusually  large  and  healthy  strain  of 
this  breed.  IT])to  three  weeks  ago  they  were  hearty 
and  growing  rapidly;  are  12  and  14  weeks  old — an 
age  that  is  usually  considered  safe.  I  have  regularly 
given  them  Hess'  Poultry  Panacea. 

Amherst  Co.,  Va.  Anxiety. 

We  regret  to  say  that  we  cannot  give  you  any  de- 
finite advice  as  to  the  disease  affecting  your  turkeys. 
\ye  can  find  nothing  to  help  us  in  ottr  books,  and  al- 
though we  have  had  long  practical  experience  in  the 
raising  of  turkeys  we  have  never  had  any  such  trou- 
ble. We  believe  the  worms  are  at  the  root  of  the 
trouble  and  should  use  means  to  get  rid  of  these. 
Amongst  the  vermifuges  useful  for  this  purpose  are 
male  fern  and  areca  nut,  which  you  can  get  from  the 
drugstores ;  also  turpentine.  We  would  mix  some 
turpentine  in  soft  food  and  give  each  turkey  a  good 
dose  in  the  shape  of  a  big  pill.  If  they  will  not  eat  it, 
let  them  have  empty  crops  when  this  is  fed  and  give 
no  other  food  for  twelve  hours.  The  worms  reduce 
the  vitality  of  the  birds  and  they  die  from  weakness, 
we  think. — Ed. 


Unhealthy  Cattle— "Hollow  Tail." 

T  wish  to  know  how  to  treat  unhealthy  cattle.  I 
have  a  lot  of  young  cattle  which  do  not  thrive,  al- 
though they  run  in  a  good  grass  pasture  every  day 
and  are  ])enned  in  stalls  at  night.  The  person  who 
attends  to  the  stock  thinks  the  cattle  are  afflicted  with 
what  he  calls  the  "hollow  tail."  Now,  if  there  really 
is  any  such  disease  T  would  be  ]ilensed  to  know  what 
to  do  for  it.  Clifton  Ward. 

Samp.ion  county,  N.  C. 

It  is  impossible  for  us  to  tell  you  what  to  give  your 
cattle  without  something  more  definite  as  to  the 
luiture  of  the  disease  from  which  they  are  suffering. 
It  is  absolutely  certain  that  they  are  not  suffering 
from  "iioUow  tail,"  for  there  is  no  such  disease. 
Xeitlier  'liollow  tail"  nor  "hollow  horn"  ever  make 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERlSr  PLANTER. 


565 


cattle  sick  or  are  known  to  any  veterinarian  as  dis- 
eases affecting  stock.  They  exist  only  in  the  imagina- 
tion of  ignorant  people,  who  ha\'e  no  knowledge  of 
the  anatomy  of  a  cow  or  of  the  diseases  affecting 
stock.  Possibly  your  stock,  if  you  are  in  a  tick  sec- 
tion, are  suffering  from  a  mild  attack  of  the  tick  or 
Texas  fever;  but  this  is  only  a  supposition,  as  we 
ha\-e  nothing  before  us  to  warrant  the  statement,  be- 
yond the  fact  that  you  say  they  are  young  cattle  and 
arc  all  affected.  All  young  cattle  in  a  tick  section 
suffer  some  time  before  they  are  2  years  old  from  a 
mild  form  of  tick  or  Texas  fever,  and  thereby  ac- 
quire a  partial  immunity  from  the  severe  form  of 
the  disease.  If  this  were  not  so  we  should  have  no 
cattle  left  in  those  sections.  Those  attacked  with 
the  disease  when  older  nearly  all  die  within  a  few" 
days.  If  farmers  would  only  follow  the  advice  we 
have  so  often  given  as  to  ridding  their  farms  of  ticks 
none  of  this  loss  need  be  incurred.  Wherever  thei'e 
are  ticks  Cthe  Texas-fever  tick)  there  will  be  Texas 
fever  and  loss.  Where  there  are  no  ticks  there  is  no 
fever. — Eix 


Cassava. 

I  enclose  clipping  from  a  recent  Saturday  Evening 
Post  relative  to  the  '"cassava"  or  tapioca  plant.  I 
would  be  glad  if  you  would  tell  me  something  more 
definite  about  this  as  a  suitable  plant  for  cultivation 
in  this  State.  George  S.  Baker,  Jr. 

Franl-lin  county.  N.  C. 

Cassava  is  of  no  use  to  you.  It  is  a  tropical  pro- 
duct, and  its  growth  is  stopped  by  a  light  frost,  or 
even  by  continued  cool  weather.  It  only  grows  in  a 
climate  free  from  frost  for  at  least  eight  months. 
The  only  part  of  this  country  where  it  can  be  g^o^vn 
is  Florida  and  a  narrow  strip  of  land  along  the  gulf 
coast  from  Florida  westward  to  Texas. — En. 


Salsify— Celery  Seed. 

1.  fan  salsify  be  planted  in  the  fall  to  make  a  crop 
for  the  following  year — that  is,  planted  in  fall  of 
190.3  to  make  crop"  for  winter  of  1904:-1905  ?  Isn't 
there  danger  of  its  going  to  seed  ?  If  it  can  be  grown 
so,  what  time  should  it  be  so\\ti  ?  Please  answer  in 
September  Pl^xfee. 

2.  How  old  are  celery  seed  before  they  lose  their 
vitality?  William  Daniel. 

Prince  Edward  county,  Va. 

1.  You  cannot  grow  salsify  in  the  way  suggested. 
The  best  way  to  gi'ow  salsify  in  this  climate  is  to  sow 
the  seed  in  .July  and  it  will  then  gTow  right  along  to 
maturity  instead  of  coming  to  a  stand  in  the  hot 
months,  as  it  does  when  sown  in  the  spring. 


2.  Celery  seed  does  not  lose  its  vitality  very 
quickly,  but  we  can  find  no  record  of  tests  giving  the 
longest  period  within  which  its  germinating  powers 
continue.  Even  the  new  seed  is  slow  of  germination 
under  unfavorable  conditions. — Ed. 


Plant  for  Name. 

I  have  noticed  a  kind  of  clover  (I  think  it  is  clover, 
1>ut  don't  know  what  kind)  that  has  come  up  in  little 
l);itches.  It  is  now  dead  and  seems  to  grow  only  once 
a  year.  The  jilant  is  about  fifteen  inches  high.  I 
send  you  a  little  seed  along  in  this  letter  for  you  to 
examine  and  make  a  reply  in  the  September  number 
of  the  Pl.\nter.  I  would  like  to  know  if  it  is  good 
for  anything,  or  if  any  one  raises  it. 

Joe  M.  Cheistensex. 

This  seed  is  that  of  trifolim-  arvense,  in  some  sec- 
tions called  rabbit-foot  clover  or  mouse-ear  clover. 
It  is  usually  regarded  as  a  weed,  but  is  of  some  value 
as  an  improver  of  land  and  stock  will  eat  it.  Much 
more  valuable  clovers  can  be  grown  with  the  same 
trouble  and  cost. — Ed. 


Preparation  for  Alfalfa. 

Will  you  please  advise  me  on  the  following:  I 
have  a  narrow  strip  of  ridge  land  on  my  farm  which 
I  would  like  to  get  down  in  alfalfa.  This  tract  is 
gray  loam  with  clay  subsoil.  My  idea  is  to  sow  this 
down  in  Canada  peas  this  winter,  cut  peas  for  hay, 
then  put  down  in  cow  peas,  pick  peas  and  turn  under 
the  vines.  Then  sow  again  in  Canada  peas,  harvest 
them  and  plough  land  and  work  all  summer  to  kill 
weeds,  as  vou  advise,  previous  to  sowing  alfalfa  in 
the  fall. 

Can  T  dispose  of  Canada  pea  hay  to  advantage? 
About  how  much  is  it  worth  on  the  farm  ?  Must  I 
plough  deep  for  Canada  peas,  and  are  the  vines  ex- 
ceptionally hard  to  cure? 

Do  you  think  the  rotation  I  propose  all  right  ?  If 
not.  please  advise  me  what  you  think  better  ? 

This  farm  has  been  worked  on  the  tenant  system, 
and  the  above-mentioned  land,  while  it  was  at  one 
time  in  tolerably  good  order,  will  at  present  not  pro- 
duce more  than  ten  or  fifteen  bushels  of  wheat  after 
a  crop  of  tobacco.  Of  course,  this  is  tenant's  farm- 
ing, with  no  extra  ploughing  or  fertilizing.  I  believe 
that  with  thorough  ploughing  and  subsoiling  and  a 
coating  of  lime  this  same  land  would  produce  about 
twenty  or  twenty-five  bushels  of  wheat. 

Campbell  county.  Va.  A  Subscriber. 

The  course  proposed  will  be  a  right  one  to  follow 
to  get  up  the  land.  Use  some  acid  phosphate  on  the 
Canada  pea  and  cow-pea  crops,  say,  300  pounds  to 
the  acre.  Put  the  Canada  peas  in  deep,  say,  four  or 
five  inches  cover  and  then  sow  half  a  bushel  of  oats 


566 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[September 


and  harrow  in.  These  will  help  to  hold  up  the  peas 
and  make  them  easier  to  cure.  The  crop  is  no  more 
difficult  to  cure  than  other  vine  crops.  We  do  not 
know  that  there  is  a  market  for  this  crop,  as  so  little 
of  it  is  grown  here.  Where  it  is  largely  grown  in 
the  North  it  sells  for  as  much  as  clover.  It  is  a 
most  nutritious  hay  rich  in  protein. — Ed. 


Saving  Horse  Manure. 

I  desire  to  get  some  infonnation  in  regard  to  horse 
stable  manure.  My  farm  is  about  a  mile  from  town 
and  I  keep  four,  and  sometimes  five,  horses  in  town, 
and  as  the  manure  ia  dropped  it  is  each  morning  put 
in  a  large  pile.  It  stays  in  this  pile  sometimes  for  a 
month  and  sometimes  more,  depending  upon  the  time 
of  year.  Sometimes  there  is  no  crop  just  ready  for 
it  and  it  has  to  stay  until  there  is.  I  notice  that  after 
it  has  been  in  this  heap  for  a  few  days  it  will  begin 
to  smoke,  and  when  it  is  hauled  out  has  the  appear- 
ance of  white  mould  in  it,  and,  to  all  appearances 
does  not  prove  nearly  so  beneficial  to  the  crops  as 
does  that  that  is  dropped  in  the  farm  stables  and  not 
moved  until  ready  to  go  on  the  land.  Now,  what  I 
want  to  know  is,  is  there  anything  that  can  be  done  to 
this  manure  in  the  heap  to  preserve  its  fertilizing 
properties?  If  there  is,  I  will  very  much  appreciate 
your  advice  in  the  mater.  W.  D.  Grimes. 

Beaufort  couniy,  N.  C. 

In  order  to  preserve  the  fertilizing  value  of  horse 
manure  when  stored  in  a  heap  it  should  be  sprinkled 
with  acid  phosphate  or  kainit  each  day  when  re 
moved  from  the  stable.  This  will  prevent  over-heat- 
ing, which  causes  the  white  mouldy  condition,  known 
as  "fire-fanged."  Manure  when  it  has  got  into  this 
condition  is  of  little  value  as  a  fertilizer.  If  acid 
phosphate  or  kainit  is  not  at  hand  the  heap  should  be 
watered  frequently.  The  addition  of  acid  phospliate 
or  kainit  greatly  improves  the  fertilizing  value  of 
the  manure,  as  it  lacks  both  phosphoric  acid  and  pot- 
ash in  its  natural  condition  to  balance  the  ammonia 
(nitrogen)  in  its  composition. — Ed. 


Storing  Cabbage. 

Will  some  of  your  readers  who  have  had  experience 
give  in  the  next  issue  of  the  Pi.axter  the  best  method 
of  keeping  cabbage  for  winter  use '(  .\lso  state  best 
time  for  cutting.  John  Stables. 

Dinwiddie  county,  Va. 

The  New  York  truckers  save  their  cabbage  crops 
for  the  winter  markets  by  ploughing  a  single  furrow 
from  six  to  eight  inches  deep  in  which  they  place  the 
cabbage,  heads  down,  as  closely  as  they  can  be  set. 
They  then  turn  a  furrow  over  the  heads  from  each 
side.     The  heads  should  be  fully  grown  when  put 


away.  A  better  plan  is  to  make  a  pie,  or  heap,  of  the 
cabbage  in  an  orchard  or  grove  where  there  is  some 
natural  protection.  Commence  against  a  fence  with 
a  southern  or  eastern  exposure.  Pack  the  fence  tight 
with  a  liberal  use  of  straw  or  corn  stalks,  or  both; 
against  this  set  the  cabbages  as  grown  in  the  field 
upright,  but  with  a  little  slope,  and  place  close  to- 
gether. When  the  row  is  formed  as  long  as  desired 
place  another  row  above  these,  letting  the  stalks 
come  between  the  heads  of  the  first  row  so  that  the 
heads  of  the  second  row  come  on  the  heads  of  the 
first.  Add  as  many  rows  as  needed  in  the  same  way. 
Then  cover  the  whole  with  fresh  fallen  leaves  and 
straw  to  the  depth  of  five  or  six  inches  and  put  a  little 
soil  on  these  to  keep  the  leaves  from  blowing  away. 
Waste  hay  or  short  straw  can  be  used  in  place  of  the 
leaves.  The  smaller  undeveloped  heads  should  be 
put  in  the  bottom  rows,  as  they  will  continue  to  in- 
crease in  size  during  the  winter.  Cabbage  should 
never  be  put  away  when  wet  or  frozen.  Better  store 
a  week  too  earlv  than  a  week  too  late. — Ed. 


Alfalfa— Land  Plaster. 

I  notice  in  one  of  your  articles  on  alfalfa  in 
August  number  that  you  recommend  top  dressing 
with  barn-yard  manure,  and  in  another  article  in  the 
rame  paper  you  say  that  alfalfa  is  easily  injured  by 
wet  vegetable  matter  lying  upon  the  plans.  Now,  I 
wish  to  ask: 

1.  If  there  is  danger  of  injiiring  alfalfa  by  top 
dressing  it  with  manure  containing  much  undecayed 
bedding,  such  as  straw,  chaff,  sawdust,  etc.,  applied 
in  winter  ? 

2.  Does  plaster  applied  to  clover  in  the  spring 
correct  the  acidity  in  the  soil,  or  has  it  a  contrary 
effect,  owing  to  the  large  proportion  of  sulphuric  acid 
that  it  contains  ? 

3.  Is  plaster  as  beneficial  to  alfalfa  as  it  is  to  red 
clover  ? 

4.  How  long  will  alfalfa  bacteria  remain  in  the 
soil  after  the  breaking  up  of  alfalfa  land  ? 

.5.  Are  the  nodules  produced  on  alfalfa  roots  by 
alfalfa  bacteria  as  large  as  those  produced  on  pea- 
\ine  roots  by  pea  bacteria ?  .\.  B. 

Tennessee. 

1.  The  manure  applied  as  a  top  dressing  to  alfalfa 
should  be  well  rotted  and  then  no  damage,  but  great 
good,  will  be  done.  Anything  likely  to  hold  water 
in  quantity  on  the  crowns  of  the  plants  is  liable  to 
cause  rotting  and  loss  of  the  stand. 

2.  Plaster  ("sulphate  of  lime)  will  not  have  the 
same  effect  upon  a  clover  crop  in  correcting  the 
acidity  of  the  soil  as  lime  in  the  form  of  a  carbonate 
as  in  ordinary  limestone  or  in  ovster-shell  lime.     In 


/  1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER. 


567 


an  experiment  made  by  Professor  Massey  he  dressed 
two  adjoining  fields  of  clover  each  with  the  same 
money  value  of  carbonate  of  lime  and  plaster.  They 
both  made  a  good  growth,  b\it  the  effect  of  the  freshly- 
slacked  carbonate  of  lime  was  decidedly  marked  over 
that  of  the  plaster. 

3.  Yes.  In  onr  opinion,  however,  freshly-slacked 
lime  (carbonate  of  lime)  is  more  effective  on  both 
crops  than  plaster.  Pla.ster  never  makes  a  return 
commensurate  with  its  cost,  unless  there  is  plenty  of 
potash  in  the  soil.  It  is  claimed  for  it  that  it  helps 
clover  and  the  grasses  by  absorbing  and  holding 
moisture,  and  there  may  be  something  in  this  idea, 
as  it  iindoubtedly  has  a  strong  affinity  for  moisture, 
but  we  regard  it  as  infinitely  less  valuable  as  an  im- 
prover of  crops  and  the  condition  of  the  soil  than 
freshly-slacked  limestone  or  shell  lime. 

4.  We  are  unable  to  say.  We  should  not  expect 
them  to  persist  long  in  the  absence  of  the  plant,  of 
which  they  are  the  specific  microbe. 

5.  INo.  They  are  like  those  on  red  clover — very 
small,  but  numerous. — Ed. 


Alfalfa— Mulching  Potatoes. 

1.  When  is  the  proper  time  to  sow  alfalfa? 

2.  On  page  448  it  is  advised  to  mulch  potatoes. 
Should  they  be  cultivated  and  then  mulched  ?  How 
deep  should  the  mulch  be  ? 

Surry  county,   Va.  ]S''ew   Subscribek. 

1.  Sow  alfalfa  in  August  and  September  in  your 
section;  in  April  and  ifay  in  the  west  of  the  State. 

2.  Yes.     Mulch  four  or  six  inches  deep. — Ed. 


Rlng-Bone— Fleas. 

Will  you,  or  some  of  tlie  readers  of  the  Pi.antek, 
tell  me  if  there  is  any  remedy  or  cure  for  ring-bone  ? 
I  have  a  fine  saddle  horse  that  went  lame  last  winter 
in  his  riglit  fore  foot.  We  tJiought  for  a-  while  it 
might  be  the  shoe,  but  have  found  out  since  that  it 
is  ring-bone  forming  on  his  foot.  I  have  heard  that 
there  is  no  cure,  but  would  like  to  hear  what  you 
have  to  say  on  the  subject. 

I  would  also  like  to  know  if  there  is  any  way  to 
get  rid  of  fleas.  I  ncA'er  saw  such  a  quantity  as  we 
have  this  year,  and  all  of  my  neighbors  make  the 
same  complaint.  They  are  all  over  the  house — from 
garret  to  cellar.  There  is  no  rest  for  them,  day  or 
night.  Subscriber. 

Wythe  county,  Va. 

With  a  ease  of  ring-bone  so  long  established  as  this 
one  appears  to  have  been  there  is  little  hope  of  suc- 
cessful treatment.  If  taken  in  hand  when  first  form- 
ing, vigorous  treatment  by  blistering  and  the  firing- 
iron  sometimes  arrests  the  disease.    Firing  might  be 


tried.  If  this  does  not  give  relief  nothing  will.  The 
disease  is  usually  regarded  as  an  hereditary  one,  and, 
therefore,  no  horse  affected  with  it  should  be  used 
for  breeding  purposes.  The  lameness  caused  may  be 
much  relieved  by  proper  shoeing.  If  the  horse  steps 
on  the  toe  of  the  foot  first  high  caulks  should  be  used 
on  the  heel  and  vice  versa  if  he  steps  on  the  heel  first. 
Tobacco  dust  has  been  suggested  as  a  repellant  of 
fleas  from,  houses.  Tarred  paper  used  on  the  walls 
is  also  said  to  be  effective  in  keeping  them  out  of 
houses.  They  are  a  difficult  problem  to  solve  where- 
ever  animals  are  kept  about  a  house. — Ed. 


Melilotus  Alba. 

I  enclose  a  sprig  and  seed  from  a  rank-growing 
plant  that  I  take  to  be  the  melilotus  alba,  mentioned 
in  your  last  -July  number,  page  444. 

T  know  of  no  one  cultivating  it,  but  have  heard  that 
it  is  not  only  a  great  improver  of  the  soil,  but  that 
it  is  splendid  forage  for  all  kinds  of  stock.  I  notice, 
though,  that  your  article  states  "it  is  not  generally 
liked  by  stock." 

I  would  be  glad  to  know  what  experience  has  been 
had  with  it  in  Virginia,  and  especially  whether  it  is 
difficult  to  be  gotten  rid  of.  J.  S.  D. 

Oamphell  county^  Va. 

The  specimen  reached  us  in  such  a  condition  that 
we  are  not  able  to  say  positively  that  it  is  melilotus, 
but  probably  this  is  so.  We  are  not  aware  that  this 
plant  has  anywhere  in  Virginia  been  grown  as  a  crop. 
It  flourishes  here  in  many  sections  as  a  weed,  but  our 
information  from  many  parties  is  that  stock  do  not 
eat  it  when  they  can  get  anything  else.  It  is,  no 
doubt,  an  improver  of  the  land,  and  for  that  pur- 
pose has,  we  understand,  been  grown  in  some  of  the 
States  further  South. — Ed. 


Sod  for  Chickens— Milk  Fever. 

Please  tell  me  the  best  mixture  of  grass  for  a 
chicken  lot,  soil  a  red,  stiff  clay  hill.  How  would 
red  clover  and  orchard  grass  do  for  grazing  hens  and 
a  sod  of  Kentucky  bluegrass  and  white  clover  do  for 
young  chicks  ?  I  want  a  good  sod  and  a  pasture  for 
hens — something  that  would  be  conducive  toward 
laying.  How  would  it  do  to  sow  turnip  seed  with 
orchard  grass  and  clover,  or  would  mustard  be  bet- 
ter? Are  those  pungent  herbs,  like  mustard  and 
pepper  grass,  valuable  as  egg  producers  ? 

T  forgot  to  say  that  the  two  chicken  lots  I  wish  to 
sod  are  set  in  young  fruit  trees,  and  while  I  want 
something  for  the  hens  do  not  wish  to  injure  the  trees. 

What  is  the  Schmidt  treatment  which  is  said  to  be 
a  .«ure  cure  for  cows  with  milk  fever? 

Amherst  county,  Va.        Amherst  Subscriber. 

A  young  orchard  should  not  be  put  down  into  per- 


563 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[September 


maiieut  grass  if  tlie  l)cst  interest  of  the  trees  is  to  be 
eonsideret].  The  orchard  shonhl  be  seeded  do^vii  with 
crimson  clover  in  Jnly,  and  this  should  remain  dur- 
ing winter  and  tiien  l)e  ploughed  tlo^\^^  in  the  spring 
and  the  orchard  be  kept  woi-ked  until  July  and  then 
l)e  seeded  again  with  the  clover.  It  might, 
after  the  second  year,  be  ])ut  into  grass  for 
a  cou]ile  of  years  without  injury.  A  mix- 
ture of  orchard  grass,  tall  meadow  oat  grass,  red  top 
and  meadow  fescue  should  be  sowed  and  two  or  three 
pounds  of  red  clover  be  seeded  per  acre  with  the 
grass.  The  best  pasture  for  hens  is  a  clover  pasture, 
as  clover  is  rich  in  protein,  which  is  needed  for  egg 
production.  Miistard  and  pepper  gi-ass  are  of  no 
value  as  feeds.  A  little  red  pej)per  mixed  in  the  feed 
in  winter  is  good  for  them. 

The  Schmidt  treatment  for  milk  fever  is  the  injec- 
tion of  iodide  of  potassium  into  the  udder  by  way 
of  the  teats.  It  has  been  found  to  be  remarkably 
successful  in  practice.- — En. 

Hogs  with  Toothache— Milking  Cows. 

1.  I  wi'ite  til  ank  wliethcr  or  not  tlK-rc  is  any  such 
tiling  as  hogs  having  tlie  toothache  (  I  had  a  sow  to 
give  l)irth  to  nine  pigs  on  the  20th  of  May,  and  at  the 
time  of  birth,  or  a  few  days  afterwards,  T  noticed 
something  like  sores  on  the  little  fellows.  T  at  once 
got  some  creolin  and  began  work  on  them.  I  have 
five  out  of  the  litter,  and  all  but  one  apparently  have 
done  well.  Thinking  for  a  time  it  was  due  to  the 
attack  of  the  disease,  I  ])aid  no  further  attention, 
until  a  few  days  ago  I  picked  the  one  u])  that  seemed 
to  be  stunted,  and  found  on  examination  two  teeth 
covered  with  a  lilack  coating,  or  what  is  termed  black 
(tooth)  teeth.     Will  it  be  well  to  pull  them  '. 

2.  I  would  like  also  to  get  some  information  on  the 
question  as  to  how  long  a  cow  should  lx>  milked,  and 
the  use  of  her  milk  before  calving '.  I  have  handled 
cows  for  a  nundier  of  years,  and  in  a  good  nmuber  of 
cases  T  did  not  know  jnsi  when  the  cows  would  calf, 
and  used  the  milk  up  to  the  very  day  without  noticing 
any  difference.  I  understand  a  cow  should  be  rested 
for  at  least  two  weeks.  But  according  to  an  argu- 
ment held  by  an  ex])erienced  farmer,  he  claims  that 
even  while  the  cow  is  pregnant  her  milk  is  not  fit  for 
u.se,  as  her  whole  system  is  out  of  order.  T  saw 
nothing  to  sustain  him  in  saying  so.  Yet  I  would 
like  information  on  the  subject,  as  there  possibly  are 
others  who  think  as  this  man.  "\'ou  remember  in 
this  case  the  milk  is  not  fit  for  use  from  time  of  preg- 
nation.  0.  J.  R.  Hoi.combf.. 

Rnleifjh,  N.  C. 

1.  It  is  generally  understood  that  all  animals  suf- 
fer, like  man,  from  toothache,  but  whether  pigs  are 
more  subject  to  it  than  othei-s  we  do  not  know.      The 


so-called  disease  of  "Black  tooth"  in  pigs  is  like 
"TIollow  horn"  and  "Hollow  tail"  in  cattle,  a  myth 
n"kno^\^l  to  the  veterinarian.  If  the  teeth  turn  black 
it  is  a  rrsiilf  of  disease  elsewhere,  and  not  a  cause 
of  it.  The  pulling  of  the  teeth  will  not  cure  the  dis- 
ease. Probably  what  the  pig  ails  is  some  disease  of 
the  digestive  system.  Give  some  sulphur  in  the  food 
to  cool  the  animal  and  purify  the  blood. 

2.  A  cow  should  be  milked  until  within  six  weeks 
of  calving  again  if  her  character  as  a  persistent 
milk  yielder  is  to  be  made  or  maintained.  It  is 
rifliculous  to  maintain  that  a  cow's  milk  should  never 
be  used  when  the  cow  is  pregnant.  If  this  rule  were 
acted  upon  then  no  cow  could  be  kept  profitably.  A 
milk  cow  to  be  a  profitable  cow  should  bring  a  calf 
every  year,  and  should  yield  milk  ten  months  out  of 
the  twelve,  and  even  then  to  make  a  profit  on  the  cost 
of  her  keep  should  give  at  least  an  average  of  ovei» 
."),000  pounds  of  milk  in  the  year.  Many  of  the  best 
cows  give  nearly  twice  this  weight  of  milk  in  the 
year,  and  some  excejitional  ones  have  given  three 
times  that  weight.  The  milk  is  perfectly  wholesome 
and  good  even  if  used  right  up  to  the  time  of  the  cow 
calving  again,  but  a  cow  milked  throiigh  in  this  way 
never  makes  so  good  a  return  as  if  given  a  month  or 
t^yo  of  rest  before  each  calving,  and  will  age  and  break 
down  sooner  than  one  periodically  rested.  There 
arc,  however,  many  good  cows  that  milk  through  from 
calving  to  calving  again,  but  in  our  own  practice  we 
always  insisted  upon  a  month  or  two  of  rest  just  be- 
fore calving,  and  found  the  results  warranted  this. 
The  only  time  when  a  cow's  milk  is  not  good  to  use 
is  immediately  after  calving.  For  the  first  three  or 
four  days  after  calving  she  will  give  milk  of  a  thick 
enstard-like  character.  This  is  called  ''colosiruin," 
and  is  caiisod  by  the  breaking  down  of  the  fat  glob- 
ules in  the  udder.  This  milk  is  valuable  for  the  calf, 
being  nature's  remedy  for  cleaning  out  the  bowels, 
but  is  not  good  for  man,  though  it  is  often  used  for 
custard  making. — En. 


Damages  for  Service  by  Scrub  Bull. 

.\  has  a  hunch  of  registered  heifers  in  his  field. 
B's  Scrub  bull  gets  in  with  .them,  and  nine  months 
from  the  date  four  of  A's  heifers  have  calves. 
Can  A  recover  damages  from  B,  and  if  so,  on  what 
ground  '.  J.  L.  H. 

Alhemnrle  Co.,  Va. 

Yes.  We  are  of  opinion  that  he  can  recover  on 
the  ground  of  the  loss  sustained  by  the  production  of 
scrub  calves  instead  of  pure  bred  ones.  This  point 
has  been  raised  and  decided,  we  think,  in  the  West. 
We  will  try  to  find  particulars  of  the  case. — En. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN^  PLANTER. 


569 


Trucking,  Garden  and  Orchard. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH. 

The  liarvestino-,  storing  and  shipping  of  the  pro- 
ducts of  the  tniek  patches,  garden  and  orchard  should 
receive  constant  attention  as  the  crops  mature.  Do 
not  allow  fruit  to  remain  on  the  trees  until  it 
drops  from  over-ripeness,  nor  roots  to  remain  in  the 
ground  long  after  they  have  mat\ired.  In  both  cases 
the  ])roducts  will  be  injured.  In  handling  the 
jDroducts.  whether  for  storage  or  shipment,  see 
that  no  damaged  or  specked  fruit  or  roots  are  p\it 
away  for  winter  use  or  shipped.  Let  all  these  be 
carefiilly  culled  out  and  be  used  or  fed  to  stock  at 
once.  If  they  go  into  storage  they  will  only  set  up 
rotting  in  the  sound  products,  and  thus  cause  disap- 
pointment when  opened  for  use,  and  if  shipped,  they 
will  materially  injure  the  price  received.  All  fruit 
and  root  crops  pass  throiigh  a  "sweat"  or  heating 
after  they  are  gathered.  They  should  not  be  stored 
until  after  this  has  subsided.  Put  them  into  small 
piles  in  a  dry  shed,  or  if  the  quantity  is  too  large  for 
this,  put  up  in  piles  in  the  field  or  orchard  and  cover 
with  straw  and  boards  to  keep  out  rain  until  the 
"sweat"  is  over.  Then  resort  and  store  or  ship. 
Pruit  keeps  best  stoi'ed  in  a  dry,  airy  room  on  slatted 
shelves  or  in  ventilated  bins  or  boxes.  Roots,  ex- 
cept sweet  potatoes,  are  best  stored  in  a  cool,  dry 
cellar,  or  in  piles  made  in  the  field.  These  piles 
should  be  made  on  high,  dry  land,  and  be  so  placed 
as  that  all  water  falling  on  them  will  at  once  drain 
away.  Cover  with  straw  to  the  depth  of  six  inches, 
and  then  with  soil.  Sweet  potatoes  should  be  stored 
in  a  house  specially  built  for  their  storage,  or  in  a 
dry,  frost-proof  cellar,  where  the  temperature  can  be 
kept  at  an  equable  one  of  about  4-0  degrees  at  all 
times  by  means  of  ventilation  in  warm  weather,  and 
by  a  stove  in  hard  frost.  In  these  cellars  or  houses 
they  shoiild  be  stored  in  slatted  boxes,  and  when  first 
put  in  the  temperature  should  be  raised  to  60  or  70 
degrees  to  cause  them  quickly  to  sweat  and  then  to 
dry  off  the  moisture  rapidly.  Onions  should  be 
pulled  as  they  mature  and  be  left  in  the  field  until 
the  tops  are  dried,  and  then  the  tops  be  cut  off  and  the 
bulbs  be  stored  in  a  cool,  drv  room  on  slatted  shelves. 


Prepare  the  land  for  and  sow  the  seed  of  the  winter 
cabbage  crop.  The  plants  should  be  raised  so  that 
they  will  be  ready  for  setting  out  in  November.  The 
Early  Jersey  Wakefield  is  the  best  variety  for  this 
crop. 


Land  should  he  got  ready  for  the  planting  out  of 
fall  cabbages  and  broccoli,  and  the  plants  be  set  out 
as  soon'  as  possible.  These  \vill  make  good  heads  in 
the  late  fall. 


Sow  the  seed  of  kale  and  spinach  where  the  crop  is 
to  mature.  The  land  should  be  well  worked,  but  not 
be  made  over  rich,  as  this  has  a  tendency  to  make  the 
tilants  too  tender  to  stand  the  winter. 


Potato  onion  sets  should  be  planted  during  this 
month.  Put  them  in  rows  18  inches  apart,  so  as  to 
allow  room  for  ^vorking,  and  set  the  bulbs  6  or  8 
inches  apart. 


Lettuce  seed  may  be  sown  this  month  for  plants  to 
set  out  in  the  following  months  in  beds  and  in  cold 
frames  for  the  winter  and  early  spring  crop. 


Clean  up  .nnd  burn  all  trash  and  waste  where  crops 
have  been  harvested,  and  thus  get  rid  of  insect  and 
fungoid  pests. 


Land  not  needed  for  other  crops  should  be  worked 
and  sown  with  crimson  clover  or  vetches  to  conserve 
and  add  to  it?  fertilitv. 


APPLE  DISEASES. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

I  note  in  your  issue  of  August,  that  "W.  M."  asks 
question.?  concerning  the  nomenclature  of  certain 
fungi.  While  I  have  not  seen  the  publication  to 
which  he  refers,  I  presume  he  has  quoted  the  names 
given  correctly.  If  so,  the  Latin  names  used  do 
not  apply  to  the  disease  for  which  the  treatment  is 
recommended.  The  name,  "Schlerotinia  fructigena," 
as  used,  could  have  no  reference  whatever  to  the 
disease  of  apples  mentioned,  but  possibly  may  refer 
to  the  brown  rot  of  peach  and  other  stone  fruits. 
Naturally,  I  am  unable  to  say  what  the  author  had 
in  mind  when  using  this  term. 

The  name  "Dentriticum  fucicladium"  doubtless 
refers  to  the  common  apple  scab.  If  so,  the  Latin 
name  for  this  fungus  commonly  used,  is  "Fuscicla- 
dium  dendriticum."  This  disease  of  the  apple  is  so  well 
known  that  it  hardly  needs  description,  as  the  scab, 
and  the  consequent  cracking  of  the  fruit,  which  result 
from  it,  are  known  to  every  oi-chardist.  The  fruit 
never  rots  from  the  attack  of  this  funsrus. 


570 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


September 


The  Brown  rot,  to  whicli  refereuce  is  made  in 
this  article  as  oociirring  upon  the  apple,  may  possibly 
be  the  "Bitter  rot."  The  description  of  the  appear- 
ance of  the  sori,  or  diseased  spots  on  the  fruit,  lead- 
one  to  believe  that  the  writer  had  this  trouble  in 
mind.  Most  orchardists  are  quite  familiar  with  the 
appearance  of  "Bitter  rot"  on  the  fruit,  and  know  that 
the  little  pustules  in  which  the  spores  are  borne  oc- 
cur in  concentric  rings  around  the  point  where  the 
attack  first  began.  The  Bitter  rot  can  best  be  treat- 
ed by  the  careful  use  of  Bordeaux  mixture,  after  the 
manner  we  have  recommended  in  o\ir  bulletins.  Sec 
Bulletin  100.  The  spray  recommended  in  this  arti- 
cle would  be  a  very  drastic  treatment,  and  far  more 
expensive  than  is  necessary.  Our  recommendation?. 
of  two  pounds  copper  sulphate  to  twenty-five  salloii-- 
of  water  will  be  equally  as  effective  in  destroying 
the  «-inter  stages  of  these  fungi  and  much  cheaper 
and  safer  to  apply  to  the  plants. 

W.  ^r.  is  certainly  right  in  saying  that  many  fun- 
gous attacks  are  placed  to  the  credit  of  seasonal  con- 
ditions. My  experience  leads  me  to  say  that  careful 
spraying  of  our  orchards  with  right  substances,  at  t'  < 
proper  time,  will  help  remarkably  in  making  tliMi 
fruitful.  Climatic  conditions  certainly  play  an  im- 
portant part,  but  our  unseen  foes  play  a  still  greater 
part  in  the  unfriiitfulness  of  our  orchards. 

Wm.  B.  Ai.wood,  Mycoloqisf. 

Experiment  Station,  Blacksburg,  Va. 


THE  PRESENT  AND  FUTURE  OF  STRAWBERRY 
GROWING  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

The  possibilities  of  strawberry  growing  in  East 
em  North  r'arolina  far  surpasses  those  of  any  other 
part  of  the  United  States,  if  not  of  the  world.  These 
possibilities  are  the  result  of  natural  conditions  and 
are  eternal.  When  Nature's  hand  dug  the  Atlantic's 
bed  and  piled  up  parallel  thereto  the  great  Appala- 
chian chain  the  work  was  begun.  "Wlien  by  wave  ac- 
tion and  attrition  she  bordered  this  belt  with  a  liberal 
fringe  of  flat  alluvial  soil  and  threw  forward  on  its 
northward  swing  the  warmth-bearing  current  of  the 
Gulf  stream,  her  part  of  the  work  was  complete.  She 
liad  not  only  made  the  ideal  soil  for  tlie  strawberrv, 
which  revels  in  humus,  but  she  had  by  j)lacing  the 
sea  on  one  hand  and  at  just  the  right  inten-al  the 
mountains,  made  severe  drought — especially  at  the 
season  when  this  fruit,  which  is  95  per  cent,  water, 
ripens — practically  impossible. 

When  a  little  later,  geologically  speaking,  civilized 
man — which,  after  all,  means  eating  man — came  and 
huddled  in  cities  to  the  northward,  and  wrought 
himself  up  into  such  a  rush  and  stew  that  his  feverish 
blood  must  necessarily  be  acid  cooled,  opportunity 


was  ripe  for  such  parts  of  this  region  as  has  facilities 
of  transportation. 

Although  this  favored  strawberry  and  general 
trucking  belt  extends  in  varying  width  from  Norfolk 
down  tlirough  North  Carolina  and  far  to  the  south- 
ward, undoubtedly  the  most  .suitable  part  of  it  for 
growing  the  strawberry  on  a  vast  commercial  scale 
lies  in  this  State.  The  reason  for  this  is  that  this 
fruit  ripens  here  at  just  the  time  when  the  weather 
at  the  North  grows  spring-like  enough  to  create  an 
immense  demand  for  it,  but  still  too  early  to  meet 
with  serious  competition  from  other  soiirces  of  sup- 
ply. Either  an  earlier  or  later  ripening  season  would 
not  be  near  so  good.  Florida  ripens  berries  a  great 
deal  earlier,  but  the  demand  is  then  limited,  and  if 
the  millions  of  quarts  of  berries  which  we  raise  were 
thrown  on  the  market  at  that  season  they  simjdy 
could  not  be  sold  at  all,  and  we  should  have  to  cut 
down  our  supply  to  fit  the  moderate  demand. 

As  it  is,  we  may  safely  grow  all  the  good  berries 
that  we  can  pick  and  ship  in  proper  condition.  The 
comparative  narrowness  of  the  trucking  belt  will 
forever  prevent  the  great  glut  of  strawberries,  even 
now  so  often  occurring  in  the  West.  And  the  moun- 
tains will  doubtless  always  remain  barrier  sufficient 
to  prevent  an  influx  of  enough  western  berries  to  glut 
our  ever-growing  eastern  market. 

The  West  can  grow  more  berries  to  the  acre  than 
we  can,  provided  drought  neither  destroys  the  plants 
the  summer  before  nor  the  berries  during  fruiting 
time.  But  throTigh  most  of  the  strawberry  regions  of 
tI.o  West  drought  is  a  foe  ever  to  be  reckoned  with. 

Even  under  the  most  favorable  weather  conditions 
the  western  growers  are  far  less  favorably  situated 
than  ours  of  North  Carolina.  The  region  is  so 
broad,  ripening  and  throwing  on  the  market  so  many 
berries  at  the  same  time,  that  prices  are.  and  must 
forever,  as  a  rule,  remain,  lower  than  with  us.  It 
might  be  argued  that  the  increase  and  gro\vth  of  large 
cities  in  the  West  would  gradually  equalize  supply 
aT'd  demand  there,  as  has  been  the  case  here.  But 
here  the  sea  is  a  great  factor  .As  long  as  trans- 
Atlantic  commerce  lasts — not  to  speak  of  the  manner 
of  gadding  the  earth — just  so  long  will  the  sea- 
port cities  outgrow  and  outbuy  those  inland.  The 
result  of  the.=e  conditions,  I  repeat,  must  ever  be  to 
make  strawberry  growing  and  trucking  generally 
more  profitable  in  the  East  than  in  the  West. 

But  enough  as  to  possibilities.  It  is  good  to  know 
their  extent  so  that  we  may  not  fail  in  enterprise 
and  energy  to  avail  ourselves  of  them.  It  is  none 
the  less  essential  that  we  know  the  danger  and  draw- 
backs in  order  that  we  may,  if  possible,  avoid  them. 
This  danger,  while  two-fold,  seems  to  arise  largely 
froni  the  same  source.  There  is  a  deterioration  of 
quality  through  carelessness  in  cultivating  the  plants 
and  in  picking  and  handling  the  crop ;  and  a  serious 


l'J03.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


571 


curtailment  of  the  crop  through  disease  and  the 
ravages  of  weevil  and  insect  pests.  As  above  stated, 
these  troubles  arise  largely  from  the  same  source— 
from  over-cropping  and  the  lack  of  rotation. 

<;)ver-cropping,  the  growing  of  a  larger  acreage 
than  is  justified  by  the  quantity  of  land  at  one's 
disposal,  necessarily  prevents  rotation,  which  is  more 
essential  with  the  strawberry  than  perhaps  any  crop 
that  grows.  A  man  begins  by  putting,  say,  one-tenth 
of  his  land  suitable  for  strawberries  in  that  crop. 
He  clears  $^0f\  $200,  or  perhaps  a  great  deal  more, 
an  acre.  He  rapidly  increases  his  acreage  with  more 
or  less  success  till  either  all  of  his  available  land  is 
in  strawberries,  or  so  near  all  of  it  that  rotation  is 
impossible.  Consequently  the  same  lots  or  fields  are 
kept  in  strawberries  year  after  year,  or  perhaps 
plourhed  u]>  and  given  one  im])roving  crop  of  cow 
peas  or  some  kind  of  soiling  or  summer  crop  and  then 
hurried  back  into  strawberries  again. 

In  a  few  years  there  comes  a  change.  The  plants 
lose  their  old-time  color  and  vigor.  The  berries,  de- 
spite better  ciiltivation  and  manuring  than  ever, 
won't  "size  up."  It  is  harder  to  get  them  picked,  be- 
cause picking  is  more  tedious. 

Not  all  his  big  plans  and  air  castles  can  refute  the 
stern  logic  of  facts,  or  of  checks,  which  are  the  same 
thing.  For  every  year  his  checks,  his  returns,  grow 
smaller  per  acre.  He  blames  the  weather  the  rail- 
roads, the  commission  men,  the  trusts,  the  amend- 
ment— everything  but  the  right  thing. 

The  truth  is  that  his  land  has,  to  use  a  slangy,  but 
expressive  term,  simply  '"bei-ried  out,"  or  become 
"berry  sick,"  and  its  owner,  unless  he  can  change  his 
methods  radically,  is  on  the  high  road  to  bankruptcy. 
One  evil  begets  another  evil.  His  unrotated  fields 
and  feeble  plants  become  an  inviting  harbor  of  all 
pests  and  diseases.  Thus  the  two  evils  have  practi- 
cally the  same  source.  And  it  is  hard  to  exaggerate 
in  words  tbo  insidious  power  for  harm  of  either  of 
these  evils. 

The  glib  paradox  that  half  is  more  than  the  whole, 
becomes  a  fact  when  applied  to  strawberry  acreage. 
Better  in  the  long  run  one  acre  properly  rotated  than 
two,  three,  nay,  than  five,  kept  to  dwindle  on  soil 
that  protests  in  so  many  ways  against  such  unwis- 
dom. And  with  proper  rotation  would  come  natural- 
ly many  better  things — smaller  acreage,  better  culti- 
vation, better  manuring,  better  picking,  better  pack- 
ing and  better  profits.  The  diseases  and  insect  pests 
that  attack  the  strawberry  plants  have  not  yet  proven 
quite  as  harmful  as  those  the  general  fruit  gi-ower 
has  to  contend  with,  though  in  the  aphis  and  the 
weevil  we  see  evils  which  will  be  great  or  small  in 
proportion  to  the  intelligence  and  perseverance  with 
which  they  are  met  and  combatted. 

Owing  to  the  nature  of  the  strawberry  plant  it  is 
hard  to  successfully  combat  either  disease  or  pests 


on  it.  It  grows  so  low,  amid  clods  and  trash,  that 
spraying  cannot  be  as  thorough  and  effective  as  with 
fruit  trees,  whose  every  leaf  and  limb  can  be  covered 
bottom  and  top.  Mr.  Sherman,  o\ir  zealous  and 
efficient  State  Entomologist,  can  be  safely  relied  on 
to  lend  all  possible  aid  to  the  growers  in  their  battle 
with  pests.  He  will  at  the  same  time  inform  them 
of  the  difficulties  to  which  I  have  alluded. 

Twenty-eight  years'  experience  in  strawberry 
growing  has  convinced  me  that  these  pests  and  dis- 
eases, like  the  devil,  can  best  be  foxight  with  fire. 
Burn  them  up.  But  how  burn  pests  and  diseases 
and  spare  plants  ?  It  can  be  done,  and  we  find  the 
material  right  at  hand,  and  at  just  the  proper  time 
to  do  it.  As  soon  as  the  crop  is  gathered  mow  the 
plants  as  closely  as  possible.  Let  the  mowed  plants 
dry  for  a  day  or  two.  Then  on  a  dry,  breezy  day 
loosen  up  the  straw  mulch  and  set  fire  to  the  field 
along  its  windward  side.  It  will  burn  quickly  over, 
leaving  the  field  as  clean  as  a  floor.  Not  a  vestige 
of  trash  or  plant  will  be  left.  Diseases,  pests  and 
weed  must  then  be  at  least  largely  destroyed. 

In  a  few  days  a  clean  growth  of  vivid  green  foliage 
will  appear,  and  in  a  week  or  two  it  will  be  h.ird  to 
tell  that  fire  ever  swept  over  the  field.  I  have  never 
kno'wn  a  plant  killed  by  the  bitrning,  though  with 
an  excessivelv  heavy  mulch  and  a  very  still  day  it 
might  be  possible  to  do  harm,  but  it  is  most  unlikely. 

Cultivation  should,  of  course,  begin  as  soon  as  the 
burning  is  done.  If  spraying  is  to  be  done  it  would 
probably  be  best  to  begin  with  the  stub  immediately 
after  the  burning. 

Burning  cannot,  of  course,  eradicate  the  aphis  or 
root  louse.  Proper  and  timely  care  can  destroy  them 
by  digging  ujj  and  burning  the  infested  plants  (which 
are  apt  to  be  onlv  a  few  at  first),  and  by  a  long  rota- 
tion of  that  field  in  other  crops.  Of  coui-se,  every 
care  must  be  used  to  prevent  bringing  in  disease  or 
pests  on  plants  obtained  elsewhere. 

Lack  of  time  has  prevented  my  dwelling  on  modes 
of  culture  and  manuring  in  this  paper.  I  thought" 
it  best  to  devote  the  time  I  had  to  what  I  considered 
more  vital  questions.  I  will  add  that  no  field  should 
be  kept  in  berries  for  more  than  two  years  in  suc- 
cession and  that  it  .should  be  rotated  for  not  less  than 
three  years  in  cow  peas  or  some  trucking  crop.  Of 
course,  cow  peas  would  be  best,  and  by  saving  both 
the  peas  and  the  vines  for  forage,  the  land  can  be 
made  to  yield  a  profit  on  peas. 

Vance  county,  N.  C.  .  0.  W.  Blacknali.. 


SPRAYING  PLUMS  IN  VIRGINIA. 
Notes  on  Varieties. 

The  production  of  plums  is  yearly  becoming  more 
important  in  this  State.  .\11  of  the  natives  and 
many  varieties  of  the  Japanese  group  are  quite  hardy 
and  productive  in  this  climate,   while  varieties  of 


572 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLAXTEE. 


[September 


the  Bomestica  class  succeed  well  when  protected 
from  fnn£cons  diseases.  In  the  Station  orchard  leaf 
diseases  (chiefiv  Cylindros  pvriitm  padi)  and  the 
brown  rot  (Sderotinia  fi-iicti(jench}  are  so  common 
and  difficult  to  '^ontrol-  on  tbe  Domestica  varieties 
that  unless  thoroujrh  and  persistent  spraying  is  prac- 
ticed the  trees  soon  snccumb  to  these  troubles.  Cer- 
tain hardv  varieties  like  Lombard  are  able  to  survive 
despite  the  presence  of  disease,  but  all  of  the  l>est 
table  varieties  are  much  weakened  and  finally  de- 
stroyed unless  most  carefully  sprayed.  Yet  even 
when  the  most  thorough  spraying  is  practiced  it 
seems  next  to  impossible  to  control  the  bro\vn  rot  so 
as  to  secure  a  crop  of  fruit  in  the  unfavorable  seasons. 
It  has  been  a  common  practice  in  the  Station  or- 
chards to  commence  spraying  for  these  diseases  very 
early  in  the  season.  We  first  give  a  winter  treat- 
ment with  bhiestone  solution  made  by  using  two 
pounds  bhiestone  to  fifty  gallons  of  water.  This  is 
applied  during  the  dorman*:  season  and  is  followed 
bv  an  a]iiilicatioii  of  Eordeaiix  mixture  (4-5-50) 
about  the  time  the  buds  begin  to  swell.  The  above 
treatments  are  supplemented  by  later  sprayings  with 
Bordeaux^  mixture,  the  number  of  applications  de- 
pending upon  weather  conditions.  Ordinarily  we 
spray  five  or  six  times,  including  the  above  applica- 
tions. This  course  of  treatment  has  been  adopted 
here  after  considerable  experience  and  observation. 
In  order  to  determine  more  definitely  the  limits  of 
necessary  tratment  for  these  diseases,  cei'tain  modifi- 
cations were  made  in  treating  a  number  of  trees  dur- 
Vng  the  season  of  1001.  The  season  of  1901  was 
-  'especially  favorable  to  the  growth  of  fungous  para- 
sites, and  the  applications  were  consequently  ex- 
tended beyond  our  usual  custom.  One  tree  each  of 
Imperial,  Lombard  and  Reine  Claude  were  given 
only  the  first  two  treatments  mentioned  above — viz., 
with  bhiestone  on  '^^arch  13tb,  and  Bordeaux  mix- 
ture on  April  27th.  One  tree  each  of  Imperial  and 
Lombard  were  given  the  first  two  applications,  skip- 
ped at  the  third  and  fourth  applications,  but  sprayed 
May  24th,  June  7th,  July  17th  and  August  1st  with 
Bordeaux  mixture.  One  tree  each  of  the  above  va- 
rieties were  given  eight  consecutive  applications,  be- 
ginning with  the  bhiestone.  while  still  dorm.ant,  and 
ending  with  the  treatment  of  August  1st. 

But  slight  difference  was  shown  between  the  trees 
that  did  not  receive  the  third  and  fourth  treatment 
and  those  that  were  given  the  full  number  of 
applications.  The  results  are  more  marked  in  case 
of  the  trees  that  were  neglected  after  the  third  and 
fourth  applications.  Especially  is  this  true  with 
respect  to  conditions  of  the  foliage  and  general  vigor 
of  the  tree.  While  Lombard  was  able  to  carry  its 
foliage  well  into  the  fall  under  this  conditiou  of  neg- 
lect, the  two  unsprayed  Imperials,  one  receiving  two 
applications    and   the    other   four,    suffered    sreatlv 


from  leaf  diseases  and  dropped  their  foliage  quite 
earlv.  At  the  very  end  of  the  growing  season,  the 
la>t'weck  in  September,  the  four  trees  (unsprayed) 
of  Imperial  attempted  to  put  out  new  foliage,  thus 
further  accentuating  their  weakened  condition.  The 
Kfine  Claude,  which  received  only  two  applications, 
suffered  greatly  also,  and  was  quite  bare  of  foliage 
l>efore  the  close  of  the  summer,  while  the  sprayed  tree 
carried  a  dense  foliage  late  in  the  season.  The  un- 
treated trees  of  the  three  varieties  bore  a  fair  crop  of 
fruit,  which  was  almost  as  free  from  brown  rot  as 
that  of  the  sprayed  trees,  but  on  account  of  loss  of 
foliage  it  failed  to  mature,  never  reaching  over  two- 
thirds  normal  size,  and  later  shrivelled  to  such  an 
extent  as  to  render  it  entirely  worthless. 

All  of  the  trees  which  received  only  the  two  first 
applications,  with  the  exception  of  Lombard,  drop- 
ped their  foliage  three  to  six  weeks  in  advance  of  the 
sprayed  trees.  Furthermore,  they  made  but  little 
wood  growth,  and  failed  to  mature  a  crop  of  bloom 
buds  for  the  following  year.  The  results  the  follow- 
ing spring  were  quite  striking:  even  the  Lombards, 
which  received  but  two  applications,  and  had  thus 
far  apparently  suffered  but  little  from  lack  of  treat- 
ment, showed  quite  plainly  that  they  were  weaker 
than  the  other  trees.  The  treated  trees  of  this  va- 
riety, although  carrying  a  light  crop  of  bloom,  set  a 
fair  crop  of  fruit,  while  the  trees  which  did  not  re- 
ceive the  later  applications  were  without  bloom  and 
fruit.  , 

The  season  of  1902  was  not  so  favorable  as  the 
preceding  one  to  the  development  of  fungous  disease, 
and  none  of  the  varieties  were  sprayed  more  than  the 
usual  number  of  times.  The  second  and  fourth  trees 
of  Imperial,  first  and  fourth  of  Lombard,  and  the 
second  tree  of  Reine  Claude  were  again  left  unspray- 
ed. The  results  are  that  both  unsprayed  Imperials 
were  greatly  injured  by  this  neglect,  one  being  prac- 
tically dead  this  spring  ( lOO-DL  while  the  neglected 
Reine  Claude  is  so  much  weakened  that  it  will  not 
likely  recover.  The  Lombards  do  not  appear  to  be 
gi-eatly  injured.  All  of  the  sprayed  trees  of  these 
varieties  are  in  good  conditiou  at  this  time. 

It  is  thus  clearly  demonstrated  by  this  simple  ex- 
periment that  summer  spraying  is  necessary  in  this 
locality  in  order  to  protect  the  foliage  on  the  plum 
trees  of  this  class. 

Spraying  for  brown  rot  should  begin  early  in  the 
season  and  continue  until  the  fruit  is  quite  mature. 
The  bloom,  leaves,  and  often  the  twigs,  are  badly 
attacked  by  the  fungous  early  in  the  spring  before 
the  fruit  is  far  enough  advanced  to  show  the  trouble. 
sr^fMARY. 

1.  Varieties  of  plums  of  the  Domestica  class  suffer 
greatly  in  this  locality  from  attack  of  brown  rot,  and 
are  also  seriously  injured  by  various  leaf  diseases. 

2.  To  control  brown  rot  it  is  necessary  to  begin 


190S.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTEE. 


673 


spraying  early,  else  the  crop  is  often  destroyed  in 
the  bloominf!:  stage.  The  first  application  should  be 
made  during  the  dormant  season.  This  may  consist 
of  bluestone  solution  or  Bordeaux  mixture. 

3.  If  the  brown  rot  is  to  be  held  in  check,  it  is 
necessary  to  spray  with  Bordeaux  mixture  at  inter- 
vals during  the  entire  growing  season.  The  number 
of  applications  necessary  will  depend  upon  weather 
conditions. 

4.  If  rot  is  prevalent  when  fruit  is  near  maturity, 
spraying  at  this  time  checks  the  disease  to  a  marked 

"degree.  It  is  also  advisable  to  pick  and  remove  from 
orchard  all  diseased  fruit. 

5.  Late  spraying  is  especially  advantageous  in 
the  control  of  the  leaf  diseases,  and  is  necessary  with 
riomestica  plums  if  a  healthy  foliage  is  to  be  main- 
tained to  the  end  of  the  growth  period. 

NOTES  ON  VARIETIES  OF  DOMESTICA   PLUMS. 

Agen  (Prune  of.) — This  is  an  old  and  well-known 
variety  of  European  origin.  The  tree  is  a  rather 
weak  grower,  although  apparently  quite  hardy.  A 
fair  bearer.  Season  late;  ripens  latter  part  of  Au- 
gust and  first  of  September.  Fruit  medium  in  size, 
purplish  color ;  flesh  greenish,  meaty,  though  tender, 
and  of  very  good  quality.  This  is  one  of  the  best 
varieties  of  the  prune  group  that  we  have  tested  here. 
It  is  seldom  attacked  by  browai  rot.  Recommended 
for  home  use. 

Bavay. — This  well-known  variety  originated  in 
Belgium.  It  has  not  proved  profitable  on  our  soil. 
The  tree  is  fairty  vigorous  in  growth,  but  lacks  hardi- 
ness. Xone  of  the  trees  have  been  productive.  Fruit 
small,  but  of  good  quality ;  quite  subject  to  brown  rot. 
Season  late:  ripens  September  1st.  ^sTot  recom- 
mended for  general  planting. 

Bnu^shaiv. — This  variety  is  of  American  origin. 
The  tree  proves  to  be  a  rather  slow  grower  and  is  not 
altogether  hardy,  but  is  fairly  productive.  Fruit  of 
large  size,  purple  color  and  quite  showy,  excellent 
quality,  but  subject  to  rot.  Season  medium  early ; 
ripens  last  of  July.  This  is  one  of  the  very  best  of 
our  amateur  plimis,  and  is  highly  prized  both  for 
eating  out  of  hand  and  for  culinary  uses.  Strongly 
recommended  for  planting  in  the  home  orchard,  but 
needs  extra  care.  It  is  grown  to  a  considerable  ex- 
tent for  market  in  certain  favored  localities. 

Eiml-cr  Hill  ■ — The  origin  of  this  variety  is  un- 
known to  us.  The  tree  is  upright  in  growth,  fairly 
vigorous  and  quite  hardy:  bears  good  crops  of  fruit. 
Season  late;  ripens  last  of  August.  The  fruit  is  a 
small  blue  plum,  resembling  the  damsons  very 
closely,  but  is  considerably  larger  and  has  flesh  of  a 
different  character.  'We  recommend  this  variety  as 
a  culinary  plum  for  home  use. 

Engelbert.  Prince. — This  old  variety  originated  in 
Belgium.  The  tree  is  a  rather  weak  grower  and 
only  moderately  productive.     Fruit  below  medium 


size;  flesh  meaty,  firm  and  of  excellent  quality. 
Season  medium;  ripens  August  1st  to  15th.  ]^ot 
recommended  for  general  planting. 

Genii. — This  variety  originated  in  ISTew  York 
State.  The  tree  is  a  vigorous  grower  and  is  quite 
hardy.  Fruit  of  large  size,  blue  in  color,  and  of 
good  quality.  Usually  a  heavy  bearer.  This  year 
(1903),  when  nearly  all  of  the  Domesticas  were 
killed  in  the  bud.  Genii  was  uninjure'^jfTKcl  is  now  ■ 
loaded  with  fruit.  Ripens  August  15tn.  We  con- 
sider this  the  best  general  purpose  blue  plum  of  the 
Domestica  type.  Highly  recommended  for  general 
planting ;  not  very  subject  to  rot. 

German  Prune. — ^Originated  in  Germany.  Tree 
a  fair  grower  and  hardy,  but  lacks  productiveness; 
does  not  equal  Agen  in  bearing,  but  it  is  a  stronger 
grower.  Fruit  of  fair  quality  for  its  class.  Season 
late;  ripens  September  1st.  Nothing  to  specially 
commend  it. 

Golden  Drop,  Coe. — A  well-known  variety  origi- 
nating in  England.  The  tree  is  a  rather  sIoav  grower 
and  lacks  in  hardiness ;  trees  are  quite  productive, 
though  the  fruit  rots  badly.  Fruit  large  size,  golden 
yellow,  quite  showy,  and  of  fairly  good  gj^ality. 
Ripens  August  15th.  This  variety  is  not  recom- 
mended for  general  planting. 

Grand  Dithe. — Originated  in  Europe.  This  is 
one  of  the  finest  dessert  plums  of  the  Domestica  class. 
Tree  only  moderately  vigorous,  though  hardy ;  up- 
right in  habit  and  fairly  productive.  Fruit  large 
size,  blue  in  color,  with  tender,  buttery  flesh.  Qual- 
ity excellent.  Subject  to  rot.  Season  late.  Highly 
reeomended  for  home  planting,  but  needs  extra  care. 

Imperial  Gage. — Though  a  strong  grower  and 
fairly  hardy,  this  variety  has  proved  itself  worthless 
on  our  soil.  Fruit  small  and  of  inferior  quality. 
Season  late.     T^ot  recommended. 

Italian  Prune  (Fellenherg). — Originated  in  Eu- 
rope. This  variety  is  moderately  vigorous  in  growth 
and  is  hardy,  but  seldom  fruits  abundantly.  The 
fruit  is  of  fine  quality  for  its  group.  Season  late. 
Second  best  variety  of  the  prune  group  tested  here. 

Lombard. — This  plum  originated  in  New  York. 
The  tree  is  moderately  vigorous  in  growth,  quite 
hardy,  and  uniformlv  a  heavy  bearer.  Fruit  me- 
dium size,  but  only  fair  in  quality;  rots  badly.  Sea- 
son August  15th  to  20th.  Though  this  is  a  very 
hardy  plum  and  bears  neglect  much  better  than  many 
others,  it  lacks  the  quality  for  either  an  amateur  or 
commercial  plum. 

McLaughlin.- — This  variety  originated  in  Maine, 
and  is  one  of  the  finest  dessert  plums  belonging  to  the 
green  gage  group  of  Domesticas.  However,  the  tree 
has  never  borne  more  than  a  light  crop  here,  and, 
moreover,  the  fruit  often  rots  badly.  Fruit  large, 
roundish,  with  meaty,  tender  flesh  of  excellent  flavor. 
Season  early.     A  good  variety  for  amateur  planting. 


574 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLAXTER. 


[September 


Naples. — This  variety  is  of  European  origin.  The 
tree  is  an  upright  in  habit  and  a  vigorous  grower 
Seems  to  be  quite  hardv.  also  productive.  Fruit  is 
below  medium  size,  but  is  of  fine  quality,  especially 
for  c'ulinarv  purposes,  also  good  for  eating  out  of 
hand.  This  is  one  of  the  best  varieties  for  canning. 
Season  medium  late.  Recommended  for  general 
planting. 

Ponc^.^Origin,  England.  Tree  an  upright  and 
rapid  grower:  fruit  of  large  size  and  fine  quality  for 
desert  jnirposes,  but  this  variety  is  a  light  bearer, 
and  the  fruit  is  so  subject  to  rot  that  we  cannot  re- 
commend it  e^'en  for  home  planting.  Season  me- 
dium late.     It  has  proved  an  utter  failure  with  us. 

Qiiarkcnbns. — This  is  a  well-known  variety  of 
Xew  York  origin.  The  tree  is  vigorous,  though  not 
a  very  strong  grower,  and  appears  to  be  hardy;  not 
a  heavy  bearer.  Fruit  is  of  good  size  and  fair  qual- 
ity, but  is  quite  subject  to  rot.  Season  late.  We  do 
not  recommend  this  variety. 

Rfrvp  Claude. — This  old  variety  is  of  European 
origin,  and  is  so  widely  planted  and  well  known  that 
it  nccils  no  description.  It  is  the  standard  for  can- 
ning. Fruit  below  medium  size,  vellow  in  color; 
tender,  meaty  flesh,  of  excellent  flavor.  Uniformly 
a  good  bearer.  Season  late.  Succeeds  well  with  us. 
;More  subject  to  brown  rot  than  Yellow  Egg. 

Shropshire  Dam.^on. — This  variety  originated  in 
England.  The  tree  is  vigorous  and  hardy  and  uni- 
formly a  heavy  bearer.  Fruit  rather  lar^e.  com- 
pared with  other  damsons,  and  of  excellent  qualitv 
for  culinary  use.  The  best  of  the  damsons.  Season 
very  late.     Recommended  for  general  planting. 

M'ashi)i(/ton. — Of  Xew  York  origin.  Tree  a  good 
grower  and  apparently  hardy,  but  has  never  borne  a 
heavy  oro]\  General  type  of  tree  and  fruit  resemb- 
ling that  of  l^fcLaughlin,  but  fruit  is  of  superior 
quality  for  dessert.  A  large  showv  plum,  flesh  ten- 
der, melting  and  of  fine  flavor.  Season  medium 
early.  This  plum  has  value  for  amateur  use.  but  is 
too  shy  a  bearer  for  general  planting;  probably  su- 
perior to  -McLaughlin  for  amateur  work.  Quite  sub- 
ject to  brown  rot. 

While  Dam.<<nn. — This  variety  has  only  been  grown 
here  since  spring  of  1 000,  and  has  not  yet  fruited. 
The  trees  are  good  growers  and  apparently  quite 
hardy. 

Yellov  Egrj. —  A  well-kno^^'n  variety  of  Europetm 
origin.  Trees  vigorous  and  quite  hardy;  a  irood 
bearer.  Does  not  rot  as  badly  as  many  of  the  Do- [ 
mesticas,  though  none  of  the  varieties  are  free  from 
this  trouble.  Fruit  above  medium,  meaty  and  ten- 
der flesh,  of  good  quality.  Season  medium;  ripens 
August  1st.  Though  this  is  not  equal  in  quality  to 
many  of  the  fine  dessert  plums,  yet  it  is  one  of  the 
best  all-around  varieties  we  have  tested.     For  culi- 


nary use  and  canning,  we  know  of  nothing  better. 
Highly  recommended  for  general  planting. 

LIST  OF  VARIETIES  BECOMMEXDED. 

.Mrdiiim  Earh/. — Bradshaw  and  Washington. 
Mid-Season. — Yellow  Egg. 
Medium  Lak. — Geuii  and  Xaples. 
Lale. — Agen,  Prune  of:  Grand  Dtike,  Shropshire 
and  Reine  Claude. 

Wii.T.iAM  B.  Alwood,  Horticulturist. 
H.  L.  Price,  Ass>.'<lnnf  IIorticuUuri.^t. 


VIRGINIA  STATE  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY.    ' 

The'  next  annual  meeting  of  the  Yirginia  State 
Horticultural  Society  will  be  held  at  Pulaski  City, 
Va.,  on  Wednesday,  December  2d,  and  following 
dav,  when,  in  addition  to  papers  on  topics  of  interest 
to  fruit  growers  and  discussions,  there  will  be  an  ex- 
hibit of  fruits,  vegetables,  flowers  and  seeds.  Di- 
plomas will  be  given  by  the  Society  to  the  best  in  each 
class,  to  which  will  be  added  any  premiums  that  may 
be  offered  by  individuals  or  firms,  of  which  due  no- 
tice will  be  given.  These  competitions  will  be  limit- 
ed to  members  of  the  Society,  of  which  the  member- 
ship fee  is  iSl.  Further  particulars  as  to  arrange- 
ments for  special  railroad  and  hotel  rates,  etc.,  will 
be  published  next  month,  or  may  be  obtained  from 
Walter  Whately,  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  Crozet, 
-Vlbemarle  county,  Va. 

Waltee  Whatei-y, 
Secretary  and  Treasurer. 


Weevil  in  Beans  and  Peas. 

Will  you  please  tell  me  how  I  can  protect  dry 
beans  and  peas  from  weevils  ? 

Cumberland  Co.,  N.  C.      !Mrs.  G.  A.  Wilrath. 

Put  them  in  a  tight  box  or  bin.  and  place  a  saucer 
on  the  top  of  the  seed  and  fill  it  with  carbon  bisul- 
phide and  shut  the  lid.  The  fumes  from  the  carbon, 
which  are  heavier  than  air,  will  descend  through  the 
grain  and  kill  everything  living  therein.  Leave 
closed  for  12  hours,  and  then  air.  Have  no  lights 
about  as  the  carbon  bisulphide  is  very  explosive. 
You  can  buy  the  drug  at  the  drug  stores.  ]\Iiller3 
use  this  to  kill  weevil  and  insects  in  the  mills  and 
elevators. — Ed. 


Grass  Seed  Mixture. 

What  grasses  should  T  seed  with  clover  to  make  a 
better  pasture  the  balance  of  the  summer  after  the 
clover  has  been  cut  and  the  sod  to  be  ploughed  the 
following  winter  ?  Subscriber. 

Norlliiimherland  C<\,  Yn. 

Sow  orchard  grass,  tali  meadow  oat  grass,  red  top 
and  meadow  fescue. — Ed. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER. 


575 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy. 


MEAT  PRODUCTION  IN  THE  SOUTH. 

Editor  Souilicrn   Planter: 

'No  one  will  argue  for  a  moment  (hat  we  oiight  not 
grow  all  the  meat  eonsiimed  in  the  southern  section 
of  this  great  eountrv.  Meat  being  the  most  expensive 
article  used  in  the  feeding  of  our  nation,  is  there 
any  reason  that  could  he  brought  forward  to  pmvc 
that  we  southern  farmers  should  be  content  n.s  co/;- 
pers  only,  when  the  great  possibilities  of  live  stock 
husbandry  may  be  ours  for  the  taking.  The  only 
question  is,  can  we  grow  this  millions  of  dollars 
worth  of  meat  and  in  the  production  of  it  make  for 
ourselves  and  our  children  pleasant,  happy  homes 
and  surround  them  with  the  comforts  of  life  to  a 
greater  or  less  degree?  T  answer,  most  emphatically, 
we  can.  and  at  the  same  time  make  of  our  beautiful 
Southland  a  land  of  plenty,  covered  with  grec 
fertile  valleys  and  grass-covered  hills,  instead  of 
barren  hills,  galls  and  washes,  as  is  the  state  of  alto- 
gether too  much  of  it  at  present. 

My  firm  belief  is  that  nowhere  in  America  to-day 
are  there  such  possibilities  as  present  themselves  to 
us  right  here  in  the  South  Atlantic  Coast  States. 
Now,  what  are  some  of  the  reasons  why  we  are  not 
more  extensively  engaged  in  this  very  remunerative 
and  pleasant  branch  of  farm  husbandry?  1  be- 
lieve that  one  of  the  main  reasons  is  that  we  have 
been  content  in  the  past  to  allow  some  one  else  to 
do  our  thinking  for  us.  To  the  tenant  system  we  are 
indebted  also  for  much  of  o\ir  barren  land.  I  find 
very  few  of  the  tenant  farmers  have  any  desire  fur- 
ther than  to  supply — with  the  least  expenditure  of 
labor — their  bare  wants.  Lack  of  ambition  is,  I  be- 
lieve, the  gi'eatest  calamity  that  can  befall  mankind. 
Ambition  moves  the  world ;  and  it  is  just  as  neces- 
sary in  the  farming  business  as  in  any  other  branch 
of  industry.  We  have  been  told  that  we  cannot  grow 
grass  in  this  section.  I  will  answer  that  if  we  had 
expended  one  half  the  time  and  money  trying  to  grow 
grass  that  we  have  spent  in  trying  to  destroy  it  we 
would  have  gi'ass  in  plenty.  Grass  is  the  first  essen- 
tial in  the  production  of  beef,  pork  or  mutton,  as 
pasture  is  the  cheapest  and  most  practical  method  of 
feeding  all  kinds  of  stock  during  the  spring  and  fall 
months.  During  the  dry  period  of  summer  the 
pasture?  should  be  supplemented  with  green  food 
of  some  kind,  corn  silage  preferred.  As  winter 
comes  on  the  stock  should  be  housed  in  drv.  com- 


fortable quarters  and  provided  with  liberal  quanti- 
ties of  all  kinds  of  nourishing  food,  of  which  this 
section  can  produce  an  abundance. 

After  we  have  the  feed,  the  next  thing  to  be 
considered  is  the  type  of  animal  we  should  procure 
to  work  up  this  good  feed  into  profitable  meat. 

TTpon  examination  we  will  find  the  same  general 
conformation  in  the  more  profitable  individuals  of 
all  the  meat-producing  breeds.  The  broad,  clean-cut 
head ;  prominent,  bright  eye ;  short  nose,  wide  nos- 
tril; short,  broad  back;  full  in  the  heart,  well  sprung 
rib,  broad  hind  quarter;  deep,  thick  twists,  and,  over 
all.  a  good,  mellow  hide.  These  qualities  are  v,'hat 
go  to  make  up  the  profitable  meat-producing  animal 
of  the  twentieth  century.  We  now  come  to  by  far 
the  most  important  factor  in  the  production  of  high 
class  meat — that  is,  the  eye  of  the  master.  The 
Scotch  have  a  saying  that  "the  eye  of  the  master  is 
half  the  beast,"  and  it  is  more  than  true. 

In  no  business  with  which  the  writer  is  familiar 
does  the  master  mind  behind  the  business  count  for 
so  much  as  in  the  business  of  producing  high  class 
meat.  The  thousand  and  one  things  that  he  must 
know,  and  must  be  able  to  make  other  people  know, 
makes  the  head  of  a  first-class  live  stock  business  no 
lazy  man's  job.  A  book  might  be  written  upon  the 
subject  of  "What  a  live  stock  farmer  ought  to  know," 
and  still  the  half  would  not  have  been  told.  Any 
way,  the  average  farmer  won't  have  to  go  away  from 
home  to  find  work  for  his  brains. 

A  few  thoughts  along  the  line  of  general  care  of 
stock  and  I  will  leave  this  subject.  In  the  first 
place,  never  feed  good  feed  to  mean  animals,  better 
sell  it.  Secondly,  don't  feed  mean  feed  to  good 
stock.  Feed  good  feed  to  good  animals,  and  feed 
plenty  of  it.  Don't  think  for  a  moment  that  good 
blood  will  take  the  place  of  feed,  it  will  not.  Our 
best  breeds  were  brought  to  their  present  state  of 
excellence  by  selection  and  feed  through  many  gen- 
erations. And  bear  in  mind  that  a  breed  will  de- 
teriorate much  faster  under  poor  treatment  r' 
will  improve  with  the  liest  of  attention. 

Every  stock  farm  should  be  provided  with  silos, 
as  corn  silage  is  the  cheapest  carbonaceous  food  that 
can  be  produced.  Never  feed  lice  or  ticks  on  any 
kind  of  feed,  good  or  bad.  Kill  all  sorts  of  para- 
sites by  dipping  or  washing  the  animals.  Be  friendly 
with  your  animals,  talk  to  them,  scratch  the  pigs' 
back  when  vou  feed  him.     That  fine  bull  loves  to 


576 


THE  SOTJTHERX  PLAXTER. 


[September 


have  his  tail  scratched.  Pat  the  lambs  on  the  head. 
Some  people  don't  get  well  enough  acquainted  with 
their  animals  to  tell  one  from  the  other.  They  will 
never  make  the  most  successful  stockmen.  The  first- 
class  stockman  must  be  able  to  see  the  image  of  his 
ideal  animal  whichever  way  he  may  look.  Have  an 
idea  and  work  to  it.  A.  L.  Frexch. 

Rockin<)hav\  Co.,  N.  C. 

We  would  surest  to  our  correspondent  that  he 
does  not  sufficiently  emphasize  the  value  of  the  nume 
rous  forage  crops  of  which  we  can  grow  a  greater 
variety  than  any  other  section  of  the  country  as  ad- 
juncts to  the  pasture.  Whilst  we  are  getting  the 
grass  pastures  do  not  let  us  wait  and  lose  time.  We 
can  carry  beef  stock  all  the  summer  on  forage  crops 
and  improve  them  every  day  whilst  doing  so.  Cow 
peas,  soy  beans,  sorghum,  teocinte.  alfalfa  and  the 
clovers  can  be  raised  so  as  to  provide  feed  all  the 
time,  whilst  the  corn  is  growing  for  the  silo  for  win- 
ter feed.— Ed. 


KEEPING  PURE  BRED  CATTLE  IN  THE  SOUTH. 

Editor  Southern  Flanfei  : 

I  wish  to  give  my  experience  along  the  line  of  pure 
bred  cattle  feeding,  not  that  it  may  fill  up  your  valu- 
able paper,  but  for  the  especial  benefit  of  all  South- 
ern planters,  who  contemplate  cattle  raising.  This  is 
my  third  year  with  imported  cattle,  and  here  is  what 
I  have  to  say :  If  you  have  never  engaged  in  the  rais- 
ing of  improved  cattle,  don't;  echo  says  don't,  until 
you  first  have  each  and  every  animal  from  which  yo\i 
wish  to  begin  thoroughly  inoculated,  for  if  this  im- 
portant factor  is  overlooked  and  ticks  get  among  your 
herd,  just  so  sure  will  the  last  one  of  your  cattle  take 
the  Texas  fever,  and  not  only  get  sick,  but  will  die 
in  spite  of  all  the  doctors  and  veterinarians  in  the 
world. 

Three  years  ago,  out  of  a  bunch  of  shorthorn  grades 
of  one  dozen.  I  lost  eight  of  the  number.  Wlien  I 
found  that  the  fever  was  among  them  they  com- 
menced to  die  by  twos  and  threes  per  day.  The  ne.xt 
fall  T  purchased  a?  fine  a  looking  shorthorn  bull  of 
an  Ohio  party  as  I  thought  the  earth  held,  at  a  cost 
of  $150,  and  in  less  than  two  months  he  died  of  this 
same  tick  fever.  In  January,  l[i02,  I  purchased  of 
the  same  party  shorthorn  bull  Xo.  2,  and  of  another 
party  a  fine-looking  Devon  bull.  In  le.*s  than  six 
months  both  these  bulls  were  attacked  by  tick  fever, 
and  both  succumbed  to  the  same.  Determined  not  to 
give  up  in  spite  of  this  discouragement,  I  last  Septera- 


l>er  (1002^  visited  the  Angiis  herd  of  Messrs.  Wm. 
^r.  Watkin?  Sr  Sons,  of  Randolph,  Va.,  and  there 
jiurchased  of  them  a  young  bull  at  <he  price  of  $100, 
and  a  little  later  purchased  of  these  same  people  a 
three-year-old  cow,  that  dropped  in  April,  1903,  a 
heifer  calf  not  akin  to  the  young  bull.  On  this  same 
visit  I  purchased  by  letter,  of  W.  S.  Foster,  Esq.,  of 
Blacksburg.  Va.,  a  fine  Red  Poll  yoimg  buUl.  and  all 
three  of  these  cattle  reached  me  about  the  same  time, 
in  Xovember.  To  say  I  was  proud  of  my  stock  seems 
to  bo  putting  it  in  too  mild  a  form.  In  -lanuary, 
1!>03,  our  State  Veterinarian  came  out  and  inocu- 
lated the  Red  Poll  and  Angus  bull,  and  in  March  he 
inoculated  them  the  second  and  last  time.  The  .An- 
gus cow  b^ing  heavy  in  calf  the  veterinarian  did  not 
advise  her  inoculation.  All  went  well  until  turning 
them  to  pasture  first  of  May.  The  cow  and  bulls 
commenced  to  have  ticks  upon  them,  but  they  stood 
up  so  well  I  had  about  flattered  myself  that  even  the 
.\ngus  cow  would  pull  the  .season  through  as  well  as 
the  bulls.  This  was  all  of  no  avail,  for  on  the  2Tth 
day  of  June  we  noticed,  for  the  first  time,  that  she 
showed  sickness,  and  refused  to  eat,  and  I  telegraphed 
the  veterinarian  of  the  cow's  sickness,  but  he  had  other 
engagements,  and  could  not  come,  but  sent  word  as  to 
treatment,  and  on  Julv  1st  she,  too,  "handed  in  her 
check?.''  Inoculation  has  saved  the  bulls,  and  they 
ars  both  now  as  fine  looking  specimens  of  health  and 
gro^vth  as  any  cattle  Xorth  or  West.  They  have 
been  all  summer  and  are  now  literally  loaded  with 
ticks.  The  Angus  bull,  my  herdsman  said  last  even- 
ing, had  more  ticks  upon  him  than  any  cow  he  ever 
saw.  These  bulls  are  now  as  fully  tick  proof  as  if 
Ivorn  in  the  tickiest  portion  of  any  tick  country  in  the 
world.  They  are  open  to  inspection.  Yes ;  I  would 
be  glad  for  any  and  every  one  who  wishes  to  know  if 
the  pure  bred  cattle  business  can  be  made  a  success  in 
a  tick  district,  to  come  and  see  these  bulls.  The  little 
motherless  Angus  heifer,  while  she  has  not,  under  the 
circumstances,  made  the  desired  progress,  yet  is 
growing  some,  and  we  feel  now  that  her  safety  as  to 
being  raised  to  cowhood  is  assured.  My  experience 
as  to  tick  fever  has  cost  me  not  less  than  $1,500. 
Your  readers  get  this  much  worth  for  the  reading. 

Halifax  Co..  X.  C  C.  A.  Wii.u.vms. 

If  only  Southern  farmers  would  take  note  of  what 
we  have  written  on  this  subject  of  Texas  fever  in  the 
past  few  years  they  could  save  themselves  these  ex- 
pensive experiments. — Ed. 


When  corresponding  with  advertisers,  kindly  men- 
tion the  Southern  Planter. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER 


577 


MANOR  HERCULES. 

Filston  Farm,  at  Glencoe,  near  Baltimore,  met  a 
severe  loss  ir  the  death  of  their  champion  young  boar, 
Manor  Hercnles,  which  they  were  importing  from 
England  on  the  White  Star  ship,  Cevic.  Manor  Her- 
cules was  bought  from  the  Danes  field  estate,  at  Mar- 
low,  and  had  made  a  triumphant  tour  of  the  English 
shows  during  the  summer,  winding  up  by  winning 
the  championship  of  the  Eoyal  on  June  22d.  Mr. 
Colin  Campbell  writes  from  England  that  not  for 
many  years  had  the  Eoyal  shown  so  fine  a  type  as 
this  young  boar. 

Manor  Hercules  died  from  the  effects  of  the  sea 
voyage  the  day  before  reaching  port.  He  was  sired 
by  Links  Essau  out  of  Eloradon  Baroness,  and  had  he 
lived  to  be  shown  in  this  country,  as  he  would  have 
been  had  he  reached  here  safely,  there  is  little  doubt 
that  he  woiild  have  repeated  his  English  successes, 
^lanor  Hercules  would  have  been  a  notable  addition 
to  the  Filston  herd,  which  includes  already  such 
famous  imported  prize  winners  as  Manor  Faithful, 
Her  Majesty,  and  many  other  Berkshires  of  distin- 
guished lineage. 


WHAT  CONSTITUTES  A  PERFECT  BERKSHIRE. 

Editor  Souihern  Planter: 

Sliort  in  the  legs,  back  broad,  straight  and  evenly 
fleshed,  ribs  fl'ell  developed,  rump  and  twist  good, 
hams  well  down  to  hock,  breast  and  neck  full,  no 
creases  in  neck  or  sides :  ears  clean,  full  and  of  small 
size,  standing  erect  and  well  placed;  face  broad  and 
dished,  wide  between  the  eyes  and  ears;  nose  short 


and  meaty;  hair  fine  and  thin,  ihough  many  prefer 
heavy  coats,  slightly  arched  back,  that  will  never 
come  down,  fo\ir  white  feet,  a  blaze  in  the  face,  and 
white  tip  at  end  of  tail,  a  gentle  disposition.  The 
Englishman  wants  a  stocky,  five  to  six  hundred  pound 
boar,  and  "rangy"  five  to  seven  hundred  pound  sows, 
but  pig  fashions  may  have  changed  there  of  late. 
Eockhridge  Co.,  Va.  Ti'os.  S.  Whitf. 


FEEDING  HOGS. 

Whey,  skim  milk  and  buttermilk  are  of  great  value 
as  part  of  the  ration  for  fattening  swine.  There  is 
practically  no  difference  in  the  feeding  value  of 
skim  milk  or  butermilk  when  each  is  fed  in  prime 
condition.  Fhev  produce  rapid  and  economical 
gains  and  a  fine  quality  of  bacon.  The  average  of 
many  experiments  show  that  475  pounds  of  skim  milk 
are  equal  in  feeding  value  to  100  pounds  corn  meal. 

Pigs  will  maintain  their  weight  on  pasture  without 
making  any  appreciable  gain,  if  a  half  ration  of  gi-ain 
is  fed.  This  grain  will  be  utilized  entirely  in  in- 
creasing weight.  The  best  pasture  plant  for  pigs  is 
alfalfa,  where  it  will  gTow.  while  red  clover,  white 
clover,  blue  grass  and  rape  are  good  pastures  in  about 
the  order  named.  A  pastiire  to  be  satisfactory  for 
swine  must  be  short  and  tender.  Experiments  show 
that  one  acre  of  rape  or  other  suitable  pasture  is 
equivalent  to  2,000  pounds  grain  when  fed  the  pigs. 


At  odd  times  give  the  farm  a  general  cleaning  up, 
and  burn  litter,  or  use  it  for  mulching  shrubbery  and 
fruit  that  need  protection. 


578 


THE  SOUTHER^r  PLANTER. 


[September 


The  Poultry  Yard. 


KILLING  HAWKS. 
Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Will  you  please  allow  me  space  in  your  valuable 
paper  to  suggest  to  all  farmers  who  are  bothered  by 
hawks  to  try  my  plan  ? 

Buy  a  steel  trap  that  when  set  has  no  spring  ex 
tending  beyond  clamps,  so  that  when  the  hawk  lights 
he  will  bo  sure  to  spring  it.  These  can  be  had  at  any 
good  country  store,  or  at  any  hardware  house.  Take 
the  trap  and  nail  it  on  a  pole  through  a  hole  that  will 
Ije  found  convenient  for  the  purpose.  The  pole 
should  be  about  fifteen  feet  long,  and  be  erected  in  a 
secluded  place,  a  meadow  is  generally  best,  not  too 
near  the  hoiise,  with  the  trap  firmly  nailed  on  end  of 
pole.  The  traps  should  always  be  kept  greased,  so 
as  to  be  sure  to  spring  at  a  slight  touch. 

Early  in  February,  1002,  I  erected  a  pole  in  a 
secluded  low  field  on  my  father's  place.  I  caught  a 
large  hawk  the  first  day  the  trap  was  set.  I  con- 
tinued to  catch  them,  and  a  little  later  on  I  set  an- 
other trap  in  a  small  meadow,  and  on  these  two  traps 
I  have  caught  forty  hawks. 

I  would  strongly  advise  all  farmers  who  are 
troubled  with  hawks  to  try  this  method  of  destroying 
them.  Besides  saving  much  money  in  hens  and 
chickens,  many  counties  in  the  State  pay  bounty  for 
the  scalps  of  hawks.  The  traps  generally  cost  about 
twenty  cents  each.  Joseph  J.  Tabb. 

flloiirPKtrr  Co..  Yd. 


survived,  and  T  bad  them  used  on  our  table,  but  that 
•rroy  hen,  much  to  my  regret,  was  kept  over  another 
season,  and  most  of  her  progeny  (easily  told  by  the 
color)  had  gapes,  and  now  we  have  them  regularly 
!  (but  not  as  yet  to  much  extent!  amongst  our  chick- 
ens. This  settles  to  my  entire  satisfaction  the  cause 
of  gapes,  and  leaves  but  one  practical  way  for  their 
eradication — that  is.  to  dispose  of  your  jiresent  flock 
and  replenish  from  one  that  is  not  troubled  with  this 
disease.  Since  my  experience  above  stated,  T  remem- 
ber on  one  occasion  m.^-  parents  disposed  of  their 
whole  flock  because  they  had  gapes,  and  started  anew 
with  birds  that  had  not  been  troubled  in  this  M'ay. 
F(iuqui''r  Co.,  Ya.  R. 


GAPES  IN  CHICKENS. 
Editor  Southern  Planter: 

The  lielief  I  find  is  generally  accepted  that  gapes 
are  caused  by  vermin  or  by  being  kept  on  gi'ounds 
where  chickens  infected  with  gapes  have  been  pre- 
viously cooped.  ]\ry  experience  fails  iitterly  to  sub- 
stantiate either  of  these  theories.  I  find  that  they 
come  from  breeding  from  chickens  infected  with  the 
gap  bacilli,  or,  in  other  words,  they  are  inherited 
from  the  parent  bird.  This  is  proven  to  my  entire 
satisfaction  since  coming  to  my  present  borne,  in  the 
month  of  ilay,  1 90".  I  brought  with  me  my  chick- 
ens from  my  former  place  of  residence,  and  among 
which  T  had  never  had  a  single  case  of  gapes.  They 
were  all  p\ire  bred  White  Wonders  and  Buff  Leg- 
horns; had  none  of  any  color  except  white  and  buff. 
A  friend  kindly  sent  us  a  grey  hen  and  a  newly 
liatched  brood,  for  which  T  was  very  thankful,  i)ut 
which  has  proven  to  be  a  very  costly  gift.  Gapes 
suon  appeared  in  this  flock  of  chickens,  most  of  them 


VERMIN  PROOF  ROOSTS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

"Xfy  plan  for  nuiking  the  roosts  for  my  poultry  to 
avoid  having  them  annoyed  with  mites  or  lice  is  as 
follows:  T  have  all  su]iports  for  roosts,  and  the  roosts 
themselves,  of  dressed  limiber;  no  iioles  or  cracks  in 
them  where  mites  can  hide  or  breed,  then  swing  the 
supports  for  roosts  to  I'oof  by  wires,  so  that  they  M'ill 
not  touch  the  house  anywhere.  Lay  the  roosts  on 
these  supports  and  keep  them  in  place  by  nails  driven 
each  side  of  them,  so  they  can  be  readily  removed  if 
desired.  T  have  been  using  roosts  thus  constructed 
for  the  last  twenty  years,  and  have  never  been 
troubled  with  mites  or  lice  in  my  hen  house  during 
the  whole  time,  and,  in  fact,  very  little  with  any 
kind  of  vermin.  The  roosts  should  be  painted  oc- 
casionally with  coal  oil.  in  which  a  small  quantity  of 
Lee's  Lice  Killer  should  be  used,  to  keep  down  the 
larger  vermin.  R. 

Fauquier  Co.,  Ya. 


KILLING  HAWKS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

T  notice  in  your  issue  of  August  a  request  for  in- 
formation about  killing  hawks  with  strychnine.  I 
think  if  H.  Denhurst  will  try  my  plan  he  will  get  rid 
of  the  hawks,  and  not  hurt  his  hens.  I  have  always 
found  it  satisfactory.  Get  from  a  drug  store  some 
fluid  extract  of  nux  vomica,  and  wet  the  feathers  on 
the  top  of  the  heads.  I  have  not  used  it  on  full 
grown  hens,  but  always  save  my  chickens  in  that  way. 
For  little  chickens  pour  some  of  the  extract  into  a 
little  dish,  just  di]>  in  the  finger  and  touch  the  chick- 
ens just  back  of  the  top  of  the  head.  Of  course,  more 
would  be  needed  for  a  hen. 

.S'i/rn/  Co.,  Ya.  'Miis.  S.  l\r\TTHr:ws. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


579 


The    Horse. 


NOTES. 

Richmond's  third  animal  Horse  Show  promises  to 
be  a  grand  affair,  and  Secretary  W.  0.  Warthen  and 
his  associates  are  enthused  over  the  bright  prospect 
ahead.  The  show  will  take  place  during  the  week 
of  October  12th  to  17th,  and  details  arc  fast  being 
completed  for  the  gTeatest  event  of  the  kind  ever  seen 
in  this  sontl)ern  conntry.  Last  fall  the  big  amphi- 
theatre at  Reseiwoir  Park,  where  the  show  was  held, 
was  taxed  to  provide  accommodations,  but  noAV  with 
increased  facilities  the  management  hope  to  handle 
with  ease  the  largely  increased  attendance  that  is 
expected.  Already  every  box  has  been  taken  and  a 
large  miiiibcr  of  the  best  seats  have  been  sold,  which 
is  ample  evidence  of  the  great  popularity  of  the  Rich- 
mond Horse  Show.  The  Marine  P>and,  with  its  fifty 
players  from.  Washington,  will  furnish  music.  Con- 
certs will  be  given  daily  by  this  splendid  band  from 
1 1  A.  !M.  to  1  P.  M.,  when  the  horses  will  be  paraded, 
and  this  of  itself  will  prove  one  of  the  most  popular 
features  of  the  show.  Performances  will  begin  at 
8  :30  each  night  throughout  the  week,  while  in  addi- 
tion a  matinee  will  be  given  on  Saturday  afternoon. 
Over  $8,000  will  be  offered  in  premiums,  and  it  is 
safe  to  ])i  edict  that  the  greatest  lot  of  horses  ever  ex- 
hibited in  the  South  will  compete  for  the  rich  prizes 
to  be  distributed  in  the  different  classes. 

The  following  gentlemen,  who  are  widely  known 
and  regarded  as  experts  in  that  line,  will  serve  as 
judges :  Charles  P.  Williams,  of  Stonington,  Conn. ; 
^larian  Story,  ]Vew  York;  Edward  Browning,  Phila- 
delphia ;  John  R.  Valentine,  Bryn  Mawr,  Pa. ; 
Tompkins  IFcIlvfiine,  New  York;  Charles  Wheeler, 
Philadelphia:  Sidney  W.  Stillwell,  Rutland,  Vt. ; 
Jolin  7\err  P>ranch,  Richmond. 

v^  (5*  c?* 

The  grounds  and  track  of  the  Roanoke  Fair  Asso- 
ciation, at  Roanoke,  Va.^  have  been  gotten  in  shape, 
and  necessary  buildings  are  in  course  of  erection  for 
an  exhibition  there  this  fall.  October  21st  to  23d, 
inclusive,  are  the  dates  selected.  The  leading  fea- 
tures include  an  agricultural  and  stock  e.^hibit,  com- 
bined with  races  for  harness  horses  and  runners.  The 
grounds  of  the  association  are  attractive  in  appear- 
ance and  located  riglit  near  town,  being  easily  reach- 
ed by  electric  cars  and  otherwise,  while  the  half-mile 
track  lias  been  constructed  with  great  care  and  is 
looked  upon  as  both  safe  and  fast.  Leading  citizens 
and  business  men  are  backing  the  enterprise  and  are 
confident  of  a  successful  issue. 

The  list  of  officers  follows:  President,  James  P. 
Woods;  Vice-President,  Ed.  L.  Stone;  Treasurer, 
Jiobert  PL  Angell ;  Secretary,  W.  L.  Andrews.   Board 


of  Directors — J.  Allen  Watts,  S.  S.  Bsooks,  Louis 
Scholz,  PI.  N.  Dyer,  PTenry  Scholz,  Arthur  L.  Seibert, 
W.  C.  Stephenson,  S.  H.  Pfeironimus,  J.  H.  Wingate, 
John  Ri;se,  S.  Simon.  S.  P.  Seifert,  H.  E.  Jones  and 
Frank  Read. 

With  handsomely  fitted  up  offices  on  Broadway, 
New  York,  and  as  manager  of  a  big  mercantile  con- 
cern, James  F.  Scott,  who  figured  prominently  in 
the  horse  world  for  some  years,  is  again  riding  on 
the  Avave  of  prosjierity  after  various  ups  and  downs. 
PTe  was  widely  known  during  1894-  and  1895  as 
managing  partner  of  the  firm  of  Holt  &  Scott,  Gra- 
ham. N.  C.  owners  of  the  famous  pacer,  John  R. 
(Tentry,  with  M.  E.  McHenry  as  trainer  and  driver; 
later  as  the  head  of  Knowlton  Earm,  home  of  Ash- 
land Wilkes,  Lexington,  Ky.,  and  afterwards  as  man- 
ager of  Griswold  Lodge  Earm,  Great  Barrington, 
]\lass.  Mr.  Scott  has  his  residence  in  New  York, 
but  the  old  homestead  at  Eranklinton,  N.  C,  is  kept 
up  and  late  improvements  inchide  a  big  barn  for  the 
horses. 

The  richly-bred  2-year-old  colt,  Pelby,  by  Allerton, 
2:09  1-1,  dam  Bon  Mot,  by  Baron  Wilkes,  has  re- 
cently been  piirchased  of  John  Donnovan,  St.  Joseph, 
Mo.,  and  after  being  developed  it  is  the  intention  to 
place  him  in  the  stud  at  Eranklinton,  along  with  a 
choice  band  of  breed  mares. 

Mr.  Harry  C.  Beattie,  of  the  Bloomingdale  Earm, 
this  city,  has  sold  to  General  William  T.  Townes  the 
well-known  mare.  Amulet,  a  chestnut,  foaled  1883 
by  King  Bolt,  dam  Ecliptic,  imp.  Eclipse,  second 
dam  the  famous  Nina,  by  Boston.  General  Townes 
is  associated  with  the  American  Tobacco  Company, 
with  headquarters  in  New  York,  but  his  stud  of 
thoroughbreds  is  kept  near  Charlottesville,  Va.,  where 
Amulet  joins  the  richly-bred  band  of  brood  mares. 
General  Townes  has  been  leisurely  collecting  his 
stud  for  several  years  past,  and  each  season  has  mated 
his  mares  with  prominent  sires  in  Kentucky  and  Vir- 
ginia. 

The  big  bay  stallion,  Russell  Rex,  by  Mambriuo 
Russell,  dam  Fay  Boyd,  by  Alcyone,  owned  by  E.  C. 
Leach,  Newport  News.  Va.,  after  closing  his  stud 
season,  was  placed  in  training  and  is  being  raced 
through  the  Maryland  and  Virginia  circuit  of  fairs 
and  race  meeting.  In  his  work  he  trotted  trials  close 
to  2  :20  and  coTild  show  quarters  at  a  faster  rate  of 
speed.  Though  a  mastodon  in  size,  being  16:3  in 
height,  and  weighing  close  to  1,400  pounds,  this  son 
of  Mambriuo  Russell  is  of  sjaumetrical  proportions, 


580 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[September 


and  one  of  the  handsomest  stallion?  that  ever  scored 
for  the  word  in  a  race.  Russell  Rex  figured  as  a 
blue  ribbon  winner  in  the  roadster  class  at  the  Rich- 
mond Horse  Show,  both  in  1901  and  1002.  He  was 
bred  by  ex-Postmaster  A.  H.  Lindsay,  of  Portsmouth, 
Va.,  who  o-n-ned  the  dam.  Fay  Boyd,  ^  daughter  of 
Alcyone  and  Annie  Boyd,  by  Belmont. 

Secretary  B.  F.  Toy,  of  the  Hampton  Roads 
Driving  Park  Association,  Newport  News,  Va.,  has 
issued  the  speed  programme  of  a  one-day  race  meet- 
ing to  be  held  there  on  September  7th,  when  purses 
will  be  offered  for  trotters,  pacers  and  runners.  The 
classes  for  harness  horses  include  a  free-for-all  trot 
and  pace — one  for  3-minute  trotters  and  another  for 
2  :30  trotters.  The  monthly  and  semi-monthly  mati- 
nees and  race  meetings  of  the  Hampton  Roads 
Driving  Park  .\ssociation  have  furnished  good  sport 
and  entertainment  for  Newport  News  and  Hampton 
people  this  season.  The  forthcoming  meeting  is 
fixed  to  take  place  on  Labor  Day — a  general  holi- 
day— and  the  attendance  is  likely  to  be  large. 

Mr.  Harry  C.  Beattie,  owner,  breeder,  horse  show 
patrcm  and  also  widely  known  as  ISlaster  of  hounds  of 
the  Deep  Run  Hunt  Club,  and  vice-president  of  the 
Richmond  Horse  Show  Association,  has  a  big  stable 
of  hunters,  jumpers  and  high-stepping  harness  horses 
quartered  at  Bloomingdale  Farm.  The  prize-win- 
ning high  jumper.  Buck,  a  chestnut  son  of  Rover, 
by  Abdel  Kader,  is  probably  the  best  kno^\'n  mem- 
ber of  the  collection:  but  there  aie  some  younger 
horses  likely  to  gain  distinction  with  age  and  expe- 
rience in  the  show  ring.  The  latter  division  includes 
Blizzard,  a  4-year-old  son  of  ihe  "iron  horse,"  Blit- 
zen,  who  is  highly  regarded  by  Mr.  Beattie.  Buck, 
Blizzard  and  one  or  two  others  in  the  Beattie  stable 
were  winners  at  the  Atlantic  City  Horse  Show. 

One  of  the  handsomest  3-year-olds  in  Virginia  is 
the  bay  colt  by  tlie  saddle  stallion,  Shadeland  Den- 
mark, out  of  Goldie  H.,  thoroughbred  daughter  of 
Milner  and  Vrenetta,  by  Voltiguer,  bred  and  owned 
by  Mr.  William  Townes,  who  has  a  fine  old  home- 
stead near  Cuscowilla.  in  ilecklenburg  county. 
Goldie  M.,  the  dam  of  tiiis  colt,  has  l3een  owned  by 
^Ir.  Townes  for  some  years  past.  She  is  a  large, 
handsome  bay  mare,  full  10  hands  high  and  her  pro- 
duce take  after  her.  At  different  times  the  daughter 
of  Milner  has  been  mated  with  ihe  thoroughbred 
sires,  imp.  The  Jacobite;  Garrick,  the  son  of  Lexing- 
ton; Pardon,  Erie  and  Dan  Spanker.  Goldie  M. 
was  formerlv  in  the  stud  of  the  late  Judge  Robert 
W.Hughes.' 

The  bay  mare,  Faustena,  thoroughbred  daughter 


of  Eolus  and  War  Lass,  by  War  Dance,  formerly 
owned  by  William  Rueger,  has  been  purchased  by 
him  from  W.  K.  Mathews  for  use  as  a  brood  mare. 
By  the  trotting  sire,  Robert  Ransom,  Mr.  Rueger 
owns  a  couple  of  nice  young  mares  out  of  Faustena, 
and  he  has  bred  the  daughter  of  Eolus  to  Langlane, 
thoroughbred  son  of  Longstreet,  by  Longfellow. 
Longlane  is  in  the  stud  of  Edmund  Winston,  Han- 
over Courthouse,  Va.,  and  his  dam  was  Highland 
Lassie,  by  imported  Highlander,  second  dam  Algeria, 
by  Abdel  Kader,  and  third  dam  the  famous  Nina,  by 
Boston.  Algeria  was  bred  by  the  late  Major  Thomas 
Doswell,  Bullfield  stud.  Hanover  county,  wher§  Nina 
passed  most  of  her  life  and  dropped  her  long  list  of 

ijroErenv. 

"     ■  .«      ^      ^ 

James  A.  Graham,  who,  until  recently,  o\\Tied 
Gould  Hill  Farm,  near  Hanover  Courthouse,  Va., 
and  while  there  bred  such  good  ones  as  Virginia  Jim, 
2:12  1-2,  and  others,  was  here  during  the  past  week 
on  a  flying  trip  from  the  West.  Mr.  Graham  had 
Leewood,  the  sire  of  Virginia  Jim.  and  some  choicely- 
bred  brood  mares  at  Gould  Hill,  but  disposed  of  them 
a  few  years  ago.  He  has  now,  however,  re-entered 
the  horse  business  and  has  a  big  stable  of  trotters  and 
pacers  in  training  at  Monmouth,  111.  During  his 
residence  in  Virginia  Mr.  Graham  made  numbers 
of  friends  who  will  wish  him  all  success  in  the  new 
venture.  He  is  a  practical  horseman,  and  with  it, 
one  of  the  best  informed  students  of  blood  lines  and 
pedigrees  in  the  country. 

J«  J*  -Ji 

Tlie  Virginia-bred  trotter,  Ida  Gray,  bay  mare, 
foaled  1897,  by  Bursar,  2:17  1-4,  dam  Maiid,  by 
Walker  IMorrill,  made  a  good  showing  at  Brighton 
Beach,  N.  Y.,  during  the  recent  trotting  meeting 
there  by  winning  the  second  heat  of  the  2  :18  trot 
and  reducing  her  record  from  2  :19  1-4  to  2 :13  1-4. 
In  the  summary  Baron  Dillon  stood  for  first  money 
and  Ida  Gray  came  second.  She  was  bred  by  Smith 
Walters,  of  Onancock.  Bursar,  the  dead  son  of 
Stranger,  who  sired  Ida  Gray,  was  not  only  richly 
bred,  but  a  trotter  and  race  horse  as  well.  He  left 
a  number  of  his  get  on  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Virginia, 
and  his  blood  is  likely  to  breed  on  for  succeeding 
generations. 

,»t      .J*   ■  .jt 

Captain  Edward  R.  Baird,  whose  farm  is  near 
Occupacia,  Essex  county,  Va.,  has  some  promising 
young  horses,  owned  and  bred  by  himself,  and  sired 
by  Judge  Morrow,  thoroughbred  son  of  "\''agabond 
and  Moonlight. 

Captain  Baird's  collection  includes  a  pair  of 
young  geldings,  full  brothers,  4  and  5,  by  Judge 
^Vforrow,  dam  a  trotting  mare  that  he  thinks  highly 
of,  and  later  may  Imve  them  titted  up  for  the  show 
I'ing'-  Broad  Rock. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEI^  PLANTER. 


581 


Miscellaneous. 


CLIMATIC  FACTS,  FIGURES  AND  FEATURES  RE- 
LATING TO  THE  MIDDLE  ATLANTIC  SEA- 
BOARD. 

Editor  Soidhern  Planter: 

The  one  warm  day  for  the  summer  ot  1903  was 
96,  on  July  3d.  The  warmest  day  in  Angiist  so  far 
(18th  instant)  is  90.  July  gave  xis  only  four  inches 
of  rain,  but  it  was  nicely  distributed  throughout  the 
month  in  eight  showers.  Rain  fell  on  lhe  -Ith,  Gth, 
7th,  13th,  14th,  20th,  23d,  and  31st ;  seven  days  be- 
ing the  longest  time  between  showers.  With  a  heavy 
dew  at  night,  and  four  inches  of  rain  well  distribu- 
ted, we  manage  to  get  along  very  well,  although  the 
average  rainfall  for  July  for  the  past  thirty-three 
years  has  been  .5.87  inches. 

The  greatest  rainfall  for  July  ever  recorded  was 
10.69  inches,  in  1889;  the  least  ever  recorded  was 
2.02  inches,  in  1878.  The  average  temperature  for 
July,  1903,  was  79,  which  is  exactly  the  average  for 
Jiily  for  past  thirty-three  years. 

The  rainfall  for  first  half  of  August  is  a  little  less 
than  three  inches.  The  average  rainfall  for  August 
for  past  thirty-three  years  has  been  .5.82  inches.  The 
greatest  rainfall  for  August  was  in  1875,  when  10.37 
inches  fell;  the  smallest  rainfall  for  August  was  1.74 
inches. 

The  average  rainfall  for  July  and  August  com- 
bined for  past  thirty-three  years  has  been  11.69 
inches  per  year,  and  the  average  niimber  of  rain^  for 
the  two  months  twenty.  Just  think  of  nearly  twelve 
inches  of  rain  falling  in  twenty  showers  during  sixty 
days  in  midsummer,  averaging  one  shower  for  each 
three  days. 

More  rain  falls  in  July  and  August  (two  months) 
than  in  December,  January  and  February  (three 
months).  That  is  the  kind  of  a  rainfall  to  have — 
have  it  when  you  need  it,  and  can  use  it  to  best  ad- 
vantage. 

The  average  rainfall  for  December  for  the  past 
thirty-three  years  is  3.45  inches;  for  January,  3.32 
inches,  and  for  February,  3.80  inches,  which  equals 
10.57  inches  for  the  three  winter  months,  and  this  is 
1.12  inches  less  than  for  the  two  months  of  Julv  and 
August. 

Plenty  of  these  facts,  figures  and  features  are  fur- 
nished by  the  Government,  showing  the  advantages 
of  a  mild  climate  and  a  liberal  and  well  distributed 
rainfall. 

Think  of  timothy  hay  selling  here  at  twenty-one 


dollars  per  ton  retail,  and  clover  at  seventeen  dollars 
per  ton,  and  such  good  soil  as  we  have,  and  such  good 
growing  weather  for  hay.  It  is  a  fact,  that  hay  is 
quoted  in  our  markets  to-day  (18th  August)  as  fol- 
lows: 

'No.  1  Timothy,  $20  to  $21  per  ton. 

:Nro.  1  Mixed,  $19  per  ton. 

No.  2  Mixed,  $18  per  ton. 

Clover,  $17  per  ton. 

And  thousands  of  acres  of  good  hay  lands  here 
lying  idle.  This  condition  of  things  pleads  strongly 
for  immigration.  The  soil  here,  climate  here,  mark- 
ets here,  but  the  hay  men  are  not  here. 

The  market  gardeners  are  here  as  good  as  can  be 
found  anywhere,  but  the  all-round  farmer  is  not 
here.  "The  all-wrtol-and-yard-wide-hay-seeded  and 
horny  handed"  stock  and  hay  farmer  is  not  here. 
Therefore  our  surplus  money  goes  to  the  West  and 
Northwest  for  hay,  pork,  beef,  bi:tter,  cheese,  etc., 
which  soil  prodticts  should  all  be  made  right  here  in 
Eastern  Virginia,  near  the  sea.  Right  here  on  this 
^Middle  Atlantic  seaboard. 

One  would  think,  that  with  the  facts,  figures  and 
features  furnished  by  our  Boards  of  Trade,  always 
before  our  people,  showing  our  great  purchases  of 
the  ordinary  farm  staples  from  the  far  West,  in  con- 
nection with  our  surplus  lands  lying  idle,  and  with 
the  splendid  advice  and  instruction  given  them,  in 
each  and  every  issue  of  the  Pt.antee,  one  would 
think  our  people  would,  could,  or  should,  wake  up 
to  the  necessity  of  doing  something  besides  plodding 
along  in  the  peanut  and  tobacco  ruts,  made  by  their 
grandfathers.  But  we  fear  thev  are  "wedded  to 
their  idols" — peanuts  and  tobacco. 

We'll  h,ave  to  "let  them  alone"  and  turn  hopefully 
to  the  East.  North  and  West  for  general  farmers  to 
utilize  our  good  lands  lying  idle,  and  raise  thereon 
the  crops  we  now  purchase  outside  the  State. 

Norfolk,  Ya.  A.  Jeffers. 


NO  HAWKS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

To  kill  all  the  hawks,  take  one  or  two  broods  of 
chickens  and  mix  strychnine  with  enough  grease  to 
stick  and  grease  the  tops  of  the  heads  of  the  chickens, 
and  a  little  on  the  top  of  the  back  of  the  neck.  Turn 
these  out  and  let  the  hawks  catch  them.  Keep  the 
rest  of  hens  and  chickens  up  one  or  two  days.  There 
will  be  no  more  trouble  with  hawks. 

Campbell  Co.,  Va.  W.  H.  Mattox. 


582 


THE  SOUTHEi:X  Fl.AXTER. 


[September 


VIRGINIA  FARMS. 
Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Having  been  a  reader  of  vour  journal  for  a  mim- 
ber  of  years,  I  have  been  impressed  with  the  fact  that 
very  little  has  ever  been  WTitten  to  the  Plaxtek 
from  this  sifction  of  Virginia,  and  from  the  nature 
of  the  enquiries  I  have  had  for  farms  in  answer  to 
my  advertisement  in  your  journal,  and  the  multi- 
plicity of  questions  asked.  I  am  going  to  ask  the  privi- 
lege of  replying  to  a  great  many  of  these  questions 
by  giving  a  short  description  of  Fairfax  county  in 
the  Planter.  If  one  will  consulftlle  map,  it  will 
be  seen  that  Fairfax  county  is  one  of  the  border 
counties,  lying  aJpTip  the  south  side  of  the  Potomac 
river,  and  ver\'  near  the  District  of  Columbia.  It 
has  a  popul^iou.of  about  20,000,  and  enjoys  the 
comfort  of  beiftjr  out  of  debt,  consequently  has  a  low 
rate  of  taxation,  abSut  f  1.10  on  the  $100.  It  has  a 
great  variety  of  soils,  adapted  to  all  kinds  and 
classes  of  farming,  such  as  trucking,  fruit  and  her 
ries.  General  farming,  hogs,  cattle  and  horses  and 
dairying. 

Drainsville  and  Centreville  districts  lie  in  the 
northern  edge  of  the  county,  and  join  Loudoun 
county.  The  soil  of  these  districts  is  generally  a 
chocolate  clay  and  loam,  and  has  a  stiff  clay  sub- 
soil, and  generally  underlayed  with  a  kind  of  rotten 
limestone;  it  is  exactly  the  same  class  of  soil  found 
in  ^lontgomery  and  Frederick  counties,  !^[d.,  and 
cannot  be  excelled  for  com,  wheat,  oats  and  timothv 
and  clover.  A  great  many  of  the  farmers  here  aver- 
age 75  bushels  of  corn  per  acre  and  t^vo  tons  of  hay. 
As  a  rule,  the  farmers  who  work  are  prosperous,  and 
have  nice  homes.  Good  homes  can  be  bought  here 
ranging  in  prices  from  $12.50  to  $50  per  acre,  and 
the  elevation  is  from  four  to  five  hundred  feet  above 
the  sea  level. 

I  am  asked  why  the  same  class  of  land  is  so  much 
cheaper  in  Virginia  than  it  is  in  Maryland.     This  is 


true,  and  is  due  to  the  fact  that  while  the  natural 
quality  of  the  soil  is  about  the  same,  the  ^Maryland 
land  has  been  fai'med  better,  and  is  in  a  higher  state 
of  improvement  as  a  whole.  The  5[aryland  side  of 
the  Potomac  river  has  enjoyed  advantages  of  the 
city  markets  that  the  Virginia  side  did  not.  It  has 
only  been  a  few  years  since  the  bridge  across  the  river 
from  the  Virginia  side  into  Washington  was  made  a 
free  bridge,  and  it  was  during  the  last  session  of  (.'on- 
gi-ess  that  the  electric  car  lines  were  granted  the  right 
to  cross  this  bridge  from  Virginia  into  Washington; 
now  we  have  three  (o)  sej^arate  corporations  build- 
ing and  operating  electric  roads  in  Fairfax  county, 
and  we  hope  by  this  fall  to  see  these  roads  all  crossing 
the  bridge  into  the  city,  so  you  can  see  that  under 
these  circumstances  Virginia  lands  have  not  been  so 
much  in  demand  as  they  should  have  been,  consider- 
ing their  proximity  to  the  city.  Before  the  civil 
war  the  \'irginia  lands  here  were  owned  in  large 
estates,  say  from  500  to  1,500  acres  in  an  estate,  and 
worked  by  slaves,  and  when  the  war  was  ended  some 
of  these  large  estates  were  left  without  labor  or  money 
to  operate  them,  and  if  any  of  the  sons  of  these  large 
freeholders  were  fortunate  enough  to  return  from  the 
war,  they  had  not  been  taught  and  had  no  practical 
experience  in  fanning,  and  the  resiilt  was  these  large 
estates  '  which,  as  a  rule,  had  been  stripped  of  every- 
thing Ijv  the  armies  of  both  sides)  were  left  to  groV 
up  in  timber,  or  to  be  farmed  by  renters,  and  being 
situated  so  near  a  good  market,  naturally  these  ten- 
ants hauled  all  grain,  hay,  etc.,  to  market,  and  there- 
by robbed  the  land  of  its  living,  by  not  feeding  it  at 
home.  After  this  condition  of  affairs  had  lasted  for 
fifteen  to  twenty  years  men  from  Xorth  and  other 
sections  of  the  country  came  here  and  bought  land 
cheap,  and  begaii  improving  it  by  the  method  of 
dairying  and  stock  raising,  and  these  improved  lands 
will  equal  any  in  the  State  in  the  production  of  grain 
and  hay,  and  I  believe  I  speak  correctly  when  I  say 
that  Fairfax  and  Loudoun  counties  are  to-day  pro- 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER 


583 


ducing  more  milk,  beef,  pork  and  horses  than  any 
other  two  counties  in  the  State  of  the  same  size. 
Dtiring  the  year  beginning  Jnne  2d,  1902,  and  end- 
ing .Time  1  ^,  190?i,  the  records  of  the  clei-k's  oiRce 
show  that  485  deeds  wei'e  recorded  for  the  transfer  of 
real  estate  in  Fairfax  county,  and  a  majority  of  the 
purchasers  are  from  other  counties  in  the  State,  such 
as  Wj-the,  Pulaski,  Tazewell,  Highland,  Kockbridge, 
Augusta,  "Rockingham,  Page,  Clarke  and  Loudoun 
counties.  Farmers  are  selling  their  lands  in  these 
counties  for  good  prices,  and  coming  here  and  buying 
equally  as  productive  lands  for  less  money,  and  get- 
ting the  advantages  of  better  prices  for  their  produce, 
and  with  the  probability  of  a  rapid  advance  in  the 
value  of  these  lands  each  year.  We  enjoy  the  best 
of  railroad  accommodation  :  the  Bluemont  division  of 
the  Southern  Railroad  gives  us  ten  local  passenger 
trains  a  day,  and  in  the  very  near  future  we  expect  to 
be  hauling  a  great  deal  of  our  farm  products  into 
Washington  and  Baltimore  on  the  electric  railroads. 
Our  county  highways  are  nearly  all  level,  and  usually 
good,  and  under  our  new  road  law,  and  the  "good 
roads  spirit,"  among  our  people,  we  expect  soon  to 
have  them  very  gi-eatly  improved.  Wlien  one  travels 
over  this  section  and  sees  the  miles  of  trenches  and 
breastworks  dug  and  oast  up  by  those  who  wore  the 
"blue  and  gray."  it  serves  to  teach  us  (who  were  too 
yoiing  to  participate  in  those  battles)  something  of 
the  enormity  of  the  struggle,  and  we  can  give  thanks 
to  the  God  of  oxxv  fathers  that  our  country  is  at 
peace,  and  that  the  children  of  the  North  and  the 
South  are  living  here  together  in  peace  and  unity, 
hoping  that  the  awfulness  of  that  struggle  may  never 
be  repeated. 

With  this  I  hand  you  a  picture  of  a  Fairfax  farm 
buildings,  which,  I  trust,  will  serve  to  make  an  im- 
pression upon  some  of  your  readers,  as  to  what  Fair- 
fax has.  This  farm  has  300  acres  of  highly  im- 
]iroved  land,  and  will  harvest  this  year  something 
like  two  tons  of  hay  per  acre  on  seventy  acres.  Pas- 
tures 40  cows  and  10  horses,  7.5  acres  in  corn  and  20 
acres  in  v.'heat 


each  100  pounds  of  pork  produced,  or  about  1,210 
pounds  of  meal  saved  by  three-sixteenths  of  an  acre 
of  rape.  All  pig  weights  mentioned  are  live  weight. 
IMany  other  lots  have  been  fed  similarly  with  similar 
results.  In  11102  sixty  pigs  were  fed  on  an  acre  and 
a  half.  In  addition  to  the  rape  pasture  about  500 
pounds  of  meal  was  required  for  each  pig  from  wean- 
ing time  to  an  average  of  185  pounds  live  weight  in 
October  or  November. 


VIRGINIA  AS  A  HOME. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Nothing  has  tended  so  much  to  the  hindrance  of 
Virginia  progress,  since  her  new  dispensation  or 
emaaicipation,  than  outside  misconception  of  her 
social  status  and  the  diversity  of  the  topographv  from 
the  breaking  offthe  ocean  waves  to  the  crests  of  the 
Alleghany  mountains.  Many  English  and  Northern 
men  have  stepped  on  the  trains  at  Virginia  depots 
Avho,  if  they  had  been  content  with  a  quiet,  economi- 
cal country  home,  and  a  safe  investment  in  interest-'"*"'*!, 
bearing  secuq,ties,  would  have  left  a  posterity  at- 
tached to'the  soil.  The  whole  ,  or  the  greater  part 
of  the  trouble  jpras  that  they  would  farm  ;  would  farm 
under  conditi  in  which  the  man  to  the  manor  born 
saw  failuri'  I  himself,  then  what  hope  for  the 

greenhorn — a  hope  vanished  with  his  capital.  He 
thought  he  coijI^,  SHCi^eed  where  all  else  failed.  Of 
course  there  ^6 /e'x.ceptions,  alas  how  few!  to  prove 
the  rule. 

Had  Virgi^a  been  allowed  to  explain,  or  rather 
had  the  newcomer  been  open  to  receive  explanation, 
she  would  have  pointed  out  the  suitability  of  her 
Tidewater  districts  for  trucking;  of  the  Piedmont 
for  fruit,  and  |he  Valley  and  mountains  at  its  back 
for  grazing — i.  e.,  the  pre-eminence  of  each  of  the 
sections   for   those   prominent   enterprises — Pullaski 


wishes  to  wager  on  the  weight  of  a  lamb — but  will  it 
Our  wheat  crop  is  not  well  filled  |  bet  on  the  size  of  a  fish  or  water  melon  ?     Not  but 


this  year,  but  corn  promises  to  be  tine.  I  have  had 
several  inquiries  as  to  the  best  method  of  applying 
lime.  T  will  give  the  experience  of  some  of  the  best 
of  our  farmers  on  this  subject  next  month. 

Fo.uquier  Co.,  Ya.  W.  E.  Mit.ler. 


PIGS  ON  RAPE. 

On  the  experimental  farm,  in  one  instance,  says 
the  Farmer's  Advocate  of  London,  Ont.,  six  pigs  were 
pastured  from  August  14th  till  snow  of  1900  on 
three-sixteenths  of  an  acre  of  rape.  To  produce  100 
pounds  of  pork  only  200  pounds  of  meal  was  required 
in  addition  to  the  rape.  The  average  amount  of  meal 
required  for  100  pounds  of  pork  is  425  pounds 


that  lambs,  melons  and  fish  for  that  matter  can  be 
raised  all  o\-er  Yirginia,  still  to  excel  they  have  their 
sectional  partialities.  Possibilities  are  one  thing, 
but  M-ell  recognized  accreditments  are  safer  gTound. 
Piedmont  Virginia  is  becoming  known  as  pre- 
eminently a  home  for  those  who  insist  upon  as  favor- 
able a  climate  as  can  be  all  round  got  in  the  Northern 
Hemisphere  of  this  orb ;  desire  cultured  societv,  and 
whilst  interesting  themselves  in  a  country  home, 
look  upon  farming  as  an  occupation,  though  not  one 
to  be  allowed  to  grow  into  an  anxiety.  There  are  no 
politics  such  as  drive  multi-millionaires  to  seek  peace 
in  Europe;  they  being  in  Virginia  reduced  to  mere 
family  squabbles.     The  lavish  and  the  economic  cati 


The  .      .  , 

use  of  rape,  therefore,  saved  156  pounds  of  meal  on  each  comply  with  their  tastes,  enjoying  the  peaceful 


584 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[September 


ness  of  a  well-ordereH  community  withoTit  its  cut  and 
dried  feeling,  seeing  that  Virginia  offers  a  field  for 
the  pleasure  of  metamorphosizing. 

Those  who  wish  to  invest  in  the  soil,  and  are  will- 
ing and  able  to  hold  the  plow  and  milk  the  cow.  will 
find  a  much  more  congenial  state  of  circumstancr-s 
than  twenty-five  or  thirty  years  ago  in  the  mixed 
agricultnre  districts.  White  lahor  is  predominating, 
so  there  is  a  congeniality  whieli  was  lacking.  Tra- 
ditions draw  a  smile,  and  if  the  new  comer  is  wise  in 
his  generation  he  will  give  more  heed  to  future  pnis 
pert  than  expectation  founded  on  past  resiilts ;  for 
insects,  crossing  oceans,  continents  and  investigating 
islands,  it  would  be  strange  indeed  if  they  shunned 
the  bright  lands  of  fair  Virginia.  So  he  who  reaps 
must  not  only,  these  times,  sow,  but  fight,  if  not 
against  the  aggrieved  savage  or  wild  beast,  against 
the  more  insidious  enemy,  with  consolation,  however, 
that  the  whole  army  of  agricultural  martyrs  are  in 
the  fight. 

The  best  and  truest  point  to  get  a  view  of  modern 
Virginia  is  not  from  statistics,  but  at  local  horse 
shows,  where  a  well  dressed,  orderly,  largely  pre- 
dominating Anglo-Saxon  crowd,  drawing  its  support 
directly  from  the  soil,  and  not  yet  thickened  by 
manufacture,  is  to  be  encountered.  Why,  Virginia's 
quite  a  pretty  country,  with  its  red  rolling  hills  in 
their  many  tints,  exclaimed  an  English  lady,  I  ex- 
■  peeted  to  find  America  agriculturally  a  network  of 
ugly,  flat  sections,  but  Virginia  farms  would  make 
lovely  parks.  W.  M. 

Albe7narle  Co.,  Va. 


THE  POLAND  CHINA  HOG. 

Editor  Soufhern  Planter: 

There  are  so  few  genuine  Poland  (Jhina  hogs  in 
the  South  that  the  Southern  farmer  has  never  been 
really  awakened  to  his  merit  as  a  money  maker.  The 
Poland  China  is  undoubtedly  the  easiest  hdg  to  fat- 
ten that  we  have,  and  consequently  the  most  profit- 
able. In  the  West  they  have  long  since  earned  for 
themselves  the  title  of  mortgage  lifter,  and  wherever 
else  pro])erly  bred  and  cared  for  have  proven  their 
right  to  this  title.  They  are  good  for  lard,  and 
equally  as  good  for  liacon.  To  those  who  have  thor- 
oughly tested  the  bacon  of  the  different  breeds  of  pure 
bred  swine,  the  fact  must  be  evident  that  the  bacon 
of  the  Poland  China  hog  is  excelled  by  none.  The 
Poland  China  has  no  superior  as  a  grazer,  and  at  the 
same  time  he  is  quiet;  not  restless  and  rougish  like 
some.  His  general  appearance  indicates  docility. 
His  ears  flap,  and  do  not  stand  erect  like  those  of  a 
jackass,  ever  on  the  lookout  for  a  hole  to  get  through 


or  low  places  to  get  over.  The  Poland  China's  whole 
disposition  seems  to  be  bent  on  finding  something  to 
eat,  and  then  a  place  to  lie  down,  snooze  and  make 
money  for  his  owner.  In  my  opinion,  the  South 
need  never  hope  to  furnish  its  own  meat  and  lard 
supply  until  more  attention  is  given  to  this  gi-eat 
lireed  of  sw!!ie.  If  properly  bred  and  cared  for  it 
will  do  for  the  Southern  farmer  what  it  has  done  for 
the  Western  farmer — that  is,  raise  his  mortgages  and 
make  him  contented  with  his  calling;  for  where  there 
is  a  big  profit  there  is  generally  contentment. 
Alhemarle  Co.,  Ya.  '  X.  Y.  Z. 


COMBINATION  AUCTION  SALE. 

For  the  Distribution  of  Breeding  and  Other 

Classes  of  Animals. 
Editor  Soidhern  Planter: 

It  is  recognized  by  all  breeders  of  live  stock  that 
in  order  to  produce  good  animals  we  must  use  only 
good  sires  of  the  proper  type  and  bred  in  proper 
lines.  At  certain  seasons  of  the  year  the  breeder 
and  farmer  is  on  the  lookout  for  pure  bred  stock  for 
breeding  purjioses,  and  naturally  prefers  to  buy  in  a 
market  where  he  has  a  large  and  varied  choice  with- 
out huckstering,  the  seller  also  benefitting  by  getting 
the  fiill  value  of  his  animals  as  determined  by  public 
competition.  The  combination  sale  we  held  July 
30th  we  hope  to  follow  up  periodically,  and  though 
we  looked  for  no  great  success  at  starting,  yet  at  the 
recent  sale  nine  months'  Polled  Angus  Bulls  made 
up  to  $90,  2  months'  Berkshire  pigs  to  $9-,  and 
Hampshire  Down  rams  from  $2.5  for  two  shear 
sheep  to  $7.-50  for  lambs.  We  had  calls  for  Here- 
fords  and  Shropshires,  which,  on  account  of  the  heat 
of  the  weather,  though  entered,  were  not  on  hand. 

Orange  Co.,  Va.  [Macon  &  Co. 

We  should  like  to  see  more  of  these  public  sales  in 
the  various  sections  of  the  South.  They  would  help 
farmers  and  stock  breeders. — Ed. 


GOVERNMENT  WHITEWASH. 

Slack  half  a  bushel  of  good,  fresh  lime  in  boiling 
water,  keeping  it  covered  during  the  process.  Strain 
it  and  add  a  jieck  of  salt  dissolved  in 'water,  three 
pounds  of  ground  rice  boiled  to  a  thin  paste,  half  a 
]iound  of  powdered  Spanish  whiting  and  a  pound  of 
clear  glue  dissolved  in  warm  water.  Mix  these  well 
together,  and  let  the  mixture  stand  for  several  days. 
Keep  the  wash  thus  prepared  in  a  kettle  or  portable 
furnace,  and  put  on  as  hot  as  possible.  This  wash 
is  nearly  as  durable  as  paint  on  wood  or  stone  in  the 
open  air. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


601 


We  are  Going  to  ■■■^l^MBI^^^HH^HB 

^nvoa . CHATHAM  FANNING  MILL 

On  60  Days'  Approval 

to  convince  yoD  of  its  saperiority  over  any  fanning  naill  yon  ever  heard 
of.  If  that  isn't  long  enough  time  we  will  take  yourTliree  VearsNote. 
WK  KNOW  what  the  Chatham  will  do  for  you,  how  much  money  it 
will  make,  how  much  it  wilt  save  yon,  how  strong  it  is,  how  easily  it  runs 
and  the  perfect  work  it  accomplishes.  It  will  clean  and  grade  your 
seed  trrain,  will  enable  you  to  sell  your  clean  ^ain  at  the  top  price,  will 
save  the  timothy  seed  from  the  yearly  crop  of  grain,  save  the  screenings 
for  fi»ed  for  your  stock.  The  Chatham  will  clean  and  grade  any 
kind  of  seed  or  grain.  The  new  bagging  attachment  saves  the  work  of 
one  man.  We  have  already  sold  OVER  one  hundred  thousand  (100,000) 
of  them  in  every  part  of  the  0.  S.  and  Canada,  and  are  not  going  to  stop 
until  we  place  one  in  the  Iiands  of  every  farmer,  stock  raiser  and  seeds- 
man in  North  America.  We  want  yon  to  send  us  your  name  and  address. 
We  will  then  send  you  tbe  most  instructive  book,  free, 


"How  to  Make  Dollars  Out  of  Wind. 


It  tells  ways  of  making  easy  money  that  you  never  tbougbt 
of.      We    will     also   outline  our    THKEE    YEARS' 

Plau  of  selling  you  a  Chatham.  It  will  surprise  you 
by  its  liberality  and  convince  you  that  we  believe  in  our 
mill.  It  gives  you  a  chance  to  let  the  mill  pay  you  before 
you  pay  us  for  the  mill. 

Here  are  some  of  the  things  others  have  done  with  the 
help  of  the  Chatham  Fanning  mill: 

Fred  Dletz,  Kansomville,  N.  Y.,  got  1108  cash  for  timothy 
seed  out  of  his  wheat,  and  dldn'  t  know  there  was  any  there. 

O.E.Perkins,  Hallsport,  N.Y.,  got  $550  more  for  1000  bushels 
of  wheat  than  his  neighbor  did.  FerklnB  used  the  Chatham: 
oelghbor  didn't- 

D.  M.Betbune.  Betbune.  S.  0..  obtains  SI  extra  on  every 
100  pounds  of  rice  by  using  the  Obatbam. 


Now  nrite  as  and  get  that  free  book  and  our 

proposition  to  make  yon  money.    Address 


Ji/GH  Shoals  Manufacturinq  Company, 

YARNS,  SUiKTlNGS,  CfciJ!:CK.S,  STRjJ>ES.  ETC 

Igenla  for  Chaihan  Fanning  Ui\lo,<^^y^  ^pa/».  ^a.„  «ay  25th,   1903 


Athens,   Ga   , 

Gent  lament 

The  Chatham  Fanning  Mill  bought 
than  I   first  thought.     As  you  know  I  did 
I  had  begun 


.3.    I    fani 

I  planting  cai 

the  Panning  Mill  ^ 


f  you  la  by  far  a  Dore  valuable 

machine  until 
ton.  When  the  Fanning  Hill  arrived,  in  order 
f  the  remainder  of  the  seed  of  ay 


that  I  can  afford  to  do  without  this  mai 
for  It.  I  have  had  several  of  my  neighl 
speak  In  the  highest  of  terms  so  far  as 
used  It  on  ootton  seed  and  fanning  peas 
think  of  doing  without  it  at  even  twice 
Vours 
Plot,  to  V.  G. 


a  difference.  In  addition  to 
of  the  seed.  I  do  not  think 

von  at  double  the  price  I  paid 
fan  their  seed  and  they  all 

an  see  at  present.  I  have  ooly 

3  stated  above  I  vould  not 


116  Wesson  Avenue,  Detroit,  Mich. 


A  CHEERFUL  VIEW. 

Two  men  who  had  been  sitting  to- 
gether in  the  seat  near  the  door  of  a 
railway  car  became  engaged  in  an  ani- 
mated controversy,  and  their  loud 
voices  attracted  the  attention  of  all 
the  other  passengers.  Suddenly  one  of 
them  rose,  and  said,  "Ladies  and  gen- 
tlemen, I  appeal  to  you  to  decide  a  dis- 
puted point.  My  friend  here  insists 
that  not  more  tian  three  people  out  of 
every  five  believe  they  have  souls.  I 
take  a  more  cheerful  view  of  humanity 
than  that.  AVill  all  of  you  who  be- 
lieve you  have  souls  raise  your  right 
hands?" 

Every  hand  went  up. 

"Thank  you."  he  said,  with  a  smile. 
Keep  them  up  just  a  minute.  Now 
will  all  of  you  who  believe  in  a  here- 
after raise  your  left  hands  also?" 

"Thank  you,"  he  said.  "Now,  while 
all  of  you  have  your  hands  raised,"  he 
continued,  drawing  a  pair  of  revolvers, 
and  levelling  them,  "my  friend  here 
will  relieve  you  of  whatever  valuable 
articles  you  may  have." — Implement 
Trade  Journal. 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  num- 
bers can  be  had  tor  25  cents.  Address 
our  Business  Office. 


SUNNY     HOME     HERD    OF 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS    CATTLE. 

Baron  Roscboy,  B7666,  by  the  great  Gay  Blackbird,  dam  by  Bulalles  Eric,  2d  prize 
yearling  at  Columbian  Exposition,  1893,  heads  the  herd.  Pedigree  means  only  the  tracing 
of  good  or  bad  qualities  through  several  generations.  The  animals  comprising  this  herd 
are  direct  descendants  of  the  greatest  prize-winners  of  the  breed  for  the  past  twenty-flve 
years.  Does  this  mean  anything  to  you,  who  are  in  neod  of  an  animal  of  this  the  GREAT- 
EST BEEF  BREED?    If  so,  come  and  see  the  best  lot  of  calves  we  ever  bred,  or  write. 

A    L.  FRENCH,  Proprietor,  R.  F.  D.  2  ,  Byrdville,  Va. 

(Note  change  of  P.   O.   address), 
Depot  and  shipping  point,  Fitzgerald,  N.  C,  on  D.  &  W.  R'y,  24  miles  southwest  of  Dan- 
ville. Va. 


VIRGINIA   DIVISION. 

Farmers  Mutual  Benefit  Association 

A  Fire  Insurance  Association,  chartered  by  the  State  of  Virginia,  for 
farmers,  under  an  amended  and  well  protected  plan. 

Insures  in  counties  surrounding  and  accessible  to  Richmond,  against  Fire 
and  Lightning,  only  country  property — no  stores  or  unsafe  risks.  Policy-holders 
amply  secured — all  legitimate  losses  paid.  Average  cost  per  year  less  than  other 
plans,  and  a  great  saving  to  farmers.  Amount  of  property  now  Insured,  $330,000, 
and  increasing  yearly.     Estimated  securiey  in  real  and  other  estate,  $750,000. 

For  further  information,  address,  CHAS.  N.  FRIEND,  General  Agent, 

MENTION  THIS  JOUKNAL.  CHESTER,  VIRGINIA. 


602 


THE  SOUTHEKX  PT.AXTER. 


[  September 


SWEET  POTATOES. 

A  pamphlet,  "Cultivation  and  Storase 
of  Sweet  Potatoes."  gives,  as  is  be- 
lieved, a  more  practical  plan  for  keeping 
potatoes  than  any  other  that  has  here- 
tofore been  placed  before  the  people. 
Important  and  valuable  information 
that  is  not  contained  in  any  other 
known  publication  is  here  given.  Po- 
tatoes can  thus  easily  be  kept  in  good 
eonditlon  12  months  or  longer.  The 
pamphlet  is  worth,  even  to  life-long  po- 
tato growers,  much  more  than  the 
price  asked. 

A.  F.  Funderburg.  Dudley,  S.  C,  in 
speaking  of  this  pamphlet,  says:  "I 
would  not  lake  ten  times  its  cost  for 
it." 

The  pamphlet  has  been  Introduced 
Into  19  States  and  3  Territories.  The 
plans  are  simple  and  easily  understood. 
They  can  be  made  available  for  old 
style  potato  houses,  or  for  new  ones, 
specially  built,  preferably  the  latter. 
Order  now.    Do  not  delay. 

Price.  50  cents,  postpaid.     Address 
BRYAN  rV'SON, 
Carthage.  N.  C. 

I  have  a  few  copies  of  a  formula  for 
excluding    moth    from     beehives    that 
will  be  sent,  as  long  as  they  last,  with- 
out charge,  to  those  who  request  it. 
B.  T. 


THE  WORLD'S  BEST  JERSEYS. 

Best  of  Cows  in  Illinois  in  Training  for 

World's  Fair  Dairy  Test. 

The  most  valuable  herd  of  Jersey  cat- 
tle ever  assembled  at  any  one  point 
may  be  seen  on  a  model  farm  at  Jersey- 
vlUe.  Jersey  county.  111.  The  worth  of 
this  herd  can  only  be  approximated, 
for  the  cattle  are  not  for  sale.  An  of- 
fer of  $1.5,000  for  a  single  member  was 
promptly  declined,  and  not  an  animal 
would  bring  less  than  $500  if  placed  on 
the  market  to-day. 

The  cows  are  the  property  of  Indi- 
vidual members  of  the  American  Jer- 
sey Cattle  Club,  and  they  are  assembled 
because  they  are  the  best  qualified  'o 
make  up  a  herd  that  will  represent  the 
Jersey  breed  in  the  great  dairy  demon- 
stration arranged  for  the  World's  Fair 
at  St.  Louis  in  1904  by  F.  D.  Coburn, 
Chief  of  Live  Stock. 

Unequalled  care  and  attention  is  be- 
ing given  these  cattle.  No  athlete 
trained  for  an  event  requiring  the  de- 
velopment of  strength,  endurance  and 
skill  ever  received  more  attention  than 
is  being  bestowed  on  these  full-blood 
Jerseys.  When  the  Louisiana  1'urcha.se 
Exposition  opens  its  gates  on  April 
SOth  next  year  the  herd  will  have  be^n 
in  constant  training  for  a  full  year, 
and  will  be  in  the  pink  of  condition. 

Twenty-five  cows  will  participate  in 
the  test  at  the  World's  Fair  and  fif- 
teen cows  are  held  in  reserve,  to  be 
substituted  should  occasion  require. 
Great  caution  and  judgment  was  exer- 
cised in  the  selection  of  these  candi- 
dates. The  committee  was  free  to  se- 
lect from  any  of  the  250.000  registered 
Jerseys  In  America,  and  the  animals 


k 


ARMOUR'S  BLOOD  MEAL'^r." 

First  proved  by  the  Kansas  Ag^ricnltural  Experiment  Station,  and  sine* 

corroborated  by  thousands  of  leading  stockmen  who  have  nsed  it  without 

a  single   failure.      Equally  effective  for  the  diarrhea  of  all  animals. 

PREVENTS  weak  bones,  paralysis  of  the  hind  legs  and  "thmnps" 

in  pigs;  "big  head"  of  foals;    "rickets"  of   all   young   animals} 

abortion  due  to  incomplete  nutrition,  and  a  host  of  other  troubles. 

A  Potent  Food  for  Work  Horses,  Dairy  Cows,  Poultry. 

Write  us  for  booklet  giving  valuable  Information  about  Blood  Meal  and  our 
other  feeding  products.  Consult  us  free  of  charge  regarding  stock  diseases. 

THE  ARMOUR  FERTILIZER  WORKS, 
Chloaso.        Omaha.        Baltimore.         Atlanta.        Jaoksonvllls. 


Reg.  HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN 

CATTLE  of  the  Netherland,  De  Kol,  Clothilda,  Pietertje 

and  Artis  families.     Heavy  milkers  aud  rich  in  butter 

fat.     Stock  of  all  ages  for  sale. 


Reg.    BERKSHIRES 


From   noted   strains.   Imported    Headlight,   Lord 
-Highclere  and  Sunrise. 


DORSET  SHEEF^ 


B.  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  CHICKENS, 

N.  &  W.  and  Southern  R.  R.  T.  O.  SANDY,  Burkevllle,  Va. 


WE  OFFER 


<* 

a  few  well-bred  registered  Jersey 
Bull  and  heifer  Calves  at  $30  each. 
They  are  four  months  old  and  from  best  strains  of  this 
breed  ;  also  a  few  young  Berkshire  boars  large  enough 
for  service  at  $15  each,  and  pigs  eight  weeks  old  at  $6 
each — by  pair  or  trio,  not  akin. 


M.  B.  ROWE  &  CO., 


Fredericksburg,   Va 


»:jacxjc>>>>>>>:i»>:«>;«>.>>>>;je«y>>>>>>>;>>«>i>»>>:ie>:i^^ 


NOW  IS  THE  TIME  to  buy  HOLSTEINS  from  the  Ury  Farm  Herd. 

Ury  Alwina  Count  I'aul  De  Kol:  De  Kol  iml  Biilter  Boy  Srd  Xo.  2,  and  Lord  Harford  De  Kol  head 
our  herd.  You  know  their  official  backing.  There  is  nothing  better.  15  bull  calves  at  bargain 
I>riees.  Their  dams  are  of  the  De  Kol,  Aaggle,  Netherland,  Pietertje  and  Clothide  strains  and  are  o. 
the  producing  kind.  The  best  bulls  are  sold  young;  also  a  few  cows  and  heifers.  Choice  ENGLISH 
BERKSHIRE  pigs  of  the  best  strains.    Before  buying,  correspond  with  or  visit 

THOS.  FASSITT  &  SONS,  Sylmar,  Md. 


f  positively  guarantee   to  breed 
:tna    -liip    the  \  KKV   liK>T  strains  of 


M 
thoroiiL'lihreJ  rejiistered  LARGE 
ENGLISH  BERKSHIRE 
Hogs  fur  LESS  MONEY  than  any  other 
firm  in  the  U.  S.,  the  .superiority  of  our 
stock  considered  Send  us  your  order 
and  we  will  satisfy  you  lioth  in  price 
and  stock.  WALTER  B.  FLEMING. 

Proprietor  of  the  Bridle  Creek  Stock  Farm,  Warrenton.  N.  C. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


603 


thus  come  from  all  sections  of  the 
United  States. 

The  owners  of  the  cattle  are  prosper- 
ous and  they  and  the  Jersey  Club  to 
which  they  belong  determined  to  spare 
no  expense  in  making  a  perfect  show- 
ing. The  cows  selected  from  widely 
separated  points,  some  coming  from 
Maine  and  some  from  Oregon,  some 
from  the  North  and  others  from  the 
South,  could  not  give  satisfactory  re- 
sults until  they  were  accustomed  to  the 
St.  Louis  climate,  so  a  point  near  St. 
Louis  was  desired  for  assembling  the 
herd,  and  as  A.  C.  Auten,  of  Evanston, 
III.,  a  member  of  the  Club,  tendered 
the  use,  gratuitously,  of  his  400-acre 
farm  on  the  outskirts  of  Jerseyville, 
his  proposition  was  accepted. 

This  farm,  JO  miles  from  St.  Louis, 
and  one  of  the  best  in  Illinois,  has  been 
pronounced  ideal  fo:  the  purpose,  snd 
there  the  work  of  getting  the  Jerseys 
in  condition  is  .going  forward. 

C.  T.  Graves,  of  Maitland.  Mo.,  a 
well-known  breeder  of  Jersey  cattle, 
and  an  expert  on  all  points  pertaining 
to  the  dairy,  was  selected  to  take 
charge  of  operations,  and  with  his 
family  he  moved  to  JerseyviUe  early 
in  1903  and  began  the  interesting  worlc. 
It  was  planned  to  construct  on  Mr, 
Auten's  farm  a  model  dairy  and  acces- 
sories, and  under  Mr.  Graves'  personal 
directions  this  has  been  done. 

First  he  designed  a  cow  stable,  which 
was  completed  early  in  July,  and  it  is 
probable  that  not  another  barn  in  the 
world  is  as  complete  in  every  respect 
as  this.  It  is  a  square  with  stable 
wings  on  the  north  and  west.  The 
north  wing  has  stalls  for  24  cows,  and 
the  west  wing  has  stalls  tor  12  cows 
and  six  roomy  box  stalls. 

The  barn  and  stables  are  marvels  of 
convenience  and  cleanliness.  An  elec- 
tric plant,  in  a  separate  building,  fur- 
nishes light  and  power.  The  numerous 
windows  are  perfectly  screened,  and 
electric  fans,  numerously  placed,  keep 
the  air  in  constant  motion.  There  are 
no  unpleasant  odors,  and  the  stalls 
extend  the  full  length  of  the  wings. 
The  cows  are  so  placed  that  their  heads 
are  at  the  rows  of  windows,  aud  the 
air  they  breathe  is  always  pure  and 
fresh  from  the  fragrant  fields.  The 
floors  are  all  concrete.  Between  the 
rows  of  cows,  at  their  rear,  is  a  grani- 
toid passage  way,  affording  the  cows' 
caretakers  plenty  of  room  to  work  at 
feeding  and  milking  time. 

The  man.gers  are  also  of  concrete, 
and  are  different  from  anything  ever 
before  designed.  The  walls  slope  to- 
ward the  cow's  head,  and  while  the 
tendency  is  for  the  animals  to  push 
the  food  away  from  her,  the  sloping 
walls  bring  it  right  b.ii-k,"  A  gate  is 
at  the  cow's  head.  It  is  so  arranged 
that  it  may  be  put  forward  or  back 
so  as  to  fit  the  cow's  length,  and  keep 
her  rear  hoofs  on  the  edge  of  the  floor 
of  the  stall,  adjoining  which  is  a  gut- 
ter. A  chain  at  the  back  passes  under 
the  hollow  of  the  cow's  rear  legs,  pre- 
venting her  from  stepping  into  the 
gutter,  which  slopes  toward  the  centre. 


ABERDEEN  ANGUS  HEIFERS 

-^^^■^in  Calf  and    Registered    Bulls. 

I  expect  to  make  another  trip  to  the  great  X.  I  T,  Ranch  in  the  Pan  Handle 
of  Texas  about  November  1st,  and  will  purchase  heifers  for  those  who  wish  them 
by  the  car  load,  A  personal  acquaintance  extending  over  a  period  of  more  than 
ten  years  with  the  superintendent  of  this  great  ranch,  places  me  in  position  to 
purchase  cattle  to  great  advantage;  in  fact,  few  men  in  the  North  and  West  can 
buy  females  at  all.  I  brought  1552  yr.  old  heifers  to  North  Carolina  last  fall,  they 
have  given  the  best  of  satisfaction-  90  per  cent,  of  them  raising  tine,  lusty  calves 
as  fine  formed,  as  pure  breda  and  not  a  non-breeder  in  the  lot.  The  cdttle  are 
very  HIGH  GRADE,  pure  bred  bulls  only  having  been  used  on  this  3.000,000 
acre  ranch  for  14  years.  The  heifers  have  never  been  fed  or  sheltered,  will  weigh 
about  800  lbs.,  hearty  and  strong— all  black  and  hornless,  as  near  alike  as  so 
many  peas.  Steer  calves  from  this  ranch  have  been  seUlng  at  $20  and  $21  each 
in  lots  of  from  100  to  5  000  for  several  years,  ' 

Here  is  an  opportunity  for  the  cattle  men  of  the  South  to  secure  cows  that  are 
so  much  sought  after  in  the  great  cattle  markets.  The  heifers  will  cost  $30  each 
at  the  ranch,  and  about  $7  each  will  land  them  at  your  station.  My  commission 
IS  $1  per  head  and  expenses,  (expense  very  little)  for  personally  selecting,  ship- 
ping, caring  for  and  feeding  cattle  enroute. 

Terms:  calh  at  time  I  start  for  ranch.  30  cows  constitute  a  car  load.  Inter- 
ested parties  can  see  some  of  these  cattle  at  the  farms  of  Mr.  L.  Banks,  Holt 
Graham.  N.  C,  or  at  our  farms  at  Fitzgerald,  N.  C. 

Send  me  your  orders,  will  have  to  get  my  order  within  four  weeks.     Write 

A.  L.  FRENCH,  Fitzgerald,  N.  C,  or  R.  F.  D.  2,  Byrdville,  Va. 


POLAND 


CHINAS. 


I  have  a  limited  number  of  pigs  by 
my  fine   boars  Gray's  Big   Chief,  57077;  QRAY'S  BIQ  CHIEF,  57077. 

and  Victor  G,  57075,  and  can  furnish  pairs  not  akin  or  related  to  those  previously 
purchased.  Young  boars  and  sows  of  all  ages.  Send  to  headquarters  aud  get  the 
best  trom  the  oldest  and  largest  herd  of  Poland-Chinas  in  this  State  at  one-half 
Western  prices.    Address  J.  B.  GRAY,  Fredericksburg,  Va. 


BERK5HIRES. 


Mr.   H,  F,   Stratton  of  Erin,   Houston 
Co..  Tenn.,  writes  me  on  Aug.  15th  1903: 

"The  little  pig  just  received  is  a  beauty, 
I  am  delighted  with  him — wouldn't  take 
twice  twenty  dollars  for  him      He  is  thor- 
oughly patrician.     I  expect  great  things 
from  him  at  the  head  of  my  herd  of  Royal  Berkshires." 

So  send  to  Thos.  S   White  for  patrician  pigs  rather  than  buy  plebeians  for  a  little 
legs,  do  not  be  "penny  wise  and  pound  foolish,"  and  especially  in  thoroughbreds. 
I  have  had  13  sows  to  farrow  in  past  few  days  with  over  20  more  nearly  due,  order 
promptly  for  fall  shipments,  I  never  have  enough  to  go  round. 
Short  Horn  (Durham  Cattle)  for  sale.     Write  for  particulars. 

THOS.  S.  WHITE,  Fassifern  Stock  Farm,  Lexington,  Va. 


When  corresponding  with  our  advertisers  always  mention  the 
Southern  Planter. 


604 


THE  SOUTHE  RX  T'T^AXTER. 


[September 


On  the  Jersey  farm  there  is  a  cream- 
er}', and  many  other  conveniences,  all 
of  which  will  be  duplicated,  or  im- 
proved upon,  when  the  World's  Fair 
stables  are  erected  for  the  final  test. 

In  all  former  tests  at  international 
expositions  the  stables  have  not  been 
open  to  the  public.  At  St.  Louis  •  ifc- 
foot  promenade  extends  around  the 
barn,  and  the  visitor  may  see  every 
cow  and  may  observe  the  feeding  and 
TDilking  A  screen  protects  the  ani 
mals.  behind  which  no  one  save  the 
attendants  can  go. 

Everv  ounce  of  food  and  water  given 
each  cow  will  be  carefully  welghea  ani 
a  record  kept. 

A  huge  silo  will  be  built  adjoinin;; 
the  stables.  A  field  of  20  acres  of  corn 
is  now  growing  near  Clayton,  and  this 
will  be  stored  in  the  great  silo  for  food 
next  summer.  Alfalfa  will  also  be 
brought  from  Colorado. 

All  feeding  and  milking  will  be  done 
In  the  stable.  The  milk  will  be  turned 
over  to  the  Dairy  Department,  and  in 
a  model  dairy  in  the  Palace  of  Agricul- 
ture it  will  be  converted  into  buttor 
and  cheese  and  a  careful  record  of  each 
cow's  participation  in  the  test  will  be 
kept. 

With  the  herd  will  be  Flying  Fox. 
the  famous  Jersey  bull  owned  by  Thos. 
W.  Lawson.  of  Boston.  Mr.  Lawson 
recently  refused  an  offer  of  fl.i.OOO  for 
the  bull. 

Among  the  prominent  Jersey  cattle 
breeders  who  have  made  entries  are 
C.  I.  Hood,  of  Lowell.  Mass..  and  Geo. 
Vanderbilt.  of  Biltmore,  N.  C. 


VOUCHED  FOR  HER. 
In  a  certain  mountain  town  lived  a 
little  boy  of  four,  who  was  very  muc-h 
frightened  at  the  thought  of  a  bear — 
in  fact,  it  was  the  only  animal  or 
thing  he  was  afraid  of^ — and  his  niothor 
in  trying  to  keep  him  from  running 
Into  the  street  and  playing  in  the  ini- 
gating  ditches,  and  wandering  away  to 
a  little  unkept  park,  told  him  he  must 
not  go,  for  there  were  bears  there. 
This  frightened  William,  and  the  fnl- 
lowint;  day  he  sat  on  the  dcorstep  in 
a  very  ijniet  and  thoughtful  mood. 
When  asked  by  the  village  clergyman, 
who  was  passing  by,  why  he  did  not  go 
out  and  play,  William  replied.  "I  must 
not  go  out  of  the  gate,  for  there  are 
bears  in  the  roads  and  down  in  the 
park."  The  minister  laughingly  re- 
plied. "No.  there's  no  bears  anywhere 
around,"  but  William  insisted  that 
there  were,  as  his  mamma  had  told  him 
that  there  were.  The  minister  said. 
"Let's  go  in  and  ask  mamma  about  it,' 
and  mamma  had  to  acknowledge  that 
she  had  simply  told  William  that  to 
keep  him  from  running  away  from 
home.  When  alone  with  the  little  bov 
the  mother  said,  "William,  mamma  is 
Borry  that  she  told  you  a  story  about 
the  bears,  and  I  guess  we  had  better 
ask  God  to  forgive  her,"  whereupon 
William  said.  "Mamma,  you  had  bettor 
let  me  ask  God.  for  maybe  He  wouldn't 
believe  you." — Eva  Pierce  Finch,  in 
September  Lipplncott'a. 


■,ii_^ii.il^^^H.p  ■.»..■.  w^^^^^i^tL^^l. *C^ 


CHAMPION  PRINCE  [ 
RUPERT    No.   79,539, 
....  at  head  of  herd 


HEREFORDS 

A  Few  High  Class  Bulls  and  Calves  For  Sale. 

EDWARD  G.  BUTLER, 


Write  me 

before  buying 

elsewhere. 


Send  for 

Illustration  of 

Prince    Rupert. 


Qegistereu  VEBEFOP  GIIITLL 

Service  Bulls;  Imported  Salisbury  76059     (19083).     Lars  Jr.  85297. 

FOR  SALE — A  choice  lot  of  bull  calves  and  yearling  buUs.  The  bull  calves  sold  recently 
weighed  600  lbs.  at  6  mos   old.     Call  and  make  your  own  selection      Prices  right. 

MURRAY  BOOCOCK,  Owner,  Keswick,  Va. 


I  ■  I  1  I  I  I  1 


Bacon   Hall    Farm. 

Hereford  REGISTERED  Cattle 

"TOP"  BREEDING,  CALVES  NOT  AKIN. 
MOTTO— Satisfaction  or  no  sale. 

E.  M.  QILLET  &  SON,      =      Qlencoe,  Haryland. 


"  "  " ' "^"^  ' 1 1  ■  I  ■  ip^ 


333 


SHROP8HIR*  SHEEP.— Buck!,  one  year  old  and  over,  815  to  S20.     Back  Lambs,  Jnl7  dellrerr, 
110  to  tl2.    Ewe  Lambs,  July  delivery,  $8  and  flO. 


M.  BRONZE  TURKEYS.— Toms,  $t.    Hens,  $3.    Eggs,  pet  sitting  of  12,  when  In  season,  $4. 
MUSCOVY  OUCKS.—Pure  White  Drakes,  81.26.    Pure  White  Ducks,  81.    Pairs,  82.25.    Trios,  fS. 
BARRED  PLYMOUTH  ROOKS. 

ROUEN  QBESB.— Ganders,  82.50.    Gease,  82.50.    Eggs,  per  sitting,  83. 
WILLIAM  L.,  Jr..  No.  21058,  half  brother  of  Axtell,  will  serve  a  limited  number  of  mares  ior^» 


tb«  season.    Mares  boarded  at  lowest  figures  per  month. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


605 


DIVIDED    IN   TASTE. 

One  morning,  as  Judge  C,  of  N.  Co., 
Va.,  was  starting  for  the  town,  he  was 
approached  by  one  of  his  negroes,  who. 
with  more  or  less  confusion,  asked: 

"Massa,  when  yo'  goes  to  do  Cot 
House  will  yo'  git  me  a  license?  I's 
gwine  to  be  mar'ed," 

"Married,  are  you,  Sam?  All  right." 
called  the  Judge  as  he  hastily  drove  off. 
Arrived  at  the  court-house,  he  spent  a 
very  busy  day.  and  it  was  not  until  he 
was  preparing  to  leave  that  he  remem- 
bered Sam's  license  and  realized  th.it 
he  had  not  been  told  the  name  of  the 
bride-elect. 

"The  old  idiot,  he  never  told  me  who 
he  wants  to  carry,  but,  of  course.  It's 
Lucinda:  he's  always  making  eyes  at 
her."  So  saying  he  returned  to  the 
court-house  and  had  the  license  made 
out  in  the  names  of  Sam  and  Lucinda. 
Sam  was  the  first  to  greet  him  upon 
his  return  with  the  inquiry: 

"Git  my  license,  Massa?" 

"Yes,  Sam,  you  old  fool.  You  didn't 
tell  me  who  you  want  to  marry,  but  I 
remembered  how  you're  always  hang- 
ing around  courting  Lucinda  and  got 
the  license  in  her  name." 

"Lawd,  Massa!"  exclaimed  Sara, 
"  'taint  Lucindy.  it's  Kyarline.  "What's 
I  gwine  ter  do.  Massa?" 

"Well."  said  the  Judge,  "the  only 
thing  will  be  for  ine  to  get  another 
license  to-morrow." 

"Massa,"  said  Sam,  "did  yo'  pay  any- 
t'ing  fur  dem  license?" 

"Yes,  Sam,  a  dollar  and  seventy-five 
cents." 

"Will  anuther  license  cos'  anyt'ing?" 
asked  Sam. 

"Yes,  Sam,  a  dollar  and  seventy-five 
cents  more,"  reeplied  the  Judge. 

After  scratching  his  woolly  pate  for 
a  few  minutes  Sam  replied: 

"Well,  Massa,  I  done  axed  Kyarline 
an'  she  sed  'Yase,'  but  fo'  de  Lawd, 
dere  ain't  no  dollar  an'  seventy-five 
cents'  difference  in  dem  two  niggers, 
so  I'H  jus'  take  Lucindy." — Prudence 
Baxter,  in  September  Lippincott's. 


The  artist  wrote  from  New  York  to 
the  farmer  with  whom  he  spent  the 
summer:  "I  have  sold  for  $150  that 
picture  I  painted  of  your  cow.' 

"Think  of  it.  Maria."  the  good  man 
said  to  his  wife  as  he  read  the  letter. 
'Why.  I'd  have  sold  the  cow  herself 
for  $75!" 


"What  did  you  let  that  little  fellow 
call  you  a  liar  for?" 

"Oh.  I  never  fight  a  smaller  man 
than  myself.  There's  no  glory  in  lick- 
ing him — and  there's  always  the  possi- 
bility that  I  might  get  licked." 

Judge:  Then,  sir,  when  .vou  were  be- 
ing assaulted,  why  did  you  not  call  for 
an  officer? 

Witness:  Call  a  policeman,  your  hon- 
or? Wasn't  I  assaulted  sufficiently  as 
It  was? 


Mention  the  Southern  Planter  when 
corresponding  with  adTertlsere. 


ROSEMONT   HEREFORDS. 


Assisted  by  Marquis  of  Salisbury  16th  138894,  the  best  son  of 

imp.  Salisbury.     Correspondence  solicited.     Visitors  welcome. 

C.  E.  CLAPP.   Berryville,   Clarke  Co.,   Va. 


JOHIVr  S.   FUIffK, 


GLEN    FARM, 

PORTER    AND    BREEDER    OF— 


Polled 

Durham 

Cattle, 

Shropshire  Sheep, 

Southdown  Sheep,  

Poland-China  Hogs.      Berkshire  Hogs.      All  carefully  bred  regardless  of  cost. 
SINGER'S    GLEN,    VA. 


DEDERICK'S 


The  Hind  to  Buy 
They  always  Satisfy 


Dederick's  Columbian 

THE  LATEST  BOX  BALING  PRESS 

made,  which  has  many  advantages  no  other  box 
press  possesses.  In  construction,  adaption  of 
power,  economy  and  utility,  it  is  a  wonder. 
For  full  detailed  description,  price,  etc.,  of  this 
and  many  others,  send  for  our  z'rff  catalogue- 
it  will  save  you  m.oney— Send  to-day. 

P.  K,  DEDERICK'S  SONS,76Tlvoll  St-TATbanyT 


Best  Machine  on  the  Farm 


Farmers  who  have  used  the 

Improved  Low  Down  Pennsylvania 
Force  Feed  Fertilizer  Grain  Drill 


various  sizes  with  either  hoe  or  disc.   We-wiU  send 
you  FKEE  a  special  book  telling  all  al)Out  it  and 
what  it   has  done  1o  ni;ike  better  paying  crops. 
Adapts  itself  to  all  conditions.    Address 
A.  B.  FARQUHAR  CO..  Ltd..  York,  Pa. 


T  STANDS  FOR  BIG  CROPS 

For  uniform  dillliii^-  of 
per  acre  for  grans  s.  rd 
lumpy,  damp  or  dry  ferti  _ 

SPANGLER 


STANDARD  EVERYWHERE  ' 

ULLY  WARRANTED. 


nothing  equals  tlie 

Low- Down 

Grain  and  Ferfiizer 

positive  force  feed  f'>r  fertilizer,  grain  and trrassseed.  D 

any  depth,  perfect  rek'nlation.  low  steel  or  wood  frame.  Itighi 
Easy  to  fill  and  opc-rale.  Light 
buymtj.  %Vrite  f^r  l  ree  catalogue. 
501  gXTEEN  STREET,  YORK,  PA. 


heels  with  hr      .      .  __ 
draft.    Investigate  bpfo 
SPANGLER  MANFG.  CO., 


Prof.  JOHN  srENCKK.  Veterinaria 


Chloro-Naptholeum  Dip 


"  Insures  the  Destructions  of  Mites.  Outbreaks  which  have  come  under  our  notice  have 
been  thoroughly  stamped  out  by  dipping  In  a  2  per  cent  solution  of  C'hioro  Naptholeum  Dip." 

Ifyou've  tried  It  you  know  how  good  it  is,  if  you  haven't,  try  it  now.  tine  GbIIod  sent  pre- 
paid upon  receipt  of  S1.50.  money  order  or  checl:.  Booklet  free.  It  can  make  money  for  you. 
F.  V.  GUNN  &  CO.,  Richmond,  Va..  Agts.  Va.  &  N.  C.     •     The  WEST  DISINFECTING  CO.,  Inc..  Mtrs. 


606 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[September 


THE   PHILOSOPHY   OF   FELIX   O. 
PRYME. 

In  order  to  be  popular,  forget  to  say 
a  good  deal. 

The  way  to  make  a  man  forget  a  fa- 
vor is  10  do  him  one. 

Boomerangs  and  evil  thoughts  act  in 
a  similar  fashion. 

A  big  heart  usually  goes  with  a  liis: 
body,  but  a  big  bead  rarely  does. 

Wisdom  is  always  conceded  to  a  rich 
man  until  he  loses  his  riches. 

Do  not  emphasize  your  own  virtues 
by  enlarging  on  the  failings  of  others 

The  most  depressing  humidity  is  th;u 
caused  by  the  tears  of  a  woman. 

A  genius  is  a  man  who  refuses  to 
believe  in  the  impossibilities  of  oth-;r 
people. 

A  safe  way  to  judge  a  man  is  to  as- 
certain just  what  friends  he  doesn't 
make. 

No  marriage  ceremony  has  ever  been 
gone  through  without  a  hitch — of  bride 
and  groom. 

Some  men  who  take  a  post-graduate 
course  are.  in  the  long  run,  glad  to  be- 
come letter  carriers. 

The  claims  to  wisdom  of  owls  and  a 
multitude  of  men  rest  upon  their  looks, 
and  nothing  more. 

The  heartache  of  many  a  widow  has 
been  tempered  by  the  reflection  that 
she  looks  her  best  in  black 

To  get  rid  of  a  hoTe.  ask  him  to  re 
peat  his  longest  and  favorite  story 
twice.     Even  he  cannot  stand  that. 

A  fool  is  generally  a  person  who  de- 
tects your  faults  while  you  are  in  the 
act  of  calling  attention  to  his  own. 

The  grievance  of  not  a  few  women 
against  their  husbands  is  that  the  lat- 
ter give  them  no  ground  for  grievances 

The  success  of  an  amateur  gardener 
often  depends  upon  the  numbe^nd  the 
appetites  of  his  neighbor's  chickens. 

Only  a  smart  man  can  conceal  from  a 
■woman  the  fact  that  he  isn't  as  smart 
as  he  would  wish  her  think  he  is. 

If  we  could  draw  checks  as  easily  as 
we  draw  unkind  inferences,  automo- 
biles would  be  as  common  as  sparrows. 

One  of  the  curious  things  about  a 
man  who  wants  to  borrow  money  from 
you  to-day  is  his  eager  determination 
to  repay  It  to-morrow. 

There  are  three  stages  in  the  exist- 
ence of  the  average  man  when  he  is  of 
particular  Interest  to  his  community — 
viz..  at  his  birth,  marriage  and  funeral. 
— Success. 


TAIL  OF  A  TWISTED  TALE. 
A  man  once  owned  a  balky  mule 

That  blandishments  resisted. 
And,  losing  patience,  he  grabbed  hold 

Upon  his  tail  and  twisted. 
Whereupon   the  mule  looked   back   on 
him 

In  mild,  reproving  sorrow. 
And  If  the  sad  remains  come  down. 

His  funeral's  to-morrow. 

FOR  SALE-Pure-bred  Beaj^Ie  pupof 

the  finest  liun till!:  strain.     Will  be  read  v 
for  hunting  this  fall.     C.  T.  SM  ITH, 

Croston,  Caroline  Co.,  Va. 


EMPIRE  DRILLS 


ACCLRATELY  MEASURE 

ALL  KINDS  OF  GRAIN 

WITHOUT    CHANGE. 

That  is,  if  you  set  the   Empire 

Feed  to  sow  any  amount  from  '24 

to  128  quarts  per  acre,  it  will  sow 

exactly  that  amount  of  wheat, 

oats  or  any  other  small   grain 

without  further  change.    A  good 

stand  of  grain  is  assured,when  you 

»w  with  an  Empire  Drill. 

Empire  Grain  Drills  do  not  bunch, 

)  or  choke.  Hade  in  all  styles  and  size^. 

Write  for  Free  Catalogues. 

EMPIRE  DIVISION 

AMERICAN    SEEDING    MACMINE    COMPANY. 

2S  Monroe  Street,  Springfield,  Ohio. 


rii 


skip  i. 


SL  PSHLICK 


Cl-ippn    with  a  machine  built  especially  for 
OllIVI-'Lf   southern  trade.     Built  for  the  pur- 
pose.    The  only  machine  of 
the  kind.       Shreds   fine, 
does  not  husk.     Price  two= 
WP  iw      \—tF^sj/s\     11     \       thirds  that  of  huskers.     A 

^i  so  sm^^^W^Nj^^r=^=^^^^  °*  Keystone  fodder  is 
RUU-D      ^^~      \^>^    r~  worth  a  ton  of  the  best  hay. 

the  largest  line  of  Huskers  and  Shredders  of  any  manufacturer,  also  a 
full  line  of  Horse  Powers,  Jacks,  Com  Shellers',  Hay  Balers,  Mowers, 
Seeders,    Rakes,  Loaders  and  Disc  Harrows. 

Send  for  Catalogue  and  Prices.  THE  KEYSTONE  CO. 

ESTABLISHED    SO    VEA.RS.  STERUIING,     lUL,. 


^    THE    ^ 


SEABOARD 

AIR  LINE  RAILWAY 


OFFERS 

PROFITABLE 

INVESTMENTS 

TO^ 


THE  MANUFACTURER, 
THE  STOCK  RAISER, 
THE  DAIRYMAN, 
THE  FRUIT  GROWER, 
THE  TRUCKER. 


WHERE     YOUR     LABOR     IS     NOT     IN    VAIN. 

Would  a  country  where  work  can  be  carried  on  the  entire  year  And  where 
laige  profits  can  be  realised  interest  you? 

The  SEABOARD  Air  Line  Railway  traverses  six  Southern  States  and  a 
region  of  this  character.  One  two  cent  stamp  will  bring  handsome  illustrated 
literature  descriptive  of  the  section. 

EDW.  W.  COST,  CHARLES  B.  RYAN, 

Traffic  Mgr.       Gen,  Pass.  Agt.,  Portsmouth,  Va 


J.  B.  WHITE, 
Gen.  Industrial  AgL,  Hortsmoutli,  Va. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


607 


NOTHING  TO  SUGGEST. 

Mv  Uncle  Hi's   mind   has  an   equable 
poise, 
Through  seasons  of  drought  and  of 
raining; 
"In  worry,"  he  says,  "we  lose  sight  of 
our  joys, 
And  we  spend  too  much  time  in  com 
plaining. 
If    the    Lord,    in    His    wisdom,    sends 
blessing  or  blight, 
I'll  take  what  He  sees  fit  to  proffer, 
For  I'm  firm  in  the  faith  that  He's  run 
nin'  things  right. 
An'  I  have  no  suggestions  to  offer. 

"To  the  Lord,  when  it  travail,  no  dolo 

rous  plea 

I  make,  for  my  creed's  not  so  narrow 

As  to  think  for  a  moment  He'll  lose 

sight  of  me, 

When  He  notes  e'en  the  fall  of  the 

sparrow. 

He  is  there  on  His  throne,  an'  so  just 

is  His  rule. 

Alike  to  the  saint  and  the  scoffer. 

I  sit  here  at  home  jes'  a-takin'  thin.gs 

cool. 

An*  I  have  no  suggestions  to  offer 

"It's  a  mighty  good  world  that  we  live 
in  to-day. 
For  the  good's  all  the  time  growin' 
better. 
An',"  my  Uncle  Hi  adds,  in  his  comical 
way, 
"It  satisfies  me  to  the  letter! 
So  I  jes'  keep  t'  work  in  the  shadow  an' 
shine, 
Bit  by  bit  addin'  gbld  t'  my  coffer. 
For  the  world's  bein'  steered  iDy  a  Hand 
that's  divine. 
An'  I  have  no  suggestions  to  offer." 
— Roy   Farrell    Greene,    in    September 
Success. 


THE  APPLE  CROP. 
At  the  recent  National  Apple  Grow- 
ers' Convention.  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.. 
a  statistical  report  covering  all  the 
apple-growing  States  and  Canada  was 
Issued.  The  apple  crop  for  1902  was 
estimated  at  47.625.000  barrels,  and  the 
crop  for  1903  at  54,614,000  barrels.  The 
crop  in  Canada  last  year  was  esti- 
mated at  16,120.000  barrels,  and  for 
1903  at  13,300.000  barrels. 


<«C«.C«<:*«<:  tX3t3«3MC<,««Jt3t3«3t3tj«.'«.<.<:<  ««.«.<  )t*3t3tJM3»3t3MJtJt*j<Jt» 


I  Saw  Mills 


How  was  the  scenery  where  you 
spent  your  vacation?" 

"The  most  expensive  I  ever  gazed 
at." 


"What  did  your  old  uncle  leave?" 
"A  lot  of  disgusted  relatives  and  a 

jubilant  young  widow  we'd  never  heard 

of  before." 


For  The  Whole  World ! 
Big  Ones  and  Little  Ones ! 

from  4  H.  P.  Farmers'  Mill  that  cuts  3,000  feet  a  day,  up  to  the  biggest  that's  made. 
OVER   10,000  DELOACH   PATENT  SAW   MILLS   IN   USE. 

Our  Large  Catalog 
No.  66 

will  interest  you.  It  illus- 
trates and  tells  all  ,Tl)out  the 
famous  LeLoach  Patent  Va= 
riable  Friction  Feed  Saw 
nills,  Shiugle  Mills,  Plaut-rs, 
Edgers,  Trimmers,  Stave  and 
Lath  MilLs,  Bolters,  Cord 
Wood  and  Drag  Saws,  Corn 
and  Buhr  Mills,  Water  Wheels, 
Mill  Gearing,  Pulleys,  Shaft- 
ing, Etc. 

Please  mention  the  Southern 
Planter  when  writing  us. 
We  wiil  appreciate  it. 


Largest  Saw  iHill  IVlanufacturing  Plant  in  the  World.  '■ — t;  ":::n:  JJ 


ABERDEEN-ANGUS  CATTLE^ 

FOR   SALE   AT   INTRODUCTORY   PRICES- 

Choice  Bulls  from  3 

months   to   2^^   years 
old. 

The  Best  Breed  in 
the  world  for 
grading=up 
purposes. 
Call  and  see  them  or  write  for  prices. 
ROSED  ALE  STOCK  FARM,  Jeffersonton,  Culpeper  Co.,  Va. 


CHARTERED     1870. 

MERCHANTS  NATIONAL  BANE 

OF    RICHMOND,    VIRGINIA. 
Capital  Stock,  -  -  -  $200,000.00 

Surplus  and  Profits,  -  -  $628,000.00 

De.signated  Depository  of  the  United  States,  City  of  Richmond  and  Commonwealth 

of  Virginia. 
Being  the  Largest  Depository  for  Banks  between  Baltimore  and  New  Orleans,  this 

Bank  offers  superior  facilities  for  direct  and  quick  collections. 
JNO.  P.BRANCH,  JNO.  K.  BEANCH,  JOHN  F.  GLENN, 

President.  Vice-President.  Cashier. 


608 


THE  SOUTHEKX  PLANTER. 


[September 


The  following  lljt  of  paper*  and  p«rlodicala 
•re  the  moat  popular  ones  In  thia  aectlon. 
We  can  SAVE  YO0  MONEY  on  whaUver 
journal  you  wlah. 


DAILIES. 

Price.    With 
Alone.  Planter. 

Times-Dispatch.  Richmond,  Va IS  00  ^6  00 

The  Poft.  Washington.  D.  C 6  00    6  00 

The  Sun,   Baltimore,  Md 3  00    S40 

News-Leader,  Richmond,  Va. s  oo    S  00 

TRI-WEEKLT. 

The  World  (thrlce-a-week),  N.  Y....  1  OO  IS 

WEEKLIES. 

Harper's  Weekly   ^^  ^^ 

Harpers  Bazaar  100  1^ 

Montgomery  AdverUser  1  00  1  00 

Nashville  American    '..'.    5j  ^ 

The  Baltimore  Sun  100  i  „ 

Breeders  Gazette  ::.[[[[]  j  oO  1  75 

Hoard  B  Dairyman  100  138 

Country  GenOeman  "  1  50  175 

:entral  Presbyterian,     "           ■• 2  00  2  1° 

«ellglous  Herald.  Richmond,  Va.!"'.  2  00  2  i' 

TImes-Dlspatch,  Richmond.  Va....      1  00  1  ^, 

Christian  Advocate,       ■■          ■•            1  m  1  « 

"»"•»- :::l^  V^ 

SEMI-MONTHLIES. 

Wool  Markets  and  Sheep  ...  50       7^ 

Dairy  and  Creamery  50       „ 

Commercial  Poultry  .  "      m       -= 

*"'•"- :::::::::;::;:  1"  ^n 

MONTHLIES. 

North  American  Review  B  00  K  (v, 

The  Century  Magazine "'l^  l^- 

St.  Nicholas  .Magazine  3  00  S  26 

LIpplncotfs  Magazine  2  50  2  50 

Harper  8  Magazine  4  Oo  400 

Forum  M,,„,„,    ••  J  «  J  00 

Scrlbner's  Magazine  3  00    3  25 

Frank  Leslies  Magazine '  1  oO    1  35 

Cosmopolitan  Magazine  100    135 

Everybody's  Magazine   "  1  00    135 

Munsey  Magazine  1  Oo    135 

Strand  Magazine  1  25    1  65 

McClure's  Magazine  1  00    1  35 

Argosy  Magazine  1  00    1  35 

Review  of  Reviews  2  60    2  75 

Buccessful  Farming     1  00       7.-, 

Southern  Fruit  Grower 50       8.5 

Where  you  desire  to  subscribe  to  two  or 
more  of  the  publications  named,  you  can  ar- 
rive at  the  net  subscription  price  by  deduct- 
ing 50  cenu  from  "our  price  with  the 
PLANTER."  If  you  desire  to  subscribe  to 
•ny  other  publications  not  listed  here,  write 
us  and  we  will  cheerfully  quote  clubbing  or 
net  subscription  rates. 

Subscribers  whose  time  does  not  expire 
until  later  can  Uke  advantage  of  our  club 
rales,  and  have  their  subscription  advanced 
one  year  from  date  of  expiration  of  their 
aubscrlptlon  to  either  the  PLANTER  or  any 
of  the  other  publications  mentioned. 

Don't  hesitate  to  write  us  for  any  Informa- 
tion desired:  we  will  cheerfully  answer  any 
correspondence. 

We  furnish  NO  SAMPLE  COPIES  of  other 
p«rtodlcaJs 


Seed  House  of  the  South. 


JAPAN 
BUR 


CLOVER, 
CLOVER, 


BUCKWHEAT, 
OATS  aad 
CANE  SEED. 


"Whatsoever  One  Soweth,  That  Shall  He  Reap." 

We  sell  strictly  reliable  FIELD  AND  GARDEN  SEEDS  of  every 
variety  at   Lowest   Market  rates,   included    in  which   are 

RAGLAND'S     PEDIGREE    TOBACCO    SEEDS. 

^      ^      ^      WE  ALSO   SELL 

Our   Own    Brands   of    Fertilizers 

For  Tobacco,  Corn,  Wheat,  Potatoes,  &c. 

Pure    Raw-Bone    Meal,    Nova    Scotia    and  Virginia    Plaster   and 
Fertilizing  Materials  generally. 

Parties  wishing  to  purchase  will  find  it  to  their  interest  to  price  our  goods. 
Samples  sent  by  mail  when  desired. 

1016    Main    Street, 
LYNCHBURG,  VA. 


Wm.  A.  Miller  &  Son,  ^ 


-it  «£> 

J  Headquarters  for 


I  Nursery  Stock. 


WHOLESALE 
AND 


RETAIL. 


We  make  a  specialty  of  handhng  dealers'  orders. 
ALL  STOCK   TRUE   TO    NAME. 


Apples,  Nectarines,  Pecans, 

Pears,  Cherry,  Chestnuts, 

Peach,  Quinces,  Walnuts, 

Plum,  Almonds,  Small  Fruits, 

Apricots, 
CALIFORNIA   PRIVET,  lor  Hedging. 


Ornamental  and 
Shade  Trees, 
Evergreens, 
Roses,  Etc. 

WRITE   FOR   CATALOGUE. 


^ 


AGENTS  WANTED. 


^,    FRANKLIN    DAVIS    NURSERY   CO.,  Baltimore,  Md.    4, 

•l*'l"l"f"i"f"f"8'4*'f"f"f"f"8"t''fr'l"t*f"t"t"f"i"t"'t"l'*l**l'*t"f"l"t' 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


609 


DOMESTIC  ECONOMY. 

To  remove  ink  spots  from  gingham, 
wet  the  spots  with  milk  and  cover  them 
with  common  salt.  Let  stand  some 
hours,  then  rinse  in  several  waters. 

To  clean  a  kettle  in  which  onions  or 
other  rank  vegetables  have  been  cook- 
ed, rub  with  a  cloth  dipped  in  hot, 
strong  soda  water,  then  wash  in  soapy 
water. 

A  good  way  to  fix  your  beeswa.\: 
Place  between  two  pieces  of  paper  and 
keep  it  near  at  hand,  so  that  when  the 
starch  sticks  you  can  readily  rub  the 
iron  over  it. 

When  making  mince  pies,  the  fat 
that  rises  to  the  top  of  the  liquid  in 
which  the  meat  was  boiled  may  be 
skimmed  off  and  utilized  to  good  ad- 
vantage in  the  place  of  suet. 

A  few  drops  of  oil  of  lavender  pour- 
ed into  a  glass  of  very  hot  water  will 
purify  the  air  in  a  room  almost  in- 
stantly from  cooking  odors,  and  is  es- 
pecially refreshing  in  a  sick  room. 

To  clean  decanters,  get  some  old 
pieces  of  blotting  paper  and  soap  them 
well,  roll  the  bits  up  small,  and  put 
about  twenty  little  pieces  into  the  bot- 
tle to  be  cleaned,  then  half  fill  the  de- 
canter with  warm  water.  Let  it  stand 
five  minutes,  and  then  shake  well  I'or 
another  five  minutes.  Rinse  with  cold 
water  and  set  it  to  drain;  when  dry  it 
will  be  beautifully  clear  and  bright. 

Clothespins  need  washing  occasion- 
ally to  keep  them  in  good  condition. 
It  is  a  good  plan  to  put  them  in  the 
holler  after  the  clothes  have  been  taken 
out.  After  they  have  had  a  good  wash 
they  should  be  thoroughly  rinsed  in 
clean  water. 

To  grind  old  scissors  at  home,  sa.v 
the  blade  on  the  neck  of  a  glass  bottl'=. 
as  if  you  were  trying  to  saw  that  part 
off.  in  a  short  time  the  scissors  will 
be  quite  sharp. 

Pour  a  little  vinegar  upon  the  stove 
when  you  are  cooking  onions,  turnip 
or  cabbage,  and  it  will  immediately 
change  the  disagreeable  odor.  Cloves 
will  do  the  same. 

Poultry  should  never  be  cooked  until 
twelve  or  fourteen  hours  after  killin^ 


WHY  SHE  ENJOYED  IT. 

"I  like  to  go  to  church."  announced 
Dottle,  aged  five,  "because  they  sins 
nice  hymns  about  flowers  and  insects 
and  things  to  eat,  and  the  man  in  the 
night  gown  talks  about  birds." 

"Why,  Dottie,"  said  her  mother,  "I 
don't  think  there  are  any  hymns  about 
insects  and  things  to  eat." 

"There  is  so."  insisted  Dottie.  "Last 
Sunday  we  sang  a  beauty  hymn  about 
'Bringing  in  the  Cheese,'  and  to-day  we 
sang  one  what  began,  'Just  as^  I  am 
without  one  flea,'  and  when  we  got 
through  the  man  talked  about  a  hawk 
and  two  pigeons." 

Subsequent  inquiry  revealed  the  fact 
that  the  text  had  been.  "Why  halt  ye 
between  two  opinions?" — September 
Lippincott's. 


St.  Hlbane 

Scbool 

I 


Situated  on  a 

SuNNV  Headland 

above  the 

Banks  of  New  Rivek, 

IN  THE 

Blue  Grass  Region 
OF  Virginia 


Prepares    Boys 

FOR  UNIVERSITY  OR 
FOR  BUSINESS- 


SEND  for  annual  catalogue,  in  which  is 

published  "i'LAN  of  ST.  ALBANS  PCHOOL." 

Address,   W.  H.  RANDOLPH, 

Head  Master, 
Radford,      -     -      -      Virginia 


IS    so   NECESSARY   TO    THE 

FARMER    AND    STOCK   RAISER 

2  that  he  cannot  afford  to  be  -without  the 

5  best  means  of  pumping  it. 

5  ADVICE  FREE 

5  if  application  is  made  to  us. 

Rams,  Windmills,  Gasoline  Engines 

for  pumping  and  farm  use 

SYDNOR  PUMP  &  WELL  CO.,  Inc. 

RICHMOND,  VA. 


Box  949. 


3Ue<aaae<t<e<e<ae<at<ac<e<ae<e)e<c<cyy<t<  r>:i>>.mriaf.iac  •>f»»»>»:i(<o'>aae; 


A  WASHING  MACHINE  is  as  great  a  necessity  in  the  house  as  a  wringer 

THE  MAJESTIC  ROTARY  WASHER 

has  too  many  good  points  for  explanation  in  an  ad- 
vertisement. Your  name  on  a  postal  card  will 
bring  our  booklet,  witb  full  particulars  of  our  six 
different  machines  and  how  to  get  them.  One  of 
them  will  certainly  please  you.  All  are  made  with 
electrically  welded  wire  hoops  sunk  in  grooves — our 
patent.  Being  the  largest  manufacturers  of  wood- 
enware  in  the  world,  we  can  make  better  machines 
for  the  money  than  any  one  else.  If  you  want  a 
machine  that  washes,  buy  one  of  ours. 

THE  RICHMOND  CEDAR  WORKS,  Richmond,  Va. 


610 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLANTER. 


[September 


WAGONS  and  BUGGIES 

MADE 

RIGHT  HERE 

AT    HOME 

BY 

^  The  BARBOUR  BUGGY  CO., 
The  HUGHES  BUGGY  CO., 
The  VIRGINIA    WAGON    CO. 

These  vehicles  are  guaranteed  to  be  as  good  as  can  be  bought  elsewhere;  material  and 
workmanship  unsurpassed;  all  sizes  and  styles,  prices  low.  We  can  save  you  time, 
money  and  freight  by  purchasing  our  vehicles.  Send  for  our  illustrated  catalogues. 
Drop  in  our  warehouse  and  inspect  our  stock.     Inquiries  cheerfully  answered. 

AGENTS    FOR    DEERING    MACHINES.  ] 

RICHMOND  BUGGY  &  WAGON  CO.,  1433  E.  Main  Street,  RICHMOND,  VA.  \ 

§  J.  T-  DUNN,  Manager.  \ 


AH  of  Virginia. 


The  well  bred  stallion  Whalebone,  7872,  by  Abdallah  Wilkes,  a  successful  son  of  the  famous 
progenitor  of  speed  and  race  horse  quality,  Greorge  Wilkes,  2 :22 :  dam  Mollie  0.,  by  Abdallah,  15,  sire 
of  Goldsmith  Maid,  2:14;  second  dam  Kate,  by  Pilot,  Jr.,  sire  of  dams  of  Maud  S.,  2:08^:  I^utwood, 
2 :18f,  the  renowned  sire,  and  others  of  pronounced  fame. 

In  color  Whalebone  is  the  richest  shade  of  dark  mahogany  bay,  while  well  formed  and  handsome, 
and  in  harness  there  are  few  horses  in  the  land  able  either  to  outshow  him  or  to  exhibit  more  airiness 
and  style.  "With  temper  and  disposition  that  are  perfect,  he  is  a  road  and  pleasure  horse  of  rare  excel- 
lence, never  shies  or  pulls,  and  is  afraid  of  nothing — in  fact,  is  safe  for  a  lady  to  drive.  He  was  foaled 
1883,  but  does  not  look  his  age  by  a  decade,  being  well  preserved  and  a  horse  of  extraordinary  vigor. 
The  Wilkes  family  excels  all  others  in  point  of  longevity,  potency,  and,  it  may  be  said,  popularity,  too, 
as  cited  in  Red  Wilkes,  aged  20  ;  Jay  Bird,  aged  25 ;  and  Baron  Wilkes,  aged  21.  The  former  served  40 
mares  this  season,  Jay  Bird  75,  and  Baron  Wilkes  45.  In  order  to  make  a  quick  sale,  I  am  offering  Whale- 
bone for  $175,  probably  less  than  half  his  value,  and  a  sum  which  he  can,  in  proper  hands,  just  about 
double  this  fall  in  service  fees.  He  is  a  sure  foal  getter,  and  sires  uniformly  good  looking  colts  that  de- 
velop into  large,  handsome  horse?,  the  kind  greatly   in  demand.     Address 

-^--.W.  J.  CARTER,  P.  O.  Box  929,  Richmond,  Va. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTEK. 


611 


A.  C.  SINTON.  President, 


R.  R.  GWATHMEY.  Vice-President. 
41      Jl      Jl      Jl      Jl 


J.  J.  SUTTON,  Secretary, 


ESTABLISHED  1840. 


The  watt  PLOW  CO., 

15th  &  Franklin  and  14th  &  Main  Sts.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Agricultural  Implements, 
Machinery,  Vehicles  and 
Harness.  ^  ^  ^  ^ 


INCORPORATED  1893. 


PEERLESS  ENGINE. 


HOCKING  VALLEY  FEED  CUTTER. 


DAIN  COKN  CUTTER. 


STAR  SWEEP  MILL. 


SECTIONS  OF  WIRE  FENCE. 


A  full  Stock  always  on  hand,  and 
prompt  shipments  guaranteed.  South 
Bend,  Dixie  and  Farmer's  Friend 
Plows  and  repairs.  The  Hancock  Ro- 
tary Disc  Plow,  warranted  to  go  in 
the  ground  where  all  others  fail. 

Hocking  Valley  Feed  Cutters,  Cy- 
clone Shredders,  Smalley  Feed  Cutters, 
Dain  Corn  Cutters.  Equal  to  any  made. 
Staver  Buckeye  Feed  Mill  and  Horse 
Power  Combined.  Star  Sweep  Mill. 
Either  grinds  corn  on  cob  or  shelled. 

Whitman  All-Steel,  full  circle  Hay 
Presses.  George  Ertel  Company's  full 
circle  Hay  Presses.  Rapid  Fire  Horse 
Power  Hay  Press,  for  one  horse,  a  good, 
cheap  press.  Will  put  up  from  150  to 
200  bales  a  day.  The  well  known  Min- 
nich  Brand  Baling  Presses. 

Hocking  Valley  Wine  and  Cider 
Mills.  Hard  wood  rollers.  The  best 
mill  made. 

Hocking  Valley  Corn  Shellers,  for 
hand  or  power.  Smalley  Electric  Pole 
and  Wood  Saws,  for  steam  or  horse 
power.  Peerless  Engines  and  Saw 
Mills  always  in  stock.  Several  good 
second-hand  Engines  and  other  second- 
hand machinery  for  sale.  "Pittsburgh 
Perfect"  fencing,  electrically  welded. 
See  cuts  showing  weld.  Barb  Wire, 
Plain  Galvanized  Wire,  Baling  Wire 
and  Bale  Ties.  Continental  Disc  Har- 
rows. Buffalo  and  Lean  Spike  Harrows. 

The  celebrated  Columbus,  Ohio,  Bug- 
gies, Carriages,  Runabouts,  and  Traps. 

Farm  Wagons  and  Delivery  Wagons, 
a  complete  stock. 

Correspondence  solicited. 


>I'IKK  HARROW. 


612  THE  SOUTHERN  PLAXTER. [September 


A  LIBERAL  OFFER. 


,U.-i-UU  ^ 


^ 


*¥ 


3  Months  Trial  Subscription 


t 


-TO  THE= 


Southern  Planter 


FOR  10  CENTS  OR  3  FOR  25  CENTS. 


^ 


4* 


This  liberal  offer  should  be  accepted  by  thous= 

ands  who  are  not  now  readers. 

Send  in  at  once. 

The  SOUTHERN  PLANTER,  Richmond,  Va. 


$ 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


613 


HIS  CHOICE. 

It  la  told  of  the  late  Senator  Matt 
Carpenter  that  one  day  while  chatting 
with  friends  in  a  committee  room  the 
conversation  turned  on  the  relative 
merits  of  religious  sects.  Nearly  every 
member  of  the  party  belonged  to  some 
church,  and ,  there  had  been  an  ani- 
mated discussion,  Senator  Carpenter 
pacing  up  and  down,  listening  intently 
enou.gh.  but  saying  not  a  word. 

"What  church  do  you  belong  to,  Car- 
penter?" asked  one. 

"I  don't  belong  to  any." 

"Why  don't  you  join  one?" 

"I  don't  want  to.  None  exactly  suits 
my  views." 

"What  one  would  you  join  if  you 
were  to  feel  forced  to  a  choice?" 

"The  Catholic,  by  all  means?" 

"And  why  the  Catholic?" 

"Because  they  have  a  purgatory,  and 
that's  a  motion  for  a  new  trial." — The 
Omaha  Bee. 


When  the  new  puppies  were  discov- 
ered to  be  blind  Teddy  was  very  un- 
happy. His  auntie  assured  him  that 
God  would  open  their  eyes  in  due  time. 
When  bedtime  came  Teddy  was  heard 


adding  a  petition  to  his  prayers: 

"Dear  God,  do  please  hurry  up  and 
finish  those  puppies! " — September  Llp- 
pincott's. 


The  HESSLER 

ROUND,   STRONG,    DURABLE. 

No  Flip-Flap  Contrivances. 
You  can  scrape  the  mail  out  with  your 
mittens  on.  PRICE 

A  square  box  is  bothersome.  $1.00. 

Our  box  is  the  best  and  cheapest,  fully  up  to  the  government's  requirements. 

H.  E.  HESSLER  CO.,  Dept.  Z.,  Syracuse,  New  York. 


Established    by 
GEO.  WATT,  1840. 


MANUFACTURER   AND    DEALER    IN 


THE  CALL-WATT  CO., 

Implements,  Machinery  and  Vehicles. 


MANFRED    CALL, 
Gen'l    Manager. 


THE  DEERE  AND  PITTS  DISC  HAR- 
ROWS, STEEL  SHANKS,  DUST 
PROOF  BEARING  BOXES,  PLBX- 
TBLB  GANGS,  allowing  inner  ends 
to  rise  and  fall  independently. 


ALL     STEEL     LEVER     HARROWS. 

Made  up  of  sections  of  25  teeth  each. 

THE  EMPIRE  DRILL,  Disc  or 
Hoe  sows  all  kinds  of  grain,  corn, 
peas,  beans  and  fertilizers  in  most  ap- 
proved manner.  Is  equipped  with  the 
Celebrated  Empire  Grain  Feed  and 
Mark's  Fertilizer  Force  Feed. 

LAND  ROLLERS,  with  wood  staves 
or  solid  steel  rims.     All  sizes. 


FULL  CIRCLE  HORSE 
POWER  PRESSES.  HAND 
AND  STEAM  POWER. 
RAPID  IN  OPERATION, 
SIMPLE,  STRONG,  AND 
LOW  IN  PRICE. 
Guaranteed  to  give  satisfaction. 
Built  of  best  material  and  fully  guar- 


BALING  PRESSES  FOR 
HAY,  STRAW,  PLUNK, 
PEA  VINES.  COTTON, 
AND  ALL  PRODUCTS  RE- 
QURING  BALING. 

THE     GARDNER     PEA    HULLER.     Does  not  break  peas  and  ivill  not  choke. 
THE  IMPERIAL  ONE-HORSE  WAGONS.     Steel  Axle  and  Thimble  Skein. 

anteed. 
THE  MOLINE  WAGON.     Light  Running   and  Durable.     Guaranteed   to   be  made   of  first  class  air  dried  timber. 

Handsomely  finished,  and  has  features  not  found  in  any  other. 

PLOWS  AND  PLOW  REPAIRS  of  all  kinds.     We  make  plows  for  all  purposes  and  sell  them  on  their  merits. 

FEED   AND   ENSILAGE   CUTTERS,  CORN  SHELLERS,  ENGINES,  SAW  MILLS,  CORN  AND  COB  MILLS, 
ETC.,  ETC. 
We  solicit  Inquires  tor  anything  desired. 

13  So.  Fifteenth    Street, 
Between  Main  and  Gary. 


RICHMOND,  VA.    THE  CALL=WATT  CO. 


614 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[September 


BUTTER  STORY  WITH  A  MORAL. 
A  few  days  ago  two  farmers  came  to 
town  and  both  brought  butter  for  sale. 
One  of  the  farmers  had  his  product 
pressed  into  neat,  compact,  half-pound 
packages,  and  he  readily  sold  it  at  25 
cents  a  pound.  He  told  the  Herald 
man  that  he  could  not  meet  the  de- 
mand for  his  butter.  The  other  had 
his  butter  in  a  bucket,  and  it  looked 
soft  and  watery.  After  tramping 
around  town  from  place  to  place  try- 
ing to  sell  he  gave  up  in  disgust  and 
said  It  was  no  use  to  bring  butter  to 
town  to  sell,  as  nobody  would  buy  it. 
This  little  relation  of  facts  carries  with 
It  a  moral.  Can  you  not  guess  what 
that  moral  is? — Palestine  Herald. 


asked 


TRUTH  COMES  OUT. 

"Are  you   blind   by   nature? 
the  charitably-inclined  citizen. 

"No,  sir."  candidly  replied  the  beg- 
gar; "I'm  blind  by  profession." — 
Chicago  Dally  News. 


The  onion  is  a  homely  plant, 
And  rank  as  most  that  grows. 

And  yet  It  beats  to  mix  with  soup 
The  Illy  or  the  rose. 


The  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway 

Extending  from  Cincinnati  and  Louisville,  and 
THROUQi  ITS  CONNECTIONS.... 

THE  BIG  FOUR  SYSTEM,  from  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  Peoria,  Indianapolis, 

Sandusky  and  Cleveland ; 
THE  OHIO  CENTRAL  LINES,  from  Toledo  and  Columbus; 
THE  CINCINNATI,  HAMILTON  &  DAYTON,  from  Detroit,  Toledo,  Lima 
and  Dayton — 

FORMS  THE  MOST  DIRECT  ^"tilZf  r^!:%'SJl^Jr  ROUTE. 

To  STAVNXON,   LYNCHBURG,   CHARLOTXEt»VII-l-E, 
RICHMOIVO,     PETER'<  BITRC,    NORFOLK, 
And   Principal   irirgrliila  Poi»t^. 

H.  W.  FULLER,  Gen.  Pass.  Agt.  C.  &  0.  Ry.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


When  corresponding  with  our  advertisers  always  mention  the 
Southerti  Planter. 


Latest    Improved    FARM    IMPLEMENTS. 


The  best  Harvester  on  eartb,  for  standing  corn 
Safety  seats.  Safety  shafts. 


ROSS.... 

Fodder  Cutters,  Fodder 
Shredders,  Cutters  for  all 
purposes,  Corn  Shellers, 
Grinding  Mills,  Horac 
Powers  and  Wood  Saws. 


Special  prit^es  given  on  .Studebuker  e 
Brown   Wagon?,   Buggies  and  Cari^ 


Studebaker  Buggies,  all  styles,  Studebaker 
Carriages,  Studebaker  Carts,  Stude- 
baker Runabouts. 


Buckeye  Force  Pumps.  Porce- 
lained  Wood  Pumps.  Wood  and 
Steel  Wind  Mills. 


Superior  Grain  and  Fertilizer 
Drills.     Hoe  and  Disc. 


The  Lyons  Improved  Fanning  Mill. 


."•uperior  Drain   Drills. 
Plaia  and    Fertilizer    Hoe  and    Disc 
Drills— All  sizes. 

TIGER  Steel  and  Wood  Self-Dump  Rakes, 
GRANGER  Steel  and  Wood  Hand-Dump  Rakes, 
all  sl/es. 

ELI  BALING  PRESSES. 


HENING  &  NUCKOLS, 


Successors  to 

CHAS.  E.  HUNTER, 


i«y?  [.  ii  Si, 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHER!^  PLANTER 


615 


"MOORE"    QUALITY  "MOORB"    QUANTITY 

J.    S.    IblOOIlS'S    SONS. 

Successors  to  D.  O'SULLIVAN,  and  J.  S.  MOORE  &  SONS. 

CORNER    EiaHTEENTH    &    MAIN    STREETS, 

Wholesale  and  Retail 


RICHMOND.   VinaiNIA. 


...  Grocers,  Feed  and  Liquor  Dealers  ... 


.WE    CAN    SAVE    YOU    MONEY.. 


Read  carefully  below  our  low  prices  on  best  Groceries,  Feed  and  Liquors. 
t^^SPEClAL  ATTENTION  GIVEN  TO  OUT  OF  TOWN  ORDERS. 


Granulated  Sugar,  per  lb 5 

Light  Brown  Sugar,  per  lb 4i 

Lion  Coffee,  per  lb 9 

Arbuckle"s  Coffee,  per  lb 9i 

Best  Green  Tea.  per  lb V5 

Choice  Green  Tea,  per  lb 60 

Good  Green  Tea,  per  lb 40  &  50 

Black  Tea,  Best,  per  lb 50 

Good  Black  Tea,  per  lb 40 

Fair  Black  Tea,  per  lb 25 

Best  Rice,  per  lb 8 

Good  Rice,  per  lb 5 

Pure  Leaf  Lard,  per  lb 10 

Good  Leaf  Lard,  per  lb 9 

Cooked  Sliced  Ham,  per  lb iij 

Good  Salt  Pork,  per  lb 7 

Choice  Salt  Pork,  per  lb 9 

Best  Salt  Pork,  per  lb 10 

Best  Potted  Ham  and  Tongue,  can.        4 

I  lb.  can  Chipped  Beef JO 

New   N.   C.   Cut  Herrings,   dozen, 

lOc.  or,  per  bbl 4.25 

New   N.   C.   Roe   Herrings,    dozen, 

18c..  or.  per  bbl 2. 75 J 

Our  Pride  of  Richmond  Flour,  best 

patent,  per  bbl 4.50 

Our  Daisy  Flour,  good  patent,  per 

bbl 4.25 

Our  Excelsior  Flour,  good  family. 

per  bbl 3.75 

Fresh  Soda  Crackers,  per  lb 5 

Ginger  Snaps,  per  lb 5 


Fresh  Mixed  Cakes,  per  lb 

fi  bars  Colgate's  Octagon  Soap. . . . 
7  bars  Octagon  Shape  Soap,  10-oz. 

cakes  for 

10  bars  Moon  Soap,  8-ounce  cakes. 
12  bars  Hustler  Soap,  8-oz  cakes. . 
Small  California  Hams,  per  lb. . . . 
Good  Salmon,  can,  9c.;  3  cans. . . . 

Large  Mackerel,  each 

Large  cans  Good  Tomatoes,  can. . 
Large  cans  Best  Tomatoes,  can . . . 
2  lb.  cans  Best  Tomatoes,  can .... 

Lar.gc  Juicy  Lemons,  dozen 

Green  Coffee,  per  lb.,  9c. ;  3  lbs .... 
Quart  Mason  Jars  of  Light  Syrup. 

I  gallon  Can  Light  Syrup 

1  gallon  can  Light  Syrup 


12 
25 
10 
20 
40 

*.  bbl.  Clipped  Herrings 2.75 

200  pound  sack  salt,  per  sack 85 

100  pound  sack  salt,  per  sack 0  5 

Best  Full  Cream  Cheese,  per  lb. .      15 

Lump  Starch,  per  lb 4 

Best  Water  Ground  Meal,  per  peck, 

20c. ;  per  bushel 75 

Best  Ship  Stuff,  per  100 1.10 

Best  Bran  or  Brown  Stuff,  per  100.  1.00 

Best  Mixed  Oats,  per  bushel 45 

Porto  Rico  Molasses,  per  gallon..  35 
New  Orleans  Molasses,  per  gallon.  50 
Good  Dark  Molasses,  per  gallon..  20 
."  plugs  of  any  lOc  Tobacco  for  25c., 
.?uch  as  Peach,  Plum.  Grape,  Reynold's 
Sun  Cured  and  other  brands. 


CHOICE  WINES  AND  LIQUORS. 

Moore's  Crown,  fine,  per  gal $3.00 

Moore's  Excelsior,  fine,  per  gal ....  2.00 
Moore's  Keystone,  3  years  old,  per 

gal 2.50 

Moore's  Old  Capital,   2  years  old, 

per  gal 1.50 

Pure  Va.  Apple  Brandy,  gallon...  3.00 
Maryland  Apple  Brandy,  gallon..  2.25 
Imported  Sherry  Wine,  gallon     .  .   3.00 

Good  Gin,  per  gallon 2.00 

Best  Gin,  gallon 2.50 

Best  N.  C.  Corn  Whiskey,  per  gal..  2.00 

Best  Catawba,  per  gallon 45 

Blackberry  Wine,  per  gallon 45 

Good  Port  or  Sherry  Wine,  gallon.  1.00 
New  England  Rum,  per  gallon. . . .  2.00 
7  year  old   Pure  Rye,   1896,   Good 

Hyspire  Brand,  per  gallon 3.50 

Duffy"?  Malt  Whiskey,  per  bottle, 

SOc. ;  per  dozen  9.00 

O'Grady's  Malt  Whiskey,  per  bottle, 

SOc. :   per  dozen 9.00 

McDermott's    Malt    Whiskey,    per 

bottle,  80c.;  per  dozen 9.00 

Pure  Scotch  Whiskey,  User  Brand, 

per  quart 1.15 

Pure  Fulcher  Mountain  Whiskey, 

per  quart 1.15 

Pure    Savage    Mountain    Whiskey, 

4  years  old,  very  fine,  gallon. . .   3.00 


Jug  and  bottle  orders  given  special  attention. 

We  have  everything  in  the  Grocery,  Liquor  and  Feed  line,  and  can  furnish  anything  not  quoted 
at  lowest  market  price.     Prices  on  Staple  Groceries  and  Feed  subject  to  market  changes. 

•SEND  US  YOUR  ORDERS. ,^^ 


616 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[September 


SENSIBLENESS. 

I  was  in  a  hardware  store  a  few  days 
ago,  and  a  hustling  German  farmer  en- 
leied.  The  proprietor  shook  hands 
wilh  him,  and  asked  about  the  pros- 
pects of  his  crop.  Among  other  thinss 
he  asked  how  he  was  getting  along 
with  his  haying. 

•My  hay  is  all  in  der  barn  und 
stack,"  replied  the  farmer. 

"Well.'  said  the  proprietor,  "you  are 
lucky— one  of  the  luckiest  mtn  In  this 
section.  More  than  half  the  farmers 
had  hay  down  when  the  storm  came  on 
yesterday.  There  will  be  lots  of  dam- 
aged hay  around  here.  Many  ithat 
didn't  get  caught  by  tne  storm  of  last 
week  got  caught  yesterday.  Yes.  sir; 
you  are  a  lucky  man."  He  then  step- 
ped out  to  speak  to  a  customer. 

The  farmer  turned  to  a  clerk,  and 
with  a  grimace  said:  "He  say  dot  T  am 
lucky.  Dere  vas  no  luck  aboud  it — it 
vas  just  Warn  sensibleness!  I  vent 
afder  dot  hay,  und  I  got  it.  Does  he 
tink  dot  I  vas  so  foolish  as  to  cut 
grass  ven  it  was  looking  like  rain  all 
aboud?  I  cut  ven  it  look  like  fair  ved- 
der.  und  den  I  go  afder  dot  hay  liUi!  a 
steam  engine,  und  ged  it.  Den  he  aay 
dot  I  vas  lucky!     Ha^ha!" 

Sure  enough,  it  was  merely  plain 
"sensibleness."  For  some  time  tne 
weather  has  been  squally.  Some  farm- 
ers watched  the  indications  closely,  and 
when  it  was  plain  that  we  would  have 
at  least  two  or  three  days  of  fair  wea- 


ther, they  "went  after  the  hay  'iko 
steam  engines,"  and  got  it  up  in  splen- 
did shape.  They  had  everything  ready 
and  oiled,  and  when  the  time  to  "go 
after  it"  came,  they  went.  The  othor 
fellows  cut  when  they  got  ready,  hop- 
ing that  the  weather  would  be  fair, 
and  they  have  a  lot  of  damaged  hay  on 
hand.  There  is  lots  of  luck  in  "plain 
sensibleness,"  as  well  as  in  going  after 
a  thing  like  a  steam  engine. 


WHAT  HE  MIGHT  HAVE  DONE. 

"See  here,  young  man,"  said  the  min- 
ister, "you  never  paid  me  that  fee  for 
marrying  you." 

■You're  mighty  lucky  I  haven't  sued 
you  for  dama.i?es." — From  Tit-Bits. 


A  passenger  on  a  train,  being  greatly 
irritated  by  the  voices  of  a  drove  of 
children  in  the  same  coach,  scowled  on 
the  woman  by  whom  they  were  accom- 
panied and  exclaimed:  "What  is  this — 
a  family  or  a  picnic?"  "These  are  all 
mine,"  replied  the  woman,  severely, 
"and  it  is  no  picnic!" 


Question — If  it  takes  a  farmer  two 
weeks  to  dig  a  barrel  of  apples,  how 
long  will  it  take  a  mosquito  to  crawl 
through  a  barrel  of  molasses?  Answer 
— There  is  no  place  like  home. 


Little  Willie  from  the  city  watched 
the  cows  lying  placidly  in  the  barn 
lot  and  said:  "Uncle  John,  you  must 
have  to  pay  a  lot  of  money  for  chewing 
gum  tor  your  cows.  " — Colman's  Rural 
World. 


What's  the  difference  between  Niag- 
ara Falls,  an  automobile  and  a  ham 
sandwich?  Niagara  Falls  is  run  by 
water  power,  and  an  automobile  Is  run 
by  gasoline.  But  what  about  the  ham 
sandwich?     There's  where  you  bite. 


Boarder — "Here's  an  account  in  the 
paper  of  a  man  who  married  four  wo- 
men in  one  day."  Mrs.  De  Hash — 
"Why,  the  horrible  brute!  Who  was 
he?"  Boarder — "Rev.  Mr.  Longcoat, 
the  preacher.  Married  four  couples, 
see?" 


Do  You  Ship  Apples? 

If  so,  let  us  call  your  attention  to  the  California  and  Oregon  aj^ple 
boxes,  the  coming  packages  for  nice  apples,  particularly  for  foreign 
shipments.  SOUTHSIDE  M'F'G.  CO.,  Petersburg,  Va. 


—  FOR    SALE  — 

Fine  young  Jack,  sure  foal  getter,  and  his  colts  are  good 
ones.     Will  be  prl(?ed  right  to  party  meaning  business. 
Address, 

WHITNEY   B.  DAVIE, 


WHITNEY  STOCK    FAHM. 


RICHMOND,  V*. 


—  FOR     SALE  — 

Featherbone,  a  richly  coated  dark  bay  or  brown  colt, 
foaled  May  27,  1902.  Sired  by  Whalebone,  7872,  dam 
Alcyrene,  2:273,  trial,  2:191,  by  Alcyone,  2:27;  second  dam 
Bessie  Oliver,  by  Kearsarge,  the  son  of  Volunteer  and 
famous  Clara,  dam  of  Dexter,  2:17i,  and  Dictator;  third 
dam  Jessie,  by  Volunteer,  and  back  of  tha't  the  golden  blood 
of  Mambrlno  Chief.  This  colt  Is  Inbred  to  George  Wilkes, 
his  sire  and  dam  being  grandson  and  granddaughter,  re- 
Bpectively,  of  that  world  famous  progenitor  of  race  horse 
quality  and  speed.  Alcyone  got  McKlnney,  2: Hi,  the  great 
sire  of  race  winners  that  sold  for  |25,000  in  1902,  and  nearly 
paid  for  himself  that  season  In  stud  fees.  This  colt  is 
high  class  Individually,  and  partakes  of  the  beauty  of  form 
and  finish  so  often  seen  In  his  family.  Price,  |125,  which 
is  far  less  than  his  real  value.    Address 


W.  J     CARTER. 


p.  O.  BOX  929 


RICHMOND.  VA. 


Pedigrees  traced  and  tabulated.    Catalogues  compiled  and 

circulars  prepared.    Special  attention  given  registration 

matters  pertaining  to  thoroughbreds  and  trotting  horses 

.  .  .  BY  .  .  . 

w.  J.  CARTER  (Broad  Rock), 

P.O.  Box  929  RICHMOND,  VA 

Representing  the  .... 

The  Times-Dispatch,  Richmond,  Va. 
SouTHEKN  Planter,  Richmond,  Va. 
Spokts  of  tue  Times,  New  York. 
Kentucky  Stock  Farm,  Lexington,  Ky. 
Bbeedek  ano  Sportsman,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


WHALEBONE,  7872. 

sired  by  Abdallah  Wilkes,  son  of  George  Wilkes,  2.22. 
dam  Maggie  C,  by  .ibdallah,  15,  sire  of  Goldsmith  Maid, 
2.14;  second  dam  Vlley  Filly,  by  Pilot,  Jr.,  sire  of  dam  of 
Maud  S.,  2.08-1. 

Note. — Whalebone  Is  a  richly  colored  bay  horse  of  fine 
size,  handsome  and  well  formed.  His  disposition  Is  perfect. 
He  has  sired  Visitor,  2.26i,  and  other  winners. 

FEB,  $15,   with  usual  return  privilege. 
Address  W.   J.   CARTER, 

P.    O.    BOX    929,    RICHMOND,    VA. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEE. 


601 


We  are  Going  to  l^BM^l^^MMBHIMBHI 

seuYoa  .  CHATHAM  FANNING  MILL 

On  60  Days'  Approval 

to  convince  yon  of  its  superiority  over  any  fanning  mill  yon  ever  heard 
of.  If  that  isn't  long  enough  time  we  will  take  yourXIiree  VearsNote. 
WKKNOW  what  the  Cbatbani  will  do  for  you,  how  much  money  it 
will  make,  how  much  it  will  save  you,  how  strong  it  is,  how  easily  it  runs 
and  the  perfect  work  it  accomplishes.  It  will  clean  and  grade  your 
seed  grain,  will  enable  you  to  sell  your  clean  grain  at  the  top  price,  will 
save  the  timothy  seed  from  the  yearly  crop  of  grain,  save  the  screenings 
for  feed  for  your  stock.  Tlie  Chatliam  will  clean  and  grade  any 
kind  of  seed  or  grain.  The  new  bagging  attachment  saves  the  work  of 
one  man.  We  have  already  sold  OVER  one  hundred  thousand  (100,000) 
of  them  in  every  part  of  the  U.  S.  and  Canada,  and  are  not  going  to  stop 
until  we  place  one  in  the  hands  of  every  farmer,  stock  raiser  and  seeds- 
man in  North  America.  We  want  yon  to  send  us  your  name  and  address. 
We  will  then  send  you  tne  most  instructive  book,  free, 


"How  to  Make  Dollars  Out  of  Wind. 


It  tells  ways  of  making  easy  money  that  yon  never  thonght 
of.      We    will    also   outline  our    XBKKE    IfEAKS' 

Plan  of  selling  you  a  Chatham.  It  will  surprise  you 
by  its  liberality  and  convince  you  that  we  believe  in  our 
mill.  It  gives  you  a  chance  to  let  the  mill  pay  you  before 
you  pay  us  for  the  mill. 

Here  are  some  of  the  things  others  have  done  with  the 
help  of  the  Chatham  Fanning  Sli\U 


O.  E.Perkins,  Hallsport.  N.Y.,  got  $550  more  for  1000  buehelB 
of  wheat  than  bis  neighbor  did.  Perklne  used  the  Chatham; 
neighbor  dldn*  t 

D.  M.Betbune.  Betbune.  S.  0^  obtains  SI  extra  on  every 
100  pounds  of  rice  by  oelng  the  Ohatbam. 


Novp  write  n«  and  get  that  free  boob  and  oar 

proposition  to  make  you  money.    Address 


HiGfi  Shoals  Manufacturing  Company, 

YARNS.  SHIHTIMGS.  CliECKS.  STRUPES.  BTC 


Talmage  Hardware  Co.,  T/f  j  fff,     .   /^ 

Agents  for  Chatham  Fanning  ^VW^^JVUtfA  jAoa/i.  ^a.,.   «ay  25th.  1603 
Athens,  Ga.. 

Geotlemeni 

The  Chatham  Fanning  Mill  bought  of  you  ia  by  far  a  more  valuable 
machine  than  I  first  thought.  As  you  know  I  did  not  get  this  machine  until 
afer  I  had  begun  to  plant  my  cotton.  When  the  Fanning  Kill  \ 


fanned  before  planti 

the  Fanning  Mill 


looking  ( 


•  the  ! 


my 


up  1 


the  stand 

that  I  can  afford  to  do  without  this 
for  it.  I  have  had  several  of  my  ne: 
speak  In  the  highest  of  terms  so  far 
used  It  00  cotton  aeed  and  fanning  pi 
th'nk  of  doing  without  tt  at  even  tw 


deal  bei 
Id  make  auch  \ 
asl  one-third 


that  the 
ter,  in  fact  one  would  not'* 
difference.  In  addition  to 
of  the  seed.  I  do  not  think 
at  double  the  price  I  paid 


Dlot.  to  ^ 


C. 


M.  CAMPBELL  FANNING  MILL  CO.,  Ltd.,''^''"n?n°^!n°r^1.?'"'''-°  116  Wesson  Avenue,  Detroit,  Mich. 


A  CHEERFUL  VIEW. 

Two  men  who  had  been  sitting  to- 
gether in  the  seat  near  the  door  of  a 
railway  car  became  engaged  in  an  ani- 
mated controversy,  and  their  loud 
voices  attracted  the  attention  of  all 
the  other  passengers.  Suddenly  one  of 
them  rose,  and  said,  "Ladies  and  gen- 
tlemen, I  appeal  to  you  to  decide  a  dis- 
puted point.  My  friend  here  insists 
that  not  more  than  three  people  out  of 
every  five  believe  they  have  souls.  I 
take  a  more  cheerful  view  of  humanity 
than  that.  "Will  all  of  you  who  be- 
lieve you  have  souls  raise  your  right 
hands?" 

Every  hand  went  up. 

"Thank  you."  he  said,  with  a  smile. 
Keep  them  up  just  a  minute.  Now 
will  all  of  you  who  believe  in  a  here- 
after raise  your  left  hands  also?" 

"Thank  you,"  he  said.  "Now,  while 
all  of  you  have  your  hands  raised."  he 
continued,  drawing  a  pair  of  revolvers, 
and  levelling  them,  "my  friend  here 
will  relieve  you  of  whatever  valuable 
articles  you  may  have." — Implement 
Trade  Journal. 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  num- 
bers can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Address 
our  Business  Office. 


SUNNY     HOME     HERD    OF 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS    CATTLE. 

Baron  Roseboy,  57666,  by  the  great  Gay  Blackbird,  dam  by  Bulalles  Eric,  26.  prize 
yearling  at  Columbian  Exposition,  1893,  heads  the  herd.  Pedigree  means  only  the  tracing 
of  good  or  bad  qualities  through  several  generations.  The  animals  comprising  this  herd 
are  direct  descendants  of  the  greatest  prize-winners  of  the  breed  for  the  past  twenty-flve 
years.  Does  this  mean  anything  to  you,  who  are  In  need  of  an  animal  of  this  the  GREAT- 
EST BEEF  BREED?    If  so,  come  and  see  the  best  lot  of  calves  we  ever  bred,  or  write. 

A    L.  FRENCH,  Proprietor,  R.  F.  D.  2  ,  ByrdviUe,  Va. 

(Note  change  of  P.   O.   address). 
Depot  and  shipping  point,  Fitzgerald,  N.  C,  on  D.  &  W.  R'y,  24  miles  southwest  of  Dan- 
ville, Va. 


VIRGINIA   DIVISION. 

Farmers  Mutual  Benefit  Association 

A  Fire  insurance  Association,  chartered  by  tlie  State  of  Virginia,  for 
farmers,  under  an  amended  and  well  protected  plan. 

Insures  in  counties  surrounding  and  accessible  to  Richmond,  against  Fire 
and  Lightning,  only  country  property — no  stores  or  unsafe  risks.  Policy-holders 
amply  secured — all  legitimate  losses  paid.  Average  cost  per  year  less  than  other 
plans,  and  a  great  saving  to  farmers.  Amount  of  property  now  insured,  $330,000, 
and  increasing  yearly.     Estimated  securiey  in  real  and  other  estate,  $750,000. 

For  further  information,  address,  CHAS.  N.  FRIEND,  General  Agent, 

MENTION  THIS  JOURNAL.  CHESTER,  VIRGINIA. 


602 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[September 


SWEET  POTATOES. 

A  pamphlet,  "Cultivation  and  Storaw 
of  Sweet  Potatoes,"  gives,  as  is  ))e- 
lieved.a  more  practical  plan  for  keeping 
potatoes  than  any  other  that  has  here- 
tofore been  placed  before  the  people. 
Important  and  valuable  information 
that  is  not  contained  in  any  other 
known  publication  is  here  given.  Po- 
tatoes can  thus  easily  be  kept  in  good 
eondition  12  months  or  longer.  The 
pamphlet  is  worth,  even  to  life-long  po- 
tato growers,  much  more  than  the 
price  asked. 

A.  F.  Funderburg.  Dudley,  S.  C,  In 
speaking  of  this  pamphlet,  says:  "I 
would  not  take  ten  times  Its  cost  for 
it." 

The  pamphlet  has  been  Introduced 
into  19  States  and  3  Territories.  The 
plans  are  simple  and  easily  understood. 
They  can  be  made  available  for  old 
style  potato  houses,  or  for  new  ones, 
specially  built,  preferably  the  latter. 
Order  now.     Do  not  delay. 

Price,  50  cents,  postpaid.     Address 
BRYAN  TYSON, 
Carthage,  N.  C. 

I  have  a  few  copies  of  a  formula  for 
excluding    moth    from     beehives    that 
will  be  sent,  as  long  as  they  last,  with- 
out charge,  to  those  who  request  It. 
B.  T. 


THE  WORLD'S  BEST  JERSEYS. 

Best  of  Oov:s  in  Illinois  in  Training  for 

World's  Fair  Dairy  Test. 

The  most  valuable  herd  of  Jersey  cat- 
tle ever  assembled  at  any  one  point 
may  be  seen  on  a  model  farm  at  Jersey- 
ville,  Jersey  county.  III.  The  worth  of 
this  herd  can  only  be  approximated, 
for  the  cattle  are  not  for  sale.  An  of- 
fer of  $15,000  for  a  single  member  was 
promptly  declined,  and  not  an  animal 
would  bring  less  than  $500  if  placed  on 
the  market  to-day. 

The  cows  are  the  property  of  indi- 
vidual members  of  the  American  Jer- 
sey Cattle  Club,  and  they  are  assembled 
because  they  are  the  best  qualified  'o 
make  up  a  herd  that  will  represent  the 
Jersey  breed  in  the  great  dairy  demon- 
stration arranged  for  the  World's  Fair 
at  St.  Louis  in  1904  by  F.  D.  Coburn, 
Chief  of  Live  Stock. 

Unequalled  care  and  attention  is  be- 
ing given  these  cattle.  No  athlete 
trained  for  an  event  requiring  the  de- 
velopment of  strength,  endurance  and 
skill  ever  received  more  attention  than 
is  being  bestowed  on  these  full-blood 
Jerseys.  When  the  Lotiisiana  Purchase 
Exposition  opens  its  gates  on  April 
SOth  next  year  the  herd  will  have  Ijeon 
in  constant  training  for  a  full  year, 
and  will  be  in  the  pink  of  condition. 

Twenty-five  cows  will  participate  in 
the  test  at  the  World's  Fair  and  fif- 
teen cows  are  held  in  reserve,  to  be 
substituted  should  occasion  require. 
Great  caution  and  judgment  was  exer- 
cised in  the  selection  of  these  candi- 
dates. The  committee  was  free  to  se- 
lect from  any  of  the  250.000  registered 
Jerseys  In  America,   and   the  animals 


ARMOUR'S  BLOOD  MEALTcMr 

First  proved  by  the  Kansas  Agricnltural  Experiment  Station,  and  since 

corroborated  by  thousands  of  leading  stockmen  who  have  tised  It  without 

A  single  failure.      Equally  eSective  for  the  diarrhea  of  all  animals. 

PREVENTS  weak  bones,  paralysis  of  tbe  bind  leg^s  and  "thumps" 

in  pigs;  "big  head"  of  foals;    ''riclcets"  of  all   young   animals| 

abortion  due  to  incomplete  nutrition,  and  a  host  of  other  troubles. 

A  Potent  Food  for  Work  Horses,  Dairy  Cows,  Poultry. 

Write  us  for  booklet  pving  valuable  information  about  Blood  Meal  and  our 
other  feeding  products.  Consult  us  free  of  charge  regarding  stock  diseases. 

THE  ARMOUR  FERTILIZER  WORKS, 
Chloago.        Omaha.        Baltimore.        Atlanta.        Jacksonville. 


Reg.  HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN 

CATTLE  of  the  Netlierland,  De  Kol,  Clothilde,  Pietertje 

and  Artis  families.     Heavy  milkers  aud  rich  in  butter 

fat.     Stock  of  all  ages  for  sale. 

Re?.     BERKSHIRES     ^'■•"^   noted  strains,   Imported    Headlight,   Lord 
°*  Highclere  and  Sunrise. 

DORSET  SHEEP==^ 
B.  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  CHICKENS, 


N.  &  W.  and  Southern  R.  R. 


T.  O.  SANDY,  Burlceville,  Va. 


**  M 

■  WP     riPPPl?     ^   ^"^^   well-bred   registered    Jersey     ^ 

1  II  U     yJLl  UrV     g^^^  ^^^^  j^^.^^^  Calves  at  $30  each. 

»  They  are   four  months  old   aud  from  best  strains  of  this 

i  breed  ;  also  a  few  young  Berkshire  boars  large  enough 

Ij^  for  service  at  $15   each,   and  pigs  eight  weeks  old  at  $6 

2  each — by  pair  or  trio,  not  akin. 

I  M.   B.   ROWE  &  CO.,  -  Fredericksburg,  Va 


NOW  IS  THE   TIME  to  buy  HOLSTEINS  from  the  Ury  Farm  Herd. 

Ury  Alwlnft  Count  I'lml  De  Kol;  De  Kol  2nii  Butter  Boy  3rci  No.  2,  and  Lord  Harford  De  Kol  head 
our  herd.  You  know  their  official  backing.  There  la  nothing  better,  l.'i  bull  calves  at  bargain 
I)rice9.  Their  dams  arc  of  the  De  Kol,  Aaggie,  Netherland,  rietertje  and  Clothide  strains  and  are  o. 
the  producing  kind.  The  best  bulls  are  sold  young;  also  a  few  cows  and  heifers.  Choice  ENGLISH 
BERKSHIKE  pigs  of  the  best  strains.    Before  buying,  correspond  with  »r  visit 

THOS.  FASSITT  &  SONS,  Sylmar,  Md. 


t^  positively  guarantee   to  bmea 
and   sliii)    tlif  VKKY  KEbT  strains  of 


M 
thor(iii'.'lil)ri'ii    renisti'ied    LARGE 
ENGLISH     BERKSHIRE 

Hogs  fur  LESS  MONEY  than  any  other 
firm  in  the  U.  S.,  the  superiority  of  our 
stock  eoiisiilered  Send  us  your  order 
and  we  will  satisfy  you  both  in  price 
and  stock.  WALTER  B.  FLEMING, 

Proprietor  ol  the  Bridle  Creek  Stock  Farm,  WarreMon.  N.  C. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


603 


thus    come    from    all    sections    of    tbe 
United  States. 

The  owners  of  the  cattle  are  prosper- 
ous and  they  and  the  Jersey  Club  to 
which  they  belong  determined  to  spare 
no  expense  in  making  a  perfect  show- 
ing. The  cows  selected  from  widely 
separated  points,  some  coming  from 
Maine  and  some  from  Oregon,  some 
from  the  North  and  others  from  the 
South,  could  not  give  satisfactory  re- 
sults until  they  were  accustomed  to  the 
St.  Louis  climate,  so  a  point  near  St. 
Louis  was  desired  for  assembling  the 
herd,  and  as  A.  C.  Auten,  of  Evanston, 
111.,  a  member  of  the  Club,  tendered 
the  use,  gratuitously,  of  his  400-acre 
farm  on  the  outskirts  of  Jersey^'ilIe, 
his  proposition  was  accepted. 

This  farm,  10  miles  from  St.  Louis, 
and  one  of  the  best  in  Illinois,  has  been 
pronounced  ideal  fo:  the  purpose,  ^ua 
there  the  work  of  getting  the  Jerseys 
in  condition  is  going  forward. 

C.  T.  Graves,  of  MaitJand.  Mo.,  a 
well-known  breeder  of  Jersey  cattle, 
and  an  expert  on  all  points  pertaining 
to  the  dairy,  was  selected  to  take 
charge  of  operations,  and  with  his 
family  he  moved  to  Jerseyville  early 
in  1903  and  began  the  interesting  wor);. 
It  was  planned  to  construct  on  Mr. 
Auten's  farm  a  model  dairy  and  acces- 
sories, and  under  Mr.  Graves'  personal 
directions  this  has  been  done. 

First  he  designed  a  cow  stable,  which 
was  completed  early  in  July,  and  it  is 
probable  that  not  another  barn  in  the 
world  is  as  complete  in  every  respect 
as  this.  It  is  a  square  with  stable 
wings  on  the  north  and  west.  The 
north  wing  has  stalls  for  24  cows  ami 
the  west  wing  has  stalls  for  12  cows 
and  six  roomy  box  stalls. 

The  barn  and  stables  are  marvels  of 
convenience  and  cleanliness.  An  elec- 
tric plant,  in  a  separate  building,  fur- 
nishes light  and  power.  The  numerous 
windows  are  perfectly  screened,  and 
electric  fans,  numerously  placed.  kef>p 
the  air  in  constant  motion.  There  are 
no  unpleasant  odors,  and  the  stal's 
extend  the  full  length  of  the  wings. 
The  cows  are  so  placed  that  their  heads 
are  at  the  rows  of  windows,  and  the 
air  they  breathe  is  always  pure  and 
fresh  from  the  fragrant  fields.  The 
floors  are  all  concrete.  Between  the 
rows  of  cows,  at  their  rear,  is  a  grani- 
toid passage  way.  affording  the  cows' 
caretakers  plenty  of  room  to  work  at 
feeding  and  milking  time. 

The  mangers  are  also  of  concrete, 
and  are  different  from  anything  ever 
before  designed.  The  walls  slope  to 
ward  the  cow's  head,  and  while  the 
tendency  is  for  the  animals  to  push 
the  food  away  from  her.  the  sloping 
walls  bring  it  right  back.-  A  gate  is 
at  the  cow's  head.  It  is  so  arranged 
that  it  may  be  put  forward  or  back 
so  as  to  fit  the  cow's  length,  and  keep 
her  rear  hoofs  on  the  edge  of  the  floor 
of  the  stall,  adjoining  which  is  a  gut- 
ter. A  chain  at  the  back  passes  under 
the  hollow  of  the  cow's  rear  legs,  pre- 
venting her  from  stepping  into  the 
gutter,  which  slopes  toward  the  centre. 


ABERDEEN  ANGUS  HEIFERS 

-^^^■^in  Calf  and    Registered    Bulls. 

I  expect  to  make  another  trip  to  the  great  X.  I  T.  Ranch  in  the  Pan  Handle 
of  Texas  about  November  1st,  and  will  purchase  heifers  for  those  who  wish  them 
by  the  car  load.  A  personal  acquaintance  extending  over  a  period  of  more  than 
ten  years  with  the  superintendent  of  this  great  ranch,  places  me  in  position  to 
purchase  cattle  to  great  advantage;  in  fact,  few  men  in  the  North  and  West  can 
buy  females  at  all.  I  brought  155  2  yr.  old  heifers  to  North  Carolina  last  faU  thev 
have  given  the  best  of  satisfaction-  90  per  cent,  of  them  raising  fine,  lusty  calves 
as  fane  formed,  as  pure  breds  and  not  a  non-breeder  in  the  lot.  The  cattle  are 
very  HIGH  GRADE,  pure  bred  bulls  only  having  been  used  on  this  3  000  000 
acre  ranch  for  14  years.  The  heifers  have  never  been  fed  or  sheltered  mil  weigh 
about  800  lbs.,  hearty  and  strong— all  black  and  hornless,  as  near  alike  as  so 
many  peas.  Steer  calves  from  this  ranch  have  been  selling  at  $20  and  S'l  pooh 
m  lots  of  from  100  to  5  000  for  several  years.  ' 

Here  is  an  opportunity  for  the  cattle  men  of  the  South  to  secure  cows  that  are 
so  much  sought  after  in  the  great  cattle  markets.  The  heifers  will  cost  $30  each 
at  the  ranch,  and  about  $7  each  will  land  them  at  your  station.  My  commission 
is  $1  per  head  and  expenses,  (expense  very  little)  for  personally  selecting  ship- 
ping, caring  for  and  feeding  cattle  enroute.  ' 

Terms:  calh  at  time  I  start  for  ranch.  30  cows  constitute  a  car  load  Inter- 
ested parties  can  see  some  of  these  cattle  at  the  farms  of  Mr.  L.  Banks  Holt 
Graham,  N.  C,  or  at  our  farms  at  Fitzgerald,  N.  C. 

Send  me  your  orders,  will  have  to  get  my  order  within  four  weeks.     Write 

A.  L.  FRENCH,  Fitzgerald,  N.  C,  or  R.  F.  D.  2,  Byrdville,  Va. 


POLAND 


i»>,'i  S.'";'X'',>,  .>4'i#«.  .  ■'L^'S'i^J'" 


CHINAS. 


I  have  a  limited  number  of  pigs  bv 
my  fine   boars  Gray's   Big   Chief,  57077;  CRAY'S  BIG  CHIEF,  57077. 

and  Victor  G,  57075,  and  can  furnish  pairs  not  akin  or  related  to  those  previously 
purchased.  Young  boars  and  sows  of  all  ages.  Send  to  headquarters  and  get  the 
best  from  the  oldest  and  largest  herd  of  Poland-Chinas  in  this  State  at  one-half 
Western  prices.    Address  J.  B.  QRAY,  Fredericksburg,  Va. 


BERK5HIRES. 


Mr    H.   F.   Stratton  of  Erin,    Houston 
Co..  Tenn.,  writes  me  on  Aug.  loth  1903: 

"The  little  pig  just  received  is  a  beauty, 
I  am  delighted  with  him — wouldn't  take 
twice  twenty  dollars  tor  him.     He  is  thor- 
oughly patrician.     I  expect  great  things 
from  him  at  the  head  of  my  herd  of  Royal  Berkshires." 

So  send  to  Thos.  S   White  for  patrician  pigs  rather  than  buy  plebeians  for  a  little 
less,  do  not  be  "penny  wi.se  and  pound  foolish,"  and  especially  in  thoroughbreds. 
I  have  had  13  sows  to  farrow  in  past  few  days  mth  over  20  more  nearly  due,  order 
promptly  for  fall  shipments,  I  never  have  enough  to  go  round. 
Short  Horn  (Durham  Cattle)  for  sale.     Write  for  particulars. 

THOS.  S.  WHITE,  Fassifern  Stock  Farm,  Lexington,  Va. 


When   corresponding   with   our  advertisers  always   mention  the 
Southern  Planter. 


604 


THE  SOUTHERN  PT.AXTER. 


[September 


On  the  Jersey  farm  there  is  a  cream- 
ery, and  many  other  conveniences,  all 
of  which  will  be  (hiplicatea,  or  im- 
proved upon,  when  the  World's  Fair 
stables  are  erected  for  the  final  test. 

In  all  former  tests  at  international 
expositions  the  stables  have  not  been 
open  to  the  public.  At  St.  Loula  •  Ik- 
foot  promenade  extends  around  the 
barn,  and  the  visitor  may  see  every 
cow  and  may  observe  the  feeding  and 
milking  A  screen  protects  the  ani- 
mals, behind  which  no  one  save  the 
attendants  can  go. 

Everv  ounce  of  food  and  water  siven 
each  cow  will  be  carefully  welghen  ana 
a  record  kept. 

A  huge  silo  will  be  built  adjoinin,; 
the  stables.  A  field  of  20  acres  of  corn 
is  now  growing  near  Claj'ton.  and  this 
will  be  stored  in  the  great  silo  for  food 
next  summer.  Alfalfa  will  also  be 
brought  from  Colorado. 

All  feeding  and  milking  will  be  done 
in  the  stable.  The  milk  will  be  turned 
over  to  the  Dairy  Department,  and  in 
a  model  dairy  in  the  Palace  of  Agricul- 
ture it  will  be  converted  into  butti^r 
and  cheese  and  a  careful  record  of  each 
cow's  participation  in  the  test  will  be 
kept. 

With  the  herd  will  be  Flying  Fox, 
the  famous  Jersey  bull  owned  by  Thos. 
W.  Lawson.  of  Boston.  Mr.  Lawson 
recently  refused  an  offer  of  $l.T.n00  for 
the  bull. 

Among  the  prominent  Jersey  cattle 
breeders  who  have  made  entries  are 
C.  I.  Hood,  of  Lowell.  Mass.,  and  Geo. 
Vanderbilt.  of  Biltmore,  N.  C. 

VOUCHED  FOR  HER. 
In  a  certain  mountain  town  lived  a 
little  boy  of  four,  who  was  very  much 
frightened  at  the  thought  of  a  bear — 
in  fact,  it  was  the  only  animal  or 
thing  he  was  afraid  of — and  his  mother 
in  trying  to  keep  him  from  running 
Into  the  street  and  playing  in  the  irri- 
gating ditches,  and  wandering  away  to 
a  little  unkept  park,  told  him  he  must 
not  go,  for  there  were  bears  there. 
This  frightened  William,  and  the  fol- 
lowing day  he  sat  on  the  dcorstep  in 
a  very  ijuiet  and  thoughtful  mood. 
When  asked  by  the  village  clergyman, 
who  was  passing  by,  why  he  did  not  go 
out  and  play,  William  replied.  "I  must 
not  go  out  of  the  gate,  for  there  are 
bears  in  the  roads  and  down  in  the 
park."'  The  minister  laughingly  re- 
plied. "No.  there's  no  bears  anywhere 
around."  but  William  Insisted  that 
there  were,  as  his  mamma  had  told  him 
that  there  were.  The  minister  said. 
"Let's  go  in  and  ask  mamma  about  It," 
and  mamma  had  to  acknowledge  that 
she  had  simply  told  William  that  to 
keep  him  from  running  away  from 
home.  When  alone  with  the  little  bov 
the  mother  said,  "William,  mamma  is 
sorry  that  she  told  you  a  story  about 
the  hears,  and  I  guess  we  had  better 
ask  God  to  forgive  her,"  whereupon 
William  said.  "Mamma,  you  had  better 
let  me  ask  God.  for  maybe  He  wouldn't 
believe  you." — E\'a  Pierce  Finch,  in 
September  Llpplncott's. 


CHAMPION  PRINCE  ¥ 
RUPERT  No.  79,539,  ',. 
....  at  head  of  herd >' 


HEREFORDS 

-:'        A  Few  High  Class  Bulls  and  Calves  For  Sale 

|;    wHteme    EDWARD  G.  BUTLER, 

l4    before  buying  •..-  =  .,,=  ,„  c..^<. 


elsewhere. 


Send  for 

illustration  of 

Prince    Rupert. 


WtefGu  HEBEFOtfl  GfllTLL 

Service  Bulls ;  Imported  Salisbury  76059     (19083).     Lars  Jr.  85297. 

FOR  SALE — A  choice  lot  of  bull  calves  and  yearling  bulls.  The  bull  calves  sold  recently 
weighed  600  lbs.  at  6  mos   old.     Call  and  make  your  own  selection      Prices  right. 

MURRAY  BOOCOCK,  Owner,  Keswick,  Va. 


1 1 1 1 1 1 1  i  ao^ecg 


Bacon   Hall   Farm. 

Hereford  REGiSTEREDGattie 

"TOP"  BRBEDINQ,  CALVES  NOT  AKIN. 
MOTTO— Satisfaction  or  no  sale. 


E.  M.  QILLET  &  SON, 


Qlencoe,  flaryland 


SHROPSHIRE  SHEEP.— Buckt.  One  year  Old  and  over,  gl5to$20.     Back  Lamba,  Jal7  dellTerr, 
110  to  in.    Ewe  Lambs,  July  delirerj,  $8  and  flO. 

POLAND-CHINA  HOGS.— FIga,  six  week!  old,  $5.     Plga,  two  or  three  months  old,  t7 .50.     Plga, 
flye  moalha  and  over,  $15  to  J20. 

M.  BRONZE  TURKBYS.—Toma,$l.    Hens,  83.    Eggs,  per  sitting  of  12,  whenln  season,  »4. 

MUSOOVY  DUCKS.— Pure  White  Drakes,  81.26.    Pure  White  Ducks,  $1.    Pairs,  J2.25.    Trios,  tS. 

BARRED  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS. 

ROUBN  QBESE. -Ganders,  82.60.    Geeae,  $2.50.    Eggs,  per  aitting,  $3. 

WILLIAM  L.,  Jr.,  No.  21058,  half  brother  of  Aitell,  will  aetve  a  limited  number  of  marea  lor  »2» 
tb*  season,    llaret  boarded  at  lowest  figures  per  month. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEK. 


605 


DIVIDED    IN   TASTE. 

One  morning,  as  Jiioge  C,  of  N.  Co., 
Va.,  was  starting  for  the  town,  he  was 
approached  by  one  of  his  negroes,  who, 
with  more  or  less  confusion,  asked: 

"Massa,  when  yo'  goes  to  do  Co't- 
House  will  yo"  git  me  a  license?  I's 
gwine  to  be  mar'ed." 

"Married,  are  you,  Sam?  All  right," 
called  the  Judge  as  he  hastily  drove  off. 
Arrived  at  the  court-house,  he  spent  a 
very  busy  day,  and  it  was  not  until  he 
was  preparing  to  leave  that  he  remem- 
bered Sam's  license  and  realized  thai 
he  had  not  been  told  the  name  of  the 
bride-elect. 

"The  old  idiot,  he  never  told  me  who 
he  wants  to  carry,  but,  of  course,  Ifa 
Lucinda;  he's  always  making  eyes  at 
her."  So  saying  he  returned  to  the 
court-house  and  had  the  license  made 
out  in  the  names  of  Sam  and  Lucinda. 
Sam  was  the  first  to  greet  him  upon 
his  return  with  the  inquiry: 

■'Git  my  license,  Massa?" 

"Yes,  Sam,  you  old  fool.  You  didn't 
tell  me  who  you  want  to  marry,  but  I 
remembered  how  you're  always  hang- 
ing around  courting  Lucinda  and  got 
the  license  in  her  name." 

"Lawd,  Massa!"  exclaimed  Sam, 
"  'taint  Lucindy,  it's  Kyarline.  What's 
I  gwine  ter  do.  Massa?" 

"Well,"  said  the  Judge,  "the  only 
thing  will  be  for  me  to  get  anothm- 
license  to-morrow." 

"Massa,"  said  Sam,  "did  yo'  pay  any- 
t'ing  fur  dem  license?" 

"Yes,  Sam,  a  dollar  and  seventy-five 
cents." 

"Will  anuther  license  cos'  anyt'ing?" 
asked  Sam. 

"Yes.  Sam.  a  dollar  and  seventy-five 
cents  more,"  reeplied  the  Judge. 

After  scratching  his  woolly  pate  for 
a  few  minutes  Sam  replied: 

"Well,  Massa,  I  done  axed  Kyarline 
an'  she  sed  'Yase,'  but  fo'  de  Lawd, 
dere  ain't  no  dollar  an'  seventy-five 
cents'  difference  in  dem  two  niggers, 
so  ri'  jus'  take  T>ucindy." — Prudence 
Baxter,  in  September  Lippincott's. 


The  artist  wrote  from  New  York  to 
the  farmer  with  whom  he  spent  the 
summer:  "I  have  sold  for  $1.50  that 
picture  I  painted  of  your  cow." 

"Think  of  it.  Maria."  the  good  man 
said  to  his  wife  as  he  read  the  letter. 
"Why.  I'd  have  sold  the  cow  herself 
for  $75!" 


"What  did  you  let  that  little  fellow 
call  you  a  liar  for?" 

"Oh.  I  never  fight  a  smaller  man 
than  myself.  There's  no  glory  in  lick- 
ing him — and  there's  always  the  possi- 
bility that  I  might  get  licked." 


Judge:  Then,  sir,  when  you  were  lie- 
ing  assaulted,  why  did  you  not  call  for 
an  officer? 

Witness:  Call  a  policeman,  your  hon- 
or? Wasn't  I  assaulted  sufficiently  as 
It  was? 


Mention  the  Southern  Planter  wheo 
corresponding  with  advertisers. 


R05EM0NT   HEREFORDS. 

?l^"/A°Mg'u8  ACROBAT  68460, 

Assisted  by  Maequis  of  Salisbury  16th  138894,  the  best  son  of 

imp.  Salisbury.     Correspondence  solicited.     Vi.sitors  welcome. 

C.  E.  CLAPP.    Berryville,   Clarke  Co.,   Va. 


JOHN  S.   FUIVK, 

GLEN    FARM, 

— IMPORTER    AND    BREEDER    OF — 

Polled 

Durham 

Cattle, 

Shropshire  Sheep, 
Southdown  Sheep, 

Poland°China  Hogs.      Berkshire  Hogs.      All  carefully  bred  re; 
SINGER'S    GLEN.    VA. 


DEDERICK'S 


The  Hind  to  Buy 
They  lUways  Satisfy 


Dederick's  Columbian 

THE  LATEST  BOX  BALING  PRESS 

made,  which  has  many  advantages  no  other  bo-\ 
press  possesses.     In  construction,  adaption  of 
power,   economy  and  utility,  it  is   a  wonder. 
For  full  detailed  description,  price,  etc.,  of  th 
and  many  others. send  for  our  /*jff  catalogue 
it  will  save  you  money— Send  to-day. 

P.  K,  DEDERICK'S  SONS,  76  Tlvoll  St.7  Albany,  Nrv 


Improved  Low  Down  Pennsylvania 
Force  Feed  Fertilizer  Grain  Drill 


will  use  no  other  kind.  The  general  verdict  is 
that  it  is  the  best  machine  on  (he  farm.  Made  in 
sizes  with  either  hoe  or  disc.  We  will  send 
you  FKEE  a  special  book  telling  all  about  it  and 
what  it  has  done  to  make  better  paying  crops. 
Adapts  itself  to  all  conditions.  Address 
A.  B.  FARQUHAR  CO..  Ltd.,  York.  Pa. 


T  STANDS  FOR  BIG  CROPS. 


For  1 


lifori 
npy,  damp  or  dry  fe: 


■ibut] 


STANDARD  EVERYWHERE. 

ms  FULLY  WARRANTED. 


.  nothing  i 

Low- Down 

iGrainand  Fertiizer  L 

i  force  feed  for  ferUlizt^r.  grnin  and  grass  seed.  Dr. Us 
any  depth,  perfect  regulation,  low  steel  or  wood  frame,  high 
'  ■'"    ■         "    '  Easy  to  tlU  and  operate.     Light 


SPANGLEHo 


wheels  with  br  'ad  tj 

draft.    Investigate  before  buyinp.    Write  for  free  cataloerue. 
|SPAMGLER   MANFG.  CO..   501   ftTTEEN   STREET,   YORK,  PA. 


Pkof.  John   SI'ENfEK.  Veti-rln 


?lnin  Asrlcultu 


Chloro-Naptholeum  Dip 


* '  Insures  the  Destructions  of  Mites.  Outbreaks  which  have  uome  under  our  notice  have 
been  thoroughly  stamped  out  by  dipping  in  a  2  per  cent  solution  of  Chloro  Naptholeum  Dip." 

Ifyou've  tried  it  you  know  how  good  it  is.  If  you  haven't,  try  It  now.  One  Gfillon  sent  pre- 
paid upon  receipt  of  SI. ■'^O.  money  order  or  check.  Booklet  free.  It  can  make  money  for  you. 
F.  V.  GUNN  &  CO.,  Richmond,  Va..  Agts.  Va.  &  N.  C.      •     The  WEST  DISINFECTING  CO..  Inc.,  Mfrs. 


606 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLAXTEE. 


[September 


THE   PHILOSOPHY   OF   FELIX   O. 
PRYME. 

In  order  to  be  popular,  forget  to  say 
a  good  deal. 

The  way  to  make  a  man  forget  a  fa- 
vor is  to  do  him  one. 

Boomerantis  and  evil  thovights  act  in 
a  similar  fashion. 

A  big  heart  usually  goes  with  a  big 
body,  but  a  big  head  rarely  does. 

Wisdom  is  always  conceded  to  a  rich 
man  until  he  loses  his  riches. 

Do  not  emphasize  your  own  virtues 
by  enlarging  on  the  failings  of  others 

The  most  depressing  humidity  is  that 
caused  by  the  tears  of  a  woman. 

A  genius  is  a  man  who  refuses  to 
believe  in  the  impossibilities  of  other 
people. 

A  safe  way  to  judge  a  man  is  to  as- 
certain just  what  friends  he  doesn't 
make. 

No  marriage  ceremony  has  ever  been 
gone  through  without  a  hitch — of  bride 
and  groom. 

Some  men  who  take  a  post-graduate 
course  are.  in  the  long  run,  glad  to  be- 
come letter  carriers. 

The  claims  to  wisdom  of  owls  and  a 
multitude  of  men  rest  upon  their  looks, 
and  nothing  more. 

The  heartache  of  many  a  widow  has 
been  tempered  by  the  reflection  that 
she  looks  her  best  in  black 

To  get  rid  of  a  bore,  ask  him  to  re 
peat  his  longest  and  favorite  story 
twice.     Even  he  cannot  stand  that. 

A  fool  is  generally  a  person  who  de- 
tects your  faults  while  you  are  in  the 
act  of  calling  attention  to  his  own. 

The  grievance  of  not  a  few  women 
against  their  husbands  is  that  the  lat- 
ter give  them  no  ground  for  grievances 

The  success  of  an  amateur  gardener 
often  depends  upon  the  number  and  the 
appetites  of  his  neighbor's  chickens. 

Only  a  smart  man  can  conceal  from  a 
woman  the  fact  that  he  isn't  as  smart 
as  he  would  wish  her  think  he  is. 

If  we  could  draw  checks  as  easily  as 
we  draw  unkind  inferences,  autonio 
biles  would  be  as  common  as  sparrows 

One  of  the  curious  things  about  a 
man  who  wants  to  borrow  money  from 
you  to-day  is  his  ea.ger  determination 
to  repay  It  to-morrow. 

There  are  three  stages  in  the  exist 
ence  of  the  average  man  when  he  is  of 
particular  interest  to  his  community— 
viz..  at  his  birth,  marriage  and  funeral 
— Success. 


TAIL  OF  A  TWISTED  TALE. 
A  man  once  owned  a  balky  mule 

That  blandishments  resisted. 
And,  losing  patience,  he  grabbed  hold 

Upon  his  tail  and  twisted. 
Whereupon   the  mule  looked  back   on 
him 

In  mild,  reproving  sorrow. 
And  if  the  sad  remains  come  down, 

His  funeral's  to-morrow. 


FORSAUe-Pure-bred  Beagle  pup  of 

the  ti nest  liuntint:  strain.      Will  be  ready 
for  hunting  thi»;  fall.     C.  T.  SMITH, 

Cro.xton,  Caroline  Co.,  Va. 


EMPIRE  DRILLS 


ACCLRATELY  MEASLRE 

ALL  KINDS  OF  GRAIN 

IWiTHOUT    CHANGE. 

That  is,  if  you  set  the  Empire 
Fred  to  sow  any  amount  from  24 
to  13s  quarts  per  acre,  it  will  sow 
t'lactly  that  amount  of  wheat, 
"■ats  or  any  other  small  grain 
without  further  change.    A  pood 
'  stand  of  grain  is  assured.when  you 
sow  with  an  Empire  Drill. 
_  Empire  Grain  Drills  do  not  bunch, 

skip  or  choke.  Made  in  all  styles  and  sizes. 
Write  for  Free  Catalogues.  _., 

EMPIRE  DIVISION 

AMERICAN    SEEDING    MACHINE    COMPANY, 
2S  Monroe  SIreel,  Springlield,  Ohio. 


SLIPSHLGK 


CUppT\  with  a  machine  built  especially  for 
OlilVtxU  southern  trade.  Built  for  the  pur= 
pose.  The  only  machine  of 
the  kind.  Shreds  fine, 
does  not  husk.  Price  two= 
thirds  that  of  huskers.  A 
ton  of  Keystone  fodder  is 
worth  a  ton  of  the  best  hay. 


WE 

AL50 
BUILD 

the  largest  line  of  Huskers  and  Shredders  of  any  manufacturer,  also  a 
full  line  of  Horse  Powers,  Jacks,  Com  Shellers,  Haj'  Balers,  Mowers, 
Seeders,    Rakes,  Loaders  and  Disc  Harrows.   _ 

Send  for  Catalogue  and  Prices.  THE  KEYSTONE  CO. 

ESTABLISHED    SO    -S-eARS.  STERLIING,     ILL,. 


^    THE    J^ 


SEABOARD 

AIR  LINE  RAILWAY 


OFFERS 

PROFITABLE 

INVESTMENTS 

TO^ 


THE  MANUFACTURER, 
THE  STOCK  RAISER, 
THE  DAIRYMAN, 
THE  FRUIT  GROWER, 
THE  TRUCKER. 


WHERE    YOUR     LABOR     IS     NOT     IN    VAIN. 

Would  a  country  where  work  can  be  carried  on  the  entire  year  and  where 
large  profits  can  be  realized  interest  you? 

The  SEABOARD  Air  Line  Railway  traverses  six  Southern  States  and  a 
region  of  this  character.  One  two  cent  stamp  will  bring  handsome  illustrated 
literature  dcsciiptive  of  the  section. 


J,  B.  WHITE, 
6en.  Industrial  Agt.,  Portsmouth,  Va. 


EDW,  W.  COST, 
Traffic  Mgr. 


CHARLES  B.  RYAN, 
Gen.  Pass.  Ag:t.,  Portsmouth,  Va 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


607 


NOTHING  TO  SUGGEST. 

Mt  Uncle   Hi's   mind  has  an   equable 
poise. 

Through  seasons  of  drought  and  of 
raining; 

"III  worry,"  he  says,  "we  lose  sight  of 
our  joys. 
And  we  spend  too  much  time  in  com 
plaining. 
If    the    Lord,    in    His    wisdom,    sends 
blessing  or  blight, 
I'll  take  what  He  sees  fit  to  proffer, 
For  I'm  firm  in  the  faith  that  He's  run- 
nin'  things  right. 
An'  I  have  no  suggestions  to  offer. 

"To  the  Lord,  when  it  travail,  no  dolo 

rous  plea 

t  make,  for  my  creed's  not  so  narrow 

As  to  think  for  a  moment  He'll  lose 

sight  of  me, 

When  He  notes  e'en  the  fall  of  the 

sparrow. 

He  is  there  on  His  throne,  an'  so  just 

is  His  rule. 

Alike  to  the  saint  and  the  scoffer, 

I  sit  here  at  home  jes'  a-takin'  thin.s^s 

cool. 

An'  I  have  no  suggestions  to  offer. 

"It's  a  mighty  good  world  that  we  live 
in  to-day. 
For  the  good's  all  the  time  growin' 
better. 
An',"  my  Uncle  Hi  adds,  in  his  comical 
way, 
"It  satisfies  me  to  the  letter! 
So  I  jes'  keep  t'  work  in  the  shadow  an' 
shine. 
Bit  by  bit  addin'  gbld  t'  my  coffer. 
For  the  world's  bein'  steered  by  a  Hand 
that's  divine. 
An'  I  have  no  suggestions  to  offer." 
■ — Roy   ParreH    Greene,    in    September 
Success. 


THE  APPLE  CROP. 
At  the  recent  National  Apple  Grow- 
ers' Convention,  Niagara  Falls,  N.  V., 
a  statistical  report  covering  all  the 
apple-growing  States  and  Canada  was 
issued.  The  apple  crop  for  1902  was 
estimated  at  47.625.000  barrels,  and  the 
crop  for  1903  at  .54.fil4.000  barrels.  The 
crop  in  Canada  last  year  was  esti- 
mated at  16,120,000  barrels,  and  for 
190.3  at  13.300,000  barrels. 


How  was  the  scenery  where  you 
spent  your  vacation?" 

"The  most  expensive  I  ever  gazed 
at." 


"What  did  your  old  uncle  leave?" 
"A  lot  of  disgusted  relatives  and  a 

.iubilant  young  widow  we'd  never  heard 

of  before." 


V    Cox^r      /Vi:il^    For  The  Whole  World !  i 
;j  A^dW      i  Til  11^    Big  Ones  and  Little  Ones !  ^ 


All  sizes  from  i  H.  P.  Farmers'  Mill  that  cuts  3,000  feet  a  d«y,  up  to  Ibe  biggest  Ibat's  made,  g 

OVER   10,000  DELOACH  PATENT  SAW  MILLS  IN   USE.  ft 

Our  Large  Catalog  i 

No.  66  ^ 

will-  intere.st   you.      It  illas-  jj 

trates  ami  tells  all  about  the  2 

famous  LeLoach  Patent  Va=  2 

riable   Friction    Feed    Saw  S 

Hills,  Shingle  Mills,  Planers,  5j 

Edgers.  Trimmers,  Stave  and  ^ 

Lath   Mills,  Bolters,   Cord  ft 

Wood  and  Drag  Saws,  Corn  S 

and  Buhr  Mills,  Water  Wheels,  8 

]\Iill  Gearing,  Pulleys,  Shaft-  * 

iug,  Etc.  ^ 

Please  mention  the  Southern  S 

Plaster  when  writing  us.  J 

We  will  appreciate  it.  J 

JMiP  MUNOFftClORING  CO. ,  BOX  666 IIIIOPIO,  GO  New  YOfK  BfOOCH, 1 14  LWy 81.  | 

"J  The  Largest  Saw  Mill  Manufacturing  Plant  in  the  World.  *ii    J:r  8 


ABERDEEN-ANGUS  CATTLE^ 

FOR    SALE    AT    INTRODUCTORY    PRICES- 

Choice  Bulls  from  3 
months  to  2j4  years 
old. 

The  Best  Breed  in 
the  world  for 
grading=up 
purposes. 
Call  and  see  them  or  write  for  prices. 
ROSEDALE  STOCK  FARM,  Jeffersonton,  Culpeper  Co.,  Va. 


CHARTERED     1870. 

HEBGHANTS  NATIONAL  BANE 

OF    RICHMOND,    VIRGINIA. 
Capital  Stock,  -  -  -  $200,000.00 

Surplus  and  Profits,  -  -  $628,000.00 

Designated  Depository  of  the  United  States,  City  of  Richmond  and  Commonwealth 

of  Virginia. 
Being  the  Largest  Depository  for  Banks  between  Baltimore  and  New  Orleans,  this 

Bank  offers  superior  facilities  for  direct  and  quick  collections. 
JNO.  P.  BRANCH,  JNO.  K.  BRANCH,  JOHN  F.GLENN, 

President.  Vice-President.  Cashier. 


608 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLANTER. 


[September 


The  following  lUt  of  papers  and  periodical, 
are  the  moat  popular  ones  In  thla  aectlon. 
We  can  SAVE  YOU  MONET  on  whatever 
journal  you  wish. 


DAILIES. 

Price.    With 
_,  Alone.  Planter. 

Times- Dispatch.  Richmond,  Va (6  00  |£  00 

The  PoPt,  Washington,  D.  C 6  00    6  00 

The  Sun,  Baltimore,  Md 3  Oo    840 

News-Leader,  Richmond.  Va. s  00    S  00 

TRI-WEBKLT. 

The  World  (thrlce-a-week),  N.  Y....  1  oO  1  J5 

W'EBKLIBS. 

Harper-s  Weekly   4  00  4  on 

Harper's  Bazaar  i.!        xm  « 

Montgomery  Advertiser  '  1  00  1  an 

Nashville  American   ...  BO 

The  Baltimore  Sun  1  „«  1  « 

Breeder's  Gazette 2^  \^ 

Hoards  Dairyman 1  ??  ?  !? 

Country  QenUeman  ■"■  ^  ""  ^  ^ 

Central  Presbyterian,    ■■ 


1  BO    175 


Tlmes-Dlspatch,  Richmond,  Va  1 

Christian   Advocate,       "           ••  t  m  ,  „ 

Horseman    ••■  l^  ^^^ 

S  00  3  00 

SEMI-MONTHLIES. 

Wool  Markets  and  Sheep  ....                  v,  75 

Dairy  and  Creamery  M  " 

Commtrclal  Poultry  e» 

All  three .    .  '^ 


MONTHLIES. 
North  American  Review  . .  B  no    c  n, 

The  Century  Magazine...:.; 4^    4  2 

St.  Nicholas  Magazine   IZ    \ll 

Lipplncott's  Magazine  Z^IZ    If, 

Harpers  .Magazine  4  nn    j  nn 

Forum  Magazine Z 3^    t^ 

Scrlbner's  Magazine  "'soo    3K 

Frank  Leslies  Magazine....    mo    ,v 

Cosmopolitan  Magazine  1  00    1  ^^ 

Everybody's  Maga7lne  1  00    1  S^ 

Munsey  .Magazine   '"  1  nn    1  0= 

Strand  .Magazine \%    J^ 

McClure's  Magazine   1  00    1  35 

Argosy  Magazine  1  00    1  35 

Review  of  Reviews  2  60    2  75 

Succes-sfiil  Kiirmlnj,'    1  Oo       75 

Bouthern  Krult  Grower 50       gj 

Whero  you  desire  to  subscribe  to  two  or 
more  of  the  publications  named,  you  can  ar- 
rive at  the  net  subscription  price  by  deduct- 
ing SO  cents  from  "our  price  wkh  the 
PLANTER."  If  you  desire  to  subscribe  to 
any  other  publications  not  listed  here,  write 
us  and  we  will  cheerfully  quote  clubbing  or 
net  subscription  rates. 

Subscribers  whose  time  does  not  expire 
until  later  can  take  advantage  of  our  club 
rates,  and  have  their  subscription  advanced 
one  year  from  date  of  expiration  of  their 
subscription  to  either  the  PLANTER  or  any 
of  the  other  publications  mentioned. 

Don't  hesitate  to  write  us  for  any  Informa- 
tion desired:  we  will  cheerfully  answer  any 
correspondence. 

We  furnish  NO  SAMPLE  COPIES  of  other 
periodicals 


Seed  House  of  the  South. 


JAPAN 
BUR 


CLOVER, 
CLOVER, 


KENTUCKY 

BLUB  GRASS, 


BUCKWHEAT, 
OATS  aiHl 
CANE  SEED. 


''Whatsoever  One  Soweth,  That  Shall  He  Reap." 

We  sell  strictly  reliable  FIELD  AND  GARDEN  SEEDS  of  every 
variety  at   Lowest   Market   rates,   included   in  which   are 

RAGLAND'S     PEDIGREE    TOBACCO    SEEDS. 

^      .^      ^      \NE  ALSO   SELL 

Our  Own    Brands   of    Fertilizers 

For  Tobacco,  Corn,  Wheat,  Potatoes,  &c. 

Pure    Raw-Bone    Meal,    Nova    Scotia    and  Virginia    Plaster   and 
Fertilizing  Materials  generally. 

Parties  wishing  to  purchase  will  find  it  to  their  interest  to  price  our  goods. 
Samples  sent  by  mail  when  desired. 

1016    Main    Street, 
LYNCHBURG,  VA. 


Wm.  A.  Miller  &  Son,  ^ 


f  Headquarters  for 
t  Nursery  Stock. 


WHOLESALE 

AND 

RETAIL. 


We  make  a  specialty  of  handling  dealers'  orders. 
ALL  STOCK   TRUE   TO    NAME. 


Nectarines, 

Cherry, 

Quinces, 

Almonds, 


Pecans, 
Chestnuts, 
Walnuts, 
Small  Fruits, 


Apples, 

Pears, 

Peach, 

Plum, 

Apricots, 

CALIFORNIA   PRIVET,  tor   Hedging. 

.    .    AGENTS  WANTED.    .    .  ^ 

FRANKLIN    DAVIS    NURSERY   CO.,  Baltimore,  Md.    ^ 

■t"t-t-|"l"B"l"f-f"!'f"f"|"f-f"fMt..tMf"|».i..».t...f..fr.t"!"t"l"f"g' 


Ornamental  and 
Shade  Trees, 
Evergreens, 
Roses,  Etc. 

WRITE   FOR   CATALOGUE. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


609 


DOMESTIC  ECONOMY. 
To  remove  ink  spots  from  gingham, 
wet  the  spots  with  milk  and  cover  them 
with    common    salt.     Let   stand    some 
hours,  then  rinse  in  several  waters. 

To  clean  a  kettle  in  which  onions  or 
other  rank  vegetables  have  been  cooli- 
ed.  rub  with  a  cloth  dipped  in  hot, 
strong  soda  water,  then  wash  in  soapy 
water. 

A  good  way  to  fix  your  beeswax: 
Place  between  two  pieces  of  paper  and 
keep  it  near  at  hand,  so  that  when  the 
starch  sticks  you  can  readily  rub  the 
iron  over  It. 

When  making  mince  pies,  the  fat 
that  rises  to  the  top  of  the  liquid  in 
which  the  meat  was  boiled  may  be 
skimmed  off  and  utilized  to  good  ad- 
vantage in  the  place  of  suet. 

A  few  drops  of  oil  of  lavender  pour- 
ed into  a  glass  of  very  hot  water  will 
purify  the  air  in  a  room  almost  in- 
stantly from  cooking  odors,  and  is  es- 
pecially refreshing  in  a  sick  room. 

To  clean  decanters,  get  some  old 
pieces  of  blotting  paper  and  soap  them 
well,  roll  the  bits  up  small,  and  put 
about  twenty  little  pieces  into  the  bot- 
tle to  be  cleaned,  then  half  fill  the  de- 
canter with  warm  water.  Let  it  stand 
five  minutes,  and  then  shake  well 
another  five  minutes.  Rinse  with  cold 
water  and  set  it  to  drain;  when  dry  it 
will  be  beautifully  clear  and  bright. 

Clothespins  need  washing  occasion- 
ally to  keep  them  in  good  condition 
It  is  a  good  plan  to  put  them  in  the 
hoiler  after  the  clothes  have  been  taken 
out.  After  they  have  had  a  good  wash 
they  should  be  thoroughly  rinsed  in 
clean  water. 

To  grind  old  scissors  at  home,  saw 
the  blade  on  the  neck  of  a  glass  bottle. 
as  if  you  were  trying  to  saw  that  part 
ofi'.  In  a  short  time  the  scissors  will 
be  quite  sharp. 

Pour  a  little  vinegar  upon  the  stove 
when  you  are  cooking  onions,  turnip 
or  cabba.ge,  and  it  will  immediately 
change  the  disagreeable  odor.  Cloves 
will  do  the  same. 

Poultry  should  never  be  cooked  until 
twelve  or  fourteen  hours  after  killing. 


WHY  SHE  ENJOYED  IT. 

"I  like  to  go  to  church,"  announced 
Dottie.  aged  five,  "because  they  sing 
nice  hymns  about  flowers  and  insects 
and  things  to  eat,  and  the  man  in  the 
night  gown  talks  about  birds." 

"Why,  Dottie,"  said  her  mother,  "I 
don't  think  there  are  any  hymns  about 
insects  and  things  to  eat." 

"There  is  so,"  insisted  Dottie.  "Last 
Sunday  we  sang  a  beauty  hymn  about 
•Bringing  in  the  Cheese.'  and  to-day  we 
sang  one  what  began,  'Just  as_  I  am 
without  one  flea.'  and  when  we  got 
through  the  man  talked  about  a  hawk 
and  two  pigeons." 

Subsequent  inquiry  revealed  the  fact 
that  the  text  had  been.  "Why  halt  ye 
between  two  opinions?" — September 
Lippincott's. 


St.  Hlbans 

Scbool 


Situated  on  a 

Sunny  Headland 

above  the 

Banks  of  New  River, 

IN  THE 

Blue  Gra.ss  Region 
OF  Virginia 


Prepares    Boys 

FOR  UNIVERSITY  OR 
FOR  BUSINESS.«?^-«'.£> 


SEND  FOB  ANNU.\L  CATALOGUE,  IN  WHICH  IS 
PUBLISHED  "plan  OF  ST.  ALBANS  8CH00L." 

Address,   W.  H.  RANDOLPH, 
Head  Alaster, 

BaDFOKD,        -        -        -        V'iRGINIA 


IS    so   NECESSARY   TO   THE 

FARMER    AND    STOCK    RAISER 

that  he  caianot  afford  to  be  •without  the 

best  means  of  pumping  it. 

ADVICE  FREE 


5j  if  application  is  made  to  us. 

I     Rams,  Windmills,  Gasoline  Engines 

^  for  pumping  and  farm  use 

I SYDNOR  PUMP  &  WELL  CO.,  Inc. 

I  Box  949.  RICHMOND,  VA. 


A  WASHING  MACHINE  is  as  great  a  necessity  in  the  house  as  a  wringer 

THE  MAJESTIC  ROTARY  WASHER 

has  Loo  many  good  points  for  explanation  in  an  ad- 
vertisement. Your  name  on  a  postal  card  will 
bring  our  booklet,  with  full  particulars  of  our  six 
different  machines  and  how  to  get  them.  One  of 
them  will  certainly  please  you.  All  are  made  with 
electrically  welded  wire  hoops  sunk  in  grooves — our 
patent.  Being  the  largest  manufacturers  of  wood- 
enware  in  the  world,  we  can  make  better  machines 
for  the  money  than  any  one  else.  If  you  want  a 
machine  that  washes,  buy  one  of  ours. 

THE  RICHMOND  CEDAR  WORKS,  Richmond,  Va. 


610 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLANTER. 


[September 


ai50<H>0<H><><H><H><>H«HXK><K>0<K><H5<H:H>CH>^^ 

I  WAGONS  and  BUGGIES 

MADE 

RIGHT  HERE 

AT    HOME 

BY 


I  The   BARBOUR   BUGGY   CO., 
i  The    HUGHES    BUGGY    CO., 


1 


All  of  Virginia. 


The  VIRGINIA    WAGON    CO.    j 


These  vehicles  are  guaranteed  to  be  as  good  as  can  be  bought  elsewhere;  material  and 
workmanship  unsurpassed ;  all  sizes  and  styles,  prices  low.  We  can  save  you  time, 
money  and  freight  by  purchasing  our  vehicles.  Send  for  our  illustrated  catalogues. 
Drop  in  our  warehouse  and  inspect  our  stock.     Inquiries  cheerfully  answered. 

AGENTS     rOB.    DEERING     MACHINES. 

RICHMOND  BUGGY  &  WAGON  CO.,  1433  E.  Main  Street,  RICHMOND,  VA. 

[  J.  T-  DUNN,  Manager.  \ 


The  well  hred  stallion  Whalebone,  7872,  by  Abdallah  Wilkes,  a  successful  son  of  the  famous 
progenitor  of  speed  and  race  horse  quality,  Greorge  Wilkes,  2  :22 :  dam  Mollie  0.,  by  Abdallah,  15,  sire 
of  Goldsmith  Maid,  2:14;  second  dam  Kate,  by  Pilot,  Jr.,  sire  of  dams  of  Maud  S.,  2:08^;  IN'utwood, 
2  :lSf ,  the  renowned  sire,  and  others  of  pronounced  fame. 

Tn  color  Whalebone  is  the  richest  shade  of  dark  mahogany  bay.  while  well  formed  and  handsome, 

and  in  harness  there  are  few  horses  in  the  land  able  either  to  outshow  him  or  to  exhibit  more  airiness 
and  style.  With  temper  and  disposition  that  are  perfect,  he  is  a  road  and  pleasure  horse  of  rare  excel- 
lence, never  shies  or  pulls,  and  is  afraid  of  nothing — in  fact,  is  safe  for  a  lady  to  drive.  He  was  foaled 
1883.  but  does  not  look  his  age  by  a  decade,  being  well  preserved  and  a  horse  of  extraordinary  vigor. 
The  Wilkes  family  excels  all  others  in  point  of  longevity,  potency,  and,  it  may  be  said,  popularity,  too, 
as  cited  in  lied  Wilkes,  aged  29  ;  Jay  Bird,  aged  25 ;  and  Baron  Wilkes,  aged  21.  The  former  served  40 
mares  this  .season,  Jay  Bird  75,  and  Baron  Wilkes  45.  Tn  order  to  make  a  quick  sale,  I  am  offering  Whale- 
bone for  $175,  probably  less  than  half  his  value,  and  a  sum  which  he  can,  in  proper  hands,  just  about 
doul)le  this  fall  in  service  fees.     He  is  a  sure  foal  getter,  and  sires  uniformly  good  looking  colts  that  de- 

i>lop  into  large,  handsome  horses,  the  kind  greatly    in  demand.     Address 

-^^W.  J.  CARTER,  P.  O.  Box  929,  Richmond,  Va. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


611 


A.  C.  SINTON.  President. 


R.  R.  GWATHMEY.  Vice-President. 
Jl      Jl      Jl      Jl      Jl 


J.  J.  SUTTON,  Secretary, 


ESTABLISHED  1840. 


The  watt  PLOW  CO., 

15th  &  Franklin  and  14th  &  Main  Sts.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Agricultural  Implements, 
Machinery,  Vehicles  and 
Harness.  ^^  ^  ^  ^ 


INCORPORATED  1893. 


PEEBLESS  ENGINE. 


HOCKING  V.4LLEY  FEED  CUTTER. 


DAIN  CORN  CUTTER. 


STAR  SWEEP  MILL. 


SECTIONS  OF  WIRE  FENCE. 


A  full  Stock  always  on  hand,  and 
prompt  shipments  guaranteed.  South 
Bend,  Dixie  and  Farmer's  Friend 
Plows  and  repairs.  The  Hancock  Ro- 
tary Disc  Plow,  warranted  to  go  in 
the  ground  where  all  others  fail. 

Hocking  Valley  Feed  Cutters,  Cy- 
clone Shredders,  Smalley  Feed  Cutters, 
Dain  Corn  Cutters.  Equal  to  any  made. 
Staver  Buckeye  Feed  Mill  and  Horse 
Power  Combined.  Star  Sweep  Mill. 
Either  grinds  corn  on  cob  or  shelled. 

Whitman  All-Steel,  full  circle  Hay 
Presses.  George  Ertel  Company's  full 
circle  Hay  Presses.  Rapid  Fire  Horse 
Power  Hay  Press,  for  one  horse,  a  good, 
cheap  press.  Will  put  up  from  1.50  to 
200  hales  a  day.  The  well  known  Min- 
nich  Brand  Baling  Presses. 

Hocking  Valley  Wine  and  Cider 
Mills.  Hard  wood  rollers.  The  best 
mill  made. 

Hocking  Valley  Corn  Shellers,  for 
hand  or  power.  Smalley  Electric  Pole 
and  Wood  Saws,  for  steam  or  horse 
power.  Peerless  Engines  and  Saw 
Mills  always  in  stock.  Several  good 
second-hand  Engines  and  other  second- 
hand machinery  for  sale.  "Pittsburgh 
Perfect"  fencing,  electrically  welded. 
See  cuts  showing  weld.  Barb  Wire, 
Plain  Galvanized  Wire,  Baling  Wire 
and  Bale  Ties.  Continental  Disc  Har- 
rows. Buffalo  and  Lean  Spike  Harrows. 

The  celebrated  Columbus,  Ohio,  Bug- 
gies, Carriages,  Runabouts,  and  Traps. 

Farm  Wagons  and  Delivery  Wagons, 
a  complete  stock. 

Correspondence  solicited. 


sriKK  HARROW. 


612  THE  SOUTHERX  PLAXTEK.  [September 

A  LIBERAL  OFFER. 


(s4m^^4-  -i-.^>- ».  h  »-;«. 


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I    The  SOUTHERN  PLANTER,  Richmond,  Va. 


«• 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


613 


HIS  CHOICE. 

It  is  told  of  the  late  Senator  Matt 
Carpenter  that  one  day  while  chatting 
with  friends  in  a  committee  room  the 
conversation  turned  on  the  relative 
merits  of  religious  sects.  Nearly  every 
member  of  the  party  belonged  to  some 
church,  and  there  had  been  an  ani- 
mated discussion,  Senator  Carpenter 
pacing  up  and  down,  listening  intently 
enough,  but  saying  not  a  word. 

"What  church  do  you  belong  to.  Car- 
penter?" asked  one. 

"I  don't  belong  to  any." 

"Why  don't  you  join  one?" 

"I  don't  want  to.  None  exactly  suits 
my  views." 

"What  one  would  you  join  if  you 
were  to  feel  forced  to  a  choice?" 

"The  Catholic,  by  all  means?" 

"And  why  the  Catholic?" 

"Because  they  have  a  purgatory,  and 
that's  a  motion  for  a  new  trial." — The 
Omaha  Bee. 


When  the  new  puppies  were  discov- 
ered to  be  blind  Teddy  was  very  un- 
happy. His  auntie  assured  him  that 
God  would  open  their  eyes  in  due  time. 
When  bedtime  came  Teddy  was  heard 


adding  a  petition  to  his  prayers: 

"Dear  God,  do  please  hurry  up  and 
finish  those  puppies!" — September  Llp- 
pincott's. 


TheHESSLER 

ROUND,   STRONQ,    DURABLE. 

No  Flip-Flap  Contrivances. 
You  can  scrape  the  mail  out  with  your 
mittens  on.  PRICE 

A  square  box  is  bothersome.  $1 .00. 

Our  box  is  the  best  and  cheapest,  fully  up  to  the  government's  requirements. 
Disco-crtTO?  lar  xjozesst  XjOts. 

H.  E.  HESSLER  CO.,  Dept.  Z.,  Syracuse,  New  York. 


Established    by 
GEO.  WATT,  1840. 

MANUFACTUREP   AND    DEALER 


THE  CALL-WATT  CO.,  '%Z';''^°.,tt':'- 

Implements,  Machinery  and  Vehicles. 

THE  DEERE  AND  PITTS  DISC  HAR- 
ROWS, STEEL  SHANKS,  DUST 
PHOOF  BEARING  BOXES.  FLEX- 
IBLE GANGS,  allQwing  Inner  ends 
to  rise  and  fall  independently. 


ALL     STEEL     LEVER     HARROWS. 

Made  up  of  sections  of  25  teeth  each. 

THE  EMPIRE  DRILL,  Disc  or 
Hoe  sows  all  kinds  of  grain,  corn, 
peas,  beans  and  fertilizers  in  most  ap- 
proved manner.  Is  equipped  with  the 
celebrated  Empire  Grain  Feed  and 
Mark's  Fertilizer  Force  Feed. 

LAND  ROLLERS,  with  wood  staves 
or  solid  steel  rims.     All  sizes. 


FULL  CIRCLE  HORSE 
POWER  PRESSES,  HAND 
AND  STEAM  POWER. 
RAPID  IN  OPERATION, 
SIMPLE,  STRONG,  AND 
LOW  IN  PRICE. 
Guaranteed  to  give  satisfaction. 
Built  of  best  material  and  fully  guar- 


BALING  PRESSES  FOR 
HAY,  STRAW,  PLUNK. 
PEA  VINES,  COTTON, 
AND  ALL  PRODUCTS  RE- 
QURING  BALING. 

THE     GARDNER     PEA    HULLER.     Does  not  break  peas  and  will  not  choke, 
THE  IMPERIAL  ONE-HORSE  WAGONS.     Steel  Axle  and  Thimble  Skein. 

anteed. 
THE  MOLINE  WAGON.     Light  Running   and  Durable.     Guaranteed   to   be  made   of  first  class  air  dried  timber. 

Handsomely  finished,  and  has  features  not  found  in  any  other. 

PLOWS  AND  PLOW  REPAIRS  of  all  kinds.     We  make  plows  for  all  purposes  and  sell  them  on  their  merits. 

FEED  AND   ENSILAGE  CUTTERS,  CORN  SHELLERS,  ENGINES,  SAAV  MILLS,  CORN  AND  COB  MILLS, 
ETC.,  ETC. 
We  solicit  inquires  for  anything  desired. 

B^ltweenMrn^rnfc:::'      RICHMOND,  VA.     THE   CALL=WATT  CO. 

Bet>ween  Main  and  oary.  ' 


614 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[September 


BUTTER  STORY  WITH  A  MORAL. 
A  few  days  ago  two  farmers  came  to 
town  and  both  brought  butter  for  sale. 
One  of  the  farmers  had  his  product 
pressed  into  neat,  compact,  half-pound 
packages,  and  he  readily  sold  it  at  25 
cents  a  pound.  He  told  the  Herald 
man  that  he  could  not  meet  the  de- 
mand for  his  butter.  The  other  had 
his  butter  in  a  bucket,  and  it  looked 
soft  and  watery.  After  tramping 
around  town  from  place  to  place  try- 
ing to  sell  he  gave  up  in  disgust  and 
said  It  was  no  use  to  bring  butter  to 
town  to  sell,  as  nobody  would  buy  it. 
This  little  relation  of  facts  carries  with 
it  a  moral.  Can  you  not  guess  what 
that  moral  is?— Palestine  Herald. 


TRUTH  COMES  OUT. 

"Are  you  blind  by  nature?"  asked 
the  charitably-inclined  citizen. 

"No.  sir,"  candidly  replied  the  beg- 
gar; "I'm  blind  by  profession." — 
Chicago  Dally  News. 


The  onion  is  a  homely  plant. 
And  rank  as  most  that  grows. 

And  yet  it  beats  to  mix  with  soup 
The  lily  or  the  rose. 


The  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway 

Extending  from  Cincinnati  and  Louisville,  and 
THROUQi   ITS  CONNECTIONS.... 

THE  BIG  FOUR  SYSTEM,  from  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  Peoria,  Indianapolis, 

Sandusky  and  Cleveland ; 
THE  OHIO  CENTRAL  LINES,  from  Toledo  and  Columbus; 
THE  CINCINNATI,  HAMILTON  &  DAYTON,  from  Detroit,  Toledo,  Lima 
and  Dayton — 

FORMS  THE  MOST  DIRECT  *"'Ho'r.KuV.:/r  ROUTE. 

To  STAVNXO]K,   LVNCHBVRC,   CHARLOXXEttVILLE, 
RICHMOND,    PETER»BTTRG,    PIURFOLK, 
And  Principal  Virginia  Poi>'t». 

H.  W.  FULLER,  Qen.  Pass.  Agt.  C.  &  0.  Ry.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


When  corresponding  with  our  advertisers  always  mention  the 
Southern  Planter. 


Latest    Improved    FARM    IMPLEMENTS. 


Sclentllu-  Sli'i-1  Corn  IliirvestiT. 

Tbe  best  Harvester  on  earth,  for  standing  corn 

Safety  seats.  Safety  shafts. 


ROSS.... 

Fodder  Cutters,  Fodder 
Shredders,  Cuttersfor  all 
purposes,  Corn  Shcllers, 
Grinding  MUlB,  Uorsc 
Powers  and  Wood  Saws. 


Special  iirlces  t^iven  on  Studel^aker  and-, 
Brown   Wagons,   Buggies  and  Carts. 


Studebaker  Buggies,  all  styles,  Studebaker 
Carriages,  Studebaker  Carts,  Stude- 
baker Runabouts. 


Buckeye  Force  Pumps.  Porce- 
lained  Wood  Pumps.  Wood  and 
Steel  Wind  Mills. 


Superior  Grain  and  Fertilizer 
Drills.    Hoe  and  Disc. 


>uperior  Qrain   Drills. 
Plala  and    Fertilizer   Hoe  and 
Drills  -All  sizes. 


Disc 


TIGER  Steel  and  Wood  Self-Ilump 
GRANGER  Steel  and  Wood  Hand-Dump 
all  sliies. 

ELI  BALING  PRESSES. 


Rakes, 
Rakea, 


HENING  &  NUGKOLS. 


Successors  to 

CHAS.  E.  HUNTER, 


m-ii  I  in  SI., 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


615 


"MOORE"    QUALITY 

J.  s. 

Successors  to  D.  O'SULLiVAN,  and  J.  S.  MOORE  &  SONS 

CORNER    EiaHTEENTH    &    MAIN    STREETS. 

Wholesale  and  Retail 


"MOORE"    QUANTITY 


RICHMOND.    VIRQINIA. 


...  Grocers,  Feed  and  Liquor  Dealers  ... 


.WE    CAN    SAVE    YOU    MONEY. 


Read  carefully  below  our  low  prices  on  best  Groceries,  Feed  and  Liquors. 
i^*SPECIAL  ATTENTION  GIVEN  TO  OUT  OF  TOWN  ORDERS. 


Granulated  Sugar,  per  lb 5 

Light  Brown  Sugar,  per  lb 4i 

Lion  Coflee.  per  lb 9 

Arbuckle's  Coffee,  per  lb 9 J 

Best  Green  Tea,  per  lb 75 

Choice  Green  Tea,  per  lb 60 

Good  Green  Tea,  per  lb 40  &  SO 

Black  Tea,  Best,  per  lb 50 

Good  Bla'ck  Tea,  per  lb 40 

Fair  Black  Tea,  per  lb 25 

Best  Rice,  per  lb 8 

Good  Rice,  per  lb 5 

Pure  Leaf  Lard,  per  lb 10 

Good  Leaf  Lard,  per  lb. ., 9 

Cooked  Sliced  Ham,  per  lb 12 J 

Good  Salt  Pork,  per  lb 7 

Choice  Salt  Pork,  per  lb 9 

Best  Salt  Pork,  per  lb 10 

Best  Potted  Ham  and  Tongue,  can.        4 

I  lb.  can  Chipped  Beef JO 

New   N.   C.   Cut  Herrings,   dozen, 

10c. ,  or,  per  bbl 1.25 

New   N.   C.   Roe  Herrings,    dozen, 

18c..  or,  per  bbl 2.75S 

Our  Pride  of  Richmond  Flour,  best 

patent,  per  bbl 4. .50 

Our  Daisy  Flcui-,  good  patent,  per 

bbl 4.25 

Our  Excelsior  Flour,  good  family. 

per  bbl 3.75 

Fresh  Soda  Crackers,  per  lb 5 

Ginger  Snaps,  per  lb 5 


Fresh  Mixed  Cakes,  per  lb 8 

I)  bars  Colgate's  Octagon  Soap ....  25 
7  bars  Octagon  Shape  Soap.  10-oz. 

cakes  for 25 

10  bars  Moon  Soap,  8-ounce  cakes.  25 

12  bars  Hustler  Soap,  8-oz  cakes. .  25 

Small  California  Hams,  per  lb. . . .  9 J 

Good  Salmon,  can,  9c.;  3  cans. ...  25 

Large  Mackerel,  each 10 

Large  cans  Good  Tomatoes,  can . .  8 

Large  cans  Best  Tomatoes,  can ...  9 

2  lb.  cans  Best  Tomatoes,  can ....  6 

Largo  Juicy  Lemons,  dozen 12 

Green  Coffee,  per  lb.,  9c.;  3  lbs.  ...  25 

Quart  Mason  Jars  of  Light  Syrup.  10 

i  gallon  Can  Light  Syrup 20 

1  gallon  can  Light  Syrup 40 

^:  bbl.  Clipped  Herrings 2.75 

200  pound  sack  salt,  per  sack 85 

100  pound  sack  salt,  per  sack 45 

Best  Full  Cream  Cheese,  per  lb..  15 

Lump  Starch,  per  lb 4 

Best  Water  Ground  Meal,  per  peck, 

20c. ;  per  bushel 75 

Best  Ship  Stuff,  per  100 1.10 

Best  Bran  or  Brown  Stuff,  per  100.  1.00 

Best  Mixed  Oats,  per  bushel 45 

Porto  Rico  Molasses,  per  gallon..  35 

New  Orleans  Molasses,  per  gallon.  50 

Good  Dark  Molasses,  per  gallon..  20 

3  plugs  of  any  10c.  Tobacco  for  25c., 
such  as  Peach,  Plum.  Grape,  Reynold's 


CHOICE  WINES  AND  LIQUORS. 

Moore's  Crown,  fine,  per  gal $3.00 

Moore's  Excelsior,  fine,  per  gal ....  2.00 
Moore's  Keystone.  3  years  old,  per 

gal 2.50 

Moore's  Old  Capital,   2  years  old, 

per  gal 1.50 

Pure  Va.  Apple  Brandy,  gallon...  3.00 
Maryland  Apple  Brandy,  gallon..  2.25 
Imported  Sherry  Wine,  gallon     . .   3.00 

Good  Gin,  per  gallon 2.00 

Best  Gin,  gallon 2..".0 

Best  N.  C.  Corn  Whiskey,  per  gal..  2.00 

Best  Catawba,  per  gallon 45 

Blackberry  Wine,  per  gallon 45 

Good  Port  or  Sherry  Wine,  gallon.  1.00 
New  England  Rum,  per  gallon. . . .  2.00 
7  year  old   Pure  Rye,   1896,   Good 

Hyspire  Brand,  per  gallon 3.50 

Duffy's  Malt  Whiskey,  per  bottle, 

80c. ;  per  dozen  9.00 

O'Grady's  Malt  Whiskey,  per  bottle, 

80c. ;    per  dozen 9.00 

McDermott's    Malt    Whiskey,    per 

bottle,  80c. ;  per  dozen 9.00 

Pure  Scotch  Whiskey,  User  Brand, 

per  quart 1.15 

Pure   Pulcher  Mountain  Whiskey, 

per  quart 1.15 

Pure    Savage    Mountain    Whiskey, 

4  years  old,  very  fine,  gallon. . .   3.00 


Sun  Cured  and  other  brands. 
Jug  and  bottle  orders  given  special  attention. 

We  have  everything  in  the  Grocery,  Liquor  and  Feed  line,  and  can  furnish  anything  not  quoted 
at  lowest  market  price.     Prices  on  Staple  Groceries  and  Feed  subject  to  market  changes. 

SEND  US  YOUR  ORDERS. ,^2? 


616 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[September 


SENSIBLENESS. 

1  was  in  a  hardware  store  a  few  days 
ago.  and  a  hustling  German  farmer  en- 
leied.  The  proprietor  shool<  hands 
with  him.  and  asl<ed  about  the  pros- 
])pcts  of  his  crop.  Among  other  things 
he  aslved  how  he  was  getting  along 
with  his  haying. 

•My  hay  is  all  in  der  barn  und 
sta'-k."  replied  the  farmer. 

••Well.'  said  the  proprietor,  '•you  are 
lucky — one  of  the  luckiest  mi^n  In  this 
section.  More  than  half  the  farmers 
had  hay  down  when  tJie  storm  came  on 
yesterday.  There  will  be  lots  of  dam- 
aged hay  around  here.  Many  ithat 
didn't  get  caught  by  tne  storm  of  last 
week  got  caught  yesterday.  Yes.  sir; 
you  are  a  lucky  man."  He  then  step- 
peri  out  to  speak  to  a  customer. 

The  farmer  turned  to  a  clerk,  and 
with  a  grimace  said;  "He  say  dot  I  am 
lucky.  Dere  vas  no  luck  aboud  it — it 
vas  just  blam  sensibleness!  I  vent 
afder  dot  hay.  und  I  got  it.  Does  he 
tink  dot  I  vas  so  foolish  as  to  cut 
grass  ven  it  was  looking  like  rain  all 
alioud?  I  cut  ven  it  look  like  fair  red- 
der, und  den  I  go  afder  dot  hay  like  a 
stesm  engine,  und  ged  it.  Den  he  say 
dot  I  vas  Iticky!     Ha,_ha!" 

Sure  enough,  it  was  merely  plain 
"sensibleness."  For  some  time  tne 
weather  has  been  squally.  Some  farm- 
ers watched  the  indications  closely,  and 
when  it  was  plain  that  we  would  have 
at  least  two  or  three  days  of  fair  wea- 


ther, they  "went  after  the  hay  Mk.^ 
steam  engines,"  and  got  it  up  in  splen- 
did shape.  They  had  everything  ready 
and  oiled,  and  when  the  time  to  "go 
after  it "  came,  they  went.  The  other 
fellows  cut  when  they  got  ready,  hop- 
ing that  the  weather  would  be  fair, 
and  they  have  a  lot  of  damaged  hay  on 
hand.  There  is  lots  of  luck  in  "plain 
sensibleness."  as  well  as  in  going  after 
a  thing  like  a  steam  engine. 


WHAT  HE  MIGHT  HAVE  DONE. 

"See  here,  young  man,"  said  the  min- 
ister, •■you  never  paid  me  that  fee  for 
marrying  you." 

■'You're  mighty  lucky  I  haven't  sued 
you  for  damages." — From  Tit-Bits. 


A  passenger  on  a  train,  being  greatly 
irritated  by  the  voices  of  a  drove  of 
children  in  the  same  coach,  scowled  on 
the  woman  by  whom  they  were  accom- 
panied and  exclaimed:  "Svhat  is  this — 
a  family  or  a  picnic?"  "These  are  all 
mine."  replied  the  woman,  severely, 
•'and  it  is  no  picnic!" 


Question — If  it  takes  a  farmer  two 
weeks  to  dig  a  barrel  of  apples,  how 
long  will  it  take  a  mosquito  to  crawl 
through  a  barrel  of  molasses?  Answer 
— There  is  no  place  like  home. 


Little  'Willie  from  the  city  watched 
the  cows  lying  placidly  in  the  bam 
lot.  and  said:  "Uncle  John,  you  must 
have  to  pay  a  lot  of  money  for  chewin.g 
gum  for  your  cows. " — Colman's  Rural 
World. 


What's  the  difference  between  Niag- 
ara Falls,  an  automobile  and  a  ham 
sandwich?  Niagara  Falls  is  run  by 
water  power,  and  an  automobile  is  run 
by  gasoline.  But  what  about  the  ham 
sandwich?     There's  where  you  bite. 


Boarder — "Here's  an  account  in  the 
paper  of  a  man  who  married  four  wo- 
men in  one  day."  Mrs.  De  Hash — 
"Why,  the  horrible  brute:  Who  was 
he?"  Boarder — ••Rev.  Mr.  Longcoat. 
the  preacher.  Married  four  couples, 
see?" 


Do  You  Ship  Apples? 

If  so,  let  us  call  your  attention  to  the  California  and  Oregon  apple 
boxes,  the  coming  packages  for  nice  apples,  particularly  for  foreign 
shipments.  SOUTHSIDE  M'F'G.  CO.,  Petersburg,  Va. 


—  FOR    SALE  — 

Fine  young  Jack,  sure  foal  getter,  and  his  colts  are  good 
ones.    Will  be  priced  right  to  party  meaning  business. 
Address, 

WHITNEY   B.  DAVIE, 


WHITNEY   STOCK   FARM. 


RICHMOND.  V*. 


—  FOR     SALE  — 

Featherbone,  a  richly  coated  dark  bay  or  brown  colt, 
foaled  May  27,  1902.  Sired  by  'Whalebone,  7872.  dam 
Alcyrene,  2:27J,  trial,  2: 19 J,  by  Alcyone,  2:27;  second  dam 
Bessie  Oliver,  by  Kearsarge,  the  son  of  Volunteer  and 
famous  Clara,  dam  of  Dexter,  2:17i,  and  Dictator;  third 
dam  Jessie,  by  Volunteer,  and  back  of  tha't  the  golden  blood 
of  Mambrino  Chief.  This  colt  is  inbred  to  George  Wilkes, 
his  sire  and  dam  being  grandson  and  granddaughter,  re- 
spectively, of  that  world  famous  progenitor  of  race  horse 
quality  and  speed.  Alcyone  got  McKlnney,  2:1H,  the  great 
sire  of  race  winners  that  sold  for  $25,000  in  1902,  and  nearly 
paid  for  himself  that  season  in  stud  fees.  This  colt  is 
high  class  Individually,  and  partakes  of  the  beauty  of  form 
and  finish  so  often  seen  in  his  family.  Price,  $125,  which 
is  far  less  than  his  real  value.    Address 


W.  J     CARTER, 


p.  O.  BOX  929 


RICHMOND,  VA. 


Pedigrees  traced  and  tabulated.     Catalogues  compiled  and 
circulars  prepared.    Special  attention  given  registration 
matters  pertaining  to  thoroughbreds  and  trotting  horses 

.   .   .  BT  .   .   . 

w.  J.  CARTER  (Broad  Rock), 

P.O.  Box  929  RICHMOND,  VA. 

Representing  the  .... 

The  TiMEfc-Disp.\TCH,  Richmond,  Va. 
SoLTHEKS  Planter,  Richmond,  Va. 
Spobts  of  tue  Times,  New  York. 
KENxrcKT  Stock  Farm.  Lexington,  Ky. 
Breeder  .akd  Sportsma.n.  San  Francisco,  Gal. 


WHALEBONE,  7872. 

Sired  by  Abdallah  Wilkes,  son  of  George  Wilkes,  2.22. 

dam    Maggie  0.,  by  Abdallah,  15,  sire  of  Goldsmith  Maid. 

2.14;  second  dam  Viley  Filly,  by  Pilot,  Jr.,  sire  of  dam  of 
Maud  S.,  2.083. 

Note. — Whalebone  is  a  richly  colored  bay  horse  of  fine 
size,  handsome  and  well  formed.  His  disposition  is  perfect 
He  has  sired  Visitor,  2.261,  and  other  winners. 

FEE,  $15,   with  usual  return  privilege. 
Address  W.   J.   CARTER, 

P.    O.    BOX    929.    RICHMOND,    VA. 


The  Southern  Planter. 


DEVOTED  TO 


PRACTICAL  AND   PROQRESSIVB  AGRICULTURE,   HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING,   LIVE  STOCK  AND    THE    FIRESIDE. 


Agriculture  is  the  nursing  mother  of  the  Art8.°=XBNOPHON. 
Tillage  and  pasturage  are  the  two  breasts  of  the  State. --SULLY. 


64tii  Year. 


Richmond,  October,  1903. 


No.  10. 


Farm  Management. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH. 

The  mouth  of  September  up  to  this  time  (20th) 
has  been  very  like  the  preceding  ones  of  the  summer, 
cooler  than  normal  and  showery,  though  not  quite  so 
far  from  the  normal  as  August,  there  having  been 
about  a  week  of  really  typical  September  weather, 
warm,  clear  and  with  nights  dewy,  but  not  too  cold. 
This  has  helped  crops  to  maturity,  and  corn  and  to- 
bacco are  being  cut  all  over  the  State  and  the  adjoin- 
ing ones.  Further  South  the  crops  are  mostly  har- 
vested except  cotton,  and  this  is  being  picked  in  all 
the  States  growing  it.  The  first  bale  of  Virginia 
cotton  was  marketed  in  Petersburg  about  the  17th  of 
September.  Cow  peas  are  being  cut  for  hay,  and 
second  crops  of  clover  and  grass  are  being  cut,  and 
excellent  yields  are  being  secured.  The  corn  crop 
of  the  South,  except  upon  the  river  low  grounds,  is 
probably  one  of  the  best  ever  made,  certainly  this  is 
so  in  Virginia.  On  the  low  grounds  whilst  there  are 
some  good  crops,  yet  the  majority  are  not  up  to  the 
highest  average.  The  land  was  too  wet  and  cold  at 
planting  time,  and  g.id  stands  were  not  secured,  and 
the  weather  has  during  all  the  gi-owing  season  been 
too  showery  to  permit  of  as  frequent  cultivation  as 
should  have  been  given.  We  know  of  many  crops 
that  have  not  had  more  than  one  working,  and  in 
which  the  weeds  are  nearly  as  tall  as  the  corn.  This 
will  cut  down  the  yield  considerably.  A  good  deal 
of  the  crop  is  also  late,  and  should  we  have  early  frost 
will  suffer  some  injury.  In  this  respect,  however,  we 
are  much  better  off  than  the  Western  States,  where 
the  crop  is  also  late,  and  already  in  many  places  much 
injured   by   frost.     A   gentleman   from    Dakota,    a 


farmer  in  that  State,  called. upon  us  a  few  days  ago, 
and  in  the  course  of  conversation  said  that  he  had 
crossed  the  whole  corn  belt  in  the  course  of  his  jour- 
ney to  this  State,  and  that  no  where  in  the  course  of 
that  long  journey  of  1,500  miles  had  he  seen  a  corn 
crop  so  good  as  in  Virginia.  He  was  astonished  with 
the  crops  he  saw  here.  Not  only  was  this  the  case 
with  the  corn  crop,  but  with  the  coav  pea  and  other 
fodder  crops.  He  went  to  see  Mr.  Bellwood's  crops 
at  DrcM'ry's  Bluff,  Va.,  and  saw  them  cutting  cow 
peas  and  millet  for  hay.  He  said  that  he  never  saw 
as  much  feed  cut  off  an  acre  of  land  anywhere  in  the 
West  as  was  being  ciit  there,  and  this  Avas  not  an  ex- 
ceptional field,  but  only  one  of  many  containing 
scores  of  acres  equally  good.  Notwithstanding  an 
abnormal  season,  the  South  is  going  to  have  "hog  and 
hominy"  in  abundance  for  all,  and  more  feed  for  live 
stock  than  probably  ever  before.  This  is  largely  to 
be  accounted  for  in  the  greater  attention  given  to  the 
growing  of  forage  crops.  These  are  now  staple  crops, 
and  are  the  indications,  of  the  greater  attention  given 
to  live  stock  breeding  and  feeding  in  the  South.  This 
means  that  our  people  are  becoming  "farmei*s"  and 
not  "planters,"  and  that  greater  prosperity  is  to  be 
rheir  lot  in  the  near  future. 


The  conclusion  of  spring  wheat  harvesting  in  the 
Northwest  has  been  marked  by  disastrous  weather, 
and  our  prediction  as  to  the  shortage  in  the  wheat 
crop  is  being  fulfilled.  The  crop  of  winter  and 
spring  wheat  together  is  going  to  be  more  than  one 
hundred  million  bushels  less  than  that  of  last  year, 
and  as  the  wheat  crop  of  the  world  is  also  likely  to  be 


618 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAls^TER. 


[OccobJi- 


a  short  one,  we  see  no  reason  to  alter  our  opinion  that 
wheat  will  see  a  material  advance  in  price;  indeed, 
it  is  already  worth  from  10  to  15  cents  more  per 
bnshel  than  it  was  a  year  ago.  Corn  is  also  likely,  in 
onr  opinion,  to  be  worth  more  money,  as  the  Western 
crop  is  a  late  one,  and  certain  to  be  mnch  of  it  imma- 
ture when  frost  strikes  it.  The  oat  crop  is  very 
greatly  below  that  of  last  year  in  quantity,  and  much 
of  it  is  badly  damaged.  This  will  help  to  enhance 
the  value  of  corn,  as  these  two  great  feeding  crops  are 
used  interchangeably.  Whenever  either  crop  is  short 
the  other  always  advances  in  price,  and  when  both  are 
short,  as  will  be  the  case  this  year,  they  both  ad- 
vance. 


The  average  condition  of  the  tobacco  crop  is  in  ad- 
vance of  the  condition  for  several  years,  but  we  are 
afraid  from  what  we  hear  that  the  quality  is  not  likely 
to  be  of  the  best.  There  is  pretty  general  complaint 
that  the  quality  is  coarse,  and  that  there  will  be  diffi- 
culty in  securing  a  nice  cure.  We  would  urge  that 
care  be  taken  in  this  work,  and  that  of  grading  the 
leaf  when  cured.  For  the  best  tobacco,  notwithstand- 
ing what  is  being  said  as  to  the  action  of  the  trusts  in 
depressing  prices,  we  believe  there  will  be  a  fair  price 
paid,  but  it  will  largely  depend  upon  the  handling  of 
the  crop  in  curing  and  grading  as  to  what  each  indi- 
vidual grower  will  obtain.  We  believe  it  is  going  to 
pay  growers  to  do  some  of  the  work  of  the  rehandlers 
for  themselves  this  year.  ^Vhatever  may  be  the  out- 
come of  the  sales,  one  thing  seems  to  be  certain,  that 
tobacco  growers  will  need  to  organize  themselves  in 
order  successfully  to  cope  with  the  triists.  This 
should  not  be  a  difficult  matter,  and  we  tnist  that 
growers  will  devote  some  of  their  time  during  the 
winter  to  this  work,  so  that  the  next  crop  to  be  plant- 
ed shall  be  only  such  an  one  as  can  be  marketed  with 
profit  to  the  growers.  There  are  plenty  of  other 
crops  which  can  be  grown  at  a  profit  until  the  trusts 
are  made  to  understand  that  they  must  be  prepared 
to  give  such  prices  for  the  product  as  will  nay  the 
growers  or  the  crop  will  n.ot  be  grown. 


(^otton  is  being  picked  all  over  the  cotton  bolt,  and 
is  likely,  if  the  weather  continues  open,  to  make  a 
better  yield  than  at  one  time  seemed  possible.  The 
price  is  still  high,  and  the  indications  are  for  this  to 
be  maintained.     Stocks  are  low  and  the  demand  good. 


Sweet  potatoes  are  making  a  good  yield.  The  sec- 
ond crop  of  Irish  potatoes  is  not  going  to  be  up  to  the 
average,  as  much  of  the  seed  rotted  from  the  excessive 
rains  at  planting  time.     It  will  pay  to  give  attention 


to  this  crop,  as  the  Irish  potato  crop  of  the  country 
is  very  seriously  affected  with  blight,  and  will  not  be 
likely  to  be  large  or  to  keep  well. 


The  work  of  sowing  the  wheat  and  oat  crops  should 
receive  immediate  attention.  It  is  already  late  to 
sow  winter  oats,  but  where  the  land  is  well  prepared 
and  the  seed  drilled  so  as  to  get  good  cover,  they  may 
yet  be  seeded  upon  well  drained,  sound  land.  Wheat 
should  not  be  seeded  until  we  have  had  frost,  so  as  to 
avoid  damage  from  the  fly.  In  the  mean  time,  let  all 
the  work  possible  be  done  on  the  land  to  make  the  seed 
bed  a  perfect  one.  More  depends  upon  this  than 
upon  the  quantity  or  quality  of  the  fertilizer  used. 
Have  the  under  surface  soil  compact  and  the  top  two 
or  three  inches  as  fine  as  possible.  To  secure  this 
condition  of  soil  the  roller  and  the  harrow  should  be 
kept  going.  Where  wheat  is  to  follow  corn,  the  corn 
should  be  cut  as  soon  as  possible,  and  either  be  got  off 
the  land  or  be  set  up  in  shocks  as  far  apart  in  the  rows 
as  possible.  Corn  land  that  was  deeply  plowed  in 
the  spring  and  has  been  kept  well  and  frequently 
cultivated  during  the  growth  of  the  crop  may  be  seed- 
ed to  wheat  without  being  plowed  again  if  the  surface 
four  or  five  inches  is  well  broken  with  the  disc  har- 
row or  a  cultivator,  and  theu  brought  into  a  fine  con- 
dition with  the  roller  and  harrow.  We  have  known 
quite  as  good  crops  to  be  made  in  this  way  as  by  re- 
plowing  the  land.  In  our  last  issue  we  wrote  fully  on 
the  seeding  of  the  wheat  crop,  and  to  that  issue  we  re- 
fer our  readers.  One  point  to  which  we  did  not  then 
advert  we  now  press  on  the  attention  of  readers.  See 
to  it  that  provision  is  made  by  furrows  for  taking  off 
surface  water  as  quickly  as  possible.  Wheat  cannot 
succeed  when  standing  in  water.  It  must  have  dry 
feet  in  winter  or  it  will  fail  to  make  a  crop. 


The  showery  summer  we  have  had  has  made  the 
growth  of  weeds  very  heavy.  These  shoiild  be  got 
under  ground  as  soon  as  possible  in  order  that  they 
may  add  to  the  vegetable  matter  in  the  soil.  The 
ground  is  now  cool,  and  there  will  be  no  danger  of 
souring  the  land  by  turning  down  these  crops,  and 
they  will  greatly  improve  the  condition  of  the  land, 
especially  if  it  is  at  the  same  time  subsoiled 
and  deeply  broken.  All  other  green  crops  not  re- 
quired for  feed  may  also  be  now  safely  plowed  down, 
but  wherever  the  growth  is  heavy  enough  to  make  hay 
unless  the  land  badly  needs  the  vegetable  matter  we 
would  cut  the  crop,  leaving  a  long  stubble,  and  cure 
for  hay  before  plowing.  We  have  never  had  any 
liking  for  burying  in  the  soil  a  crop  which  has  cost 
money  and  labor  to  produce,  unless  the  most  impera- 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


619 


tive  need  existed  for  such  a  coiirse.  We  prefer  to 
take  its  feed  value  out  first  and  then  bury  the  residue. 
After  the  crops  of  weeds  and  forage  have  been  plowed 
dovm,  give  a  top  dressing  of  lime,  50  bushels  to  the 
acre,  and  harrow  in  lightly,  and  then  seed  with  rye 
up  to  the  end  of  !N'ovember,  and  a  preparation  will 
have  been  made  for  a  summer  crop  which  will  tell  a 
tale  in  the  harvest. 


Continue  the  seeding  of  vetches  and  wheat  and  rye. 
Hairy  Vetch  should  be  got  in  at  once.  English  or 
Winter  Vetch  may  be  sown  until  the  middle  of  jSTo- 
vember.  It  is  too  late  to  sow  crimson  clover  with  a 
certainty  of  a  stand,  though  we  have  known  many  a 
good  crop  raised  sown  in  October.  We  would  seed  a 
few  pounds  per  acre  with  wheat,  rye  or  oats,  or  a 
mixture  of  the  three  grains.  Much  of  the  clover  will 
probably  live  over  the  winter  protected  by  these 
grains,  and  will  add  to  the  value  of  the  feed  and  also 
improve  the  land.  Seed  the  vetches  with  a  mixture 
of  small  grain,  say  2.5  poimds  of  vetch  seed  with  three- 
qiiarters  of  a  bushel  of  wheat,  oats  and  rye  mixed  per 
acre,  and  if  a  pound  or  two  of  Dwarf  Essex  Rape  be 
added  per  acre  it  will  improve  the  pasturage.  We 
have  had  a  number  of  our  subscribers  to  tell  us  that 
this  mixture  has  given  them  the  best  spring  pasture 
of  anvthins:  they  ever  tried. 


Let  all  the  forage  crops  be  cut  and  cured  as  soon 
as  possible.  The  nights  are  now  too  cold  for  them  to 
make  much  further  growth,  and  the  difficulty  of 
curing  them  increases  day  by  day.  They  will  now 
■require  much  more  care  to  get  them  into  a  condition 
to  be  put  into  the  barn  than  earlier  in  the  season,  but 
their  value  as  feed  will  warrant  this  care  being  given 
them.  Cut  when  free  from  dew  or  rain,  and  let  them 
lie  for  24  hours,  then  rake  up  into  windrow  and  put 
up  into  small  cocks.  Let  these  stand  for  a  day  or  two 
and  then  open  out  and  sun,  and  put  into  larger  cocks. 
Repeat  this  until  the  crop  is  ready  for  the  barn.  This 
will  give  a  hay  full  of  nutriment,  and  which  will  be 
eaten  with  relish  by  stock. 


Cut  up  tlie  corn  crop  at  the  root  and  set  up  in 
shocks  to  cure.  Miich  of  the  corn  this  year  is  yet 
very  full  of  nature,  and  it  will  not  be  safe  to  put  it 
into  large  shocks.  Have  these  smaller  shocks  well 
set  lip  and  tie  them  round  the  top  with  binder  twine, 
so  that  they  may  stand  well  and  cure.  When  dry 
pull  the  corn  and  have  the  fodder  run  through  the 
shredder  and  packed  in  the  bam.  If  you  have  not  a 
shredder,  let  the  fodder  be  carried  to  the  bam  or  be 
stacked  up  under  cover,  if  possible ;  or,  if  not,  then  be 


made  into  stacks  and  be  covered  with  straw  to  keep 
out  the  wet.  Do  not  leave  the  fodder  to  waste  in  the 
field.  It  has  cost  money  and  labor  to  produce  it,  and 
is  worth  much  as  feed.  Farming  is  not  so  profitable 
a  business  that  you  can  afford  to  waste  nearly  one- 
half  of  the  value  of  the  com  crop. 


Irish  and  sweet  potatoes  should  be  dug  before  the 
frost  cuts  the  tops.  Dig  only  in  dry  weather,  and  do 
not  let  the  tubers  lie  longer  on  the  ground  in  the  sun 
than  just  siifficient  to  dry  off  the  adhering  soil.  In 
this  issue  in  our  Garden  ISTotes  will  be  found  advice 
as  to  storing  sweet  potatoes.  Irish  potatoes  may  be 
stored  either  in  a  frost  proof  cellar  or  in  pit  or  piles 
in  the  field.  Do  not  put  too  many  in  one  heap.  Fifty 
bushels  is  enough  to  put  in  one  pile.  Make  the  piles 
on  high  dry  ground,  and  cover  at  first  with  only  some 
straw  and  a  few  boards  to  keep  out  the  rain.  After  the 
potatoes  have  gone  through  the  sweat,  say  in  a  week 
or  ten  days,  cover  with  more  dry  straw  and  put  soil 
on  this  sufficiently  thick  to  keep  out  frost. 


Sugar  beets  and  mangold  wurtzel  beets  should  be 
pulled  before  frost  and  be  stored  in  a  frost  proof  cel- 
lar or  shed,  or  in  heaps  well  covered  with  straw  and 
soil. 


See  that  all  barns,  stables,  sheds  and  pens  are  thor-. 
oughly  cleaned  out  and  lime  washed,  and  have  all 
doors,  windows  and  roofs  repaired,  so  that  when  stock 
are  put  into  the  buildings  they  will  be  warm  and 
comfortable.  They  cannot  make  the  best  use  of  the 
feed  given  them  unless  they  are  comfortable.  It  is 
a  very  extravagant  way  to  use  feed  to  warm  buildings 
and  barn  yards  with  it.  Make  these  warm  by  ex- 
cluding drafts  and  rain,  and  the  stock  will  then  use 
the  feed  to  make  flesh  and  growth. 


THE  LEGUMINOUS  CROPS  AS  IMPROVERS  OF 
LAND. 

For  years  we  have  been  iterating  and  reiterating 
the  advice  to  grow  the  various  leguminous  crops,  such 
as  cow  peas,  crimson  and  red  clover,  vetches,  soy  beans 
and  velvet  beans,  for  feed  or  as  improvers  of  land,  and 
to  a  very  considerable  extent  this  advice  has  been  fol- 
lowed throughout  the  Soiith,  but  there  are  yet  thou- 
sands of  farmers  who  do  not  use  them  or  only  use  them 
to  a  very  limited  extent.  These  men  are  standing  in 
their  own  light  and  throwing  away  the  greatest  oppor- 
tunity ever  given  to  men  in  any  calling.  In  a  recent 
visit  to  the  farm  of  Mr.  Bellwood,  at  Drewry's  Bluff, 
Va.,  we  were  more  than  ever  impressed  with  the  truth 


620 


THE  SOUTHEKX  PLAXTER. 


[October 


of  this  assertion.  When  ^Ir.  Bellwood  purchased  his 
farm  of  over  1,000  acres  about  twelve  or  fifteen 
years  ago  it  was  a  typical  examjile  of  a  run  do^vii 
farm.  It  had  been  cropped  and  cropped  by  renters 
and  others  until  nearly  all  except  the  low  grounds 
was  almost  too  poor  even  to  sprout  peas.  Shallow 
plowing,  the  want  of  a  system  of  rotation,  and  the 
failure  to  grow  recuperating  crops,  or  to  keep  stock 
and  apply  tiie  manure  made  to  the  land,  was  the  cause 
of  this  condition.  Naturally  the  land  is  good.  All 
it  needed  was  good  management  and  farming  to  make 
it  as  it  is  now,  one  of  the  most  fertile  farms  in  the 
South.  Mr.  Bellwood  and  his  sons  set  about  to  give 
it  this,  and  the  resxilt  is  now  seen.  We  doubt  whe- 
ther there  is  in  the  United  States  a  farm  upon  which 
heavier  crops  are  grown  than  are  now  the  rule  every 
year  on  this  place.  This  wonderfully  imjiroved  con- 
dition has  been  altogether  brought  about  by  a  good 
system  of  rotation,  the  constant  growing  of  the  legu- 
minous crops,  and  the  keeping  of  a  heavy  head  of 
live  stock.  Every  year  several  hundred  bushels  of 
cow  peas  are  sown,  and  vetches,  soy  beans  and  velvet 
beans  are  grown  in  large  quantity.  JTot  an  ounce  of 
commercial  fertilizer  has  ever  been  used  on  the  place. 
Each  year  crops  of  wheat  averaging  from  25  to  3.") 
bushels  to  theacre,  and  corn  running  all  the  way  from 
50  bushels  on  the  high  land  to  125  bushels  on  the  low 
grounds  to  the  acre,  and  hundreds  of  tons  of  timothy 
and  cow  peas  and  millet  mixed  hay,  which  latter  crop 
makes  as  high  as  two  or  three  tons  to  the  acre,  are 
made.  We  saw  crops  of  this  hay  being  cut,  which  y:e 
are  satisfied  would  make  nearly  three  tons  to  the  acre. 
On  all  the  poorer  high  land  it  has  been  and  is  the  rule 
to  grow  two  leguminous  crops  between  the  crops  of 
wheat  and  corn,  and  these  are  now  in  almost  every 
case  cut  for  hay,  leaving  a  heavy  stubble  to  plow- 
down.  The  only  exception  to  this  rule  is  when  velvet 
beans  are  grown.  These  are  always  grown  solely  for 
a  recuperating  ero]),  and  are  plowed  down  during  *h<^ 
winter.  The  experience  of  Mr.  Bellwood  is  that  vel- 
vet beans  are  the  most  valuable  when  used  in  this  way. 
The  growth  is  so  heavy  and  the  vines  are  so  long  and 
tangled  that  it  is  a  most  difficult  matter  to  handle 
them  for  hay,  and  he  finds  that  stock  do  not  care  to 
eat  them  when  any  other  feed  is  in  sight.  As  a  re- 
cuperating crop  they  make  a  more  permanent  im- 
provement of  the  land  than  any  other  legume,  and 
put  so  much  vegetable  matter  into  the  soil  that  it 
is  placed  in  the  finest  condition  possible  for  the 
growth  of  any  other  crop.  TTpon  one  large  field  of 
upland  we  saw  a  crop  of  corn  which  will  certainly 
yield  50  bushels  to  the  acre  where  a  few  years  ago  not 
nubbins  would  have  been  made,  and  the  whole  im- 


provement has  been  made  by  the  use  of  these  legumi- 
nous crops.  Every  year  hundreds  of  tons  of  hay, 
timothy  and  mixed  is  sold  in  addition  to  the  wheat 
and  large  part  of  the  corn.  WTiere  the  manure  from 
the  stock  has  been  used  there  is  now  growing  a  crop 
of  silage  corn,  which  looks  like  making  15  tons  to  the 
acre  at  least,  and  this  was  a  few  years  ago  a  poor 
field,  which  would  scarcely  grow  weeds.  The  silo  at 
the  faiTn  is  the  largest  we  have  seen.  It  is  built  of 
concrete,  and  will  hold  nearly  500  tons  of  silage. 
This  large  quantity  is  made  every  year  and  fed  to  the 
cattle  with  pea  and  millet  hay.  The  silo  corn  is  w(  il 
eared,  and  the  silage  is  therefore  rich,  and  with  the 
pea  and  millet  hay  makes  nearly  a  balanced  ration, 
whtch  makes  milk  in  quantity  at  a  small  cost,  which 
milk  is  shipped  to  Richmond  every  day  and  brings  in 
a  constant  income.  This  is  profitable  farming  as 
practically  the  only  oiitgo  is  for  labor.  Why  cannot 
liundreds  of  other  farmers  go  and  do  likewise.  They 
may  not  all  be  able  to  make  milk  production  a  fea- 
ture, but  they  can  make  beef  with  the  same  feed,  and 
beef  will  pay  made  in  -this  way. 


LIME  AS  AN  IMPROVER  OF  LAND. 

In  this  issue  will  be  found  an  enquiry  as  to  the 
advisability  of  applying  lime  to  land  and  as  to  its 
effect  on  crop  production.  This  is  only  one  of  nume- 
rous similar  enquiries  which  come  to  us  during  the 
year.  In  some  cases  the  enquirers  ask  as  to  using  it 
on  light  land,  in  others  as  to  its  effect  on  heavy  land. 
We  have  deferred  replying  to  many  of  these  enquirers 
through  our  columns  until  this  season  of  the  year  in 
order  that  we  might  bring  the  subject  before  our 
readers  at  a  time  when  it  is  strictly  in  order  for 
farmers  to  undertake  the  work  of  applying  the  lime. 
As  readers  of  our  columns  are  aware,  we  have  for 
many  years  held  strongly  to  the  opinion  that  nearly 
all  land  in  the  South  requires  lime  if  the  best  results 
are  to  be  obtained.  We  have  been  confirmed  in  this 
view  in  every  case  where  our  advice  has  been  followed 
which  has  been  reported  to  us.  This  view  as  to  the 
necessity  for  the  use  of  lime  upon  nearly  all  land  is 
now  being  strongly  enforced  by  experiments,  which 
have  been  and  are  being  made  at  a  number  of  the 
Experiment  Stations  in  different  parts  of  the  country. 
In  the  past  it  has  been  largely  held  that  the  use  of 
lime  could  only  be  justified  where  the  land  was  cover- 
ed with  a  strong  growth  of  vegetable  matter,  or  where 
the  soil  itself  was  filled  with  tough  vegetable  fibre, 
which  required  to  be  broken  down  by  the  caustic  ac- 
tion of  lime.  Xow  it  is  being  recognized  by  authori- 
ties that  this  is  onlv  one  of  the  conditions  under  which 


190S.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


621 


lime  may  be  siiccessfully  used,  and  that  its  action  is 
equally  beneficial  on  most  land  even  though  little  or 
no  vegetable  matter  is  on  or  in  the  soil.  It  has  also 
been  thought  in  the  past  that  lime  could  not  be  profit- 
ably used  in  connection-  with  phosphatic  fertilizers, 
but  now  experiments  have  conclusively  shown  that  its 
action  in  connection  with  these  is  most  marked  and 
beneficial.  Lime  is  many  sided  in  its  effects  on  land. 
It  acts  both  physically,  mechanically  and  directly 
and  indirectly  as  a  fertilizer.  Applied  to  light  land, 
it  makes  it  more  cohesive  and  retentive  of  moisture 
and  fertility.  Heavy  land  it  lightens  and  makes 
more  porous,  disintegrating  the  cohesive  soil  and 
rendering  it  permeable  by  the  fine  roots  of  the  plants 
and  cheeking  baking  and  running  together.  It  cor- 
rects acidity  in  the  soil,  and  much  land  not  thoug>hi: 
to  be  acid  is  found  upon  chemical  examination  to  be 
much  too  acid  for  the  best  gi'owth  of  crops.  There 
are  very  few  crops  which  fioiirish  in  an  acid  soil. 
This  is  perhaps  not  so  miich  because  of  the  acidity 
of  the  soil,  but  because  in  such  soils  the  microbes  upon 
which  largely  depends  the  fertility  of  land  cannot 
there  live  and  work.  More  especially  is  this  the  case 
where  the  leguminous  crops  like  clover  and  cow  peas 
refuse  to  gTOw.  These  crops,  upon  which  so  largely 
depends  the  quick  recuperation  of  wasted  and  infer- 
tile land,  and  the  maintenance  of  fertility  in  all  lands 
are  almost  wholly  dependent  upon  microbic  life  in 
the  soil  for  their  vigorous  growth.  Where  this  is 
absent  they  cannot  flourish,  and  wherever  the  soil  is  at 
all  acid  the  microbes  cannot  live  and  the  legumes  fail 
and  the  farmer's  cheapest  source  of  fertility  is  lost  to 
him.  Lime  again  acts  as  a  powerful  solvent  of  inert 
fertility  in  the  soil.  Both  potash  and  phosphoric 
acid  existing  in  the  soil  in  forms  incapable  of  sup- 
porting plant  life  are  rendered  available  to  jilants  by 
the  action  of  lime,  and  especially  is  this  the  case  with 
potash.  Probably  all  the  different  forms  of  lime 
compounds  are  more  or  less  useful  when  applied  to 
land,  but  in  the  form  of  a  carbonate,  in  which  it  is 
found  in  the  limestone  of  our  mountains  and  in  the 
oyster  shell  it  is  undoubtedly  the  most  efficient. 
Formerly  it  was  thought  that  to  secure  good  resuUs 
it  should  be  applied  in  heavy  dressings.  Frequently 
five  tons  to  the  acre  was  applied.  It  is  now  found 
that  it  is  equally  and  probably  more  effective  applied 
in  less  quantity  and  at  more  frequent  intervals.  One 
ton  to  the  acre  applied  at  intervals  of  four  or  five 
years  will  be  found  effective  of  great  improvement  on 
most  lands.  It  may  be  applied  in  conjunction  witli 
other  fertilizers,  except  those  like  barn  yard  manure, 
especially  rich  in  nitrogen.  Where  it  is  applied  in 
connection  with  nitrogenous  manures  it  will  cause  a 


waste  of  the  nitrogen.  Where  used  in  connection 
with  nitrogenous  manures  it  should  be  first  applied 
and  be  thoroughly  incorporated  with  the  soil  and 
then  after  an  interval  of  ten  or  fifteen  days  the  nitro- 
genous manure  may  be  applied  without  risk  of  loss. 
It  may  be  applied  either  in  the  form  of  ground  lime- 
stone or  as  q\iick  lime — that  is,  lime  slacked  with 
water  after  being  burnt.  Our  experience,  and  ex-^ 
periments  made  at  the  Maryland  Station  confirm  this 
experience,  is  that  in  the  form  of  quick  lime  it  is  most 
effective.  We  always  applied  the  burnt  lime  by  put- 
ting it  out  on  the  land  in  small  heaps,  say  about  half 
a  bushel  at  a  place,  setting  these  heaps  on  the  jilowed 
land  near  enough  so  that  the  lime  when  slacked  could 
be  spread  with  a  shovel  so  as  to  cover  the  land  half 
way  to  the  heap  on  each  side  of  the  one  being  spread. 
These  small  heaps  we  then  slacked  with  half  a  bucket 
of  water,  and  after  the  heap  had  fallen  to  powder, 
which  takes  only  a  very  short  time,  proceeded  to 
spread  at  once,  and  then  lightly  harrowed  in.  In 
illustration  of  the  effect  which  lime  has  in  improving 
land  recent  experiment  made  by  Dr.  Hopkins,  of  the 
Illinois  Experiment  Station,  in  SoTithern  Illinois, 
are  most  instructive.  On  the  farm  of  a  Mr.  Hinkley 
in  that  section  of  the  State,  D'r.  Hopkins  found  tho 
land  to  be  so  acid  that  none  of  the  legumes  would 
grown  on  it.  J\fr.  Hinkley  applied  lime  in  various 
quantities  per  acre.  In  one  case  he  applied  ten  tons 
to  the  acre.  His  neighbors  questioned  his  state  of 
mind,  and  declared  that  nothing  could  grow  in  a  lime 
kiln.  But  things  did  grow,  and  are  now  growing 
where  this  heavy  application  was  made.  He  nojv 
grows  alfalfa  successfully  on  this  laiad,  and  when 
phosphoric  acid  is  also  applied  and  the  leguminous 
crop  is  followed  by  wheat  or  oats  profitable  crops  are 
raised  on  land  that  before  this  treatment  woiild  not 
grow  weeds.  Under  Ur.  Hopkins'  direction  a  num- 
ber of  other  farmers  in  this  same  section  of  Illinois 
have  applied  lime  to  their  lands  and  followed  this 
with  a  leguminous  ci-op,  either  cow  peas  or  clover,  and 
then  with  wheat  or  oats,  to  which  phosphate  was  ap- 
plied, and  have  made  excellent  grain  crops  where 
formerly  these  crops  were  practically  a  failure.  The 
foundation  of  this  success  is  the  lime  which  makes 
possible  the  growth  of  the  legume  and  then  the  phos- 
phate supplies  the  special  need  of  the  grain  crop  in 
the  way  of  mineral  food,  and  the  legume  the  nitrogen 
needed,  and  the  result  is  a  profitable  crop  and  im- 
proved land.  In  a  series  of  experiments  conducted 
in  Maryland  the  application  of  lime  in  three  different 
forms,  sulphate  of  lime  (plaster),  370  pounds  to  the 
acre;  quick  lime  (carbonate  of  lime)  2,000  pounds 
per  acre,  and  shell  marl,  8,000  pounds  per  acre,  on 


622 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAXTER. 


[October 


corn  and  wheat  on  a  well  drained  loam  soil  showed  all 
the  applications  to  be  quite  beneficial,  but  the  quick 
lime  produced  the  greatest  increase  in  yields.  At  the 
Rhode  Island  Experiment  Station  a  series  of  experi- 
ments conducted  for  a  period  of  four  years  in  the  use 
of  lime  in  connection  with  different  forms  of  phos- 
phatic  fertilizers  showed  very  decided  favorable  )'e- 
sults.  The  crops  grown  over  the  four  years  were 
'corn,  oats  and  hay.  In  18!)4  one  ton  of  lime  was 
applied  per  acre  to  half  the  land.  In  that  year  the 
yield  of  corn  on  the  cob  on  the  plot  on  which  no  form 
of  phosphate  was  applied,  but  which  had  been  limed, 
was  2,613  pounds  per  acre.  On  the  plot  which  had 
neither  lime  nor  phosphate  the  yield  was  1,893  per 
acre.  On  the  limed  plot,  to  which  dissolved  bone 
black  was  applied,  the  yield  was  4,510  pounds  of  corn 
on  the  cob  per  acre.  On  the  unlimed  plot,  to  which 
dissolved  bone  black  was  applied,  the  yield  was  3,6yS 
pounds  per  acre.  On  the  limed  plot,  to  which  acid 
phosphate  was  applied,  the  yield  was  3,953  pounds  of 
corn  per  acre.  On  the  unlimed  plot,  to  which  acid 
phosphate  was  applied,  the  yield  was  3,255  poimds 
per  acre.  For  the  years  1896  1899  inclusive,  the 
hay  crop  on  the  limed  plot,  to  which  dissolved  bone 
black  was  applied,  amoimted  to  19,837  pounds  per 
acre.  On  the  unlimed  plot,  to  which  bone  black  had 
been  applied,  the  yield  was  9,820  pounds  per  acre. 
On  the  limed  plot,  to  which  dissolved  bone  had  been 
applied,  the  yield  was  19,281  pounds.  On  the  un- 
limed plot  with  dissolved  bone  the  yield  was  8,564 
pounds  per  acre.  On  the  limed  plot,  to  which  acid 
phosphate  was  applied,  the  yield  was  20,205  pounds 
p"er  acre.  On  the  unlimed  plot  with  acid  phosphate 
the  yield  was  8,951  pounds  per  acre.  On  the  limed 
plot,  to  which  pure  ground  bone  meal  was  applied,  the 
yield  was  22,012  pounds  per  acre.  On  the  unlimed 
plot  with  bone  meal  the  yield  was  11,855  pounds  per 
acre.  On  the  limed  plot,  to  which  no  phosphoric  acid 
in  any  form  was  applied  the  yield  was  1 5;737  pounds 
per  acre.  On  the  unlimed  plot,  to  which  no  phos- 
phoric acid  was  applied,  the  yield  was  2,547  pounds 
per  acre.  Note  how  uniformly  an  increase  is  shown 
wherever  the  lime  was  applied.  We  invite  careful 
consideration  of  the  foregoing  facts.  We  are  satis- 
fied that  those  who  use  lime  will  realize  profit  from  it. 
Those  who  use  it  in  connection  with  acid  phosphate 
or  bone  racal  will  realize  still  further  profit.  As  a 
help  to  the  production  of  a  wlieat  crop  we  believe  it 
will  be  found  more  advantageous  than  doubling  the 
quantity  of  bone  meal  or  acid  phosphate,  besides  put- 
ting the  land  into  a  condition  for  growing  clover  or 
cow  peas,  which  no  other  application  can  compare 
witL 


IMPROVED  FARMING  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

1  want  your  immediate  advice  along  the  line  of 
crimson  clover.  I  am  t«ld  that  as  good  a  way  to 
catch  a  stand  as  any  is  to  sow  the  clover  right  among 
cow  pea  vines.  How  does  this  style  strike  you  ?  I 
have  some  forty  (40)  acres  sowed  broadcast  in  cow 
peas,  and  most  of  them  have  a  most  luxiiriant  gro\vth 
of  vines.  I  am  thinking  of  purchasing  the  clover 
seed  at  once  and  a  good  broadcast  seeder,  say  "Ga- 
boon's," and  seed  most  of  this  pea  vine  bed  to  crimsou 
clover.  The  land  is  in  some  places  very  sandy,  and 
the  whole  is  more  or  less  sandy;  just  the  right  char- 
acter for  bright  tobacco.  I  said  bright  tobacco,  but 
ain't  we  poor  fellows  catching  it  in  prices  'i  Tell  me, 
quick,  how  to  manage  as  to  the  clover  and  land,  would 
it  do  seeded  on  oat  stubble,  where  there  is  a  heavy 
growth  of  weeds  and  grass  ?  The  oats  were  no  good, 
say  half  a  crop.  I  intended  putting  this  to  peas,  but 
tobacco  prevented.  Would  it  do  as  well  sown  among 
the  weeds  and  grass,  or  would  you  advise  the  imme- 
diate fallowing  of  the  green  stuff,  and  then  sow  seed 
and  harrow  in  'i  All  I  am  after  is  the  certainty  of 
getting  a  stand  of  clover.  I  have  no  experience  with 
clover.  One  more  thing  to  ask,  and  please  tell  me  all 
you  can,  and  give  me  your  very  best  advice.  Most  of 
my  land  is,  as  already  stated,  very  sandy,  and  in  some 
places  rolling,  all  more  or  dess  subject  to  washes.  I 
notice  your  advice  about  using  lime.  I  think  that  is 
what  my  land  most  needs.  We  have  put  lots  of  ma- 
nures and  used  lots  of  fertilizer.  Tell  me  what  char- 
acter of  lime,  M'hen  to  use  it,  how  much,  and  if  broad- 
cast or  in  drill  ?  I  think  drill  better  for  my  land. 
Don't  you  think  so  ?  Would  lime  not  benefit  any  and 
all  crops  planted  in  sandy  lands?  T  am  twelve  (12) 
miles  from  depot,  and  the  draying  of  lime  would  be 
at  least  one-half  of  my  expense.  I  am  trying  stock 
raising,  so  as  to  keep  up  fertility  of  my  soil.  I  be- 
lieve, though,  that  cow  peas  will  beat  all  the  stock  in 
the  world  for  this  purpose,  and  to  this  end  I  am  ex- 
perimenting. Stock  require  too  much  feed  and  close 
attention,  and  eat  their  heads  off  each  winter.  Can- 
not you  tell  me  something  about  red  Polled  cattle? 
I  have  two  bulls,  one  a  red  Poll  and  the  other  an 
Angus.  The  Angus,  1  find,  is  a  strictly  beef  animal, 
and  my  object  will  be  to  sell  him  to  some  person  or 
otiier  who  wants  beef  stock.  I  like  the  calves  of  Red 
Polls,  and  what  I  want  to  know  is,  How  does  this 
lireed  compare  with  Jerseys  or  Holsteins  as  to  milk 
and  butter?  Do  they  give  about  the  same  as  Hol- 
steins, and  what  about  quality  ? 

The  foregoing  letter  received  from  a  North  Caro- 
lina farmer  deals  with  so  many  matters  of  importance 
to  farmers  all  over  the  South  that  we  have  piiblished 
it  in  full  as  the  text  for  an  article  dealing  with  the 
subject  of  improvement  of  land  and  live  stock  bus- 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


623 


bandrv.  These  two  subjects  lie  at  the  root  of  all 
successful  farming  in  the  South.  When  Southern 
farmers  realize  this,  as  our  correspondent  evidently 
does,  then  they  will  cease  to  be  "planters"  dependent 
for  a  living  on  being  able  to  sell  one  or  two  special 
crops  like  cotton  and  tobacco  at  profitable  prices,  and 
will  become  "farmers"  with  a  variety  of  products  for 
sale  all  through  the  year,  the  money  from  which  can 
be  largely  kept  at  home  and  yet  the  fertility  and  crop 
producing  capacity  of  their  land  be  increased  and  the 
special  sale  crops  like  cotton  and  tobacco  can  be  held 
until  scarcity  compels  the  manufacturer  to  give  a  fair 
price  for  them.  At  present  even  if  the  special  crops 
are  sold  for  good  jDrices  so  much  of  the  proceeds  are 
required  to  be  paid  out  for  fertilizers  that  little  is  lef  L 
wherewith  to  purchase  home  supplies  and  nothing  for 
luxuries.  In  becoming  "farmers"  and  not  "plant- 
ers," Southern  land  owners  will  make  their  supplies 
at  home  and  can  live  in  comfort  even  though  the 
"tobacco  trusts"  and  "cotton  trusts"  shall  become 
more  numerous  and  exacting.  Then  the  farmers  will 
be  able  to  dictate  the  price  of  tobacco  and  cotton,  and 
not  the  trust,  and  prosperity  and  contentment  will  be 
the  lot  of  our  country  people.  The  first  step  in  the 
way  to  this  end  is  production  of  leguminous  crops  like 
cow  peas,  crimson  clover  and  vetches  upon  the  farm. 
These  make  humus  in  the  soil  and  feed  in  the  barn. 
They  gather  fertility  from  the  atmosphere  and  fix  it 
in  the  soil.  They  make  possible  big  manure  heaps, 
and  these,  after  all,  are  the  true  Savings  banks  of  the 
farm.  To  secure  these  results  the  crops  must  be  suc- 
cessfully grown  and  fully  utilized.  This  is  the  sea- 
son of  the  year  when  the  work  of  growing  the  clover 
and  vetches  should  he  started,  and  here  at  the  very 
beginning  many  make  their  first  blunder.  Because 
they  are  told  that  legiiminous  croi^s  are  imi^roving 
crojjs  they  at  once  assume  that  they  will  grow  on  poor 
land  without  any  help.  This  is  not  so.  All  the 
legumes  are  large  consumers  of  phosphoric  acid  and 
potash  in  their  gi'owth.  Give  them  these  mineral 
fertilizers  and  they  will  then  secure  the  nitrogen, 
which  they  need,  and  more  than  they  need  from  the 
air.  In  return  for  a  supply  of  phosphoric  acid  and 
potash,  where  it  is  lacking  in  the  soil,  the  legumes 
will  fix  nitrogen  in  the  soil  and  make  a  heavy  crop  of 
vines  and  roots,  which  will  supply  humus  to  the  soil. 
Where  land  has  been  deeply  broken  and  well  culti- 
vated for  the  summer  crop  crimson  clover  and  the 
vetches  will  make  a  good  stand  without  replowing  the 
land.  The  surface  three  or  four  inches  should  be 
broken  with  a  disc  harrow  or  cultivator,  and  the  fer- 
tilizer and  seed  be  then  sowed  and  harrowed  in,  and 
if  the  land  is  dry  enough  be  rolled.     Our  correspon- 


dent asks  if  clover  seed  can  be  successfully  sowed  in 
a  growing  crop  of  cow  peas.  Whilst  we  have  known 
a  good  stand  of  clover  to  be  thus  secured  we  have 
known  many  a  stand  to  be  thus  lost.  Where  the  peas 
are  a  heavy  crop  it  is  a  very  risky  business  to  sow 
clover  in  them.  As  they  mature  they  will  fall  down 
and  smother  out  the  clover.  Better  mow  the  cow  peas 
and  make  them  into  hay,  and  then  break  the  pea  stub- 
ble with  a  disc  harrow  or  cultivator  and  sow  the  seed. 
To  seed  clover  or  any  other  crop  in  a  standing  crop 
of  weeds  as  suggested  by  our  correspondent  is  b.id 
farming.  Even  thoiigh  the  clover  should  make  a 
stand  it  must  of  necessity  be  a  weedy  crop,  and  there- 
fore an  undesirable  one.  Ciit  the  weeds  down  before 
they  seed,  break  the  land  and  then  seed  the  clover. 
Weeds  are  the  great  curse  of  most  land  in  the  South. 
They  exhaust  the  fertility  of  the  land  and  rob  it  of 
the  moisture  which  it  is  so  necessary  here  to  conserve. 
No  opportunity  should  be  missed  to  lessen  the  weed 
crop.  It  is  always  an  unprofitable  one.  The  utiliza- 
tion of  the  legjiminous  crops  is  a  matter  of  as  great 
moment  as  their  growth  in  the  economy  of  the  farm. 
Our  correspondent  suggests  that  simply  using  them 
as  the  medium  to  supply  nitrogen  and  vegetable  mat- 
ter to  the  soil  by  turning  them  do^^^l  is  more  profitable 
than  to  use  them  as  feed  for  stock.  In  this. we  are 
unable  to  agree  with  him.  To  turn  under  a  crop  so 
rich  in  the  element',  protein) absolutely  essential  to  the 
gTOwth  of  live  stock  is  wasting  money.  A  good  crop 
of  cow  peas  or  crimson  clover  or  vetches,  will  make 
two  tons  of  hay  to  the  acre,  worth  at  the  very  least 
$20  as  feed.  The  full  feed  value  of  the  crop  can  be 
taken  out  by  live  stock,  and  yet  nearly  the  full  ma- 
nurial  value  can  be  returned  to  the  land  by  the  careful 
saving  and  application  of  the  voidings  of  the  stock. 
We  grant  that  it  may  in  some  cases  be  wise  economy 
to  turn  down  a  crop  of  cow  peas,  clover,  or  vetches, 
but  only  where  land  is  so  absolutely  devoid  of  vege- 
table matter  (humiis)  as  to  be  almost  incapable  of 
making  a  crop.  In  every  other  case  the  feed  value 
of  the  crop  should  be  utilized  by  some  animal.  Our 
corresijondent's  remark  that  "cattle  eat  their  heads  off 
in  winter"  can  only  be  true  where  the  feed  is  given 
to  miserable  scrub  animals  not  worth  raising  or  feed- 
ing. Well  bred  animals  of  either  the  beef  or  milk 
or  butter  type  can  everwhere  be  fed  to  profit  either 
directly  or  indirectly.  Thoxisands  of  animals  are  fed 
some  years  in  England  where  the  profit  secured  is 
represented  solely  by  the  conversion  of  the  crops  of 
the  farm  into  mamu-e,  which  enhances  the  fertility 
of  the  land  and  makes  possible  the  production  of 
heavy  yields  of  grain  and  other  crops  without  the 
outlav  of  a  cent  in  fertilizers.     Surelv  here  is   a 


624 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


i  Octol-)er 


profit  worth  considering.  As  a  result  of  such  a 
utilization  of  crops  an  average  of  30  bushels  of  wheat 
to  the  acre  is  made  in  England  as  against  an  average 
of  12  bushels  to  the  acre  in  this  country.  What  is 
needed  here  is  a  better  tv^e  of  animals  into  which  to 
feed  the  crops.  With  such  stock  and  the  nearness  of  the 
great  markets  of  the  North  and  East  there  can  be  no 
doubt  but  that  live  stock  husbandry  can  be  made 
profitable  in  the  South,  and  every  crop  we  grow  be 
made  to  produce  a  heavier  yield  and  more  profit.  We 
believe  firmly  that  with  a  larger  growth  and  proper 
utilization  of  the  leguminous  and  forage  crops  which 
we  can  so  easily  grow  in  the  South,  that  one-half  of 
the  money  spent  in  commercial  fertilizers  each  year 
could  be  saved  and  yet  heavier  crops  be  produced. 
We  know  of  farms  in  the  South  where  not  a  dollar  a 
year  is  paid  out  for  commercial  fertilizers,  and  yet 
where  heavy  crops  are  being  made  and  a  good  pi-ofit 
being  realized  on  the  investment  in  the  farm  and 
stock.  These  farms  are  heavily  stocked  with  animals 
of  all  kinds,  and  crops  are  specially  ^own  to  be  fed 
to  them  in  addtion  to  the  roughage  from  the  small 
grain  and  corn  crops. 

With  reference  to  our  correspondent's  enquiry  as 
to  the  relative  merits  of  the  different  breeds  of  cattle 
mentioiied,  we  would  say  that  the  Angus  is  one  of  the 
best  types  of  beef  making  stock,  but  is  of  no  use  for 
the  dairy.  The  Red  Poll  is  in  our  opinion  the  finest 
dual  purpose  cow  in  the  world.  She  is  good  at  the 
pail  and  good  in  the  pen.  She  has  done  what  no 
other  breed  of  cows  has  ever  done,  taken  first  premium 
at  the  Fat  Stock  show  for  beef,  and  first  premium  at 
the  Dairy  Show  as  a  milk  and  butter  producer.  She 
is  the  true  general  farmer's  cow,  ready  to  make  either 
milk  or  beef  profitably.  Whilst  she  will  not  give  as 
much  milk  per  year  as  a  good  Holstein,  nor  as  much 
butter  per  year  as  a  good  Jersey,  she  will  give  as 
much  of  either  product  as  the  average  cow  of  these 
breeds,  and  will  make  beef  when  not  milking  quicker 
than  either  of  them,  and  the  beef  will  be  worth  much 
more  per  hundred  than  that  from  either  a  Holstein 
or  a  Jersey.  In  another  article  we  deal  with  the  sub- 
ject of  the  liming  of  land. 


HAIRY  VETCH. 

When  advising  the  seeding  of  this  crop  for  an  early 
spring  grazing  and  hay  crops  we  are  frequently  met 
with  the  objection  that  the  seed  is  very  costly,  and 
some  of  it  unreliable  ingermination.  This  is  no  doubt 
true  where  it  has  to  be  bought,  but  as  we  have  fre- 
quently pointed  out,  there  is  no  reason  whatever  why 
the  seed  should  have  to  be  bought.     We  can  grow  it 


here  as  -well  as  it  can  be  grown  in  Europe,  from 
whence  the  s\ipply  on  the  market  largely  comes.  We 
have  kno-mi  an  excellent  crop  of  the  seed  to  be  grown 
in  Chesterfield  coimty,  Va.  The  Department  of 
•Vgriculture  has  conducted  some  experiments  in  the 
production  of  the  seed  in  Maryland  and  Ohio,  with 
the  following  results : 

Great  difficulty  has  been  experienced  in  harvesting 
the  seed  when  grown  alone.  It  ripens  very  unevenly, 
and  if  left  until  most  of  the  seed  is  mature  it  becomes 
matted  on  the  ground  and  shells  and  moulds  badly. 
It  was  found  that  by  sowing  with  rye  a  sufiicient  sup- 
port was  furnished  to  keep  it  off  the  ground  and  allow 
it  to  be  cat  easily  with  a  mowing  machine.  Rye 
seems  best  adapted  as  a  supporting  crop  on  account  of 
the  time  of  ripening  and  the  stiff  straw. 

The  best  results  were  obtained  with  seeding  from 
one-half  to  three-fourths  bushels  of  vetch  and  one-half 
bushel  of  rye  to  the  acre,  sowing  from  the  middle  to 
the  last  of  September. 

The  crop  should  be  cut  about  the  time  the  last  pods 
are  formed  and  the  vines  are  getting  dry.  The  cut- 
ting is  done  with  an  ordinary  mowing  machine,  after 
which  the  vines  and  straw  should  be  put  in  piles  and 
allowed  to  dry.  The  threshing  can  be  done  with  an 
ordinary  grain  threshing  machine. 

.  The  four  acres  in  Ohio  yielded  13  bushels  of  vetch 
and  61  bushels  of  rye.  In  ]\[aryland  the  storms 
knocked  the  rye  down  so  it  did  not  fill  well,  but  the 
four  acres  yielded  IS  bushels  of  vetch  and  8  bushels 
of  rye.  Reports  from  ^Mississippi  show  a  yield  of 
from  5  to  7  bushels  per  acre  in  that  State. 

In  many  instances  hairy  vetch  has  been  sown  and 
proved  a  failure  under  ordinary  cultivation.  As  it 
is  adapted  to  a  considerable  variety  of  soils  and  a 
wide  area,  it  is  certain  that  the  failure  in  most  in- 
stances is  due  to  the  absence  of  the  organism  which 
produces  the  root  tubercles  and  has  the  property  of 
fixing  the  free  nitrogen  in  the  air,  making  it  available 
for  plant  food.  In  sowing  the  areas  referred  to  above 
the  greater  part  was  inoculated  with  the  nitrifying 
organism,  but  a  strip  was  left  in  each  case  on  which 
none  of  the  inoculating  material  was  used.  A  vigor- 
ous growth  of  hairy  vetch  was  obtained  on  the  inocu- 
lated plots,  while  on  the  uninoculated  plots  in  both 
cases  the  growth  was  very  scanty  and  the  gi'ound  al- 
most bare.  This  shows  the  ability  of  the  vetch  to 
make  a  very  satisfactory  growth  by  means  of  the  in- 
oculation on  ground  where  it  proves  an  entire  failure 
under  ordinary  cultivation. 

Unless  hairy  vetch  has  already  been  grow)i  success- 
fully on  a  piece  of  ground,  it  should  be  inoculated  to 
insure  success.     Inoculating  material  will  be  furnish- 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


625 


ed  by  and  all  inquiries  concerning  it  should  be  ad- 
dressed to  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D,  C. 

See  that  a  piece  of  land  is  seeded  with  vetch  and 
rye  during  this  month,  and  thus  make  certain  of  an 
ample  supply  of  seed  for  next  year.  It  will  grow  on 
poorer  land  than  crimson  clover  and  makes  an  excel- 
lent green  forage  crop  and  good  hay.  It  should  he 
grown  mixed  with  oats,  wheat  and  rye  to  make  the 
best  yield  of  feed. 


ANOTHER  EXPERIMENT  IN  CURING  COW  PEA  HAY 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Thinking  that  making  posts,  digging  holes  for 
them,  nailing  on  cross  pieces,  placing  the  hay  in  be- 
tween, etc.,  was  a  tedious,  slow,  and  expensive  pro- 
cess in  curing  pea  hay.  I  am  trying  this  plan.  I 
put  an  ordinary  fence  rail  on  four  small  forks,  four 
and  a  half  feet  long,  the  two  pairs  of  forks  leaning  a 
little  toward  each  other,  suspending  a  rail  on  each 
side  by  two  wires  over  the  rail  sustained  by  the  forks 
and  resting  against  the  forks  about  midway,  then 
placing  three  tobacco  sticks  on  each  side,  leaning  them 
against  the  forks. 

On  this  frame  work  I  build  a  rick  of  the  pea  vines, 
not  having  the  vines  more  than  two  or  two  and  a  half 
feet  thick  anywhere ;  the  rick  being  eight  or  nine  feet 
high  will  contain  six  or  eight  shocks.  The  ricks  have 
had  a  severe  test  of  rain  intermittently  for  two  days 
and  a  night.  The  hay  is  cool  and  drying  out.  That 
in  shocks  is  hot  and  beginning  to  rot. 

I  belie\'e  I  have  found  the  way  to  cure  pea  vines, 
but  I  cannot  yet  cry  Eureka,  because  the  hay  is  not 
yet  fully  cxired,  but  I  write  at  once  as  some  one  else 
may  wish  to  try  this  experiment  before  the  season  is 
over. 

Brace  the  framework  with  an  extra  fork  while  you 
are  building  on  it,  after  the  rick  is  partly  made  re- 
move the  fork,  and  the  rick  will  be  firm  and  steady. 
Have  the  sides  and  ends  of  rick  steep.  I  will  let  m\ 
ricks  stand  until  hay  can  be  safely  housed. 

Charlotte  Co.,  Va.  H.  C.  Rice. 


NOTES  ON  THE  SEPTEMBER  ISSUE. 

CHEAT CASSAV.V LEGUMINOUS  CROPS HOLLOW 

HORN HOLLOW   TAIL. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

You  have  quite  a  symposium  on  the  cheat  question, 
and  there  is  hardly  any  need  for  more  on  the  subject. 
If  ilr.  Roberts,  of  Washington  county,  will  sow  clean 


oats  on  land  where  there  are  no  cheat  seeds  he  will 
never  have  cheat  in  winter  oats.  The  great  difficulty 
is  that  farmers  fail  to  recognize  the  cheat  seeds  in  the 
oats,  for  they  look  exactly  like  shrivelled  oats  grains. 
If  they  are  all  blown  out,  and  only  heavy  and  plump 
oats  sown,  no  cheat  will  grow  unless  the  soil  is  already 
infested  with  it.  Then  it  takes  the  freezing  of  winter 
that  kills  oats  at  times,  to  germinate  the  hardy  cheat 
seeds,  and  when  oats  are  sown  in  spring  all  the  cheat 
that  has  germinated  is  killed  by  the  plowing,  and  the 
result  is  clean  oats.  But  these  clean  oats  put  back  in 
the  fall  on  land  infested  with  cheat  Avill  soon  be  found 
full  of  cheat,  not  because  the  oats  turned  to  cheat,  but 
because  the  cheat  seed  were  there,  and  had  the  proper 
conditions  for  their  growth.  Whatsoever  a  man  sow- 
eth  that  also  shall  he  reap  is  as  true  of  cheat  as  of  any 
other  plant.  Sow  cheat  seed  and  you  will  get  cheat, 
never  oats.  Sow  only  oats  in  perfectly  clean  land 
and  you  will  have  oats,  and  never  cheat.  T  have 
grown  winter  oats  here,  and  had  them  killed  do^\^^, 
but  never  a  cheat  plant  put  in  an  appearance,  for  the 
soil  has  no  cheat  seed  in  it,  and  only  perfectly  clean 
oats  are  sown.  But  all  around  the  oats  turn  to  cheat, 
because  the  cheat  seed  is  there. 

Cassava. — I  have  grown  cassava  here  with  success 
from  cuttings  planted  in  the  early  spring,  and  have 
made  delicious  puddings  from  the  grated  roots.  We 
can,  on  the  sandy  soils  in  the  eastern  part  of  this 
State  (iSTorth  Carolina),  grow  cassava  with  perfect 
success.  Even  on  the  clay  soil  here  I  made  an  aver- 
age of  half  a  pound  of  starch  per  root.  The  chief 
difficulty  is  in  keeping  the  cuttings  over  winter.  They 
keep  fairly  well  buried  in  sand  in  a  warm  cellar.  The 
plant  is  well  worth  growing  as  an  ornamental  plant. 
Its  leaves  resemble  the  castor  bean,  as  it  belongs  to 
the  same  family,  but  the  plant  is  decidedly  more 
handsome  than  the  castor  beau,  being  more  dense  in 
gro\rth,  and  the  leaf  stalks  being  red,  form  a  contrast 
to  the  green  leaves.  For  the  centre  of  a  sub-tropical 
flower  bed  the  cassava  is  a  very  pretty  object. 

Hollow  Horn  and  Hollow  Tail. — You  have  struck 
another  old  superstition  like  the  cheat,  and  I  expect 
that  you  will  be  getting  letters  from  people  who  know 
that  cattle  have  these  so-called  diseases.  Did  any 
one  ever  find  a  cow  horn  that  was  not  hollow  or  a  cow 
that  does  not  have  a  soft,  boneless  place  in  her  tail  ? 
Cattle  ticks  and  hollow  stomach  are  generally  the 
cause  of  the  sickness. 

Legume  Forage. — You  are  right  in  what  you  say 
to  Mr.  French.  The  great  advantage  we  have  in  the 
feeding  of  beef  cattle  in  the  South  is  the  great  abund- 
ance of  protein  feeds  that  we  can  grow.  Grass  pas- 
tures are  good,  of  course,  but  the  South  does  not  need 


626 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAXTER 


r  October 


grass  as  much  as  she  does  legumes,  and  we  can  grow 
most  of  these  to  greater  perfection  than  the  Northern 
farmers  can.  Cow  peas,  soy  beans,  velvet  beans 
vetch,  crimson  clover,  alfalfa,  all  furnish  the  costly 
protein  and  all  can  be  grown  in  the  South  better  than 
elsewliere.  With  plenty  of  legume  hay  we  need  grass 
only  as  permanent  pasture,  and  in  the  Bermuda  grass 
we  have  the  finest  of  summer  pastures  in  the  country, 
and  can  afford  to  let  the  meadow  grasses  go  while  we 
produce  better  hay  from  plants  that  improve  the  soil 
they  grow  on.  W.  F.  Masset, 

Editor  of  Practical  Farmer. 


CLOVER  SEEDING. 


Editor  Southern  Planter: 

There  has  been  much  complaint  in  recent  years  in 
our  section  of  failure  in  securing  a  stand  of  clover. 
This  year,  however,  the  farmers  have  been  more  suc- 
cessful. Most  of  the  failures  were  due  to  drouths 
generally  in  April  and  ^lay,  and  sometimes  in  July 
and  August.  We  can  escape  some  of  these  if  proper 
methods  in  seeding  are  practiced. 

It  is  our  rule  here  to  sow  with  wheat,  and  when 
that  plant  is  making  its  greatest  demand  on  the  soil 
for  moisture,  it  does  not  take  much  of  a  dry  spell  in 
May  to  kill  the  young  clover  plant,  if  it  was  sown  late. 
I  rarely  fail  to  get  a  stand  in  wheat.  My  practice  is 
to  watch  for  an  opportunity  in  February,  when  the 
ground  is  nicely  cracked  by  freezing  and  the  surface 
is  dry.  T  regard  February  loth  as  the  best  time,  so 
that  the  elements  will  bury  all  the  seed  before  there 
is  warmth  enough  to  sprout  it.  Nature  will  then 
bring  it  up  at  the  proper  time  and  early.  It  then 
gets  well  rooted  before  spring  drouth  sets  in,  then, 
unless  the  drouth  is  very  severe,  it  will  pass  through 
it  unharmed.  By  this  method  of  seeding  I  save  much 
labor  in  covering  it,  as  has  to  be  done  by  those  who 
sow  late.  I  have  never  lost  any  young  clover  bv 
freezing,  though  I  have  had  wheat  cut  do-rni  in  March 
when  six  inches  high  by  a  severe  freeze. 

This  sjjring  there  was  no  favorable  time  for  seed- 
ing in  February  until  the  last  day,  when  the  seeder 
was  brought  out  and  32  acres  was  sown.  This  field 
produced  800  bushels  of  wheat  and  one  of  the  finest 
stands  of  clover  I  have  ever  had.  Have  just  finished 
mowing  over  the  stubble  and  cutting  down  the  rag 
weed,  and  will  gather  some  clover  seed  on  parts  of  the 
field. 

Tlie  saving  of  labor  in  preparing  the  land  but  once 
and  saving  one  year's  time  will  prevent  people  taking 
your  advice  about  sowing  clover  alone.  1  have  prac- 
ticed sowing  clover  alone  in  small  patches  for  years, 
and  I  have  never  failed  to  get  a  stand.  This  year  some 
seeded  that  way  was  cut  for  hay  August  1st.  it  being 
IS  inches  high.     If  my  neighbor  and  friend,  T.  S. 


White,  had  stepped  over  this  way  he  would  have  seen 
your  opinion  reinforced  by  my  experience. 

In  this  connection  may  I  say  to  those  who  imagine 
that  other  plants  "turn  to  chess,"  if  they  will  ob-. 
serve  closely  in  their  fall  seeding  they  will  see  the 
little  chess  plant  coming  up  readv  to  overtop  most 
other  crops  iu  the  spring.  I  sowed  last  fall  two  and 
a  half  acres  of  corn  stiibble  land  in  orchard  grass  and 
clover.  I  saw  the  chess  up  in  it  in  a  few  weeks,  and 
when  I  cut  the  hay  this  spring  it  was  nearly  all  chess. 
I  cut  it  again  August  1st,  and  it  was  all  orchard  grass 
and  clover.  It  now  stands  8  inches  high,  nice  and 
clean.  T.  M.  Wade. 

Rockbridge  Co.,  Ya. 

Whilst  early  seeding  of  the  clo-\-er  seed  on  the  wheat 
crop  will  materially  help  to  secure  a  stand,  yet  our 
experience  and  observation  has  been  that  more  of  such 
stands  are  killed  by  the  hot  weather  and  a  drouth  after 
the  cutting  of  the  wheat  than  by  spring  drouths.  The 
sudden  exposure  of  the  tender  shaded  clover  plants 
to  the  full  glare  of  the  hot  sun  is  most  trying  to  them, 
and  if  followed  by  a  dry  period  almost  certainly  fatal 
and  especially  so  when  the  rag  weed  is  allowed  to  grow 
and  not  mowed  off.  It  sucks  out  the  last  vestige  of 
moisture  and  the  clover  dies. — Er>. 


GOOD  YIELDS  OF  WHEAT. 

Threshing  has  been  in  progress  on  the  Fort  Hays 
Branch  Experiment  Station,  Kansas,  and  some  of  the 
yields  are  very  gratifying.  There  has  been  grown 
there  this  year  220  varieties  of  small  grain,  105  be-  I 
ing  fall  wheat.  The  seed  grains  of  these  were  fur- 
nished by  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Introduction  of  the 
Departmejit  of  Agriculture,  and  were  known  to  be 
promising.  The  surplus  seed  from  these  varieties  is 
being  sold  to  wheat  growers  all  over  the  wstern  part 
of  the  State,  so  that  the  benefit  of  the  station  will  be 
felt  immediately.  ! 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  varieties  and  yields 
that  are  considerably  above  the  average : 

Kansas,  No.  4,  Kliarkov.  a  Russian  winter  wheat 
(bearded).  40.00  bushels  per  acre. 

Kansas,  No.  5,  Beloglina,  a  Russian  winter  wheat 
(bearded),  32.24  bushels  per  acre.  i 

Kansas,  No.   6,   TTlta,    a  Russian    winter-   wheat  ' 
(bearded),  36.3.5  bushels  per  acre.  • 

Kansas,  No.  7,  Crimean,  a  Russian  winter  wheat  i 
(bearded),  40.61  bushels  per  acre.  1 

Kansas,  No.  8,  Chirka,  a  Russian  winter  wheat 
(bald),  36.67  bushels  per  acre.  •> 

Kansas,  No.  3,  imported  Turkey  (bearded),  35.82 
bushels  per  acre. 

Kansas,  No.  33,  Kharkov  (bearded),  35.28  bushels 
per  acre. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER 


627 


Kansas,  JSTo.  35,  Crimean  importation  (bearded), 
36.94  bushels  per  acre. 

Kansas,  No.  37,  Theiss  (bearded),  40.97  bushels 
per  acre. 
Fort  Hays  Branch  Experiment  Station,  Hays,  Kan. 

These  varieties  ought  to  be  tested  in  the  Sonth. 
Possibly  seed  may  be  had  for  this  purpose  from  the 
Department  of  Agriculture. — Ed. 


ENQUIRERS'  COLUMN. 


Enquiries  should  be  sent  to  the  office  of  The  Southern  Plan- 
ter'^ichmouA,  Va.,  not  later  than  the  15th  of  the  month  for 
replies  to  appear  in  the  next  month's  issue. 


Japan  Clover. 

Please  state  in  your  next  issue  if  "Japan  clover" 
planted  in  the  fall  (and  what  time)  will  do  as  well 
as  if  sown  in  the  spring  ?  Also,  if  sown  in  the  moun- 
tains where  a  good  deal  of  shade  exists  will  it  grow 
and  make  good  grazing  if  thrown  broadcast  over  the 
leaves  ?  A  Subsceibee. 

Albemarle  county,  Ya. 

Japan  clover  should  be  sown  in  Spring.  All 
through  Piedmont,  Middle  and  Southern  Vir- 
ginia Japan  clover  is  found  growing  under 
the  shade  of  trees  where  not  too  dense.  It  makes 
good  grazing  sown  broadcast.  There  are  hundreds 
of  acres  of  it  growing  all  through  the  South,  where 
never  a  seed  has  been  sown  by  man.  Birds,  animals 
and  floods  have  carried  the  seeds  and  started  the 
growth,  and  then  it  has  spread  uncared  for  and  un- 
tended. — Ed. 


Hairy  Vetch,  Winter  Vetch. 

Which  is  best  adapted  to  this  section,  English 
Winter  Vetch  or  Hairy  Winter  Vetch  ?  Will  either 
do  well  sown  after  cow  peas,  and  what  time  to  sow? 
The  soil  is  gray.  H.  T.  Kiekman. 

Guilford  Co.,  N.  C. 

Either  will  grow  well  in  your  section.  The  Hairy 
Vetch  should  be  sown  in  September  whilst  the  Eng- 
lish Winter  Vetch  may  be  sown  into  November,  biit 
is  better  got  in  October.  They  will  grow  after  cow 
peas.  Sow  either  wheat  or  oats  or  a  mixture  of  the 
two,  which  is  better,  with  the  Vetches.  Half  a  bushel 
of  the  grain  to  the  acre,  with  25  pounds  of  Hairy 
Vetch  or  1  bushel  of  English  Vetch. — Ed. 


Lame  Horse. 

I  have  a  mare  about  12  years  old,  which  has  been 
lame  in  one  of  her  fore  feet  for  nearly  eight  months, 
probably  caused  by  being  overstrained.     First    she 


became  enlarged  at  the  fetlock  joints,  also  a  soft, 
puffy  swelling  similar  to  wind  galls,  but  cannot  be 
rubbed  away.  At  the  same  time  she  seemed  to  have 
pain  in  her  shoulder,  which,  at  times,  becomes  so  se- 
vere that  she  can  hardly  walk.  There  also  seems  to 
be  a  wasting  away  of  muscle  on  her  shoulder  blade, 
generally  called  sweeney.  I  have  tried  different 
remedies  without  yet  having  effected  a  cure. 

Simon  Zieknitzee. 
Lunenhurg  Co.,  Va. 

This  is  one  of  those  cases  of  sprain  resulting  in 
shoulder  lameness,  Avhich  are  so  common  and  yet  so 
invariably  difficult  of  treatment.  The  most  success- 
ful remedy  which  can  be  used  is  rest.  This  may  be 
supplemented  by  rubbing  the  joints  and  shoulder 
with  belladonna  or  camphor  liniment,  and  possibly 
blistering  may  be  found  of  service. — Ed. 


Texas  Fever  Ticks. 

Please  give  information  how  to  rid  farms  of  ticks 
which  you  say  cause  fever  in  cattle. 

Albemarle  Co.,  Va.  J.  H.  Griffith. 

Texas  fever  ticks  can  be  gotten  rid  of  from  every 
farm  in  Virginia  if  only  farmers  would  make  the 
necessary  effort.  What  is  needed  is  to  keep  cattle, 
horses  and  mules  oft'  a  pasture  for  part  of  the  year. 
This  pasture  will  then  be  free  from  ticks,  and  will  re- 
main free  if  no  cattle  infested  with  ticks  are  turned 
on  to  it.  Northern  cattle  may  then  be  put  into  it  with 
certainty  that  they  will  not  have  the  fever.  Before 
any  Southern  cattle  are  turned  into  it  they  must  be 
perfectly  cleaned  of  all  ticks.  The  best  method  of 
doing  this  is  to  use  a  mixture  of  one  part  kerosene  oil 
to  three  parts  of  cotton  seed  oil.  This  should  be 
rubbed  on  the  cattle  all  over.  Two  or  three  greas- 
ings at  intervals  of  a  week  or  ten  days  apart  will  do 
the  work  effectually.  The  cattle  should  then  be 
kept  only  on  the  cleaned  pasture,  and  another  jDasture 
should  be  cleaned  in  the  same  way,  until  all  the  farm 
is  clear  of  this  Southern  pest,  which  has  cost  the 
South  millions  of  dollars.  The  State  of  Virginia 
can  get  rid  of  it  and  keep  rid  of  it  if  the  farmers  so 
decide,  and  it  will  be  worth  thousands  of  dollars  to 
them  every  year.     See  article  in  this  issue. — Ed. 


Inoculating  Cattle  for  Texas  Fever. 

Will  you  have  Mr.  C.  A.  Williams,  of  Halifax 
county,  N.  C,  tell  us  how  he  inoculates  his  cattle, 
and  what  he  uses  to  make  his  cattle  tick  proof  ? 

Lonoke  Co.,  Ark.  H.  J.  I.,ewi3. 

Cattle  are  inoculated  against  Texas  fever  by  draw- 
ing blood  from  a  cow  infected  with  the  Texas  fever 
germs,  and  after  the  same  has  been  defibrinated  in- 
jecting the  liquid  into  the  body  of  the  animal  to  be 


628 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


[October 


rendered  immune.  The  operation  requires  a  special 
inoculating  outfit,  consisting  of  a  lancet,  injection 
svringe,  and  measuring  glass,  so  as  to  seciire  the 
proper  quantity  of  fluid.  Tt  is  usually  done  by  a 
veterinarian,  but  there  is  no  reason  why  a  farmer 
should  not  learn  to  do  it  for  himself.  He  could  read- 
ily do  so  by  seeing  the  operation  performed  at  some 
Experiment  Station.  It  is  regularly  done  at  most 
of  the  Southern  Stations.  The  important  point  is 
to  be  certain  that  the  animal  from  which  the  blood  is 
taken  is  infected  with  the  germs  of  the  disease.  She 
must  have  had  the  disease.- — En. 


Grafting. 

In  your  next  issue  of  the  Pi-.vvticr  I  would  thank 
you  to  give  me  directions  for  grafting  fruit  trees. 

Southampton  Co.,  Va.  J.  L.  Camp. 

When  the  season  for  grafting  is  nearer  at  hand  we 
will  publish  an  article  on  this  subject.  At  present 
all  that  can  be  done  is  to  cut  the  scions  as  the  wood 
becomes  mature  and  to  pack  them  away  in  a  cool 
cellar,  but  where  frost  will  not  hurt  them,  in  damp 
powdered  moss  or  peat  soil.  These  scions  may  be 
cut  at  any  time  during  the  late  fall  months  or  even  in 
early  spring.  They  should  be  carefully  labelled  with 
the  name  when  cut,  so  that  no  mistake  may  be  made 
when  inserting  the  graft. — Ed. 


Tall  Meadow  Oat  Grass. 

I  have  been  a  reader  of  your  meritorious  publica- 
tion for  several  years,  and  have  noticed  that  when 
giving  a  list  of  grass  seeds,  whicli  yon  recommend 
for  sowing,  you  almost  invariably  include  tall  meadow 
oat  grass,  though  I  have  not  noticed  an  article  on  its 
merits  since  I  have  been  one  of  your  readers.  I  have 
been  sowing  this  grass  since  1899,  and  find  it  worthy 
of  more  notice,  and  compared  witli  orchard  grass 
for  hay,  T  would  give  the  oat  grass  the  preference,  as 
it  does  not  get  hard  and  woody  when  allowed  to  get 
ripe  like  orchard  grass  does.  I  would  like  to  know 
how  the  seed  is  gathered,  as  the  price  of  seed  goes  up 
from  year  to  year,  and  is  now  nearly  double  what  it 
was  in  1S08.  It  falls  from  the  plant  as  it  ripens, 
and  if  gathered  a  little  green  is  likely  to  spoil,  and  is 
hard  to  cure.  I  have  tried  stripping  by  hand,  which 
is  slow.  Hope  you  can  give  some  information  on 
the-  subject,  as  at  present  price  of  seed  it  would  be 
very  profitable  to  save  it,  and  it  may  interest  many 
of  your  readers.  J.  H.  Tuompson. 

Jefferson  Co.,  W.  Va. 

Whilst  we  have  not  written  any  special  article  on 
the  merits  of  tall  meadow  oat  gi-ass,  we  have  shown 
our  appreciation  of  its  value  by  constantly  recom- 
mending it  to  be  sown.     We  know  it  to  be  one  of  the 


most  valuable  hay  grasses  that  can  be  sown,  and  it 
also  makes  an  excellent  addition  to  a  pasture  mix- 
ture. We  believe  that  the  seed  is  principally  grown 
in  the  Middle  States,  and  is,  we  presume,  harvested 
in  the  same  way  as  orchard  grass.  The  machine  is 
set  to  cut  only  the  seed  stalks  of  the  grass,  and  the 
bottom  is  afterwards  cut  for  hay.  Dr.  Phares,  one 
of  the  best  authorities  on  grasses,  admits  that  the  seed 
is  rather  difiicult  to  save,  as  it  begins  to  ripen  ia  six 
to  ten  days  after  l)looming,  and  the  top  seeds  ripen 
first,  and  at  once  begin  to  drop.  He  advises  that  as 
soon  as  the  top  seeds  ripen  sufficiently  to  drop  the 
whole  seed  stalk  be  cut  off  and  dried,  when  the  seeds 
will  all  thresh  out  and  be  matured.  Probably  the 
Division  of  AgTostology  of  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture, Washington,  may  be  able  to  give  you  further 
information  on  the  subject. — Ed. 


Fall  and  Winter  Plowing. 

We  have  some  light  land  that  had  wheat  on  it  the 
past  year,  and  we  expect  to  put  it  in  corn  and  pota- 
toes next  spring.  Would  it  be  of  any  advantage  to 
plow  this  land  in  the  fall?  We  also  have  some  stiff 
u])land  that  we  expect  to  put  in  pens  and  beans.  This 
land  has  been  plowed  rather  shallow  heretofore;  we 
hope  to  plow  it  deeper  this  time.  Should  we  plow 
it  now  or  wait  until  spring  ?  Subsciiiber. 

Charles  Co.,  Md. 

We  advise  the  plowing  of  all  land  in  the  fall  and 
winter.  It  can  then,  with  safety,  be  plowed  deep,- 
and  thus  the  depth  of  soil  be  increased.  The  new 
soil  turned  up  will  be  acted  upon  by  the  air  and  sun, 
and  its  plant  food  be  made  available.  It  is  well 
when  the  plowing  is  done  in  the  fall  to  seed  with 
some  winter  cover  crop  like  rye,  winter  oats  or  wheat, 
with  crimson  clover  or  vetches.  This  will  conserve 
and  add  to  the  fertility.  Eall  and  winter  plowing 
gTeatly  lessens  the  pressure  of  work  in  spring  and 
land  can  often  be  plowed  then,  which  could  not  be 
touched  until  too  late  in  the  spring  for  the  best  re- 
sults in  the  crop. — En. 


Smut  on  Corn— Grass  for  Name. 

1 .  What  causes  smut  on  corn  1 

2.  Will  the  smut  hurt  horses,  cattle,  slieep  or  bogs 
to  eat  it  ? 

•3.  Enclosed  find  sample  grass  head  that  grows 
about  hero.  Tell  me  the  name  and  value  of  it,  and 
can  I  secure  it  at  the  seed  store  ? 

Catawba  Co.,  N.  C.  A.  C.  Edwards. 

Smut  is  caused  by  a  fungus  known  by  the  name  of 
Ustilago  zeae.  Tt  is  a  fungus  of  a  simple  nature,  and 
entirely  distinct  from  the  smuts  of  wheat,  barley  or 
oats.     It  is  not  like  these,  conveyed  on  the  seed  from 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


629 


one  crop  to  another,  but  is  usually  conveyed  to  the 
field  and  thence  spreads  to  the  en  i  !•  •  ;.nure  from 
the  barn  yard  or  in  rich  soil,  which  i  :■  ■■  >  n  infected 
with  smut  spores  from  smutted  ears  or  »;i;iks  thrown 
down  on  the  gTound.  The  spores  are  carrieJ  in  the 
air,  and  these  sources  of  infection  grow  quickly  on 
touching  a  moist,  tender  place  on  the  ear  or  stalk. 
The  only  way  to  prevent  infection  or  check  it  is  to 
carefully  destroy  with  fire  or  bury  deeply  or  scald 
with  boiling  water  everv  piece  of  smutted  corn  or 
stalk. 

2.  Smut  is  not  injurious  to  animals,  indeed  it  has 
been  found  to  be  nutritious  for  cattle. 

3.  The  grass  sent  is  Panicum  proliferum,  a  weedy 
annual  grass  of  no  particular  value  as  forage.  You 
could  not  buv  the  seed  of  seedsmen. — Ed. 


Feed  for  Young  Pigs. 

In  the  absence  of  milk,  what  feed  do  you  consider 
best  for  young  pigs  seven  or  eight  weeks  old  ?  Would 
you  advise  blood  meal  to  produce  high  class  pigs — 
prize  winners  ?  Subsgribeb. 

Dinwiddie  Co.,  Va. 

Ship  stuff  with  a  little  fine  bran  mixed  with  it  and 
a  teaspoonful  of  blood  meal  added  to  each  feed  mixed 
in  water  or  kitchen  slops.  A  spoonful  of  fine  bone 
meal  added  to  the  food  once  a  week  will  also  be  found 
beneficial.  Let  the  pigs  also  have  some  green  food, 
clover  or  vetches,  and  some  wood  ashes  to  eat  when 
they  desire.  These  will  help  to  keep  their  digestive 
organs  and  bowels  right.  We  have  had  some  good 
reports  as  to  the  use  of  blood  meal  for  both  pigs  and 
calves. — Ed. 


Protecting  Peas  and  Beans  from  Weevil. 

I  have  some  peas  and  soja  beans  that  I  failed  to 
sow  this  season  and  wish  to  carry  over  for  next 
spring's  seeding.  Is  there  any  wav  I  can  treat  them 
to  prevent  bugs  eating  them  ?  If  so,  please  give 
remedy  through  the  columns  of  your  paper. 

Pittsylvania  Co.,  Va.  Earmei;. 

Place  the  jieas  and  beans  in  a  tight  bin  or  barrel 
with  a  close  fitting  lid.  Prociire  a  can  of  bisulphide 
of  carbon  from  a  drug  store  and  fill  a  saucer  with  the 
liquid  and  jjlace  it  on  the  top  of  the  seed  and  close 
the  lid.  Leave  for  24  hours,  when  the  vapor  from 
the  drug  will  have  sunk  down  through  the  seed  and 
have  killed  every  living  thing  in  it.  This  should  be 
repeated  two  or  three  times  during  the  winter  and 
spring,  as  the  eggs  of  insects  will  hatch  at  intervals 
through  this  time.  Be  careful  to  keep  all  lights  away 
from  the  carbon,  as  it  is  very  explosive.  The  smell 
of  the  drug  will  pass  off  from  the  seed  in  a  short 
time  after  exposure  to  the  air,  and  it  has  no  dele- 


terior  effect  on  grain  of  any  kind.  It  is  equally  ef- 
fective in  destroying  animal  life  of  all  kinds,  there- 
fore do  not  inhale  more  of  the  vapor  than  can  be 
helped. — Ed. 


Cheese  IVIaking— Sick  Hog. 

1.  Please  inform  me  whether  cheese  can  be  manu- 
factured on  a  small  scale — that  is  to  say,  on  a  farm 
where  about  ten  cows  are  kept.  If  so,  what  equip- 
ments are  necessary  ?  What  knowledge  is  required 
to  be  able  to  operate  a  cheese  factory  with  success; 
and  can  such  knowledge  be  obtained  in  our  agricul- 
tural institutions?  If  so,  what  time  is  required  to 
gain  such  knowledge  ? 

2.  I  also  desire  to  know  something  regarding  my 
hogs,  with  which  I  have  some  misfortune.  I  bought 
a  pair  of  Berkshire  pigs  from  one  of  your  adver- 
tisers. They  were  very  fine  ones,  but  one  had  a 
severe  cough,  which  I  treated  in  different  ways,  but 
with  no  success,  the  one  affected  being  a  sow.  When 
she  had  pigs,  which  were  very  fine,  I  noticed  that 
some  of  the  pigs  were  also  affected.  I  tried  giving 
spirits  of  turpentine  in  food,  but  with  no  effect. 
One  died.  We  cut  it  open  and  found  that  the  pig 
was  all  swelled  inside,  having  lumps  on  the  lungs. 
I  would  like  to  know  the  disease,  and  what  would  be 
the  best  cure.  George  Sedivt. 

Dinwiddie  Co.,  Va. 

1.  Yes ;  cheese  can  be  made  on  a  small  scale  on  the 
farm.  It  was  formerly  all  made  in  this  way,  but  the 
cheese  factory  has  now  largely  supplanted  the  small 
home  industry.  A  better  quality  of  cheese  is  made 
when  larger  quantities  are  handled  and  larger  cheeses 
made.  We  believe  there  is  a  good  opening  for  cheese 
factories  in  the  South,  as  there  is  a  considerable  con- 
sumption of  cheese,  and  it  is  all  brought  from  the 
North.  There  was  a  factory  operated  in  Orange 
county,  Va.,  some  years  ago,  and  a  good  quality  of 
cheese  was  made,  for  which  a  market  was  readily 
found,  but  it  was  destroyed  by  fire,  and  the  business 
not  resumed.  The  equipment  required  is  not  very 
costly  either  for  home  or  factory  work,  and  can  be 
had  from  dairy  utensil  makers  in  the  North.  We 
would  not  advise  the  starting  of  home  making,  as  the 
difficulty  of  finding  a  market  for  the  small  cheeses 
would  be  great.  If  the  owners  of  50  cows  would  com- 
bine together  and  start  a  small  factory  we  believe  it 
would  be  a  profitable  investment.  A  course  in 
cheese  making  would  require  to  be  taken  at  some 
Northern  or  Northwestern  Agricultural  College,  or 
a  skilled  cheese  maker  from  one  of  these  institutions 
would  have  to  be  engaged.  There  are  several  books 
published  on  cheese  making,  from  which  much  could 
be  learned,  but  a  three  months'  course  in  a  practical 
school  would  be  best.     Wisconsin  Agricultural  Col- 


630 


THE  SOUTHEKX  PLAXTER. 


[Octolwr 


lege  Avould  be  the  best  place  to  go  to  for  this  purpose 
as  thev  make  the  best  cheese  in  that  State. 

2.  The  hog  probably  suffered  from  chronic  bron 
chitis,  which  was  transmitted  to  the  pig  which  died 
and  then  developed  into  lung  disease.  Nitrate  of 
potash  in  drachm  doses  given  two  or  three  times  a 
week  will  often  relieve  this  troiible.  It  is  usually 
caused  by  exposure  to  cold  drafts  or  from  sleeping  in 
dustv  beds. — En. 


Plowing  Down  Peas. 

I  planted  peas  in  row  in  oat  stubble  as  a  prepara- 
tion for  cotton.  They  have  fallen  do^^■n  so  they  can- 
not be  saved  for  hay,  and  there  is  about  a  half  stand 
of  volunteer  oats.  Would  it  be  l>etter  to  plow  down 
this  f aH  or  leave  the  oats  for  a  winter  cover  ?  If  the 
pea  vines  are  left  on  top  till  spring  will  their  nitrogen 
get  into  the  soil  or  escape  into  the  air.  R. 

Lincoln  Co.,  N.  C. 

The  best  course  to  pursue  in  order  to  secure  all  the 
fertilizing  value  of  the  peas  is  to  plow  them  down 
now  and  sow  rye,  wheat  or  winter  oats  on  the  land  to 
conserve  this  fertility.  If  crimson  clover  or  vetches 
were  also  sown  with  the  grain  this  would  not  only 
conserve,  but  add  to  the  fertility.  If  allowed  to  lie 
on  the  land  all  winter  some  of  the  nitrogen  will  be 
lost. — Ed. 


Calves  Dying. 

Yesterday  (September  14th')  I  visited  my  son,  who 
is  managing  the  farm  and  taking  care  of  mansion 
formerly  occupied  by  the  late  ilr.  Calvin  Jeffers.  in 
Nottoway  county,  Va.  Hi?  milch  cows  have  lieen 
ninning,  for  several  months,  on  a  field  of  from, 
thirty  to  forty  acres,  on  part  of  which  was  wheat  and 
the  rest  a  very  poor  crop  of  oats  this  year.  The  oats 
were  not  worth  cutting,  and  but  few  were  cut.  Three 
of  the  cows  have  a  calf  each  with  them.  These 
calves  have  been  confined  through  the  day  in  the  en- 
clostire  in  which  the  houi=e  stands,  and  at  night  turn- 
ed with  the  cows,  with  which  they  remain  till  morn- 
ing, in  a  yard  adjoining,  in  which  there  is  nothing 
growing  b'.it  very  short  grass.  In  the  enclosure  in 
which  the  calves  have  stayed  through  the  day  are  a 
large  variety  of  ornamental  trees  and  shrubs,  which 
they  could  eat  of  at  will — for  instance,  spruce  pine, 
oleander  bush,  cedars  and  a  box  hedge  on  each  side 
of  driveway.  On  Sunday  morning  one  of  the  three 
calves  was  noticed  with  its  head  turned  abruptly 
round,  grinding  its  teeth,  frothing  at  mouth,  bellow 
ing,  staggering,  falling,  jumping  up,  and  in  thirty 
mintites  from  being  first  seized  died.  It  was  four 
months'  old,  in  good  condition,  and  always  appeared 
perfectly  healthy  until  this  took  place.  Yesterday 
morning  a  second  one  died  exactly  in  the  same  way 


about  the  same  time  of  morning  an.d  died  after  suf- 
fering about  the  same  time.  It  was  about  two 
months  old.  In  skinning  them  there  was  noticed  an 
abnormal  quantity  of  nearly  black  blood  about  head 
and  neck.  What  can  be  the  cause?  I  have  been 
breeding  cattle  for  half  a  centtiry,  but  have  never 
met  with  a  case  like  this.  Ai.fred  St.\bi.es. 

Lunenburg  Co.,  Va. 

We  have  very  little  doubt  but  that  the  calves  died 
from  poisoning  from  having  eaten  some  of  the  orria- 
mentJil  shrubs  in  the  yard.  We  believe  that  it  is 
generally  recognized  that  the  oleander  is  poisonous 
to  stock,  and  most  of  the  ornamental  evergreens  are 
so.  We  have  known  many  cattle  to  be  poisoned  by 
yew,  laurestinus  and  laurel,  and  we  believe  also  from 
box. — Ed. 


Fertilizers  for  Tobacco^  Tomatoes  and  Wheat. 

Please  give  me  the  names  of  all  ingredients  to 
make  fertilizer  of  the  best  kind  for  growing  tobacco 
on  poor  land,  and  also  the  name  of  the  best  seed  to 
sow  for  marketing  purposes;  and  also  the  best  kind 
of  tomato  to  sow  for  canning,  and  what  kind  of  fer- 
tilizer to  use  for  them  to  make  the  best  yield.  Is 
there  much  profit  on  such  crops  ?  Also  give  me  the 
name  of  the  best  fertilizers  for  growing  wheat,  as  I 
made  a  failure  on  my  crops. 

NorfhuinherJand  Co..  Ya.  T.  L.  AsnBt"Bx. 

If  the  writer  of  this  enquiry  will  rtad  The 
Planter  carefully  he  will  find  the  question  of  the 
best  fertilizer  to  use  for  these  particular  crops  fully 
disctissed  previotis  to  the  time  for  planting  the  same 
each  year.  We  do  not  undertake  to  recommend  any 
imrtir-ular  make  or  brand  of  fertilizer,  but  tell  what 
the  particular  crop  calls  for.  and  in  what  form  this 
can  be  purchased.  We  have  in  the  past  two  or  three 
issue?  disctissed  the  fertilizer  required  to  grow  wheat. 
Phosphoric  acid  is  the  element  most  needed,  and 
this  can  be  supplied  by  acid  phosphate  or  hr>ne  meal, 
or  preferably  by  a  mixture  of  the  two.  Probably 
what  the  writer  most  needs  is  humus  in  his  soil,  and 
thi?  he  can  get  by  solving  crimson  clover  and  vetches 
now. — En. 


Canada  Peas — Crops  for  Hog  Pastures— Rape. 

1.  AYIiat  time  should  C'anada  field  peas  be  planted 
here  in  Georgia  ? 

2.  Do  they  make  as  good  hay  a?  the  comm<^n  cow 
peas? 

•1.  Wliat  time  in  the  spring  shotild  they  be  cut  for 
hay  ?  I  want  to  plant  a  succession  of  crops  for  hog 
pasture  for  winter  and  fall  grazing.  Expect  to  have 
about  one  htmdred  head  of  hogs  and  pigs. 

■i.  What  crops  do  you  think  would  be  best  for  me 
to  plant  ? 


lyoa.J 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEE. 


631 


5.  When  should  rape  be  planted  ? 

Thomas  Co.,  Ga.  W.  L.  Jenkins. 

1.  Canada  peas' should  be  sowed  in  Georgia  in 
December  or  January.  Sow  at  the  rate  of  1^  bushels 
to  the  acre  and  cover  4  or  5  inches  either  by  plowing 
them  down  or  by  drilling  them,  and  then  sow  half  a 
bushel  of  winter  oats  or  wheat  and  harrow. 

2.  They  make  good  hay  when  grown  in  this  mix- 
tiire,  and  also  good  grazing  for  hogs. 

3.  They  should  be  cut  or  grazed  before  the  warm 
weather  sets  in  or  they  will  be  killed  by  mildew. 
The}'  are  a  cold  climate  crop. 

4.  The  best  crops  to  sow  for  fall  and  winter  graz- 
ing for  hogs  are  cow  peas,  sorghum,  corn,  rape  and 
artichokes. 

5.  Rape  is  a  cold  climate  crop,  and  should  be  sowni 
in  Georgia  in  August  or  September  for  fall,  winter 
and  spring  grazing  or  in  Febriiary  for  spring  grazing. 
Artichokes  should  be  planted  in  March  or  April  for 
the  hogs  in  winter.  They  will  root  them  out  except 
when  the  land  is  hard  frozen. — Ed. 


Hair  on  Horse's  Tail. 

Can  you  give  me  any  remedy  for  thickening  a 
horse's  tail.  I  have  a  very  handsome  horse,  but  his 
tail  is  very  thin.  Any  information  along  this  line 
will  be  greatly  appreciated.  G.  P. 

Marion  Co.,  S.  C. 

We  know  of  nothing  better  to  make  hair  grow  on 
an  animal  than  to  keep  the  bare  or  thin  spot  well 
greased  with  vaseline.  Grooms  in  England,  when 
we  were  a  boy,  used  to  mix  gunpowder  with  grease 
and  apply  it  to  make  hair  grow.  Whether  this  use 
of  gunpowder  added  anything  to  the  value  of  the 
grease  we  doubt. — Ep. 


IS  often  found  not  to  be  the  best.  This  is  largely 
caused  by  the  nature  and  chemical  constituent  of  the 
soils  on  which  the  crops  are  grown,  and  the  availa- 
bility of  the  plant  food  in  the  .soil.  On  most  South- 
ern soils  the  controlling  element  in  heavy  vields  of 
the  cereal  and  leguminous  crops  is  usually  found  to 
be  phosphoric  acid.  For  vegetables  and  tobacco  the 
controlling  elements,  potash  and  nitrogen.  The  only 
true  way  in  which  to  answer  this  question  is  to  ask 
it  of  the  soil.  Test  the  different  crops  on  soil  of  a 
like  character  with  different  combinations  of  fer- 
tilizing elements  and  with  each  element  separately, 
and  the  answer  given  will  be  reliable  for  that  soil. — 
Ed. 


Transplanting  Trees. 

Will  yon  please  publish  in  your  next  issue  the  best 
time  for  transplanting  trees,  such  as  "white  oak," 
etc.,  and  how  large  could  they  be  transplanted  so  as 
to  live  ?  Subscriber. 

Sussex  Co.,  Va. 

All  trees  except  evergreen  trees  can  be  successfully 
transplanted  in  the  late  fall  or  early  spring.  Ever- 
green trees  should  be  transplanted  in  the  late  spring. 
It  is  never  wise  to  endeavor  to  transplant  large  trees, 
as  even  if  they  live  they  never  make  good  growth 
afterwards.  We  have  seen  trees  from  6  to  9  inches 
in  diameter  in  the  trunk  transplanted,  but  whilst 
many  of  them  lived  they  did  no  more  than  live  for 
many  years.  Smaller  trees,  say  half  the  size,  would 
have  made  better  trees  in  a  few  years'  time. — Ed. 


Fertilizer  Requirement  of  Crops. 

A  subscriber  askes  us  to  give  in  a  general  way  the 
special  requirements  of  different  crops  in  the  way  of 
fertilizers : 

Crops  may  be  devided  into  the  following  groups, 
with  their  requirements : 

Group  A. — Wheat,  barley,  rye,  oats,  timothy.  Re- 
quire, first,  nitrogen ;  next,  phosphoric  acid ;  last, 
potash. 

Group  B. — Corn,  cotton.  Require,  -first,  phos 
phoric  acid ;  next,  potash ;  last,  nitrogen. 

Group  C. — Peas,  beans,  clover,  hay.  Require, 
first,  potash ;  next,  phosphoric  acid ;  last,  nitrogen. 

The  foregoing  may  be  taken  as  the  theoretical  re- 
quirement of  the  crops  deduced  from  analysis  of  their 
constituents.     In  practice,  this  theoretic  requirement 


Hog  Husbandry  in  the  South. 

1.  I  have  a  fine  field  of  corn — worked  out  clean 
and  level  f  though  land  is  hilly),  and  have  seeded  rye 
( thin)  and  German  clover  on  part  of  it.  On  balance 
I  sowed  wheat  and  oats  thinly  and  German  clover, 
and  at  one  end  I  sowed  about  an  acre  or  more  of 
alfalfa  (to  stand  if  successful)  twenty  pounds  of 
seed.  I  sowed  black  peas  thinly  over  the  whole 
piece,  to  afford  shade  during  the  fall  after  the  corn 
is  cut,  and  I  thought  they  would  improve  the  land, 
too.  My  oliject  is  to  graze  with  pigs  this  winter 
(wrong  for  alfalfa,  is  it  not?).  Then  I  want  to  use 
the  pigs  on  it  so  that  I  can  get  best  results  as  to  feed 
during  the  spring.  Will  I  be  able  to  let  the  grains 
mature  and  graze  them  off  with  hogs  and  then  have 
time  to  sow  a  crop  of  peas  ^  This  is  heavy  land,  and 
cannot  be  plowed  except  we  have  rain  at  that  season, 
and  there  is  a  risk  in  that.  Will  the  grain  waste  if 
kept  for  hogs.  I  suppose  they  should  be  put  on  it 
when  in  the  milk  state.  I  would  thank  you  for  in- 
formation along  this  line.  My  land  is  good,  and 
produces  fine  crops.     I  want  to  get  best  results  possi- 


632 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[October 


ble  from  it.  Then  will  it  pay  to  risk  a  season  fur 
plowing  and  wait  for  the  small  grain,  or  turn  under 
a  green  fallow  in  May  and  plant  peas  in  drills?  I 
have  liad  no  experience  in  feeding  hogs  on  crops  of 
small  grain.  They  do  well  in  the  stubble  some  years 
as  long  as  it  lasts. 

2.  I  have  nearly  finished  fallowing  a  nine  acre 
lot  of  good,  heavy  land,  about  half  of  it  was  in  wheat 
this  year,  after  peas  last  year,  the  other  half  was  in 
clover  cut  off  this  year;  not  a  thick  stand.  Now,  I 
want  to  use  this  field  to  best  advantage  in  feeding 
hogs  next  season.  Then  shall  I  ?ow  wheat  and  oats 
mixed  (and  rye,  too  0  and  German  clover  or  vetch? 
Is  there  anything  better  for  fall  feeding  than  peas 
with  a  sprinkling  of  corn  grown  all  through  it  ?  Or 
will  there  be  more  profit  in  growing  wheat  on  this 
land  or  oats,  to  be  threshed  and  feed  the  grain  either 
whole  or  ground  ?  The  land  will  bring  fine  crops  of 
either,  if  fertilized  with  Charleston  phosphate  (and 
the  oats  do  not  winter  kill,  and  not  likely  if  drilled 
in  early  enough).  Best  results  for  hogs  is  what  T 
want  to  reach. 

3.  I  want  to  grow  one  hundred  or  more  fine  hogs 
annually,  and  how  to'use  my  land  to  produce  the  best 
results  for  these  or  a  greater  niimber  if  I  can  feed 
them  is  what  I  want  to  do,  and  1  will  appreciate  an 
outline  for  the  yearly  course  of  breeding,  care  of  pigs, 
homes  and  yards,  arranged  to  feed  well,  shelter  well, 
and  save  manure  to  be  easily  accessible  with  manure 
spreader,  and  crops  and  quantity  of  land  required  to 
obtain  greatest  results  at  least  cost.  I  think  you 
gave  an  article  nearly  a  year  ago  from  Breeder's  Ga- 
zette or  some  other  paper  on  this  subject,  but  I  cannot 
find  it.  It  would  be  timely  reading  again.  It  was 
about  a  hog  farm,  where,  I  think,  they  raised  about 
200  hogs.  I  will  thank  you  to  refer  me  to  it  if  you 
can  cross  it,  and  give  what  other  information  you  can. 

4.  My  corn  grows  very  tall,  stalks  ranging  12  to 
15  feet,  and  often  more,  and  very  large.  It  would 
make  magnificent  ensilage,  but  I  have  but  few  cattle 
to  feed,  and  I  need  the  grain  for  team  and  hogs.  I 
would  like  very  much  to  grow  as  fine  ears  as  I  do  on 
stalks  just  half  as  high.  Is  there  any  variety  of 
corn  that  grows  big  ears  on  low  stalks  ?  Is  there  any 
way  of  saving  the  corn  and  ensilaging  the  stalk  ? 
Dry  fodder  corn  as  large  as  mine  represents  immense 
labor  to  secure  feed,  only  a  very  small  part  of  which 
is  eaten,  and  which  is  considered  least  valuable  for 
lack  of  protein.  My  fodder  is  in  my  way,  though  I 
cut  it  up.  C.  N.  Stacy. 

Amelia  Co.,  Va. 

1.  The  seedings  of  rye,  wheat  and  oats  and  Ger- 
man clover  and  black  peas  will  make  good  grazing 
for  your  hogs  in  the  fall  and  spring.  The  alfalfa 
should  not  be  grazed.  It  will  not  be  wise  to  let  the 
crops  stand  until  the  grain  matures,  but  turn  the  hogs 
on  when  in  the  milk  state  or  a  little  earlier,  and  the 


greater  i)art  of  the  crop  will  then  be  eaten.  If  al- 
lowed to  mature  the  grain  the  straw  will  not  be 
eaten.  As  soon  as  the  crop  is  fairly  eaten  down  then 
plow  down  the  residue  and  sow  the  peas. 

2.  We  would  sow  this  field  with  the  mixed  small 
grain  and  German  clover  and  vetch,  say  10  pounds 
clover,  10  pounds  vetch  and  half  a  bushel  of  mixed 
grain,  and  one  or  two  pounds  of  rape  seed  to  the 
acre.  This  sliould  give  you  good  winter  and  spring 
grazing,  and  then  follow  with  cow  peas  and  corn  or 
sorghum  for  late  summer  and  fall  feeding.  We 
think  you  will  get  more  feed  and  better  results  in  the 
hogs  in  this  way  than  to  sow  in  wheat  or  oats  and 
thresh  and  feed  the  grain. 

3.  The  article  referred  to  was  published  in  the 
issue  of  December,  1902,  page  698.  It  described 
a  successful  Illinois  hog  farm.  Eighty  acres  were 
divided  into  four  fields  of  20  acres  each,  with  a  shed 
located  in  the  centre  so  as  to  be  accessible  from  all 
the  fields.  The  crops  grown  were  oats  seeded  with 
clover,  clover  pasture,  soy  beans  and  artichokes  and 
corn.  The  oats  were  seeded  after  corn  and  sown  with 
clover.  Soy  beans  one  part  and  artichokes  on  other 
part  folloAV  the  clo'\'er,  and  these  were  followed  by 
corn.  Here  we  can  improve  on  this  rotation  by  using 
cow  peas  in  the  place  of  the  clover,  and  crimson 
clover  and  vetches  with  oats,  wheat  and  rye  for  winter 
and  sjjring  grazing  in  the  place  of  the  oats  and  red 
clover.  Sorghum  and  corn  can  be  planted  in  the 
])lace  of  the  corn  alone,  and  thus  give  better  early  fall 
feeding.  The  artichokes  should  be  grown  here,  as 
they  make  the  best  of  winter  feed,  which  the  hogs  har- 
vest for  themselves.  Rape  also  may  be  grown  here 
for  fall,  winter  and  spring  grazing.  Sow  in  August 
and  September  for  fall  and  winter  gi-azing,  and  in 
March  for  spring  grazing. 

4.  There  is  no  way  to  prevent  corn  growing  tall 
on  good  land  in  the  South.  Even  if  yoii  get  a  dwarf 
Northern  variety,  it  will  in  a  couple  of  years  shoot 
up  until  as  tall  as  our  Southern  varieties.  Our  long 
gi'owing  season  causes  this.  You  can  save  the  corn 
and  make  ensilage  of  the  stalks  and  fodder  if  yoii  will 
])ull  the  cox'n  as  soon  as  it  is  glazed  and  dented,  and 
then  cut  the  stalks  and  run  them  through  a  cutter,  or 
better,  a  shredder  into  the  silo  and  wet  them  well 
with  water  as  they  are  packed  in  the  silo.  Whilst 
not  so  good  as  silage  made  from  corn  grown  specially 
for  the  silo  and  cut  green,  yet  this  fodder  corn  silage 
makes  fair  feed  for  stock  if  some  grain  be  fed  with 
it.— Ed. 


When  corresponding  with  advertisers,  kindly  men- 
tion the  Southern  Planter. 


1903.] 


THE  SOITTHEKN  PLANTEE. 


63S 


Trucking,  Garden  and  Orchard. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH. 

The  gathering,  storing  and  shipping  of  the  apple 
crop  will  almost  bring  to  a  close  the  harvesting  of  the 
products  of  the  garden  and  orchard  for  another  year. 
It  is  lamentable  to  see  M-ith  what  a  want  of  care  this 
gathering  and  disposal  of  the  apple  crop  is  too  often 
done  in  the  South.  Instead  of  carefully  picking  the 
fruit  from  the  trees,  the  apples  are  too  often  shaken 
off  or  knocked  off  with  poles,  and  thus  so  bruised  and 
injured  as  to  make  them  incapable  of  being  kept  for 
more  than  a  very  short  time,  and  absolutely  unfits 
them  for  shipping  to  market.  Then  when  picked  up 
from  the  ground  they  are,  if  intended  to  be  sold, 
dumped  into  dirty  barrels  or  boxes,  or  even  into 
slatted  crates  or  barrels  and  covered  only  with  a 
piece  of  sacking,  and  thus  shipped.l^o  care  is  taken 
to  keep  varieties  separate  or  to  cull  out  bruised  and 
diseased  specimens.  When  they  reach  the  market 
the  commission  merchant  is  at  a  loss  what  to  do  with 
them.  "NTo  one  wants  such  fruit,  and  the  result  is 
that  the  grower  receives  little  or  nothing  for  them. 
The  fruit  should  be  carefully  picked  and  the  sorts  be 
kept  separate,  and  all  undersized,  bruised  and  diseased 
fruit  be  kept  at  home  and  the  large,  good  fruit,  not 
needed  for  home  use,  be  put  into  good,  clean  barrels 
and  tightly  packed  and  a  good  head  be  put  on  the 
barrel  and  pressed  down  so  as  to  prevent  shaking  and 
bruising.  Shipped  in  this  way  all  fruit  will  find  a 
buyer  and  at  a  fair  price.  There  is  a  demand  for 
apples  in  nearly  every  little  town,  and  a  large  demand 
in  every  large  city.  Where  only  a  few  barrels  are 
grown  more  than  needed  it  will  often  pay  to  carry 
them  to  the  nearest  town  put  up  in  boxes  holdinff  a 
bushel  each  and  neatly  packed.  Tn  large  cities  there 
is  also  a  demand  for  these  small  packages  of  fruit, 
and  a  much  better  average  price  could  be  made  if 
this  demand  was  catered  to.  There  are  thousands  of 
people  who  can  buy  a  bushel  of  apples  who  do  not 
want  a  barrel.  This  neglect  of  the  small  home  buyer 
is  responsible  for  much  loss  on  the  products  of  the 
orchard  and  garden  all  over  the  country.  The  large 
commercial  grower  has  not  time  to  attend  to  this 
trade.  He  picks,  packs  and  ships  his  fruit  in  the 
best  manner  possible,  and  then  puts  it  on  the  whole- 
sale markets  of  this  coimtry  and  Europe,  and  gets  its 
full  value.  The  small  grower  too  often  gets  nothing 
or  ne.xt  to  nothing  for  his,  but  this  is  largely  his  own 
fault.  We  would  urge  attention  to  this  subject. 
There  is  m.oney  in  it.     Do  not  neglect  to  store  away 


a  good  supply  of  apples  for  home  consumption.  These 
keep  best  stored  in  a  cool,  dry  room  or  cellar  in 
slatted  l)ins,  not  holding  more  than  two  or  three  bush- 
els each,  and  these  should  be  looked  over  every  few 
weeks  and  the  spotted  fruit  be  picked  out  and  used 
first.  In  thif  way  a  supply  may  be  kept  until  the 
spring. 


The  late  and  second  crop  of  Irish  potatoes  should 
be  dug  as  soon  as  they  become  matured.  The  sooner 
they  are  dug  after  this  period  and  the  better  they  will 
keep  when  stored.  Do  not  let  them  lay  out  in  the 
sun  after  they  are  dug  longer  than  necesary  to  dry 
them  so  that  the  soil  will  leave  them  clean.  Sort  as 
gathered,  and  store  as  directed  on  another  page  of 
this  issue. 


In  this  issue  will  be  found  advice  as  to  digging  and 
storing  sweet  potatoes. 

Carrots,  parsnips  and  salsify  will  keep  safely  in 
the  ground  where  grown,  unless  the  winter  be  a  very 
severe  one.  To  guard  against  loss  from  this,  a  part 
of  the  crop  should  be  pulled  and  be  stored  in  sand  in 
a  cool,  frost  proof  cellar.  Beets  should  be  stored  ih 
the  same  way.  Turnips  will  keep  in  piles  out  of 
doors  protected  with  straw.  These  latter  will,  how- 
ever, yet  grow  much  larger;  indeed,  they  will  make 
more  weight  in  November  than,  during  any  other 
period  of  their  growth.  Do  not,  therefore,  "^disturb 
them  until  severe  frost  is  passed. 

Cabbage  and  lettuce  seed  may  be  sowed  for  plants 
to  set  out  in  early  spring.  Make  the  seed  beds  in  a 
situation  where  they  can  be  protected  easily  from 
severe  weather  in  the  winter  by  being  covered  with 
mats,  leaves  or  straw. 


Cabbage?  for  the  early  crop  may  be  set  out  at  the 
end  of  the  month.  They  should  be  got  into  the  fields 
just  soon  enough  to  get  hold  of  the  land  with  their 
roots  before  severe  weather  sets  in,  but  not  soon 
enough  to  make  growth  or  they  will  be  very  apt  to  be 
killed  by  frost,  as  the  young  gi-owth  is  tender.  Lay 
the  rows  out  East  and  West  and  set  the  plants  on  the 
South  sides  of  the  rows,  so  that  they  will  be  somewhat 
shielded  from  the  coldest  winds  and  weather.  Have 
the  land  deeply  broken  and  finely  prepared,  and  do 
not  spare  the  manure  or  fertilizer.     Cabbages  are 


634 


THE  SOUTHERAT  PLANTEE. 


"Ociolter 


gross  feeders.  Give  plenty  of  phosphoric  acid  and 
potash  now.  and  give  the  nitrogen  in  the  spring  when 
the  plants  start  growing.  From  300  to  500  pounds 
of  acid  phosphate  and  from  100  to  150  pounds  of 
muriate  of  potash  should  be  applied  per  acre. 


.altogether  there  is  every  prospect  of  a  good  demand 
for  -Ymerican  and  Canadian  apples,  as  there  is  prac- 
tically nothing  else  to  come  against  them  this  sea- 
son."— Farmer's  Advocate,  Canada. 


Celery  should  be  earthed  up  a  little  as  it  grows  to 
prevent  the  plants  from  spreading  out  on  the  ground, 
but  it  is  too  early  yet  to  earth  it  up  to  blanch  it  unless 
it  has  made  good  growth  and  is  wanted  for  an  early 
market.  In  putting  earth  to  the  plant  hold  the  stalks 
together  with  one  hand  and  pull  the  earth  around  with 
the  other.  This  keeps  the  soil  out  of  the  heart  of  the 
plants.  If  allowed  to  get  there  the  plants  will  canker 
and  the  stalks  be  spoiled. 


In  dry,  warm,  light  land  strawberry  plants  may  be 
set  out  this  month.  If  the  land  is  in  good  fertility 
and  fine  order  and  care  be  taken  in  setting  out  the 
plants,  and  the  plants  be  fine,  strong  ones,  they  will 
continue  to  grow  almost  as  though  they  had  not  been 
moved,  and  will  give  a  small  crop  next  year.  Land 
that  has  grown  an  Irish  potato  crop  and  been  made 
rich  for  that  purpose  and  been  kept  clean  and  worked 
makes  an  ideal  place  for  this  fall  planted  strawberry 
crop. 


Land  may  commence  to  be  got  ready  for  the  plant- 
ing of  orchard  trees,  but  it  is  too  early  yet  to  set  them 
out.  Let  the  land  be  well  and  deeply  plowed  and  be 
set  out  in  such  a  way  as  that  the  rows  of  fruit  trees 
can  be  kept  in  straight  lines  and  at  uniform  distances 
and  so  as  to  utilize  the  space  to  the  fullest  advantage. 


Clean  up  and  burn  all  trash,  leaves,  prunings, 
weeds  and  waste  in  the  garden,  orchard  and  vineyard, 
and  thus  destroy  all  insect  and  fungous  pests.  Plow 
and  seed  all  land  not  carrying  any  other  crop  in  crim- 
son clover,  vetches,  wheat,  oats  and  rye.  This  will 
conscn-e  fertility  and  make  humus  when  turned  down 
in  spring. 


THE  SCARCITY  OF  FRUIT  IN  EUROPE. 

Additional  evidence  of  the  scarcity  of  fruit  in 
Europe  is  furnished  by  a  recent  letter  from  Thomas 
Rus.scll,  fruit  broker,  Glasgow,  to  Mr.  W.  A.  Mac- 
Kinnon, Chief  of  the  Fruit  Division,  Ottawa.  Mr. 
Russell  writes:  "The  apple  croji  in  England,  Ireland 
and  Scotland  is  a  very  poor  one,  while  on  the  conti- 
nent there  is  also  a  very  light  crop.  Pears  and 
plums  are  also  scarce  in  England.  So  far  as  Glas- 
gow is  concerned,  we  shall  have  to  depend  entirely  on 
supplies  of  apples  from  America  and  Canada,  and 


NOTICE  TO  APPLE  GROWERS. 

Piichmond,  Va.,  Sept.  -21,  ltH)3. ' 
Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Dear  Sir, — As  previo\isly  brought  to  yoiir  notice, 
upon  the  active  co-operation  of  the  fruit  gi-owers  nf 
the  State  must  depend  the  success  or  failure,  to  a 
arge  extent,  of  Virginia 'sfriiit  exhibit  at  the  St.  Louis 
World's  Fair,  so  I  hope  each  individual  grower  will 
do  all  that  he  can  to  make  this  exhibit  a  success.  It 
will  be  necessary  to  obtain  at  least  fifty  barrels  of 
apples  from  each  of  the  leading  apple  counties  of  the 
State  to  enable  a  continuous  exhibit  to  be  made  in  a 
creditable  manner  during  the  entire  period  of  the 
Exposition,  and  if  each  gi-ower  will  contribute  a 
barrel  or  so  of  ai3]des,  each  one  will  get  equal  indi- 
vidual advertisement  and  the  burden  will  wA  bear 
heavily  upon  any.  Please  give  me  your  active  sup- 
port nt  once,  and  follow  instructions  carefully,  as  I 
am  already  receiving  apples  that  through  improper 
selection  and  handling  are  valueless  for  exjiosition 
purposes. 

DIRECTIONS. 

Apples  should  be  carefully  picked  with  the  stem 
left  on,  must  be  free  from  defacement  by  worms, 
black  ends,  scab,  cloud  or  other  skin  diseases,  should 
be  of  normal  shape  and  well  colored.  Great  care 
should  be  exercised  in  handling  to  prevent  bruising, 
and  to  this  end  apples,  pears,  etc.,  should  be  picked 
direct  from  the  tree  and  each  individual  apple  wrap- 
ped in  paper,  for  which  purpose  newspaper  or  oi'di- 
nary  wrapping  paper  will  answer.  Pack  in  boxes  or 
barrels,  whichever  may  be  most  convenient,  but  in 
any  case  use  plenty  of  packing  and  ■wrapping  ma- 
terial, as  n  less  quantity  well  cared  for  is  more  de- 
sired than  a  large  quantity  in  bad  condition.  Size 
must  be  sr>condary  to  the  perfect  condition  of  the 
fruit,  as  it  matters  not  how  large  if  the  specimen  has 
a  black  end.  is  scabby  or  bruised,  it  cannot  be  ex- 
hibited. 

Pears,  quinces  and  nuts,  both  wild  and  cultivated, 
are  also  desired. 

Ship  to  George  E.  Murrell,  Supt.,  care  Tho  Mer- 
chants Cold  Storage  Co.,  Richmond,  Va.,  by  express. 
Yours  very  truly, 

Geokge  E.  Mttrkeli.. 

We  invite  the  attention  of  apple  growers  to  the 
above  communication,  and  would  earnestly  urge  that 
each  individual  grower  should  make  it  a  matter  of 
personal  care  and  a  point  of  honor  in  the  interest  of 
the  State  to  select  a  barrel  of  his  best  fruit  and  ship 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


635 


it  to  Mr.  Miirrell.  If  this  is  done,  Virginia  can 
make  an  exhibit  of  apples  which  will  be  the  means  of 
bringing  thousands  of  dollars  into  the  State  each 
year. — Ed. 


THE  VIRGINIA  STATE  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

I  promised  to  send  you  particulars  of  arrange- 
ments for  special  railroad  and  hotel  rates  for  the 
annual  meeting  of  the  Virginia  State  Horticultural 
Society,  at  Pulaski,  on  December  2d  and  3d,  but  fear 
I  cannot  do  so  until  your  next  issue,  as  I  am  still  in 
correspondence  with  the  railroads  on  the  subject.  We 
have  met  with  most  gratifying  success  from  firms  we 
have  applied  to  to  help  lis  by  offering  premiums  for 
the  exhibits  of  fruits,  vegetables,  flowers  and  seeds. 
Several  of  our  Virginia  firms  interested  in  supplying 
horticultural  implements  having  shown  their  desire 
to  encourage  a  fine  exhibit  by  most  liberal  offers, 
among  those  who  have  done  so  are  The  Implement 
Co.,  Richmond,  Va.,  a  double  hand  press  cider  mill 
or  an  improved  chilled  plow ;  Hening  &  Nuckles, 
Richmond,  Va.,  No.  .5  one  horse,  swing  handle  Farm- 
er's Friend  plow;  Watkins  &  Cottrell  Co.,  of  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  set  of  tools  for  pruning  trees;  W.  T. 
Hood  &  Co.,  Old  Dominion  Nurseries,  Richmond. 
Va.,  200  apple,  100  peach,  and  $10  worth  either 
fruit  or  ornamentals  selected  from  catalogue ;  John 
A.  Young.  Greensboro,  N.  C,  50  winter  apple  trees. 
for  the  best  seedling  winter  apple ;  Sydnor  Pump  and 
Well  Co.,  Richmond,  Va.,  bucket  spray  pump  (Fig. 
689  of  their  catalogue)  ;  T.  W.  Wood  &  Sons,  Rich- 
mond, $2.50  worth  of  garden  seeds  for  the  best  ex- 
hibit of  vegetables;  Field  Force  Pump  Co.,  of  El- 
mira,  N.  Y.,  one  "Empire  King"  spray  pump,  mount- 
ed on  .50  gallon  barrel,  and  fitted  with  extension  rod, 
hose  and  nozzles — "to  the  farmer  fruit  grower  who 
makes  the  best  exhibit  of  winter  apples  gathered  from 
sprayed  trees";  Sjn-amotor  Co.,  London,  Ont.,  Can- 
ada, any  outfit  the  Society  may  select  from  catalogue, 
price  of  which  does  not  exceed  $15.  Party  receiving- 
same  may  exchange  for  any  pump  which  is  more 
elaborate  by  paying  difference  in  cost.  We  have 
further  offers  of  premiums  which  are  not  yet  confirm- 
ed. The  Society  proposes  to  devote  a  session  to  dis- 
cussion of  the  subject  of  advertising  our  State's  re- 
sources, with  a  special  view  to  encouraging  an  exten- 
sive exhibit  of  fruit  for  St.  Louis  Exposition.  Gov- 
ernor Montague  has  expi-essed  his  interest  in  this 
feature,  and  promises  to  attend  and  give  an  address 
on  the  subject  if  it  is  possible  to  do  so.  Speakers 
will  open  subjects  for  discussion  who  are  well  known 
to  the  fruit  growing  indiistry  both  in  Virginia  and 


other  States.  Our  programme  with  particulars  of 
the  fruit  exhibit  will  be  published  as  soon  as  it  is 
possible  to  have  all  the  details  collected  in  proper 
shape.  Waltee  Whately, 

Secretary  and  Treasurer. 
Crozet,  Alhemarle  Co.,  Ya. 


ORCHARD  AND  GARDEN  NOTES. 

Ediior  Southern  Planter: 

Recently  I  was  invited  to  go  with  the  owner 
through  a  large  apple  orchard.  Several  things  in 
the  orchard  impressed  me  very  much.  Many  of  the 
trees  on  the  lowest  land  Avere  shedding  the  foliage 
from  the  serious  effects  of  roestelia  and  phyllosticta 
fungus  diseases.  The  apple  crop  on  such  trees  is 
very  apt  to  be  short  next  season,  since  the  vitality  of 
the  trees  is  being  very  much  lowered.  The  owner 
had  not  followed  the  advice  given  in  the  Spray  Calen- 
dar published  in  the  Planter  last  spring.  The  trees 
on  the  higher  ground  were  not  so  badly  affected.  This 
is  what  one  might  expect.  Never  plant  trees  on  low, 
wet  land.  Those  who  select  orchard  land  for  tree 
planting  this  fall  should  be  very  carefiil  to  get  well 
drained  land.  There  was  a  large  amount  of 
"wormy"  and  decayed  fruit  under  the  trees  on  the 
ground.  Hogs  would  have  readily  consumed  this 
fruit  with  profit  if  allowed  to  do  so,  and  thus  would 
have  prevented  one  source  of  spreading  the  codlin 
moth  and  bitter  rot  of  the  apple.  A  small  herd  of 
mv  OAvn  is  doing  well  on  apples  and  clover.  Thou- 
sands of  bushels  of  inferior  fruit  will  go  to  waste  this 
year  in  Virginia,  which  had  far  better  been  fed  into 
pork. 

The  time  has  come  when  fruits  and  vegetables 
should  be  stored  away  for  winter.  Too  frequently 
this  work  is  done  carelesslv. 


As  I  promised  in  the  Planter  last  spring  to  dis- 
cuss harvesting  and  storing  of  sweet  potato,  some  of 
the  results  of  my  experiments  with  this  crop  will  be 
given  here. 

An  erroneous  idea  often  prevails  that  frost  should 
not  kill  the  vines  before  digging.  Sweet  potatoes 
diig  before  or  after  frost  made  no  difference  in  their 
keeping  in  my  experience.  There  is  only  one  test 
that  I  know  of  by  which  to  tell  when  the  crop  is  ready 
to  harvest.  If  when  a  tuber  is  broken  open  it  dries 
up  with  a  white  crust-like  formation,  the  crop  is 
readj' ;  but  if  the  broken  surface  continues  to  show  a 
watery,  greenish  appearance,  the  crop  is  not  ready 
to  be  harvested.  If  taken  up  then  there  is  great 
danger  of  loss  from  soft  rot.     The  ground  should  be 


636 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


[October 


dry,   the  day  should  be  clear  and  bright,   and  the  THE   GRASS-MULCH    METHOD    OF   APPLE    CUL- 


tubers  should  be  left  to  drv  a  few  hours  in  the  sun 
before  gathering  begins. 

How  to  harvest  the  crop  is  quite  important.  (.)ne 
of  the  simplest  and  easiest  ways  T  have  found  is  to 
use  a  large  turning  plow  with  a  rolling  coulter  on  the 
beam,  hitch  two  horses  to  the  plow,  let  one  walk  on 
each  side  of  the  row,  throw  open  a  furrow  on  each 
side  of  the  row  six  inches  from  the  centre.  This 
will  cut  the  vines  and  throw  the  dirt  away  from 
the  potato  row.  When  the  field  is  gone  over  in  this 
way  take  off  the  rolling  coulter  and  throw  the  pota- 
toes out  by  running  the  plow  under  them. 

Tn  gathering,  be  careful  not  to  bruise  the  tubers. 
The  baskets  or  boxes  should  be  lined  with  cloth.  The 
first  grade  may  be  gathered  by  one  party  and  tlie  sec- 
ono  by  another.  All  cut  or  bruised  tubers  should 
go  in  the  second  grade,  since  soft  rot  is  liable  to  start 
on  these  unless  handled  with  extreme  care. 

The  piles  should  be  made  very  small  until  the  crop 
cures.  Examinations  should  be  made  each  day  for 
a  week  or  ten  days  in  search  of  all  tubers  which  may 
have  soft  rot.  AVhen  the  tubers  cure  well  all  danger 
of  soft  rot  is  over.  The  crop  may  then  be  jilaced  in 
a  suitable  potato  house.  Small  quantities  may  be 
placed  in  clean,  dry  road  sand  and  1)6  kept  in  a  warm 
place  with  ease  all  winter.  Mice  cannot  go  throngl 
sand  to  injure  the  tubers,  which  is  a  very  important 
point  to  remember.  Plenty  of  tubers  should  be  put 
away  for  bedding  out  next  season.  Not  enough  of 
this  most  important  vegetable  (both  for  man  and 
beast)  is  grown  in  Virginia.  It  can  be  grown  on  thin 
sandy  soil,  where  the  Irish  potato  fails. 


We  have  just  received  from  the  Virginia  Experi- 
ment Station  bulletins  number  5,  6,  7  and  8,  on  the 
various  phases  of  cider  making.  These  bulletins 
couistitute,  perhaps,  the  most  exhaustive  treatise  on 
the  subject  in  the  English  language.  We  are  sorry 
the  station  did  not  put  all  four  bulletins  in  one,  like 
the  same  material  was  published  in  bulletin  form  by 
the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture.  Num- 
bers count  for  nothing.  Tn  this  form  some  are  apt 
to  become  misplaced  or  lost  in  the  hands  of  (lie 
farmer.  The  bulletins  are  dated  ]\ray,  June,  July 
and  August,  1002,  while  the  matter  in  all  the  bulle- 
tins is  rather  technical,  but  treat  the  various  sub- 
jects also  from  a  commercial  standpoint.  Now,  we 
would  like  to  see  Prof.  Alwood  try  his  hand  on  one 
for  the  practical  farmer,  who  has  only  one  or  two 
barrels  to  make.  It  could  be  numbered  9,  Septcm- 
l>er,  1903.  R.  H.  Price. 

Montgomery  Co.,  Va. 


JURE. 

Experiments  in  mulching  show  that  a  lack  of  a 
uniform  supply  of  moisture  is  responsible  for  seve- 
ral orchard  troubles,  which  have  been  attributed  to 
other  causes.  It  is  evident,  therefore,  that  in  the 
management  of  an  orchard  the  aim  shoiild  be  to  con- 
serve moisture  and  at  the  same  time  to  grow  a  crop 
which  shall  add  to  the  supply  of  vegetable  fiber.  The 
grass-mulch  method  seems,  under  certain  conditions, 
to  admirably  meet  the  requirements  as  to  vegetable 
fiber  and  soil  moisture.  It  woiild  be  premature  to 
attempt  to  say  just  what  the  limitations  of  the 
method  are,  but  it  appears  to  be  widely  applicable, 
and  is  especially  advisable  on  hilly  land — in  fact, 
wherever  cultivation  is  difficult — and  on  soil  which 
washes  and  where  grass  can  be  made  to  grow. 

To  Mr.  F.  P.  Vergon,  of  Delaware  county,  O.,  and 
to  Mr.  Grant  Hitchings,  of  Onondago  county,  N.  Y., 
is  due  the  credit  of  demonstrating  that  apples  may  be 
successfully  gro'wn  by  this  method.  Both  of  these 
men  have  worked  along  essentially  the  same  lines 
for  about  fourteen  years. 

Thiis  far  the  method  has  been  unqualifiedly  suc- 
cessful, and  merits  a  description;  moreover,  consid- 
erable misconception  concerning  it  has  arisen,  hence 
there  is  not  only  danger  of  some  going  wrong  who 
may  attempt  it,  but  many  who  might  adopt  it  to  good 
advantages  may  fail  to  see  any  good  reason  for  doing 
so. 

Mr.  Vergon  planted  his  orchard  in  a  field  which 
had  been  a  bluegrass  pasture  for  about  fifty  years, 
and  at  about  the  same  time  Mr.  Hitchings  began 
planting  a  young  orchard  where  an  old  one  had  stood 
in  grass  for  about  one  hundred  years.  He  has  also 
planted  an  orchard  in  a  field  which  had  been  in  cul- 
tivation for  the  same  length  of  time,  but  had  been 
well  eared  for,  and  another  in  a  wornout  field.  Both 
of  these  fields  have  been  in  grass  from  the  time  of 
planting.  Both  of  these  gentlemen  dug  large  holes 
for  the  trees,  and  both  mulched  the  newly-planted 
trees.  Mr.  Vergon  made  hay  of  the  grass  for  a  few 
years,  but  soon  decided  to  take  nothing  from  the 
orchard  but  apples.  He  has  mulched  the  trees  with 
the  grass,  and  has  also  hauled  in  various  kinds  of  ma- 
terial for  the  purpose.  Mr.  Hitchings  mulches  his 
trees  until  they  get  well  established  and  then  cuts  the 
grass  and  lets  it  lie. 

The  trees  in  both  Mr.  Vergon's  and  Mr.  Hitch- 
ings's  orchards  began  bearing  at  an  early  age,  and 
have  given  annual  crops.  It  is  especially  noticeable 
that  the  trees  are  able  to  carry  a  crop  of  fruit  and  to 
form  fruit-buds  at  the  same  time,  while  the  fruit  is 
well  colored  and  hangs  on  remarkably  well.  Even 
in  dry  seasons  there  appears  to  be  no  bad  effects  from 
dry  weather  on  the  growth  of  the  trees  or  upon  the 
size  of  the  fruit.     The  loss  by  dropping  is  insignifi- 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


637 


cant.  A.11  of  the  results  which  are  supposed  to  come 
from  good  tillage  and  cover-crops  are  found  in  these 
orchards  in  a  marked  degree. — Professor  W.  J. 
Oreen,  in  Bulletin  No.  137  of  the  Ohio  Experiment 
Station. 


GERMINATION  OF  SEEDS. 

Following  table  indicates  the  length  of  time  which 
seeds  will  germinate  with  profit : 

Years. 

Asparagus  4 

Beans    ^ 

Beets   5 

Cabbage   7 

Carrot   5 

Cauliflower T 

Celery  8 

Corn' 2 

Cucumber   12 

Lettuce •'> 

Egg  plant   " 

Melon    7 

Onion   2 

Peas 4 

Parsnips    1 

Pumpkin 7 

Kadish 3 

Spinach 3 

Squash  7 

Tomato    ^ 

Turnips 5 

With  melons,  cucumbers  and  squashes  the  older 
seeds  produce  luxuriant  growth  of  vine  and  earlier 
settins:  of  fniit.  All  others  decrease  in  vitality  with 
years. 

The  following  table  shows  the  average  time  of  ger- 
mination from  planting  of  the  more  common  seeds : 

Days. 

Beans   5  to  10 

Beets    7  to  10 

Cabbage   5  to  10 

Carrot   12  to  20 

Cauliflower   5  to  10 

■  Celerv  10  to  20 

Corn" 5  to     8 

Cucumber   5  to  10 

Endive 5  to  10 

Lettuce 6  to 

Onions    7  to  10 

Parsnips    10  to  20 

Peas   6  to  10 

Pepper 10  to  14 

Eadish   3  to     6 

Salsify   7  to  12 

Tomato    6  to  12 

Turnip 4  to     8 


The  table   below  gives   generally  the  time  from 
planting  to  full  maturity : 

Days. 

Beets   40  to     60 

Cabbage   90  to  115 

Carrot   90  to  110 

Celery  150  to  160 

Com  (sweet)   65  to     90 

Cucumber   55  to     75 

Lettuce 6.^  to     75 

Watermelon   125  to  150 

Muskmelon    125  to  150 

Squash  (winter)    120  to  150 

Squash  fsummer)    90  to  100 

Esrg  Plant   150  to  175 

Onions    130  to  150 

Parslev    90  to  120 

Peas 40  to     90 

Pepper 1^0  to  160 

Kadish    20  to     30 

Spinach 60  to     80 

Tomato    HO  to  120 

Turnip   60  to     75 

•Geo.  H.  C.  Willi.\ms. 

District  of  Columbia. 


FOREIGNERS  WANT  OUR  APPLES. 

The  outlook  for  the  export  trade  of  American  and 
Canadian  apples  is  unusually  bright. 

Writing  from  Edinburgh,  James  Lindsay  &  Son 
say:  "Fruit  of  every  description  is  scarce  here,  es- 
peciallv  apples,  of  which  there  are  really  next  to 
none  in  Great  Britain,  and  we  are  of  the  opinion  the 
crop  on  the  continent  is  less  than  ihey  claim.  But 
even  though  the  continental  crop  turns  out  more  ap- 
ples than  now  anticipated,  this  will  not  materially  in- 
terfere with  shipments  from  America,  as  the  quality 
of  European  fruit  is  so  much  inferior  they  can  only 
be  used  for  cooking  purposes.  Our  opinion  is  that 
if  shippers  on  your  side  continue  to  send  a  good  grade 
of  apples,  there  will  be  as  many  wanted  here  as  last 
season."  Henry  Levy,  fruit  auctioneer  of  Covent 
Garden,  London,  reports  high  prices  for  fancy  au- 
tiunn  apples,  and  believes  Kieffer  pears  should  do 
well  this  season,  packed  in  half  barrels. 

A  forceful  reason  for  probable  activities  the  com- 
ing six  months  is  the  unquestioned  shortage  of  the 
European  fruit  crop.  The  yieU  of  apples  and  prac- 
tically all  fruits  in  the  United  Kingdom  is  very  short. 
On  the  continent,  moderate  to  fair  crops  are  reported. 
Yet  the  excessively  high  prices  ruling  there  suggest 
that  the  amount  available  for  market  is  small,  after 
all.  The  European  apple  crop,  as  pointed  out  from 
time  to  time  in  American  Agriculturist,  is  made  up 
mostly  of  autumn  fruit,  which  is  largely  out  of  the 
way  by  the  time  our  hard  winter  varieties  are  ready 
for  market. — American  Agriculturist. 


638 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


[October 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy. 


TEXAS  OR  TICK  FEVER. 

We  are  glad  to  know  from  letters  we  have  received 
that  oxir  remarks  in  reply  to  inquiries  published  in 
our  last  issue  have  aroused  attention  amongst  farm- 
ers to  this  subject.  In  truth,  it  is  one  of  the  most 
vital  interest  for  all  Southern  farmers,  and  especially 
for  farmers  in  Virginia,  where  there  is  no  reason 
whatever  why  with  proper  attention  and  exertion 
this  serious  hindrance  to  the  improvement  and  ex- 
tension of  our  cattle  industry  should  not  be  wholly 
removed.  We  have  repeatedly  stated,  and  we  so  state 
again  with  absolute  confidence  in  our  opinion,  that 
the  whole  State  of  Virginia  can  be  Drought  out  of 
quarantine  and  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars  be 
added  to  the  value  of  our  live  stock  every  year  by  at- 
tention to  this  subject.  North  Carolina  is  moving 
ahead  much  faster  in  this  direction  than  Virginia, 
and  has  already  secured  the  exemption  of  several 
counties  from  quarantine.  The  removal  of  this  hin- 
drance to  the  free  marketing  of  stock  has  added  from 
one  half  to  one  cent  per  pound  to  the  value  of  all 
stock  shipped  from  those  counties,  a  gain  in  one 
county  alone  of  over  $G,000  for  one  year's  shipments. 
What  is  being  done  in  North  Carolina  can  be  more 
easily  done  in  Virginia,  as  we  are  further  north,  and 
our  winters  help  ns  more  in  getting  rid  of  the  ticks. 
Once  get  rid  of  these,  and  Texas  fever,  or  it  is  com- 
monly called,  "Murrain,"  will  cease  to  kill  oti  onr 
cattle.  The  way  to  get  rid  of  the  ticks  is  described 
in  the  following  extract  from  instruction?  issued  by 
Dr.  Tait  Butler,  the  State  Veterinarian  of  North 
Carolina,  nnder  v,'ho.se  able  guidance  and  careful 
work  great  progress  has  been  made  in  that  State : 

}10W  TO  i:XTERMIX.\TE  THE  CATTLE  TICK. 

"Since  it  is  only  with  a  full  knowledge  of  the  habits 
of  the  cattle  ticks  and  the  manner  in  which  they  breed 
that  the  pro]ier  means  for  their  destruction  can  be  de- 
vised and  understood,  the  following  facts  should  be 
carefully  considered : 

1.  The  full-grown  female  ticks,  after  filling  them- 
selves with  blood,  drop  oflF  the  cattle  and  crawl  nnder 
leaves,  grass  or  any  other  material  with  which  the 
groimd  may  be  covered. 

2.  In  two  or  three  days  these  ticks  begin  laving 
eggs  and  lay  from  1,500  to  2,500  during  the  next  two 
weeks. 

3.  In  real  warm  weather  these  eggs  may  hatch  in 
three  weeks,  but  the  hatching  may  be  greatly  delayed 
or  prevented  entirely  by  cold  weather. 

4.  The  young  ticks  (seed  ticks)  although  extremely 


small,  are  active,  and  crawl  up  the  weeds,  grass  or 
twigs  and  wait  for  cattle  to  come  along  and  pick  them 

5.  Since  these  yoimg  ticks  are  not  able  to  live 
longer  without  fond,  imless  a  cow,  horse  or  mule 
brushes  its  legs  against  the  object  upon  which  thev 
are  waiting,  within  four  or  five  months  they  will 
starve  to  death. 

G.  From  the  time  the  jovmg  ticks  get  on  cattle  until 
they  are  full  grown  and  ready  to  drop  off  is  about  four 
weeks,  except  in  cold  weather,  when  the-^-  frequently 
remain  on  much  longer. 

7.  Neither  old  nor  yoimg  ticks  crawl  far,  and  a 
fence  with  a  rail  or  board  on  the  ground  will  certainly 
stop  them,  but  wire  fences  do  not  always  ailord  pro- 
tection. 

8.  Ticks  do  not  go  from  one  animal  to  another. 

9.  Eggs  laid  before  the  first  of  September  will 
hatch  the  same  fall,  and  unless  the  young  ticks  get 
on  cattle,  horses  or  mules  they  will  die  of  cold  or 
starv'ation  before  spring. 

10.  Eggs  laid  during  the  cold  weather  of  late  fall 
and  winter  do  not  hatch  until  the  warm  days  of 
spring.  It  is,  therefore,  the  eggs  and  not  the  ticks 
that  arc  able  to  pass  through  the  winters  of  the  north- 
ern and  western  portions  of  this  State. 

A^'ith  the  foregoing  facts  in  mind  three  methods  of 
destroying  the  ticks  at  once  suggest  themselves : 

1.  Keep  all  cattle,  horses  and  mules  out  of  the  tick- 
infested  pastures,  lanes  and  lots  after  September  1st, 
and  all  eggs  previously  laid  will  hatch  before  cold 
weather  and  the  young  ticks  starve  to  death  before 
spring. 

2.  Eivide  the  pasture  by  a  fence  with  a  rail  or 
Iward  tight  on  the  ground,  and  the  first  year  keep  all 
cattle,  horses  and  mules  out  of  one-half  after  Sep- 
tember 1st.  The  second  year  put  the  cattle  on  the 
half  left  vacant  the  year  previous,  and  also  provide 
new  lanes  and  lots  or  ground  over  which  no  cattle  ran 
the  year  before. 

.3.  If  practicable,  burn  the  pasture  over  thorotighly 
early  in  the  spring.  Mix  sulphur  with  the  salt  given 
the  cattle — one  part  of  sulphur  to  three  parts  of  salt. 
Begin  not  later  than  April  loth  greasing  the  legs  and 
under  parts  of  all  cattle,  and  repeat  it  once  a  week 
all  summer.  Wliile  greasing  the  cattle  look  care- 
fully for  any  ticks  that  may  have  escaped  the  grease 
or  attached  themselves  to  the  upper  parts  of  the  body, 
and  if  any  are  found,  pick  them  off  and  burn.  The 
grease  may  be  one  part  kerosene  and  two  ]iarts  any 
cheap  sort  convenient,  STich  as  cotton  seed  oil.  If  a 
little  sulphur  and  tar  be  added  the  effect  will  be  pro- 
longed and  increased.  The  grease  prevents  young 
ticks  from  getting  on  the  cattle  and  kills  those  already 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


639 


on  by  pln2;ging  the  small  openings  in  the  body 
through  which  they  breathe. 

If  the  greasing  and  hand-picking  be  done  thor- 
oughly and  no  ticks  allowed  to  drop  in  the  pastures 
lanes  or  lots,  for  fonr  or  five  months  during  the  warm 
season,  the  effort  will  be  STiccessful. 

Either  of  the  first  two  methods,  when  they  can  be 
adopted,  is  always  certain  to  exteminate  the  ticks ; 
bnt  the  third  is  not  applicable  to  large  herds,  and 
will  fail  unless  it  is  carefully  and  thoroughly  carried 
out." 

We.  are  in  hopes  that  our  State  Board  of  Quaran- 
tine will  take  up  this  question,  and  we  invite  their 
attention  to  it,  and  ask  that  they  secure  authority  from 
the  Legislature  for  a  vigorous  campaigTi  against  the 
ticks,  and  that  the  farmers  of  the  State  will  support 
them  by  urging  upon  the  Legislature  the  apj^ropria- 
tion  of  sufficient  money  to  make  the  work  effective. 
The  co-operation  of  county  authorities  will  be  needed 
and  the  Legislature  should  authorize  these  to  make  the 
necessary  expenditure  to  secure  effective  quarantine 
and  cleansing  of  all  tick  infested  cattle  and  pastures. 
The  passage  of  a  "no  fence"  law  would  materially  re- 
duce the  cost  of  exterminating  ticks  and  shorten  the 
time  required  in  doing  the  work.  The  State  Veteri- 
narian should  also  be  authorized  and  required  to  in- 
oculate all  imported  pure  bred  cattle  on  the  request 
of  the  owners,  and  thus  encourage  the  breeding  of  a 
better  type  of  cattle. 


PREVENTION  OF  TEXAS  OR  TICK  FEVER. 

Editor  Southern   Planter: 

I  see  that  IMr.  C.  A.  Williams,  of  Ringwood,  N. 
C,  after  several  trials  and  much  loss,  has  discovered 
that  by  inoculation  one  may  introduce  pure  bred 
cattle  in  the  tick  belt  withotit  much  risk,  and  I  am 
glad  to  learn  it.  You  might  mention  in  the  next 
i.ssue  of  the  Pi.a^^ter  that  there  is  equally  as  safe 
and  a  mtich  cheaper  way  to  do  it — viz.,  btty  a  calf  not 
more  than  two  months  old,  give  him  to  a  native  cow, 
and  after  he  has  been  in  the  tick  country,  say  two 
months,  let  some  ticks  get  on  him.  He  will  have  the 
fever  lightly,  and  then  I  think  be  immune.  I  bought 
a  polled  Durliam  calf  last  May  just  two  months  old 
from  ilessrs.  Humbert  Bros.,  who  advertise  in  the 
Planter,  and  he  has  just  gone  through  the  fever  to 
all  appearances  all  right.  Tnos.  S.  Norfleet. 

Person  Co.,  N.  C. 

Whilst  there  is  no  doubt  that  to  proceed  with  a 
calf  as  directed  by  our  correspondent  will  confer  in 
some  cases  comjilete  immunity  aganist  Texas  fever, 
yet  this  is  not  so  absolutely  certain  as  to  avoid  the 
necessity  for  inoculation.  The  position  as  defined 
by  veterinarians  seems  to  be  this.     All  calves  at  birth 


have  a  high  degree  of  immunity  against  the  tick  fever. 
This  nattiral  immunity  is  gTadually  lost  as  they  be- 
come older.  If  when  the  calf  is  from  4  to  6  months 
old  it  becomes  infested  with  ticks  a  mild  attack  of  the 
disease  is  produced.  This  attack  is  usually  so  mild 
that  it  is  not  noticed  at  all,  but  it  confers  further  im- 
munity against  the  disease.  Through  repeated  tick 
infestations  and  repeated  mild  attacks  of  the  disease 
a  complete  immtiuity  is  gradually  established  against 
the  disease.  If  the  calf  be  inoculated  between  the 
ages  of  nine  and  fifteen  months  usitally  complete  im- 
munity against  the  disease  will  be  established.  The 
attacks  of  fever  before  the  age  of  nine  months  are 
usually  only  so  mild  as  not  to  confer  complete  im- 
mtmity.  The  proper  course  to  take  when  bringing 
in  cattle  to  the  tick  belt  is  to  bring  in  only  calves  not 
more  than  nine  months  old.  These  should  be  brought 
South  in  December,  and  be  inoctilated  as  soon  as 
rested  and  then  in  February  following  be  again  in- 
oculated and  the  animals  will  then  be  ready  to  go  on 
the  tick  infested  pastures  in  April  with  little  fear  of 
future  attacks.  Older  animals  are  liable  to  have  so 
severe  an  attack  of  the  fever  after  inoctilation  as  to 
occasion  some  loss,  though  this  is  not  usually  more 
than  5  per  cent. — Ed. 


HOLLOW  HORN— HOLLOW  TAIL. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

I  am  a  subscriber  and  .a  great  admirer  of  the 
Southern  Planter.  I  heartily  agree  with  you  on 
the  cheat  question,  but  cannot  on  "Hollow  tail"  of 
cattle.  You  say  there  are  no  such  diseases  of  cattle 
as  "Hollow  tail"  and  "Hollow  horn."  I  have 
handled  hundreds  of  cattle;  have  been  feeding  and 
caring  for  them  from  the  time  I  was  large  enough, 
and  we  risuaily  kept  from  50  to  100  head,  and  if  I 
ever  saw  one  with  Hollow  horn  I  didn't  know  it, 
though  I  have  had  a  few  men  to  have  cows  they  said 
had  Hollow  horn,  and  asked  me  for  treatment.  I 
always  advised  them  to  bring  them  to  my  farm,  and 
T  would  cure  it  by  dehorning  them,  which  they  did, 
and  afterward  told  me  it  was  a  success,  but  as  far  as 
my  own  experience  goes,  if  any  of  my  cattle  ever  had 
Hollow  horn  I  never  knew  it,  and  never  believed 
there  was  such  a  disease. 

But  as  to  Hollow  tail,  T  know  that  cattle  have  a 
disease  of  the  tail,  which  always  proves  fatal  unless 
treated,  but  do  not  know  that  a  veterinarian  would 
call  it  Hollow  tail.  The  symptoms  are  failing  appe- 
tite, falling  off  in  flesh,  hair  standing  on  end,  dreamy 
eyes,  not  caring  to  come  for  feed.  On  examination 
you  will  find  the  bone  about  an  inch  or  two  from  end 
of  tail  gone  or  badly  diseased.  On  taking  a  sharp 
knife  and  splitting  the  tail  you  will  find  little  or  no 


640 


THE  SOUTHER?^  PLANTER. 


[October 


blood,  with  the  bone  slick  and  slimy.  For  treatment 
simply  split  the  tail  to  the  bone  as  far  as  is  diseased. 
Some  say  put  salt  and  pepper  in  it  and  tie  up.  I 
never  do  anything  but  split  the  tail,  and  I  have  cured 
dozens  of  them.  You  can  see  a  marked  improvement 
in  three  days,  and  in  a  week  they  will  be  improving 
rapidly.  Once  I  had  a  valuable  lot  of  yearling 
steers  wliich  kept  falling  off  until  very  thin.  I  could 
not  split  the  tails  without  help,  and  had  none,  so  with 
the  steers  running,  I  caught  one  by  the  tail  and  sim- 
ply cut  the  tail  off  about  four  inches  from  the  end, 
and  he  was  all  0.  K.  in  a  few  days.  I  think,  how- 
ever, that  uine-tenths  of  the  so-called  "Hollow  horn" 
and  "Hollow  tail"  is  a  lack  of  care  and  feed. 

J.  D.  SronGHii-T.. 

Shelby  Co.,  Ey. 

Xo  veterinarian  recognizes  such  a  disease  as  "Hol- 
low Tail."  There  may  be  some  disease  affecting 
cattle  of  which  a  diseased  tail  is  a  sjTuptom,  but  it 
cannot  be  of  a  serious  character,  if  simply  cutting  the 
tail  end  off  will  cure  it.  Boils  on  a  man  indicate  a 
diseased  condition  of  the  blood.  Poulticing  and  lanc- 
ing them  will  cure  the  boils,  but  not  the  disease, 
which  caused  them.  Our  correspondent  is  no  doubt 
right  in  his  opinion  that  want  of  feed  and  care  are 
really  the  true  explanation  of  these  so-called  diseases. 
"Hollow  stomach"  would  be  a  more  accurate  name 
for  them. — Ed. 


RIGHT  OF  OWNER  OF  PURE  BRED  CATTLE  TO 
RECOVER  DAMAGES  FROM  OWNER  OF  SCRUB 
BULL 

Editor  Sovthern  Planter: 

Die  inquiry  of  J.  L.  H.,  in  the  September  issue  of 
the  Planter,  has  been  answered  by  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Iowa,  in  the  case  of  Crawford  vs.  Williams, 
48  Iowa,  247.  In  that  case  the  court  held  the  meas- 
ure of  damages  to  be  the  difference  in  value  of  plain- 
tiff's cow  for  breeding  purposes  before  and  after  meet- 
ing defendant's  bull. 

In  deciding  the  above  case  the  court  uses  the  fol- 
lowing language: 

"The  intelligent  public  spirit  which  employs  itself 
in  the  improvement  of  stock  ought  to  be  encouraged 
and  protected.  It  will  be  found  impossible  to  main- 
tain good  breeds  of  stock  if  the  owners  of  "scrub" 
male  animals  may  permit  them  to  run  at  large  with 
impunity.  !Much  skill  and  intelligence  are  requisite 
upon  the  pan  of  stock  breeders  in  selecting  the  most 
desirable  crosses,  so  as  to  transmit  the  best  qualities 
to  the  progeny.  Each  stock  breeder  has  the  right  to 
make  this  selection  for  himself.  If  he  is  deprived 
of  the  right  of  making  this  selection  he  ought  to  be 


fully  compensated  for  the  injury  inflicted.  The 
value  of  thoroughbred  stock  consists  in  the  proba- 
bility that  the  qualities  .of  excellence  will  be  trans- 
mitted to  the  offspring.  It  is  evident  that,  to  a 
breeder  of  fine  stock  a  thoroughbred  heifer,  with  a 
calf  to  a  bull  of  impure  blood,  would  be  of  less  value 
than  one  with  calf  to  a  thoroughbred,  or  not  with  calf 
at  all.  The  difference  in  value  of  the  heifer  for  the 
purpose  of  breeding  fine  stock,  before  meeting  de- 
fendant's bull  and  afterwards  constitutes  the  proper 
measure  of  plaintiff's  damages." 

I  Iiave  no  doubt  the  Virginia  court  would  follow 
the  Iowa  ruling  in  such  cases. 

MarshalUown,  Iowa.  Henry  Stone. 


FEEDING  PIGS  AT  THE  VERMONT  STATION. 

Sour  skim  milk  has  proved  practically  as  good  as 
sweet  skim  smilk  in  fattening  hogs  at  the  Vermont 
Experiment  Station.  Wlien  there  has  been  any  dif- 
ference at  all  it  has  been  in  favor  of  the  sour  milk. 
In  seven  years'  experiments  the  value  of  skim  milk 
for  hogs  has  varied  from  15  to  35  cents  per  100 
pounds  and  averaged  25  cents.  In  one  experiment 
pigs  on  buttermilk  gained  a  little  faster  and  were 
somewhat  more  profitable  thau  pigs  fed  skim  milk. 
The  buttermilk  in  this  experiment  had  a  feeding 
value  of  24  cents  per  100  pounds.  Whey  in  one  tesfc 
had  a  feeding  value  of  11  cents  per  100  pounds. 

The  best  proportions  of  skim  milk  and  corn  meal 
to  feed  together  have  been  studied  in  a  number  of  ex- 
periments. The  use  of  two  ounces  of  corn  meal  to 
each  quart  of  milk  yielded  pork  at  the  least  cost  of 
food,  but  a  more  rapid  gain  was  made  when  a  greater 
proportion  of  corn  meal  was  fed.  In  finishing  off 
hogs  more  rapid  and  cheaper  gains  were  made  when 
12  quarts  of  skim  milk  were  fed  iu  addition  to  all 
the  corn  meal  the  hogs  would  eat  than  when  but  six 
quarts  were  thus  fed.  The  feeding  of  bulky  or  water 
foods  was  found  to  condiice  to  a  larger  growth  of 
stomach  and  intestines,  and  hence  greater  shrinkage 
in  dressing. 

Corn  meal  in  one  experiment  produced  11  per  cent, 
better  gains  than  wheat  middlings  with  young  grow- 
ing pigs  and  23  per  cent,  better  than  rice  meal  with 
hogs  weighing  about  140  pounds.  The  results  of 
two  experiments  show  more  rapid  gains  on  ground 
than  on  whole  corn,  the  difference  being  about  10  per 
cent.  The  extra  cost  of  hauling  and  grinding  the 
grain  it  is  thought  would  probably  counterbalance 
this  gain.  Wetting  corn  meal  resulted  in  more  profi- 
table gains  than  feeding  it  dry.  The  fertilizing  value 
of  the  food  fed  in  the  various  experiments  has  aver- 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTEK. 


641 


aged  56  per  cent,  of  its  market  value.  In  nearly  all 
the  experiments  profitable  gains  ceased  to  be  made 
after  the  pigs  had  attained  a  weight  of  180  pounds. 
— C.  B.  Smith,  District  of  Columbia,  in  Breeder's 
Gazette. 


CATTLE  FEEDING  EXPERIMENTS  AT  TENNES- 
SEE EXPERIMENT  STATION. 

At  the  present  time  a  large  per  cent,  of  the  cattle 
gro\TO  in  the  Middle  South  are  sold  in  the  autumn  as 
long  yearlings,  because  of  the  general  belief  that  they 
cannot  be  profitably  winter  fed,  and  it  was  for  the 
purpose  of  determining  whether  these  cattle  can  be 
stall  fed  or  whether  they  should  be  maintained  as 
stockers  through  the  winter  to  be  finished  on  grass, 
or  whether  it  would  be  more  advisable  for  the  farmer 
to  sell  them  in  the  fall  that  the  investigations,  results 
of  which  are  recorded  below,  were  undertaken.  The 
results  presented  only  cover  one  year's  work,  and  the 
following  resume  is  published  because  it  contains  in- 
formation which  should  be  very  useful  to  the  farmers 
generally,  as  it  warrants  the  conclusion  that  silage  is 
a  very  valuable  rotighness  if  judiciously  fed  to  beef 
cattle.  It  is  proposed  to  repeat  these  experiments 
during  the  winters  of  100.3-'4-'5,  .so  that  the  average 
of  three  years'  trials  may  be  had,  and  then  it  would 
seem  that  final  conclusions  might  be  drawn  from  the 
work.  During  the  past  winter  32  head  of  cattle  were 
divided  into  eight  groups  of  four  each  and  fed  150 
days.  Sixteen  of  these  cattle  received  a  moderate 
grain  ration  and  were  fed  silage  as  a  roughness,  the 
object  to  finish  them  as  nearly  as  possible  for  the 
spring  market.  The  other  sixteen  ^^-ere  fed  a  limited 
grain  ration  along  with  different  forms  of  rottghness. 
the  idea  being  to  run  them  through  the  winter  as 
cheaply  as  possible  and  finish  them  on  grass  the  fol- 
lowing spring  and  summer.  Group  11,  receiving 
silage,  cotton  seed  meal  and  corn  and  cob  meal,  made 
an  average  gain  of  2.40  pounds  per  day,  or  1,442 
pounds  for  the  period.  Grottp  12,  receiving  silage 
and  cotton  seed  meal,  gained  2.15  pounds  per  day, 
or  1,287  pounds  for  the  period.  Group  13,  receiving 
silage,  cotton  seed  meal,  com  and  cob  meal  and  clover 
hay,  gained  2.18  pounds  per  day,  or  1,  305  pounds 
for  the  period.  Group  14,  receiving  silage,  cotton 
seed  meal  and  clover  hay,  gained  2.10  potinds  per  day, 
or  1,313  pounds  for  the  whole  period.  The  cotton 
seed  meal  and  corn  and  cob  meal  were  fed  in  the  early 
part  of  the  period  in  the  ratio  of  2  to  1,  the  propor- 
tions being  reversed  toward  the  close  of  the  experi- 
ment. An  average  of  about  10  pounds  of  meal  were 
consumed  at  one  time  by  group  12,  the  average  rang- 
ing close  to  10  pounds,  though  these  animals  were  fed 


at  one  time  as  much  as  12  pounds  per  head  per  day. 
This  is  a  little  more  than  they  could  consume  to  the 
best  advantage  and  it  would  have  probably  been  bet- 
ter if  not  more  than  10  pounds  had  been  used  at  any 
time.  These  animals  were  in  good  condition,  and, 
as  the  reader  will  observe,  made  an  excellent  gain 
throughout  the  period,  which  is  the  best  answer  to 
those  who  doubt  the  feeding  value  of  cotton  seed  meal 
or  who  say  it  cannot  be  fed.  The  trouble  is  not  so 
much  with  the  cotton  seed  meal  as  with  the  method 
of  feeding  the  same. — A.  M.  Soule,  Tennessee  Ex- 
periment Station. 


CORN  ENSILAGE  FOR  STEERS. 

During  the  past  winter  ("October  10,  1902,  to  June 
8,  1903.)  the  Kansas  Experiment  Station  fed  a  lot 
of  ten  steers  on  corn  ensilage,  chopped  alfalfa  hay, 
and  a  grain  mixture  of  equal  parts  ground  corn  and 
Kafir  corn  in  comparison  with  another  lot  of  twenty 
steers  of  the  same  average  weight  and  quality  fed. 
exactly  the  same  feed  except  ensilage.  The  results 
are  sho-\\Ti  bv  the  following  figures : 


15 

Total   gain 
of  lot, 
pounds. 

Grain     con- 
sumed   per 
100  lbs.  gain 
pounds. 

Roughness  consumed 
per  lOo  pounds  gain. 

Lot. 

Ensilage,      Chopped  AI- 
pounds.     falfa,  pounds. 

With  Ensilage.  .  . 
Without  Ensilage 

10 
20 

4468       715 
8359       733 

471 

327 
453 

From  the  above  figures  it  will  be  seen  that  for 
every  100  pounds  of  gain  the  471  pounds  of  ensilage 
saved  18  pounds  of  grain  and  156  pounds  of  alfalfa. 
At  the  market  prices  of  these  feeds  (54  cents  per 
cwt.  for  grain  and  27+  cents  per  cwt.  for  alfalfa),  the 
471  pounds  of  ensilage  made  a  saving  of  52.62  cents. 

The  steers  were  shipped  to  Kansas  City  and  sold 
at  the  stock  yards  June  23d,  at  the  following  prices: 

Lot  with   Ensilage $4.95  per  cwt. 

Lot  without  Ensilage 4.70  per  cAvt. 

Here  is  a  gain  of  25  cents  per  cwt.  in  the  selling 
price  in  favor  of  the  ensilage  steers.  Adding  this  to 
the  52.62  cents  already  saved  it  makes  the  471  potmds 
of  ensilage  worth  77.62  cents,  or  at  the  rate  of  $3.29 
per  ton. 

Making  the  above  comparison  on  the  basis  of  rough- 
ness alone,  the  471  pounds  of  ensilage  plus  the  329 
pounds  of  alfalfa  in  the  ensilage  lot  is  equivalent  to 
the  485  pounds  of  alfalfa  in  the  lot  without  ensilage. 
This  shows  that  the  471  pounds  of  ensilage  waa 
equivalent  to  156  pounds  of  alfalfa.  At  this  rate, 
3.02  tons  of  corn  ensilage  is  equivalent  to  one  ton  of 
alfalfa  hay. 

^Vhen  sold  the  ensilage  lot  were  pronounced  excel- 
lent cattle  and  fat  enough  for  the  ordinary  trade. 

D'.  H.'Otis. 

Manhattan,  Kan. 


642 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[October 


The  Poultry  Yard. 


BUILDING  A  HEN  HOUSE. 

A  subscriber  asks  \is  to  give  him  advice  as  to  build- 
ing a  hen  house.  It  is  rather  a  difficult  matter  to  do 
this  without  knowing  something  of  what  is  intended 
to  be  done— that  is  to  say,  whether  it  is  simply  de- 
sired to  keep  a  few  fowls  for  supplying  the  family 
needs,  to  keep  a  large  number  of  fowls  for  supplying 
eggs  for  sale,  or  to  run  a  regular  poultry  farm  sup- 
plying eggs  and  chickens  for  market.  Each  different 
branch  of  work  requires  a  special  outfit  to  meet  its 
special  needs.  We  will,  however,  assume  that  what 
is  needed  is  a  house  in  which  to  keep  a  limited  num- 
ber of  hens  under  ordinary  farm  conditions,  permit- 
ting them  to  make  their  run  over  the  farm,  and  thus 
not  necessitating  the  provision  of  scratching  sheds  or 
enclosed  runs.  In  providing  such  a  house  as  we  as- 
sume to  be  asked  for,  the  first  consideration  should  be 
the  location.  This  should  be,  if  possible,  in  a  situ- 
ation sheltered  from  the  north,  northeast  and  north- 
west winds,  and  on  dry  gTouud.  The  next  point  is 
the  size  required.  To  arrive  at  this  allow  a  space  of 
]  0  square  feet  of  floor  for  each  fowl  to  be  kept.  Then 
let  the  height  be  6  feet  at  the  lowest  part  of  the  roof, 
rising  sufficiently  to  give  good  fall  to  the  rain,  so  as 
to  have  quickly  a  dry  roof.  The  house  may,  if  It 
complies  with  these  req^iirements  as  to  air  space,  be 
either  square  or  longer  than  wide.  We  prefer  to 
have  it  longer  than  wide,  and  to  let  this  long  side  face 
to  the  South.  This  gives  space  for  more  more  Avind- 
o^^■s  and  thus  enables  the  hoiise  to  be  kept  warmer  in 
winter  with  the  aid  of  the  sun  and  cooler  in  summer 
by  substituting  wire  screens  for  the  windows  at  that 
time.  Let  the  sills  be  laid  on  brick  or  concrete  foun- 
dations a  foot  or  18  inches  in  the  ground,  and  rising 
to  a  foot  above  it,  so  as  to  keep  oiit  rats  and  other 
vermin.  Weather  board  the  outside  and  line  inside 
first  with  building  paper  on  the  studding,  and  then 
with  plain  boards.  Let  the  door  be  at  one  end  of  flu- 
house  neai'er  to  the  side,  rather' than  in  the  middle. 
Tu  the  south  side  place  at  least  one,  or  better,  two  win- 
dow's. Let  these  be  fixed  so  that  they  can  be  opened. 
The  roof  may  be  either  hipped  or  fall  all  one  way,  as 
suits  the  convenience  of  the  builder  or  the  materials 
to  be  \ised,  and  may  be  covered  with  either  shingles 
or  other  roofing  material.  If  shingled,  the  rafters 
should  be  first  lined  with  building  paper.  Let  the 
floor  be  the  natural  clay  beaten  down  solid,  and  then 
well  covered  with  loose  fine  dust.  The  roost  poles 
should  run  lengthwise  of  the  building  at  the  back 
and  have  beneath  them  a  sloping  board  to  carry  the 
droppings  down  to  a  trough,  from  which  they  can  be 


raked  out  with  a  hoe.  The  nest  boxes  should  be 
placed  in  the  front  of  the  building  under  the  window 
or  windows,  and  be  covered  with  a  sloping  board,  say 
a  foot  above  them.  Let  both  nest  boxes  and  roosts 
be  so  fixed  as  to  be  easily  removed  for  cleaning.  Have 
the  house  well  limewashed  before  the  hens  are  put 
in.  Have  one  or  two  holes  cut  in  the  front  of  the 
building  near  the  ground  so  .that  the  hens  can  have 
access  whilst  i;he  door  of  the  house  can  be  kept  locked. 


PICKING  A  GOOD  LAYER. 

An  old  country  poultryman  makes  the  following 
suggestions  as  a  help  in  selecting  good  layers : 

There  are  certain  individiial  characteristics,  one  of 
which  is  the  shape  of  the  bird.  If  a  straight  line  be 
drawn  from  the  back  of  the  head  to  the  toes,  the  hen 
which  is  likely  to  be  a  good  layer  will  usually  have 
the  hinder  half  of  her  body  largest,  whilst  a  hen  which 
may  be  suspected  of  being  a  poor  layer  will  show 
more  in  the  front ;  the  reason  being  that  a  poor  layer 
makes  a  better  table  bird,  and  has  a  larger,  longer 
breast,  whilst  a  good  layer  makes  a  poor  table  bird, 
and  has  a  comparatively  small  breast,  whilst  the  egg 
organs  are  more  fully  developed.  Birds  which  are 
good  layers  are  usually  very  active.  They  always 
look  healthy,  and  in  most  cases  their  combs  are 
usually  fully  developed,  particularly  if  they  belong 
to  the  long-combed  varieties,  which  are  reputed  to  be 
the  best  layers.  A  hen  with  a  lomg  comb  may 
usually  be  regarded  as  a  good  layer,  and  if  she  is  not 
there  must  be  some  special  reason  for  the  contrary. 


PLUCKING  CHICKENS. 

In  getting  chickens  ready  for  market,  nearly  every 
one  has  exiierienced  a  difficiilty  in  securing  a  uniform 
appearance  of  skin  and  a  uniformly  clean  plucking. 
In  many  instances  the  trouble  is  due  to  the  manner  of 
scalding.  Over-scalding  invariably  causes  the  yellow 
bloom  of  the  skin  to  rub  oft'.  For  best  results  the 
water  for  scalding  should  be  just  at  the  boiling  point, 
but  not  actually  boiling. 

To  scald  the  birds,  immerse  them  in  the  water 
three  or  four  times,  and  immediately  after  scalding 
remove  the  feathers,  being  careful  not  to  break  the 
skin.  Poultry  so  treated  should  then  be  dipped  in 
hot  water  for  two  or  three  seconds,  and  then  placed  in 
cold  -water  for  about  twenty  minutes.  When  the 
birds  are  to  be  packed  in  ice  it  is  best  to  lower  the 
temperature  of  their  bodies  by  immersing  in  water 
of  gradually  lowering  temperature  down  to  freezing, 
when  they  will  be  ready  to  pack. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


643 


The   Horse. 


NOTES. 

World's  records,  both  among  harness  horses  and 
runners,  have  fallen  with  amazing  rapidity  this  sea- 
son, and  the  doings  of  the  present  mouth  may  furnish 
further  sensations  still.  Dan  Patch,  the  brown  pac- 
ing stallion,  6,  by  Joe  Patchen,  2  :01;^,  dam  Zelica, 
by  Wilkesberry,  lowered  the  record  for  lateral  gaited 
performers  at  Brighton  Beach,  jST.  Y.,  on  August  19th 
to  1 :59,  thereby  displacing  Star  Pointer,  1 :59^,  who 
was  the  first  harness  horse  to  reach  the  two  minute 
mark.  This  performance  was  greeted  with  wide  sat- 
isfaction, but  when  Lou  Dillon,  the  chestnut  mare,  6, 
by  Sidney  Dillon,  dam  Lou  Milton,  by  Milton  Me- 
dium, displaced  Creseus,  "i  :02J,  with  her  mile  in  two 
minutes,  flat  at  Peadville,  ]\Iass.,  on  August  24:th. 
Enthusiasm  knew  no  bounds.  But  even  now  another 
champion  is  in  sight  in  Major  Delmar,  the  bay  geld- 
ing, 6,  by  Delmar,  dam  Authoress,  by  Autograpli, 
who  trotted  to  a  record  of  2  :00t|-  at  Syracuse,  N.  Y., 
on  the  9th  of  September,  and  with  favorable  condi- 
tions is  likely  to  beat  two  minutes  before  the  season 
closes.  Not  only  has  Lou  Dillon  reached  the  two 
minute  mark,  but  hooked  to  high  wheel  sulky  at 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  on  September  12th,  she  displaced 
the  2:08=}  of  Maud  S.,  made  eighteen  years  ago,  by 
,    trotting  a  mile  in  2  :05. 

(Since  our  correspondent  handed  in  the  above, 
Prince  Alert,  the  pacing  hero  of  a  hundred  races  and 
the  champion  of  a  score  of  half  mile  tracks,  went 
against  the  world's  pacing  record  of  1 :59,  held  by 
Dan  Patch,  and  beat  it  most  decisively  by  clipping 
off  two  seconds,  making  the  mile  in  1 :5T  flat  at  the 
Empire  City  track  in  New  York  city. — Ed.) 

Prospects  were  never  brighter  for  the  third  annual 
exhibition  of  the  Richmond  Horse  Show  Association, 
the  datesof  which  are  October  13th-17th,  when  Rich- 
»  mond  will  be  the  Mecca  at  which  many  thousands 
from  various  sections  will  gather.  There  will  be 
five  exhibitions  at  night,  and  a  matinee  on  Saturday 
afternoon.  Over  $8,000  will  be  distributed  in  prizes, 
and  many  of  the  most  noted  show  horses  in  the  coun- 
try will  gather  on  the  tan  bark  and  be  paraded  before 
packed  houses.  Both  president  J.  T.  Anderson  and 
Secretary  W.  0.  Warthen  have  exerted  themselves  to 
the  utmost  to  make  the  aft'air  a  success,  and  all  signs 
seem  to  point  to  a  show  of  the  most  brilliant  descrip- 
tion. The  Marine  Band  of  Washington,  with  fifty 
performers,  will  furnish  music,  and  this  will  be  an 
attraction  of  prime  importance. 

North  Carolina's  circuit  of  fairs  and  race  meetings 
begins  this  month,  and  will  furnish  sport  and  ple;is- 
ure  galore  for  many  thousand  throughout  the  "Old 


North  State."  The  circuit  begins  on  the  6th  instant 
and  lasts  throughout  the  entire  month.  Dates  have 
been  assigned  six  places,  and  at  each  of  them  with 
favorable  weather  conditions  prevailing  a  record 
breaking  attendance  may  be  confidently  expected. 
The  same  dates  were  assigned  Winston  and  Burling- 
ton, but  these  towns  are  so  situated  geographically 
that  the  conflict  is  likely  to  make  no  serious  differ- 
ence, while  the  same  applies  to  Charlotte  and  Fayette- 
ville.  The  oldest,  best  known  and  most  important 
point  in  this  circuit  is,  of  course,  Raleigh,  where  for 
generations  past  the  fairs  and  race  meetings  of  the 
North  C'arolina  State  Agriciiltural  Society  have  been 
held,  but  the  events  fixed  for  other  places  along  the 
line  have  assumed  more  or  less  importance,  and  each 
place  has  of  itself  a  large  following.  The  dates  fol- 
low: Winston,  October  6th,  7th,  8th  and  9th;  Bur- 
lington, October  6th,  7th,  8th  and  9th;  Greensboro, 
October  i;3th,  14th,  15th  and  16th;  Raleigh,  October 
20th,  21st,  22d,  and  23d;  Charlotte,  October  27th, 
28th,  29th  and  30th  ;  FayeteviUe,  October  27th,  28th, 
29th  and  30th. 

^      ^      jt 

The  brown  pacing  mare,  Skyland  Girl,  who  was 
campaigned  with  success  on  Maryland,  Virginia  and 
North  Carolina  tracks  for  several  seasons  prior  to  the 
present  one  by  George  P.  Dyer,  who  then  trained  at 
Winston  and  Greensboro,  N.  C,  but  later  shifted 
operations  to  Roanoke  and  Lynchburg,  Va.,  is  in 
good  form  again  this  year,  and  made  a  new  record 
of  2:15:|:  in  a  winning  race  of  four  heats  at  Goshen, 
N.  Y.,  last  month.  Skyland  Girl  was  bred  by  the 
estate  of  the  late  W.  H,  Wilson,  Cynthiaua,  Ky.,  but 
was  foaled  the  property  of  the  wealthy  tobacconist, 
R.  J.  Reynolds,  of  Winston,  N.  C.  She  Avas  sired 
by  Simmons,  a  great  son  of  George  Wilkes,  dam  the 
once  famous  trotting  mare,  Mamie  Woods,  2 :20,  by 
Woods'  Hambletonian.  Mamie  Woods  was  pur- 
chased in  Xentucky  by  Mr.  Reynolds  while  carrying 
Skyland  Girl  in  utero  and  after  the  latter  was  drop- 
ped the  roan  mare  was  bred  to  Baronet,  2  :ll:f,  and 
other  sires  of  more  or  less  note. 
Jt     s     jA 

The  bay  mare  Lady  Olga,  5,  15 :1,  by  Fesler,  own- 
ed by  Secretai-y  L.  S.  Ricketts,  of  the  Orange  Horse 
Show  Association,  Orange,  Va.,  was  a  frequent  win- 
ner both  at  the  Orange  and  Charlottesville  Horse 
Shows.  She  was  shown  in  the  ladies'  park  saddle, 
the  park  saddle,  and  combined  saddle  and  harness 
horse  classes,  and  captured  several  blue  ribbons. 

One  of  the  best  bred  and  young  stallions  owned  in 
North  Carolina  is  the  bay  colt  Agiiel,  three  years  old, 
in  the  stud  of  Ben.  W.  Southerland,  of  Mt.  Olive. 


644 


THE  SOUTHERJT  PLANTER. 


[October 


This  colt  was  bred  by  L.  E.  Tarlton,  of  Lexington, 
K_v.,  and  sired  by  Guardsman,  dam  the  great  brood 
mare  Zeta,  dam  of  Miss  l^Aike,  2  :13,  etc.,  by  Red 
Wilkes.  Agnel  is  of  fine  size  and  promises  to  make 
not  only  a  trotter,  but  a  show  horse  as  well.  Mr. 
Sontherland  will  have  his  speed  developed  and  later 
retire  him  to  the  stnd,  where  he  should  prove  a  suc- 
cess and  accomplish  much  toward  improving  the 
stock  in  the  section  to  which  he  has  been  taken. 

The  well  known  Virginian,  General  William  T. 
Townes,  whose  headquarters  are  with  the  .Vmerican 
Tobacco  Company,  New  York  city,  but  who  spends 
most  of  his  leisure  time  at  his  stud  farm,  near  Char- 
lottesville, Va.,  has  recently  purchased  the  Bradford 
place,  near  Cul])eper,  Va.,  where  he  intends  keeping 
his  thoroughbred  horses.  For  years  past  General 
Townes  has  been  quietly  collecting  a  band  of  brood 
mares,  and  now  owns  some  of  the  choicest  specimens 
in  the  State,  which,  during  several  seasons  past,  have 
been  bred  to  sires  of  note  in  Kentucky  and  Virginia. 
A  recent  addition  to  the  General's  stud  is  the  chestnut 
mare  Amulet,  purchased  from  Harry  C.  Beattie,  of 
Richmond,  Va.  Amulet  was  sired  by  King  Bolt, 
dam  Ecliptic,  by  imp.  Eclipse,  and  she  out  of  the 
famous  Nina,  by  Boston. 

Captain  R.  F.  Landon,  who  has  a  fine  farm  near 
Cobb's  Creek,  iVfathews  eoimty,  Va.,  is  the  largest 
breeder  of  trotters  and  pacers  in  his  section.  He 
owns  a  select  band  of  brood  mares,  and  for  a  couple  of 
seasons  past  has  bred  to  the  good  sire  Letcher,  2  :18f , 
by  Director,  2  .•17-|,  the  famous  son  of  Dictator.  Some 
of  the  choicesi  youngsters  on  the  Landon  farm  are  by 
Letcher.  Among  the  well  bred  matrons  in  this  stud 
is  a  mare  by  Pretender.  Her  first,  second  and  third 
dams  are  producers,  and  right  back  of  them  comes 
the  noted  Waterwitch,  dam  of  five  in  the  list,  by 
Pilot,  Jr. 

The  Virginia  bred  trotter.  Gold  Bur,  2:13:^,  by 
Bursar,  2  -.111,  dam  Bertie,  dam  of  Lamp  Girl,  2  :09, 
by  Signet,  is  highly  thought  of  by  his  owner,  W.  H. 
Essery,  of  New  York  city,  for  whom  he  has  shown  a 
trial  in  2 :10\  this  season.  Mr.  Essery  expects  to 
campaign  this  handsome  chestnut  gelding  in  1904, 
and  looks  for  him  to  trot  to  a  record  of  2  :10  or  better. 

Harry  C.  Beattie,  vice-president  of  the  Richmond 
Horse  Show  Associatiem,  M.  F.  H.  of  the  Deep  Run 
Hunt  Club,  and  equally  well  known  as  owner,  breeder 
and  hiir=<>  show  cxliil)itor,  has  quite  a  stable  of  hunt- 
ers, junijiers  and  high-stepping  harness  horses  at 
Blooniingdale  Farm.  One  of  the  best  known  mem- 
beis  of  the  Bloomingdale  stable  is  the  chestnut  geld- 
ing Buck,  by  Rover,  the  son  of  Abd  El  Kader.  Tn 
the  most  select  company  this  horse  has  been  a  winner 


at  Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Atlantic  City, 
Richmond  and  other  big  shows.  In  the  class  for 
ladies'  hunters  at  Richmond  in  1901  this  unsexed 
son  of  Ro^'er  captured  the  blue  ribbon  with  Mrs. 
.'Vllen  Potts  up  and  did  some  sensational  work.  Other 
members  of  this  string  that  promise  to  develop  into 
performers  of  real  class  are  Blizzard,  chestnut  geld- 
ing, -t,  by  Blitzen,  the  "Iron  Horse,"  a  couple  of  un- 
named geldings,  both  heavy  weights,  one  being  a 
chestnut,  fi,  by  Abd  El  Kader,  Jr.,  and  the  other  a 
bay,  6,  by  Heimdal,  dam  by  John  Happy,  and  a 
toppy  looking  bay  mare,  4,  by  Blitzen.  The  thor- 
oughbred division  includes  North  Anna,  chestnut 
mare,  5,  by  Blitzen,  dam  Gloriana,  by  Bend  Or,  her 
full  sister,  an  unnamed  chestnut  filly,  4,  a  chestnut 
colt,  2,  by  Blitzen,  dam  Amulet,  by  dam  Bolt,  and  the 
bay  colt.  2,  full  brother  to  North  Anna. 

A  Virginia  bred  horse  deserving  of  more  than  pass- 
ing mention  as  a  sire  of  hunters  and  jumpers  is  the 
chestnut  stallion  Abd  El  Kader,  Jr.,  who  was  for- 
merly Icnown  aTid  raced  uuder  the  name  of  Aeronaut, 
and  sired  by  Abd  El  Kader,  the  thoroughbred  son  of 
imp.  Australian.  His  dam  was  Nina,  by  Senator, 
second  dam  by  Richmond,  third  dam  by  Bethune, 
thus  making  him  probably  three-quarters  thorough- 
bred at  least.  Abd  El  Kader,  Jr.,  was  bred  by  Geo. 
Turner,  of  King  William  county,  Va.,  and  foaled 
1882,  hence  the  chestnut  stallion  has  reached  the 
sere  and  yellow,  but  is  remarkably  well  preserved 
and  yet  vigorous.  At  four  years  old  he  passed  to 
James  R.  Branch  and  Branch  Cunningham,  both  of 
this  city,  and  later  to  Fred.  W.  Scott,  now  of  the 
banking  house  of  Scott  and  Stringfellow.  From  Mr. 
Scott  the  son  of  Abd  El  Kader  went  to  Edmund 
Ruffin,  whose  stud  in  Hanover  county  he  ruled  as 
premier  for  years.  Since  then  the  horse  has  been 
owned  by  N.  J.  Cnill,  of  this  city,  from  whom  he 
passed  to  Thomas  Winston,  of  Louisa  coiinty,  and 
from  him  to  his  present  o^vners,  J.  B.  McComb  and 
Brother,  of  the  Glen  Cove  Farm,  Somerset,  Va.  Tn 
his  prime  Abd  El  Kader,  Jr.,  was  a  horse  of  remark- 
able beauty  and  finish,  while  he  could  take  up  weight 
and  run  fast  both  on  the  flat  and  across  country.  In 
the  stud  his  work  has  been  of  a  most  satisfactory 
nature,  Ijecause  he  has  sired  some  of  the  best  hunters 
and  jumpers  ever  sent  out  from  Virginia,  and  as  he 
is  still  vigorous  and  likely  to  be  for  years  yet,  I  look 
for  others  of  this  sort  to  spring  from  his  loins.  Meet- 
ing with  James  B.  McComb,  one  of  his  owners,  at 
Charlottesville,  he  informed  me  that  Abd  El  Kader 
carried  him  through  a  stiff  hunt  in  January  last,  and 
that  the  old  stallion  finished  strong,  certainly  a  re- 
markable exhibition  of  stamina  and  coiirage  in  a 
horse  of  his  age,  but  the  .Vbd  El  Kaders  are  a  long 
lived  tribe,  and  this  scion  of  the  family  ably  sup- 
ports its  claims  to  longevity.  Broad  Rock. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


645 


Miscellaneous. 


SELECTING  SEED. 


Editor  Southern  Planter: 

The  old  maxim,  "As  the  seed,  so  will  the  harvest 
be,"  is  perhaps  nowhere  so  clearly  demonstrated  as 
in  farm  crops.  As  a  rnle,  farmers  pay  entirely  too 
little  attention  to  this,  one  of  the  most  important  steps 
in  farm  prodiiction. 

Not  one  of  lis  would  think  of  breeding  onr  animals 
without  some  particular  object  in  view,  and  to  obtain 
■  this  object  we  would  select  with  care,  for  breeding 
purposes,  the  animals  which  would  likely  reproduce 
the  type  we  desired.  We  would  consider  the  size, 
shape,  symmetry  of  build,  rate  of  growth,  capacity 
for  producing  beef,  milk  or  pork,  as  the  case  might 
be,  and  any  other  features  we  may  wish  to  see  repro- 
duced. Then  after  breeding  we  would  expect  the 
ofl'spring  to  represent  that  which  we  beheld  in  our 
mind's  eye. 

Now,  what  is  true  in  raising  animals,  is  also  true 
in  raising  the  ordinary  farm  crops.  By  carefully  se- 
lecting the  seed,  keeping  always  in  mind  the  type  of 
plant  and  kernel  which  will  give  a  large  yield,  we 
may  greatly  improve  the  quality  and  quantity  of  our 
crops.  This  fact  is  forcibly  illustrated  in  the  pro- 
duction of  sugar  from  beets.  The  Germans  have,  by 
seed  selection,  increased  the  average  yield  of  siigar 
from  five  per  cent,  to  an  average  of  eighteen  per 
cent.  .\t  Kleinwanzleben,  the  great  sugar  beet  seed 
plantation  of  Germany,  the  selection  of  beets  for  the 
production  of  seed  receives  the  minutest  attention. 
This  selection  begins  in  the  field.  The  tops  must 
conform  to  a  certain  type  of  development,  then  the 
beets  themselves  pass  under  the  eye  of  an  inspector, 
and  those  not  perfect  in  size  and  shape  are  discarded. 
Those  which  come  up  to  the  standard  in  this  selec- 
tion are  then  taken  to  the  laboratory  and  a'  core  is 
withdrawn  from  each  beet  and  analyzed.  Again  the 
ones  which  do  not  contain  a  certain  per  cent,  of  sugar 
are  thrown  out.  Thus  the  seed  are  produced  from 
absolutely  perfect  beets,  and,  consequently,  the  in- 
crease in  yield  of  sugar  is  more  than  three  times. 

Any  farmer  in  the  State  may,  at  almost  no  expense 
and  very  little  inconvenience,  bring  his  cereal  crops 
to  a  high  state  of  perfection. 

Well  selected  seed  from  a  crop  on  the  farm  will 
have  the  advantage  of  similar  environment  year  after 
year.  The  soil,  climate  and  treatment  will  be  about 
the  same,  and  then  the  farmer  has  the  opportunity  to 
adapt  the  type  and  quality  to  his  special  needs  and 


uses,  besides  the  educational  value  of  watching  his 
crops  and  the  pleasure  of  seeing  the  improvement 
from  one  year  to  the  next  cannot  be  estimated.  Then 
every  farmer  will  be  his  own  seed  grower,  making  a 
specialty  of  the  strains  best  adapted  to  his  own  pur- 
poses. 

In  order  to  do  this  successfully,  one  must  have  in 
his  mind  a  standard  type  of  high  quality,  and  plant 
no  seed  which  does  not  come  up  to  this  standard. 

Let  us  take,  for  example,  corn,  a  very  easy  crop  to 
improve  both  in  yield  and  quality.  The  selection  of 
seed  should  begin  in  the  iield.  Here  the  general 
grovrth  of  stalk  can  be  taken  into  consideration, 
height,  size,  amount  of  fodder,  position  of  ear  on 
stalk,  or  better,  if  there  are  two  ears,  and  maturity. 
In  other  words,  the  plant  must  conform  to  your 
standard  type  of  gro^vth.  After  husking,  the  ears 
are  subjected  to  a  critical  examination.  First  select 
a  perfect  car  as  a  type  for  comparison.  This  applies 
to  the  size,  shape  and  color  of  ear  and  kernel;  the 
arrangement,  number  and  space  between  the  rows; 
the  indentation  of  the  kernel ;  the  filling  out  at  butt 
and  the  tip ;  color  and  size  of  cob. 

The  cylindrical  form  of  ear  is  preferable  to  the 
tapering,  since  the  tapering,  if  it  have  much  taper, 
results  from  the  dropping  of  a  row  or  more  of  ker- 
nels, and  means,  of  course,  a  smaller  proportion  of 
corn  to  cob.  The  closer  we  keep  to  the  cylindrical 
ear  the  greater  the  amount  of  corn  the  ear  will  carry. 

The  shape  of  kernel  has  much  to  do  with  tbe 
amount  of  grain  a  given  size  cob  will  carry.  The 
jireferable  shape  is  the  long  or  medium  wedge.  The 
circumference  of  the  ear  being  two  or  three  times  the 
circumference  of  the  cob,  it  is  obvious  that  the  wedge 
shaped  kernel  is  the  only  kernel  that  will  shell  the 
maximum  amount  of  corn. 

Number  of  roAvs  on  the  ear  and  the  furrows  be- 
tween the  rows  should  be  taken  into  consideration  in 
the  selection  of  seed.  A  perfect  ear  of  corn  has  not 
only  a  goodly  number  of  rows  made  up  of  wedge 
shaped  kernels  of  good  length,  but  these  rows,  crowd- 
ing the  shank  at  the  butt,  should  run  parallel  with 
the  cob  well  to  the  tip,  covering  entirely  the  point  of 
the  cob.  Ears  containing  short  or  imperfect  rows, 
or  which  do  not  conform  to  the  standard  type,  should 
be  discarded. 

By  this  steady  method  of  improvement  Illinois 
farmers  have  increased  the  average  yield  per  acre  of 
corn  during  the  ten  years  between  1890  and  1900, 
22.8  per  cent,  over  the  average  yield  between  1880 


646 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[October 


and  1890.  In  Indiana  the  increase  in  yield  during 
the  last  decade  over  the  preceding  one  was  12.8  per 
cent,  per  acre. 

\Vhy  cannot  Virginia  farmers  do  as  well,  even  bet- 
tor ?  Here  corn  has  been  given  as  an  illustration,  but 
the  other  crops  g^o^\^l  on  the  farm  can  be  improved 
just  as  well  as  corn.  The  time  has  come  when  labor 
and  other  conditions  are  such  that  it  will  pay  us  to 
attend  to  these  important  features  of  production. 

Meade  Ferguson. 

Experiment  Station,  Blaclcsburg,  Ya. 


BULLETINS  FROM  THE  VIRGINIA  EXPERIMENT 

STATION. 
Editor  Southern  Planter: 

I  have  long  believed  that  some  of  the  bulletins  is- 
sued by  tliis  Experiment  Station  might  have  been 
very  much  better,  and  consequently  of  more  decided 
benefit  to  the  Virginia  farmer.  Of  course,  the  same 
might  be  said  of  bulletins  from  some  other  stations. 
While  it  is  no  desirable  thing  to  be  considered  a 
critic,  still  a  few  friendly  comments  and  suggestions 
on  these  bulletins  in  a  State  agricultural  journal  may 
not  be  out  of  place.  After  being  in  charge  of  some 
experiments  at  an  experiment  station  for  ten  years, 
and  writing  eleven  bulletins,  I  am  familiar  with 
many  of  the  trials  and  difficulties  with  which  an  ex- 
perimenter has  often  to  contend.  T  am  firmly  con- 
vinced that  one  of  the  greatest  difficulties  the  average 
Station  officer  has  to  encounter  in  the  United  States 
is  that  of  trying  to  fill  two  offices  and  carry  on  ex- 
periments at  the  same  time.  Each  line  of  work  is 
widely  different  from  the  other,  and  it  is  almost  im- 
possible for  one  man  to  be  a  good  college  man  and  a 
good  station  man  at  the  same  time.  I  long  to  see 
the  day  when  station  work  will  be  separated  from 
colleffe  work,  as  far  as  possible,  to  be  consistent  with 
the  organic  law.  When  a  college  professor  is  crowd- 
ed with  teaching  he  sometimes  feels  forced  to  write 
an  essay  on  some  farm  topic,  publish  it  in  pamphlet- 
form,  and  cnll  it  bulletin  No.  100.  Almost  any  in 
telligent  farmer  could  buy  a  book  for  $1.00  and  write 
fifty  such  so-called  bulletins.  Such  bulletins  injure 
experiment  station  influence.  A  few  bulletins  i=;- 
sued  by  the  Virginia  Experiment  Station  are  whollv 
exempt  from  such  criticism,  and  T  am  glad  to  note 
have  given  entire  satisfaction. 

T  would  like  to  see  each  bulletin  issued  be  made 
as  nearly  complete  on  each  subject  as  possible.  The 
farmers  will  think  more  of  them  and  take  better  care 
of  them.     Numbers  count  for  nothing.     Four  good 


bulletins  a  year  are  all  a  station  should  be  expected 
to  publish. 

I  notice  Bulletin  No.  132,  dated  January,  1902, 
which  was  wTitten  April  28,  1903.  In  other  words, 
the  idea  might  be  conveyed  to  the  farmer  that  the 
station  was  publishing  bulletins  more  than  a  year 
before  they  were  written.  The  value  of  that  bulle- 
tin to  the  public  is  injured  by  dating  it  back  in  order 
to  keep  up  with  "monthly  bulletins."  I  would  like 
to  see  tlie  excellent  series  of  bulletins  on  "Orchard 
Studies"  now  being  published  in  small  pamphlet 
form,  be  put  in  one  volume,  and  with  a  good  paper 
binding.  The  farmer  could  easily  file  them  away  ^ 
in  his  library  then  for  "ready  reference." 

Bulletin  No.  131  is  a  valuable  number  on  "Reme- 
dial Measures  Against  San  Jose  Scale."  All  or- 
chardists  and  nurserymen  who  desire  information  on 
this  subject  should  send  for  this  bulletin,  and  be  pre- 
pared to  fight  this  insect  during  the  coming  winter. 

Bulletin  No.  145  gives  some  results  of  experiments 
with  forage  plants.  Among  the  niunber  are  tests  of 
a  few  cow  peas  in  reference  to  their  yield.  I  would 
like  to  see  the  Agricultural  Department  broaden  its 
work  with  leguminous  plants,  especially  with  refer- 
ence to  their  value  as  improvers  of  much  of  the  worn- 
out  soil  of  the  State.  Include  the  various  clovers, 
peas  and  beans.  Make  various  tests  with  soil  in- 
oculation with  the  bateria  peculiar  to  each  legume. 
Studv  the  plants  in  reference  to  their  habits,  soils, 
yield,  seedage,  etc. 

Bulletin  No.  144  deals  with  stock  and  poultry 
powders,  or  condimental  foods.  This  is  a  most 
timely  subject  for  the  Agricultural  Department  to 
take  up,  and  the  bulletin  is  interesting  as  far  as  it 
goes.  T  would  like  to  see  the  station  make  some 
actual  tests  with  these  different  foods  to  bring  out 
their  value  or  lack  of  value  more  forcibly  before  the 
public.  The  sale  of  these  foods  is  increasing  in  the 
State.     . 

Bulletin  No.  121  is  on  steer  feeding.  Results  of 
tests  with  hay,  corn,  corn  meal,  silage,  cotton  seed 
meal  and  bran  are  given  ;  lx)th  singly  and  in  combina- 
tion. Two  steers  in  each  lot  were  fed.  T  would  like 
also  to  see  this  work  broadened.  Would  like  to  see 
at  least  four  steers  in  each  lot,  and  after  the  feeding 
tests  have  the  animals  slaughtered  and  the  beef  passed 
on  by  an  expert.  Some  good  illustrations  would  help 
the  bulletin  immensely. 

The  conclusions  of  this  bulletin  are  interesting, 
and  are  here  given  : 

1.  A  combination  of  foods,  both  grain  and  rough- 
age, is  best  from  every  standpoint. 


1903.] 


THE  SOIITHEEN  PLANTER. 


647 


2.  Ground  corn  better  than  whole  com  after  it  has 
become  hard. 

3.  A  mixture  of  corn  meal  and  bran  gave  greatest 
gain,  and  with  least  expense  per  pound. 

4.  Cotton  seed  meal  was  not,  in  these  experiments, 
used  with  success,  due,  at  least  in  part,  to  the  fact 
that  in  former  years  the  steers  had  not  become  accus- 
tomed to  it. 

5.  Silage  was  a  very  economical  addition  to  the 
roughage. 

6.  Stover  gave  bad  showing  when  used  without 
other  roughage. 

I  may  add  that  in  this  county  steers  are  often  win- 
tered (frequently  not  economically)  by  feeding 
either  hay  or  dry  corn  fodder,  and  letting  the  cattle 
,have  access  to  a  blue  grass  sod.  Sometimes  whole 
corn  and  fodder  are  fed,  and  hogs  gather  up  what  i 
left  by  the  cattle. 

During  last  winter  I  fed  ten  steers  on  dry  corn 
fodder  for  two  months,  and  then  fed  good  timothy 
hay  for  two  months.  The  steers  had  access  to  a  bliu 
grass  sod.  T  was  surprised  to  note  that  they  dirl 
better  while  eating  the  fodder.  K.  H.  Prtci:. 

Montgomery  Co.,  Ya. 


MOTORS  AND  METHODS  OF  MOVING  FARM  PRO- 
DUCTS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

The  farmers  of  the  United  States,  in  diiferent  por- 
tions thereof,  make  use  of  five  separate  and  distinct 
motors  in  transporting  the  products  of  the  farm  to 
market.     Here  they  are — viz: 
Air, 
Tide, 
Horse, 
Steam, 
Electricity. 
If  there  are  other  methods  than  the  above,  I  shall 
be  glad  to  hear  of  the  same,  and  revise  the  list  ac- 
cordingly. 

The  nir  is  used  when  produce  is  sent  from  farm  to 
market  in  little  sailing  vessels.  The  tide,  where  the 
tidal  current  is  used  to  float  the  farm  produce  down 
to  a  central  point  or  market  in  boats  built  for  that 
purpose.  The  tide,  in  this  case,  being  the  only  motor 
used. 

The  wind  and  the  tide  are  the  cheapest  motors  in 
existence.  The  farmers  of  Eastern  Virginia  use 
both  these  motors  extensively.  They  are  the  oldest 
motors  in  existence,  because  long  before  man  was,  the 
air  and  tide  were  both  in  existence. 


sea" — salt  water  filled  with  fish  and  oysters,  and  on 
these  "arms" — aggregregating  in  length  thousands 
of  miles  of  water  transportation,  the  little  sailing 
vessels  are  used  for  fish,  oysters,  clams  and  crabs  in 
their  season,  and  for  farm  products  the  rest  of  the 
year. 

The  third  motor  in  the  list — the  horse — is  in  gen- 
eral use  throTighout  the  United  States.  More  than 
ninety-five  per  cent,  of  the  farmers  of  the  United 
States  depend  upon  the  horse  to  get  their  farm  pro- 
diicts  to  local  markets. 

At  the  locnl  market,  steam,  the  fourth  power  on 
the  list,  takes  up  the  work,  and  the  "long  haul"  to 
market  is  by  steam  railway.  In  other  words,  ninety- 
five  per  cent,  of  the  farmers  of  the  United  States  de- 
pend upon  horse  power  and  steam  power  to  get  their 
produce  from  producer  to  consumer. 

Eastern  Virginia  farmers,  while  using  the  wind 
and  tide  as  "motors,"  also  use  the  horse;  hauling  mil- 
lions of  dollars'  worth  of  soil  products  by  horse 
power  to  market  over  at  least  ele^'en  of  the  finest 
turnpikes  (shell  roads)  in  the  world ;  said  turn])ikes 
centering  in  this  harbor  and  penetrating  all  portions 
of  the  trucking  belt  of  Eastern  Virginia. 

We  may  therefore  say  that  nearly  all  the  farmers 
use  the  horse  and  also  steam  power  in  moving  their 
farm  products  to  market;  they  use  one  or  the  other 
or  both. 

Then  comes  electricity,  the  fifth  and  crowning  "mo- 
tor" of  the  age.  Only  a  few  sections  as  yet  are  so 
favorably  located  as  to  be  able  to  use  the  electric 
"motor"  in  sending  their  farm  products  to  market. 

Eastern  Virginia  is  one  section  thus  favored,  and 
no  less  than  nine  electric  lines  of  railway  are  push- 
ing out  into  the  "trucking  belt."  around  this  city  in 
all  directions. 

So  the  Norfolk  section  is  using  all  these  motors — 
air,  tide,  horse,  steam  and  electricity.  Then,  too, 
the  ISTorfolk  section  has  still  another  point  in  its 
favor.  Steam  is  used  in  two  ways  to  transport  the 
soil  products  of  Eastern  Virginia  to  nearly  ten  mil- 
lion consumers — the  steamboat  and  the  steam  railway. 
The  boats  and  railways  are  in  healthy  competi- 
tion, which  keeps  freight  rates  down  to  a  very  reason- 
able and  favorable  point,  favorable  to  the  producer. 

The  freight  rate  here  is  lower  than  is  enjoyed  by 
the  farmers  of  any  other  portion  of  the  United  States. 
In  the  struggle  for  existence  eventually  to  come, 
caused  by  over-production  or  under-consumption 
(either  or  both)  the  "fittest  will  survive."  The  sec- 
tions best  fitted  by  nature,  having  the  b«st  soil  and 
climate,  the  cheapest  access  to  the  best  and  largest 
markets,  will  stand  the  strain  and  "continue  to  do 


Eastern  Virginia  is  a  network  of  "arms  of  the  business  at  the  old  stand." 


648 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAXTER 


[October 


"Motors"  are  important,  especially  important  mat- 
ters for  the  farmer.  Roads  and  motors  are  ira 
portant  factors  in  the  farming  world.  The  "motors' 
are  all  right,  but  the  roads  of  most  sections  can  be 
greatly  improved.  A.  Jeffebs. 

Norfollc,  Va.,  August  17,  1903. 


SEED  WHEAT. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Ever}-  provident  farmer  has  provided  for  clean 
wheat  of  the  kind  best  adapted  to  his  land.  But  as 
usual,  careless  farmers  have  not.  The  condition  of 
their  grain  is  not  tit  for  seed,  and  barely  will  pass  for 
"merchantable"  on  the  market.  Complaint  is  made 
by  that  class  of  the  price  of  wheat.  They  fail  to  ob- 
serve that  their  "filthy  wheat"  has  in  its  measure 
about  one-fifth  per  cent,  of  "vile  stuff"  unfit  for 
bread,  and  hence  are  offered  20  per  cent,  less  than  the 
price  of  pure  wheat.  Now  is  the  time  to  prevent  a 
recurrence  of  that  heavy  loss  on  the  crop  of  next  har- 
vest. Why  continiie  this  miserable  folly,  not  to  say 
insanity  ?  While  the  business  farmer  is,  with  a 
pleasant  face,  receiving  $1  for  his  pure  seed  wheat; 
the  drowsy  fellow  stands  picking  his  finger  nails  de- 
murely considering  his  "hard  lot."  He  has  neg- 
lected the  truth :  "Whatsoever  a  man  soweth  that  shall 
he  reap." 

All  the  social  combines  will  not  help  the  sloven 
farmer.  Associations  have  been  formed  to  advan- 
tage, but  they  require  everything  to  be  of  good  qual- 
ity and  order,  which  is  to  be  sold  under  their  super- 
vision. The  cai-eless  or  dishonest  packer  cannot  en- 
ter the  associations.  Gentlemen,  let  tis  turn  over  a 
new  leaf.  Be  good  farmers  or  not  at  all.  Do  not 
disgrace  the  occupation.     Elevate  the  standard. 

Augusta  Co.,  Va.  Old  Man. 


COW  PEAS  IN  TIDEWATER,  VA. 

Edilur  Southern  Planter: 

Recently  a  friend  sent  to  our  ottice  two  cow  pea 
pods,  one  of  which  was  thirty-three  in<:hes  long,  and 
contained  twenty  ])eas.  He  reported  that  he  had  had 
pods  Ihiriy-six  inches  long,  just  a  yard  long,  or  thi'ee 
feet  in  length. 

Surely  Virginia  is  great  on  the  "legiimes,"  or  we 
may  say  "lonq"  on  pea  pods.  But  what  does  nature 
mean  anyhow  in  forming  and  developing  a  great  long 
fine  looking  pod  three  feet  or  so  in  length,  and  then 
putting  only  twenty  peas  in  it,  when  there  is  room 
enough  for  forty  or  more '? 

What  does  nature  mean  in  creating  a  great  big  six 
foot,  broad  shouldered  man,  and  omitting  to  fill  him 
with  good  thoughts,  words  and  deeds  ?     Why  does 


nature  allow,  encourage  or  {permit  such  a  great  big 
sliow,  such  a  big  blow  and  bluff  and  blarney  just  to 
cover  and  to  hide  or  to  develop  a  very  few  mean 
"measley"  words,  ideas,  thoughts  and  deeds  ? 

Why  so  much  pod,  why  so  few  peas?  We  were 
surprised  at  a  pea  pod  thirty-three  inches  long,  but 
we  were  sadly  disappointed  at  the  small  number  of 
peas  therein.  It  is  always  thus.  The  man  with  few 
ideas  (peas)  in  his  head  (pod),  but  who  dresses  well, 
]uits  on  style,  and  has  plenty  of  cheek,  is  always  over- 
estimated and  apparently  very  highly  appreciated, 
but  when  we  come  to  shuck  him  we  find  too  much  of 
empty  show,  too  much  empty  pod,  and  too  few  ideas 
(]>eas). 

Nature  starts  out  well  with  some,  makes  a  great 
l)ig  show,  a  great  big  pod,  and  then  fails  to  properly 
fill  the  pod  with  peas,  the  head  with  ideas. 

Who  can  report  a  pea  pod  longer  than  three  feet? 
\Vho  can  show  a  single  pod  with  more  than  twenty 
peas  in  it  ?  Who  can  tell  us  how  to  grow  forty  peas 
in  a  three  foot  pod  instead  of  twenty  ?  Who  can 
make  two  blades  of  grass  grow  where  but  one  grew 
before?  A.  Jeffees. 

Norfollc,  Va. 


FALL  PLANTING  OF  IRISH  POTATOES. 

For  several  years  past  experiments  have  been  made 
in  the  Eastern  and  Southern  parts  of  this  State  and  in 
the  Eastern  sections  of  North  and  Soiith  Carolina  in 
planting  Irish  potatoes  in  late  November  and  in  De- 
cember, and  we  have  reports  from  a  number  of  these 
which  go  to  show  that  the  crop  can  be  successfully 
gi-own  in  this  way  if  the  sets  are  properly  planted. 
As  it  is  desirable  to  lessen  the  pressure  of  work  in  the 
spring  by  any  means  which  can  be  successfully  adopt- 
ed, we  describe  the  method  followed  in  planting  these 
potatoes,  and  suggest  that  growers  in  the  sections 
named  should  give  the  plan  a  trial.  Select  a  piece  of 
dry,  sandv  loam  land  and  lay  off  the  rows  three  feet 
apart  after  breaking  the  land  deep  and  working  it 
fine.  Run  the  plow  twice  in  each  row,  thus  throwing 
out  the  soil  to  a  good  depth.  Scatter  a  good  potato 
fertilizer  in  the  bottom  of  the  furrow  and  run  the  cul- 
tivator through  it  to  mix  it  with  the  soil.  Then  drop 
the  sets  the  usual  distance  apart  and  cover  lightly 
with  soil.  On  the  top  of  the  soil  put  a  good  covering 
of  farm  yard  manure  and  plow  onto  this  a  furrow 
from  each  side,  thus  making  a  ridge  over  the  sets. 
Early  in  the  spring  run  a  harrow  over  the  rows  to 
level  down  the  ridges  somewhat.  If  the  potatoes 
should  push  through  before  danger  of  hard  frost  is 
past,  plow  a  light  furrow  onto  them  as  soon  as  they 
are  seen. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


649 


THE 


Southern  Planter 


PUBLISHED  BY 


RICHMOND,    VA. 

Issued  on  1st  of  each  Month. 


J.  F.  JACKSON, 
Editor  and  General  Manager. 

B.  MORGAN  SHEPHERD, 
Business  Manager. 


TERMS  FOR  ADVERTISING. 
Rate  card   furnished  on  application. 


TERMS  FOR  SUBSCRIPTION. 

THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER  is  mailed  to 
BUbscrlbers  in  the  United  States  and  Canada 
at  50c.  per  annum;  all  foreign  countries  and 
the  city  of  Richmond,  75c. 

REMITTANCES  should  be  made  direct  to 
this  oiTiee,  either  by  Registered  Letter  or 
Money  Order,  which  will  be  at  our  risk.  When 
made  otherwise  we  cannot  be  responsible. 

ALWAYS  GIVE  THE  NAME  of  the  Post- 
Office  to  which  your  paper  is  sent.  Your 
name  cannot  be  found  on  our  books  unless 
this  Is  done. 

WE  INVITE  FARMERS  to  write  us  on  any 
agricultural  topic.  We  are  always  pleased  to 
receive  practical  articles.  Criticism  of  Arti- 
cles, Suggestions  How  to  Improve  THE 
PLANTER,  Descriptions  of  New  Grains, 
Roots,  or  Vegetables  not  generally  known. 
Particulars  of  Experiments  tried,  or  Improved 
Methods  of  Cultivation  are  each  and  all  wel- 
come. Contributions  sent  us  must  not  be 
furnished  other  papers  until  after  they  have 
appeared  in  our  columns.  Rejected  matter 
will  be  returned  on  receipt  of  postage. 

SUBSCRIBERS  failing  to  receive  their  paper 
promptly  and  regularly,  will  confer  a  favor 
by  reporting  the  fact  at  once. 

THE  DATE  ON  YOUR  LABEL  shows  to 
what  time  your  subscription  is  paid. 

NO  ANONYMOUS  communications  or  en- 
quiries will  receive  attention. 

Address—  THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 

RICHMOND,   VA. 


DETAIL  INDEX  TO  ENQUIRER' 
COLUMN. 

Japan  Clover   

Hairy  Vetcli,  Winter  Vetch 

Lame  Horse   

Texas  Fever  Ticlvs  

Inoculatin.s:  Cattle  for  Texas  Fever. 

Grafting  

Tall  Meadow  Oat  Grass 

Fall  and  Winter  Plowing 

Smut  on  Corn — Grass  for  Name.. 

Peed  for  Youn.?  Pigs 

Protecting  Peas  and  Beans  from 
Weevil    

Cheese-Making — Sick  Hog   

Plowing  Down  Peas  

Calves  Dying   

Fertilizers  for  Tobacco.  Tomatoes 
and  Wheat 

Canada  Peas — Crops  for  Bog  Pas- 
tures— Rape    

Hair  on  Horse's  Tails 

Fertilizer  Requirements  of  Crops. 

Transplating  Trees   

Hog  Husbandry  in  the  South 


PUBLISHER'S  NOTES. 


TO    ADVERTISERS. 


All  advertisements  and  matter 
pertaining  to  advertising  must 
reach  iis  by  the  25th  of  each 
month.     Please  bear  this  in  mind. 


Advertisers'  Experience. 

A  coui:)le  of  onr  advertisers  met 
in  our  office  the  other  day  and 
swelled  our  heads  enormously 
about  the  great  results  they  get 
from  their  advertising  with  ns. 
]\Ir.  W.  G.  Owens,  a  C'uroe-Jersey 
and  Poland  China  man,  and  Mr. 
J.  T.  Oliver,  a  Berkshire  breeder, 
were  the  parties.  The  way  Mr. 
Owens  talked  about  jnst  refusing 
$4.5  for  a  Duroc  sow,  and  the  ease 
and  rapidity  with  which  Mr. 
Oliver  disposes  of  his  3  and  4 
weeks'  old  pigs  for  $5,  made  us 
want  to  get  back  in  the  business  in 
a  hui-ry.  Both  of  these  gentlemen 
liave  fine  stock,  all  pure  bred,  and 
we  do  not  blame  our  readers  for 
keeping  them  sold  down  so  closel.y. 

Along  in  the  mails  the  same  day 
came  letters  from  Judge  Matthews, 
of  Big  Stone  Gap ;  Dr.  French,  of 
Washington,  and  E.  M.  Gillet  & 
Son,  of  Glencoe,  Md.,  all  praising 
the  Southern  Planter  as  an  ad- 
vertising medium  in  the  highest 
terms.  The  first  says :  "I  received 
very  good  retTirns  from  my  adver- 
tisement" ;  the  second  writes : 
"Your  journal  still  leads  all  others 
I  am  using  in  jDroducing  results, 
and  I  can  honestly  recommend  it 
as  a  tip-top  advertising  medium." 
Friend  Gillet  gives  a  list  of  recent 
sales  and  adds:  ''The  Southern 
Planter  has  the  credit  of  the 
Hereford  sales." 

Five  such  rattling  good  testi- 
monials in  one  day  is  a  record  of 
which  Ave  are  very  proud.  We 
take  great  pleasure  in  asking  the 
attention  of  some  "doubtful  adver- 
tisins:  Thomases"  to  this  brief  note. 


Wood's  Seeds 

FOR  FALL  SOWING. 

Farmers  and  Gardeners  who  de- 
sire the  latest  and  fullest  informa- 
tion about 

Vegetable  and  Farm  Seeds 

should  write  for  Wood's  New 
Fall  Catalogue.  It  tells  all  about 
the  fall  planting  of  Lettuce,  Cab- 
bage and  othfr  Vegetable  crops 

which  are  proving  so  profitable  to 
southern  growers.     Also  about 

CrimsoQ  Clover,   Vetches, 

Grasses  and   Clovers, 

Seed  Oats,  Wheat, 

Rye,  Barley,  etc. 

Wood's  New  Fall  Catalogue  mailed 
free  on  request.     Write  for  it. 

T.W.  WOOD  &  SONS, 

Seedsmen,  =  Richmond,  Va. 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  num- 
bers can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Address 
our  Business  Office. 


"How  to  Grow  Paper-Shell  Pecans,' 


FREE,  Best  vaiietie,sin  U  S.  True  to 
variety.  Cinns  cut  from  bearing  trees  by 
member  of  firm.  FuU  descriptive  Cata- 
logue of  ALL  FKUIT  trees,  free 

B.  W.  STONE  &  CO.,  Thomasville,  Ga. 

Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute 

STATE  AQRICDLTURAL  AND  MECHANICAL  COLUEQE 

at  Blacksburg.  Va., 

A  SOUTHERN   INSTITUTE  OF  TECHNOLOGY. 

I'"orty-flve  Instructors.  Thoroughly  equip- 
ped shops,  laboratories  and  inf'rmary.  Farm 
o(  tour  hundred  acres.  Steam  heating  and 
electric  lights  in  dormitories.  Degree  course! 
in  Agriculture,  Horticulture,  Civil,  Mechani- 
cal and  Electrical  Engineering,  Applied 
Chemistry  and  General  Science.  Shorter 
courses  In  Practical  Agriculture  and  Practi- 
cal Mechanics.  Total  cost  ot  session  of  nine 
mouths,  including  tuition  and  other  fee«, 
board,  washing,  text-books,  medical  attend- 
ance, etc.,  about  $195.  Cost  to  State  student* 
about  $165.  Session  began  September  21,  1903. 
For    catalogue   and    other    Information,  apply 


J.  M.  McBRYDE,  Ph.  D.,  LL.  D.,  President. 


Alfalfa  Dacteria 
Infected  Soil 

Can  be  obtained  from  Ewell  Farm  Ex 
perimental  Plot  A  perfect  stand  three 
years  of  age,  abundantly  supplied  with 
root  nodiiles.  Price  $1.00  per  2  bus. 
burlap  bag,  weight  about  150  lbs.,  f  o.  b. 
Ewell's  Station,  Tenn. 
GEO.  CAMPBELL  BROWN, 

Spring  Hill  Tenn. 


650 


THE  SOUTHERlSr  pla:n'ter 


[October 


DEAFXESS  CANNOT  BE  CURED 
by  local  applications,  as  they  cannot 
reach  the  diseased  portion  of  the  ear. 
There  is  only  one  way  to  cure  deafness, 
and  that  is  by  constitutional  remedies 
Deafness  is  caused  by  an  inflamed  con- 
dition of  the  mucous  lininK  of  the  Eus- 
tachian Tube.  When  this  tube  srets 
inflamed  you  have  a  rumbling  sound  or 
imperfect  hearing,  and  wheu  it  is  en- 
tirely closed  deafness  is  the  result. 
and  "unless  the  inflammation  can  lie 
taken  out  and  this  tube  restored  to  its 
normal  condition,  hearing  will  be  de- 
stroyed forever;  nine  cases  out  of  ten 
are  caused  by  catarrh,  which  is  noth- 
ing but  an  inflamed  condition  of  the 
mucous  surfaces. 

We  will  give  one  hundred  dollars  lor 
any  case  of  Deafness    (caused  by  ca- 
tarrh) that  cannot  be  cured  by  Hall's 
atarrh  Cure.     Send  for  circulars,  free. 
F.  J.  CHENEY  &  CO..  Toledo,  0. 

Sold  bv  Druggists.  75c. 

Hall's  Family  Pills  are  the  best. 


Liberal  Subscription  Offer. 

To  induce  non-readers  of  the 
SorTiiERX  Planter  to  become 
subscribers,  we  beg  to  announce 
that  all  new  subscriptions  received 
between  this  time  and  December 
Ist  will  be  given  the  remaining 
numbers  of  this  year  free.  In 
other  words,  50  cents  will  pay  for 
a  subscription  from  now  until  De- 
cember 31,  1904. 

Our  regular  subscribers,  upon 
whom  we  hare  called  so  many 
times,  will  confer  a  favor,  which 
will  be  reciprocated  at  any  time, 
if  they  will  bring  this  offer  to  the 
notice  of  their  friends  who  are  not 
subscribers  to  the  Southern 
Planter. 


WITH  THE  ADVERTISERS. 

A.  G.  W.  wants  an  industrious  farm 
manager.  His  farm  is  in  Chesterfield 
county. 

The  Davis  E.  Fouiz  Co..  makers  of 
Horse  and  Cattle  Powders,  starts  the 
season's  advertising  with  this  number. 

Some  bargains  in  the  standard 
breeds  of  poultry  are  offered  by  the 
Oakland  Poultry  Farm. 

Red  Poll  Cattle  are  offered  by  Messrs. 
Plerson  Bros.  They  have  been  breed- 
ing them  for  a  number  of  years,  and 
have  good  stock. 

J.  M.  Garnett  is  offering  some  of  his 
fine  "Garnett  Layers."  l^ook  up  his 
ad. 

Dr.  Haas  has  something  interesting 
to  say  to  hog  raisers  in  his  ad.     Look 


FLORENCE 

FARM   WAGON 


FULLY  GUARANTEED  to  be  the  very  best,  stronff- 
st  and  lightest  draft  wagon  for  all  farm  par- 
poses.    Neat,  handsom*.  substantially  con- 
structed from  best  grade  seasoned  timber, 
■well  ironed,  it  possesses  every  quality  that 
makes  it  desirable.    See  the  FLORENCE 
ur  nearest  agency.    If  there  is  no  agency  near, 
write  us  direct  and  we  will  send  you  free  our  illus- 
trated Catalogne.  our  attractive  periodical  "The 
The  Westero  Fanner's  FaTorite.  Florence  Waggin' Tongue,"  and  make  yon  an  offer 

to  snpply  you  with  a  FLORENCE  WAGON  on  liberal  terms  and  at  a  low  price. 
Write  today  to  Dept.  C.     FLORENCE  WAGON  WORKS,  Florence,  Alabama, 


llCpO^PREPARED^IIME 
I LCCO  AGRICULTURAL  UlflL 

i  The  Old  Reliable  for  WHEAT,tOATS, 

I  CLOVER  and  OTHER  GRASSES;  has 

I  stood  the  test  for  twenty-five  years, 

I  being  composed  principally  of  Hydrate 

g  of  Lime,  Sulphate  of  Lime  and  Potash. 


OUR  SPECIALi  WHEAT  FERTILIZER. 

We  put  this  brand  on  the  market  only  a  few  years  ago.  and  have  had 
verv  tiattericg  results.  The  hest  farmers  sav  that  thev  get  better 
STAND  and  QROWTH  of  GRASS  and  CLOVER  from  it  than  from 
other  fertilizers.  This  we  can  confidently  recommend  for  CORN- 
LAND  or  any  other  land  of  fair  fertiUtv. 


FRUIT  TREES. 


Maj  G.  A  Barksdale  of  Richmond,  Va  ,|has  used  our  PREPARED 
LIME  on  his  fruit  trees,  and  says  it  has  made  wonderful  improve- 
ment, both  in  the  condition  of  the  trees  and  quality  of  the  fruit. 


PLAIN  SHELL  LIME 

Constantly  on  hand  at  lowest  prices. 

No.  1  WOOD-BURNT  LIME 

In  car  lots  at  lowest  market  price  from  kilns. 


g°  If  you  wish  to  IMPROVE  vour  land,  use  a  ton  to  four  acres  for  WHEAT 

and  CLOVER,  or  if  you  wish  to  seed  it  for  other  GRASSES  where  the  land 
^  is  in  good  condiiion.  use  the  same  quanitv  and  it  will  give  vou  a  good  STAND 
g   and  QROWTH  of  GRASS.     For  reclaim'ing  POOR  land,  where  there  is  Utile 

gor  no  VEGETATION,  COVER  naked  places  with  Utter  from  the  barnyard  or 
forest,  using  the  game  quanity,  and  sow  winter  OATS  and  CLOVER. 

5  SEND    FOR    CIRCULAR    AND    PRICES. 

I        A.  S.    LEE   (EL  SON, 

I  102  S.  13tK   Street,         ->         RicKmond,   Virginia. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


651 


Freeman 
Ensilage 
Machinery 


represents  the  modern  idea.  Illustra- 
tion shows  typical  cutter  with  blower  at- 
tachment. II  sizes,  hand  cutting  to  belt 
power,  with  capacity  rinsing  from  5  to 
24  tons  per  hour.  Traveling  force  feed, 
reduces  labor  of  feeding.  Each  machine 
easily  and  quickly  fitted  with  shredder 
attachment. 

Also  make  Wind  Mills,  Corn  Shellers.  Wood 
Saws,  etc    Write  Tor  tree  catalngues  110. 

S.  FREEMAN  &  SONS  MFG.  CO.,  Racine,  Wis. 


You  Try.  It. 

It  costs  nothing.  Re- 
turn  at  our  expense  if 
this  mill  fails  to  grind 
shelled  com.  ear  com. 
all     ^raini 


feed  stuffs,  eas 
erand  better  I 
other. 


,  fa.s 


New  Holland  Mills 

are  the  practical,  every  day  mills  for  every 
day  wants.  No  other  good  mill  at  so  low  a 
price.  Made  Id  3  sizes.  Adapted  to  any  kind 
of  power.  Don't  fail  to  get  our  free  catalogue 
before  buying. 

NEW     HOLLAND     MACHINE     CO.j 
Box   IB3.  Now  Holland,  Pa. 


HEEBNER'S    FEED    CUTTERS 


Feed  all  your  fnd^er.  By  usin?  Heel-iner's 
shredder  attachment  the  whole  of  the  iiLitritioiis 
crushed  and  shredded,    and  rendered    edible 


file  "Weber  Junior" 
Pumper* 


)toB 

iut  UtUs  ru. 
nine.     1b     shipper 
rat«(l       eorapletel7 
r«eted,  all    connec- 
3  made.  Easy  to  ftart,  any 
can    operate  it.     _ 
guaranteed.  Other 
up  to  60  H.  P.    Send  for  cat- 
alog.   Weber  Gas  A  GasoUnA 
En^ne  Co.,  Bol     iM 
Kansaa  City.  Mo 


STOP  THAT  RATTLING,  TIGHTEN  YOUR 
OWN  BUGGY  TIRES.  No  heating;  does  not 
mar  the  paint:  any  one  can  operate.  Machine 
complete  with  100  washers  sent  on  receipt  of 
J2.00.  Guaranteed  to  do  the  work.  Your 
money  back  K  not  as  represented.  RAPID 
TIRE  TIGHTENER  CO.,  Station  F.,  Toledo, 
Ohio. 


it  up  and  send  for  his  free  book.  "Hog- 
ology." 

Kitselman  Bros.,  old  advertisers,  re- 
sume their  advertising  in  this  issue. 
Lots  of  our  readers  already  know  aDout 
their  Fence  Machine,  which  is  sent  out 
on  trial. 

A  useful  Cream  Separator  is  offered 
by  The  Superior  Fence  Machine  Co., 
Detroit. 

Foxhall  Farm  wants  to  buy  some 
Angora  Goats.  Take  notice  ye  An- 
gora men. 

The  Coiled  Spring  Fence  Co.  has  a 
couple  of  ads.  in  this  issue,  to  which 
we  invite  the  attention  of  our  readers. 

The  Folding  Sawing  Machine  Co.  of- 
fers a  very  handy  and  useful  device  In 
the  shape  of  a  folding  hand  saw.  Look 
up  their  ad. 

Stonehurst  Fruit  and  Stock  Farm 
has  some  nice  registered  Herefords  for 
sale. 

Sprout,  Waldron  &  Co.  are  advertis- 
ing their  Feed  Mills  again  this  year. 
You  can  have  one  of  these  mills  on  30 
days  free  trial. 

Anybody  wanting  some  nice  colts 
had  better  correspond  with  Mr.  I.  L. 
Amberg,  who  has  an  ad.  in  another 
column. 

Squab  raisers  or  those  contemplat- 
ing going  into  the  business  had  bettPi- 
read  the  ad.  of  E.  C.  Johnson. 

The  Glen  Rock  Woolen  Mills  have 
a  card  in  another  column,  which  will 
surely  interest  numbers  of  our  readers. 
Look  It  up. 

-African  Geese  can  be  had  of  Miss  A. 
Worthington,  Ivy,  Va. 

Milne  Mfg.  Co.  are  advertising  their 
celebrated  Hawkeye  Stump  Puller 
again  this  season. 

"W."  wants  to  buy  a  lot  of  young 
cattle  from  the  quarantine  district. 
He  prefers  Shorthorns  or  other  good 
grades. 

The  New  Holland  Machine  Co.  is  a 
new  advertiser  in  this  issue.  This 
company  has  a  good  feed  mill  in  which 
it  would  like  to  interest  our  readers. 

Wertz  Nursery  makes  its  usual  fall 
offering  In  this  issue.     Look  up  the  ad. 

H.  D.  Coleman  wants  to  trade  New- 
port News  property  for  a  farm. 

The  Continental  Plant  Co.  is  adver- 
tising strawberry  plants  and  nursery 
stock. 

Mr.  J.  F.  Durrette  doubles  his  ad  in 
this  issue.  Poland-Chinas  and  Short- 
horns are  his  offering. 

Mr.  Murray  Boocock,  owner  of  the 
Castalia  Herefords,  wants  to  buy  some 
registered  Hereford  heifers.  See  his 
ad. 

Sydnor  Pump  &  Well  Co.  has  an  at- 
tractive ad.  in  another  column.  If  it's 
pumps  you  want,  write  this  company. 

Strawberry  plants  are  offered  by  Mr. 
John  Lightfoot. 

International  Stock  Food  Co.  has  a 
large  ad.  on  another  page.  Look  it  up 
and  send  for  their  handsome  free  stock 
book. 


Wise  Man's 
Wagon. 


the 


.vheeli 


)  has  had  _. 
wagon  kno' 
that  d. 


iperienco 
It  it 
the 


lite  of  the  wagon  itself.    Our 

ELECTRIC  wV^ 

have  given  a  new  lease  of  life  to  thousands  of  old 
wagons.  1  hey  can  he  had  in  any  de.sired  height.and 
any  width  of  tire  up  to  8  inches.  With  a  set  Sf  thesa 
wheels  yoa  can  in  a  few  minutes  have  either  a  high 
or  a  low  down  wagon.  The  Electric  HsndT 
Waeon  Is  made  by  skilled  workmen,  of  best  select 
ed  material— whi'"  i.;.>i-.^-.«  ..->^..  ...— >  ._.^  __,!"'  .  " 
hounds,  etc    Gii 

the  wacron  that   ^    .„.      „„    ^ 

lasts  almost  forever.  Ourcatalog  describing  the 

of  these  wheels  and  wagons  sent  free.    Writeforit 

ELECTRIC  WHEEL  CO.,  BOX  14*  QUINCY.  ILLINOIS. 


e  hickory  ailes.  steel  wheels,  steel 


WE  LEAD  THE  WORLD 

We  are  the  largest  manuf  aiO 
turers  of  Grooved  and  Plain 
Tire  Steel  Farm  Wagon 
Wheels  in  America.  Wa 
guarantee  our  patent 
Grooved  Tire  Wheels  to 
be  the  best  made  by  anybod| 
anywhere.    Write  us. 

HAVANA  METAL  WHEEL  CO. 

HAVANA.  ILL 
WE'LL  PAY  THE  FREIGHT 

and  send  4  Baggj  Wheels,  8l««l  Tire  on,  .  »7.«S 
With  atibber  Tires,  $15.00.  I  mfg.  wheels  ^  to  i  im. 
trflftd.  Top  Buggies,  128.75;  Harness,  |3. 60.  WriL«  ftw 
catalogue.  Learn  hov  to  buy  vebloles  anil  parts  direct 
WagoD  Umbrella  FEEE.  W.  T.  BOOB,  Cineliuiati,  9. 


Chamberlin    Mfg.    Co ,  Olean,  N.  Y.,  U,  S.  A. 


HERCULES  STUMP  PULLER 


Clears  an  acre  of  heavy  timber  land  each  day. 
Clears  all  stumps  In  a  circle  of  160  ft.  without 
moving  or  changing  machine,    Strongest,  most 
rapid  working  and  best  made. 
Hercules  Mfg.  Co.,  413  17th  St..  Centreville.  Iowa. 


652 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[October 


Just  Ask  the  Horse. 


Hay 
Press 


RED  RIPPER 

he  will  tell  you  that  It  Is  the  lightest  runnini'  press  in  the 
m-irket.  A  lever  gives  the  coiiifrcssion  and  tliep-werln- 
creases  wilh  the  resistance. but  the  hi-rse  doeso  t  know  Uiat. 
Heknuwsthitilisjustas  easy  At  the  end  of  the  stroke  as 
it  is  at  the  beeinniog.  The  Red  Ripper  has  an  easy  caj^city 
30  hales  per  hour.  It  is  a  low  priced,  in  fact,  the  lowest 
priced  hay  press  In  the  market,  and  so  strong  and  simple 
It  never  gets  out  of  repair.  Itcan  be  loaded  on  a  farm  wagon. 
Our  24  page  Catalogue  No.  iSS  tells  you  more  and  contains 
many  testimonials  «e  have  receive<{from  Red  Ripperpur- 
chasers.  Distributing  points ,  Baltimore.  Memphis.  Cincin- 
o>^*    Address    5IKES  MFC.  CO..  Helena,  Ceorola> 


Thenmn  ' 


■■Uicenll 
:il  utility  wlai.h  L:i 


f 

■  world-f aired.  Our  catalogue  containei  Ihelatt 
H  and  largest  variety  made.     >Ve  w;uil  you  ■^^ 

■  liavea  •■opy.    After  reading  it  yotir  knowledge 

■  won't  permit  of  mistake  when  yuu  buy.    We 

■  «     " 


Dederick's  Baling  Presses 


liave .--„,. J. 

won't  permit  of  mistake  «  nt..  j«i*  u 
send  it  free.  Write  for  a  copy  at  once. 
F.K.DEDCBICK'SSQSS.   Tii  Tivoli  St.. Albany.  SY. 


The 


Baler 


"ELI"  PRESSES 


CollInK  Plow  Co.,    1  I  85  Hampshire  St.,  Quiney,  III. 


bale  fastestand  best 
-  for  shipping  and 
■gest    Feed   Openings. 


Uf  C  M   DRILLING 


MACHINES 


The    most    successful    mouey-making    ma- 
chines ever  made.     Also  machiDes  (or  borlog 
wells   with    augers   by   horae   power.     Write 
us  if  you  mean  business. 
Loomis  Machine  Co.,  Tiffin,  Ohio. 


mmm, 


^\V  STANCHION. 

'      CLEAN.SAFE, 

COMFORTABLE. 

F(LBYW.B.ERUMB,Farestville.CoNN. 


GET  ALL  THE  CREAM, 


— BV   USING— 


^        The  SUPERIOR  CREAM  SEPARATOR. 


Does  not  ml.s  wilier  wllli  the  milk. 
11  Ih  llie  bent  Sepnralor  made.  A 
Irlul  convinces,  anilevervi^eparHlor 
Is  KimrMnlccd.  Wrile  loi'lav  for  Cal- 
alok'iic  li,  llie  SUPERIOR  FENCE  MA- 
CHINE CO.,  291  Orande  River  Ave.,  De- 
troll,  Michigan. 


MAGAZINES. 
The  Review  of  Reviews  Is  tlie  best 
magazine  for  any  one  to  take  who 
wants  to  keep  posted  on  all  that  is 
going  on  the  world  over.  The  editor's 
review  of  the  leading  subjects  occupy- 
ing the  attention  of  the  master  minds 
of  the  world  and  of  all  the  current 
passing  events  is  always  well  worth 
reading.  In  addition  to  this  there  are 
always  a  number  of  articles  on  mat- 
ters occupying  public  attention  in  the 
leading  countries  of  the  world  by  those 
most  qualified  to  deal  with  them  from 
special  knowledge  or  practical  ac- 
quaintance with  the  subjects.  What 
is  being  said  in  other  magazines  on  all 
subjects  of  popular  interest  can  also 
be  found  in  this  magazine. 


The  Cosmopolitan  is  one  of  the  best 
of  the  cheaper  magazines.  It  is  most 
liberally  illustrated  with  -beautifully 
produced  pictures. 


The  October  Century  has  an  attrac- 
tive cover  by  Leyendecker  of  a  mount- 
ed hunter  and  dogs,  which  gives  a  clue 
to  the  prevailing  character  of  its  con- 
tents, for  it  is  a  "sportsman's  num- 
ber," containing,  with  much  other  mat- 
tei-,  a  group  of  articles  on  field  sports 
relating  to  France,  Great  Britain  and 
America.  The  democratic  tradition  in 
France  is  represented  by  an  article, 
"When  the  French  President  Goes 
Hunting,"  written  and  illustrated  by 
Andre  Castaigne.  The  aristocratic 
tradition  is  represented  by  Sterling 
Hfilig's  narrative,  "With  the  Hounds 
of  the  Duchesse  D'Uzes."  J.  M.  Glee- 
son,  the  artist,  writes  of  "Two  British 
Game  Parks,"  Powerscourt  in  Ireland 
and  Drummond  Castle  in  Scotland,  and 
supplies  pictures  of  both.  But  the 
most  practical  and  acceptable  article 
to  American  sportsmen,  will  be  a  re- 
view of  "Field  Sports  of  To-Day. "  by 
Dwight  W.  Huntington,  the  well-known 
writer  on  this  subject.  Mr.  Hunting- 
ton is  also  an  artist,  as  witness  his 
illustrations  for  his  own  article,  in- 
cluding four  in  color,  one  of  which, 
"The  New  and  the  Old  Type  of  Sports- 
man," is  the  frontispiece  or  tne  num- 
ber. There  are  three  striking  full- 
page  pictures  of  big  game  by  Arthur 
V'/ardle,  the  English  painter,  and  "The 
Wild  Bird  by  a  New  Approach,"  by 
Francis  H.  Herri  ck,  who  shows  how 
birds  may  be  slyly  shot  by  the  camera 
without  in  any  way  Injurying  the  birt!. 
Three  articles  of  much  variety  by 
officers  of  the  United  States  govern- 
ment deal  in  a  popular  way  with  topics 
of  solid  interest.  Gen.  Greely  writes 
of  "The  Signal  Corps  in  War  Time," 
which  may  be  called  a  piece  of  secret 
history;  Hon.  W.  R.  Merriam.  director 
of  the  last  census,  of  "The  Census  of 
Foreign  Countries,"  and  Dr.  L.  O. 
HowMTd,  entomologist  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  gives  the  first  full 
account  of  the  recent  experiments 
which  determined  the  relation  between 
yellow  fever  and  the  mosquito,  experi- 
ments involving  much  personal  sacri- 
fice  on   the   part   of  those   concerned. 


:  UNION  LOCK  POULTRY  FENCING 

HAS  BEEN  FULLY 
TESTED  AND  FOUND 
SUPERIOK  TO  ALL 
OTHESS. 
Will   fit    uneven 
.i.imd   without 
.    ,    ;/  iUji   •  lilling.  Every  part 
^        ,;.l:...;:.:ifla  t.inbe  stretched 
-x^ -•'*  perfectly.   Made  of 

high  grade  galvanized  steel  wire.  All  horizontal 
lines  are  cables,  making  it  stronger.  Has  fine  mesh 
at  the  bottom  for  small  chicks.  We  also  make 
extra  heavy  for  gardens,  lawns,  etc.  The  largest 
poultry  farms  are  using  this  fence — over  700  rods 
by  Lakewood  (N.  J.)  Farm  Co.  We  pay  freight 
and  satisfy  every  one  or  no  sale.  Can  ship  from 
N.  v.,  Chicago,  or  S.-in  Francisco.  ^V^ite  for 
f  reelcatalog  of  Farm,  Lawn  and  Poultry  I-'encing. 
CASE  BROS.,  Box  340,  Colchester,  Conn. 


i 

E-EEd 

^iii|i  i 

1,500  FEET  OF  WIRE 


from  the  Pa^e  Fence  that  stopped  the  his  runaway 
racing  auto  at  the  ZanesviUe,  O.,  fair,  was  cut  up 
into  enort  piece?  and  carried  away  as  souvenirs  by 
the  people  who  saw  the  tragic  accident  In  which  eo 
many  wpre  killed  or  injured. 
PA(jK  WOVEN  Wlin:  IKNTK  CO.,  Adrian,  .llioh. 


Genuine  spiral  Spring  Wire 
FENCES  AND  GATES 

If  your  dealer  does  not  have  our 
goods  in  stock  you  can  buy  direct 
.It  Manufacturers'  Price.  Write 
for  Catalogue  and  secure  agency. 

INTERNATIONAL  FENCE  AND  F.  CO. 
Columbus,  Ohio. 


3 », 

1 -. 

! 1 . 

I  — .-1  -.-.^ 


iji,ie/@(l&)©v9  Ifjtyi  LflWN  FENCE 


Many  designs.  Cheap  a^ 
wood.  32  pafre  Catalogue 

free.  Special  Prices  to  Ceme- 
teries and  Chorchcs.  Address 
COILED  SPRING  FFNCB  «0. 
Box      Q       WInchesler,  InJ. 


SENT  ON  TRIAL 

A  Fence  Machine  that  will  make  over  100 
Styles  of  Feiue  iind  from  50  to  70  rods  a  day 

AT  ACTUAL  COST  OF  WIRE 

n<.n,e-blel>,  Hiill-slroDi;,  Fig  and  Chlckt'D-llcht. 
^^■i^e  at  Wholo-ale  PriCf  a.  Cattilojrue  Free. 
Kitselman  Bros,  Boiifir-,  Huncie,  Ind. 


FENCE! 


STROmG£Sf 
MAOe.  Bulk 
strong'.  Chlekeiv 
tight.  Gold  to  the  Farmer  at  Wfaoleaal* 
PrieM.     Fsllr  W&mntcd.    Catalog  Free 

COILBD  BPKDie  FBNCB  CO., 
Box  *C  WUehMter.  ladlau,  C.  S.  A. 


9C0RDS IN  10  HOURS 


for  FltKE  illustrated  catalog.  sh< 


sawMORLtimberwitiiitthaii 
:  EASIRIt.  S39,000in  use.  Send 
wing  latest  IMPKOVEMENTS 
-■    -■ "1  ftgoooj.    Addnai 


A  Steel  Stanchion  J:rov?riw',"„? 

tying  rattle.   Lifrht*r,  BlronKCr,  n.-nh-r.    Swings  Oil  chains. 
Not  In  the  way  when   lyingdown.  Ajtent,,  wantoil     Wrlt«  for  epe- 

ci.ii.rm..nd price.,  jas.  Boyle,  Mfr.,Salem, O. 


Mention  the  Southern  Planter  whtn 
corresponding  -with  advertisers. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHER^T  PLANTER 


653 


ELMWOOD  NURSERIES. 

ASPARAGUS 

100,000  2-yr.  old  Asparagus  roots, 
5  varieties.  A  special  rate  of  $3.50 
per  lOiiQ  for  2  mos.  for  BAKR'S, 
PALMETTO,  CONOVER. 

APPLES 

A  large  general  assortment,  in- 
cluding WINESAPS  and  YORK 
IMPERIALS. 

Splendid   Assortment 

of  Ornamental,  Shade 

and  Fruit  Trees. 

from  B.  P.  Rocks,  Light 
Brahmas,  Brown  Leg- 
horns at  $1.00  per  13. 

WRITE  FOR  OUR  CATALOGUE. 

JiWMKIUl.. 


..RELIABLE  SEEDS.. 

For  Fall   So-wing. 

Crimson  Clover,  Vetches,  Rape, 
Rye,  Barley,  Seed  Oats,  White 
Pearl  and  other  Onion  Sets,  Cab- 
bage, Lettuce,  Radish  and  Turnip 
Seed  and  all  varieties  of  Grain, 
Grass  and  Garden  Seeds. 
Write  us  for  prices. 

DIQQS  &  BEADLES.  Seedsmen, 

1711  E   Franklin  St.,  RichmouJ,  Va. 

EMPORIA  NURSERIES 

Offer  a  line  of  Nursery  Stock,  mostlv 
APPLE  TREES,  4  to  5  feet,  and 
PEACH  TREES.  3  to  4  feet,  at  reduced 
prices  to  clear  land.  All  Stock  healthy 
and  free  from  Crown  Gall,  Aphis,  San 
Jose  Scale,  or  any  other  disease,  and 
WILL  BE  FUMIGATED  BEFORE 
shipped. 

Send    for   reduced   price   list.     Good 
No.  1  Agents  for  1904  wanted. 
0.  S.  LINDLEY,  Prop.,  Emporia,  Va. 

Also  agents  for  Universal  and  Gard- 
ner's Dust  Sprayers;  far  ahead  of  any 
other  and  cost  of  power  is  very  small. 
Send  for  price  and  description. 

-^    ROOFING  TIN    j^ 

Iron  and  paper  roofing,  nails,  builder's  hard- 
ware, sash,  doors,  etc.,  carriage  and  wagon 
goods,  paints  and  oils,  cook  and  heating  stoves, 
guns,  pistols,  rifles,  "Robin  Hood"  loaded  shells. 
Do  you  use  any  of  the  above?    Write  us, 

HARRIS  HARDWARE  CO.,  ^Ll^^'^X: 


An  account  of  Alonzo  Clark  Robinson 
of  "The  Destruction  of  Phila:"  sets 
forth  the  damage  apparently  done  to 
this  great  historical  ruin  by  the  con- 
struction of  the  great  Nile  dam;  there 
is  an  entertainin.g  article  on  "The  New 
Woman  in  Turkey,"  by  Anna  Bowman 
Dodd,  and  a  budget  of  read-aloudable 
"Anecdotes  of  Leschetizky,"  by  his 
sister-in-law,  the  Comtesse  Angele  Po- 
tocka.  The  fiction  includes  "The  Old 
Dragon,"  a  "Pa  Gladden"  story  by  Eliz- 
abeth Cherry  Waltz;  "The  Object  Les- 
son," by  Edith  Elmer  Wood;  "The  Way 
of  the  Engineers,"  a  story  of  the  upper 
Mississippi,  by  Willis  Gibson;  "Sandy 
McKiver,  Hero,"  by  Herbert  D.  Ward, 
and  the  conclusion  of  "The  Vellow 
Van,"  Richard  Whiteing's  novel  of  Eng- 
lish life.  In  the  editorial  department 
are  plain-spoken  words  concerning  the 
increase  of  lynching  and  other  unfortu- 
nate national  tendencies,  and  a  discus- 
sion of  "The  Cant  About  'Hard  Work'." 


The  novel  in  Lippincott's  October 
number  comes  from  Frederic  Reddale's 
jiopular  pen.  Its  title  is  "An  Heir  to 
Millions,"  and  it  deals  with  a  fortune 
made  in  the  California  gold  fields  and 
inherited  by  a  New  York  clerk  with 
simple  tastes.  He  begins  in  no  very 
novel  way  to  spend  the  money,  but 
when  he  learns  that  it  is  his  through 
trickery  he  shows  his  mettle  by  refus- 
ing to  buy  the  silence  of  a  rascal  and 
stands  ready  to  take  the  consequences. 
In  his  prosperity  he  has  a  little  neg- 
lected his  sweetheart  of  humbler  days, 
but  things  come  around  her  way  in  the 
end.  "The  Return."  by  Beulah  Marie 
Dix,  is  a  touching  and  powerful  epi- 
sode, with  a  thrilling  psychological 
thread.  From  an  author  who  has  done 
excellent  work  in  many  magazines, 
this  is  unquestionably  the  best  tiling 
she  has  produced.  Phoebe  Lyle  con- 
tributes "The  Adventuress  of  Amaryl- 
lis," a  sweet  romance  of  picturesque 
Charleston,  where  a  straight-laced  little 
New  England  school  teacher  goes  to 
recuperate  after  sickness  and  has  the 
time  of  her  life.  The  name  "George 
Jones"  is  so  palpably  ungenuine  that 
the  reader  feels  more  than  a  passing 
wonder  as  to  the  real  author  of  the 
human  little  sketch  called  "The  Day's 
Disdain."  A  racing  story  by  Alfred 
Stoddart  is  called  "The  Lightweight 
Saddle  Class,"  and  contains  love-inter- 
est as  well  as  that  of  sport.  Algernon 
Boyesen's  original  treatment  of  the 
divorce  theme  in  his  story,  "The  Prison 
House,"  arrests  attention.  A  wife, 
having  become  fascinated  by  the  leader 
of  "new  ethics,"  desires  to  leave  her 
husband.  His  arguments  prove  vain, 
and  he  is  inspired  to  suggest  a  test  of 
the  genuineness  of  the  "leader's"  views 
on  Platonic  friendship.  This  worKs 
to  perfection.  But  the  tale  must  be 
read  to  be  appreciated.  With  the  ser- 
vant question  so  much  in  evidence 
everywhere  Karl  Edwin  Harriman's 
humorous  sketch  on  the  subject  must 
make  many  friends.  It  is  called  "The 
Cook  at  Conley's."  When  Agnes  Rep- 
plier  talks  on  paper  people  are  eager 
listeners.     Her  long  residence   abroad 


Peach  and  Apple  Trees, 

BONAVISTA  NURSERIES,  Greenwood,  Va. 

We  oiler  a  fine  lot  of  choice  trees  for 
Fall  and  Spring  planting 

Our  apple  trees  are  the  best— Wine  Sap, 
Mammoth  Black  Twig,  York  Imperial 
and  Albemarle  Pippin,  all  perfect  and 
well  grown  trees. 

Our  peach  trees  are  the  standard  sorts. 
Stump,  Elberta,  Bilyeu's  (Comet, )  Won- 
derful Champion,  Globe,  Picquet'sLate, 
Albright's  Winter,  Crawford  E.&L.,etc. 

We  send  out  none  but  good  trees  and 
have  never  had  a  complaint  made  by  any 
purchaser  of  our  stock.  Order  soon,  es- 
pecially Peach^s,  as  good  trees  will  be 
ver}'  scarce  this  season. 

CHAS.  F    H.-iCKETT,  Manager. 


lOOO  Per  Cent. 
=  Profit  in.. 
Wealth  and    HealtH 

"""'-  ,  In  fresh,  luscious,  home  i^rown 

STRAWBIIRRIES 

allowed  to  ripen  thoroughly  on  the  vines. 
We  sell  the  plants  psicked  to  carry  fresh 
anywhere  in  the  United  States,  bur  120 
pagemanual  (freeto  buyers)  makes  grow- 
ing for  pleasure  or  pr  -fit  phiin  to  all. 
Plant  now.    Also  save  half  oni 

FRUIT  TREES 

by  buying  direct  from  us,  saving  agents' 
profits.    VVrite  for  free  Catalogue,  men- 
tioning this  paper. 
CONTINENTAL   PLANT  CO. 

KITTRELL.    N.    C. 


TREES!  TREES!! 

I  ofler  a  tine  lot  of  whole  root  trees. 

Apples,  Pears,  Peaches, 
Cherries,  Plums,  Qrape 
Vines.   Raspberries,    Etc. 

Save  agent's  commission  by  send- 
ing  your  orders  to  the  nursery. 
CATALOGUE   FREE. 
All  stock  Inspected  and  Fumigated. 

WERTZ'S  NURSERY,  Salem.  Va. 


Strawberry  Plants, 

All  grown  m  fresh  rich  ground,  healthy, 
well-rooted  plants  that  will  please  you; 
over  30  kinds  to  offer  Raspberry  plants 
and  Peach  trees  also;  see  us  before  you 
buy.  Our  stock  hns  been  thoroughly  in- 
spected and  found  frc-  from  any  disease. 
Address  ,10HN  LIGIITFOOT, 

Sherman  Heights  Tenn. 


IT  YOUR  IDEAS 

00,000  offered   for  one  in- 

nlion;   $8,500   for   another, 

Ko.ik  "How  to  Obtain  a  Patent" 

What  to  Invent  "sent  free.  Send 

rouerh  sketch   for  free  report  as  to 

patentability.       We  advertise  your 

patent  for  sale  at  our  expense. 

CHANDLEC  &  CHANDLEE,  Patent  Attorneva 

976  F  Street,  Washington,  D.  C. 


654 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAXTER. 


[October 


FINE  FARM  FOR  SALE. 

I  offer  tor  sale  a  fine  farm  located 
twelve  miles  from  Fredericksburg,  Va.. 
on  the  R.,  F.  &  P.  R.  R..  and  about  one 
mile  from  the  station.  Contains  250 
acres;  suitable  for  cattle  raising,  corn, 
wheat  and  tobacco.  About  100  acres 
cultivated.  Has  a  10  room  dwelling, 
large  barn.  tv.o  floors,  small  barn,  cat- 
tle shed,  tenant  house,  and  other  out- 
buildings. Farm  well  watered  and  en- 
closed with  wire  fencing.  100  acres  in 
timber.  Health.v  location,  magnificent 
view  of  surrounding  country.  Price, 
$5  000,  on  easv  terms.     Address 

JOHN  P.  SIMO.N'TOX. 
1124  S  St..  X.  W..  Washington.  D.  C. 

UflMCQ  AND  THE  PLACE  TO 
nUIVIto  FIND  THEM.    .    . 

Nu  i.hi.-e  in  the  Uniteri  States  can  a 
man  do  so  well  at  farming,  for  tt  e  money 
inve.<teij.  as  in  Virginia.  Lands  are 
cheap;  climate  good,  and  the  best  of 
marlcets  close  at  hand.  It  is  the  State 
of  all  others,  for  a  comfortable  all  the 
year  round  home.  The  James  River 
Valley  Colonization  and  Improvement 
Company  olfer  superior  advantages  to 
land  purchasers.  For  free  36  page  land 
pamphlet,  address 

W.  A.  PARSONS.        Vinita.  Va. 

C  \0  Main  St.  Depot   Richmond.  Va. 

To  HOMESEEKERS. 

"THE  BUSINESS  OF  FARMING 


moves  her  to  write  about  "The  Tour- 
ist" in  her  notably  keen  and  witty 
manner.  She  covers  all  nationalities 
in  her  comparisons  and  has  evidently 
given  much  thought  to  her  subject. 
The  series  of  literary  talks  by  George 
Moore,  begun  in  the  Sepcemoer  num- 
ber and  entitled  "Avowals,"  is  con- 
tinued this  month.  In  speaking  of 
Balzac,  he  says:  "There  is  more  vi- 
tality in  a  house  described  bv  Balzac 
than  there  is  in  many  an  Engllsc 
novel." 


IF  YOU  WISH  TO  SELL 

VIRGINIA    LANDS 

Communicate  with  us.     Write  for  free 
"Virginia   Real   Estate  Journal,"   co»- 
talnlng  manj  splendid  bargatnA. 
R.  B.  CtlAFFIN  &  CO  .  Inc  . 

•>o.  I  N  lOth  St..  Richmond,  Va 


Is  the  title  of  a  new  pamphlet  Issued  by  the 
Norfolk  and  Western  Railway  Company.    We 
will  gladly  mall  you  a  copy. 
W.  B.  BEVILL,      PAUL  SCHERER.  Agt.. 
G.  P.  A..      Lands  and  Immigration, 
Roanoke.  Va, 


BEARING  APPLE  ORCHARD  in  "Piedmont"  Va. 

Rich  black  loHin.  typical  "I'tppin'Iiind.  Suitable 
Albenmrle  pippins,  ami  other  highest  grade  ap- 
ples 1,0,0  trees  pluut-  il  nine  years:  good  crop 
this  season.  Coves  side  high  mountaiD  ;  but  re- 
markably smooth  :  admirably  adapted  orchard 
work,  and  spraying.  Wauons run  all  over.  Large 
commercial  orchards  adjoin.  Two  bold  mount- 
ain streams  Four  mllCh  from  depot:  good  road. 
Drive  city  two  hours.  Picturesque:  good  socially. 
4  room  house;  S'i.-'OO:  half  cash.    Very  desirable. 

For  detiills.  address 
SOUTHKKN    FAK.M   AGENCY,  Lynchburg.  Va. 


WE  HAVE  A   LARGE  LIST  OF 

FRUIT.  POULTRY  and  TRUCK  FARMS 

Ten.  ?"lfty  anj  One  Hundred  Acres  each,  with 

good  buildtngs.  close  to  steam  and  trolley 

lines,  easy  access  to  the  city.    Also 

GRAIN  AND  STOCK  FAkMS 

From  100  to  1.000  acrea  at  low  prices  all  the 

way  from  iS  to  KO  per  acre.    Write  for 

Catalogue. 

THE  VIRGINIA  LAND  AGENCY.  Richmond.  Va. 

J.  R.  HOCKADAT.  Manager. 


2  GOOD  DAIRY  FARHS, 

Vicinity  of  Washinjrton  FOR  SALE. 

Elt-ctric  railway  through  one  and  near 
the  other.     For  particulars,  address 
L.  E.  WALT,  745  7th  St.,  S   E  , 

Washington,  D.  C. 


The    October     St.     Nicholas     really 
should  be  issued  on  a  Saturday  morn- 
ing and  not  in  the  middle  of  the  week. 
for  the  girl  or  boy  who  once  taKes  It 
up  will  find  it  hard  to  lay  aside  the 
tempting  magazine  till  every  page  is 
read.     There  Is  a  frontispiece  that  Is 
both    pretty    and    clever.    'A    Musical 
Genius— the  Pride  of  the  Family."  The 
leading  story  is  just  as  good  for  girls 
as  for  boys.and  is  well  worth  reading 
aloud  in  the  family.     "That  Deer,"  an 
exciting    California    story    by    Marian 
Warner  Wildman.     "Dandy  Dash   and 
How  He  Gave  the  Alarm."  is  the  true 
story  of  a  dog  by  Grace  Wold  Soper; 
and   "Boxer  and   the  Goslin.ss"  is  an- 
other  eood  dog  tale.     "Poh-Hlaik  the 
Cave  Boy."  told  by  Chas.  F.  Lummis. 
is  the  thrilling  story  of  a  little  New 
Mexican    hero   of   five    hundred    years 
a^o.     In    this    number,    too.    Howard 
Pvle  writes  farewell  to  readers  of  "Thp 
Story     of     King     Arthur     and     His 
Knights,"  which  has  been  the  strong 
fiction   attraction   of  St.   Nicholas   the 
past  year.     "If  so  be."  runs  Mr.  Pyle's 
farewell,   "they  make  you   think  it   is 
worth  while  to  live  a  brave  and  true 
and  virtuous  life,  doing  good  to  those 
about  you.  and  denying  yourselves  all 
those   desires   which   would  be  ill   for 
others  and  for  yourselves  for  to  yield 
to.  then  that  which  I  have  written  h?th 
not  been  written  amis."     But  the  Oc- 
tober St.  Nicholas  has  plenty  of  read- 
ing more  substantial  and  equally  enter^ 
taininsr.     Rosalind  Richards  tells  about 
"The  Great  Clock  of  Wells."  nearly  the 
oldest  and  certainly  one  of  the  most 
interesting  clocks  in  existence.     Of  in- 
terest   to    grown-ups    as    well    as    to 
younger     readers     is     Joseph     Henry 
Adams'  account,  illustrated  by  the  au- 
thor,   of   "A    Trip    Through    the    New 
York   Assar  Office."     W.  T.  Hornaday 
tells   his    remembrance   of   Chico.    th° 
largest  chimpanzee  ever  seen   on   thi"! 
side  of  the  Atlantic:   and  the  pictures 
are     interesting,     though     necessarily 
ugly.     "Counting."    some    of    the    sim- 
plest   helps    to    correct    counting,    the 
most  striking  applications  of  machin- 
ery to  the  purpose,   is   the   topic  dis- 
cussed by  C.  K.  Wead.     Annie  .  Kuii>- 
er's    interesting    account     of    "Queen 
Wilhelmina's  Lessons"  is  written  from 
particulars  obtained  by  the  author  di- 
rectly from  one  of  the  queen's  former 
teachers. 


I  Can  Sell 
\our  Farm 

cr  other  real  estate,  no  matter  where  It  Is  or  what  It 

Is  worth.    bt:nd  dcscriptiun.  slate  I  -:ce.  and  Icara  my 
wonderfully  successf.U  plun.  W.  M.  OSTRA.NDER. 

376  North  Americca  Bnildint.  PhilaCelrtiia 


FINE  FARMS 


In  the  great  fruit  grain  and 
stock  section    of  VIRGINIA. 
iliiiaie  and  water  in  the  U.  3.    Near  great 
markets,   with     best    educational   advantages. 
For  further  information,  address 

ALBEMARLE    IMMIGRATION  CO., 
Sam'l  B.  Wouus    Pres  fharlottesville,  ^  a. 


V»RGINIA  FARMS 

S3  PER  ACRE  AND  UPWARDS. 

EAST    PAYMENTS.     CATALOGUE    FREK. 

GEO.  E.  CRAWFORD  &  CO.,  Richmond,  Va, 

Established  1S75. 

For  Sale  or  Exchange -^v 

FOR  FARM  OR  TIMBER  LAND,  resi- 
dence ami  business  property  in  City  of 
Newport  News      H.  D   COLEMAN, 

Newport  News,  \  a. 


"In  the  Green  Fields  of  Virginia." 

Homes  for  all;  Health  for  all;  Happ.ness  and 
Independence  for  all.  All  sizes  of  Farms  at 
corresponding  prices,  but  all  reasonable. 

MACON  &  CO.,  Orange,  Va. 


VIRGINIA  FARMS 

All  prices  and  sizes.    Free  list  on  appUcatloB. 
WM    B.    PIZZINI   CO   .    RiCHMONJ.   V». 


BLUE  GRASS  FARMS  and  MINERAL  LANDS. 

Send  for  Free  Real  Estate  Bulletin. 
Southwestern  Va.  Land  Agency,  Wrlheville.  Va. 


8o  South. 


For  full  par- 

ticuNrs  write 

A.   JEFFERS, 

Norfolk,  Va. 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  nnm- 
bers  can  be  had  for  25  centa.  Addr««i 
our  Business  Office. 


WANTED-FOR  SMALL  FARM  IN 
Chesterfield  County,  an  industrious 
man  who  understands  farmiBg,  ad- 
dress A.  G.  W.,  P.  O.  Box  947,  Rich- 
mond,  Va.  


MARK    YOUR    STOCK. 

rSE  THE 

KENTUCKY  ALUMINUM  EAR  LABEL 

Made  by  F.  H.  Jacksos  &  Co..  Winchester, Ky 
Write  to  them  for  free  samples. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


655 


FARMS  FOR  SALE! 

Farm  No.  2. 
Contains  265  acres;  215  under  culti- 
vation; 50  acres  original  oak  and 
hickory.  Fronts  on  the  pike  running 
from  Winchester  to  Alexandria;  five 
miles  from  railroad;  one-half  mile 
from  proposed  electric  railroad.  Elxcel- 
lent  six-room  dwelling  house,  with 
broad  halls,  standing  in  a  large,  nicely- 
shaded  blue-grass  lawn;  all  necessary 
outbuildings;  land  chocolate  clay,  with 
stiff  clay  subsoil;  all  level,  but  rolling 
enough  to  drain  well;  fine  for  wheat 
and  grass;  well  watered.  Owner  con- 
templates making  improvements.  But 
if  sold  before,  price  ?25  per  acre,  on 
easy  terms. 

No.  4. 

Contains  100  acres,  all  under  cultiva- 
tion, and  in  good  condition.  Good 
frame  dwelling  and  all  necessary  out- 
buildings in  good  condition.  Situated 
on  the  pike,  with  market  wagons  pass- 
ing every  day,  paying  Washington  city 
prices  for  produce.  Splendidly  situated 
for  fruit,  poultry,  dairy  and  trucking. 
Price  now,  $2,000.  on  easy  terms. 

No.  10. 

This  farm  contains  100  acres — 40 
acres  in  white  oak,  chestnut  and  pine; 
60  acres  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation. 
In  lots  of  from  8  to  12  acres  in  a 
field;  well  fenced.  Especially  adapted 
to  fruit  and  wheat  and  clover.  Has  a 
nice  S-room  house,  two  porches,  new 
barn,  double  grainary,  wagon  drive 
and  cow  sheds.  A  good  4-room 
tenant  house.  Situated  2%  miles  from 
station  on  main  line  of  Southern  rail- 
road ;  5  miles  from  county  seat  of 
Fairfax  county.  Price,  $20  per  acre. 
No.  11. 

Contains  315  acres  in  high  state  of 
improvement.  Large  frame  dwelling, 
10  rooms,  2  large  cattle  barns,  and  all 
necessary  farm  buildings  in  good  re- 
pair. Land  watered  by  spring  branches. 
Situated  in  aristocratic  neighborhood. 
Convenient  to  depot  and  to  Washington 
market.  Price,  $50  per  acre. 
No.  15. 

An  excellent  dairy  farm  of  144  acres 
situated  in  upper  Fairfax  county,  .S 
miles  from  railroad  station:  about  100 
acres  under  cultivation,  balance  in 
white  oak  and  hickory  timber.  This  is 
a  model,  up-to-date  dairy  farm,  with 
all  necessary  appliances  and  machinery 
for  a  first  class  dairy.  The  owner  is 
now  shipping  about  $10  worth  of  milk 
and  cream  per  day.  Write  for  descrip- 
tion and  price. 

W.  E.  MILLER, 
Herndon,  Va. 


REPORTS. 

U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  Farmers  Bulletin 
No.  178.  Insects  Injurious  In 
Cranberry  Culture. 

Illinois  Experiment  Station,  Urbana, 
111.  Bulletin  87.  The  Structure 
of  the  Corn  Kernel  and  the  Com- 
position of  its  Different  Parts. 
Bulletin  88.  Soil  Treatment  for 
Wheat  in  Rotations,  with  Special 
Reference  to  Southern  Illinois 
Soils. 

Iowa  Experiment  Station,  Ames,  Iowa. 
Bulletin  09.     The  Chicken  Mite. 
Bulletin  70.     Some  Weeds  of  Iowa. 
Bulletin    71.     The    Keeping    Quality 
of  Butter, 

Hatch  Experiment  Station,  Amherst, 
Mass.  Bulletin  91.  Injuries  to 
Shade  Trees  from  Electricity. 

Nebraska  Experiment  Station,  Lincoln, 
Neb.  Experiments  in  the  Culture 
of  the  Sugar  Beet. 

Ohio  Experiment  Station,  Wooster,  O. 
The  Maintenance  of  Fertility. 

Rhode  Island  Experiment  Station, 
Kingston,  R.  I.  Bulletin  93.  Com- 
mercial Fertilizers. 

Virginia  Weather  Bureau,  Richmond, 
Va.     Report  for  August,  1903. 

West     Virginia     Experiment     Station, 
Morgantown,  W.  Va.     Bulletin  86. 
Cranberries  in  West  Virginia. 
Bulletin  87.     Greenhouses. 

Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture, 
West  Indies  Agricultural  News, 
News,  August  15th  and  29th.  1903. 


CATALOGUES. 

Peter  Henderson  &  Co.,  35  and  37 
Cortlandt  street,  New  York  Autumn 
Catalogue. 

Peter  Henderson  &  Co.,  35  and  37 
Cortlandt  street.  New  York.  Agri- 
cultural Seeds  for  Fall  Sowing. 

Florida  Nut  Nurseries.  J.  T,  Jones 
&  Son,  Proprs.,  Monticello,  Fla. 

John  Lightfoot,  Sherman  Heights. 
Tenn.,  Catalogue  of  Strawberry  and 
Raspberry  Plants,  etc. 

LIVE  WILD  GAME  WANTED. 
Dr.  Cecil  French  is  advertising  in  an- 
other column  for  all  kinds  of  live  wild 
game.  He  wants  particularly  wild 
turkeys,  quail,  pheasants,  grey  squir- 
rels, bear  cubs,  deer,  raccoons,  foxes 
and  the  like.  As  the  open  game  season 
is  now  upon  us,  our  readers  should  be 
on  the  look  out  for  some  of  the  above, 
as  Dr,  French  is  ready  to  turn  it  into 
the  coin  of  the  realm  for  them. 


SALES  AT  BACON  HALL. 

Messrs.  E.  M.  Gillet  &  Son  write  us 
as  follows:  "We  take  pleasure  in  re- 
porting the  following  recent  sales: 
Herefords,  Mr.  D.  L.  Flory.  of  Virginia, 
picked  "Goodenough,"  a  very  good  son 
of  "Gold  Standard,"  out  of  "Lovely." 

Berkshires:  Mr.  S.  H.  Anderson,  of 
Virginia,  writes:  "I  ani  very  much 
pleased  with  the  3  sows  and  1  boar  I 
got  from  you."  Mr.  W.  P.  Husband, 
of  Maryland,  bought  1  bred  sotv  and 
gave  me  2  orders,  R.  T.  Owen,  of 
Pennsylvania,  got  1  boar  pig.  Satis- 
faction or  no  pay  is  the  motto  of  "Ba- 
con Hall." 


If  your  lamp- 
chimneys  break, 
say  Macbeth  to 
your  grocer — 
loud! 

He  knows. 

You  need  to  know  how  to  manage  youi 
lamps  to  ha  ve  comfort  with  them  at  small  cost. 
Better  read  my  Index ;  I  send  it  free. 

Macbeth,  Pittsburgh. 


FREE  SAMPLE 

Of  "THE    STORY   OF   MY    tIFE     ANI> 
"WORK,"  By  Booker  T,  WasWngton. 

Send  aa  your  name  and 
addreea.  W©  want  you 
to  have  a  copy  of  tWa 
autobiography  of  tho 
greatest  living  Negro 
for  the  purpose  of  in- 
troducing- It  In  your 
community.  It  Is  a 
remarkable  seller,  biff 
profit;  agents  are  mak- 
ing from  S4  to  SIO  per 
day.  Will  you  Intro- 
duce It  by  selling  or 
g'etting  113  an  agent? 
If  so.  send  at  once  for 
a  sample. 

J.L.  NICHOLS  &  CO., 
Atlanta,  Ga. 
Sellln^FriceSl.OO.  <»t6  Austell  i^uildinff;. 


DO  YOU  OWN  STOCK? 

If  so,  do  you  know  how  to 
care  for  it  when  sick?  Our 
Stock  Book  tells  you  all  about 
animals  and  their  diseases. 
Write  for  terms.  Agents  want- 
ed everywhere.  Most  liberal 
terms.     Outfit  free. 

B.  M.  ANDERSON  &  CO., 
Box  533.         =         Richmond,  Va. 


Consvilting    Entomolog'ist 

"^?,  nrr^  A.  Arsene  Qirault,  ,^2 

—    CARE  ALLEGHANY  ORCHARD  CO., 

-  ■  ':,'.      Paw  Paw,  W.  Va.?%ri.:i-t 

Answering  In  detail,  accompanlng,  where 
possible  with  specimens  and  explanatory  notes; 
life-history  a  specialty;  charges  low.  Not  ■ 
bureau  of  Information.  Write  at  once  and 
worry  me.  ' 


Un  Or\JUI»in  OUR  TISSUE  REPAIRS  FABRICS 
NU  otulIlU  of  all  kinds;  package.  lOc.  with 
Instructions.  ZONEE  riFG.  CO.,  2010  Cleve- 
land, Ave.,  Phila. 


656 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTETJ. 


Oetoter 


''Glen  Rock" 

All  Wool 

Clothing 

Direct  from  Mill. 


Men'm  lt»>  k' Hn<l  ftilhli 
of  50  pir  t*nt.  We  )ih' 
counliY  Bflliim  (■lotiiiiiK  < 


III.' 


under  III*"  saine  roof.  f>ur  un<Kls  arc  hiiiidsnmely 
made  uf  nil  w  ul  and  trimmed.  Tlie  cloilt  is 
made  frotii  Hue  sclocted  wools.  Kvery  Kaiiiieni 
bears  our  lal>el  and  Is  jniaraiiteed  for  one  year.  1 1 
not  wejiring  BatlBfatitorily,  may  be  returned  and 
anotber  will  be  sent  free  of  nil  expense. 

Our  madMo-  measure  men's  suits  for  S7.G0  or  Sl0.i«i 
■would  lost  Sl>'t>(»to  Si':.iit  yoiir  tailor'B.  llandsonir 
line  of  Full  and  Wiiiier*  tveiniats  at  an  equal  savin;^. 

Hand'Shfunk  CoUats, 
Hand'tnade  Button  Holes, 
Padded  Shouldersm 

We  sell  either  tailor-niadt?  or  ready-made  clotliin.u'. 
Men's  all  wool  and  worsted  tronser'a  S;-2.,S2.Wai!(i 
$;( ;  bandsomely  made  and  trimmed.  We  liave  tlie 
ebeapest,  sf roup's f  mid  best  all  wool  boys'  clothinfr. 
Also  cloth  by  the  yard  or  pieee,  and  ladies'  suiting 
and  skirting's.    Write  to-day  for  samples,  etc. 


HOW 


MONEY 
GROWS 


It  Is  what  you  save  and  what  youp  nion° 
ey  earns,  not  what  you  earn,  that  makes 
wealth.  Savingiseasy, but  knowing  how, 
when  and  where  to  safely  invest  your 
earnings  and 

GET  LARGE  PROFITS 

From    Small    Investments 

Is  the  key  to  wealth.  Afler  nil,  money 
making  Is  like  horticulture— a  malter  of 
growth— I'lant  the  seed  al  the  iiroper  lime 
In  good  soil,  and  your  har>est  is  eertiiln. 
He  who  makes  two  stalks  of  itorn  to  grow 
where  but  one  grew  before.  Increases  his 
income  by  doubling  his  harvest.  So  a  few 
dollars  invested  at  the  right  time  in  a 
good,  dividend-paying  enterprise  will 
Dear  fruit  a  hundred  fold. 

Send  for  l-ree  llooklet,  "<linili-  fur  In- 
vrst',i:i"  which  shows  how  to  make  an  ab- 
solutely safe  and  profitable  investment. 
It  may  save  you  a  loss  or 

MAKE  YOUR  FORTUNE 


STOa  GUARANTY  &  SURETY  CO., 
Dcpt.  B.   1 122  Market  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal- 

Ayinls    WunUd    in  rrrru  cili,   and   tuwn. 


PARINPT  PHOTOS  FREE.  Write  lor  comhinn- 
uHDIIILI  il"n  ■.ll.Toronedozeneo|.ied  from 
any  i.l.lorc.    CRAMER  ^OVELTY  CO.,  Orenlocli,  ^.  J 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  num- 
bers can  be  had  tor  25  cents.  AddreM 
our  Business  OfiQce. 


SWEET  POTATOES. 

A  pamphlet,  "Cultivation  and  Storage 
of  Sweet  Potatoes,"  gives,  as  is  be- 
lieved, a  more  practical  plan  for  keeping 
potatoes  than  any  other  that  has  here- 
tofore been  placed  before  the  people- 
Important  and  valuable  information 
that  is  not  contained  in  any  other 
known  publication  is  here  given.  Po- 
tatoes can  thus  easily  be  kept  in  good 
condition  12  months  or  longer.  The 
pamphlet  is  worth,  even  to  life-long  po 
tato  growers,  much  more  than  the 
price  asked. 

A.  F.  Funderburg.  Dudley,  S.  C,  in 
speaking  of  this  pamphlet,  says:  "I 
would  not  take  ten  times  its  cost  for 
it." 

The  pamphlet  has  been  introduced 
into  19  States  and  3  Territories.  The 
plans  are  simple  and  easily  understood. 
They  can  be  made  available  for  old 
style  potato  houses,  or  for  new  ones, 
specially  built,  preferably  the  latter. 
Order  now.     Do  not  delay. 

Price.  50  cents,  postpaid.     Address 
BRYAN  TYSON, 
Carthage.  N.  C. 

I  have  a  few  copies  of  a  formula  for 
excluding    moth    from     beehives    that 
will  be  sent,  as  long  as  they  last,  with- 
out charge,  to  those  who  request  it. 
B.  T. 


LEHMAN   HEATER. 
One  of  the  most  striking  advertise- 
ments in  this  issue  is  that  of  Messrs. 
Lehman  Bros.,  setting  forth  the  merits 
of  their  carriage  and  wagon  heater. 


The  accompanying  illustration  v  ill 
give  you  an  excellent  idea  of  tiiis  use- 
ful device.  It  is  simple,  neat,  durable 
and  very  handy.  Its  makers  eiaim 
that  it  will  make  a  vehicle  absolutely 
comfortable  in  the  coldest  weather: 
that  it  gives  continuous  heat  for  15 
hours  at  a  cost  of  one-half  cent  per 
hour;  that  danger  from  flre  is  impos- 
sible: that  it  is  unbreakable  and  will 
last  a  lifetime.  The  fact  that  2110  noo 
are  now  in  use  would  seem  to  confirm 
the  makers'  claim.  Refer  to  the  ad. 
and  send  for  catalogue. 


THE  WARRINER  STANCHION. 
This  patent,  chain  hanging  cattle 
stanchion  is  advertised  in  this  issue 
by  Mr.  W.  B.  Crumb,  of  Forestville, 
Conn.  From  glancing  through  his 
catalogue  we  find  that  numbers  of 
prominent  dairymen  and  Agricultural 
Stations  as  well,  sing  its  praises.  Bet- 
ter send  for  the  booklet,  if  interested, 
or  send  for  it  and  you  will  probably 
get  interested. 


Mention    the    Southern    Planter    In 
writing. 


SIN  JOSE  SGJLE  ISi'is 

GOOD'S    CAUSTIC    POTASH 

"WHALE  OIL  SOAP.  No.  3. 

It  also  prevents  Curl  Leaf.  Endorsed  by  en- 
tomologists. 'Jhis  soap  is  a  fertilizer  as  well  as 
insecticide  60  lb.  kegs,  S2.fi0: 100  lb.  kegs.  $1  HO. 
Half  barrels,  270  lbs,,  at  :j,'.jC.  per  lb.:  barrels, 
4-5  lbs.,  at  3i^c.  Large  quantities,  special  rates. 
Send  for  circular. 

JAMES  GOOD. 
9;j9—tl  N.  Front  St.,  philaoei.phia.  p*. 


FRAZER 

Ax'e  Grease  .h^^fol^d. 

Its  wearing  qualities  are  unsurpasseii.  ac- 
tually ovil'asting  3  bxs-  any  other  brand, 
Not  affected  bv  heat.    .ftg^Get  the  Genuine. 
FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  DEAl.KKS. 


"Feeds  and  Feeding" 

Prof.  Henry's  Great  Book  for 
Farmers  anil  Stockmen. 

Delivered  anywhere  for        -        -    $2.00 
With  the  SOUTHERN  PLANTER,  .252 


ISAfiiTE 

GREENSBORO,  N.C. 

For  the  treatment  of  THE  LIQUOR,  OPIUM,  MORPHINE  .nd 
^ther  Drug  Addictions.  The  Tobbacco  Habit,  Nerve  Exiiaustian 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


657 


ItOCKLICK  IT 
TOCK^IKE  IT 


BLACKMAN'S 
MEDICATED 

SALT  BRICK 

I  The  only  ^»r»nteed  Tonic,  Blood  Pa»l- 
fier,  Kidney  and  Liver  Regulator  and 
alder  of    Digestion  for  all  stock.     A 

[  eurehlton  worms.  Ticks  cannot  live. 
No  dosing,  no  drenching,  and  no  waste 

I  of  feed.  Yoor  horsa  his  own  doctor. 
Endorsed  by  thousands  Special 
O^er  of  foar  bricks  sent  prepaid  to 
any  addres«  on  receipt  ot  one  dollar. 
Money  refunded  if  not  satfsfled.  For 
full  dascriptire  circulars,  tesUmonl&l^ 
etc.    address 

BlackmaB  Stock  Remedjr  Ce. 

930  Highland  Park,  Ohattanoog»,Teiui. 


150  Jacks,  Jennets  and  Mules. 

Best  assortment  I  ever  owned.  Can 
suit  you  exactly.  Write  for  descrip- 
tion aEd  prices.  Also 
will  sell  2  Percberon 
Stallions  at  close  fig- 
ures. 

BAKER'S  JACK  FARM. 
Lawrence.  Ind. 


Knight  &  Jetton, 

Breeders  of  and  Dealers  In 

Jacks,   Jennets,   Stallions. 

Durham  and  Hereford 

YEAKLING.S. 

Send  stamp  for  Catalogue. 

Murfreesboro,  Tenn, 


^ 


Jacks,  Jennets  and  Stallions 

FOR  SALE.  Fine  .Jacks  a 
.«PKriAi,TY.  Wh.n  writing 
slate  exactly  what  vou  want 
or  come  and  see  our  stock. 

W.  E.  KNIQHT  &  CO., 
RouleS,  Nashville,  TeoD. 


A  nice,  smooth  BLACK  JACK  for  sale 
foaled  ill  UiOO;  also  pure  bred  Fox  Hound 
Pups  of  the  celebrated  Maupin  &  Walker 
strain,  apply  to 
SNOW. HILL  KENNELS.  Woolsey,  Vs. 

Sale  or  Sxchange 

2  BE.AUTIFUL  JACK.S,  for  pure-bred 
Red  Polled  cattle,  good  draft  or  coach 
stallions.     W.  S   MOTT,  Dixondale,  Va 

WANTED! 

ALL  KINDS   OF 

LIVE  WI,.D  BIROS  AND  ANiMAL! 

Particularly  Deer.  Wild  Turkeys.  WhlU 
bqulrrels.  Ducks,  Swans,  Hob  White  Ouall 
Grey  Squirrels,  Etc. 

CECIL  FRENCH, 

718  Twelfth  St.  N.  W.,  Washinglor 


Thirty-six  years  of  continuous  suc- 
cess. Just  thinl<  what  that  means. 
Thirty-six  long  years  in  business,  each 
year  more  successful  than  the  previous 
one,  with  never  a  backward  movement, 
always  growing  larger,  ever  increasing 
in  popular  favor.  How  many  that 
were  doing  business  .36  years  age  are 
even  in  existence  to-day?  Very,  very 
few.  In  this  age  of  development  and 
fierce  competition,  a  concern  must  do 
business  right,  treats  its  customers 
right,  and  sell  what  is  right,  to  even 
hold  its  own,  much  less  advance.  To 
do  otherwise  means  that  the  concern 
of  to-day  is  likely  to  be  out  of  the 
running  to-morrow.  The  graveyard 
of  business  failures  is  full  to  overiflow- 
ing.  But  thirty-six  years  of  coutin- 
uous  success  and  still  growing.  Think 
of  it!  How  has  it  been  accomplished? 
In  just  one  way.  By  selling  absolutely 
pure  whiskey,  direct  from  our  own 
distillery  to  the  consumer,  saving  him 
the  enormous  profits  of  the  dealers, 
and  carrying  out  to  the  letter  every 
statement  or  offer  we  make,  thereby 
creating  a  confidence  with  our  over  a 
quarter  of  a  million  satisfied  customers 
that  cannot  be  broken.  Read  our  offer 
elsewhere  in  this  paper.  The  Hayner 
Distilling  Company. 


IMPORTED  "BRITISHER." 
We  are  certainly  very  much  obliged 
to  Messrs.  Giltner  Bros.,  proprietors  of 
the  Kentucky  Herefords.  for  a  hand- 
some lithograph  of  their  splendid  herd 
bull,  Britisher,  1450fi6.  It  immediately 
found  its  way  to  our  walls.  This  splen- 
did bull  is  certainly  entitled  to  be 
called  the  "Record  Breaking  Champ- 
ion," as  he  was  champion  over  all  beef 
breeds  in  England,  and  also  won  the 
sweepstakes  championship  in  Here- 
fords at  the  International  Show  at 
Chicago  in  1902.  Look  up  this  firm's 
ad.  and  send  for  a  neat  little  catalogue. 


OUR  NATIONAL  SHAME. 
It  cannot  be  denied  that  of  late  the 
soberest-minded  men  among  us  have 
been  filled  with  a  solicitude  amounting 
to  anxiety  in  noting  the  momentum  of 
certain  dangerous  tendencies  in  Amer- 
ican life.  The  trend  toward  mob  law 
in  various  sections  of  the  country;  the 
increased  violence  of  the  aggressions 
upon  the  right  of  workingmen  to  labor 
unmolested;  the  revelations  of  public 
and  private  corruption,  and  especially 
of  the  buying  and  selling  of  legislation 
and  franchises;  the  growth  of  the 
eambJing  mania  among  women  as  well 
as  men;  the  vulgar  rush  for  social 
prominence;  the  widespread  system  of 
"graft"  and  blackmail  which  has  grown 
up  in  all  classes  in  the  haste  to  be 
rich — these  familiar  phenomena  are 
crowding  upon  our  attention,  straining 
our  optimism  and  shaming  our  na- 
tional pride  at  the  very  time  when  we 
are  called  upon  to  exult  in  the  com- 
mercial greatness  of  the  country  and 
its  peculiar  qualifications  for  redeem- 
ing the  benighted  regions  of  the  world. 
— From  an  Editorial  in  the  October 
en tury. 


Horse  Owners!    Use 

GOMBATJLT'S 

Caustic 


Balsam 


I  Safe  Sptedf  and  Fositire  Can 
The  Safest,  Sent  BLISTER  ever  used.  Take* 
the  place  of  all  liniments  lur  mihl  or  severe  action. 
Removes  Buncbesor  BIcmishea  from  Hone* 
and  Cattle.  SUPERSEDES  ALL  CAUTERY 
OR  FIRING.  ImTOsaible  to  rroduce  scar  or  blemialu 
Every  bottle  sold  is  warranted  to  give  satisfaction 
Price  $1,50  per  bottle.  Bold  by  drusKlats,  or 
lent  by  express,  charcea  paid,  with  full  directions 
for  its  use.  Send  for  descriptive  circulars. 
rHB  LAWBBNCB-WII.I.IAMS  CO.,  CleTeland   O, 


FOUTZl 

HORSE 

i      -AND   .'_ 

eATTLE 
POWDER 


DAViD  E.FOUTZ 
B^LTIM09£.MI>. 


A  medicine  which  makes 

sick  animals  well,  the  diseased 

whole,  the  weak  strong   and   the 

thin  fat.     It  will  restore  lost  Appetite, 

txpcl  Worms  and  cure  Chronic  Cough, 

Heaves,  Influenza,  Distemper,   Hidc- 

y  bound.  Indigestion,  Constipation,  Flat- 

kulcncy  ard  ail  Siomach  and  Bowel 

I   trouble. 

est  of  all  arumal 


NE\TTON*SUeaT«,  Cangh,  Dto* 
temper    and  IndlgestloD  Care. 


PERCHERON   COLTS. 

I  offer  3  pure  bred  last  spring  foals 
(2  stallions,  1  filly),  sired  by  Brillimt 
Mona7-ch.  Jr.     Wt.  1,800  pounds.     Also 

POLAN  D   CHINA 

Pigs,  both  sexes,  5  mos.  old,  sired  by 
a  son  of  Chief  Tecumseh  2d,  and  a 
grandson  of  Chief  Perfection  2d.  Both 
colts  and  pigs  are  choice  stock  and 
eligible  to  registry.     Write  me. 

THOS.  R.  SMITH, 
Lincoln,  Loudoun  Co.,  Va, 


8  HORSE  COLTS 

FOR  SALE.  3  are  2  years  old  past;  5  are  1  year 
old  past.  All  are  sired  by  tiie  fine  registered 
saddle  horses,  OLD  MAC  and  GENTRY  D,  As  I 
am  unprepared  to  handle  them  this  year,  will 
sell  any  3  or  the  s  nt  a  prime  bargain.  Corre 
spondence  or  visit  solicitod. 

I.  L.  AMBERG,  Fletcher,  N.  C. 
(12  miles  below  Asheville.  Southern  R'y.) 


FOR  saL.^:. 

Large  English  Berkshire  Hogs, 
Barred   Plymou'h  Rock  Chickens 

BEN.  BOLT,  60747,  430  lbs.  as  a  yearling  at 
head  of  herd,      «S-EGGS  IN  SEASON. 
JOHN  P,  FOSTER.  Nocreek,  Ohio  Co.,  Kr. 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEE. 


r  October 


■Ihrlve  when  fi-.l  on  our 
BABY  CHICK  FOOD. 
A  I'diciC  liiilanoed  food.    Send  for  fref 
sample  iiii.i  our  large  illustrated'  catalog 
of  POULTRY  SUPPLIES, 

INCUBATORS. and 

BROODERS. 

FANCIERS'  SUPPLY  CO., 

517-519  West  Broad  St., ^ 

Richmond,  Va. 

EVKRYTHINO     I  OR    THE    FANCIER. 


FINE  TURKEYS.  -'J'^'  ^"  ■ '  ^""""^ 

Last  year  my  Mammoth  Bronze  turkevs  were 
very  tine,  liul  this  yearthebest  leversan".  Thev 
are  the  S.  K.  Johnston  etock,  derived  from  prize 
winners.  .SI'ECIAL  RATES  to  those  sending 
money  before  Nov.  1st.  and  the  most  select  birds 
to  first  orders.  I  also  haven  few  very  fine  thor- 
oughbred Harred  I'lymouth  Rock  cockerels  for 
sale.  Hates  reasonable  on  all.  Write  for  circulars 

PIRDMONT    POULTRY    PLACF, 
Miss  E.  Ciilie  Giles,  Prop.        .       Whitile's  Depot,  Va. 

BROWN    LEGHORNS. 


Young  stock  for  .sale  in 
Fall.     Prices  rea.sonable. 

White   Plymouth    Rocks. 

R.W.  HAWJr.,  -        Cenlralia,  Va. 


PIT  games: 

Black  Devils  and  Red  Horses. 

These  cock«  won  HO  )icr  cent  of  battles  fought 
in  1901  and  I'.roi'  and  liiive  never  lost  a  battle 
when  gamciK-ss  and  culling  qualities  could  win. 
Choice  lot  of  young  and  old  stock  for  sale. 

THOS.  W.  JARMAN.  Yancey  Mills,  Va. 


32  Varieties 
Best  Poultry 

in  either  old  or  voiitit'  sto^k-^ 


Reduced  price 
00  eggs  bal  of 
season,  'ietmy 
fine  catalog,  ia 
free  for  stamp. 
Manv  breeding 
birds,  to  offer.  I 
can  please  you 


JNO.  E.  HEATWOLE.  Harrisonburg.  Va. 


....  GARNETT'S  LAYERS  .... 

S,  C.  Black  Minorca's  &  S.  C.  White  Legiiorns 

of  the  Best  Strain's  Extant. 
This  is  tlie  month  to  order  vour  cock- 
erels  have  a  nice  lot  for  sale,  jl.OO  each; 
no  pullets  for  sale. 
J.  MILTON  GARNETT,  Mitchell's.  Va. 


FIRST  CLASS   FOWLS 

FOR  SALK.  rllEAP. 

Barred,  Buff  and   White  Plymouth  Rocks, 
White  Wyandottes.  Light  Brahmas,  Buff  and 
PartridEC    Cochins,    Black    ninorcas,    Black 
Langshans,  Brown  and  White  Leghorns. 
Now  is  the  time  to  .secure  bargains. 

0,»KLAND   POl'I.THV    FARM, 

C.  J.  WARINER,  Mgr..  RrFFiN,  N.  C. 


With  this  issue  the  season's  adver- 
tisinp;  of  the  familiar  Monarch  French 
Burr  and  Attrition  Feed  Mills  starts. 
Old  readers  leniember  the  advertise- 
r.ients  fiom  past  seasons.  These  mills 
have  found  their  way  into  the  feed 
barns  of  many  who  read  this  paper. 
If  there  had  been  any  note  of  dissatis- 
faction we  should  be  sure  to  know  it. 
These  Monarch  Mills  are  admirably 
adapted  to  the  feeder's  purposes.  We 
have  no  hesitation  in  recommending 
them  unreservedly.  But  an  intending 
buyer  need  not  buy  on  faith.  Note  the 
liberal  time  given  to  try  before  con- 
summating the  purchase.  It  shows  the 
serene  confidence  the  manufacturers 
have  in  their  product.  Catalogue  with 
full  description  can  be  obtained  by 
writing  the  manufacturers.  Sprout. 
Waldron  &  Co..  Box  202,  Muncv.  Pa, 


DISCONTENT  WITH  WORK. 
That  there  is  much  discontent  with 
work  among  the  so-called  middle  class 
in  America  is  due  in  large  part  to  the 
pampering  of  children,  to  the  supply- 
ing of  their  natural  and  artificial  wants 
and  to  the  sentimental  idea  that  "their 
day  of  toil  will  come  soon  enough." 
In  general,  work  is  not  a  curse,  but  a 
blfssin.g — a  positive  means  of  grace. 
One  can  hardly  begin  too  early  to  im- 
press upon  children  lessons  of  self- 
help  by  tasks  appropriate  to  their  age 
and  forces,  and  to  beget  in  them  scorn 
of  idleness  and  of  dependence  on  oth- 
ers. To  do  this  is  to  make  them  happy 
through  the  self-respect  that  comes 
with  the  realization  of  power,  and  thus 
to  approximate  Tennyson's  goal  of 
man:  "Self-reverence,  self-knowledge, 
self-control." — From  an  Editorial  in 
the  October  Century. 


RAISE  MORE  MXTLES. 
Baker's  Jack  Farm,  which  has  long 
been  advertising  with  us,  sends  us  a 
little  folder  giving  20  reasons  why 
farmers  should  raise  more  mules.  We 
suggest  that  all  interested  parties  send 
for  it.     Here  are  the  first  four: 

I.  They  can  bo  raised  cheaper  than 
any  other  stock. 

II.  Will  go  into  the  market  sooner 
than  horses. 

III.  They  are  marketable  any  time 
from  weaning  time  (four  months  old) 
until  incapacitated  by  old  age. 

IV.  Are  less  liable  to  contract  dis- 
eases than  the  harsc. 


OLDEST  CLOCK  IN  THE  WORLD. 

The  great  clock  of  Wells  Cathedral, 
in  Somersetshire,  England,  is  very 
nearly  the  oldest  and  certainly  one  of 
the  most  interesting  of  clocks  in  exist- 
ence. It  was  built  in  1322.  by  Peter 
Lightfoot.  one  of  the  monks  of  Glas- 
tonbury Abbey,  six  miles  from  Wells, 
where  it  ran  for  2.")0  years,  until  the 
abbey  was  dissolved  by  Henry  VIII,. 
and  its  'ast  abbot  hanged  over  his  own 
gateway.  The  clock  was  then  re- 
moved to  W^ells,  where  it  has  been 
running  ever  since." — From  "The 
Great  Clock  of  Wells"  in  October  St. 
A'ic7io/a.9. 


White    Wyandottes,    Buff    Leg- 
horns, Bronze  Turkeys. 

I  can  supply  a  few  trios  of  White 
Wyandotte  Cockerels  and  Pullets.  Im- 
mediate delivery.     Fine  layers. 

Buff  Leghorn  Cockerels  of  extra  fine 
laying  strain  ready  for  delivery  in  No- 
vember. 

Bronze  Turkeys  in  pairs  or  trios. 
All  at  reasonable  prices. 

One  U.  S.  Separator  in  perfect  re- 
pair. Capacity  350  pounds  milk  per 
hour.     Cost  $125.     Price,   $50. 

A.  R.  VENABLE,  Jb., 
Milnwood  Dairy  Farm. 

P.  O.  Box  147,  Parmville,  Va. 


Barred  and  White 

PLYMOUTH  ROCKS 

Single  and  R.  C.  B.  Leghorn,  S.  L. 
Wyandottes,    Light    Brahma    and    B. 
Minorca  Cockerels  for  sale.     $1  per  sin- 
gle bird;  a  trio  for  $3. 
J.  B.  JOHNSON,  Clover  Hill  Farm, 

Manassas,  Va. 


$1.00  each  during:  October  only, 

B.  P.  R.  chicks  bred  from  Hawkins,  Thompson  & 
Bradley  Bros,  prize  wiimers. 
Protection  Duroc  Jersey  pigs  and  Perfection 
Poland-China  pigs. 

Only  the  best  is  bred  at  "The  Cedars."    Fan- 
cier's stock,  farmers  prices, 

THE  CEDARS  WH.  G.  OWENS,  -•" 

P.  and  S.  FARH.  Midlathian,  Va.  3 


Genuine  B.  Plymouth  Rock  chick- 
ens,' Al.  Bronze  turkeys,  Toulouse 
geese,  Guineas,  Pea  fowls. 

Eggs  in  season  from  chickens  and  tur- 
keys. 
Mrs.  W.  F.  JACKSON,  Olga  P.  O  , 
Amelia  Co.,  Va. 


Barred  Plymouth  Rocks,  f^^t-^^. 

FOR  SALE;  strong,  healthy,  vigorous 
farm-raised  pullets — l>red  for  laying. 
\VM.  B  LEWIS,  Irby,  NottowayCo,  Va. 


300  White   Leghorn 

Pullets  (3  bred)  wanted.  Write  me, 
stating  how  many  you  can  sell  and  at 
what  price.     F.  E.  WILLIAMS,  M.  D. 

Capron,  Va. 


AFRICAN  OEESE.— Pure-bred  African 
geese.  A  few  ptiirs  for  sale,  also  Bro- 
ken Haired  Bassett  hound  pups.  Miss 
A.  WOKTHINGTON,  Ivy  Depot,  Va. 


FOR    SALE— 'Trio    Toulouse    Geese; 

1901   hatch,  or  will  exchange  for  trio 

good  M.  Bronze  Turkeys. 

DAVID  W.  LEARY,  Mattoax,  Va. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


659 


Market  Toppers  for  Sale,  Low. 


Lot  fine  Res.  Angus  bull  calves,  five 
to  six  mos,,  $75. 

Lot  g  grade  Angus  heifers  coming  2 
years.  Sate  in  calf  by  Reg.  Angus 
bull.     Price,  61c.  per  pound. 

1  Bull  Calf  coming  4  mos.,  out  of  fine 
Hereford  cow,  by  Reg.  Angus  bull.     $40 

Lot  i  grade  Angus  heifers,  coming 
1  year.     Price,  6c.  per  pound. 

One  12  mos.  old  Reg.  Angus  heifer. 
$100. 

One  first  class  black  mare  mule,  7 
years  old;  wgt.  1.200.  Very  quick  and 
active.     $150.     Cheap  at  $200. 

One  fine  Dorset-Shropshire  ram 
lamb,  five  mos.,  wgt.  75  pounds.     $8. 

Pure  white  Plymouth  Rock  Cock- 
erels, each  $1. 

Pure  Silver  Lace  Wyandotte  Cock- 
erels, each  $1. 

W.  M.  WATKINS  &  SONS, 

Charlotte  county.      Randolph,   Va. 


ANGUS  BULL  CALVES 

SIRED    BY  THE 
CKampion    Bull    BARON    IDA. 

These  calves  are  choice  individuals. 

ENGLISH  SETTER  PUPS. 
Sire  and  dam  prize  winners. 
WARREN  RICE,  Winchester,  Va. 


5  finely  bred  registered 

Aberdeen  Angus  Heifers 

For  sale  at  a  bargain.  2  are  17  mos. 
old;  2  are  6  mos.  old,  and  1  is  S  mos. 
old.  C.  P.  &  J.  BUTTON, 

Walker's  Ford,  Va. 
Lavteel  Hili,  Farm. 


A  NOTE  IN  PASSING. 

"Yes,"  said  the  bandmaster,  "we  do 
have  troubles  with  our  musicians 
sometimes. 

"Once  we  were  engaged  to  play  at  a 
funeral.  Our  notice  was  very  short, 
so  we  had  no  rehearsal.  We  reached 
the  cemetery  without  any  mishap,  but 
there  something  happened.  We  were 
to  play  a  solemn  measure  while  the 
body  was  being  lowered  into  the  grave. 
Only  a  few  instruments  were  needed. 
I  was  slowly  and  solemnly  swinging 
my  baton,  the  spectators  were  silently 
weeping,  when  suddenly  the  trombone 
gave  a  loud,  long  blast,  enough  to 
wake  the  dead.  Some  of  the  mourn- 
ers fainted,  the  players  stopped  in  con- 
sternation, and  I  jumped  over  chairs 
and  racks  to  where  the  trombonist,  a 
dull,  heavy  German,  sat,  stolidly  gaz- 
ing at  his  music. 

"  'What  the  devil  did  you  mean  by 
bursting  out  that  way?"  I  shouted. 

"He  raised  his  eyes  slowly  to  mine. 

"  'Veil,  I  vas  vatching  de  music,  und 
just  den  a  horse-fly  got  on  de  paper.  I 
fought  he  vos  a  note,  und  I  blayed 
him.  Dat  was  all,  ain't  it?" — October 
Lippincott's. 


Splendid  Registered 

ANGUS    BULL 

Age  17  mos.,  thoroughly  tick  proof 
(immune),  for  sale.  Price.  $250.  Also 
a  beautiful  5  mos.  ANGUS  HEIFER. 
No  kin  to  bull,  for  $50.  Write  for 
breeding,  etc.      C.  A.  WILLIAMS, 

Ringwood,   N.   C. 


riontebello  Herd 

Aberdeen  Angus  Cattle 

Reg.  buU  calves;  also  lirst  class  BERK- 
SHIRE PIGS  of  Biltmore  strain,  for  sale 
by  L.  H.  GRAY,  Lock  box  58,  Orange,Va. 


PRINCE  RUPERT. 
Mr.  E.  G.  Butler,  of  Annefield  Farms, 
breeder  of  Herefords  and  Berkshires, 
sends  us  a  handsome  lithograph  of  his 
celebrated  stock  bull.  Prince  Rupert. 
Mr.  Butler  has  every  reason  to  be 
proud  of  this  bull,  not  only  for  his 
past  record,  but  for  his  present  per- 
formances. Look  up  his  advertisements 
elsewhere  in  this  issue  and  send  for  a 
photo  of  Prince  Rupert. 


NONE  ON  HAND. 

"Dock"  Squires  was  a  queer  old 
"yarb"  doctor  of  decidedly  limited  edu- 
cation who  flourished  in  New  England 
a  good  many  years  ago.  One  day  some 
one  said  to  him: 

"See  here.  Dock,  have  you  any  di- 
ploma?" 

"Wal,  no;  I  ain't  got  none  on  hand 
just  now,  but  I'm  going  to  dig  some 
soon  as  the  ground  thaws  out  in  the 
spring." — October  Lippincott's. 


DE  LAVAI>  SEPARATORS. 
We  are  in  receipt  of  a  very  neat 
brochure,  printed  in  colors,  giving  de- 
scriptions and  prices  of  the  De  Laval 
Separator.  There  is  no  advertisement 
of  the  De  Laval  Separator  in  this  issue, 
but  if  any  are  interested  in  Cream  Sep- 
arators, it  might  be  well  for  them  to 
write  the  above  company,  in  New  York 
city. 


THE  QUIT  EVEN. 

A  red-headed  man  met  a  bald-headed 
man  on  the  street  one  day.  The  red- 
headed man  said  to  the  bald-headed 
man: 

"Huh!  there  don't  seem  to  have  been 
much  hair  where  you  came  from." 

"Oh,  yes,"  replied  the  bald-headed 
man,  "there  was  plenty  of  hair,  but  it 
was  all  red,  and  I  wouldn't  have  It." — 
October  Lippincott's. 


Kentucky 

Herefords 

Headed  by  the  famous 

inPORTED  BRITISHER 

No.  145096  Champion  Bull  over  &11  breeds  In 
England  and  Grand  Sweepstakes  Champion 
at  Chicago  1902  Live  Stools  Exposition. 

We  can  turnlsh  buyers  with  anything  they 
wish  from  the  FANCIEST  THAT  CAN  BH 
BRED  to  the  cheaper  class  usually  desired  by 
the  beginner.  Write  us  before  buying.  Glad 
to  answer  inquiries. 

Qiltner  Bros.,  Eminence,  Ky. 

V.P.I. 

Farm  Bulletin 

We  are  now  offering  some  choice  young 
Bulls  of  the  following  breeds: 

Shorthorn,  Hereford,  Aberdeen-Angus. 

Write  at  once  for  pedigrees  and  prices. 

D.  0.  NOURSE,  Prof,  of  Agr. 
Blacksburg,  Va. 


HAYFIELDS  STOCK  FARM  HAS 

FOR  SALE 

Seven    Registered    HEREFORD    BULLS    S 
months    old    to    iVa    years.    Two    Registered 
HEREFORD  HEIFERS  8   months   old  and  1 
year.    Si^  OXFORD    OWN  BUCK  LAMBS. 
WM.  D.  MERRYMAN, 

Cockeysville,  Md- 


nORSETS AND  HEREFORDS. 

Some  Exceptionally  Rare  Bargains  to  Quick  Buyers. 

My  herd  bull,  bull  calves  and  Dorset 

bucks.    Registered  stock. 
H.  ARMSTRONfi,  LANTZ   mills,  va. 


A  few  fine  ENGLISH  SET- 
TER puppies  for  sale  at  very- 
reasonable  prices. 

JOHN  A.  CLARK, 

Malvern  Hill,  Va. 


Scotch    Collie    Pups 

AND 

BerKshire  Pigs, 

For  .sale,  1  boar  ready  for  service.    Sat- 
isfaction guaranteed. 

E   M.  CALL,  Emory,  Va. 


COLLIE   PUPS 


By  Imported  Sires.  Sable  and  white  and  tri- 
colors. Prices.  $8  to  815.  Older  ones  correspond- 
ingly low-  Book  on  Training.  50  cents :  Free  if 
vou  buy  a  Collie.  MAPLEMONT  STOi  K  FARM, 
Albany,  Vermont. 


Mention    the    Southern   FUmtar   ia 
writing. 


660 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[October 


RED  POLLED  CATTLE 

FOR   SALE 

One  exti-a  fine,  pure-bred  Bull 
calf,  5  mos.  old,  out  of  18082 
Constance,  bj  that  grand  sire, 
Flotilla  6225. 

Also,  one  9  mos. ,  t  grade  bull, 
a  fine  animal,  excellent  for  gra- 
ding up,  and  will  knock  the 
horns  off  every  time,  address 

PIERSON  BROS.,  Summit, 
Spotsylvania  Co.,  Va. 


Swift    Creek  Stock  and   Dairy  Farm 


IB 


Has  for  sale  a  large  num- 
ber ot  nice  vouug  regii- 
tererl  A.  J.  C.  C. 

JERSEY  BULLS 
AND  HEIFERS. 

None  better  bred  In  the  South.  Combining 
closely  the  moat  noted  and  up-to-date  blood 
In  America.  Bulls  10  to  12  months  old,  J25: 
Heifers,  same  age,  |35.  POLAND  CHINA 
PIGS,  Jd  each.  Send  check  and  get  what 
}0U  want. 

T.  P.  BRASWELL.  Prop."  Battleboro.  N.  C. 

FOR  SALE — A   NO.   1   REG.    HERE- 
FORD   BULL,    7    months    old,    well 
marked,  weighing  over  500  Iba. 
Address  \VM.  C.  STUBBS, 
Sassafras  P  O  .  Gloucester  Co.,  Va 

ST.    OMER    HERD 

Offers  young  bulls  fit  for  service,  out  of 
tested  dams  with  good  yearly  records.  Strong 
In  E.Nile  of  St.  L.,  King  of  St.  L.  and  Stoke 
Pogis  of  Prospect.    Reasonable  prices. 

JOS.  T.  HOOPBS,  Bynum,  Md. 

Aryshires,   Berkshires  and  Oxford-Downs. 

Ayrshire  Calves  of  both  sexes,  Berkshire 
Pigs  and  Boar  and  2  Oxford- Down  Rams  for 
sale.  .MELROSE  CASTLE  FARM, 

Enos   H.    Hess.    Manager,   Casanova,   Va. 


j«^  ANGORA  GOATS  ^^< 

WANTED.  We  desire  to  purchase  25  to 
50  does,  also  the  same  number  of  does 
with  liids  by  their  .sides.  Write  us 
stating  lowest  cash  price. 

FOXHALI.  FARM,  Norfolk.  Va 


Purebred 
ANGORA    BUCK 

2  years' old,  for  sale.     Price  §1'0  f,  o.  b, 
Howardsville,  Va. 

C.  H.  NOLTING,  Medlock,  Va. 


FOR  SALE.— MY  REG.  ANGORA 
"Gilbert  of  Aganaw''  4  years  old,  and 
as  good  as  anybodys  goat.  Must  sell 
to  avoid  inbreeding.  Price  $25  00 
f.  o.  b.,  South  Bopton,  Va. 

W.  W.  STOCKWELL,  South  Boston,  A  a. 

ANGORA  GOATS  "l^T.irk^'}lZ%'lr. 

cular  address  E.  W.  COLE  &  CO.,  Big  Clifty,  Ky. 


POULTRY  FENCE. 
New  advertisers  in  this  issue  are 
Chase  Bros.,  of  Colchester.  Ct.  They 
make  a  specialty  of  M.  M.  S.  and  Union 
Lock  Poultry  Pence.  Look  up  their 
advertisement  and  send  for  interesting 
circulars,  etc. 


A  LIMIT  TO  ALL  THINGS. 

He  had  been  away  on  a  long  journey, 
and  upon  his  return  his  wife  was  de- 
tailing to  him  a  number  of  reforms 
and  improvements  which  she  had  suc- 
cessfully engineered  during  his  ab- 
sence. 

"And  you  know,"  she  said,  "that 
closet  that  was  locked  for  over  a 
month  and  which  you  said  couldn't  be 
opened  except  by  a  locksmith?  Well," 
—triumphantly — "I  opened  it." 

"Well,  well,  how  in  the  world  did 
you  do  It?" 

"With  a  hairpin." 

"And  the  furnace  door,"  she  con- 
tinued, "has  been  slopping  around  on 
one  hinge  for  ever  so  long  just  because 
you  were  too  lazy  to  fix  it,  but  it's  all 
right  now." 

"Well,  I'm  glad  you  had  it  fixed." 

"Had  it  fixed!  I  fixed  it  myself— 
with  a  hairpin." 

"And  then  there's  that  crayon  por- 
trait of  mother  that  stood  in  the  cor- 
ner for  almost  six  solid  weeks  because 
you  never  would  bring  me  any  picture 
hooks " 

"Well,  I  intended  to,  but — " 

"Oh.  'but!'  Well,  it  don't  make  any 
difference  now;  I  got  it  up  with  a  hook 
I  made  myself — out  of  a  hairpin." 

"Ye  gods!"  he  said. 

"And  there's  Willie;  you've  been 
coaxing  him  and  bribing  him  for  a 
year,  trying  to  break  him  ot  biting  his 
nails,  and  I  broke  him  In  a  week." 

"With  a  hairpin?"  he  inquired 
weakly. 

"No!"  she  snapped,  "don't  be  a 
goose!  With  a  hair  hrush!" — Truman 
Roberts  Andrews,  in  October  Lippin- 
cott's. 


JACKS  AND  JENNETS, 
Our  friends.  W.  E.  Knight  &  Co..  of 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  start  up  the  season's 
advertising  with  this  issue.  Jacks  and 
Jennets  are  their  specialty,  and  any 
one  interested  should  send  for  circu- 
lars giving  description  of  their  offer- 
ings. 


CASTALIA  HEREPORDS. 
Mr.  Murray  Boocock.  owner  of  the 
Castalia  Herofords,  writes  us  regard- 
ing his  present  offering  as  follows: 
"I  have  a  very  choice  lot  of  bulls  for 
sale,  from  18  to  20  months  old,  ready 
for  service,  at  prices  which  cattlensen 
can  afford  to  pay  because  the  return  on 
the  money  investment  is  quick  and 
sure.  I  am  offering  these  bulls  at  only 
a  little  over  calf  prices  to  meet  the  de- 
mand for  Registered  Hereford  year- 
ling bulls  at  a  low  price.  The  present 
offering  is  one  of  the  most  useful  lots 
I  ever  had.  They  are  all  rugged, 
thrifty,  blocky  fellows,  and  backed  by 
the  best  of  breeding." 


WARE  VIEW  FARM, 

GLOUCESTER,    VA. 

=   OFFERS  FOR  SALE  = 

3  large  Berkshire  Boars  : 

Beau  of  Biltmore, 

Columbiana's  Mason,  and 

Bob  Loomis,  Jr. 

Will  be  priced  low,  also  about  100 
head  of  extra  fine  Boar  and  Sow  pigs  by 
the  above  Boars  and  out  of  the  beet 
Sows.  Entitled  to  registry.  Price,  $12 
each,  or  3  for  $30,  Send  stamp  for  reply. 
R    S.  CAHERON  &  SON,  Props. 


RERKSHIRES 

ANNEFIELD  HERD 

Represents   the 

Finest  Blood  Lines 

in  Englandror  America. 

Stock  for  sale  at  all  times. 

Correspondence  Solicited. 

Inspection  Invited. 

EDW.  G.  BUTLER,  Annelield  Farms, 

Briggs,  Clarke  Co.,  Va. 


CHOICE  YOUNG 

BERKSHIRES 

of  Both  Sexes,  for  Sale. 

By   Hlghclere  Topper  of  Biltmore  II,  out  of 
Imported  Harlene. 

Miniborya  Farm,  Box  901 ,  Richmond,  Va, 


Southdown  aad 
Hampshiredown 


."^heep  and  Lam  bs 
FOR  SALE ;  also  ESSEX  pigs.  For 
prices,  apply  to        L  G.  JONES, 

Bethania,  N.  C. 


BERKSHIRES 

We  ofier  some  extra  choice  young  boars, 
entitled  to  registry.  These  are  particu- 
larly nice  pigs,  in  fact  they  are  "tops," 
and  we  sei.i.  only  'tops."  Let  me  have 
your  inquiries  and  orders. 
H.\WKSLKY  ..  J.  T.  OLIVER, 
Stock  F.*rii,  Allen's  Level,  Va. 

Poland  Chinas,  Cheater  Whites  and 
Mammoth  Bronze  Turkeys  at  Far- 
mers prices 

S.  M.  WISECARVER, 

Rustburg,  Va. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


661 


6  Scotch  Topped 

SHORT  HORN  BULL  CALVES 

6  Scotch  Topped  SHORT  HORN  Bull  Calves 
3  to  15  months  old;  reds  and  roans;  sired  by 
Verbena's  Champion  No.  1298S1,  and  Royal 
Chief  No.  183432,  and  he  by  imp.  Royal  Stamp 
No.  146662.  Poland  China  Spring  pigs,  good 
ones,  sired  by  Coler's  Perfection  No.  6S105. 
Pedigrees     furnished     with     all     stock     sold. 

Corae  or  write  your  wants. 

WM,  T.  THRASHER,  Springwood,  Va. 

ELLERSLIE     FARM  :>«-- 
Thoronghb ''ed  Horses 

AND  SHORTHORN  CAHLE, 

Pure  Sonthdo'wn  Sheep 
and  Berks *> ire  Pig». 

FoK  Sale.     R.  J.  HANCOCK  &  SON, 
Charlottesville,  Va. 


COOK'S  CREEK  HERD 


Scotch-Topped 
Shorthorns^*^ 


Herd  Headed  by  Governor  Tyler,  1.58.'>4.S. 
Young  Bulls  for  sale.  Inspection  and  corres- 
pondence invited. 

HEATWOLE  &  SUTER,  Dale  Enterprise,  Va. 


Q-uietucle 

SHORTHORNS 

FOR   SALE. 

1  vearling  bull,  3  buU  calves  2  twoyear-old 
heifers  bred  to  a  pure  Scotch  bull,  8  yearling 
heifers  and  a  few  cows.  This  stock  is  first  class 
and  in  excellent  couditlon.  Write  to  or  come 
to  see  T.  J.  THOMPSON,  Swoope,  Va 

PURE  BRED 

Short   Horn   Calves 

from  fine  Stock.     Also 

Yorkshire    Pigs 

of  very  Prolific  Breed. 

JAS    n.  HOQE,  Hamilton,  Va. 


Only  a  Few  of  My 

SHROPSHIRES 


Reg 


left,  and  they  MUST  go  by  Jan, 
1st,  as  I  am  discontinuing  farming 

I  oflfer  1  yearling  ram,  1  2-yr.  old  ram,  2  ram 
lambs,  2  ewes  aged  4  and  G  yrs.  at  a  bargain. 

Write  at  once.  H.  R.  GRAHAM,  Barclay,  Md. 


0.  I.  C  PIGS 


O.LC. 

SSKXSS*      FROn   REG.  STOCK. 
FOR  SALE.    PRICES  RIQHT. 
F.    S.   MICHIE,   Charlottesvirie,  Va. 


C.  Whites.  Fine  large 
strains.  All  ages,  mated 
not  a  in,  »  week,  pigs. 

Bredsows.  Service  boars  __    

and  Poultry.    Write  for  prices  and  free  circular. 
P.  F.  HAMILTON.  CochranvUle,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. 


HOG  REMEDY. 
All  readers  of  this  paper  are  familiar 
at  least  with  the  advertisement  of  the 
Haas  Hog  Remedy,  by  Dr.  Joseph  Haas, 
of  Indianapolis.  Among  them  are  very 
many  who  have  regularly  for  many 
j'ears  relied  upon  it  to  wara  off  aud 
cure  the  swine  plague.  It  is  enough 
to  say  of  it  that  Dr.  Haas'  remedy  has 
been  on  constant  trial  for  twenty- 
seven  years  by  the  hog  raisers  of  this 
country.  It  would  long  ago  have 
passed  out  of  mind  if  it  had  not  proven 
efiective.  Readers  should  note  the 
striking  difference  between  Dr.  Haas' 
guarantee  and  those  ordinarily  given. 
The  common  form  is  a  promise  to  re- 
fund the  money  paid  if  not  satisfac- 
tory. Dr.  Haas  goes  further.  The 
remedy  not  only  costs  nothing,  but 
where  his  plan  of  treatment  Is  follow- 
ed, he  agrees  to  pay  the  market  price 
for  all  hogs  that  may  die.  This  guar- 
antee, coming  from  a  man  financially 
responsible,  amounts  to  something  to 
hog  raisers,  whose  chief  hazard  is  the 
dreaded  cholera.  The  book  "Hogology" 
mentioned  in  the  advertisement  else- 
where develops  fully  the  Haas  plan. 
A  ropy  will  be  mailed  free  to  all  of  our 
readers  who  request  it 


TOO   SMALL  FOR  ITS  AGE. 

A  gentleman  who  had  employed  an 
old  colored  carpenter  to  do  a  piece  of 
rather  delicate  cabinet  work  for  him 
was  pleased  beyond  his  expectations 
with  the  result. 

Wishing  to  show  his  satisfaction,  he 
— after  paying  the  price  the  old  man 
asked — took  from  the  sideboard  a  bot- 
tle of  extraordinary  fine  whiskey  that 
had  just  been  sent  him  and  poured  a 
little  into  a  glass. 

"Uncle,"  he  inquired,  "have  you  ever 
tasted  any  whiskey  fifty  years  old?" 

"No.  sah,  I  never  has,"  replied  the 
old  darky,  his  voice  trembling  with 
anticipation. 

"Well,  try  that,  then,"  said  his  em- 
ployer, handing  his  the  glass,  "and  tell 
me  what  you  think  of  it." 

The  old  fellow  received  it  rever- 
ently, took  one  sip,  and  raised  his 
eyes  in  ecstasy. 

"Oh,  sah!  dat  am  sho'ly  de  fines' 
bev'rage  ris  chile  evah  taste.  But," 
with  an  anxious  glance  at  the .  very 
slight  quantity  in  the  glass,  "don't  you 
tink,  sah,  it  am  jus'  a  little  small  for 
its  age!" 

It  is,  perhaps,  needless  to  add  that 
this  gentle  criticism  had  the  desired 
effect. — October  Lippincott's. 


A  FAMILY  NAME. 

The  teacher  of  a  county  school  asked 
his  pupils,  one  day.  if  any  of  them 
could  tell  him  who  Joan  of  Arc  was. 

The  question  was  followed  by  pro- 
found silence.  Some  of  the  pupils 
stared  at  the  teacher,  and  some  turned 
and  stared  at  one  another,  as  if  seek- 
ing the  information  in  the  faces  around 
them. 

Finally  a  boy  burst  out  with: 

"O,  yes,  I  know — she  was  Noah's 
wife." — October  Lippincott's. 


WANTED  TO  BUY  A  FEW  HEAD  YOUNG 
CATTLE,  south  of  James  river  and  east  of 
Roanoke,  .'Shorthorns  or  grades  preferred  will 
also  buy  a  few  Angora  goats.  Address  '"W" 
care  of  this  office. 


RAISE    SQUABS: 

more   profitable  than  poultry      The  fa 
moii.sP.R  strain.     Prices  of  breeders  on 
application.     E.  C.  JOHNSON, 
Mana.ssas,  Va. 


^WOODLAND   DORSETS. 

QNE  of  our  customers  writes:  "My  saleB  of 
fi  Fo^,'^^v°°"''*  winter  lambs  run  this  year: 
flrst  87  head  brought  $870;  then  prices  de- 
clined somewhat.  I  am  looking  for  another 
good  Dorset  ram."  Woodland  Dorsets  are 
standard  m  excellence. 
J.  B.  WING  &  BROS.,  Mechanicsburg,  Ohio. 


"Crop  Growing 
and  Crop  Feeding." 

By  Prof.  W.  f.  Massey. 

383  Pp.    Cloth,  $r. 00;  Paper,  50c. 

We  offer  this  splendid  work  In  connec- 
tion with  the  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 
at  the  following  prices: 

Southern  Planter  and  Cloth 

Bound  Volume,  $1.25. 
Southern  Planter  and  Paper 

Bound  Volume,  90c. 
Old  or  new  BUbscriptloai. 


The  RICHMOND,  FREDERICKSBURG 

and  POTOMAC  R.  R. 
and  WASHINGTON  SOUTHERN  R'Y 

Form  the  Link  connecting  the 
Atlantic  Coast   Line  R.  R., 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  R.  R., 
Cliesapeake  and  Ohio  R'y, 
Pennsylvania  R.  R., 
l>eaboard  Air  Line  R'y 
and  Southern  R'y. 

Between  aO  points,  via  Richmond,  Va. 

Fast  Mall,  Passenger  and  Bxpreu  Ronte  be- 
tween Richmond,  Frederlcksburi:,  AlexaB- 
drla,  Washington,  Baltimore,  Phlladelphlt, 
New  York,  Boston,  Pittsburg,  Buffale  and  All 
Points  North.  East  and  West. 

W.  P.  TAYLOR,  Traffic  Manager,  Richmond,  Va. 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  num- 
bers can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Address 
our  Business  Office. 


Mention  the  Southern  Planter  wh«n 
corresponding  with  advertiser!. 


662 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLA>:TER. 


[October 


EMILY'S  CHARGE. 
(A  Serial  Tale  by  Mary  Washington.) 

CHAPTER  IV. 

Emily  now  began  to  turn  her  atten- 
tion to  their  '•landed  estate,"  as  she 
called  the  little  tract  of  land  bequeath- 
ed by  her  Aunt  Melissa.  At  first  she 
had  thought  ot  selling  it,  but  on  second 
thought  it  flashed  over  her  mind.  "Why 
should  we  be  wanderers  anil  homeless 
when  we  have  even  this  little  foothold 
to  serve  us  as  a  home?"  The  more 
she  thought  of  it  the  more  she  liked 
the  idea  of  living  in  thfir  own  little 
cottage,  among  the  giand  mountains, 
green  meadows  and  clear  streams  of 
a  pastoral  country,  and  she  finally  re- 
solved that  if  she  could  see  any  reason- 
able prospect  of  maintaining  herself 
and  the  children,  she  would  make  hor 
home  there.  But  she  determined  to 
go  there  first  herself  and  thoroughly 
examine  the  surroundings  and  pros- 
pects, for  though  her  relatives  called 
her  Quixotic,  she  was  by  no  means 
rash.  She  found  the  cottage  occupied 
by  a  respectable  couple,  who  had  been 
living  there  for  several  years  to  take 
care  of  the  place.  The  cottage  was 
quite  tasteful  and  comfortable,  con- 
taining four  rooms,  and  having  a  porch 
overrun  by  honey  suckle  and  climbing 
roses.  There  was  also  a  good  building 
in  the  yard,  containing  two  comfort- 
able rooms,  intended  for  a  kitchen  and 
servants'  room.  There  were  twenty 
acres  attached  to  the  cottage,  of  which 
ten  were  In  cultivation,  and  the  re- 
mainder consisted  of  wood  land.  There 
was  a  nice  little  orchard  of  peach  and 
pear  trees,  as  well  as  several  rows  of 
choice  grape  vines,  for  Aunt  Melissa 
had  a  talent  for  making  herself  and 
friends  comfortable,  and  had  planted 
out  such  fruit  as  would  bear  during 
the  season  she  was  there.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Wheeler,  the  couple  in  charge  of 
the  place,  had  kept  it  in  good  order. 
They  were  plain  people,  but  practical, 
Industrious  and  kind  hearted.  Mr. 
Wheeler  owned  a  small  tract  of  land 
adjoining  the  cottage  tract,  and  by 
tilling  this,  he  made  a  frugal  living. 
They  seemed,  providentially  placed 
where  they  were  for  the  help  and  pro- 
tection of  the  orphans.  Emily  hasten- 
ed to  engage  them  to  remain,  arrang- 
ing for  them  to  move  into  the  outbuild- 
ing when  she  was  ready  to  occupy  the 
cottage.  Finding  that  Mr.  Wheeler 
understood  the  culture  of  vegetables, 
she  proposed  that  he  should  raise 
these  on  her  land  and  market  them  to 
the  neighboring  watering  place,  to- 
gether with  the  fruit  from  the  litrle 
orchard  her  aunt  had  so  providentially 
planted.  The  watering  place  afforded 
a  very  good  market  for  such  products 
from  Jtine  to  September. 

But  although  her  path  seemed  to 
grow  a  little  clearer  before  her.  Emily 
knew  it  would  not  do  to  depend  en- 
tirely on  the  prospect  ot  a  little 
marketing  during  four  months  of  the 
year,  so  before  making  her  final  de- 
cision to  settle  at  the  cottage,  she  set 
to  work  to  ascertain  what  were  her 
prospects  for  getting  a  school  In  that 
neighborhood     the     ensuing     session. 


THE  FOUR  MONTHS  OUTLINED  IN  THE  ILLUSTRATION, 

Are  the  ones  mostlv  feared  for  intense  cold.  Whv  not  prepare  for  same 
and  purchase  a  LEHMAN  CARRIAGE  AND  SLEIGH  HEATER? 
They  will  keep  you  comfortably  warm  at  a  cost  of  2  cents  per  day, 
burning  LEHMAN  COAL,  from  which  there  is  no  smoke,  smell  nor 
danger.  The  fact  that  200.000  of  our  heaters  are  in  use,  plainly  show 
that  they  are  FULLY  as  REPRESENTED,  and  they  are  guaranteed  to 
be  the  BEST  HEATER  money  and  skilled  labor  can  put  together.  They 
are  known  everywhere  as  the  STANDARD,  and  are  in  use  by  the  LEAD- 
ING HORSEMEN,  who  highly  recommend  them. 

Write  for  circular  with  price  list.     Your  local   carriage,   harness 
or  hardware  dealer  sells  our  goods. 

LEHMAN  BROS.,  MFRS..  J.  W.  ERRINGER,  Gen.  W.  Sales  Agt., 

10  Bond  St.,  New  York,  45  E,  Congress  St.,  Chicago. 


Reg.  HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN 

CATTLE  of  the  Netherland,  De  Kol,  Clothilde,  Pietertje 

and  Artis  families.     Heavy  milkers  aud  rich  in  butter 

fat.     Stock  of  all  ages  for  sale. 

RcP'       BHRICSMIRES     From   noted   strains.   Imported     Headlight,   Lord 
^* — Highclere  and  Sunrise. 


DORSET  SHEEP=^ 

B.  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  CHICKENS, 

N.  Jk  W.  and  Southern  E.  R.  T.  O.  SANDY,  Burkevllle,  Va, 


WE  OFFER 


a  few  well-bred  registered  Jersey  g 
Bull  and  heifer  Calves  at  $30  each. 
2  They  are  four  months  old  and  from  best  strains  of  this 
ti  breed  ;  also  a  few  young  Berkshire  boars  large  enough 
)*  for  service  at  $15  each,  and  pigs  eight  weeks  old  at  $6 
S    each — by  pair  or  trio,  not  akin, 

I      M.   B.    ROWE  &  CO.,  -  Fredericksburg,   Va 

When   corresponding  with   oar  advertisers  always  mentiOD  the 
Southern  Planter. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


663 


Those  proving  favorable,  she  made  up 
her  mind  to  try  living  at  the  cottage 
for  one  year  at  least,  and  if  she  could 
not  sustain  herself  there,  to  sell  it  and 
make  such  other  arrangements  as  the 
emergency  seemed  to  call  for.  She 
then  returned  to  her  old  neighborhood 
for  the  winter,  thinking  it  best  to  wait 
until  spring  before  making  a  move. 
AH  their  friends  and  neighbors  opened 
their  doors  to  the  orphans  with  whole- 
souled  hospitality,  and  under  the  roof 
of  kind  entertainers,  they  lingered  a 
few  months  longer,  in  sight  of  their 
old  home.  Mr.  Crawford,  the  creditor 
into  whose  hands  "Soldiers'  Joy"  had 
passed,  was  not  a  stranger  to  Emily, 
he  and  his  family  having  frequently 
visited  in  the  neighborhood  in  her 
childhood.  His  son,  Allan  Crawford, 
to  whom  he  intended  giving  the  place, 
had  been  a  playmate  of  hers,  and  she 
had  a  pleasant  recollection  of  the 
frank,  manly  boy.  He  called  to  renew 
their  acquaintance  a  few  days  after 
taking  possession  of  "Soldiers'  Joy," 
and  seemed  greatly  emba.rrassed.  His 
kindly  nature  was  pained  at  the  idea 
of  turning  a  young  woman  out  of  her 
home,  and  this  chivalrous  feeling  was 
strengthened  when  he  saw  into  what 
a  lovely  and  charming  young  woman 
his  former  playmate  had  developed. 
Emily,  on  her  part,  took  much  pleasure 
in  renewing  the  friendship  of  childisli 
years,  and  he  brightened  up  the  quiet 
winter  by  many  acts  of  kindness  .and 
attention  to  herself  and  the  young 
ones  under  her  charge. 

When  the  spring  fairly  opened  Emily 
began  to  prepare  for  their  departure 
Her  friends  all  tried  to  dissuade  her, 
be.gging  her  to  remain  and  divide  her 
time  amongst  them,  but  her  resolii 
tion  to  go  was  unalterable.  While  the 
rest  were  voluble  in  expersing  their 
regrets,  Allen  alone  was  so  silent  and 
constrained  as  to  appear  almost  un- 
friendly. A  few  days  before  their  de- 
parture, one  sweet  April  evening,  when 
all  nature  had  awakened,  after  the 
cold  and  snows  of  winter,  with  a  new, 
lovely  and  serene  life,  Emily  strolling 
on  the  lawn,  saw  Allan  approach  her. 
He  held  in  his  hand  a  bouquet  of  spring 
flowers,  hyacinths,  lilies  of  the  valley, 
and  white  violets  gathered  from  the 
flower  beds  of  her  dear  old  home.  They 
brought  so  many  memories  rushin.g 
over  her  that  it  was  several  moments 
before  she  could  speak.  Allan,  too 
seemed  equally  agitated. 

"Dear  Emily."  said  he,  "I  have  come 
to  beg  you  to  return  to  these  flowers. 
and  to  the  old  home.  It  seems  so  hard 
and  cruel  and  unnatural  for  you  to 
go  away  from  them.  I  feel  like 
Interloper,  taking  possession  of  these 
things,  and  you  going  away  to  buffet 
and  struggle  with  the  world." 

"But,  my  friend,"  replied  Emily, 
"you  are  too  chivalrous  and  tender 
hearted.  It  is  morbid  in  you  to  blame 
yourself,  or  feel  badly  about  our  old 
home  having  passed  into  your  posses 
siin." 

"I  do  not  ask  you  to  return  for  ihis 
reason,"  cried  he,  passionately,  "but 
because  I  love  you,  and  want  you  to  be 


.HEREFORD  CATTLE. 

Service  Bulls;  Imported  Salisbury  760.o9  (19083),  a  grand- 
son if  the  famous  Grove  3d  2490,  and  a  descendant  of  the] 
world  renowned  Lord  Wilton  -1057  from  the  4th  generation. 

Snowball,  the  dam  of  Salisbury,  is  now  in  the  herd  of  His 
INIajesty  King  Edward  VII. 

Lars,  Jr.,  is  by  Lars  of  Western  fame  and  his  dam  is  Judy  out  of  a  Sir  Richard 
2nd  cow  This  makes  a  great  combination  of  the  Grove  3d,  Lord  Wilton,  Anxiety, 
Peerless  Wilton  and  Sir  Richard  2nd  strains.     No  better  breeding  in  the  world  today. 

FOR  SALE— Yearling  bulls  by  above  sires.  WANTED— Reg.  Hereford  heifers,  18 
to  24  months  old,  not  bred;  will  exchange  bulls  for  heifers  of  equal  quality. 

Write  your  needs  or  call  and  make  your  own  selection. 

MURRAY  BOOCOCK,  Owner,  Keswick,  Alb.  Co.,Va.  ^S^'S^^^^^^.^S^^: 


Bacon   Hall   Farm. 

Hereford.REGiSTERED  Cattle 


'TOP"  BREEDING,  |CALVES:NOTaAKIN. 
MOTTO— Satisfaction  or  no  sale. 


E.  M.  GILLET  &  SON, 


Qlencoe,  Haryland. 


VIRGINIA  HEREFORDS. 

Herd  headed  by  the  Champion 

PRINCE  RUPERT,  79539. 

Correspondence  Solicited.      Inspection  Invited. 

EDWARD  G.  BUTLER, 

Annefield  Farms.        BRIGGS,  Clarke  Co.,  Va. 


PRINCE  RUPERT.  79,,->39 


BARGAINS  IN   HEREFORDS. 


To  reduce  our  herd,  we  are  offering  a  goodly 
number  of  registered  bulls  and  heifers  ;  not  akin — 
at  reasonable  prices.      (Telephone  connection.) 
STONEHURST  FRUIT  &  STOCK  FARM, 

Fluvanna  Co.        -        =        =        -        Union  Mills,  Va 


ROSEMONT  HEREFORD 

ACROBAT~68460, 

Assisted  by  M.\RQUis  of  Salisbuky|16th  138894,  the^.best 

son  of  Imported  Salisbury.     Correspondence  ''l\%.,': 


solicited.    Visitors  welcome.  

C.  E.  CLAPP.   Berryville,   Clarke  Co.,  Va. 


RCUaSfcT   6QA6a. 


When  corresponding  with   our  advertisers  always  mention  the 
Bouthern   Planter. 


664 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


[October 


my  wife." 

Emily  was  startled  beyond  the  power 
of  replying  at  first.  It  had  never  oc- 
curred to  her  to  look  on  Allan  as  even 
a  possible  lover.  Wltli  eloquent  plead- 
ings he  continiie<l  to  lay  his  suit  before 
her,  not  forgetting  to  assure  her  that 
he  would  provide  for  her  brother  and 
sister,  as  if  they  were  his  own. 

Blushing,  trembling  and  confused, 
Emily  hardly  knew  what  to  say,  or 
even  what  to  think  at  first,  but  at 
length  she  told  him  that  while  she  had 
a  warm  friendship  for  him,  she  could 
not  return  the  friendship  he  txpressed. 

He  refused,  however,  tn  take  this  as 
a  final  answer,  especially  after  draw- 
ing from  her  the  avowal  that  there  was 
no  other  attachment  in  the:  -vay,  and  at 
length  she  agreed  to  defer  iUving  her 
final  answer  for  three  day?.  Those 
three  days  were  momentous  ones  to 
them  both.  There  were  many  consid- 
erations that  pleaded  strongly  in 
Allan's  favor.  He  was  a  man  she  es- 
teemed. He  had  no  bad  habits,  no 
ignoble  traits.  From  a  worldly  point 
of  view  it  was  a  desirable  match,  one 
which  would  cut  short  the  perplexities 
and  struggles  of  her  existence.  Then 
his  brotherly  spiril  towards  Walter 
and  Alice,  ai'd  his  generous  offer  to 
provide  for  them,  exerted  a  strong 
feeling  of  gratitude  in  her  mind. 
Again,  the  idea  of  returning  to  ner 
o]f.  ]\hme  was  a  strong  inducement. 
Tn  short,  there  was  everything  to  plead 
for  him  except  one,  and  that  was  the 
voice  of  her  heart— that  unruly  mem- 
ber which  can  neither  he  persuaded 
nor  forced.  She  liked  Allen,  but  with 
the  liking  any  one  inii?ht  have  for  any 
friend  not  with  the  sense  of  thorough 
companionship,  the  deep  and  snlitle 
sympathy,  the  exquisite  tenderness 
that  a  woman  feels  towards  a  man 
whom  she  loves  with  the  strongest  and 
deepest  love  in  human  life.  Allan 
was  not  the  fortunate  prince  who  had 
succeeded  in  breaking  through  the 
thorn  hedge,  penetrating  to  the  ?)alace 
of  the  sleeping  beauty  and  awakenin;.' 
her.  Emilv'e;  heart  was  slumbeving 
yet.  She  did  not  love  Allan  and  she 
felt  that  she  could  never  accord  iiim 
more  than  a  quiet,  friendly  regard,  and 
she  felt  that  she  would  do  him  an  in- 
justice to  marry  him,  and  let  him  lav- 
ish his  devotion  on  her.  when  she  could 
only  make  so  inadequate  a  return.  On 
the  day  appointed  for  her  final  an- 
swer Allan,  after  a  long  interview 
with  Emily,  went  away  sadly,  pain  and 
disappointment  stamped  on  his  frank, 
manly  face.  I  will  anticipate  the 
course  of  my  narrative  by  telling  my 
readers  that  he  did  not  here  relinquish 
his  suit,  but  twice  in  the  course  of  '.be 
next  few  years  wrote  and  renewed  1  is 
offer  to  Emily.  As  her  answer,  how 
ever,  did  not  vary  from  her  first  one 
he  gradually  settled  down  into  a  stead 
fast  friendship  for  his  old  playn.ate 
a  fact  which  spoke  well  for  them  both 

It  seemed  Emily's  fate  to  be  always 
making  decisions  and  taking  steps 
that  other  people  regarded  as  Quix- 
otic, and  the  last  seemed  to  cap  the 
climax.    With   an   alternate   sign   and 


ARMOUR'S  BLOOD  MEALTcMr 

First  proved  by  the  Kansas  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  and  sines 

corroborated  by  thousands  of  leading  stockmen  who  have  used  it  without 

a  single  failure.      Equally  effective  for  the  diarrhea  of  all  animals. 

PREVENTS  weak  bones,  paraljsis  of  the  hind  legs  and  "thumps" 

in  pigs;   "big  head"  of  foals;    "rickets"  of  all    young   animals; 

abortion  due  to  incomplete  nutrition,  and  a  host  of  other  troubles. 

A  Potent  Food  for  Work  Horses,  Dairy  Cows,  Poultry. 

Writeus  for  booklet  g^iving  valuable  Information  about  Blood  Meal  and  our 
other  feeding  products.  Consult  us  free  of  charge  regarding  stock  diseases. 

THE  ARMOUR  FERTILIZER  WORKS, 
Chicago.        Omaha.        Baltimore.         Atlanta.        Jacksonville. 


LARGE         ■li 

POLAND= 
..CHINAS. 

Closely  related  to  such  noted  hogs 
as  Anderson's  Model,  Ideal  Sunslmie  and  IF.  B.  Tecumselt. 

Ohoice  pigs,  boars  and  bred  sows.      SHORTHORN  bull  and 
heifer  calvej.     Choice  stock  at  farmer's  prices. 
Write  for  prices  and  testimonials. 

J.  F.  DURRETTE,  BIrdwood,  Albemarle  Co.,  Va. 


POLAND- 
CHINAS. 

I  have  a  limited  number  of  pigs  by 
my  fine   boars  Gray's  Big   Chief,  57077; 


QRAY'S  BIG  CHIEF,  57077. 

nd  Victor  G,  -^7075,  and  can  furnish  pairs  not  akin  or  related  to  those  previously 
purchased.  Young  boars  and  sows  of  all  ages  Send  to  headquarters  and  get  the 
l)estlrom  the  oldest  and  largest  herd  of  Poland-Chinas  in  this  State  at  one-half 
Western  prices.    Address  J.  B.  GRAY,  Fredericksburg,  Va. 


SLIPSHUGK 


CUDCri  with  a  machine  built  especially  for 
OllIVLiU   southern  trade.     Built  for  the  pur- 
pose.   The  only  machine  of 
the  kind.       Shreds  fin*, 
does  not  husk.     Price  two= 
J,  naRT" ^^^y^-^lAX     /;      \       thirds  that  of  huskers.     A 

n  J^^^^™^^g^L_V_^ton  of  Keystone  fodder  is 
^^^V'  sM-^'^EJ^^  11°°*'''*=' worth  a  ton  of  the  best  hay. 
BUILD  L  ' 

the  largest  line  of  Huskers  and  Shredders  of  any  manufacturer,  also  a 
full  line  of  Horse  Powers,  Jacks,   Com  Shellers,  Hay  Balers,  Mowers, 
Seeders,    Rakes,  Loaders  and  Disc  Harrows.   _..„  .,^,,„^^.,.,   ^^ 
Send  for  Catalogue  and  Prices.  THE  KEYSTONE  CO. 

ESTABLISHED    SO    YEARS.  STERUIPiia,    IL,L,. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


665 


Follow   My   Plan   and    Get   Pay   For   All    Losses 


Hog  raisers  take  absolutely  no  risk  when  they  use  Haas'  Hoe:  Remedy,  as  in  case  ol  lo: 
pay  for  all  hogs  that  die  at  the'hlghest  market  prices.  Write  for  full  particulars.  Twenty- 
seven  years'  unprecedented  success.  Don't  waste  time  and  money  experimenting  with 
cheap  "stock  foods"  which  are  made  almost  entirely  of  the  food"  stuffs  raised  on  every 
farm,  and  contain  no  medicinal  properties  whatever.  The  hog  needs  a  medicine  and  the 
cheapest  and  most  effective  is  Haas'  Hog  Remedy.  Unequalled  as  a  preveutive  of  disease, 
conditioner  and  growth  promoter  and  the  biggest  money  maker  for  hog  raisers  known. 

Prices:    25-lb.  can,  812  60;  l^J^-o-lb.  can,  86.50,  prepaid;  pkgs  ,  S;2.n0, Sl.2o  and  50  cents 
each.    Nime  genuine  without  my  signature  on  package  or  can  label. 


=H[Oa  BOOK  FREE= 


"HOGOLOGY,"  my  book  about  hogs,  will  be  sent  FREE  to  any  one  who  mentions 
Southern  Planter  when  asking  for  it.  One  hundred  pages,  fully  illustrated,  practical  and 
complete.  Invaluable  to  every  swine  raiser  desiring  the  largest  possible  profits  from 
hog  raising.  jqS.  HAAS,  V.  S.   Indianapolis,  Ind. 


the  Remedy  not  only  costs  nothing,  but  I 


TRADE  MARK. 


smile,  Emily  reflected  on  the  coinci- 
dence of  this  kind  that  had  occuned 
since  her  mother's  death,  and  wonder- 
ed if  it  would  be  always  so,  if  when- 
ever anything  that  the  world  called  ad- 
vantageous presented  itself,  there 
would  be  some  internal  barrier  that 
forbade  her  to  avail  herself  of  it. 
These  barriers  seemed  unreal,  shadowy 
and  fanciful  to  most  people,  but  to  her 
they  were  so  real  and  strong  as  to  be 
simply  insurmountable. 

(To  be  Continued.) 


GOOD  HOUSEKEEPING. 

TO   PUT  Vl>  CORN    IN   THE   SHUCK. 

When  there  is  danger  of  an  early 
frost  and  you  have  a  good  supply  of 
corn  in  the  garden  or  field,  a  quick  and 
easy  way  of  preserving  it  for  use  is 
valuable.  I  have  tried  this  one  re- 
peatedly, and  with  success  always. 
Gather  the  ears  before  they  are  at  all 
hard,  and  take  off  tlTe  shuck,  leaving 
one  layer  to  pro'tect  the  grains.  Pa'^k 
these  closely  in  a  clean,  water  tight 
cask,  until  they  are  within  a  few 
inches  of  the  top,  then  weight  it  all 
down  with  a  piece  of  plank  and  a 
stone.  Pour  over  this  a  brine  that  will 
float  an  egg,  shut  it  up  and  use  just  as 
you  do  the  new  corn.  If  the  brine 
weakens,  you  can  add  a  little  salt. 


TO    CAN    CORN, 

Cut  the  grains  from  the  ears  with  a 
sharp  knife,  being  careful  to  select 
only  the  soft  tender  ears.  Weigh  and 
put  it  into  a  kettle  with  enough  water 
to  cover  it.  Boil  ten  minutes  and  thevi 
mix  Into  every  ten  pounds  one  ounce 
of  tartaric  acid,  fill  your  glass  jars  very 
full  and  screw  on  the  top  while  it  is 
boiling  hot.  When  you  cook  this  take 
it  out  of  the  can  at  least  two  hours  be- 
fore you  need  it  and  cover  it  with 
fresh  water,  letting  it  soak  that  long; 
then  pour  off  the  water  and  use  in  any 
way  that  you  use  other  kinds  of  canned 
corn.  You  will  never  lose  a  can  it  you 
use  the  acid,  and  it  is  perfectly  harm- 
less if  the  directions  are  followed. 


API'LE  FLOAT. 

Select  for  this  kind  of  float  large, 
acid  apples.  Wash  them  and  put  them 
into  a  new  pan  with  a  small  quantity 
of  water,  and  let  them  bake  thoroughly. 
Then  scoop  out  the  pulp,  being  careful 


BERK5HIRES. 


Mr.   H.  F.  Stratton  of  Erin,   Houston 
Co..  Tenn.,  writes  me  on  Aug.  15th  1903: 

"The  little  pig  just  received  is  a  beauty, 
I  am  delighted  with  him— wouldn't  take 
twice  twenty  dollars  for  him.     He  is  thor- 
oughly patrician.     I  expect  great  things 
from  him  at  the  head  of  my  herd  of  Royal  Berkshires." 

So  send  to  Thos.  S.  White  for  patrician  pigs  rather  than  buy  plebeians  for  a  little 
less,  do  not  be  "penny  wise  and  pound  foolish,"  and  especially  in  thoroughbreds. 
I  have  had  13  sows  to  farrow  in  past  few  days  with  over  20  more  nearly  due,  order 
promptly  for  fall  shipments,  I  never  have  enough  to  go  round. 

Short  Horn  (Durham  Cattle)  for  sale.     Write  for  particulars. 

THOS.  S.  WHITE,  Fassifern  Stock  Farm,  Lexington,  Va. 


Hill  Top  Stock  Farm. 

BERKSHIRE  HOGS  and 
SOUTHDOWN  SHEEP 

=^A  5pecialty.==  ,ii|'!! 

S.  Brown  AUen,  who  succeeds  H.  A.  S.  ^%));p)!'f^j^ 
Hamilton  &  Co.  in  the  ownership  and  man- 
agement of  this  celebrated  Stock  Farm,  with  increased  faciUties,  will  make  a 
specialty  of  breeding  Berkshire  Hogs  and  Southdown  Sheep,  without  regard  to  cost 
from  the  purest  and  most  roval  strains  of  imported  blood, 

SOUTHDOWN    BUCKS. 

I  have  a  few  Southdown  Bucks  that  cannot  be  excelled  in  this  country,  for  sale. 
We  have  swept  premiums  on  thi.s  stock  for  fifteen  years  over  all  competitors  at 
Fairs  in  this  and  adjoining  States 

S.  BROWN  ALLEN,  Staunton,  Virginia,  (Succe.ssor  to  H.  A.  S.  Hamilton  &  Co  ) 


We   Are    Still    in   the    Business. 


"HILL   TOP"   stock  at  Shadwell,  Va. 

Having  changed  our  residence,  we  brought  with  us  and  have  for 
sale  a  choice  lot  of  HILL  TOP  stock. 

Jersty    Cattle,    Southdown   and   Shropshire    Sheep, 
Berkshire  Hogs  and  B.  B.  R.  Game  Chickens. 

Our  Berkshire  Pigs  are  now  closely  sold  up,  but  we  will  have  a  fine  lot  ready  to  ship 
after  September  We  will  be  glad  to  serve  our  old  friends  and  are  always  glad  to 
make  new  ones. 

We  have  won  more  premiums  on  sheep  and   hogs   at  State  and   County  Fairs 
than  all  other  breeders  in  Virginia  combined. 

H.  A.  S.  HAMILTON  &  SONS,  Shadwell,  Va. 


666 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLANTER. 


[October 


not  to  carry  any  of  the  seed  or  core 
with  it,  and  to  a  quart  of  this  put  one 
full  cup  of  sugar,  a  little  nutmeg  and 
let  it  get  very  cold.  Now  beat  very 
light  the  whites  of  four  eggs,  and  have 
on  the  stove  a  large  pan  of  boiling 
water.  Slip  the  eggs  on  this  and  let 
them  stay  tor  five  minutes.  They  will 
cook  through  without  falling,  and  you 
can  take  them  up  with  a  skim,  and 
beat  them  into  the  apples  with  no 
trouble,  and  you  can  make  your  float 
in  the  morning  and  it  will  be  just  as 
good  as  if  made  later  and  is  far  better 
than  that  made  with  stewed  apples  and 
raw  eggs.  I  always  serve  float  witli 
cream  seasoned  with  a  teaspoon  of 
vanilla  and  sweetened  a  very  little  bit 


BAKED    APPLE    DUMPLING. 

Peel  the  apples  and  cut  them  from 
the  core,  then  put  them  into  a  tray  and 
chop  them  fine  with  the  meat  chopper, 
sweeten  and  season  with  nutmeg  or 
grated  lemon  peel.  Make  a  dough  of 
one  quart  of  flour,  two-thirds  of  a  cup 
of  lard,  one  teaspoon  of  baking  powder, 
and  enough  milk  to  make  a  stiff  douah 
Roll  this  out  and  cut  into  pieces  about 
the  size  of  saucer.  Put  in  a  large 
spoon  of  the  apples  and  gather  the 
edges  of  the  piece  together,  pinchin' 
to  make  them  stay.  Arrange  the 
dumplings  in  a  pan  and  fill  it  ha'f  f' 
of  water,  springling  sugar  and  nutmeg 
over  them  and  boil  them  for  about 
an  hour.     Serve  hot  with  a  hard  sauce. 

S.MCE. — Cream  one  cup  of  butter 
until  light,  then  stir  in  gradually  three 
cups  of  white  sugar,  season  highl- 
with  nutmeg  and  vanilla;  beat  it  hard 
for  a  few  minutes,  and  set  it  in  the 
Ice  box. 


C,\RAMEL    PUDDING. 

Two  cups  of  damson  preserves,  one 
cup  of  sugar,  half  cup  of  butter.  The 
yolks  of  three  eggs,  a  little  nutmeg, 
half  cup  of  milk,  and  a  teaspoon  of 
corn  starch.  Beat  the  eggs  very  light 
and  stir  in  the  other  ingredients.  Bake 
this  on  a  crust,  and  when  done  spread 
over  it  a  meringue  made  with  the  three 
whites  and  six  tablespoons  of  sugar, 
seasoned'  with  vanilla. 


HXf.ER  CAKE. 

Two  and  a  half  cups  of  sugar.  Two 
and  a  half  cups  of  syrup — molasses 
will  do.  Five  eggs,  beaten  into  the 
molasses.  One  and  three-fourths  cups 
of  butter,  or  half  butter  and  half  lard. 
Five  tablespoons  of  ginger,  one  of  cin- 
namon. Two  and  a  half  cups  of  but- 
termilk, with  two  and  a  half  teaspoons 
of  soda  stirred  into  it.  Ten  cups  of 
flour.  Bake  In  sheets,  and  it  is  well 
to  set  one  pan  into  another  to  prevent 
burning,  as  everything  with  molasses 
in  it  burns  easily.  Eat  hot  with  sauce, 
or  let  it  get  cold  for  tea. 


(iINr;EB    .SAUCE. 

Three  cups  of  sugar,  three  cups  of 
water,  boil  hard  for  twenty  minutes. 
One  tablespoon  of  ginger  and  teaspoon 
of  cinnamon  and  a  half  dozen  cloves. 
Cream  a  large  tablespoon  of  butter 
with  a  tablespoon  of  corn  starch,  and 


JERSEY   CATTLE. 

We  have  for  sale,  Young:  Cows,  Heifers  and  Young-  Bulls, 
from  cows  testing  i8  to  24  lbs.  ot  butter  In  seven  days,  and  giving 
40  to  60  lbs.  of  milk  per  day.     Also — 

LARGE  YORKSHIRE  PIGS, 

The  coming  bacon  breed.  Our  stock  is  from  the  most  noted  breeders  in 
England  and  Canada. 

Write  for  prices.     Address — 

BOWMONT  FARMS.  ^^'^r.\.. 


X 


X 
X 


X  CiSMONT  DORSETS  8 


X 

X 

X     Prices   Reasonable. 


CISMONT    STOCK    FARM  oifers  well  developed  young 
Dorsets  of  the  best  blood  of  England  and  America. 


G.  S.  LINDENKOHL,  Keswick,  Albemarle  Co.,  Va. 


SUNNY     HOME     HERD    OF 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS    CATTLE. 

Baron  Roseboy,  57666,  by  the  great  Gay  nisckblrd,  dam  by  Eulalles  Eric,  2d  prlz* 
yearling  at  Columbian  Exposition,  1893.  heads  the  herd.  Pedigree  means  only  the  tracing 
of  good  or  bad  qualities  through  several  generations.  The  animals  comprising  this  herd 
are  direct  descendants  of  the  greatest  prize-winners  of  the  breed  for  the  past  twenty-flve 
years.    Does  this  mean  anything  to  you,  who  .  i    i.;  an  animal  of  this  the  GREAT- 

EST BEEF  BREED?    If  so,  come  and  see  thehesi  lot  of  calves  we  ever  bred,  or  write. 

A   L.  FRENCH,  Proprietor,  R.  F.  D  2  ,  Byrdvllle.  Va. 

(Note  change  of  P.   O.   address). 
Depot  and  shipping  point,  Fitzgerald,  N.  C,  on  D.  &  W.  R'y,  24  miles  southwest  of  Dan- 
ville. Va. 


We 


positively  guarantee  to  breed 

nd   ship    the  VKKY  BEfeT  strains  of 

thoroughbred   registered    LARGE 

ENGLISH     BERKSHIRE 

Hog.s  for  LES«  MONEY  than  any  other 
firm  in  the  U.  S.,  the  superiority  of  our 
stock  considered  Send  us  your  order 
and  we  wiU  .satisfy  you  both  in  price 
and  stock.  WALTER  B.  FLEMING, 

Proprietor  ol  the  Bridle  Creel<  Stock  Farm,  Warrenton.  N.  C. 


TH  E   OAKS 

Has  for  sale,  the  grand  Shorthorn  bull,  "Rock  Hill  Abbotts- 
burn"  155113,  a  grandson  of  Mary  Abbottsburn  7th  ;  also  a  nice 
lot  of  Calves,  Bulls  and  Heifers  ;  2  Reg.  Morgan  Colts  at  a 
bargain  B.  B.  BUCHANAN,  Bedford  City,  Va. 


When  corresponding  with  our  advertisers  always  mention  the 
Bouthern  Planter. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


667 


stir  it  into  the  sauce  just  before  you 
take  it  off.  This  is  one  of  the  best 
cold  day  desserts  I  Itnow  of. 

Caraven. 


DOMESTIC   RECIPES. 
Mrs.  N.  K.  Guthrie. 

PICKLKS — HYDEN     SALAD. 

One  gallon  chopped  cabbage,  half 
gallon  of  green  tomatoes,  one  quart  of 
onions,  chopped,  four  tablespoons  of 
ground  mustard,  two  of  salt,  two  of 
cinnamon,  two  of  celery  seed,  and  one 
of  black  pepper,  and  one  of  cloves. 
Add  half  gallon  good  cider  vinegar  and 
two  pounds  sugar,  and  boil  for  half  an 
hour. 

TO   C-\N    CREEN    CORN. 

Gather  corn  as  for  present  use.  Cut 
from  cob,  and  to  every  thirteen  meas- 
ures of  corn  add  same  measure  of  salt 
(one  cup  of  salt  to  13  cups  of  corn). 
Cover  with  water  and  boil  thirty  min- 
utes and  can  as  any  other  vegeta1)le  or 
fruit.  When  you  wish  to  use  the  corn, 
pour  oft'  salt  water  that  may  be  in 
can  and  soak  corn  one-half  an  hour  in 
hot  water,  and  then  serve  as  you  would 
In  summer,  for  puddings,  soup,  stews 
etc.  This  recipe  for  canning  corn  is 
the  only  one  that  I  have  found  satis- 
factory, and  I  have  tried  many  in  the 
past  thirty  years. 


PICKLED    PEPPERS. 

Take  green  peppers  and  cut  a  slit 
the  length  of  one  side  and  remove  all 
the  seeds.  Soak  in  salt  water  for  a 
week,  remove  and  wash  in  fresh  watei' 
and  fill  with  a  mixtures  of  chopped 
stuff,  as  follows:  Cabbage,  green  toma- 
toes, string  beans,  young  cucumbers. 
and  season  the  stuffing  with  cloves, 
cinnamon  and  celery  seed,  and  sew  up 
the  slit.  Cover  with  good  vinegar  and 
cook  for  twenty-five  or  thirty  minutes. 


This  cut  is  not  the 
machine  but    sim- 
ply shows  the  man 
ner  of  fastening 
the  steel  rope  to 
the  stUTiip.     We 
cannot  tell  you 
all  about  it 
here.   Our  cat- 
alogue   shows 
Full  Line  of 
Stump 


PULLS 


Yellow  Pine  Stumps 
or  Trees. 

Our  new  2-Horse 


Hawkeye 

is  built  for  that  pur- 
pose and  does  it 
rapidly  and  cheap- 
ly;. A  machine  that 
will  pull  yellow  pine 
stumps  will  pull  al- 
most anything  else.  It 
is  being  used  by  many 
planters  and  most  of 
the  leading  R.  R.  and 
levee  contractors.  It 
has  3  times  the  power 
of  our  machines  for  or- 
dinary work  and  pulls 
8  acres  at  a    setting. 

Milne  Mfg.  Co.* 

834  Eighth  St., 
Monmouth,  III. 


BERKSHIRE  PIGS 


of  choice  breeding,  and  to  make  them  more  desir- 
able, they  are  fine  individuals,  properly  fed;  there- 
fore they  develop  well.     Write 

Forest   Home   Farm, 

Purcellville,  -  -  Virginia. 


PICKLED    M.A-NfiOES. 

Take  young  canteloupes  (just  before 
frost)  about  the  size  of  a  pint  bowl, 
cut  out  a  lolje  and  remove  all  seeds  and 
soak  in  salt  water  for  six  weeks.  Then 
freshen  for  one  night  in  water  and  fi!! 
with  the  following  mixture:  One  race 
of  ginger  mashed,  white  mustard  seed, 
celery  seed,  small  quantity  of  black 
pepper,  one  nutmeg  grated,  onions  and 
cabbage  chopped  fine.  Stuff  each 
melon,  put  the  lobes  in  place,  and  tie 
with  a  string.  Place  in  a  jar  and  fill 
with  vinegar,  then  pour  off  vinegar  and 
add  to  vinegar  cracked  allspice,  cloves 
and  ginger,  and  one  cup  of  grated 
horse  radish  and  one  ounce  turmeric 
and  two  pounds  sugar.  Bring  to  a 
boil  and  pour  over  mangoes.  For  one 
gallon  jar.  The  cataloupe  pickle 
will  keep  for  years,  and  grows 
better  with  age.  I  make  beautiful  and 
delightful  wine  from  garden  and  wild 
grapes,  but  recipes  may  not  be  iu  sea- 
son. One  I  add  for  apple  wine  that  is 
fine.  To  one  gallon  of  sweet  cider  add 
three  pounds  of  sugar.  Put  in  open 
vessel  and  allow  to  ferment,  then  strain 
and  put  in  a  corked  vessel  (.iugs  or 
bottles,  and  in  tliree  months  you  have 
a  splendid  drink. 


NOW  IS  THE  TIME  to  buy  HOLSTEINS  from  the  Ury  Farm  Herd. 

Ury  Alwina  Count  Paul  De  Kol;  De  Kol  2nd  Butter  Boy  3rd  No.  2,  and  Lord  Harford  De  Kol  head 
our  herd.  You  know  their  official  backing.  There  is  nothing  better.  15  bull  calres  at  bargain 
prices.  Their  dams  are  of  the  De  Kol,  Aaggle,  Netherland,  Pletertje  and  Clothide  strains  and  are  of 
the  producing  kind.  The  best  bulls  are  sold  young;  also  a  few  cows  and  heifers.  Choice  ENGLISH 
BERKSHIRE  pigs  of  the  best  strains.    Before  buying,  correspond  with  or  visit 

THOS.  FASSITT  &  SONS,  Sylmar,  Md. 


Prof.  JOHN'  Sl'EXCER,  Veterin 


Agricultural  Experiment  .Station,  says: 


Chloro-Naptholeum  Dip 


Insures  the  Destructions  of  Mites.    Outbreaks  which  have  come  under  our  notice  have 
been  thoroughly  stamped  out  by  dipping  in  a  2  per  cent  solution  of  Chloro  Naptholeum  Dip." 


Tf"you"ve  t'ried  it  vou  know  how  good  it  is,  If  you  haven't,  try  It  now.  One  Gallon  sent  pre- 
paid upon  receipt  of  S1..50.  money  order  or  check.  Booklet  free.  It  caii  make  money  lor  you. 
F.  V.  GUNN  &  CO..  Riciimond,  Va.,  Aqts.  Va.  &  N.  C. 


The  WEST  DISINFECTING  CO..  Inc.,  Mfrs. 


Do  You  Snip  Apples? 

If  so,  let  us  call  your  attention  to  the  California  and  Oregon  apple 
boxes,-  the  coming  packages  for  nice  apples,  particularly  for  foreign 
shipments.  SOUTHSIDE  M'F'G.  CO.,  Petersburg,  Va. 


T  STANDS  FOe  BIG  CROPS.  ^^'^  'l^Vmmm. 

per  a.«Te  I'nr  ^i-a^s   sT,  d   sosvntr  a'd    even    fllytiibut:-'"   ■  '' 
lumiiy,danipor  dry  tcr^inztT^.  nothintJ:  equals  tiie 

9l    ANIxLELylGrainanJ  Fertiizer 

Positive  force  feed  for  fortilizL-r.  grain  andprasss.^id.  Dr. lis 
any  depth,  perfect  reg-ulation.  low  steel  or  wood  frnme.  h  uh 
wheela  with  bnad  tires.  Easy  to  All  and  opemte.  Light 
draft.  Investifrate  before  buyjnp.  Write  f-^r  free  catalogue. 
(SPAlfGLER  BIAUFG.  CO..  501  qUEEN  STREET,  YORK,  PA. 


668 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[October 


THE  "WE"  THAT  WINS. 

A  young  man  employed  in  a  respon- 
sible" position  by  a  great  corporation 
was  recently  discharged  to  make  room 
for  another.  Surprised  and  mortified, 
he  sought  an  explanation  from  the 
manager  of  his  department.  "Will 
you  kindly  tell  me  why  you  do  not 
want  me  any  longer?"  he  asked. 

"Certainly,"  was  the  reply;  "it  is 
because  you  always  said  'you'  instead 
of  'we.'  " 

"What  do  you  mean?" 

"I  mean  just  that!  You  never  said, 
'We'  should  do  so  and  so;  or  'WE' 
ought  to  follow  out  such-and-such  a 
policy.  It  was  always  'YOU'  in  re- 
ferring to  this  company,  of  which  you 
were  a  part.  In  speaking  to  a  fellow- 
employee  about  our  business,  you 
would  say  'THEY'  (meaning  this  com- 
pany), instead  of  'WE.'  This  lack  of 
a  live  personal  interest  in  the  success 
o£  the  concern  was  expressed  in  your 
actions,  no  less  than  by  your  words.  I 
should  advise  you  to  seek  employment 
with  some  company  to  which  you  can 
refer  as  'WE.'  " 

A  common  criticism  of  an  ambitioii 
young  man  is:  "He  acts  as  if  he  owned 
the  concern,  and  he's  only  a  clerk," 
It  is  the  young  man  who  works  as  if 
he  did  own  the  concern  who  often  be 
comes  the  owner  in  time. 

"We're  going  to  pay  a  dividend  of 
ten  million  dollars  next  month " 
proudly  remarked  an  office  boy  to 
waiting  visitor  in  the  reception  room 
of  a  railway  president.  That  boy's 
salary  is  five  dollars  a  week.  He  is  on 
the  right  track. 

But  it  is  necessary  to  think  WE  and 
act  WE  every  hour  of  every  day,  as 
well  as  to  say  WE.  WE  means  US, 
union,  solidity,  co-operative  enthusi 
asm.  YOU  means  the  other  fellows 
It's  the  WE  that  wins! 

HIS    EDUCATION    WASN'T    COM- 
PLETE. 

No  more  courteous  judge  ever  pre- 
sided at  a  trial  than  the  venerable 
Chief  Justice  of  the  New  York  Court 
of  Common  Pleas,  Charles  P.  Daly. 
The  story  is  still  told  among  our  New 
York  lawyers  how.  on  one  occasion,  a 
young  attorney,  while  trying  a  case, 
indulged  in  considerable  vituperation 
of  his  opponent's  witnesses,  finally  go- 
ing so  far  as  to  answer  the  court  very 
sharply  when  requested  to  modify  his 
language. 

Knowing  tliat  Judge  Daly  was  some- 
what of  a  stickler  for  the  dignity  of 
the  judiciary,  lawyers  and  court  at- 
tendants gazed  at  the  offending  attor- 
ney in  amazement. 

There  was  a  long  interval  of  silence. 
Finally  the  judge  leaned  over  the  bench 
and  said,  with  an  ironical  smile: 

"My  young  friend,  before  you  are  as 
old  as  I  am  you  will  have  learned  that 
it  is  about  as  well  to  read  Chesterfield 
as  Blackstone." — Fiiirress. 


Itis  Never  Too  Eeite 


)  get  a  buBHI  at  a  barBBiii  at  uo.  we  are  in  a  iiosition  MOW  to  seU  you  a 

SPLIT  HICKORY  SPECIAL  at  $47.50  %^i^ ^ 

The  neason's  rush  is  past,     "ant  to  keen  our  eipi.risworkiiie.     \ou  eet  the 
benefit.    30  Days'  Free  Trial.     "  nte  r.ir  c.t.iio 

OHIO  CAKKIAGK  MFG.  CO..       K!u(l,„i    Jl.  Cln<liinotl.  Ohio. 


VIRGINIA   DIVISION. 

Farmers  Mutual  Benefit  Association 

A  Fire  Insurance  Association,  chartered  by  the  State  of  Virginia,  for 
farmers,  under  an  amended  and  well  protected  plan. 

Insures  in  counties  surrounding  and  accessible  to  Richmond,  against  Fire 
and  Lightning,  only  country  properly — no  stores  or  unsafe  risks.  Policy-holders 
amply  secured — all  legitimate  losses  paid.  Average  cost  per  year  less  than  other 
plans,  and  a  great  saving  to  farmers.  Amount  of  property  now  insured,  $330,000, 
and  increasing  yearly.     Estimated  securiey  in  real  and  other  estate,  $750,000. 

For  further  information,  address,  CHAS.  N.  FRIEND,  General  Agent, 

MENTION  THIS  JOUKNA.L.  CHESTER,  VIRGINIA. 


43t3t'Jtxx3tyt3tat'<Jtr:*ytrjc44<<<<<'<^<*<^^^ 


TKis  C\jt 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  bacli  num- 
bers can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Address 
our  Business  Office. 


si       (INCORPORATED.) 

i 

$  P.O. Box 949. 


A  shows  a  TO  ft.,  60  bbl.  tank  tower, 
3  12  ft.  wheel  and  pump — operated 
^  either  by  windmill  or  horse  power, 
i*  erected  by  us  for  tne  State  Reform 
ft  School  at  Laurel,  Va. 
I  ir    YOU    HAVE 

i   TROUBLE 

M  with  your  water  supply, 

«*  write  us  for  advice. 

V  Artesian  Well    Drillers. 

Z.       "Water  Supply  Contractors. 

i  ^  ^  ^ 


:J>t«««xxjcxic>aeje««xxja^^ 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


669 


5  LBS.  !1  DAY  i  an  EXTRAORDINARY  GAIN 

RocKPORT,  Kansas,  Nov.  21,  1902. 
International  Stock  Food  Co.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Dear  Sirs: — Your  'international  Stock  Food"  is  all  you  claim  for  it.  We  have  the 
nicest  pigs  and  hogs  that  we  ever  had.  Tested  it  on  one  old  sow  that  was  very  poor 
from  suckling  pigs.  She  could  hardly  make  a  shadow.  We  took  the  pigs  away  and 
fed  her  "International  Stock  Food"  in  her  feed  and  I  do  really  believe  that  she  put  on 
5  pounds  of  flesh  per  day.  Yours  truly,         M.  C.  JERBY. 

^W«  Have  ThoucaDds  of  SlmlUr  TeatlmonUU  aad  Will  Pa^  Ton  $1000 Cash  to  Prore  That  Tfa«y  Are  I?ot  Gaanlne  aod  Un&ollcIt«d.*=^ 


moD  Makes,  CotTS,  Work  Horses,  Cattle  and  Hoos.  "INTER.'iATIONAL  STOCK  FOOD"  IW  3  FEEDS  \ 
pared  from  Roots,  Herba,  Seeds,  and  Barts  and  Won  the  Highest  Medal  at  Paris  Exposition  in  1000  a 

I  addittoD  to  the  regular  feed.    It  ii 


lilation  so  that  each  ( 


t  High-Class  vegutable,  medicinal  preparatic 

Ereat  Aid  in  Growing  or  Fattening  stock  be< 

nimal  obtains  more  nutrition  from  the  gn 
lusual  Plan  of  Growing  and  Fattening  stock.     "Inlernatlonal  8toek'Food"  can  be  fed  in  safety  to  Horses,  Cattle,  Sheep,  Goats, 
Hogs,  Colts,  Calves,  Lambs  or  Pigs.     It  if  Absolutely  Harmless  even  if  taken  into  the  Human   System.     You  insist  on  eating  i 


obc  fed  to  stock  h 

i  it  increasoB  the  appetite  end  Aids  Dipestic 
We  positively  guarantee  that  ii 


medicinal  ingrcdic 


•itb  your  Own  food  at  every  meal.  Salt  is  a  stomach  tonic 
timulatingtonic.  Mustard  is  a  remedy  for  dyspepsia,  Vinegar  is  a  diuretic.  You  ei 
cry  mouthful  of  your  food,  and  it  is  proven  that  these  medicines  promote  health  i 


.>  Paper.     H  purifies  the  Mood,  i 

;^Cash  Gnaranle©"  br  Fifty  ThousanJ  Dealpi 

dngly  and  has  the  larger 


r  food,  anditii 
t 'International  Stock  Pood" 
)  to  keep  them  in  the  best  possible  condit 


egetable  medicinal  i 


medicine,  Pepper 
^  these  medicinal  ingredients  aini 
igth  for  people  and  impn 


erful S 
Mth  I 


anontly  strcn^thons  tho  e 


red.     "luternatlonal  Stock  Food'*  is  s 

oof  failure.     It  will  mate  your  Calves  or  Pigs  b« 

Chemist  can  separate  all  the  Different ) 


WHAT    PEOPLE    SAY    ABOUT    miS    BOOK. 

iHma&TiONAi.  STOCK  Food  Co.,  H    iNiERNaTioNai,  Stock  Food  Co.,  Odessa,  Mo. 

Ean  Claire.  Wis.        ■  Dear  Sirs: — Your  "Interuational  Stock  Book"  duly  received. 

Dear  Sirs:— I  received  your  "International  Stock  Book"  and     ■     and  it  is  the  best  thing  of  its  class  that  I  have  ever  seen.     There  is 
was  more  than  pleased  with  it.      It  is  worth  more  than  $10.00  to  ^B^   a  volume  of  useful  articles  in  it  from  start  to  finish, 
me.  Very  truly  yours.  RICHARD  J.  MORRISSEY.  g^KStk  Respectfully,  GEO.  W.  NDI,!,. 


A  $300000  STOCK  BOOH  FREE 


IT  CONTAINS  183  LARGE  ENGRAVINGS  OF  HORSES,  CATTLE,  SHEEP,  POULTRY,  ETC. 


Sheep,  Goats,  Hogs  and  Poultry. 


Artists  and  Engrarers 
Breeds  of  Horses,  Cattle, 
I  That  7oa  Oogbt  To  Hav* 


*^tock  Picture  *5-Prlnted  In  Six  Bpllltant  Colors.    Size  of  the  book  isCV;  hv  %%  inches.     Ueost  ns  $8iKM)  to 
non  Piseaees,  and  tellfl  how  to  treat  them.     It  also  gives  Description,  HieioCT  and  lilnstrationB  of  the  Diffen 

-        ..     „     -     -     , JDS  Lifo  EngTavingB  of  many  Tory  n*ted  Animals,  and  also  testimonials.     The  Editor  flf  This  Paper  Will  Tell 

XMb  Stock  Book  In  Tour  Library  For  P.eferenco.    ^It  Contains  a  Finely  llluctrated  Veterinary  Department  That  Will  S:ive  Yon  Hundreds  of  Dollars. 

WE   WILL    MAIL    IT   TO    YOU    ABSOLUTELY    FREE,    jKiTPostage    Prepasd. 
We  Will  Pay  Too  $T0.00  Cash  it  book  &s  not  as  described.     Write  oa  Bt  once,  letter  or  postal  card,  and  ahsweb  these  2  quKSTIOffS: 

1st.— Name  This  Paper.       Sd.— How  Mncb  Stock  Have  Youf 


Wo  Employ  Over  300  People  and  have 
BandredB  of  Thousands  of  Testimonials. 
Refer  to  Any  Bank  in  Minneapolis. 


INTERNATIONAL  STOCK  FOOD  CO..  Minneapolis,  Minn., U.S.  A. 


Laigost  Stock  Food  Factory  in  tho  Wo>ld. 

Capital  Paid  in.  $1,000,000. 
600.000  Foe  t  of  Space  in  Our  New  Factory. 


THE   REAL   THING. 

Vir.ginia  Rosamond  Josephine,  our 
pretty  colored  maid  from  the  Souin, 
is  the  proud  possessor  of  a  rhinestone 
belt  buclvle  which  her  mistress  brought 
her  home  from  Paris  not  long  since. 
Teddy  asked  her  the  other  day: 
"Are  they  real  diamonds.  'Ginny?" 
"No.  indeedy,"  she  replied,  with  a 
toss  of  her  woolly  pompadour.  "Dey's 
real  grindstones.  Missy  fetched  'em 
to  me  from  Paradise!" — October  Lip- 
pincott's. 


SOME  PROVERBS. 

Without  sterling  honesty  of  purpose, 
life  is  a  sham. 

When  thinking  of  your  future  never 
use  "if,"  use  "when." 

Fortune  favors  the  brave. 

Tact  and  diplomacy  is  the  oil  of 
civilization. 

Early  to  bed,  early  to  rise,  makes  a 
man  healthy,  wealthy  and  wise. 

Solitude  is  the  nurse  of  wisdom. 

He  that  will  thrive  must  rise  at  five, 
he  that  hath  thriven  may  lie  till  seven. 


The  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway 

Extending  from  Cincinnati  and  Louisville,  and 
THROUGH   ITS  CONNECTIONS.... 

THE  BIG  FOUR  SYSTEM,  from  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  Peoria,  Indianapolis, 

Sandusky  and  Cleveland ; 
THE  OHIO  CENTRAL  LINES,  from  Toledo  and  Columbus; 
THE  CINCINNATI,  HAMILTON  &  DAYTON,  from  Detroit,  Toledo,  Lima 
and  Dayton — 

FORMS  THE  MOST  DIRECT  ^"^.o'rt'h'eVu.dTsr^  ROUTE. 

To  STAUNTOISf,   LVNCHBVRC,  CHARI,OXTBSVILI-E, 
RICHMOIVD,    PJBTER     BURG,    NORFOLK, 
And  Principal  Virginia  Points. 

m.  W.  FULLER,  Qen.  Pass.  Agt.  C.  &  0.  Ry.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


670 


THE  SOUTHEEI^  PLANTEE. 


[October 


THE   GREATEST   OF   THEIR   KIND 
IN  THE  WORLD. 

The  largest  city  in  the  world  is 
London,  lying  in  four  counties,  and 
having  a  population  o£  5,250,000,  equal- 
ling the  combined  populations  of  Paris, 
Berlin,  Saint  Petersburg  and  Rome! 
To  walk  through  all  the  streets,  aven- 
ues, lanes  and  alleys  of  the  city,  never 
traversing  the  same  one  twice,  would 
require  a  ten*  mile  walk  every  day  for 
nine  years.  The  streets,  placed  in  a 
row,  would  reach  round  the  world,  and 
leave  a  remnant  that  would  stretch 
frrom  London  to  San  Francisco, 

The  largest  geyser  in  the  world  is 
the  Excelsior  Geyser,  in  Yellowstone 
Park.  Its  basin  is  full  of  boiling  wa- 
ter, from  which  clouds  of  steam  are 
constantly  ascending.  At  long  inter- 
vals water  is  spouted  into  the  air  to  a 
hei,ght  of  from  50  to  300  feet. 

The  largest  crater  in  the  world  is 
that  of  Haleakala,  in  the  Sandwich 
Islands.  The  circumference  of  the 
crater  is  about  20  miles;  its  depth,  in 
places,  being  2,000  feet.  If  the  in- 
terior were  cleared  of  its  debris,  New 
York  city  could  be  placed  on  the  black 
lava  floor,  and  from  three  to  five  other 
big  cities  put  over  it  before  their 
spires  would  protrude  at  the  top. 

The  most  magnificent  work  of  archi- 
tecture is  deemed  to  be  the  palace 
Temple  of  Karnak,  occupying  an  area 
of  nine  acres,  or  twice  that  of  St. 
Peter's  it  Rome.  The  temple  space  is 
a  poet's  dream  of  gigantic  columns, 
beautiful  courts  and  wondrous  aven- 
ues of  sphinxes. 

The  largest  library  in  the  world  is 
the  National  Library  of  Paris,  which 
contains  40  miles  of  shelves,  holding 
1,400,000  books.  There  are  also  175.- 
000  manuscripts,  300,000  maps  and 
charts,  and  150,000  coins  and  medals. 

The  finest  gardens  in  the  world  are 
the  Royal  Gardens  at  Kew,  England. 
They  cover  an  area  of  about  270  acres, 
and  are  visited  by  about  1,500,000  per- 
sons a  year.  The  gardens  contain  the 
finest  collection  of  exotic  plants  In  the 
world,  a  palm  house,  a  winter  garden, 
a  muKe\ini.  an  observatory,  and  a  school 
for  gardeners. 

The  largest  cask  in  the  world  is  the 
Blatner  Cask  of  Nuremberg.  It  is  105 
feet  in  diameter  and  51  feet  deep,  and 
its  completion  a  few  years  ago  was 
celebrated  by  a  ball,  at  which  over  500 
persons  were  on  the  floor  of  the  cask, 
excluding  musicians,  waiters  and  as- 
sistants. 


The  reporter  was  interviewing  the 
Western  millionaire.  "Is  it  true  that 
you  are  .going  to  endow  a  chair  in  that 
university?"  "Endow  a  chair?"  he 
thundered:  "why,  b'gosh,  I  can  give  a 
whole  set  o'  furniture,  an'  I'll  do  it,  too. 
Say  that  in  your  paper!  There  ain't 
nothing  cheap  about  me." 

"Jenkins  is  an  artist  in  his  line." 
"So?"  "Yes;  he  drew  a  glass  of  beer 
so  natural  that  a  patron  came  in  and 
drank  it."  "Well,  who  is  Jenkins,  any- 
way?" "Well,  he's  a  bartender,  of 
course." 


i    Co^^r     /visile    For  The  Whole  World! 
:  i^clW     iTllli4S    Big  Ones  and  Little  Ones! 

All  sizes  from  4  H.  P.  Farmers'  Mill  that  cuts  3,000  feetla'day,  up  to  the  blegesl  that's  made. 

cr  asm  over  io.ooo  deloach  patent  saw  mills  in  use. 

Our  Large  Catalog 
No.  66 

will  interest  you.  It  illus- 
trates and  tells  all  about  the 
famous  DeLoach  Patent  Va- 
riable Friction  Feed  Saw 
nills,  Shingle  Mills,  Planers, 
Edgers,  Trimmers,  Stave  and 
Lath  Mills,  Bolters,  Cord 
Wood  and  Drag  Saws,  Corn 
and  BuhrMiUs,  Water  Wheels, 
Mill  Gearing,  Pulleys,  Shaft- 
ing, Etc. 

Please  mention  the  Southern 
Planter  when  writing  us. 
We  will  appreciate  it. 

ti  Del0AGHilLLmfllGIUi!INGC0.,B0)(666  HWO.Gfl  HfWYOlKEfOrclUHLitiefiySI. 

J  The  Largest  Saw  Mill  Manufacturing  Plant  in  the  World. 

»*>*»»>  jf »»»  »y>  >»r>^>J^>•■>  »~>(>:je>:»:«>:  jt»"«jf»»  >>««««* 


CHARTERED     1870. 

MERCHANTS  NATIONAL  BANE 

OF    RICHMOND,    VIRGINIA. 
Capital  Stock,  ...  $200,000.00 

Surplus  and  Profits,  -  -  $672,445.75 

Designated  Depository  of  the  United  States,  City  of  Richmond  and  Commonwealth 

of  Virginia. 

Being  the  Largest  Depository  for  Banks  between  Baltimore  and  New  Orleans,  this 

Bank  offers  superior  facilities  for  direct  and  quick  collections. 


JNO.  P.  branch, 

President. 


JNO.  K.BRANCH, 

Vice-President. 


JOHN  F.GLENN, 

Cashier. 


TheHESSLER 


mj' 


ROUND,   STRONQ,    DURABLE 

No  riip-Flap  Contrivances.  

You  can  scrape  the  mail  out  with  your 
mittens  on.  PRICE 

A  square  box  is  bothersome.  $1.00. 

Our  box  is  the  best  and  cheapest,  fully  up  to  the  government's  requirements. 

IDISCOXTiTT    IIT    XJOZEiT     XiCrS. 

H.  E.  HESSLER  CO.,  Dept.  Z.,  Syracuse,  New  York. 


FINE  HOLSTEIN  BULL,  3  years  old, 
eligible  to  registry,  for  sale.     $40. 

ONE  GRADE  HEREFORD  COW,  with 
first  calf,  sired  by  registered  Here- 
ford bull.     $40. 

ONE  GRADE  HEREFORD  HEIFER, 
crossed  on  Shorthorn,  a  model  of 
beauty.     $40.     Address 

H.  E.  JOHNSON,  R.  F.  D.,  Swansboro,  Va. 


POLAND-CHINA  and  TAMWORTH 
PIGS,  entitled  to  registration.  Some 
ready  for  service.  Also  grade  Here- 
fords,  both  sexes,  for  sale  at  farmer's 
prices,  by  J.  C.  GRAVES, 

Barboursville,    Va. 


1903.]  THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER^ 671 

BILTMORE  FARMS,  =  Biltmore,  N.  C. 

Headquarters  for  GOLDEN  LAD  JERSEYS, 

Also  Get  of  TREVARTH  and  GEN.  MARIGOLD.    ^   J-  jf- 

GOLDEN  LAD'S  SUCCESSOR.  First  and  sweepstakes  over  all  at  the  Pan-American  Exposition,  the 
champion  JERSEY  BULL  OF  AMERICA,  and  out  of  Golden  Ora,  our  great  prize-winning  cow,  both 
born  and  developed  on  these  Farms,  is  among  our  service  bulls. 

Biltmore  Jerseys  are  a  combination  of  large  and  persistent  milking  qualities  with  an  individuaUty 
that  wins  in  the  show  ring. 

SPECIALTY.  Write  for  descriptive  circular  of  the  best  lot  of  young  buU  calves  ever  offered,  both  for 
breeding  and  individuality.  They  are  by  noted  sires  and  out  of  large  and  tested  selected  dams.  Many 
of  these  calves  are  fit  to  show  and  win  in  any  company. 

^  ^  BILTMORE  POULTRY  YARDS.  ^  J- 

SPECIALTY.  ^Yrite  for  descriptive  circular  of  eggs  from  our  prize-winning  pens.  Over  50  yards  to  select 
from,  made  up  of  the  winners  at  the  leading  shows  for  the  last  two  seasons.  If  you  want  winners  you 
must  breed  from  winners. 

Headquarters  for  the  best  IMPORTED  ENGLISH  BERKSHIRES. 

APPLY  TO   BILTMORE    FARMS,  biltmore,  n.  c. 


imPEBIHLFMiTiiiBPflnLTuFllBln 

Is  now  booking  orders  for  Eggs  from  the  best  strains  and  careful  matings  of 

Barred,  Buff  and  White  Plymouth  Rocks, 
Silver=Laced  and  White  Wyandottes, 
S.  C.  B.  Leghorns  and  Mammoth  Pekin  Ducks, 
AT  $1.00    PER   SITTING. 
EGGS    FROM    BLACK    DEVIL   PIT   GAMES. 

Never  known  to  run.     The  grittiest  of  all  games.      $2.00    PER    SITTING. 

We  give  15  Chicken  and  13  Duck  Eggs  for  sitting.      Order    at  once. 
Write  name  and  address  plainly.     Remember  the  express  is  no  more  on  2  or  3  sittings  than  on  i. 
Refer  to  Augusta  National  Bank  and  former  patrons.    Satisfaction  guaranteed  or  money',refunded 

P.  H.  HEYDENREICH,    -    StauntonrVa. 


672 


THE  SOUTnERN  PLANTER. 


[October 


DOMESTIC  ECONOMY. 

To  remove  blood  stains,  use  clear, 
cold  water  at  first,  then  soap  and 
water. 

It  is  just  the  right  thing  to  have  an 
embroidered  bag  to  put  one's  night 
dress  in. 

Use  a  pancake  lifter  to  place  cookies 
on  the  tin,  and  to  remove  them  when 
they  arp  baked. 

Cold  boiled  potatoes  are  more  appo- 
tizing  if  a  little  flour  is  sprinkled  over 
them  while  frying. 

If  your  washtub  leaks,  turn  the  bot- 
tom side  up  and  fill  the  leaky  plaice 
with  good  hard  soap. 

When  making  soups  or  broths,  put 
the  meat  or  bones  into  cold  water  to 
draw  out  the  juices. 

Leather  goods  can  be  freshed  up  by 
rubbing  them  well  with  a  piece  of 
cloth  dipped  in  the  white  of  an  egg. 

To  keep  irons  from  sticking  to 
starched  pieces,  lay  a  little  fine  salt 
on  a  flat  surface  and  rub  them  well 
over  it. 

When  acid  of  any  kind  gets  on  cloth- 
ing, spirts  of  ammonia  will  kill  it. 
Chloroform  applied  will  restore  the 
color. 

To  remove  grass  stains,  allow  the 
spots  to  remain  saturated  with  alcohol 
for  a  little  time,  then  wash  in  clear 
water. 

When  darning  woollen  hose,  make 
the  threads  one  way  of  stout  thread, 
with  the  cross  threads  of  woollen 
yarn.  The  result  is  a  firm,  smootli 
darn,  which  looks  and  wears  well. 

To  remove  fresh  tea  and  coffee  stains 
place  the  stained  linen  over  a  largo 
bowl  and  pour  through  it  boiling  water 
from  the  tea  kettle,  held  at  a  height 
to  ensure  force. 

Paint  spots  on  glass  can  be  removed 
by  moistening  with  a  strong  solution 
of  soda — the  common  kitchen  variety. 
This  will  soften  them,  when  they  can 
be  rubbed  off.  and  the  glass  should  then 
be  rubbed  with  alcohol. 

To  prevent  wooden  bowls  from 
cracking,  immerse  them  in  cold  water, 
then  set  over  the  fire,  bring  to  the 
boiling  point,  and  let  boil  for  an  hour, 
and  don't  take  them  out  until  the  wa- 
ter has  gradually  cooled. 

A  soothing  drink  for  a  sore  throat 
that  is  recommended,  is  made  of  a 
pint  of  barley  water  brought  to  a  boil 
over  a  hot  Are,  to  which  is  added, 
while  stirring  until  dissolved,  one 
ounce  of  the  best  gum  arable.  Sweeten 
to  taste. 

To  clean  the  ivory  handles  of  knives, 
mix  ammonia  and  olive  oil  In  equal 
parts,  and  add  enough  prepared  chalk 
to  make  a  paste.  Rub  the  ivory  with 
this,  and  let  it  dry  before  brushing  off. 
Several  applications  may  be  necessary. 


Your  money  back 

If  you  are  not  satisfied 

DO  YOU  SUPPOSE  that  a  company  with  a  capital  of  8500.000  OO,  paid  In  fviU,  and  the 

firoud  reputation  o(  36  years  of  continuous  success,  would  make  such  an  oOer  and  not  carry 
t  out  to  the  letter?  , 

DO  YOU  SUPPOSE  we  would  jeopardize  our  standing  with  the  public  and  our  chanoes 
of  still  greater  success  by  failing  to  fulfil  any  promise  we  make  ? 

DO  YOU  SUPPOSE  we  would  make  such  an  offer  if  we  did  not  have  the  utmost  confi- 
dence in  the  satisfying  quality  of  our  goods  ?  

WE  KNOW  we  can  please  you  and  save  vou  money,  for  HAYNER  WHISKEY  goes 
direct  from  our  distillery  to  you.  with  all  its  original  richness  and  flavor,  carrying  a  UNITED 
STATES  REGISTERED  DISTILLER'S  GUARANTEE  of  PURITY  and  AGE  and  saving    L 
you  the  big  profits  of  the  dealers.  That's  why  it's  best  for  medicinal  purposes.  That'.-5  why    E 
it's  preferred  for  other  uses.    That's  why  we  are  regularly  supplying  over  a  quarter  of  a    r. 
million  satisfied  customers.    Thai's  why  YOU  should  try  it.  g 

Direct  from  our  distillery  to  YOU 

Savis  Dtalsrs'  Profits  I   Pravants  Adultsration ! 

HAYMER  WHISKEY 

PURE  SEVEN-YEAR-OLD  RYE 

4     FULL    $0:20  EXPRESS 
QUARTS  O      PREPAID 

Wewlll  send  you  POUR  FULL  QUARTS  of  HAYNER'S  SEVEN-YEAR- 
OLD  RYE  for  $3.20,  and  we  will  pay  the  express  charges.  When  you  receive 
the  whiskey,  try  it  and  if  you  don't  find  it  all  right  and  as  good  as  you  ever 
drank  or  can  buy  from  any  body  else  at  any  price,  then  send  it  back  at  our 
expense  and  your  $3.'20  will  be  returned  to  you  by  next  mail.  How  could 
an  offer  be  fairer?  We  take  all  the  risk  and  stand  ail  the  expense,  if 
the  goods  do  not  please  you.  Won't  you  let  us  send  you  a  trial  order?  We 
Ship  in  a  plain  sealed  case;  no  marks  to  show  what's  inside. 

Orders  for  Ariz.,  Cal.,  Col.,  Idaho.  Mont..  Nev.,  N.  Mex..  Ore.,  Utah.  Wash. 
or  Wyo.,  must  be  on  the  basis  of  4  Quarts  for  S4.00  by  Express 
Prepaid  or  SO  Quarts  for  SIG.OO  by  Freight  Prepaid, 

Write  our  nearest  office  and  do  it  NOW. 

THE  HAYNER  DESTILLING  COMPANY 

ATLANTAi  GA,  DAYTON,  OHIO  ST.  LOUIS,  MU.  ST.  PAUL  MINN. 

156  DiSTILtiBBY,  TBOT,  O.  ESTABLISHED  1866. 


A  WASHING  MACHINE  is  as  great  a  necessity  in  the  house  as  a  wringer 

THE  MAJESTIC  ROTARY  WASHER 

has  loo  many  good  points  for  explanation  in  an  ad- 
vcrtisemcnL.  Your  name  on  a  postal  card  will 
bring  our  booklet,  with  full  particulars  of  our  six 
different  machines  and  how  to  get  them.  One  of 
them  will  cerliiiuly  please  you.  All  are  made  with 
electrically  welded  wire  hoops  sunk  in  grooves — our 
patent.  Being  the  largest  manufacturers  of  wood 
enware  in  the  world,  we  can  make  better  machines 
for  the  money  than  any  one  else.  If  you  want  a 
marhino  that  washes,  buy  one  of  ours. 

THE  RICHMOND  CEDAR  WORKS.  Richmond,  Va. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


"MOORE"    QUALITY 

J.  s. 

Successors  to  J.  S.  MOORE  &  SONS. 
CORNER    EiaHTEENTH    &,    MAIN    STREET*. 

Wholesale  and  Retail 


673 


•MOORE"    QUANTITY 


RICHMOND,    VIRQINIA. 


...Grocers,  Feed  and  Liquor  Dealers  ... 


WE    CAN    SAVE    YOU    WIONEY. 


Read  carefully  below  our  low  prices  on  best  Groceries,  Feed  and  Liquors. 
i^^SPECIAL  ATTENTION  GIVEN  TO  OUT  OF  TOWN  ORDERS. 


Levering  Coffee,  per  lb 9i 

Granulated  Sugar,  per  lb 5 

Light  Brown  Sugar,  per  lb 4 J 

Lion  Coffee,  per  lb.,  Daisy 10 

Arbuckle's  Coffee,  per  lb 9 J 

Best  Green  Tea,  per  lb V5 

Choice  Green  Tea,  per  lb 60 

Good  Green  Tea,  per  lb 40  &  50 

Black  Tea,  Best,  per  lb 50 

Good  Black  Tea,  per  lb.  .' 40 

Mixed  Tea,  per  lb 30,  40  &  50 

Fair  Black  Tea,  per  lb 25 

Best  Rice,  per  lb 8 

Good  Rice,  per  lb 5 

Pure  Leaf  Lard,  per  lb 11 

Good  Lard,  9c.,  or  3  lbs 25 

Cooked  Sliced  Ham,  per  lb 12* 

Good  Salt  Pork,  per  lb 8 

Choice  Salt  Pork,  per  lb 10 

Best  Salt  Pork,  per  lb 12 

Best  Potted  Ham  and  Tongue,  can.        4 

*  lb.  can  Chipped  Beef 10 

New   N.   C.   Cut  Herrings,   dozen, 

10c. ,  or,  per  bbl 4.25 

New   N.   C.   Roe   Herrings,   dozen, 

18e.,  or,  per  bbl.,  $5;  or  i  bbl 2.75 

Our  Pride  of  Richmond  Flour,  best 

patent,  per  bbl 4.75 

Our  Daisy  Flour,  good  patent,  per 

bbl 4.25 

Our  Excelsior  Flour,  good  family, 

per  bbl 3.75 

Fresh  Soda  Crackers,  per  lb 5 

Ginger  Snaps,  per  lb 5 

New  Mixed  Nuts,  per  lb 12i 


Fresh  Mixed  Cakes,  per  lb 8 

6  bars  Colgate's  Octagon  Soap.  ...      25 

7  bars  Octagon  Shape  Soap,  10-oz. 
cakes  for 25 

10  bars  Moon  Soap,  8-ounce  cakes.  25 
12  bars  Hustler  Soap,  8-oz  cakes. .  25 
Small  California  Hams,  per  lb. . .  .       9 

Good  Salmon,  can,  9c.;  3  cans 25 

Large  Mackerel,  each 10 

Large- cans  Good  Tomatoes,  can..  8 
Large  cans  Best  Tomatoes,  can.  . .  9 
2  lb.  cans  Best  Tomatoes,  can. ...        6 

Large  .Juicy  Lemons,  dozen 15 

Green  Coffee,  per  lb.,  9c.;  3  lbs 25 

Quart  Mason  Jars  of  Light  Syrup.      10 

I  gallon  Can  Light  Syrup 20 

1  gallon  can  Light  Syrup 40 

^  bbl  Clipped  Herrings 2.75 

200  pound  sack  salt,  per  sack 85 

100  pound  sack  salt,  per  sack -IS 

Best  Full  Cream  Cheese,  per  lb..      15 

Lump  Starch,  per  lb 4 

Best  Water  Ground  Meal,  per  peck, 

20c.;  per  bushel   70 

Best  Ship  Stuff,  per  100,  $1.20;  ton.23.00 
Best  Bran  or  Brown  Stuff,  per  100.  1.10 

Best  Mixed  Oats,  per  bushel 48 

Cotton  Seed  Hulls 9.50 

Best  No.  1  Timothy  Hay,  per  ton.  .17.00 
Porto  Rico  Molasses,  per  gallon.  .  35 
New  Orleans  Molasses,  per  gallon.  ?0 
Good  Dark  Molasses,  per  gallon..  20 
Maple  Syrup,  A  pint 10 

3  plugs  of  any  10c.  Tobacco  for  25o 


CHOICE  WINES  AND  LIQUORS. 

Moore's  Crown,  fine,  per  gal $3.00 

Moore's  Excelsior,  fine,  per  gal 2.00 

Moore's  Keystone,  3  years  old,  per 

gal 2-50 

Moore's  Old  Capital,   2  years  old, 

per  gal l-^O 

Pure  Va.  Apple  Brandy,  gallon...  3.00 
Maryland  Apple  Brandy,  gallon..  2.25 
Imported  Sherry  Wine,  gallon     . .   3.00 

Good  Gin,  per  gallon 2.00 

Best  Gin,  gallon 2.50 

Best  N.  C.  Corn  Whiskey,  iier  gal..  2.00 

Best  Catawba,  per  gallon 45 

Blackberry  Wine,  per  gallon 45 

Good  Port  or  Sherry  Wine,  gallon .   1.00 

New  England  Rum,  per  gallon 2.00 

7  year  old   Pure  Rye,   1896,   Good 

Hyspire  Brand,  per  gallon 3.50 

Duffy's  Malt  Whiskey,  per  bottle, 

SOc. ;  per  dozen  9-00 

O'Grady's  Malt  Whiskey,  per  bottle, 

SOc. ;    per  dozen 9.00 

McDermott's    Malt    Whiskey,    per 

bottle,  SOc;  per  dozen 9.00 

Pure  Scotch  Whiskey,  User  Brand, 

per  quart 1-15 

Pure  Fulcher  Mountain  Whiskey, 

per  quart 1-15 

Pure    Savage    Mountain    Whiskey, 

4  years  old,  very  fine,  gallon...   3.00 
Wilson    Whiskey,    $1    bottle;     per 

dozen,    H-SO 

With  1  dozen  one-half  pints  free  in 
case. 
3  year  old  pure  Blackberry  Wiue, 

per  gallon  100 

Jas.  E.  Pepper  Whiskey,  bottle .  . .   1.00 


such  as  Peach,  Plum,  Grape,  Reynold 
Cocoanuts,  5c.;  or,  per  100 3.50  |  Sun  Cured  and  other  brands. 

We  have  everything  in  the  Grocery,  Liquor  and  Feed  line,  and  can  furnish  anything  not  quoted 
at  lowest  market  price.     Prices  on  Staple  Groceries  and  Feed  subject  to  market  changes. 

We  know  the  difficulty  farmers  experience  in  getting  good  family  liquors  owing  to  recent  leg- 
islation, ancfhave  made  special  arrangements  to  supply  this  trade.  Plain  packages— any  size  of 
any  brand  shipped  promptly.     SEND  US  YOUR  ORDERS. 


674 


THE  souther:^  planter. 


[Octo}>er 


WAGONS  and  BUGGIES 

MADE 

RIGHT  HERE 

AT    MOME 

BY 

The  BARBOUR  BUGGY  CO., 
The  HUGHES  BUGGY  CO., 
The  VIRGINIA    WAGON    CO. 

These  vehicles  are  guaranteed  to  be  as  good  as  can  be  bought  elsewhere;  material  and 
workmanship  unsurpassed;  all  sizes  and  styles,  prices  low.  We  can  save  you  time, 
money  and  freight  by  purchasing  our  vehicles.  Send  for  our  illustrated  catalogues. 
Drop  in  our  warehouse  and  inspect  our  stock.     Inquiries  cheerfully  answered. 

AGENTS    FOR    DEERING    MACHINES. 

RICHMOND  BUQQY  &  WAGON  CO.,  1433  E.  Main  Street,  RICHMOND,  VA. 

J.  T    DUNN,  Manager. 


All  of  Virginia. 


-jaTHIRD  ANNUAL  EXHIBITIONS^ 

Hichmond  [jorse  ^hm  Association, 

RICHMOND,    -:-    VIRGINIA. 

October  I3th,  J4th,  15th,  1 6th  and  J7th,  J903. 


Night  Exhibitions  with  Saturday  Matinee. 
Over  $8,000.00  in  prizes. 

W.  0.  WARTHEN,  Secretary, 
J.  T.  ANDERSON,  President. 


Pedigrees  traced  and  tabulated.    Catalogues  compiled  and 

circulars  prepared.    Special  attention  given  registration 

matters  pertaining  to  thoroughbreds  and  trotting  horses 

.  .  .  BY  .  .  . 

w.  J.  CARTER  (Broad  Rock), 

P.O.  Box  929  RICHMOND,  VA 

Representing  the  .... 

The  Times-Dispatch,  Richmond,  Va. 
SouTHEKN  Planter,  Richmond,  Va. 
Spobts  or  TUE  Times,  New  York. 
Kentucky  Stock  Farm,  Lexington,  Ky. 
Bbeedeb  and  Sportsman,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


FOR    SALE: 


The  Fine  Thoroughbred  Stallion 

ED.  KEARNEY. 

Chestnut  horse,  16. OJ  hands  high,  weight  1,150  pounds.  By 
Tom  Ochiltree,  son  of  Lexington  and  Katona  ;  dam  Medusa, 
liy  Sensation,  .second  dam  Hilda,  by  imp.  Eclipse.  (For  ex- 
tension of  pedigree  see  Amer.  Stud  Book,  Vol.  6,  page  740). 

ED.  KEARNEY  was  a  fine  race  horse,  and  won  a  number  of 
races  both  in  the  East  and  in  California.  He  is  a  grand  speci- 
men of  the  thoroughbred  stallion.  No  horse  sires  finer  colts 
from  all  classes  of  mares.     Address 

ROBERT  TAIT,  Commercial  Place,  Norfolk,  Va. 


AGNEL,  38033. 

Bay  stallion,  foaled  1900;  sired  by  Guardsman  1935.5,  record 
2.23i;  dam  of  the  great  brood  mare  Zeta,  dam  of  Miss  Duke 
2.13,  etc.  by  Red  Wilkes. 

AGNEL  has  fine  size  and  is  a  grand  looking  young  horse,  he 
is  richly  bred  and  has  the  action  of  a  trotter. 
Fee  1116.00  the  season. 

BEN  W.  SUTHERLAND,  Mt.  Olive,  N.  C. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


675 


A.  C.  SINTON.  President, 


R.  R.  GWATHMEY,  Vice-President, 
Jl      Jl      Jt      Jl      J« 


J.  J.  SUTTON,  Secretary, 


ESTABLISHED  1840. 


The  watt  PLOW  CO., 

15th  &  Franklin  and  14th  &  Main  Sts.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Agricultural  Implements, 
Machinery,  Vehicles  and 
Harness.  ^  ^  ^  ^ 


INCORPORATED  1893. 


PEERLESS  ENGINE. 


HOCKING  VALLEY  FEED  CUTTER. 


DAIN  CORN  CUTTER. 


STAR  SWEEP  MILL. 


SECTIONS  OF  WIRE  FENCE. 


A  full  Stock  always  on  hand,  and' 
prompt  shipments  guaranteed.  South 
Bend,  Dixie  and  Farmer's  Friend 
Plows  and  repairs.  The  Hancock  Ro- 
tary Disc  Plow,  warranted  to  go  in 
the  ground  where  all  others  fail. 

Hocking  Valley  Feed  Cutters,  Cy- 
clone Shredders,  Smalley  Feed  Cutters, 
Dain  Corn  Cutters.  Equal  to  any  made. 
Staver  Buckeye  Feed  Mill  and  Horse 
Power  Combined.  Star  Sweep  Mill. 
Either  grinds  corn  on  cob  or  shelled. 

Whitman  All-Steel,  full  circle  Hay 
Presses.  George  Ertel  Company's  full 
circle  Hay  Presses.  Rapid  Fire  Horse 
Power  Hay  Press,  for  one  horse,  a  good, 
cheap  press.  Will  put  up  from  150  to 
200  bales  a  day.  The  well  known  Min- 
nich  Brand  Baling  Presses. 

Hocking  Valley  Wine  and  Cider 
Mills.  Hard  wood  rollers.  The  best 
mill  made. 

Hocking  Valley  Corn  Shellers,  for 
hand  or  power.  Smalley  Electric  Pole 
and  Wood  Saws,  for  steam  or  horse 
power.  Peerless  Engines  and  Saw 
Mills  always  in  stock.  Several  good 
second-hand  Engines  and  other  second- 
hand machinery  for  sale.  "Pittsburgh 
Perfect"  fencing,  electrically  welded. 
See  cuts  showing  weld.  Barb  Wire, 
Plain  Galvanized  Wire,  Baling  Wire 
and  Bale  Ties.  Continental  Disc  Har- 
rows. Buffalo  and  Lean  Spike  Harrows. 

The  celebrated  Columbus,  Ohio,  Bug- 
gies, Carriages,  Runabouts,  and  Traps. 

Farm  Wagons  and  Delivery  Wagons, 
a  complete  stock. 

Correspondence  solicited. 


7    '  (    '  (    'I   '   I      \ 

SPIKE  HARROW. 


676 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


The  following  list  of  papers  and  periodicals 
are  the  most  popular  ones  In  this  section. 
We  can  SAVE  YOU  MONEY  on  whatever 
Journal  you  wish. 


DAILIES. 

Price.    With 
Alone.  Planter. 

Times- Dispatch,  Richmond.  Va ^  00  $5  00 

The  Pool,  Washington,  D.  C 6  00    6  00 

The  Sun.   Baltimore,  Md 3  00    3  40 

News-Lpader,  Richmond,  Va. 3  00    3  00 

TRI-WBEKLY. 

The  World  (thrlce-a-week),  N.  Y....  1  00  1  25 

WEEKLIES. 

Harper's  Weekly   4  oo  4  q^ 

Harper's  Bazaar  160  140 

Montgomery  Advertiser  ' 1  00  160 

Nashville  American    59  75 

The  Baltimore  Sun  1  00  1  36 

Breeder's  Gazette  2  00  1  76 

Hoard's  Dairyman  1  qO  j  35 

Country  Gentleman   150  175 

ilellgious  Herald,  Richmond,  Va 2  00  8  26 

Times- Dispatch,  Richmond,  Va 1  00  1  2.5 

Christian   Advocate,       "           "     1  60  1  75 

Central  Presbyterian,     "           •■     2  00  2  2.5 

Horseman    3  00  300 

MONTHLIES. 

Wool  Markets  and  Sheep 50       75 

Dairy  and  Creamery   50       75 

Commercial  Poultry  60       75 

*^'  ""•« 1  50    1  16 

North  American  Review  600    500 

The  Century  Magazine 4  00    4  25 

St.  Nicholas  Magazine  3  00    3  26 

Lippincott's  Magazine  2  50    2  50 

Harper's  Magazine   4  00    4  00 

Forum  Magazine    3  00    3  25 

Scribner's  .Magazine  3  00    3  25 

Frank  Leslies  Magazine  1  00    1  35 

Cosmoi.olitan  Magazine   100    135 

Everybody's   Magazine  100    135 

MuDsey   .Magazine   100    135 

Strand  Magazine  1  25    1  65 

Mcriure's  .Magazine   1  00    1  35 

Argosy  Magazine  1  00    1  35 

Review  of  Reviews  2  60    2  75 

Successful  Farming  1  00       75 

Southern  Fruit  Grower 60       85 

Where  you  desire  to  subscribe  to  two  or 
more  of  the  publications  named,  you  can  ar- 
rive at  the  net  subscription  price  by  deduct- 
ing 50  cents  from  "our  price  with  the 
PLANTER."  If  you  desire  to  subscribe  to 
any  other  publications  not  listed  here,  write 
us  and  we  will  cheerfully  quote  clubbing  or 
net  subscription  rates. 

Subscribers  whose  time  does  not  expire 
until  later  can  take  advantage  of  our  club 
rates,  and  have  their  subscription  advanced 
•ne  year  from  date  of  expiration  of  their 
subs<rlptlon  to  eitlier  the  PLANTER  or  any 
•f  the  other  publications  mentioned. 

Don't  hesitate  to  write  us  for  any  Informa- 
tion desired:  we  will  cheerfully  answer  any 
correspondence. 

We  furnish  NO  SAMPLE  (.'OPIES  of  other 
»«rl«dlc«as 


Seed  House  of  the  South. 


JAPAN 
BUR 


CLOVER, 
eLOVER, 


BUCKWHEAT. 
OATS  and 
CANE  SEED. 


"Whatsoever  One  Soweth,  That  Shall  He  Reap." 

We  sell  strictly  reliable  FIELD  AND  GARDEN  SEEDS  of  every 
variety  at   Lowest   Market   rates,   included    in  which   are 

RAGLAND'S     PEDIGREE    TOBACCO    SEEDS. 

^      ^      ^      WE  ALSO   SELL 

Our   Own    Brands   of    Fertilizers 

For  Tobacco,  Corn,  Wheat,  Potatoes,  &c. 

Pure    Raw-Bone    Meal,    Nova    Scotia    and  Virginia    Plaster   and 
Fertilizing  Materials  generally. 

Parties  "nishing  to  purchase  will  iind  it  to  their  interest  to  price  our  goods. 
Samples  sent  by  mail  when  desired. 

1016    Main    Street, 
LYNCHBURG,  VA. 


Wm.  A.  Miller  &  Son,  ^ 


'Mr't'^l'^ir'^'^^'k''k'i-hir'i-'^'k'i--i-\l~  .i  .;- 


Headquarters  for 
Nursery  Stock. 


WHOLESALE 

AND 

RETAIL. 


We  make  a  specialty  of  handhng  dealers'  orders. 
ALL  STOCK   TRUE   TO    NAME. 


Apples,  Nectarines,  Pecans, 

Pears,  Cherry,  Chestnuts, 

Peach,  Quinces,  Walnuts, 

Plum,  Almonds,  Small  Fruits, 

Apricots, 
CALIFORNIA   PRIVET,  lor   Hedging. 


.    .    AGENTS  WANTED. 
FRANKLIN    DAVIS    NURSERY   CO., 


Ornamental  and 
Shade  Trees, 
Evergreens, 
Roses,  Etc. 

WRITE   FOR   CATALOGUE. 

Baltimore,   Md. 


'i''i"i''f"f"i''i°'i-j'4"i"t"<"i"t"i"f"t"t"t"t"i"t"t"'f"f"i"f"t"l" 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTEK. 


677 


Latest    Improved    FARM    IMPLEMENTS. 


Scientific  Steel  Corn  Harvester. 

The  best  Harvester  on  earth,   for  standing  corn 

Safety  seats.  Safety  shafts. 


ROSS.... 

Fodder  Cutters,  Fodder 
Shredders,  Cutterafor  all 
purposes,  Corn  Shellers, 
Grinding  Mills,  Horse 
Powers  and  Wood  Saws. 


Special  prices  given  on  Studebaker  and 
Brown   Wagons,   Buggies  and  Carts. 


Aspinwall  Planters,  Potato  Sorters 
and  Cutters. 


IRON. 


luuuino  Mill 


Superior  Oram   Drills. 

Plain  aad    Fertilizer   Hoe  and    Disc 

Drills— All  sizes. 


TIGER  Steel  and  Wood  Self-Dump  Rakes! 
GRANGER  Steel  and  Wood  Hand-Dump  Rakes, 
all  sizes. 

ELI  BALING  PR  SStS.  {38  Styles.) 
Buckeye  Force  Pumps.  Porce= 
lained  Wood  Pumps.  Wood  and 
Steel  Wind  Mills. 


iVIilwaukee  Corn  Husker  and  Fodder  Shredder, 

Has  Steel  Gears  and  Steel  Clutches  and  Rolls  Easily 
Adjusted  to  all  Conditions  of  Corn. 

With  Blower  or  Carrier.    Manufactured  in  5  sizes  :  Large  machines  for 
threshermen,  and  small  machines  for  farmers'  own  use. 


Read   list  of  only   a  few   of  the   many   using  the   MIL- 
WAUKEE Husker: 


M.  I..  Norvell,  Island. 
S.  D.  Ivey,  Petersburg. 
J.  A.  Maddox,  Triangle. 
W.  H.  Walton,  Rice  Depot. 
T.  S.  Wilson,  News  Ferry. 
Geo.  R.  Land,  Boydton. 

North  Carolina: 
C.  C.  Moore,  Charlotte, 
R.  F.  Broaddus,  New  Berne. 
Col.  B.  Cameron,  Stagville. 


vi\y  ^ 


Virginia: 
R.  L.  Bruce,  Medlock. 
J.  C.  Segar,  Lewiston. 
J.  A.  Graham,  Hanover. 
L.  E.  Williams,  Enfield. 
Julian  Ruffin,  Old  Church. 
Edmund  Ruffin,  Old  Church. 
A.  T.  Broaddus,  Old  Church. 
H.  S.  Saunders,  Shirley. 
Mrs.  Alice  Bransford,  Shirley 
C.  C.  Branch,  Toano. 

The  above  parties  will  cheerfully  give  you  testimonials  as 

to  the  merits  of  the  MILWAUKEE.     We  are  ready  at  all 

times  to  go  in  the  field  with  any  other  husker  made,  and 

will   .j;uarantee   the   MILWAUKEE    TO    BE    THE    BEST 

MADE;   and  will  also  guarantee  It  to  do  more  work  than 

any  other   made,    and   SHELL   LESS   CORN,   AND   COST 

LESS  FOR  R.I5PAIRS  and  last  longer.     Write  the  parties 

that  are  using  them;   also  write  for  special  circulars  and 

testimonials  we  have,  which  will  be  sent  with  pleasure. 


HENIN6  &  NUGKOLS, 


Successors  to 

CHAS.  E.  HUNTER, 


m-ii  \.  m  SL, 


678  THE  SOUTHERX  PLAXTER. [Octobar 

I    A  LIBERAL  OFFER. 


'U.l 


t 


<^ 


«?* 


3  Months  Trial  Subscription 


3  •  ^^^^^^s^^" 

$  ■      '  i 

t  TO  THE  J 

I  Southern  Planter  i 

I  FOR  10  CENTS  OR  3  FOR  25  CENTS. 


•^ 


This  [liberal  offer  should  be  accepted  by  thous= 
t  ands  who  are  not  now  readers. 

II  Send  in  at  once. 


The  SOUTHERN  PLANTER,  Richmond,  Va. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


679 


Not    all    for   the    dollar! 


ASHTON  STARKE 

THE    LARGEST    AND    FINEST     LINE    OF    HARROWS    TO    BE    HAD. 


Something    for    reputation. 

RICHMOND, 
VIRGINIA. 


BICnrORD  and  HUFFMAN  WHEAT  DRILLS 

Feed  Cutters  and  Ensilage  Cutters. 

FROM  THE  LARGEST  POWER  CUTTER  TO  THE  SMALLEST  HAND  CUTTER. 


RICHMOND    ENGINE   AND    PUMP   COMPANY 

More  of  our  Gasoline  Engines  made  and  sold  than  any  three 
of  the  largest  factories  in  the  country. 


THE  SIMPLEST, 
THE  STRONGEST, 
THE  BEST, 
THE  HOST 

POWERFUL. 
NO  OTHER  ENGINE 
COnPARES  WITH  IT. 


ENDORSED  BY  THE 
NATIONAL  BOARD 
OF  FIRE  INSURANCE 
UNDER-WRITERS 
AFTER  194  TESTS. 


PUMPS    FOR    HAND    AND    POWER.      HYDRAULIC    RAMS    TANKS    AND    TOWERS. 

The  Duplex  Grinding  Feed  Mills,  a  specialty. 


oso 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLAIS^TER. 


r  October 


A  HIGHLY  IMPROVED  FARM, 
110  or  225  acres  for  sale.  51  miles 
from  Manchester.  Fine  new  dwelling, 
new  barns,  etc.  Abundantly  watered. 
Young  orchard;  good  neighborhood; 
excellent  for  stock  raisins;  or  trucking. 
Address 
H.  E.  JOHNSON,  R.  F.  D..  Swansbore,  Va. 


WANTED — Experienced  middle-aged 
man  and  wife,  without  small  children, 
to  work  and  oversee  medium  sized 
farm  in  Virginia.  Must  be  sober,  eco- 
nomical and  industrious,  and  must  un- 
derstand care  of  stock  and  the  work- 
in.g  of  improved  farm  machinery.  Give 
reference  and  state  previous  duties 
and  wages.  Address  DR.  THOS.  A 
KAY,  345  Wyoming  avenue.  Scranton, 
Pa. 

Mention    the    Southern    Planter    in 
writing.  I 


j»    THE    > 

SEABOARD 

AIR  LINE  RAILWAY 

OFFERS  THE  MANUFACTURER, 

THE  STOCK  RAISER, 
THE  DAIRYMAN, 
THE  FRUIT  GROWER, 
.«*^  THE  TRUCKER. 


PROFITABLE 
INVESTMENTS 
TO^ 


WHERE    YOUR     LABOR     IS     NOT     IN    VAIN. 

Would  a  country  where  work  can  be  carried  on  the  entire  year  and  where 
large  profits  can  be  realised  interest  you? 

The  SEABOARD  Air  Line  Railway  traverses  six  Southern  States  and  a 
region  of  this  character.  One  two  cent  stamp  will  bring  handsome  illustrated 
literature  descriptive  of  the  section. 

J.  B.  WHITE,  EOW.  W.  COST,  CHARLES  B.  RYAN, 

Gen.  Industrial  Agt.,  Portsmouth,  Va.  Traffic  Mgr.       Gen.  Pass.  Agt.,  Portsmouth,  Va 


Established    by 
GEO.  WATT,  1840. 


IMPLEMENTS  &  MACHINERY ... 


MANFRED     CALL, 
Gen'l    Manager. 


DISC  DRILLS.  (Ath  Sizes.)  THE  SEW  MOLINE.  WOOD  AND  STEEL  ROLLERS. 

PI-OWS  AND  PLOW  REPAIRS  of  all  kinds.     We  make  plows  for  all  purposes  and  sell  them  on  their  merits. 

FEED  AND   ENSILAGE   CUTTERS.  CORN  SHELLERS.  ENGINES,  SAW  MILLS,  CORN  AND  COB  MILLS, 
ETC.,  ETC. 
We  solicit  inquires  for  anything  desire^!.     Write  for  circulars 

13  So.  Fifteenth    Street, 
Between  Main  and  Gary. 


RICHMOND,  VA.     THE  CALL=WATT  CO. 


The  Southern  Planter. 


DEVOTED  TO 


PRACTICAL  AND  PROGRESSIVE  AGRICULTURE,   HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING,  LIVE  STOCK  AND   THE    FIRESIDE. 


Agriculture  is  the  nursing'  mother  of  the  Artg.-^XENOPHON. 
Tillage  and  pasturage  are  the  two  breasts  of  the  State.^-SULLY. 


64th  Year. 


Richmond,  November,  1903. 


No.  11. 


Farm  Management. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH. 

The  month  of  October  has  been  up  to  this  writing 
(20th)  an  ideal  fall  month  and  has  done  much  to  re- 
pair the  effects  of  the  abnormal  season  through 
which  we  have  passed.  Thousands  probably  millions 
of  bushels  of  corn  have  been  added  to  the  crojis  of  the 
year  by  the  weather  of  October  and  whilst  much  of 
this  will  be  defective  from  being  either  only  par- 
tially matured,  or  from  the  effects  of  frost,  yet  it  will 
make  a  very  sensible  addition  to  the  feed  bins  of  the 
country.  Much  spring  wheat,  too,  has  ben  saved  in 
far  better  condition  than  appeared  at  one  time  to  be 
possible.  Cotton  has  been  enabled  to  make  a  decided 
improvement  in  condition,  yield  and  quality,  and  the 
crop  which  at  one  time  looked  like  being  an  abnor- 
mally small  one  for  the  acreage  will  probably  be 
eqiial  in  quantity  to  that  of  last  year.  Late  tobacco 
has  ripened  up  nicely  and  is  curing  well.  Second 
and  even  third  crops  of  hay  and  forage  crops  of  va- 
rious kinds  have  matured  and  been  saved  in  fine  con- 
dition and  pastures  have  kept  full  of  good  eating 
and  stock  will  go  into  winter  quarters  in  fine  condi- 
tion and  with  the  assurance  of  plenty  of  feed  for  the 
winter  months.  For  these  and  many  other  benefits 
conferred  by  the  glorious  month,  we  have  had  to  close 
the  crop  season,  farmers  and  all  the  people  should 
on  Thanksgiving  Day  not  fail  to  give  thanks  to  the 
"Giver  of  all  things." 


The  work  of  preparing  the  land  for  the  wheat 
crop  could  not  have  been  carried  on  under  bet- 
ter conditions  than  October  has  provided.  The 
land    has    been    in    fine    working    order    and    the 


weather  has  been  such  as  to  allow  of  the  very  best 
progress  being  made.  Whilst  it  has  been  too  warm 
to  sow  wheat  without  fear  of  injury  from  fly,  yet  the 
fine  preparation  of  the  land  which  has  been  possible 
will  ensure  such  quick  germination  of  tlie  seed  when 
sown  as  to  make  possible  an  ample  growth  before  the 
cold  becomes  severe  enough  to  check  it.  We  would 
urge  again  the  importance  of  perfect  preparation  of 
the  seed  bed  before  sowing.  I3etter  be  a  week  later 
in  sowing  even  at  this  time  of  the  year  than  sow  on 
badly  prepared  land.  The  late  Sir  J.  E.  Lawes  in 
his  more  than  .50  years  experiments  in  wheat  growing 
demonstrated  how  capable  is  the  wheat  plant  of  seek- 
ing and  finding  food  sufficient  for  its  growth  even  in 
land  which  presumably  is  lacking  in  fertility.  He 
grew  wheat  on  one  piece  of  land  every  year  contin- 
uously for  over  50  years  without  the  application  of 
any  manure  or  fertilizer  for  the  whole  time,  and  yet 
succeeded  in  getting  each  year  a  fair  crop,  12  bush- 
els to  the  acre,  in  the  last  year  of  the  .50.  He  attrib- 
uted his  success  entirely  to  the  fact  that  each  year 
he  made  a  perfect  preparation  of  the  land  before 
seeding,  plowing  deeply  and  working  and  reworking 
until  the  seed  bed  was  deep,  fine  and  properly  con- 
solidated below  the  top  three  inches.  This  point  is 
also  strongly  brought  out  in  the  work  done  in  carry- 
ing on  the  experiments  in  soil  fertility  by  the  De- 
partment of  Agriculture  discussed  in  the  Bulletin 
from  the  Bureau  of  Soils  upon  which  we  comment 
in  another  article  in  this  issTie.  The  Cecil  clay  soils 
in  Harford  county,  Md.,  under  good  cultivation  and 
management  give  yields  of  25  to  30  bushels  of  wheat 
to  the  acre,  whilst  the  same  Cecil  clav  soils  in  the 


682 


THE  SOTJTHERN  PLANTER. 


[November 


Stutesvillc  area  in  North  Carolina  which  have  practi- 
cally the  same  analytical  content  of  plant  food,  only 
produce  from  5  to  S  bushels  to  the  acre  under  the 
ordinary  system  of  management  common  in  North 
Carolina,  but  with  thorough  cultivation  and  man- 
agement bring  yields  almost  equal  to  the  same  soils 
in  ilaryland.  This  is  only  one  of  many  similar  in- 
stances to  be  found  in  the  Bulletin.  The  average 
wheat  crop  of  the  South  this  year,  only  some  S  bush- 
els to  the  acre  and  over  a  series  of  years  not  exceeding 
the  12  bushels  secured  by  Sir  J.  1>.  Lawes  after  grow- 
ing wheat  50  years  without  manure  or  fertilizer,  is 
one  of  which  the  South  has  no  cause  to  be  proud.  It 
could  easily  be  doubled  without  the  expenditure  of 
a  dollar  an  acre  move  for  fertilizer  by  a  proper  sys- 
tem of  rotation  and  perfect  preparation  of  the  soil 
l)ef()re  seeding.  There  is  no  profit  in  growing  12 
bushels  of  wheat  to  the  acre,  but  money  can  be  made 
in  raising  25.  Let  each  one  make  an  effort  to  reach 
this  quantity  by  curtailing  the  area  and  making  a 
perfect  preparation  of  this  smaller  area.  Harrow 
and  roll,  harrow  and  roll  until  there  are  no  clods  left 
but  only  a  compact,  fine  sub-surface  and  a  fine  sur- 
face '5  inches.  Sow  only  perfectly  clean  seed  and 
let  this  be  only  the  largest  and  plumpest  wheat  you 
can  obtain.  JjIow  out  all  small  and  shrivelled  grains. 
Put  in  the  seed  to  the  depth  of  li  or  2  inches  on 
heav}'  soil  and  rather  dce])er  on  light  sandy  soil.  Sow 
from  1  to  1  i  bushels  to  the  acre  according  to  the  fer- 
tility of  the  land,  the  lighter  seeding  on  the  richer 
land.  In  selectitig  the  variety  to  sow  choose  one  of 
the  early  maturing  ones,  like  Fultz  or  Fulcaster,  in 
order  as  far  as  possible  to  avoid  loss  from  damage 
by  rust,  which  rarely  attacks  the  crop  until  about 
the  first  or  second  week  in  June  by  M'hich  time  the 
earlier  varieties  will  have  matured.  We  would  like 
to  see  every  farmer  in  the  South  make  at  least  a 
small  wheat  crop.  We  ought  at  the  worst  to  make 
our  own  bread  at  home  and  there  is  no  reason  why 
we  should  not  do  more  than  this.  At  present  we  do 
not  feed  ourselves.  This  year's  crop  is  not  going  to 
be  larger  than  will  be  required  to  meet  our  own  and 
foreign  demands  and  there  need  not  therefore  be  any 
fear  of  a  large  surplus  carried  over  for  another  year. 


The  saving  and  storing  of  the  corn  and  forage 
crops  should  receive  constant  attention  whenever  the 
weather  permits  until  all  are  safely  stored  in  the 
barn  or  in  stacks  near  the  buildings.  It  is  lamentable 
to  see  the  carelessness  which  is  common  all  over  the 
South  in  this  matter.  Time,  money  and  labor  is  ex- 
pended in  growing  the  crop  and  then  too  often  a  great 
part  of  it  is  lost  by  neglect  in  cutting,  curing  and 


hauling  it  home.  Especially  is  this  the  case  with 
the  corn  crop.  WTien  once  it  is  cut  and  set  up  in 
shocks  all  further  thought  of  it  seems  to  be  aban- 
doned until  necessity  calls  for  the  produce  and  this  is 
often  not  until  winter  has  actually  set  in  and  then 
the  hands  will  be  seen  pulling  down  the  shocks  and 
shaking  the  snow  off  them  and  carrying  them  in,  one 
or  two  at  a  time,  just  as  need  calls  for  them.  At 
that  time  much  of  the  food  value  has  been  lost  and 
much  of  it  is  absolutely  wasted.  There  is  no  excuse 
for  such  an  unbusinesslike  way  of  handling  the  crop 
in  the  South.  Our  long,  usiially  fine  falls,  give  am- 
ple opportunity  for  the  housing  of  the  crop  befom 
winter  sets  in  and  this  should  be  done  as  soon  as 
ever  the  crop  is  ready  for  the  house.  The  cutters, 
shredders  and  buskers  make  it  possible  to  reduce  the 
stalks  into  such  a  form  that  the  fodder  from  a  large 
area  can  be  stored  in  small  compass  and  when  saved 
in  this  form  it  is  practically  as  good  as  Timothy  hay 
for  feed.  These  machines  are  now  being  operated 
in  many  sections  by  the  threshing  machine  men  who 
travel  from  farm  to  farm  and  wherever  a  machine  is 
not  owned  on  the  farm  these  should  be  secured  to  save 
the  crop.  Especially  should  their  usefulness  be  ap- 
preciated at  the  present  time  when  labor  is  scarce 
and  dear.  If  no  machine  is  to  be  had  then  at  least 
carry  the  fodder  home  as  the  corn  is  shucked  and 
either  put  it  under  cover  if  room  can  be  found  for  it, 
or  put  up  in  stacks  and  cover  with  straw  to  protect 
it.  It  is  too  valuable  to  waste  in  the  field.  Not  only 
is  this  wastefulness  seen  in  regard  to  the  corn  crop 
but  we  often  see  clover  and  other  forage  crops  left 
in  the  field  in  cocks  for  weeks  after  they  are  fully 
cured.  In  such  cases  a  large  portion  of  the  crop  is 
but  of  little  value  except  for  bedding.  Such  a  prac- 
tice is  a  strong  reflection  u]ion  the  business  capacity 
of  the  farmer  and  causes  unbounded  astonishment  to 
Northern  and  European  farmers  Avhere  every  care  is 
taken  to  save  all  that  the  labor  of  the  season  has  pro- 
duced. Farming  will  never  pay  conducted  under 
such  management.  No  business  man  in  commercial 
life  could  succeed  with  such  management.  Very 
often  the  sole  profit  made  in  commercial  undertak- 
ings is  that  made  from  the  saving  of  the  waste  pro- 
ducts of  the  principal  business.  It  is  said,  and  we 
believe  with  truth,  that  the  great  packing  houses  of 
the  West  could  make  no  profit  but  for  the  careful 
utilization  of  the  ofTal  and  waste  of  the  cattle  and 
hoes  slaughtered. 


All  r'^ot  crops  should  be  dug  or  pulled  during  this 
month  though  ruta  baga  turnips  need  not  and  should 
not  be  pulled  until  the  end  of  the  month.     A  light 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER. 


683 


factors  in  successful  crop  production  are  not  so  much 
the  application  of  fertilizers  of  any  kind  as  the  se- 
curing in  the  soil  of  a  high  moisture  content  and  of 
soil  microbic  life.  These  microbes  are  silent  workers 
in  the  interest  of  the  farm  and  without  their  presence 
no  high  condition  of  fertility  is  possible.  Every- 
thing possible  sbould  be  done  to  encourage  their  pres- 
ence and  a  finely  broken  condition  of  the  soil  is  one 
of  the  first  things  required.  This  is  the  proper  time 
to  set  about  securing  this  finely  broken  condition  be- 
fore the  soil  has  become  unfit  for  plowing  with  the 
winter  rains,  and  this  breaking  should  be  followed 
wherever  possible  by  the  addition  of  lime  to  the  soil 
to  correct  any  acidity  and  thus  secure  that  alkaline 
condition  of  the  soil  which  is  necessary  to  the  life  of 
the  microbes,  and  then,  by  the  spreading  of  even  a 
light  covering  of  farm  yard  manure  which  is  the 
principal  medium  through  which  the  microbes  are 
introduced  into  the  soil.  In  a  recent  examination  of 
the  soil  of  a  note<I  small  farm  in  Pennsylvania  where 
20  cows  are  kept  on  15  acres  of  land  and  where  the 
manure  from  this  stock  is  constantly  applied  to  the 
When  all  crops  are  safely  housed  keep  the  teams!  land  each  foot  of  the  soil  was  found  to  contain  sev 


frost  will  not  hurt  them  and  they  will  gain  more 
weight  during  this  month  than  during  any  other  like 
period  of  their  growth.  Beets  and  Mangold  wurt- 
zel  beets  should  not  be  left  to  be  frozen  as  they 
never  keep  well  after  frost  has  touched  them.  All 
root  crops  can  be  safely  cared  for  during  the  winter, 
either  in  a  dry  cellar  or  shed,  keeping  them  well  cov- 
ered with  straw,  or  they  may  be  put  in  heaps  or  kilns 
in  the  field  on  high  dry  ground  where  the  water  will 
drain  from  them.  These  heaps  should  be  covered 
first  with  straw  to  the  depth  of  6  inches  and  then 
with  soil  which  should  be  beaten  solid  to  throw  off 
the  rain.  See  that  the  roots  are  dry  and  clean  of  soil 
when  stored  and  that  the  leaves  or  tops  are  cut  off 
cleanly  but  without  cutting  into  the  roots  themselves. 
The  leaves  should  be  left  on  the  ground  to  be  turned 
under  to  add  humus  to  the  soil.  Young  cattle  and 
sheep  may  be  allowed  to  pick  them  over  before  turn- 
ing under  but  milch  cows  should  not  be  allowed  to 
eat  them  as  they  are  very  apt  to  taint  the  milk  and 
butter. 


at  work  breaking  the  land  intended  to  be  cropped 
next  year.  Up  to  the  end  of  this  month  land  so 
broken  may  be  and  should  be  seeded  in  rye  or  rye  and 
English  vetch.  This  will  make  a  cover  crop  to  pre- 
vent leaching  of  the  fertility  out  of  the  soil  during 
the  winter  and  spring  and  will  make  grazing  and 
humus  when  plowed  dovm,  or  an  early  forage  crop. 
Do  not  hesitate,  however,  to  plow  all  land  intended 
to  be  cropped  next  year  whether  it  can  be  seeded  or 
not  and  plow  it  deeply  thus  enabling  it  to  hold  and 
store  moisture  for  the  needs  of  the  coming  crop  and 
permit  of  the  oration  of  the  soil  and  the  reduction  of 
inert  plant  food  into  an  available  condition.  Recent 
investigation  has  shown  that  all  soils  contain  nearly 
the  same  amount  of  the  three  principal  elements  of 
plant  food  dissolvable  by  water,  and  that  one  of  the 
greatest  factors  in  plant  production  is  the  reduction 
of  the  soil  by  plowing  and  cultivation  into  such  a 
fine  condition  as  will  permit  of  the  action  of  the 
water  content  of  the  soil  upon  each  particle  of  the 
soil,  so  that  this  natural  plant  food  can  be  put  into 
solution  ready  for  the  needs  of  the  crop  which  only 
feeds  upon  liquid  food.  The  greater  the  amount  of 
this  plant  food  thus  dissolved  and  held  in  solution  the 
greater  will  be  the  yield  of  the  crop.  This  dissolv- 
ing of  the  natural  plant  food  of  the  soil  is  a  work 
requiring  time  and  hence  the  importance  of  breaking 
the  land  in  the  fall  and  winter  months.  We  are  con- 
vinced from  long  practical  experience  and  as  the  re- 
sult of  recent  scientific  investigation  that  the  main 


eral  million  more  of  these  microbes  than  the  soil  of 
an  adjoining  farm  where  little  manure  was  applied 
and  the  soil  was  badly  worked.  The  soil  of  the 
small  farm  was  producing  all  the  forage  crops  needed 
to  feed  this  large  herd  of  stock,  making  two  and  three 
crops  per  acre  each  year,  whilst  on  the  adjoining 
farm  it  was  difficult  to  make  even  one  paying  crop 
per  year.  Another  great  advantage  in  fall  and  win- 
ter plowing  is  that  it  relieves  the  spring  pressure  of 
work  and  can  be  done  with  so  much  less  injury  to  the 
team  than  in  the  spring.  It  also  causes  a  quicker 
warming  of  the  soil  in  spring  and  thus  permits  of 
earlier  planting.  Don't  let  the  horses  or  mules  stand 
in  the  stable  in  fine  weather  eating  their  heads  off, 
but  keep  them  at  work  in  the  fields.  Even  if  land 
plowed  now  should  require  plowing  again  in  the 
spring  this  will  not  hurt  it  but  will  only  add  to  its 
productivity.  We  in  the  South  plntv  too  many  acres 
but  nener  plovi  acres  too  frequently.  Plow  and  cul- 
tivate fewer  acres  but  plow  and  cultivate  them  much 
more  frequently,  and  thus  make  available  the  natural 
fertility  in  the  soil  and  save  money  now  spent  in  fer- 
tilizer which  at  best  only  give  temporary  fertility 
to  the  soil. 


Have  you  seen  to  it  that  all  your  barns,  stables, 
sheds  and  pens  have  been  put  into  a  good  state  of  re- 
pair, roofs  made  water  proof,  windows  reglazed,  and 
walls  cleaned  and  limewashed?  If  not  no  time 
should  be   lost  in    having    this  work  done.     Whilst 


684 


THE  SOUTnERN  PLANTER. 


[Xovember 


stock  will  do  very  -well  out  in  the  pastures  during  the 
day  for  some  time  yet.  the  nights  are  getting  too  cold 
for  them  to  be  oomfortable  and  if  not  comfortable 
they  cannot  make  a  profitable  use  of  the  feed  they 
are  eating.  To  bring  them  up  and  put  them  in  sta- 
bles through  which  the  wind  whistles  and  into  which 
the  rain  leaks  will  not  make  them  any  more  comfort- 
able or  profitalile.  If  you  have  not  already  a  good 
tight  concrete  floor  in  your  stables  and  cowsheds  have 
this  remedied  at  once,  ^'ou  are  losing  money  every 
di\j  your  cattle  stand  on  a  floor  that  does  not  prevent 
loss  of  the  urine.  A  barrel  of  cement  which  will  not 
cost  over  $2  or  $2.50  will  with  some  finely  broken 
rock  and  sand,  make  a  floor  which  will  save  this  loss. 
You  can  do  the  work  of  mixing  and  laying  yourself. 
The  projiortions  should  he  0  parts  rock,  2  parts  sand 
and  1  part  cement  for  the  body  of  the  floor.  Mix  the 
sand  and  cement  dry,  then  add  to  the  rock  and  make 
into  a  mortar  with  suflicient  water  and  lay  it  4  inches 
thick  and  beat  solid.  x\fter  this  is  laid  cover  the  sur- 
face half  an  inch  thick  with  another  layer  made  of  two 
parts  of  clean  sand  and  one  part  of  cement  mixed  with 
water  thin  enough  to  spread  evenh^  Keep  stock  ofi 
the  floor  for  a  week  or  ten  days  when  it  will  be  firmly 
set.  Use  plenty  of  straw  or  other  trash  to  absorb  the 
urine  held  by  this  floor  and  you  will  have  manure 
worth  putting  on  your  land.  A  good  manure  pit 
should  also  be  made  convenient  to  all  the  stables  and 
barns  so  that  when  it  is  not  fit  to  take  out  the  manure 
directly  from  the  stables  to  the  land  which  is  always 
the  best  and  most  economical  way  in  which  to  handle 
manure,  it  may  be  stored  without  serious  loss.  This 
pit  should  have  a  good  hard  clay  bottom  and  should 
slope  from  the  sides  towards  the  centre  so  that  the 
liquid  may  not  run  away.  If  covered  with  a  shed 
money  will  be  saved  by  protecting  the  manure  from 
the  weather.  Don't  make  the  pit  where  the  drain- 
age from  the  roofs  of  the  buildings  will  run  into  it. 
The  rain  which  naturally  falls  on  the  manure  will 
be  all  the  water  it  needs.  If  the  manure  from  ;!ie 
different  kinds  of  stock  be  all  mixed  in  this  pit  it 
will  not  overheat,  but  if  the  horse  manure  be  put  iii 
one  place  alone  it  will  do  so  and  much  of  its  valm. 
be  lost. 


See  that  the  barn  yard  has  a  good  fence  around  it 
so  that  when  stock  are  turned  out  to  drink  or  for  ex- 
ercise they  may  not  be  able  to  ramble  all  over  IJi- 
farm.  Stock  tramping  on  wet  land  do  much  injury 
to  the  crops.  Have  a  gate  or  gates  hung  in  the  fence 
with  proper  means  for  fastening  and  make  it  a  riile 
to  keep  them  closed  except  when  needed  for  passa^'c 
It  is  well  to  hang  the  gate  so  that  it  will  close  itself. 


Have  good  dry  pathways  made  from  the  house  to 
the  difl'erent  buildings.  These  should  be  elevated 
above  the  general  level  of  the  land  so  that  they  will 
keep  dry  at  all  times.  There  are  few  farms  where 
sufncient  small  rocks  and  gravel  cannot  be  found  to 
make  these  permanent  improvements  to  the  place  and 
when  once  they  have  been  made  the  comfort  deri\ed 
from  them  in  being  able  to  go  about  from  building 
to  building  in  wet  weather  without  wading  through 
mud  and  water  will  be  so  appreciated  that  they  will 
never  be  dispensed  ith.  Around  the  house  and  to  the 
wood  shed  it  will  be  well  to  make  the  walks  of  3  inch 
slats  nailed  on  two  2x4  inch  bearers  laid  2  feet  G 
inches  apart.  This  will  ensure  dry,  clean  walks  at 
all  times  and  prevent  much  dirt  being  carried  into 
the  house. 


See  that  there  is  a  good  supply  of  dry  seasoned 
wood  in  the  wood  house  and  at  the  wood  pile.  Do 
not  subject  the  women  of  the  house  to  the  annoyan  -e 
of  having  to  cook  meals  and  keep  the  house  warm 
with  wet  green  wood. 


PLANT  FOOD  AND  CROP  PRODUCTION- 

For  more  years  than  we  can  recall  agricultural 
writers,  scientific  authorities  and  practical  farmers 
have  been  engaged  in  discussion  of  the  problems  af- 
fecting cro])  prodtiction  and  the  discussion  still  pro- 
ceeds even  more  vigorously  than  ever  before.  A^'ith 
the  spread  of  scientific  education  and  the  realise tion 
that  if  fanning  is  to  be  made  profitable  it  must  be 
conducted  on  scientific  principles  thousands  who 
were  formerly  content  to  follow  in  the  footsteps  of 
their  fathers  find  it  absolutely  necessary  to  give  heed 
to  the  teachings  of  the  expert  scientists  as  to  how  and 
with  what  to  feed  their  crops  and  fertilize  their 
lands.  The  difficulty  they  experience  in  doing  thi.-i 
is  to  know  what  teaching  to  follow.  In  the  early 
days  when  farmers  first  began  to  realize  that  their 
lands  in  the  old  country  needed  help  they  were  ad- 
vised by  Jethro  Tull  that  "cultivation  was  the  fer- 
tilizer they  needed."  Many  accepted  the  advice  and 
profited  by  it.  Then  investigation  by  scientific  chem- 
ists having  demonstrated  that  the  food  plants  needed 
was  nitrogen,  phosporic  acid  and  potash  in  an  avail- 
able form  Peruvian  Guano  to  supply  the  nitrogen 
the  German  potash  salts  to  supply  the  potash  and 
super  phosphate  to  supply  the  phosphoric  acid  were 
put  within  the  roach  of  farmers  and  were  found  to 
give  good  results.  Experience  in  the  use  of  these 
fertilizers  has,  however,  demonstrated  the  truth  that 
to  secure  continued  good  results  their  use  must  when 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


685 


once  applied  be  continued  and  even  then  their  ac- 
tion is  verv  uncertain.  One  year  thev  give  excellent 
retnrns,  whilst  in  another  year  and  on  the  same  crop 
no  results  can  he  seen.  On  one  piece  of  land  they 
will  tell  immediately  whilst  upon  another  their  ac- 
tion will  be  inappreciable.  These  results  led  to  the 
conclusion  that  M'hat  was  needed  was  a  chemical 
analysis  of  the  soil  in  order  to  determine  what  were 
the  plant  food  constituents  lacking  therein  in  order 
that  these  might  be  supplied.  Experience,  however, 
\vith  this  laboratory  analysis  of  soils  has  not  given 
such  results  as  to  warrant  confidence  in  its  use.  Too 
often  the  chemist  by  means  of  his  powerful  acid  sol- 
vents has  found  the  soil  to  be  well  supplied  with  all 
the  plant  food  needed,  but  the  crop  failed  to  make 
these  available  when  only  the  natural  solvents  of  the 
atmosphere  were  available.  A  careful  consideration 
of  all  the  work  done  in  the  past  in  advising  and  aid- 
ing farmers  in  the  work  of  crop  production  and 
the  practical  application  of  these  has  led  to  the 
conclusion  that  other  factors  were  at  work  deter- 
mining the  crop  productive  capacity  of  land  than 
those  hitherto  deemed  conclusive  and  with  a  view 
to  endeavour  to  find  out  what  these  were  a  gi-eat 
series  of  experiments  has  been  conducted  by  the  Bu- 
reau of  Soils  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  under 
the  direction  of  Profs.  Whitney  and  Cameron.  The 
result  of  these  so  far  as  they  have  proceeded  has  been 
given  to  the  world  in  a  Bulletin  just  issued  by  the 
Department  of  of  Agriculture.  This  Bulletin  we  re- 
gard as  one  of  the  most  valuable  ever  published. 
After  giving  the  results  of  the  chemical  examination 
of  the  natural  moisture  content,  the  true  plant  feeding 
constituent  of  all  crops,  of  hundreds  of  samples  of 
soil  taken  from  typical  soils  in  various  parts  of  this 
country  and  abroad,  the  authors  of  the  Bulletin  say 
that  the  analyses  show  "that  there  arc  no  wide  varia- 
tions in  the  amounts  of  plant  food  material  goini' 
into  solution  where  these  various  soils,  so  different 
in  their  other  characteristics,  are  acted  on  by  a  defi- 
nite proportion  of  water  for  a  short  but  definitf 
length  of  time,  in  other  words  all  types  of  soils  fur 
nish  about  the  sam'e  amount  of  plant  food  wher 
treated  with  the  same  proportion  of  water  other  con 
ditions  as  time,  temperature.  Sec.  being  also  thr 
same.  The  conclusion  seems  ineritahle  that  all  on? 
principal  soil  types  in  fact  all  ciilfivahle  soils  contain 
nalurally  a  nutrient  solution  ivhich,  varies  luithin 
comparatively  narrow  limits  with  regard  either  to 
composition  or  concentration  and  which  is  usually 
sufficient  for  plant  growth.  Apparently,  therefore, 
all  these  .toils  are  amply  supplied  with  the  necessary 


mineral  plant  foods  and  these  plant  foods  are  not  in 
themselves  a  matter  of  such  paramount  importance 
to  the  agriculturist,  for  their  supply  as  regards  the 
plant  is  determined  by  the  supply  of  soil  moisture 
which  the  crop  can  ohfoin  from  the  .<ioil.  The  chem- 
ical analysis  of  a  soil  can  not  in  itself,  therefore, 
throw  much  light  upon  the  problem  of  fertility  but 
when  attempting  to  control  the  factors  governing 
crop  yield  attention  must  be  directed  to  the  mechatv- 
ical  condition  of  the  soil  as  affecting  the  siipply  of 
soil  moisture  with  its  dissolved  mineral  nutrients, 
to  the  effects  of  climate,  to  rotation.  S:c."  In  discuss- 
ing the  effect  of  climate  on  the  yield  of  the  crop — 
climate  in  this  connection  being  understood  as  to  its 
effect  on  the  soil  and  temperature — the  authors  of 
the  Bulletin  say  that  "the  efl'ect  of  climate  is  very 
marked,  that  cultivation  changes  the  climatic  condi- 
tions of  the  soil,  that  is  it  changes  the  relation  of  the 
soil  to  moisture  and  probably  also  to  temperature. 
It  also  changes  the  character  of  the  atmosphere  com- 
ing in  contact  with  the  root  system.  We  know  that 
stable  manure  and  lime  for  example  have  a  marked 
influence  upon  the  texture  of  the  soil  and  therefore 
indirectly  Tipon  the  climatic  conditions.  It  seems 
possible  that  other  fertilizer  materials  may  produce 
effects  of  a  similar  character.  If  fertilizers  have 
any  influence  upon  the  texture  of  the  soil  or  upon 
the  movement  of  soil  moisture  they  will  not  only  in- 
fluence the  supply  of  water  which  will  be  delivered 
to  the  plant  but  also  the  supply  of  nutrient  materials 
normally  contained  in  this  water.  The  important 
practical  inference,  if  this  is  so,  is  that  fertilizers 
have  to  a  certain  extent  the  same  effect  as  cultivation 
and  cropping,  bid  it  is  rmdouhtedly  better  to  depend 
upon  efficient  methods  of  cuHivation  and  cropping 
Ihan  to  rely  upon  fertilizers  while  at  the  same  time 
neglecting  to  give  proper  attention  to  the  physical 
condition  of  the  soil.  The  effect  due  to  cultivation 
is  also  more  permanent  than  the  effect  due  to  fertil- 
izers. Furthermore  the  influence  of  fertilizers  on 
the  yield  of  crops  is  not  proportional  to  the  amount 
of  fertilizer  added  as  it  frequently  happens  that  a 
small  application  is  quite  as  efficient  as  a  larger  ap- 
nlication.  Discussing  the  effects  of  commercial  fer- 
tilizers on  the  yield  of  crops  the  aiithors  remark  that 
where  the  annual  application  of  the  fertilizer  has 
been  discontinued  the  effect  is  at  once  apparent  in 
ihe  smaller  yield  of  crops.  In  other  words  on  a  soil' 
which  has  a  natural  capacity  for  13  or  15  bushels  of 
wheat  as  the  TJothampstead  soils  in  England  seem  to 
have  where  wheat  is  grown  continuously  and  fertil- 
izers have  not  been  used  for  ."50  years,  the  application 


686 


THE  SOTTTHEKN  PLANTER. 


[November 


of  certain  fertilizers  has  increased  the  yield  to  30 
bushels  to  tlie  acre,  but  to  maintain  that  yield  a  con- 
stant annual  application  of  fertilizer  has  to  be  given 
and  subsequent  applications  merely  maintain  but  do 
not  increase  the  yield.  It  is  recognized  that  in  our 
own  soils  when  under  intensive  cultivation  as  in  the 
truck  and  tobacco  areas  large  applications  of  manure 
and  fertilizers  arc  often  used  amounting  to  from  2  to 
5  carloads  of  manure  and  2,000  or  3,000  pounds  per 
acre  of  the  fertilizers  the  maximum  effect  of  these 
is  quickly  obtained  and  these  yields  can  only  be  main- 
tained by  continued  large  applications.  The  results 
obtained  in  the  experiment  by  the  T3ureau  of  Soils  go 
to  show  that  these  large  annual  applications  of  stable 
manure  or  of  high  grade  fertilizers  do  not  apparently 
change  permanently  the  chemical  composition  of  the 
soil  as  determined  by  chemical  analysis  of  the  water 
extracts,  that  is  to  say,  immediately  after  the  appli- 
cation the  influence  of  the  fertilizer  can  be  seen  ir 
the  soluble  salt  content  of  the  soil  but  not  only  is 
this  comparatively  slight,  but  fields  that  have  been 
annually  treated  in  this  way  for  a  number  of  years 
do  not  show  on  the  average  appreciably  more  water 
soluble  plant  food  than  adjoining  soils  upon  whicli 
no  such  applications  have  ever  been  made."  The  Bui 
letin  discusses  the  influence  of  the  texture  of  the  soil 
of  rotation,  and  variety  of  the  plant,  on  the  yield  of 
crops  and  also  the  action  and  use  of  commercial  fer- 
tilizers and  their  influence  on  the  fertility  of  the  soil. 
These  subject?  we  will  take  up  in  a  subsequent  article 
together  with  the  conclusions  to  be  drawn  from  the 
experiments.  The  point  we  will  now  emphasize  is 
that  the  position  we  have  taken  up  and  enforced  ir. 
our  writing  for  years,  that  the  physinnl  and  merlian- 
ical  condition  of  a  noil  is  of  more  influence  and  im- 
portance in  the  yield  of  the  crop  than  the  applica- 
tion of  any  fertilizer,  is  more  than  sustained  by  the 
evidence  accumulated  in  the  Bulletin. 


FARMING  IN  SOUTH-SIDE  VIRGINIA, 

For  years  the  greater  part  of  the  lands  of  the  Cen- 
tral plain  of  Virginia  south  of  the  James  river  have 
been  regarded  as  probably  the  poorest  in  the  State, 
and  as  a  consequence  have  been  largely  abandoned 
and  allowed  to  grow  up  in  broomsedge  and  pines, 
thus  giving  strong  countenance  to  the  prevailing 
opinion,  and  condemning  these  lands  in  the  eyes  of 
would-be  settlers  and  buyers.  That  this  opinion  is 
not  justified  by  the  facts  we  propose  to  prove  by  show- 
ing what  one  intelligent,  reading,  systematic  and 
practical  farmer  has  succeeded  in  doing  upon  a  farm 


in  the  centre  of  the  condemned  section  and  which 
farm  when  he  took  it  in  hand  some  ten  years  ago  was 
regarded  as  being  probably  one  of  the  very  poorest  in 
the  whole  "South-side,"  so  poor  indeed  that  it  was 
freely  said  he  would  lose  all  he  had  on  it  and  die  of 
starvation.  Intelligent  management,  persevering  in- 
dustry, and  the  introduction  of  live  stock  and  a  di- 
versified system  of  agriculture,  has  redeemed  the  land 
and  proved  that  naturally  the  soil  has  its  fair  pro- 
portion of  inherent  fertility  and  is  capable  of  giving 
ample  returns  on  capital  invested,  a  good  living  for 
the  owner  and  one  of  the  finest  homes  in  the  State. 
The  farm  in  question  is  "The  Grove  Stock  Farm," 
situate  in  Nottoway  county,  near  Burkeville,  on  the 
Norfolk  and  Western  and  Southern  Railroads,  owned 
and  occupied  by  Mr.  T.  0.  Sandy.  The  farm  is  a 
large  one  having  an  area  of  about  1,000  acres,  but 
the  owner  wisely  has  not  undertaken  to  bring  all  this 
area  into  a  highly  improved  condition  at  once.  He 
has  pursued  the  course  we  have  so  repeatedly  advised, 
made  a  few  acres  rich  each  year  and  kept  them  so, 
nnd  gradually  extended  this  area  as  the  means  per- 
mitted, until  now  he  has  over  100  acres  producing  as 
fine  crops  as  the  richest  river  bottom  lands  in  the 
State,  although  all  the  farm  is  upland.  The  residue 
of  the  farm  has  been  inclosed  with  a  wire  fence  and 
is  used  for  the  pasturage  of  live  stock  which  are 
crradually  working  down  the  rough  grasses  and  weeds 
and  bringing  in  a  good  wire  and  Virginia  blue  grass 
>od  capable  of  carrying  and  keeping  fat  a  heavy  head 
of  stock.  As  an  illustration  of  the  capacity  of  the 
improved  land  to  produce  crops  we  cite  what  has 
been  grown  on  some  of  the  fields  this  year.  On  one 
20  acre  field  there  has  just  been  cut  as  fine  a  crop  of 
corn  as  could  be  found  in  the.  State  and  which  is 
srood  for  from  50  to  7.^  bushels  to  the  acre.  On  an 
8  acre  field  adjoining  this  two  tons  of  Timothy  hay 
per  acre  has  been  cut  and  saved.  Near  by  in  a  field 
of  fi\  acres  has  been  grown  a  crop  of  corn  for  the  Silo 
which  has  been  the  wonder  of  the  neighborhood.  One 
man  describing  it  said  that  the  corn  was  as  tall  as  a 
house  and  as  thick  as  a  forest  Mr.  Julian  Ruffin,  a 
member  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  and  lat« 
President  of  that  Board,  who  called  to  see  the  farm 
of  which  he  had  heard  good  reports,  told  us  that  he 
had  never  se^n  better  corn  grow  on  the  Pamunkey 
flats  on  which  he  farms  and  farms  well.  This  field 
was  a  grass  sod  plowed  and  fitted  well  for  the  crop 
in  April  and  May.  One  ton  of  agricultural  lime  to 
the  acre  sown  broadcast  was  the  only  fertilizer  ap- 
plied. The  corn  was  planted  the  20tb  "Afay,  the  va- 
riety planted  being  Cockes  prolific.  It  was  planted 
in  rows  3  feet  10  inches  apart  and  the  seed  dropped 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


687 


8  inches  apart  in  the  row?.  The  crop  was  cultivated 
level  3  times.  A  gentleman  who  called  to  see  the  crop 
just  before  it  was  cnt  was  so  impressed  with  the  quan- 
tity of  corn  on  the  land  that  he  determined  to  ascer- 
tain closely  what  number  of  stalks  was  growing 
upon  an  acre.    By  actual  count  made  by  himself  and 


of  land,  sufficient  to  feed  a  herd  of  24  cows  for  8 
months.  What  a  vision  of  prospective  wealth  to 
Sonthside  farmers  this  opens  when  the  tliousands  of 
acres  in  that  section  of  the  State  now  growing  broom- 
sedge  and  pines  are  brought  into  subjection  and  prop- 
erlv  farmed  and  managed.    Near  to  this  field  another 


llt'T.sTKIX   II1-:KD  of  the  (iUOVE   FARM. 


!Mr.  Sandy  the  number  was  found  to  be  14,5G4. 
These  stalks  were  not  merely  stalks,  for  nearly  every 
one  carried  at  least  one  ear  and  many  3  and  4  ears, 
the  average  for  the  whole  crop  being  about  2  ears  of 
good  corTi  to  the  stalk.  The  product  when  cut  filled 
two  Silos  holding  fifl  ton  each  or  a  total  of  120  tons 
on  the  04  acres.  Silage  made  from  such  corn  as  this 
is  worth  much  more  per  acre  for  feeding  uiilch  cows 
than  an  equal  quantity  of  the  best  hay  as  il  contains 
both  long  feed  and  grain  feed  STifficient  to  inspire  a 
heavy  yield  of  milk.  At  a  fair  estimate  the  value  of 
such  silage  as  feed  cannot  be  taken  at  less  than  $8 
per  ton  or  $1,000  worth  of  feed  grown  on  6^  acres 


one  of  -'iO  acres  has  grown  a  heavy  crop  of  cow  peas 
now  made  into  hay  with  a  yield  of  at  least  1^  tons 
to  the  acre.  The  wheat  crop  on  the  farm  like  that  of 
much  of  the  South  this  year  was  a  failure,  but  the 
land  having  been  seeded  with  mixed  grasses  and 
clover  with  the  wheat,  this  crop  came  on  and  made  a 
fine  yield  of  hay.  In  addition  to  these  crops  Mr. 
Sandy  has  on  part  of  the  improved  part  of  the  farm 
as  fine  a  pasture  of  mixed  grasses  as  can  be  found 
even  in  Southwest  Virginia,  which  carried  all  sum- 
mer a  heavy  head  of  cattle,  sheep  and  horses.  The 
secret  of  success  with  all  this  land  has  been  live 
stock  and  cow  peas.    Mr.  Sandy  is  not  a  believer  in 


688 


THE  SOUTTTERlsT  PLANTER 


[November 


the  use  of  commercial  fertilizers  for  the  purpose  of 
permanent  improvement  of  land,  whilst  not  opposed 
to  the  use  of  some  form  of  Phosphate  for  starting  the 
growth  of  peas.  For  this  purpose  he  has  used  slag 
meal  and  got  good  results.  ITe  is,  however,  a  strong- 
believer  in  the  value  of  lime  as  an  improver  of  the 
mechtnical  and  physical  condition  of  his  lands.  His 
experience  in  the  use  of  lime  he  tells  us  has  more 
than  borne  out  all  we  have  said  in  The  Planter  on 
the  subject.  It  will  now  be  asked  by  many  Southside 
farmers  what  is  the  "money  crop"  of  the  farm.  The 
answer  is  cream  and  choicely  bred  Holstein  cattle, 
Dorset  sheep,  TTackney  horses  and  Berkshire  hogs. 
His  herd  of  Holstein  cows  are  heavy  milkers,  some 
of  them  giving  as  high  as  4  gallons  at  a  milking  and 
few  less  than  2^  gallons.  His  milk  is  separated  on 
the  farm  and  the  cream  shipped  daily  to  Kichmond. 
For  this  product  ^tr.  Sandy  has  a  constant  demand 
for  more  than  he  can  supply.  The  secret  of  his  sue 
cess  in  securing  and  maintaining  this  demand  is  that 
he  guarantees  the  percentage  of  butter  fat  in  his 
cream  and  sells  it  at  a  price  based  on  this  percentage. 
Thus  if  a  buyer  wants  rich  cream  he  gets  it  and  pays 
for  it,  whilst  the  one  whose  trade  only  calls  for  thin 
cream  also  gets  it  and  pays  proportionately  less.  The 
separated  milk  is  used  to  feed  calves  and  hogs,  being 
enriched  with  gi-ain  feed  as  required  by  the  animals 
being  fed.  For  his  Holstein  calves  and  Berkshire 
hogs  he  has  built  up  a  fine  trade  through  his  standing 
advertisement  in  The  Planter  and  rarely  has  any  sur- 
plus stock,  in  fact,  he  cannot  begin  to  supply  the  de- 
mand for  his  hogs.  To  accommodate  the  cattle  and 
other  stock  Mr.  Sandy  has  built  commodious  barns 
and  stables  and  wisely  does  not  crowd  them  into  the 
same  building  as  that  which  he  uses  for  storing  his 
feed.  In  this  way  he  runs  less  risk  from  loss  by  fire 
and  keeps  his  stock  in  better  health  and  condition. 
All  his  yoimg  cattle  and  other  stock  are  grazed  dur- 
ing the  summer  months  on  the  outlying  part  of  the 
farm  not  yet  brought  under  improvement.  The 
grass  on  this  has  improved  so  much  year  by  year  by 
the  grazing  of  the  ditferent  kinds  of  stock  and  the 
dropping  of  their  manure  that  it  now  keeps  them  in 
fine  condition.  They  are  to-day  as  fat  as  though 
they  had  been  feeding  on  the  blue  grass  sods  of  the 
Southwest — of  course  the  land-  will  not  yet  carry  so 
much  stock  per  acre  as  those  lands  but  when  not  over- 
stocked will  make  as  fine  grown  cattle  as  the  best  of 
those  lands.  The  carrying  capacity  is  growing  year 
by  year  and  when  brought  into  cultivation  we  doubt 
not  they  will  be  found  capable  of  producing  heavy 
crops.  Such  is  briefly  a  record  of  what  has  been  done 
on  a  poor  Southside  farm  in  a  few  years.    Why  will 


not  others  go  and  do  likewise  instead  of  growing  only 
a  few  acres  of  tobacco  and  corn  and  letting  the  trust 
magnates  and  the  grain  speculators  fix  the  price  to 
he.  paid  for  the  products.  Xo  coiintry  that  breeds 
and  feeds  stock  is  ever  a  poor  one.  The  experience 
of  every  section  of  the  world  proves  the  truth  of  this 


TOP  DRESSING  GRASS  LAND. 

At  the  Rhode  Island  Experiment  Station  three 
plots  of  land  were  .seeded  in  grass  in  1S9S  with  7^ 
pounds  each  of  common  red  clover,  redtop  and  15 
pounds  of  Timothy.  These  three  plots  were  treated 
exactly  alike  excepting  that  one  plot  had  received  no 
nitrogen  for  11  years  while  the  second  had  received 
a  small  dressing  and  the  third  plot  a  large  dressing 
of  nitrate  of  soda  annually  since  1802.  The  large 
application  of  nitrate  of  soda  yielded  much  the 
greater  profit.  In  1901  the  value  of  the  hay  from 
the  plot  receiving  the  heavy  dressing  exceeded  the 
cost  of  the  fertilizer  by  $40.70  per  acre  and  for  the 
o  years  of  the  experiment  by  $00.72.  In  all  instances 
the  use  of  a  complete  fertilizer  gave  the  best  results. 
The  plot  receiving  the  full  application  of  63  pounds 
of  nitrogen  per  acre  in  the  form  of  350  poimds  of 
nitrate  of  soda  to  the  acre  yielded  3^  tons  of  hay  per 
acre  in  1899,  4  tons  in  1900,  4^  tons  in  1901  and  4 
tons  in  1902.  The  value  of  the  hay  exceeded  the  cost 
of  the  fertilizers  by  $19.02  per  acre  the  first  year, 
$30.40  the  second  year,  $40.70  the  third  year  and 
$32.74  the  fourth  year.  The  total  excess  in  the  value 
of  the  hay  over  the  cost  of  fertilizers  for  the  4  years 
was  $123.46  per  acre,  or  an  average  of  $30.87  per 
acre  for  each  year.  The  fertilizer  used  in  top  dress- 
ing the  grass  consisted  of  807  poTinds  of  acid  phos- 
phate containing  1 6  per  cent,  of  phosphoric  acid,  200 
pounds  of  muriate  of  potash  and  400  pounds  of  ni- 
trate of  soda.  From  the  results  of  the  four  years  ex- 
periments it  is  concluded  that  an  application  of  400 
poimds  of  acid  phosphate,  200  to  2.50  pounds  of  mu- 
riate of  potash  and  350  pounds  of  nitrate  of  soda  per 
acre  would  probably  have  given  better  net  returns 
than  the  quantities  ap]ilied.  Top  dressing  run  out 
land  which  is  not  filled  with  the  proper  kinds  of  grass 
roots  is  considered  a  waste  of  fertilizer.  For  such 
grass  lands  plowing  and  reseeding  heavily  is  recom- 
mended. 


GRASS  SEED  MIXTURES. 

In  a  series  of  experiments  conducted  in  Canada 
for  several  years,  the  following  mixtures  of  grasses 
and  clovers  gave  the  best  results.     Tall  meadow  oat^ 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


689 


grass  and  Alfalfa  made  a  yield  of  3.2  tons  per  acre. 
Tall  meadow  oatgrass,  orch.ird  grass,  mammoth  red 
clover  and  Alfalfa  made  a  yield  of  3.1  tons  per  .acre 
and  Timothy  and  Alfalfa  made  a  yield  of  3.1  tons 
per  acre.  The  best  yields  in  1002  were  produced  by 
Timothy  with  mammoth  red  clover,  tall  fescue  with 
mammoth  red  clover,  tall  meadow  oatgrass  with  mam- 
moth red  clover  and  orchard  grass  with  mammoth 
red  clover.  Small  grain  crops  grown  after  clover 
gave  on  an  average  for  3  years  833  pounds  of  grain 
more  per  acre  than  the  same  crops  grown  after  grass. 


SEEDING  CLOVER  ALONE. 

Editor  Sotdhern   Planter: 

7^8  I  said  in  a  former  article  I  have  seeded  clover 
without  cover  crop  in  patches  for  many  years  past 
and  must  say  that  is  the  surest  way  to  get  a  stand. 
When  I  bought  this  farm  twenty-two  years  ago  (I 
am  not  a  farmer  to  the  "manor  born"),  it  needed 
much  attention  and  T  thought,  plenty  of  clover  sown 
on  it.  I  asked  my  foreman  what  he  could  do  with 
an  oat  stubble  field  with  so  much  to  do.  He  could 
do  nothing  but  harrow  it.  I  remarked  that  I  wanted 
to  sow  clover  on  it  after  he  got  it  in  order.  He  was 
a  good  practical  farmer  but  like  nearly  all  the  farm- 
ers then,  thought  that  clover  needed  a  cover  crop. 
He  strongly  advised  against  it  and  said  I  would  lose 
the  seed  and  labor.  Others,  very  intelligent  men,  to 
whom  I  spoke  of  it,  took  the  same  view.  I  had  only 
the  experience  of  a  to^vn  vegetable  garden  to  base 
my  opinion  on, — That  plants  that  got  plenty  of  sun, 
air  and  moisture  were  healthier  and  stronger  than 
shaded  ones. 

T  seeded  the  field  (22  acres).  It  cost  me  alx)ut 
seventy-five  dollars  for  labor  and  seed  and  hauling 
stones  off,  of  which  there  were  many,  and  mowing 
the  weeds  down  in  August. 

The  field  yielded  the  next  season  30  tons  of  hay 
and  40  bushels  of  clover  seed  at  $fi  per  bushel,  with 
marked  improvement  to  the  soil. 

This  place  has  improved  in  yield  per  acre  fifty  per 
cent.,  due  chiefly  to  clover  and  live  stock.  I  am  al- 
ways glad  to  read  your  advice  to  farmers  to  sow 
clover,  and  sow  it  alone. 

Rockhridfje  rovvly,  Va.  T.  M.  Wadk. 


ALFALFA  IN  SOUTHWEST  VIRGINIA. 

We  are  in  receipt  of  a  very  fine  specimen  of  alfalfa 
grown  by  Major  W.  W.  Bentley,  of  Pulaski  county, 
Va.  ^lajor  Bentley  says  that  the  seed  of  the  crop 
was  sown  on  the  4th  July,  1003.     Tt  was  sown  in 


growing  corn  and  made  a  good  catch  although  the 
land  was  not  inoculated  with  alfalfa  bacteria.  The 
plant  sent,  which  was  dug  up  in  the  middle  of  Sep- 
tember, 24  months  after  the  seed  was  sown,  was  a 
part  of  the  crop  which  grew  on  land  at  the  end 
of  the  corn  rows.  The  plant  is  a  fine  bushy  one 
and  measures  three  feet  in  length  from  the  tip 
of  the  root  to  the  top  of  the  stems.  This  shows  what 
a  wonderful  growth  the  crop  is  capable  of  making 
in  a  short  time.  There  are,  however,  no  nodules  on 
the  roots  thus  showing  the  land  not  to  be  inoculated 
as  yet  with  the  specific  bacteria  needed  to  ensure  a 
permanent  stand.  Major  Bentley  proposes  to  procure 
inoculated  soil  and  sow  over  the  field  and  we  doubt 
not  then  that  he  will  secure  a  permanent  stand. 
A^liilst  we  do  not  advise  the  practise  of  seeding 
alfalfa  in  a  standing  crop  of  corn  or  indeed  with  a 
crop  of  any  kind  as  it  undoubtedly  does  better  sown 
alone,  yet  this  example  shows  that  in  a  favourable 
season  for  growth  it  will  succeed  on  fertile  land 
when  seeded  with  another  crop.  As  Pulaski  is  one 
of  the  counties  of  Southwest  Virginia  with  a  high 
elevation  we  shall  be  axious  to  learn  how  the  crop 
stands  the  winter  there. 


HAIRY  VETCH. 

Editor  Southern   Planter: 

On  page  624  of  the  October  issue  I  notice  an  arti- 
cle headed  "  Hairy  Vetch."  I  will  give  you  my  ex- 
perience with  the  crop.  In  1 901  I  bought  2^  poimds 
of  vetch  seed  and  sowed  it  on  a  very  small  patch  of 
gi'ouud  and  got  1  peck  of  seed.  In  1902  I  put  that 
peck  of  seed  on  a  quarter  of  an  acre  of  land  and  got 
2  bushels  of  seed.  The  vetch  made  a  great  growth 
on  the  land  which  had  been  in  vetch  before  but  not 
so  good  on  the  other  part.  Now  while  it  was  some 
trouble  to  get  the  crop  harvested,  it  being  put  in  with 
no  other  grain,  yet  it  paid  me  for  all  the  tro\ible  I  had 
with  it.  I  could  have  sold  the  seed  for  $10,  besides 
getting  a  better  crop  of  corn  than  I  ever  got  off  the 
land  before,  and  I  have  a  good  stand  of  vetch  yet. 
Will  you  please  tell  me  how  to  get  rye  and  vetch 
seed  sej^arated  when  they  are  threshed  together? 

Iredell  county.  N.   C.  0.  E.   Shook. 

The  separation  of  the  two  grains  is  effected  by  the 
reg-ulation  of  the  blast  of  the  fanning  mill  and  by 
the  use  of  appropriate  screens  or  riddles  in  the  mill. 
The  one  seed  being  heavier  than  the  other  when  the 
blast  is  properly  adjusted  the  barley  will  fall  sep- 
arate from  tho  vetch  seed  almost  completely.  The 
perfect  separation  of  the  seed  is  then  completed  by 
the  screwns  or  riddles. — En. 


690 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[November 


ENQUIRER'S  COLUMN. 

Enquiries  should  be  sent  to  the  office  of  7%«  Sorifhem  Plan- 
ter, Kichmond,  V'a.,  not  later  than  the  15th  of  the  month  for 
replies  to  appear  in  the  next  month's  issue. 


Unsigned  Enquiries. 

We  have  enquiries  to  hand  frequently  from  par- 
ties who  do  not  sign  their  names.  Such  is  the  case 
this  month.  TVe  caimot  give  attention  to  such  com- 
iniinications.  For  our  own  information  and  as  proof 
of  the  bona  fides  of  the  writers  we  must  require  all 
enquiries  to  be  signed  by  the  writers.  If  they  do  not 
desire  their  names  to  appear  in  print  they  have  mere- 
ly to  say  .so  and  we  will  take  care  that  their  wish  is 
respected. — Ed. 


Yield  of  Seed  of  Common  Clover— Clover  Hullers— 
Ticks  on  Cattle. 

1.  What  would  be  the  approximate  yield  in  bush- 
els of  annual  clover  seed  per  ton  of  cured  hay  as  cut 
with  mower?  Would  one  ton  of  such  hay  be  an 
average  per  acre  ? 

2.  Can  clover  seed  be  .successfully  threshed  with 
a  grain  thresher  and  shaker  to  separate  the  straw 
from  chaff.  I  have  a  fanning  mill  with  clover  clean- 
ing attachments. 

?>.  Can  you  inform  me  from  whom  I  could  buy  a 
huller?  (My  idea  being  to  thresh  the  clover  with 
grain  thresher  as  above  stated,  purchase  a  huller  to 
hull  same,  then  run  through  fanning  mill.  I  have 
the  grain  thresher  and  fanning  mill  and  do  not  wish 
to  go  to  the  expense  of  buying  a  regular  clover 
thresher  and  huller,  as  I  am  only  experimenting  with 
clover  seed  raising.) 

4.  To  what  extent  would  hay  he  damaged  for  cow 
feed  if  allowed  to  stand  until  seed  were  matured  ? 

f>.  Tf  clover  be  fertilized  with  -1-00  pounds  acid 
phosphate  and  kainit,  ^  of  acid  to  1  of  kainit  in  Jan- 
uary or  February,  would  it  not  be  a  sufficient  appli- 
cation to  make  a  fair  crop  of  clover  and  also  be  a 
sufficient  fertilizing  for  a  crop  of  com  or  cotton  to 
follow  clover  ? 

fi.  Would  the  spring  rains  leach  it  from  the  land  ? 
Said  lands  are  thoroughly  ditched  highlands  which 
were  improved  this  year  with  above  application  of 
fertilizer  on  them  at  time  of  sowing? 

7.  Is  it  necessary  to  apply  nitrogen  to  either  red 
or  annual  clovers?  I  have  read  with  interest  your 
articles  on  tick  fevers.  T  have  .50  head  of  cows  and 
on  which  I  venture  to  say  there  are  not  a  dozen  ticks 
and  have  not  been  in  3  years.  I  never  allow  them 
to  run  in  regular  pasture  from  October  1.5th  to 
April  the  1st.  The  lots  on  which  they  run  in  win- 
ter have  no  stock  on  them  in  summer. 

Wnrren  county,  N.  C.  W.  A.  Connei.l. 


1.  The  yield  of  Crimson  clover  seed  runs  from  3 
to  10  bushels  to  the  acre.  An  average  crop  will  make 
more  than  a  ton  of  hay  per  acre  probably  half  as 
much  more.     We  have  known  over  2  tons  made. 

2.  We  have  heard  of  clover  seed  being  threshed 
with  a  grain  separator  but  we  think  there  would  be 
much  loss  of  seed. 

3.  Any  of  the  agricultural  implement  dealers  ad- 
vertising in  The  Planter  will  supply  you  with  a 
huller. 

4.  All  hay  that  is  allowed  to  mature  seed  is  greatly 
reduced  in  value  as  feed  for  any  kind  of  animals. 
In  the  process  of  producing  and  maturing  the  seed 
the  feed  value  of  the  crop  is  largely  transferred  from 
tlie  stems  and  leaves  into  the  seed  and  this  being  re- 
moved or  lost  by  shattering  carries  with  it  this  f(.«od. 
In  experiments  made  at  the  Illinois  Experimental 
Station  by  Professor  Hunt  and  others  it  was  found 
tlint  the  protein  fthe  muscle  and  flesh  forming  mat^ 
ter)  and  the  carbo  hydrates  (fat  forming  matter) 
both  decreased  as  the  clover  neared  maturity  or  the 
seed  forming  and  ripening  stage.  At  full  bloom  the 
crop  contained  400  pounds  of  Protein.  When  three- 
fourths  of  the  heads  were  dead  this  was  reduced  to 
370  pounds.  The  fat  was  107  pounds  at  full  bloom, 
1.50  pounds  when  three-fourths  of  the  head  were 
dead,  the  carbo  hydrates  were  1,052  pounds  at  full 
bloom  and  1,024  pounds  when  three-fourths  of  the 
heads  were  dead.  In  Pennsylvania  a  considerably 
greater  loss  than  this  was  shown  when  all  the  heads 
were  dead  ripe  nearly  one-fourth  of  the  feed  value 
having  gone.  After  threshing  much  ftirther  loss 
would  be  shown  as  a  large  part  of  the  leaves  would 
be  beaten  into  dust. 

5.  The  application  of  mineral  fertilizers  as  a 
top  dressing  on  grass  or  clover  usually  has  little 
effect  on  the  yield  of  the  crop  as  they  are  so  slowly 
soluble.  They  should  be  worked  into  the  land  pre- 
vious to  sowing  then  they  will  be  acted  on  by  the  soil 
moisture  and  the  microbes  in  the  soil  and  are  made 
available.  The  application  suggested  should  be  of 
value  if  applied  in  this  way  to  both  the  clover  and 
com  or  cotton. 

fi.  No.     7.  No.— Ep. 


Keeping  Sausage. 

I  shall  be  very  glad  if  some  of  the  renders  who 
have  had  experience  will  give  me,  through  the  col- 
umns of  The  Planter,  the  best  method  of  keeping 
sausage  fresh  for  sprinu  and  summer  use. 

Also  state  an  infallible  remedy  for  keeping  hams 
free  from  insects,  etc.  An  Exquirer. 

Pittsylvania  county,  Va. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


691 


Will  some  reader  please  answer  ?  The  rubbing  of 
the  hams  with  borax  and  black  pepper  will  keep  off 
insects.- — Ed. 


The  Use  of  Mineral  Fertilizers. 

I  bought  a  rundown  farm  two  years  ago,  but  it  has 
been  getting  better  each  year  by  cow  peas,  soja  beans, 
^c.  and  what  little  manure  I  have  been  able  to  make. 
My  hands  have  been  tied  for  want  of  capital  to  buy 
stock.  Although  I  am  60  years  of  age  I  have  got  the 
backbone  to  believe  that  if  'Mv.  "Bellwood  can  get  his 
farm  up  as  he  has  done,  I  can  also  by  work.  I  have 
kept  clean  over  10  acres  of  peanuts  and  over  1?>  acres 
of  corn  and  other  crops  without  one  cent  of  hire.  1 
work  two  horses  on  all  my  tools,  yet  I  want  more 
light.  Does  not  Mr.  Eellwood  use  mineral  fertil- 
izers ?  Yoii  say  on  page  620  that  he  does  not  use  any 
commercial  fertilizer.  On  page  62.3  you  say  that 
the  legumes  must  have  them.  Please  give  me  light 
on  that,  and  T  have  no  doubt  but  there  are  others  that 
your  answer  will  help.  Gt:o.  A.  Greenk. 

Nansonond  county,  Va. 

This  question  of  the  necessity  for  the  use  of  min- 
eral fertilizers  in  the  growing  of  the  leguminous 
crops  is  one  which  is  likely  to  require  much  recon- 
sideration in  the  light  of  the  information  now  given 
us  in  the  Bulletin  from  the  Department  of  Soils  no- 
ticed in  this  issue.  Tt  is  certain  that  these  crops  call 
for  the  plant  food  suplied  by  the  mineral  fertilizers 
and  up  to  this  time  it  has  been  thought  necessary  to 
supply  them  liberally  and  the  results  have  seemed  to 
justify  the  practise.  But  if  as  now  seems  to  be  the 
case  all  lands  have  a  more  than  sufficient  supply  of 
these  mineral  foods  for  the  growth  of  crops  for  years 
to  come  the  problem  would  seem  to  be  to  devise  the 
means  for  making  these  natural  supplies  available 
and  thus  avoid  the  necessity  for  purchasing  them. 
The  available  means  seem  to  be  deep  breaking  and 
fine  cultivation  of  the  soil  so  that  it  may  become  per- 
meable by  and  capable  of  holding  and  feeding  to  the 
crop  a  heavy  percentage  of  the  water  naturally  fall- 
ing on  the  laTid.  This  has  been  undoubtedly  the 
cause  of  Mr.  Bellwood's  success  in  growing  these 
leguminous  crops  successfully  without  the  applica 
tion  of  mineral  fertilizers.  The  process  is  a  slower 
one  than  that  of  supplying  the  need  by  buying  the 
goods,  but  we  believe  that  in  the  long  run  it  will  be 
the  most  successful  and  profitable  as  it  will  result  in 
more  permanent  improvement  of  the  soil.  For  years 
we  have  advocated  this  plan  strongly  from  our  prac- 
tical knowledge  of  its. success  in  England  where  we 
know  some  of  the  most  profitable  farms  never  to  have 
had  an  ounce  of  commercial  fertilizer  used  on  them 
since  they  were  brought  into  cultivation — hundreds 
of  years  ago — we  have  not,  however,  thought  it  wise 


to  ignore  the  value  of  commercial  fertilizers  as  ad- 
juncts to  good  farming  and  as  a  means  of  securing 
quicker  returns  from  badly  managed  land.  Many 
a  poor  man  might  die  from  starvation  whilst  waiting 
for  the  returns  from  his  land  if  he  neglected  the 
means  of  securing  the  quicker  retiirns  which  these 
fertilizers  offer  him.  We  believe  that  the  true  course 
to  follow,  when  the  work  of  restoring  fertility  to  a 
worn  out  farm  is  undertaken,  is  to  use  every  means 
of  improvement,  plow  deeply,  cultivate  fine,  start  a 
good  system  of  rotation  of  crops  which  will  give  a 
frequent  recurrence  of  recuperating  crops  (legumes) 
and  help  the  good  work  by  a  judicious  application 
of  mineral  plant  food  especially  phosphoric  acid  on 
the  leguminous  crops  and  then  as  the  land  becomes 
more  productive,  to  limit  the  use  of  these  fertilizers 
to  the  gro'ni;h  of  those  crops  which  have  a  high  ini- 
tial sale  value  and  can  be  easily  transported  and  be 
readily  and  quickly  sold.  These  crops,  like  Irish  and 
sweet  potatoes  and  other  truck  and  garden  crops  and 
also  tobacco,  in  the  sections  to  which  it  is  adapted, 
can  bear  this  extra  cost,  whilst  bulky  crops  like  corn 
and  the  other  cereals,  and  hay  which  have  a  lower  in- 
itial value  and  are  more  costly  of  transportation  and 
in  which,  therefore,  tlie  item  of  freight  is  a  large 
factor  in  the  price,  cannot  afl^ord  to  have  so  heavy  a 
charge  as  that  of  bought  fertilizers  added  to  the  cost 
of  their  production.  These  shoiild  be  converted  at 
home  into  a  more  condensed  form  and  of  a  higher 
initial  value  and  in  the  process  of  this  conversion  the 
manure  made  by  the  stock  used  in  the  conversion  will 
make  possible  the  production  of  other  crops  at  a  cost 
which  they  can  bear  and  make  permanent  the  im- 
provement of  the  fertility  of  the  land. — Er«. 


Money  Crop  in  Fairfax  County,  Va. 

What  is  the  money  crop  in  Fairfax  county,  Va.  ? 

Union  conniy,  N.  J.  Jacob  E^ammerer. 

Truck  and  dairy  products  for  the  Washington 
markets  and  fat  cattle  and  grain.  There  are  also 
canneries  in  the  county  which  put  up  surplus  truck 
produce. — El-. 


Texas  Fever  Ticks--Hollow  Tail. 

Referring  to  articles  on  ticks  in  late  issues  of  The 
Planter  T  beg  to  submit  that  ticks  propagate  them- 
selves on  rabbits  and  dogs.  The  chances  of  those 
ticks  which  live  on  dog  meat  reproducing  themselves 
effectively  is  pretty  slender,  with  rabbit  ticks  it  is 
otherwise.  One  season  a  piece  of  land  which  had  not 
been  in  pasture  for  upwards  of  twenty  years  but  was 
a  favorite  location  for  rabbits  was  fenced  and  when 
cattle  were  turned    in  proved    to  be  infested  with 


692 


THE  SOUTIIEKX  PLANTER. 


[November 


ticks.  In  view  of  the  above  the  only  simple  and  sure 
way  of  getting  rid  of  ticks  is  to  get  the  cattle  up  once 
a  week  and  pick  off  the  ticks  by  hand  till  there  are 
nt'  more. 

The  diseased  tails  referred  to  by  your  correspond- 
ent at  Shelby  county,  Ky..  were  very  probablv  tuber- 
culous and  cutting  off  above  the  affected  place  is  the 
only  practical  remedy.  Locis  D:eLaCeoix. 

Granrille  county,  N.  C. 

We  have  no  record  of  Texas  fever  ticks  ever  hav- 
ing been  found  on  either  dogs  or  rabbits.  They  have 
been  found  on  deer  and  possibly  the  pasture  referred 
to  may  have  been  infected  from  this  source.  As  it 
was  apparently  an  unfonced  pasture  may  not  some 
cattle  have  straypil  into  it  and  thus  infested  it?  We 
think  tick?  on  rabbits  would  have  as  little  chance  of 
[iropagating  themselves  as  those  on  dogs. — Ed. 

Fertilizer  for  Irish  Potatoes,  Tobacco,  Cotton,  As- 
paragus and  Corn. 

Would  you  kindly  inform  me  through  your  val- 
uable columns : 

First — Whether  the  following  mixture  would 
make  a  good  formula  for  an  Irish  potato  fertilizer, 
and  (b)  if  so  what  quantity  of  it  should  be  applied 
per  acre: 

650  pounds  cotton  seed  meal. 
300  pounds  nitrate  of  soda. 
800  pounds  dissolved  bone. 
250  pounds  sulphate  potash. 
Second — (a)     Whether    the    following    mixture 
would  mal^e  a  good  fertilizer  formula  for  tobacco, 
cotton,  asparagus  and  corn,  and    '^b)   if  so  the  re- 
spective quantities  of  it  that  should  be  used  per  acre 
on  the  crops  above  mentioned : 

fi50  pounds  cotton  seed  meal. 
1200  pounds  disscolved  bone. 
l.'jO  pounds  sulphate  potash. 
Charleston  county,  S.  C.        "ISTew  SrBscitiBKR. 

1.  Yes,  the  ingTedients  mentioned  in  the  propor- 
tions named  will  make  a  suitable  fertilizer  for  Irish 
potatoes.  Apply  from  .")00  to  1,000  pounds  to  the 
acre. 

2.  For  asparagus  reduce  the  bone  to  1,000  pounds 
and  increa=e  the  potash  to  300  pounds.  -Xpply  500 
pounds  to  the  acre.  For  cotton.  Experiments  made 
in  South  Carolina  indicate  that  the  maximum  quan- 
tity of  fertili.ror  that  can  be  in  general  used  with  ad- 
vantage are  such  as  will  furnish  50  pounds  phos- 
phoric acid,  15  pounds  of  potash  and  20  pounds  of 
nitrogen  to  the  acre.  400  pounds  of  1-1-  per  cent,  acid 
phosphate  or  dissolved  bone,  150  pounds  of  kainit 
and  300  pounds  of  cotton  seed  meal  per  acre  will 
meet  this  requirement. 

F-^r  Tobflcco.     The  fertilirer  needed  is  one  rich 


in  nitrogen  and  potash  fin  the  form  of  a  sulphate), 
and  low  in  phosphoric  acid.  The  following  ingredients 
and  proportion  have  given  excellent  results :  1 60 
pounds  of  dried  blood,  or  80  pounds  of  nitrate  of 
soda  and  80  pounds  of  dried  blood  to  supply  the  ni- 
trogen, 120  pounds  of  sulphate  of  potash  and  114 
pounds  of  acid  phosphate. 

For  Corn.  The  dominant  factor  in  the  fertilizer 
should  be  phosphoric  acid.  Potash  is  of  service  fre- 
quently in  sandy  soils,  but  not  usually  needed  much 
in  clay  soils,  whilst  nitrogen  is  only  called  for  in 
soils  deficient  in  vegetable  matter.  Wherever  this 
is  almndant  the  cro])  will  get  all  it  ntrds.  It  is  be- 
coming increasingly  certain  that  corn  has  the  power 
in  some  way  to  assimilate  nitrogen  from  the  atmos- 
phere like  the  legiimes.  ifix  1,200  pounds  of  14  per 
cent,  acid  phosphate.  600  pounds  of  cotton  seed  meal 
and  200  pounds  of  muriate  of  potash  and  apply  500 
pounds  to  the  acre. — Ed. 


Grape  Vines  Diseased. 

I  have  some  three  year  old  grape  vines  which  last 
year  matured  a  full  crop  of  nice  grapes  the  latter 
part  of  September.  This  year  the  leaves  turned 
bro^vn  and  commenced  to  fall  off  by  the  first  Septem- 
ber, the  grapes  shrivelling  and  falling  and  many 
stems  dying  so  that  the  whole  bunch  would  fall  off. 
The  few  grapes  yet  on  the  vines  are  from  full  green 
to  ripe.  Some  of  the  present  season's  growth  of 
wood  is  dying.  Soil  is  rich,  s;'.ndy  loam  with  well 
drained  red  clay  sub-soil.  Loc.iion  elevated,  with 
sun  all  day  and  only  moderately  moist.  Please  say 
in  your  next  issue  what  is  cause  of  trouble  and  what 
remedy  and  when  to  apply  same.  SrB.scEiBKR. 

Appomato.r  county.  Va. 

Xo  doubt  your  gra]>es  have  been  attacked  by  Black 
Rot.  Refer  to  the  Spray  Calendar  in  the  ^farch 
issue  tliis  vear  for  the  remedy. — Ed. 


Ice  Supply. 

Can  you  give  me  any  information  on  making  and 
storing  ice  ?  T  have  an  ice  house,  but  no  pond  or  run 
ning  water.  3Iy  idea  is  to  hold  the  well  water  and 
let  the  air  freeze  it.  I  have  a  wind  mill.  If  any  of 
your  files  have  the  above  information  shall  be  glad 
to  have  the  information.  Hkxry  Twyford. 

Henderson  county,  N.  C. 

You  \vill  find  it  a  very  todioiis  and  uncertain 
means  of  getting  a  summer's  supply  of  ice  to  have  to 
rely  on  pumping  water  into  a  vessel  or  tank  and  then 
when  it  happens  to  freeze  removing  the  ice  to  the 
house.  Better  make  a  shallow  pond  with  a  large  sur- 
face and  pump  this  full  now  and  keep  it  full  until 
all  the  ice  needed  is  secured  from  its  surface. — Ep. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTTIERN  PLANTER 


693 


Trucking,  Garden  and  Orchard. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH. 

Cabbages  may  be  planted  out  at  the  end  of  the 
month  for  the  early  spring  crojj  in  the  trucking  sec- 
tions of  this  and  adjoining  states.  The  work  of  pre- 
paring and  enriching  the  land  should  have  attention 
up  to  that  time.  The  better  the  preparation  the 
greater  will  be  the  chances  for  a  successful  crop. 
Cabbages  are  great  feeders,  so  do  not  pinch  them  of 
food. 

Lettuce  may  be  set  out  in  cold  frames  for  winter 
and  early  spring  cutting.  The  soil  for  filling  the 
beds  should  have  been  got  ready  during  the  siimmer 
and  shoiild  now  be  in  a  sweet  friable  condition,  well 
supplied  with  vegetable  matter,  and  should  now  be 
enriched  with  some  cotton  seed  meal  acid  phosphate 
and  muriate  of  potash.  The  old  soil  in  the  frames 
should  all  be  removed  as  it  is  very  apt  to  cause  the 
spread  of  fungus  diseases  and  damping  off.  Keep 
the  frames  open  as  long  as  the  weather  is  mild. 


Orchard  and  small  fruit  planting  and  pruning 
should  have  attention.  In  this  issue  will  be  found 
an  article  on  setting  out  an  orchard. 


Celery  should  be  earthed  up  to  blanch  it.  In 
doing  this  work  see  that  the  earth  is  kept  out  of  the 
plants  and  only  closely  banked  around  them. 


Cover  asparagus  beds  with  a  heavy  coat  of  farm 
yard  manure,  first  removing  all  old  stalks  and  trash. 


All  land  not    needed  for    other  crops    should  be 
seeded  in  rye  to  conserve  soil  fertility. 


PLANTING  AN  ORCHARD. 

In  your  valuable  paper  I  note  that  you  strongly 
advise  your  readers  in  this  section  of  Virginia  to 
apply  themselves  to  "Fruit  Growing."  I  intend  to 
set  out  an  orchard  of  winesaps,  peaches  and  pears 
this  autumn.  Please  instriict  me,  in  your  next 
issue,  as  to  the  setting  and  caring  for  a  yoimg  or- 
chard. Also  kindly  give  me  some  "hints"  as  to  im 
proving  the  fruit  of  an  old  orchard,  and  oblige. 

A  'St.w  Farmeb. 

Piffsylvania  coiiniy,  Ya. 

The  first  consideration  in  setting  out  an  orchard 
should  be  the  situation.     Let  this  be  on  high  well 


drained  land  preferably  with  an  exposure  to  the  east 
or  Northeast.     This  will    secixre  good  air  drainage 
and  has  a  tendency  in  restraining  too  early  blooming 
and  consequent  loss  of  the  crop  by  late  frosts.     The 
next  consideration  should  be  the  preparation  of  the 
land.     This  should  be  deeply  plowed  and  if  possible 
subsoiled  all  over  the  site  of  the  intended  orchard, 
but  certainly  in  each  line  of  intended  trees.     If  sub- 
soiling  be  not  practicable  from  want  of  a  subsoil  plow 
or  sufficient  team,  then    the    subsoil  in  each  place 
where  a  tree  is  to  be  planted  should  be  deeply  and 
finely  broken  with    the  mattock    or  grubbing  hoe. 
Trees  will  never  make  the  growth  they  ought  to  do 
when  set  out  on  hard  unbroken  subsoil  or  hard  pan. 
Let  this  work  of  breaking  and  preparing  the  soil  be 
done  as  early  as  possible  that  the  soil  may  have  the 
benefit  of  the  winter  frosts  and  thorough  a-ration. 
Having  thus  prepared  the  land  the  location  of  the 
sites  of  the  trees  should  be  fixed.     To  secure  perfect 
alignment  of  the  trees  which  is  essential  in  order  that 
cultivation  of  the   orchard   during  growth   may   be 
practicable   and   convenient    the    following  method 
should  be  adopted.     First  decide  on  the  distance  the 
trees  are  to  be  set  apart.     For  apples  and  pears  this 
should  be  from  30  to  40  feet  each  way.    For  peaches 
from  20  to  30  feet  is  sufiicient.     Then  take  as  a 
starting  point  the  position  of  the  first  tree  and  sight 
a  straight  line  from  this  point  to  the  opposite  end 
of  the  orchard  parallel    with    the    side  of  the  lot. 
Place  in  this  line  (at  prominent  points  if  the  land 
is  rolling  or  hilly)   0  foot  poles  which  may  be  sev- 
eral hundred  feet  apart  so  that  three  may  be  seen 
in  line  at  once.     With  the  two  end  poles  place  others 
in  line  in  the  opposite  direction   at  such   distances 
from  each  other  as  the  trees  are  to  be  planted.     Set 
intermediate  poles  in  line  on  these  new  rows.  Pro- 
vide pegs  a  foot  long  in  sufiicient  numbers  to  place 
one  at  the  position  of  each  tree.     Provide  also  a  coil 
of  light  trellis  wire  or  stout  cord  of  from  125  to  135 
feet  long  according  to  distance  the  trees  are  to  be  set 
apart.     Faster  a  piece  of  white  rag  on  this  wire  or 
cord  at  each  distance  the  trees  are  to  be  set  apart. 
Place  a  stout  pole  at  each  end  of  this  wire  or  cord  to 
be  used  as  sighting  poles.     This  is  to  be  carried  by 
a  man  and  boy.     Place  the  sighting  pole  at  the  posi- 
tion of  the  first  tree  then  direct  the  boy  to  walk  in 
the  line  of  the  poles  set  up  for  the  first  row.     Stretch 
the  wire  or  cord  tight  and  let  another  boy  with  an 
armful  of  pegs  place  one  in  the  ground  at  each  rag 


694 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[November 


mark  on  the  wire  or  cord.  Proceed  in  the  same  way 
with  each  row  of  trees  carefully  sighting  the  origi- 
nally set  posts  to  see  that  perfect  alignment  is  pre- 
served not  only  in  one  direction  but  in  all  directions. 
The  trees  should  line  both  horizontally  and  obliquely. 
The  next  work  is  digging  the  holes.  Provide  each 
digger  with  a  5  foot  board  6  inches  wide  with  a 
notch  in  the  centre  and  holes  at  each  end.  Place 
the  plank  in  line  with  the  rows,  the  centre  notch  over 
the  peg  indicating  the  site  of  the  tree  and  pin  the 
plank  down  with  a  peg  in  the  end  and  leave  the 
board  in  position  imtil  the  tree  is  planted.  Turn 
the  board  on  the  peg  out  of  the  way  until  the  hole  is 
dug.  The  hole  should  be  4  feet  across  and  at  least 
15  inches  deep.  Throw  the  top  soil  on  one  side  and 
the  subsoil  on  the  other  side  of  the  hole.  Some 
orehardists  advise  the  using  of  compost  or  well  rotted 
manure  in  planting,  but  if  the  surface  soil  is  at  all 
fertile  we  prefer  not  to  mix  anything  with  it,  but  if 
very  poor  mix  some  woods  mould  or  rich  soil  and 
a  little  manure  with  this  surface  soil  at  each  hole 
and  you  are  then  ready  to  plant  the  tree.  Let  the 
trees  selected  for  planting  be  young,  stocky  and  well 
root«d,  never  mind  the  height  if  you  have  a  good 
stem  and  a  good  root.  They  will  make  height  soon 
enough.  In  setting  the  trees  the  guide  board  is  again 
turned  round  on  the  peg  across  the  hole  and  the 
notch  in  the  centre  will  then  indicate  the  place  to 
plant  the  tree.  Eaise  a  small  mound  of  the  surface 
soil  right  under  the  notch,  set  the  tree  on  the  top  of 
this  letting  the  stem  come  in  the  notch.  Press  the 
tree  down  gently  until  the  surface  of  the  soil  is  two 
inches  above  the  crown  of  the  roots.  The  planter 
should  then  hold  the  tree  firm  and  as  the  surface 
soil  is  being  thrown  in  work  it  in  among  the  roots 
and  pack  it  around  them.  Tramp  the  soil  firm  and 
fill  level  with  the  subsoil  on  top,  leaving  the  soil 
slightly  raised  around  the  tree.  Then  mulch  the 
ground  2  or  3  feet  around  the  tree  with  coarse  litter 
or  leaves  to  prevent  evaporation  and  drying  out. 
After  the  young  tree  is  set  cut  off  entirely  all  side 
branches  and  cut  back  the  stem  from  one-third  txi 
one-half  the  last  year's  growth.  Let  the  top  grow  the 
following  year  retaining  three  or  four  branches  at 
from  4^  to  5  feet  above  the  ground.  The  land  be- 
tween the  trees  may  grow  a  crop  of  corn  or  other 
cultivated  crop  the  first  year.  This  will  ensure  cul- 
tivation of  the  land,  but  do  not  disturb  the  mulch 
around  the  trees  the  first  year,  and  be  careful  in  cul- 
tivating later  that  the  tree  is  not  injured  by  the  sin- 
gle-tree or  traces.  Better  leave  2  or  3  feet  next  each 
tree  uncultivated  by  the  plow  or  cultivator  and 
work  with  a  hoe  than  damage  the  bark  of  a  young 


tree.  In  the  fall  after  planting,  when  the  corn  or 
other  crop  is  removed,  plow  and  seed  in  crimson 
clover  to  be  turned  down  in  spring,  and  follow  with 
a  crop  of  cow  peas.  These  crops  may  with  advan- 
tage be  fertilized  with  acid  phosphate  and  muriate 
of  potash  200  or  300  pound  to  the  acre.  In  making 
the  selection  of  varieties  to  be  planted  the  distinction 
between  a  commercial  orchard  and  one  for  domestic 
use  should  be  clearly  borne  in  mind.  In  a  commer- 
cial orchard  where  the  object  is  profit  on  the  sale  of 
the  fruit,  plant  only  one  or  at  most,  two  varieties,  se- 
lecting those  specially  adapted  to  the  location.  What 
the  wholesale  fruit  buyer  calls  for  is  a  large  crop  of 
a  single  variety.  In  an  orchard  where  the  fruit  is 
to  be  used  at  home  there  should  be  planted  a  few  of 
several  varieties,  a  few  summer,  a  few  fall,  and  a 
few  winter  ones  so  that  there  may  be  fruit  for  all 
seasons.  We  should  advise  caution  in  planting 
pears.  The  blight  is  such  a  constant  visitor  in  the 
South  that  there  is  but  little  satisfaction  in  attempt- 
ing to  grow  this  fruit.  The  Seckel  and  Keiffer  are 
about  the  only  varieties  which  can  be  relied  on  to 
stand.  Of  the  better  varieties  Bartlett  is  perhaps 
the  most  resistant  but  it  blights  badly.  In  planting 
peaches  take  the  advice  of  a  good  nurseryman  hav- 
ing local  knowledge.  The  Elberta  is  perhaps  the 
best  and  most  profitable  market  peach.  We  will  say 
something  as  to  renewing  an  old  orchard  in  our  next 


ORCHARD  AND  GARDEN  NOTES. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

The  horticultural  exhibits  at  the  Southwest  Vir- 
ginia Pair  at  Radford  were  good  in  some  respects. 
Variety  of  exhibits  were  lacking  owing  to  the  late- 
ness of  the  season.  Considerable  enthusiasm  was 
aroused  among  farmers  and  horticulturists  in  re- 
gard to  the  best  specimens  grown.  The  collection 
of  apples  was  quite  good.  Those  who  saw  the  apple 
exhibits  were  convinced  that  this  part  of  the  State, 
while  not  considered  in  the  "apple  section,"  could 
grow  fine  specimens  of  Winesap,  Baldwin,  Falla- 
water,  Virginia  beauty,  Ox  pippins,  and  Roxberry 
msset.  The  specimens  that  grew  on  the  higher,  red 
lands  were  much  more  beautifully  colored,  as  might 
be  expected,  than  those  that  grew  on  the  lower,  val- 
ley lands.  I  believe  that  there  is  some  as  fine  red 
apple  land  in  this  part  of  the  State  as  one  will  usu- 
ally find,  but  we  are  just  learning  where  it  is.  This 
subject  shotild  receive  most  careful  consideration  by 
all  those  who  are  thinking  of  setting  orchards.  High- 
ly colored  apples  grow  best  on  the  red  clay  soils,  and 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


695 


we  usually  find  such  soils  on  rather  high,  rolling 
land.  As  I  drove  along  to  the  fair  at  Radford  I  no- 
ticed an  orchard  of  one-half  winesap  trees  so  loaded 
with  red  apples  that  the  trees  were  breaking  badly. 
Near  by  were  thousands  of  acres  of  just  as  good  wine- 
sap  land.  While  this  part  of  the  State  is  noted  far 
and  wide  for  blue  grass  and  fat  stock,  still,  I  see  evi- 
dences of  a  good  reputation  being  made  for  "red 
apples."  This  season  we  are  simply  overloaded  with 
apples,  but  next  season  the  crop  will  be  short,  since 
we  have  let  our  trees  overbear.  We  have  not  learned 
how  to  take  care  of  our  trees  nor  how  to  market  the 
crop  when  grown.  In  fact  most  of  the  orchards 
here  have  not  been  planted  for  commercial  purposes. 
Hence  there  is  usually  a  small  per  cent,  of  each 
variety,  and  some  orchards  have  as  many  as  twenty- 
five  varieties  in  them.  The  experimental  stage  with 
varieties  is  largely  passed  and  it  is  time  now  that 
we  plant  orchards  for  definite  purposes  in  this  part 
of  the  State  also.  We  need  more  winter  fruit  and 
less  summer  fruit. 

Another  fact  brought  out  most  forcibly  by  the 
exliibits  at  the  Fair  was  the  superiority  of  sprayed 
fruit  over  that  unsprayed.  Sprayed  fruit  took  the 
first  premium  for  best  collection  of  apples.  The 
specimens  were  larger,  cleaner  and  of  a  more  beau 
tiful  color.  The  usual  number  of  persons  were  heard 
to  say  that  they  had  just  as  fine  specimens  at  home 
but  did  not  bring  them  for  some  reason. 

While  this  was  the  first  time  the  Association 
ofi^ercd  premiums  for  horticultural  and  agricultural 
exhibits,  still  a  good  beginning  has  been  made  and  we 
look  for  much  larger  exhibits  in  these  lines  next 
year.  There  is  talk  also  of  making  the  Fair  an 
inter-state  fair,  which,  if  done,  would  bring  together 
immense  collections  from  the  farm,  orchard  and 
garden. 

There  is  but  little  that  can  be  done  in  the  orchard 
and  garden  this  month  except  to  continue  to  gather 
and  store  away  the  crops  for  winter.  Of  course  all 
weeds  that  are  maturing  seed  for  next  year's  crop 
to  give  us  the  backache  in  destroying  should  be  gath- 
ered up  at  once. 

Specimens  of  apples  affected  with  bitter  rot  will 
usually  be  found  hanging  on  the  trees  late  in  the 
fall.  Gather  these  and  destroy  them  as  time  will 
permit. 

Out  off  all  blighted  limbs  on  apple  and  pear  trees 
eighteen  inches  below  the  affected  area  and  burn 
them.  This  is  one  of  the  best  things  to  do  for  blight 
and  it  should  be  done  with  the  greatest  care  in  the 
fall  and  winter  while  the  sap  is  dormant.  Any  dis- 
eased tissue  that  may  be  left    over    till  spring  will 


serve  as  a  source  of  infection  from  which  blight  i3 
apt  to  spread  as  soon  as  growth  commences  again  in 
the  spring.  R.  H.  Peice. 

Montgomery  county,  Va. 


VIRGINIA    STATE    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY. 

The  programme  for  the  eighth  annual  meeting  of 
this  Society  to  be  held  at  the  Court  House  in  Pu- 
laski City,  Va.,  on  the  2nd  and  3rd  December  next 
has  just  been  issued.  The  meeting  promises  to  be 
a  most  interesting  one  as  the  different  sessions  will 
be  addressed  by  some  of  the  most  noted  fruit  growers 
and  horticulturista  on  topics  of  the  greatest  interest 
and  importance  to  fruit  growers  and  truck  farmers. 
Amongst  those  scheduled  to  address  the  meetings  are 
the  Hon.  S.  B.  Woods,  President ;  G.  H.  Powell,  of 
the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture  on  "Handling 
Fruit  for  Cold  storage."  L.  H.  Derby,  of  Woodside, 
Del.,  on  "Apple  Culture  in  Delaware,"  Prof.  Price, 
of  Long's  Shop,  Va.,  on  "Small  Canning  Factories 
in  Virginia,"  Prof.  Van  Deman,  Prof.  Alwood, 
S.  H.  Lupton  and  Geo.  E.  Murrell  on  other  topics 
of  interest.  The  Governor  of  Virginia  is  also  on  the 
programme  for  an  address  on  "How  best  to  advertise 
the  Resources  of  Virginia  with  special  reference  to 
the  State  Exhibit  at  St.  Louis."  There  will  be  an 
exhibit  of  fruits  and  vegetables  for  the  premiums 
mentioned  in  our  last  issue.  The  following  are  the 
classes  for  exhibition.  Each  exhibitor  must  be  a 
member  of  the  Society  and  the  exhibit  must  be  the 
groAvth  of  the  exhibitor. 

1.  Best  plate  of  Albemarle  Pippins — Diploma 
and  prize. 

2.  2nd  best  plate  of  Albemarle  Pippins— Di- 
ploma. 

3.  Best  plate — "Grimes'  Golden"- — Diploma  and 
prize. 

4.  2nd  best  plate — "Grimes'  Golden" — Diploma. 
.5.  Best    plate — Arkansas      (Black     Twig) — ^Di- 
ploma and  prize. 

C.  2nd  best  plate — Arkansas  (Black  Twig)- — Di- 
ploma prize. 

7.  Best  plate — York  Imperial — ^Diploma  and 
prize. 

8.  2nd  best  plate — York  Imperial — Diploma. 

9.  Best  plate — "Winesaps" — Diploma  and  prize. 

10.  2nd  best  plate — "Winesaps" — Diploma. 

11.  ^lost  attractively  packed  box  package  of  ap- 
ples— Diploma. 

(This  exhibit  must  illustrate  grading  as  practiced 
by  exhibitor.) 

12.  The  best  exhibit  of  winter  apples  harvested 
from  sprayed  trees  (number    of  varieties    not  less 


696 


THE  SOUTHERISr  PLANTER 


[November 


than  3  or  more  than  10.)     Diploma  and  "Empire 
King"  Spray  Pump. 

13.  2nd  best  exhibit  of  winter  apples  (same  con- 
ditions as  above) — Diploma. 

14.  The  best  winter  seeding  apple — 50  apple 
trees  (offered  bv  ]\[r.  J.  A.  Young,  Greensboro, 
N.  C.) 

15.  The  most  promising  new  variety  of  apples — 
Diploma. 

10.  (Sweepstake)  for  the  best  plate  of  any  of  the 
above  varieties — Diploma. 

17.  Best  collection  of  any  varieties — Diploma. 

18.  Best  exhibit  of  vegetables — Diploma. 

19.  Best  exhibit  of  ornamentals — Bucket  spray 
pump  offered  by  Sydnor  Company,  Richmond,  Va. 

20.  Best  collection  of  vegetables — Prize,  collec- 
tion of  garden  seeds  to  value  $2.50  (offered  by 
Messrs.  T.  W.  Wood  k  Son,  Richmond,  Va.) 

The  prizes  will  be  selected  from  the  prize  list  when 
completed  for  the  different  classes,  except  those  of- 
fered for  particular  displays  (which  are  noted 
above. ) 

Prizes  will  be  offered  for  2nd  best  collections  if 
there  are  sufficient  for  that  purpose. 

Further  information  as  to  the  rules  governing 
these  exhibits  and  the  time  and  place  of  entry  may 
be  obtained  on  application  to  the  Secretary,  Walter 
Whateley,  Orozet,  Va. 

By  special  arrangements,  railroads  have  agreed  to 
rates  as  follows: 

C.  &  0.,  R.  F.  i:  P.,  Washington  and  Southern 
mil  give  a  special  rate  of  one  and  a  third  fares  for 
round  trip  by  card  order,  apply  to  Secretary  or  local 
Vice-President  for  card  orders. 

N.  &  W.,  A.  C.  L.,  S.  A.  L.,  and  Southern  Rail- 
way four  cents  per  mile  one  way  distance  for  round 
trip  on  application  to  local  agents.  All  tickets  re- 
stricted to  continuous  journey  in  each  direction  and 
will  be  sold  November  30th  and  December  1st  and 
2nd,  final  limit  7th,  1003. 

Maple  Shade  Inn  offers  special  rat«  to  members 
at  $1.00  per  day  (American  plan.) 

Hotel  Pulaski  will  accommodate  members  at  $1.00 
per  day  (American  plan.) 


FORCING  RHUBARB  IN  THE  DARK. 

During  the  winter  of  1S98  and  1899  the  Depart- 
ment of  Horticulture  at  the  University  of  Ohio  first 
attempted  tbe  forcing  of  rhubarb  in  the  dark  and  in 
so  far  as  we  know  this  was  the  first  attempt  in  this 
country  to  force  this  crop  in  any  other  than  the 
usual  way,  which  had  been  common  for  a  long  time. 
A  quotation  from  "'The  Forcing  Book,"  by  Pro- 
fessor L.  H.  Bailey,  will  sufficiently  describe  the 
old  method.  "Thoroughly  established  clumps  are 
dug  in  the  fall,  and  these  are  packed  in  beds  under- 


neath the-  greenhouse  benches,  sifting  the  soil  in 
tightly  between  the  clumps,  and  then  covering  with 
from  two  to  six  inches  of  soil.  The  temperature 
should  range  as  for  lettuce  and  roses,  or  for  very 
quick  results  it  may  be  much  higher.  »  *  * 
About  four  or  five  weeks  after  planting  under  the 
benches,  is  the  iisual  time  required  for  the  first  pro- 
fitable cutting.  Paragon  and  Linnaeus  varieties 
may  be  used  for  earliest  results,  but  the  best  crops 
are  to  be  obtained  from  some  of  the  larger  kinds, 
like  Victoria  and  Mammoth." 

From  the  first  the  attempt  to  grow  this  crop  in 
total  darkness  met  with  success,  and  now  the  dark 
growTi  product  can  be  found  on  the  Columbus,  Ohio, 
market  from  the  first  of  January  until  the  outside 
crop  makes  its  appearance.  In  the  first  quarterly 
of  the  Journal  of  the  Columbus  Horticultural  So- 
ciety for  1899  the  results  of  this  first  experiment 
and  the  methods  employed  were  described  by  J.  F. 
Cunningham,  then  Assistant  in  Horticulture  and 
Forestry,  at  the  University.  For  the  last  five  years 
the  Horticultural  Department  has  been  profitably 
engaged  in  this  new  industry,  carried  on  in  the  man- 
ner described  in  the  above  paper,  with  some  few 
modifications  worthy  of  note  which  have  already 
been  mentioned  in  notes  from  time  to  time  since  the 
first  publication. 

Until  last  year  cro\vns  from  three  to  five  years  old 
were  used  for  forcing  purposes.  In  fact,  it  was 
thought  that  even  the  three-year  old  crowns  were  too 
young  to  be  forced  profitably.  Last  winter,  how- 
ever, we  were  led  to  try  seedling  roots,  through 
rather  unexpected  and  perhaps  unusual  conditions. 
Seed  of  the  Linnaeus  type  was  sown  April  7,  1902, 
in  a  rather  sandy  soil  in  drills  twenty-four  inches 
apai't.  The  seed  came  up  readily  and  the  summer 
was  very  favorable  for  its  growth.  The  young  plants 
were  cultivated  once  a  \veek  until  the  leaves  pre- 
vented the  passage  of  the  cultivator  between  the 
rows.  The  plants  were  not  thinned,  the  idea  being 
simply  to  grow  plants  to  transplant  the  following 
spring  and  allowed  two  more  years"  growth  before 
forcing.  The  plants  were  very  thick  and  would  un- 
doubtedly have  made  a  better  growth  had  they  been 
thinned  early  in  the  spring.  As  it  was,  however, 
the  young  plants  made  a  wonderful  growth.  Visi- 
tors refused  to  believe  that  these  leaves,  many  of 
them  a  foot  across,  with  stalks  fifteen  to  twenty 
inches  long  and  an  inch  thick,  were  produced  from 
seed  sown  the  previous  April. 

Having  more  of  these  plants  than  we  cared  to 
transplant,  and  being  unable  to  secure  old  cro^vns  to 
fill  our  cellars,  we  determined  to  use  every  other  row 
of  these  seedlings  for  forcing.  Accordingly,  the 
roots  were  plowed  out  early  in  the  winter  after  they 
had  been  thoroughly  frozen  and  thawed  again  (the 
work  should  be  done  before  the  ground  freezes  at 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


697 


all),  and  the  cellar  filled.  A  number  sufficient  to 
fill  the  cellar  the  second  time  was  spread  in  a  thin 
layer  on  the  grovind  and  covered  with  a  thin  covering 
of  earth  to  prevent  drying.  Two  crops  were  thiis 
secured  from  the  cellars  during  the  winter. 

The  roots  were  packed  as  closely  together  as  pos- 
sible in  the  cellars,  care  being  taken  to  have  all  the 
crowns  up,  leaving  walks  aboiit  a  foot  wide  every 
four  feet.  Soil  was  carefully  sifted  between  the 
roots  which  were  finally  covered  about  two  or  three 
inches  deep.  The  kind  of  soil  used  is  not  of  so  much 
importance,  as  the  stalks  get  their  nourishment 
from  the  food  stored  in  the  fleshy  roots.  Any  good 
garden  loam  will  do.  The  whole  was  then  thorough- 
ly soaked  with  the  hose  and  the  room  made  perfectly 
dark.  In  a  very  few  days  the  stalks  began  to  push 
through  the  soil  and  in  four  weeks  we  pulled  the  fin- 
est rhubarb  we  have  ever  seen. 

From  these  small  roots  we  ol)tained  two  pullings 
of  splendid  stalks,  two  more  of  only  fair  stalks,  and 
two  or  three  more  smaller  pullings  of  rather  small 
and  spindly  stalks.  The  first  pulling  is  always  the 
best.  The  crop  lasted  about  four  weeks,  making 
eight  weeks  in  all  that  the  roots  occupied  the  cellar. 

The  exhausted  roots  were  now  forked  out  of  the 
soil  and  a  new  supply  brought  in,  using  the  same  soil 
to  cover  the  second  crop  as  was  used  for  the  first. 
The  second  crop  was  simply  a  repetition  of  the  first 
excepting  that  the  temperature  ran  a  little  too  high 
during  the  latter  part  of  the  period  and  we  got  more 
spindling  stalks.  The  temperature  should  never  go 
above  60°  F.,  unless  quick  results  are  wanted  at  the 
expense  of  quality  and  quantity. 

We  give  the  following  average  measurements  and 
weights  of  twelve  stalks,  which  may  be  of  interest : 

Average  length  of  stalk,  17.33  inches. 

Average  length  of  leaf  blade,  4.45  inches. 

.\verage  total  length  of  leaf,  21.70  inches. 

Average  width  of  leaf  blade,  3.02  inches. 

Average  weight,  4.64  oz. 

The  crop  sold  for  from  GO  cents  to  75  cents  per 
dozen  bunches,  there  being  from  four  to  six  stalks  in 
a  bunch.  From  three  hundred  and  seventy  square 
feet  of  cellar  space  we  sold  $35.55  worth  of  rhubarb. 
This  yield,  we  believe,  can  be  materially  increased, 
yet  when  it  is  remembered  that  this  return  was  ob- 
tained from  space  that  would  otherwise  have  been 
idle,  and  from  plants  le.ss  than  one  year  old,  which 
had  not  been  growni  witli  the  intention  of  forcing  at 
this  age,  the  possibilities  of  the  industry  becomes 
apparent 

The  stalks  receive  practically  all  their  nourish- 
ment from  the  food  stored  wp  in  the  fleshv  roots  dur- 
ing the  previous  period  of  growth,  and  naturally  the 
larger  the  roots,  provided  they  are  healthy  and  vig- 
orous, the  larger  will  be  the  total  crop  received  when 
forced  either  in  the  light  or  in  the  dark.     The  roots 


forced  in  the  dark  will  be  more  productive  than 
those  grown  in  the  light,  because  all  the  strength  of 
the  root  is  directed  into  the  stem,  rather  than  par- 
tially into  foliage.  If  by  extra  care  in  preparation 
of  the  soil,  selection  of  seed,  thinning  and  cultivating 
we  are  able  to  obtain  roots  large  enough  to  secure 
profitable  returns  within  the  year,  we  have  made  an 
important  step  in  supplying  the  market  with  this 
well  known  garden  escTilent  throughout  the  winter 
months  and  at  a  profit  to  the  grower. 

The  fact  that  under  the  old  system  the  roots  must 
occupy  the  ground  from  three  to  five  years  has  pre- 
vented many  gardeners  from  forcing  this  plant  ex- 
cept in  a  small  way.  A  very  large  immediate  yield 
lost  its  munificence  when  the  rent  on  the  ground  oc- 
ciipied  for  these  years  was  considered. 

By  planting  the  seed  on  heavily  man^ired  loam  soil 
and  thinning  the  plants  to  a  distance  of  one  foot  in 
the  rows,  with  proper  cultivation  and  mulching  if 
need  be,  we  believe  roots  can  be  grown  in  a  single 
season  which  will  give  twice  tlie  yield  received  from 
our  experiment.  If  it  can  be  done  with  certainty 
from  year  to  year  the  question  of  obtaining  c^o^vns 
for  forcing  purposes  will  be  solved.  It  is  worthy  a 
trial  at  lea.st.  and  we  hope  to  experiment  further  in 
this  direction.  V.  H.  D.wis. 

■JournaJ  of  Colnmhiis  TloriicvUnral  Society. 

In  England  the  practise  of  forcing  rhubarb  in  the 
dark  for  the  winter  markets  has  been  carried  on 
successfully  for  more  than  30  years  to  our  knowledge 
and  all  the  large  markets  of  the  country  are  con- 
stantly supplied  with  beautifully  grown  stalks  run- 
ning from  2  to  3  feet  in  length  and  of  a  bright  pink 
color  from  December  to  the  close  of  winter.  This 
rhubarb  is  in  large  demand  there  and  makes  deli- 
cious pies  and  dishes  of  stewed  fruit.  There  is  no 
reason  whatever  why  we  should  not  have  the  same 
demand  here  and  thus  a  market  be  made  for  a  pro- 
duct easily  produced  and  of  a  most  wholesome  char- 
acter. Here  in  the  South  the  roots  should  be  dug 
from  the  open  ground  and  be  placed  in  the  cellar  in 
ISTovember  and  December  as  soon  as  growth  has 
ceased  and  the  leaves  have  died  do-\vn. — Ed. 


Gathering  Apples. 

Can  you  tell  me  what  is  the  best  time  to  gather 
apples?  They  are  ripe  and  falling  fast.  Do  you 
gather  them  before  or  after  frost  ?  I  have  had  mine 
gathered  and  spread  out  on  a  floor.  They  usually 
rot  very  fast.  Subscriber. 

Amhcrsl  covnt^/,  To. 

Apples  should  always  be  gathered  from  the  trees 
a  little  under  ripe,  rather  than  fully  ripe.  WHieu 
the  seeds  are  turning  brown  and  the  stems  will  part 
readily  from  the  twigs  when  the  fruit  is  pulled 
lightly  the  crop  is  readv  for  gathering. — En. 


698 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLANTER. 


[November 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy. 


HOLLOW  HORN— HOLLOW  TAIL. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

The  stand  you  take,  re  "hollow  horn,"  "hollow 
tail,"  in  your  September  and  October  issues  is  the 
correct  one.  There  are  no  such  diseases  (except  as 
you  say  in  the  imagination),  from  which  cattle  suf- 
fer generally.  These  organs — the  horn  and  tail — 
are  not  entirely  exempt  from  diseased  conditions,  but 
even  those  are  rare,  and  most  generally  develop  only 
local  s,\Tnptoms.  In  twenty  years  practical  expe- 
rience in  the  veterinary  profession,  I  have  seen  cattle 
suffer  almost  every  known  acute  disease  to  which  they 
are  heir,  and  then  be  subjected  to  further  torture,  at 
the  hands  of  ignorant  people,  upon  the  supposition 
that  they  either  had  "hollow  horn,"  or  "hollow  tail" 
(and  more  frequently  both),  when  upon  a  thorough 
and  intelligent  examination,  both  were  found  in  per- 
fectly normal  condition  except  for  the  damage  done  by 
the  barbarous  treatment  to  which  they  were  subjected. 
The  trouble,  sir,  is  this,  people  don't  investigate  in- 
telligently for  themselves  and  acquaint  themselves 
with  the  normal  appearance  of  these  and  other  organs, 
but  merely  jump  at  conclusions,  and  they  are  satisfied 
with  what  their  grand-parents  told  them  for  that 
must  be  true.  If  such  arguments  were  sound,  the  vet- 
erinary and  other  scientific  professions  wovild  not 
make  the  progress  they  have  made,  especially  the  past 
decade. 

People  who  are  ignorant  upon  the  subject  do  not 
realize  the  dangers  they  are  exposing  their  animals 
to  by  boring  holes  in  the  horns  of  animals,  and  pour- 
ing in  all  sorts  of  irritants,  of  unknown  action  as  far 
as  they  are  concerned,  and  leaving  the  holes  open 
exposing  them  to  attacks  of  many  parasites,  es- 
pecially the  Blow  fly.  "Many  such  cases  do  suffer  as 
the  result,  and  confirm  the  diagnosis  of  their  tor- 
mentors, when  it  actually  becomes  an  I-told-you-so 
affair.  It  would  be  imfair  if  I  were  to  stop  here 
merely  throwing  out  what  many  would  call  an  un- 
just criticism  of  their  opinion,  therefore,  my  real 
purpose  in  addressing  you  upon  this  subject  is  to 
clear  up  at  least  some  of  those  old-time  ideas  which 
our  profession  have  taken  from  the  mysterious  and 
arrayed  among  those  which  are  now  imderstood  at 
least  more  thoroughly. 

The  name  "Hollow  Horn,"  or  Horn  Evil,  got  its 
name  from  the  unnaturally  low  temperature  of  the 
horns,  which  is  an  accompanying  symptom  of  some 
forms  of  digestive  disturbance,  especially  impaction 


of  the  rumen  with  solid  food,  where  the  nerve  force 
is  weak  or  deficient,  and  the  peristaltic  action  of  the 
miiseiilar  coats  of  the  stomach  is  suspended.  Here  we 
find  the  animal  standing  with  an  arched  back,  disin- 
clined to  move,  emits  a  grunting  sound  when  breath- 
ing, pulse  quick  and  weak,  bowels  constipated,  or  an 
offensive  diarrlicea,  horns  cold,  rumen  pits  on  pressure 
with  the  finger  and  pit  remains,  showing  that  its 
coats  are  inactive,  loss  of  cud.  Strange  as  it  may  ap- 
pear, the  dullness  and  refusal  of  food  and  cold  con- 
dition of  the  horns,  especially  the  latter  are  the  only 
conditions  taken  into  account.  Here  is  a  case  of 
"hollow  horn,"  a  gimlet,  some  salt,  pepper  and  tur- 
pentine are  the  requirements.  No  readers,  the  cow 
has  indigestion  and  wants  a  purgative  of  epsom  salts, 
a  liberal  amount  of  clean  pure  water  to  drink,  fol- 
lowed by  tonics,  stimulants  and  more  careful  and  too 
frequently  more  generous  diet  and  care.  Jlany 
yoimg  cattle  especially  in  the  spring  of  the  year,  or 
fall  after  a  dry  summer,  become  much  emaciated  for 
want  of  proper  food  and  present  symptoms  of  general 
debility,  accompanied  by  unthriftness.  On  these  ani- 
mals the  hair  is  dry  and  stands  up:  mucus  mem- 
branes become  pale  (bloodless")  swellings  appear 
under  the  jaws  and  dependent  parts  of  the  body. 
Those  cattle  want  better  cave  and  a  gradually  increas- 
ing better  diet  of  good  well  cured  clover  hay,  (not 
old  bleached  out  stuff,  that  only  contains  the  origi- 
nal woody  fiber),  with  corn  and  bran,  and  let  me  ad- 
vise the  reader  that  if  his  cattle  are  not  worth  this 
sort  of  care  then  if  they  wish  to  remain  in  the  cattle 
business  profitably  the  only  reasonable  solution  of 
the  matter  is,  buy  some  that  are.  Improved  breeds 
are  within  the  reach  of  all  to-day  and  here  is  an  argu- 
ment which  hits  the  scrub  bull  pretty  hard.  ^Hiile 
these  forms  of  indigestion  and  emaciation  are  not  the 
only  ones  that  give  argimients  to  the  "hollow  horn" 
apostle,  they  are  the  most  frequent,  and  a  large  per 
cent,  of  that  goes  back  to  want  of  care  and  ]iroper 
feeding. 

Under  the  head  of  "hollow  tail"  besides  what  I 
have  enumerated,  for  I  have  yet  to  find  any  symptom 
by  which  it  may  be  distinguished,  we  do  find  a 
few,  at  least  more  numerous  conditions  in  support  of 
the  argument  in  favor  of  a  real  disease,  yet  when  in- 
vestigated it  is  almost  entirely  the  effect  instead  of 
the  cause.  Grub  in  the  tail  might  and  no  doubt  does 
exist.  So  it  exists  in  the  back,  yet  are  all  cattle  with 
grubs  in  their  backs,  late    in  the  winter    and  early 


11)03.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


699 


spring,  subjected  to  snch  treatment  as  splitting  open 
the  skin  and  pouring  in  salt  and  popper  and  why  not? 
One  who  knows  the  anatomy  and  physiology  would 
naturally  suppose  that  those  in  the  back  were  in  a 
position,  in  closer  proximity  to  vital  organs,  to  create 
more  disturbance  than  those  at  the  end  of  the  tail. 
The  fact  is  this,  when  grubs  as  they  are  called,  are 
found  to  exist  in  the  tail  they  are  merely  the  larva  of 
some  parasite,  and  probably  a  stray  Hypoderma  Line- 
ata,  which  is  actually  doing  less  damage  there  than  its 
kin  folk,  which  are  in  their  proper  place,  and  destroy- 
ing the  skin  as  they  develop  and  prepare  their  exit. 
Again  the  tail  is  an  organ  which  frequently  suffers 
injiiry  and  goes  throiigh  the  same  changes  as  other 
organs  similarly  damaged.  Then  again  during  ex- 
treme emaciation  from  want  of  care  it  is  not  infre- 
quent to  find  the  end  of  the  tail  suflFer  for  want  of 
sufficient  circulation  to  keep  the  tissues  nourished, 
being  farthest  from  the  center  of  the  circulation. 
This  is  also  an  effect  and  not  the  cause.  Again,  cattle 
may  have  ever  so  good  care  and  an  abundance  of  ap- 
parently good  food,  yet  if  such  food  is  contaminated 
with  the  fungus  disease  known  as  ergot,  which  fre- 
quently follows  a  wet  season,  we  invariably  have  a 
starved  condition  of  the  tissues  commencing  at  the 
end  of  the  tail,  tips  of  ears  and  above  the  feet,  accom- 
panied by  convulsions,  which  is  known  as  convulsive 
ergotism.  The  reason  is  simply  this,  the  action  of 
ergot  on  the  system  is  to  lessen  the  caliber  of  the  arti- 
rioles  (small  arteries  imder  control  of  the  nervous 
system)  and  restrict  the  flow  of  blood  to  the  parts. 
Those  situated  farthest  from  the  heart  or  where  the 
blood  pressure  is  least,  are  the  first  to  suffer,  and  a 
dead,  dry  gangrenoiis  condition  of  the  feet,  ears  or 
tail,  are  the  effect  and  not  the  cause.  The  treatment 
does  not  consist  in  removing  the  dead  tissue,  but  to 
stop  the  supply  of  ergot,  remove  the  cause. 

T  beg  to  thank  yo\;  for  allowing  so  much  space  and 
patience  to  this  matter,  and  if  only  we  can  convert 
a  few  erring  ones  and  induce  them  to  investigate  im- 
partially for  themselves,  and  stop  their  barbarous 
treatment  where  it  does  absolutely  no  good  and  often 
much  haiTu,  biit  go  at  things  more  intelligently,  by 
treating  the  cause  rather  than  the  effect,  then  we 
have  this  day  "triily  done  something." 

Jonx  Spencer, 
Professor  Veterinarv  Science. 

Virginia  Poly.  Inst.,  BlacJcsburg,  Va. 


TICK  OR  TEXAS  FEVER. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

T  heartily  agree  with  you  on  this  subject  of  Texas 
Fever  ticks  as  stated  in  your  October  issue.     If  the 


instructions  laid  down  there  were  as  vigorously  fol- 
lowed out  as  the  quarantine  authorities  have  been 
opposed  oil  this  tick  question  in  the  State  of  Vir- 
ginia the  entire  State  would  soon  breathe  the  air  of 
freedom  as  far  as  ticks  and  Texas  fever  are  con- 
cerned. I  am  personally  acquainted  with  Dr.  But- 
ler, the  author  of  your  quotation,  as  we  were  grad- 
iiates  of  the  same  class,  and  know  him  to  be  a  gentle- 
man of  sound  judgment  and  indomitable  persever- 
ance, such  as  every  State  shoiild  have  managing  its 
quarantine  affairs. 

Texas  Fever  can  only  be  transmitted  (except  by 
direct  innoculation)  by  the  Texas  Fever  tick  (Boop- 
hilus  anniilatis)  and  upon  the  eradication  of  this  tick 
and  this  only  can  the  disease  be  stamped  out  and  the 
Federal  quarantine  be  dispensed  with. 

John  Spencer, 
Professor  Veterinary  Science. 

Va.  Polytechnic  Institute,  Blaclshurg,  Va. 


PURE  BRED  CATTLE  IN  THE  SOUTH. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Mr.  0.  A.  Williams,  of  Kalifax  county,  N".  C, 
contributes  to  your  September  issue  a  long  letter  on 
the  subject  of  '"keeping  pure  bred  cattle  in  the  south." 
The  impressions  given  by  a  casiial  reading  of  this  le1> 
ter  are  utterly  at  variance  with  its  final  conclusions. 
The  writer  starts  out  with  a  jeremiad  account  of  cat- 
tle losses  from  ticks  and  fever  and  closes  with  an  in- 
vitation to  the  world  to  come  and  inspect  his  immune 
bulls  in  proof  that  "the  pure  bred  cattle  business  can 
be  made  a  success"  even  in  a  "tick  district."  Mr. 
Williams'  case  shows  two  things  and  only  two.  It 
shows : — 

1st.  He  lives  where  ticks  abound  like  "autumn 
leaves  that  strew  the  brooks  in  Vallambrosa." 

2nd.  Even  in  a  Paradise  of  the  parasites,  nothing 
is  needed,  absolutely  nothing,  biit  inoculation. 

Our  Tar-heel  friend  is  a  royal,  good  fellow.  We 
sympathize  with  him.  He  deserves  success.  Now 
that  he  has  learned  a  few  things  about  a  new  busi- 
ness he  will  achieve  success.  Having  put  his  hand 
to  the  plow  he  is  the  last  man  to  give  up  and  lie  down 
in  the  furrow  in  full  prospect  of  a  legitimate  harvest. 
If  he  wants  to  find  the  money  he  has  lost,  let  us  as- 
sure him  he  must  look  for  it  exactly  where  he  lost  it. 
No  business  is  exempt  from  difficulties.  The  pure 
bred  cattle  business  in  the  south  presents  fewer  diffi- 
culties than  any  other  enterprise  open  to  our  peopla 
It  offers  better  returns  upon  less  capital  and  labor. 
We  know  that  in  some  sections  the  cattle  tick  is  a 
great  pest,  but  even  there  a  little  time  and  attention 


700 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


[November 


will  fix  the  feature  of  impossibility  upon  the  prob- 
lem of  his  mischief.  In  the  Planter  of  Septeml>er, 
1902,  read  what  another  Mr.  Williams,  of  N.  C, 
said  to  the  Breeder's  Gazette : — 

"My  method  of  clearing  the  farm  of  ticks  has  been 
this: — the  cattle  were  inspected  almost  daily  during 
the  season  and  no  tick  was  allowed  to  mature  and 
drop  off.  I  prevented  this  b^y  washing  my  cattle  with 
a  strong  solution  of  water,  kerosene  oil  and  sulphur. 
If  this  solution  is  thoroughly  applied  it  will  kill  the 
young  ticks  and  the  old  ones  as  M'ell.  If  no  ticks  are 
allowed  to  mature  and  drop  in  the  pastures  the  farm 
will  soon  be  free  of  ticks.  To  cure  a  tick  fevered 
cow,  first  give  a  liberal  drench  of  salts,  then  follow 
with  liberal  drenches  of  sulphur.  The  finest  cow  in 
our  herd  to-day  had  as  bad  a  case  of  fever  last  sum- 
mer as  we  ever  saw."      W.  M.  Watkins  &  Sons. 

Charlotte  county,  Va. 


FOREST  HOME  DAIRY  FARM,  LOUDOUN  CO.,  VA. 

l^airy  faimiing  in  tlie  South  has  until  within  a 
very  recent  period  been  almost  wholly  neglected  and 
even  yet  is  confined  to  practically  a  very  small  number 
of  farmers  out  of  the  gross  total  of  those  making  their 
living  off  the  land  and  yet  it  is  a  business  with  one  of 
the  gi'eatest  opportunities  before  it  in  this  country 
and  wherever  it  has  become  the  staple  branch  of 
farming  in  any  State  or  locality  it  has  resulted  in 


't     ♦ 


felL 


enhancing  largely  the  value  of  the  land  and  the 
wealth  of  the  community.  This  is  evidenced  by  the 
prosperous  condition  of  the  farmers  in  sections  of 
Wisconsin  where  cheese  and  butter  making  are  staple 
industries,  in  the  section  around  Elgin  in  Illinois 
where  butter  making  is  a  great  industry  and  in  New 
York  state  where  milk  and  cream  is  largely  produced. 


Around  nearly  all  the  large  cities  of  the  North  and 
East  there  is  a  zone  of  country  from  which  the  milk 
supply  of  those  cities  is  drawn  where  land  is  much 
higher  in  value  than  elsewhere  in  the  State  and 
where  the  farmers  are  much  more  prosperous.  In 
the  South  Ibis  condition  has  not  been  reached  to  any 
considerable  extent  an\"where  as  the  people  of  the 
cities  have  not  yet  realised  the  full  value  of  milk 


'f^y^-,;    :-:.iftH?t^i^:M 


as  a  food.  Recent  statistics  go  to  show  that  the  con- 
sumption of  milk  and  cream  per  capita  in  the  cities 
of  the  South  is  uot  one-half  of  the  consumption  per 
capita  in  the  North.  There  are  few  cities  in  the 
South  where  the  consumption  of  milk  exceeds  one 
third  of  a  pint  per  head  per  day  and  in  some  cities 
it  falls  to  one-fourth  of  a  pint.  In  some  of  the  cities 
of  the  North  it  reaches  one  pint  per  head  per  day 
and  the  average  exceeds  one-half  pint  per  head.  The 
consumption  of  cream  is  in  the  like  degree  small  in 
the  South,  indeed  in  many  cities  it  is  practically  im- 
possible to  obtain  cream.  On  a  few  farms  in  this 
State  advantage  has  beeti  taken  of  this  realised  want 
of  milk  and  cream  in  the  cities  and  dairy  farming 
has  become  an  established  business  and  wherever  this 
has  been  done  under  proper  conditions  financial  suc- 
cess has  followed,  but  we  have  not  as  yet  made  the 
business  a  recognized  one  by  the  establishment  of 
milk  and  butter  factories  where  the  handling  of  the 
milk  of  a  locality  is  centralized  and  conducted  as  a 
conmiercial  undertaking.  One  of  these  farms  where 
the  business  of  supplying  cream  to  AVashington  City 
is  being  successfully  conducted  is  the  Forest  Home 
Farm  in  Loudoun  county,  owned  and  operated  by 
IT.  T.  Pan  coast.  Mr.  Pancoast  has  cq\iipped  the 
farm  with  a  fine  barn  with  stalls  for  fiO  cows,  well 
lighted,  ventilated  and  supplied  with  pure  water  and 
with  every  appliance  necessary  to  kee]i  the  same  per- 


190S.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


701 


fectly  clean  and  sweet.  Silos  having  a  capacity  of 
500  tons  hold  a  large  part  of  the  feed  for  the  stock 
and  a  15  horse  power  engine  and  20  horse  power 
boiler  supply  power  to  nin  the  machinery  and  steam 
and  hot  water  to  sterilize  and  keep  clean  and  sweet 
all  dairy  ntensils.  The  milk  of  the  herd  of  50  pure 
bred  registered  Jerseys  is  separated  by  a  DeLaval 
Separator  and  the  cream  after  being  sterilized  and 
cooled  is  shipped  in  jacketed  cans  to  Washington 
City.  Mr.  Pancoast  also  buys  and  separates  the  milk 
of  a  number  of  his  farm  neighbors  and  thus  enables 
them  to  share  in  the  advantages  of  dairying.     The 


separated  milk  is  fed  to  a  herd  of  Berkshire  hogs  of 
the  finest  breeding.  For  these  hogs  and  for  his  Jer- 
sey cattle  Mr.  Pancoast  has  secured  a  repiitation  and 
is  building  up  a  fine  business  selling  the  young  ani- 
mals all  over  the  South.  The  farm  is  situate  in  a 
fine  section  of  Loudoun  county,  one  of  the  most  fer- 
tile counties  in  the  State,  and  is  producing  fine  crops 
and  gradually  growing  in  fertility  from  the  applica- 
tion of  the  manure  from  the  large  quantity  of  live 
animals  kept  iipon  it.  We  give  views  of  the  outside 
and  inside  of  the  cattle  barn  and  of  a  few  of  the 
choice  Jersey  cows  showing  their  fine  udder  develop- 
ment. 


SOUTHWEST  VIRGINIA  FAIR,  RADFORD,  VA. 

At  this  fair  last  month  there  was  a  fine  exhibit  of 
pure  bred  cattle  frini  the  breeders  of  Southwest  Vir- 
ginia. The  classes  shown  were  Short  Horns,  Here- 
fords  and  Polled  Angus.  The  number  exhibited  in 
all  classes  was  95.     -- 

The  exhibitors  of  Short  Horns  were  ]\rajor  John 
T.  Cowan,  of  Montgomery:  Major  W.  W.  Bentley, 
of  Pulaski;  Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute;  C.   E. 


Bryant,  of  Grayson  county ;  W.  W.  George,  of  Smyth 
county;  J.  G.  Davis,  of  Grayson,  and  Ex-Govemor 
Tyler,  of  Radford. 

Major  Cowan  had  the  largest  exhibit,  his  herd 
being  represented  by  twenty-five  splendid  cattle,  that 
won  over  $5.')0  in  premiums.  The  finest  of  his  herd 
was  a  bull  between  two  and  three  years  of  age,  "Blood 
Royal,"  recently  piirchased  from  the  herd  of  E.  K. 
Thomas,  of  Paris,  TCy.  This  superb  animal  won  the 
premium  as  the  best  Short  Horn  b\ill  on  the  groimds. 
Another  of  his  prize-winners  was  a  beaiTtiful  snow- 
white  yearling  bull  weighing  915  pounds.  Still  an- 
other was  Gwendoline  XL,  a  cow  weighing  1,500 
pounds,  and  the  winner  of  many  premiums. 

The  largest  animal  on  the  ground  was  Mr.  Bryant's 
bull,  "Duke  of  Beechwood,"  which  weighed  2,400 
pounds.  "Governor  Tyler,"  the  property  of  Virginia 
Polytechnic  Tnstitiite,  was  another  Short  Horn  bull 
that  took  a  first  premium.  His  weight  is  2, .300 
pounds. 

The  exhibitors  of  Herefords  were  S.  W.  Anderson, 
of  Greenbrier  county,  W.  Va. ;  Haynes  L.  Morgan, 
of  Smyth  county,  Va. ;  Virginia  Polytechnic  Insti- 
tute ;  C.  B.  Einstein,  of  Montgomery,  and  Edgar 
Phipps,  of  Grayson  county.  Mr.  Anderson's  herd 
was  represented  by  twenty-four  white-faced  beauties, 
and  his  premiums  amounted  to  $600. 

Among  the  other  prize-winners  were  "Crimson 
Rambler"  and  "Marmaduke,"  owned  by  Haynes  L. 
Morgan,  and  "'Governor,"  owned  by  Major  Bentley. 

The  Short  Horn  premiums  amounted  to  $1,000, 
the  Herefords  to  $1,000  and  the  Polled  Angus  to 
$400.  All  of  the  premiums  on  Angus  cattle  were 
Avon  bv  Vira;inia  Polvtechnic  Institute. 


A  CONVENIENT  HOG  BARN. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Will  you  kindly  submit  in  the  columns  of  your 
most  valuable  paper  a  plan  of  a  hog  house,  large 
enough  to  accommodate  12  brood  sows  and  their 
probable  increase,  say  72  pigs,  keeping  in  view  the 
qxiestion  of  sanitary  conditions  and  the  saving  of  the 
manure  in  the  most  economical  way,  with  plank  or 
cement  -floor.  A  Subscriber. 

NorfoJh  county.  Va. 

The  following  description  by  Prof.  Soule  of  a  hog 
house  erected  at  the  Tennessee  Experimental  Station 
which  we  take  from  The  Practical  Farmer,  will 
meet  this  request  of  o\ir  subscriber.  The  house  seems 
to  be  very  conveniently  arranged,  but  if  we  were 
building  one  we  would  increase  the  width  of  the  house 
8  feet  and  make  a  gangway  or  alley  A-  feet  wide  on  the 
outer  side  of  the  pens  and  feed  slop  food  from  this 
alley  into  troughs  fixed  in  that  side  of  the  pen  instead 
of  havinji  the  troughs  next  to  the  middle  allev.     We 


702 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[November 


would  let  the  floors  of  the  pens  slope  from  the  centre 
alley  to  the  outside  and  raise  the  troughs  an  inch  or 
two  above  the  floor.  Fixed  in  this  way  all  liquid 
splashed  out  of  the  troughs  would  immediately  drain 
away  from  the  pens  out  into  the  yards  together  with 
all  the  liquid  voidings  of  the  animals  a  gutter  being 
laid  just  outside  the  pens  in  the  alley  to  carry  this 
away  into  the  yards  at  fixed  points.  The  pens  would 
thus  always  be  kept  dry  and  clean.  Dry  food  could 
be  fed  from  the  centre  alley  on  to  the  dry  floor  of  the 
pens.  Instead  of  the  floors  of  the  pens  being  partially 
wood  and  partially  ashes  we  would  concrete  the  floor 
of  the  M'hole  house  before  fixing  the  pens  making 
provision  by  the  insertion  of  posts  at  the  proper 
places  for  the  pen  divisions  before  laying  the  con- 
crete. This  is  the  only  effectual  way  to  keep  the  floor 
of  the  pens  level  and  dry.  Hogo  will  root  unless  pre- 
vented by  either  concrete  or  stone  and  a  floor  rooted 
up  is  always  more  or  less  a  wet  one.  The  pens  for 
breeding  sows  should  have  a  fender  rail  4x4  fixed 
6  inches  above  the  floor  and  C  inches  from  the  sides 
of  the  pen  to  prevent  the  little  pigs  from  being 
crushed  by  being  laid  on.  When  the  pigs  are  weaned 
they  should  live  as  much  as  j^ossible  out  in  the  fields 
or  hog  lots  and  only  require  a  shed  for  protection 
from  sun  and  storms  except  in  cold  wintry  weather 
wlien  they  should  be  kept  in  the  pens  in  the  house. 
The  following  is  the  description  above  referred  to : 
A  hog  barn  was  erected  a  little  over  a  year  ago  on 
the  University  farm  which  has  ]iroven  to  be  very  sat- 
isfactory in  its  arrangement,  and  as  it  was  erected  at 
a  moderate  cost,  some  facts  concerning  its  construc- 
tion will  doubtless  interest  swine  breeders  who  may 
contemplate  erecting  buildings  at  an  early  date.  This 
barn,  with  yards  and  all  complete,  cost  about  $400. 
It  is  18  feet  wide  and  100  feet  long,  and  contains  a 
feed  room  at  one  end  16x18  feet  and  IG  pens  7x8 
feet,  with  a  4-foot  passage  down  the  centre.  Eight 
of  these  pens  open  directly  into  yards  8  feet  wide  and 
50  feet  long.  These  are  intended  primarily  for 
brood  sows  and  young  pigs,  in  order  that  they  may 
go  out  and  enjoy  all  the  sunshine  and  fresh  air  pos- 
silile.  The  eight  pens  on  the  other  side  are  intended 
primarily  for  the  fattening  of  experimental  animals. 
Tliey  could  easily  be  utilized  for  breeding  animals, 
if  so  desired,  as  the  doors  to  each  pen  are  exactly  4 
feet  wide  and  those  on  each  side  of  the  passage  are 
s^ning  from  the  opposite  side,  so  when  any  two  are 
open  they  form  a  complete  runaway  across  the  hall 
so  that  animals  can  be  conveniently  transferred  from 
one  side  of  the  house  to  the  otlier.  The  partitions  be- 
tween the  pens  are  movable,  so  that  if  desirable  one 
pen  7x1  fi  feet  can  be  made.  The  flooring  extends 
under  the  troughs  and  covers  3  feet  of  the  pens.  The 


troughs  and  flooring  are  laid  on  a  heavy  bed  of  coal 
cinders,  which  protects  them  from  the  damp  and  pre- 
vents their  rapid  decay.  The  flooring  is  made  of 
lixl2-inch  oak  planks,  both  for  the  stalls  and  for 
the  hallway  as  well.  The  balance  of  the  pen  is  kept 
well  filled  with  coal  cinders  or  bedding,  according 
to  the  season  of  the  year.  The  principal  objection  to 
coal  cinders  is  that  it  makes  white  hogs  look  very  un- 
sightly, but  for  black  hogs  it  does  not  make  so  much 
difference.  As  the  hogs  are  fond  of  cinders  and  eat 
them  quite  freely,  they  answer  a  very  iiseful  purpose 
in  the  economy  of  the  hog.  The  feeding  troughs  are 
5  feet  9  inches  long,  lOi  inches  wide  and  10  inches 
high.  They  may  be  preserved  almost  indefinitely  by 
lining  with  a  single  sheet  of  galvanized  iron  metal, 
which  prevents  them  from  becoming  sour  and  in- 
fested with  Tindesirable  bacteria,  which  may  later 
breed  some  form  of  disease.  When  covered  with  a 
single  sheet  of  metal  in  this  way  they  can  be  effec- 
tually sprayed,  as  can  the  whole  building,  once  a  week 
or  oftener,  with  some  disinfectant  material.  Gates 
5  feet  9  inches  long  are  swung  over  each  trough. 
These  gates  are  provided  with  a  wooden  slot  and  han- 
dle so  they  can  be  lifted  up  and  held  by  the  back  side 
of  the  trough  imtil  the  food  is  placed  therein  wlien 
the  latch  is  again  lifted  and  they  are  adjusted  to  a 
normal  position.  This  keeps  the  hogs  out  of  the 
trough  until  the  food  is  properly  distributed  and 
saves  ranch  annoyance  and  loss  of  time  and  food  as 
well. 

A  window  is  provided  for  each  pen  in  the  barn, 
and  a  door  is  placed  directly  underneath  each  win- 
dow on  the  side  o])ening  into  the  yards.  This  gives 
IS  windows  to  the  building,  and  as  they  are 
2x10x3x4  inches  with  six  panes  10x18  inches,  they 
admit  plenty  of  light  and  air.  They  ai'e  set  in  slots 
and  can  be  moved  to  one  side  at  will. 

The  sills  and  corner  posts  of  the  building  should 
be  constructed  of  4x()S.  The  rafters  should  be  2x6s, 
and  the  studding  2x4s  or  2xCs  if  special  durability  is 
desired;  ^xl0xl2  siding  should  be  used,  and  Jx2  inch 
liattens.  Matched  flooring  should  also  be  used  for 
the  feed  room.  The  building  described  is  8  feet  high 
at  the  rear  and  12  feet  at  the  front.  It  has  proven 
satisfactory  in  every  way,  providing  an  abundance 
of  light  and  fresh  air  at  all  seasons  of  the  year,  and 
as  it  will  house  from  50  to  75  hogs,  depending  on  the 
size,  considering  the  first  cost,  it  should  nrove  a  cheap 
and  satisfactory  pen. 


Don't  turn  the  cows  out  in  the  cold  autu?nn  rains 
and  storms. 

Don't  scrimp  the  feed  when  the  cows  leave  the  pas- 
ture. 

Don't  milk  witfi  wet  hands. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


703 


The  Poultry  Yard. 


PREPARING  FOR  WINTER. 

Now  that  work  does  not  press  so  closely,  just  take 
a  day  off  from  farm  work  and  give  it  to  the  hens. 
Have  the  honse  thoroughly  cleaned,  burn  uj^  all  old 
nests  and  trash  of  every  kind;  repair  all  defective 
places  and  especially  all  broken  windows  and  close  up 
most  of  the  ventilators.  In  winter  very  little  ven- 
tilation will  suffice  to  keep  the  atmosphere  pure,  and 
excess  of  it  means  roup  and  non-laying  hens.  When 
all  repairs  are  completed,  lime  wash  the  house  and 
nest  boxes,  mixing  a  little  kerosene  iii  the  wash. 
Then  put  a  good  layer  of  fine  gravel  or  sharp  sand  on 
the  floor  and  cover  with  leaves  or  short  cut  straw. 
Cull  out  all  old  hens  and  and  siirplus  roosters  and 
either  sell  or  eat  them.  They  will  be  non-producers 
at  the  time  when  the  cost  of  production  is  the  highest. 
Arrange  to  begin  feeding  every  day  a  warm  mash  in 
the  morning,  made  up  of  bran,  corn  meal  and  oatmeal 
in  equal  parts.  Scald  this  and  feed  at  once.  When 
the  morning  is  very  cold  add  a  pinch  or  two  of  black 
pepper  or  boil  some  red  pepper  pods  in  the  water. 
See  that  therp  is  always  a  good  supply  of  fresh  water 
in  the  troughs  and  in  very  cold  weather  this  may 
with  advantage  be  warmed  just  sufficient  to  take  the 
chill  off.  Feed  hard  grain,  wheat  and  corn  mixed 
at  night. 


HOW  LAYERS  ARE  MADE. 

If  market  prices  follow  the  natural  course  of  events 
there  will  be  good  prices  ruling  for  eggs  through  No 
vemlier  and  necember,  and  every  one  will  want  to  be 
on  the  ground  floor.  To  get  there  the  first  move  will 
be  to  kill  off  all  hens  over  eighteen  months  old ;  then 
out  of  the  remaining  year-old  hens,  and  this  year's 
pullets,  select  any  that  are  known  to  be  very  poor 
layers  and  relegate  them  to  the  culinary  department. 
The  remainins:  stock  is  then  the  most  suitable  for  eg 
producing.  If  there  is  an  over  supply  of  pullets  and 
yearling  hens  remember  that  the  TMay  hatched  pullets, 
if  they  have  had  good  treatment,  make  the  best  fall 
and  winter  lavers.  Tlie  flock  can  then  be  reduced 
accordingly.  Properly,  the  flock  should  be  reduced 
to  its  working  size  by  the  twentieth  of  the  month,  and 
from  then  on  can  be  crowded  for  profitable  opera- 
tions. 

In  connection  with  getting  the  flock  into  working 
order,  the  results  of  a  trial  at  the  Central  Experimen 
tal  Farm  Inst  year  are  interesting.  On  October  22d, 
seventy  birds  were  enclosed  in  comfortable  quarters 
with  limited  runs,  and  one  hundred  and  forty-seven 
were  left  out  to  run  over  a  large  range.  Winter  lav 
ins  had  not  besrun  in  either  lot,  and  both  were  fed 


the  same  rations.  At  the  end  of  November  the  en- 
closed lots  had  laid  193  eggs,  and  those  having  a 
large  run  had  laid  1-32;  the  advantage  very  clearly 
being  with  those  that  were  enclosed,  and  thus  en- 
couraged to  begin  laying.  By  the  middle  of  Decem- 
ber, however,  laying  was  general  in  both  flocks.  The 
average  age  at  which  the  pullets  began  laying  was 
five  months. — Farmer's  Advocate,  (Canada.) 


WHY  THE  HENS  DO  NOT  LAY. 

The  reason  your  hens  do  not  lay  any  better  is,  I 
believe,  you  are  feeding  a  too  narrow  ration.  While 
many  poultry  raisers  feed  oats  I  do  not  iise  them  at 
all  now.  The  hens  do  not  like  them  and  will  eat  up 
everything  they  can  get  before  they  will  eat  the  oats. 
I  do  not  believe  in  compelling  my  fowls  to  eat  what 
they  do  not  want.  Nature  seems  to  have  given  an 
appetite  to  fowls  for  the  kind  of  food  the  system  calls 
for.  The  oats  would  be  all  right  if  we  could  dispose 
of  the  sharp  pointed  burr  or  husk.  Corn  and  wheat 
are  all  riglit,  especially  the  wheat.  So  are  the  green 
feeds ;  but  if  your  mash  is  composed  of  nothing  biit 
bran  it  is  not  sufllcient.  Try  a  chop  of  fine  ground 
oats,  corn  and  Avheat,  with  one  and  one-half  pints  of 
good  meat  meal  to  every  three  gallons  of  mixed  soft 
feed,  and  above  all  give  plenty  of  good,  fresh  water. 
I  cannot  agree  with  Mv.  Clipp  in  regard  to  oyster 
shells.  The  laying  hens  are  fairly  ravenons  for  shell 
and  if  they  are  not  constantly  supplied  will  cat  it  like 
corn  when  they  do  get  the  chance.  I  find  that  if  my 
yarded  fowls  do  not  have  shell  they  will  eat  their 
eggs.  A  neighbor  asked  me  what  she  could  do  to 
keep  her  hens  from  eating  eggs,  as  they  would  eat 
every  egg  they  could  find.  I  told  her  to  try  oyst-er 
shells,  and  they  quit  at  once.  That  woman  will  not 
do  without  shell  at  all.  Before  we  went  into  the 
poultry  business  and  made  a  study  of  it  we  would 
lose  a  large  number  of  fowls  with  various  diseases, 
mostly  cholera,  hut  since  we  use  oyster  shell  on  the 
inside  and  loiise  powder  on  the  outside  of  the  fowls 
we  have  not  had  a  single  case  of  cholera. — National 
Stoclcman. 


POULTRY  SHOW  IN  RICHMOND,  VA. 

The  Virginia  Poultry  and  Pet  Stock  Association 
will  have  its  annual  exhibition  in  the  Masonic  Tem- 
ple, Richmond,  23d  to  2Sth  November.  The  pre- 
mium list  is  a  heavy  one.  and  the  judges  experts  and 
reliable  men.  Dogs  will  also  be  a  prominent  feature 
at  the  show,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Virginia  Ken- 
nel Club.  See  advertisement  of  the  show  in  this 
issue.  We  would  like  to  see  a  great  success  achieved. 
The  poultry  interest  is  now  a  great  one  in  the  South. 


704 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLANTER. 


[November 


The    Horse. 


NOTES. 

Richmond's  third  annual  Horse  Show  was  a  grand 
sucwss  in  point  of  attendance,  the  character  of  ex- 
hibits and  financially,  and  interest  never  seemed  to 
flag  from  the  rise  of  the  curtain  on  Tuesday  evening, 
October  13th  until  the  close  on  the  follo^ving  Satur- 
day.    The  management  of  the  Association  made  up 
of  President  J.  T.  -Vnderson;  Vice-President  Harry 
C.  Beattie,  Secretary  W.  0.  "Warthen,  ilanager  C. 
W.  Smith  and  otherS;  were  well  pleased  over  the  re- 
sult and  are  already  maturing  plans  for  a  show  to  be 
held  on  even  a  grander  scale  in  lOO-i.     And  all  of 
this  in  spite  of  the  financial  depression  which  has 
strongly  affected  Richmond.     Well    known    stables 
from  prominent  northern  centres  were  here  in  force 
with  prize  winners  that  have  held  their  ovm  at  the 
big  shows  all  down  the  line,  but  at  that,  Virginia 
horses  made  a  grand  display  and  their  work  on  the 
tan  bark  brought  forth  unbounded  applause.     This, 
of  course,  applies  mostly  to  hunters  and  iiunpers,  be- 
cause harness  horses  like  those  exhibited  by  Dr.  W. 
E.  Woodend,  Mrs.  John  Gerken,  Mrs.  James  B.  M. 
Grosvenor,  G.    Trowbridge    Hollister,    Mrs.  A.   E. 
Deiterich  and  others  were  of  a  very  high  class  and 
able  to  compete  successfully    in  any    company,  but 
even  then  home  bred  products  were  in  evidence.  The 
four-in-hand  driving  of  the    noted    whips,   Charles 
Fo\vnes  with  Dr.  Woodend's  horses,  and  Jack  Don 
nelly  with  those  of  Mr.  Trowbridge  and  Mrs.  Hol- 
lister was  a  revelation  to  Richmond  audiences.    Sid 
ney  J.  HoUoway,  with  his  sister,  iliss  Maria  Hollo 
way,  of  Scarsdale,  X.  Y.,  broiight    do^vn    the  well 
known  hunters  and  jumpers.  Chappie  and  Freelance 
and  their  horsemanship  was  simply  grand.    Howard 
Willet's.  of  White  Plains,  had  the  world's  champion 
high  jumper    Heatherbloom,    Toronto  and    several 
others  in  charge  of    Richard    Donnelly.     Heather- 
bloom  was  booked  to  jump  against  the  record,  but 
was  drawn  on  account  of  the  death  of  Mr.  Willet's 
son  and  Donnelly  sent  his  own  horse  Rifle  over  the 
jumps  on  Saturday  night  at  seven  feet,  two  inches. 
The  display  of  Virginia  bred  hunters  and  jumpers 
was  great,  among  them    being    .\maret,  Hornpipe, 
Buck  and  others    that    have  won    at  the  big  shows. 
Amontr    the    best    known    Virginia    exhibitors    were 
Chas.  H.  Hurkamp,  Harry  C.  Beattie,  T.  L.  Evans, 
J.  B.  ifcComb,  "Morris  tt  Joslin,  l^^r.  and  Mrs.  Blair 
Johnson,  1-.  D.  Passano  Jr.,  R.  il.  Taylor,  C.  W. 
Smith,  J.  Stewart  Bryan.  ^Miss  Louise  Selden,  R.  C. 
Seldcn  and  others. 

The  largest  winners  at  the  Richmond  Horse  Show 
were  Dr.  and  INfrs.  W.  E.  Woodend,  of  Xew  York, 
who  are  credited  with  $1,750,  but  thev  had  the  large 


stable  here,  niunbering  some  16  harness  and  saddle 
horses,  while  iMrs.  James  B.  M.  Grosvenor  followed 
with  $750,  G.  Trowbride  Hollister,  with  $725,  Mrs. 
John  Gerken  with  $520,  Thomas  Deford  with  $30.0, 
Charles  Pfizer  with  $250,  R.  JI.  Taylor  with  $175 
and  Mrs.  A.  E.  Deiterich  with  $250.  These  were 
from  a  distance  but  Virginia  horses  did  well  and 
their  owners  stand  credited  as  follows:  E.  A.  Saun- 
ders, $325,  Garber  tV  Garber,  $175,  John  Tverr 
Branch,  $200,  W.  E.  Boeing,  $150,  Mr.  and  :M:rs. 
J.  Stewart  Brvan,  $247.50,  "T.  L.  Evans,  $183,  L. 
D.  Passano,  Jr.,  $167,  D.  B.  Tennant,  $112.50, 
INlcComb  (t  Snvder,  $150.  Hon.  Henrv  Fairfax, 
$100,  John  H.' Selden,  $100,  B.  S.  Forbes,  $100, 
IMrs.  Blair  Johnston,  $150.  In  this  list  the  most 
noteworthy  winners  are  Mrs.  Blair  Johnston  with 
Robin  Adair  and  Lord  Chesterfield,  both  of  whom 
were  in  the  saddle  classes,  and  Charles  H.  Hurkamp, 
who  only  had  three  horses  and  was  here  three  days. 
Amarct,  Hornpipe  and  Alan-a-dale  made  up  the  Hur- 
kamp stable.  Three  blues  and  a  couple  of  red  rib- 
bons went  to  Amaret,  one  blue  to  Hornpipe  and  Alan- 
a-dale,  a  green  horse,  followed  with  one  yellow  ribbon. 

Through  an  advertisement  in  the  Pi-axteb,  which 
in  passing  I  may  add  is  excelled  as  an  advertising 
medium  by  no  journal  in  the  land  treating  on  similar 
subjects,  to  which  replies  were  received  from  widely 
different  sections,  T  have  sold  to  W.  C.  ^McMackin, 
superintendent  of  the  speed  department  of  the  Xorth 
Carolina  Agricultural  Society,  Raleigh,  the  bay 
stallion  ^Mialebone,  7S72,  by  Abdallah  Wilkes,  son 
of  G-eorge  Wilkes;  dam  MollyO.,  by  Abdallah,  15, 
the  sire  of  Goldsmith  ^laid  2  :14 ;  the  famous  sires 
Almont,  Belmont,  etc.  !Mr.  ^fcMackin  will  drive 
AVlialebone  on  the  road  and  use  him  in  the  stud.  The 
son  of  Abdallah  AVilkes  has  size,  finish  and  good 
looks,  and  his  get  take  after  him.  Five  of  his  daugh- 
ters were  bred  in  the  spring  to  Pilot  Medium,  Jr., 
2  :00  3-4,  who  holds  a  world's  record  to  cart :  and  to 
D.  C.  Lester,  sheriff  of  Polk  county.  Hatfield,  Ar- 
kansas, the  brown  colt  Featherbone.  38363,  foaled 
]\ray  27,  1902,  by  WHialebone,  dam  Alcvrene, 
2:27  "3-4,  trial  2:19  1-4,  by  the  famous  dead"  Alcy- 
one, 2 :27.  This  colt  is  well  formed,  handsome  and 
of  nice  size,  while  his  action  and  gait  betoken  both 
speed  and  race  horse  quality.  Featherbone  was  piir- 
chnsed  by  !Mr.  Lester  to  place  in  the  stud.  His  dam, 
Alcvrene,  I  sold  last  spring  to  !M.  W.  Savage,  owner 
of  ban  Patch.  1:50;  Directum,  2:05  1-4,  etc..  and 
she  is  now  a  member  of  the  great  band  of  brood  mares 
in  his  stud.  Alcvrene  was  bred  to  Directum. 
Jt      jt     jt 

That  ever  popular  and  meritorious  organization, 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTEK. 


7o:. 


tho  Deep  Run  Hunt  Chib  is  evidently  taking  on  new 
life,  as  a  meeting  was  recently  held  at  the  Westmore- 
land Club  and  matters  of  importance  discussed,  while 
officers  for  the  ensuing  year  were  elected.  The  Hunt 
Club  has  i^layed  an  important  part  here  since  its  or- 
ganization more  than  a  decade  since,  not  only  social- 
ly, but  in  stimulating  an  interest  in  well  bred  horses 
and  creating  a  demand  for  hunters  and  jumpers,  like- 
wise in  the  development  of  such,  and  drawing  the  at- 
tention of  the  outside  world  to  Virginia's  splendid  re- 
soiirces  in  that  direction.  It  is  likely  that  the  pres- 
ent headquarters  of  the  club  may  be  changed  at  an 
early  date  and  other  sports,  including  shooting  and 
golf,  added.  A  number  of  members  are  favorable 
to  having  a  country  ehib  house  out  on  the  Cary  street 
road  and  the  impression  prevails  that  the  Hermitage 
Club  and  Hunt  Club  are  likely  to  unite  in  securing 
a  home.  The  officers  elected :  President,  Cotesworth 
C.  Pinkney;  Vice-President,  W.  Otto  ISTolting;  Sec- 
retary and  Treasurer,  Major  P.  A.  Wellford ;  M.  P. 
H.,  Mr.  Harry  C.  Peattie ;  Board  of  Directors, 
^Messrs.  Joseph  Willard,  J.  Stewart  Bryan,  Harry  C. 
Beattie,  J.  T.  Anderson,  Frank  W.  Christian,  Car- 
ter W.  Branch,  H.  S.  Hawes,  Barton  H.  Grundv  and 
Dr.  J.  A.  White. 

^     j»     :» 

At  the  sale  of  imported  thoroughbred  brood  mares, 
yearlings  and  weanlings  consigned  by  Doiiglas  H. 
Grand,  of  Kent,  England,  and  sold  under  the  man- 
agement of  the  American  Blood  Stock  ji\.gency  at  the 
American  Horse  Exchange,  'Rew  York,  October  2nd, 
Eobert  ^N'eville,  Welboume,  Virginia,  was  among  the 
purchasers  and  secured  the  following:  Cashla.  chest- 
nut mare,  11  by  Berid  Or,  dam  Ashgrove,  by  Albert 
Victor.  $500 ;  chestnut  filly,  weanling,  by  Q\ieen' 
Birthday,  dam  Cashla.  $50 ;  bay  colt,  weanling,  by 
Freak,  dam  Sunspot,  by  Prism,  $100:  chestnut  filly, 
weanling,  by  Carlton  Grange,  dam  Claire,  by  Low- 
lander,  $75 :  bay  colt,  weanling,  by  "Missel  Thrush, 
dam  Armoury,  by  Mouron,  bay  filly,  weanling,  by 
Earwig,  dam  Ravello.  by  Sir  Hugo,  $75 :  chestnut 
colt,  yearling,  by  El  Diablo,  dam  Australian  Gold, 
bv  Bendigo,  $175. 

Jt     jt      Jt 

Capt.  Edward  P.  Baird,  breeder  of  thoroughbred 
harness  horses,  hunters  and  jumpers  at  Epping  For- 
est Stud  Farm,  Occupacia,  Va.,  ^NT-ites  me  that  he 
is  well  pleased  with  the  condition  of  his  stock,  all  of 
them  on  the  farm.  The  thoroughbred  department 
includes  the  brood  mares  imp.  Pleasure,  a  chestnut, 
fonled  1889,  by  Fortissimo,  dam  ^fy  Beauty,  by  II 
Gladiatore,  bred  to  Judge  Morrow,  and  Xiofe,  bv 
Eolus,  dam  Xita,  by  imp.  Billet ;  bred  to  Chiswick. 
Lotus  Lilly,  bay  filly,  yearling,  by  imp.  Water  Level, 
dam  Evanseline  CMsnems,  by  Eon:  Iron  Prince, 
chestnut  colt,  yearling,  by  Chiswick,  dam  imp.  Pleas- 
ure, and  Kepstone.  black  colt,    weanling,    by  Iron 


Crown,  dam  imp.  Pleasure.  Capt.  Baird  also  has 
some  good  looking  half  breds  from  standard  bred 
mares,  among  them  a  couple  of  handsome  geldings 
4  and  5,  which  are  being  driven  to  pole, 

Mr.  Chamblin's  Lucky  Clover,  bay  gelding,  5,  by 
Flatlands,  dam  Lucky  Clover,  by  Bersan,  certainly 
won  the  title  of  our  champion  steplechaser  by  win- 
ning the  great  $10,000  steeplechase  at  ^lorris  Park, 
iNTew  York,  on  October  3,  with  167  pounds  on  his 
back  and  defeating  the  best  horses  in  training,  among 
others  the  well  known  Self  Protection,  a  winner  of' 
this  event  last  season  and  who  was  once  regraded  as  a 
likely  candidate  for  English  Grand  ^National  honors. 
Land  of  Clover  was  bred  by  J.  H.  McGavock,  Fort 
Chiswell  Stud,  ^fax  Meadows.  Va.,  and  sired  by 
Flatlands,  the  son  of  imp.  Woodlands  and  Maggie 
B.  B.,  dam  of  Iroquois.  Flatlands  heads  the  Fort 
Chiswell  Stud  and  has  sired  among  other  winners 
this  season  Gallant,  ^[iss  Liza  and  Old  Mike,  all  of 
whom  were  bred  at  Fort  Chiswell.  Gallant  is  owned 
by  C.  D.  Hutzler,  of  this  city,  for  whom  he  has  won 
some  good  races  at  the  Chicago  tracks. 

At  famous  Belle  Meade  Stud's  dispersal  sale, 
which  took  place  recently  at  'New  York,  the  former 
noted  race  mare  ^la  Belle,  a  product  of  the  Ellerslie 
Stud,  by  imp.  Charaxus.  dam  Ada  Belle,  by  Molus, 
was  purchased  by  P.  C.  Brien  for  $1,050.  Ma  Belle 
is  15  years  old  and  has  been  a  matron  at  Belle  Meade 
for  some  years  past.  The  Belle  Meade  horses  were 
sold  in  Xew  York  and  the  highest  price  obtained  was 
$15,000  for  The  Commoner,  chestnut  horse,  H,  by 
Hanover,  dam  Margerine,  by  Algerina.  the  Virginia 
bred  son  of  Abdel  Eader  and  famoiTS  T^ina,  by  Bos- 

+Q«  ^^  t^  ^S 

The  Tranter-TCenney  Company,  of  Lexington, 
Ky.,  offered  a  prize  of  $25  for  a  name  best  suited  to 
the  yearling  colt  by  Jay  "McGregor,  dam  Millionaire, 
by  Norwood.  Something  like  one  thousand  names 
were  submitted  from  many  different  sections,  but  the 
prize  went  to  J.  H.  Wingate.  City  Engineer,  of  Poa- 
noke,  Va.,  who  chose  the  name  Plutocrat  and  got  the 
prize. 

President  J.  T.  Anderson,  of  the  Richmond  Horsa 
Show  Association,  is  authority  for  the  statement  that 
the  profits  of  tho  recent  exhibit  here  were  $10,000. 
The  total  expenses  were  $20,000  and  the  receipts 
from  all  sources  reached  $30,000,  thus  leaving  quite 
a  nice  balance  on  which  to  do  business  next  year. 

Dan  Patch  has  again  beaten  the  record. having  gone 
the  distance  at  ^Femphis  on  the  22d  October  in  1.56:}, 
and  this  without  n  wind  shield  in  front  of  him.  Re- 
cords are  now  being  smashed  so  rapidly  that  we  can- 
not keep  pace  witli  them.  Broad  Rock. 


706 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLANTER. 


[November 


Miscellaneous. 


COURT  DAY  IN  VIRGINIA. 

This  old  institution  of  the  State  is  now  almost  a 
thing  of  the  past.  In  a  few  months,  under  the  pro- 
visions of  the  new  Constitution,  the  county  eonrts  will 
he  abolished  and  circuit  courts  held  at  longer  inter- 
vals will  take  their  place.  We  rejoice  at  this  change. 
It  is  one  which  we  had  long  advocated.  There  was 
no  reason  whatever  why  the  taxes  of  the  people  should 
be  ex]-)ended  in  maintaining  100  county  court  judges 
with  the  necessary  staffs,  when  a  much  less  number 
could  easily  discharge  the  duties.  Economy  and  effi- 
ciency both  demanded  the  change.  Whilst,  however, 
we  rejoice  in  the  abolishing  of  the  courts,  we  do  not 
wish  to  see  the  gathering  of  the  people  together  on  the 
conrt  days  abolished.  In  order  that  this  may  not 
follow,  we  suggest  that  the  county  authorities  and  the 
people  should,  before  the  new  Constitutional  pro- 
visions come  into  operation,  meet  on  a  court  day  and 
make  the  necessary  arrangements  for  continuing  the 
court  days  as  monthly  markets  at  which  the  citizens 
of  the  counties  can  meet  and  dispose  of  their  live  and 
dead  farm  products.  In  England  every  county  town 
and  most  other  towns  in  the  counties,  have  a  certain 
day  in  each  week  which  is  known  as  "market  day." 
These  are  old  established  institutions,  many  of  them 
dating  back  hundreds  of  years.  On  these  particular 
days,  and  also  on  two  or  three  other  days  in  the  year, 
known  as  "fair  days,"  the  farmers  bring  in  their  pro- 
duce of  all  kinds  and  dealers  and  buyers  from  all  over 
the  county  and  from  adjoining  counties  and  cities 
attend  to  buy  the  same.  In  this  way  a  large  business 
is  done,  everv  one  knowing  that  buyers  and  seller 
will  be  tliere  for  products  of  every  kind.  There  is  no 
reason  whatever  why  this  same  system  of  markets  and 
fairs  cannot  be  established  here,  and  usefully  take  the 
place  of  the  old  "court  day,"  affording  an  opportunity 
much  needed,  of  a  place  to  buy  and  sell,  and  also  for 
the  meeting  of  the  people  to  discuss  business  and 
local  and  national  qxiestions.  The  Coimty  Board  of 
Supervisors  and  other  coimty  authorities  should  ar 
range  their  meetings  so  as  to  be  held  also  on  these 
market  days,  and  thus  aid  in  establishing  the  market 
by  bringing  the  people  together.  We  commend  this 
suggestion  to  the  attention  of  the  authorities  and  peo 
pie  of  each  county,  and  shall  be  glad  to  hear  the  views 
of  the  people  on  the  subject.  In  the  words  of  the 
•rood  old  Book,  we  would  sayr  "Forsake  not  the  as- 
■  ■•mblinff  of  yourselves  together."     There  is  too  much 


isolation  amongst  farmers  already.     Get  together  and 
correct  this. 


ICE  HOUSE  BUILDING. 

We  have  several  enquiries  as  to  the  building  of  an 
ice  house,  and  as  to  whether  we  advise  a  house  above 
ground  or  a  pit  in  the  ground  as  a  storage  place  for 
ice.  In  reply  to  these,  we  will  say  that  we  strongly 
prefer  a  house  above  ground  to  a  pit  for  many  rea- 
sons. In  the  first  place,  it  is  easier  built  than  a  pit 
is  dug.  In  the  next  place,  it  is  more  economical  and 
saving  of  ice  than  a  pit,  and  it  is  also  easier  to  fill  and 
to  empty.  A  house  for  keeping  ice  should  be  built  on 
high,  dry  gi-ound.  with  easy  means  of  good  drainage, 
for  upon  perfect  drainage  of  water  from  the  ice,  and 
good  ventilation  over  the  top  of  it,  depends  largely 
the  economical  storage  of  the  article.  The  other  con- 
ditions requisite  for  sTiccess  in  storing  is  such  a  house 
as  will  effectually  exclude  the  air  from  the  ice  and 
maintain  an  equable  low  temperature.  The  best  ice 
house,  is  practically  a  house  within  a  house.  The 
s]iace  between  the  inner  lining  and  the  outer  house 
should  be  from  12  to  15  inches,  and  this  space  should 
he  packed  tight  with  sawdust  or  some  other  non-eon- 
ducting  substance,  but  sawdust  is  usually  the  cheap- 
est and  most  easily  obtained.  This  double  wall  fea- 
ture shoiild  be  extended  to  the  roof,  which  should  be 
also  double  and  packed  like  the  side  walls.  Double 
doors  should  also  be  provided,  and  the  inter\'ening 
space  be  packed  with  bags  of  sawdust  when  the  house 
is  closed.  The  floor  shoiild  be  raised  a  few  inches 
above  the  ground  level,  say  6  inches,  and  shoiild  be 
laid  with  battens  an  inch  apart  to  permit  of  drain- 
age from  the  melting  ice.  The  water  thus  draining 
from  the  ice  should  be  drained  away  from  the  house  by 
a  pipe  drain,  which  should  have  a  bend  in  it,  which 
will  hold  water  the  full  circumference  of  the  pipe, 
so  as  to  completely  exclude  air  from  the  ice  house. 
In  the  gables  of  the  roof  there  should  be  fixed  two 
ventilators,  which  will  carry  off  all  heated  air  from 
the  top  of  the  ice.  As  the  ice  is  filled  in  it  should  be 
chunked  with  ice  between  the  blocks  and  should  be 
covered  with  12  or  15  inches  of  sawdust,  over  which 
should  be  spread  a  thick  covering  of  marsh  hay  or  fine 
cut  straw.  Ice  weighs  about  50  pounds  to  the  cubic 
foot,  so  that  it  i?  easy  to  calculate  what  size  of  house 
is  necessary  when  the  daily  consumption  is  knoA\Ti. 
A  house  10x10x10  will  hold  1,000  cubic  feet  of  ice, 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


707 


or  about  2.5  tons,  this  after  allowing  for  wasting  by 
melting  will  provide  200  pounds  per  day  for  150 
days,  an  ample  supply  for  a  large  lionsebold  and  for 
a  dairy.  If  tlie  ice  house  can  be  built  on  the  north 
side  of  other  buildings  overshadowing  it  or  under  a 
large  tree  it  will  be  desirable  to  build  there,  as  these 
will  protect  it  from  the  rays  of  the  hot  summer  sun, 
and  thus  save  ice. 


KEEPING  BEES. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Every  ])rogressive  farmer  should  have  a  small 
apiary.  Besides' the  profit  in  bees,  there  is  a  satis- 
faction in  caring  for  them  and  studying  them  scien- 
tifically. I  say  "scientifically,"  for  I  should  not  ad- 
vise any  one  to  keep  bees  in  any  other  way.  Books 
and  periodicals  on  bee-keeping,  and  standard  bee 
materials,  are  so  accessible  and  cheap  in  these  days 
that  obsolete  and  makeshift  methods  are  out  of  the 
question. 

07ie  or  two  colonies  are  enough  to  start  with,  for  it 
will  take  some  time  to  become  expert  enough  to 
handle  a  great  number  with  success.  Any  of  the 
first  class  modern  hives  will  do.  The  .simplest  are 
generally  the  best.  Avoid  all  fancy,  trick  hives,  and 
don't  make  the  mistake  that  I  did  in  getting  more 
than  one  kind,  whose  parts  will  not  exchange.  Of 
course,  you  should  have  the  frame  hive,  which  you 
can  open  at  any  time  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining 
the  condition  of  your  bees.  There  vnll  be  a  brood 
chamber  below  occupied  by  the  bees  as  a  permanent 
hoiise.  Above  this  is  a  smaller  story,  called  the 
super,  in  which  they  will  deposit  all  surplus  honey 
which  falls  to  the  share  of  the  master.  In  the  lower 
story  the  brood  frames  extend  the  whole  length  of  the 
hive,  while  the  upper  story  is  filled  with  small  sec- 
tion frames  about  large  enough  to  hold  a  pound  each 
of  comb  honey. 

Modern  beekeepers  have  a  gTeat  many  appliances, 
some  of  which  you  will  find  very  necessary,  wliile 
others  are  not.  A  smoker  is  very  essential.  You 
also  want  a  bee  veil  of  fine  material  as  a  protection 
against  stings.  A  pair  of  cheap  buckskin  gloves  is 
not  amiss,  though  you  will  soon  learn  to  do  without 
them,  as  I  did.  If  yoii  deal  gently  with  your  bees 
and  sm.oke  them  properly,  there  is  little  danger  of 
stings. 

The  bee  yard  should  be  near  the  house,  where 
swarms  may  be  seen  as  soon  as  they  come  out.  Other- 
wise they  will  often  get  away  without  yoiir  knowing 
it.     The  bees  should  be  fenced  off  in  a  little  inclosure 


to  themselves.  This  is  to  ward  off  stock  and  protect 
the  bees  from  disturbance.  It  is  well  to  have  some 
shade  for  each  hive,  though  either  very  much  shade  or 
very  little  is  not  best.  The  stands  should  face  the 
south,  and,  if  in  the  edge  of  an  orchard,  so  much  the 
better.  Bees  and  fruit  go  well  together.  The  bees 
carry  pollen  from  bloom  to  bloom,  and  make  them 
fertile,  while  the  blooms  in  turn  afford  honey  for  the 
bees. 

While  it  is  not  necessary  to  be  working  with  a 
small  number  of  bees  continitously,  they  should  never 
be  out  of  mind.  They  require  some  attention  in  all 
seasons.  In  the  early  spring  there  will  be  weak 
colonies,  which  will  reqiiire  feeding.  Late  in  the 
fall,  if  the  lower  story  is  not  sufficiently  packed  with 
honey  for  winter,  it  is  again  necessary  to  feed,  and 
thus  replenish  the  stores.  All  through  the  warm 
season  the  combs  of  the  brood  chamber  should  be  ex- 
amined every  three  or  four  weeks  to  see  if  they  con- 
tain eggs  or  brood.  If  they  do  not,  the  colony  is 
probably  queenless.  In  that  case  a  new  queen  must 
be  introduced,  or  else  you  should  put  in  frames  of 
combs  containing  eggs  from  other  hives.  From  these 
the  bees  will  raise  a  new  queen.  If  this  is  not  done, 
the  colony  will  soon  die  out  from  want  of  new  bees, 
for  bees  live  but  a  short  time — only  a  few  months  at 
longest.  In  getting  my  experience,  I  let  two  colo- 
nies die,  and  I  now  feel  sure  that  they  had  become 
qiieenless. 

About  fifty  years  ago  the  Kev.  L.  L.  Langstrath 
invented  the  modern  hive,  with  movable  frames.  He 
may  be  called  the  greatest  of  beekeepers,  and  his 
motto  was :  "Keep  your  colonies  strong."  If  this  is 
done,  you  need  not  have  much  fear  of  the  result. 
Moth  worms  cannot  hurt  a  strong  colony.  They  only 
take  possession  as  the  colony  weakens  down  and  dies 
<mt. 

The  main  honey  flow  comes  early  in  the  season  for 
most  parts  of  the  coimtry.  Orchards  and  white 
clover  usually  furnish  the  principal  crops.  Sour- 
wood  and  chestnut  blooms  are  valuable  pasture.  The 
poplar,  or  tulip  tree  is  a  rich  honey  producer  in  the 
South.  Cotton,  cow  peas  and  buckwheat  are  per- 
haps the  best  crops  on  the  farm  to  produce  honey  as 
a  by  product.  It  will  scarcely  pay  to  sow  any  crop 
as  a  honey  producer  alone.  Many  weeds  afford  good 
bee  pasture.  Spanish  needles,  boneset,  stick  weeds 
Casters')  and  golden  I'od  are  our  main  dependence 
late  in  the  summer  and  fall. 

Bee  pasture  is  not  equally  good  in  all  parts  of  the 
country.  The  most  honey  is  produced  in  the  buck- 
wheat districts  of  ITew  York  and  the  alfalfa  fields  of 


708 


THE  SOUTHER^T  PLANTER. 


[November 


the  Rocky  IMiountaiii  region.  The  wild  sage  of  Cali- 
fornia is  also  rich  in  honey.  Apiaries  in  these  sec- 
tions of  the  country  are  very  profitable.  The  pro- 
duct of  a  single  season  often  reaches  many  tons,  and 
brings  in  several  thousand  dollars  to  a  single  pro- 
ducer. Texas  is  perhaps  the  best  honey  State  in  the 
South.  T.  C.  K. 

Knox  Co.,  Tenn. 


TOBACCO  MARKETS. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Permit  me,  through  your  columns,  to  appeal  on 
behalf  of  Virginia  tobacco  growers,  to  the  Legislature 
to  enact  some  statute  to  regulate  the  sale  of  leaf  to- 
bacco. Some  years  ago  when  all  warehouses  were 
bonded,  we  only  had  to  pay  3  per  cent.,  and  we  had  a 
State  officer  to  see  after  citizen's  or  producer's  inter- 
ests. Warehouse  men  went  before  the  Legislature 
and  represented  that  this  State  officer  was  a  useless 
burden  on  the  good  people,  and  if  done  away  with 
they  would  sell  tobacco  at  a  less  cost.  The  Legisla- 
ture (as  they  usually  do  in  such  cases)  heeded  them, 
and  immediately  there  sprang  up  in  every  little  tovm 
tobacco  warehouses,  and  they  have  gradually  in- 
creased their  charges  until  now  they  charge  about 
what  they  choose.  This  seems  to  be  the  schedule: 
10  cents  per  100  for  weighing,  25  cents  per  pile  auc- 
tion fee  (they  boast  they  sell  6  piles  per  minute, 
$1.55  per  minute,  made  by  a  man  they  hire  at  $10 
per  month  sometimes,  as  I  understand),  and  after 
charging  as  above,  they  charge  2^  per  cent,  on  gross 
sales  for  handing  over  the  money.  Taking  the  en- 
tire crop,  T  suppose  this  amounts  to  about  25  per  cent, 
of  what  it  brings.  Of  course,  when  the  tobacco  is 
good  and  sold  in  large  lots  this  percentage  is  reduced, 
but  as  the  bulk  of  the  crop  is  sold  in  small  lots  and 
comes  in  the  low  grades,  the  charge  is  large.  Tobacco 
is  different  from  any  other  product,  as  all  we  can  do 
with  it  is  to  sell  it,  and  there  are  so  many  people  de- 
pendent on  that  crop  for  a  livelihood,  it  should  be 
legislated  about  as  milling  is.  If  I  send  a  load  of 
grain  to  market,  all  I  am  charged  by  the  commission 
merchant  is  .3  per  cent.,  for  a  crate  of  eggs,  coop  of 
chickens,  or  other  country  produce  I  am  only  charged 
5  per  cent.,  and  it  is  certainly  twice  as  much  trouble 
to  handle  these  small  articles  as  tobacco.  This  legis- 
lation would  help  both  the  merchant  and  manufac- 
turer, as  the  farmer's  purchases  avv.  generally  only 
limited  by  his  purse.  Virginians  pay  warehouse 
men  about  $2,000,000  annually  for  selling  tobacco. 
A  warehouse  with  a  good  custom  is  a  veritable  gold 
mine.  Three  per  cent,  is  all  they  ought  to  be  allowed 
to  charge,  and  they  can  make  good  money  at  that. 

Mecl-Jenhurc]  Co.,  Va.  Tiros.  H.  Orgaitj. 

We  doubt  miich  whether  such  legislation  as  is  sug- 


gested woidd  be  desirable.  We  hold  strongly  to  the 
opinion  that  the  less  legislation  there  is  interfering 
with  the  free  choice  of  a  man  as  to  his  manner  of  con- 
ducting his  business  or  himself,  so  long  as  he  does  not 
injure  his  neighbor  by  his  conduct,  the  better  it  is  for 
all.  With  a  miiltiplicity  of  warehouses  such  as  now 
exist  free  competition  should  give  better  results  than 
limiting  the  opportunities  for  selling.  Why  should 
not  the  tobacco  growers  organize  themselves  into  an 
association  like  the  Sweet  Potato  growers  of  the  East- 
ern Shore  have  done  and  then  sell  their  own  produce 
in  their  own  warehoiises  on  their  own  terms.  If 
there  be  the  profit  in  conducting  warehouses,  which 
oiir  correspondent  asserts  there  should  be  no  difficulty 
in  doing  this.  Better  regulate  terms  of  business  by 
organization  than  by  legislation.  It  is  easier  done, 
and  they  can  then  be  altered  or  abolished  whenever 
desired  by  those  who  are  primarily  affected. — Ed. 


FARMING  AS  A  BUSINESS. 

(The  following  article  was  prepared  and  read  be- 
fore a  recent  Farmers'  Institute  at  the  Agricultural 
College,  Miss.,  by  Itfr.  W.  P.  Mercier,  of  Centreville, 
IMiss.  Mr.  !^^ercier  is  an  old  time  subscriber  to  and 
reader  of  Tue  Sottthern  Plaxtee.  and  a  successful 
farmer  and  business  man.) 
Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen: 

The  most  hopeful  sign  cf  the  times,  from  an  agri- 
cultural standpoint,  is  the  general  recognition  by 
thinking  men  of  the  importance  and  necessity  of 
brains  in  our  farming  classes.  The  old  theory  that 
any  fool  can  farm,  and  when  any  one  fails  in  another 
calling  he  may  take  up  farming  and  succeed,  is  now 
regarded  as  an  insult  to  the  farmers.  Farming,  as  a 
business,  was  instituted  by  the  Creator  Himself.  It 
has  been  recognized  as  an  indispensable  and  import- 
ant occupation  by  the  greatest  men.  Put  it  is  only 
recently  that  farming  has  begun  to  take  precedence 
over  the  professions.  We,  as  farmers,  should  never 
be  satisfied  with  anything  short  of  the  leading  place 
for  it ;  for  upon  its  successful  pursuit  all  other  call- 
ings must  of  necessity  depend  for  their  very  existence. 
Farming  as  a  business  is  fast  attracting  the  attention 
of  our  greatest  thinkers  and  financiers,  and  we  re- 
joice to  see  numbers  of  our  brainest  young  men  re- 
maining upon  the  farm  and  putting  forth  all  their 
energies  to  build  up  this  long  neglected  vocation. 
The  s\iccessful  farmer  is  now  looked  upon  as  the 
shrewdest  business  man  of  his  neighborhood.  This 
is  just  to  his  ability,  as  no  other  occupation  requires 
so  broad  a  range  of  strictly  business  forethought  and 
mental  work  in  the  general  arrangement  of  its  plans. 
Nothing  else  offers  such  a  great  opportunity  for  the 
development  of  a  truly  great  business  career. 


v.io:l.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


709 


We  believe  there  is  no  other  place  on  earth  to  be 
compared  with  the  farm  in  our  beautiful  South-land, 
and  especially  in  the  State  of  Mississippi  for  oppor- 
tunities and  inducements  to  any  thorough-going  busi- 
ness-seeking young  men.  Farmers,  as  a  class,  are 
fast  commanding  the  respect  of  the  world,  and  are 
rapidly  taking  their  places  along  with  the  most  ad- 
vanced men  of  our  time,  intellectually,  socially  and 
financially.  Therefore  we  are  called  upon  to  put 
forth  e\'ery  effort  and  to  assume  the  lead  in  all  tha 
affairs  of  State  Avhich  the  natural  position  of  our 
business  requires  of  iis. 

To  insiire  the  greater  success  for  our  young  men, 
they  should  have  a  thorough  course  in  an  agricultiiral 
college,  where  the  theory  as  well  as  practice  of  mod- 
ern scientific  farming  may  be  learned.  In  the  case 
of  older  men,  whose  circumstances  and  environments 
preclude  the  possibility  of  such  a  course  of  study,  we 
recommend  the  careful  reading  of  several  good  farm 
papers  along  with  the  various  Experiment  Station 
bulletins  from  our  own  State  institution  and  from 
the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  at 
Washington.  By  all  means  they  should  attend  the 
farmers'  meetings,  foremost,  and,  we  think,  the  most 
successful  of  which  are  Farmers'  Institutes,  which 
have  recently  become  so  popular  throughout  the  coun- 
try. These  institutes  are  now  held  at  various  points 
through  the  State,  so  there  is  scarcely  a  farmer  who 
cannot  easily  attend  one  of  them.  No  one  can  attend 
a  session  without  coming  away  with  some  new  and 
useful  idea  about  some  part  of  his  farm  work.  We 
would,  however,  warn  the  college  graduate  of  the 
dangers  of  theoretical  farming  without  the  ability  to 
substitiite  at  any  and  all  times  the  more  staple  and 
reliable  art  of  practical  work.  We  have  found  from 
actual  experience  that  many  beautiful  theories  in 
farming  will  not  pan  out  in  practice,  and  unless  a 
man  has  common  sense  enough  to  choose  and  apjily 
practical  methods  in  conjunction  with  theories,  in  all 
farm  work  he  had  best  follow  something  else. 

The  ap]ilication  of  strictly  business  principles  to 
all  lines  of  farm  work  has  been,  and  still  is,  the  crying 
need  of  the  day.  We  can  no  longer  succeed  by  the 
old  slipshod  methods,  any  more  than  a  doctor  or  law 
yer  can  succeed  by  applying  the  methods  of  his  fore- 
fathers. Plans  should  be  laid  o^it  for  a  series  of 
years,  often  as  much  as  ten  years  ahead.  We  must, 
of  course,  be  governed  by  circumstances  in  the  ulti- 
mate carrying  o\it  of  these  plans.  Constant  changes 
and  revisions  must  be  made  to  meet  the  ever-changing 
demands  of  the  hour.  No  iron-clad  rules  can  be 
laid  down  for  any  branch  of  work  on  the  farm,  no 
more  than  any  one  medicine  can  be  prescribed  for  all 
diseases,  for  no  two  seasons  are  alike,  consequently 
what  would  be  good  one  year  in  working  a  crop  could 
not  be  done  at  all  the  next.  The  business  farmer 
must  know  when  and  how  to  prepare  and  cultivate  his 


soils.  Use  only  such  fertilizers,  and  in  such  quanti- 
ties, as  are  best  suited  to  each  crop.  Grow  the  crops 
that  require  the  least  expenditure  of  labor  and  money 
for  the  largest  profits.  Sell  what  one  makes  at  the 
liighest  price  and  buy  only  the  best  at  the  lowest 
prices  possible.  Raise  only  the  best  stock  and  these 
from  good  si>ecimens  of  the  chosen  breed.  Save 
evei-ything  grown  that  can  be  utilized  as  feed,  and  re- 
turn the  same  to  the  land  from  the  barnyard  and 
stables. 

Preserve  the  fertility  of  the  soil  regardless  of  other 
things,  for  upon  this  will  depend  final  success  or 
failure,  as  no  man  can  prosper  on  the  proceeds  of  a 
constantly  decreasing  capital.  Our  fai-m  lands  are 
our  only  capital.  If  we  study  our  business,  adopt 
the  best  known  methods,  grow  only  such  crops  and 
stock  as  will  give  the  greatest  returns  for  the  money 
and  labor  invested,  nothing  will  keep  us  from  attain- 
ing the  highest  ideal  in  farm  life.  The  mere  fact 
that  so  many  make  a  reasonable  success  at  farming  in 
the  old  Avay  is  conclusive  proof  that  no  other  occupa- 
tion imder  the  sun  is  so  sure  of  handsome  returns 
when  followed  upon  purely  biisiness  principles.  Sum 
up  the  drains  and  small  losses  on  the  farm  under  the 
ordinary  management,  and  we  can  readily  see  that  no 
other  business  could  sustain  half  the  loss  and  sxirvive. 

Another  serious  problem  facing  the  agricultural 
interest  of  our  State  and  country  is  that  of  labor.  It 
grows  scarcer  and  less  reliable  each  year.  This  can 
be  partially  met,  and  perhaps  successfully  so,  by  sub- 
stituting crops  that  can  be  grown  and  harvested  by 
the  use  of  improved  machinery,  and  turning  out  more 
of  our  thin  lands  to  pastures  for  growing  more  stock. 
The  farmer  who  first  foresees  and  adopts  this  plan 
will  live  to  rejoice  in  his  good  judgment.  There  can 
be  no  denying  the  fact  that  the  peaceable  and  siiccess- 
ful  employment  of  the  negro  as  our  only  farm  help 
will  soon  be  a  thing  of  the  past  unless  some  more 
stringent  laws  for  his  management  and  control  can  be 
devised. 

Diversified  crops  must  be  grown  to  insure  perma- 
nent prosperity.  The  man  who  has  something  to  sell 
at  all  seasons  of  the  year  can  always  be  pointed  out  in 
a  community  as  the  man  who  is  prospering.  He  soon 
learns  when  and  what  to  raise  for  sale.  He  biiys  the 
best  from  his  neighbor,  who,  through  ignorance  of  the 
market  or  carelessness  in  his  management,  is  glad  to 
sell  at  any  price  in  order  to  eke  out  a  mere  existence. 
The  well-informed  man  very  frequently  reaps  his 
greatest  profits  from  stock  and  other  produce  bought 
from  this  thriftless  neighbor  at  low  prices,  and  sold 
at  a  profit  when  such  produce  is  in  demand  at  the 
highest  market  prices.  Every  wide-awake  business 
farmer  keeps  books,  and  can  at  a  moment's  notice 
tell  what  crop  has  paid  a  profit  and  what  has  not. 
Strict  accounts  are  kept  of  every  business  transaction 
during  the  year,  so  when  the  season  for  balancing  ac- 


710 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[November 


counts  comes  up  he  can  see  where  he  stands  financially 
as  compared  with  the  year  before.  No  farm  can  be 
run  properly  without  a  system  of  good  bookkeeping, 
and  each  day's  transactions,  as  well  as  the  work,  kind 
of  weather,  and  anything  of  note  may  be  recorded. 
We  have  found  nothing  in  which  this  can  be  done  so 
concisely,  yet  correctly,  fully  and  conveniently,  as 
what  is  sold  as  the  Farmer's  account  book  and  farm 
record,  published  by  E.  A.  Brrhne  &  Sons,  Hansen, 
Neb.  This  book  is  handsomely  bound,  containing  a 
record  for  three  years.  It  is  ruled  off  and  arranged 
to  contain  any  and  everything  which  may  need  re- 
cording on  the  farm,  from  a  map  of  farm  to  the  small- 
est itemized  accounts  with  laborers  or  tenants.  At  the 
end  of  each  year  there  is  a  blank  for  balancing  up  the 
year's  account,  and  if  your  book  has  been  properly 
kept  it  is  only  a  few  hours'  work  to  give  a  detailed 
statement  of  the  entire  year,  from  which  can  be  easily 
drawn  conclusions  as  to  what  line  of  farming  is  most 
profitable  to  follow. 

While  we  have  heretofore,  as  a  State,  adhered  to 
the  all  cotton  plan,  except  in  a  few  communities,  it  is 
gratifying  to  note  the  growing  tendency  to  raise  other 
crops  enough  for  home  consumption  at  least.  We 
note  with  pleasure  that  where  the  change  from  all 
cotton  to  diversified  crops  has  been  greatest  there  is 
the  more  general  indication  of  thrift  and  prosperity 
among  the  people.  We  are  pre-eminently  a  cotton 
growing  State,  and  are  likely  to  continue  as  such  for 
years  to  come,  but  it  is  apparent  to  any  obseiwing 
farmer  that  we  can  raise  profitably  all  our  food  stuff 
and  plantation  suplies,  and  at  the  same  time  grow 
fust  as  many  hales  of  cotton  as  we  now  do  on  half  the 
land  now  devoted  to  growing  it.  We  admit  that  the 
high  price  of  cotton  now  has  a  tendency  to  make  us 
loose  our  heads  along  this  line,  but  if  we  stop  to  con- 
sider the  relative  high  prices  of  other  farm  products 
we  can  easily  see  that  many  other  things  can  be  grown 
at  a  much  greater  net  profit.  Take,  for  instance,  the 
price  of  meats  for  the  past  two  or  three  years,  and 
consider  how  cheaply  hogs  and  cattle  can  be  raised 
with  the  foods  to  finish  them  for  the  market,  and  we 
will  have  some  idea  of  the  bank  accoimts  we  might 
have  had  if  we  could  only  have  been  shrewd  enough 
and  had  nerve  enough  to  break  from  our  old  idols 
and  have  taken  up  the  new. 

We  have  a  neighbor  who  last  year  raised  $1,000 
worth  rice  on  16  acres  of  land  with  about  3  hours 
labor  each  day  from  the  time  of  planting  until  ready 
for  harvesting.  The  preparation  of  land  and  har- 
vesting was  done  with  'mproved  machinery  at  the 
minimum  cost.  After  ten  ^cing  his  land  he  had  only 
to  turn  a  creek  into  his  ditcl  ^s  to  irrigate  the  whole 
plat.  The  keeping  up  of  these  terraces  and  changing 
water  gates  wa.s  all  the  labor  needed  in  growing  the 
crop.  This  year  his  prospects  are  finer  than  last, 
with  the  additional  satisfaction  that  the  cost  of  labor 


has  been  still  further  reduced,  and  the  original  area 
enlarged.  The  same  party  raises  hogs  for  market  at 
a  cost  that  would  astonish  an  old  cotton  veteran.  You 
had  as  well  talk  to  this  man  about  flying  as  to  try  to 
induce  him  to  grow  cotton.  He  is  sharp  enough  to 
see  how  cheaply  he  can  grow  these  crops,  and  he  has 
easily  figured  what  it  cost  to  grow  cotton.  By  grow- 
ing these  crops  he  finds  time  to  improve  and  beautify 
his  farm  and  home,  and  he  is  not  rushed  to  death  12 
months  of  the  year  like  every  cotton  farmer. 

All  of  us  are  not  situated  to  grow  these  special 
crops  as  this  man,  but  many  of  us  are,  and  it  seems 
like  folly  not  to  raise  them  when  we  are  assured  that 
we  are  taking  little  risk  as  compared  with  cotton.  We 
must  not  fail  to  call  attention  to  the  bearing  organi- 
zations among  farming  commvinities  have  upon  their 
business  standing.  This  is  a  dav  of  organization 
and  counter  orgaiiizntion.  No  business  or  profession 
is  without  them,  and  when  every  one  adopts  a  thing 
there  must  be  some  good  derived  from  it.  The  far- 
mer cries  out  against  organizations  in  other  enter- 
prises, but  fails  to  realize  that  it  is  possible  for  him  to 
organize  into  a  body  that  could  defy  the  world.  Since 
we  have  trusts  and  combines  with  us,  and  they  are 
here  to  stay,  would  it  not  be  a  sensible  proposition 
for  us  to  stop  complaining  and  play  them  at  their 
own  games  ?  If  we  will  combine  properly,  it  is  in 
our  power  to  regulate  freight  rates,  taxation,  buy  and 
sell  our  products  at  wholesale,  thereby  cutting  out 
the  questionable  profits  of  middlemen  and  commis- 
sion men.  We  could  fix  a  uniform  and  reasonable 
Y>vice  on  oiir  farm  products,  and  in  hundreds  of  other 
ways  take  our  business  affairs  into  our  own  hands. 
This  would  stop  every  other  vocation  from  fleecing 
us,  and  we  would  cease  to  hear  the  cry  of  oppression 
from  the  agricultural  part  of  our  land.  We  read  of 
where  combines  among  farmers  in  the  West  have 
resulted  in  great  benefit  Avhere  they  have  handled  all 
their  business  themselevs.  In  some  instances  they 
have  actiially  run  the  trust  out  of  business.  This 
only  serves  to  illustrate  the  power  we  could  exert  by- 
combined  effort.  But  as  long  as  we  are  cursed  by 
the  credit  system  in  vogue  throughout  the  South  we 
need  not  hope  for  financial  freedom.  This  evil  can 
be  eradicated  by  us,  and  until  we  arouse  ourselves 
along  this  line  and  begin  to  examine  into  the  busi- 
ness principles  which  underlie  our  farming  interest 
we  need  not  expect  the  imiversal  prosperity  and  good- 
will which  might  reign  supreme  among  us.. 

It  is  a  generally  accepted  theory  that  we  have  not 
sufficient  capital  at  command  to  develop  our  agricul- 
tural interests  to  the  highest  degree.  All  of  us  real- 
ize how  handicaped  any  farmer  is  without  sufficient 
money  at  hand  to  carry  out  hia  best  plans  and  ideas  to 
a  successful  business  end.  We  must  demonstrate  to 
those  who  have  money  to  invest  that  there  is  no  busi- 
ness that  returns  sitch  sure  profita  on  the  investment, 


iy03.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


-/ll 


when  properly  managed,  as  farming.  When  we  suc- 
ceed in  establishing  this  fact  to  the  satisfaction  of 
the  moneyed  men  of  the  country  we  will  have  no  fur- 
ther tronble  in  rinding  plenty  of  money  at  cheap 
rates  of  interest  to  be  loaned  on  good  farm  security. 
When  we  consider  that  often  onr  crops  are  cut  off  50 
per  cent,  in  one  year,  and  that  frequently  we  suffer 
losses  in  stock  and  property  that  would  bankrupt  *ny 
other  line  of  business,  there  shoiild  not  be  any  great 
difliculty  in  proving  to  the  capitalists  of  our  country 
that  no  security  is  so  good  or  certain  for  a  term  of 
years  as  a  good  farm  with  a  wide-awake,  business- 
like farmer  in  control.  W.  B.  ^Meecier. 
CentreriUe.  Miss. 


A  CHANCE  FOR  AMERICAN  FARMERS— MONEY  IN 
GOATSKINS. 

A  new  industry  is  offering  itself  to  the  farmers  of 
the  United  States.  The  fact  that  twenty-five  million 
dollars'  worth  of  goatskins  are  now  annually  import- 
ed into  the  United  States,  and  that  her  enterprising 
manufacturers  are  obliged  to  send  halfway  around 
the  world  for  a  large  share  of  them,  suggests  that  the 
farmers  of  the  country  have  a  gi-eat  opportunity  to 
put  a  large  share  of  this  siim  into  their  pockets. 

A  statement  just  presented  by  the  Department  of 
Commerce  and  Labor  shows  that  importations  of  goat- 
skins into  the  L^'nited  States  are  now  running  at  the 
rate  of  twenty-five  million  dollars  per  annum,  and 
that  a  large  share  of  these  are  brought  from  India, 
China,  Arabia  and  southeastern  Russia.  The  in- 
creasing popularity  of  certain  classes  of  kid  leather 
for  footwear,  as  well  as  gloves,  has  increased  very 
greatly  the  demand  for  goatskins  in  the  United  States 
within  recent  years.  In  1885  the  value  of  goatskins 
imported  was  about  four  million  dollars;  by  1890  it 
had  grown  to  nine  millions,  by  18'>8  it  was  fifteen 
millions,  in  1900  it  was  twenty-two  millions,  and  in 
TOO."  twenty-five  millions,  in  round  numbers. 

Of  this  large  sum  of  money  sent  out  of  the  country 
to  purchase  goatskins,  .seven  million  dollars  went  to 
India,  nearly  two  millions  to  China,  two  and  one-half 
millions  to  France,  two  and  one-half  millions  to  Rus- 
sia, one  and  one-half  millions  to  Brazil,  one  million 
to  Argentina,  and  another  million  to  Arabia.  From 
India,  wh'ch  took  less  than  five  million  dollars'  worth 
of  merchandise  of  all  kinds  from  the  United  States 
last  year,  and  has  increased  her  purchases  from  us 
less  than  two  million  dollars  in  a  decade,  we  have  in- 
creased our  importations  of  goatskins  alone  from  two 
million  dollars  in  1892  to  seven  and  one-half  million 
dollars  in  1902.  From  Brazil,  which  has  reduced  her 
imports  from  the  TTnited  vStates  from  fifteen  million 
dollars  in  1895  to  ten  million  dollars  in  1903,  our 
purchases  of  goatskins  last  year  were  one  and  one- 
half  million  dollars.     France,   Russia,   the  United 


Kingdom,  Tiirkcy  in  Europe  and  Turkey  in  Asia, 
Arabia,  China,  southern  Africa,  Argentina  and  Mex- 
ico also  contribute  liberally  to  the  supply  of  goatskins 
to  make  up  the  twenty-five  million  dollars'  worth  of 
this  product  brought  into  the  United  States  annually. 
The  farmers  of  the  United  States  are  apparently 
making  no  effort  to  reap  any  part  of  this  golden  har- 
vest for  themselves.  The  census  of  1900  showed  the 
total  number  goats  in  the  United  States  to  be  less  than 
two  millions,  and  when  it  is  understood  that  the  skins 
of  probably  twenty  million  goats  were  required  to 
make  the  twenty-five  million  dollars'  worth  imported 
last  year,  it  would  be  seen  that  the  siipply  from  the 
United  States  could  have  formed  but  a  small  share 
of  the  total  consumption.  Yet  the  fact  that  a  large 
share  of  our  supply  of  this  important  import  comes 
from  India,  China,  France  and  Mexico  siiggests  that 
there  are  large  areas  in  the  United  States  which  might 
produce  goats  successfully,  and  in  sufiiciently  large 
numbers  to  siipply  the  entire  home  demand. 


GOOD  ROADS. 


Why  FariMi:rs  Shoult)  Favor  Government  Co- 
operation. 
By  Col.  J.  B.  Killebrew. 
The  rapidity  with  which  the  sentiment  in  favor  of 
Tiational  aid  to  the  common  roads  of  the  country  has 
spread,  and  the  eagerness  with  which  the  proposition 
is  welcomed  since  the  introduction  of  the  Brownlow 
bill  in  Congress  have  not  only  been  highly  gratifying 
to  the  friends  of  the  measure,  but  surprising  and  as- 
tonishing to  its  opponents.  The  truth  is,  the  great 
body  of  the  farmers  of  the  land  are  slow  in  demand- 
ing what  they  are  justly  entitled  to.  Had  the  same 
necessity  as  the  want  of  good  roads  among  farmers 
existed  in  relation  to  the  manufacturing,  mining  or 
commercial  interests  of  the  country,  sttch  a  necessity 
would  liave  long  since  been  recognized  and  met  by 
adequate  appropriations  from  Congress.  The  tillers 
of  tlie  soil  do  not  work  for  their  own  advancement- 
By  the  census  of  1900  the  whole  ntimber  of  people 
above  the  age  of  ten  years  engaged  in  gainful  occu- 
pations in  the  ['nited  States  was  29,074,117.  Of 
this  number  10,381,765  were  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits.  No  other  specified  occupation  employs  so 
many.  The  manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits 
employ  7,085,992  persons;  trade  and  transportation, 
4,766,964,  and  professional  service,  1,258,739.  And 
yet,  the  farmers  of  the  country,  that  contribute  more 
to  its  permanent  prosperity  than  all  other  classes 
combined,  have  the  smallest  amotint  of  consideration 
in  the  matter  of  Congressional  appropriations.  In 
all  the  history  of  the  past  legislation  of  the  country 


712 


THE  SOUTHEKX  PLAXTER. 


[November 


but  few  efforts  have  been  made  to  equalize  the  benefits 
of  Congressional  appropriations.  Until  the  rural 
mail  routes  were  established  a  citizen  living  in  the 
country  rarely  received  direct  benefits  from  the  money 
expended  by  the  general  government,  except  that  for 
ihe  agricultural  department. 

The  commerce  of  the  country  felt  the  exuberance 
of  fresh  and  lusty  life  and  vigor  from  the  improve- 
ment of  the  rivers  and  harbors,  but  this  exuberance 
would  have  been  vastly  increased  had  half  the  money 
appropriated  for  rivers  and  harbors  been  applied  to 
aid  in  the  improvement  and  maintenance  of  the  pub- 
lic roads,  the  very  foundation  of  commerce. 

Tt  must  not  be  imagined  that  anyone  proposes  that 
the  government  shall  enter  upon  the  ■work  of  building 
public  highways  without  the  co-operation  of  the 
State,  county  or  other  political  sub-division.  The 
policy  of  the  government  should  be  to  help  these  com- 
mimities  that  help  themselves:  to  stimiilate  action 
■and  enterprise  rather  than  to  repress  it  by  appro- 
priating monev  to  those  communities  that  do  nothing 
for  themselves. 


One  of  the  first  things  that  will  be  attempted  will 
be  to  reduce  the  acreage  cultivated  in  tobacco.  This 
will  have  to  be  done  by  a  general  and  uniform  sys- 
tem, so  that  no  more  tobacco  will  be  raised  than  is 
required  each  year.  It  is  intended  to  hold  a  state 
meeting  in  Danville  some  time  in  Xovember,  to  be  at- 
tended by  delegates  from  all  the  tobacco  growing 
coimties  in  Virginia,  when  an  effort  will  be  made  to 
devise  some  iiniform  plan  of  work  throughout  the 
state. — American  Afjrintlfurist. 


Grass  for  Name. 

I  enclose  a  sprig  of  grass  like  I  sent  some  time  ago 
when  you  advised  me  to  send  you  a  seed  pod  and 
bloom.  I  could  not  send  it  sooner  as  it  is  only  just 
blooming  out  no^v.  Please  state  in  your  next  issue 
what  it  is  and  if  it  is  of  any  value.  J.  G.  Cox. 

Carroll  county,  Va. 

The  grass  is  one  of  the  "Ximble-wills"  (Muhlen- 
hergia  Mexicana).  It  is  a  native  perennial  of  the 
Eastern  United  States.  It  is  a  very  late  grass  not 
especially  relished  by  stock  and  of  little  economic 
>ahie. — Eo. 


A  CORN  EXHIBIT. 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Virginia  St.  Louis  Ex- 
position Committee  it  was  decided  to  make  a  com  ex- 
hibit of  not  less  than  one  thousand  bushels  in  the  ear. 

As  an  aid  in  locating  fine  corn  crops  and  to  stimu- 
late interest  in  this  exhibit,  the  commission  will  give 
$20  as  a  prize  for  the  best  'lOO  ears  sent  in  by  any 
competitor  with  the  understanding  that  all  competing 
exhibits  are  to  be  donated  to  the  corn  exhibits. 

C^ompeting  corn  should  be  shipped  in  tight  boxes  or 
barrels  to  George  E.  INrurrell,  superintendent.  Xo.  14 1 
Governor  .street.  Kichmond,  Va.,  C.  O.  D..  by  freight, , 
on  or  before  December  1  st  of  this  year.  | 

(.^orn  exhibits  of  from  one  bushel  of  ears  to  a  flour 
barrel  full  of  a  kind,  and  of  as  many  varieties  as 
possible  are  desired.  And  as  Virginia  has  a  fine 
crop,  it  is  ho])ed  that  corn  growers,  whether  compet- 
ing or  not,  will  send  in  shipments  which  in  each  case 
must  bear  the  grower's  name,  and  thus  by  united 
effort  show  what  Virginia  can  do  in  this  line. 


How  to  Get  Rid  of  Fleas. 

Subscriber,  Wythe  county,  Va.,  asks  how  to  get  rid 
of  fleas.  As  the  domestic  animals,  especially  dogs 
and  cats,  furnish  the  principal  supply  to  the  house, 
it  is  necessary  to  keep  such  animals  clean  of  fleas, 
which  can  be  done  by  applying  oil  of  pennyroyal 
liberally  in  their  fur.  Stand  the  animal  to  be  treated 
on  a  large  sheet  of  paper  so  as  to  catch  the  fleas  as 
they  fall  off.  Then  roll  the  paper  up  closely  and 
burn  immediately.  Work  rapidly,  as  the  fleas  soon 
revive  after  falling  off  the  animal. 

Frederick  HuTrmsox,  M.  D. 

Loudoun  Co..  Tn. 


VIRGINIA  TOBACCO  GROWERS  TRYING  TO  OR- 
GANIZE. 

.V  large  number  of  tobacco  growers  and  business 
men  met  recently  at  Boydton,  in  the  court-house, 
and  organized  a  tobacco  growers'  protective  associa- 
tion. Two  organizers  were  appointed  who  will  or- 
ganize associations  in  every  section  of  the  county  and 
endeavor  to  induce  80  per  cent,  of  the  tobacco  grow- 
■^rs  to  pledge  themselves  to  abide  by  the  rules  and  reg- 
rlations  of  the  officers  of  the  association. 


THE  EGG  LAYING  CONTEST. 
Australian  hens  are  still  being  beaten  on  their  own 
gr<mnd  by  the  three  pens  of  American  fowls  which 
Afiller  Purvis,  of  Chicago,  caused  to  be  entered  in  the 
egg  laying  competition  at  the  Hawkesbury  Agricul- 
tural College,  near  Sydney.  Seventy  pens  of  six 
hens  each  .ire  competing.  Tt  is  learned  that  the  in- 
vading flocks  hold  first,  third  and  seventh  places  in 
the  competition,  which  was  started  last  Ajiril  and  will 
continue  until  IMarch.  With  a  record  of  270  eggs  in 
the  first  four  months,  six  hens  from  Xebraska  lead 
their  nearest  Australian  competitors  by  thirty  eggs. 
.\t  the  end  of  the  present  contest,  another  competition 
will  be  inaugurated  with  100  pens  entered — ten  from 
the  United  States,  ten  from  England,  three  from 
Canada,  three  from  Xew  Zealand  and  the  rest  from 
-Xustralia. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERISr  PLANTER 


713 


THE 

Southern  Planter 

PUBLISHED  BY 

THE  SOUIII[RII  PIANIER  PUBLISHING  OOMPT. 

RICHMOND,    VA. 

Issued  on  1st  of  each  Month. 


J.  F.  JACKSON, 

Editor  and  General  Manager. 

B.  MORGAN  SHEPHERD, 

Business  Manaoeb. 


TERMS  FOR  ADVERTISING. 
Rate  card  furnished  on  application. 


TERMS  FOR  SUBSCRIPTION. 

THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER  is  mailed  to 
subscribers  In  tbe  United  States  and  Canada 
at  50c.  per  annum;  all  foreign  countries  and 
the  city  of  Richmond,  75c. 

REMITTANCES  should  be  made  direct  to 
this  ofllce,  either  by  Registered  Letter  or 
Money  Order,  which  will  be  at  our  rlslc.  When 
made  otherwise  we  cannot  be  responsible. 

ALWAYS  GIVE  THE  NAME  of  the  Post- 
Offlce  to  which  your  paper  is  sent.  Tour 
name  cannot  be  found  on  our  books  unless 
this  is  done. 

WE  INVITE  FARMERS  to  write  us  on  any 
agricultural  topic.  We  are  always  pleased  to 
receive  practical  articles.  Criticism  of  Arti- 
cles, Suggestions  How  to  Improve  THE 
PLANTER.  Descriptions  of  New  Grains, 
Roots,  or  Vegetables  not  generally  known, 
Particulars  of  Experiments  tried,  or  Improved 
Methods  of  Cultivation  are  each  and  ail  wel- 
come. Contributions  sent  us  must  not  be 
furnished  other  papers  until  after  they  have 
appeared  in  our  columns.  Rejected  matter 
will  be  returned  on  receipt  of  postage. 

SUBSCRIBERS  failing  to  receive  their  paper 
promptly  and  regularly,  will  confer  a  favor 
by  reporting  the  fact  at  once. 

THE  DATE  ON  YOUR  LABEL  shows  to 
what  time  your  subscription  is  paid. 

NO  ANONYMOUS  communications  or  en- 
quiries will  receive  attention. 

Address—  THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 

RICHMOND,   VA. 


DETAIL  INDEX  TO  ENQUIRER'S 
COLUMN. 

Unsigned  Enquiries   690 

Yield  of  Seed  of  Common  Clover — 
Clover  Hullers— Ticks  on  Cattle.  090 

Keeping  Sausage   690 

The  Use  of  Mineral  Fertilizers...   691 
Money  Crop  in  Fairfax  County,  Va.  691 
Texas  Fever  Ticks — Hollow  Tail .  .   691 
Fertilizer   for   Irish   Potatoes,   To- 
bacco,   Cotton,    Asparagus    and 

Corn    692 

Grape  Vines  Diseased 692 

Ice  Supply  ''9- 


SWEET  POT.^TOES. 
I  have  reasons  for  believing  that  at 
least  a  portion  of  the  orders  for  my 
sweet  potato  pamphlet  failed  to  reach 
me.  Therefore  any  person  whose  or- 
der has  not  been  properly  filled,  will 
please  address  me  at  Carthage,  N.  C. 
BRYAN  TYSON. 


PUBLISHER'S  NOTES. 


TOADVERTISERS. 


All  advertisements  and  matter 
pertaining  to  advertising  must 
reach  us  by  the  25th  of  each 
month.     Please  bear  this  in  mind. 


Liberal  Subscription  Offer. 

To  induce  non-readers  of  the 
Southern  Pi,-\nter  to  become 
subscribers,  we  beg  to  announce 
that  all  new  subscriptions  received 
between  this  time  and  December 
1st  will  be  given  tbe  remaining 
numbers  of  this  year  free.  In 
other  words,  50  cents  will  pay  for 
a  subscription  from  now  until  De- 
cember 31, 1904. 

Our  regular  subscribers,  upon 
whom  we  have  called  so  many 
times,  will  confer  a  favor,  which 
will  be  reciprocated  at  any  time, 
if  they  will  bring  this  offer  to  the 
notice  of  their  friends  who  are  not 
subscribers  to  the  Southern 
Planter. 


WHERE      HE      CROSSED      THE 
EQUATOR. 

As  one  of  the  very  few  occasions 
when  the  wit  of  Rufus  Choate  was 
foiled,  an  incident  is  recalled  when 
that  brilliant  lawyer  was  examining 
one  Dick  Barton,  chief  mate  of  the 
ship  "Challenge."  Choate  had  cross- 
examined  him  for  over  an  hour,  hurl- 
ing questions  with  the  speed  of  a 
rapid-fire  gun. 

"Was  there  a  moon  that  night?" 

"Yes,  sir." 

"Did  you  see  it?" 

"No,  sir." 

"Then  how  did  you  know  there  was 
a  moon?" 

"The  'Nautical  Almanac"  said  so, 
and  I'll  believe  that  sooner  than  any 
lawyer  in  the  world." 

"Be  civil,  sir.     And  now  tell  me  in 
what     latitude     and     longitude     you 
I   crossed  the  equator?" 

"Ah,  you  are  joking." 

"No,  sir,  I'm  in  earnest  and  I  desire 
an  answer." 

"Indeed.  You  a  chief  mate  and  un- 
able to  answer  so  simple  a  question!" 

"Yes,  the  simplest  question  I  ever 
was  asked.  I  thought  ever  a  fool  of 
a  lawyer  knew  there's  no  latitude  at 
the  equator." — Success. 


WO  OP'S    SEE  p  S  ■ 

November  is  tKe  best 
time  to  plant 

Hyacinths,  Tulips, 
Lilies,  Crocus 

and  other  Spring  Flow= 
ering  Bulbs. 

We  carry  full  and  com- 
plete stocks  of  all  the  best 
varieties.  Our  Fall  Cata- 
logue gives  descriptions, 
prices  and  tells  how  to  plant. 

Catalogue  mailed  FREE. 
Write  for  it. 

T.  W.  WOODS  &  SONS, 

SEEDSMEN,      Richmond,  Va. 


"How  to  Grow  Paper-Shell  Pecans," 

FREE.  Best  varieties  in  U  S.  True  to 
variety.  Cions  cut  from  bearing  trees  by 
member  of  firm.  Full  descriptive  Cata- 
logue of  ALL  FRUIT  trees,  free 

B.  W.STONE  &  CO.,  Thomasville,  Ga. 

Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute 

STATE  AGRICULTURAL  AND  MECHANICAL  COLLEGE 

at  Blacksburg.  Va., 

A  SOUTHERN  INSTITUTE  OF  TECHNOLOGY. 

Fnrty-flve  instructors.  Thoroughly  equip- 
ped shops,  laboratories  and  Infrmary.  Farm 
of  four  hundred  acres.  Steam  heating  aid 
electric  lishts  in  dormitories.  Degree  course! 
in  Agriculture.  Horticulture,  Civil,  Mechani- 
cal and  Electrical  Engineering,  Applied 
Chemistry  and  General  Science.  Shorter 
courses  in  Practical  Agriculture  and  Practi- 
cal Mechanics.  Total  cost  of  session  of  Dine 
months,  including  tuition  and  other  fees, 
board,  washing,  text-books,  medical  attend- 
ance, etc..  about  $195.  Cost  to  State  studenti 
about  $165.  Session  began  September  ii.  1903. 
For  catalogue  and  other  Information,  apply 
to 

J.  M.  McBRYDE,  Ph.  D.,  LL.  D.,  Preildeot. 


Alfalfa  Bacteria 
Infected  Soil 

Can  be  obtained  from  Ewell  Farm  Ex 
perimental  Plot  A  perfect  stand  three 
vears  of  age,  abundantly  supplied  with 
root  nodules.  Price  $1.00  per  2  bus. 
l)urlap  bag.  weight  about  150  lbs.,  f  o.  b. 
Ewell's  Station,  Tenn. 
GEO.  CAMPBELL  BKOWN, 

Spring  Hill  Tenn. 


714 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[November 


There  is  more  catarrh  in  this  section 
of  the  country  than  all  other  diseases 
put  together,  and  until  the  last  few 
years  was  supposed  to  be  incurable. 
For  a  great  many  years  doctors  pro- 
nounced it  a  local  disease,  and  pre- 
scribed local  remedies,  and  by  con- 
stantly failing  to  cure  with  local  treat- 
ment, pronounced  it  incurable.  Sci- 
ence has  proven  catarrh  to  be  a  consti- 
tutional disease,  and  therefore  requires 
constitutional  treatment.  Hall's  Ca- 
tarrh Cure,  manufactured  by  F.  .T.  Che- 
ney &  Co.,  Toledo,  Ohio,  is  the  only 
constitutional  cure  on  the  market.  It 
is  taken  internally  in  doses  from  10 
drops  to  a  teaspoonful.  It  acts  direct- 
ly on  the  blood  and  mucous  surfaces 
of  the  system.  They  offer  one  hundred 
dollars  for  any  case  it  fails  to  cure. 
Send  for  circulars  and  testimonials. 

Address,      F.  J.  CHENEY  &  CO., 

Sold  by  Druggists,  75c.     Toledo,  O. 

Hall's  Family  Pills  are  the  best. 


WITH  THE  ADVERTISERS. 

The  Blackman  Stock  Remedy  Co. 
advertise  their  well-known  goods  In 
another  column.  Look  up  the  ad.  and 
send  for  descriptive  circulars. 

T.  0.  Sandy  is  advertising  Holstein 
bulls  and  heifers  elsewhere  in  this 
Issue.  He  has  a  particularly  choice 
lot  of  heifers  which  are  now  ready  to 
go. 

The  Imperial  Fruit  and  Stock  Farm 
has  a  choice  offering  of  poultry  in  this 
number.  Look  up  the  half  page  ad. 
and  get  some  of  these  bargains. 

The  Weber,  Jr.,  Gasoline  Engine  Is 
advertised  regularly  in  our  columns 
by  its  makers. 

Look  up  the  ad.  of  Glen  Rock  Woolen 
Mills.     It  will  interest  you. 

Macbeth  is  advertising  his  well- 
known  lamp  chimneys  on  another 
page. 

"Hogology"  is  the  title  of  a  book 
that  Dr.  Haas  would  like  to  send  to 
all  of  our  readers.     Refer  to  his  ad. 

The  Breeder's  Gazette  has  a  full 
page  ad.  in  this  issue.  This  is  t!ie  bpst 
live  stock  paper  published,  and  we  can 
furnish  it  along  with  the  Soi;thebn 
PI..VNTER  for  $2.00. 

The  Annandale  Dairy  Farm  desires 
to  purchase  some  nice  dairy  cattle. 

Dr.  H.  H.  Lee  is  advertising  his 
Silver  Laced  Wyandot.tes. 

Andersch  Bros,  will  buy  all  of  your 
furs,  skins  and  pelts.     Look  up  the  ad. 

Fleming  Bros.,  chemists,  of  Chicago, 
have  renewed  their  ad.  for  another 
year,  and  their  well-known  remedies 
should  be  kept  on  hand  by  all  farmers. 

The  Cahoon  Seed  Sower  is  adver- 
tised by  the  Goodell  Co. 

The  Woolson  Spice  Co.,  makers  of 
Lyon  Coffee,  have  a  card  in  this  issiie. 

The  O.  S.  Kelly  Co.  resume  advertis- 
ing in  this  Issue.  The  Kelly  Duplex 
Feed  Mill  Is  their  offering. 

The  Chattanooga  Nurseries  are  a 
new  advertiser  in  this  number.  This 
firm  comes  to  us  well  recommended, 
and  our  readers  should  look  into  their 
stock  before  purchasing  elsewhere. 


'  FIREARMs'^W 

Protect  the  Farm  and  Teach  us  to  Love  '^ 

and  live  in  the  great  "out-of-doors."      We  make  firearms  for 
every  purpose  suitable  for  boy  or  man,  from  $2.50  to  gi 50.00. 

Send  for  Our  Free  Book 


recommend  Especially 
Our  Rifles 

"Stevens-Maynard,  Jr."    $3 

"Crack  Shot"  $4 

"Favorite,"  No.  17  $6 

If  your  dealer  won't    supply  you 

—send    to    us.    We  will   sell   to 

you  by  mail,  express  paid. 


J.Stevens  Arms  &T00I  Co.WM  Main  Street 

"^^  _y-_  CHICOPEE  FALLS  ,  MASS. 


of  128  pages,  which  tells  about  the 
"Stevens"— gives  pictures  and  prices. 
Contains  interesting  articles  on  Hunt- 
ing, Canoeing,  Target  Shooting,  etc. 

PII77I  F  *  <:'«ver  Rifle  Puzzle  will 
rucCkE  be  mailed  postpaid  for  4C, 
in  stamps.   It  is  lots  of  fun— "easy 
when  you  know  ho\v" — but  ev- 
eryone can't  solve  it.  Can  you  ? 


9  CORDS  IH  to  HQgRS  BY  OHE  WAH 

RUNS  EASY;  NO  BACKACHE.  ,  ^EASILY  CARRIED.   5AW5  DOWN  TREES  | 


.M  ui.'hinc*  Saws  any  kind  of  timber.  Initanl  1y  ailJuBtcd  to  cut  log^  square  on  rough 
ays  s'.ancJs  stralchL  One  man  can  saw  more  with  it  than  two  men  c.inin  any  other  way, 
and  do  it  caller.  Saw  blades  .'I;,  r..  <;i^  or  7  ft.  lonir.  Champion,  Itlamond  or  Lnnce  Teeth,  to  suit  your  timber. 
GUARANTEE-— If  any  part  breaks  within  t&rcc  .veors,  we  will  send  a  new  mrt  without  oharffe.  Send  for  Freo 
CatBloe  showing' latent  Improvement  (»,  pi  vim:  testimonials  frcn  thousands.    J'ret  order  Bcciirei*  oprency. 

FOLDING  SAWING  MACHINE  CO.,  65-67-69  N.  Jefferson  St.,  Chicago,  Illinois. 


MAJESTIC  t^  SHELLER. 

Tlis  labor-saving  machine  meets  tbt^  imperative  denmuds  of 

iarpe  fanners,  feed  stores,  mills  and  elevator  men.  It  is  furnished 

either  mounted  or  unmounted  with  wa^on  box  elevator 

or  double  sacking  elevator  as  illustrated.    Its  capacity  is 

75  to  1 00  Bushels  An  Hour. 

The  mounted  sheller  is  peculiarly  adapted  to  carrying  on 

,._  aprofitable  neit^hburhood  business  in  custom  shelling.    Itwillnot 

^  choke,  is  perfect  working  io  sacking  and  feeding  attachments. 

Built  for  long,  efiflcient  service  and  fidly  guaranteed.    We  make  20 

styles  of  shellers,  both  hand  and  power.    Ask  f..'r  free  catAlogue. 

KEYSTONE   FARM   MACHINE  CO..    15B4   N.   Beavor  St.,   York,   Pa. 


TSMi:!.] 


THE  SOUTHE  RJN'  PLANTER. 


715 


You  Try  It. 


It  costs  nothing.  Re- 
turn at  our  expense  if 
thlsmUl  faUa  to  gilnd 


New  Holland  Mills 


are  the  practical,  every  day  mills  for  every 
day  wants.  No  other  good  mill  at  so  low  a 
price.  MadelQS  Mzes.  Adapted  to  any  kind 
of  power.  Don't  fail  to  get  our  free  catalogue 
before  buying. 

NEW     HOLLAND     MACHINE     CO.. 
BoK   1 63.  New  Holtand,  Pa. 


6 


ASheller   a 
That    Shells^ 

clean  and  lasts  long:,  /fe 
It's  one  of  many  pat  f\Jk 
terns  (you  probably  ^ 
recognize  it)  of  famous 

FREEMAN  ^ 

Corn  Shellers.      ^ 

Ovir  little  book  shows  and  describes  Jh 
them  all.  Write  for  it.  Windinills,  Feed  &A 
Cutters,  Wood  Saws,  etc.,  shipped  ^^ 
straight  trom  factory.    Ask  for  catalog  110     *, 

S.  Freeman  &  Sons  Mfg.  Co.,  /['I 

Racln«,  Wisconsin.  IS? 

B  ^  '^  ^  ^  <s^ 


KELLY 


DUPLEX 

Grinding     Mills. 

tfxhey  neverchoke.  DouMe  cob 

^  g  ve  greatest  speed.    Take  lit- 

„  ....,  ^  ...irstrongand  durable.  Isizes.  Catalog  Iree. 

6.  S.  KELLY  CO.,  Springfield,  Ohio. 


FRY  THIS  MILL 
15  davs  to  prove  that  it  grinds  meal  or  feed, 
ear  Com  and  small  prralii a.  faster  and  bettei 
I  than  any  other.  If  it  doesn't,  returnat  our  expen:?e 


Monarch  Milk 


Meet  every  farm  need. 
Buy  none  until  you  pet 
the  Monarch  catalogue. 
Sprout  VValdronA  Co. 

Box  202.      Muncy,  Pe. 


HEEBNER'S    FEED    CUTTERS. 


eUat  uid  Ptnnk.  TbtMh.rf,  Wood  S.w,,  F,.d  MU1«,  .to.  CUlof  fTM. 

HEEBKER  A  BOS  8.  86  Broad  St..  I.an.d«le.  Pb. 


The  Snoddy  Remedy  Co.  has  a  card 
in  another  column  offering  its  Hog 
Cholera  Cure.  Our  readers  should  In- 
vesti,gate  this  offer. 

Mr.  G.  Norris  Watson  is  a  new  ad- 
vertiser in  this  issue.  He  has  some 
nice  stock  at  reasonable  prices  and 
guarantees  satisfaction. 

The  Hawlveye  Incubator  advertising 
starts  up  with  this  number.  This  com- 
pany makes  a  good  machine  and  would 
like  to  send  its  catalogue  to  any  poul- 
tryman  interested. 

The  Glen  Allen  Stock  Farm  is  offer- 
ing some  choice  Angus  cattle.  Look 
up  the  ad.  and  write  to  Mr.  W.  P.  Al- 
len, the  proprietor,  for  prices  and 
breeding. 

Another  new  advertiser  in  this  issue 
is  D.  B.  Hendricks  &  Co.,  who  have  a 
very  meritorious  hay  press  with  which 
they  would  like  to  acquaint  our  read- 
ers. 

The  Reliable  Incubator  and  Booder 
Co.  starts  the  season's  advertising  with 
this  issue.  By  the  way,  this  firm  is 
offering  a  portion  of  its  capital  stc-l,- 
to  the  public.  They  will  be  very 
pleased  to  send  you  a  prospectus,  if 
you  will  only  write  for  it. 

Hollybrook  Farm  Is  offering  some 
nice  Berkshire  pigs. 

The  .leremy  Improvement  Co.  has 
some  nice  Angora  goats  for  sale. 

The  old  reliable  Frazer  Axle  Grease 
is  being  used  in  greater  quantities 
than  ever.  It  will  be  found  adver- 
tised regularly  in  our  columns  in  the 
future  as  in  the  past. 

R.  W.  Haw,  Jr.,  is  offering  some 
choice  young  Brown  Leghorns. 

Pit  Games  are  offered  by  T.  W.  Jar- 
man,  Yancey  Mills.  Va. 

Send  for  catalogue,  descriptive  of  32 
choice  varieties  of  poultry,  to  John  E 
Heatwole,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 

The  Annefield  herd  of  Berkshires 
represent  the  finest  blood  lines  in  Eng- 
land or  America.  Mr.  Butler,  the  pro 
prietor,  invites  inspection  of  his  stock 
at  all  times. 

Armour's  Blood  Meal  is  recommend 
ed  for  scours  in  calves.  Look  up  the 
ad.  in  another  column  and  write  to  the 
nearestt  office  for  particulars. 

The  DeLoach  saw  mills  are  being 
advertised  as  usual  in  this  issue.  This 
firms  claims  to  be  the  largest  saw  mill 
manufacturing  plant  in  the  world. 

Home-made  and  well-made  buggies 
,  and  wagons  are  offered  by  the  Ric> 
mond  Buggy  &  Wagon  Co.  in  another 
column. 

Mr  Ashton  Starke,  the  well-known 
implement  dealer,  has  an  interesting 
advertisement  on  another  page. 

J.  S.  Moore's  Sons  have  a  page  ad- 
vertisement elsewhere  in  this  number 
that  will  interest  all  housekeepers,  we 
feel  sure. 


"Have  you  noticed  any  signs  of  im- 
provement to-day?"  asked   the  doctor. 
"Oh,    yes,"    replied     the     nurse.     "He 
swears  now  when  I  give  him  his  med- 
'   Icine." — Medical  Journal. 


Wise  Man's 
Wagon. 

The  man  who  has  had  experienca 
in  running  a  wagon  knows  that  it 
IS  the  wheels  that  determine  iho 
life  of  the  wagon  itself.    Our 

ELECTRIC  w^7^ 

new  lease  of  life  to  thousands  of  old 
agons.  1  hej-  can  be  had  in  any  desired  hei^ht.and 
any  width  of  tire  up  to  8  inches.  With  a  set  of  these 
wheels  you  can  Jn  a  few  minutes  have  either  a  high 
or  a  low  down  wapon.  The  Elect  rlo  llandy 
Wacron  is  made  by  skilled  workmen,  of  best  select- 
ed material— white  hickory  axles,  steel  wheels,  steel 
hounds,  etc  Guaranteed  to  carry  4000  lbs.  Here  ii 
the  wa^'on  that  will  save  money  for  ynu,  as  It 
lasts  almost  forever.  Ourcatalog  describing  the  use* 
of  these  wheels  and  wagons  sent  free     W  rite  for  tt. 

ELECTRIC  WHEEL  CO.,  BOX  146  QUINCV.  ILLINOIS. 


sgiv 


WE'LL  PAY  THE  FREIGHT 

mod  aeod  4  llDgKT  Wbeflt,  8te«l  Tire  on,  •  $7.^^ 
With  Rubber  llre«,  $I5.U0.  I  mfg.  wheels  J^  lo  i  Iq 
tre»d.  Top  BaggieB,  $28.75;  Harnew,  $3.60.  Write  tot 
catalofne.  Learn  how  to  bay  vehfolfa  and  parts  dlreet 
Wagon  Umbrella  FRKK.  W.  Y.  BOOB,  ClactaaatU  ft 


THEIMPROVED 


Chamberlin   Mfg.   Co..  Olean,  N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A. 
HERCULES  STUMP  PULLER 

it 


Clears  an  acre  of  heavy  timber  land  each  day. 
Clears  all  stumps  In  a  circle  of  l:iO  ft.  without 
moving  or  changing  machine.    Strongest,  most 
rapid  working  and  best  made. 
Hercules  Mfg.  Co.,  413  17th  St.,  Centreville,  Iowa. 


A  Bushel  In  Q  MIMIITEQ 
Less  Than   OlnlllUICai 


KEYSTONE 

Triple  Gear 
GRINDING  MILL. 

BuiltasstrongasananviL  Burrs 
»re  of  hard  white  iron.  Boxes 
and   guy  irons  furnished  with 

mill.  Capacity  of  mill  from  20  to 

30  bushels  per  hour.  We  are  making  a  special  In* 
troductory  price  now.  Write  for  the  catalogue  and 
prices  on  the  full  line.  Com  shellers,  planters, cul- 
tivators, feed  cutteis,  etc. 

Keystone  Farm  machine  Co.y 

TSeaBeaverSt.,  York,  Pa. 


716 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER. 


[November 


Pressing  Hard  Easy 

soands  queer,  doesn't  it?  But  it  isn't  diffi- 
cult to  understand  if  you  are  using  a 


RED  RIPPER  ?r%'ss 

It  bales  tight  bundles,  large  of  small,  and  docs  it  with  the 
least  amount  of  strain  on  the  horse.  The  Red  Rippcrhas 
been  twice  entered  in  competition  with  other  presses,  buth 
times  at  the  Georgia  state  fair,  vhere  it  was  awarded  first 
premium.  Dealers  who  handle  the  Red  Ripper  say  that 
it  just  drives  other  hay  pressesout  of  the  market.  The  low- 
est priced  press  on  the  market,  and  costs  less  than  others 
to  operate.  Progressive,  economical  farmers  v,ill  want  to 
itnowmoreand  can  by  sending  for  our  new  Catak-jr  No.  433. 
Wstributing  points.  Baltimore,  Memphis,  Cincinnati. 

Address    SIKE5  MFC.  CO..  H«!sn«,  Ceorgla. 


Hendrick's  Baling  Presses 

are  classed  with 
the  best  If  you  are 
looking  for  a  good 
press,  either  up- 
right or  perpetual 
at  a  reasonable 
price,  write  ua  lor 
particulars. 
D.  B.  HENDRICKS  &  CO  .  Kiagstoo,  N.  Y. 


"ELI"  HAY  BALERS. 


Ul  C  M   DRILLING 


MACHINES 


The    most    successful    mouey-maklng    ma- 
chines ever  made.     Also  machlnea  for  boring 
wells    with    augers    by    horB6    power.      Writ© 
UB  If  you  mean  business. 
Loomis  Machine  Co.,  Tiffin,  Ohio. 


%  ;  J  stanchion: 
'■  '''^^  cleah,safe; 

-^.      «***«  comfortable. 

.BYW.B.CRlJMB>ForestvillE,[OHN. 


GET  ALL  THE  CREAM, 

— BV    ISINU— 

The  SUPERIOR  CREAM  SEPARATOR. 

Does  not  mix  water  with  the  milk. 
It  is  the  best  Sepnrsior  made.  A 
trial  convinces,  and  evcrv  Sepn rator 
is  guaranteed.  Write  lodav  for  Cat- 
alogue to  the  SUPERIOR  FENCE  MA- 
CHINE CO.,  291  Qnade  River  Ave.,  De- 
troit, Mlcbigafl. 


MAGAZINES. 

The  November  nuuiuer  ot  The  Cen- 
tury, which  opens  Volume  LXVII.,  cel- 
ebrates that  event  by  a  new  cover  in 
color,  and  by  a  variety  of  colored  in- 
sets, which  include  among  the  sub- 
jects Tropical  Sunsets,  Wild  Animals, 
and   Italian   Gardens. 

Edmund  Clarence  Stedman  contrib- 
utes the  opening  article  on  the  New 
York  Stock  Exchange,  entitled  "Life 
'On  the  Floor.'  "  As  a  veteran  and  re 
tired  broker,  Mr.  Stedman  brings  to 
this  subject  a  personal  knowledge, 
which  is  admirably  supplemented  by 
his  trained  literary  style.  The  article 
nialies  a  unique  appeal  to  the  interest 
ot  the  lay  reader,  as  well  as  to  that  of 
al!  men  enga,ged  in  business  with  the 
exchanges.  The  paper  is  illustrated  in 
a  lively  way  by  Blumenschein  and 
Bacher. 

Of  the  color  "work  four  pictures  are 
by  Maxfleld  Parrish.  accompanying  the 
first  article  of  Edith  Wharton's  neries 
on  "Italian  Villas  and  their  Gardens,"' 
a  project  upon  which  the  author  and 
the  artist  were  engaged  last  winter  in 
Italy.  Mrs.  Wharton's  special  topic 
is  Florentine  Villas,  and  there  is  an 
introduction  by  her  setting  forth  In 
general  the  desirable  features  of  Ital- 
ian Gardens. 

A  leading  feature  of  the  number  is 
the  opening  paper  of  the  new  literary 
"find,"  Thackeray's  letters  recording 
his  friendship  with  an  American  fam- 
ily, the  Baxters  of  New  York,  to  which 
Miss  Lucy  W.  Baxter  contribtites  an 
Introduction,  and  which  are  accom- 
panied by  a  number  of  drawings  and 
interesting  aTitographs  of  Thackeray. 
A  piece  of  hitherto  unrecorded  adven- 
ture is  entitled  "Fiehting  the  Hud- 
son." in  which  H,  .Addington  Bruce  re- 
lates a  perilous  emergency  in  the 
course  of  the  construction  of  the  Hud- 
son River  tunnel,  now  nearlv  finislied. 

At  the  head  of  thp  fiction  of  the  num" 
ber  is  the  firs!  of  a  new  novel  entitled 
"Four  Roads  to  Paradise."  by  Maud 
Wilder  Goodwin,  author  of  "Head  of  a 
Hundred,"  etf.,  a  story  of  New  York 
society  people,  the  scene  partly  laid  in 
Florence  In  the  short  stories  the  ele- 
m'^nt  of  humor  predominates.  "The 
Missing  Exequatur."  by  Benjamin  H. 
Ridgely,  a  laii.ghable  story  of  cnnsular 
life:  "The  Marrying  of  Susan  Clegg." 
by  Anne  Warner,  a  writer  new  to  The 
Century;  "The  Reggie  Livingstones' 
Country  Life."  a  story  of  hunting  so- 
cietv.  by  David  Gray:  "The  Tjjttle 
Canoe,"  a  htimorous  sketch  of  Porto 
nu-o,  by  H.  W.  Phillips.  Two  stories 
of  a  more  sentimental  cast  are  "The 
Shadow  of  Love,"  by  George  Hibliard. 
and  "The  Summer  of  St.  Martin,"  a 
phantasy  of  very  delicate  charm  by 
Dr.  Weir  Mitchell.  The  editorial  ar- 
ticles are  "All  Eyes  on  New  York!" 
renting  to  the  municipal  election,  and 
"Some  Effects  of  Modern  Publicity," 
and  there  Is  a  variety  of  light  mate- 
rial. 


Readers  of  the  November  St.  Nich- 
olas will  turn  first  to  and  linger  long- 


UNION  LOCK  POULTRY  FENCING 


HAS  BE£K  FULLT 
TESTED  AND  FOOTfD 
SUPEBIOE  TO  ALL 
0THEB8. 
\ViU  fit  uneven 
ground  without 
cutting.  Every  part 
can  be  stretched 
perfectly.    Made  of     * 


at  the  bottom  for  small  chicks.  We  also  make 
extra  heavy  for  gardens,  lawns,  etc.  The  largest 
poultry  farms  are usingthis  fence — over  700  rods 
by  Lakewood  (N.  J.)  Farm  Co.  ^Ve  pay  freight 
and  satisfy  every  one  or  no  sale.  Can  ship  from 
N.  Y.,  Chicago,  or  San  Francisco.  Write  for 
free'catalogof  Farm,  Lawn  and  Poultry  Fencing. 

CASE  BROS..  Box  340.  Colchester,  Conn. 


Gequiqe  Spiral  Spring  Wire 
FENCES  HND  BATES 

If  your  dealer  does  not  have  our 
goods  in  stock  you  can  buy  direct 
at  Manufacturers'  Price.  Write 
for  Catalogue  and  secure  agency. 

INTERNATIONAL  FENCE  AND  F.  CO. 
Columbus,  Ohio. 


- 

::; 

:  =i^^^r^ 

3 

- 

„ 

_ 

„ 

.- 

(jijij^ij^^  ^^i^4--t4^ 

j 

= 

^ 

1 

^^^ 

1 

IF  YOU  WANT 


better,  more   practical,   lontrer   laf^tinij,    heavier 

l:\ Miiized  wire  fence,  YOD  WANT  P.iGK. 

\UK  WOVKN  W  ll!E  lE.M  K  CO.,   AiiriaD,  Mich. 


b5i'|iiKi»:i'>:ii;<oi  wMi 


lAWN  FENCE 

I  Many  designs.  Cheap  as 
wood.  32  page  Catalogue 

:  free.  Special  Prlcea  to  Ceme* 
terlesandCbarcfacH.  Address 
COILED  SPRING  FENCE  «0. 

I  Box      Q       Wlneheaterf  Ind. 


aSENT  ON  TRIAL 

A  Fence  Slachine  that  will  make  over  100 
Styles  of  FeiKe  and  from  60  to  70  rods  a  day 

AT  ACTUAL  COST  OF  WIRE 

R<>n.e-bt^ti,  BulJ-blroDc,   Pi?   and   Chlckl-n-llclit. 
\Viie  at  Wholesale  Prices.      Catalogue  free. 

Kitselman  Bros. Box  I'iS  Huncie,  Ind. 


CCilflC  MSTROHGESt 
r  Ell  U  b  S  MADE.     Boa 

I  ^■■"^  ■  strong.  Chicken 
tight.  Sold  to  the  Parmer  at  Wbol^Ml* 
PrtM*.     rnllr  Warraiit«d.     Catalog  Fre. 

COmtDSPBrNti   F8K~ 
Boi  t*  WlBCfaMUr.  iDd 


.  D.  B.  1 


STOP  THAT  RATTLING,  TIOHTEN  VOUR 
OWN  BUOGY  TIRES.  No  heating;  does  not 
mar  the  paint:  any  one  can  operate.  Machine 
rotoplete  with  100  washers  sent  on  receipt  of 
'2  00.  Guaranteed  to  do  the  work.  Your 
money  back  If  not  as  represented.  RAPID 
TIRE  TIGHTENER  CO.,  Station  F.,  Toledo, 
Ohio. 


Now  Plant 
Seed. 

Yon  want  the  book 
that  tells  how,  when  and 
what  to  bow. 

SEED  SOWER'S 
MANUAL 

■S^  sent  out  because  wo  put 
in  it  adescripiion  of  tho 
old  reliable  Cahoon 
Broadcast  Seeder.    The 

le.      better 


writ  I 


GOODELLCO., 

63MainSt..Aotri«.N.I. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER. 


717 


ELMWOOD  NURSERIES. 

ASPARAGUS 

100,000  2-yr.  old  Asparagas  roots, 
5  varieties.  A  special  rate  of  $3  50 
perlOi'O  for  2  mos.  for  BAKK'S, 
PALMETTO,  CONOVER. 

APPLES 

A  large  general  assortment,  in- 
cluding WINESAPS  and  YORK 
IMPERIALS. 

Splendid   Assortment 

of  Ornamental,  Shade 

and  Fruit  Trees. 

from  B.  P.  Rocks,  Light 
Brahmas,  Brown  Leg- 
horns at  $1.00  per  13. 

WRITE  FOR  OUR   CATALOGUE. 


IB. 


.!» 


EMPORIA  NURSERIE5 

Offer  a  line  of  Nursery  Stock,  mostly 
APPLE  TREES,  4  to  5  feet,  and 
PEACH  TREES,  3  to  4  feet,  at  reduced 
prices  to  clear  land.  All  Stock  healthy 
and  free  from  Crown  Gall,  Aphis,  San 
Jose  Scale,  or  any  other  disease,  and 
WILL  BE  FUMIGATED  BEFORE 
shipped. 

Send   for   reduced   price   list.     Good 
No.  1  Agents  for  1904  wanted. 
C.  S.  LINDLBY,  Prop.,  Emporia,  Va. 

Also  agents  for  Universal  and  Gard- 
ner's Dust  Sprayers;  far  ahead  of  any 
other  and  cost  of  power  is  very  small. 
Send  for  price  and  description. 

TREES!  TREES!! 

I  ofier  a  fine  lot  of  whole  root  trees. 

Apples,  Pears,  Peaches, 
Cherries,  Plums,  Grape 
Vines.   Raspberries,    Etc. 

Save  agent's  commission  by  send- 
ing  your   orders  to   the  nursery. 
CATALOGUE   FREE. 
All  stock  Inspected  and  Fumigated. 

WERTZ'S  NURSERY,  Salem.  Va. 
Strawberry  Plants, 

All  grown  in  fresh  rich  ground,  healthy, 
well-rooted  plants  that  will  please  you; 
over  30  kinds  to  offer  Raspberry  plants 
and  Peach  trees  also;  see  us  before  you 
buy.  Our  stock  has  been  thoroughly  in- 
spected and  found  free  from  any  disease. 
Address  JOHN  LIGHTFOOT, 

Sherman  Heights,  Tenn. 


est  over  the  opening  chapters  of  B.  L. 
Far.1eon's  "A  Comedy  in  Wax."  "A 
Comedy  in  Wax"  is  the  story  of  little 
Lucy,  her  sister  Lydia.  Lydia's  lovers, 
and  Mme.  Tussand  and  her  waxworks 
— the  famous  waxworks  exhibition  in 
Marylebone  Road  which  for  nearly  a 
century  has  been  one  of  the  most  pop- 
ular shows  in  London.  There  are 
illustrations  by  Fanny  Y.  Cory  in  her 
usual  happy  vein;  and  the  story  prom- 
ises to  increase  in  interest  as  the 
months  come  around.  There  are  good 
short  stories  too  in  the  November 
issue  for  both  girls  and  boys.  "Ted's 
Contract"  tells  of  a  manly  little  lad's 
adventures  in  his  loyal  devotion  to  his 
father's  interests;  and  Albert  Bige- 
low  Paine's  "Two  Little  New  York 
Maids"  are  well  worth  knowing.  "The 
Poison  Bubble"  is  a  real,  good,  old- 
fashioned  magic  story;  "Richard,  My 
King,"  by  Livingston  B.  Morse,  is  a 
new  setting  of  the  beautiful  story  of 
Blondel's  love  for  his  king;  and  Char- 
lotta  Sedgwick's  "The  l-ate  Unpleas- 
antness" is  a  capital  tale  of  real  boys 
and  girls.  0,  the  November  St.  Nich- 
olas Is  rich  in  fiction! 

The  best  part  of  the  more  solid  por- 
tion of  the  feast  is  a  discussion  by 
James  M.  Dodge,  president  of  the 
American  Society  of  Mechanical  En- 
gineers, on  "The  Money  Value  of 
Training."  Mr.  Dodge  gives  sugges- 
tions and  statistics  of  great  value,  and 
urges  every  lad,  whatever  his  life-work 
is  to  be,  to  invest  in  himself,  by  in- 
creasing his  own  potential  energy 
Then  George  Ethelbert  Wal^^h  tells 
about  "Some  Queer  Mail  Carriers  and 
Their  Ways";  and  Dallas  Lore  Sharp 
writes  of  "Bird  Friendships." 


"A  House  Divided"  is  the  taking 
title  of  the  novel  in  Lippincott's  Mag- 
azine for  November.  Its  author's 
name,  Ella  Middleton  Tybout.  is  a 
familiar  one  to  readers  of  Lippincott's 
Magazine,  though  heretofore  her  pro- 
ductions have  been  in  the  line  of  short 
stories.  Her  "Parables  in  Black" 
lately  running  through  lippincott's 
are  particularly  striking  and  indicate 
that  which  is  ricblv  fulfillpd  in  this 
latest  work.  The  little  State  of  Dela- 
ware has  been  chosen  by  Miss  Tvbout 
for  the  placing  of  "A  House  Divided  " 
and  her  portrayal  of  a  farmer  who.  be- 
cause he  believes  his  wife  to  be  untrue 
to  him,  has  not  spoken  to  her  for  six- 
teen years,  is  a  remarkably  clever  bit 
of  characterization.  Linpincott's  novels 
are  always  worth  while — and  the  No- 
vember number  sustains  this  opinion. 

"The  Girl  with  the  Banjo"  Is  by  a 
writer  whose  pen-name,  Jean  D.  Hallo- 
well,  keeps  one  guessing  who  is  the 
real  author  of  so  racy  a  tale.  The  sex 
is  confessed  by  such  expressions  as  "a 
saucy  little  lace  petticoat,"  and  the 
whole  thing  shows  the  piquancy  of  a 
woman  rather  than  the  touch  of  a 
"mere  man." 

"The  Man  in  the  Tower,"  by  Fran- 
cis Howard  Williams,  Is  a  forceful 
story  of  a  railroad  signal  tower,  where. 


Peach  and  Apple  Trees, 

BONAVISTA  NURSERIES.  Greenwood,  Va. 

We  offer  a  fine  lot  of  choice  trees  for 
Fall  and  Spring  planting 

Our  apple  trees  are  the  best — Wine  Sap, 
Mammoth  Black  T\vig,  York  Imperial 
and  Albemarle  Pippin,  all  perfect  and 
well  grown  trees. 

Our  peach  trees  are  the  standard  sorts, 
Stump,  Elberta,  Bilyeu's  (Comet,)  Won- 
deiful  Champion,  Globe,  Picquet'sLate, 
Albright's  Winter,  Crawford  E.  (feL.,etc. 

We  send  out  none  but  good  trees  and 
have  never  had  a  complaint  raa<le  by  any 
purchaser  of  our  stock.  Oder  soon,  es- 
pecially Peach' s,  as  good  trees  will  be 
very  scarce  this  season. 

CHAS.  F    H  4  CKETT,  Manager. 


lOOO  Per  Cent. 

^==  Profit  in.. 

Wealth  and   HealtK 

In  fresh,  luscious,  home  grown 

STRAWBERRIES 

allowefl  to  ripen  thoroughly  on  the  vines. 
We  sell  the  plauis  paclted  to  carry  fresh 
any  where  in  the  Uniieil  States.  Our  120 
page  manual  (tree  to  buyers)  makes  grow- 
ing for  pleasure  or  profit  plain  to  all. 
Plant  now.    Also  save  half  on 

FRUIT  TREES  O 

by  buying  direct  from  us,  saving  agents' 
profits.    Write  for  free  Catalogue,  men- 
tioning this  paper. 
CONTINENTAL  PLANT  CO. 

KITTHELL.   N.    C. 


£f    ROOFING  TIN    ^ 

Iron  and  paper  roofing,  nails,  builder's  hard- 
ware, sash,  doors,  etc.,  carriage  and  wagon 
goods,  paints  and  oils,  cook  and  heating  stoves, 
guns,  pistols,  rifles,  "Robin  Hood"  loaded  shells. 
Do  you  use  any  of  the  above?    Write  us. 

409  ^..  Broad, 

Kichm'd.Va. 


HARRIS  HARDWARE  CO., 


T  YOUR  IDEAS 

00,000  offered   for  one  in. 

nlion;   $8,500   for   another. 

Book  "How  to  Obtain  a  Patent" 

and  "Whattolnt-enf'sentfree.  Send 
roug-h  sketch  for  free  report  as  to 
patentability.  We  advertise  your 
patent  for  sale  at  our  expense. 
CHANDLEE  SCHANDLEE,  Patent  Attorneys 
976  F  Street,  Washington,  D.  C 


fSKONK 


W 


ANDERSCH  BROS.,  Depl. 


Skins, HORSE  UinCC 
and  CATTLE  nlUtd 

and  aU  olbpr  kinds  of  Aan  Fon 
cash.  lOtnftO'7,  ron re  money 
■-11  to  ship  to  us  th.in  tosfU  at  home, 
-ite  fnr  r>i-ice  list  and  market  r.port. 

HUNTERS*  and    TRAPPERS' 

CU  I  O Is  $5000,  hook.anOpps  clotli  hound, 
lllustntms  nil  Tiir  anlmalf).  AH  about 
tr.T'i.frL-.tro:tpe*-'»«ecrets.kindnf  traps. 
I     inc.-   #1.    to    Hi.ie   ar>d     Fur     Shipper!, 

.Miooeapotls,  HIaa. 


HOW  TO  FEED  AND  BREED  HOGS 

nportance  to  s-wine  growers.  ^  A 

practical,    clean,  common-sense  swine 

paper  for  farmers  can  be  had  from  now 

"  ■     Janu.Try,  iQos,  by  sending  10  Cent* 

Silver  at  once  to 

BLOODED  8TOCK,> 

Oxford,  Pa. 


718 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[November 


The  dealer  who 
sells  lamp-chim- 
neys to  last,  is 
either  a  shrewd 
or  an  honest  man. 
Macbeth. 


How  to  take  care  of  lamps,  including  the 
getting  of  right-shape  chimneys,  is  in  my 
Lidex ;  sent  free. 

Macbeth,  Pittsburgh. 


FRAZER 

Ax'e  Grease  J,z\v 

Its  wearing  qualities  are  unsurpasseil,  ac- 
tually  out'BSIiug  3  bxs    nnv  iilher  brand, 
Not  allVi'ieil  by  heat.    airGet  the  Genuine. 
F(IK  S.\L,K  KV   ALL   llK.ALKKS. 


SAN  JOSE  SCALE 


and  other  Inseet- 

can    be    con- 
trolled   by  uiing 

GOOD'S    CAUSTIC    POTASH 

■WHALE  OIL  SOAP.  No.  3. 

c  It  also  prevents  Curl  Leaf.  Endorsed  by  en- 
tomolnglsts.  'J  his  soap  is  a  fertUlEer  as  well  as 
Insecticide  60  lb.  kegs,  $2  .iO:  100  lb.  kegs  Jl  .W. 
Half  barrels,  270  lbs  ,  at  S^Jc  per  lb.;  barrels, 
425  lbs.,  at  3^c.  Large  quantities,  special  rates. 
Send  for  circular. 

939—41  N.  Front  St, 


LIME 


AGRICULTURAL 
AND  BUILDERS' 

Send  for  Circulars   and    Price- List 

FELLSWORTH  LIME  WORKS, 

REEVES    CATF,    Agent, 

Bodley,    Augusta   County,    Virginia. 

>  POSITION  WANTBD^jt 

By  an  experienced  farm-r  as  mauagfr 
on  large  farm.  Can  take  charge  at  once. 
Best  references  given  Adclre<s  "FAK- 
MEK  "  K.  F.  D.  No.  5.  liichmond,  Va. 


iM 


Kfausets'   tiquid 
Extract  of  Sntofte 

Niii.ik.siii.Ml  TiiTfi-.-lly  Ilia 


in  a  supreme  moment  of  danger,  a  man 
!  ecomes  almost  divine. 

A  humorous  story  of  a  double  elope- 
ment by  Ralph  Henry  Barbour,  called 
".At  the  Crown  and  Sceptre,"  is  in  the 
same  delightful  vein  which  has 
ijiought  the  author  to  the  top  wave  of 
I-opularity. 

"The  Brothers  Implacable,"  by  Elea- 
inr  L.  Stuart,  is  a  stirring  episode  of 
■1  secret  society  pitted  against  a  moth- 

■  rs  love  for  her  son. 

Clinton  Dangerfield's  little  tale  called 

Hiram    Mathews's    Monument"    tells 

■I'lout  a  village  eccentric  whose  desire 

tf)   be   remembered    by   his   fellow-citi- 

■  ens  leads  him  to  do  that  which  places 
him  among  the  local  immortals. 


THE  YOUTH'S  COMPANION  IN  1904. 

As  the  years  increase  The  Youth's 
'"ompanion   endeavors    to    keep    pace 

ith  them  in  all  that  is  wise,  beautiful 
1-id  progressive,  and  not  only  to  retain 
'  ■  t  to  deserve  the  honorable  and  ex- 
ceptionally high  place  it  holds  in  the 
confidence  and  affection  of  three  gen- 
erations of  readers.  The  greatest 
living  authors  in  all  branches  of  litera' 
ture  continue  to  contribute  to  it. 

Among  the  important  series  of  arti- 
cles will  be  one  on  the  occupation  of 
the  farmer  in  many  parts  of  the  world 
— in  England,  in  Ireland,  in  India,  in 
Argentina,  etc. 

The  annual  announcement  number 
of  The  Companion,  describing  the  prin- 
cipa  features  of  The  Companion's  new 
volume,  will  be  sent  to  any  address, 
free. 

The  new  subscriber  for  190 1  will  re- 
ceive all  the  issues  of  The  Companion 
for  the  remaining  weeks  of  1903  free 
from  the  time  of  subscription;  also 
The  Companion  Calendar  for  1904, 
lithographed  in  twelve  colors  and  gold. 

THE  YOUTH'S  COMPANION. 
144  Berkeley  St.  Boston,  Mass. 


THE  TEMPLE  PUMP  CO. 
We  are  in  receipt  of  an  interesting 
catalogue  from  the  Temple  Pump  Co., 
Chicago,  who  have  an  advertisement 
in  another  column.  This  catalogue 
treats  particularly  of  their  "Master 
Workman  Engine."  As  this  firm  has 
been  in  business  now  fifty  years,  it  is 
to  he  presumed  that  they  know  how  to 
make  an  engine.  This  engine  can  be 
used  either  as  portable  engine  or  a 
stationary  one,  and  is  invaluable  to 
every  farmer.  Among  a  few  of  its 
uses  are  sawing  wood,  pumping  water, 
threshing,  grinding.  Irrigating,  and 
running  the  cream  separator.  This 
company  would  like  to  mail  this  cata- 
logue to  every  farmer  who  will  send 
his  address. 


HESSI.ER  MAIL  BOX. 
A  cheap,  strong  and  durable  mail 
box  for  free  delivery  routes  is  adver- 
tised by  The  H.  E.  Hessler  Co.,  of 
Syracuse,  N.  Y.  Look  up  the  ad.  and 
get  some  of  your  neighbors  to  join  you, 
thereby  securing  very  low  rates. 


IN  ALL  LEGAL  MATTERS, 

Especially  on  Marriage  and  Di- 
vorce, Partnership,  Mortgages, 
Bills-Sale,  Deeds,  Bonds,  Notes 
Stocks,  Mining ,  Mining  Com- 
panies. Mining  Investments, 
Contracts,  Agreements,  Collec- 
tions, Damage"  Claims,  Inter- 
est. Homestead,  Wills,  Estates, 
Etc.,  Etc.  Correspondence 
strictly    confidential.    Address 

LEGAL  BUREAU,   Dept.  U. 

1122  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

BRsnsa 


The  Southern  Planter, 

If  troubled  with  any  form  of  ner- 
vousness or  Dyspepsia,  Palpitation  of 
the  Heart  or  Sleeplessness,  Rush  of 
Blood  to  the  head  or  General  Debility 

Can  Be  Cured  By 

DR.   DUGNAL'S 

FAMOUS  NERVE  PILLS. 

40  DOSES  BY  MAIL,  POSTPAID,  50c. 
DUGNAL  REMEDY  CO., 

P.  O.  Drawer  No.  52.     Dept.  J. 

NEW   HAVEN,   CONNECTICUT. 


DO  YOU  OWN  STOCK? 

If  so,  do  you  know  how  to 
care  for  it  when  sick?  Our 
.Stock  Book  tells  jou  all  about 
animals  and  their  diseases. 
Write  for  terms.  Agents  want- 
ed everywhere.  Most  liberal 
terms.     Outfit  free. 

B.  M.  ANDERSON  &  CO.. 
Box  533.         -         Richmond,  Va. 


SIEENSBORO,  N.C. 

10  treatment  of  THE  LIQUOR,  OPIUM,  MORPHINE  .Jid 
II .  r  Drug  Addictions.  The  Tobbacco  Habit,  Nerve  Exhaustlen 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


719 


UnMCQ  AND  THE  PLACE  TO 


FIND  THEM. 


No  place  iu  the  United  States  can  a 
man  do  so  well  at  farminjc,  for  tk  e  money 
invested,  as  in  Virginia.  Lands  are 
cheap;  climate  good,  and  the  best  of 
markets  close  at  hand.  It  is  the  State 
of  all  others,  for  a  comfortable  all  the 
year  round  home.  The  James  Kiver 
Valley  Colonization  and  Impiovement 
Company  offer  superior  advantages  to 
land  purchasers.  For  free  36  page  land 
pamphlet,  address 

W.  A.  PARSONS,        Vinita,  Va. 

C  &0  Main  St.  Depot   Richmond.  Va. 

To  HOMESEEKERS. 

"THE  BUSINESS  OF  FARMING 
IN  VIRGINIA." 

IB  the  title  of  a  new  pamphlet  Issued  by  th« 
Norfolk  and  Western  Railway  Company.    We 
will  gladly  mail  you  a  copy. 
W.  B.  BEVILL.      PAUL  SCHERER.  Agt.. 
G.  P.  A.,      LaDds  and  Immigration, 
Roanoke.   Va. 

I  HAVE  A  LARGE  LIST  OF 

FRUIT,  POULTRY  =nd  TRUCK  FARMS 

Ten.  Fifty  and  One  Hundred  Acres  each,  with 

good  buildings,  close  to  steam  and  trolley 

lines,    easy   access   to   the   city.    Also, 

GRAIN  AND  STOCK  FARMS 

From  100  to  1.000  acres  at  low  prices— all  the 

way  from  $5  to  $50  per  acre.    Write  for 

Catalogue. 

J.   R.   HOCKADAY,   Richmond,   Va. 

Box  257. 

IF  YOU  WISH  TO  SELL 

VIRGINIA    LANDS 

Communicate   with  us.     iVrlte  for  free 
"Virginia    Real    Estate  JournaJ,"   con- 
taining many  splendid  bargains. 
R.  B.   CrtAFUN  &  CO.,   Inc  , 

No.   I   N  10th  St.,  Richmond,  Va 

2  UOOD  DAIRY  FAHn?, 

Vicinity  of  Washington  FOR  SALE. 

ElTtric  railway  through  one  and  near 
the  other.     For  particulars,  address 
L.  K.  WALT,  745  7th  St.,  S   E  , 

Washington,  D   0. 

/  Can  Sell   Your  Farm.... 

If  located  in  one  of  these  Virginia  counties: 
Prince    George,    Chesterfield,    King    William. 
Gloucester,      New     Kent,    King    and    Queen, 
Hanover.    Send   descriiition,    stating   price, 
JOHN  JELINEK.  lllfi  Pine  Alley, 
Braddock,  Pa. 

nUr  FIDMC  In  the  great  fruit  grain  and 
rlllL     lAnlllO    stock  section    of  VIRGINIA. 

nest  climate  ami  water  in  the  U.  S.  Near  great 
martlets,  with  best  educotional  advantages. 
For  further  informaiion.  address 

ALBEMARLE    1M.MIGR.\TI0N  CO., 
Sam'l  B.Woods.  Pres  Charlottesville.  Va. 


For  full  par- 
ticulars write 
A.   JEFFERS. 
Norfolk,  Va. 


Go  South. 


REPORTS. 
U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash- 
ington,   D.    C.     Animal    Industry. 
Bulletin  46.     The  Milk  Supply  of 
200  Cities  and  Towns. 

Bureau  of  Animal  Industry.  Bulle- 
tin 48.  The  Animal  Industry  of 
Argentina. 

Office  of  Experiment  Stations.  Ex- 
periment Station  Record,  Volume 
XV.,  No.  2. 

Bureau  of  Plant  Industry.  Bulletin 
49.  The  Culture  of  the  Central 
America  Rubber  Tree. 

Office  of  Public  Road  Enquiries. 
Bulletin  26.  Proceedings  of  the 
National  Good  Roads  Convention 
at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  April,  1903. 

Bureau  of  Soils.  Bulletin  22.  The 
Chemistry  of  the  Soil  as  Related 
to  Crop  Production. 

Bureau  of  Soils.  Circular  11.  Re- 
clamation of  Alkali  Land  at  Fres- 
no, Cal. 

Farmers'  Bulletin  No.  179.  Horse- 
shoeing. 

Farmers'    Bulletin    No.   180.     Game 
Laws  for  1903. 
Maryland  Experiment  Station.  College 
Park,    Md.     Bulletin    89.     Experi- 
ments with  Potash  as  a  Fertilizer. 
Maryland  Agricultural  College,  College 
Park,  Md.     College  Quarterly,  Au- 
gust,   1903.     Analyses     of     Fertil- 
izers. 
Michigan  Experiment  Station.  Agricul- 
tural College,  Mich.     Special  Bul- 
letin   20.     Report     of    the    Upper 
Peninsula  Sub-Station. 
Minnesota  Experiment  Station,  St.  An- 
thony   Park.    Minn.     Bulletin   82. 
Hspmorrhagic  Septicsemia. 

Bulletin  S3.  Apples  and  Apple 
Growing  in  Minnesota. 
New  York  Experiment  Station,  Geneva. 
N.  y.  Bulletin  233.  Rennet  En- 
zyme as  a  Factor  in  Cheese  Mak- 
ing. 

Bull°tin  334.     Cold  Cured  Cheese. 

Bulletin  23-5.     Two  New  Apple  Rots. 

Bulletin  236.  Conditions  Affecting 
Chemical  Changes  in  Cheese 
Ripening. 

Bulletin  237.  The  Role  of  the  Lac- 
tic Acid  Bacteria  in  the  Manufac- 
ture and  Ripening  of  Chedden 
Cheese. 

Bulletin  238.  The  Status  of  Phos- 
phorus in  Certain  Food  Materials 
and  Animal  By-Products. 
Columbus  Horticultural  Society,  Co- 
lumbus, Ohio.  Journal  of  the  So- 
ciety, September,  1903. 
Wisconsin  Experiment  Station.  Mfidl- 
son,  Wis.  Bulletin  103.  Soiling 
Crops  for  Dairy  Cows  in  Wiscon- 
sin. 

Bulletin  104.  The  Food  Require- 
ments of  Pigs  from  Birth  to  Ma- 
turity. 
Virginia  Experiment  Station,  Blacks- 
burg,  Va.  Bulletin  136.  Orchard 
Studies  IX.  An  Investigation  into 
the  Character  of  Cider  Apples  in 
Europe,  and  Comparisons  with 
American  Fruit. 

Bulletin  137.  Orchard  Studies  X.  A 
Consideration   of   the   Commercial 


Better  Clothes 

FOR 

Less  Money 

The  'Glen  Rock"  Kind 
Direct  from  Mill. 

The  larseet  woolen  mill  in  the  country  aell- 
iiiS  .llenN  aud  Uoys'  Clotbine  direct  to 
the  wetirer— ready  made  or  to  meaBure— at  a 
saving  of  60  per  cent,  and  over.  Made  to  order 
.Hen's  Suits,  which  would  cost  ?;8.ti0  to 
.?2>.i)0  at  your  tailor's,  we  are  able  to  t-ell  at 
Sr.50  and  SIO.OO  because  everything  from 
tlie  weavingof  iheclothfrom  the  raw  mateiiiil 
Co  turning  oiitthefinished  suit  is  under  one  roof. 
All  cloth  used  is  made  irom  tine  selected  wooIp. 
EvL'ry  garment  is  handsomely  tinished.  hears 
our  label,  is  guaranteed  for  one  year,  and  will  be 
replaced  if  it  dops  not  wear  satisfactorily.  Suits 
at  ubuve  prices  have 

Hand'Shrunk  CoUars, 
Hand-made  Button  HoieSy 
Padded  Shoulders, 

Handsome  lines  of  Fall  and  Winter  Overcoats 
utiin  equal  saving.  Men's  all  wool  and  worsted 
crouaere.  ^2,  ¥2.5uand  $3;  handsomeiy  made  and 
trimmed.  WehaTetiie  cheapest,  «/"i-on£?es/ and 
bestailwool  boys'  clothing.  Also  cloth  by  the 
yard  or  piece,  and  ladies'  suitings  and  skirtings. 
Write  to-day  fursamples,  etc. 

GLEN  ROCK  WOOLEN  MILLS, 
Somerville,  N.  J. 


I  Can  Sen 

Four  Farm 

1  r  other  real  estate,  no  nutter  wbere  It  Is  or  what  It 
is  wr.rth,  tend  description,  state  pi  ice,  and  leani  my 
derfully  successful  pl.-in.  W.  M.  OSTRAt'iDEiC 

37«   :.jr!i  Aacr.'.-in  Euiiiicj,  Pi'bilc;:Lia 

VIRGINIA  FARMS 

S3  PER  ACRE  AND  UPWARDS. 

i;.\.-^V    PAYMENTS.     CATALOGUE    FRBH. 

GEO.  E.  CRAWFORD  &  CO.,  Richmond,  Vs. 

Established   1875. 


\V.\N1EUTU  -^KLL  OK  EXCHANGE 
Ni'wport  Ntws  property  for  farm  or 
pine  timber  land.  Prefer  farm  in  Val- 
ley of  Virginia.  H  D.  COLEMAN, 
Newport  Kews,  Va 

"In  the  Green  Fields  of  Vtrgink/* 

Homes  for  all;  Health  for  all:  Happiness  and 
Independence  for  all.  All  sizes  of  Farms  at 
corresponding  prices,  but  all  reasonable. 

MACON  &  CO.,  Orange,  Va. 


VIRGINIA  FARMS 

All  price!  and  Elzea.    Free  list  on  appUcatloB. 
WM    B.    PIZZINI   CO.,   RrCHMONu.   V*. 


SOUTHWESTERN    VIRGINIA 

BLUE  GRASS  FARMS  and  MINERAL  LANDS. 

Send  for  Free  Real  Estate  Bulletin. 
Southwestern  Va.  Land  Agency,  Wytheville,  Va. 


a-^*      VIRGINIA    FARMS      •-«■• 

Nice  little  poultry  farm.  lOo  acres,  good  house 
and  orchard,  55i  0  Ou.    Blue  Grass,   stock   and 
Fruit  Farms.    Address  PORTER  &  GATES, 
Louisa,  Va. 


720 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLANTER. 


[November 


VICTOR  BOOK 


money    back.     The  book  is   free. 
Write  lor  it  lo-day.     Pm1»I  .ill  do. 

GEO.  EBIEL  CO.,  Qmncy,  El, 


^^SV 

EASY  MONEY 

™ 

It  mide  l,j  iiiil.llir.s  s    llnvekey. 
Incubator.    Liulo  f.-st,   lji;l.-  c»re. 
resulu  tare,  profils  lartie.     8U  I»UTI|' 
Free  TrUl.  c.ul.  e«  tree.  Menlion 
Ihii  p.[>«r.-HBwl.eje    Inciihntor 
Co..  Box  4!l,  KewCon,  lotru. 

that  poultry  pays  a  larg-er  proCl 
for  the  money  Invested  than  any 
I  other  business;  that  anybody  may 
make  a  success  of  it  without  long 
training  or  prcTions  experience; 
tint  the  Renable  T--eubntor«  and  Rrooder*  wUl  pive 
tbebest^e^uit5jnallcases.  Our20|hCentarr  Poultry 
Book  t^iis  just  ^vhv,  and  a  hundred  other  things  yoa 
Bh.  uld  kf^w.  V.  e  r.jr.:i  the  b'^'>k  for  lo  cent?.  Write 
to-dav.    ■ft"e  Iiavei;  J  Aar^^s  of  thorourhbnd  j.  -iiltry. 

IELU6LE  INCUBATOR  &  BROODER  CO..  Coi  B-n    Quiacy,  III. 


COCKERELS,    iWyckotf  strain  ) 
S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS. 

To  make  room   I  will  sell  at  $1.50 
each.     For  prize  -winners  write  to 
C.  G.  M.  FINK,  Rosneath  Road. 
Henrico  county,  Va. 


HNE  TURKEYS. 


Bred  fou  Bbeeders.' 


Lftst  .vea'  my  Mammoth  Bronze  turkevs  were 
very  line,  but  this  yearthebesti  eversaw.  They 
are  the  S.  B.  .Inhnston  stock,  derived  from  prize 
winners.  .SPECIAL  RATKS  lo  those  sending 
money  before  Nov.  1st.  and  the  most  select  birds 
to  first  orders.  I  also  have  a  few  very  fine  thor- 
oaghbred  Barred  I'lymcuth  Rock  cockerels  for 
Bale.  Rales  reasonable  on  all.  Write  for  circulars 

p|PD*l«>NT    POULTRY    I'LACF, 
Miss  E.  Ctllle  Giles,  Prop.        .       Wbillle's  D:pot,  Va. 


BROWN    LEGHORNS. 

Young  .stock  for  sale  in 
Fall.     Price.s  reasonable. 

White   Plymouth    Rocks- 
R.  W.  HAW,Jr„        -        -        Centralia,  Va. 


PIT  games: 

Black  Devils  and  Red  Morses. 

These  cocta  won  90  per  cent  of  battles  foaght 
In  WOl  and  I'Xti  and  have  never  lost  a  battle 
when  gameness  and  cutlinK  q  lallties  could  win. 
Choice  lot  of  young  and  old  stock  lor  sale. 

THOS.  W.  JAR.MAN,  Vaacey  Mills,  Va. 

Bargains  in  FINE  COCKERELS, 

JL50  each  for  a  short  time  to  make  room — 
32  best  varkties.  Large,  Illustrated  Catalogue 
free  for  stamps.    Write  to-day. 

VALLEY  POULTRY  FARMS. 
J.  E.  HEATWOLE,  Propr.,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 


Handling  of  Cider   Fruit.     Grind- 
ing and  Expressing  the  Mush. 
Bulletin    138.     Orchard    Studies   XI. 
A  Consideration  of  the  Principles 
and     Technique     Involved    in    the 
Fermentation  and  Final  Finishing 
of  Ciders. 
Bulletin  139.     Orchard  Studies  XII. 
The     Chemical     Composition     of 
Ciders. 
Bulletin  140.     Orchajd  Studies  XIII. 
Some  Observations  on  Crown  Gall 
of  Apple  Trees. 

Virginia  Weather   Bureau,   Richmond, 
Va.     Report   for   September,   1903. 

Wyoming    Experiment    Station,    Lara- 
mie. Wyo.     Index  Bulletin  C. 

Imperial    Department    of    Agriculture 
for    the    West    Indies.    Barbadoes, 
W.    I.     Agricultural    News,    Septem 
ber,  1903. 


BOOKS  AND  PAMPHLETS. 
Grasses,  and  How  to  Grow  Them. — 
The  above  is  the  title  of  Professor 
Shaw's  new  book  just  issued  from  the 
presses  of  the  Webb  Publishing  Co.  It 
is  the  only  boolc  ever  published  in 
America  which  treats  of  the  growth  of 
the  grasses  of  this  continent  in  a  regn 
lar  and  systematic  way.  The  book 
has  470  pages.  It  is  neatly  bound  in 
cloth  and  is  sufficiently  illustrated.  It 
is  written  in  that  clear,  plain  and  or- 
derly style  which  characterizes  all 
Professor  Shaw's  writings.  So  practi' 
cal  is  the  information  presented,  that 
while  the  book  discusses  all  the  grasses 
of  any  considerable  economic  value 
grown  in  America,  the  person  who 
never  grew  them  previously  should  be 
able  to  do  so  in  an  intelligent  way 
after  reading  the  book.  Price,  cloth 
$1.50.  We  can  supply  this  book  at  the 
published  price. 


The  Feather's  Practical  Pigeon  Book. 
— By  J.  C.  Long.  Profusely  illustrat- 
ed. Published  by  Geo.  E.  Howard, 
Washington.  D.  C.  Price,  50  cents. 
This  book  will  be  found  of  interest  and 
value  to  those  keeping  or  contemplat- 
ing keeping  fancy  pigeons.  We  can 
supply  the  book  at  the  publisher's 
price. 


The  School  and  the  Commonwealth, 
the  Centre  of  Our  Larger  Hope. — An 
address  to  the  graduates  of  the  Rif-b- 
mond  High  School,  June,  1903.  by  Wm. 
M.  Thornton,  LL.  D.,  University  of 
Virginia. 


PLYMOUTH  ROCK  COCKERELS. 

I  have  some  very  fine  pure  bred  birds,  6  and 
t  months  old,  I  will  sell  for  il  each. 
F.  MAXWELL  CONNER.   Richmond.   Va. 
P.  O.  Box  316. 


Principles  of  Profitable  Fanning, 
published  by  the  German  Kali  Works. 
Nassau  street.  New  York  city,  will  be 
sent  free  if  you  mention  The  Soith- 

ERW  Pl.ANTER. 


PREMIUM    LISTS.    CATALOGUES, 
ETC. 
Virginia    State    Horticultural    Society. 
Programme    of   the   Eighth    Annual 
Session,  to  be  held   at  Pulaski.  De- 
cember  2d   and    3d.     Walter  Whate- 
ley.  Secretary,  Crozet,  Va. 
Virginia  Pigeon,  Poultry  and  Pet  Stock 


FOR  SAI.^;.— A  lot  of  BROWN  LEG- 
HORX  chickens.     Pure  blood,  60c  each. 
W.  B.  GATES,  Rice  Depot,  Va. 


■FOR  SALE- 


n  B.  Turkeys,  Pekin  Ducks,  White  Wyan- 
dottes.  S.  C.  B.  Leghorns  (the  great  Winter 
layers)  and  B.  P.  Rock  chickens.  Order  Now 
and  get  the  best.  Miss  CLARA  L.  JMITM,  ' 
Caroline  Co.  Croxton,  Va. 

Barred  Plymouth  Rocks,  J^^tY^l- 

FOR  SALE;  strong,  healthy,  vigorous 
farm-raised  pullets— bred  for  laying. 
WM.  B  LEWI,?,  Ibby,  NottrwayCo  ,  Va. 


^    3  M.  P.  D.  5    ^ 

The  above  stands  for 

TRIO   MAMMOTH    PEKIN   DUCKS 

f.5.00  as  long  as  they  last. 
PERFECTION  POLAND-CHINAS, 
PROTECTION  DUROC  JERSEYS, 

Only  the  best  is  bred  at  The  Cedars. 
THE  CEDARS,  WH.  G.  OWENS, 

P.  &  S.  Farm.  Midlothian,  Va. 


WANTED! 

ALL  KINDS   OF 

LIVE  WkD  BIRt}6  AND  ANIMALS 

Particularly    Deer,    Wild    Turkeys,    Wblta 
Squirrels.    Ducks,   Swans.   Bob  White  Quail, 
Grey  Squirrels.  Etc. 

CECIL  FRENCH, 
718  TwelHh  St.  N.  W.,  Washinglor.  D.  C. 


riRST  CLASS   FOW^LS 

FOR  SALE.  CHEAP. 

Barred,  Buff  and  White  Plymouth  Rocks, 
White  Wyandottes,  Light  Brahmas,  Buff  and 
Partridge  Cochins,  Black  Hinorcas,  Black 
Langshans,  Brown  and  White  Leghorns. 

Now  is  the  time  to  secure  bargains. 
Oakland  PorLTBv  Farm, 

C.  J.  WARINER.  Mgr.,  Rrrris,  N.  C. 


Barred  and  White 

PLYMOUTH  ROCKS 

Single  and  R.  C.  B.  Leghorn,  S.  L. 
Wyandottes,    Light    Brahma    and    B. 
Minorca  Cockerels  for  sale.     $1  per  sin- 
gle bird;  a  trio  for  $3. 
J.  B.  JOHNSON,  Clover  Hill  Farm, 

Manassas,  Va. 


SILVER-LACED  :  Zl 

WYANDOTTES. 

New  blood,  choice  specimens, 
strong  and  healthy  birds  or 
fine  plumage-  ready  tor  ship- 
ment at  il.dO  each.  Also 
pure-bred  POLAND-CHINA 
PIGS  at  »5.00  each. 

Dr.  H.  H.  LEE, 

Lexio^oo,  Va. 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  nam- 
bers  can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Addren 
our  Business  Office. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


721 


5p8cvi]« 


I 


Booe  Spavin.  Bob  Spavin,  Elnebone  or 
any  kind  at  blemish-we  have  wbat  you 
need  lo  make ateiUin  cure.  Guaranteed 
always— money  right  back  If  It  ever  fallB. 

Fleming's  Spavin  Cure  (Liquid) 

for  the  soft  bonches-Paste  for  the  hard 
on.^^    A  4.i-rainure  application  and  the 
laine'ne>st,"i"s.    Ln:^f.f  blemish  infor 
matlon  m  the  iree  book  we  send. 


arvd 

^PoU  Evil 


>  yourself  what  horse  doctors 
TK©  biu'  prtcet*  for  trying  to  do. 
V.V..3  FistuUior  Poll  EvU  in  fifteen 
to  thirty  days. 

Fleming^s  Fistula  &  Poll  Evil  Cure 

ia  a  wonder— guaranteed  to  cure  any 
case— money  back  if  it  fails.  No  cutting- 
no  scar.  Leaves  the  horse  sound  and 
Btnoolh.  Write  for  our  tree  boolL  on 
diseases  and  blemishes  of  horses. 

~!-eMINC  BROS.,  Chemists, 
S80  Colon  Stock  Yards,  Chlcaso*  I 


ITQCKLICK  IT 
TOCK^lKEIT 


'< 


BLACKMAN'S 
MEDICATED 

SALT  BRICK 

The  only  pi»r»nteed  Tonic.  Blood  Part- 
fler.  Kidney  and  Liver  Regulator  and 
alder  o(  Digestion  for  alt  stock.  A 
sure  hit  on  worms.  Ticks  cannot  live- 
No  dosing,  no  drenching,  and  no  waste  I 
of  feed.  Your  horse  his  own  doctor. 
Endorsed     by    thousands 


Blacknaa  Stock  Remeity  C«k 

930  HlghlandPark,  Ohattanooga.Tenn. 


White    Wyandottes,    Buff    Leg- 
horns, Bronze  Turkeys. 

I  can  supply  a  few  trios  of  White 
Wyandotte  Cockerels  and  Pullets.  Im- 
mediate delivery.     Fine  layers. 

Buff  Leghorn  Cockerels  of  extra  fine 
laying  strain  ready  for  delivery  in  No- 
vember. 

Bronze  Turkeys  in  pairs  or  trios. 
All  at  reasonable  prices. 

One  U.  S.  Separator  in  perfect  re- 
pair. Capacity  350  pounds  milk  per 
hour.     Cost  $125.     Price,   $50. 

A.  R.  VENABLE,  Jr., 
Milnwood  Dairy  Farm. 

P.  0.  Box  147.  Farmville,  Va. 

FOR    SALE— Trio    Toulouce    Qeese; 

1901   hatch,  or  will  exchange  for  trio 

good  M.  Bronze  Turkeys. 

DAVID  W.  LEARY,  Mattoax,  Va. 


Association.  Premium  list  of  the 
Third  Annual  Exhibition  November 
23-28,  1903,  at  the  Masonic  Temple, 
Broad  street,  Richmond.  Frank 
Jenkins  Secretary,  517  W.  Broad 
street.  Richmond,  Va. 

Paper  Shell  Pecans.  Fruit  Guide  and 
Catalogue.  B.  W.  Stone  &  Co. 
Thomasville,  Ga. 

DeLaval  Separator  Co.,  Cortlandt  St.. 
New  York  city.  How  to  apply  busi- 
ness principles  to  the  testing  and 
selection  of  a  Separator. 

Studebakers'  Farmer's  Almanac,  1904. 
Studebaker  Bros.  Mfg.  Co.,  South 
Bend.  Ind. 

The  Reliable  Incubator  and  Brooder 
Co..  Qiiincy,  III.  "A  reliable  busi- 
ness opportunity."  Prospectus  of- 
fering stock  in  the  capital  of  the 
Company. 


A  copy  of  the  pamphlet  "Principles 
of  Profitable  Farming,"  is  before  us  in 
a  new  and  revised  edition. 

The  principles  of  proper  rotation 
with  leguminous  crops  and  the  great 
advantages  to  be  derived  by  such  meth- 
ods are  explained  in  the  pamphlet  in 
a  fascinating  manner.  A  description 
of  the  Experiment  Farm  at  Southern 
Pines,  N.  C.  where  the  best  methods 
of  uiflsing  fertilizers  are  being  studied 
and  put  into  practice,  is  also  a  valu- 
able feature  of  this  publication. 

A  thorough  perusal  of  the  book 
would  be  of  interest  and  benefit  to  all 
practical  farmers  and  copies  can  be 
had.  free  of  charge,  by  writing  to  the 
German  Kali  Works,  93  Nassau  street, 
New  York,  N.  Y. 


CAHOON  BROADCAST  SFFOWTfcj 
There  are  places  where  broad-cast 
seeding  refuses  to  go  out  in  spite  of 
all  the  modern  drill  machinery.  In 
many  such  places  the  inseparable  com- 
panion of  the  sower  for  forty-five  years 
lias  been  the  Gaboon  Broadcast  Seeder 
— a  remarkable  term  of  service  for  a 
machine  so  simple.  But  in  its  simplic- 
ity, as  well  as  its  perfect  working 
qualities,  is  to  be  found,  perhaps,  the 
cause  of  its  continued  popularity.  Like 
broadcast  seeding  itself,  it  seems  des- 
tined never  to  release  its  ho'd.  Of 
course,  it  is  not  identically  the  same 
machine  it  was  originally.  It  has  been 
improved.  But  there's  enough  of  the 
old.  which  was  always  good,  and 
enough  of  the  new,  which  means  its 
adoption  of  improvements,  which  ex- 
perience has  shown  to  be  desirable,  to 
make  it  about  the  best  machine  of  its 
kind  on  the  market  at  this  day. 

The  Goodell  Company.  Antrim.  N. 
H.,  are  the  manufacturers.  They  ad- 
vertise it  in  our  paper.  The  Sower's 
Manual  mentioned  in  the  ad.  telling 
how.  when  and  how  much  to  sow.  is  a 
valuable  little  book  for  the  planter  to 
have.  Note  that  it  will  come  free  if 
you  write  the  Goodell  Company  for  It. 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  nnm- 
bera  can  be  had  for  25  cents.  AddraM 
our  Business  Office. 


Warranted 

to  give  satisfaction. 


GOMBAILT'S 

CAISTIC  BALSAM 

A  safe,  speedy  and 
positive    cure    for 

Curb,  Splint,  Sweeny,  Capped  Hock, 
Strained  Tendons,  Founder,  Wind  Puffs, 
and  all  lameness  from  Spavin,  Ringbone 
and  other  bony  tumors.  Cures  all  skin 
diseases  or  Parasites,  Thrush,  Diphtheria. 
Removes  all  Bunches  from  Horses  or 
Cattle. 


Is  Invaluable.  _  .  ,  . 

Every  bottle  of  CanBtio  Balsam  sold  la 
Wan-anted  to  give  satisfaction.  Price  8^1.50 
per  bottle.  Sold  by  drupgist.ij  or  sent  by  < 
press,  charges  paid.  =*»>'••" 
"  -1  for  desc 
Address 
THB  LiWRBNCB-WILLIlMSCOHPlKT.CIeTeUnd,  OMo. 


FOUTZi 

HORSE 

AND 

cattle: 

■fOWDER 


DAVID  E.FOUTZ 

aALT/MOR£.'MD. 


DEATH  TO  HEAVES 


idnc  which  makes 
s  Will,  the  liscascd 
whole,  the  weak  strong  and  the 
thin  fat.  It  will  restore  lost  Appetite, 
expel  Worms  and  cure  Chronic  Cough, 
Heaves,  Influen^^a,  Distemper,  HiJe- 
1  bound,  Indigestion,  Constipation,  Flat- 
k  ulfncy  acd  all  Stomach  and   Bowel 


NEWTON'S  He«T«,  Coofh,  D^ 
temper    ud  ladlgettiua  Cnr*. 

riaary  specinc  for  wiod. 


Little  Chicks 

:thrlve  when  led  on  our 
BABY  CHICK  FOOD. 
A  perfect  balanced  food.    Send  for  free 
sample  and  our  large  Illustrated  catalog 
of  POULTRY  SUPPLIES, 

INCUBATORS:and 

BROODERS. 

FANCIERS'  SUPPLY  CO., 

517-519  West  Broad  St.,  , 

Richmond,  Va. 

EVERYTHINQ     FOR    THE     FANCIER. 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAN^TEK. 


[November 


New 
Games 


A  FREE  game— 60  kinds— iuside 
each  package  of 

Lion  Coife 


BERKSHIRE  PIGS. 

We  have  a  fine  lot  of  young 
pigs  for  sale,  all  from  thorough- 
bred registered  stock.  Write 
for  p  r  i  c  e  s  .  HOLLYBROOK 
FARMS,  Richmond,  Va. 

FOR    SdLie. 

Large  Cnglish  Berkshire  Hogs, 
Barred   Plymou'.h  Rock  Chickens 

BEN.  BOLT,  60747,  430  lbs.  as  a  yearling  at 
head  of  herd.       .t-?EGGS  IN  SEASON. 
JOHN  P.  FOSTER,  Nocreek,  Ohio  Co  .  Ky 


Large  English  Berkshires 

Choice  piL'.s  for  saie,  also  B.  P  K.  Chick- 
ecs,  Biltmore  .strains  Stock  as  repre- 
sented or  money  refunded. 

G.  .\ORHW  WAT-ON,  Birdwood,  Va. 
CL.^Ri.VfiTo.v  SmcK    Farm. 

BE  R  KSHIRES 

A   FEW  BOAK  FJGS  FOR  SALE; 
By    Masou    of  Bi'tmorc  II,   out  of  Elmwood's 
Benuly  II    (726D.'5)  and    Elmwood's  Besuty  III 
(7i717).    Nothing  but  Biltmore  blood  in  my  herd. 

ROUT.  UIBBERT.  (harlottesville,  Va. 

THOKOLGH-BKED.... 

Berkshire  Boars, 
Dorset  Buck  Lambs, 
Jersey  Bull  Calves. 

All  stock  in  best  of  condition  and 
guaranteed   as   represented. 
F.  T.  ENGLISH,  GUYS,  Q.  A.  CO.,  iVId. 

CHOIClf,   YOUNG 

DUROC=JERSEY   PIGS 

Of  both  sexes  for  sale.  All  stock  en- 
titled to  registry  and  guaranteed  as 
rei  resented  or  money  refunded. 

D.    L.    ROBERTSON, 
NVanon  Co.  MARMADUKB,  N.  0. 


HOG  CHOLERA. 
Recent  experiments  and  tests  in  the 
treatment  of  this  terrible  disease  made 
by  more  than  300  farmers  and  hog 
breeders,  who  reported  at  the  Illinois 
State  Fair  last  week,  that  they  have 
cured  their  hogs  with  the  Snoddy  Hog 
Cholera  remedy  is  conclusive  proof 
that  the  farmers  can  protect  their  hogs 
against  the  ravages  of  this  destructive 
disease  with  this  remedy.  In  addition 
to  preventing  and  curing  the  disease, 
it  proved  to  be  the  greatest  worm  rem- 
edy and  thrift  producer  they  have  ever 
used.  Any  practical  farmer  can  pre- 
vent it  or  can  cure  the  disease  after 
their  hogs  have  got  it.  Snoddy's  free 
book  on  Hog  Cholera  fully  explains  the 
treatment  and  contains  other  valuable 
information  for  a  farmer  to  make  hog 
raising  profitable.  Will  be  sent  free 
to  any  hog  raiser,  who  will  send  their 
name  and  address  to  the  Snodrlv  Rem- 
edy Co.,  Box  16,  A'ton,  111.  This  dis 
covery  is  saving  millions  of  dollars  an- 
nually for  the  hog  raisers,  and  every 
one  should  write  at  once  for  this  free 
information,  or  cut  this  out  and  pre- 
serve it  for  future  reference. 


GOOD    BYE:     SMOKE    HOUSE. 


Kiauser's  Liquid  Extract  of  Smoke 
Makes  it  Useless. 

The  smoke  house  always  was  a 
source  of  worriment.  vexation  and  ex- 
pense, anyhow.  When  it  catches  fire 
let  it  go  up  in  smoke.  There's  a  bet- 
ter way  to  smoke  meats.  That  is  by 
using  Krauser's  Liquid  Extract  of 
Smoke.  It's  been  gainin.g  in  all  parts 
of  the  country  for  several  years  past 
and  there  is  no  longer  any  doubt  that 
it  is  driving  the  smoke  house  out  of 
business. 

Kr-auser's  Liquid  Extract  of  Smoke 
is  made  from  selected  hickory  wood. 
It  is  applied  to  meat  with  a  brush  or 
spon.ce.  It  contains  the  same  ingre- 
dients that  preserve  meat  that  is 
smol'Ted  in  the  old  way.  It  gives  meat 
a  delicious,  sweet  flavor  and  gives  per- 
fect protection  against  insects  and 
mould.  It  is  cheaper  and  cleaner  than 
the  old  way.  Information  concerning 
its  use,  cost,  etc.,  can  he  had  by  writ- 
in.g  to  the  makers.  E.  Krauser  &  Bro., 
Milton,   Pa. 


AN  OPTIMIST. 

According  to  the  Chicago  Daily 
News,  the  old  man  was  sitting  on  the 
roof  of  his  house  in  Kansas  after  the 
floods,  and  was  gazing  placidly  across 
the  rtishing  waters. 

"Washed  all  your  fowls  away?" 
asked  the  man  in  the  boat. 

-"Yes,  but  the  ducks  swam,"  smiled 
the  old  man. 

"Tore  up  your  peach-trees?" 

"Don't  mind  it  much.  They  said  the 
crop  would  be  a  failure." 

"But  the  flood!  It  is  up  to  your 
windows!" 

"Wal,  them  windows  needed  wash- 
ing, anyway,  stranger."  ' 


RERKSHIRES 

ANNEFIELD  HERD 

Represents   the 

Finest  Blood  Lines 

in  England. or  America. 

Stock  for  sale  at  all  times. 

Correspondence  Sollctled. 

Inspection  invited. 

I      EDW.  G.  BUTLER,  Annefield  Farms, 

1!  Briggs.  Clarke  Co.,  Va. 


Southdown  and 


TJaSIRiMBIIiSDktSSi''?;'  hfheep  and  Lambs 
FOR  SALE ;  also  ESSBX  pigs  For 
prices,  apply  to        L  G.JONES, 

Bethania.  N.  C. 


..     HAWKLEY  STOCK  FARMS     .-. 

Offers  some  very  fine 
BERKSHIRE    PI GS;  aiso  choice  young 

BOARS.  Nothnjg  but  Tors  sold.  A  few  fine  S. 
C.  B.  LEGH01;N  Cockerels  left ;  from  extra  fine 
layers.    ,1.  T.  OLIVER,  Aliens  Level.  Va. 


Farmer's  Prices. 


ON   GOOD,   GROWTHY,  thkifty 

foQiisn  mmm  m  mwum  m 

r.wks  to  4  mns.   old,   to  close  out   stock:  also 
\\  liite  Blymoulh  Rocks  at  reasonable  figures. 
BYRD  BROS,  R.  F.  D..  S.^I.^s|ll■nY.  N.  C. 


P.i.f^  0.  I.  C.  PIGS 

i?5»b^s:»      FROn   REQ.  STOCK, 
EOR  SALE.    PRICES  RIGHT. 
F.    S.   MICHIE,  Charlottesville,  Va. 


Kerkshire, 
C.  Vl'hites  Fine  larj?e 
strains.  All  ages,  mated 
not  a   in,  K  week,  pigs. 

Bred  sows.  Service  boars  __   „    

and  I'oultrv.    Write  lor  prices  and  free  circular. 
P.  F.  HAMILTON,  Cochranville,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. 


Aryshires,  Berkshires  and  Oxford-Downs. 

Ayrshire  Calves  of  both  aexea,  tierksbtra 
rigs  and  Boar  and  2  Oxford- Down  Rams  for 
nale.  MELROSE  CASTLE  FAU.M, 

Enos  H.   Hess,    Manager,   CasanoTa,    V«. 


Poland  Chinas,  Chester  Whites  and 
Mammoth  Bronze  Turkeys  at  Far- 
mers prices 

S.  M.  WISECARVER, 

Rustburg,  Va. 


lUnnDA  PflATC  *■■«  handsome,  hardy  and 
AntlUnA  UUA  I  0  prolUable  For  large  cir- 
cular adilress  E,  W.  COLE  &  CO.,  Big  Clitty,  Ky. 


1903.]  THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTEK.  723 

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724 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


[November 


Market  Toppers  for  Sale,  Low. 


Lot  fine  Reg.  Angus  bull  calves,  five 
to  six  mos.,  $75. 

Lot  I  grade  Angus  heifers  coming  2 
years.  Safe  in  calf  by  Reg.  Angus 
bull.     Price.  6Jc.  per  pound. 

1  Bull  Calf  coming  4  mos.,  out  of  fine 
Hereford  cow,  by  Reg.  Angus  bull.     $40 

Lot  J  grade  Angus  heifers,  coming 
1  year.     Price,  6c.  per  pound. 

One  12  mos.  old  Reg.  Angus  heifer. 
$100. 

Pure-bred     White     Plymouth     Rock 
Cockerels  and  Pullets,  $1.00  each. 
W.  M.  WATKINS  &  SONS, 

Saxe,  Charlotte  Co.,  Va. 


ANGUS  BULL  CALVES 

SIRED    BY  THE 
CKampion    Bull    BARON    IDA. 

These  calves  are  choice  individuals. 

ENGLISH  SETTER  PUPS. 
Sire  and  dam  prize  winners. 
WARREN  RICE,  Winchester,  Va. 


H.  F.  COLEMAN  &  SONS, 

MULBERRY    GAP.    TENN.. 

— BKEEDERS    OF — 

ABERDEEN=ANQUS  CATTLE. 

JANNET'S  KING,  48271,  greatest 
son  of  Valiant  Knight  XL,  29331.  first 
prize  bull  at  all  three  of  the  Interna- 
tional shows,  heads  the  herd.  Visi- 
tors and  correspondence  invited. 
Young  things  for  sale. 

Splendid  Registered 

ANGUS    BULL 

Age  17  mos.,  thoroughly  tick  proof 
(Immune),  for  sale.  Price,  $250.  Also 
a  beautiful  5  mos.  ANGUS  HEIFER. 
No  kin  to  bull,  for  $50.  Write  for 
breeding,  etc.  C.  A.  WILLIAMS, 
Ringwood,  N.  C. 

ANGUS  BULL  CALF. 

Adrance  Star,  645S9, 1  yr.  old,  Kov.  28, 190;'.; 
sire  Zolre  3I.'S71 ;  dam  Audubon  Beauty.  This 
calf  is  well  bred,  weighed  560  lbs.  at  9  mos.,  and 
bids  fair  to  be  a  superior  Herd  Bull.  For  price 
and  further  particulars,  address 

Rev.  S.  S.  HEPBURN,  Oliver,  Va. 


WHITE    YORKSHIRE    PIGS 

Entitled  to  registration,    FOR   S.4LE. 

HENRY  H.  CLARKE,  "Chantilly," 

Broad  Street  Road,  Richmond,  Va. 


Kingsley,  la.,  Sept.  16,  1903. 
Dr.  Jos.  Haas,  V.  S.,  Indiapolis,  Ind.: 

Dear  Sir: — We  take  much  pleasure 
in  informing  you  of  our  success  in 
handling  your  most  valuable  Hog  Rem- 
edy during  the  past  five  years.  We 
have  sold  during  that  time  about 
$3,000,00  worth  of  the  Remedy,  to 
more  than  100  regular  customers,  who 
have  used  it  right  along  with  great  sue" 
cess.  A  good  number  of  our  custom- 
ers report  to  us  that  they  have  cured 
the  cholera  in  their  herds,  after  the 
disease  had  broken  out,  and  several 
hogs  had  died  before  they  began  using 
the  Remedy.  We  can  get  sworn  state- 
ments from  our  customers  to  the  above 
facts  if  desired. 

Our  experience  with  your  Remedy 
has  taught  us  that  it  should  in  all 
cases  be  used  as  a  preventive,  before 
the  hogs  are  taken  sick,  and  by  so  do- 
ing it  keeps  them  in  a  healthy  condi- 
tion, also  will  pay  many  times  the  cost 
of  the  Remedy  by  the  extra  gain  in 
the  weight  of  the  hogs. 

We  can  cheerfully  recommend  your 
Remedy  to  all  dealers  and  feeders, 
after  our  long  experience  with  it,  as 
we  feed  it  to  our  own  herd  of  thor- 
oughbred Duroc-Jerseys,  in  addition  to 
selling  it  to  our  customers.  Our  boar, 
American  Royal,  No.  15453,  won  sweep" 
stakes  over  all  ages  at  the  Interstate 
Fair,  held  in  Sioux  City  this  month, 
over  entries  from  Iowa  State  Fair, 
Missouri,  Nebraska  and  South  Da- 
kota. Yours  very  truly, 

EDMONDS,  SHADE  &  CO., 
Dealers  in  Grain  and  Live  Stock. 


The  man  or  woman,  boy  or  girl,  who 
wants  to  succeed  with  poultry  ought 
by  all  means  to  have  a  copy  or  the  new 
'annual  catalogue  of  the  Reliable  In- 
cubator &  Brooder  Co.,  of  Quincy,  111. 
The  book  will  convince  any  one  who 
contemplates  buying  an  incubator  or 
a  brooder  that  the  "Reliable"  is  as  good 
as  its  name  indicates;  and  there  is  a 
lot  of  valuable  information  in  it  about 
hatching  and  the  care  of  poultr.v  which 
is  new  to  all  but  a  lew  experts  wno 
are  making  fortunes  out  of  poultry, 
Any  one  who  will  follow  "Reliable" 
methods  and  our  "Reliable"  machines, 
can  make  money  out  of  poultry.  The 
"Reliable"  people  make  money  them- 
selves out  of  their  immense  poultry 
farm,  a  side  issue  of  their  business, 
and  their  experience  has  enabled  them 
to  build  up  an  immense  business  in 
"Reliable"  poultry  supplies,  which 
comprise  "everything  for  the  poultry- 
man."  To  get  acquainted  with  the 
"Reliable"  people  is  like  getting  ac- 
quainted with  some  good  neighbor, 
who  has  made  a  lot  of  money  and 
takes  pleasure  in  telling  you  how  you 
can  do  it. 


Smithers — "Do  you  know  any  one 
who  has  a  horse  to  sell?"  She — "Yes; 
I  suspect  old  Brown  has."  Smithers — 
"Why?"  She — "Well,  papa  sold  him 
one  vesterday." — London  Punch. 


V.P.I. 

Farm  Bulletin 

We  are  now  offering  some  choice  young 
Bulls  of  the  following  breeds: 

Shorthorn,  Hereford,  Aberdeen-Angus. 

Write  at  once  for  pedigrtes  and  prices. 

D.  0.  NOURSE,  Prof,  of  Agr. 
Blacksburg,  Va. 


Swift   Creek  Stock  and   Dairy  Farm 

Has  f';ir  sale  a  large  num- 
ber of  nice  young  regii- 
lered  A.  J.  C    C. 

JERSEY  BULLS 
AND  HEIFERS. 

None  better  bred  in  the  South.  CombiDlng 
closely  the  most  noted  and  up-to-date  blood 
in  America.  Bulls  10  to  12  months  old.  125; 
Helters,  same  age,  135.  POLAND  CHl.VA 
PIOS,  $5  each.  Send  check  and  get  -whtt 
}ou  «-aDt. 

T.  P.  BRASWELL.  Prop.-  Battleboro.  N.  C. 


jkSmmM 


Fine  JERSEY   BULL  For  Sale. 

I  offer  at  a  reasonshle  fisure.  a  thoroughbred 
Jersev  bull,  ■)  years  old  June  lOtli,  9103  Gentle, 
solid  "color  with  black  tongue  and  switch  and 
emit  ed  to  registry.  This  bull  is  a  great  arnnd- 
son  of  the  famous  Canada's  John  Bull,  and  If  In 
every  respect,  a  strictlv  first-class  animal.  For 
full  information  applv  to  s.  B  WALKER, 
Walkers  Ford.  Va. 


MILCH  COWS  WANTED.— Car  load 
lots  heavy  milchers  or  springers.  Give 
detailed  description  individuals,  breed, 
age,  guaranteed  production  and  lowest 
spot  price  delivered  Asheville.  Ad- 
dress ANANDALE  DAIRY  FARMS, 
Asheville,  N.  C. 


FOR  SALE— A   NO.   1   REG.   HERE- 
FORD   BULL,    7    months    old,    well 
marked,  weighing  over  ?00  lbs. 
Address  \VM.  C.  STUB6S, 
Sassafras  P  O  .  Gloucester  Co.,  Va. 


ST.    OMER    HERD 

oners  young  bulls  fit  for  serrlce,  out  ot 
tested  dams  with  good  yearly  records.  Strong 
in  ETile  of  St.  L..  King  of  St.  L.  and  Sto«« 
Pogls  of  Prospect.     Reasonable  prices. 

JOS.  T.  HOOPES.  Bynum.  Md. 


FOR  SALE 

100  good  grade  breeding  ewes.  Bred  to 
Shropshire  bucks  for  early  lambs.  In  lots  to 
suit  purchasers. 

.\  few  good  Horses  and  Mules  also  for  sale. 

Also  one-half  interest  in  twenty-four  thou- 
sand acres  West  Virginia  Coal  and  Timber 
lands.  Will  take  In  exchange  good  James 
River  lands.    Call  on  or  address 

JOHN  MATHEWS.  East  Richmond,  Va. 

FOR  SALE.- -My  Trotting-bred  Stallion 

GEORGE  BURNS,  foaled  May  14.  liiOO.    Ma- 
hogany bay,  star  In  face,  left  hind  foot  white, 
of  good  style,  easy  to  handle:  will  make  good 
breeder.    Write  for  his  breeding. 
J.   TABB  JANNEY,  Van  ClevesvlUe,  W.  Va. 


1903.]  THE  SOUTHEKJSr  PLANTER  725 

BILTMORE  FARMS,  -  Biltmore,  N.  C. 

Headquarters  for  GOLDEN  LAD  JERSEYS, 

Also  Get  of  TREVARTH  and  GEN.  MARIGOLD.    ^  ^  j« 

GOLDEN  LAD'S  SUCCESSOR.  First  and  sweepstakes  over  all  at  the  Pan-American  Exposition,  the 
champion  JEKSEY  BULL  OF  AMERICA,  and  out  of  Golden  Ora,  our  great  prize-winning  cow,  both 
born  and  developed  on  these  Farms,  is  among  our  service  bulls. 

Biltmore  Jerseys  are  a  combination  of  large  and  persistent  milking  qualities  with  an  individuality 
that  wins  in  the  show  ring. 

SPECIALTY.  Write  for  descriptive  circular  of  the  best  lot  of  young  buU  calves  ever  offered,  both  for 
breeding  and  individuality.  They  are  by  noted  sires  and  out  of  large  and  tested  selected  dams.  Many 
of  these  calves  are  fit  to  show  and  win  in  any  company. 

^  ^  BILTMORE  POULTRY  YARDS.  ^  ^ 

SPECIALTY.  Write  for  descriptive  circular  of  eggs  from  our  prize-winning  pens.  Over  50  yards  to  select 
from,  made  up  of  the  winners  at  the  leading  shows  for  the  last  two  seasons.  If  you  want  winners  you 
must  breed  from  winners. 

Headquarters  for  the  best  IMPORTED  ENGLISH  BERKSHIRES. 
I  APPLY  TO  BILTMORE    FARMS,  biltmore,  n.  c. 


..FRUIT  and  PODLTRY  FARM.. 


o:E=^-E^-s:£ej 


1,000  Cockerels  and  Pullets 

All   HIGHLY    BRFD  of  the   following  breeds: 

Barred  and  White  Plymouth  Rocks,  White 
and  Silver=Laced  Wyandottes  and  Brown 
Leghorns,  at        =        =        =        $  1 .00  each. 

WRITE  AT  OiNCE  AND  GET  THE  BEST. 

(No  Ducks  to  offer  at  present). 

P.  H.  HEYDENREICH,  Prop.,     .*     /     .*     Staunton,  Va. 


726 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


[November 


ANGORA  GOATS. 


A  few  pairs  for  sale — High  grades, 
$15;   Registered,  $40  per  pair. 

JEREMY  IMPROVEMENT  CO., 
SAXE,  VA. 

150  Jacks,  Jennets  and  Mules. 

Best  assortment  I  ever  owned.  Can 
you  exactly.  Write  for  descrlp 
tlon  and  prices.  Also 
will  sell  2  Percheron 
Stallions  at  close  fig- 
ures. 

BAKER'S  JACK  FARM. 
Lawrenc*.  Ind. 


Knight  &  Jetton, 

Breeders  of  and  Dealers  Ini 

Ja.clcs,   Jennets,   Stallions. 

Durham  and  Hereford 

YEARLINGS. 

Send  stamp  for  Catalogue. 

Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 


^ 


Jacks,  Jennets  and  Stallions 

FOR  SALE.  Fine  Jacks  a 
Spicialty.  Wh' n  writing 
state  exactly  what  you  want 
or  come  and  see  our  stock. 

W.  E.  KNIQHT  &  CO., 
Route  S.  NasbvMIc,  Tenn. 


Sale  or  Exchange 

2  BEAUTIFUL  JACKS,  for  pure-bred 
Red  Polled  cattle,  good  draft  or  coach 
stallions.     W.  S.  MOTT,  Dixondale,  Va 

nORSETSANDHEREFORDS. 


Some  Exceptionally  Rare  Bargains  to  Quick  Buyers. 

My  herd  bull,  bull  calves  and  Dorset 

bucks.    Registered  stock. 
H.  ARMSTRON6,   l/intz   mills,  VA. 

PURE-BRED 

M.     BRONZE     TURKEYS,    GOLDEN    and 
SILVER   PENCILED   HAMBURG    and   BAR- 
RED PLYMOUTH  ROCK  ChlckenR.    Eega  In 
season.    For  sale  by  T.  J.  WOOLDRIDOE, 
French   Hay,   Va. 


FOR  SALE  AT  A  BARGAIN. 

A    thoroughbred     Registered     HOLSTBIN- 
FRESIAN  Bull  Calf.         H.  W.  MANSON. 
Crewe.  Va. 


THE  INTERNATIONAL  LIVE  STOCK 
EXPOSITION  FOR  19D3. 

The  leading  agricultural  and  live 
stock  educators  of  the  United  States 
and  Canada  are  paying  tribute  to  the 
value  of  the  International  Live  Stock 
Exposition  to  the  country  in  almost 
every  current  issue  of  the  agricultural 
and  live  stock  press.  A  word,  there- 
fore, as  to  the  arrangements  for  the 
1903  exhibit  will  no  doubt  prove  of 
value  to  your  readers. 

The  Board  of  Directors  have  issued 
a  statement  regarding  the  new  coli- 
seum, and  while  it  is  regretable  that 
we  will  not  have  our  entire  buildings 
at  our  disposal  this  year,  nevertheless 
with  the  old  building,  provided  with 
greatly  increased  stall  room  and  with 
better  arransements  for  pens  for  the 
hogs  and  sheep,  we  will  be  alile  to  han- 
dle the  show  more  advantageously 
than  any  of  its  predecessors.  Tempo- 
rary facilities  will  be  constructed  to 
secure  ample-  room  for  each  depart 
ment  to  prevent  any  branch  crowding 
the  other. 

The  programme  will  be  arranged  to 
give  each  and  every  breed  and  kind 
full  benefit  of  all  that  the  show  Im- 
plies to  the  exhibitor. 

The  live  stock  people  have  shown 
their  earnestness  in  the  welfare  of  the 
International  by  taking  memberships 
in  the  permanent  organization,  yet  a 
more  general  membership  is  looked 
for  to  insure  continued  success.  In 
this  connection  there  is  no  change  in 
the  rules  or  regulations  of  the  Expo- 
sition. The  awards  are  open  to  the 
same  competitors  as  heretofore,  wheth- 
er exhibitor  is  a  member  or  not,  so  that 
whether  your  application  for  member- 
ship is  filed  as  yet  or  not,  your  -ela- 
tionship  so  far  as  being  an  exhibitor 
is  concerned  is  the  same  as  at  former 
shows. 

The  entries  and  Inquiries  received 
Indicate  a  greater  interest  and  larger 
exhibit  than  at  any  of  the  previous  ex- 
positions. 

The  railroads  have  given  the  same 
rates  for  visitors,  with  earlier  selling 
dates  for  exhibitors,  as  published  each 
previous  year,  and  additional  special 
excursions  will  be  run  this  year  by  sev- 
eral of  the  lines  reaching  Chicago. 
Everything  points  to  a  big  event  No- 
vember 28th  to  December  5th  at  Chi- 
cago. W.   E.   Skinnkb. 


ONE  WAS  SUFFICIENT. 

Jimmy,  aged  five,  had  been  naughty, 
and  his  mother  had  punished  him  in 
the  good,  old-fashioned  way.  His  fath- 
er pretended  to  be  greatly  shocked  n' 
overhearing  the  aggrieved  youngster 
express  a  hope  that  a  large  stray  bear 
rai.sht  happen  along  some  dark  ni.a 
to  make  af  his  offending  parent. 

"But,  Jimmy,"  said  his  father,  im- 
pressively, "you  shouldn't  say  such 
dreadful  things.  You  should  always 
remember,  my  son,  that  a  boy  never 
has  more  than  one  mother." 

"Thank  God  for  that!"  breathed 
Jimmy  fervently. — November  Lippin- 
cott's. 


Kentucky 

Herefords 

Headed  bjr  the  (amoua 

inPORTED  BRITISHER 

No.  145096  Champion  Bull  over  all  bre«d«  ID 
England  and  Grand  Sweepstakes  Cbamploo 
at  Chicago  1902  Live  Stock  Exposition. 

We  can  furnish  buyers  with  anything  they 
wish  from  the  FANCIEST  THAT  CAN  BB 
BRED  to  the  cheaper  class  usually  desired  by 
the  beginner.  Write  us  before  buying.  Olad 
to  answer  Inquiries. 

Giltner  Bros.,  Eminence,  Ky. 


ELLERSLIE     FARMi.^ 
Thoroughbred  Horses 

AND  SHORTHORN  CAHLE, 

Pnre  SonthdoTim  Sheep 
and  Berkshire  Pig*. 

For  Sale.     R.  J.  HANCOCK  &  SON, 

Charlottesville,  Va. 


COOK'SCREEK  HERD 

Scotch-Topped 
Shorthorns^^ 

Herd  Headed  by  Governor  Tyler,  1586  48. 
Young  Bulls  for  sale.  Inspection  and  corres- 
pondence Invited. 

HEATWOLE  &  SUTER,  Dale  Enterprise,  Va. 


Quietude 

SHORTHORNS 

rOR   SALE. 

1  yearling  bull,  3  bull  calves  2  two  year-old 
heifers  bred  to  a  pure  Pcolch  bull,  3  yearling 
heifers  and  a  few  cows.  This  stock  Is  first  class 
and  In  excellent  condition.  Write  to  or  come 
to  see  T.  J.  THOMPSON,  Swoope,  Va 


PUKE  BRED 

Short   Horn   Calves 

from   fine  Stock.     Also 

Yorkshire    Pigs 

of  very  Prolific  Breed. 

JAS.  n.  HOQE,  Hamilton.  Va. 


SPRINQWOOD      SHORTHORNS. 

SPECIAL    OFFERING. 

1  yearling  bulls,  sired  by  Verbena's  cham- 
pion No.  129881.  One  two-year-old  POLAND 
CHINA  Boar,  a  fine  breeder,  recorded  bred  Id 
Ohio,  sired  by  Guy  Wilkes. 

Good  8  weeks'  old  POLAND  CHINA  Pigs. 
J5.00  e.nch.  Pedigrees  furnished  with  all  stock 
sold.    Inspection  Invited. 

WM.   T.    THRASHER,    Sprlngwood,   Va. 


WOUOLANU    DOMSHTM. 


y'*^NE  of  our  customers  writes:  "My  sales  of 
^^  grade  Dorset  winter  Iambs  run  this  year: 
first  87  head  brought  W70;  then  prices  de- 
clined somewhat.  I  am  looking  for  another 
good  Dorset  ram."  Woodland  Dorsets  are 
standard  In  excellence.  . 
J.  E.  'WINO  &  BROS.,  Mechanlcaburs,  Ohlow 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


727 


BUILDING  THE  HOG  HOUSE. 
This  subject  comes  up  to  every  hog 
owner  and  as  the  cost  of  such  a  build- 
ing is  one  of  the  first  considerations 
and  an  item  that  in  many  cases  causes 
poor  protection  and  consequently  a 
loss  in  pork  to  the  owner.  Yet  the 
cause  and  loss  go  on,  one  following  the 
other  for,  the  want  of  a  start  of  a  first- 
class  house  to  protect  against  cold  and 
storm.  A  few  years  ago  C.  E.  Morri- 
son gave  this  subject  much  attention 
and  as  the  result  he  built  a  pen  at 
small  expense  that  is  as  near  an  ideal 
for  all  purposes  as  can  be  devised,  one 
that  can  be  built  cheaply  and  extended 
from  time  to  time  at  will  without  dis- 
turbing the  first  part.  Full  designs 
and  plans  of  this  model  hog  house  will 
appear  in  the  November  issue  of 
Blooded  Stock,  that  great  practical 
swine  paper  edited  by  farmers  that  get 
right  at  its  subject,  with  sleeves  rolled 
up.  in  a  common  sense  way.  It  is  be- 
ing advertised  in  the  columns  of  this 
paper  and  also  in  our  clubbing  list.  It 
is  worth  having  and  stops  when  the 
subscription  expires. 


OP  VALUE  TO  HORSEMEN. 
Do  you  turn  your  horses  out  for  the 
winter?  If  so,  we  want  to  call  your 
attention  to  a  very  important  matter. 
Horses  which  have  been  used  steadily 
at  work,  either  on  the  farm  or  road, 
have  quite  likely  had  some  strains 
whereby  lameness  or  enlargements 
have  been  caused.  Or  perhaps  new  life 
is  needed  to  be  infused  into  their  legs. 
Gombault's  Caustic  Balsam  applied  as 
per  directions,  just  as  you  are  turning 
the  horse  out.  will  be  of  great  benefit; 
and  this  is  the  time  when  it  can  be 
used  very  successfully.  One  great  ad 
vantage  in  using  this  remedy  is  that 
after  it  is  applied  it  needs  no  care  or 
attention,  but  does  its  work  well  and 
at  a  time  when  the  horse  is  having  a 
rest.  Of  course,  it  can  be  used  with 
equal  success  while  horses  are  in  the 
stable,  but  many  people  in  turning 
their  horses  out  would  use  Caustic 
Balsam  if  they  were  reminded  of  it, 
and  this  article  Is  given  as  a  reminder. 


HEEBNER'S  ENRTT  AGE  AND  FRED 
CUTTERS. 
The  Feed  and  Ensilage  Cutters  man- 
ufactured by  Heebner  &  Sons,  Lans- 
dale.  Penna.,  are  intended  to  avoid 
much  of  the  waste  which  ordinarily 
results  in  the  feeding  of  the  corn  crop 
Too  many  overlook  the  feed  value  in 
the  lower  stalk,  which  lies  around  on 
the  feed  lot  until  sprmg  and  is  then 
gathered  and  burned.  If  the  stalk  be 
cut  and  shredded  there  need  be  little 
If  any  loss.  The  Heebner  cutter  with 
Shredder  attachment,  are  admirably 
adapted  to  this  work.  Each  machin 
may  be  made  a  combination  cutter, 
crusher  and  shredder,  putting  the  stalk 
In  the  best  possible  condition  for  mas- 
tication of  the  whole  by  the  animal. 
A  power  well  adapted  to  their  opera- 
tion, and  one  without  expense  to  pro- 
cure because  always  present  on  the 
farm.  Is  the  Heebner  Level  Tread  Pow- 


4f OlID  (ohfortI 


Of 
the 

RIGHT 
30RT* 


At 

the 

RIGHT 

TIME 


Is  what  is  wanted  when  one  is  seeking  pleasure  while  driving,  and  this 
may  be  secured  by  using  a  CELEBRATED  LEHMAN  HEATER. 

They  are  universally  recognized  as  the  STANDARD  CARRIAGE, 
WAGON  AND  SLEIGH  HEATER.  K=^  200,000  Lehman  Heaters  are  in 
actual  use.  They  burn  Lehman  Coal,  from  which  there  is  no  smoke, 
smell  nor  danger,  and  may  be  operated  at  a  cost  of  2  cents  per  day. 

For  sale  by  all  carriage,  harness  and  hardware  dealers.  Write  us 
for  booklet  telling  more  about  them. 

LEHMAN  BROS.,  MPRS.,  J.  W.  ERRINGER,  Gen.  W.  Sales  Agt., 

10  Bond  St.,  New  York.  297  Wabash  Avenue,  Chicago,  111. 


We   Are    Still    in   the    Business.... 


"HILL   TOP"    stock  at  Shcadwell,  Va. 

Having  changed  our  residence,  we  brought  with  us  and  have  for 
sale  a  choice  lot  of  HILL  TOP  stock. 

Jersey    Cattle,    Southdown   and   Shropshire    Sheep, 
Berkshire  Hogs  and  B.  B.  R.  Game  Chickens. 

Our  Berkshire  Pigs  are  now  clo.sely  sold  up,  but  we  will  have  a  fine  lotready  to  ship 
after  September  We  will  be  glad  to  serve  our  old  friends  and  are  always  glad  to 
make  new  ones. 

Wf  have  won  more  premiums  on  sheep  and   hogs  at  State  and   County  Fairs 
than  all  oiher  breeders  in  Virginia  combined. 

H.  A.  S.  HAMILTON  &  SONS,  Shadwell,  Va. 


F 
O 
R 

S 
A 

L 
E 


BERKSHIRE  PIGS 


of  choice  breeding,  and  to  make  them  more  desir- 
able, they  are  tine  individuals,  properly  fed;  there- 
fore they  develop  well.     Write 

Forest    Home    Farm, 

Purcellville,  -  -  Virginia. 


Orders  with  cash  filled  f  romChlcago  1 


IT     PAYS     TO     DEHORHm        HomleL  steers  make  better  teeL 

m=l?fnfe«^'.J  to  u.Tu  th^e  Keystone  Dehorning Knifo 

t  desired  Send  for  dicuUrs.     M.  T.  PHILLIPS,  BoX49  ,  POMEROY,  PA. 


THE  SOUTHEKX  PLANTER. 


[November 


or.  These  powers  have  been  manufac- 
tured by  the  Heebners,  father  and 
sons,  for  upwards  of  sixty  years.  They 
are  strong  and  durable  and  well  adapt- 
ed to  serve  many  uses  on  the  farm  in 
addition  to  Ensilage  cutting.  The 
Heebner  Catalogue  is  a  very  interest- 
ing book  on  these  and  other  specialties 
of  the  Heebner  manufacture.  Consult 
the  advertisement  and  write  the  firm 
for  It. 


YOl-R  MONEY  BACK  IF  YOUR'E 
NOT  SATISFIED. 

Do  you  suppose  that  a  company,  with 
a  capital  of  $.500,000.00  paid  in  fiill  and 
the  proud  reputation  of  36  years  of 
continuous  success,  would  make  such 
an  offer  and  not  carry  it  out  to  the  let- 
ter? Do  you  suppose  we  would  jeop- 
ardize our  standing  with  the  public 
and  our  chances  of  still  greater  suc- 
cess by  failing  to  fulfill  any  promise 
we  make?  Do  you  suppose  we  would 
make  such  an  offer  if  we  did  not  have 
the  uJDiost  confidence  in  the  satisfying 
quality  of  our  goods?  >Vp  know  we 
can  please  you  and  save  you  money, 
for  Hayner  Whiskey  goes  direct  from 
our  distillery  to  you,  carries  a  United 
States  Registered  Distiller's  Guaran- 
tee of  purity  and  age  and  saves  you 
the  big  profits  of  the  dealers.  Read 
our  offer  elsewhere  in  this  paper. 

THE  H.\YyRR  DISTl'.'  [\G  CO. 


Among  feed  mills  now  on  the  mar- 
ket we  give  illustration  of  one  whose 
qualities,  we  think,  will  commend  it 
stronsrly  to  the  general  feeder.  It  is 
the  Triple  Geared  Sweep  Mill  manu- 
factured by  S.  Freeman  and  Sons  Mfg. 
Company,  Racine,  Wis.  Many  readers 
are  familiar  with  the  illustration  from 
having  studied  it  in  the  advertisement 
elsewhere.  It  is  the  practical  kind  of 
mill  with  but  few  parts. 


The  illustration  shows  it  as  a  corn 
crusher  and  grinder.  At  this  work  its 
capacity  reaches  20  bushels  of  ground 
feed  per  hour.  But  it  is  adiustible  in 
character,  and  does  equally  good  work, 
though  of  course,  less  rapid  in  fine 
grinding  of  oats,  rye  wheat,  etc.,  with 
its  finer  set  of  burrs. 

Smooth  running  and  the  absence  of 
all  .ierking  motion  characterizes  it.  It 
Is  one  individual  of  a  most  valuable 
and  practical  line  of  farm  appliances, 
such  as  feed  and  ensilage  cutters,  corn 
shellers.  wood  saws  and  windmills 
manufactured  by  the  above  company. 
It  should  receive  the  careful  consid- 
eration of  any  feeder  who  is  about  to 
buy  a  mill. 


HOG  BOOK  FREE 


A  copy  of  my  book,  "HOGOLOGY,"  revised 
and  enlarged,  will  be  sent  Free  to  any  hog 
rai.«er  who  mentions  this  paper  when  asking 
for  it.  A  few  of  the  many  important  subjects 
that  are  thoroughly  covered  in  this  valuable 
book  are:  Descriptions  and  Illustrations  of 
the  leading  breeds  of  swine;  swine-record  as- 
sociations: best  location  for  hog-raising;  se- 
lecting a  breed;  what  constitutes  a  good  hog 
for  the  farmer:  value  of  a  good  boar;  value  of 
a  pedigree;  breeding:  care  of  the  sow:  rearing 
fall  pigs;  fecundity  of  sows;  practical  foods; 
the  runt  pig;  when  to  market;  Inbreeding, 
anatomy  of  the  hog  (fully  Illustrated):  dis- 
eases and  treatment,  etc..  etc. 


TRADE-MARK. 


I  Insure  Hogs  and  Pay  for  All  T  lat  Die 

When  my  Remedy  is  used  as  a  preventive.  Write  for  plan.  This  Remedy  is  a  MEDICINE 
especially  for  hogs,  and  must  not  be  confounded  with  cheap  "stock  foods."  27  years  un- 
equalled success  and  the  biggest  money  maker  for  hog  raisers  known. 

PRICES:— 25-lb.    can,    J12.50;    Wi-li.    can,  J6.50,  prepaid;  pkgs.,  $2.50,  $1.25  and  50c.  each. 
None  genuine  without  my  signature  on  package  or  can  label. 

JOS.  HAAS,  V.  S.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


BERK5HIRES. 


Mr.  H.  F.   .Stratton  of  Erin,   Houston 
Co..  Tenn.,  writes  me  on  Aug.  loth  1S03: 

"The  little  pig  just  received  is  a  beauty, 
I  am  delighted  with  him — wouldn't  take 
twict'  twenty  dollars  t'or  him.     He  is  thor- 
oughly patrician.     I  expect  great  things 
from  him  at  thehead  of  my  herd  of  Royal  Berkshires." 

So  send  to  Thos.  S.  White  for  patrician  pigs  rather  than  buy  plebeians  for  a  little 
less,  do  not  be  "penny  wise  and  pound  foolish,"  and  especially  in  thoroughbreds. 
I  have  had  13  sows  to  farrow  in  past  few  days  with  over  20  more  nearly  due,  order 
promptly  for  fall  shipments,  I  never  have  enough  to  go  round. 
Short  Horn  (Durham  Cattle)  for  sale.     Write  for  particulars. 

THOS.  S.  WHITE,  Fassifern  Stock  Farm,  Lexington,  Va. 


Hill  Top  Stock  Farm. 

BERKSHIRE  HOGS  and 
SOUTHDOWN  SHEEP 

=A  5pecialty.= 

S.  Brown  Allen,  who  succeeds  H.  A.  S. 
Hamilton  &  Co  in  the  ownership  and  man- 
agement of  this  celebrated  Stock  Farm,  with  increased  facilities,  will  make  a 
specialty  of  breeding  Berkshire  Hogs  and  Southdown  Sheep,  withoutregard  to  cost, 
from  the  purest  and  most  royal  strains  of  imported  blood. 

My    BERKSHIRE!    PIGS 

For  this  Fall  delivery  will  wei^-h  100  pounde  at  li  weeks  of  age,  and  for  INDIVID- 
UAL MERIT  cunnot  be  excelled  in  the  United  Slates.  The)  will  make  show  hoge 
against  any  and  all  competitors  and  are  being  engaged  every  day. 

S.  BROWN  ALLEN,  Staunton,  Virginia,  (Succes.sor  to  H.  A.  S.  Hamilton  &  Co.) 


We  positively  guarantee  to  breed 
and  .ship  the  Vi-.KY  BKsT  strains  of 
thoroughbred  registered  LARGE 
ENGLISH  BERKSHIRE 
Hogs  for  LKSS  MON  EY  than  any  other 
firm  in  the  U.  S.,  the  superiority  of  our 
stock  considered  Send  us  your  order 
and  we  will  satisfy  you  both  in  price 
and  stock,  WALTER  B.  FLEMING, 

Proprietor  ol  the  Bridle  Creek  Stock  Firm,  Warrenton, 


1903.  J 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


7-^9 


LIFT  THE  QUARANTINE. 
Interesting  Announcement  to  Farm- 
ers AND  Cattle  Shippers. 
The  appended  notice  will  be  interest- 
ing to  farmers: 

OfBce  of  State  Veterinarian, 

Blacksburg,  Va. 
Notice   to   Stockmen,    Railroad    Com- 
panies, and  Others  doing  Business  in 
the  State: 

The  cattle  quarantine  through  the 
State  of  Virginia  will  be  raised  Novem- 
ber 1,  1903,  to  remain  so  until  January 
31,  1904.  Thus  during  the  months  of 
November  and  December,  1903,  and 
January,  1904,  cattle  may  be  trans- 
ported to  and  from  any  portion  of  the 
State  without  quarantine  restrictions. 
And  it  is  ordered  That  all  stock  pens 
which  may  have  been  reserved  for  the 
use  of  cattle  from  the  quarantine  dis- 
trict, prior  to  November  1st,  next,  shall 
not  be  used  for  receiving  or  storing 
cattle  from  the  quarantined  district 
which  have  been  inspected  and  passed. 
nor  for  cattle  originating  outside  of 
the  quarantined  district,  except  when 
such  cattle  are  intended  for  immediate 
slaughter. 

By  order  of  the  Board  of  Control. 
J.  G.  Fernethough, 
State  Veterinarian. 


THE  STATE  POULTRY  SHOW. 

The  annual  show  of  the  Virginia 
Poultry,  Pigeon  and  Pet  Stock  Asso- 
ciation is  becoming  an  event  of  im- 
portance to  the  breeders  of  fancy  poul- 
try and  other  stock,  not  only  through- 
out Virginia,  but  a  number  of  ad.1oin- 
Ing  states.  The  importance  of  the 
poultry  industry  is  coming  to  front 
more  forcibly  from  year  to  year  and 
the  poultry  show  is  the  educator  that 
Is  largely  responsible  for  its  growth. 
A  handsome  premium  list  has  been 
Issued  which  gives  all  information,  and 
those  interested  should  send  for  It  at 
once  as  the  entries  close  November 
12th.  Address  the  Secretary,  Frank 
Jenkins,  517  W.  Broad  street,  Rich- 
mond. The  show  will  be  held  Thanks- 
giving week,  November  23-28,  when  re- 
duced rates  will  be  In  effect  on  all 
railroads.  The  Masonic  Temple  is  un- 
surpassed as  a  show  room,  all  stock 
will  be  fed  and  cared  for  and  the  best 
judges  will  place  the  awards. 


SHE  GOT  THE  CANDY. 

It  was  a  Chicago  child,  not  yet  three 
years  old.  who,  having  been  punished 
by  her  mother,  called  up  her  father  on 
the  telephone  for  sympathy.  "Papa," 
was  the  call  that  his  stenographer 
heard  on  answering  the  ring. 

"Why,  it's  the  baby,"  she  said  to  her 
employer.  The  startled  man,  with 
visions  of  disaster  in  his  mind,  caught 
the  receiver  and  said, — 

"What  is  It,  baby?" 

"Mamma  'panked  me,"  came  the  re- 
ply. 

"What  do  you  want  me  to  do  about 
It?"  asked  the  relieved  and  amused 
parent. 
■  "Come  right  home  and  bring  me  a 
pound  of  candy,"  said  the  child. — No- 
vemlier  Lippincott'l. 


ARMOUR'S  BLOOD  MEAL°rc'.tT 

First  proved  by  the  Kansas  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  and  sinc« 

corroborated  by  thousands  of  leading  stockmen  who  have  used  it  without 

•  single  failure.      Equally  effective  for  the  diarrhea  of  all  animala. 

PREVENTS  wealc  bones,  paraljsis  of  the  hind  legs  and  "thumps" 

in  pigs;  "big  head"  of  foals;    "riclcets"  of  all   young   animals; 

abortion  due  to  incomplete  nutrition,  and  a  host  of  other  troubles. 

A  Potent  Food  for  Work  Horses,  Dairy  Cows,  Poultry. 

Write  us  for  booklet  gfiving  valuable  information  about  Blood  Meal  and  our 
other  feeding  products.  Consult  us  free  o£  charge  regarding  stock  diseases. 

THE  ARMOUR  FERTILIZER  WORKS, 
Chicago.        Omaha.        Baltimore.         Atlanta.        Jacksonville. 


SUNNY     HOME     HERD    OF 

ABEROEEN-ANGUS    CATTLE. 

Baron  Roseboy,  67666,  by  the  great  Gay  Blackbird,  dam  by  Eulalles  E!rlc,  2d  prlz* 
yearling  at  Columbian  Exposition,  1893,  beads  the  herd.  Pedigree  means  only  the  tracing 
of  good  or  bad  qualities  through  several  generations.  The  animals  comprising  this  herd 
are  direct  descendants  of  the  greatest  prize  winners  of  the  breed  fdr  the  rast  twenty-flve 
years.    Does  this  mean  anything  to  you,  who  ■•  ni  an  animal  of  this  the  GREAT- 

EST BEEF  BREED?    If  so,  come  and  see  thebest  lot  of  calves  we  ever  bred,  or  writ*. 

A.  L.  FRENCH,  Proprietor,  R.  F.  D.  2  ,  Byrdvillo,  V». 

(Note  change  of  P.   O.   address). 
Depot  and  shipping  point,  Fitzgerald,  N.  C,  on  D.  &  W.  R'y,  24  mlleB  southwest  of  D»n- 
:vllle,  Va. 


X 

X  CiSMONT  DORSETS 

X 

X  CISMONT    STOCK    FARM  offers  well  developed  young 

•W  Dorsets  of  the  best  blood  of  England  and  America. 


X     Prices   Reasonable. 


G.  S.  LINDENKOHL,  Keswick,  Albemarle  Co.,  Va. 


JERSEY   CATTLE. 

We  have  for  sale,  Voung  Cows,  Heifers  and  Voungr  Bulls, 
from  cows  testing  i8  to  »4  Ibf,  of  butter  in  se-ven  days,  and  giving 
40  to  60  lbs.  of  milk  per  day.     Also — 

LARGE   YORKSHIRE  PIGS, 

The  coming  bacon  breed.  Our  stock  is  from  the  most  noted  breeders  in 
England  and  Canada. 


Write  for  prices.     Address — 


BOWMONT  FARMS. 


SALEM, 
VIRGINIA. 


FRUIT  GROWERS,  read  the  best  fruit  paper.  SEND  10  CENTS  and  the  names  sad 
addresses  of  10  fruit  growers  to  SOUTHERN  FRUIT  GROWER,  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  for  ( 
months'  trial  subscription.  Sample  Free  If  you  mention  this  paper.  Regular  prle*.  SO*. 
a  year.    Best  authority  on  fruit  growing. 


730 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[November 


EMILY'S   CHARGE. 
A   Serial   Tale   by   Mary   Washington. 

CIIXPTEB    V. 

Soon  after  the  episode  recorded  in 
the  last  chapter,  the  orphans  set  out 
for  their  new  home.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Wheeler  gave  them  a  hearty  welcome, 
and  they  soon  arranged  their  furniture 
and  effects  so  as  to  make  their  cottage 
home  quite  comfortable,  and  even  at- 
tractive, and  they  felt  as  well  pleased 
with  it  as  if  it  had  been  a  brown- 
stone  residence  on  Fifth  avenue.  The 
furniture  was  not  of  a  showy  kind,  but 
consisted  of  carefully  kept  old  family 
pieces  each  with  a  history  attached  to 
It.  They  had  a  few  fine  engravings 
and  portraits,  and  a  good  stock  of 
books  which  lent  an  air  of  refinement 
to  their  home. 

Emily  now  felt  the  value  of  the  sys- 
tematic habits  and  practical  instruc- 
tion she  had  derived  from  her  mother. 
The  latter  had  taught  her  (amongst 
other  useful  things)  how  to  make  ex- 
cellent bread,  which  branch  of  knowl- 
edge now  proved  most  serviceable,  en- 
abling her  to  furnish  their  table  with 
bread  at  once  palatable  and  whole- 
some. They  were  fortunate  enough 
also  to  find  a  cow  awaiting  them,  a  de- 
scendant of  one  that  their  Aunt  Me- 
lissa had  kept  there,  long  before,  and 
the  milk  and  butter  proved  valuable 
ad.iuncts  to  their  diet.  Emily  assumed 
the  brunt  of  the  household  work,  her- 
self, but  Alice  assisted  her  as  much  as 
she  was  able,  and  between  them,  they 
kept  the  cottage  in  beautiful  order. 
Walter's  share  of  the  work  was  to  j 
bring  the  water,  cut  up  and  bring  in 
the  wood  and  make  up  the  fires.  The 
gardening  season  had  opened  by  the 
time  they  reached  the  cottage,  and  Mr. 
Wheeler  was  busy  at  work  planting 
vegetables  not  only  for  home  folks  b\it 
to  market  at  the  Springs.  Emily 
turned  her  attention  at  once  to  flower 
culture,  not  only  because  she  loved 
flowers,  but  because  she  had  under- 
stood from  Mr.  Wheeler  that  there  was 
a  good  sale  for  them,  at  the  Springs, 
during  the  summer,  made  up  in  bou- 
quet and  boutonieres.  Mr.  Wheeler 
brought  her  rich  black  earth  from  the 
woods,  and  Emily  fell  diligently  to 
work  on  her  flower  garden,  assisted  by 
Walter  and  Alice.  She  had  brou.aht 
with  her  a  stock  of  sweet,  old  fash- 
ioned flowers  from  her  old  neighbor- 
hood, and  to  these  she  added  a  few  tea 
roses,  a  stock  of  geraneums  and  ver- 
benas and  of  showy,  brilliant  annuals, 
such  as  Drummond  phlox,  asters,  nas- 
turtiums, scarlet,  sage  and  others 
which  flourished  well  on  her  rich  flow- 
er bed.  under  her  careful  tendance. 

As  "May  glided  onward  into  Juno." 
the  season  began  to  open,  though  it 
w.as  not  at  its  height  till  August,  Emily 
and  the  children  were  enlivened  by 
seeing  the  stage  go  daily  between  the 
Springs  and  the  railway  station.  The 
garden  and  the  orchard  at  the  cottage 
throve  very  well,  and  every  day  or 
two,  Mr.  Wheeler  wended  his  way  to 
the  Springs  with  fruit  or  vegetables. 
Towards  the  end  of  the  summer,   he 


FAROUHAR  Portable  Saw  Mills 

'     ^^Bl^g^F  ■■^■■l  ^ith  Engine*  and  BoUers  Complete. 


lUofiU  ated  catalog  of  farm 
cliinery  and 
implemeuts, 


AJAX 

Center  Crank 
ENGINE 


with  tDKlnes  and  BoUers  Complete. 

Made  in  seven  sizes,  friction  feed,  cable 
liKlitniiig  gig,  patent  chain  set  works  and 
improved    dogs.     AJAX     Ct:NTEK 
CRANK  ENtilXES  are   conBtructed 
with  especial  reference  to  the  peculiar 
work  required  of  them.    TIub  com- 
bination of  engine  and  mill 
makes  the    best   sawmill 
outfit  on  earth. 

A.  Q.  FarquharCo.,  Ltd 

York,  Pu. 


«J 


Reg.  HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN 

CATTLE  of  the  Netherland,  De  Kol,  Clothilde,  Pietertje 

and  Artis  families.     Heavy  milkers  aud  rich  in  butter 

fal.     Stock  of  all  ages  for  sale. 

Ree.     BERKSHIRES     ^'"^   noted   strains.   Imported    Headlight,   Lord 
°'  Highclere  and  Sunrise. 

DORSET  SHEEP = 

B.  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  CHICKENS, 


N.  *  W.  and  Southern  E.  R. 


T.  O.  SANDY,  Burkeville,  Va. 


X<<Strjt3t3t:<t3t^<3t<*t:^tXX3t3t3fXX3t3U3^^ 


117 r  npppP  ^  ^<'w  well-bred  registered  Jersey 
Bull  and  heifer  Calves  at  $30  each. 
They  are  four  months  old  and  from  best  strains  of  this 
breed  ;  also  a  few  young  Berkshire  boars  large  enough 
for  service  at  $15  each,  aud  pigs  eight  weeks  old  at  $6 
each — by  pair  or  trio,  not  akin. 

M.   B.    ROWE  &  CO.,  -  Fredericksburg,   Va 


we««j»3cje»e««je«t>:je««>.'«««««>>:*:jc>:>c«^ 


POLAND 


CHINAS. 


I  have  a  limited  number  of  pigs  by 
my  fine  boars  Gray's  Big   Chief,  57077;  OKAY's  BIG  CHIEF.  57077. 

and  Victor  G,  57075,  and  can  furnish  pairs  not  aljin  or  related  to  those  previonsly 
purchased.  Young  boars  and  sows  of  all  ages  Send  to  headquarters  and  get  the 
l)esttrom  the  oldest  and  largest  herd  of  Poland-Chinas  in  this  State  at  one-half 
Western  prices.    Address  J.  B.  GRAY,  Fredericksburg,  Va. 


THE   OAKS 

Has  for  sale,  the  grand  Shorthorn  bull,  "Rock  Hill  Abbotts- 
burn"  155113,  a  grandson  of  Mary  Abbottsburn  7tb  ;  also  a  nice 
lot  of  Calves,  Bulls  and  Heifers;  2  Reg.  Morgan  Colts  a.t  a 
bargain  B.  B.  BUCHANAN,  Bedford  City,  Va. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


731 


carried  some  dandy  little  bouquets  of 
scarlet  sage  or  geraneum,  tastefully 
blended  with  other  flowers.  The 
peaches,  pears  and  grapes  coming  into 
market  by  about  this  time  also  sold 
very  readily,  so  while  Mr.  Wheeler's 
modest  marketing  did  not  bring  in  any 
marvellous  influx  of  money  either  to 
himself  or  the  orphans,  still  it  was 
enough  to  supply  them  simple  and 
moderate  wants  for  several  months, 
and  moreover  he  raised  enough  vege- 
tables to  supply  the  table  of  both  fam- 
ilies, besides. 

Whilst  busy  with  her  flowers  and 
household  cares,  Emily  did  not  for- 
get the  important  duty  of  instructing 
Walter  and  Alice.  She  was  well  fitted 
to  teach,  not  only  from  having  had 
good  advantages  of  education  herself, 
but  because  she  had  a  gift  for  convey- 
ing information  to  children,  and  stim- 
ulating their  minds.  In  addition  to 
the  formal  routine  of  school,  she  took 
great  pains  in  forming  and  directing 
the  literary  taste  of  her  brother  and 
sister,  the  more  so  as  she  looked  chief- 
ly to  literature  to  supply-  any  defi 
ciency  that  might  exist  in  their  school 
training.  She  used  often  to  quote  a 
remark  of  her  mother's,  that  whoever 
loved  nature  and  literature  could  never 
be  utterly  lonely,  as  they  would  always 
have  two  delightful  and  cheering  com 
panions.  They  fortuunately  had  a  very 
choice  collection  of  books,  saved  from 
the  wrecks  of  their  fortune,  and 
Emily  unpacked  these,  she  recalled  a 
cheering  passage  from  Channing's 
noble  essay  on  "Self  Culture."  to  the 
effect  that  no  one  need  consider  his 
roof  a  poor  one  when  it  holds  beneath 
its  shelter  such  kingly  guests  as  Mil- 
ton, Shakespeare  and  other  great 
writers. 

In  the  autumn  her  promised  school 
was  given  her,  and  the  Trustees,  with 
kindly  consideration,  located  it  near 
the  cottage.  Emily,  of  course,  had  oc- 
casional difficulties  to  contend  with  in 
the  shape  of  stupid,  unruly  or  obsti- 
nate pupils,  but  take  it  all  in  all,  her 
school  was  very  satisfactory,  and  she 
worked  in  it  gladly,  both  because  she 
loved  the  work  itself,  and  because  it 
enabled  her  to  support  those  whom 
she  loved;  so  though  she  "led  laborious 
days,"  they  were  cheerful  ones.  She 
carried  on  her  work  with  zest  and 
vitality,  and  infused  some  of  the  same 
spirit  into  her  pupils.  She  had  no  ar- 
bitrary rules  for  them;  only  a  few 
simple  and  reasonable  ones,  on  a  com- 
pliance with  which  she  insisted. 

She  gave  her  pupils  a  great  deal  of 
oral  instruction,  thereby  makin 
things  much  more  clear  and  compre- 
hensible to  them.  In  short,  she  fig- 
ured out  for  herself  a  sort  of  kinder- 
garten system.  She  tried  the  same 
plan  she  had  found  so  advanta.geous  to 
Walter  and  Alice.  She  read  aloud 
daily  to  her  scholars,  making  judicious 
selections,  and  reading  with  an  ani- 
mation and  expressiveness  that  gave 
life  and  clearness  to  the  reading. 

Sometimes  she  could  not  help  feel- 
ing a  little  anxious  about  Walter's  and 


.HEREFORD   CATTLE. 

tjervice  Bulls;  Imported  5alisbury  76059  (19083),  a  grand- 1 
sou  f  the  f;imou.s  Grove  od  2490,  aud  a  descendant  of  the) 
world  renowned  Lord  Wilton  4057  from  the  4th  generation. 

Snowball,  the  dam  "f  Salisbury,  is  now  in  the  herd  of  His 
Majesty  King  Edward  VII. 

Lars,  Jr.,  is  by  La's  of  Western  fame  and  his  dam  is  Judy  out  of  a  Sir  Kichard 
•-'nd  cow  This  makes  a  great  combination  of  the  Grove  3d,  Lord  Wilton,  Anxiety. 
Peerless  Wilton  and  Sir  Kichard  2nd  strains.     No  better  breeding  in  the  world  today, 

FOK  SALK — Yearling  bulls  by  above  sires  WANTED— Reg  Hereford  heifers,  18 
to  24  months  old,  not  bred;  will  exchange  bulls  for  heifers  of  equal  quality. 

Extremely  low  price.s  to  close  out  this  bunch;  only  a  ftw  left. 

Write  vour  needs  or  call  and  make  your  own  selection. 

MURRAY  BOOCOCK,  Owner,  Keswick,  Alb.  Coja.  S^<5SarlXsVMiS:^.?A: 


Bacon    Hall   Farm. 

Hereford  REGiSTEREoGattle 

"TOP"  BREEDING,  CALVES  NOT  AKIN. 
MOTTO    Satisfaction  or  no  sale. 

E.  M.  QILLET  &  SON,      =      Glencoe,  Haryland. 

,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ^  ,  ,  I   ,  ,  ,i  ,  ,  n  mi  T  .  II  II  1  I  11  I.  »  ii  V  ^'  T  m  I  t  I  1  I  1  1  t  1  1.  i  IL  i.  1  i  g 


VIRGINIA  HEREFORDS. 

Herd  headed  by  the  Champion 

PRINCE  RUPERT,  79539. 

Correspondence  Solicited.      Inspection  Invited. 

EDWARD  G.  BUTLER, 

Annefield  Farms.         BRIGGS,  Clarke  Co,  Va. 


PRINCE  RUPERT.  79,539 


ROSEMONT  HEREFORDS. 

-^^^^/a'm^'us  acrobat  68460, 

Assisted  by  Marquis  of  Salisbury  16th  138891,  the  best 

son  of  Imp  irted  Salisbury.     Correspondence 

S'llicited.     Visitors  welcome 

C.  E.  CLAPP.   Berryville,   Clarke  Co.,  Va. 


^cnTO^■\  sa'VBn, 


POLAND=CHINAS. 

Choice  Pigs,  Boars  aud  bred  Sows  of  best 
breeding  and  individuality. 

Shorthora  Bull  and  Heifer  Calves. 

Write  for  prices  and  testimonials. 
Cboice   stock  at  farmer's  prices. 
J.  F.  DURRETTE,  BIrdwood,  Alb.  Co.,  Va. 


When   corresponding  with  onr  advertisers  always  mention  the 
Bouthem  Planter. 


733- 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[November 


Alice's  education  when  they  should  be 
a  few  years  older.  She  did  not  feel  so 
much  disturbed  about  Alice  as  about 
Walter,  however.  She  had  seen  so 
many  girls  acquire  something  of  learn- 
ing, at  boarding  schools,  and  superfi- 
cial accorapMshraents  which  they 
dropped  in  a  few  years,  that  she  felt 
no  desire  for  Alice  to  do  likewise.  Alice 
showed  no  turn  either  for  music  or 
drawing,  which  lessened  Emily's  re- 
gret at  her  mobility  to  have  her  in- 
structed in  these  branches.  She  might 
have  tau.ght  her  music,  herself,  but  for 
lack  of  an  instrument,  but  as  it  was, 
she  resolved  to  teach  her  thoroughly 
and  carefully  in  all  the  other  branches 
In  which  she  herself  was  versed,  not 
neglectin.g  needle  work  and  bread 
making,  two  branches  which  like  the 
famous  "low  voice"  of  Cordelia,  are 
"excellent  things  in  a  woman."  She 
aimed  also  to  make  Alice  a  thorough 
student  of  the  English  language,  for 
amid  the  multifarious  branches  taught 
nowadays,  the  structure  of  ones  own 
language  is  not  studied  as  closely  as 
it  should  be.  nor  are  its  vast  and  no- 
ble resources  sufficiently  mastered. 

Abo\it  Walter,  she  could  not  make 
her  mind  quite  so  easy.  She  could  not 
shut  her  eyes  to  the  fact  that  in  a 
few  years,  he  would  need  another 
teacher  than  herself,  in  some  branches 
but  she  tried  to  take  short  views  of 
life,  and  to  dismiss  this  anxiety,  trust- 
ing that  an  opening  would  be  made 
for  him,  when  his  need  arose. 

The  orphans  found  winter  in  the 
mountains  more  severe  than  they  had 
been  accustomed  to,  but  good  Mr. 
Wheeler  was  careful  to  supply  them 
well  with  fire  wood,  so  they  suffered 
b>it  little  from  the  rigor  of  the 
weather. 

When  Christmas  came,  their  festiv- 
ities consisted  chiefly  in  decorating 
the  cottage  profusely  with  evergreens, 
interspersed  with  red  berries,  and  the 
waxy  white  berries  of  the  mistletoe 
which  Walter  scaled  the  top  of  a  gi- 
gantic oak  to  obtain. 

For  a  year  or  two  after  this,  these 
annals  scarcely  afford  anything  suffi- 
ciently eventful  to  retail  to  our  readers. 
Their  life  went  on  in  much  the  same 
routine  as  we  have  already  described. 
Year  by  year,  the  little  cottage  grew 
more  comfortable  and  homelike,  and 
the  flower  garden,  larger  and  more 
flourishing.  By  dint  of  economy  and 
ingenuity,  they  gradually  introduced 
more  and  more  conveniences  and  re- 
finements into  their  little  home.  Every 
thing  In  it  had  a  history,  a  memory,  a 
sentiment  attached  to  it,  for  it  was 
partly  filled  with  old  family  furniture 
and  pictures,  and  partly  with  things 
that  had  been  gifts,  or  had  been  pro- 
vided by  their  own  efforts  or  Ingenu- 
ity The  book  shelves,  for  Instance, 
were  Walter's  work,  he  having  a  con- 
siderable mechanical  turn,  and  his 
wits  having  been  sharpened  moreover, 
by  their  having  no  place  to  keep  the 
books.  On  the  mantel  piece  was  a  pair 
of  little  vases  he  had  given  Emily  one 
Christmas,  bought  with  a  little  fund 


NOW  IS  THE  TIME  to  buy  HOLSTEINS  from  the  Ury  Farm  Herd. 

Ury  Alwlna  Count  Paul  De  Kol;  De  Kol  2nd  Butter  Boy  3rd  No.  2,  and  Lord  Harford  De  Kol  head 
our  herd.  You  know  their  oificlal  backing.  There  Is  nothing  better.  15  bull  calves  at  bargain 
prices.  Their  dams  are  of  the  De  Kol,  Aaggle,  Netherland,  Pietertje  and  Clotblde  strains  and  are  of 
'he  producing  kind.  The  best  bulls  are  sold  young;  also  a  few  cows  and  heifers.  Choice  ENGLISH 
BERKSHIRE  pigs  of  the  best  strains.     Before  buying,  correspond  with  or  visit 

THOS.  FASSITT  &  SONS,  Sylmar,  Md. 


....   REGISTERED   .... 

Pigs  from  -4  to  6   months  old      Boars   ready  for  service,  and 
young  sows  with  pigs.     Prices   Reasonable.     Apply  to  ...  . 

GRAVES,  Barboursville,  Va. 


ABERDEEN  ANGUS  DULLS 

FOR    SALE,. 
"Every  Bull  a  Show  Bull." 

The  choicest  lot  of  young  bulls  in  Southwest  Vir- 
ginia, all  out  of  prize  winning  families  at  low  prices. 
Oo  you  want  a  bargain?  If  so,  come  and  see  us,  or 
Address  W.  P.  ALLEN,  I'rop  of  Glen  Allen  Stock 
Farm,  Walnut  Hill,  Va. 


;::  2,000,000   ELBERTA    PEACH   TREES  t.t 


We  ofler  2,000,000  Eiberta  June  Buds,  besides  a  large  stock  of  Belle  of  Georgia, 
Mamie  Koss,  Carmen,  Greeneboro,  etc.  Big  assortment  of  2-year  Pear  and  Cherry, 
and  small  fruit  plants.     Write  for  Catalogue. 

CHATTANOOGA   NURSERIES,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

Rkfebbn'ces  :     Hamilton  Trust  &  Saviugs  Bank;  N.  Dietzen  &  Bro.,  Chattanooga; 
Dunn's  Mercantile  Agency;  Southern  Planter. 


Do  You  Ship  Apples? 

If  so,  let  us  call  your  attention  to  the  California  and  Oregon  apple 
boxes,  the  coming  packages  for  nice  apples,  particularly  for  foreign 
shipments.  SOUTHSIDE  M'F'G.  CO.,  Petersburg,  Va. 


For  The  Whole  World!  S 


5a w  Mills 


Big  Ones  and  Little  Ones ! 


All  sizes  Irom  4..H.  P.  Farmers'  Mill  tbat  cuts  3,000  leel'a'diy,  op  to  the  bluest  that's  made. 
OVER   10,000  DELOACH  PATENT  SAW  MILLS  IN  USE. 

Our  Large  Catalog 
No.  66 

will   interest   you.      It  illus- 
trates and  tells  all  about  the 
^  ^^a^^^^BB^^^   A^uj^  ^  famous  DeLoach  Patent  Va- 

2  ^^^^Hs^^^^B  JH^?^ .     Hw  riable  Friction    Feed    Saw 

^        ^^'■^'~'  ^  ^■r  r  -^-=aJB«^  nills.  Shingle  Mills,  Plauers, 

Edgers,  Trimmers,  Stave  and 
Lath  Mills,  Bolters,  Cord 
Wood  and  Drag  Saws,  Corn 
and  BuhrMilLs,  Water  Wheels, 
Mill  Gearing,  Pulleys,  Shaft- 
ing, Etc. 

Please  mention  the  .Sodtheric 
Planter  when  writing  ns. 
We  will  appreciate  It. 

,Ga  NlWYOIkBlQrcD.IUI 

The  Largest  Saw  Mill  Manufacturing  Plant  In  the  World. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


733 


UNTIL  YOU    HAVE    INVESTIGATED 

the:  master  workman" 

A  two-cylinrier  gasoline  engine  :  superior  to  all  one-cylinder  engines.    Costs  less  to  buy  nud  less  to  run.    Quicker  and  easier  started.    Has  a  wider 
sphere  of  usefulness.    Has  no  vibration;  can  be  mounted -on  any  light  wagon  as  a  portable,    w  elgbb  less  than  balj^of_^one-_cyHndej_engines.    Give  siz« 
of  engine  required.    .^Izes  IH,  2,  aj-i,  4,  r,,  6,  S,  10  and  15  horse  power 
and  irnb  Sts..  (JHirAtiO. 


DON'T  BUY  GASOLINE  ENGINES 


Mention  this  paper.    Send  for  catalogue.    THE  TEMPLE  PUMP  CO.,  Meagher 


be  had  obtained  by  selling  chestnuts, 
and  his  sister  prized  them  more  than 
if  they  had  been  of  the  finest  Sevres 
China.  Some  pleasant  association  was 
linked  with  every  article  in  their  sim- 
ple household,  and  thus  their  little  pos- 
sessions gave  them  more  satisfaction 
than  is  felt  by  a  wealthy  person  who 
has  only  to  own  his  furniture  and 
adornments  from  trades  people. 
(To  be  continued.) 


GOOD  HOUSEKEEPING. 
^^■.\F^LES. 
Take  two  pints  of  flour  and  one  of 
meal  and  sift  them  together,  add  a 
heaping  teaspoon  of  salt  and  three 
well  beaten  eggs  and  enough  butter- 
milk to  'make  a  thin  batter  (an  old 
cook's  rule  was  to  have  them  as  thick 
as  strained  honey)  dissolve  a  teaspoon 
of  soda  in  a  little  warm  water  and  add 
It  to  the  mixture.  Make  the  waffle 
irons  very  hot  and  cook  the  waffles 
quickly,  serve  at  once. 


SALLY  LUNN. 

Two  Qiiarts  of  flour,  one  quart  of 
milk  and  a  cup  of  yeast,  and  five  eggs 
nearly  a  cup  of  butter  and  lard  mixed. 
a  tablespoon  of  sugar  and  a  teaspoon 
of  salt.  Beat  all  these  well  together 
and  set  it  in  a  warm  place  to  rise. 
After  dinner  beat  it  down  well  and  put 
it  into  a  greased  cake  pan  and  let  it 
rise  again.  Cook  as  you  do  lightbread 
and  serve  very  hot. 


ENGLISH    HOE   CAKES. 

Two  quarts  of  flour  and  three  eggs. 
half  cup  of  butter  or  butter  and  lard 
mixed,  a  cup  of  yeast.  Mix  up  with 
new  milk  into  a  dough  as  stiff  as  bis 
cuit  dough  and  let  it  rise  all  night.  In 
the  morning  roll  out  the  dough  about 
three  quarters  of  an  inch  thick  and 
cut  into  squares  with  a  sharp  knife. 
Let  them  rise  and  lust  before  you  need 
them  fry  on  a  very  hot  griddle,  or  bake 
in  a  very  hot  oven  for  fifteen  minutes. 
These  are  not  good  after  they  begin  to 
get  cool,  so  thev  should  be  served  as 
quickly  as  possible. 


.STjrOTHERED    CHIC^-CEN. 

Always  try  to  have  the  chickens 
killed  the  dav  before  you  use  them.  It 
is  best  to  have  a  large  frying  sized 
chicken  for  smothering.  Split  them 
down  the  back  and  fold  the  wings  and 
legs  under.  lay  them  in  a  pan  of 
slightly  salt  water  awhile  before  cook- 
ing. When  ready  to  cook  put  them  in 
a  pan,  rub  them  well  with  butter. 
sprinkle  salt  and  pepper  over  them  and 
put  two  or  three  slices  of  bacon  in  the 
pan.  Ptit  about  a  quart  of  water  to 
two  chickens  and  set  them  inside  the 
stove.  Let  them  cook  slowly,  and 
baste  frequently.  When  done  take  out 
and  make  a  gravy  with  the  water  in 


This  cut  is  not  the 
machme  but    sim- 
ply shows  the 
ner  of  fastening 
the  steel  rope  to 
the  stump.     We 
cannot  tell  you 
all  about  it 
here.   Our  cat- 
aloirue    shows 
Full  Line  of 
Stump 


PULLS 


Yellow  Pine  Stumps 
or  Trees. 

Our  new  2-Horse 


«=«&  Hawkeye 

is  built  for  that  pur- 
pose and  does  it 
rapidly  and  cheap- 
ly. A  machine  that 

will  puil  yellow  pine 
stumps  will  pull  al- 
most any  thing^  else.  It 
is  being  used  by  many 
planters  and  most  of 
the  leadinc  R.  R.  and 
levee  contractore.  It 
has  3  times  the  power 
^_  of ourmachinesforor- 
~^^^  dinaryworl:  and  pulls 
S  a<^-rcs  at  a    getting. 

Milne  Mfg.  Co., 

834  Eighth  St., 
Monmouthy  III. 


TheHESSLER 

ROUND,  STRONG,  DURABLE 


No  Flip-Flap  Contrivances. 

You  can  scrape  the  mail  out  with  your  ^g»^ 

mittens  on.  PRICE 

A  square  box  is  bothersome.  $1.00.  ^3 

Our  box  is  the  best  and  cheapest,  fully  up  to  me  goverumeut  s  requirements. 

X)ISC;OTT3:TT     IIT     DOZEiT     XjOTS. 

H.  E.  HESSLER  CO.,  Dept.  Z.,  Syracuse,  New  York. 


VIRGINIA    DIVISION. 


Farmers  Mutual  Benefit  Association 

A  Fire  Insurance  Association,  chartered  by  the  State  of  Virginia,  for 
farmers,  under  an  amended  and  well  protected  plan. 

Insures  in  counties  surrounding  and  accessible  to  Richmond,  against  Fire 
and  Lightning,  only  country  property — no  stores  or  unsafe  risks.  Policy-holdere 
amply  secured — all  legitimate  losses  paid.  Average  cost  per  year  less  than  other 
plans,  and  a  great  saving  to  farmers.  Amount  of  property  now  Insured.  $330,000, 
and  increasing  yearly.     Estimated  securiey  in  real  and  other  estate,  $750,000. 

For  further  information,  address,  CHAS.  N.  FRIEND,  General  Agent, 

MENTION  THIS  .JOURNAL.  CHESTER,  VIRGINIA. 


734 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[November 


tbe  pan  by  adding  a  well  beaten  egi; 
and  two  or  three  spoons  of  browned 
flour  creamed  with  a  large  tablespoon 
of  butter.  Pour  it  around  the  chicken 
and  garnish  the  dish  with  parsley. 
Serve  hot. 


CHEAP   FIU'IT  C.VKE. 

This  is  not  only  a  cheap  fruit  cake. 
but  one  of  the  best  I  know  of  and  wiil 
prove  perfectly  satisfactory  except 
where  the  real  black  cake  is  desired. 

Three  heaping  cups  of  flour.  Two 
cups  of  sugar.  Two  cups  of  butter.  Six 
eges  beaten  separately  and  very  light 
Half  pound  of  raisins.  Half  pound  of 
currants.  Quarter  of  a  pound  of  cit- 
ron. One  teaspoon  of  cinnamon,  one  of 
nutmeg  and  one  of  cloves.  One  glass 
of  brandy.  Cream  the  butter  and  sugar 
together,  then  add  the  yolks  of  the 
eggs,  and  then  stir  in  the  fruit  which 
is  floured,  and  lastly  sift  in  the  flour. 
bake  slowly  in  a  loaf  or  in  small  pans. 


# 


TH.VNKSr.IVINC    APPLE   PIE. 

Pare  the  apples  and  stew  them  with 
very  little  water  until  they  can  be  put 
through  a  collander.  Sweeten  them 
and  season  with  cloves  and  allspice. 
Make  a  rich  pastry  dough  and  line 
your  pie  plate  with  it,  put  the  apples 
in  and  sprinkle  a  layer  of  seeded  rai 
sins  over  them,  then  put  on  a  top  crust 
and  bake.  Sprinkle  the  tops  with 
powdered  sugar  and  serve  either  hot 
or  cold. 


SWEET   POTATO    PIE.  ' 

One  quart  of  potatoes  mashed  ami  j 
put  throu.eh  a  collander.  one  cup  of 
butter,  six  eg.^s.  beaten  separately, 
four  cups  of  sugar,  two  cups  of  rich  ( 
milk,  one  small  glass  of  brandv  or 
whiskev,  vanilla,  nutmeg  and  cinna- 
mon. Save  the  whites  till  tho  last  then 
stir  them  in.  Bake  in  a  rich  paste  and 
serve  cold. 


THE  BEST  SPOXOE  CAKE. 

One  pound  of  sugar.  Ten  e.cgs. 
Three  quarters  of  a  pound  of  flour,  the 
Juice  and  rind  of  one  lemon.  Beat  the 
whites  and  yolks  separately  and  then 
mix  the  yolks  and  the  sugar  slowly 
beating  hard  all  the  time,  to  these  add 
the  flour  and  the  whites  alternately 
just  folding  them  in  without  beating. 
Lastly  add  the  lemon  and  bake  very 
quickly  in   a  loaf. 


CINCER    CAKE. 

Two  pounds  of  flour,  one  of  butter 
and  lard  mixed.  (I  sometimes  use 
altogether  lard.)  One  pound  of  sugar, 
light  brown  is  best,  one  pint  of  molas- 
ses, three  ounces  of  ground  ginger,  one 
teaspoon  of  cinnamon,  and  one  tea- 
spoon of  soda.  Roll  and  cut  Into 
shapes.  Caraven. 


'^ 


Your  money  back 

If  you  are  not  satisfied 

DO  YOU  SUPPOSE  that  a  company  with  a  capital  of  8500,000.00,  paid  In  full,  and  the 
proud  reputation  ot  36  years  of  continuous  success,  would  make  such  an  oSer  and  not  carry 
It  out  to  the  letter? 

DO  YOU  SUPPOSE  we  would  jeopardize  our  standing  with  the  public  and  our  chances    ;• 
Of  still  greater  success  by  failint;  to  fulfil  any  promise  we  make  ? 

DO  YOU  SUPPOSE  we  would  make  such  an  offer  if  we  did  not  have  the  utmost  confi- 
dence in  the  satisfying  quality  of  our  goods  ?  ; 

WE  KNOW  we  can  please  you  and  save  you  money,  for  HAYNER  WHISKEY  goes 
direct  from  our  distillery  to  vou,  with  all  its  orierinal  richness  and  flavor,  carrying  a  UNITED    .' 
STATES  REGISTERED  DISTILLER'S  GUARANTEE  ot  PURITY  and  AGE  and  saving    I 
you  the  big  profits  of  the  dealers.  That's  why  it's  best  for  medicinal  purposes.  That's  why 
It's  preferred  tor  other  uses.    That's  why  we  are  regularly  supplying  over  a  quarter  of  a 
million  satisfied  customers.    That's  why  YOU  should  try  it 

Direct  from  our  distillery  to  YOU 

Sav«s  Dealers'  Profits  I   Prevents  Adulteration !  "^"^ 

HAYNER  WHISREY 

PURE  SEVEN-YEAR-OLD  RYE 

4     FULL    $0:20  EXPRESS 
QUARTS  O      PREPAID 

We  will  send  you  FOUR  FULL  QUARTS  of  HA'YNER'S  SEVEN-YEAR- 
OLD  RYE  for  83.20,  and  we  will  pay  the  express  charges.  When  you  receive 
the  whiskey,  try  it  and  If  you  don't  find  it  all  right  and  as  good  as  you  ever 
drank  or  can  buy  from  any  body  else  at  any  price,  then  send  it  back  at  our 
expense  and  your  S3. 20  will  be  returned  to  you  by  next  mail.  How  could 
an  oiler  be  fairer?  We  take  all  the  risk  and  stand  all  the  expense,  if 
the  goods  do  not  please  you.  Won't  you  let  us  send  you  a  trial  order?  We 
ship  in  a  plain  sealed  case:  no  marks  to  show  what's  inside. 

Orders  for  Ariz.,  Cal.,  C!ol.,  Idaho,  Mont.,  Nev..  N.  Mex..  Ore..  Utah,  Wash, 
or  Wto.,  must  be  on  the  basis  of  4  Onarts  for  »4.00  by  Express 
Fiepaid  or  »0  (^aarts  (or  S16.00  by  Freisbt  Prepaid. 

Write  our  nearest  office  and  do  it  NOW. 

THE  HAYNER  DISTILLING  COMPANY 

ATlANTAi  GA.  DAYTON,  OHIO  ST.  LOUIS,  Mft  ST.  PAUL,  MINN. 

1S6  Distuxxbt.  Tbot.  O.         Estabushxd  1866. 


MERCHANTrNATiONAt  BANK 

OF    RICHMOND,     VIRGINIA. 
Capital  Stock,  ...  $200,000.00 

Surplus  and   Profits,  -  -  $672,445.75 

Designated  Depo.sitory  of  the  United  States,  City  of  Richmond  and  Commonwealth 

of  Virginia. 

Being  the  Largest  Depository  for  Banks  between  Baltimore  and  New  Orleans,  this 

Bank  offers  superior  facilities  for  direct  and  quick  collections. 


JNO.  P.  BRANCH. 

Presl^lent 


JNO.  K.  BRANCH, 

Vice-President. 


JOHNF.GLKSN, 

Cashier. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


735 


..Thanksgiving  Supplies.. 


AI   J.    S. 


INC. 


1724    E.    MAIN    ST.,    (Cor.    18th,)     RICHMOND,    VA. 


We  furnish  everything  to  eat  for  man  and  beast,  at  the  lowest  pos- 
sible prices.    Send  us  a  trial  order.    Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Prices  subject   to   market   fluctuations.     Order  now. 
Remember,  we  are  Wholesale  and  Retail  Qro= 
cers,  Feed  and  Liquor  Dealers.  .*  /  .* .'  .* 


Levering    Coffee 10 

Granulated  Sugar,  per  lb i'i 

Light  Brown  Sugar,  per  lb il 

Daisy  Coffee,  per  lb 10 

Arbuckle's  Coffee,  per  lb 11 

Best  Green  Tea.  per  lb 75 

Choice  Green  Tea,  per  lb 60 

Best  Black  Tea,  per  lb 50 

Good  Green  Tea,  per  lb 40  &  50 

Good  Black  Tea,  per  lb 40 

Mixed  Tea,  per  lb 30.  40  &  50 

Fair  Black  Tea,  per  lb 25 

Best  Rice,  per  lb 8 

Good  Rice,   per  lb 5 

Pure  Leaf  Lard,  per  lb 10 

Good  Lard,  per  lb.,  9c.;   3  lbs 25 

Cooked  Sliced  Ham,  per  lb 12J 

Good  Salt  Pork,  per  lb 7 

Choice  Salt  Pork,  per  lb 9 

Best  Salt  Pork,  per  lb 11 

Best    Potted     Ham     and    Tongue. 

per  can    4 

Chipped  Beef,  one-half  lb 10 

New    N.    C.    Cut    Herrings,    dozen 

lOc;    or  bbl 4  25 

New   N.   C.   Roe   Herrings,   dozen. 

18c.;   or  bbl.,  $5.;  or  I  bbl 2  75 

Our  Pride  of  Richmond  Flour,  per 

bbl 4  75 

Our  Daisy  Flour,  per  bbl 4  25 

Our  Excelsior  Flour,  per  bbl 4  00 

Fresh  Soda  Crackers,  per  lb 5 

Ginger  Snaps,  per  lb 5 

New  Mixed  Nuts,  per  lb 12i 

CocoanutB,  Be;  or,  per  100 .3  50 


Fresh  Mixed  Cakes,  per  lb 8 

6  bars  Colgate's  Octagon  Soap 25 

7  bars  Octagon  Shape  Soap,  10  oz.  25 

10  bars  Moon  Soap.  R  oz 25 

12  bars  Hustler  Soap,  8  oz.  cakes.  25 

Lenox  Soap.  7  bars 25 

Small  California  Hams,  per  lb....  9 

Good  Salmon,  per  can,  9c.;  3  cans.  25 

Large  Mackerel,  each   10 

Large  Can  Good  Tomatoes 8 

Large  Can  Best  Tomatoes 9 

2-lb.  can  Best  Tomatoes,  can 6 

Large  Juicy  Lemons,  dozen 15 

Green  Coffee,  per  lb.,  9c.;   3  lbs...  25 

Qt.  Mason  Jars  of  Light  Syrup.  .  .  10 

i  gal.  can  Light  Syrup 20 

1  gal.  can  Light  Syrup 40 

I  bbl.  Clipped  Herrin.gs 2  75 

200  lbs.  Sack  SaU 85 

100  lbs.  Sack  Salt 45 

Best  Pull  Cream  Cheese,  per  lb.  ..  16 

Swiss  Cheese,  per  lb 20 

Lump  Starch,  per  lb 4 

Evaporated   Peaches,  per  lb 9 

Prunes.  7  lbs 25 

Malta  Vita,  box 12 

Can  Com,  4  cans 25 

New  Currants,  1  lb.  pkge..  12c.:   8 

oz.    pk.ge 8 

Beans,  bushel.  $2.75;   per  qt 9 

Buckwheat,  per  lb.,  5c.;   C  lbs....  25 

Seeded  Raisins.  1-lb  pkge 9 

Mother's   Oats,    pkge 9 

Quaker  Oats,  pkge 10 

Elgin  Butter,  per  lb 25 


Country  Butter,  per  lb 22 

Irish    Potatoes,    bushel 85 

Best  Water  Ground  Meal,  per  pi; .  .  20 

Best  Water  Ground  Meal.  bush...  70 
Best  Ship  Stuff,  per  100,  $1.20;  per 

ton    23  00 

Best  Bran  or  Brown  Stuff,  per  100.1  10 

Best  Mixed  Oats,  per  bush 48 

Best  No.  1  Timothy  Hay,  per  ton.  17  00 

Porto  Rico  Molasses,  per  gal 35 

New  Orleans  Molases,  per  gal....  50 

Good  Dark  Molasses,  per  gal 20 

Maple   Syrup,   I   pint 10 

3  plugs  of  any  kind  of  10c.  tobacco 

for  23c.:    such  as  Peach,   Plum, 

Sun     Cured.    Grape,    Reynold's, 

and  other  brands. 


CHOICE  WINES  AND  LIQUORS. 

Moore's  Crown,  fine,  per  gal $3  00 

Moore's  Excelsior,  fine,  per  gal..   2  00 
Moore's    Keystone,    3    years    old. 

per    gal 2  50 

Pure  Virginia  Apple  Brandy,  per 

gal 3  00 

Maryland  Apple  Brandy,  per  gal.  2  25 

Best  Gin.  per  gal 2  50 

Good  Gin.  per  gal 2  00 

Best  N.  C.  Corn  Whiskey,  per  gal.  2  00 

Blackberry  Wine,  per  gal 45 

McDermott's   Malt   Whiskey,    per 

bottle    80 

Wilson  Whiskey,  per  bottle 1  00 

Jas.  E.  Pepper  Whiskey,  bottle. .   1  00 
O'Grady's  Malt  Whiskey,  per  hot.       80 


73^ 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[November 


BARBED    WIRE: 

^-Point  Galvanized,  300  Pound  Lots,  2|  Cents. 

ASHTON  STARKE,   Richmond,  Virginia. 


For    Immediate  Orders. 


The  Review  of  Reviews  is  keeping 
up  its  reputation  as  the  best  interpre- 
ter of  the  news  of  the  day  among  our 
monthly  journals.  The  November 
number  deals  with  the  postal  investi- 
gation, the  fall  elections,  the  recent  ex- 
posures of  "high  finance"  in  trust  or- 
ganization, the  Panama  Canal  situa- 
tion, the  award  of  the  Alaska  boun- 
dary tribunal,  the  protectionist  move- 
ment In  England,  and  the  issue  in  the 
Far  East  between  Russia  and  Japan. 
Contributed  articles  describe  "Men 
and  Issues  of  the  New  York  City  Cam- 
paign," just  closing;  "The  Nation's 
Print  Shop  and  Its  Methods" — includ- 
ing a  review  of  the  famous  "Miller 
case"  and  its  outcome  and  the  whole 
question  of  the  status  of  labor  unions 
In  the  Government  Printing  Office; 
"The  Fort  Riley  Maneuvers,"  which 
began  on  October  15th;  "The  New 
Springfield  Rifle  and  the  Improvement 
In  Small  Arms";  "Galveston's  Great 
Sea  Wall";  and  "The  Rebirth  of  the 
Japanese  Language  and  Literature" — 
a  history  of  the  movement  for  the 
adoption  of  the  Roman  character  in 
writing  and  printing,  in  place  of  the 
Chinese  systems  of  picture-writing. 
Dr.  George  F.  Kunz  writes  an  authori- 
tative account  of  the  discovery  of  ra- 
dium, and  the  uses  and  properties  of 
that  wonderful  element.  In  this  num- 
ber also  appears  the  defense  of  Rus- 
sia's policy  in  Finland,  which  was  ad- 
dressed last  month  by  Minister  de 
Plehve  to  Mr.  W.  T.  Snead.  Alto- 
gether a  typically  "live"  number. 


ON  THE  INSTALMENT  PLAN. 

Mrs.  Browne. — "Oh,  what  lovely  wed- 
ding presents!  Such  beautiful  silver- 
ware and  such  rare  china!  Wasn't  it 
nice  to  get  such  presents?" 

Mrs.  Greene. — "Yes,  it  was;  but  we 
are  now  beginning  to  pay  for  them  on 
the  Instalment  plan." 

Mrs.  Browne.— "Pay  for  them?  On 
the  Instalment  plan?  Why,  Mrs. 
Greene,  what  do  you  mean?" 

Mrs.  Greene. — "Why.  the  young  peo- 
ple who  gave  us  wedding  presents  are 
getting  married,  and  we  have  to  seiv 
them  wedding  presents." — November 
Lippincott'a. 


THIRD  ANNUAL  SHOW 

—OF  THE— 

Virginia  Poultry,  Pigeon,  and  Pet  Stock  Association, 

RICHMOND,  VA.,  November  23-28,  1903, 

IN    MASONIC   TE-MPLE. 

Classitication  eralirac^s  Poultry,  Dogs,  Pigeons,  and  all  ki'id.s  of  Pet  Stock.     Lib- 
eral Cash  Prizes.     Guarantee  fuu.l  insures  prompt  payment  of  premiums. 
PREMIUM    LIST    NOW    READY. 
GKO.  EWAI.U  of  Cincinnati,  Jud>;e  of  Picreon  and  Pet  Stock. 
GKO.  O.  1!K0\VX  of  Baltimore,  Judge  of  Poultry. 
Entries  Close  Nov.  12.     For  Premium  List,  address 

FRANK  JENKINS.  Secretary,  517  W.  Bread  St.,  Richitiond,  Va. 


FARM  LABOR 


Pumps,  Windmills, 
Rams.  Tanks.  .    .• 

SYDNOR  PUMP 
&  WELL  CO., 

ilNCORPOKATEDi. 

Box  949.    Richmond,  Va. 


U  and  L'J 
HORSE-POWER. 


is  SO  bard  to  get  nowa- 
davs  that  every  farmer 
appreciates  the  neces- 
sity of  using  labor  sav- 
ing devices,  such  as 
Gasoline,  Pumping  and 
Wood-sawing  Engines. 


•.  Scotch   Collies  .. 

A  litter  of  Ave  pedigreed  pups,  from 
driving  parents,  sable  and  tri-coloied. 

Also  BUFF  PLYMOUTH  ROCK 
CHICKENS.  Farm  raised.  No  other 
breed.  T.  M.  WADE, 

Lexington.  Va. 

• COLLIE   PUPS • 

By  Imported  Sires.  Sable  and  white  and  trl 
colors.  Prices.  S-S  to  $15.  Older  ones  correspond 
ingly  low-  Book  on  Training.  .SO  cents :  Kkee  li 
you  buy  a  Collie.  MAPLEMONT  STOiK  FARM 
.Albany.  Vermont 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  num- 
bers can  be  had  for  25  cents.  AddreM 
our  Business  Office. 


"Crop  Growing 
and  Crop  Feeding." 

By  Prof.  W.  f.  massey. 

383  Pp.    Cloth.  $1.00;  Paper,  60c. 


We  offer  this  splendid  work  in  connac- 
tlon  with  the  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 
at  the  following  price*: 

Southern  Planter  and  Cloth 

Bound  Volume,  $1.2B. 
Southern  Planter  and  Paper 

Bound  Volume,  90e. 
Old  or  new  *abscrlpUoas. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


737 


A.  C.  SINTON.  President, 


R.  R.  GWATHMEY.  Vice-President. 
^      J$      ^      Ji      Jt 


J.  1.  SUTTON,  Secretary, 


ESTABLISHED  1840. 


The  watt  PLOW  CO., 

15th  &  Franklin  and  14lh  &  Main  Sts.,  Riclimond,  Va. 

Agricultural  Implements, 
IVIachinery,  Vehicles  and 
Harness.  ^  ^  ^  ^ 


INCORPORATED  1893. 


PEERLESS  ENGINE. 


HOCKING  VALLEY  FEED  CUTTER. 


DAIN  CORN  CUTTER. 


STAR  SWEEP  MILL. 


SECTIONS  OF  WIRE  FENCE. 


A  full  stock  always  on  hand,  and 
prompt  shipments  guaranteed.  South 
Bend,  Dixie  and  Farmer's  Friend 
Plows  and  repairs.  The  Hancock  Ro- 
tary Disc  Plow,  warranted  to  go  In 
the  ground  where  all  others  fall. 

Hocking  Valley  Feed  Cutters,  Cy- 
clone Shredders,  Smalley  Feed  Cutters, 
Dain  Corn  Cutters.  Equal  to  any  made. 
Staver  Buckeye  Feed  Mill  and  Horse 
Power  Combined.  Star  Sweep  Mill. 
Either  grinds  corn  on  cob  or  shelled. 

Whitman  All-Steel,  full  circle  Hay 
Presses.  George  Ertel  Company's  full 
circle  Hay  Presses.  Rapid  Fire  Horse 
Power  Hay  Press,  for  one  horse,  a  good 
cheap  press.  Will  put  up  from  150  to 
200  bales  a  day.  The  well  known  Mm 
nich  Brand  Baling  Presses. 

Hocking  Valley  Wine  and  Cider 
Mills.  Hard  wood  rollers.  The  best 
mill  made. 

Hocking  Valley  Corn  Shellers,  for 
hand  or  power.  Smalley  Electric  Pole 
and  Wood  Saws,  for  steam  or  horse 
power.  Peerless  Engines  and  Saw 
Mills  always  in  stock.  Several  good 
second-hand  Engines  and  other  second- 
hand machinery  for  sale.  "Pittsburgh 
Perfect"  fencing,  electrically  welded 
See  cuts  showing  weld.  Barb  Wire, 
Plain  Galvanized  Wire,  Baling  Wire 
and  Bale  Ties.  Continental  Disc  Har 
rows,  Buffalo  and  Lean  Spike  Harrows 

The  celebrated  Columbus,  Ohio,  Bug- 
gies, Carriages,  Runabouts,  and  Traps, 

Farm  Wagons  and  Delivery  Wagons, 
a  complete  stock. 

Correspondence  solicited. 


SPIKE  HARROW. 

i 


738 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[November 


The  fallowing  list  of  papers  and  periodical! 
are  the  most  popular  ones  In  this  section 
We  can  SAVE  YOU  MONEY  on  whatever 
Journal  you  wish. 


DAILIES. 

Price.    With 
Alone.  Planter 

TImes-Dlspatch,  Richmond,  Va $5  00  J5  0( 

The  Popt,  Washington,  D.  C 6  DO    6  00 

The  Sun,  Baltimore.  Md 3  00     3  40 

News-Leader,  Richmond,  Va 3  00    S  00 

TRI-WEEKLT. 

The  World  (thrlce-a-week),  N.  Y....  1  00  1  25 

WEEKLIES. 

Harper's  Weekly    4  00  4  00 

Harper's  Bazaar  1  00  1  40 

Montgomery  Advertiser  100  100 

Nashville  American    50  76 

The  Baltimore  Sun  1  00  1  36 

Breeder's  Gazette  2  00  1  76 

Hoards  Dairyman  1  00  1  36 

Country  Gentleman  160  175 

Religious  Herald,  Richmond,  Va 2  00  2  25 

TImes-Dlspatch,  Richmond.  Va 1  00  1  2.'i 

Christian   Advocate,       "           "     1  60  1  76 

Central  Presbyterian,     "           "     2  00  J  M 

Horseman    3  00  3  00 

MONTHLIES. 

Wool  Markets  and  Sheep 50       76 

Dairy  and  Creamery  60       75 

Commercial  Poultry  60       75 

•*JI  three  1  60    1  15 

North  American  Review  600    600 

The  Century  Magazine 4  00    4  26 

St.  Nicholas  Magazine   3  00    3  26 

Llpplncott's  Magazine  2  60    2  50 

Harper's  Magazine   4  00    4  00 

Forum  Magazine    3  00    3  26 

Scrlbner's  Magazine  3  00    3  26 

Frank  Leslies  Magazine 1  00    1  35 

Cosmopolitan  Magazine  100    135 

Everybody's   Magazine   100    136 

Munsey  Magazine   100    135 

Strand  Magazine  1  26    1  65 

McClure's  Magazine   100    135 

Argosy  Magazine  100    1  S6 

Review  of  Reviews  2  60    2  76 

Blooded  Stock 50       60 

Successful  Farming     1  00       75 

Southern  Fruit  Grower 60       85 

Where  you  desire  to  subscribe  to  two  or 
more  of  the  publications  named,  you  can  ar- 
rive at  the  net  subscription  price  by  deduct- 
ing 60  cents  from  "our  price  with  the 
PLANTER."  If  you  desire  to  subscribe  to 
aay  other  publications  not  listed  here,  write 
us  and  we  will  cheerfully  quote  clubbing  or 
■et  subscription  rates. 

Subscribers  whose  time  does  not  expire 
until  later  can  take  advantage  of  our  club 
rates,  and  have  their  subscription  advanced 
•ns  year  from  date  of  expiration  of  their 
subscription  to  either  the  PLANTER  or  any 
•f  the  other  publications  mentioned. 

Don't  hesitate  to  write  us  for  any  Informa- 
tUn  desired;  we  will  cheerfully  answer  any 
MrrespeadeBce. 

We  furnish  NO  SAMPKE  COPIES  of  other 
p«sl»iHi  all 


Seed  House  of  the  South. 


CLOVER, 


JAPAN 
BUR 


CLOVER, 
CLOVER, 


BUCKWHEAT, 
OATS  and 
CANE  SEED. 


''Whatsoever  One  Soweth,  That  Shall  He  Reap." 

We  sell  strictly  reliable  FIELD  AND  GARDEN  SEEDS  of  every 
variety  at   Lowest   Market  rates,   included   in  which   are 

RAGLAND'S     PEDIGREE    TOBACCO    SEEDS. 

m      ^      £f      WE  ALSO   SELL 

Our   Own    Brands   of   Fertilizers 

For  Tobacco,  Corn,  Wheat,  Potatoes,  &c. 

Pure    Raw-Bone    Meal,    Nova    Scotia   and  Virginia    Plaster   and 
Fertilizing  Materials  generally. 

Parties  wishing  to  purchase  will  find  it  to  their  interest  to  price  our  goods. 
Samples  sent  by  mail  when  desired. 

1016    Main    Street, 
LYNCHBURG,  VA. 


Wm.  A.  Miller  &  Son,  ^ 


t  Headquarters  for 


Nursery  Stock. 


WHOLESALE 

AND 

RETAIL. 


T"  We  make  a  specialty  of  handhng  dealers'  orders. 

«|»  ALL  STOCK  TRUE  TO  NAME. 

«|»  Apples, 

«|»  Pears, 

«|»  Peach, 

4*  Plum, 

*§»  Apricots, 

^  CALIFORNIA  PRIVET,  lor  Hedging. 

^  .    .    AGENTS  WANTED.    .    . 

^    FRANKLIN    DAVIS    NURSERY   CO.,  Baltimore,  Md.    ^ 


Nectarines, 

Pecans, 

Ornamental  and 

Cherry, 

Chestnuts, 

Shade  Trees, 

Quinces, 

Walnuts, 

Evergreens, 

Almonds, 

Small  Fruits, 

Roses,  Etc 

WRITE   FOR   CATALOGUE. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


739 


WHY  USE  DANGEROUS  BARB  WIRE 

„  . .    .    .  .    .  55  INCH.  „ 

WHEN  AN 

AHRAGTIVE  WOVEN 
WIRE  FENCE 

CAN  BE  BOUGHT  AT  EVEN 
LESS   COST? 

THE    AMERICAN     FIELD     FENCING      is  made  in  many  h  i^hts    .nd  sUles   for 
turning  the  smallest  to  the  largest  animal.     Write  for  special  catalogue  and   prices. 


The  Ohio  Feed  and  Ensil- 
age Cutters.    Built  for  Strength  and  j  C 

Rapid  Cutting.     Famished  with  either  cutler  &Jk^> 
or  shredder  head,  or  both,  and  with  bloner 
or  elevator  when  desired.    Special  catalogue 
mailed  free. 


IDEAL  FEED  MILLS  AND  POWER  combined  grinds  all  kinds  of  shell 
grain  as  well  as  corn  and  cob.  THE  POWER  attachment  is  very  valuable  for 
RUNNING  WOOD  SAWS  AND  OTHER  MACHINERY. 

IDEAL  DUPLEX  FEED  MILLS  for  steam  power  are  very  strong  and 
grind  rapidly. 


Triple  Geared  Feed  Mill  and  Power  Combined. 


No.  19.     l-horse  ungeared  feed  mill,  grinds  com 
and  cob  and  shell  grain.     Price,  $16.00. 
THE  FOWLER  DISC  PLOW  will  not  choke  in  thick,  rank  No.  20.     2-horse  ungeared  feed  mill,  grinds  corn 

weeds  or  briars.     Cuts  a  furrow  12  inches  deep  and  14  inches      and  cob  and  shell  grain.     Price,  $19.00. 
■wide  with  much   less  draft  than  any  other  plow.     Only  re-  Special  catalogues  on  application, 

quires  two  ordinary  horses. 

BUGGIES,  CARRIAGES,  HARNESS,  ROBES.  WAGONS,  CORN   SHELLERS,   WOOD   SAWS,   THE   FULLEST 
STOCK  OF  AGRICULTURAL  IMPI,EMENTS. 

THE  IMPLEMENT  CO.,  1302  and  1304  E.  Main  St.,  Richmond,  Va. 


740 


THE  SOUTHEHX  PLANTER. 


[November 


Out  Door  Grown  Roses 

Plant  out  in  November  and  December  while  they  are  in  a  domant 
condition  for  best  results. 


Our  outdoor  grown  roses  are  larger,  stronger,  hardier  and  better  rooted  plants,   and  trive  better  and   give  much 
better  results  in  every  way  than  the  plants  started  and  grown  In  greenhouses  as  usually  sold. 

OUR  LIST  INCLUDES  THE  BEST  VARIETIES  IN  CULTIVATION.     PRICE,  2oC.  EACH,  $2.50  PER  DOZEN. 


HYBRID  PERPETUAL  ROSES. 
These  make  a  larger  growth,  larger  flowers,  and  bloom 
more  profusely  than  the  Tea  or  Monthly  Roses,  but  do  not 
bloom  so  continuously  throughout  the  year.  While  they 
are  in  bloom,  however,  they  make  a  more  showy  and  mag- 
nificent display,  and  the  Individual  flowers  are  larger  and 
handsomer. 

GEN.  JACQUEMINOT.     Crimson;  fine.     Makes  very  attrac- 
tive flowers,  both  in  color  and  form. 
PAUL  NERON.     Large  flowers;   pink;    finely  scented;    one 

of  the  very  best. 
ALF.  COLOMB.     Cherry  red;  splendid. 
MAGNA  CHARTA.     Beautiful  dark  pink;   bushes  literally 

covered  with  roses. 
COQUETTE     DES     ALPES.     Pure     white;     free     bloomer. 

Makes  beautiful  cut  flowers. 
MARGARET    DICKSON.     Fine,    pure    waxy    white.     Pro- 
nounced one  of  the  finest  white  roses  in  cultivation. 
ANNA  DE  DIESBACH.     Brilliant  carmine;  fine  fiowers. 
VICTOR  VERDIER.     Rosy  carmine;  large  flowers. 
PRINCE  CAMELLE  DE  ROHAN.     Deep  rich  velvety  crim- 
son.    One  of  the  best  dark  crimson  roses. 
CAROLINE   TESTOUT.     An   exquisite  free  blooming  pink 

rose. 
ULRICH    BRUNNER.     Color    rich    glowing    crimson,    ele- 
gantly flamed  with  scarlet,  flowers  fijl  and   globular, 
popular  everywhere. 

BOURBON  AND  CHINA  ROSES. 
Very  desirable  tree  blooming  hardy  roses. 
HERMOSA.     Deep  pink;  very  profuse  bloomer. 
AGGRIPINA.     Brilliant  red.  showy  and  sweet. 

EVERBI.OOMING  TEA  OR  MONTHT-Y  ROSES. 
The  Tea  Roses  bloom  continuously  throughout  the  year, 
and  make  beautiful  buds  and  cut  flowers,  but  do  not  make 
as  large  a  mass  of  blooms  at  one  time  as  the  Hybrid  Per- 
petual, nor  do  they  make  as  vigorous  a  growth  of  bush. 
ETIOLE  DE  LYON.     Rich  golden  yellow,  very  desirable. 
SAFRANO.     Orange  yellow,  tinted  with  rose. 
CATHERINE  MERMET.     Beautiful  pink;  a  splendid  rose. 
WHITE  MAMAN  COCHET.  (  Finest     outdoor     tea     roses; 
PINK  MAMAN  COCHET.       i -beautiful  buds  and  flowers. 

These  two  Maman  Cochet  Roses  should  be  in  every  col- 
lection. 

Address  all  orders  to— —^i^ 


CHAMPION  OF  THE  WORLD.  Classed  as  one  of  the 
greatest  everblooming  roses  in  cultivation;  color  deep 
rich  rosy  pink;  hardy  and  of  vigorous  growth. 

KAISERIN  AUGUSTA  VICTORIA.  White;  fine  buds  and 
flowers. 

THE  BRIDE.     Lovely  pure  white. 

CLOTHILDE  SOUPERT.  Color  ivory  white,  shaded  with 
rose;  beautiful  and  remarkably  free  bloomer. 

BRIDESMAID.     Color  fine  clear  dark  pink;  fine  buds. 

LA  FRANCE.     Light  silvery  pink,  delicious  fragrance. 

METEOR.     Rich  velvety  crimson;  makes  fine  cut  flowers. 

PAPA  GONTIER.  Color  rich  crimson;  very  fragrant  and 
beautiful;  makes  large  buds  and  flowers. 

ROBERT  E.  LEE.  Color  rich  orange  yellow;  has  long  buds 
borne  on  long  stems;  very  attractive. 

PRINCESS  BONNIE.  One  of  the  finest  dark  colored  Tea 
Roses;  color  solid  crimson;  a  great  favorite. 

IMADAME  IvAMBARD.  A  fine  Southern  bedding  rose; 
large  flowers  and  free  and  constant  bloomer;  color  beau- 
tiful shade  of  rosy  bronze,  shaded  with  carmine. 

IVORY.  A  pure  white  rose,  which  is  in  high  favor  to  grow 
for  cut  flowers. 

GRUSS  AN  TEPLITZ.  A  fine  bedding  rose,  remarkably 
profuse  bloomer,  color  rich  scarlet;  fine  foliage,  and  a 
very  attractive  variety. 

CLIMBING  ROSES. 

REINE  MARIE  HENRIETTE.  Cherry  red;  a  beautiful 
rose,  and  gives  the  very  best  satisfaction  in  the  South. 

CLIMBING  METEOR.  Produces  deep  rich  velvety  red 
fiowers,  free  bloomer,  and  a  fine  climbing  rose. 

OLORIE  DE  DIJON.  Color  rich  creamy  white;  not  en- 
tirely hardy. 

WHITE  RAMBLER.     Beautiful  white  climber;  free  foliage. 

CRIMSON  RAMBLER.     Bears  clusters  of  crimson  flowers. 

YELLOW  RAMBLE:R.     Earlier  than  the  crimson;  splendid. 

PINK  RAMBLER.     Vigorous  growing;  fine  foliage. 

HELENE.  Bears  magnificent  clusters  of  violet  crimson 
flowers,  larger  than  Crimson  Rambler. 

DOROTHY  PERKINS.     A  beautiful  new  climbing  rose. 

JERSEY   BEAXTTY.     The   well-known    type    of    Memorial 
Rose,  fine   foliage,   of  creeping   or  trailing  habit,   has 
large,  yellow  flowers,  produced  in  clusters. 
Price  of  all  varieties,  25c.  each ;  $2.50  per  dozen. 


HOLLYBROOK    FARM, 


Richmond,  Va. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


741 


Not    all    for   the    dollar: 


ASHTON  STARKE 

THE    LARGEST    AND    FINEST     LINE    OF    HARROWS    TO    BE    HAD. 


Something    for    reputation. 


RICHMOND, 
.  VIRGINIA. 


BICnrORD  and  HUFFMAN  WHEAT  DRILLS 

Feed  Cutters  and  Ensilage  Cutters. 

FROM  THE  LARGEST  POWER  CUTTER  TO  THE  SMALLEST  HAND  CUTTER. 


RICHMOND    ENGINE   AND    PUMP   COMPANY 

More  of  our  Gasoline  Engines  made  and  sold  than  any  three 
of  the  largest  factories  in  the  country. 


THE  SIMPLEST, 
THE  STRONGEST, 
THE  BEST, 
THE  HOST 

POWERFUL. 
NO  OTHER  ENGINE 
COnPARES  WITH  IT. 


ENDORSED  BY  THE 
NATIONAL  BOARD 
OF  FIRE  INSURANCE 
UNDFR-WRITERS 
AFTER   194  TESTS. 


PUMPS    FOR    HAND    AND    POWER.      HYDRAULIC    RAMS    TANKS    AND    TOWERS. 

The  Duplex  Grinding  Feed  Mills,  a  specialty. 


742 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[November 


75    HEAD    

..GOOD  GRADE  CATTLE. 

FOE  feALE.  Will  average  1,000  lbs  or 
more.  Well  suited  for  export  another 
year.     A.  D  REYNOLDS,  Bristol,  Tenn 

1,000,000  Cabbage  Plants  at  $1.50  Per  M. 

EARLY  JERSEY  WAKEFIELD, 
CHARLESTON,  SUCCESSION  and 
"FOTTLKK'S  IMPROVED  BRUNS- 
WICK." 

BO.OOO  Dahlia  and  Canna  Bulbs. 
MARK  T.  THOMPSON,  Rio  Vista.  Va. 

Mention  the  Southern  Planter  when 
corresponding  with  advertisers. 

A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  num- 
bers can  be  had  for  25  cents.  Address 
lOur  Business  Office. 


AN  INTERNAL  DIFFICULTY. 

Little  Archie  Richards,  at  the  close 
of  the  Thanksgiving  dinner,  sat  at  the 
table  with  his  face  suffused  with  tears. 
His  mother  was  greatly  troubled.  With 
a  sweet  smile  and  with  gentle  intona- 
tion she  put  one  arm  around  her  little 
baby  boy  and  asked, — 

"Wh^t  is  it  mamma's  little  darling 
wants?" 

But  "mamma's  little  darling"  con- 
tinued to  cry. 

Mamma  made  another  effort  to  find 
out  the  trouble. 

"Does  mamma's  baby  boy  want  some 
more  cake?"  she  asked. 

"No'm','  said  the  child,  while  the 
tears  continued  to  flow. 

"Does  he  want  some  more  pie?"  she 
further  inquired. 

"No'm."  he  further  replied. 

"We'll,"  said  the  mother,  making  a 
last  effort  to  reach  his  case,  "tell  mam- 
ma  what  baby  wants." 

The  little  boy  managed  somehow  to 
say  between  sobs,  "I  wants  some  of 
this  out  I've  got  in."- 


I  The  RICHMOND,  FREDERICKSBURG 

and  POTOMAC  R.  R. 
and  WASHINGTON  SOUTHERN  R'Y 

Form  the  Link  connecting  the 
Atlantic  Coast  Line  R.  R., 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  R.  R., 
Cliesapeake  and  Ohio  R'y, 
Pennsylvania  R.  R., 
Seaboard  Air  Line  R'y 
and  Southern  R'y. 

Between  all  points,  via  Richmond,  Va. 

Fast  Mall,  Pasaeneer  and  Express  Route  b«- 
tweeD  Richmond,  Fredericksburg,  Alezaa- 
drla,  Washington,  Baltimore,  Philadelphia, 
New  York,  Boston,  Pittsburg,  Buffalo  and  AU 
Points  North,  East  and  West. 

W.  P.  TAYLOR,  Traffic  Manager.Richmond,  Va. 


Established    by 
GEO.  WATT,  1840. 


...  IMPLEMENTS  &  MACHINERY ... 


MANFRED     CALL, 
Gen't    Manager. 


DISC  DRILLS.  (ALL  Sizes.)  TUE  NEW  MOLINE.  WOOD  AND  .STEEL  ROLLERS. 

PIjOWS  AND  PLOW  REPAIRS  of  all  kinds.     We  make  plows  for  all  purposes  and  sell  them  on  their  merits. 

FEED   AND   ENSILAGE   CUTTERS.  CORN  SHELLERS,  ENGINES,  SAW  MILLS,  CORN  AND  COB  MILLS, 
ETC..  ETC. 
We  solicit  inquires  for  anything  desired.     Write  for  circulars. 

B«t°„nS,rn*rnrc""'     RICHMOND.  VA.    THE  CALL-WATT  CO. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


743 


COURSES      IN     AGRICULTURR    AT 
THE   UNIVERSITY    OF     TEN- 
NESSEE. 


Practical  Courses  of  Instruction  in  the 
Art  and  Science  of  Agriculture  for 
Southern  Farmers.  Ten  Weelfs'  Win- 
ter Course,  January  4  to  March  15, 
1904. 
One  and  two  years'  practical  courses 

of  ten  weeks  each  are  offered  in  the 

following  subjects: 

1.  Agriculture  and  Chemistry:  Soil 
culture,  farm  crops,  fertilizers  and 
cereal  judging. 

2.  Animal  Husbandry:  Breeding, 
feeding  and  judging  live  stock. 

3.  Dairy  Husbandry;  Butter  and 
cheese  making,  milk  testing,  and  dairy 
machinery. 

4.  Horticulture  and  Botany:  Prun- 
ing, gardening,  orcharding,  spraying 
and  plant  diseases. 

5.  Veterinary  Science:  Anatomy  and 
physiology,  hygiene  and  treatment  of 
diseases. 

6.  Mechanic  Arts:  Wood  and  iron 
working   and    farm    buildings. 


HEARD  IN  GERMANY. 

A  German  lady  of  recent  widowhood 
encountered  much  difficulty  in  fram- 
ing an  inscription  for  her  dead  hus- 
band's tombstone.  After  endless  con- 
sultations with  her  friends  and  neigh- 
bors this  was  the  one  she  selected: 

"Rest  in  peace — until  we  meet 
again." — Novemler  Lippincott's. 


The  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway 

Extending  from  Cincinnati  and  Louisville,  and 
THROUGH  ITS  CONNECTIONS.... 

THE  BIG  FOUR  SYSTEM,  from  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  Peoria,  Indianapolis, 

Sandusky  and  Cleveland ; 
THE  OHIO  CENTRAL  LINES,  from  Toledo  and  Columbus; 
THE  CINCINNATI,  HAMILTON  &  DAYTON,  from  Detroit,  Toledo,  Lima 
and  Dayton — 

FORMS  THE  MOST  DIRECT  ^"?.'r."hn*uVl:.r*  ROUTE. 

To  STAUNTON,   LVNCHBVRG,   CHARLOTTESVILLE, 
RICHMOND,    PETERSBURG,    NORFOLK, 

And   Principal   Virginia   Points. 

H.  W.  FULLER,  Qen.  Pass.  Agt.  C.  &  0.  Ry.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

When   corresponding  with  our  advertisers  always  mention  th« 
Bouthei-^  Planter. 


WAQ0N5  and  BUGGIES 

MADE 

RIGHT  HERE 

AT    HOME 

BY 

The  BARBOUR  BUGGY  CO., 
The  HUGHES  BUGGY  CO., 
The  VIRGINIA    WAGON    CO. 

These  vehicles  are  guaranteed  to  be  as  good  as  can  be  bought  elsewhere;  material  and 
workmanship  unsurpassed;  all  sizes  and  styles,  prices  low.  We  can  save  you  time, 
money  and  freight  by  purchasing  our  vehicles.  Send  for  our  illustrated  catalogues. 
Drop  in  our  warehouse  and  inspect  our  stock.     Inquiries  cheerfully  answered. 

AGENTS    FOR    DEERING    MACHINES. 

RICHMOND  BUQQY  &  WAGON  CO.,  1433  E.  Main  Street,  RICHMOND,  VA. 

J.  T-  DUNN,  Manager. 


All  of  Virginia. 


744 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[November 


MISSOXJRI      STATE      HORTICULTU- 
RAL SOCIETY. 

The  Missouri  State  Horticultural  So- 
ciety's 46th  annual  meeting  will  be 
held  at  Columbia,  Missouri,  Decem- 
ber 8-9-10.  1903,  and  promises  to  be  the 
greatest  meeting  the  Society  has  ever 
held. 

The  dedication  of  the  new  Horticul- 
tural Building  will  be  a  feature  of  the 
meeting,  and  an  opportunity  will  be 
given  to  all  to  see  some  of  the  work 
of  the  Department  of  Horticulture  and 
Experiment  Station. 

The  program  is  now  being  prepared, 
and  if  you  have  any  suggestions  to 
make  please  do  so  at  once. 

We  are  expecting  many  of  our  best 
■workers  and  some  of  our  best  teachers 
to  help  on  the  program,  some  of  them 
from  the  Eastern  States. 

L.   A.    Goodman,   ^Secretary. 
Kansas  City. 


tation  of  being  somewhat  pompous  at 
times.  He  knocked  at  the  door,  which, 
after  a  long  delay,  was  opened  by  an 
attendant. 

"You  can't  come  In,"  he  was  in- 
formed.    "It's  not  visiting  hours." 

"That  makes  no  difference.  I  shall 
Inspect  this  Institution  just  the  same." 

"Indeed,  but  you'll  not." 


"Come,  come,  my  good  man,  I'm  the 
lord  chancellor,"  Herschell  expostu- 
lated. 

"Oh,  that's  all  right,"  answered  the 
functionary,  "we've  four  of  you  In- 
side already." — Success. 


Mention  the  Southern  Planter  when 
corresponding  with  adyertlsera. 


THERE  WERE  ENOUGH  INSIDE. 
In  England,  the  lord  chancellor,  by 
virtue  of  his  office,  has  a  right  to  in- 
spect all  public  asylums  and  hospitals. 
One  day,  while  the  late  Lord  Herschell 
was  paying  a  visit  at  the  house  of  a 
friend  near  Norwich,  he  went  for  an 
afternoon  stroll,  and,  happening  to 
pass  by  the  great  insane  asylum  at 
that  place,  the  thought  struck  him 
that  this  was  a  good  time  to  perform 
an  official  duty.  Incidentally,  it  may 
be  said  that  Herschell   bore  the  repu- 


j<    THE    ^ 


SEABOARD 

AIR  LINE  RAILWAY 


OFFERS 

PROFITABLE 

INVESTMENTS 

TO— 4 »>» 

WHERE    YOUR     LABOR 


THE  MANUFACTURER, 
THE  STOCK  RAISER, 
THE  DAIRYMAN, 
THE  FRUIT  GROWER, 
THE  TRUCKER. 

IS     NOT     IN    VAIN. 


Would  a  country  where  work  can  be  carried  on  the  entire  year  and  where 
large  profits  can  be  realized  Interest  you? 

The  SEABOARD  Air  Line  Railway  traverses  six  Southern  States  and  a 
region  of  this  character.  One  two  cent  stamp  will  bring  handsome  Illustrated 
literature  descriptive  of  the  section. 

J.  B.  WHITE,  EDW.  W.  COST,  CHARLES  B.  RYAN, 

Gen.  Industrial  Agi.,  Portsmouth,  Va.  Traffic  Mgr.       Gen.  Pass.  Agt,,  Portsmouth,  Va 


Pedigrees  traced  and  tabulated.     Catalogues  compiled  and 
circulars    prepared.     Special    attention    given    registration 
matters  pertaining  to  thoroughbred  and  trotting  horses. 
.  .  .  BT  .  .  . 

w.  J.  CARTER  (Broad  Rock), 

P.O.  Box  929  RICHMOND,  VA. 

Representing  the  .... 

The  Times-Dispatch,  Richmond,  Va. 
Southern  Planter,  Richmond,  Va. 
Sports  of  the  Times,  New  York. 
Rider  and  Driver,  New  York. 
Kentucky  Stock  Farm,  Lexington,  Ky. 
Breeder  and  Sportsman,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

REFERENCES:— Mr.  A.  B.  Gwathmey,  Cotton  Exchange, 
New  York;  Mr.  W.  N.  Wilmer,  of  Wilmer  &  Canfield,  Law- 
yers, 49  Wall  St.,  New  York;  Col.  K.  M.  Murchison,  Banker, 
Wilmington,  N.  C;  Mr.  L.  Banks  Holt,  Proprietor  Oneida 
Cotton  Mills  and  Alamance  Farm,  Graham,  N.  C;  Maj.  P.  P. 
Johnson,  President  National  Trotting  Association,  Lexing- 
ton, Ky.;  Capt.  R.  J.  Hancock,  EUerslie  Stud  Farm,  Char- 
lottesville, Va.;  Sam'l  Walton,  Walton  Farm,  Falls  Mills, 
Va.;  R.  J.  Reynolds,  President  R.  J.  Reynolds  Tobacco  Co., 
Winston,  N.  C.;  Hon.  Henry  Fairfax,  Aldie,  Va. 


AINSLIE  CARRIAGE  CO., 

Nos.  8,  10  and  12  Tenth  St.,  RICHMOND,  VA. 


Building  Carriages  to  order  Is  our  special  business.  Re- 
pairing and  Repainting  done,  and  best  material  used.  A 
full  line  of  all  the  latest  styles.  Orders  for  all  classes  of 
Vehicles  solicited.    Write  for  prices. 


AQNEL,  38033. 

Bay  stallion,  foaled  1900;  sired  by  Guardsman  19355,  re- 
cord 2:23J;  dam  the  great  brood  mare  Zeta,  dam  of  Miss 
Duke,  2:13,  etc..  by  Red  Wilkes. 

AGNEL  has  fine  size  and  is  a  grand  looking  young  horse, 
he  is  richly  bred  and  has  the  action  of  a  trotter. 

Fee  $15.00  the  season. 

BEN.  W.  SOUTHERLAND,  Mt.  Olive,  N.  C. 
WHALEBONE,   7872. 

Sired  by  Abdallah  Wilkes,  son  of  George  Wilkes,  2:22, 
dam  Maggie  O.,  by  Abdallah,  15,  sire  of  Goldsmith  Maid, 
2:14;  second  dam  Viley  Filly,  by  Pilot,  Jr.,  sire  of  dam  of 
Maud  S.  2:083. 

Note. — Whalebone  is  a  richly  colored  bay  horse  of  fine 
size,  handsome  and  well  formed.  His  disposition  is  perfect. 
He  has  sired  Visitor,  2:26J,  and  other  winners. 

FEE,  $15,  with  usual  return  privilege. 

W.  C.  McMACKIN,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 


=FOR    SALE^= 

Thoroughbred  Stallion 
ED.  KEARNEY, 

Chestnut  horse,  16.0i  hands  high,  weight  1,150  pounds.  By 
Tom  Ochiltree;  dam  Medusa,  by  Sensation  (see  Amer.  Stud 
Book). 

ED.  KEARNEY  was  a  fine  race  horse,  and  won  a  number 
of  races  both  In  the  East  and  In  California.  He  is  a  grand 
looker,  and  no  horse  sires  finer  colts  from  all  classes  of 
mares.    Address 

ROBERT  TAIT,  Commercial  Place,  Norfolk,  Va, 


The  Southern  Planter. 


DEVOTED  TO 


PRACTICAL  AND  PROGRESSIVE  AGRICULTURE,   HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING,   LIVE  STOCK  AND    THE    FIRESIDE. 


Agriculture  is  tlie  nursing  mother  of  tlie  Arts.—XENOPHON. 
Tillage  and  pasturage  are  the  two  breasts  of  the  State. =-SULLY. 


64th  Year. 


Richmond,  December,  1903. 


No.  12. 


Farm  Management. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH. 

Aiiotlier  year  has  rolled  round  to  its  closing  month, 
and  the  ingathering  of  the  props,  the  result  of  a  year's 
toil  and  anxious  care,  has  heen  practically  completed. 
The  year  has  been  in  regard  to  the  weather  an  abnor- 
mal one,  and  the  effect  is  largely  seen  in  the  crop  re- 
turns. Excessive  rainj?  throughout  nearly  the  whole 
South  were  the  characteristic  of  the  spring  and  early 
summer  months,  and  had  it  not  been  for  the  tine,  open 
and  drv  fall  which  we  have  had  the  crop  returns 
would  have  undoubtedly  been  most  disastrous.  The 
seeding  and  planting  of  all  ci-ops  was  delayed,  and 
when  got  in  they  were  too  often  jilanted  in  badly  fitted 
seed  l)eds,  and  the  working  of  them  was  rendered 
practically  impossible  upon  the  river  and  creek  low 
lands.  Wheat,  which  promised  iinelv  in  the  early 
spring,  was  practically  rendered  a  complete  failure 
by  the  heavy  rains  at  the  blooming  period.  The 
pollen  was  washed  from  the  ears,  and  as  a  result  of 
imperfect  fertilization  of  the  blooms  the  ears  were 
inly  very  partially  filled  and  the  grain  was  light  and 
•^rasliv.  The  average  yield  of  wheat  in  Virginia  is 
placed  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  at  8  bushels 
to  the  acre.  In  I^orth  Carolina,  at  5  bushels ;  in 
South  Carolina,  at  fi  bushels :  in  Tennessee,  at  7 
bushels,  and  in  Maryland,  at  12  bushels.  Winter 
and  spring  oats  were  also  very  unsatisfactory  crojys. 
The  corn  crop,  however,  made  some  amends  for  the 
disapjiointment  in  these  crops,  as  it  is  on  the  whole  a 
good  one,  probablv  on  the  high  lands  one  of  the  best 
ever  raised  in  the  South,  and,  on  the  whole,  compares 
very  favorably  with  the  croj)  in  the  rest  of  the  country. 
The  average  yield  for  Virginia,  as  estimated  by  the 


Department  of  Agriculture,  is  placed  at  21  bushels 
per  acre  against  a  10  years  average  of  10  bushels. 
In  N'orth  Carolina  the  estimated  yield  is  14  biishels 
per  acre,  against  a  10  years'  average  of  13  bushels. 
In  South  Carolina  the  yield  is  estimated  at  10  bush- 
els per  acre,  against  a  10  years'  average  of  9  bushels.  • 
In  Maryland  the  yield  is  estimated  at  28  bushels  per 
acre,  as  against  a  10  years'  average  of  29  bushels. 
In  Tennessee  the  yield  is  estimated  at  2.3  bushels  per 
acre,  as  against  a  10  years'  average  of  21  bushels. 
The  tobacco  crop  of  Virginia  is  estimated  by  the  De- 
partment at  74-5  pounds  per  acre,  as  against  a  10 
vears'  average  of  640  pounds.  In  JSTorth  Carolina 
the  crop  is  estimated  at  627  pounds  to  the  acre,  as 
against  a  10  years'  average  of  .'».35  pounds.  In  South 
Carolina  the  crop  is  estimated  at  610  pounds  to  the 
acre,  as  against  a  4  years'  average  of  711  pounds.  In 
^Maryland  the  crop  is  estimated  at  650  pounds  to  tJje 
acre,  as  against  a  10  years'  average  of  63.3  pounds. 
In  Tennessee  the  crop  is  estimated  at  700  pounds  to 
the  acre,  as  against  a  10  years'  average  of  642  poTinds. 
The  Irish  potato  crop  is  above  the  average,  whilst  the 
sweet  potato  cro])  is  also  above  the  average  in  all  the 
coast  States.  The  hay  crop  in  all  the  coast  States  is 
above  the  average,  the  yield  per  acre  feeing  even  in 
excess  of  all  the  Northera  and  N"ew  England  States, 
and  comparing  very  favorablv  with  that  of  all  the 
]\riddle  States,  indeed  being  in  excess  of  several  of 
the  best  of  these.  The  cotton  crop,  whilst  not  yet 
fully  ascertained,  is  expected  to  be  about  an  average 
in  the  coast  States,  with  a  price  for  it  away  above  the 
average.  Indeed,  this  crop  alone  for  lint  and  sei^d  is 
expected  to  bring  more  than  $500,000,000  into  the 


746 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[December 


Southern  States.  The  market  value  of  all  the  crop.s 
is  well  maintained,  with  the  exception  of  tobacco,  and 
whilst  the  market  for  this  crop  opened  very  flatly, 
there  is  already  indication  that  better  prices  are  in 
prospect.  Even  with  the  opening  low  prices  growers 
should  bear  in  mind  that  these  compare  favorably 
with  figures  at  which  the  crop  was  selling  a  few  years 
ago,  and  are  relatively  only  low  as  compared  with 
those  of  the  closing  sales  of  the  year  before  last  and 
the  opening  sales  of  last  year.  We  have  had  planters 
in  our  office  who  have  already  sold  this  year  at  prices 
ranging  from  fi  to  10  cents  for  dark  shipping.  The 
season  has  been  a  most  propitious  one  for  the  produc- 
tion of  forage  crops  of  all  kinds,  and  there  is  an  abun- 
dance of  feed  for  all  live  stock  for  the  winter,  whilst 
the  fine,  open  fall  has  kept  grazing  on  the  pastures 
good  up  to  the  present  writing.  No  doubt  the  cost  of 
production  of  all  crops  has  been  higher  this  year  on 
account  of  labor  scarcity,  but  we  conclude  that  on  the 
whole  Southern  farmers  may  look  with  satisfaction 
on  the  result  of  their  labors,  certainly  with  more  sat- 
isfaction than  can  farmers  in  many  of  the  Northern 
and  Western  States.  We  are  beginning  in  the  South 
to  see  the  results  attained  by  the  adoption  of  a  system 
of  "farming"  rather  than  "planting"  in  the  substitu- 
tion of  a  system  of  rotation  of  crops  in  which  the 
legumes  and  other  forage  crops  are  brought  more 
frequently  into  the  course,  and  in  which  deeper  plow- 
ing and  better  cultivation  is  being  practiced.  We 
have  been  urging  these  changes  for  many  years,  and 
feel  a  sense  of  satisfaction  in  seeing  the  results  of  our 
labors  bearing  fruit.  We  have  always  been  confident 
that  we  were  advising  the  right  course  to  bring  pros- 
perity to  Southern  farmers  and  increased  and  perma- 
nent fertility  to  the  lands  of  the  South,  and  each  year 
only  emphasizes  the  truth  of  this  and  makes  us  more 
determined  to  continue  urging  rotation  of  crops,  deep 
plowing  and  repeated  and  more  perfect  cultivation. 
These  and  not  so  much  a  reliance  on  purchased  fer- 
tilizers, coupled  with  attention  to  the  breeding  and 
keeping  of  lire  stock  sufficient  on  every  farm  to  con- 
sume all  the  rough  products  and  forage  crops  and 
much  of  the  grain  are  the  true  sources  from  which 
prosperity  must  come,  and  the  farmers  themselves 
are  now  realizing  these  truths  more  than  ever  in  the 
past.  We  have  the  climate,  we  only  need  to  supple- 
ment it  with  a  sound  system  of  rotation  and  justice  to 
the  land  in  the  way  of  breaking  and  working  it  to 
ensure  ouccess  in  production  and  a  better  system  of 
utilization  of  the  crops  on  the  farm  when  produced 
to  ensure  profit  in  the  ultimate  results. 


It  is  too  late  in  the  year  now  to  sow  any  crop  exce]it 


Canoda  peas  and  oats,  and  this  crop  ought  only  to  be 
sown  in  December  in  the  Tidewater  and  central  plain 
of  the  coast  States.  Elsewhere  in  the  South  it  should 
be  sown  in  January,  February  and  March,  according 
as  the  section  rises  in  altitude  from  the  sea.  In  mid- 
dle and  Tidewater  Virginia  we  have  kno^vn  Canada 
peas  and  oats  to  maake  an  excellent  yield  of  forage 
and  grain  seeded  in  December.  Much,  however,  de- 
pends on  the  character  of  the  seed  bed.  If  this  be  dry 
and  finely  worked  and  a  good  cover  be  given  to  the 
peas,  they  will  take  no  harm,  even  if  the  weather  be- 
comes severe.  Canada  peas  and  oats  are  essentially 
a  cold  climate  crop,  and  to  be  grown  siiccessfully  in 
the  South  want  to  be  got  in  the  ground  sufficiently 
early  to  make  and  complete  their  growth  before  the 
hot  weather  strikes  them,  otherwise  the  crop  will  not 
be  worth  the  raising.  As  a  green  forage  crop  for 
hogs,  and  as  a  hay  crop,  it  is  very  valuable  as  it  comes 
in  at  a  time  when  feed  is  usually  getting  scarce.  The 
peas  at  the  rate  of  li  or  2  bushels  to  the  acre  should 
be  planted  deep  with  the  drill  or  be  plowed  down  so 
as  to  give  them  a  cover  of  4  or  .^  inches.  The  oats,  at 
the  rate  of  J  or  1  bushel  to  the  acre,  should  then  be 
sown  on  the  top  and  be  harrowed  in.  The  crop  will 
be  ready  for  grazing  by  April,  and  shoiild  be  cut  for 
hav  in  Mav. 


So  long  as  the  weather  keeps  open  and  the  land  dry 
enough  to  plow  the  teams  should  be  kept  at  work 
breaking  all  land  intended  to  be  cropped  next  year. 
In  doing  this  work  see  that  the  plow  is  kept  as  deep 
in  the  ground  as  a  strong  team  can  pull  it.  and  that 
some  portion  of  the  subsoil  is  turned  up  in  addition 
to  the  old  worked  soil.  This  subsoil  contains  an  abun- 
dance of  natural  plant  food,  and  only  requires  to 
be  subjected  to  the  influence  of  the  atmosphere  long 
enough  to  make  this  available.  When  turned  up  in 
the  spring  there  is  not  time  for  this  action  to  be  exer- 
cised long  enough  for  advantage  to  be  secured,  now 
it  can  be  turned  up  with  safety  and  ultimate  profit. 
Wherever  possible,  in  addition  to  the  deep  tiirned 
furrow  have  the  hard  subsoil  broken  with  a  subsoil 
plow  follo^ving  the  turning  plow  in  each  furrow.  In 
this  way  this  subsoil  becomes  permeable  by  the  at- 
mosphere and  capable  of  holding  the  rainfall  for  the 
sulisequent  use  of  the  crops  and  this  rainfall  will  dis- 
solve the  plant  food  therein,  which  will  be  taken  up 
by  the  roots  of  the  crop,  which  will  easily  penetrate 
the  loosened  soil.  Plants  of  all  kinds  are  solely  de- 
]iendent  for  their  growth  on  the  food  in  the  soil  which 
is  held  in  solution  by  water.  They  cannot  utilize 
any  of  this  food  in  a  solid  form,  hence  the  import- 
ance of  conserving  the  moisture  in  the  soil.     In  our 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLAISTTER. 


747 


last  month's  issue  we  pointed  out  in  discussing  a  re- 
cent bulletin  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  that 
as  a  result  of  the  investigation  of  the  Department,  it 
had  been  found  that  all  soils  capable  of  cultivation 
contained  nearly  the  same  amount  of  plant  food  capa- 
ble of  being  dissolved  by  the  soil  water,  and  that  this 
quantity  was  amply  sufficient  for  the  production  of 
maximum  crops  for  years  to  come  if  made  available. 
The  only  means  of  securing  this  availability  is  to 
make  the  soil  capable  of  holding  sufficient  moisture  to 
dissolve  the  plant  food,  and  this  can  only  be  done  by 
deep  and  perfect  cultivation  and  the  filling  of  the  soil 
with  humus,  which  acts  like  a  sponge  in  holding  the 
moisture.  Xow  is  the  time  to  break  the  soil  and  sub- 
soil, and  then  the  hiimus  making  crops  and  manure 
can  be  added  later.  We  know  that  many  Southern 
farmers  and  some  agric\iltural  authorities  doubt  the 
advisability  of  fall  and  winter  plowing  in  the  South, 
unless  the  land  can  also  at  the  same  time  be  seeded 
with  a  winter  growing  crop.  They  contend  that  as  we 
have  not  usually  much  severe  frost  to  disintegrate  the 
soil,  that  little  benefit  is  derived  from  breaking  the 
surface,  and  that  the  winter  and  spring  rains  will  so 
pack  the  land  as  to  make  necessary  replowing  in  the 
spring.  We  cannot  agree  with  this  view.  ^Vhilst  we 
would  plow  and  seed  with  winter  growing  crops  as 
long  as  possible,  yet  we  would  not  cease  to  plow  when 
compelled  to  cease  seeding.  Even  should  the  soil  be- 
come somewhat  packed,  it  will  certaiiQly  break  much 
more  easily  either  with  the  plow  or  the  disc  or  spading 
harrow  in  the  spring  than  if  left  unplowed  in  the  fall, 
and  it  will  certainly  have  secured  a  much  better  sup- 
ply of  water  in  the  subsoil  than  can  possibly  be  the 
case  if  only  plowed  in  the  spring,  and  this  water  will 
have  dissolved  more  of  the  inert  plant  food  and  ren- 
dered the  same  available.  One  of  the  great  weak 
points  of  Southern  farming  has  been,  and  is,  the  lack 
of  plowing  and  finely  breaking  the  soil  sufficiently. 
We  plow  too  many  acres  and  do  not  plow  the  individ- 
ual acres  sufficiently.  A  reversal  of  this  system  will 
result  in  much  greater  profit  and  no  more  work.  Es- 
pecially would  we  advise  deep  plowing  and  subsoiling 
now  on  lands  washed  and  gullied,  as  we  too  often  find 
them.  This  washing  and  gullying  can  only  be  stopped 
and  the  land  be  made  profitable  again  by  deep  plow- 
ing and  subsoiling.  The  soil  washes  away  because  the 
rainfall  cannot  get  down  into  the  subsoil.  Open  lhis 
and  make  of  it  a  reservoir  to  hold  the  rain,  and  the 
washing  will  cease  and  the  land  will  produce  good 
crops  when  once  some  humus  has  been  got  into  the 
soil.  After  these  gtillied  fields  have  been  plowed  and 
subsoiled.  spread  any  kind  of  vegetable  trash  or 
strawT  manure  on  the  surface,  and  when  the  soil  is 


dry  enough  work  it  in  and  then  in  February  or  March 
sow  2  bushels  of  oats  to  the  acre,  and  let  this  growth 
be  lightly  grazed  or  be  mowed  before  the  oats  head, 
and  the  cutting  be  left  as  a  mulch  on  the  ground. 
In  June  turn  the  growth  under  and  sow  cow  peas  1 
bushel  to  the  acre.  Turn  these  dovm  in  August  and 
sow  12  pounds  of  crimson  clover  seed  and  a  bushel  of 
oats,  rye  and  wheat  mixed  in  equal  parts,  to  the  acre. 
^\^2en  this  crop  comes  ofF  in  the  following  year  either 
by  grazing  or  cutting,  the  galls  and  gullies  will  be 
ended  and  the  land  can  be  cultivated  in  staple  crops 
or  be  seeded  to  grass. 


The  work  of  planting  the  staple  crops  in  the  spring 
can  be  greatly  helped  by  utilizing  the  winter  months 
in  getting  the  manure  and  fertilizer  into  the  land. 
Barn  yard  manure  can  never  be  put  to  a  better  use  or 
be  better  conserved  than  to  use  it  as  a  top  dressing  on 
winter  growing  crops  or  by  appl^ang  it  in  winter  to 
the  land  to  be  put  into  crop  in  the  spring.  Get  the 
manure  out  of  the  barns,  stables  and  pens  as  made, 
whenever  the  land  is  fit  to  haul  on.  The  leachings 
will  then  find  their  way  into  the  soil,  where  they  will 
be  utilized  by  the  crops  and  not  into  the  creek  or 
river.  The  solid  matter  will  decompose  and  rot  as 
well  on  the  land  as  in  the  barnyard,  though  not  quite 
so  fast.  All  the  phosphatic  and  potassic  fertilizers, 
and  some  of  the  nitrogenous  ones  like  tankage,  can 
with  safety  be  applied  in  the  winter.  The  phos- 
phatic and  potassic  fertilizers  require  considerable 
time  to  become  assimilated  and  dissolved  in  the  soil 
before  crops  caTi  derive  benefit  from  them,  and  there 
need  be  no  fear  of  their  being  lost  by  leaching.  Tank- 
age, cotton  seed,  and  all  other  organic  nitrogenous 
fertilizers  also  require  time  to  rot  before  they  can 
be  utilized,  but  they  should  not  be  applied  too  long 
before  the  crop  is  planted  or  some  of  their  value  may 
be  lost,  titrate  of  soda,  the  most  active  nitrogenous 
fertilizer,  ought,  however,  never  to  be  applied  before 
the  crop  has  commenced  to  grow,  as  it  is  as  soluble  as 
salt,  and  the  nitrogen  is  immediately  available,  and 
may  be  quickly  lost  if  there  be  no  crop  growing  to 
Titilize  it.  In  these  various  ways  the  fine,  open  win- 
ters which  we  experience  here  ought  to  be  fullv  util- 
ized, and  thus  we  can  be  ready  to  plant  our  crops  as 
soon  as  ever  the  weather  is  suitable.  If  we  do  not 
thus  utilize  the  winter  months  we  fail  to  do  our  duty, 
and  miffht  as  well  be  living  in  the  cold,  hard  frozen 
:\^orth. 


The  work  of  cleaning  up  new  land  and  old  fields 
that  have  not  been  imder  cultivation  and  are  again 
intended  to  be  cropped,  should  be  attended  to.  When- 


748 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAXTER. 


[December 


ever  wurk  of  this  character  is  undertaken,  let  what 
is  done  be  done  thoroughly.  Do  not  leave  stumps 
and  rocks  in  or  on  the  land,  but  remove  them  out  of 
the  field.  Small  stumps  can  be  easily  pulletl  out  and 
larger  ones  should  be  blown  out  with  dynamite.  Left 
in  the  ground  they  only  form  breeding  places  for 
weeds,  briers  and  fungoid  diseases,  and  are  the  con- 
st-ant source  of  broken  tools  and  implements  and  in- 
jured horses  and  mnles.  Rocks  should  be  gathered 
off  and  hauled  on  the  roads  of  the  farm  or  the  adjoin- 
ing highways,  where  they  can  be  profitably  utilized 
in  making  and  repairiiig  good,  hard,  dry.  permanent 
roads.  Let  all  old  fences  be  straightened  and  re- 
paired, and  the  necessary  new  ones  be  built.  Where 
good  old  rails  are  still  found  in  the  old  fences  these 
can  be  utilized  in  the  building  of  new  ones  and  a  miich 
greater  length  of  fence  be  built  by  combining  them 
with.  wire.  Set  the  posts  at  a  proper  distance  to  util- 
ize these  old  rails  and  then  fasten  them  to  the  posts 
by  stapling  a  length  of  wire  to  the  bottom  of  the  post 
and  carrying  it  up  the  post  on  the  one  side  and  down 
on  the  other  side,  making  loops  at  the  proper  distance 
apart  to  hold  the  ends  of  the  rails  in  place  and 
stapling  the  wire  to  the  post  above  and  below  each 
rail.  In  this  way  a  five  or  six  rail  fence  can  be  bnilt 
for  a  long  distance  with  the  rails  taken  out  of  an  old 
worm  fence. 

Ditches  should  be  opened  out  and  cleaned,  and 
drains  be  put  in  whei'e  needed.  Wlien  any  draining 
is  to  be  done  see  that  before  starting  the  work  a  good 
plan  is  jirepared  and  levels  be  properly  taken  so  that 
no  mistake  be  made  in  so  placing  the  drains  as  to  se- 
cure sufiicient  fall  for  all  drains  and  a  good  open 
nutlet  for  the  main  drain.  Do  not  fail  to  piit  the 
drains  do-wn  deep  into  the  land.  At  least  3  feet 
should  be  the  depth  from  the  surface.  The  water 
which  does  the  harm  to  the  land  is  not  that  lying  on 
the  surface,  but  the  water  in  tiie  siibsoil,  which  is 
stagnant  and  prevents  the  surface  water  from  getting 
down.  Drain  off  this  stas^nant  undergi'ound  water, 
and  that  which  falls  on  the  surface  or  finds  its  way 
there  will  soon  get  do^vn  and  away  out  of  the  land. 
Fill  the  drains  with  the  soil  and  clay  taken  out.  and 
not  with  loose  stones  or  rubbish.  The  tighter  they 
are  filled  the  better  they  will  draw  the  water  out  of  the 
-ubsoil,  which  is  what  is  needed,  and  the  longer  they 
will  continue  to  be  effective.  We  have  packed  tile 
drains  tightly  with  clay  from  the  tile  up  to  the  sur- 
face and  found  them  to  he  thoroughly  effective  for 
twenty  years  afterwards.  Tn  draining  a  piece  of 
hilly  land,  let  the  drains  run  directly  down  the  hill 
fnd  not  across  or  in  a  diagonal  direction.     AVlien  run 


straight  down  the  hill  the  drain  draws  water  from 
both  sides,  whilst  a  drain  run  across  or  diagonally 
will  only  drain  water  from  the  upper  side. 


Have  the  ice  pond  cleaned  out  and  cut  oft'  all  sources 
of  impure  water  flowing  into  it.  The  freezing  of 
water  does  not  purify  it  as  many  think,  and  the  abso- 
lute necessity  for  using  only  pure  ice  is  so  great  in  the 
way  of  health  that  no  risk  should  be  run  of  impound- 
ing imjjure  water.  The  ice  house  should  also  be 
thoroughly  cleaned  out  and  be  put  into  good  repair. 
Tn  our  last  issue  and  in  this  one  will  be  found  arti- 
cles dealing  with  the  building  of  ice  bouses. 


Have  all  implements  and  tools  not  in  use  gathered 
together  and  put  under  cover.  Clean  them  thor- 
oughly, and  gi'ease  the  bright  metal  parts,  and  on  wet 
days  repair  and  paint  them.  A  few  dollars  spent  in 
paint  will  make  tools  and  implement.s  last  years 
longer.  The  loss  sustained  by  farmers  from  the  care- 
less way  in  which  their  tools  and  implements  are  cared 
for  amounts  to  millions  every  year,  and  in  itself 
amounts  to  a  considerable  profit  on  the  working  of  a 
farm. 


See  that  jilenty  of  seasoned  wood  is  store<l  in  the 
\vof>(\  shed,  and  do  not  subject  the  women  of  the  house- 
liold  to  the  annoyance  of  having  to  use  wet  fuel  to 
cook  the  meals  and  keep  the  home  warm. 

Have  an  abundance  of  feed  stored  convenient  for 
the  stock,  so  that  if  short  handed  at  Christmas  and 
Xew  Year,  which  is  very  often  the  case,  the  stock  will 
not  have  to  suffer. 


Don't  send  all  the  best  of  the  farm  ju-oducts  to  the 
(^hristmas  and  Xew  Year  markets,  but  keep  an  abun- 
dant supply  for  home  use,  so  that  all  the  family  and 
visitors  may  be  able  to  enjov  a  merry  Christmas. 
"Tts  a  poor  heart  that  never  rejoices,"  and  no  one  has 
a  greater  right  to  enjoy  the  good  things  of  life  than 
the  fanner  who  ]>roduces  the  most  of  them. 


That  the  Xew  Year  may  l>e  a  happy  and  ]irosperous 
one  for  all  our  readers  is  our  heart-folt  wish  and 
prayer. 


ROTATION  OF  CROPS. 

The  subject  of  the  jn-oj^er  rotiition  of  cro]is  on  a 
farm  is  one  that  up  to  the  ]iresent  has  received  com- 
paratively little  attention  in  this  country,  and  practi- 
callv  none  in  the  South.     With  the  vast  areas  of  un- 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


749 


occvipied  land  in  the  cmmtry  and  the  large  quantity  of 
nncnltivated  land  common  on  the  gi-eat  plantations 
of  the  South,  the  subject  has  not  pressed  for  attention. 
When  Uncle  Sam  could  give  every  farmer  a  new  farm 
when  the  old  one  ceased  to  return  good  crops  men 
thought  it  of  no  concern  to  them  to  learn  how  to  make 
the  old  farm  permanently  profitable,  and  were  con- 
tent to  call  their  farm  a  profitable  one  so  long  as  they 
could  secure  from  it  a  good  living  for  themselves  and 
something  over  and  took  no  stock  in  the  idea  that  it 
was  a  duty  they  owed  to  posterity  to  maintain  fer- 
tility. They  held  strongly  to  the  Irishman's  theory 
that  posterity  had  done  nothing  for  them,  and  therer 
fore  they  need  not  concern  themselves  about  posterity. 
And  yet  this  conception  of  a  profitable  farm  is  a  radi- 
cally wrong  one.  A  truly  j^rofitable  farm  is  one 
which  not  only  provides  a  good  living  and  something 
over  for  the  present  owner,  but  also  maintains  and 
adds  to  its  fertility  for  the  benefit  of  those  who  come 
after.  How  few  Southern  farms  answer  to  this 
requirement  I  Now  that  Uncle  Sam  has  given  away 
all  the  good  farms,  and  many  of  his  poor  ones  also, 
the  subject  presses  for  consideration.  In  the  South 
the  question  has  up  to  the  present  been  answered  by 
turning  oiit  the  old  cultivated  land  and  taking  in  and 
clearing  up  some  of  the  new  land,  or  in  more  recent 
years  by  tuniing  again  to  that  part  of  the  plantation 
which  had  been  turned  out  years  ago.  and  upon  which 
nature  has  been  exercising  her  beneficent  work  in  re- 
cuperating the  soil  slowly  by  adding  each  year  to  the 
soil  the  decaving  matter  of  the  natural  vegetation, 
and  the  pines  have  been  pumping  up  from  the  subsoil 
and  making  available  the  mineral  plant  food  natu- 
rally existing  in  the  soil.  The  spread  of  the  system 
of  breaking  up  the  old  large  jilantations  into  small 
farms  to  meet  the  requirements  of  an  increasing  popu- 
lation and  the  incoming  of  settlers  from  the  North 
and  West  and  the  Northwest  is  gradually  lessening 
the  opporUinities.  for  thus  meeting  the  difficulty  of 
lessened  fertility  in  the  old  cultivated  lands,  and 
forcing  the  consideration  of  rotation  of  crops  as  a 
remedy  for  the  evil  of  one  crop  production,  and  con- 
sequently sterility  of  the  soil.  The  example  of  Eng- 
land and  the  result  of  the  investigations  of  the  Bureau 
of  Soils  shows  conclusively  that  these  so-called  ex- 
hausted old  farms  are  not  yet  devoid  of  fertility. 
Hundreds  of  years  of  cultivation  of  the  laud  in  Eng- 
land has  not  yet  deprived  its  lands  of  the  capacity  to 
produce  even  greater  crops  than  the  virgin  soil  of  this 
land,  and  this  because  for  a' great  part  of  that  time, 
certainly  for  the  last  hundred  years,  a  system  of  rota- 
tion of  crops  has  been  positively  required  by  the  o^vn- 
ers  of  the  lands  as  a  condition  of  their  occupancy. 


The  recent  investigations  of  the  Bureau  of  Soils  prove 
conclusively  that  all  soils  capable  of  cultivation,  whe- 
ther they  have  been  manured  or  fertilized  or  not,  con- 
tain about  the  same  proportions  of  plant  food  soluble 
in  the  natural  soil  moisture,  and  that  in  all  cases  there 
is  of  this  plant  food  an  abundance  for  the  needs  of 
crops  for  years  to  come.  The  problem,  then,  is  how 
to  secure  this  and  to  make  farming  profitable  without 
having  to  seek  new  lands  in  a  country  where  every 
day  these  are  getting  scarcer.  In  seeking  to  solve 
this  problem  the  Bureau  of  Soils  has  come  to  the  con- 
clusion that  the  most  potent  factors  are  more  perfect 
and  deeper  cultivation  of  the  soil,  so  as  to  permit  of 
the  holding  of  more  soil  moisture,  and  a  judi- 
cious rotation  of  crops.  They  support  these 
conclusions  by  numerous  examples  of  exactly 
similar  soil  producing  in  one  section  good  crops  and 
in  another  poor  ones  solely  as  the  result  in  the 
one  case  of  better  plowing  and  cultivation  and  in  the 
other  of  following  out  the  old  system  of  barely  break- 
ing the  surface.  As  an  illustration  of  the  value  of 
rotation  they  cite  the  case  of  the  Rothampst«ad  wheat 
experiments  in  England,  where,  on  one  field  which 
has  grown  wheat  continuously  without  manure  or  fer- 
tilizer for  fifty  years,  (he  yield  has  been  reduced  one- 
half,  and  where  in  another  and  adjoining  field  wheat 
has  been  gTOwn,  also  without  manure  or  fertilizer,  in 
rotation  with  other  crops  only  once  in  four  years,  and 
the  yield  has  continued  practically  the  same  over  the 
whole  jieriod.  What  has  been  done  can  be  done,  and 
is  being  done,  in  some  few  places  here.  Where  one 
or  two  crops  only  are  gi-own  they  are  continuously 
making  a  call  upon  the  land  for  the  same  elements  of 
fertility,  and  thus  exhausting  these  and  unbalancing 
the  fertility  of  the  soil.  A  balanced  plant  food  ration 
is  as  essential  as  a  balanced  stock  food  ration,  in  se- 
curing profitable  crops,  and  profitable  feeding. 
Again,  the  character  of  the  one  or  two  crops  groAvn  is 
usually  such  that  they  are  robbers  and  not  recui)era- 
tors  of  the  soil.  They  use  up  the  humus  in  the  soil, 
and  thus  render  it  hard  and  incapable  of  holding 
moisture,  and  they  do  not  secure  for  it  any  of  the 
nitrogen  so  essential  for  fertility,  and  which  is  found 
in  unlimited  quantity  in  the  atmosphere.  The  lack 
of  a  system  of  rotation  is  also  injurious  to  crop  pro- 
duction in  that  it  conduces  to  the  spread  of  insect  and 
funffoid  pests  which  alone  cause  the  loss  of  millions 
of  dollars  every  year  to  American  farmers.  Nearly 
all  these  pests  are  dependent  for  their  continuous  ex- 
istence on  conditions  which  provide  them  with  prac- 
tically the  same  food,  or  the  same  host  plants,  on  the 
same  land  each  year.  Break  this  continuity  and  the 
pests  are  at  once  lessened  or  exterminated.     In  the 


750 


THE  SOUTHERlSr  PLANTER. 


[December 


absence  of  their  accustomed  food,  or  host  plants,  or  in 
the  presence  of  their  enemies,  which  come  often  upon 
other  crops,  they  succumb.  We  htve  surely  said  suffi- 
cient to  show  the  importance  of  establishing  now  a 
system  of  rotation  on  every  farm.  What  that  rota- 
tion should  be  is  purely  a  local  question.  In  some 
sections  it  may  be  a  long  one,  running  over  five  or  even 
seven  years,  in  others  it  should  be  a  short  one,  not 
exceeding  three.  In  some  sections  the  soil  is  better 
adapted  naturally  to  one  or  two  crops,  and  local 
market  conditions  may  make  these  more  profitable 
than  others.  In  some  sections  a  grass  sod  holds  natu- 
rally on  the  soil  and  keeps  in  full  vigor  for  several 
years,  whilst  in  others  it  will  only  hold  for  one  or  two 
years  and  then  become  infested  vrith  weeds  or  become 
so  thin  on  the  ground  as  not  to  yield  profitable  crops. 
All  these  and  many  other  considerations  must  be 
borne  in  mind  when  deciding  upon  a  rotation.  The 
one  thing  of  importance  to  decide  is  that  no  field  shall 
grow  two  grain  crops  of  the  like  character  in  two  suc- 
ceeding years.  As  far  as  possible  determine  that  an 
exhausting  crop  shall  always  be  succeeded  by  a  recu- 
perating crop.  In  a  section  where  red  clover  does  well, 
let  this  be  one  of  the  crops  to  come  on  the  land  at  least 
once  in  each  rotation,  and  in  the  South  this  can 
usually  be  more  than  accomplished,  for  here  we  can 
grow  a  red  clover  crop  in  the  summer  and  a  crimson 
clover  crop  in  the  winter.  Where  clover  does  not  suc- 
ceed well,  then  let  cow  peas,  soy  beans  and  vetches 
take  the  place  of  the  red  clover.  These  are  all  recuper- 
ating crops.  They  take  nitrogen  from  the  atmosphere 
and  fix  it  in  the  soil  for  the  benefit  of  the  succeeding 
crops.  We  have  known  a  crimson  clover  crop  to  in- 
crease the  yield  of  a  corn  crop  25  bushels  to  the  acre, 
and  a  cow  pea  crop  to  increase  a  wheat  crop  10  bush- 
els to  the  acre.  The  vetch  crop  is  even  more  success- 
ful in  fixing  nitrogen  than  the  cow  pea.  In  an  ex- 
periment made  at  Cornell  Experiment  Station,  N.  Y., 
it  was  found  that  a  crop  of  hairy  vetch  had  secured 
256  pounds  to  the  acre,  as  against  an  average  of  52 
pounds  secured  by  cow  peas  in  the  section  where  they 
are  most  successfully  grown.  In  the  central  and 
coast  plain  of  the  Southern  States,  where  a  grass  sod 
does  not  usually  hold  well  to  the  soil  a  three  or  four 
years'  rotation  is,  in  our  opinion,  the  one  likeliest  to 
be  adopted  with  success,  whilst  in  the  Piedmont  sec- 
tions and  further  West  a  five  or  six  years'  course  will 
be  best  and  most  profitable.  Whatever  length  of  time 
is  decided  upon,  never  wait  so  long  to  break  up  a  grass 
sod  as  to  allow  it  practically  to  die  out.  Not  only 
will  it  in  such  a  case  be  an  unprofitable  field  for  either 
a  hay  meadow  or  a  pasture  in  the  last  year  or  two, 
but  it  will  cause  the  loss  of  the  vegetable  matter  of  the 


grass  and  the  roots  which  it  is  always  an  important 
matter  to  consider,  as  these  tend  so  largely  to  add  to 
the  humus  in  the  soil.  Break  a  sod  always  when  it 
is  beginning  to  fail,  and  not  when  it  has  failed.  Put 
the  coarse  manure  of  the  barnyard  on  the  sod  in  the 
fall  and  break  for  corn.  A  clover  sod  should  in  like 
manner  be  utilized  by  breaking  it  for  wheat.  It  will 
supply  the  nitrogen  needed  by  the  crop,  and  thus  make 
the  cost  of  production  much  less  and  the  certainty  of 
a  good  yield  greater.  By  watching  these  chances  of 
securing  help  to  succeeding  crops  much  economy  in 
production  can  be  secured,  and  at  the  same  time  the 
fertility  of  the  land  not  be  impaired,  but  be  enhanced. 


PLANT  FOOD  AND  CROP  PRODUCTION. 

In  our  last  issue  we  discussed  at  some  length  a  part 
of  the  bulletin  issued  by  the  Bureau  of  Soils  of  Ike 
Department  of  Agriculture,  which,  as  we  then  stated, 
we  regard  as  one  of  the  most  valuable  contributions  to 
the  science  of  crop  production  ever  issued.  We  pro- 
pose now  to  take  up  other  points  in  the  bulletin.  As 
pointed  out  in  our  last  article,  the  texture  of  the  soil 
influences  the  climate  of  the  soil  in  that  it  affects  the 
water  supply  and  the  temperature  under  which  the 
crop  is  produced.  The  actual  distribution  of  the  wa- 
ter which  falls,  and  the  supply  of  water  to  the  crop,  is 
regiilated  almost  entirely  by  the  physical  character- 
istics of  the  soil.  So  far  as  the  necessary  water  sup- 
ply of  crops  is  concerned,  therefore  the  crop  is  not 
dependent  directly  iipon  the  rainfall,  but  upon  the 
daily  and  hourly  supply  which  can  be  delivered  by  the 
soil  to  the  roots  of  the  plants,  whether  the  ultimate 
source  of  supply  is  from  rainfall  irrigation  or  seepage. 
The  influence  of  the  texture  of  the  soil  upon  the  yield 
of  crops  is  strikingly  shown  in  the  cropping  of  the 
light  sandy  soils  of  the  Atlantic  coast,  which,  because 
of  the  light  yield  of  corn  and  wheat,  are  used  almost 
exclusively  for  truck  crops,  and  in  the  iise  of  the 
Hagerstown  loam  and  clay  of  the  Lancaster  area  of 
Pennsylvania,  the  valley  of  Virginia  and  the  blue 
grass  region  of  Kentucky  and  Tennessee  in  produc- 
ing hay  and  grain.  Eor  the  same  reason  the  Miami 
black  clay  loam  of  Ohio  and  Illinois  is  iised  for  com, 
the  sandy  soils  of  "Virginia  for  bright,  yellow  tobacco, 
and  the  clay  soils  of  the  same  State  for  the  heavy 
manufacturing  and  export  tobacco.  The  investiga- 
tions of  the  Bureau  indicate  approximately  the  same 
amount,  and  the  same  proportions,  of  plant  food  per 
unit  of  soil  solution  in  these  differest  types  of  soil. 
The  physical  properties,  however,  are  very  different. 
The  Miami  clav  loam  maintains  usuallv  from  25  to 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


751 


30  per  cent,  of  water.  The  Norfolk  sand  maintains 
usually  only  about  6  per  cent,  of  water.  The  Miami 
clay,  with  good  methods  of  cultivation,  yields  60  or 
80  bushels  of  com  to  the  acre.  Experiments  have 
shown  that  every  pound  of  dry  matter  in  the  corn 
crop  requires  about  300  or  400  pounds  of  water  to 
make  it.  The  com  plant  would  presumably  require 
as  m\ich  water  per  pound  whether  grown  on  the  Nor- 
folk sand  or  on  the  Miami  clay,  but  because  it  cannot 
obtain  this  in  the  Norfolk  sand  the  crop  there  only 
makes  from  8  to  10  bushels  to  the  acre.  The  amount 
of  soluble  plant  food  in  both  soils  is  practically  the 
same.  The  water  holding  capacity  of  the  soil  and  its 
power  to  deliver  this  to  the  plant  is  the  cause  of  the 
difference  in  yield,  and  this  water  holding  power  is 
affected  largely  by  the  texture  of  the  soil  and  its  phy- 
sical conditions  as  controlled  by  cultivation.  Another 
influence  controlling  the  yield  of  crops  is  rotation. 
This  is  well  illustrated  by  the  Rothampstead  wheat 
experiments.  There  the  yield  of  wheat  grown  con- 
tinuously without  manure  or  fertilizer  for  fifty  years 
has  been  reduced  from  334  bushels  to  15  bushels. 
'Where  wheat  has  been  rotated  with  roots^  barley, 
clover,  beans  or  fallow,  the  wheat  being  sown  every 
fourth  year  for  forty-four  years  without  the  addition 
of  manure  or  fertilizer,  the  yield  of  wheat  has  not 
been  sensibly  reduced.  The  yield  of  wheat  even  where 
the  roots  were  carted  off  and  the  land  left  in  fallow 
being  334  bushels  in  1883,  as  against  304  bushels  in 
1857,  and  35  bushels  in  1859.  The  yield  of  wheat 
in  this  same  experiment  on  land  where  mixed  mineral 
and  nitrogenous  manures  and  fertilizers  has  been  iised 
in  some  part  of  the  rotation  has  not  been  sensibly 
larger.  In  this  case,  then,  by  a  simple  rotation  and 
change  of  cultural  methods  from  year  to  year  ivith  the 
change  of  crop  the  yield  of  wheat  has  been  maintained 
practically  constant  for  forty-four  years,  whereas  the 
yield  of  xvheat  under  continuous  culture  has  fallen 
one-half  in  the  same  time.  This  decrease  can  be 
ascribed  only  to  some  physical  change  in  the  soil,  to 
some  chemical  change  other  than  the  actual  loss  of 
plant  food,  or  possibly  to  the  accumiilation  of  disease 
germs,  insects,  etc.,  which  it  is  known  frequently  oc- 
curs where  rotation  is  not  practiced.  Another  in- 
fluence affecting  the  vield  of  a  crop  is  the  variety  of 
seed  used.  Just  why  this  should  influence  the  yield 
has  never  been  determined.  It  is  due  imquestion- 
ably  to  other  factors  in  plant  gro'ni;h.  possibly  to  sea- 
sonal changes,  conditions  of  cultivation,  or  other  in- 
fluences of  which  we  know  nothing.  It  may  be  that 
the  great  variation  in  the  yield  from  different  varie- 
ties of  seed  are  really  due  to  the  condition  of  the  pre- 
ceding crop  or  the  vitality  and  state  of  maturity  of  the 


seed,  but  so  far  as  known  the  differences  are  due  to 
the  kind  of  seed  used  as  influenced  by  the  condition 
of  the  soil  and  climate. 

In  further  discussion  of  the  part  played  by  com- 
mercial fertilizers  in  the  yield  of  crops,  the  authors 
of  the  bulletin  say :  "If  the  generalizations  contained 
in  the  bulletin  to  the  effect  that  the  soil  moisture  has 
sensibly  the  same  composition  in  different  types  of 
soil  and  in  soil  under  good  and  poor  methods  of  culti- 
vation, and  that  there  is  more  of  these  fertilizing  in- 
gredients in  all  soils  than  the  plant  actually  needs  be 
sustained,  it  may  well  be  that  the  role  of  fertilizers  re- 
quires other  explanations  than  those  now  generally 
accepted."  The  fundamental  idea  in  the  use  of  com- 
mercial fertilizers  has  been  that  of  supplying  plant 
food  in  an  available  form.  It  is  significant  that  other 
conditions  of  growth  have  so  much  influence  on  the 
yield  that  in  but  very  few  instances,  even  after  long 
continued  experiment,  has  it  been  demonstrated  that 
any  particular  fertilizing  ingredient  or  ingredients 
are  required  for  any  particular  soil,  and  that  even 
then  the  effect  of  the  fertilizer  varies  so  greatly  from 
year  to  year  that  no  specific  law  has  been  worked  out 
from  which  the  fertilizing  requirements  could  be  de- 
duced. It  is  a  fact  admitting  of  no  argument  thai 
fertilizers  rarely  take  the  place  of  efficient  methods  of 
cultivation  and  of  cropping  in  increasing  or  maintain- 
ig  crop  yields.  With  the  present  methods  of  cultiva- 
tion the  difference  between  the  yield  of  8  bushels  of 
wheat  per  acre  on  the  Cecil  clay  in  North  Carolina 
and  25  to  30  bushels  per  acre  on  the  same  soil  in 
Maryland  cannot  be  adjusted  by  the  application  of 
any  kind  or  any  amoimt  of  fertilizers  to  the  North 
Carolina  soil.  The  idea  now  held  by  the  Bureau  of 
Soils  as  a  result  of  the  investigation  is  that  the  ratio 
of  the  niitrient  elements  (plant  food)  in  normal  soils 
does  not  play  a  very  important  part  in  the  yield  of 
crops,  or,  to  be  more  explicit,  low  yields  are  usually 
related  to  the  physical  condition  and  characteristics 
of  the  soil.  The  conclusions  drawn  by  the  authors  of 
the  bulletin  from  a  consideration  of  all  the  data  of  the 
experiments  made,  is  that  plants  can  and  do  yield 
ordinary  crops  though  growing  in  soils  containing 
very  small  traces  of  all  the  plant  foods,  while  if  the 
amount  of  these  plant  foods  is  increased  a  thousand 
times,  as  in  the  case  of  the  alkali  soils  of  the  West, 
where  potash,  lime,  phosphoric  acid  and  nitrates  are 
frequently  found  in  very  large  amounts,  they  are  un- 
able to  give  corresponding  increases  in  the  yield.  On 
the  contrary,  the  yield  from  these  arid  soils  under 
irrigation  is  no  greater  than  that  obtained  from  the 
=oils  of  the  humid  regions  which  contain  far  less  of 
these  mineral  plant  foods,  provided  the  season  in  the 


752 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLANTER. 


[December 


humid  region  is  just  right,  or  that  irrigation  be  prac- 
ticed. The  exhaiistive  investigation  of  manv  types 
of  soil  by  very  accurate  methods  of  analysis  under 
many  conditions  of  cultivation,  and  of  cropping  in 
areas  yielding  large  crops,  and  in  adjoining  areas 
yielding  small  crops,  has  shown  that  there  is  no  ob- 
vious relation  between  the  amount  of  the  several  nu- 
tritive elements  in  the  soil  and  the  yield  of  the  crops — 
that  is  to  say,  that  no  essential  chemical  difference 
has  been  found  between  the  solution  produced  in  a 
soil  yielding  a  large  crop  of  wheat  and  that  in  a  soil 
of  the  same  character  in  adjoining  fields  giving  much 
smaller  vields.  The  conclusion  logically  follows 
that  on  the  average  farm  the  great  controlling  factor 
in  the  yield  of  crops  is  not  the  amouni  of  plant  food 
in  the  soil,  but  is  a  physical  factor  the  exact  nature  of 
which  is  yet  to  be  determined.  It  is  not  to  be  deduced 
from  this  that  fertilizers  do  not  frequently  increase 
the  yield  of  crops,  but  whether  this  increase  is  Awe 
to  an  actual  increase  of  the  plant  food  in  the  soil,  to 
an  early  stimulation  of  the  plant  to  enable  it  to  get 
its  roots  out  into  a  sufficient  volume  of  soil,  or  to  some 
physiological  or  physical  effect,  is  not  altogether  clear. 
The  results  of  these  investigations  also  seem  to  indi- 
cate that  the  actual  quantity  of  water  a  soil  can  fur- 
nish the  plant,  irrespective  of  the  percentage  of  water 
actually  present  in  the  soil  has  probably  a  very  im 
port<nnt  influence  on  the  yield.  The  conclusion  seems 
justified,  that  although  differences  in  the  dissolved 
saJt  content  (plant  food)  or  in  the  concentration  and 
composition  of  the  soil  moisture  may  be  a  factor  in  the 
yield  as  well  as  quality  of  a  crop,  it  does  not  appear  to 
be  a  major  one  in  determining  or  controlling  the  wide 
variations  observed  in  crop  yields  on  different  soils. 
Tt  appears  further  that  practically  all  soils  contain 
sufficient  plant  food  for  good  crop  yields,  that  this 
.fupply  will  be  indefinitely  maintained,  and  that  this 
actual  yield  of  plants  adapted  to  the  soil  depends 
mainly  under  favorable  climatic  conditions  upon  the 
cultural  methods  and  suitable  crop  rotation — a  con 
elusion  strictly  in  accord  with  the  experience  of  good 
farm  practice  in  all  countries. 


TALL  CORN. 

In  a  recent  issue,  replying  to  a  correspondent  who 
asked  whether  it  was  not  possible  to  secure  a  shorter 
growing  corn  in  the  South  by  using  Xorthern  seed,  we 
replied  that  there  was  no  means  known  to  us  of  pre- 
venting corn  from  becoming  much  taller  in  the  South 
than  in  the  North  and  West,  and  that  if  Northern 
seed  was  used  it  would  at  once  commence  to  grow  tall, 


and  in  two  or  three  years  would  become  as  tall  as  that 
grown  from  Southern  seed.  This  reply  was  founded 
on  practical  experience.  We  have  known  the  experi- 
ment tried  and  it  resulted  as  we  state.  Our  long 
growing  season  and  a  climate  specially  congenial  to 
the  corn  plant,  causes  this.  The  Editor  of  the  Prac- 
tical Faraier  (Prof,  ilassey),  in  a  recent  issue  of  that 
paper,  takes  partial  issue  with  us  on  this  subject,  and 
cont-ends  that  with  care  in  selection  of  the  seed  for  a 
number  of  years  much  may  be  done  to  correct  this  ap- 
parently natural  tendency  of  the  corn  plant  here, 
and  that  we  can  get  rid  of  the  very  tall  stalks  with 
only  one  ear  growing  near  the  top.  ^Vhilst  experi- 
ments made  in  the  West  go  to  show  that  a  great  in- 
crease can  be  made  in  the  yield  by  selection  and  care- 
ful breeding  of  corn  for  a  series  of  years,  yet  we  doubt 
much  whether  this  will  largely  affect  the  height  to 
which  the  stalks  will  grow  in  this  Southern  climate. 
Prof.  "Massey  suggests  Cocke's  Prolific  as  the  variety 
to  use  in  endeavoring  to  correct  the  tall  growing  habit. 
Whilst  we  agree  with  Prof.  Massey  in  the  advisa- 
bility of  selecting  Cocke's  Prolific  as  the  variety  to 
use  for  experimenting,  yet  this  agreement  is  not  based 
on  the  idea  that  its  use  would  result  in  a  shorter  corn, 
but  rather  that  it  would  result  in  a  greater  yielding 
corn.  Cocke's  Prolific  is  one  of  the  tallest  growing 
corns  we  know,  and  one  which  takes  the  longest  time 
to  complete  its  growth.  In  this  respect  it  is  well 
adapted  to  our  climatic  conditions.  It  originated  in 
the  James  River  Valley  west  of  Richmond,  and  ha.s 
been  there  bred  to  great  perfection.  The  greatest 
corn  yield  ever  made  in  the  State,  160  bushels  to  the 
acre,  was  made  by  Cocke's  Prolific  grown  near  by 
Bellmead,  where  the  variety  originated.  The  grower 
of  tJiis  ci-op.  Mr.  TI.  E.  Wood,  sent  us  a  large  bundle 
of  the  stalks  of  this  crop  to  let  us  see  the  character  of 
the  same.  These  stalks  ran  all  the  way  from  1-t  to 
IS  feet  tall.  The  peculiarity,  however,  and  this  is 
characteristic  of  the  variety  and  what  makes  it  so 
valuable,  was  in  the  number  of  ears  on  the  stalks. 
On  the  tallest  stalk  sent  us  there  were  11  ears  of  corn, 
and  none  of  the  stalks  had  less  than  four  ears  on  them. 
The  average  number  of  ears  on  a  stalk  throughout  the 
crop  was  not  less  than  two,  and  a  very  large  propor- 
tion liad  three  good  ears.  Now.  with  such  a  produc- 
tion of  ears  possible,  we  see  no  reason  why  we  should 
desire  a  .shorter  stalk.  If,  in  addition  to  producing 
from  two  to  three  ears  on  the  stalk,  we  can  also  get 
the  great  increase  of  fodder,  which  a  tall  stalk  gives, 
we  surely  need  not  seek  to  alter  the  habit  of  the  va- 
riety. One  thing  is  perfectly  certain,  that  without  a 
tall  stalk  and  a  great  leafage  on  the  stalk  we  can 
never  secure  a  variety  that  will  also  give  a  great  num- 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER. 


75? 


ber  of  ears,  for  the  seed  bearing  possibility  of  all 
plants  is  largely  controlled  by  luxuriance  of  growth. 
Without  the  stalk  and  leaves  to  elaborate  the  sap  and 
juices  of  the  plant  and  convert  them  by  nature's 
methods  largely  into  seed  vessels  and  seed  no  gi-eat 
yield  of  seed  or  fruit  can  be  looked  for  from  any 
plant.  A  healthy  and  luxuriant  foliage  on  any  plant 
is  a  sina  qua  non  for  successfiil  seed  and  fruit  bearing 
and  in  this  respect  corn  is  no  exception.  We  quite 
agree  with  Prof.  INfassey  that  it  is  desirable  to  get  rid 
as  far  as  ])ossible  of  the  tall  growing  corn  so  common 
in  the  South,  each  stalk  carrying  only  at  most  one 
ear,  and  many  not  an  ear  at  all,  and  believe  that  this 
is  quite  possible  by  following  his  suggestions  as  to  se- 
lection of  seed,  but  we  see  no  reason  why  we  should 
desire  to  get  rid  of  tall  growing  corn  carrying  at  least 
two  ears  on  each  stalk.  The  heavier  the  gro^\i:h  we 
can  get  on  an  acre  of  land  and  the  more  profit  we  can 
get  out  of  it  if  we  only  utilize  that  growth  as  we 
ought  to  do,  and  especially  is  this  true  of  corn  where 
analysis  shows  that  nearly  one-half  of  the  nutritive 
feed  vahie  of  the  crop  is  in  the  stalk  and  fodder. 


SMALL  FARMS  WELL  TILLED. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

I  strongly  and  persistently  advocate  the  "small 
farm  well  tilled."  A  few  years  ago  a  German-Ameri- 
can correspondent  of  ours  came  to  Norfolk  with  his 
wife  and  three  small  children.  The  mother  was  in  the 
last  stages  of  consumption  and  lived  only  a  year  after 
reaching  this  seaport. 

After  payinff  the  expenses,  incident  to  the  death 
and  burial  of  his  wife,  he  found  himself  tln-ee  dollars 
in  debt.  ITis  assets  comprised  a  few  articles  of  house- 
hold goods,  and  three  small  children  and  not  a  dollar 
in  his  ]iockets.  On  the  contrary  he  owed  three  dollars 
when  he  began  working  for  one  of  our  market  gar 
deners. 

He  soon  liegan,  however,  to  work  for  himself  in  a 
small  way.  Now  after  a  few  years  he  is  getting  on  his 
feet  and  is  considering  the  purchase  of  a  good  fai-ni 
of  his  own.  Having  accumulated  considerable  money 
and  learned  all  about  the  trucking  business  ,  he  is  now 
in  a  position  to  buy. 

At  my  suggestion  he  has  been  keeping  close  ac- 
count of  a  little  field  or  piece  of  his  market  garden. 
He  selected  a  plat,  which,  by  measurement,  contained 
a  little  less  than  one-third  of  an  acre  of  land. 

On  the  15th  of  September,  1902,  he  sowed  it  to 
spinach,  which  he  marketed  in  January,  1003  ;  selling 
fifty  barrels  at  one  dollar  and  fifty  cent,'^  jier  barrel: 


and  twenty-one  barrels  at  two  dollars  per  barrel.  Hi- 
expense  account  with  the  one-third  acre  was  as  fol- 
lows :  Cost  of  barrels,  thirteen  dollars  and  eighty-one 
cents ;  cost  to  cut  spinach,  four  dollars  and  ninety- 
seven  cents ;  cost  of  fertilizer,  six  dollars  and  fifty 
cents ;  freight  to  New  York,  ten  dollars  and  si."cty-five 
cents;  commission  for  selling  in  New  York,  nine  dol- 
lars and  thirty-six  cents ;  seed,  forty  cents. 

By  adding  these  items  of  expense  together,  and  de- 
ducting the  same  from  the  gi'oss  sales,  one  will  see 
that  the  spinach  crop  netted  him  seventy-one  dollars 
and  thirty  cents  from  the  one-third  acre,  clear  of  all 
expense. 

The  last  days  in  February  or  first  week  in  March 
he  set  out  lettuce  on  this  one-third  acre,  and  in  April, 
1903,  sold  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  baskets  of  let- 
tuce, at  two  dollars  per  basket,  or  two  himdred  and 
seventy  dollars.  His  expense  on  the  lettuce  crop  was : 
Baskets,  nine  dollars  and  forty-five  cents;  freight, 
eighteen  dollars  and  ninety  cents;  commission  for 
selling,  twenty-one  dollars  and  sixty  cents;  fertilizer, 
five  dollars ;  labor,  seventy-five  cents ;  leaving  two 
hundred  and  fourteen  dollars  and  forty  cents  net 
profit  after  deducting  all  expenses. 

Before  the  lettuce  was  sold,  in  April,  he  planted 
snap  beans  between  the  rows;  but  the  crop  was  not,  a 
success,  yet  he  realized  a  little  over  ten  dollars  clear 
profit  from  the  beans.  We  liere  see  a  clear  net  profit 
of  two  hundred  and  ninety-four  dollars  and  sixty-one 
cents  from  less  than  one-third  of  an  acre,  inside  of 
nine  months :  from  the  15th  September,  1902,  to  15th 
of  June,  1903.  These  nine  months  included  the  win- 
ter months,  and  there  were  three  growing  months  left 
in  the  year  yet — from  June  1 5  th  around  to  September 
15th,  in  which  our  friend  could  have  grown  another 
ci-op,  and  thus  made  his  net  cash  profit,  on  one-third 
acre,  in  one  vear's  time,  more  than  three  Imndred  dol- 
lars. 

Now  in  this  ease,  this  man  liad  no  great  capital, 
and  made  no  special  or  great  effort,  and  could,  in  all 
probability,  do  even  better  next  time. 

Had  he  been  able  to  have  retailed  his  profluce  here 
at  home,  direct  to  the  consumer,  lie  could  have  made 
much  greater  profit ;  but  he  sent  every  package  of  his 
produce  to  commission  men  in  New  York  to  sell  for 
him,  and  still  made,  as  stated,  two  hundred  and  nine- 
ty-four dollars  and  sixty-one  cents,  from  one-third  of 
an  acre,  in  nine  months  time. 

Of  course  all  can  not  do  as  this  poor  but  thrifty, 
farmer  did ;  simply  or  mainly  because  they  do  nof. 
have  the  climale,  soil  and  markets  to  aid  them;  but 
there  are  several  hundred  thousand  acres  of  land  in 
Eastern  Virginia,  which,  if  carefully  and  thoroughly 


754 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[Dieceinber 


cultivated,  and  the  produce  harvested  and  marketed  in 
t  husineaalike  manner,  would  yield  a  net  cash  return ; 
which  would  astonish  the  Western  wheat  and  com 
grower. 

I  plead  earnestly  for  intensive  farming.  Give  las 
good  thorough  intensive  farmers  and  farming  in  East- 
ern Virginia  for  a  f  ew  years,  and  we  will  show  you 
extensive  and  very  sttisfactorj'  results. 

If  one  is  near  to  a  good  local  market,  or  has  a  cheap 
freight  rate  to  reach  a  half  million  consumers,  let 
him  put  in  a  five  acre  garden ;  and,  after  his  family 
is  supplied,  ship  the  balance,  and  see  if  the  five  acres 
in  garden  crops  do  not  return  more  clear  profit  than 
forty  acres  in  corn  or  wheat. 

Do  not  try  to  cover  too  much  land,  but  cover  it  well. 
This  should  be  the  aim  of  every  tiller  of  the  soil; 
especially  of  every  one  who  lives  in  this  mild  and  mid- 
dle latitude,  near-the-sea,  which  insures  an  equable 
climate,  a  liberal  well  distributed  rainfall,  cheap 
transportation,  and  easy  access  to  ten  million  con- 
sumers. 

If  Eastern  Virginia  is  once  thoroughly  and  inten- 
sively tilled  it  will  be  able  to  furnish  "garden  sass" 
for  more  than  fifty  million  consumers. 

Norfolh  county.  A.  Jeffees. 


ENQUIRERS'  COLUMN. 


Enquiries  sliould  be  sent  to  the  office  ofj  The  Southern  PUn- 
^«r,°Richmond,  Va.,  not^later  than  the  15th  of  the  month  for 
replies  to  appear  in  the  next  month'sjissue. 


Cotton  Seed  Hulls,  Corn  Shucks,  English  Peas,  Irish 
Potato  Planting  in  December,  Wood  Ashes, 
Manure. 

1.  Are  cotton  seed  hulls  at  50  cents  per  hundred 
valuable  for  feeding  milch  cows  ? 

2.  Are  com  husks  fed  alone  as  good  for  milch  cows 
as  the  stalk  fodder? 

3.  Which  is  better  to  plant  English  peas  in  Decem- 
ber or  February  for  early  crop  ? 

4.  Should  potatoes  planted  in  December  be  cut  or 
be  planted  whole  ? 

.*).  Are  pure  dogwood  ashes  worth  10  cents  per 
bushel  for  a  fertilizer  for  garden  truck  and  what  kind 
of  truck  are  they  best  for  ? 

fi.  Should  manure  put  on  plowed  ground  this  fall 
be  scattered  and  harrowed  in  ? 

7.  Will  it  pay  me  to  haul  manure  for  one  mile  at 
30  cents  for  a  one-horse  load  that  has  sawdust  in  it? 

J.  L.  Beitton. 

Mecklenburg  county,  Ya. 

1 .  The  digestible  nutrients  in  cotton  seed  hulls  are 


less  than  are  contained  in  oat  straw.  The  protein 
and  carbo-hydrates  are  less,  the  fat  a  little  more.  For 
feed  therefore  they  are  only  worth  the  price  of  straw. 

2.  There  is  very  little  difference  in  the  digestible 
nutrients  in  shucks  and  stalk  fodder.  As  feed  they 
are  about  of  equal  value. 

3.  In  your  section  we  would  plant  the  English  peas 
in  December  if  we  could  get  them  in  on  well  prepared 
land  and  a  nice  seed  bed  not  too  wet.  February  is 
often  a  wet  month  and  one  in  which  it  is  difficult  to 
get  a  good  seed  bed.  If  the  ground  is,  however,  in 
nice  order  they  will  do  well  sown  in  February. 

4.  We  would  plant  the  sets  whole  in  December. 

5.  We  cannot  find  an  analysis  of  dogwood  ashes 
but  presume  they  will  be  about  as  rich  in  potash  as 
other  hard  woods.  This  varies  from  4  to  5  per  cent, 
in  unleached  ashes.  This  potash  is  worth  about  4 
cents  per  pound,  say  16  to  20  cents  per  hundred 
pounds  of  ashes.  The  other  main  constituent  of  the 
ashes  is  lime,  which  has,  of  course,  some  value,  but 
not  much  should  be  added  to  the  price  of  potash  for 
this.  Ashes  are  valuable  to  use  on  all  the  potash  lov- 
ing crops  like  Irish  potatoes  and  cabbages  and  also 
for  fruit  trees. 

6.  Scatter  the  manure  at  once  but  there  is  no  im- 
mediate necessity  to  harrow  it  in.  This  can  be  done 
when  preparing  the  land  for  the  crop. 

7.  If  the  stock  making  the  manure  is  well  fed  stock 
it  should  pay  to  haul  it  that  distance  and  pay  30  cents 
per  load  for  it  though  we  should  prefer  to  have  it 
without  the  sawdust.  There  is  no  value  in  the  saw- 
dust except  in  so  far  as  it  may  help  to  lighten  a  piece 
of  heavv  land. — En. 


Corn  on  Wire  Grass  Land, 

Please  publish  the  best  way  to  work  corn  on  sandy 
wire  grass  land.  .  .      A.  T.  Bbooke. 

Essex  county,  Va. 

Corn  and  wire  grass  will  not  grow  successfully  to- 
gether. Land  infested  with  wire  grass  should  bo 
cleared  of  this  before  planting  in  corn.  The  way  to 
clear  it  is  to  shade  it  densely.  This  may  be  done  with 
a  crop  of  peas  or  with  com  planted  thickly  for  fod- 
der or  with  sorghum  planted  for  a  forage  crop.  Peas 
are  the  best  as  they  will  improve  the  land  at  the  same 
time  as  they  are  killing  out  the  grass.  The  peas  should 
have  a  good  dressing  of  acid  phosphate  given  them, 
say  300  or  400  pounds  to  the  acre,  to  insure  a  heavy 
crop.  Wire  grass  must  have  sun  or  it  will  not  grow. 
We  once  saw  a  field  with  one  of  the  heaviest  wire  grass 
pods  on  it  cleaned  almost  entirely  of  it  in  one  year 
with  a  heavy  crop  of  corn  grown  for  fodder.     The 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKF  PLANTEE. 


755 


year  following  only  a  small  patch  here  and  there 
where  the  corn  had  been  thin  made  an  attempt  to  grow 
and  these  were  dug  out  and  a  perfectly  clean  field  was 
the  result.  It  then  grew  a  fine  crop  of  com.  If  the 
land  is  not  rich  give  the  corn  some  acid  phosphate, 
say  300  or  400  pounds  to  the  acre,  to  ensure  a  good 
growth.  It  is  folly  to  try  to  grow  corn  for  the  grain 
and  wire  grass  together.  It  cannot  be  done.  The  wire 
grass  will  beat  the  corn  every  time. — En. 


Farm  Management, 

About  six  years  ago  I  took  charge  of  this  place, 
which  belongs  to  a  gentleman  from  New  York.  He 
has  been  coming  here  about  four  months  in  the  year, 
but  now  his  boys  are  going  to  school  and  he  will  not  be 
able  to  come  down  for  so  long  and  conseqiiently  asks 
me  to  reduce  expenses.  When  I  took  charge  of  this 
place  it  was  like  many  places  in  the  South,  run  down 
by  continually  planting  corn.  I  have  brought  it  up 
with  the  help  of  your  valuable  paper  to  bring  about 
5  to  6  baJrels  of  corn  to  the  acre  where  it  brought 
2  to  3  before.  I  have  also  raised  all  the  hay  to  keep 
six  head  of  cattle  and  four  of  horses,  and  will  be  able 
to  sell  10  to  12  tons  of  hay  in  addition.  How  can  60 
acres  of  land  be  made  to  pay  when  I  have  to  drive  five 
miles  to  a  depot  and  25  miles  to  the  nearest  town  and 
with  no  opportunity  to  get  a  separator  if  I  should 
raise  grain.  Would  it  pay  to  buy  a  separator  and 
reaper  ? 

What  are  the  rules  in  taking  a  farm  on  shares  ? 

Stafford  county,  Va.  A  Subscriber. 

We  do  not  think  that  you  would  do  wisely  to  buy 
a  separator  and  reaper  for  such  a  crop  of  small  grain 
as  you  could  raise  on  a  60  acre  farm  after  setting 
apart  the  land  you  would  put  in  corn,  hay  and  pas- 
ture. It  would  seem  to  us  that  the  best  course  for  you 
to  follow  would  be  to  make  the  place  into  a  dairy 
farm.  You  are  on  the  main  line  to  Washington  City 
and  not  too  far  from  it  to  ship  your  dairy  products 
there,  where  there  is  an  unlimited  market  for  these 
products  when  made  of  fine  quality.  Make  butter  or 
ship  cream  and  use  the  skim  milk  to  raise  calves  and 
hogs  for  veal  and  pork.  Mr.  Sandy,  whose  farm  we 
described  in  the  last  issue,  is  much  further  from  this 
market  than  you  are  from  Washington  and  he  has 
made  a  success  by  the  adoption  of  this  course. 

The  terms  of  renting  on  shares  vary  in  different 
sections.  Here  it  is  the  custom  very  generally  to  pay 
one-third  but  often  other  arrangements  are  made,  de- 
pendent upon  the  help  given  by  the  owner  of  the  farm 
in  developing  and  improving  it. — Ed. 


Barren  Corn  Stalks, 

Last  year  I  planted  a  field  of  peanuts  on  which  T 


used  acid  phosphate,  after  digging  the  peas  I  sowed 
the  land  in  rye  for  a  fallow.  This  spring  I  plowed 
the  rye  under,  planted  the  field  in  corn,  which  grew 
large,  healthy  looking  stalks,  but  not  more  than  two- 
thirds  of  the  stalks  eared.  Can  you  tell  me  why  the 
stalks  failed  to  ear  ?  J.  Eopee  Johnson. 

Dinwiddle  county,  Va. 

A  prolific  source  of  so  many  barren  stalks  of  com 
in  our  corn  fields  is  the  permitting  of  these  barren 
stalks  to  tassel  and  pollenize  the  other  corn.  Every 
barren  stalk  should  be  cut  out  before  it  tassels  or  the 
tassel  be  cut  off  before  it  opens.  There  can  be  no 
doubt  but  that  the  principle  of  "like  producing  like" 
obtains  in  the  vegetable  kingdom  as  well  as  in  the  ani- 
mal. A  great  addition  could  be  made  to  our  corn  crop 
every  year  if  only  the  practise  of  cutting  out  barren 
stalks  was  carefully  followed  every  year  all  over  the 
State. — Ed. 


White  Pine, 

Will  you  kindly  tell  me  through  The  Planter, 
something  about  the  pruning  and  care  of  white  pines  ? 

Here,  in  exhausted  and  worn  out  fields  the  pine 
grows  luxuriantly  and  were  it  not  for  knots,  makes  a 
beautiful  and  useful  lumber.  They  come  from  seed 
only,  and  often  a  thousand  will  cluster  about  a  sin- 
gle parent  tree.  Can  we  not  prune  these  young  pines 
and  grow  a  forest,  free  from  limbs  and  knots  ?  What 
season  is  most  favorable  for  this  work  ? 

One  dead  pine  infested  with  a  certain  worm  some- 
times proves  disastrous  to  the  entire  surroundings  and 
I  am  told  that  it  is  only  at  certain  seasons  that  cut- 
ting or  pruning  endangers  the  pine.  Any  informa- 
tion will  be  appreciated.  Kufus  T.  Cox. 

Carroll  county,  Va. 

We  referred  the  foregoing  enquiry  to  the  Forestry 
Bureaii  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and  have 
been  favored  with  the  following  reply : 

Replying  to  your  letter  of  November  12,  which  ha« 
been  referred  to  me  for  attention,  I  beg  to  say  that  the 
only  recent  literature  available  in  regard  to  the  care 
of  planted  white  pine  is  contained  in  an  article  pub- 
lished in  Forestry  and  Irrigation  in  July,  1902.  By 
applying  to  Mr.  H.  M.  Suter,  Editor,  Atlantic  Build- 
ing, Washington,  D.  C,  you  can  secure  a  copy  of  this 
journal.  Excellent  illustrations  point  out  the  various 
advantages  of  artificial  trimming  and  other  treatment 
for  such  planted  groves. 

As  a  rule  white  pine  and  other  eastern  conifers  can 
be  safely  pruned  from  March  to  April  inclusive.  This 
spring  pruning  is  advisable  since  shortly  afterward 
the  spring  growth  of  wood  begins  and  if  the  pruning 
is  properly  done  the  wounds  are  likely  to  be  healed 
over  that  season. 


756 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


[Deoeinl)ei' 


The  Bureau  of  Forestry  will  shortly  publish  an  ex- 
haustive bulletin  embodying  the  results  of  a  careful 
study  of  planted  white  pine.  In  this  report  will  be 
included  a  chapter  on  the  insect  which  ha.s  become 
so  destructive  of  this  species  in  planted  groves.  So 
far  as  we  know  now  the  insect  does  not  enter  the  tree 
through  wounds  made  by  trimming.  It  appears  to 
attack  the  tender  leader  and  other  similar  portions  of 
the  tree.  As  soon  as  this  bulletin  becomes  available, 
you  will  receive  a  copy  of  it  and  we  believe  its  con- 
tents will  be  of  great  interest  to  your  readers. 
Very  truly  yours, 

Geo.  B.  Sudworth,  Chief. 


Broomsedge— Red  Jersey  Hogs, 

Would  like  to  get  some  practical  plan  to  eradicate 
broomsedge.  It  takes  all  vacant  land  here  from  new- 
ly cleared  new  ground  to  old  iields.  I  have  pasture 
sod  of  different  grasses — sowed  two  and  three  years 
ago — good  rich,  fresh  land,  too,  that  is  rapidly  suc- 
cumbing to  the  broomsedge.  Nothing  but  cultivation 
will  check  it.  One  does  not  feel  like  biiying  exjjen- 
sive  grass  seeds  and  building  fences  for  pasturces 
when  one  has  nothing  but  broomsedge  in  the  pasture 
in  a  short  time. 

A  friend  in  Iowa  has  sent  me  a  pair  of  Red  Jersey 
pigs.  Neighbors  wish  me  to  keep  for  breeders,  but  I 
am  partial  to  Berkshire  or  Poland  Chinas.  Are  the 
Jerseys  considered  a  good  breed  ?  What  are  their 
general  characteristics  '^  H.  D.  Lindsay. 

Surry  county,  N.  C. 

If  you  could  only  persuade  your  neighbours  to  join 
with  you  in  getting  rid  of  broomsedge  you  would  soon 
be  rid  of  it  as  it  only  comes  from  seed  and  this  is  eas- 
ily pi'evented  comriig  on  the  plants  on  your  own  land 
by  running  tlie  mower  over  the  pastures  before  the 
seed  ripens.  The  difficulty  is  that  your  neighbors  al- 
low their  broomsedge  to  seed  and  then  this  seed,  like 
thistle  seed,  flies  all  over  the  country  and  seeds  itself 
on  every  man's  land.  If,  however,  you  get  a  good 
sod  on  your  land  of  the  better  grasses  this  will  largely 
prevent  the  broomsedge  from  getting  hold.  We  know 
of  no  way  to  eradicate  it  but  cultivation,  thoiigh  close 
pasturing  will  tend  largely  to  prevent  it  spreading  and 
becoming  troublesome. 

3.  The  Red  Jersey  hogs  are  very  popular  out  in  the 
West.  It  is  claimed  that  they  make  a  better  bacon 
hog  tlian  the  Poland  Chinas  or  than  the  Berkshires 
when  corn  fed.  They  make  more  lean  meat.  There 
is  a  much  larger  demand  for  them  in  the  East  now 
than  there  was  a  few  years  ago.  Ojie  breeder  who  ad- 
vertises them  with  us  says  that  he  cannot  supply  the 
demand  he  has  for  pigs,  although  he  keeps  a  numl^r 
of  sows.     Give  them  a  trial.     Thev  should  do  well 


with  you,  though  like  you,  we  think  nothing  can  beat 
a  Berkshire  for  an  all-round  useful  hog. — Ed. 

Keeping  Sausage  Meat, 

We  have  had  a  great  number  of  replies  to  "An  r.;i- 
quirer"  as  to  keeping  sausage  meat,  etc.  We  select 
the  following  from  those  sent  in  as  being  sufficient  to 
meet  the  request : 

Replying  to  "An  Enquirer''  in  the  November  issue 
of  TriE  Pr..v\-TER:  Have  your  sausage  meat  clean 
without  washing — water  left  in  it  causes  mould — 
season,  then  mill  it,  and  at  once,  while  soft  from  the 
mill,  pack  closely,  leaving  no  crevices  or  air  pockets. 
Pack  in  stone  vessels,  if  for  winter  use — pack  smooth- 
ly and  evenly  full,  and  paste  over  the  top  a  skin  from 
the  side  or  leaf  fat,  having  first  dipped  the  skin  in 
warm  water  and  stretched  it  until  soft  and  elastic ;  or 
if  the  skins  are  not  at  hand,  leave  a  space  for  an  inch 
of  warm  lard  to  be  poured  over  your  sausage,  which 
also  makes  it  air-tight. 

To  keep  through  the  summer  you  must  pack  in 
small  sacks  and  hang  up  to  cure  and  dry,  the  same  as 
your  liams.  I  use  new,  rather  thin  brown  cotton,  10 
inches  long.  12  or  14  inches  in  circumference  when 
full.  Then  paste  tightly  around  each  roll,  over  the 
cotton  sack,  a  skin  from  the  side  lard,  treated  as  above. 
This  prevents  too  gi-eat  evaporation,  whereby  much 
of  the  outside  would  be  hard  and  unfit  for  use. 

The  bladders  from  your  porkers  well  cleaned, 
turned  inside  out,  and  blown  up  to  their  full  size,  keep 
sausage  perfectly.  Pack  tight,  tie  the  mouth  and 
liang  uji  to  cure.  Then  in  February  or  by  March  1st 
dro]>  them  in  thick  strong  cotton  sacks,  to  keep  off  in- 
sects, and  hang  high  until  wanted  for  use. 

This  same  thick  cotton — a  heavy  closely  woven  un- 
bleached domestic,  will  keep  insects  from  your  hams. 
Trim  the  hams  smooth  so  the  sack  will  fit  without  air 
spaces,  sew  them  on  with  close  stitches,  leaving  no 
holes,  sew  a  loop  to  OTie  end,  hang  high  and  dry,  before 
the  1st  of  T\rarch. 

For  twenty  years, 

UiisspII  County,  Va.  A  Reader. 

Replying  to  Enquirer  in  last  issue  about  keeping 
sausage:  The  only  successful  plan  we  have  ever  pur- 
sued is  to  ])ut  sausage  up  in  the  casing,  then  hang  up. 
Smoke  it  several  weeks  until  thoroughly  cured,  and 
then  put  away  in  sacks  or  in  a  dark  cool  place.  It  can 
be  kept  indefinitely  this  way  and  is  really  more  deli- 
cious than  when  fresh.  By  "casing"  I  mean  the  small 
intestines  which,  of  course,  have  to  be  thoroughly 
scraped  and  cleaned.  This  requires  much  care  asd 
some  experience  but  is  well  worth  the  trouble.      .\n 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


757 


ordinary  grinder,  with  stuffer  attached,  is  all  that  is 
necessary.  Care  should  be  used  in  stuffing  to  not  tear 
the  casing  and  also  use  a  needle  to  puncture  the  air 
accumulations.  H.  D.  Linbsay. 

Surry  Couvty,  Va. 

■'An  Enquirer''  from  Pittsylvania  county,  Va., 
wants  to  know  a  method  of  keeping  sausage  fresh  until 
spring.  Make  a  sack  of  the  best  and  closely  woven 
cotton  goods,  three  inches  wide  when  smoothed  out 
( i.  e.,  cloth  over  six  inches  liefore  doubling  and  sew- 
ing) about  thirty  inches  or  more  long  to  suit  taste  and 
cloth ;  soak  well  in  strong  brine,  stuff  the  sausage  into 
the  sack  with  an  Enterprise  stuffer,  stuff  so  tight  that 
the  lard  will  come  through  the  cloth  and  look  like 
frost.  Tie  the  end  close  to  the  sausage  and  hang  in  a 
dry  cold  place.  A  Friend. 

Wythe  County,  Va. 

Tn  answer  to  the  enquiry  as  to  keeping  sausage  T 
send  a.  receipt  which  I  use  and  find  the  moat  kee]is 
perfectly  as  long  as  required. 

To  20  pounds  of  sausage  meat  add  fi  tablespoonsful 
of  salt,  3  tablespoonsful  jiepper,  and  1  tablespoon  of 
red  i^epper  if  preferred.  ^lix  tliorouf/lih/  and  jiack 
well  in  stone  jars  and  cover  with  hot  lard,  about  one 
inch  deep.    Keep  in  a  cool  place. 

T  generally  pack  in  one  gallon  jars,  as  after  they  are 
once  opened  the  meat  will  not  keej')  long  exposed  to 
the  air.  ^Irs.  Dk.  Hat.se^'. 

Foiiquier  County.  Vn. 

T  grind  nice  lean  fresh  hog  meat  in  the  sausage 
mill.  To  every  eight  pounds  of  this  ground  meat  I 
use  .'>  tablespoons  of  salt,  4  tablespoons  of  sage.  2  table- 
spoons of  black  pepper,  5  tablespoon  of  cayenne  pep- 
per. T  mix  this  thoroughly  and  grind  the  second  time 
in  sausage  mill. 

The  day  after  grinding  it  T  make  it  into  cakes  and 
fry  it  as  for  eating.  I  pack  these  cakes  in  stone  jars 
without  crowding,* leaving  about  an  inch  at  the  top. 
The  next  day  T  melt  lard  and  pour  over  it,  com])letely 
covering  the  sausage.  This  will  keep  all  the  year  per- 
fei-tly  fresh.  Mrs.  Slade. 

To  keep  sausage  fresh  for  spring  and  summer  use, 
prepai-e  it  as  for  table  use.  that  is.  make  it  in  small 
cakes  and  fry  it  nicely  in  plenty  of  fresh  lard.  Put 
the  cakes  as  fried  into  crocks  and  each  time  pour  the 
lard  over  the  sausage  that  von  fried  it  in.  and  when 
your  crocks  are  packed  full  of  sausage,  let  stand  till 
cold,  then  if  any  of  the  sausage  is  not  covered  with  the 
lard,  put  cold  lard  enough  to  thoroughly  cover.  Then 
tie  a  cloth  over  crocks  and  put  a  wooden  lid  on.  and  set 


aside  to  use  in  spring  and  summer.      Sausage  put  up 

in  this  way  will  keep  fresh  till  September  following. 

Greene  County,  Tenn.  L.  E.  Ottinger. 

Curing  Hams^ 

For  the  benefit  of  "Enquirer,"  Pittsylvania  coun- 
ty, Va,,  I  give  recipe  for  curing  hams. 

Salt  down  the  pork  for  about  two  weeks,  take  up 
and  resalt,  with  one  teaspoonful  of  saltpetre  to  each 
ham,  and  three  pounds  of  brown  sugar  to  each  hun- 
dred pounds ;  pack  down  for  two  weeks  more :  take  up 
and  wash  hams  in  warm  water  and  piit  them  in  clean 
sacks  of  coarse,  white  cloth,  which  have  been  steeped 
in  a  solution  of  lime ;  hang  and  smoke  for  about  three 
weeks,  and  they  can  then  be  left  hanging  the  entire 
season.  I  can  assure  you  no  insects  will  molest  them 
if  thus  prepared.  Geo.  H.  C.  Wiei.iams. 

Washington.  J).  C. 


Cotton  Opening — Draining  Land— Feeding  Pump- 
kins. 

I  would  like  to  ask  your  advice,  or  opinion  con- 
cei-ning  cotton  bolls  on  heavy  river  land  caught  by  the 
recent  frost,  as  to  whether  you  think  they  will  open.  I 
have  noticed  by  opening  some  of  the  hard  bolls,  that 
while  the  lint  is  dry  the  seed  are  not  wholly  made, 
lieing  very  soft.  T  have  over  fifty  acres  of  such  land 
in  cotton  and  have  only  picked  out  14  bales,  while  the 
stalks  are  in  most  parts  yet  covered  with  bolls. 

2.  Please  give  best  idea  of  draining  land,  where  it 
is  perfectly  flat,  and  inclosed  by  dykes.  Would  you 
suggest  making  a  basin  and  using  "centrifugal 
pumps.'"  and  forcing  the  water  over  the  dykes ;  if  so, 
what  size  pump  ?  And  the  cost  of  said  pump  ?  There 
is  in  this  tract  of  land  about  450  acres. 

3.  Ts  there  any  truth  in  the  saying  that  feeding 
milch  cows  on  pumpkins  will  cause  them  to  go  dry  ? 

Kershaw  county,  S.  C.  B.  H.  Batjm. 

1.  Tf  the  weather  keeps  dry  it  is  probable  that  a 
considerable  proportion  of  the  bolls  will  yet  open. 

2.  The  problem  of  draining  such  a  flat  as  you  de- 
scribe is  one  for  an  hydraulic  engineer.  We  have 
known  one  such  flat  on  the  James  river  drained  by 
the  use  of  a  pump  run  by  a  windmill.  Tn  England 
in  the  Fen  district  syphons  are  largely  used  for  this 
purpose.  We  would  suggest  that  you  write  The  Syd- 
nor  Pump  and  Well  Company,  of  this  city,  on  the 
subject.  They  have  had  ex]>erience  with  such  prob- 
lems.— Ed. 


Cabbage  Growing— Canada  Peas. 

1.  In  the  October  number  you  advise  sowing  phos- 
phate on  cabbage  this  fall.  Would  you  broadcast  this 
or  put  it  in  drill  ? 


758 


THE  SOUTHERN"  PLANTER. 


[December 


2.  What  do  you  think  of  drilling  stable  manure 
along  the  cabbage  rows  after  they  are  set  ?  Would  this 
be  as  good  as  commercial  fertilizer  ? 

3.  I  also  have  a  piece  of  land  I  intend  to  set  cab- 
bage in  next  spring.  Would  you  plow  this  land  this 
fall  or  let  lie  until  next  spring?  If  plowed  this  fall 
would  it  be  a  good  plan  to  sow  rye  or  leave  it  bare  all 
winter  ?  I  expect  to  manure  it  over  this  winter  with 
stable  manure  and  it  will  have  to  be  plowed  some  time 
in  March. 

4.  Would  you  sow  Canada  peas  before  or  after 
Christmas  ?     Would  like  to  sow  oats  with  them. 

Hexrico  Subscribeh. 

1.  If  you  apply  more  than  500  pounds  to  the  acre 
put  it  on  broadcast.  If  less  than  this  amoimt  apply 
in  the  drill  mixing  it  well  with  the  soil. 

2.  We  would  prefer  to  apply  the  manure  in  the 
drill  covering  it  before  setting  the  plants.  If,  how- 
ever, it  is  not  convenient  to  do  this  from  the  fact  of 
the  manure  not  then  being  available  then  a  top  dress- 
ing later  would  no  doubt  help  them.  If  plenty  of 
manure  is  available  you  can  do  without  commercial 
fertilizer,  but  as  cabbages  call  for  a  large  quantity  of 
potash  and  phosphoric  acid,  in  which  elements  farm 
yard  manure  is  always  lacking,  a  dressing  of  these 
two  j)l£int  foods  along  with  the  manure  will  be  an  ad- 
vantage. 

3.  We  would  plow  the  land  now  but  it  is  too  late 
to  sow  rye  to  get  much  growth  from  it  before  time  to 
set  the  cabbages  in  the  spring.  Apply  the  manure  on 
the  plowed  land  and  then  cross  plow  to  cover  the 
manure  or  work  in  with  the  cultivator. 

4.  In  this  issue  you  will  find  advice  as  to  sowing 
Canada  peas  and  oats. — Ed. 


Protectini  Cabbage  Plants— Manuring  for  Cab- 
bages. 

1.  Would  it  be  well  to  cover  cabbage  plants  with 
hay  or  straw  laid  on  the  plants  or  to  p\it  poles  over 
them  and  lay  the  hay  on  the  top  of  the  poles  ? 

2.  Is  it  better  to  put  manure  for  cabbages  on  broad- 
cast or  apply  it  in  the  drill  ?  W.  W.  Wetister. 

Binwiddie  covnty,  Va. 

1.  A  very  slight  protection  is  usually  sufficient  for 
cabbage  plants  in  this  section.  Pine  branches  placed 
around  the  bed  and  in  the  bed  amongst  the  plants  is 
usually  sufficient.  If  the  weather  comes  very  severe 
some  hay  spread  lightly  over  the  branches  would  af- 
ford ample  protection.  Do  not  put  the  bay  directly 
on  the  plants  as  it  would  lay  too  close  and  cause  them 
to  rot. 

2.  This  depends  on  the  quantity  to  be  used.  If  a 
heavy  dressing  is  available,  sufficient  to  cover  the 
whole  plot  thickly,  apply  broadcast.   If  the  quantity  is 


smaller  than  is  sufficient  for  this  purpose  apply  in  the 
drill.— Ed. 


Stencil  Ink. 

Will  you  give  me  through  your  coltunns  a  good  re- 
ceipt for  making  stencil  ink  to  use  with  a  brush  for 
brass  stencils,  something  that  will  stand  weather  and 
not  rub  ?    Is  it  possible  to  make  a  white  stencil  ink  ? 

X.  Y.  Z. 

We  regret  that  we  are  unable  to  comply  with  this 
request.  We  know  nothing  of  making  inks.  Inks  of 
every  color  for  stencils  can  be  hand  from  The  South- 
ern Stamp  and  Stationery  Company,  Richmond, 
Va.— Ed. 


Drain  Tiles. 

Will  you  let  me  know  the  address  of  some  one  from 
whom  I  could  get  drain  tile  ?  I  would  rather  deal 
directly  with  the  manufacturer. 

Jas.  T.  Gabrow. 

Warwick  Co.,  Va. 

The  Powiatan  Clay  itanufacturing  Company, 
Richmond,  Va.,  make  drain  tiles. — Ed. 


APPLES  WANTED  ABROAD. 

Some  time  ago  we  called  attention  to  the  short 
apple  crop  of  Europe,  suggesting  that  there  would  be 
a  good  outlet  for  American  apples  on  the  other  side 
this  fall  and  winter.  Late  advices  have  shown  that 
this  view  was  correct.  Shipments  of  apples  have 
been  very  heavy  of  late,  but  the  demand  for  them  is 
so  large  that  prices  are  well  maintained.  At  Ham- 
burg last  week  American  apples  brought  from  $2.66 
to  $5.56  per  barrel,  choice  Kings  topping  the  list.  .\t 
London  the  range  was  from  $2.14  to  $4.84,  with 
prime  Greenings  at  the  top;  and  at  Liverpool  from 
$2.42  to  $5.20,  Albermarle  pippins  at  the  outside 
price.  With  such  a  foreign  market  and  a  crop  not 
any  too  large  apple  growers  should  realize  good  re- 
turns from  the  orchards  which  have  produced  fruit 
this  vear. 


An  old  broom  is  useful  in  the  stable  to  clean  the 
thickest  mud  from  the  horses'  legs.  Finish  up  with 
a  coarse  cloth  or  a  handful  of  clean  straw. 


When  corresponding  with  adrertisers,  kindly  men- 
tion the  Southern  Plmnter. 


1908.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTEK. 


759 


Trucking,  Garden  and  Orchard. 


WORK  FOR  THE  MONTH. 

The  planting  of  cabbage  a^i  1  lettuce  crops  in  the 
trucking  sections  of  the  State  has  proceeded  with  very 
little  interruption  from  bad  weather  smd  the  plants 
set  out  have  been  able  to  make  a  stare  quite  sufficient 
for  the  time  of  the  year.  This  work  may  still  pro- 
ceed until  we  have  severe  weather  but  provision 
should  be  made  for  protecting  the  lettuce  plants  in 
case  of  severe  weather  by  mxilching  and  by  shading 
with  pine  boughs  on  the  north  and  east  sides  of  the 
beds.  Young  lettiice  plants  intended  for  setting  out 
in  early  spring  should  also  have  protection  given  in 
case  of  hard  weather,  but  so  long  as  the  weather  keeps 
mild  leave  them  exposed,  as  protecting  them  in  such 
weather  only  makes  them  more  susceptible  to  the  hard 
weather.  Lettuce  set  out  in  cold  frames  should  have 
the  lights  off  during  the  day  in  all  mild  weather.  They 
require  all  the  air  possible  until  cold  weather  sets  in. 
When  really  severe  weather  may  be  expected  mats  or 
straw  should  be  kept  handy  to  put  over  the  lights.  x\s 
the  plants  are  cut  for  the  table  or  for  market  new 
plants  should  be  set  out  in  the  places  thus  keeping  the 
beds  full.     . 


The  pruning  and  cleaning  up  of  the  orchard  and 
small  fruit  plantations  should  receive  attention.  Burn 
all  prunings  and  trash  and  thus  destroy  insects  and 
fungoid  spores. 


Strawberries  may  still  be  set  out  though  it  is  ques- 
tionable whether  it  is  not  better  to  defer  planting  until 
spring  when  the  work  has  been  so  long  delayed. 
Wherever  plants  are  now  set  out  they  should  be 
mulched  with  pine  tags  or  short  straw  to  prevent  heav- 
ing of  the  plants  by  frost. 


Tn  Tidewater  and  Middle  Virginia  and  Eastern 
Xorth  Carolina  Irish  potatoes  may  be  set  for  a  very 
early  crop.  We  have  had  very  satisfactory  reports 
from  a  number  of  subscribers  who  have  tried  this  De- 
cember planting.  Special  care,  however,  must  be 
taken  in  planting.  The  land  .should  be  deeply  plowed 
and  finely  broken  and  the  rows  be  then  opened  very 
deep  by  numing  the  plow  twice  in  each  row,  and  the 
land  should  be  a  dry  sandy  loam.  Apply  a  good  po- 
tato fertilizer  in  the  rows  tnd  mix  with  the  soil.  Then 
drop  the  sets  which  should  be  uncut  and  of  medium 
size  at  the  usual  distance  apart  and  cover  lightly  with 
soil.     On  top  of  the  soil  a  good  covering  of  farm  yard 


mamire  should  be  spread  and  on  this  plow  a  furrow 
from  each  side,  thus  making  a  ridge  over  the  set.  This 
ridge  should  be  harrowed  do^vn  in  the  early  spring. 
If  the  plants  should  show  signs  of  coming  through  the 
soil  before  danger  of  frost  is  past  plow  a  light  fur- 
row on  to  them. 


A  NEW  ENGLAND  FARMING  COMMUNITY. 


A  Connecticut  Orchard. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

While  at  the  American  Pomological  Society  meet- 
ing at  Boston  I  was  invited  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Hale,  the 
newly  elected  President,  to  visit  him  at  bis  home.  I 
accepted  with  pleasure  for  Mr.  Hale  is  the  greatest 
peach  grower  in  the  world  and  a  recognized  authority 
on  peaches  and  I  knew  it  afforded  me  a  fine  oppor- 
tunity to  learn.  Mr.  Hale  is  a  man  of  unusual  parts, 
his  mind  is  of  broad  and  comprehensive  grasp,  quick 
and  unerring  in  jiidgment;  as  a  speaker  he  is  strong 
and  forcible  with  a  full  appreciation  of  what  is  hvim- 
orous;  in  business  affairs  he  is  energetic,  practical, 
and  with  great  faith  which  is  productive  of  great 
works.  His  orchards  at  South  Glastonbury,  Ct., 
number  over  .50,000  bearing  trees  while  his  orchard 
in  Georgia  is  up  in  the  hundreds  of  thousands,  his 
force  of  hands  between  five  and  six  himdred  and  his 
shipments  of  fruit  go  out  by  the  car  loads,  and  train 
loads.  Like  most  men  who  have  attempted  great 
things  ]\Ir.  Hale  has  been  subject  to  much  criticism. 
To  grow  fruit  on  the  abandoned  farms  of  Connecticut 
or  the  cotton  fields  of  Georgia  was  pronounced  ab- 
surd, his  methods  were  condemned  and  his  failure  was 
freely  predicted.  But  with  pluck,  tireless  energy  and 
administrative  ability  of  the  highest  order  Mr.  Hale 
kept  on  and  to-day  he  has  one  of  the  beet  organized 
and  most  successful  agrieiiltural  enterprises  in  the 
Fnited  States. 

At  Hartford  we  left  the  IST.  Y.,  N.  H.  fr  H.  R.  R. 
and  took  a  trolley  running  in  full  view  of  the  State 
House,  crowning  a  hill  jn  a  splendid  park.  It  has  an 
umisual  history  for  a  public  building.  Three  million 
dollars  were  put  at  the  disposal  of  six  citizens,  three 
Democrats  and  three  Republicans.  They  had  the 
building  completed  in  the  very  beet  manner  and  not 
only  had  no  deficit  but  returned  over  $70,000  to  the 
treasury. 

The  trolley  line  runs  through  an  unique  agricultii- 


760 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[December 


ral  cominiuiity:  for  tifty  miles  it  extends  along  a 
l)ro:id  highway,  shaded  bv  handsome  elms  and  sngar 
maples,  with  fanners'  honses  bnilt  np  on  either  side 
like  a  continnous  street.  AImjiU  every  -li  miles  is  a 
school  honse,  church,  store,  post-oftiee  and  black- 
smith's shop.  Thus  the  farmers  have  the  social  ad- 
vantages and  conveniences  of  city  life.  The  political 
system  is  a  most  admirably  democratic  one.  The 
country  is  divided  into  tovi-nships,  governed  by  a 
Iward  selected  by  the  i)eo])le,  who  levy  their  own  ta.xes 
and  whose  treasurer  once  a  year  settles  with  the  board 
anil  with  a  "town  meeting."  Ten  days  before  the  set- 
tlement his  accounts  are  imblished  in  ])amphlet  form, 
showing  every  item  of  disbursement  fully  and  this  is 
put  in  the  hands  of  the  people  themselves.  There  are 
often  several  hundred  people  present  at  these  "'town 
meetings"  and  they  are  fully  informed  about  their 
affairs  and  moneys. 

^Ir.  Hale's  home  is  an  ideal  farmer's  home,  a  iiroad 
veranda,  ornamented  with  running  vines,  a  fountain, 
graceful  walks  with  brilliant  flowers  artistically 
grouped,  so  as  not  to  break  tip,  but  to  heighten  the 
effect  of  the  lawn.  The  house  was  built  in  seventeen 
hundred  and  something  out  of  virgin  oak  and  wnmgbt 
nails  by  Mr.  Hale's  great-grandfather. 

Back  of  the  house  is  a  handsome  flower  ganlen, 
where  colors  are  massed  together  with  fine  effect,  and 
Ix'hind  this  a  vegetable  garden,  and  fields  of  strawlier- 
ries  for  plants,  and  countless  young  trees  in  the  nur- 
sery for  orchards  yet  to  come.  T'tility  is  combined 
with  ornamf>nt.  ])roducing  a  ha])))y  efl'ect  and  sugges- 
ting some  valuable  lessons  for  us  in  Old  Virginia. 
One  thing  T  learned  in  growing  tomatoes  which  may 
be  of  value  to  others.  The  ]ilant  is  ])rnned  to  two 
branches  and  these  are  trained  by  tying  to  a  ])ole  until 
they  are  six  feet  high,  all  branches  are  ]irnned  off  e.\- 
(re])t  at  the  top  where  a  tuft  is  allowed  to  grow  and 
only  the  fruit  blossoms  are  left  below  it.  This  brings 
tomatoes  two  or  three  weeks  earlier  than  the  old  way 
and  masses  the  fruit  on  the  two  stems  for  three  or 
four  feet.  The  plant*  are  set  deep  in  the  ground  and 
hilled  up  as  they  grow,  cultivation  being  clean.  Tliis 
method  raised  the  tomatoes  which  took  the  medals  of 
France,  Spain  and  Italy.  The  peach  orchards  show  a 
master  hand,  and  tJie  dark  green  foliage,  fine  gn iwth 
of  new  wood — the  fruit  w<x)d — wide  open  branches 
extending  from  tree  to  tree,  tell  the  story  of  good  care, 
^fr.  Hale  believes  in  clean  cultivation  and  goes  over 
his  bearing  trees  ten  or  twelve  times  a  season.  This 
year,  in  trees  that  were  caught  by  the  freeze,  he  culti- 
vated once  and  sowed  crimson  clover  and  now  the 
ground  is  covered    with    clover    and  the    usual  fall 


growth.  The  effect  has  been  splendid  on  the  trees,  and 
a  part  of  the  orchard,  cultivated  once,  shows  a  decided 
improvement  over  a  part  where  there  was  no  cultiva- 
tii»n  and  where  the  clover  was  mowed  and  left  as  a 
ninlch.  ^Ir.  Hale  is  satisfied  that  no  treatment  will 
e<|nal  cultivation.  A  large  block  of  trees  which  were 
growing  vip  too  high  were  cut  back,  the  top  taken  out 
of  them  and  now  they  are  full  of  a  vigorous  growth 
of  new  wcHid  and  much  lower.  The  l>est  system  is  the 
l)road  flat  tree  headed  low  and  kept  low  by  cutting 
iiack.  ^Ir.  Hale  tells  me  that  in  his  Georgia  orchards 
about  half  the  fruit  can  be  jiicked  while  sitting  on  the 
ground,  and  none  of  his  trees  are  allowed  to  gi'ow  high. 
The  disc  harrow,  and  spring  tooth  harrow,  gang  plow 
with  three  ])lows,  each  about  the  size  of  a  one-horse 
])low,  are  the  tools  princijially  used.  ^Ir.  Hale  is 
cleaning  up  new  ground  and  planting  it  out,  some  of 
it  being  grubbed  clean  and  some  of  it  with  the  stumps 
left  in  the  ground. 

There  was  one  thing  it  did  me  good  to  hear  ^Ir. 
Hale  say:  "I'm  not  afraid  of  the  San  Jose  Scale  any 
more.'"  Last  year  it  broke  out  in  the  old  bearing 
l)each  orchard  and  Mr.  Hale  killed  it  last  winter  with 
the  ( 'alifornia  wash,  salt,  sulphur  and  lime.  He  says 
it  can  be  relied  on  to  do  the  work  and  though  his  cli- 
tiiate  has  a  greater  rainfall  than  (mrs  it  was  found 
entirelv  satisfactory.  Winter  is  the  season  to  use  it 
and  we  should  all  in  the  next  few  months  give  our 
orchards  a  good  dose  of  it.  It  kills  other  pests  besides 
the  scale  and  is  good  for  the  tree.  T  notice  that  a  re- 
cent bulletin  of  the  Geneva  ("N.  Y.)  Experiment  Sta- 
tion states  that  a  mixture  of  lye  in  the  California 
wash  does  away  with  the  necessity  of  boiling  it.  a 
gi'eat  thing  for  us  if  it  has  l)een  fully  proved. 

From  an  observatory  we  looked  down  the  hillside 
over  a  forest  of  peach  trees  and  ndling  ground  to  the 
waters  of  the  broad  and  beautiful  Connecticut  river, 
which  comes  like  3  silver  band  throiigh  emerald  fields 
from  Hartford,  seven  miles  away.  The  great  city 
«]iread  out  with  lofty  spire  and  shining  dome  before 
us,  the  broken  line  of  hills  beyond  the  river,  the  white 
steamboats  coming  and  going,  all  in  the  mellow  sun- 
shine of  a  Sei^tember  evening  formed  a  picttire  of  sur- 
jiassing  beauty,  that  will  always  come  to  memory's 
call  at  the  sound  of  the  name  "Connecticut. "  Gone 
forever  is  the  thought  of  wooden  hams  and  nutmegs 
and  instead  ri*e  u]i  with  pleasing  grace,  peaches,  royal 
in  beauty  and  rich  in  flavor,  views  of  picturesque  love 
liness  and  an  openhearted  hospitality  which  would 
have  done  credit  to  Old  Virginia  in  her  palmiest 
days.  Sam't,  B.  Woods. 

Albemarle  county.  Ta. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


761 


FRUIT  CULTURE  IN  VIRGINIA. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

It  was  my  good  fortune  to  spend  nearly  two  months 
in  Southwestern  Virginia  this  fall,  returning  home 
only  a  few  days  ago.  I  had  the  opportunity  of  pay- 
ing particular  attention  to  the  apple  crop,  and  made 
observations  as  to  fruit  growing  in  Virginia  in  gen- 
eral. Your  grand  old  State  has  many  localities  where 
the  raising  of  fruit  for  the  market  can  be  conducted 
with  great  success.  The  celebrated  "Valley  of  Vir- 
ginia," extending,  we  might  say,  from  the  Potomac 
on  the  east,  or  southeast,  by  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  on 
the  west,  or  northwest,  by  the  Alleghany  Mountains, 
has  a  variety  of  soils  especially  adapted  to  the  apple, 
the  pear,  the  plum,  the  peach,  the  cherry,  the  quince 
and  the  grape,  as  well  as  the  small  fruits — strawber- 
ries, raspberries,  blackberries  and  the  like. 

All  fruits  did  well  this  year  in  the  section  of  Vir- 
ginia visited,  but  the  apple  crop  was  unusually  heavy. 
Beautiful  apples  were  hauled  into  the  cities  of  Roa- 
noke and  Staunton,  and  to  the  principal  stations  of 
the  Norfolk  and  Western  and  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 
railroads,  to  be  packed  in  barrels  and  shipped.  Some 
lots  were  intended  for  export,  a  considerable  fruit 
trade  with  England,  I  imderstand,  having  developed 
in  the  past  few  years. 

I  find  that  the  leading  apple,  on  account  of  its  great 
productiveness,  fine  appearance  and  excellent  quality, 
is  the  Albemarle  pippin.  This  variety  i*  iTndoubtedly 
identical  with  the  Newtown  pippin  of  the  north,  but 
it  has  succeeded  so  admirably  in  Virginia,  and  partic- 
ularly in  Albemarle  county  that  it  is  now  more  gen- 
erally known  by  its  local  synonym.  (We  doubt  this 
identity. — Ed.) 

The  Albemarle  pippin  is  shipped  to  the  principal 
cities  of  the  United  States,  but  especially  to  Wash- 
ington, Baltimore,  Philadelphia,  New  York,  Pitts- 
burg, Cincinnati  and  Chicago.  Albemarle  coimty  is 
still  the  largest  producer,  and  it  is  expected  that  this 
fall's  shipments  of  apples  from  that  county  will  ex- 
ceed 50,000  barrels.  Other  counties  of  Virginia  that 
are  large  prodiicers  are  Erederick,  Augusta,  Warren, 
Eauquier,  Wythe,  Rockingham,  Botetourt,  Roanoke, 
Montgomery,  Nelson  and  Culpeper,  which  have  been 
mentioned  in  the  order  of  their  importance.  Each 
will  ship  this  fall  from  10,000  to  2.5,000  barrels. 

One  grower  in  Roanoke  county,  twenty  miles  from 
the  city  of  Roanoke,  sold  his  crop  of  apples  for 
$16,000.  J.  Coles  Terry,  of  the  Bent  Mountain  dis- 
trict, in  the  same  county,  has  4,500  acres  at  an  ele- 
vation of  2,800  feet,  where  he  is  raising  fruit  very 
successfully.  His  orchards  contain  mostly  Albemarle 
pipin  trees.     Erom  25    acres    he  realized    this  fall 


$5,500  for  the  selected  apples  and  has  many  bushels 
of  culls  left  for  cider  and  vinegar.  The  product  of 
36  trees  sold  for  $455.  Mr.  Terry  has  exported  some 
of  his  finest  apples  to  Liverpool,  obtaining  $11  per 
barrel.  Daniel  Locke,  of  Xearneysville,  picked  1,800 
biisheds  of  apples  from  60  trees,  twelve  years  old. 
They  brought  $1.30  per  barrel.  The  fruit  was  of  ex- 
cellent quality.  A  few  barrels  of  the  fruit  will  be 
kept  for  the  St.  Louis  Exposition.  Dr.  D.  W.  Border, 
of  the  same  county,  a  pioneer  fruit  grower  of  the  Val- 
ley of  Virginia,  also  had  an  enormous  yield  of  apples. 
One  tree  bore  57  bushels,  and  another  45.  His  entire 
crop  was  2,500  barrels,  the  largest  he  ever  had. 

The  Ben  Davis,  a  Southern  apple  of  showy  appear- 
ance and,  therefore,  very  salable,  but  notoriously  defi- 
cient in  quality,  is  also  quite  prolific  in  Virginia, 
where  it  is  as  popular  as  in  Kentucky,  the  State  of  its 
reputed  origin.  The  York  Imperial,  a  Pennsylvania 
variety  and  a  great  favorite  in  that  State,  also  suc- 
ceeds remarkably  well  in  Virginia.  The  Winesap  is 
another  popular  kind,  and,  on  account  of  its  bright 
color,  sells  well.  There  are  large  orchards  in  Vir- 
ginia in  which  this  variety  predominates.  That  ex- 
cellent all-roimd  apple,  the  Smoke  House,  which  orig- 
inated in  Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania,  the  great- 
est agricultural  county  in  the  Union;  and  the  red- 
cheeked  Maiden's  Blush,  of  New  Jersey  origin,  are 
the  popular  autumn  varieties  of  Virginia.  Not  much 
attention  is  paid  to  the  summer  varieties,  but  the 
Early  Ripe  and  Yellow  Transparent  are  those  mostly 
grown.  The  Red  Astrachan,  which  is  one  of  the  best 
early  varieties  in  the  north,  ripens  unevenly  in  Vir- 
ginia. 

In  the  apple  districts  of  Virginia  the  orchards  are 
not  limited  to  10  or  20  acres  as  in  Pennsylvania,  but 
there  are  commercial  orchards  hundreds  of  acres  in 
extent.  Col.  A.  M.  Bo^vman,  of  Salem,  a  member  of 
the  Virginia  House  of  Delegates,  and  President  of  the 
Diamond  Orchard  Company,  has  45,000  trees  (apple 
and  peach,  but  mostly  the  former),  just  coming  rights 
Iv  into  bearing.  Nearby  these  are  orchards  of  150  to 
300  acres.  This  is  not  equal,  to  be  sure,  to  the  Osage 
^fountain  apple  district  of  Missouri,  biit  it  is  q\iite 
fair  for  a  beginning,  as  the  apple  industry  of  Vir- 
ginia is  in  its  earliest  stages  of  development  Possi- 
bly-we  may  yet  hear  of  the  equal  of  that  Osage  Moim- 
tain  orchard  of  18,000  acres,  as  the  Stuait  Land  and 
Cattle  Company,  of  Southwestern  Virginia  (RtisscH 
county),  owning  40,000  acres  of  land,  was  recently  or- 
ganized for  fruit  growing  and  cattle  raising  purposes. 
It  is  to  be  hoped,  however,  that  this  company  will  not, 
like  that  in  Missouri,  limit  the  number  of  its  varieties 
of  apples  to  two — the  Ben  Davis  and  Jonathan.  Land 


762 


THE  SOUTHEEN"  PLANTER 


[December 


suitable  for  apple  culture  in  the  Valley  of  Virginia 
and  on  the  ridges,  can  be  had,  we  ascertained,  for  $10 
to  $30  per  acre. 

There  are  some  varieties  of  apples  which  in  Vir- 
ginia attain  unusual  size,  just  as  the  Yellow  Bell- 
flower  of  the  State  of  Washington  is  twice  as  large  as 
the  same  variety  grown  in  Pennsylvania.  .The  Penn 
sylvania  Fallawater,  or  Pound,  grows  to  enonnoiis 
proportions.  The  writer  caught  one  of  the  elevator 
boys  of  a  Koannke  hotel  one  day  munching  an  apple 
of  this  variety,  while  he  directed  the  operations  of  the 
car  as  it  ascended  and  descended.  The  apple  looked 
to  be  almost  as  large  as  his  head.  The  following  col- 
loquy took  place:  "Boy,  where  did  you  get  that  ap- 
ple ?"  we  inquired.  "Bought  it,"  he  managed  to  say 
sheepishly,  (as  though  he  had  been  detected  in  steal- 
ing it),  his  mouth  full  of  the  juicy  fruit,  and  his 
cheeks  fairly  bulging.  "What  did  you  pay  ?"  was  the 
next  question.  "Three  cents,"  he  said.  Then  raising 
the  seat  in  the  elevator  ho  revealed  a  still  larger  ap- 
ple. "Two  for  five  ?"  we  asked.  "Yep,"  he  said,  with 
a  grin. 

The  San  Jose  Scale,  that  inost  pernicious  insect 
has  made  its  dreaded  appearance  in  most  of  the  apple 
districts  of  Virginia.  Fortunately,  through  the  en- 
actment of  the  State  law  of  March,  1896,  the  pest  is 
being  successfully  combatted.  Bulletins  replete  with 
information  on  the  scale  and  other  injurious  insects. 
as  well  as  on  fungus  and  atmospheric  diseases  of  f  niit 
trees  and  plant  life,  are  issued  regularly  from  the  Ag- 
ricultural Experiment  Station  at  Blacksburg.  and 
sent  to  the  leading  fruit  growers  of  the  State,  as  well 
as  to  all  who  write  for  them.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that 
Virginia  does  not  appropriate  more  money  for  c:irry- 
ing  on  this  commendable  work. 

The  trees  (following  out  the  recommendations  con- 
tained in  these  bulletins'),  have  been  treated  with 
either  the  whale  oil  soap  solution,  or  the  keroseno 
emulsion,  or  both,  at  the  discretion  and  convenience 
of  the  grower.  Recently,  the  head  gardener  and  hor- 
ticulturist of  the  Norfolk  and  Western  Railway  Com- 
pany, itr.  Patrick  Foy,  of  Roanoke,  discovered  the 
efficacy  of  caustic  soda  for  the  destruction  of  the  San 
Jose  Scale.  As  to  the  value  of  this  remedy  he  has 
been  confirmed  by  the  New  York  State  Fruit  Grow- 
ers' Association,  members  of  which  were  engaged  this 
year  in  a  series  of  experiments  with  caustir  soda,  in 
connection  with  lime  and  sulphur. 

This  new  wa.=h  for  ridding  tress  of  the  San  -Tose 
Scale  consists  of  8.S  pounds  of  lime,  17  pounds  of  stt!- 
phur  and  from  3  to  4  pounds  of  caustic  soda  to  one 
barrel  of  water,  mixed  without  boiling,  thus  saving 
expense  and  much  labor.     The  scale  can  be  contvolled 


by  the  thorough  application  of  this  wash  in  winter  or 
early  spring.  A  pure  article  of  lime  should  be  used, 
so  as  to  reduce  to  a  minimum  the  quantity  of  gritty 
sediment,.  The  wash  can  be  readily  sprayed  through 
a  Vermorel  nozzle. 

The  great  danger  of  the  orchards  of  this  country 
being  overrun  by  the  San  Tose  Scale  makes  it  impera- 
tive that  an  unrelentless  and  imceasing  war  should  bo 
waged,  and  the  remedies  to  be  used  should  be  publish- 
ed again  and  again.  There  is  no  excuse  for  ignorance 
in  this  matter.  Several  months  ago  two  physicians  of 
the  writer's  acquaintance,  who  had  gone  extensively 
into  frtiit  culture  near  the  city  of  Reading,  purely  as 
a  business  venture,  found  their  orchards  infested  with 
the  scale.  Without  looking  around  long  for  remedie-j 
they  ordered  all  trees  that  had  been  attacked  to  be  cut 
down.  Their  loss  amounts  to  thousands  of  dollars,  all 
of  which  could  have  been  saved  if  the  owners  of  the 
orchards  had  had  the  proper  knowledge. 

Nine  years  ago,  at  a  meeting  of  the  State  Board  of 
Agriculture,  the  writer  presented  a  report  making 
known  the  first  appearance  of  the  San  Jose  Scale  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  gave  the  remedies  that  should  be 
used,  recommending  more  particularly  the  whale  oil 
soap  solution,  to  be  applied  to  the  bark  of  tree  on 
which  the  scale  had  appeared,  the  application  to  be 
made  while  the  trees  were  in  dormant  condition.  By 
the  following  year  the  scale  had  made  such  progress 
that  its  presence  was  reported  in  twelve  counties.  Now 
in  this  year  of  grace,  1003,  there  is  scarcely  one  of  the 
sixty-seven  counties  of  the  State,  in  which  it  has  not 
appeared.  The  necessity  for  vigorous  action  is  thus 
apparent.  Oyufs  T.  Fox, 

Reading,  Pa..  Nov.  20.  1003.    Slfate  Pomologist. 


SMALL  CANNING  FACTORIES. 
Editor  Southern   Planter: 

Now  that  winter  has  come  and  work  in  the  garden 
and  orchard  is  not  pressing,  we  can  figure  some  on 
broadening  our  work  next  year.  "Why  not  think  of 
starting  a  small  cannery  next  year  ?  If  there  had 
lieen  more  small  canneries  in  Southwest  Virginia  this 
year  a  large  per  cent,  of  the  immense  apple  crop  that 
wasted  could  have  been  canned  up  at  a  good  profit 
AVhile  we  m\ist  not  expect  such  a  crop  next  season, 
still,  other  fruits  can  be  put  up  at  a  profit  and  toma- 
toes can  be  grown  at  the  rate  of  one  to  three  hundred 
bushels  per  acre.  I  have  grown  them  in  this  county 
(ilontgomerv)  at  the  rate  of  four  hundred  bushels 
per  acre.  Perhaps  there  is  no  other  vegetable  for  can- 
ning that  pays  better  than  the  tomato.     Canned  to- 


190S.1 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


763 


matoes  are  one  of  the  standard  articles  of  the  grocery- 
man.    There  is  always  a  demand  for  them. 

People  in  Virginia  and  other  Sonthern  States  are 
consuming  more  fruits  and  vegetables  each  year.  It 
is  being  fonnd  ont  that  we  can  grow  large  quantities 
of  fruits  and  vegetables  on  our  soils  with  compara- 
tively small  outlay.  Sometimes  the  market  prices  go 
down  and  these  products  do  not  pay  well  to  ship.  Just 
here  the  small  cannery  comes  in  and  not  only  saves 
what  might  otherwise  go  to  loss,  but  makes  a  hand- 
some profit.  It  puts  fruit  growing  and  truck  farming 
on  a  more  sure  basis. 

The  cost  of  small  canning  factories  is  now  so  low 
that  each  individual  grower  may  have  one. 

Two  years  ago  when  I  completed  some  experiments 
with  a  small  canning  outfit  which  I  had  put  up  for 
experimental  purposes,  and  had  published  the  resiilts 
of  my  experiments,  I  received  a  nimiber  of  letters 
from  almost  every  Southern  State  asking  for  more  in- 
formation upon  the  subject.  I  advocated  strongly  the 
establishment  of  small  canning  factories  in  connection 
with  cotton  gins,  where  there  is  a  water  supply  and 
the  boiler  and  house  lie  idle  during  the  canning  sea- 
son. Now  there  are  a  large  number  of  small  canning 
factories  in  Texas  where  these  experiments  were  car- 
ried on.  And  since  I  have  come  back  to  my  native 
State  I  am  informed  that  Eotetourt  and  Roanoke 
counties  can  more  tomatoes  than  any  other  two  coun- 
ties in  the  United  States.  I  am  glad  to  know  that  Vir- 
ginia is  wakening  up  along  this  line.  The  money  that 
is  usually  spent  for  these  things  may  be  kept  at  home. 
It  was  formerly  believed  that  canning  factories  were 
very  costly,  and  this  belief  has  retarded  development 
of  the  canning  industry  in  the  Southern  States. 

The  first  outlay  for  my  canning  factory  was  $340, 
and  the  capacity  was  estimated  at  5,000  cans  per  day. 
However,  to  be  more  accurate,  I  will  give  here  some 
quotations  from  the  catalog  of  a  firm  that  sells  small 
canning  outfits  and  of  whom  I  purchased  mine. 

Capacity  estimated  at  3,000  3  pound  cans  or  .5,000 
i  pound  cans  per  day.  Kettles  set  in  brick  work  or 
attached  to  steam  boiler.  Process  kettle,  36  inches  in 
diameter  by  36  inches  deep,  $18.00;  exhaust  kettle, 
36  inches  in  diameter  by  24  inches  deep,  $16.00; 
scalding  kettle,  30  inches  in  diameter  by  24  inches 
deep.  $14.00 ;  3  sets  grate  bars,  3  furnace  doors,  or  3 
steam  coils  if  boiler  is  used.  $1  5.00 ;  2  gasoline  fire 
pots,  complete,  $32.00;  2  6-tier  process  crates, 
$11.00  ;  2  1-tier  exhaust  crate,  $7.00  ;  1  set  crane  fix- 
tures, $10.00;  4  capping  machines,  $3.00;  4  copper 
cappers,  $4.00;  2  tipping  cappers,  $1.00:  2  scalding 
baskets,  $2.00 ;  1  forging  handle,  25  cents ;  1  forging 
stajce.  $2.50;  1  vi.se,  $2.50;  j  dozen  files,  $1.35;  2 


pair  can  tongs,  70  cents;  1  forging  hammer,  $1.00; 
1  floor  truck,  $12.00;  2  dozen  peeling  knives,  $2.00; 
total,  $158.30. 

Such  a  plant  would  can  everything  except  corn  and 
beans.  For  these  two  things  a  closed  top  kettle  is  nec- 
essary, and  this  would  cost  about  $120.00.  At  least 
a  15  H.  P.  boiler  should  be  used.  A  building  20x45 
feet  is  necessary,  also  good  clean  water  in  abundance. 
If  the  boiler  is  placed  in  a  separate  room  it  is  much 
better  on  account  of  the  heat.  I  am  informed  that 
a  number  of  persons  in  Virginia  have  their  kettles  set 
in  brick  work.  While  this  method  is  much  less  costly, 
it  is  much  more  inconvenient.  The  kettles  are  more 
difficult  to  clean  and  the  capacity  is  lessened. 

I  have  had  a  great  many  letters  asking  questions  on 
the  subject  how  to  can.  Pull  instriictions  on  this 
subject  are  sent  by  the  factory  people  when  the  ma- 
chinery is  sold.  However,  the  Virginia  Experiment 
Station  at  Elacksburg  has  just  published  an  excel- 
lent bulletin  on  ''processing,"  which  can  be  had  by 
writing  for  it. 

In  starting  a  factory  one  should  have  an  expert  for 
a  short  while.  Labor  is  usually  paid  for  by  the  piece 
or  job.  Women  and  children  usually  do  the  best 
work.  The  prices  paid  will  vary  in  each  locality.  The 
following,  I  consider,  a  low  estimate;  Peeling  toma- 
toes, per  24^  gallon  bucket,  11  cents ;  peeling  apples, 
per  2^  gallon  bucket,  21  cents ;  string  beans,  per  2| 
gallon  bucket,  3  cents ;  husking  corn  per  dozen  ears, 
1  3ent.  The  processor  should  have  $2.00  per  day,  the 
capper  $1.00,  and  the  tipper  less. 

The  following  figures  will  enable  one  to  estimate 
how  many  busheds  it  will  take  to  fill  a  certain  number 
of  cans: 

2  lb.  cans.     3  lb.  cani 

1  bushel  apples  will  fill 30  20 

1  bushel  string  beans  will  fill 30  20 

1  bushel  blackberries  will  fill 50  33 

1  biishel  corn  will  fill 45 

1  bushel  peaches  ^standard)  will  fill.  .25  18 

1  busliel  peaches  Tpie)  will  fill 45  30 

1  bushed  tomatoes  will  fill 24  18 

Three  pound  cans  will  cost  about  $2.25  per  hun- 
dred. Two  and  one  pound  cans  will  cost  less,  of 
course. 

The  freight  on  cans  is  rather  heavy  since  our  near- 
est shipping  point  has  been  Baltimore.  Now,  I  un- 
derstand a  can  factory  has  been  established  in  this 
State  at  Buchannan.  I  strongly  advisf  starting  a 
small  factory  at  first  and  then  enlarge  it  as  more  ex- 
perience is  acquired.  A  great  deal  depends  upon  good 
business  management.  Labor  is  one  of  the  most  cost- 
ly items  and  this  part  of  the  business  has  to  be  looked 


764 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[December 


after  closely.  But  the  profits  are  usually  very  sat- 
isfactory with  good  management.  I  may  discuss 
this  subject  further  in  another  number. 

Montgomery  County,  Va.  R.  H.  Price. 


THE  BITTER  ROT  OF  APPLES. 

We  take  the  following  advice  as  to  treatment  for 
this  disease  from  a  Bulletin  recently  issued  by  the 
Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture: 

1.  The  bitter  rot  or  ripe  rot  is  one  of  the  most  seri- 
ous diseases  of  apples.  The  loss  due  to  this  disease 
in  1900  was  estimated  (for  the  United  States)  as 
$10,000,000.  It  is  one  of  the  most  difficult  diseases 
to  control  and  is  constantly  on  the  increase. 

2.  The  bitter  rot  is  due  to  a  fungus,  Olomerella 
rufomaculans  (Bei'k.)  Spaulding  &  von  Schrenk, 
hitherto  generally  known  as  Glceosporium  fructige- 
num  Brk. 

?>.  This  fungus  until  1902  was  known  only  in  its 
conidial  stage  on  pomaceous  fruits  and  grapes.  The 
perfect  or  ascus  stage  has  since  been  discovered  both 
in  cultures  on  fruits  and  in  artificial  cankers  on  the 
apple  limbs. 

A:  The  fungus  attacks  ripening  apples  during  July 
and  August,  and  is  mcvst  virulent  during  moist,  hot 
summers.  It  is  most  active  on  apples  in  the  belt  of 
States  on  the  line  of  the  Ohio  river,  from  Virginia  on 
the  Atlantic  Ocean  to  Oklahoma  in  the  West,  and 
southward. 

.5.  During  the  past  summer  canker-like  areas  were 
discovered  on  apple  limbs  from  which  the  disease 
seemed  to  spread.  These  cankers  generally  occurred 
in  the  upper  parts  of  trees  and  contained  spores  of  the 
bitter-rot  fungus,  as  proved  by  direct  inoculations  into 
apples. 

fi.  Inoculations  into  healthy  apple  limbs  of  bitter- 
rot  spores  from  pure  cultiiros  of  the  bitter-rot  fungus 
(made  both  from  diseased  apples  and  cankers)  re- 
sulted in  the  formation  of  cankers  similar  to  those 
found  in  the  orchards.  Spores  from  these  cankers 
])roduced  the  bitter  rot  in  soiind  fruits.  This  proves 
beyond  doubt  that  the  bitter-rot  fungus  is  the  cause 
of  the  cankers  on  apple  limbs  in  the  orchard. 

7.  The  spores  of  the  bitter-rot  fungus  are  washed 
from  the  cankers  onto  the  apples  below  the  cankers. 
Spores  are  carried  from  tree  to  tree  by  insects,  and 
possibly  by  raindrops. 

8.  One  of  the  best  methods  for  combating  this  dis 
ease  will  consist  in  carefully  cutting  out  all  cankers 
during  the  winter.  These  should  be  burned  at  once; 
All  diseased  apples  on  the  ground  or  in  the  tree  should 
be  collected  and  destroyed.  As  a  further  precaution, 
trees  should  be  sprayed  with  standard  Bordeaux  mix- 
ture at  least  once  before  the  buds  open,  and  again  fre- 
quently from  midsummer  \intil  the  fruits  are  almost 
ripe. 


ORCHARDING. 

F.ditor  Southern  Planter: 

In  setting  an  orchard,  experience  has  proven  that 
it  is  best  to  head  the  trees  low,  that  is,  let  the  tree  limb 
out  near  the  ground.  It  is  best  for  several  reasons.  It 
lirevents  sun-scald  of  the  body  by  shading  the  South 
and  Southwest  sides  of  the  trunk  of  the  tree  in  spring, 
summer  and  winter,  and  making  a  healthy  body  will 
entirely  eradicate  the  flat-headed  borer,  one  of  the 
worst  pests  in  the  orchard  which  has  not  been  properly 
set. 

I  discovered  while  working  in  my  father's  orchard 
in  1876,  that  trees  headed  low  were  healthy  bodied 
and  free  from  flat-headed  borers,  while  those  headed 
high  were  injured  by  the  sun,  and  were  invariably  at- 
tacked by  this  pest.  Many  articles  have  been  written 
about  how  best  to  fight  this  enemy.  For  more  than 
20  years  I  have  not  had  this  insect  to  contend  with  in 
any  of  our  orchards,  amounting  to  over  2,000  acres. 
Low  headed  trees  entirely  eradicated  them.  In  order 
lo  get  a  low  headed  tree,  we  formerly  had  to  raise  our 
o\\'n  nursery  stock.  Now,  yoiir  nurserymen  will  pro- 
vide you  with  a  low  headed  tree,  if  you  ask  for  it,  and 
I  would  not  ]ilant  any  other. 

To  make  a  low  head  does  not  require  a  forked  head. 
Trim  to  make  a  centre.  I  will  treat  of  trimming  in 
a  future  article.  A  forked  tree  will  sooner  or  later 
split  in  a  wind  storm,  or  when  loaded  with  fruit.  You 
can  prevent  forks,  and  make  a  head  with  a  centre 
when  they  are  small  and  thus  let  the  trees  start  prop- 
erlv.  Another  advantage  in  low  headed  trees  is  that 
it  prevents  wind  storms  from  topping  or  uprooting 
them  so  easily.  It  also  preserves  part  of  the  crop 
from  storms,  as  the  limbs  near  the  ground  will  be 
loaded  with  fruit  while  the  storm  takes  the  top  fruit 
nearlv  all  off.  Do  not  be  afraid  that  the  fruit  will 
not  properly  color.  T  have  gathered  more  than  a 
barrel  of  fine  apples  resting  on  the  ground  from  the 
lower  limb  of  a  single  tree.  A  low  headed  tree  also 
saves  one-half  the  expense  in  picking,  as  most  of  the 
fruit  can  be  gathered  while  standing  on  the  ground. 
Another  point  to  be  observed  in  setting  trees  is  with 
reference  to  the  direction  of  the  prevailing  winds. 
To  illustrate:  Here  in  the  Ozark  our  prevailing  wind 
is  from  the  Southwest,  and  the  hot  sun  on  the  orchard 
in  spring,  summer  and  winter  is  from  that  direction. 
Therefore  to  properly  set  trees,  they  should  be  lean- 
ed to  the  Southwest  about  20  degrees  or  more  in  set^ 
ting  them,  and  the  tree,  before  it  reaches  the  age  of 
bearing  will  be  perpendicular,  if  not  leaning  to  the 
Northeast.  A  tree  planted  perpendicular  at  the  time 
it  is  set  will  loan  to  the  Northeast  before  it  is  bearing, 
and  thus  be  injured  by  sun  scald  as  above  stated.  It 
is,  therefore,  important  in  setting  a  tree  to  observe 
this  precaution. 

A  tree  should  be  set  in  the  orchard  not  deeper  than 
it  stood  in  the  nursery.  There  are  several  reasons 
why  this  is  best :  not  only  to  prevent  the  "root  rot," 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


765 


but  to  prevent  other  diseases,  and  also  the  aphis.  A 
tree  set  near  the  surface  will  not  be  so  easily  killed 
by  the  ronnd  headed  or  root  borer,  for  when  the  tree 
is  set  deep  in  the  earth  it  is  easily  girdled  and  killed 
by  this  insect,  bnt  if  the  roots  start  at  the  surface,  this 
borer  will  usually  follow  and  kill  but  one  root,  and 
the  tree  will  throw  out  new  rootlets,  and  the  orchard 
not  die  so  readily  from  this  pest. 

A  tree  set  properly  with  its  roots  near  the  surface 
will  seldom  have  aphis.  It  is  best  in  settinsr  your 
trees  to  take  about  10  or  15  pounds  of  tobacco  dust 
and  place  it  in  a  large  candy  pail  or  tub  full  of  water 
and  let  it  soak  for  a  few  hours,  and  just  before  set- 
ting the  young  trees  dip  the  roots  in  this  solution ;  it 
is  a  preventive  of  aphis. 

Springfield,  Mo.  S.  A.  Haset.tine. 


SELF-STERILITY  IN  APPLES. 

C.  B.  S..  V.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AORICUI.TUEE. 

About  ten  years  ago  Prof.  M.  B.  Waite  called  at- 
tention to  the  absolute  sterility  of  certain  varieties 
of  pears  when  fertilized  with  their  own  pollen.  Later 
Prof.  F.  A.  Waugh  and  others  showed  that  all  the 
varieties  of  Japanese  plums  and  practically  all  the 
native  American  plums  are  self-sterile,  and  will  not 
bear  any  fruit  whatever  unless  crossed  with  other 
varieties.  This  work  led  to  similar  investigations 
with  apples  and  very  interesting  results  have  been 
obtained.  The  Ben  Davis  apple,  which  proved  self- 
fertile  at  the  Kansas  Experiment  Station,  was  found 
entirely  self-fertile  at  the  Experiment  Stations  in 
Rhode  Island,  Vermont  and  Canada.  Even  in  Kan 
sas,  where  26  per  cent,  of  the  self -fertilized  blossoms 
set  fruit,  it  was  found  that  the  self-pollinated  fruit 
was  not  so  large  or  so  vigorous  as  the  fruits  from 
cross-fertilized  blossoms  on  the  same  tree.  Besides, 
a  much  larger  proportion  of  the  self-fertilized  fruits 
dropped  before  they  reached  the  size  of  a  hazlenut 
than  of  the  cross-pollinated  fruit. 

The  following  aphabetical  list  shows  the  varieties 
of  apples  that  have  thus  far  been  found  by  actual 
trial  at  one  or  more  experiment  stations  to  be  self- 
sterile  :  Arkansas  Black,  Belleflower,  Astrachan, 
Ben  Davis,  Blenheim,  Canada  Red,  Early  Ripe,  Eng- 
lish Russet,  Fameuse,  Fanny,  Gilpin,  Golden  Pear- 
main,  Gravenstein,  Grimes  Golden,  Hawley,  Hunts- 
man, King,  Lily  of  Kent,  Mammoth  Black  Twig, 
Mann,  Missouri  Pippin,  Nero,  Northern,  Northern 
Spy,  Paragon,  Porter,  Primate,  Red  Kennedy,  Red 
Streak,  Ribston,  Rhode  Island  Greening,  Roseau, 
Roxbury  Russet,  Spitzenberg,  Stark,  Staymen,  Straw- 
berry, Talman  Sweet,  Wealthy,  Westfield,  Williams 
Favorite,  Willow  Twig  and  Winesap. 

The  following  varieties  have  been  found  more  or 
less  self-fertile  and  capable  of  producing  some  fruit 
when  standing  alone,  and  not  cross-pollinated:  Alex- 
ander ,  Astrachan,  Baldwin,  Ben  Davis,  Bough, 
Cooper  Early,   Chenango,   Early  Harvest,   E^sopus, 


Fameuse,  Jonathan,  Jxily,  Ontario,  Rhode  Island 
Greening,  Smith  Cider,  Smokehouse,  Twenty-Ounce, 
White  Pearmain,  Wine  and  Yellow  Transparent. 
With  many  of  the  varieties  in  this  list  not  more  than 
one  blossom  in  a  hundred  set  fruit  when  self-fertil- 
ized. With  scarcely  any  was  a  good  crop  secured, 
and  in  nearly  every  instance  the  fruit  has  been 
smaller  and  less  desirable  than  cross-pollinated  fruit 
The  conclusion  seems  inevitable  that  large  blocks  of  a 
single  variety  of  apples  should  never  be  planted.  Va. 
rieties  should  be  intimately  mixed  in  the  orchard  to 
insure  cross-pollination.  These  varieties  should  be 
such  as  will  blossom  aboiit  the  same  time  and  capable 
of  cross-fertilizing  each  other. 

With  respect  to  the  latter  point,  Jonathan,  Hunts- 
man, fwid  Cooper  Early  proved  especially  valuable  as 
pollenizers  at  the  Kansas  Experiment  Station.  Prof. 
G.  H.  Powell  at  the  Delaware  Station  found  that 
Paragon,  Staymen,  Winesap  and  Lily  of  Kent,  all 
weak  pollen  bearers  except  the  latter,  to  be  inter- 
sterile,  and  should  therefore  never  be  planted  together 
in  commercial  orchards  for  the  purpose  of  cross-polli- 
nation. Further  work  along  these  lines  to  determine 
what  varieties  bloom  together  and  are  most  suitable 
for  pollenizing  each  other  is  very  desirable.  And 
since  varieties  behave  differently  toward  each  other 
in  different  sections  of  the  country,  these  data  should 
be  determined  in  many  different  localities. — Ameri- 
can Agriculturist. 


VIRGINIA  CORN  EXHIBIT  AT  ST.  LOUIS. 

As  a  further  incentive  to  stimulate  Virginia  com 
growers  to  make  a  creditable  showing  at  the  St.  Louis 
Exposition,  the  Virginia  Commission  have  decided  to 
offer  $120  in  premiums  as  follows:  $50  for  the  best 
exhibit  of  corn,  from  any  county  to  consist  of  ten  or 
more  varieties  of  100  ears  each ;  $30  for  the  next  best 
exhibit  from  any  county,  of  ten  or  more  varieties,  and 
$20  for  the  third  best  exhibit  from  any  county,  of  ten 
or  more  varieties,  and  $20  as  before  offered,  for  the 
best  one  hundred  ears  sent  in  by  any  grower. 

All  corn  competing,  will  be  exhibited  under  the 
competitors  name,  whether  a  prize  winner  or  not,  and 
all  exhibits  sent  in,  must  be  sent  with  the  understand- 
ing that  they  are  to  become  the  property  of  the  Com- 
mission for  this  purpose.  Competent  judges  will  be 
chosen  to  make  the  awards  in  this  competition,  and 
notice  of  the  winners  will  be  published  in  the  State 
papers. 

The  Commission  will  pay  freight  charges  on  all 
shipments,  which  should  be  packed  in  substantial 
boxes  or  barrels  and  shipped  by  freight  to  Geo.  E. 
Murrell,  Superintendent,  No.  14  Governor  street, 
Richmond,  Va. 
Va.  Com.  to  the  Louisiana  Puhohase  Exposition. 

Richmond,  Ya.,  Oct.  2fi,  1903. 


768 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[December 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy. 


THE  DUAL  PURPOSE  cow. 

In  replying  to  an  inquirer  as  to  the  relative  merits 
of  different  breeds  of  cattle,  and  especially  as  to  the 
Talue  of  Red  Polls  for  the  ordinary  farmer  in  the 
South,  we  remarked  that  cattle  of  this  breed  had 
done  what  no  other  breed  had  done — viz.,  take  first 
premiums  as  beef  cattle  at  a  fat  stock  show,  and  first 
premiums  at  a  dairy  show.  Commenting  on  this 
statement,  the  editor  of  Practical  Farmer  (Prof. 
Massey),  in  a  late  issue  of  that  journal,  takes  strong 
groimd  in  favor  of  the  keeping  of  breeds  of  cattle 
bxed  for  specific  purposes,  and  against  the  diyil  pur- 
pose cow.  He  remarks  that  "a  jack  of  all  trades 
seldom  is  as  good  as  one  with  a  definite  hobby,  be  it 
a  cow  or  man.  Good  dairy  form  and  capacity  in  a 
cow  is  an  entirely  different  thing  from  good  beef 
form,  and  no  one  animal  can  have  both  types  in  per- 
fection." Whilst  there  is  a  good  deal  of  force  in 
what  the  editor  says  as  to  a  jack  of  all  trades,  yet  we 
would  remind  liim  that  there  is  another  type  of  man 
who  fills  a  very  wide  place  in  the  world  whilst  not 
essentially  a  specialist — viz.,  the  man  who  "knows 
something  about  everything,  and  everything  about 
something."  So,  in  like  manner,  we  think  a  cow 
which  meets  the  needs  of  a  very  large  class  of  the 
farmers  of  the  country  is  a  valuable  cow,  even  though 
she  be  not  so  specialized  as  to  only  perfectly  fill  one 
place  in  the  economy  of  the  farm.  Such  a  cow  is  the 
dual  piirpose  cow,  and  that  she  can  be  found,  the  ex- 
perience of  English  farmers  and  many  in  this  coun- 
try conclusively  proves.  The  Breeder's  Gazette  says 
this  week  that  the  supremacy  of  England  in  live  stock 
is  unquestioned  and  unquestionable,  yet  we  venture 
the  assertion  without  hesitation  or  fear  of  contradic- 
tion, that  more  than  three-fourths  of  the  cattle  in  that 
country  are  dual  purpose  cows.  Our  position  on  this 
question  of  dual  purpose  cows  cannot  be  better  stated 
than  in  the  words  of  Prof.  Thomas  Shaw,  one  of  the 
best  judge?  and  most  experienced  cattle  men  in  this 
country.  He  said  in  stating  his  position  on  the  sub- 
ject: "I  believe  in  a  special  dairy  cow.  She  includes 
the  Holstein.  Dutch  Pelted,  Ayrshire,  Guernsey,  Jer- 
sey, Erench  Canadian,  and  Kerry  of  the  pedigreed 
breeds  in  America.  Her  place  is  on  farms  where 
cattle  are  kept  almost  entirely  for  the  dairy  products, 
which  they  furnish,  or  in  the  stable  of  the  individual 
who  keeps  but  one  cow.  I  believe  in  the  special  beef 
cow.  Her  place  is  on  the  range  or  on  the  lar<re  farm, 
where  circuinstances  forbid  the  milking  of  the  cows 
by  hand.     Her   domain    in    .\merica   has   probably 


more  than  attained  a  maximum  since  large  farms  are 
being  divided.  I  believe  in  the  dual  purpose  cow. 
Her  place  is  on  the  arable  farm,  where  the  farmer  is 
not  a  dairyman  in  the  special  sense,  and  where  pro- 
duction is  sufficient  to  justify  the  rearing  of  steers  for 
l>eef.  This  means  that  there  is  a  place  for  her  on 
probably  two-thirds  of  the  farms  of  the  United  States, 
and  that  on  these  she  can  be  reared  more  profitably 
than  either  of  the  other  two  classes  of  cows.  There 
are  in  America  five  pedigreed  breeds  of  dual  purpose 
cows.  These  are  the  Shorthorn,  the  Polled  Durham, 
the  Bro^vn  Swiss,  the  Red  Poll,  and  the  Devon.  The 
dual  purpose  cow  is  at  present  far  more  numerously 
represented  in  tlie  graded  than  in  the  pure  bred  form." 
In  England  the  dual  purpose  cow  is  most  numer- 
oiisly  represented  by  the  milking  type  of  Shorthorn, 
but  the  Red  Poll  comes  as  "good  second."  One  or 
other  of  these  tvpes  are  to  be  found  on  almost  every 
farm.  The  pure  dairy  types  are  there  only  found 
on  few  farms.  The  Jersey  is  almost  solely  confined 
to  the  home  farms  of  the  great  land  owners  and  to 
the  small  farms  of  gentlemen  who  keep  them  for  a 
domestic  supply  of  butter.  The  dual  purpose  Short- 
horns and  Red  Polls  furnish  nearly  the  whole  supply 
of  milk  for  the  great  cities  and  to-vvns  of  that  country, 
and  the  farmers  keeping  them  supply  a  very  large 
part  of  the  steers  which  are  fed  for  the  meat  supply  of 
those  places,  and  also  a  great  niimber  every  year  of  fat 
cows  and  heifers  which  have  failed  to  breed.  This 
is  the  beauty  of  these  breeds  in  the  eyes  of  the  Eng- 
lish farmer.  If  they  fail  to  breed  and  become  milk- 
ers, they  will  make  as  good  beef  as  the  beef  breeds, 
and  will  do  it  profitably.  A  bull  calf  from  one  of 
these  cows  is  as  readily  and  profitably  made  into  veal 
or  into  a  feeding  steer  as  a  bull  calf  from  any  of  the 
beef  breeds.  Here,  as  there,  no  one  wants  a  Jersey  or 
grade  Jer-sey  bull  calf.  He  will  neither  make  good 
veal  nor  a  profitable  steer.  Only  a  few  days  ago  we 
noticed  a  communication  in  the  Breeders'  Gazette 
from  a  correspondent  in  ^lissouri  complaining  that 
when  the  steer  buyer  comes  around  and  asks  for  a 
bunch  of  steers  his  first  question  is  "Any  Jerseys 
among  them  ?"  If  you  are  unlucky  enough  to  have  a 
Jersey  or  Jersey- Shorthorn  steer  the  buyer  will  tell 
vou  he  cannot  use  him  or  "you  take  that  Jersey  out," 
or  I  will  give  you  $,5  less  for  that  Jersey- Shorthorn 
steer.  If  you  ask  the  reason  why.  the  answer  is,  "He 
won't  feed,  a  poor  seller,  spoils  my  other  steers."  This 
is  exactly  the  position  of  our  farmers  in  the  South- 
They  have  got  this  Jersey  blood  so  spread  amongst 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


767 


the  cattle  here  that  instead  of  being  able  to  supply  a 
large  part  of  tlie  feeding  stock  of  the  country  we  are 
practically  shut  out  from  this  market  and  have  to 
waste  feed  and  time  fitting  these  ill-favored  animals 
for  local  markets  where  they  sell  at  about  half  the 
price  that  a  good  steer  ought  to  fetch.  The  great  ma- 
jority of  our  farmers  cannot  be  dairymen  if  they 
would.  They  are  not  so  situated  as  t5  be  able  to  mar- 
ket the  produce  and  if  they  were  their  entrance  upon 
the  business  would  be  the  signal  for  such  a  drop  in 
the  price  of  dairy  products  as  would  make  the  busi- 
ness unprofitable.  In  the  neighborhood  of  large 
cities  or  where  the  farm  is  on  the.  direct  road  to  North- 
ern cities  and  not  too  far  away  from  them,  there  is  an 
opening  for  dairying,  and  there  the  pure  dairy  breeds 
should  be  kept,  but  speaking  generally  the  type  of 
cow  needed  on  the  farms  of  the  South  is  one  which 
will  give  an  abundance  of  milk  to  supply  the  farmer's 
family  and  hands  and  a  few  nearby  people  in  the 
small  towns  and  will  raise  fat  veals  and  good  steer 
calves  for  feeding.  The  Shorthorns  and  Red  Polls 
will  do  this  and  high  grades  of  these  types  not  hav- 
ing any  Jersey  admixture  of  blood  in  them  will  be 
almost  as  serviceable.  Until  our  pastures  and  feeding 
capacity  are  improved,  we  find  by  experience  that  the 
Red  Polls  better  meet  our  needs  than  even  the  Short- 
horns. They  are  not  such  heavy  cattle  and  have  not 
bepn  so  long  accustomed  to  high  living  as  the  Short- 
horns. Hence  they  do  better  on  our  thinner  pastures 
and  coarser  feed.  In  England  the  Shorthorns  and 
Shorthorn  grades  do  better  as  thg  pastures  and  feed 
are  there  much  better.  We  have  kept  Shorthorn 
grades  (high  ones)  in  England  that  made  22  pounds 
of  butter  per  week  giving  over  three  gallons  of  milk 
at  a  milking,  and  have  made  these  cattle  into  fat  beef 
weighing  from  1,200  to  1,500  pounds,  and  their  bull 
calves  into  steers  weighing  1,500  or  1,600  pounds  at 
two  and  one-half  years  old.  In  this  coimtry  a  grade 
Shorthorn  cow  weighing  1.500  pounds  in  fair  flesh 
has  given  9,628  pounds  of  milk  in  the  year  and  made 
43!)  pounds  of  bvitter,  and  would  at  any  time,  when 
dry,  have  made  a  1,600  pound  fat  beef  cow.  Whole 
herds  of  Red  Polls  in  England  have  averaged  6,000 
pounds  of  milk  in  the  year  and  several  cows  have  pro- 
duced over  10,000  pounds  of  milk.  In  this  coiintry 
in  the  Red  Poll  herd  of  Capt.  Hills,  of  Ohio,  several 
cows  have  produced  over  10,000  pounds  of  milk  in 
the  year  and  one  cow  produced  52,858  pounds  of 
milk  in  five  years.  Against  steers  of  these  two  dual 
breeds  there  is  no  discrimination  by  buyers.  They 
are  as  freely  bought  aa  the  steers  of  the  true  beef 
breeds  as  it  has  been  found  that  invariably  they  feed 


as  fast  and  as  economically  as  those  of  any  pure  beef 
breed,  and  the  fat  stock  show  records  give  them  a 
high  place.  On  thin  lands  probably  no  better  type 
of  a  dual  cow  can  be  found  than  the  Devon.  She  is 
only  small  but  she  gives  milk  enough  to  make  a  fat 
calf  and  supply  a  family,  and  will  raise  steer  calves 
that  will  feed  into  useful  beef,  and  this  at  a  mini- 
mum cost  for  keep.  What  the  Southern  farmer  gen- 
erally needs  now  is  cattle  of  this  type.  When  farms 
are  more  generally  improved  then  he  should  take  up 
the  pure  beef  breeds,  and  raise  steers  that  the  great 
feeders  want,  or  that  he  can  feed  himself  into  prime 
beef  for  the  great  markets.  These  beef  breeds  wiU 
give  milk  enough  to  raise  their  calves  but  no  surplus 
for  the  family  or  for  sale.  The  dual  breeds  will  do 
both  and  do  both  profitably.  The  special  bred  cow 
like  the  specialist  amongst  men  has  a  place  to  fill  but 
that  place  whether  for  the  cow  or  the  man  is  not  the 
nlace  to  be  found  on  the  great  majority  of  farms  or 
in  the  great  mass  of  the  people. 


INOCULATION  FOR  TEXAS  FEVER. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Messrs.  W.  M.  Watkins  &  Sons,  of  Charlotte  coun- 
ty, Va.,  seem  to  think,  judging  from  their  letter  in 
your  November  number,  or  attempt  to  try  and  show 
that  inoculation  is  nothing  but  a  notion.  I  have  tried 
quantities  of  both,  salts  and  sulphur,  too.  I  venture 
to  say,  of  the  20  or  25  head  of  cattle  lost  from  our 
herd  within  the  past  two  or  three  years  from  tick- 
fever,  that  they  had  been  treated  to  more  than  100 
pounds  of  salts,  and  quite  a  lot  of  sulphur.  Nothing 
is  absolutely  safe  but  inoculation  and  parties  who 
contemplate  purchasing  p\ire-bred  cattle  to  carry  into 
ticky  districts,  should  secure  them  now  and  have  them 
inoculated  about  the  first  of  January  and  again  the 
first  of  March,  and  have  this  work  done  by  a  veteri- 
narian of  tick-fever  experience.  Salts  and  all  other 
remedies  failed  in  case  of  Mr.  R.  F.  Moss,  of  Booker, 
Va.,  and  likewise  in  case  of  the  Norfleets  at  Roxobel, 
N.  C,  and  if  others  would  testify  from  an  honest  p\>r- 
pose,  you  would  doubtless  be  surprised  to  know  the 
fatality  from  just  nothing  but  ticks. 

If  parties  who  want  immune  cattle  could  see  this 
Angus  bull,  they  would  soon  be  convinced  that  he  had 
battled  fearfully  with  ticks,  for  he  bears  the  scars  to 
convince  even  the  most  doubtful.  Aa  a  rule,  when 
you  find  a  cow,  sick  with  tick-fever,  she  is  then  too 
far  spent  for  salts  or  sulphur  even  should  they  be  the 
best  of  remedies. 

Being  thoroughly  convinced  of  these  facts  as  I  have 


768 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[December 


found  them  out  and  conclusively  pro%'en  them  to  be 
true,  I  stand  solidly  on  this  rock,  "Inoculation,"  and 
with  one  before  firmly  feel : 

"Come  one,  come  all,  this  Rock  shall  fly, 

From  its  firm  base  as  soon  as  T^.'  " 
Halifax  county,  N.  C.  C.  A.  Williams. 


LIVE  STOCK  SALES  IN  CHICAGO. 

The  American  Swineherd  of  Chicago  says  that 
market  alone  has  received  up  to  November  1st 
4G2,000  cattle  more  this  year  than  they  did  last,  and 
the  receipts  of  hogs  for  the  same  period  show  a  short- 
age of  400,000  as  compared  with  the  same  time  last 
year,  and  this  applies  to  one  market  only. 


FORAGE  CROPS  AND  PORK  PRODUCTION. 

It  is  well  known  that  swine  are  healthiest  and  do 
best  when  given  plenty  of  exercise  and  kept  in  sani- 
tary surroundings.  The  hog  in  a  state  of  nature  is  a 
clean  animal,  feeding  on  grass  and  herbs  and  having 
his  lair  in  some  secluded,  well  drained  spot.  He  also 
is  careful  about  his  domestic  habits — a  strange  con- 
trast to  the  degraded  creatures  which  are  so  often 
found  shut  up  in  filthy  pens  by  indifferent  owners. 
Where  such  conditions  prevail  it  is  not  surprising  to 
find  hog  cholera  a  dreaded  scourge.  If  these  same 
animals  were  given  the  run  of  a  large  pasture,  chol- 
era would  soon  disappear  and  they  would  become 
healthy,  contented  animals  paying  a  handsome  profit 
to  the  o^vner.  There  is  no  section  of  the  countrv 
where  some  grazing  crops  cannot  be  had  throughout 
the  greater  part  of  the  year.  Where  bluegrass  or 
other  tame  grasses  and  red  or  alfalfa  clover  can  be 
had,  they  are  excellent  for  the  purpose,  though  thev 
will  probably  not  fatten  animals  so  rapidly  as  a  good 
succession  of  crops  such  as  can  be  grown  in  manv 
localities.  In  this  respect  the  south  is  particularly 
favored,  for  a  succession  of  crops  can  be  had  from 
seven  to  nine  months  of  the  year,  or  throtighout  the 
entire  year,  if  one  includes  the  winter  growing  ce- 
reals. If  a  succession  is  properly  planned  it  is  quite 
possible  to  put  young  hogs  on  grazing  crops  in  the 
spring  and  with  a  limited  amount  of  meal,  finish 
them  for  the  market  by  November  or  December;  in 
other  words,  in  a  seven  to  nine  months'  grazing  period. 
This  means  the  production  of  extremely  cheap  pork. 

The  grazing  exjieriments  here  discussed  were  com- 
menced in  June,  1002,  at  the  Tennessee  experiment 
station  and  were  concluded  in  November  the  same 
year.  They  are  initial  and  subject  to  modification. 
The  succession  of  crops  used  was  winter  oats,  .Tune  2 
to  July  10:  cowpeas,  September  3  to  October  7,  and 
soy  beans  from  October  7  to  November  8.  The  hog# 
were  put  on  the  oats  when  the  grain  was  just  coming' 


into  head  and  were  not  turned  off  until  it  was  dead 
ripe.  They  were  put  on  the  first  lot  of  cow  peas 
when  the  plants  were  vining  and  were  turned  off  when 
it  was  in  full  bloom.  They  went  on  the  sorghum  when 
it  was  in  early  bloom  and  were  turned  off  when  it  was 
dead  ripe.  When  placed  on  the  second  lot  of  cowpeas 
the  pods  were  beginning  to  form ;  when  taken  off  there 
were  many  ripe  pods.  When  put  on  the  soy  beans  the 
pods  were  well  formed  and  the  plants  were  dead  ripe 
before  the  hogs  were  removed. 

Six  pigs  were  run  on  the  crops  mentioned.  While 
on  oats  and  cowpeas  they  received  corn  meal ;  while 
on  sorghum  and  matured  cowpeas  they  received  wheat 
meal :  and  while  on  the  soy  beans,  com  meal.  The 
meal  was  fed  at  the  rate  of  one  pound  per  head  per 
day.  The  gain  of  the  individual  hogs  was  as  follows: 
On  oats  one-half  pound,  on  young  cowpeas  one-half 
pound,  on  sorghum  one-quarter  pound ;  on  matured 
co^vpeas  one-half  pound ;  on  soy  beans  0.8  pound.  The 
six  pigs  weighed  240  pounds  when  they  went  on  these 
crops  and  745  pounds  when  they  came  off.  With  hogs 
of  the  M-eight  indicated,  an  acre  of  oats  would  have 
fed  six  pigs  248  days  or  82  hogs  15  days. 

An  acre  of  coAvpeas  just  vining  would  have  fed  six 
pigs  187  days:  sorghum,  six  pigs  C7  days:  cowpeas, 
six  pigs  113  days:  soy  beans,  six  pigs  for  124  days. 
This  would  be  at  the  rate  of  643  pounds  of  pork  from 
an  acre  of  oats ;  5G2  pounds  from  an  acre  of  partially 
ripened  cowpeas ;  400  pounds  from  sorghum ;  366 
pounds  from  matured  cowpeas,  and  600  pounds  from 
soy  beans.  Had  corn  meal  been  fed  with  the  cowpeas 
when  nearly  matured,  they  would  doubtless  have 
made  a  much  better  gain  than  that  indicated. 

These  fact?  show  beyond  the  question  of  reasonable 
doubt  that  soiling  crops  can  be  utilized  to  the  great- 
est advantage  in  the  production  of  pork  in  the  middle 
south,  and  that  a  large  amount  of  pork  can  be  secured 
from  an  acre  <^{  land  with  a  very  small  consumption 
of  grain.  A.  M.  Soule. 

Exp.  Station,  Tenn. 


CATTLE  QUARANTINE  IN  VIRGINIA. 

The  State  Veterinarian  issues  the  following  notice 
to  cattlemen,  railroad  companies  and  others  doing 
business  in  Virginia: 

Blacksefbo,  Va.,  Nov.  12.  1903. 

From  November  1,  1003,  to  January  31,  1904,  in- 
clusive, cattle  from  the  quarantined  district  of  the 
State  of  Virginia  may  be  moved  for  purposes  other 
than  immediate  slaughter  to  the  non-infected  area 
within  the  State  of  Virginia,  after  inspection  and 
upon  written  permission  by  an  inspector  of  the  Bu- 
reau of  Animal  Industry,  or  a  duly  authorized  in- 
spector of  the  State  of  Virginia. 

The  following  bureau  inspectors  vnU  inspect  cattle 
at  the  points  named  below,  viz. : 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 


769 


Dr.  J.  IL  Goode,  at  Roanoke,  Va. ;  Dr.  G.  C.  Fa- 
ville,  at  Norfolk ;  Dr.  Yingist,  at  Union  Stock  Yards, 
Riclunond,  and  Dr.  D.  C.  Han  await,  at  Lj-nchburg, 
Va. 

If  the  Boards  of  Supervisors  of  the  different  coun- 
ties wish  to  have  local  men  appointed  to  do  this  in- 
specting, in  order  to  move  cattle  to  the  non-infected 
area  of  this  State  (said  local  inspectors  to  be  ap- 
pointed at  the  expense  of  the  counties  where  the  in- 
specting is  done),  then  the  names  and  addresses  of 
these  men  who  are  recommended  by  the  supervisors 
to  do  this  work,  should  he  sent  to  the  office  of  the  State 
Veterinarian,  at  Blacksburg,  Va.,  at  once,  in  order 
that  said  local  inspectors  may  be  instructed,  duly 
authorized  and  appointed  by  the  Board  of  Control  of 
the  State  of  Virginia  to  inspect  cattle  from  the  quar- 
antine district  of  the  State,  and  when  said  cattle  are 
found  to  have  no  ticks  on  them,  then  the  inspector 
may  give  a  written  permission  allowing  these  cattle 
to  be  moved  across  the  quarantine  line. 

J.  G.  FERNEvnouGir, 
Slate  Veterinarian. 


A  BIT  OF  THE  RANGE. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Channing  next  boss !  A  gentle  shake  by  Sam  and 
then — as  the  patient  fails  to  realize  the  situation — a 
more  vigorous  shake,  this  does  the  business.  The 
"tenderfoot"  is  on  his  feet  and  has  his  toilet  complete 
just  as  the  train  pulls  into  the  pretty  little  town  of 
Channing,  Texas,  way  up  in  the  Pan  Handle  and 
right  pretty  it  certainly  was  that  November  morning 
at  2 :30  with  the  full  moon  shining  as  the  moon  shines 
only  on  the  great  plains.  Making  his  way  to  the  hotel 
to  finish  that  nap  the  writer  finds  the  concern  has 
changed  hands  since  last  winter,  the  jolly  Irishman 
has  given  place  to  a  more  staid  Yankee,  but  the  bell 
boy  is  the  same  and  with  a  fist  in  his  sleepy  eye  he 
welcomes  us  in  true  Texas  style.  We  are  soon  tucked 
away  in  a  cosy  bed  there  to  remain  a  couple  of  hours, 
then  up  and  breakfast  before  day.  Stepping  into  the 
office  after  breakfast  we  were  greeted  with  "Hello,  Mr. 
French  I  had  to  come  back  again  did  you  ?"  Turning 
I  was  glad  to  see  Mr.  Bob  Duke,  foreman  of  the  "Rito 
Blanco"  division  of  the  great  X.  I.  T.  ranch.  A  jolly 
good  fellow  is  Bob.  A  cow  man  every  inch  of  him. 
Soon  Col.  Boyce,  the  hustling  manager,  comes  in. 
After  he  has  told  a  couple  of  his  good  stories  and  we 
have  used  up  considerable  of  N.  C.  tobacco  he  re- 
marks, "The  boys  are  saddling  up  and  as  you  are  go- 
ing out  with  them  would  you  prefer  to  travel  in  the 
buggy  or  on  horseback  V  What  a  question  to  ask  a 
North  Carolinian  even  if  he  is  an  adopted  son.  I 
chose  the  saddle,  of  course,  and  so  "Pinto"  was 
brought  out — he  being  well  along  in  years  and  in  the 
opinion  of  the  boys  perfectly  safe  for  the  "Tender- 


foot" to  ride.  A  brisk  canter  of  four  miles  and  wo 
were  at  the  gate  opening  into  the  first  large  pasture — 
fifty  square  miles  in  extent.  Just  as  the  sun 
peaks  above  the-  horizon  we  halt  and  Bol 
gives  his  orders.  "Charlie,  you  and  Jim  work 
left  front,  Hank  you  take  left  centre,  George, 
Tom  and  I  will  work  right.  Mr.  French,  you 
can  work  center,  we  will  round  at  four  mile — a  wind 
mill  four  miles  from  the  starting  point."  Then  out 
they  circle,  and  who  that  has  not  been  there  can  realize 
what  it  means  to  gather  in  a  "round  up"  all  the  cattle 
on  fifty  square  miles  of  range.  In  the  course  of  an 
hour  or  two  black  cattle  are  appearing  in  groups  on 
the  horizon,  the  work  goes  on  and  by  noon  what  a 
sight!  Enough  to  swell  an  Angus  man  until  he 
"busts"  the  buttons  off  his  vest.  Eight  himdred  shiny 
black  beasts  coming  in  lines  from  all  directions  as  if 
they  knew  what  was  wanted  and  were  out  looking  for 
that  particular  wind  mill.  Soon  they  were  all  in  the 
bunch  and  seven  cow  boys  in  a  circle  about  them.  Bob 
remarks,  "Seeing  that  horse  fellow — the  boy  with  the 
bimch  of  G5  horses  from  which  to  select  remounts  for 
the  boys'  afternoon  work — isn't  in  sight  yet  we  had 
better  kill  a  beef  so  we  will  have  something  for  din- 
ner." Suiting  the  action  to  the  word  he  uncoils  his 
rope  and  that  red  calf  which  ought  to  have  been  bom 
black  anyway,  is  soon  on  the  gallop  across  the  plains 
toward  the  chuck  wagon,  making  a  good  deal  of  noise, 
I  will  admit,  but  game  to  the  last,  and  doing  much 
better  than  would  most  of  tis  in  his  place.  The  cook 
meets  him  a  few  rods  from  the  wagon,  "falls  on  his 
neck"  and  in  fifteen  minutes  the  boys  had  beef  for 
dinner,  and  such  beef,  beef  the  like  of  which  only  an 
Angus  knows  how  to  produce  and  a  plainsman  knows 
how  to  cook.  The  chuck  wagon  at  about  1  o'clock  was 
one  of  the  prettiest  sights  the  writer  ever  looked  upon. 
AnyAvay  it  appealed  to  him  in  a  manner  to  be  remem- 
bered. '  The  boys  seemed  to  see  beatity  in  it  also.  By 
the  way  they  come  on  the  gallop  at  the  signal  from 
Jack,  the  cook,  and  Jack  can  cook.  The  writer  hopes 
—on  account  of  his  health— to  never  again  be 
tempted  with  such  hot  rolls,  roast  beef,  pork  and 
beans,  baked  yams,  boiled  potatoes,  coffee,  etc.,  as 
Jack  set  before  us.  Take  it  away,  boys,  was  the  sig- 
nal for  everv  man  to  get  a  tinplate,  knife  and  fork, 
spoon  and  tin  cup,  and  then— T  blush  at  the  memory, 
and  for  hours  afterward  felt  for  that  Angus  calf. 
After  doing  justice  to  Jack's  dinner  the  writer's  rea! 
iL'orlc  begtm,  as  one  hundred  and  twenty  top  two  year 
old  heifers  were  to  be  cut  out  of  that  mass  of  eigi:t 
hundred  before  night.  Cutting  individual  wild  cat- 
tle oitt  of  a  large  bimch  is  no  boy's  play.  One  must 
select  the  animal  he  wants,  follow  her  closely  with 
his  horse  in  and  out  through  the  surging  mass,  grad- 


770 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[December 


ually  work  her  to  the  outside,  then  with  a  touch  of  the 
horse  with  the  spur  he  dashes  between  the  heifer  and 
her  mates,  by  dodging  and  whirling  manages  to  run 
h»T  several  rods  away,  when  a  couple  of  the  boys  give 
chase  and  run  her  to  the  new  bunch  that  is  being 
formed.  This  process  is  gone  through  with  in  the  case 
of  the  one  hundred  and  twenty  head,  and  just  at  night 
fall  we  start  them  off  toward  their  "bedding  ground" 
— where  they  are  to  be  guarded  for  the  night,  which 
place  is  near  where  the  chuck  wagon  is  stationed.  The 
said  chuck  wagon  had  been  in  the  writer's  thoughts 
for  some  time  previous  and  his  mind  had  strayed  back 
to  the  subject  at  more  frequent  intervals  for  the  past 
hour.  We  welcomed  Jack  as  a  brother  and  were  soon 
doing  justice  to  an  excellent  supper,  having  been 
joined  a  few  moments  before  by  several  of  the  boys 
from  one  of  the  southern  divisions  of  the  ranch.  We 
make  a  merry  crowd.  A  prize  is  offered  to  the  man 
who  can  tell  the  biggest  lie.  In  this  contest  the  writer 
got  nearly  to  the  "head  of  the  class." 

Soon  Bob  said  it  was  time  to  turn  in.  Each  man 
pulled  his  roll  of  bedding  from  the  top  of  the  wagon. 
A  long  strip  of  canvass,  6x14  feet,  three  woolen 
blankets  and  a  thin  feather  "tick"  is  the  outfit  for 
each  man.  The  end  of  the  canvass  is  laid  on  the 
ground,  the  tick  on  that,  one  blanket  under  the  sleeper 
two  blankets  the  other  end  the  canvass  over  and  the 
bed  is  made.  Bob  and  I  sleep  together.  "Better  pull 
that  canvass  over  your  head,  Alf.,  it  will  be  d — d 
frosty  before  morning."  We  followed  instructions 
and  after  taking  this  precaution  found  Bob  had  told 
the  truth  about  the  weather.  Along  in  the  night  we 
were  awakened  by  the  worst  noise  imaginable.  In- 
quiring Avhat's  the  trouble  was  informed  that  it  is 
Jack  calling  us  to  breakfast.  The  writer  has  often 
wished  for  a  more  extensive  wardrobe  but  can  truth- 
fully say  one  pair  of  trousers  was  all  he  cared  to  have 
to  pull  on  that  cold  morning.  In  about  thirty  min- 
uter we  had  dispatched  our  breakfast,  then — by  that 
time  it  being  light  enough  so  we  could  see  the  cattle — 
the  bunch  was  started  for  the  railway,  twelve  miles 
distant.  There  they  were  rested  until  the  following 
morning  when  just  before  day  they  were  loaded  on 
the  cars  and  the  long  trip,  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty 
miles,  was  begun.  Eleven  days  later  we  arrived  at  a 
little  station  in  North  Carolina.  Borrowing  a  neigh- 
bor's horse  the  writer  unloaded  the  "blacks"  and  drove 
tliem  four  miles  in  a  pouring  rain.  On  arriving  be- 
fore a  certain  house  we  were  greeted  with  "Papa's 
come!  Papa's  come!"  and  the  cow  hoy  and  girl  of 
to-morrow  arrived  on  the  scene. 

After  all,  there  really  is  "no  place  like  home." 
Rockingham  Co.,  N.  0.  A.  L.  Eeench. 


THE  WORLD'S   YEARS    BUTTER    FAT   RECORD 
BROKEN. 

Oharmante  of  the  Gron,  No.  14442,  was  imported 
by  Mr.  H.  McK.  Twombly  in  1901  from  the  herd  of 
Mr.  E.  A.  Hambro  of  Kent,  England.  She  was 
dropped  July  7,  1896,  and  is  registered  on  the  Island 
as  3944  P.  S.,  R.  G.  A.  S.  Her  sire  is  His  Majesty 
952  P.  S.,  R.  G.  A.  S.,  known  in  England  as  MaChar- 
mante  4890  E.  G.  H.  B.  She  was  bred  by  Mr.  J. 
Bourgaize,  Gron,  St.  Savior's,  Guernsey.  Charmante 
of  the  Gron  is  a  very  well  marked  cow,  of  good  dairy 
conformation,  with  excellent  udder,  and  a  great  credit 
to  the  breed  and  to  Mr.  Twombly's  choice  herd.  She 
dropped  a  bull  calf  October  6,  1902,  and  he  is  devel- 
oping into  an  animal  of  much  promise  and  is  known 
as  Florham  King,  No.  8401. 

Her  year's  record  began  October  11th,  1902,  and 
the  requirements  for  her  admission  to  The  Advanced 
Register  were  10,000  pounds  milk;  300  pounds  but- 
ter fat.    The  results  of  her  year's  work  are  as  follows : 

Milk.  , Butter  Fat. , 

Lbs.  Per  Ct.  Lbs. 

October  11-31, 693.56  4.9  33.98 

November   1,194.94  5.3  63.33 

December 1,142.25  5.4  61.68 

January   1,1 21.06  6.1  68.38 

February 1,019.25  5.7  58.10 

March    1,108.50  5.6  62.10 

April 997.40  6.0  59.84 

May 1,078.20  6.2  60.85 

June '.1,013.00  5.6  50.72 

Julv   864.85  5.7  49.30 

Au^st   769.45  5.7  43.86 

September 710.25  6.0  42.62 

October  1-10,  162.05  6.0  9.72 

This  record  was  supervised  in  connection  with  the 
New  Jersey  Agricultural  Experiment  Station.  Not 
only  does  the  work  of  the  year  greatly  exceed  the  re- 
quirements of  the  Register,  but  it  is  the  best  year's 
record  of  a  cow  of  any  breed  in  the  world,  where  pub- 
lic supervision  has  been  given  same.  It  is  equivalent 
to  789.2  pounds  of  butter,  or  an  average  of  2.16 
pounds  butter  a  day. 

Mr.  Jos.  L.  Ho]ie,  the  able  superintendent  of  Mr. 
Twombley's  Florham  Farms  gives  the  following  data 
as  to  the  feed  consumed  by  the  cow  during  the  year. 

Bran 1726  lbs. 

Gluten 833    " 

Cotton  seed  meal 160    " 

Linseed  meal 134    " 

Corn  meal 58    " 

Middlings    58    " 

Total    2969  lbs.,  or  8  lbs.  a  day. 

This  record  is  certainly  a  credit  to  the  cow  and  her 
ovmer,  and  to  the  careful  management  which  Mr. 
Hope  has  given  her.  Wm.  H.  Caldwelx. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


771 


The  Poultry  Yard. 


GRAIN  FOODS  FOR  LAYING  HENS. 

With  the  object  of  comparing  the  values  of  differ- 
ent kinds  of  grain  as  foods  for  laying  hens,  some  in- 
teresting experiments  have  been  carried  out  diiring 
the  past  few  years  under  the  direction  of  the  Techni- 
cal Instruction  Committee  of  the  Cornwall  Co.  Coun- 
cil. Thirty  pullets  were  selected  and  divided  into 
six  pens  of  five  birds  each.  The  nature  of  the  food 
given  to  each  pen  of  five  pullets  and  the  number  of 
eggs  laid  is  shown  in  the  statement  below : 

No.  eggs  laid 
Food.  in  12  months 

Half  maize  and  half  oats 732 

Wheat   723 

Maize    648 

Two-thirds  oats  and  one- third  maize 633 

Oats 545 

Barlev 447 


number  of  eggs  laid  in  the  twelve  months  was  no  less 
than  187,  or  34  per  cent,  in  excess  of  the  number  laid 
in  the  pen  fed  on  oats  alone. 

Oats,  therefore,  proved  an  admirable  poultry  food 
when  mixed  with  an  equal  weight  of  maize,  but  the 
value  of  this  mixture  was  reduced  when  the  propor- 
tion of  oats  to  maize  exceeded  one-half.  The  supe- 
riority of  this  mixture  over  all  other  foods  in  these 
experiments  is  emphasized  by  taking  the  figures  for 
the  year  ending  31st  of  March  last.  In  this  period, 
Pen  1,  wheat  alone,  yielded  561  eggs;  Pen  6,  maize 
alone,  yielded  546  e^^s ;  and  from  Pen  5,  mixture  of 
half  maize  and  half  oats,  701  eggs  were  obtained. — 
The  Farmers'  Gazette. 


Broadly  speaking,  all  the  pens  which  received 
maize  held  relatively  better  positions  during  the  last 
nine  months  of  the  experiments  than  in  the  first  three. 
The  pen  fed  on  wheat  laid  seventy-one  eggs  more  than 
either  of  the  other  pens  in  the  first  three  months,  but 
fell  to  second  position  with  only  four  eggs  more  than 
the  pen  fed  on  maize  in  the  last  nine  months,  and 
eighty-four  less  than  those  fed  on  half  maize  and  half 
oats.  Though  wheat  lost  ground  relatively  to  cer- 
tain other  foods,  during  the  latter  part  of  the  experi- 
ment, it  was  considered  not  improbable  that  it  might 
generally  prove,  as  shown  in  the  experiment,  the  bet- 
ter food  during  the  first  three  months  of  the  year. 
This  point  appeared  to  be  of  such  importance  that  ar- 
rangements were  made  to  continue  the  experiments  in 
the  first  three  months  of  1903,  with  the  three  pens 
Nos.  1,  5  and  6,  around  which  special  interest  cen- 
tered. The  results  of  these  latter  experiments  are 
shown  below : 

No.  eggs  laid 

Food.  in  3  months. 

!Maize 117 

"Wlieat   128 

Half  maize  and  half  oats 184 

It  is  held  that  if  the  results  of  these  experiments 
are  adverse  to  the  adoption  of  any  theory  as  to  the 
proper  ratios  of  nitrogenous  to  non-nitrogenous  sub- 
stance, they  throw  some  light  on  the  question  as  to 
the  value  of  the  different  grains.  This  is  especiallv 
true  of  barley  and  oats  when  used  alone.  Pen  4,  with 
one-third  maize  substituted  for  the  oats,  laid  eighty- 
eight  eggs  more  in  the  twelve  months  than  Pen  3,  fed 
on  oats  only,  and  when  the  percentage  of  maize  was 


still  further  raised  to  one-half,  the  difference  in  the   January  and  February. 


EGG-LAYING  BREEDS  COMPARED. 

One  of  the  most  elaborate  egg-laying  competitions 
on  record  was  recently  brought  off  in  Australia.  In 
this  test,  which  was  conducted  under  government  aus- 
pices, over  40  lots  of  pullets  competed.  Each  lot  of 
birds  was  provided  with  a  pen  of  6  feet  by  5^  feet, 
where  the  birds  were  kept  and  fed  for  six  months. 
The  prizes  were  offered  both  for  number  and  weight 
of  the  eggs  produced ;  an  account  was  kept  of  the  cost 
of  feeding  as  well  as  the  market  value  of  eggs. 

The  246  hens  competing  averaged  57  eggs  per  hen, 
but  the  largest  number  laid  was  by  a  variety  known 
as  the  Imperial,  each  hen  of  this  breed  producing  71 
eggs.  Six  pens  of  Silver  Wyandottes  averaged  70 ; 
eight  pens  of  Black  Orpingtons,  65 ;  and  five  lots  of 
Buff  Orpingtons  but  a  few  points  below,  nearly  65 ; 
then  followed  Buff  Wyandottes,  AVhite  Leghorns, 
Golden  Wyandottes,  White  Wyandottes,  and  White 
Orpingtons,  the  older  breeds — the  Andalusians  and 
the  Minoreas — coming  last  with  less  than  40  eggs. 

So  much  for  the  breeds,  but  when  we  come  to  indi- 
vidual pens  of  birds  we  find  that  the  black  Orping- 
tons took  the  first  place ;  a  lot  of  six  pullets  at  seven 
months  old  at  starting  laying  548  eggs,  averaging  26 
oiinces  to  the  dozen].  Silver  Wyandottes  at  eleven 
months  old  laid  510  eggs,  weighing  23  oiinces  per 
dozen  ;  the  remaining  breeds  producing  egffs  weighing 
two  ounces  each,  with  the  exception  of  the  Anconas, 
whose  eggs  weighed  26  ounces  to  the  dozen.  It  i8 
worthy  of  notice  thnt  throughout  the  whole  of  the 
competition  the  value  of  the  eggs  laid  was  $1.56  per 
hen,  which  after  deducting  the  cost  of  the  food  left  a 
profit  of  88  cents  each,  the  winning  Black  Orpingtons 
realizing  a  profit  of  $2.18  per  head.  Nine  pens  of 
birds  laid  less  than  400  eggs  in  the  six  months;  the 
most  productive  month  being  September,  followed 
bv  July  and  August,  corresponding  with  our  March, 


772 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[December 


The    Horse. 


NOTES. 

At  Montezeuma  Farm,  the  country  place  of  City 
Sergeant  James  C.  Smith,  in  Henrico  county,  near 
the  city,  the  liorses  are  doing  nicely.  Trainer  M.  F. 
Hanson  has  them  in  charge.  The  stable  includes 
Clarion,  2:15|,  b.  g.,  by  Riissell  Rex,  d.  Helice,  by 
Nerval ;  Estuary,  2  :19^,"ch.  h.,  by  Expedition,  2  :i5il, 
dam  Wavelet,  2:24^,  by  Belmont;  Eliza  Ingram, 
2:20^,  ch.  m.,  by  John  R.  Gentry,  2:00^,  dam  Blon- 
dette,  dam  of  Governor  Holt,  2:1.5,  by  Leland;  Hul- 
man,  2  :20,  br.  g.,  by  Quartermaster,  dam  Winnie  D., 
by  Hannis;  Miss  Thompson,  2  :20i,  br.  m.,  by  Too- 
dles,  Jr.,  dam  Primrose,  by  Hetzel's  Hambletonian ; 
Luminant,h.,  m.,  3,  by  Hummer,  dam  Lizzie  Mills, 
by  P.  Homer;  Zack,  ch.  g.,  +,  by  Sidney  Prince, 
2:21|,  dam  Thrift,  dam  Admiral,  2  :17i  and  of  Wil- 
lie Shaw,  2  :29:]-,  by  Meander;  Dr.  Floyd,  b.  g.,  5,  by 
Sidney  Prince,  dam,  the  dam  of  Albert  C,  2:16i,  by 
Clay ;  bay  colt,  1,  by  Toodles,  Jr.,  dam  Virginia 
Cooper,  Ijy  Bourbon  Baron,  second  dam  Virginia 
Maid,  dam  of  ifosul,  2:0!1|;  Ginger,  ch.  m.,  4,  by 
Guy  Fly,  dam  Virginia  Cooper;  Ephriam  Toodles, 
b.  c,  4,  by  Toodles,  Jr.,  dam  Baby  Dean,  by  Willis, 
and  Flower,  bay  mare,  pony,  by  Toodles,  Jr. 


Ephraim  Toodles,  the  bay  colt,  four  years  old,  by 
Toodles,  Jr.,  2.5291,  dam  "Baby  Dean,  by  Willis, 
1 2223,  son  of  Jay  Bird  ;  bred  and  owned  by  James  C. 
Smith,  is  probably  held  in  higher  regard  than  any 
other  trotter  in  the  IMontf^zpuma  Farm  stable.  Mr. 
Smith  has  owned  and  campaigned  ]\rosul,  2  :09^  ;  Ros- 
ter, 2  :12|,  and  a  score  of  others  with  fast  marks,  but 
this  scion  of  the  Toodles  family  on  the  score  of  good 
looks,  speed,  steadiness  and  disposition,  comes  nearer 
the  ideal  at  !Montezeuma  than  all  the  rest.  Weighted 
down  by  a  name  likely  to  handicap  the  average  per- 
former Ephraim  Toodles  trotted  the  Deep  Run  Hunt 
track  in  2  :20  last  season  as  a  three  year  old  and  came 
the  last  half,  which  is  an  uphill  grade,  in  1 :07^,  and 
finished  strong  at  that.  C.  A.  Pusoy  drove  him.  The 
youngster  has  not  been  handled  this  season,  but  will 
be  jogged  regiilarly  during  the  winter  and  go  into  ac- 
tive training  again  next  spring,  when  if  he  keeps 
right  much  is  expected  of  him.  Baby  Dean,  the  dam 
of  this  colt,  was  bred  by  Mr.  Joseph  Bryan  at  I^abur- 
num  Farm,  as  was  the  second  dam  Jennie  Dean,  by 
King  Bolt,  son  of  Lexington,  by  Boston  ;  and  Zopyra, 
the  third  dam,  by  Staunton,  son  of  Red  Eye,  also,  by 
Boston,  while  the  fourth  dam  was  Jennie  Dean,  a 
daughter  of  Boston. 

Jit      Jit      J» 

Baby  Dean,  the  dam  of  Ephraim  Toodles,  was  rid- 


den through  the  war  by  ilr.  Bryan  and  was  noted  for 
her  endurance.  Rather  a  remarkable  feature  in  the 
pedigree  of  Ephraim  Toodles  is  that  he  traces  directly 
to  Boston  4  times  through  his  dam,  while  through  the 
sire,  Toodles,  Jr.,  a  son  of  Odin  Bell,  1409  and  from 
Kate  Flight,  by  Red  Hawk,  son  of  Red  Eye,  he  gets 
another  cross  to  that  famous  son  of  Timoleon.  This 
is  breeding  which  will  doubtless  be  approved  by  those 
partial  to  copious  infusions  of  thoroughbred  blood. 


George  M.  Harden,  of  Raleigh,  one  of  the  best 
known  of  North  Carolina  horsemen,  has  returned 
home  after  quite  a  successful  campaign  through  the 
^Maryland,  Virginia  and  North  Carolina  circuits  of 
fairs  and  race  meetings.  AVith  Petronel,  2:19:},  by 
Expedition,  2:1.5jj',  dam  Petrol,  by  Onward,  he  won 
the  last  six  races  in  which  she  started  and  the  big 
chestnut  mare  is  still  eligible  to  the  2  :20  class.  The 
bay  mare  Amyline,  record  2  :30  this  season,  purchased 
not  long  siTice  of  Richard  Cromwell,  Jr.,  Baltimore, 
has  trialed  in  2  :20|  and  seems  likely  to  trot  fast  with 
further  development.  She  has  raised  two  colts.  Amy- 
line  was  sired  by  Egwood,  2  :18^,  dam  the  great  brood 
mare  Virginia  Maid,  dam  of  Mosiil,  2:09^,  etc.,  by 
Sam  Purdy.  The  bay  gelding  Sweet  Hector,  by  Di- 
rector, dam  Sweet  Alca,  by  Alcazar,  is  being  driven 
on  the  road.  John  Trotwood  Moore,  the  Tennessee 
bred  pacer,  bay  stallion,  4,  by  Hal  Wooldridge, 
worked  a  mile  in  2:22.  quarters  in  31  .V  seconds,  but 
was  not  started  this  season,  but  was  kept  over  and 
should  do  to  campaign  in  1904. 

Jt      Jt      Jt 

Robert  Bradley's  stable  of  runners  has  done  pretty 
well  at  Chicago  this  season,  being  credited  with  win- 
ning about  $13,000.  Racing  for  the  season  has  ended 
at  the  "Windy  City"  and  the  stable  is  now  at  the  Ben- 
nings  track,  Washington,  D.  C,  taking  part  in  the 
meeting  of  the  Washington  Jockey  Club.  Peter  Paul, 
the  two  year  old  son  of  Aloha  and  Eminence,  by  imp. 
Kkyrle  Daly,  wht>  was  such  a  consistent  winner  dur- 
ing the  early  part  of  the  season,  is  being  given  a  well 
earned  rest  and  ^fr.  Bradley  looks  upon  him  as  the 
winner  of  the  C^hicago  Derby  for  1904.  From  Wash- 
ington the  stable  will  be  shipped  to  the  Bradley  Farm, 
Wilcox  Wharf,  Va.,  and  wintered  there.  Among  l^^r. 
Bradlev's  yearlings,  most  of  Avhom  are  by  Aloha,  the 
sire  of  Robert  Waddell,  are  some  prospects  and  from 
the  lot  hi^  looks  for  several  real  good  ones,  probably 
the  equal  of  Peter  Paul. 

The  Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute  Riding  Club 


1903.J 


THE  SOUTHEEI^  PLANTER. 


773 


has  recently  been  organized  at  Blacksburg,  Va.,  and 
its  future  outlook  is  bright.  Later  this  organization 
will  be  most  likely  merged  into  a  hunt  club.  Dr.  J. 
G.  Ferneyhough,  the  State  Veterinarian  at  Blacks- 
burg, is  president;  Prof.  Bolton  McBryde,  vice-pres- 
ident; Maj.  T.  G.  W(X)d,  secretary  and  treasurer. 
Among  those  who  ride  with  the  club  are  Professors 
McBryde,  Wilson,  Dabney,  Moncure,  Ferneyhough, 
Dr.  Ferneyhough,  Mr.  Dabney,  Cadet  R.  E.  Ferney- 
hough, -^laj.  ^Yood,  Mrs.  Rasche  and  Misses  Virginia 
and  Picket  Heath,  Ethel  Lockwood,  Susie  McBryde 
and  Claude  Lacy.  Dr.  Ferneyhough,  president  of  the 
club,  has  recently  purcha.sed  for  a  hunter,  the  hand- 
some thoroughbred  gelding  by  Eric,  dam  Gipsey  Girl, 
and  changed  his  name  from  Commonwealth  to  Tem- 
pest. 

J(      Jt      Jt 

A  very  prominent  performer  on  the  great  Harlem 
River  Speedway,  N"ew  York,  is  the  chestnut  gelding 
Angelus,  2 :1'2^,  a  Virginia  bred  trotter,  who  was 
foaled  in  1891  and  made  his  record  at  Cleveland  in 
1806.  This  tall  son  of  the  dead  pacing  stallion  Whit- 
by, 2  :18^,  and  Winnifred,  by  Brennan,  thoroughbred 
son  of  Orion,  was  bred  by  the  late  Thomas  M.  Hewitt, 
of  North  Bend  Farm,  near  Weyanoke.  on  the  James 
river,  and  was  always  speedy  from  his  yearling  form 
up.  Neilson,  grand  dam  of  Angelus,  produced  the 
big  bay  gelding  Roy,  2  :30,  the  only  standard  per- 
former to  the  credit  of  Carlos,  the  son  of  Crottendon 
that  formerly  headed  the  stud  of  the  late  Col.  J.  L. 
Carrington.  Neilson  was  sired  by  Star  of  the  West, 
son  of  Curies,  by  Revenue,  and  back  of  this  thorougli- 
bred  infusion  came  a  cross  of  Morgan  blood. 

Jay  Boy,  31144,  the  big  bay  stallion  by  Wilkes 
Boy,  o-rnied  by  E.  A.  Woodell,  formerly  of  Danville, 
Va.,  but  now  of  Atlanta,  Georgia,  is  in  winter  quar- 
ters near  the  latter  city.  Jay  Boy  trotted  a  trial  in 
2:15:|  in  1902,  but  trained  off  and  was  never  able  to 
shoM-  his  true  form  in  a  race.  The  son  of  Wilkes  Boy, 
however,  made  good  this  fall  and  won  a  couple  of 
races  during  the  same  week  at  Birmingham,  Ala.,  in 
October  and  trotted  to  a  record  of  2  :22-|.  Jay  Boy 
was  foaled  in  1894  and  bred  by  J.  W.  Bethell,  of 
Sharp,  N.  C,  who  o-\\nied  his  dam  Lena  Wilkes,  a 
daughter  of  Jay  Bird  and  Patchena,  by  Mambriuo 
Patehen,  .')8. 

^      J»      Jt 

Mr.  A.  B.  Gwathmey.  of  New  York,  has  sold  to  E. 
E.  Taylor,  Washington,  D.  C,  the  fast  trotter  Forney, 
2  :194 ;  bred  on  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Virginia,  and 
sired  by  Sidney  Prince,  dam  by  Bendee.  When  just 
right  this  horse  can  show  a  half  close  to  one  minute 
and  has  stepped  shorter  distance  at  even  faster  rate 
of  speed.  Mr.  Gwathmey  was  not  over  anxious  to 
part  with  Forney,  but  owning  Tiverton.  2  :llr| :  Sena- 
tor Mills,  2  :12i.  king  of  the  Harlem  River  Speed- 


way, and  other  crack  performers,  he  consented  to  dis- 
pose of  the  Sidney  Prince  gelding. 
^     j»     j» 

The  stable  of  steeplechase  horses,  eleven  in  num- 
ber, o^^^^ed  by  the  former  Virginians,  Messrs.  A.  B. 
and  J.  Temple  Gwathmey,  father  and  son,  of  the  Cot> 
ton  Exchange,  New  York,  who  race  under  the  non  de 
plume  of  "Mr.  Cotton,"  has  been  sent  to  Canada  to 
be  wintered.  The  Messrs.  Gwathmey's-  stable  in 
eludes  the  well  kno'wn  brown  gelding  Eophone,  6,  by 
imp.  Rigolette,  dam  Vestalia,  by  Tom  Ochiltree,  bred 
by  Robert  Neville.  Welbo\irne,  Va. 

Sidney  Clay,  bay  gelding,  4,  bred  on  the  Eastern 
Shore  of  Virginia,  and  sold  during  the  summer  from 
Foxhall  Farm,  Norfolk,  Va.,  to  E.  E.  McCargo,  of 
Philadelphia,  is  showing  up  well  in  his  work,  having 
recently  shown  miles  close  to  2 :15.  This  horse  was 
sired  by  Sidney  Prince,  2 :21:},  dam  Miss  Clay,  by 
Clay,  the  son  of  Walker  Morrill.  He  is  highly 
thought  of  by  Mr.  McCargo,  who  found  him  very 
erratic  in  the  beginning,  but  has  now  gained  his  con- 
fidence and  looks  for  the  gelding  to  go  very  fast  in 

1904. 

jt      j(      jt 

"West  Cairns,"  the  picturesque  home  of  the  young 
authors,  students  of  pedigrees  and  breeders  of  thor- 
oughbred horses,  Kenneth  Browne  and  H.  B.  Boone, 
near  Charlottesville,  has  been  leased  by  its  o^vners 
for  a  couple  of  years.  Mr.  Browne  has  removed  to 
New  York  to  continue  literary  work,  and  Mr.  Boone 
goes  to  Italy,  where  he  will  study  art.  Messrs.  Browne 
and  Boone  own  the  stallion  Chiswick,  son  of  imp. 
Mr.  Pickwick,  and  some  choicely  bred  brood  mares 
and  colts. 

^      ^      jt 

White  Oak  Maid,  the  high  stepping  trottingbred 
mare,  with  whom  Mr.  Reginald  Vanderbilt  captured 
several  prizes  at  the  New  York  Horse  Show,  was  pur- 
chased during  the  past  winter  by  Mr.  Vanderbilt 
from  Jack  Spratley,  Dendron,  Va.  The  latter  ob- 
tained the  mare  in  Kentucky  and  brought  her  to  his 
farm  in  Sussex  county,  Va. 

At  the  fall  meeting  of  the  Los  Angeles  Racing  As- 
sociation, Los  Angeles,  Ca.,  the  Virginia  thorough- 
bred sires,  Eon  and  imp.  Water  Level,  were  each  rep- 
resented by  winners  of  the  races.  Eon  heads  the 
stud  of  Capt.  R.  J.  Hancock  i^-  Son,  while  Water  Level 
is  premier  at  the  Annita  Stud,  of  A.  D.  Payne. 
jt      J*      jt 

The  EUerslie  bred  filly,  Chanterelle,  4,  by  imp. 
Charox\is,  dam  Ada  Belle,  by  Eolus,  has  won  several 
races  at  Latonia  this  fall.  Chanterelle  started  in  a 
number  of  races  during  1903,  winning  three  and  fin- 
ishing second  and  third  in  some  half  dozen  others. 

Broad  Rock. 


T74 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[Eecember 


Miscellaneous. 


THE  GREAT  ROANOKE  FAIR. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

Although  rather  late  a  few  words  should  be  pub- 
lished in  the  Southern  Planter  in  regard  to  the  first 
fair  of  the  Roanoke  Industrial  and  Agricultural  As- 
sociation, which  was  held  at  Roanoke,  Va.,  on  Octo- 
ber 23-24.  We  had  expected  the  editor  of  your  val- 
uable journal  to  accompany  Governor  Montague  to 
the  fair,  and  to  have  had  the  pleasure  of  reading  an 
account  of  this  great  exposition  of  Southwestern  Vir- 
ginia's resources  from  his  smooth-flowing  editorial 
pen.  In  this,  however,  we  were  all  disappointed; 
and  then  in  the  following  week,  after  all  the  accounts 
and  expenses,  including  premiums,  had  been  settled, 
it  was  too  late  to  send  a  report  for  publication  in  your 
November  issue. 

It  may  be  said,  however,  that  the  fair  was  a  great 
success  in  every  respect.  Certainly,  financially,  for 
a  profit  of  several  thousand  dollars  was  made.  We 
doubt  if  a  better  attended  fair  was  ever  held  in  Vir- 
ginia. The  grounds  were  thronged  every  day,  and 
immense  audiences  heai'd  Senator  Daniel,  on  Thurs- 
day, and  Governor  Montague  on  Saturday. 

The  horse  display  comprised  horses  for  breeding 
purposes,  standard-bred  trotters,  heavy  drafts,  saddle 
horses,  coach  and  carriage  horses,  light  draft,  trot- 
ting-bred  non-standard,  dray,  express  and  fire  horses, 
family  carriage  horses,  horses  for  business  and  pleas- 
ure, saddle  horses,  roadsters,  ponies,  mules,  jacks  and 
jennets. 

Virginia  and  West  Virginia  were  represented  in 
the  cattle  department  by  their  choicest  specimens  of 
the  beef  breeds.  S.  W.  Anderson,  of  Greenbrier 
county.  West  Virginia,  showed  his  fine  Ingleside  herd 
of  pure-bred  Hereford  cattle,  at  the  head  of  which  was 
the  noted  bull,  "Van." 

Shorthorn,  Aberdeen- Angus  and  Hereford  cattle 
were  exhibited  by  the  Agricultural  Department  of  the 
Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute,  of  Blaeksburg,  Va., 
through  the  courtesy  of  D.  0.  Nourse,  Professor  of 
Agriculture.  The  thoroughbred  bull,  "Governor  Ty- 
ler," which  di-ew  first  premium  over  seven  herds  at 
the  district  fair  held  this  fall  at  Radford,  Va.,  headed 
the  Shorthorns  from  this  institution,  which  also  had 
on  exhibition  the  thoroughbred  Aberdeen-Angus  biill, 
"Fife." 

Recistered  Holstein-Eriesian  cattle  were  shown  by 
C.  T.  Lukens,  B.  P.  HuflF  and  Joseph  A.  Turner.  At 
the  head  of  the  herd  of  registered  Herefords,  entered 


by  Haynes  L.  Morgan,  of  Saltville,  Va.,  was  the  fine 
bull,  "Marmaduke."  There  were  also  a  number  of 
head  of  Jersey,  Devon,  Ayrshire,  Guernsey  and  other 
dairy  breeds  on  exhibition. 

For  cereals,  root  crops,  vegetables,  fruit,  plants 
and  flowers,  as  also  for  poultry,  large  tents  were  pro- 
vided, the  time  having  been  too  short  for  the  erection 
of  buildings.  The  display  in  each  of  these  depart- 
ments was  creditable. 

In  a  room,  50  by  1 50  feet,  under  the  grand  stand, 
were  the  art  and  domestic  departments..  The  former 
in  addition  to  paintings,  drawings,  crayon  work,  etc., 
included  needlework  and  embroidery.  The  domestic 
department  embraced  bread,  cakes  and  pastry,  butter, 
preserves,  jellies,  honey  and  vegetables  and  fruit  in 
glass  jars,  as  also  home-made  wines  and  cordials. 
These  departments  were  in  charge  of  ladies,  by  whom 
the  room  had  been  most  elaborately  and  beautifully 
decorated. 

Agricultural  implements  and  machinery,  farm 
wagons,  plows,  traction  engines,  portable  saw-mills, 
farm  gates  and  fences  and  miscellaneoiis  farm  neces- 
sities covered  several  acres  in  the  northeastern  comer 
of  the  grounds.  The  leading  manufacturers  of  the 
country  were  represented. 

The  races — trotting,  pacing  and  running — were 
very  attractive,  and  the  large  grand  stand,  the  quar- 
ter-stretch, and  every  advantage  point  from  which  the 
hotly  contested  races  coiild  be  seen,  were  crowded. 
0.  M.  C,  a  Baltimore  horse  entered  by  William  Nich- 
olson, of  Greensboro,  N.  f '.,  established  a  track  record 
of  2  :t5^  for  the  new  course.  An  unfortunate  acci- 
dent occurred  in  the  seven-eighths  mile  dash,  when  the 
chestnut  mare,  "Flat  Denial,"  owned  by  0.  E.  Jor- 
dan, of  Dublin,  Va.,  broke  a  leg  and  had  to  he  killed. 

The  ladies'  and  gentlemen's  riding  contests  were 
exceedingly  interesting  events.  Eight  ladies,  of  the 
host  families  of  that  section  of  Virginia,  competed  in 
the  former.  The  blue  ribbon,  which  carried  with  it 
prizes  of  over  $100  in  value,  went  to  Miss  Louise 
Price,  of  Botetourt  county,  a  most  graceful  rider. 
l\f  iss  Vorta  Phelps,  of  Cave  Spring,  took  second ;  and 
Mrs.  Cosby,  of  Roanoke  county,  third.  Colonel  W. 
W.  Berkley,  a  dashing  rider,  was  awarded  the  blue 
ribbon  in  the  gentlemen's  contest,  with  Dr.  Bragg 
second. 

The  undorsiijiied,  who  came  from  Pennsylvania  to 
officiate  as  manager,  had  the  benefit  of  the  liberality 
and  indefatisahle  energv  of  the  officers  and  executive 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER 


775 


committee,  so  indispensable  to  the  achievement  of  suc- 
cess. It  was  their  perseverance  and  co-operation  that 
resulted  in  the  equipment  of  the  new  fair  grounds  in 
the  almost  incredible  time  of  six  weeks.  In  that  time 
the  grounds  were  enclosed  with  a  14-foot  high  fence 
which  measured  one  and  a  half  miles  around ;  a  first- 
class  half-mile  track  was  constructed ;  a  commodious 
grand-stand,  with  seats  for  1,600  persons  built,  sev- 
eral hundred  horse  stables  and  cattle  stalls  provided, 
the  box  stalls  for  the  trotting  horses  being  especially 
fine ;  and  macademized  walks  were  laid  out  all  over 
the  place.  But,  then,  the  weather  was  very  favorable, 
there  having  been  rain  only  twice,  and  then  at  night, 
during  the  six  weeks. 

The  officers  and  executive  committee  who  labored 
so  hard  to  bring  about  success,  and  who  are  deserving 
of  particular  commendation,  are  as  follows:  Presi- 
dent, James  P.  Woods :  Vice-President,  Edward  L. 
Stone;  Secretary,  W.  L.  Andrews;  Treasurer,  R.  H. 
Angell,  and  P.  H.  Angell,  A.  L.  Sibert,  Louis  Scholz, 
J.  H.  Wingate  and  Henry  Scholz,  members  of  the 
Executive  Committee.  Cykus  T.  Fox. 

[Pressure  of  business  prevented  out  attendance  at 
the  fair  much  to  our  regret.  We  congratulate  the  So 
ciety  on  the  success  achieved  and  Mr.  Fox  (a  tried  old 
fair  veteran)  on  his  excellent  management. — Ed.] 


COLD  STORAGE  ON  THE  FARM. 

Editor  Southern  Planter: 

The  ice  house  T  shall  describe  is  biiilt  in  a  hillside 
of  such  a  slope  that  the  first  floor  is  on  the  level  of  the 
surface  and  the  second  floor  a  few  feet  above  the  sur- 
face at  the  other  side.  Wliere  such  a  situation  is  not 
convenient  the  second  floor  can  be  approached  by  a 
bridge.    The  basement  is  used  for  storing  fruit. 

Tn  localities  where  field  stone  is  plentiful  the  cellar 
can  be  cheaply  built  by  using  the  stone  in  cement, 
making  a  gi-ound  wall.  Broad  2-in.  planks  were  held 
in  place  by  substantial  staging  to  form  a  box  having  a 
width  of  IS  inches.  Into  this  box  the  dry  stones  were 
placed.  Small  stones  may  be  shovelled  in.  After  get- 
ting a  layer  10  inches  thick,  iliin  mortar  composed  of 
good  lime  and  cement  was  poured  in  until  the  box  was 
filled.  The  operation  was  repeated,  moving  the 
planks  upward  as  the  mortar  set  until  the  desired 
height  had  been  built. 

Sills  S  inches  by  12  inches  were  placed  flatwise  on 
these  walls  on  which  studding  2  by  6  inches  was  toe- 
nailed. The  stTidding  was  weather  boarded  on  the 
outside  and  lined  closely  on  the  inside  with  inch 
boards.  This  constituted  an  air  chamber  6  inches 
wide  aromid  the  entire  building.     Studding  2  bv  4 


inches  was  toe-nailed  flush  with  the  inner  face  of  eacli 
sill  and  closely  lined  with  1-inch  boards.  As  the  inner 
surface  was  being  lined  sawdust  was  filled  between 
the  inner  and  middle  lining,  thus  forming  another 
non-conductor  of  external  heat. 

The  upper  story  of  the  building  is  used  for  storing 
ice,  thus  cooling  the  air  in  the  top  of  the  building 
which  sinks  and  in  turn  cools  the  rooms  below.  This 
is  the  general  principle  that  governs  the  construction 
of  all  storage  houses  that  depend  on  ice  for  the  pro- 
duction of  a  low  temperature.  This  second  story  is 
divided  into  two  rooms,  one  of  which  is  the  ice  stora^ 
room  in  which  the  supply  of  ice  is  stored  and  the  other 
is  the  ice  chamber,  in  which  is  held  the  ice  that  cools 
the  refrigerating  room  directly  below  it.  A  dooi^— 
there  are  two  doors,  one  above  the  other  in  the  parti- 
tion dividing  the  upper  and  lower  rooms — in  the  ice 
chamber  communicates  with  the  outside.  This  is 
double,  having  both  air  and  sawdust  chambers,  and  is 
flared  as  are  the  doors  of  a  fire-proof  safe.  It  is  iised 
for  unloading  ice  and  is  the  only  outside  entrance  into 
the  second  story.  The  refrigerating  room  in  the  first 
floor  is  the  compartment  in  which  the  temperature  is 
to  be  reduced  and  in  which  perishable  products  are  to 
be  stored.  Leading  into  this  room  is  a  cooling  room 
which  is  to  be  used  as  a  general  purpose  storage  cellar. 
A  small  entrance  room  protects  the  doorway  leading 
into  the  cooling  room.  This  is  the  only  entrance  to 
the  first  floor. 

The  flooring  is  laid  tight  in  the  storage  room  and 
provided  with  a  slope  of  2  inches  toward  the  center. 
To  prevent  leakage  the  floor  of  this  room  has  a  sheet 
iron  covering.  In  the  ice  chamber  adjoining,  the  floor 
is  laid  with  2  by  4's  set  on  edge  with  1-inch  spaces  be- 
tween. This  provides  for  air  circulation  and  water 
drainage.  The  sloping  floor  beneath  leads  the  water 
into  a  gutter  which  carries  it  down  and  out  through 
the  cooling  room.  The  floor  striicture  of  the  second 
story  must  be  strong  and  well  braced  so  as  to  carry 
the  heavy  load  placed  upon  it.  Heavy  staging  carry- 
ing 2x12  inch  joists  will  give  ample  support  for  tlie 
ice  chamber  and  storage  room. 

The  roof  to  the  second  story  should  be  built  so  as  to 
make  it  as  near  a  non-conductor  of  heat  as  possible. 
Dead  air  spaces  are  the  cheapest  and  most  easily  con- 
structed non-conductors.  This  is  essential  in  the  ceil- 
ing as  it  has  the  double  duty  to  perform  of  holding 
the  cold  in  and  keeping  the  heat  oiit.  A  large  attic  is 
provided,  roofed  with  shingles.  IMetal  should  never 
be  used.  The  ceiling  in  the  second  story  is  provided 
with  ventilator  shafts  so  that  perfect  ventilation  can 
be  secured  during  cold  weather. 

A\niere  drain  tile  can  be  had  what  is  known  as  ■?■ 


776 


THE  SOUTHERX  PLAXTEK. 


[December 


y  joint  in  the  drain  will  provide  for  the  escape  of 
water  and  prevent  the  ingress  of  air.  A  box  drain 
with  an  opening  2  inches  square  can  be  constructed 
where  tile  cannot  be  obtained  by  any  ordinary  me- 
chanic. The  Y-shaped  part  is  constantly  filled  with 
water  and  prevents  the  ingress  of  air.  The  draiu  is 
placed  at  such  a  slope  that  when  the  V  becomes  full 
the  surplus  flows  from  the  ice  house. 

The  ice  pond  is  near  the  house,  almost  on  a  level 
with  the  top  floor.  In  filling  the  ice  is  pounded  so  as 
to  have  as  few  air  spaces  as  possible.  After  melting 
about  4  inches  from  the  sides  of  the  storage  room  the 
space  is  filled  with  sawdust  and  the  ice  should  also  be 
covered  on  top  about  a  foot  deep.  In  warm  latitudes 
a  grove  to  ward  off  the  intense  summer  heat  is  desira- 
ble. If  there  is  no  grove  plant  about  a  dozen  North 
Carolina  poplars,  a  rapid  growing  tree,  on  the  east, 
south  and  west  sides.  Geo.  II.  C.  Williams. 

Washwgtov,  P.  C, 


CROWN  GALL  OF  APPLE  TREES. 

The  Virginia  Experiment  Station  has  been  con- 
ducting investigation  into  this  disease  now  common 
on  nursery  stock  in  this  State.  In  the  course  of  the 
investigation  the  station  has  clearly  ascertained 
that  trees  of  the  finest  vigor  yield  readily  to  the  at- 
tacks of  the  disease.  Observation  of  recently  planted 
orchards  show  that  it  is  not  usual  for  trees  showing 
an  attack  of  the  disease  to  form  a  normal  root  system. 
The  root  system  is  weak  and  confined  to  the  surface. 
Such  trees  can  be  readily  shaken  thus  revealing  lack 
of  depth  of  the  root  system.  The  Mycologist  is  also 
of  opinion  that  badly  diseased  trees  such  as  are  now 
very  commonly  found  in  nursery  stock  will  not  ordi- 
narily come  into  fruiting.  The  conclusions  reached 
are  as  follows : 

1.  The  organism  which  produces  the  abnormal 
UTO'wth  known  as  crown  gall  on  the  apple  appears  to 
gain  entrance  to  the  apple  seedling  in  the  nursery. 

2.  The  diseased  seedlings  can  be  detected  by  inspec- 
tion. The  unusual  amount  of  fibrous  roots  at  and  be- 
low the  crown  being  the  characteristic  depended  upon 
for  recognition  of  the  trouble. 

3.  Nurserymen  can  select  the  seedlings  used  so  as 
ro  largely  control  this  trouble.  No  one  should  ex- 
pect to  entirely  prevent  its  occurrence  in  the  nursery 
now  that  it  has  become  so  wide  spread. 

4.  Persons  planting  fruit  trees  should  reject  with 
the  greatest  care  all  trees  which  show  the  cancerous 
growth  about  the  crown  or  a  sufficiently  abnormal  de- 
velopment of  fibrous  roots  about  the  crown  to  warrant 
Nelief  that  the  plants  are  diseased.     One  should  not 


confound  the  knots  caused  by  wooly  aphis  with  this 
disease. 

5.  Apparently,  crown  gall  can  be  readily  inocu- 
lated from  a  diseased  plant  into  healthy  ones,  hence 
diseased  plants  should  not  be  allowed  to  remain  among 
healthy  ones  in  the  orchard.  Cultivating  the  orchard 
may  possibly  serve  to  spread  the  disease  by  carrying 
diseased  tissue  from  one  tree  to  another,  but  we  have 
not  definite  date  to  cite  in  STipport  of  this  proposition. 
Wm.  B.  At.wood, 

Exp.  Station.  Blaclsburg,  Va.      Mycologist,  etc. 


GOOD  ROADS. 

Washington,  T).  C,  Nov.  19,  1903. 

Congressman  W.  P.  Brownlow,  of  Tennessee,  to- 
day reintroduced  in  the  House  his  well  known  good 
roads  bill.  .4cting  on  the  criticisms  of  opponents  and 
the  suggestions  of  friend,  ("olonel  Brownlow  has  re- 
vised the  bill  somewhat,  but  all  the  important  features 
have  been  preserved.  The  new  bill  appropriates 
$24,000,000  to  be  used  as  a  fund  for  national  aid  in 
the  improvements  of  highways.  This  sum  is  made 
available  during  the  next  three  years,  at  the  rate  of 
eight  millions  annually.  No  State  or  sub-division 
thereof  can  secure  any  part  of  this  fund  without  rais- 
ing an  amount  equal  to  the  share  received.  The  dis- 
tribution among  the  several  States  and  territories  is 
to  be  made  on  an  equitable  basis  so  as  to  leave  no  room 
for  "log-rolling."  In  reference  to  the  bill.  Colonel 
Brownlow  said  to-day : 

"I  think  my  good  roads  measure  has  made  wonder- 
ful progress  during  the  past  year.  Conventions  all 
over  the  country  have  endorsed  it.  and  a  number  of 
State  legislatures  have  adopted  resolutions  in  favor 
of  it.  The  number  of  public  men  who  have  come  out 
for  it  has  exceeded  my  highest  expectations.  In  the 
West  and  South  the  sentiment  for  the  bill  is  espe- 
cially strong.  A  large  number  of  Senators  and  mem- 
bers from  those  sections  have  assured  me  of  their  will- 
ingness to  sTipport  the  measure,  and  it  will  also  have 
some  strong  support  from  the  Eastern  States  where 
State  aid  has  paved  the  way  for  National  aid.  I  can't 
see  how  any  man  representing  a  rural  constituency 
can  vote  for  a  rivor  and  harbor  bill  and  refuse  to  vote 
for  my  bill.  And  I  don't  see  how  any  one  who  wants 
the  rural  free  mail  delivery  extended  in  his  State  or 
district  can  refuse  to  support  a  measure  to  aid  in  im- 
proving the  roads,  for  bad  roads  are  almost  the  sole 
obstacle  to  such  extensions.  I  am  hopeful  of  getting 
the  bill  up  for  discussion  in  the  House  early  in  the 
regular  session." 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


777 


THE 


Southern  Planter 


l-UBLISHED  BY 


'/P'Y. 


richmond,  va. 
Issued  on  Ist  of  each  Month. 


J.  F.  JACKSON, 
Editor  and  General  Manager. 

B.  MORGAN  SHEPHERD, 
BusiNEas  Manager. 


TERMS   FOR  ADVERTISING. 
Rate  card  furnished  od  application. 


TERMS  FOR  SUBSCRIPTION. 

THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER  is  maUed  to 
subscribers  Id  the  United  State*  and  Ca>a4a 
at  60c.  per  annum;  all  fcrelm  countries  ant 
the  city  of  Richmond.  76c. 

REMITTANCES  should  be  made  direct  to 
this  oflBce.  either  by  R«(lBtered  Letter  «■ 
Money  Order,  which  will  be  at  our  risk.  Whep 
made  otherwise  we  cannot  be  respoaslble. 

ALWAYS  GIVE  THE  NAME  of  tke  Post- 
Offlce  to  which  your  paper  is  sent.  Tour 
name  cannot  be  found  on  our  books  ualess 
this  Is  done. 

WE  I.VVITE  FARMERS  to  write  US  on  aay 
agricultural  topic.  We  are  always  pleased  t« 
receive  practical  articles.  Criticism  of  Arti- 
cles, Suggestions  How  t*  Improve  THE 
PLANTER,  DeseripUens  ef  New  9ntMM, 
Roots,  or  Vecetablee  set  generally  kaewB, 
Particulars  of  Experiments  tried,  or  Impreved 
Methods  of  Cultivation  are  each  an4  all  wel- 
come. Contributions  sent  us  must  aet  be 
furnished  other  papers  until  after  they  haye 
appeared  In  our  columns.  Rejected  matter 
will  be  returned  on  receipt  ef  pestace. 

SUBSCRIBERS  falling  to  receive  tkelr  paper 
promptly  and  regularly,  will  confer  a  favor 
by  reporting  the  fact  at  eace. 

THE  DATE  ON  YOUR  LABEL  shows  to 
what  time  your  subscription  Is  paid. 

NO  ANONYMOUS  commualcatlens  or  en- 
quiries will  recelTe  atteatlsa. 

AddreM—  THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 

RICHMOND,   VA. 


DETAIL  INDEX  TO  ENQUIRER'S 
COLUMN. 

Cotton  Seed  Hulls,  etc 754 

Com  on  Wire  Grass  Land 754 

Farm  Management  755 

Barren  Corn  Stalks 755 

White  Pine  755 

Broomsedge — Red  Jersey  Hogs...   756 

Keeping  Sausage  Meat 756 

Curing  Hams  757 

Cotton  Opening — Draining  Land- 
Feeding  Pumpkins   757 

Cabbage  Growing — Canada  Peas. .   757 
Protecting    Cabbage     Plants — Ma- 
nuring for  Cabbages  758 

Stencil  Ink   758 

Drain  Tiles  758 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  nnm- 
ber«  can  be  had  for  25  cents.  AddreM 
our  Business  Oflce. 


PUBLISHER'S  NOTES. 


TO    ADVERTISERS. 


All  advertisements  and  matter 
pertaining  to  advertising  must 
reach  us  by  the  25th  of  each 
month.     Please  bear  this  in  mind. 


Mention    the    Southern    Planter    la 
wrltins- 


Our  January  Issue.  i 

Otir  January  issue  will  be  as  | 
usual  our  annual  holiday  number,  i 
It  will  be  gotten  up  in  specially  de-  i 
signed  covers,   and  every   depart-  , 
ment  will  be  full  of  seasonable  and 
interesting  matter.     In  addition  to 
this,  we  are  going  to  make  it  some- 
what of  a  biographical  number.  It 
is  our  intention  to  show  the  faces 
and  give  a  brief  sketch  of  the  fore- 
most    agricultural     leaders     and 
teachers  of  the  present  day.     We 
are  sure  that  it  will  be  very  inter- 
esting for  our  readers  to  see  "what 
manner  of  men"  these  teachers  are. 

As  the  edition  will  be  quite 
large,  it  will  naturally  be  a  very 
attractive  proposition  to  advertis- 
er.«,  and  we  ask  all  of  our  friends 
to  send  us  in  their  ads  at  the  ear- 
liest possible  date.  Do  not  wait 
till  the  last  minute,  as  every  year 
we  are  compelled  to  leave  out  a 
goodly  number. 

IMMUNE   HEREFORDS. 

We  will  sell  at  Auburn,  Ala.,  on  Feb- 
ruary 3rd,  1904,  50  head  of  registered 
Herefords  under  the  management  and 
auspices  of  the  Alabama  State  Exper- 
iment Station.  This  sale  will  be  held 
In  their  barns  especially  fitted  for  the 
occasion.  The  cattle  have  already  been 
shipped  there  for  innoculation  and  can 
be  seen  there  from  now  on  by  intend- 
ing purchasers.  They  are  being  thor- 
oughly innoculated  against  the  tick 
fever  by  the  State  Veterinary  Board, 
and  will  be  perfectly  Immune  by  the 
sale  date. 

■We  are  sending  30  bulls  and  20  fe- 
males, which  carry  the  blood  of  all  of 
the  leading  sires  of  the  day.  About 
half  of  them  are  sired  by  the  record 
priced  Acrobat  or  are  by  his  best  sons. 
The  rest  are  by  such  bulls  as  the 
$10,000  Crusader,  the  $2,000  Conquerer, 
the  $1,000  Earl  of  Carlemont,  the  great 
Earl  of  Shadeland  73rd,  the  prize  win- 
ning Beau  Rowland,  and  other  such 
noted  sires.  A  few  of  the  females  will 
be  in  calf  to  our  record  breaking 
Champion  bull  Britisher,  the  greatest 
bull  of  two  continents. 

This  consignment  is  a  pick  of  four 


The  Standard 
For  Quality.... 

We  carry  the  largest  stocks 
and  do  the  largest  business  in 
Farm  Seeds  in  the  Southern 
States.  This,  together  with 
our  twenty-five  years'  practical 
knowledge  of  the  seed  busi- 
ness, enables  us  to  supply 
seeds  of  the  highest  quality  at 
as  reasonable  prices  as  good 
seeds  can  be  sold. 

Prices  of  Farm  Seeds,  Seed 
Grain,  Seed  Potatoes,  etc., 
quoted  on  request.  Catalogue 
giving  descriptions  and  full  in- 
formation about  all  seeds  mail- 
ed free. 

T.W.  WOOD  &  SONS, 

Richmond,      -     Virginia. 


"How  to  Grow  Paper-Shell  Pecans," 

FREE.  Best  vatietiesin  U  S.  True  to 
variety.  Cinn.s  cut  from  bearing  trees  by 
member  of  firm.  FuO  descriptive  Cata- 
logue of  ALL  FRUIT  trees,  free 

B  W.  STONE  >!c  CO.,  Thom.isville,  Ga 

Alfalfa   Bacteria 
Infected  Soil 

Can  be  obtained  from  Ewell  Farm  Ex 
perimental  Plot  A  pn-fect  stand  three 
years  of  ago,  abundantly  supplied  with 
root  nodiiles  Price  $1.00  per  2  bus. 
burlap  b.ig,  weight  about  150  lbs.,  f  o.  b. 
Ewell's  Station,  Teun. 
GEO.  CAMPBELL  BROWN, 

Spring  Hill  Tenn. 


1,000,000  Cabbage  Plants  at  $1.50  Per  M. 

EARLY  JERSEY  WAKEFIELD, 
CHARLESTON,  SUCCESSION  and 
"FOTTLER'S  IMPROVED  BRUNS- 
WICK." 

50,000  Dahlia  and  Canna  Bulbs. 
MARK  T.  THOMPSON,  Rio  Vista,  Va. 

EXCELSIOR  STRAWsERRiis." 

The  earliest  berrj-  ^-roun  r.ni  The  Best  Early  Market  Berry* 

Its  superior  cairyi  DC  qualities  an.1  beautiful  red  color  .n;3ke 
it  T.rr  rK.puUr  In  all  Ibe  tig  m*rkci,.     1  h».e  ii;i:)icLi  ..tf,,:^.L.  ...;  ibi.  and 

eS^fwi^'dui^J!!*;:      W.  F.  ALLEN,  Salisbury.  Md. 


778 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTEK. 


[December 


of  the  best  herds  in  Kentucky  and  is 
the  choicest  lot  of  cattle  ever  sent 
South  both  as  to  individuality  and 
breeding.  Experts  who  have  exam- 
ined them  at  Auburn,  pronounce  them 
a  wonderful  lot  and  good  enough  to 
be  used  in  any  herd  in  the  United 
States. 

Our  experience  with  the  Southern 
farmers  convinces  us  that  they  appre- 
ciate good  cattle  and  the  only  draw- 
back has  been  the  fearful  losses  from 
fever.  Even  cattle  that  have  been 
raised  in  the  tick  infested  districts  fre- 
quently succumb  to  the  scourge  when 
moved  from  one  place  to  another.  Ex- 
perience and  science  have  demon- 
strated that  the  one  absolute  preven- 
tive and  guarantee  against  this  disease 
is  innoculation.  The  cattle  we  offer 
for  sale  at  Auburn,  Ala.,  February  3rd, 
are  immuned  from  fever  by  careful 
and  thorough  innoculation,  by  the 
State  Beard,  and  can  be  seen  by  those 
interested,  at  the  Experiment  Station, 
running  with  tick  infested  cattle. 

The  State  of  Alabama  sent  Dr.  C.  A. 
Gary  up  to  Kentucky  looking  for  pure 
bred  cattle  and  he  was  so  well  pleased 
with  our  cattle  that  we  sold  him  four 
choice  calves.  While  here  Dr,  Gary 
was  so  impressed  with  the  scale  and 
finish  of  our  Kentucky  Herefords  that 
he  persuaded  us  to  send  this  consign- 
ment South,  as  according  to  his  judg- 
ment wo  have  just  what  the  Southern 
farmers  need  to  improve  their  herds 
with. 

Parties  interested  in  good  live  stock 
will  do  well  to  note  the  date  of  this 
sale  and  wait  till  then  for  purchases. 
At  that  time  spring  will  almost  be  here 
and  the  care  and  expense  of  wintering 
will  be  saved.  Bear  In  mind  that  this 
consignment  is  not  a  lot  of  Southtrn 
range  bred  stuff  but  the  best  that  Ken- 
tucky, which  is  famous  for  the  best, 
can  raise. 

Handsomely  illustrated  catalog  and 
descriptive  matter  will  be  sent  on  ap- 
plication to  Giltner  Bros.,  at  Eminence, 
Ky.,  or  Auburn,  Ala. 


$100  REWARD.   $100. 

The.  readers  of  this  paper  will  be 
pleased  to  learn  that  there  is  at  least 
one  dreaded  disease  that  science  has 
been  able  to  cure  in  all  its  stages  and 
that  is  Gatarrh.  Hall's  Catarrh  Cure 
is  the  only  positive  cure  now  known 
to  the  medical  fraternity.  Gatarrh 
being  a  constitutional  disease,  requires 
a  constitutional  treatment.  Hall's  Ga- 
tarrh Cure  is  taken  internally,  acting 
directly  upon  the  blood  and  mucous 
surfaces  of  the  system,  thereby  de- 
stroying the  foundation  of  the  disease, 
and  giving  the  patient  strength  by 
building  up  the  constitution  and  as- 
sisting nature  in  doing  its  work.  The 
proprietors  have  so  much  faith  in  its 
curative  powers,  that  they  offer  one 
hundred  dollars  for  any  case  that  it 
fails  to  cure.  Send  for  list  of  testi- 
monials. Address, 

P.  J.  CHENEY  &  CO.,  Toledo,  O. 

Sold  by  druggists.  7.5c. 
.Hall's  Family  Pills  are  the  best. 


Heyl  Santa,  where's  that 


Don't  disappoint  the  boy  at  Christmas- 
time—  buy  hira  a  rifle  or  stiotgun  and 
teach  hira  how  to  use  it  properly.  Tempt 
him  to  a  freshair  life.  Let  him  feel  the 
wholesome  influence  of  the  finest  sport 
in  the  world.  Train  his  eye  and  steady 
his  hand  before  a  target  or  make  his  blood  run  faster  in  the  hunt  for  game. 

SEND  FOR  OUR  FREE  BOOK  OF  128  PAGES 

It  tells  about  the  "  Stevens,"  gives  pictures  and  prices.    Contains 
articles   on  Hunting,   fishing',   Canoeing,  Target    Shooting,    eto. 


Send  4c.  in  stamps  for  a  teasing  RIFLE  PUZZLE.     It  is  lots  of  fun— "easy  when 
you  know  how,"  but  everyone  can't  solve  it.    Can  you?        Address  Puzzle  Oept. 


We  make  Rifles,  Shotguns,  Pistols, 

from  $2.50  to  $150.00. 
Most  good  dealers  will  sell  you  a  "Stevens" 
— some  will  try  to  talk  you  into  taking  a  poor 
kind  because  they  can  make  rtiore  money 
on  them.  Look  out  I  A  gun  is  the  safest 
thing  in  the  world  if  7W(*A'  i'  .tj'\  but  a  poor 
gun  is  a  good  thing  to  lea\e  alone. 


We  make  a  specialty  of  these  Rifles  : 

"Stevens-Maynard,  Jr.*  $3.00 
"Crack  Shot "$4.00 
"Favorite^No.  17,  $6.00 

U^e  ivill  sell  to  you  direct  \ind  pay  the  express  charges }  if  your  dealer  won't  supply  the  "Steven/* 

J.  STEVENS  ARMS  AND  TOOL  CO.    921  Main  St.,  Chicopee  Falls,  Mass. 


ACME 


IS^J 


SIZES 

3  to  13>^  feet 

Agents 
Wanted. 


Pulveriiing  Harrow 

Clod  Crusher  and  Leveler. 

The  best  pulverizer — cheapest  Riding  Harrow 
on  earth.  We  also  make  walking  ACMES. 
The  Acme  crushes,  cuts,  pulverizes,  turns 
and  levels  all  soils  for  all  purposes.  Made 
entirely  of  cast  steel  and 
wrought  iron — indestructible. 

Sent  on  Trial 

To  be  returned  at  my  ex- 
pense if  not  satisfactory, 
Cat:ilogue  and  Booklet. 
"An  Ide&l  Harrow" 
by  Henrv  Stewart, 
m.Tiled  free. 
!  deliver  f  o  b  at  New  York,  Cbiugo,  Columbus,  Louisville,  SCaosas  City,  Mianeapolls,  San  Francisco,  Portl.nd.  etc. 

bUANE  H.  NASH,  Sole  manufacturer,  Rliilington,  New  Jersey. 

Braiicli  House.:  110  Wa.hlnalon  Sl„  Chicago.  428  I  si  SI.,  MInnoapolls.  Glh  &  Washington  SIS.,  Kansas  Clly. 
.PLf^kSE  M£NTIOM  THIS  PAf CB. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


779 


STAR  PEA  HULLER 

WONDER  OF  THE  AGE 

Guaranteed  to  hull  and  clean 
]0to  15  bushels  of  peas  pei" 
hour  by  hand,  or  20  to  30 
bushels  by  power.  Write  for 
circular  and  prices. 

STAR  PEA  MACHiNfc  CO., 

...Chattanooga,  Tenn. 


SAWS 


ANY  WOOD 
IN  ilNY  posmoH 
ON^NV    GROUND^ 
4  in.  to  S  ft.  Through 


I  MAN  «lth  a  FOLD-  DlfBTC  O  MEN  with  a 
me  siiviiie  iucuuib  Den  I «  &  oross-cut  Saw 
6  to  9  colds  daily  is  the  usual  average  for  one  man, 


Our  1904  Model  iiachlne  aaws  raster, 
last]jDtrci-  than  ever-  Adjusted  ma  minute  to  euit  a 
LJ- year-old  boy  or  the  strongest  man.  Send  for  catalog 
ehowin^latestimDroTements.  First  order  nets  acencv- 
FoliilogNiwiagAlacb.Ca.  SS  N.  JeffersoaSl.,Cbicaga, UJ. 


The  Gaboon 


Is  Practical. 

lint's  why  it  has  lived  and 
ii.iwnfor45  years,  saving 
Ld  artd  making  money  lor 


Goodeil  Co..  63  Main  St.,  Antrim,  E^,  ^ 


Save  Cream 

Save  much  on  the  cost,  save  labor 

of  cleaning  and  operating  by 

buying  the 

AMERICAN 

CREAm    SEPARATOR. 


■  dJ^-n'seatiafaction.    You  should  kno.. 
about  It.    Ask  for  the  free  catalogue. 

lAmerlcan  Separator  Co.  Box  1076,  Bainbrldge,  N.Y. 


and  the  dehorning  job  is  smoothly  doc 
crushing  or  bruising  if  the 

KEYSXOINEI 

Dehorning:  K.nifo 

is  used.  Easy,  sure  and  most  speedy 
in  operation.  No  evil  results  can  fol- 
low. Cuts  from  foursides  at  once.  En- 
dorsed by  veterinariais.     Guaranteed. 

M.  T.  Phillips,  Box  45.  Pomeroy,  Pa. 


(Newton's  Patent.) 

DEHORNER  oSIorner 
iMPRovEo  ^-^^^^  Guaranteed 

THOUSANDS  IN  USE. 

Ask  your  hardware  dealer  for  them  or  wnte 
O.  B.  BKOWN  MFG.  CO..    •    •    DECATUB,  ILI» 


'J 


MONARCH  FEED  MILLS. 
At  this  season  of  the  year  a  subject 
of  great  interest  to  the  farmer  and 
feeder  who  studies  economy  in  feed- 
ing is  the  feed  mill.  There  are  numer- 
ous mills  advertised  in  agricultural 
papers,  all  making  practically  the  same 
claims  as  to  speed,  capacity,  ease  of 
running,  etc.  Among  so  many  the 
feeder  may  well  be  confused  when  It 


comes  to  making  a  choice.  The  Mon- 
arch Is  manufactured  by  Sprout,  Wal- 
dron  &  Co.,  of  Mundy,  Pa.  It  has 
speed,  capacity,  strength  and  lasting 
qualities.  It  grinds  coarse,  medium  or 
fine.  Just  as  desired.  It  is  alike  per- 
fectly at  home  in  the  matter  of  making 
a  fine  article  of  meal  for  household 
purposes,  and  for  the  grinding  of  ear 
corn,  shelled  corn  and  all  the  feed 
grains  either  singly  or  mixed,  for 
chop  feed.  These  Monarch  Mills  are 
either  of  the  attrition  pattern  or  are 
made  of  the  famous  French  burr  stone, 
than  which  there  is  nothing  better  for 
the  purpose  in  the  world.  The  manu- 
facturers publish  an  elegant  catalog 
which  shows  its  strong  points  in  strik- 
ing fashion.  The  advertisement  run- 
ning in  another  column  gives  correct 
address. 


GERMAN  IMMIGRANTS. 

Those  interested  in  the  development 
of  the  resources  of  the  South  are,  to 
some  extent  at  least,  conversant  with 
the  methods  employed  by  the  Southern 
Railway  Company  in  advancing  the 
materia!  growth  of  the  country  served 
by  its  lines.  For  several  years  past 
that  company  has  made  special  effort 
to  attract  to  the  South  a  desirable 
class  of  German  immigrants.  While 
this  woi'k  is  one  that  requires  time, 
labor  and  patience,  the  results  have 
been  fairly  satisfactory,  and  several 
settlements  of  that  class  of  people  have 
been  established  along  the  lines  of  the 
Southern  Railway. 

The  success  achieved  by  the  com- 
pany has  convinced  it  of  the  wisdom 
of  redoubling  its  efforts,  and  it  has  de- 
cided to  wage  an  active  campaign,  hav- 
ing for  its  purpose  the  location  of  a 
larger  number  of  thrifty  German  farm- 
ers along  the  line.  There  is  no  lietter 
class  of  emigrant  than  the  thrifty  Ger- 
man farmer  and  such  a  settlemgnt  Is 
always  an  important  factor  in  the 
growth  and  development  of  the  section 
of  countrv  in  which  it  is  located. 


Wise  Man's 
Wagon. 

The  man  who  has  had  experienca 
in  running  a  waeon  knows  that  it 
is  tlie  wheels  that  determine  tho 
life  of  the  wagon  itself.    Our 

STEEL 
WHEELS 


ELECTRIC 


3  up  to  8  inchest   with  aset  of  tiiL_ 
■  minutes  have  either  a  high 


ed  material— white  hiclcorr  axles,  steel  wheels,  steel 
hounds,  etc  Guaranteed  to  carry  iOOO  lbs.  U«r«  la 
the  watron  that  %vill  save  money  for  you,  as  It 
lasts  almost  forever.  Ourcatalogr^deBcribingtheute* 
oCthese  wheels  and  wagons  sent  frea.    Write  forlt. 

ELECTRIC  WHEEL  CO.,  BOX  1«  QUI NCY,  ILLINOIS. 


rWE'LL  PAY  THE  FREIGHT 

°?.VoD  llobrelU  FREE.  W.  V.  BOOB,  Ciadan.U,  ft 


Ghamberlin   Mfg.   Co.,  Olean,  N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A. 


HERCULES  STUMP  PULLEF 


Clears  an  acre  of  heavy  timber  land  each  day. 
Clears  all  stumps  In  a  circle  of  150  ft.  without 
moving  or  changing  machine,    Strongest,  most 
rapid  working  and  best  made. 
Hercules  Mfg.  Co..  413  17th  St.,  Centreville.  Iowa. 


STEEL  ROOFING 

100  SQUARE  FEET  $2,00 

Pnfiitcd     two    Alden;     nulln     Included. 

Strictly  new.  pei  lect,  Senii-Haniened  Steel 
Sheets,  6tcet  long.  The  best  Kooeiiff, 
sidliitror  Celling  you  ean  use.     No  ex- 

M'l-ienoe  necessary  to  lay  it.  An  ordinary 
h,»ninier  or  hatchet  the  only  tools  you 
m-i-d.  Either  flat,  cornipated  or  "V»* 
■nmpfd.  Write  for  our  Free  Catalogue 
N"  166  "n  Fai-tn  Supplies,  Furniture, etc. 
>¥.  y\  IU;(  KIMl  10. ,  W.  351I1  &  Iron  Sis.,  Chiras* 


NO  HUMBUG 


Mt^a.    P»l'd  SInv  fi.  10O2.    Hog  and  Calf  UcX-Im  aily  ;6e.  || 
GEORGE  BOOS,  Mfr.,  FAIRFIELC  JOWA, 


780 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[December 


No  Money 
In  Advance.  I 

"We  will  send  any  ru-  ] 
sponsible  farmer 


DITTO'S 


"SS.VS,%.  FEED  GRINDER 

to  test  on  his  own  farm.  Qrimla  ear  corn 
and  all  small  grain.  If  it  is  not  the  easiest, 
running,  with  largest  capacity,  don't  keep  it. 
It  is  strong  and  powerful— a  time  saver  and  a 
money  maker.  Send  for  circulars  and  full 
particulars. 

G.  M.  DITTO,  Box  48  Joliet,  Ills. 


The  Southern  Railway  Company  will 
soon  publish  an  illustrated  pamphlet 
in  German,  the  object  of  which  will  be 
to  give  reliable  information  concern- 
ing each  of  the  Southern  States  tribu- 
tary to  its  lines  to  all  Germans  con- 
sidering the  question  of  change  of  loca- 
tion. This  pamphlet  will  be  followed 
by  other  publications  giving  general 
information  about  this  territory  which 
it  is  thought  will  be  the  means  of  at- 
tracting the  attention  of  thousands  of 
German  to  the  South. — M.  V.  Rich- 
ards,   Southern   R.    Co..   Washington, 


RICHARD  BAXTER. 
A  tale  of  New  England  life,  time 
about  1830,  is  the  title  of  a  new  novel 
just  issued.  This  is  written  by  our  old 
friend,  the  Hon.  Edward  F.  Jones,  of 
Binghamton,  ex-Lieutenant  Governor 
New  York,  but  better  known  to  our 
readers  as  "Jones,  He  pays  the 
Freifht."  This  is  one  of  the  most  en- 
tertnining  booke  of  the  day,  and  will 
carry  old  Yankees  back  home  in  their 
memory.  It  is  brim  full  of  sentiment, 
humor  and  pathos.  Real  characters, 
not  caricatures.  We  predict  for  it  a 
wider  sale  than  any  novel  for  many 
years.  It  is  published  by  the  Grafton 
Press,  New  York.  12  mo.,  350  pages, 
16  illustrations,  finely  bound,  $1.50.  All 
booksellers,  or  postpaid  by  mail. 


A  Bushel  In  <) 

Less  Than  Q 

That's  the  way  yonr  fi>ea  will  be 
ground  wJioii  you  use  tixe 

KEYSTONE 

TriplaOear 
GRINDING  MILL. 

Bmit  as  strong  as  aa  anvil.  Barre 
*r«  of  hard  white  iron.  Boxes 
aod    gay  Jroni  furnished  with 

_      mill.  Capacity  of  niUl  from  20  to 

buchelt  p«rbonr.  \V«  are  makioi;  a  special  li^ 
troductory  prlc»  now.  Write  for  the  catalogTi©  antf 
prjees  on  the  full  Hdo.  Corn  sbeUers,  planters, cul- 
tivators, feed  cutters,  etc. 

Keystone  Farm  Machine  Co., 

l664Beaver8t.,  York,  Pa. 


MIXED  FEED 

Unhusktd  corn,  husked  ca;s, 
shelled   ccrn    and   all   grains 
broken,  crushed  and  ground 
in  one  operation  by 

KELLY 

DUPLEX 

Grinding  iHills. 

>eediest.    easiest  run- 
nmeniillsmacle.  Double 
rrs.     4sizusfor  all  pow- 
atalocu 


breakers,  double  set  of  bi 

THE  6' S.  KELLY  Co!, Springfieldrdhrd. 


Make  Your  Own  Fertilizer 

at  Small  Cost  with      '        { 

Wilson's  Phosphate  Mills 


I'eeil    Mills,    (irs- 
■Inixl  Mllln,    «rlt  and 
slu-ll  .Mills,    .seud  for  caUHoKue. 
WILSON  IIICOK..  Sule  Mfra., 


BLACKLEG. 
Stock  raisers  have  become  convinced 
that  Blackleg  can  be  prevented  by  vac- 
cination, and  the  question  is,  what 
kind,  what  form,  and  what  make  of 
vaccine  Is  the  best?  The  Pasteur 
Company's  powder  form  of  vaccine  is 
the  best  known,  as  it  has  been  in  use 
for  nearly  twenty  years  and  it  is  the 
original  preparation,  the  only  draw- 
back being  the  troublesome  syringe 
outfit.  However,  the  cord  or  string 
form  of  vaccine  introduced  some  years 
ago  by  the  Pasteur  Company  is  the 
most  convenient  and  has  become  the 
most  popular  as  it  is  always  ready  for 
use.  Its  application  is  very  easy  and 
It  has  proved  to  be  as  good  as  the  old 
powder  form.  The  cord  form  is  gen- 
erally known  under  the  short  name  of 
"Blacklegine."  Both  the  Pasteur 
Powder  Vaccine  and  Blacklegine  are 
furnished  for  single  treatment  for  or- 
dinary stock,  and  for  double  treatment 
for  fine  stock.  The  double  treatment 
costs  20  cents  per  dose  in  packages  of 
10  doses,  with  reductions  for  quanti- 
ties, while  the  single  treatment  costs 
from  15  cents  down  to  10  cents  per 
dose,  or  even  less,  according  to  quan- 
tity. All  stock  raisers  in  blackleg  dis- 
tricts know  that  It  pays  to  use  the  best 
and  original  vaccine  furnished  by  the 
Pasteur  Vaccine  Company,  Chicago 
and  San  Francisco. 


▲  neat  Bia4«r  far  y«ur  tautk  bvm- 
k«n  can  be  ka4  f»r  II  omU.  AddrM* 
•ur  Quilneai  OSm. 


Mention  the  8outh»m  Plmnttr  irh«B 
correaponOlnE  irlth  adTartlMn. 


You  Trytlt. 

It  C08ti  nothing.  Re- 
turn at  our  expense  if 
this  mUl  fails  to  grind 
Bhelled  com,  ear  corn, 
all  grains  or  mixed 
feed  stuffs,  easier,  fast- 
er and  better  than  any 
other. 


New  Holland  Mills 


Made  In  3  sizes.  Adapted  to  any  kind 
bt  power.  Don't  (ail  to  set  our  free  catalogue 
before  buying. 

NEW     HOLLAND    IMACHINE     CO., 

Box   ISS.Naw  Holland,  Pa. 


'        See  it  Work! 


mONARCH 
.    French  Burr  and 
'?        Attrition  Mills 


Meal 


H« 


lobo 


free 

c:iliilot-t"ri.Rrticulars. 

Sprout  Waldron  &  Co. 

B9<  £02,  Muncy,  Pa. 


I^SEEBNER'S  FEED  CUTTERS. 

•J  all   v-.iir   fo,-ll..r.    liv  '|.,ir.rr  H.-el.iier's  cutters  ivlth 


well   DRILLING 


MACHINES 


The  most  Buccesetul  money-making  ma- 
blaei  ever  made.  Alt*  maohine*  far  bariag 
«9!la  with  auceri  by  hotae  powar.  Write 
J8  If  yau  mean  bualnesa. 

Loomis  Machine  Co.,  Tiffin,  Ohio- 


WARRINER5 


L    ,  J  STANCHION. 

^Ul  CLEAN.SAFE, 

m^:.„=^m^  COMFORTABLE, 

MFG.BYW.B.CRUMBForestvilleCoNN. 


GET  ALL  THE  CREAM, 

— BV   USING— 

Tbe  SUPERIOR  CREAM  SEPARATOR. 

Does  not  mix  water  with  the  milk. 
It  is  the  best  Septirator  made.  A 
trial  convinces,  and  every  Separator 
is  guaranteed.  Write  today  for  Cat- 
alogue to  the  SUPERIOR  FENCE  MA- 
CHINE CO.,  291  Qraode  River  Ave.,  De- 
troit, Mlcbltaa. 


1903.J 


THE  SOUTHERI^  PLANTER. 


781 


Five  Baskets  or  Three 

A  planter  who  can  make  five  baskets  of 
Cotton  where  he  formerly  made  but  three,  by 
simply  Top  Dressing  his  land  willi  one  hun- 
dred pounds,  per  acre,  of 

Nitrate  of  Sod&, 

[Tli«  Standaxd  Ammonlate) 
is  simply  neglecting  to  reap  full  benefit  from 
his  soil  if  he  does  not   use   the  Nitrate,  for 
this  result  is  within  the  reach  of  every  Cotton 
Planter. 

Equally  profitable  results  may  be  obtained 
from  corn,  grass,  tobacco  or  potatoes,  from 
fruits  or  garden  products,  in  fact  fr«m  any- 
thmg  that  grows.  "Food  for  Plants."  and 
other  valuable  bulletins  giving  actual  field 
trials  with  Nitrate  of  Soda  at  Agricultural 
Experiment  Stations,  are  ?ent  free  to  farm- 
ers. Send  name  and  address  on  Post  Card. 

William  S.Myers,  Director,  12-16  John  St..N.Y. 


ELMWOOD  NURSERIES. 

ASPARAGUS 

100,000  2-yr.  old  AsparagJS  roots, 
5  varieties.  A  special  i-ate  of  $S.50 
per  10l>0  for  2  mos.  for  BAHK'S, 
PALMETTO,  CONOVER. 

APPLES 

A  large  general  assortment,  in- 
cluding WINESAPS  and  YOKK 
IMPERIALS. 

Splendid    Assortment 

of  Ornamental,  Shade 

and  Fruii  Trees. 


from  B.  P.  Rocks.  Light 
Brahmas,  Brown  Leg- 
horns at  $1.00  per  13. 


WRITE  FOR  OUR   CATALOGUE. 


J. B. Wins  mo. 


Strawberry  Plants, 

All  grown  in  fresh  rich  ground.  Iiealthy, 
well-rooted  plants  that  will  please  you; 
over  30  kinds  to  ofler  Ras]>ben  y  plants 
and  Peach  trees  also;  see  us  r-e'ore  you 
buy.  Our  stock  hae  been  thoroughly  in- 
spected and  found  fre-  from  anv  <ljse.se. 
Address  JOHN  LKiHTKOOT. 

Sherman  Heigh  t^  Teiin. 


THE  AMERICAN  CREAM  SEPARA- 
TOR. 
There  are  several  things  which  make 
it  advisable  for  intending  purchasers 
to  consider  carefully  the  American 
Cream  Separator  advertised  in  our 
columns.  First,  Is  it's  reasonable 
price.  A  man  with  but  two  or  three 
cows  will  find  it  worth  while  to  own 
it  and  may  soon  get  his  money  back. 
It  is  not  only  the  cheapest  of  all  good 
separators,  but  it  is  simple  in  the  ex- 
treme, and  easy  to  run  and  keep  clean. 
Last,  but  not  least,  it  Is  a  clean,  close 
skimmer.  It  gives  such  universal  sat- 
isfaction, that  the  manufacturers,  the 
American  Separator  Company,  of  Bain- 
bridge,  N.  Y.,  will  place  it  in  any  re- 
sponsible party's  hands  for  free  trial, 
TV'ith  no  obligation  to  buy  unless  per- 
fectly satisfied.  Consult  the  company's 
advertisement  elsewhere. 


gtS  R A  W  FU RS  wanted 

For  London  JanaarT  Sales.  Opossum.  Muskrat,  Mink, 
Skunk,  Raccoon  and  others.  Highest  cash  prices  paid. 
Writ.  A.  £.  Bnrklisrdt,  Malo  &  Snd.  Cincinnati,  O. 


KELLY  DUPLEX  GRINDING  MILL. 
Rapid  grinding  is  one  of  the  char- 
acteristics of  the  Kelly  Duplex  Mi 
here  shown.  But  It  is  only  one.  Most 
mill  makers  advertise  mills  to  grind 
ear  or  shelled  corn.  This  mill  grinds 
both,  and  you  may  leave  the  husks  on 
without  fear  of  choking. 


The  illustration  will  show  that  it  is 
not  one  of  the  flimsy,  unsubstantial 
kind.  The  Kelly  Mill  has  a  double  set 
of  burrs.  In  reducing  ear  or  unhusked 
corn,  there  are  three  processes,  break- 
ing, crushing  and  grinding,  reducing 
the  feed  to  any  degree  of  fineness  at 
the  pleasure  of  the  operator,  and  all 
in  one  operation.  It  grinds  smaller 
grains,  as  oats,  rye,  etc.,  equally  well. 
It  has  a  feed  regulating  device  and  its 
grinding  is  always  uniform.  It  is 
made  in  four  convenient  sizes,  adapted 
to  the  needs  of  any  feeder  and  suited 
to  any  power  that  may  he  desirable  to 
use. 

It  is  manufactured  by  the  O.  S.  Kel- 
ly Co..  Springfield.  Ohio,  (O.  S.  Kelly 
M'f'g  Co.,  Iowa  City.  Iowa.)  who  will 
be  pleased  to  send  you  catalog  fully 
describing  it  to  any  one  writing  for  it. 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  b*ek  nni 
hers  can  be  had  for  2S  c«Htt.  Ad4r« 
our  Business  Oflca. 


.^^% 


A  Dollar's  Worth  For 
Every  Dollar 

No  stale  packet  hargain  otfera.    All  fresh,  plump,  quick 

starting,  cverv  kind  Eronn  in  tlie  climate  wl.icli 

matures  it  I.est.  North.  SouEli.  Hast.  West. 

Ouf  General  Supply  Line 

includes  tools,  appliances,  etc.,  for  Farm,  Garden,  Dairy 
and  r  jultry.  The  varied  lines  keep  our  lar^'e  force  busy 
all  the  vear  and  make  attractive  prices  in  our  larj^e  grener- 
al  catah'7.  Every  standard  appliance  for  the  farm  indus- 
tries. \\'riteus  you^^vants.  8e  sure  vou  get  General 
Catalogue  No.  10.    It's  FREE  tor  the  asking. 

CRIFFITH  &  TURNER  COMPflNY. 
20S.N.  Paca  Street,  


Peach  and  Apple  Trees, 

BONAVISTA  NURSERIES,  Greenwood,  Va. 

We  offer  a  fine  lot  of  choice  trees  for 
Fall  and  Spring  planting 

Our  a  pple  trees  are  the  best — Wine  Sap, 
Mammoth  Black  Twig,  York  Imperial 
and  Albemarle  Pippin,  all  perfect  and 
weU  grown  trees. 

Our  peach  trees  are  the  standard  sorts, 
Stump,  Elberta,  Bilyeu's  (Comet, )  Won- 
derful, Champion,  Globe,  Picquet'sLate, 
Albright's  Winter,  Crawford  E.  &L.,etc. 

We  send  out  none  but  t-ood  trees  and 
have  never  had  a  complaint  made  by  any 
purchaser  of  our  stock.  Order  soon,  es- 
pi^cially  Peach'  s,  as  good  trees  will  be 
very  scarce  this  season. 

CHAS.  F    HACKETT,  Manager. 


Mention  the  Southern  Planter  when 
corresponding  with  adrertlsen. 


We  offer  all  kinds  '•f  : 

..Nursery  stock. 

STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  at  re- 
duced prices;  1  doz.  rooted  GRAPE 
VINES  of  CONCORD,  NIAGARA, 
WARDEN,  etc.,  at  $1 ;  all  healthy  stock 
and  fumigated  before  shipped;  grown 
on  ideal  land  for  fine  roots  and  smooth 
bodies. 
Send  f«r  Special   Price  t«  Planters. 

EIVIPORIA  NURSERIES 

EHPORIA,    VA. 

No.  1  Agents  wanted.  We  refer  to 
any  business  house  here  as  to  our  hon- 
esty. 


TREES!  TREES!! 

I  offer  a  fine  lot  of  whole  root  trees. 

Apples,  Pears,  Peache«, 
Cherries,  Plums,  Grape 
Vines,    Raspberries,    Etc. 

Save  agent's  commission  by  send- 
ing  your  orders  to  the  nursery. 

CATALOaUE   FREE. 
All  Stock  Inspected  and  Fumigated. 

WERTZ'S  NURSERY,  Salem.  Va. 


'i)i-2 


THE  SOUTH EKN  PLANTER. 


[  Ucoember 


w 


A  Golden  Rule 
of  Agriculture: 

Be  s;ood  to  your  land  and  your  crop 
will  be  good.     Plenty  of 

Potash 


in  the  fertilizer  spellsquafity  I  ^.•, 
and  quantilv  in  the  har-  '  '"-^'i' 
vest.  Write  us  and 
we  will  send  you, 
_/>Yd",  by  next  mail, 
our  money  winning 
bioks. 

OERMAN  KALI  WORKS, 

New  York— «  Nassau  St. 


SAN  JOSE  SCALE"-'"--'' 

OnH      JUUU      UUnLI.  jrouea    by  using 

GOOD'S    CAUSTIC    POTASH 

■WHALE  OIL  SOAP.  No.  3. 

It  also  prevents  Curl  Leaf.  Endorsed  by  en- 
tomologists. Tbls  soap  is  a  fertilizer  as  well  as 
Insecticide  60  lb.  kegs,  $2.60;  100  lb.  kegs  H  60. 
Half  barrels,  270  lbs.,  at  3y„c.  per  lb.;  barrels, 
425  lbs.,  at  SJic.  Large  qnanlltles,  special  rates. 
Send  for  circular. 

JAMES  GOOD. 
939— 41  N.  Front  .St.,  ^hilaoelpmi*.  p» 


Defender 
Sprayer 


All  bn 


ork- 


;5,  easiest 
"ffi  most  powerful,  autc 
iiatic  mixer,  cxpanBioD 
/lives,  double  striiner. 
Catalogue  of  Pumps  and 
Treatise  oa  Spraying  free. 

AGHNTS    WANTED; 

J.  F.  0«7l«rd,  B«z   S2  CatOUl,  M.  T. 


Book  of  Bugs  Free. 

Sead  us  your  name  and  that  of  your  druggist 
and  we  will  send  you  free  of  charge  aoopy  otour 
Book  of  iiugs,  illustrating  and  d«8(;ribinK'the  de- 
Htrucilve  worms  and  insects  that  damage  your 
crops.  The  edition  is  limited  and  you  must 
write  for  it  to  reoeive  It.  Verv  valuable  as  a 
book  of  reference  THE  PROTECTO  COH- 
PANY.  129  West  First  Ave.,  Monmouth.  III. 


Best  Fruit  Paper  "c. 


Year'. 


soflOfirmcrs  who  ) 


you  w-itlrcccivc  fur  a  year  the  "Fruit-Giower.' 
friiitpapcr  publislied,  te^.  price  60c  year.  Fruit-( 


e«)d  [■•per — oneufthever;  best"  For  umple,  eto.,»>]dreii 

FRUIT-GROWER  CO..  312  S.  7tli  Street,  SI.  Joseph,  Ho. 


Hunters' &  Trappers' Cuide 


INUKKStll  KHas..    DFpl.817.  Him 


THE  WOOD  CUTTER'S  MACHINE. 
The  man  who  follows  the  time  hon- 
ored custom  of  sawing  wood  will  find 
a  piece  of  machinery  that  will  save 
him  great  labor  in  the  Folding  Sawing 
Machine  pictured  here.  It  is  manu- 
factured by  a  company  of  the  same 
name  in  Chicago  and  is  regularly  ad- 
vertised in  our  columns.  This  ma- 
chine takes  the  place  of  the  old  time 


cross  cut  saw.  It  can  be  used  in  any 
situation  where  the  cross  cut  can  be 
used,  and  its  great  value  is  seen  in 
this,  that  one  man  can  saw  more  wood 
with  it  than  two  men  can  with  the  nlii 
cross  cut  saw.  It  has  a  record  of  nine 
cords  of  wood  in  a  single  working  day 
by  one  man.  It  is  not  only  adapted  to 
sawing  felled  trees,  but  to  sawing 
down  trees.  It  is  so  adjusted  that  the 
operator  is  not  at  all  discommoded 
whether  working  on  the  fallen  log,  the 
standing  tree,  on  the  hillside,  etc. 
When  through  with  one  job  it  can  be 
folded  up  in  compact  form,  "like  a 
jack  knife,"  placed  on  the  shoulder  and 
carried  off  to  other  work.  Any  one  in- 
terested should  consult  the  advertise- 
ment elsewhere  for  correct  address  and 
wri  te  the  company  for  catalog  and 
full  Information. 


A  FEED  MILL  GUARANTEED. 

The  New  Holland  Cob  and  Feed  Mill, 
manufactured  by  the  New  Holland  Ma- 
chine Works,  New  Holland,  Pa.,  is  one 
of  the  mills  that  depends  on  its  own 
work  to  sell  it,  and  is  therefore,  freely 
sent  forth  to  responsible  parties  on 
trial.  With  the  opportunity  to  maJie 
test  of  its  worth  at  the  buyer's  own 
home  goes  a  remarkable  guarantee  of 
the  manufacturers,  which  shows  the 
faith  they  have  in  its  adaptability  and 
superior  working  qualities.  This  guar- 
antee says  that  it  may  be  tested  freely 
on  ear  corn,  shelled  corn,  small  grains 
and  all  feed  stuffs,  and  that  it  must 
establish  the  fact  to  the  proposed  buy- 
er's satisfaction  that  It  will  do  t'- 
work  "easier,  better  and  faster  than 
any  other  mill."  Failing  to  sustain 
such  a  broad  challenge,  it  is  no  sale, 
and  the  mill  can  be  returned  at  the 
company's  expense. 

This  broad  guarantee  covers  most 
satisfactorily  just  those  things  re- 
quired in  a  feed  mill.  It  does  not  seem 
possible  for  one  to  go  wrong  with  the 
added  opportunity  to  put  it  to  the  test. 
It  is  made  in  three  sizes,  and  is 
adapted  to  the  use  of  any  kind  of 
power. 

Anyone  contemplating  the  purchase 
of  a  feed  mill,  should  at  least  send  for 
this  company's  catalog  and  make  in- 
vestigation before  placing  an  order. 


:  UNION  LOCK  POULTRY  FENCING  : 


HAS  BEEN  Ftn.I,Y 

TEETED  AND  FOttin) 

SnPEKIOR  TO  AIL 

OTHEBS. 

fit    uneven 


^..M  ,.v  stretched 
pettectly.  Made  of 
high  grade  ealv.nnized  steel  wire.  All  horizontal 
lines  are  cables,  making  it  stronger.  Has  finemesh 
at  the  bottom  for  small  chicks.  We  also  make 
extra  heavy  for  gardens,  lawns,  etc.  The  largest 

goultry  farms  are  using  this  fence — over  700  rods 
y  Lakewood  (N.  J.)  Karm  Co.  We  pay  freiglit 
and  satisfv  every  one  or  no  sale.  Can  ship  from 
N.  Y.,  Cfiic,li.-<i,  or  San  Francisco.  Write  for 
f  reelcrttalog of  Farm,  T.awn  and  Poultry  Fencing. 
CASE  BROS.,  Box  340,  Colchester,  Conn. 


Genuine  Spiiai  Spring  Wire 
FENCES  BND  KflTES 

If  \our  dealer  does  not  have  our 
goods  in  Slock  \ou  can  buy  direct 
nt  Mnnufaclurers"  Price.  Write 
for  Catalogue  and  secure  agency. 

INTERNATIONAL  FENCE  AND  F.  CO. 
Columbus.  Ohio. 


EH- 

^^m 

Just  As  Soon  As 


vou  get  through  fxpe 
Pisif  Fence.  Our  lilL. 
I'ltjr    'HSW    11  V.tr. 


V   vf-r  (  o.     v.lr 


L^UWN  FENCE 


(T/i  |i';i!;<>>»;"ii  ii»:o>; 
i>'.i  iv'j'M'OMi  .[lyMi 


Many  designs.  Cheap  aa 
wood.  32  pape  Catalogrue 
free.  8pe<lal  Price*  to  Cmie- 
t«rle8aadChDrfh»«.  Address 


SENT  ON  TRIAL 

A  Fence  Machine  tbat  will   make  over  100 
Stales  of  Felice  and  from  &<»  to  70  rods  a  day 

AT  ACTUAL  COST  OF  WIRE 


Vie  und  t'hieki 

3  at  Wholesale  Pricey 

Kitselman  Bros.  Box  i 


Hancie,  Ind* 


FENCE!; 


STROHGESW 
MADE.     Baa 

ecrong.  CMckea 
tight.  Sold  to  the  Farmer  at  vrbol.ua* 
PriM..     r«llr  W.rrulrd.     Oat&Jog  Frett 

CI — ' 


jff'    ROOFING  TIN    j& 

Iron  and  paper  roofing,  nails,  buUder'B  hard- 
ware, sash,  doors,  etc.,  carriage  and  wagon 
goods,  paints  and  oils,  cook  and  heating  stoves, 
guns,  pistols,  rifles,  "Kobln  Hood"  loaded  shells. 
Do  vou  use  any  of  the  above?    Write  us. 

HARRIS  HARDWARE  CO.,  T^.l^lT.: 


Krausers'   Liquid 
Extract  of  Smoke 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  num- 
bers can  be  had  for  26  cents.  AddrsM 
our  Business  OfBce. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


(K3 


Games 


60  different  games— one  i 
package  of 

Lion  Coffee 


The  Southern  Planter, 

If  troubled  with  any  form  of  ner- 
vousness or  Dyspepsia,  Palpitation  of 
the  Heart  or  Sleeplessness,  Rush  of 
Blood  to  the  head  or  General  Debility 

Can  Be  Cured  By 

DR.   DUGNAL'S 

FAMOUS  NERVE  PILLS. 

40  DOSES  BY  MAIL,  POSTPAID,  50c. 
DUGNAL  REMEDY  CO., 

P.  O.  Drawer  No.  52.     Dept.  J. 

NEW   HAVEN,   CONNECTICUT. 


FRAZER 

AX'V     vJ  1    C  a  S  C    the  world. 
Its  wearing  qualities  art  unsurpassed,  ac- 
tually outlasting  3  bxs.  any  ttther  brand,  \ 
Not  affected  by  heat.    J9-Get  the  Genuine. 
FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  DEALEKS. 


GREENSBORO,  N.C. 

For  the  treatment  of  THE  LIQUOR,  OPIUM,  MORPHINE  .nd 
nther  Drug  Addictions.  The  Tobbacc»  Habit,  Nerve  Exhaustion 


B-      WANTI^D      -: 

Shippers   of    POULTKY   of  all  Kinds, 

Dressed  HOGS,  GAME,  etc.,  to  write  to 

E.  W.   EVANS  &   CO., 

1313  E  Gary  St.,        RICHMOND,  VA. 
For   prices  before  shipping    elsewhere. 


HOW  TO  FEED  AND  BREED  HOGS 

iiportance  to  swine  growers.  _  A 
practical,  clean,  common-sense  swine 
paper  for  farmers  can  be  had  from  now 
I  to  January,  igos,  W  sending  10  Ceuta 
•■  -  ■  -  silVer  at  once  to 

BLOODED  STOCKc 
Oxford,  Pa. 


HANDSOME  FRUIT  PAPER. 
In  this  issue  appears  the  advertise- 
ment of  "The  Fruit  Grower,  St.  Joseph, 
Mo.,  one  of  the  very  best  fruit  papers 
published.  Indeed.  Prof.  Price,  dean  of 
the  Ohio  Agricultural  College,  says  it 
is  the  very  best  fruit  paper  published. 
East  or  West.  The  advertisement  tells 
how  the  paper  can  be  secured  at  half 
price.  Look  it  up  and  send  for  this 
paper. 

HANDY  LOW  DOWN  WAGONS. 

The  Electric  Wheel  Company  of 
Quincy,  Illinois,  has  perhaps  done 
more  than  any  other  one  institution 
to  popularize  the  low  wheel  and  handy 
wagon.  Their  "Electric"  Steel  Wheel 
is  the  kind  that  is  made  to  last.  An 
item  that  has  multiplied  the  number 
they  are  constantly  sending  out  is  that 
they  are  made  to  fit  the  skein  of  any 
make  of  wagon.  The  wheels  being  the 
first  to  give  way  in  the  wooden  felloe 
high  wheel  style  of  wagon,  a  great 
many  farmers  take  advantage  of  this 
fact  and  procuring  the  "Electric" 
wheels,  convert  their  old  wagons  into 
Handy  Wagons.  In  most  cases  the  run- 
ning gears  are  good  and  with  little 
expense  they  secure  a  wagon  as  good 
as  new,  with  all  the  conveniences 
which  the  use  of  the  low  down  Handy 
Wagon  carries  with  it.  If  any  reader 
of  this  finds  his  old  high  wheels  giving 
away,  he  will  do  well  to  send  to  the 
above  company  for  their  catalog  and 
learn  what  their  low  steel  wheel  will 
do  in  the  way  of  giving  hirn  practically 
a  new  wagon  at  but  very  slight  cost. 
It  must  not  be  forgotten  that  the  com- 
pany makes  the  best  Handy  Wagon 
complete  where  parties  desire  it. 

THE  PHILLIPS  DEHORNING  KNIFE 
The  dehorning  knife  has  come  to  be 
almost  a  stable  necessity  to  the  dairy- 
man and  cattle  feeder.  There  are  sev- 
eral knives  on  the  market  and  perhaps 
Pomeroy.  Pr.  Its  great  r.oint  of  ad- 
vantage is  that  it  cuts  from   all  four 


sides  at  once,  and  thereby  secures  a 
clean,  clear  cut  that  is  all  cut  and  n« 
breaking  or  crushing.  Several  of  the 
government  experiment  stations  have 
given  it  unqualified  endorsement.  The 
acting  Director  at  Cornell  University 
commends  especially  its  "ease  of  op- 
eration and  durability,"  and  describes 
it  as  "the  best  instrument  of  its  kind 
that  we  have  ever  used." 

Mr.  Phillips  advertises  the  dehorner 
regularly  in  our  columns.  Any  one  in- 
terested should  write  him  for  a  copy 
of  a  little  descriptive  book  he  sends 
out  free. 


Cheap  eggs 
are  as  good  as 
cheap  lamp- 
chimneys. 

Macbeth. 


If  you  use  a  wrong  chimney,  you  lose  a 
good  deal  of  both  light  and  comfort,  and 
waste  a  dollar  or  two  a  year  a  lamp  on 
chimneys. 

Do  you  wast  the  Index  ?    Write  me. 

Macbeth,  Pittsburgh. 

WANTED 

By  a  married  man,  a  POSITION  aa 
manager  on  stock,  dairy  or  general 
farm.  Thoroughly  competent,  and  best 
references.     Box  41,  Espy,  Pa. 


POSITION  WANTED  AS  FARM  MANAGER 
or  Superintendent  of  large  estate  by  a  mid- 
dle-aged single  man,  with  practical  and 
educational  experiences  in  farming,  dairy- 
ing, cattle,  sheep,  swine,  horticulture  and 
poultry  culture. 


EUGENE   BAYER, 
Charlottesvlil' 


Va. 


WANTED  A  GOOD,  SETTLED  MAN  WITH 
small  family  to  attend  to  6  or  6  cows, 
make  butter,  and  attend  to  family  garden. 
Must  understand  cultivation  of  flowers. 
Place  open   until    December.    Address, 

MIRADOR,  Greenwood  P.  O.,  Va. 


THE  PEACH  GR0\VE:R 

Fruit    Culturist    and 
TrucKcr's  Magazine 

Published  Monthly,  Atlanta.  Ga.  Is  Indispens- 
able to  growers  of  fruit  and  track.  Best  horti- 
culturists in  the  land  are  regular  contributors. 
Handsomely  printed  and  illustrated.  Send  26 
cents  and  names  of  2.')  fruit  growers,  for  a  year's 
subscription.  You  can't  afford  to  miss  reports  of 
Georgia  experiments  now  being  made  on  peach 
orchards. 


WANTED! 

ALL  KINDS   OF 

LIVE  WILD  BIROS  AND  ANIMALS 

Particularly   Deer,   WUd   Turk«y«.   White 
Squlrreli,   Ducks,   Swani,   Bob  White  Quail, 
Grey  Squirrels,  Bear,  Etc. 

CECIL  FRENCH, 
718  Twelfth  St.  N.iW.,  Washington.  D.  C. 


NO  MORE  BLIND  HORSES— For  Specific 
Ophthalmia,  Moon  Blindness  and  other  Sore 
Eyes.  BARRY  CO.,  Iowa  City.  la.,  have  a 
cure. 


784 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[December 


HOMES'!  IBfr"" 


No  place  in  the  United  States  can  a 
man  do  so  well  at  farming,  for  tte  money 
invested,  as  in  Virginia.  Lands  are 
cheap;  climate  good,  and  the  best  of 
marlcets  close  at  hand.  It  is  the  Stat* 
of  all  others,  for  a  comfortable  all  the 
year  round  home.  The  James  River 
VaUey  Colonization  and  Improvement 
Company  offer  superior  advantages  to 
land  purchasers.  For  free  36  page  land 
pamphlet,  address 

W.  A.  PARSONS,       Vinlta,  Va. 

C&OiMain  St.  Depot  Richmond,  Va. 

♦♦To  Homeseekers.* 

"THE  BUSINESS  OF  FARMING 
IN  VIRGINIA." 

IB  the  tlUe  of  a  uew  pamphlet  luued  hy  tk* 
Sr'''',''..?"''  Weitern  Ritlway  C.mpaay.    W» 
will  gladly  mall  y»u  a  copy. 
W.  B.  BEVILL,      PAUL  SCHERER,  A«t.. 
0.  P.  A.,     Landi  and  ImmlEratlva, 
Roanoke,  Va. 

I  HAVE  A  LARGE  LIST  OF 

FRUIT,  POULTRY^nd  TRUCK  FARMS 

Ten,  Fifty  and  One  Hundred  Acres  each    with 

good  buildings,  close  to  steam  and  trolley 

lines,    easy   access   to    the   city.    Also, 

GRAIN  AND  STOCK  FARMS 

From  100  to  1.000  acres  at  low  prices— all  the 

way  from  $5  to  %m  per  acre.    Write  for 

Catalogue. 

J.   R.   HOCKADAY,   Richmond.  Va 

Box  257. 


IF  YOU  WISH  TO  SELL 

on  3BXJ  T 

VIRGINIA    LANDS 

Cemmunlcate  with  ui.    Wrtte  f.r  fr«> 
Virginia    Real    EsUte  Jeuraa]  "   cb«- 

UlBlng  many  apleadld  karcalas. 
R.  B.  CMAFFIN  &  CO.,  Inc  , 
No.  t  N  lOth  St.,  Richmond.  Va 


2  QOOD  DAIRY  FARn.«., 

Vicinity  of  Washington  KOR  SALE. 

Electric  railway  through  one  and  near 
the  other.     For  particulars,  address 
L.  E.  WALT,  745  7th  St.,  S   E  , 

Washington,  D   C. 

/  Can  Se/I   Your  Farm.... 

If  located  In  one  of  these  Virginia  counties: 
Prince    George,    Chesterfield,    King    William, 
Gloucester,      New     Kent,    King    and    Queen 
Manover.     Send   description,    stating   price 
JOHN  JELINEK,  lllfi  Pine  Alley, 
^ Braddock,  Pa. 

FINF  PARM^  '°  "J"^  sreat  fruit  grain  and 
11!?'-,,  rHnillO  stock  section  of  VIRGINIA 
beat  climate  and  water  in  the  U.  S.  Near  grea 
Korf,fr?h  ""i  •"=''.  educational  adyantlges 
For  further  Information,  address 

«.>..,'^u'w'^'^'''''^    IMMIORATION  CO., 
BAM  L  B.  Woods.  Pres  Charlottesville,  Va 


For  full  par- 
ticulars write 
A.   JEFFERS, 
Norfolk,  Vs. 


Go  South. 


FERTILIZER  CHEMICALS. 
Quotations  furnished  by  Edmund 
Mortimer  t  Co.,  of  New  York,  on  ag- 
ricultural chemicals  commonly  used  by 
farmers.  These  prices  are  those  at 
which  the  goods  can  be  purchased  in 
lots  of  one  ton  or  over.  In  original 
paclcages,  delivered  f.  o.  b.  cars  at 
New  York  City,  and  are  for  cash.  In 
all  cases  carload  lots  of  any  one  of  the 
materials  can  be  purchased  for  less 
money,  and,  it  possible,  farmers  should 
combine  and  order  in  round  lots. 
AMMONIATES. 

xT.t    »      .  r,   ,  Per  ton 

Nitrate  of  Soda,  containing  about 
16  p.  c.  of  Nitrogen,  In  bags, 
weighing  about  200  pounds |45 

Sulphate  of  Ammonia,  containing 
about  20  p.  c.  of  Nitrogen,  irreg- 
ular weight  packages  gj 

Dried  Blood,  containing  about  10 
p.  c.  of  Nitrogen,  irregular 
weight  packages   40 

Tankage,  containing  about  8  p.  c. 
Nitrogen  and  10  to  12  p.  c.  Phos 
Acid    

POTASHES. 

Muriate  of  Potash;  containing 
about  50  p.  c.  of  Potash,  in  225 
pound    bags    

Sulphate  of  Potash,  containing 
about  50  p.  c.  of  Potash,  in  225 
pound  bags  45 

Kainit,  containing  about  12  p  e 
of  Potash,  in  irregular  weight 
packages    

Nitrate  of  Potash,  containing 
about  45  p.  c.  Potash  and  13  p 

c.    Nitrogen    (Ammonia) 70 

PHOSPHATES. 

Acid  Phosphates,  containing  14  n 

c.   Available    ....         12 

Containing  16  p.  c.  Available! '. '.     13 

Bone  Meal,  containing  about  3  p 
c.  Nitrogen  and  20  p.  c  Phos 
Acid    ■ 

Peruvian  Guano,  containing  about 
20  p.  c.  Phos.  Acid,  3i  p.  c.  Nlrto- 
gen,  4  p.  c.  Potash,  in  200  pound 
^»gs    30 

MIXED. 

"Everybody's  Magazine"  tells  a  little 
story  which  shows  the  mixed  feelings 
with  which  the  Southerner  regards 
Booker  T.  Washington.  An  old  Flor- 
ida colonel  recently  met  Booker  T 
Washington,  and  in  a  bibulous  burst 
of  confidence  said  to  the  negro  educa- 
tor, "Suh,  I'm  glad  to  meet  you.  Al- 
ways wanted  to  shake  your  hand,  suh. 
I  think,  suh,  you're  the  greatest  man 
in  America." 

"Oh,  no!"  said  Mr.  Washington. 

"You  are,  suh,"  said  the  colonel; 
and  then,  pugnaciously,  "Who's  great- 
er?" 

"Well,"  said  the  founder  of  Tuske- 
gee,  "there's  President  Roosevelt." 

"No,  suh,"  roared  the  colonel.  "Not 
by  a  jugful!  I  used  to  think  so,  but 
since  he  invited  you  to  dinner  I  think 
he's  a  blank  scoundrel." 


35 


40 


12 


22 


QUARTZ  and  MICA  grinding  mill  for 
sale  on  railroad;  list  of  500  custom- 
ers.    Close    to    millions    of    tons    of 
quartz,  feldspar  and  mica  section. 
G.  G.  TEMPLE,  Danville,  Va. 


VWGINIA  FARMS 

S3  P*ER  ACRE  AND  UFWARDS. 

BAST    PAYMENTS.     CATALOOUB    FRBM. 

GEO.  E.  CRAWFORD  &  CO.,  Richmond,  Vi. 

BsUklUke4  lt7(. 


"In  the  Green  Fields  of  Virginia." 

Homes  for  all;  Health  for  all;  Happiness  and 
Independenc«  for  all.  All  sizes  of  Farms  at 
corresponding  prices,  but  all  reasonable. 

MACON  &  CO.,  Orange,  Va. 


VIRGINIA  FARMS 

All  price*  a«d  stzea.    Free  Hat  •■  avrllcatlaa. 
WM.B.  PIZZINI  CO.,  Richmond.  Va. 


•  -«-•      VIRGINIA   FARMS      •■^9 

Nice  little  poultry  farm,  100  acres,  good  house 
and  orchard,  {.WO.OU.     Blue  Qrats,   Stock  and 
Prult  Farms.    Address  PORTER  &  GATK8, 
Louisa,  Va. 

"Crop  Growing 
and  Crop  Feed  ng." 

By  Prof.  W.  f.  massey. 
383  Pp.    Cloth,  $1.00;  Paper.  60c. 

We  offer  this  ipIendU  wark  li  c*B>*e- 
tion  with  the  SOUTHERN  PLANTER 
at  the  following  price*: 

Southern  Planter  and  Cloth 

Bound  Volume.  $I.2S. 
Southern  Planter  and  Paper 

Bound  Veiume,  90c. 
Old  er  new  aukacrlytleas. 


The  RICHMOND,  FREDERICKSBURG 

and  POTOMAC  R.  R. 
and  WASHINGTON  SOUTHERN  R'Y 

Form  the  Linlj  connecting  the 
Atlantic  Coast  Line  R.  R., 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  R.  R., 
Chesapeake  and  Ohio  R'y, 
Pennsylvania  R.  R., 
Seaboard  Air  Line  R'y 
and  Southern  R'y. 

Between  all  points,  via  Richmond,  Va. 

Fast  Mail,  PaHenesr  aa4  Bxyre**  lUut*  k«- 
tween  Richmond,  Fre4erlek*knrf,  Alauja- 
drla,  WashlngtcB,  Baltiaare,  rklla4el«kU, 
New  York,  B*et»n,  PltUkarc,  BuCal*  aad  All 
PolaU  N*rtk,  East  aid  Wcat. 

W.  P.  TAYLOR.  Traffic  Manager.Richmond,  Va. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


785 


FARMS  FOR  SALE! 

No.  16. 
130  acres — 20  acres  hardwood,  bal- 
ance in  good  state  of  improvement,  and 
a  splendid  quality  of  red  clay  subsoil; 
50  acres  in  wheat  and  timothy;  20 
acres  in  meadow,  balance  is  new  land, 
and  will  be  for  com  next  spring.  Situ- 
ated In  excellent  neighborhood  of  re- 
fined people.  Twenty-two  miles  from 
Washington,  5  miles  from  Herudon 
Station.  Fronts  on  pike.  Comfort- 
able 4-room  house  and  all  buiMin"' 
Farm  watered  by  large  branches. 
Price,  $20.00  per  acre.  Terms,  to  suit 
purchaser. 


No.  17. 
80  acres — 15  acres  in  hardwood,  bal- 
ance in  grass,  except  20  acres  for  corn. 
Fronts  on  pike;  5  miles  from  railroad 
station.  Watered  by  large  branch. 
All  in  good  state  of  cultivation.  No 
buildings.  Price,  $18.00  per  acre.  Easy 
teritis. 


No.  18. 
385  acres  in  lower  Loudoun  county, 
only  23  miles  from  Washington;  40 
acres  In  hardwood,  balance  in  good 
state  of  cultivation,  divided  into  8 
fields,  with  running  water  in  all;  well 
fenced;  adopted  to  grain  and  grass. 
Two  good  cattle  barns,  a  good,  comfor- 
table 7-room  dwelling,  with  a  large, 
bold  spring  within  50  yards,  an  dall 
necessary  autbuildings.  Situated  ii 
miles  from  Sterling  Station.  This 
farm  has  137  fine  stock  sheep  and  21 
fat  cattle  weighing  1,200  pounds  now; 
80  acres  sown  in  wheat  and  rye;  50 
acres  in  meadow  and  balance  of  fields 
and  pasture.  If  bought  within  the 
next  60  days  the  wheat  and  sheep  will 
go  with  the  farm.  Price,  $8,000,  on 
easy  terms.    Write  for  full  description. 


No.  19. 
215  acres  in  upper  Fairfax  county, 
20  miles  from  Washington;  6  miles 
from  railroad;  fronts  on  pike;  near 
village  with  stores,  post-office,  churches 
and  shops.  Splendid  brown  chocolate 
clay  soil.  Seven  fields,  watered  by 
branches  and  springs.  A  good  6-room 
frame  house  and  all  necessary  farm 
buildings;  60  acres  sown  in  wheat  and 
grass;  25  in  rye  and  grass;  30  in 
meadow,  balance  in  pasture  and  for 
corn — all  in  good  condition.  Price, 
$25.00  per  acre;  one-third  cash,  balance 
on  6  years'  time,  if  desired. 


No.  5. 
Contains  163  acres;  one-half  under 
cultivation;  balance  in  second-growth 
timber.  Good  seven-room  dwelling  and 
necessary  outbuildings;  good  orchard 
in  fine  fruit  section.  Farm  lies  near 
Southern  railroad,  twenty  miles  from 
Washington;  well  watered;  a  spleiidi 
dairy  farm.     Price,  $2,000. 


Farm  No.  2. 
Contains  265  acres;   215  under  culti- 
Tatjion;     50    acres    original    oak    and 


hickory.  Fronts  on  the  pike  running 
from  Winchester  to  Alexandria;  five 
miles  from  r^ailroad;  on!e-half  mile 
from  proposed  electric  railroad.  Ex- 
cellent six-room  dwelling  house,  with 
broad  halls,  standing  in  a  large,  nicely- 
shaded  blue-grass  lawn;  all  necessary 
outbuildings;  land  chocolate  clay,  with 
stiff  clay  subsoil;  all  level,  but  rolling 
enough  to  drain  well;  fine  for  wheat 
and  grass;  well  watered.  Owner  con- 
templates making  improvements.  But 
if  sold  before,  price  $25  per  acre,  on 
easy  terms. 


I  have  a  number  of  other  good  farms 
for  sale,  both  large  and  small.     Writo 
for  description  and  state  just  what  you 
want,  and  will  be  glad  to  serve  you. 
W.  *E.  MILLER,  Herndon,  Va. 


LIGHT   ON  A  DARK   SUBJECT. 

"V  see  by  the  newspaper,'  says 
Smith,  "that  the  whale  that  swallowed 
Jonah  was  recently  killed  in  the  Med- 
iterranean, and  in  its  stomach  they 
found,  written  on  parchment,  the  diary 
that  Jonah  kept  during  the  three 
days — — " 

"You  can't  make  me  believe  any  of 
that  stuff,"  interrupts  Brown.  "In  the 
first  place,  how  could  Jonah  see  to 
write  his  diary?" 

"Why,"  says  Smith,  "don't  you  sup- 
pose the  whale  had  pains  in  his  stom- 
ach?"— November  Lippincott's. 


CANT-HOOK  VS.    STEAM. 

Before  the  introduction  of  the  steam 
log  turner  in  its  practical  application 
to  the  portable  saw  mill,  the  owner  of 
such  a  rig  worked  at  a  very  serious  dis- 
advantage as  compared  with  the  larger 
mill  and  its  labor-saving  devices. 

There  has  been  one  cause  of  wasted 
time  and  labor  in  the  operation  of  the 
portable  mill  that  has  heretofore  been 
unavoidable.  This  was  the  necessity 
of  waiting  at  every  occasion  for  turn- 
ing the  log  on  the  carriage,  while  any- 
where from  one  to  three  men  "wres- 
tled" it  over  with  cant-hooks.  In  the 
meantime,  the  engine  was  running 
idle.  However,  the  perfection  of  a 
really  practical  log  turner  has  been  ac- 
complished by  the  A.  B.  Farquhar  Co., 
makers  of  the  celebrated  Farquhar 
Portable  Mills  and  the  Ajax  Centre 
Crank  Engines.  This  is  the  only  de- 
vice of  its  kind  that  can  be  used  with 
a  portable  mill.  By  increasing  the 
daily  output  without  the  necessity  for 
an  increase  of  power  and  at  an  actual 
decrease  in  operating  expense,  it  very 
materially  swells  the  net  profits.  Any 
mill  man  interested  in  the  most  recent 
and  up-to-date  improvements  in  en- 
gines and  saw  mill  machinery  should 
write  the  A.  B.  Farquhar  Co.,  Ltd., 
York,  Pa.,  for  further  information  and 
free  catalog.  It  pays  well  to  keep 
posted. 


VICTOR  BOOK 


ion.  Tliere's  pointers  thal:iiay 

dol  lars  to  you.  We  pay  freiijlit. 

intee    goods    as   describe!  or 

(iney    back.      The  book  Is    free. 

Write  for  it  to-day.     Po<;tal  will  do. 

GEO.  ERTEL  CO.,  Quincy,  111. 


g^u 

EASY  MONEY 

" 

is   made  by  ioatalline   a     Jlnwkcye 
Incubotor.     Little   cost,   little   cr*..*, 
results  sure,  profits  large.     SU   l»uw* 
Free  Trial.  CaUlogne  free.  Mention 
UiiB  paper.— Hawkeye   Iiipobutor 
0».,  Box  49,  Ncwtan,  Iowa. 

CHICKS    THAT    LIVE 

get  stronp  and   healthy— gaii 
steadily  iu  weight,  are  chick__ 
hatched  in  Koliable  Incubators 

The  Reliable 

provide:^  automatically  a  constant  ] 
current  of  odorless,   warm  air  at  a  j  *i.Tj       .,- 

uniform  temperature — chicks  pip.  hatch  and  thrive  a» 
der  its  nature-like  conditions.  Send  10  cents  and  ^«k 
our  ''Olh  annual  cntaloc-— full  of  poultry  information. 

Reliable  Incubator  and  Brooiler  Co.,  Boi    B-li  •  QuiRcy,  ill. 


BUILT  TO  LAST 

Never  outclassed— Sure  Hatch 
Incubators.  Built  better  than 
yourhouse.  No  hot  centers;  no 
chillinp  draughts  on  sensitive 
eairs.  Every  cubic  inch  in  egg 
chamber  at  uniform,  blood  tena- 
perature  of  fowl.  It's  acontinual 
pleasure  to  batch  nearly  every 
fertile  egg:  with  a  Sure  Hatch. 
Free  catalogue  .  D  3S  with  plcturea  tellf  liv«Iy  story. 


Mention  the  Southern  Planter  whe* 
corresponding  with  advertiser!. 


PINELAND 


INCUBATORS  hatch  greaie 
number  of  finest  chicks. 
BROODERS  have  never  b<< 


FIDELITY   FOOD 

FOR  YOUNG  CHICKS 

Used  everywhere  by  practical  poultrymen  md 
specialist  fanciers  with  unfailing  succes.'i.  In- 
sures perfect  health  and  promotes  rapid  grovi  th 
Concise  catalogue  from 

Pineland  Incubator  and  Brooder  Co.,  Box  M. 
Jamesburg,  N.  J.,  U.  S.  A 


ssssr 


Little  Chicks 

thrive  when  fed  on  our 

BABY  CHICK  FOOD. 

A  perfect  balanced  food.    Sendifor  free 

sample  and  our  large  Illustrated  catalog 

of  POULTRY  SUPPLIES, 

INCUBATORS  and 

BROODERS. 

FANCIERS'  SUPPLY  CO., 

S17-519  West  Broad  St., 

Richmond,  Va. 

EVERYTHINQ    FOR    THE    FANCIER. 


Charlie  brown,     =     Cartersville,  Va. 

BREEDER    .^XD  SHIPPER  OF    niOH-CLASS  — 

riammoth  Bronzo  Turkeys,  Barred 
Plymouth  Rock  Chickens,  Bmbdea 
Qease  and  Pekin  Ducks.  Young  stod 
FOR  SALE.  My  strains  consist  of  tl 
best  blood  that  money  can  buy.  Sa^i  ■ 
faction  guaranteed. 


786 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTEE. 


[December 


EDGEWOOD   STOCn  FARM. 

Scotch  Collies.        White   Wyandottes. 
COLLIE    PUPS    ready,    all    with    full,    white 
marks,    sables    and    blacks.    Beautiful:    Both 
parents     trained.    Best     blood     In     America. 
Order  quick.    JIC,  $7. 

WHITIO  WYANDOTTES— Best  strains  for 
laying  and  beauty.  White  Wyandottes  are 
prettiest  chickens  on  earth.  We  offer  Cock- 
erels and  Pullets.  You  rarely  find  such  Pul- 
lets for  Jl.  Get  ten  pullets  nnd  cockerel  at 
special  offer.  H.  B.  ARBUCKLE, 

Ma.xwelton,  W.  Va. 

OAKSHADE  n    B.  Turkeys 
and  Huguenot  W.   Wyandottes, 

:   FOR  SALE    : 

Raised  on  400  acre  blue  grass  farm— the 
best  1  haveeverseen.  Ejigsfroui  White, 
BuffanJ  Partridge  Wvamlottesin  season 
Address  Huguenot  Poultry  Yards, 
...  Dublin.  Va. 


FINE  TURKEYS.  '^^^^ 


FOR   BRF.EDEUS.' 


The  JIammoth  Bronze  Is  the  finest  speci- 
men of  turkey  in  the  world.  I  do  not  hesi- 
tate to  say  that  I  have  the  finest  birds  In 
Virginia.  If  you  will  file  your  orders  now 
you  will  get  choice  ones  out  of  a  choice 
flock.  I  also  have  a  few  Barred  Plymouth 
Rocks  tor  sale.  My  fowls  are  all  thorough 
bred.    Write  for  circulars  and   rates. 

PIEDMONT   POULTRY    PLACE, 
Miss  E.  Callie  Giles,  Prop.       .       WbiUle's  Depot,  Va. 

FIRST  CLASS   FOWLS 

FOR  SALE,  CHEAP. 

Barred,  Buff  and  White  Plymouth  Rocks, 
White  Wyandottes,  Light  Brahmas,  Buff  and 
Partridge  Cochins,  BSack  flinorcas.  Black 
Langsbans,  Brown  and  White  Leghorns. 

Now  Is  the  time  to  secure  bargains. 
Oakland  Poultry  Farm, 

0.  J.  WARINER,  Mgr..  RiTFIX,  X.  C. 

FOR  S\LE. 

Pure  BARRED  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS,  MAM- 
MOTH BRONZE  TURKEYS,  TOULOUSE 
GEESE  AND  PEA  FOWLS.  Will  exchange 
tor  good  Berkshire  or  Poland-China  pigs. 
MRS.  W.  P.  JACKSON,  Olga,  P.  O.,  Amelia 
county,  Va. 

COCKERELS,     (WycUoff  strain  ) 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS. 

To  make  room  I  will  sell  at  $1.50 
each.     For  prize  winners  write  to 
C.  G.  M.  FINK,  Rosneath  Road, 

Henrico  county,  Va. 


BROWN   LEGHORNS. 

Young  stock  for  sale  in 
Fall.     Prices  reasonable. 
White   Plymoath    Rocks. 
R.W.  HAW.Jr.,        -        -        Centralia,  Va, 


Bargains  in  FINE  COCKERELS, 

|L50  each  for  a  short  time  to  make  room — 
8J  beat  varieties.  Large,  illustrated  Catalogue 
free  for  atamps.    Write  to-day. 

VALLEY  POULTRY  FARMS. 
.1   E.  HEATWOLE,  Propr.,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 


THE  PEST  OF   SPARROWS. 

The  government  has  again  been  giv- 
ing some  attention  to  the  English  spar- 
row and,  while  at  this  writing  no  defi- 
nite statistics  are  obtainable,  it  is 
roughly  estimated  that  there  are  up- 
wards of  a  hundred  million  of  the  lit- 
tle feathered  creatures  in  this  coun- 
try. The  sparrows  have  long  ago  been 
voted  a  pest,  but  it  was  not  until  re- 
cently that  strenuous  efforts  have  been 
made  toward  their  extermination. 

"Equip  the  boys  with  the  Stevens 
rifle,"  says  a  well  known  Washington 
official,  "and  the  sparrow  question 
won't  be  a  matter  of  doubt  very  long." 

This  thought  is  right  in  line  with 
the  ideas  that  the  J.  Stevens  Arms  & 
Tool  Co.,  of  Chicopee  Falls,  Mass.,  the 
well  known  firearm  makers,  have  been 
advocating  for  some  time.  The  Stev- 
ens people  have  been  urging  the  use 
of  the  small  calibir  rifir  on  finnjs 
where  not  only  the  sparrow,  but  wood- 
chucks,  squirrels,  crews,  hawks  are 
also  sources  of  nuisance. 

As  a  general  proposition  it  does 
scetii  reasonable  to  believe  that  a  man 
or  boy,  armed  with  a  "Stevens"  and  in- 
siriicted  in  its  use,  oould  soon  rid  the 
ne.Khborhood  of  the  liviii.?  crop  de- 
slvoyors  at  a  small  outlav  nd  have  a 
lOt  of  fun  himself  whila  doing  the 
wovJi. 


The  clothespress  is  a  swell  affair  for 
garments  nice  and  neat;  the  hay  press 
is  a  good  machine  and  does  its  work 
complete;  the  cider  press  is  lovely  with 
its  juice  so  red  and  sweety  but  the 
printing  press  controls  the  world  and 
gets  there  with  both  feet. 


LEHMAN  CARRIAGE  HEATER. 

The  recent  spell  of  keen  weather  has 
probably  made  many  of  our  readers 
wish  for  some  means  of  keeping  their 
buggies  warm,  thereby  adding  to  the 
comfort  of  enforced  travelling.  Leh- 
man Bros.,  of  New  York,  have  solved 
this  problem  exactly  in  their  Lehman 
Heater.  This  is  a  simple  and  cheap 
device,  ond  serves  the  purpose  for 
which  it  was  intended  most  admirably. 
Look  up  the  advertisement  and  send 
for  catalogue  and  prices. 


"It  is  said,  though  there  is  no  evi- 
dence to  substantiate  the  assertion, 
that  a  restaurant  in  Philadelphia  al- 
ternates Scriptural  texts  with  busi- 
ness epigrams,  and  that  the  result  is 
something  like  this:  "The  Lord  giv- 
eth  and  the  Lord  taketh  away;" 
"Watch  your  hats  and  overcoats;" 
"Man  shall  not  live  by  bread  alone;" 
"Try  our  hamburger  steak  with  on- 
ions, 20  cents:"  "Take  no  thought  for 
your  life,  what  ye  shall  eat  or  what 
ye  shall  drink:"  "Welsh  rabbit  and 
Lobster  a  la  Newburg  to  order;"  "The 
wind  passeth  over  it,  and  it  is  gone, 
and  the  place  thereof  shall  know  it  no 
more;"  "We  positively  cannot  be  re- 
sponsible for  umbrellas  or  personal 
property."- — Ex. 


White    Wyandottes,    Buff    Leg- 
horns, Bronze  Turkeys. 

I  can  supply  a  few  trios  of  White 
Wyandotte  Cockerels  and  Pullets.  Im- 
mediate delivery.     Fine  layers. 

Buff  Leghorn  Cockerels  of  extra  fine 
laying  strain  ready  for  delivery  In  No- 
vember. 

Bronze  Turkeys  in  pairs  or  trios. 
All  at  reasonable  prices. 

One  U.  S.  Separator  in  perfect  re- 
pair. Capacity  350  pounds  milk  per 
hour.     Cost  J125.     Price,   $50. 

A.  R.  VENABLE,  Jb., 
Milnwood  Dairy  Farm. 

P.  O.  Box  147,  Farmville,  Va. 


Barred  and  White 

PLYMOUTH  ROCKS 

Single  and  R.  C.  B.  Leghorn,  S.  L. 
Wyandottes,     Light    Brahma    and    B. 
Minorca  Cockerels  for  sale.     $1  per  sin- 
gle bird;  a  trio  for  J3. 
J.  B.  JOHNSON,  Clover  Hill  Farm, 

Manassas,  Va. 


SILVER-LACEDJ  :^ 

"WYANDOTTES. 

New  blood,  choice  specimens, 
itrong  and  healthy  birds  of 
fine  plumage,  ready  for  atiip- 
ment  at  tl.OO  each.  Also 
pure-bred  POLAND-CHINA 
PIGS  at  $5.00  each 

Dr.  H.  H.  LEE, 

Lexington,   Va. 


-    3  M.  P.  D.  5    ^ 

The  above  stands  lor 

TRIO   MAMMOTH    PEKIN   DUCKS 

S.5.00  as  long  as  they  last. 

PERFaCTION  POLAND-CHINAS, 
PROTECTION  DUROC  JERSEYS, 

Only  the  best  is  bred  at  The  Cedars. 


-FOR  SALE- 


n    B.  Turkevs,  Pekin  Ducks,   White  Wyan- 
dottes, S.  C.   B.   Leghorn.5  (the  great  Winter 
lavurs)  and   B.  P.  Rock  ohlokens.    Order  Now, 
arid  get  the  best.    Miss  CLARA  L.  SMITH, 
Caroline  Co.  Croxton,  Va. 


Pure  bred  B.  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  hens  and 
pullets  from  a  good  laying  strain.  Also 
young  Black  Minorca  Roosters. 

MISS  S.  M.  HITER, 
Ellisville,  Louisa  Co.,  Va. 

PURE-BRED 

M.     BRONZE     TURKEYS,    GOLDEN    and 
SILVER    PENCILED   HAMBURG   and   BAR- 
RED PLYMOUTH   ROCK  Chickens.     Eegs  In 
se*s«B.    Fersale  by  T.  .1.  WOOLDRIoac, 
French   Hay,   Va. 

MAMMOTH   BRONZE  TURKEYS 

FOK  SALE     Api  ly  to 

K.  E   OKKE   Crazet,  Va. 

1  llPnOl  PflATO  "'■^  handsome,  hardy  and 
ANuUnA  UUAlO  prolilable  For  large  cir- 
cular address  E.  W.  COLE  &  CO.,  Big  Clilty,  Ky. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERlSr  PLANTER. 


787 


ITOCK  LICK  IT 
TDCKLIKEIT 


BLACKMAN'S 
MEDICATED 

SALT  BRICK 

I  The  only  gn»r»nte«(l  Tonic,  Blood  Panl- 
fler,  Kidney  and  Liver  Regulator  snd 
alder  of  Digestion  iot  all  stock.  A 
Bure  hit  on  worms.  Tioia  cannot  live. 
No  dosing,  no  dreacbing,  aod  nowaato 
of  feed,     your  liorso   his  own  doctor. 

1  Endorsed     hy    thousands 


BUdunaa  St«ck  Remedy  Co. 

RW  Highland  Park,  Ohattanoosa.Tenn. 


LuiRp 


Save  tbe  animal— save  vourl 
I  herd — cure   every    caso 
[  Lump  Jaw.    The  disoasi 

■  in  time,  and  it  spreads.  Only  oneway  1! 
:e  it— use  ' 

Fleming's  Lump  Jaw  Cure 

I  No  trouble-rub  it  on.  Nnripk-vour  money  I 
back  if  it  ever  fails.  U:^f  d  f..r  seven  years 
by  nearly  all  the  big  stockmen.    Free  book  I 

I  tells  you  more. 

'e^i\d  Ril\g-!20I\e 

Once  hard  tn  cure— easy  now.    A  liS-min- 
ute  treaiiii'^tif  iI^-l-p  it.      j  o  "iliLi-  ineLliod  j 
eo  easy— uu  uibcr  method  ; 

Fleming's  Spavin  and  Ringbone  Paste  j 

cures  even  the  worst  cases— none  too  old 
or  bad.  M  mey  batk  If  it  ev.^r  lails.  Fr- 
,  Illu»trul4'd  honk  abnut  L  mp  J:: 
5pavin,  Rincbone.  S-lmt,  !'■  ■,'  Si«j\ 
and  oiher  Slock  ailnu-iKf'.  Writ©  fur 
FLEMING  BROS,,  Chemists, 

250rnIoii  Stock  YurJ«,  Chh?aeo,  111. 


A  medicine  which  makes 
side  jnimAls  well,  the  diseased 
whole,  the  weak  strong  and  ihe 
thin  fit.  1:  will  restore  lost  Appetite, 
cipcl  Worms  and  cure  Chronic  Cough, 
Hejves,  Infiuenia.  DistcmF*r,  Hide- 
bound, Indigestion,  Constipaticn,  Fht- 
kutencY  ard  all  Storrudi  and   B.:'wcl 


CATTLE 
POWDER 


DAVID  E.fOUTZ 

SMr/Afd/?£,MO. 


DEATH  TO  HEAVES         newtoN'S  Hean.  c*utK  ^^ 

tiaaranteed  ^^^       temper    and  lAdi^itlva  Ou»* 

ary  specific  for  wlod. 


WITH  THE  ADVERTISERS. 

H.  P.  Coleman  &  Son,  Mulberry  Gap, 
Tenn..  are  otferiug  some  choice  Aber- 
deen Angus  cattle  in  this  issue. 

M.  T.  Thompson,  Rio  Vista,  has  for 
sale  1,000,000  cabbage  plants  and  50,- 
000  dahlia  and  canna  bulbs.  Look  up 
his  ad. 

C.  E.  Clapp,  owner  of  the  Rosemont 
Herefords,  has  a  special  announcement 
in  this  issue.  He  is  offering  some 
splendid  young  stock  at  bargain 
prices. 

The  Bowmont  Farms  have  some 
choice  Yorkshire  pigs  for  sale.  There 
are  some  48  about  ready  for  shipment. 
Look  up  the  ad  and  send  in  your  order 
at  once. 

H.  Armstrong  is  offering  Dorset 
sheep  and  Hereford  catUe  in  another 
column.  Some  good  stock  at  reason- 
able prices  can  be  had  here. 

Wilson  Bros,  are  advertising  a  splen- 
did bone  mill  in  another  column. 

C.  E.  Jones,  Carysbrook,  Va.,  has  a 
splendid  offering  of  Aberdeen  Angus 
cattle. 

Some  splendid  farms  in  Piedmont 
Virginia  can  be  bought  of  W.  E.  Miller, 
who  has  a  large  ad  on  another  page. 

The  Smith  Manure  Spreader  Is  be- 
ing offered  to  our  readers  again  this 
season.     Look  up  the  ad. 

The  Huguenot  Poultry  Yards  are  of- 
fering some  excellent  stock  at  present. 

The  Sure  Hatch  Incubator  ad  makes 
its  appearance  in  this  number,  this  be- 
ing its  second  season  With  us. 

Mr.  Wm.  S.  Myers,  director  of  the 
Chilian  Nitrate  Works,  has  an  ad  In 
this  issue,  which  will  interest  many  of 
our  readers.  • 

Several  parties  are  advertising  for 
farm  managers  and  several  farm  man- 
agers are  advertising  for  positions  in 
this  number. 

Mr.  F.  G.  Hogan,  the  well-known 
Kentucky  breeder,  has  a  card  in  this 
number.     Look  up  his  ad. 

Rosedale  Stock  Farm  is  advertising 
Aberdeen  Angus  in  another  column. 

The  Star  Pea  Huller  is  offered  our 
readers  in  this  issue.  Look  up  the  ad 
and  write  for  prices. 

The  Newton  Dehorner  is  advertised 
by  the  H.  H.  Brown  Mfg.  Co. 

The  Achme  Harrow  is  offered  to  our 
readers  again  this  season.  Mr  D.  H. 
Nash,  manufacturer,  would  like  to  send 
one  out  on  trial  to  any  one  interested. 

Look  up  the  ad  of  the  Cyphers  Incu- 
bator Co. 

Dorset  Sheep  and  Collie  Pups  are  ad- 
vertised by  H.  B.  Arbuckle.  We  invite 
attention  to  these  ads. 

Another  new  ad  in  this  issue  is  that 
I  of  E.  W.  Evans  &  Co.,  commission  mer- 
chants, Richmond,  Va. 


Mr.  Charlie  Brown,  Cartersville,  Va., 
a  new  advertiser  in  this  issue,  won  first 
prize  on  Bronze  Turkeys,  Embden 
Geese,  and  Pekin  Ducks  at  the  Rich- 
mond Poultry  Show,  now  in  progress. 


Horse  Owners!   Use 

OOUBAULT'S 

Caustic 


Balsam 


iSafe  Speed;  and  FositiveCDrc 
Tlip  Saftat,  Seat  BLISTER  ever  used.  Takea 
the  place  of  all  Unimenis  for  mild  or  severe  action. 
Removes  Bunches  or  Blemishes  from  Horace 
J?i2  fi'-JflfA  SUPERSEDES  ALL  CAUTERY 
OR  FIRING.  ImfosnbU  to  produce  scar  or  bUmiaS, 
Every  bottle  sold  is  warranted  to  give  satisfaction 
Price  (1. 50  per  bottle.  Sola  by  drucKists,  oi 
lent  by  express,  charsea  paid,  with  full  directionc 
for  its  use.  Send  for  descriptive  circulars. 
rHB  LAWRSNCB-WnXIAMS  CO..  Cleveland   Ot, 


Mention    the    Southern    Planter    In 
writing. 


Mammoth  Bronze  Turkeys, 
Poland-China    Pigs, 

from  best  prize  winning  stock.     Special 
prices  for  December. 

Red  Polled  Cattle, 
Shetland   Ponies. 

A  good  saddle  horse;  fine  jumper. 

Arrowhead  Stock  Farm, 

SAM'L  B.  WOODS,  Prop.,     Charlottesville,  Va. 


THOROUGH-BRED... 

Berkshire  Boars, 
Dorset  Buck  Lambs, 
Jersey  Bull  Calves. 

All  stock  in  best  of  condition  and 
guaranteed  as   represented. 
F.  T.  ENGLISH,  GUYS,  Q.  A.  CO.,  Md. 


FGR    SaLEi. 

Large  English  Berkshire  Hogs, 
i^arred   Plymouih  Rock  Chickens 

BEN.  BOLT,  60747,  430  Iba.  aa  a  yearlUc  At 
head  of  herd.       r-TEGGS  IN  SEASON. 
JOHN  P.  FOSTER,  Nocreek,  Ohio  Co.,  Ky. 


.Berkshire    Pigs. 

M.  B.  Turkeys  from  prize  winning 
.strains.  Barred  and  White  Plymouth 
Rocks.         W.  F.  FLANAGAN, 

Christianslnirg,  Va. 


.BEHKSHIRES. 

A  Few  Boar  Pigs  For  Sale. 

By  Mason  of  Biltmore  II,  (6S548)  from 

Registered  sow.s — nothing  but  Biltmore 

bio  jd  in  my  herd.    ROBERT  HIBBERT, 

Charlottesville,  \  a. 


Poland  Chinas,  Chester  Whites  and 
Mammoth  Bronze  Turkeys  at  Far- 
mers  prices 

S.  M.  WISECARVER, 

Rustbui.^,  Va. 


788 


THE  SOUTHERN^  PLANTER. 


[December 


SfIaVe  ANGUS  CATTLE 


Lucre  of  Glendale,  56156; 
Jetson  2nd  of  Clear  Lake, 
Imp.  BrignoU  of 
I  Ballandalloch,  will  make 
1  herds  famous. 

Also  othtr  youne  stock 
f/^/  for  sale,  suitable  for  beef 
^   -^s^^^    -r       breeding, 
^^m^i^      •"""*  ^-  '  °-  ^-  "'UNLOVE, 


MiLTli 


,  Ind. 


ANGUS  BULL  CALVES 

SIRED    BY  THE 
Champion    Bull    BARON    IDA. 

These  calve.s  are  choice  individuals. 

ENGLISH  SETTER  PUPS. 
Sire  and  dam  prize  winners. 
WARREN  RICE,  Winchester,  Va. 

FfFrCOLEMAN  &  SONS, 

MULBERRY    GAP.    TENN., 

BREEDERS    OF — 

ABERDEEN=ANQUS  CATTLE. 

JANNET'S  KING,  48271,  greatest 
•on  of  ValUnt  Knight  II.,  29331,  first 
prlz«  bull  at  all  three  of  the  Interna- 
tional shows,  heads  the  herd.  Visi- 
tors and  correspondence  Invited. 
Young  things  for  sale. 

FOR   SALE  a    Farmer's  Prices 

A  Choice  Lot  of  Pure-bred 

ABERDEEN  -  ANGUS 

male  calves  from  6  to  9 
mos.  old .  sired  by  a  bull 
weighing  over  2,U0U  lbs. 
If  you  want  to  breed 
good  beef  cattle,  you 
can  make  no  mistake  in 
getting  the  ANGUS. 
They  can  beat  the  world 
on  long  or  .short  grass.  Also  'J  Angora 
buck  kids  at  §7  each  crated  and  deliver- 
ed at  my  depot.   C.E.  JONES,  Carysbrook,Va. 

ANGUS  CATTLE  FOR  SALE 

Low  Considering  Quality. 


1  Reg.  Bull,  very  fine,  10  mos.  old. 
1  Reg.  Bull,  6  mos  old.  1  Reg.  Bull,  4 
mos.  old.  Lot  of  I  grades  bull  calves. 
1  bull  calf  out  of  a  Hereford  cow  by 
Reg.  Angus  bull  5  mos. 

The  above  stock  are  as  fine  as  can 
be  found  in  Virginia,  and  will  be  sold 
reasonable. 

W.  M.  WATKINS  &  SONS, 

Saxe,  Charlotte  Co.,  Va. 


MAGAZINES. 

The  Christmas  issue  of  the  Century 
Is  one  of  the  finest  ever  sent  out  by  the 
publishers.  The  subject  matter  of  the 
number  and  the  illustrations  are  alike 
good.  The  Century  Magazine  is  an 
old  favorite  with  those  who  know  it 
and  those  who  do  not,  do  not  know 
what  they  miss  in  the  way  of  entertain- 
ing reading  and  high  class  literature  In 
not  taking  the  magazine.  We  can 
supply  it  in  club  with  The  Planter  at 
a  saving  in  the  cost.  See  our  clubbing 
list. 

Lippincott's  Magazine  is  always  a 
welcome  visitor  where  it  is  taken. 
Each  number  contains  a  complete 
novel  by  some  well-known  writer  or 
by  some  new  writer  whose  ability  has 
commanded  the  attention  of  the  Editor. 

The  Review  of  Reviews  is  unique  as 
a  magazine.  It  deals  with  the  current 
events  of  the  day  all  over  the  world 
and  keeps  its  readers  posted  on  all 
questions  of  public  interest  the  world 
over.  It  also  publishes  what  other 
magazines  have  to  say  on  these  sub- 
jects. 

Cosmopolitan.  This  is  one  of  the 
best  cheap  magazines,  and  it  Is  always 
finely  illustrated. 

Don't  forget  that  whatever  magazine 
you  may  select  for  yourself  for  the 
coming  year,  St.  Nicholas  for  young 
folks  belongs  somewhere  in  your  fam- 
ily. No  home  with  children  is  com- 
plete without  it.  It  is  the  best  maga- 
zine of  its  kind  in  the  world.  No  bet- 
ter magazine  can  be  published.  Send 
to  The  Century  Co.,  Union  Square.  New 
York,  for  a  free  specimen  number  and 
see  if  you  are  not  convinced  that  it  Is 
a  necessity  in  your  family.  J3  a  year. 
Less  than  one  cent  a  day.  Is  the  right 
kind  of  reading  for  your  child  worth 
it? 

The  Century  Magazine — "The  best  In 
the  world" — a  strong  statement,  but  a 
true  one.  The  Century  has  led  Amer- 
ican magazines  for  more  than  thirty 
years;  it  publishes  articles  that  make 
people  think,  stories  that  entertain  and 
are  literature,  pictures  by  the  world's 
greatest  illustrators.  Its  illustrations 
in  color  are  unsurpassed.  The  Century 
is  not  cheap  in  any  sense;  it  costs  %i 
a  year,  and  it  is  worth  the  price.  Try 
The  Century  this  year,  if  you  are  not 
already  taking  it.  The  Century  Co., 
Union  Square,  New  Yor. 

The  Century  will  publish  during  the 
coming  year  a  daring  and  unique 
piece  of  historical  writing — namely, 
The  Youth  of  Washington,  told  in  the 
form  of  an  autobiography  by  Dr.  S. 
Weir  Mitchell,  LL.  D.,  author  of  "Hugh 
Wynne."  Dr.  Mitchell,  in  whose  fa- 
mous "Hugh  Wynne"  General  Wash- 
ington appeared  as  a  character  of  the 
novel,  with  general  acceptation,  and 
whose  address  in  Philadelphia  on  Feb- 
ruary 22,  1903.  showed  strong  imagina- 
tive sympathy  with  his  subject,  has 
made  an  exhaustive  study  of  the  here- 
dity, circumstances,  and  events  which 
fitted  the  son  of  a  Virginia  planter  for 
one  of  the  greatest  careers  in  history. 
Dr.  Mitchell  imagines  Washington  sit- 


:  RBQISTERED  : 

SHORTHORN  CATTLE. 

Special  prices  on  bred  cows  and 
cows  with  calf  at  foot  and  bred  again. 
These  calves  are  by  and  the  cows  bred 
to  the  great  winning  bull.  Valley 
Champion.  Some  grand  young  helfera 
and  bulls  always  on  hand  and  for  sale. 
Registered  Duroc  Jersey  hogs. 
IDLEBROOK    FARH, 

FRANK  G.  HOGAN,  Box  D.  O'Ban- 
non,  Ky. 
Geo.  C.  Hardy.  Manager. 


PURE  BRED 

Short   Horn   Calves 

from   fine  Stock.     Also 

Yorkshire   Pigs 

of  very  Prolific  Breed. 

JAS.  n.  HOQE,  Hamilton,  Va. 


SPRINQWOOD      SHORTHORNS. 

SPECIAL    OFFERING. 

4  yearling  bulls,  sired  by  Verbena's  cham- 
pion No.  129881.  One  two-year-old  POLAND 
CHINA  Boar,  a  fine  breeder,  recorded  bred  la 
Ohio,  sired  by  Guy  Wilkes. 

Good  8  weeks'  old  POLAND  CHINA  Plgi, 
J5.00  each.  Pedigrees  furnished  with  all  stock 
sold.     Inspection  invited. 

WM.   T.   THRASHER,    Sprlnfwocd,   Va. 


ELLERSLIE     FARMV_ 
Thoroaghbred  Horses 

AND  SHORTHORN  CAHLE, 

Pure  S«'athdoi)7ii  Ske«p 
and  Berkshire  Pigs. 

Fo«  Sale.     R.  J.  HANCOCK  &  SON, 

CH.\BLOTrESVILLK,  Va. 


COOK'SCREEK  HERD 

Scotch-Topped 
Shorthorns^*. 

Herd    Headed    by    Governor   Tyler,  15S5  48. 
Young  Bulls  for   sale.    Inspection    and    corres- 
pondence Invited. 
HEATWOLE  &  SUTER,  Dale  Enterprise*  Va. 


..  WOODLAND  DORSETS  .. 

Won  6  first  wlt'u  8  possible  at  Columbus,  0., 
7  out  of  8  at  Pontlac,  Mich.,  and  6  out  of  I 
at  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  with  strong  compe- 
tition at  all  three  places.  Our  Fall  Lamb 
crop  from  Imp.  Flower  Ram  la  the  finest 
quality  we  ever  raised. 

J.    B.   ■WING  &  BROS., 
Mechanicsburg,    Ohio. 


DQR_SETSANDHEREFORDS. 

Somt  Exceptionally  Rare  Barfalns  lo  Quick  Bayers. 

My  herd  bull,  bull  calves  and  Dorset 

bucks.    Registered  stock. 
H.  ARMSTRONS,  LANTZ  MILLS,  va. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER. 


789 


REQISTERED 

IMMUNE  HEREFORDS. 

Sale  of  60  head  at  AUBURN,  ALABAMA. 
February  3,  1904. 

Under  the  management  and  auspices  of  the 
Alabama  State  Experiment  Station.  Thti 
consignment  Is  a  pick  of  four  of  the  best 
herds  In  Kentucky.  Bulls  and  Females  of 
ages  to  suit  all.  IMMUNE  to  Southern  fever 
by  INOCULATION. 

For  particulars  and  Illustrated  catalogues 
address  QILTNER  BROS.,  Eminence  Ky.,  or 
Auburn,  Ala. 

We  have  a  choice  lot  of  cows,  bulls  and 
belters  tor  sale  at  our  Kentucky  Farms. 
Prices  are  reasonable.  Write  us  before  buy- 
ing elsewhere. 


V.P.I. 

Farm  Bulletin 

We  are  now  offering  some  choice  young 
'Bulls  of  the  foUowiug  breeds: 

Shorthorn,  Hereford,  Aberdeen-Angus. 

Write  lit  once  for  pHiligrcer^  and  prices. 

D.  0.  NOURSE,  Prof,  of  Agr. 
Blacksburg,  Va. 


Bd  A. 


JERSEY  BULLS 
AND  HEIFERS. 


Swift  Creak  Stock  and  Dairy  Farm 
1^^^^^^^^^^^^  Has  for  sale  a  large  num- 
^^^H^^^^^^^^Bj  ber        nice  young  regla- 

TSt 

None  better  bred  la  the  S*utk.  Csmklning 
closely  tke  most  noted  an4  uy-t*-4at»  kl»o4 
In  America.  Bulls  10  to  12  B*ntks  eld,  |35; 
Heifers,  same  age.  »SS.  FOLAND  CHINA 
PIGS,  a  each.  Sen*  cksck  aB4  get  wkat 
>ou  «'Ut. 

T.  P.  BRASWELL,  Prop."  Battleboro,  N.  C. 

ESSEX    PIGS. 

Some  fine  ones,  not 
related,  from  record- 
'ed  stock;  also30  South- 
down and  Hampshire- 
down  Lambs,  address 
L.  Q    JONES,  Bethania,  N.  C. 

.-.      HAWKLEY  STOCK  FARM      .-. 

Offers  some  very  fine 
BERKSHIRE    PI GS;  also  choice  young 
BOAES.     Nothing  but  Tops  sold.     A  few  fine  S. 
C.  B.  LEGHORN  Cockerels  left :  from  extra  fine 
layers.    J.  T.  OLIVER.  Aliens  Level,  Va. 

:Tr^  0. 1,  c.  PIGS 

It**      FROn   REG.  STOCK. 
EOR  SALE.    PRICES  RIGHT. 
S.   MICHIE,   Charlottesville,  Va. 


-      FOR  SALE 

A  half   SHROPSHIRE   RAM    in   fine  condi- 
tion,   or   will    exchange    for   grade   POLAND- 
CHINA  Pigs.  R.  A.  MAPP, 
Jacksondale,   Va. 


ting  down  at  Mount  Vernon  in  his  old 
age  and  recording,  solel>  for  his  own 
eye,  the  story  of  his  "youthful  life  and 
the  influences  that  aifected  it  for  good 
or  111  "  The  author  has  so  fully  enter- 
ed into  the  habit  of  mind  of  Washing- 
ton that  it  is  impossible  for  the  ordi- 
nary reader  to  separate  in  the  text  the 
passages  taken  out  of  his  actual  writ- 
ings from  those  which  Dr.  Mit"lip'l 
imagines  him  to  write.  No  one  can 
read  this  record  without  obtaining  a 
new  and  vivid  sense  of  the  personality 
of  Washington  and  of  the  remarkable 
experiences  which  made  him  the  man 
for  the  hour  and  for  all  time. 

"The  tinted  illustrations  .  .  .  . 
testify  to  the  steady  progress  of  an  art 
which  must  in  the  end  make  the  maga- 
zine of  more  permanent  and  vital  in- 
terest." 


'nnz  INFLUENCE  OF  THE  YOUTH'S 
COMPANION. 

The  gospel  of  good  cheer  brightens 
every  page  of  The  Youth's  Companion. 
Although  the  paper  is  nearly  seventy- 
seven  years  of  age,  it  does  not  look 
back  on  the  past  as  a  better  period 
than  the  present. 

The  Companion  believes  that  the 
time  most  full  of  promise  is  the  time 
we  are  living  in,  and  every  weekly 
issue  reflects  this  spirit  of  looking  for- 
ward and  not  back. 

To  more  than  half  a  million  Amer- 
ican families  it  carries  every  week  its 
message  of  cheer.  Its  stories  picture 
the  true  characteristics  of  the  young 
men  and  women  of  America.  Its  arti- 
cles bring  nearly  three  million  read- 
ers in  touch  with  the  best  thought  of 
the  most  famous  of  living  men  and 
women. 

Annual  Announcement  Number  fully 
describing  the  principal  features  of 
The  Companion's  new  volume  for  1904 
will  he  sent  to  any  address  free. 

The  new  subscriber  for  1904  will  re- 
ceive all  the  issues  of  The  Companion 
for  the  remaining  weeks  of  1903  free 
from  the  time  of  subscription,  also 
The  Compaion  Calendar  for  1904,  lith- 
ographed in  twelve  colors  and  gold. 
THE  YOUTH'S  COMPANION, 
144  Berkeley  St.  Boston,  Mass. 


REPORTS. 

U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  Bureau  of  Animal 
Industry.  Nineteenth  Annual  Re- 
port, 1902.  This  is  a  most  valua- 
ble report,  and  ought  to  be  in  the 
hands  of  every  stock  keeper.  Ap- 
ply to  your  Senator  or  Congress- 
man for  a  copy. 
Farmers'  Bulletin,  No.  181.  Pruning. 
Bureau  of  Plant  Industry.  Bulletin 
44.     The  Bitter  Rot  of  Apples. 

Arizona  Experiment   Station,    Tuscon, 
Arizona.     Bulletin     46.     The    Un- 
derground Waters  of  Arizona. 
Bee  Products  in  Arizona. 

Kansas  State  Board  of  Agriculture, 
Topeka.  aKn.  Report  for  the 
Quarter,  September  30,  1902. 
Modern  Dairying.  This  is  one  of 
the  most  useful  reports  yet  issued 


-'^'^-"^'^'^^'^'^^^  - 


RERKSHIRE<? 

ANNEFIELD  HERD 

Represents   the 

Finest  Blood  Lines 

in  England  or  America. 

Stock  for  sale  at  all  times, 

Xlorrespondence  Solicited. 

Inspection  invited. 

EDW.  G.  BUTLER,  Annefield  jFarms, 

Briggs,  Clarl<e  Co.,  Va. 


ANQORA  GOATS. 


A  few  pairs  for  sale — High  grade!, 
J15;  Registered,  $40  per  pair. 

JEREMY  IMPROVEMENT  CO., 
SAXE,  VA. 


150  Jacks,  Jennets  and  Mules. 

Beit  assortment  I  ever  swned.  Can 
suit  you  exactly.  Write  for  descrip- 
tion and  prices.  Also 
will  sell  2  Percheron 
BtaUlons  at  close  fij- 
ures. 

BAKER'S  JACK  FARM, 
Lawrent*.  Ind. 


Knight  &  Jetton, 

Breeders  of  and  Dealers  In 

J;icks,   Jennets,   Stallions. 

Durham  and  Hereford 

YEARLINGS. 

Send  stamp  for  Catalogue. 

Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 


!fcs 


Jacks,  Jennets  and  stallions 

FOR  SALE.  riNI  JiCKi  i. 
Sr»ciALTY.  Whtn  writing 
state  exactly  what  yau  wamt 
or  come  ard  B«e  our  itock, 

W.  E.  KNIQHT  &  CO., 
Roote  5.  NuhTllle,  Teoo. 


790 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER. 


[December 


by  this  Board,  and  ought  to  be  In 
the  hands  of  every  dairyman.  Like 
every  report  sent  out  under  the 
hand  of  Mr.  Coburn,  the  able  sec- 
retary of  the  Board,  it  is  worthy 
of  the  highest  praise.  The  Kansas 
Board,  under  the  direction  of  Mr. 
Coburn,  is  one  which  never  re- 
quires to  justify  its  existence.  Its 
works  do  this  for  it.  Would  that 
we  could  say  the  same  of  all  other 
Boards. 

New  Mexico  Experiment  Station,  Me- 
silla  Park.  New  Mex.  Bulletin  47. 
Shade  Trees  and  Other  Ornamen- 
tals. 

Ohio  Experiment  Station,  Wooster,  O. 
Bulletin  141.  The  Maintenance  of 
Fertility. 

Tennessee  Experiment  Station,  Knox- 
ville,  Tenn.  Bulletin,  Vol.  XVI.. 
No.  3.  Corn,  Wheat  and  Soy  Bean 
Meal  for  Pork  Production. 
Bulletin,  Vol.  XVII.,  No.4.  The  In- 
fluence of  Climate  and  Soil  on  the 
Composition  and  Milling  Qualities 
of  Winter  Wheat. 

Virginia  Weather  Service,  Richmond, 
Va.     Report  for  October,  1903. 

Washington  State  College  Bulletin, 
Pulman,  Wash.  The  Dairy  Cow — 
Nature  Study. 

Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture 
for  the  West  Indies,  Barbadoes. 
W.  I.     Agricultural  News. 


THE  KING'S  PLAN. 

A  story  is  told  of  an  attempt  made 
by  a  Swedish  missionary  to  obtain  a 
foothold  in  Abyssinia.  No  sooner  had 
he  begun  to  preach  than  he  was 
brought  before  King  Menelek,  who 
asked  him  why  he  had  left  his  home  In 
Scandinavia  in  order  to  come  to  Abys- 
sinia. The  missionary  promptly  re- 
plied that  he  had  come  to  convert  the 
Abyssinian  .Tews,  who  are  regarded  as 
fair  game  for  the  outside  propagandist. 

"Are  there  no  Jews  in  your  coun- 
try?"  asked   Menelek. 

The  missionary  admitted  that  there 
were  a  few. 

"And  in  all  the  countries  that  you 
have  passed  throusjh  did  you  find  no 
Jews  or  heathen?"  the  king  continued. 

Jews  and  heathen,  the  missionary 
admitted,  were  plentiful. 

"Then,"  said  Menelek,  "carry  this 
man  beyond  the  frontier,  and  let  him 
not  return  until  he  has  converted  all 
the  Jews  and  heathen  which  lie  be- 
tween his  country  and  mine." — Argo- 
vaiit. 


Noah  was  the  first  man  to  advertise. 
He  advertised  the  flood  and  it  came 
all  ri.sht.  The  fellows  who  laughed  at 
the  advertising  got  drowned  and  it 
served  them  right.  Even  since  Noah's 
time  the  advertiser  has  beer  prosper- 
ing, while  the  other  fellow  is  being 
swallowed  up  in  the  flood  of  disaster. 
—Ex. 


A  neat  Binder  for  your  back  nnm- 
bers  can  he  had  for  25  cents.  Addreu 
our  Business  OflBco. 


HOG  BOOK  FREE 


A  copy  of  my  book,  "HOGOLOGY,"  revised 
and  enlarged,  will  be  sent  Free  to  any  hog 
raiser  who  mentions  this  paper  when  asking 
for  it.  A  few  of  the  many  important  subjects 
that  are  thoroughly  covered  in  this  valuable 
book  are:  Descriptions  and  illustrations  of 
the  leading  breeds  of  swine;  swine-record  as- 
sociations; best  location  for  hog-raising;  se- 
lecting a  breed;  what  constitutes  a  good  hog 
for  the  farmer:  value  of  a  good  boar;  value  of 
a  pedigree;  breeding;  care  of  the  sow:  rearing 
fall  pigs;  fecundity  of  sows;  practical  foods; 
the  nint  pig:  when  to  market;  inbreeding; 
anatomy  of  the  hog  (fully  Illustrated):  dis- 
eases and  treatment,  etc.,  etc. 


TRADE-MARK. 


I  Insure  Hogs  and  Pay  for  All  That  Die 

When  my  Remedy  is  used  as  a  preventive.  Write  for  plan.  This  Remedy  Is  a  MEDICINE 
especially  for  hogs,  and  must  not  be  confounded  with  cheap  "stock  foods."  27  years  un- 
equalled success  and  the  biggest  money  maker  for  hog  raisers  known. 

PRICES:— 25-lb.    can,    $12.60;    12V4-lb.    can,  $6.50,  prepaid;  pkgs.,  J2.50,  $1.25  and  50c.  each. 
None  genuine  without  my  signature  on  package  or  can  label. 

JOS.  HAAS,  V.  S.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


I^ARG^B  YOKKSJ»IR£  HOGS 

THE   COMING   BACON   BREED- 
THE    MOST    PROLiriC     BREED- 

48  pigs  from  four  litters,  ready  for  December  delivery — our  Fall 
prices  always  the  lowest. 

INDIAN  GAMES,  the  fashionable  table  fowl. 

WHITE  LEGHORNS,  the  greatest  layers. 

WHITE  WYANDOTTES,  the  best  all  round  fowl.     Also 

JERSEY  BULLS  and  HEIFERS  from  cows  with  recorded  but- 
ter tests  of  18  to  24  lbs.  in  7  days. 

BOWMONT  FARMS,  Salem,  Va. 


BERK5HIRES, 

I  have  just  added  to  my  herd,  2  new  Im- 
ported and  extremely  fancy  BOARS:  1  bred 
by  J.  A.  Fricker,  Burton  Mere,  Wiltshire, 
Eng  ,  and  the  other  from  the  herd  of  K.  VV . 
Hudson,  DanesHeld,  Eng.  Imported  Sir 
John  Bull  and  Uticle  Sam  are  still  in  my 
herd.  I  made  a  large  shipment  of  pigs  Nov.  17th,  having  orders  from  New  York  to 
Mexico  I  rever  was  was  as  strong  on  boar  pigs  as  NOVV.  Both  pigs  and  price  will 
suit  you.     Be  sure  to  start  with  a  new  boar  for  Spring  litters. 

THOS.  S.  WHITE,  Fassifern  Stock  Farm,  Lexington,  Va. 

Remember  me   when   pricing  SHORTHORNS   (Durhams) .     I  also  oSer  i  cars 
of  bright  timothv  hav. 


MAJESTIC  nfu  SHELLER. 


labor-saving^  machine  meets  the  imperative  demands  of 

^  farmers,  feed  stores,  railisaud  elevator  men.  Itisfuruished 

either  mounted  or  unmounted  with  wagon  box  elevator 

or  double  sacking  elevator  as  illustrated.    Its  capacity  la 


-.^ 


75  to  1 00  Bushels  An  Hour. 

Tliemountcilsli.^ll.r  is  peculiarly  adaptp.l  to  carrying  on 

i^  ,1  profitable  n(:iKhburh*)iid  busiuesa  in  custom  shelling. -It  willnot 

*l  '^'^'t^\  choke,  is  pei-teet  working  in  sacking  and  tee.linp;  attaohment.i. 

1^' "    '  .f'^J  1      ISnilt  for  lonjr,  efBcient  service  and  fully  gunrantcod.    We  make  20 

"^        styles  of  shellers,  both  hand  and  power.    Ask  for  free  citalogue. 

KEYSTONE    FARM   MACHINE   CO.,    1 5B4   N.   Baavar  SI.,   York,   Pa. 


1903.]  THE  SOUTHERiS^  PLANTER.  791 


..  FRUIT  and  PODLTBY  FARM .. 

OFFERS  FOR  A  LIMITED  TIME  ONLY  AT  $1,00  EACH: 

400  Barred  Plymouth  Rock  Cockerels  and  Pullets. 

100  S.  C.  Brown  Leghorn        "  "        "     . 

50  White  Leghorn  Pullets. 

30      "      Wyandotte  Cockerels. 

30      "      Plymouth  Rock  Cockerels. 

76  Silver=Laced  Wyandotte  Cockerels  and  Puilets. 

10  Black  Minorca  Cockerels. 

This^stock^is  well-bred  and  will  give  satisfaction.     Also  offer  25  BARRELS  of  WHITE  FRENCH 

and  JERUSALEM  ARTICHOKES  at  $2.00.      Try  them  now  so  you 

will  be  ready  when  it  is  time  to  plant. 

P.  H.  HEYDENREICH,  Prop.,     .'     .'     .'     Staunton,  Va. 

BILTMORE  FARMS,  =  Biltmore,  N.  C.    i 

Headquarters  for  GOLDEN  LAD  JERSEYS, 

Also  Get  of  TREVARTH  and  GEN.  MARIGOLD.     .^   j*  j* 

UOLDEN  LAD  S  SUCCESSOR.  First  and  sweepstake.s  over  all  at  the  Pan-American  Exposition,  the 
champion  JERSEY  BULL  OF  AMERICA,  and  out  of  Golden  Ora,  our  great  prize-winning  cow,  both 
born  and  developed  on  these  Farms,  is  among  om-  service  bulls. 

Biltmore  Jerseys  are  a  combination  of  large  and  persistent  milking  qualities  with  an  individuality 
that  wins  in  the  show  ring. 

SPECIALTY.  Write  for  descriptive  circular  of  the  best  lot  of  young  bull  calves  ever  offered,  both  for 
breeding  and  individuality.  They  are  by  noted  sires  and  out  of  large  and  tested  selected  dams.  Many 
of  the'^e  calves  are  fit  to  show  and  win  in  any  company. 

J^  J^  BILTMORE  POULTRY  YARDS.  j.  J^ 

SPECIALTY.  Write  for  descriptive  circular  of  eggs  from  our  prize-winning  pens.  Over  50  yards  to  select 
from,  made  up  of  the  winners  at  the  leading  shows  for  the  last  two  seasons.  If  you  want  winners  you 
must  breed  from  winners. 

Headquarters  for  the  best  IMPORTED  ENGLISH  BERKSHIRES. 

APPLY  TO  BILTMORE    FARMS,   biltmore,  n.  c. 


792 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[December 


EMILY'S   CHARGE. 
A   Serial   Tale   by    Mary   Washington 

CH.V.PTER    VI. 

About  the  time  Walter  was  fifteen 
to  Emily's  great  relief,  a  way  was 
opened  for  him  to  go  on  with  the 
studies  which  she  no  longer  felt  com- 
petent to  teach  him.  The  clergyman 
of  the  parish,  who  was  an  aocom 
plished  scholar,  made  up  a  class  of 
boys  to  teach  in  those  branches,  three 
times  a  week.  He  had  two  little  daugh- 
ters whom  he  was  anxious  to  have  in- 
structed in  music,  so  Emily  proposed 
an  exchange  of  lessons,  and  as  the 
clergyman  willingly  acceded  to  this 
arrangement,  Emily  had  the  happiness 
of  securing  for  her  brother  those  ad- 
vantages which  she  had  feared  would 
be  out  of  his  reach.  The  clergyman 
proved  a  kind  and  helpful  friend  in 
many  ways.  Amongst  others,  he  lent 
them  many  valuable  new  books  and 
periodicals,  introducing  them  thus  to 
many  fine  writers  who  had  entered  the 
fleld  of  letters  since  they  had  ceased 
to  have  means  to  buy  new  books,  or 
subscribe  to  periodicals.  As  Emily 
had  been  almost  entirely  debarred 
from  periodicals  for  several  years,  it 
was  a  great  enjoyment  to  her  to  have 
access  to  them  again.  It  is  a  kind  of 
literature  that  cannot  be  supplied  by 
any  books,  however  fine,  and  to  per- 
sons living  in  an  isolated  situation  it 
is  esperially  important,  if  they  wish 
to  remain  at  all  in  touch  with  the  out- 
side world  with  its  mighty  onward 
rushing  current  of  spiritual,  intellec- 
tual and  material  activities.  Walter, 
from  not  having  had  many  advantages, 
learned  to  prize  such  as  came  within 
his  roach  in  a  way  that  would  have 
surprised  more  favored  boys  who  are 
apt  to  think  they  are  conferring  an  ob- 
ligation on  their  parents  or  teachers 
when  they  deign  to  avail  themselves 
of  the  educational  advantages  lav- 
ished on  them.  He  was  studious  and 
quick,  so  he  kept  apace  with  the  other 
boys  who  were  preparing  for  college, 
though  there  seemed  no  prospect  of 
his  ever  goin.s  there,  himself.  But 
his  mind  was  so  receptive  of  knowl- 
edge that  Emily  felt  no  uneasiness  now 
about  his  being  an  ignoramus,  even  if 
he  should  never  enter  the  doors  of  a 
college.  He  had  changed  and  devel- 
oped very  much  and  very  rapidly  since 
they  had  lived  at  the  cottage.  He  was 
naturally  of  an  easy,  careless,  pleas- 
ure loving  temperament,  but  the  cir- 
cumstances under  which  he  was  grow- 
ing up  had  done  much  to  counteract 
this  natural  bent  and  to  bring  out 
nobler  traits.  These  simple  and  inno- 
cent modes  of  life,  the  necessity  for  him 
to  exert  and  deny  himself,  his  love  for 
his  sisters,  and  theirs  for  him,  all 
these  things  had  conspired  to  early  de- 
velop the  careless  boy  into  a  manly 
and  thoughtful  youth.  Already  he  was 
beginning  to  assume  a  tone  of  protec- 
tive tenderness  to  his  sisters,  and  Em- 
ily felt  that  the  day  was  not  very  far 
distant  when  he  and  herself  would  re- 
verse positions,  and  she  would  begin 
to  lean  on  and  look  up  to  him. 


Bargains  in  CATTLE. 

Having  sold  my  farm,  I  offer  a  sijlendid  lot  of  cattle  at  very  reas- 
onable prices.     I  must  sell  them  as  I  have  no  place  to  winter  them- 

22  3-yr.  old  Angus  Heifers,    f^  pure). 

2  3-yr.  old  Grade  Sborthorn  Heifers. 

All  of  these  heifers  to  have  their  second  calves  next  year  by  a  Reg.  Angus  Bull. 

18  calves  from  above  Angus  Heifers  by  a  Reg.  Angus  Bull. 

1  half-bred  yearling  Angus  Heifer. 

I  6  mos.  old  half-bred  Angus  H«ifer  calf 

1  Registered  2  yr.  oil  Angus  Bull. 

I  would  like  you  to  come  and  see  these  cattle.     Come  to  Danville,  Va.,  and  take 
the  D.  &  W.  cars  to  Oak  Hill,  Va. 

W.  p.  BETH  ELL,  Wenoda,  Va. 


.  ABERDEEN-ANGUS  CATTLE .. 

The  best  breed  in  the 
world  for  grading  up 
purposes. 

Pure-bred  bulls  from  3 
mos.  to  4  yrs.  old.  Prices 
$50  to  $150  according  to 
age  and  quality. 

None   but   good   indi- 
viduals sent  out. 
Call  and  see  them,  or  write  for  what  you  need. 

ROSEDALE  STOCK  FARM,  Jeffersonton,  Culpeper  Co.,  Va. 


SUNNY     HOME     HERD    OF 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS    CATTLE. 

BAKON  ROSEBOY  57666  by  the  great  GAY  BLACKBIRD,  heads  the  herd. 

Our  motto,  "QUALITY  first,  last,  and  all  the  time."  Our  aim,  to  produce  the 
best  cattle  possible.  Price.s  as  low  as  is  consistent  with  first  quality.  Write  for 
what  you  want  to 

A.  L.  FRENCH,  R.  F.  D.,  Byrdville,  Va. 

Depot  and  shipping  point  Fitzgerald,  Rockingham  Co.,  N.  C,  D.  &  W.  Railway, 
24  miles  southwest  of  Danville,  Va. 


'Jtxyu2t3u:ix>t*xxxi3t3i;<^ 


i  m  OFFER 


a  few  well-bred  registered  Jersey 
Bull  and  heifer  Calves  at  $30  each. 
They  are  four  months  old  and  from  best  strains  of  this 
breed  ;  also  a  few  young  Berkshire  boars  large  enough 
for  service  at  $15  each,  and  pigs  ^eight  weeks  old  at  $6 
each — by  pair  or  trio,  not  akin. 

M.   B.   ROWE  &  CO.,  -  Fredericksburg,   Va 


*>eje««c««««««jx»:jc««wcjcjeje«icjex«^^ 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


793 


But  neither  "the  course  of  true  love' 
nor  any  thing  else  in  this  mortal  life 
is   destined   to   run  smoothly,   always, 
and    this     fact,    the    orphans     experi- 
enced in  the  fourth  year  of  their  so 
journ    at   the   cottage.     That   summer 
being  an  unfortunate  one  for  fruit  and 
vegetables,  they  scarcely  realized  any 
thing  at  all  from  these  sources.    Emily 
looked   forward,   however   to   relieving 
their  little  fortunes  by   means  of  her 
school,   in   the    autumn.     Judge    then, 
what  was  her  dismay  when  the  School 
Trustees  informed  her  (which  tJiey  did 
very  reluctantly)    that  it  was  against 
the  regulations  to  locate  the  school  at 
the  same  place,  that  year  as  it  had  al- 
ready been  located  in  one  place  as  long 
as  it  was  allowable  to  do  so  consecu- 
tively.    They  now  had  to  remove  it  to 
another    locality,    quite    out    of    her 
range,  so  during  the  ensuing  session, 
she  had  to  eke  out  a  scanty  living  by 
teaching   a    small    private     school.      I 
may  anticipate  the  course  of  my  nar- 
rative,   however,    by    saying    that   her 
school  was  given  back  to  her  next  ses- 
sion to  the  great  rejoicing  of  the  chil- 
dren and  neighbors  around  her.     The 
neighbors   had    become    so     much   at- 
tached to  the  orphans  that  during  the 
term  when  Emily  was  deprived  of  the 
public  school,  they  took  care,  in  many 
kind    and   thoughtful   ways,    to    do   all 
they  could  to  fill  up  the  breach,  send- 
ing them   many   substantial    proof.';   ofi 
kindness,  in  the  shape  of  suppers.  Dur- 
ing this  time  of  straitness,  Emily  could 
not  help  having  at  times  a  heart  sink- 
ing  fear    lest     after     all,    their     little 
household  might  have  to  disband,  and 
she  might  have  to  give  up  the  under- 
taking that  was   the  cherished   object 
of  her   life,   but   she   was    enabled   to 
weather  the  storm  by  the  kindness  of 
her  friends  and  neighbors,  the  pittance 
she  got  from  her  few  pupils,  and  the 
proceeds  of  a  silver  urn  and  ladle  she 
had  kept  for  extremities.     These  were 
old  fashioned  pieces  of  silver  that  were 
heirlooms  in  her  mother's  family,  and 
their   kind    friend,    the    clergyman    ef- 
fected the  sale  of  them  to  a  friend  of 
his  who  was  an  enthusiast  about  old 
fashioned    silver   and    articles    in    gen- 
eral.    When  she  heard  the  history  of 
the   orphans,    she    being   wealthy   and 
generous,     as    well    as   kind     hearted, 
added  $25.00  more  to  the  already  lib- 
eral sum  she  had  agreed  to  give  for  the 
silver   so    the    fund    from    this    source 
was  of  very  great  assistance  in  main- 
taining the  orphans.     They  had   been 
living  at  the  cottage  about  five  years 
when,  one  day,  a  visitor  was  announced 
whose   name   was    dimly    familiar   to 
Emily  as  a  memory  of  her  childhood. 
It  was  that  of  a  man  who  had  former- 
ly been  a  friend  and  neighbor  of  the 
Henninghams.  but  who  had  gone  West, 
several  years  before  the  war. 

He  told  her  he  had  recently  re- 
turned from  the  West  and  had  just 
been  to  his  old  neighborhood  where, 
said  he.  "I  felt  disposed  to  quote 
Moore's   lines. 

"I  feel  like  one  who  treads  alone 
Some  banquet  hall  deserted." 


Established    1828. 


75  Years. 


BUIST'S 
GARDEN    SEED5. 

o.  pUR  SPECIALTY  is  the  growing  of  Garden  Seeds  from  Selected  Seed 
Stock.?  Tlie  great  importance  of  following  this  system  for  the  production 
of  Seeds  to  insure  fine  vegetables  is  familiar  to  all  gardeners  ;  if  vegetables 
from  which  seeds  are  grown  are  inferior  or  impure,  so  must  their  product  be. 

Ih  YOU  HAVE  a  Garden,  send  for  Buist's  Qarden  Guide  for  the 
South  ;  edition  for  1904  now  ready. 

'P  YOU  ARE  a  Marked  Gardener,  .send  for  Our  Wholesale  Price 
List  for  Truckers,  now  ready. 

IF  YOU  ARE  a  Country  Merchant,  send  for  Our  Wholesale  Trade 
Price  List,  now  ready. 

ROBERT  BUIST  COMPANY, 

SEED  GROWERS, 

PHILADELPHIA,   PA. 


Reg.  HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN 

CATTLE  of  the  Netherland,  De  Kol,  Clothilde,  Pietertje 

and  Artis  families.     Heavy  milkers  aud  rich  in  butter 

fat.     Stock  of  all  ages  for  sale. 

Reg.     BERKSHIRES     ^''°'"   "^'^^   strains.   Imported     HeadUght,   Lord 
Highclere  and   Sunrise. 

DORSET  SHEEP=^ 

B.  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  CHICKENS, 


N.  <fe  W.  and  Southern  R.  R. 


T.  O.  SANDY,  Burkevllle,  Va. 


Hill  Top  Stock  Farm. 

BERKSHIRE  HOGS  and 
SOUTHDOWN  SHEEP 

=A  Specialty.= 

S.  Brown  Allen,  who  succeeds  H.  A.  S. 
Hamilton  &  Co.  in  the  ownership  and  man- 
iigement  of  this  celebrated  Stock    Farm, 


with  increased  facihties,   will  make  a 


pecialty  of  breeding  Berkshire  Hogs  and  Southdown  Sheep,  without  regard  to  cost 
from  the  purest  and  most  royal  strains  of  imported  blood.  ' 

My  Berkshire:  pigs 

For  this  Fall  dehvery  will  weigh  100  pounds  at  12  weeks  of  age,  and  for  INDIVID- 
UAL MERIT  cannot  be  excelled  in  the  United  States.  They  will  make  show  hogs 
against  any  and  all  competitors  and  are  being  engaged  every  day. 

S.  BROWN  ALLEN,  Staunton,  Virginia,  (Successor  to  H.  A.  S.  Hamilton  &  Co.) 


ABERDEEN  ANGUS  BULLS 

FOR    SALE. 
"'E.vry  BvU  a  SHo-w  Bull." 

The  choicest  lot  of  young  bulls  in  Southwest  Vir- 
ginia, all  out  of  prize  winning  families  at  low  prices. 
Do  you  want  a  bargain?  If  so,  come  and  see  us,  or 
Address  W.  P.  ALLON,  Prop  of  Qlen  Allen  Stock 
Farip,  Walnut  Hill,  Va. 


f94 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[December 


So  changed  was  the  dear  old  place. 
Not  the  least  sad  of  the  changes  was  to 
find  that  your  father  was  dead,  and  his 
children  no  longer  owning  his  old 
home.  I  not  only  wished  to  see  him 
on  account  of  our  friendship,  but  I 
had  some  business  to  transact  with 
him.  I  have  sought  you  out  as  his 
representative." 

"What  is  the  business  you  speak 
of?"  asked  Emily. 

"It  involves  a  little  history  of  which 
I  will  tell  you.  Many  years  ago  I  fell  in- 
to such  business  difficulties  that  noth- 
ing remained  but  for  me  to  wipe  out 
and  start  fresh.  I  had  a  notion  to  try 
my  fortunes  in  the  West,  but  the  Jour- 
ney and  contingent  expenses,  together 
with  some  little  debts  I  had  to  settle 
before  starting  required  about  Jl.OOO. 
Your  father  who  was  very  prosperous 
at  the  time,  volunteered  to  lend  me  the 
sum.  and  declined  to  take  my  bond 
for  it.  saying.  'I  know  you  will  return 
it,  if  you  are  ever  able,  and  if  not,  you 
may  accept  it  as  a  gift.'  I  need  not 
say  this  .eenerous  confidence  bound  me 
more  strenuously  than  any  legal  form 
could  have  done  to  return  the  loan 
whenever  it  was  in  my  power.  I  did 
not  arrive  at  any  sudden  and  fairylike 
prosperity  in  the  West.  Few  people 
do.  Then  our  communication  with  the 
East  was  cut  off  during  the  war,  so  I 
could  not  have  returned  the  money 
then,  even  if  I  had  had  it.  Since  the 
war.  I  have  had  my  ups  and  downs, 
and  have  only  attained  anything  like 
reliable  prosperity  in  the  last  year  or 
two.  But  the  delay  seems  to  have  been 
providential,  for  had  I  paid  this  score 
sooner,  it  might  have  been  swallowed 
up  in  the  general  wreck  of  your  fath- 
er's fortunes.  As  it  is,  I  hope  it  may 
prove  of  some  service  to  his  children." 

With  tears  of  emotion  .  Emily 
thanked  her  kind  friend.  She  had 
known  nothing  of  the  transaction  and 
there  existed  no  proof  of  it  except  on 
his  memeorj'. 

"That  money  was  loaned  me,"  re- 
sumed he.  "long  enough  ago  to  have 
doubled  itself,  if  I  had  borrowed  it 
from  a  regular  money  lender.  There- 
fore I  consider  it  only  just  to  return 
it  to  you  double,"  and  so  saying,  he 
handed  her  his  check  for  $2,000. 

Emily  protested  against  this.  The 
transaction,  she  reminded  him,  had 
been  a  purely  friendly  transaction,  and 
should  not  be  conducted  as  with  a 
money  lender. 

"The  money  your  father  lent  me, 
my  dear  young  lady,  has  1  enofitted  roe 
at  the  time  far  more  than  many  limes 
the  same  sum  would  do  now.  It  gave 
me  a  start,  and  now  I  am  both  willing 
and  able  to  return  it  with  interest,  and 
it  is  only  just  I  should  do  so."  So 
saying,  he  took  his  leave. 

She  then  hastened  to  tell  Walter  and 
Alice  of  their  good  fortune. 

"What  a  windfall!"  exclaimed  Wal- 
ter, in  boyish  glee. 

"Nay."  said  Emily,  reverentially 
raising  her  eyes  towards  heaven.  "Not 
a  windfall,  but  a  God  send." 

Our  readers  may  imagine  the  state 


Black  Leg  Yaccine 

Pasteur  Vaccine  Co.  s/S'f^bc 


ROSEMONT  HEREFORDS. 

^i^TJl^Us  ACROBAT  68460, 

SPECIAL  NOTICE!  10  nice,  weU-bred  heifers,  safe  in  calf 
to  Acrobat,  will  be  sold  at  very  reasonable  tigures, 
C.  E.  CLAPP.  Berryville,  Clarke  Co.,  Va. 


^CR^iB^^  sqam 


VIRGINIA  HEREFORDS. 

Herd  beaded  by  tbe  Champion 

PRINCE  RUPERT,  79539. 

Correspondeoce  Solicited.     Impection  Invited. 

EDWARD  G.  BUTLER, 

Annefieid  Faniis.      BRIGGSv  Oarke  Co.,  Va. 


PRINCE  RUPERT.  79,539 


Bacon   Hall   Farm. 

Hereford  REGISTERED  Cattle 

"TOP"  BREEDINQ,  CALVES  NOT  AKIN. 
MOTTO— Satlsfaction^or  no  sale. 


E.  M.  GILLET  &  SON, 


Qlencoe,  flaryland. 


.HEREFORD   CATTLE. 

Service  Bulls;  Imported  Salisbury  760.i9  (19083),  a  grand- 
son >  f  the  famou.s  Grove  3il  2490,  and  a  descendant  of  the] 
world  renowned  Lord  Wilton  40b7  from  the  4th  generation. 

Snowball,  the  dam  of  Salisbury,  is  now  in  the  herd  of  His 
Majestv  King  Edward  VII. 

Lars',  Jr.,  la  by  Lars  of  Western  fame  and  his  dam  is  Judy  out  of  a  Sir  Kichard 
2nd  cow  This  ruakes  a  great  combination  of  the  Grove  3d,  Lord  Wilton,  Anxiety. 
Peerles.sAVilton  and  Sir  Kichard  2nd  strains.     No  better  breeding  in  the  world  today, 

FOIi  SALE— Yearling  bulls  by  above  sires.  WANTED— Keg.  Hereford  heifers,  18 
to  24  months  old,  not  bred;  will  exchange  bulls  for  heifers  of  equal  quaUty. 

Extremely  low  prices  to  close  out  this  bunch;  only  a  few  left. 

Write  vour  needs  or  call  and  make  your  own  .selection. 


MURRAY  BOOCOCK,  Owner,  Keswick,  Alb.  Co.,Va.  ^ 


KtswirK  Is  on  tbe  C.  &  O.  Ky., 
ear  ChnrlottesTtlle,  Virgloia. 


When  corresponding  with   oar      adyertUen  always  mention  the 
Boutktm  Pknttm: 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


795 


of  pleasant  excitement  into  which  this 
treasure  trove  threw  the  orphans. 
Emily's  first  impulse  was  to  give  Wal- 
ter a  collegiate  course  with  the  money, 
sustaining  Alice  and  herself  still  by 
her  school.  Walter  was  now  in  his 
18th  year,  a  tall,  fine  looking,  raanly 
youth,  the  joy  and  pride  of  his  sister's 
heart.  He  had  already  began  to  judge 
and  decide  for  himself,  and  some- 
times more  wisely  than  his  first  im- 
pulses suggested. 

"No,  sister,"  said  he.  "This  cannot 
and  ought  not  to  be.  It  would  be  like 
eating  up  seed  corn.  I  never  mean  to 
go  to  cQllege,  unless  I  can  first  earn 
the  money  myself.  I  will  not  use  for 
this  purpose  money  that  ought  to  be  so 
Invested  as  to  contribute  to  your  and 
Alice's  support." 

They  called  in  their  kind  friend,  the 
clergyman,  for  consultation,  and  one 
or  two  of  the  other  neighbors,  in  whose 
judgment  and  good  wishes,  they  felt 
an  especial  confidence.  After  a  long 
consultation  as  to  how  the  money  could 
be  invested  so  as  to  yield  the  best  and 
most  lasting  results,  the  general  opin- 
ion was  that  it  would  be  wisest  to  in- 
vest it  in  a  small  grazing  and  ffuit 
farm,  reserving  enough  of  the  fund  to 
get  a  small  flock  of  sheep,  a  few  head 
of  stock,  and  enough  young  fruit  trees 
to  set  out  a  good  sized  orchard. 

What  gave  additional  weight  to  this 
advice  was  the  fact  that  a  small  farm 
suitable  to  their  purposes,  was  actually 
on  the  market,  very  near  their  present 
location.  They  already  had  the  nu- 
cleus of  a  good  orchard,  and  had  ac- 
quired some  knowledge  and  experience 
in  the  line  of  fruit  culture,  and  so  it 
seemed  wisest  for  them  to  go  on  from 
this  starting  point,  especially  as  this 
was  a  section  peculiarly  well  adapted 
•to  the  cultivation  of  orchard  fruits. 
In  the  course  of  a  few  months,  they 
carried  into  effect  the  plan  proposed  by 
their  friends,  and  though  I  cannot 
startle  my  reader  by  any  recital  of  how 
the  sheet),  cattle  and  fruit  trees  proved 
invulnerable  to  accident  and  disease, 
and  marvelously  "remunerative,  still 
under  Walter's  careful  tendance,  they 
throve  very  well,  and  year  by  year,  in- 
creased and  improved  as  he  gained 
greater  experience  and  skill  In  the 
care  of  thrtn.  These  resources  were 
sufficient  to  yield  the  orphans  a  com- 
fortable support,  together  with  Emily's 
school. 

Walter,  meanwhile,  did  not  neglect 
to  keep  up  his  studies  under  the  cler- 
gyman, and  to  read,  as  much  as  he  had 
an  opportunity  to  do,  and  owing  to 
this,  as  well  as  to  the  refining  influ- 
ence of  his  sisters,  he  escaped  being 
awkward  and  rustic.  He  looked  for- 
ward now  to  attending  an  Agricultural 
College  near  him.  a  session  or  two,  as 
he  had  gotten  things  in  sufficiently 
good  shape  to  justify  him  in  leaving 
them  on  Mr.  Wheeler's  hands  during 
his  absence. 

(To  be  Continued.) 

CH.VPTER    V. 

("Dandy  little  bouquets"  should 
read    "Dainty   little   bouquets.") 


ARMOUR'S  BLOOD  MEALTcMr 

First  proved  by  the  Kansas  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  and  s!nc« 

corroborated  by  thousands  of  leading  stockmen  who  have  used  it  without 

•  tingle  failure.      Equally  effective  for  the  diarrhea  of  all  animals. 

PREVENTS  vreaJc  bones,  paralrsis  of  the  hind  legs  and  "thumps" 

in  pigs;  "big  head"  of  foals;    "rickets"  of  all   joung   animals; 

abortion  due  to  incomplete  nutrition,  and  a  host  of  other  troubles. 

A  Potent  Food  for  Work  Horses,  Dairy  Cows,  Poultry. 

Write  us  for  booklet  giving  valuable  information  about  Blood  Meal  and  our 
other  feeding  products.  Consult  us  free  of  charge  regarding  stock  diseases. 

THE  ARMOUR  FERTILIZER  WORKS, 
Chlcaso.        Omaha.        Baltimore.         Atlanta.        Jacksonville. 


F 
O 
R 

S 
A 

L 
E 


BERHSHIRESPIGS 


of  choice  breeding,  and  to  make  ^them  more  desir- 
able, they  arejfine^individuals,  properly  fed;  there- 
fore they  develop  well.     Write- 

Forest   Home   Farm, 

Purcellville,  -  -  Virginia. 


X  ClSMONT  DORSETS 

X  — 

X 

V  ClSMONT    STOCK    FARM  ofi-ers  weU  developed  young 

\j>  Dorsets  of  the  best  blood  of  England  and  America. 


Prices   Reasonable. 


G.  S.  UNDENKOHL,  Keswick,  Albemarle  Co.,  Va. 


.  EDGEWOOD    STOCK    FARM 


DORSET     SHEEP. 


Breeding  DORSETS  our  business  for  12  years.  We  can  now  offer  Dorsets  of  high  qual- 
ity. Our  ewes  Iamb  in  the  fali.  We  have  fall  lambs  now  ready.  Last  season  these  lambs 
weighed  135  pounds  in  June.  Allow  us  to  insist  that  you  buy  only  GOOD  SHEEP  when 
you  buy  Dorsets.  Dorset  sheep  have  a  special  place  in  Virginia.  No  other  breed  can  take 
their  place  in  the  early  lamb  business.  Write  us  for  facts  to  prove  this.  We  ship  our 
sheep  on  approval. 

J.  D.  ARBUCKLE,  Greenbrier  County.  H.   B.  ARBUCKLE,  Maxwelton,  W.  Va. 


lUustrated  catalog  of  farm  \ 
hinery  and 
plemenu, 


AJAX 

Center  Crank 
ENGINE 


FARQUHAR 


"^P 


Portable  Saw  Mills 

with  Engines  and  Boilers  Complete. 

Made  in  scTen  sizes,  friction  feed,  cable 
lightning  gig,  patent  chain  set  works  and 
improved    dogs.     AJAX    CENTER 
CBANK  ENGINES  are  congtructed 
with  especial  reference  to  the  peculiar 
wurk  required  of  them.    This  com- 
bination of  engine  and  mill 
makes  the   beat  eawmiil 
outfit  on  earth. 

A.B.FarquharCo.,Ltd 

York,  Pa.      <. 


79G 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[December 


IMPORTED  BERKSHIRES  AT  BILT- 
MORE  FARMS. 

In  addition  to  the  large  and  choice 
importation  of  brood  sows  which  the 
Biltmore  Farms  selected  during  the 
last  summer  and  bought  out  in  June, 
they  have  just  received  by  "S.  S.  Geor- 
gic"  tour  young  sows — the  prize  win- 
ning pen  of  pigs  at  the  English  Royal 
in  1903.  They  were  bred  by  His  Royal 
Highness.  Prince  Christian,  and  were 
bought  almost  as  much  for  the  blood 
lines  represented  through  sire  and  dam 
as  for  their  winning  at  the  Royal,  and 
they  are  certainly  a  good  example  of 
like  producing  like,  and  may  safely  be 
countd  on  to  produce  themselves.  Be- 
ing by  Handley  Cross,  a  son  of  History, 
and  out  of  Highclere  Gem  VI.,  they 
are  full  sisters  to  the  first  prize  aged 
sow  and  reserved  for  championship  at 
the  Royal,  and  also  by  the  same  boar 
as  Lord  Lyon,  a  young  boar  that  was 
selected  by  Biltmore  Farms  as  being 
the  best  young  boar  that  they  could 
find  in  England.  This  last  lot  has 
added  to  the  offering  of  imported  sows 
which  will  be  sold  in  February  on  the 
Farms,  making  70  head  in  all.  These 
sows  themselves  are  of  the  very  richest 
breeding  and  the  best  individuaMtv 
that  could  be  found  in  all  England. 
AH  are  either  prize  winners  themselves 
or  are  out  of  prize  winners,  and  are 
being  bred  to  the  very  best  of  boars 
after  careful  stuly  of  the  blood  lines, 
so  as  to  select  the  best  possible  nicl<s. 
Among  these  boars  are  the  following: 

No.  ].  Danesfield  Warrior  (a  son  of 
that  sire  of  many  prize  winners,  Manor 
Favorite),  champion  and  winner  of 
first  in  class  at  the  English  Royal  in 
1902,  and  many  other  firsts  at  leading 
shows,  including  the  Royal  the  year 
before. 

No.  2.  Lord  Lyon,  a  son  of  Handy  | 
Man,  and  consequently  a  half  brother 
to  the  first  prize  pen  of  sows  at  the 
Royal,  and  was  described  by  Mr.  Chap- 
man (a  prominent  breeder)  as  one  of 
the  best  young  boars  that  had  ever  left 
England.  He  combines  style  and  finish 
with  unusually  good  hams,  extreme 
length  and  typical  head  to  a  remark- 
able degree. 

Then  there  are  two  young  boars  (full 
brothers),  out  of  the  great  prize  win- 
ning sow  Danesfield  Huntress,  called 
Danesfield  Hunter  and  Danesfield 
Huntsman  1st.  One  of  them  was  shown 
and  proved  quite  a  winner,  whilst  the 
other  was  kept  at  home  for  service  on 
the  noted  herd  of  Mr.  Hudson's  The 
dam  has  made  a  great  name  at  the 
leading  shows  as  a  producer,  and  also 
as  a  producer  of  prize  winners.  In 
fact,  this  Huntress  blood  is  one  of  the 
strongest  and  best  strains  that  can  be 
found  in  England.  In  addition  to  the 
above,  all  the  great  boars  now  in  Bilt- 
more herd,  such  as  Loyal  Lee  II., 
champion  boar  of  America,  the  Duke, 
etc.,  are  being  used,  and  their  litters 
out  of  these  prize  wining  English  sows 
should  make  great  continuations. 

The  catalogue  of  this  offering  will 
be  gotten  out  in  the  usual  full  and  de- 
tailed   manner   of   the   past   offerings. 


The  Cyphers  Guarantee 

every  dollar  we  have  i  n  the  world  is  made  to  you,  personally.    It  says  that  YOU 
hatch  a  larger  percen!a>,'e  of  healtliy,  vi;,'ciruus  chicks,  with  less  oil,  less 
attention,  less  truul'le  and  more  satisfat.tiun,  in  a  genuine,  patented 

CYPHERS  INCUBATOR 

J  j;et  your  money  back.  The  genuine  Cyphers  Is  the  only  pat- 
,  self-ventilaling.  self-reg^ulatin^  incubator.  Adopted  and  en* 
peri  m'nt  Stations  and  usrd  bv  m"re  leadlnff  poultry  men  than 

crm.Tkc^cnmbncl.     Cunloi^'ue  free  ifv-u  name  tliis  paper.     Address  nearest  office. 

yPHERS  INCUBATOR  CO.    Buffalo.  N.Y.,    Chicago.    Boston.    New  York. 


TH  E   OAKS 

Has  for  sale,  the  grand  Shorthorn  bull,  "Rock  Hill  Abbotts- 
burn"  155113,  a  grandson  of  Mary  Abbottsburn  7th  ;  also  a  nice 
lot  of  Calves,  Bulls  and  Heifers  ;  2  Reg.  Morgan  Colts  at  a 
bargain.  B.  B.  BUCHANAN,  Bedford  City,  Va. 


....   REGISTERED   .... 

Pigs  from  4  to  6  months  ol4.    Boars  ready  for  service,  and 
young  sows  witli  pigs.     Prlcas   Reasonable.     Apply  to  ...  . 

'J.  C.  GRAVES,  Barboursville,  Va. 


NOW  IS  THE  TIME  to  buy  HOLSTEINS  from  the  Ury  Farm  Herd, 

Ury  Alwlna  Count  Paul  De  Kol;  De  Kol  2nd  Butter  Boy  3rd  No.  2,  and  Lord  Harford  De  K»l  bead 
our  herd.  You  know  their  official  backing.  There  Is  nothing  better.  15  bull  calves  at  bargain 
prices.  Tbelr  dams  are  of  the  De  Kol,  Aaggle,  Netberlamd,  Pletertje  and  Clothlde  strains  and  are  of 
he  producing  kind.  The  best  bulls  are  sold  young;  also  a  few  cows  and  heifers.  Choice  ENGLISH 
BERKSHIKE  pigs  of  the  best  strains.    Before  buying,  correspond  with  or  visit 

THOS.  PASSITT  &  SONS,  Sylmar,  Md. 


We  positively  guarantee  to  breed 
and  ship  the  VKKY  BEsT  strains  of 
thoroughbred  registered  LARGE 
ENGLISH     BERKSHIRE 

Hogs  for  LESS  MO^EY  than  any  other 
firm  in  the  U.  S.,  the  superiority  of  our 
stocli  considered  Send  us  your  order 
and  we  will  satisfy  you  both  in  price 
and  stock.  WALTER  B.  FLEMING, 

Proprietor  of  the  Bridle  Creek  Stock  Fai 


Warrenton.  N.  C. 


POLAND- 
CHINAS. 


I  have  a  limited  number  of  pigs  by  _ 

my  fine   boars  Gray's  Big   Chief,  57077;  ^^XAY'S  BIQ  CHIEF.  B7077. 

and  Victor  G,  57075,  and  can  furnish  pairs  not  akin  or  related  to  those  previonsly 
purcha.sed.  Young  boars  and  sows  of  all  ages.  Send  to  headquarters  and  get  the 
best  from  the  oldest  and  largest  herd  of  Poland-Chinas  in  this  State  at  one-half 
Western  prices.    Address  J.  »•  GRAY,  Predaricksburg,  Va. 

;,..  2,000,000  ELBHRTA   PEACH  TREES  ». 


We  ofi"er  2,000,000  Elberta  June  Buds,  besidas  a  large  stock  of  Belle  of  Georgia, 
Mamie  Ross,  Carmen,  Greensboro,  etc.  Big  assortment  of  2-year  Pear  and  Cherry, 
and  small  fruit  plants.     Write  for  Catalogue, 

CHATTANOOGA  NURSERIES,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

Rkfb«ences:    Hamilton  Trust  &  Savings  Bank;  N.  Dietzen  &  Bro.,  Chattanooga; 
Dunn's  Mercantile  Agency;  Southern  Planter. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


797 


and  breeders  should  write  for  it  If  only 
to  get  the  list  of  the  English  prize 
winners. 

Any  breeder  who  attended  oui  last 
sale  prophesied  that  it  would  be  im- 
possible to  find  a  better  lot  or  even  as 
good  again  as  the  offering  of  1902. 
which  went  at  such  a  record  breaking 
price,  but  breeders  who  have  examined 
the  present  lot  acknowledge  that  they 
are  much  better  and  decidedly  more 
uniform.  They  ought  to  be.  for  nearly 
20  per  cent,  more  was  paid  for  them  as 
a  whole,  and  a  long  time  .given  for 
searching  through  England,  and  more 
agents  kept  in  the  fields  looking  out 
for  desirable  animals.  In  fact,  noth- 
ln,g  was  left  undone,  and  whatever  the 
results  of  the  sale,  whether  the  pul)lic 
buy  them  in  at  their  value  or  secure 
them  at  a  bargain,  the  Farms  at 
least  have  distributed  a  lot  of  animals 
of  tested  blood  lines  and  whose  in- 
fluence is  bound  to  be  felt  in  the  future. 


AGRICULTURE  FOR  BEGINNERS. 

By  C.  \V.  Burkett,  Professor  of  Agri- 
culture: F.  L.  Stevens,  Professor  of 
Biology;  and  D.  H.  Hill,  Professor  of 
English  in  the  North  Carolina  College 
of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts. 
12mo.  Cloth.  267  pages.  Illustrated. 
List  price,  75  cents.  Ginn  &  Co..  Pub- 
lishers. New  York. 

The  authors  have  prepared  this  litt'e 

book  in  the  belief  that  there  is  no 
line  of  separation  between  the  science 
of  agriculture  and  the  practical  art  of 
agriculture,  and  that  the  subject  is 
eminently  teachable.  Theory  and  prac- 
tice are  presented  at  one  and  the  same 
time,  so  that  the  pupil  is  taught  the 
fundamental  principles  of  farniin,g  just 
as  be  is  taught  the  fundamental  truths 
of  arithmetic,  geography,  or  grammar. 

Tbp  work  is  planned  for  use  in  gram- 
mar school  classes.  It  thus  presents 
the  subject  to  the  pupil  when  his  apti- 
tudes are  the  most  rapidly  developing 
and  when  he  is  forming  life  hnhit.s. 
It  will  give  to  him.  therefore,  at  the 
vital  period  of  his  life  a  trainin.g  whif-h 
will  go  far  toward  making  bis  life 
work  profitable  and  delightful.  '^'-^ 
text  is  clear,  interesting  and  teachable 
While  primarily  intended  for  class 
work  in  the  public  schools,  it  will  no 
doubt  appeal  to  all  who  desire  a  knowl- 
ed.se  of  the  simple  scientific  truth': 
which  lie  at  the  foundation  of  most 
farm  operations. 

The  21S  illustrations  are  unusually 
excellent  and  are  particularly  effertiv" 
in  illuminatin.g  the  text.  The  bnnk  i-- 
supplied  throughout  with  practical  ex- 
ercises, simple  and  interesting  experi- 
ments, and  helpful  suggestions.  The 
appendix,  devoted  to  spraying  mixtures 
and  fertilizer  formulas;  the  glossary. 
In  which  are  explained  unusual  and 
technical  words:  and  the  complete  in- 
dex are  important. 

In  mechanical  execution — in  the  at- 
tractive and  durable  binding,  in  the 
clear,  well-printed  page,  and  in  the 
Illustrations — the  book  is  easily  su- 
perior to  any  other  elementary  work 
on  agriculture. 


If  you  value  comfort 
\\  hen  driving  use 

LEHMAN  CARRIAGE 
and  SLEIGH  HEATERS. 


Universally  recognized  as  the  STANDARD  make.  Avoid 
WINTER  discomforts  by  heating  your  Carrisge,  Wagon  or  Sleigh 
with  one  of  the  LEHMAN  HEATERS.  It  burns  LEHMAN  coal  at  a 
cost  of  1-4  cent  per  hour,  or  2  cents  per  day,  and  there  is  no  smoke, 
smell  nor  danger  of  fire  from  same. 

HORSEMEN  everywhere  use  and  recommend  them,  which  in  itself 
is  a  GUARANTEE  of  tbeir  usefulness,  and  their  high  standard. 

.■iT 200.000  OF  OUR  HEATERS  are  in  actual  use.  Have  you  one? 
Write  for  booklet  and  prices.  Your  carriage,  harness  or  hardware 
dealer  has  our  goods. 

I  EHMr^N  BROS..  MFRS..  J.  W.  ERRINGER,  Gen.  W.  Sales  Agt., 

10  Bond  St.,  New  York  45  E.  Congress  St.,  Chicago,  111. 


%        Fortunes  in  Stocks 


.  A  DIVIDBr»(D=PAYIl>G  irSVBSTIMENT. 

6<J(S*%  L.4RGE  PROFITS  GUARANTEED.     SECURITY 

r^if&\  OF  THE  BANK.     NO  POSSIBILITY  OF  LOSS. 

;^fi3^^.;A.-  Steady  Income  i6r  Life 

f^^ftf:^^  IM  REGULAR  IWONTHLY  PvWMENTS 

%!..<.  LARGb       OR       SMALL      SUBSCKIPTIOINS      RECEIVED. 

.^#;-  MONEY  RETURNED  IF  NOT  SATISFIED, 


lation,    Eosy  Terms,  Liberal  Discounti 
_    ,    r|i»  --  ■ .'ayment  and  FREE  BOOKLET,  odclres.i 

^7^^  "THE  STOCK  GUARANTY  &  SURETY  CO." 

-.;t^  llZl.'V^arket  St.,   San    Fi-ancisco,   Calitornia. 


THE  GREAT  WESTERN 

Manure  Spreader 


the  only  Spre^lde: 


ENDLbSS  APRON 


:e  and  ready  to  receive  the  load  without 

ming  back  either  by  hand  or  complicated, 

ly  broken  machinery.  The  front  aod  rear 

axles  are  of  same  length  which,  with  the 

Broad  Tires  Prevents  Rutting 

of  fields,  meadows,  etc.  and  makes 

LIGHT  DRAFT.  SPREADS  ALL  KINDS  OF  l«ANURE,  s^i^;£i:^^^^^i,S:^^^!ii 

hulls. etc.    Can  be  changed  Infttantir  t«  uprend  thJck  or  thin  wtitlc  f 

IHOODPROTtUI 

quality,  capaLltv  and  durabllltr.    All  parts  breakm^ 

rill  be  replaced  without  charge.     Write  forfrecIllustratedandDeacrptlT* 

Cataloc^ue — the  best  and  most  complete  spreader  catalog  ever  published. 

SMITH  MANURE  SPREADER  C0.16  &  18  S.  CLINTON  STREET,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


798 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER 


[December 


DOAfESTIC  RECIPES. 

One  cup  (pint)  stewed  pumpkin, 
one-half  cup  sugar  and  sweet  cream 
to  make  consistency  of  thin  batter 
Beat  two  eggs  and  sugar  together  anc' 
add  to  pumpkin.  Season  with  pow- 
dered cinnamon.  Line  pie  plate  with 
flaky  crust  and  fill  with  pumpkin  bat 
ter  and  bake  in  a  quick  oven. 


ENGUSH   PLUM    PUDDTNG    SUmCIENT    FOB 
TWELVE    PEOPLE. 

Chop  fine  one  pound  beef  suet,  mix 
it  with  two  pounds  of  sifted  flour,  two 
pounds  of  bread  crumbs,  a  little  salt 
three  teaspoonful  of  baking  powder 
two  pounds  stoned  raisins,  two  pounds 
cleaned  currants  chopped,  add  spices 
(nutmeg,  ground  cloves,  or  any  mixed  j 
Bpices  to  suit  the  taste)  one  pint  bran 
dy  or  good  wine,  one  dozen  eggs  wel' 
beaten.  Mix  all  ingredients  well.  Flour 
your  pudding  cloth  or  bag,  or  mouli" 
and  boil  10  hours.  If  served  at  once 
pour  one-half  pint  brandy  over  and 
Just  as  served  touch  with  a  lightef" 
taper  and  send  to  table  blazing.  ThiF 
will  keep  for  months  and  can  be  re- 
heated. 


GREEN  T0M-\T0   SWEET   PICKLE. 

Slice  green  tomatoes  and  onions,  al- 
ternate layers,  in  a  stone  jar,  an(^ 
sprinkle  lightly  with  salt,  let  stand  onr 
night,  drain  off  all  the  water  next 
morning,  and  put  one  pound  browr 
sugar,  and  one  ounce  of  ground  mixef* 
spices  and  one  quart  of  good  vinegar 
to  one  gallon  of  the  tomatoes  and  on 
Ions  and  boil  until  onions  are  done 
I»ut  in  stone  or  glass  jars  and  cover 
with  vinegar. 


ORESSrXG  roR  ttrket  (ro.vst.  ) 
To  one  pint  of  sifted  com  meal,  add 
one-half  pound  lard  and  a  little  salt 
make  into  a  loaf  or  cake,  with  cold 
■water  and  bake  done.  Then  break  into 
fine  pieces,  crust  and  all  and  season 
with  black  pepper,  one  egg.  a  pinch  of 
sage,  an  onion  chopped  fine,  and  liquor 
In  which  turkey  has  been  cooked,  to 
make  it  stick  together  and  stuff.  Sage 
may  be  omitted,  oysters  may  also  be 
added. 

Grape  jelly  is  nice  with  fowl. 

Mrs.   N.   K.   Gittirie. 


OLD  VIRGINIA  HAM. 
Select  ten  fresh  pork  hams  of  ten 
pounds  each,  rub  over  the  flesh  side  of 
these  a  mixture  composed  of  two 
pounds  of  brown  sugar.  }  pound  of  salt 
petre.  J  pound  of  black  pepper  and  i 
pound  of  red  pepper.  Salt  enough  to 
cover  the  hams,  about  three  quarts  to 
the  100  pounds.  Pack  in  a  tub  or  box 
with  the  skin  downward.  Let  them 
remain  six  weeks,  then  hang  by  a 
string  and    smoke  with    green   wood. 


Something  good  fop 
Christmas 

During  the  holiday  season,  when  eood  ckeer  everywhere  prevails,  there  Is  notbinr  nicer 
to  have  in  the  house  than  a  little  good  whiskey,  and  besides,  your  physician  will  t«ll  you  it  la 
excellent  in  many  cases  of  sickness.  But  you  must  have  rood  whiskey,  pure  whiskey.  You 
don't  want  to  drink  poor  whiskey  yourseU.  much  less  offer  it  to  your  friends,  while  as  a 
medicine,  poor  whiskey,  adulterated  whiskey,  may  do  you  decided  harm. 

HAYXBR  WHISKEY  goes  to  you  direct  from  our  own  distillery,  with  all  its  original 
richness  and  flavor,  and  carries  a  tTNITED  STATES  REGISTERED  DISTILLER'S 
GUARANTEE  of  PURITY  and  AGE.  When  you  buy  HAYNER  WHISKEY  you  save  the 
enormous  profits  of  the  dealers  and  have  our  guarantee  that  your  money  will  be  promptly 
refunded  if  you  are  not  perfectly  satisfied  with  the  whiskey  after  trying  it  That's  f  alr,isn"t  itf 

HAYNER  WHISKEY 

PURE  SEVEN-YEAR-OLD  RYE 

4     FULL    $0:20  EXPRESS 
QUARTS  O      PREPAID 

We  will  send  you  FOUR  FULL  QUART  BOTTLES  of  HA'TNER'S  SE^TIN- YEAR- 
OLD  RYE  for  13.20.  express  charges  paid  by  us.  Try  it  and  if  you  don't  find  it  al!  right 
and  as  good  as  you  ever  drank  or  can  buy  from  anybody  else  at  any  price,  send  it  back  at 
our  expense  and  the  next  mail  will  bring  you  your  $3.20.  Could  any  offer  be 
fairer?  This  offer  is  backed  by  a  company  with  a  capital  of  1500,000.00.  paid 
in  full,  and  the  proud  reputation  of  36  years  of  continuous  success.  We  have 
over  a  quarter  of  a  million  satisfied  customers,  proving  conclusively  that 
our  whiskey  is  all  right  and  that  we  do  exactly  as  we  say.  Shipment  mado 
in  a  plain  sealed  case,  with  no  marks  or  brands  to  indicate  contents. 

Orders  for  Ariz. ,  Cat. ,  Col. ,  Idaho.  Mont. ,  Nev. ,  N.  Mei. .  Ore. ,  Utah.  Wask. 
or  Wyo..  must  be  on  the  basis  of  4  Quarts  for  M.OO  by  Express 
Prepaid  or  SO  Qaarta  for  S16.00  by  Freiebt  Prepaid. 

FREE  ^it*!  each  four  quart  order  we  will  send  free  one  goldtipi>ed  whiskey 
■  "^^  glass  and  one  corkscrew.  If  you  wish  to  send  an  order  to  a  friend,  as 
a  Christmas  present,  we  will  enclose  with  the  shipment  an  elegant  BOUTcnir 
card,  with  both  your  rames  neatly  printed  thereon. 

Write  our  nearest  office  and  do  it  NOW. 

THE  HAYNER  DISTILLING  COMPANY 


ATUNTA-  GA, 


ST.  PAUL,  MINN. 


DlSTHXERT,  TKOY.  O.  ESTABU3HXD  1866. 


merchantsTatioijal  bark 

OF    RICHMOND,    VIRGINIA. 
Capital  Stock,  ...  $200,000.00 

Surplus  and  Profits,  -  -  $672,445.75 

Designated  Depository  of  the  United  States,  City  of  Richmond  and  Commonvrealth 

of  Virginia. 
Being  the  Largest  Depository  for  Banks  between  Baltimore  and  New  Orleans,  this 

Bank  oflers  superior  facilities  for  direct  and  quick  collections. 
JNO.  P.BRANCH,  JKO.  K.BtANCH,  JOHN  F.GLESN, 

President.  Vice-President.  Caahler. 


UNTIL  YOU    HAVE   INVESTIGATED 

•THU  MASTER  WORnMAN" 

A  two-cylln.Ier  easollne  engine:  superior  to  all  one-cvUnder  engines.  Costs  less  to  buy  anrt  1.  ss  to  run.  Quicker  and  easier  stsriert  Han  «  wider 
sphere  of  usefulness.  Has  no  vibration;  can  be  mounted"  on  any  light  wagon  ae  a  portable.  w»tghb  les»  than  half  of  one-cylinder  engines.  Give  slM 
ef  engine  required  ?lzes  IH,  2,  2}^,  4,  .S,  6,  8, 10  and  15  horse  power  Mention  this  paper.  Send  for  catalogue.  THE  TESIPLE  PUMP  CO.,  Meaghe 
and  loth  Sis..  CHICAUO. 


DONT  BUY  GASOLINE  ENGINES 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEKN  PLANTER. 


799 


hickory  is  preferable,  a  few  hours  each 
day,  for  a  period  of  ten  days.  Rub 
over  with  hicl<ory  ashes  and  leave 
them  hanging  for  three  weeks,  after 
which  wrap  in  paper  and  put  in  bags. 
They  are  best  from  one  to  two  years 
old. 

Hams  cured  as  above,  being  unsur- 
passed in  quality  and  flavor,  need  to  be 
boiled  in  water  only.  To  cook  the 
ham,  soak  in  cold  water  six  or  eight 
hours;  washing  and  scrape  thoroughly, 
put  in  a  closed  boiler  nearly  full  of 
cold  water,  boil  slowly  allowing  twenty 
minutes  to  the  pound.  When  done  let 
the  ham  remain  in  the  liquor  till  cool; 
then  remove  the  skin,  spread  over  with 
brown  sugar  moistened  with  sherry 
wine,  cover  with  cracker  dust,  put  in 
a  hot  oven  a  few  minutes  till  a  nut 
brown.  Serve  on  platter  garnished 
with  parsley. 

Mrs.  B.  B.  Hiix. 
No.  3  Victoria  Flat,  Washington,  D.  C. 


CATALOGUE. 
DeLoach  patent  saw  mills  and  high 
grade  mill  machinery,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
This  is  a  fine  and  complete  catalogue 
of  the  products  of  one  of  the  most  re- 
liable and  largest  makers  of  saw  mill 
machinery. 


EBEN  HOLDEN  REDIVIVUS  AND  A 
PIE. 

"I  remember  once,"  said  Uncle  Eb, 
"I  praised  a  woman's  pie.  We  were 
over  in  Canada  buyin'  cattle.  The 
woman  she  asked  me  if  there  was  any- 
thing I'd  like  to  hev  fer  my  dinner.  I 
told  her  that  I  was  very  fond  o'  berry 
pie,  so  she  made  one.  It  came  on  the 
table  in  a  pan.  I  didn't  know  what 
'twas,  er  mebbe  I  could  hev  made  an 
excuse  an'  got  away.  Suddenly  the 
woman  began  to  cut  it. 

"  'I've  made  thet  pie  you  asked  fer,' 
she  said.  'It  took  me  a  long  time,  but 
here  'tis,  an'  I  hope  you'll  like  it.' 

"The  pie  was  about  three  inches 
thick,  an'  there  was  only  jest  a  leetle 
streak  o'  red  stain  through  the  mid- 
dle o'  it  where  the  berries  oughter  be." 

The  old  man  paused  a  moment. 

"Wall."  he  continued,  with  a  sigh, 
"o'  course  I  bed  to  eat  thet  pie.  It  was 
the  greatest  obstacle  I  ever  encoun- 
tered. Fer  a  minnit  I  felt  as  If  I  was 
ketched  in  a  bear-trap.  But  I  looked 
as  pleasant  as  possible,  an'  went  to 
work  on  thet  piece  o'  pie.  I  no  sooner 
got  through  than  it  went  to  work  on 
me.  There  wa'n't  much  left  o'  me  next 
day.  I  lay  there  sick  abed,  an'  the 
good  woman  she  brought  up  another 
pie.  She  wanted  to  please  me.  an'  I 
hedn't  the  heart  to  tell  her  what  I 
thought  o'  her  bakin',  but  she  pressed 
It  on  me." 

"  'No  more,  thank  you,'  says  I. 

"  'I  thought  you  said  it  was  good,' 
says  she,  with  a  look  o'  disappoint- 
ment. 

"  'Madam.'  savs  I.  "the  pie  is  good, 
but  I  ain't  good  enough  to  eat  it.  I 
ain't  even  joined  the  church  yit.  Give 
me  a  leetle  more  time  fer  preparation." 
— Irving  Bacheller.  in  Leslie's  Monthly. 


Big  Ones  and  Little  Ones ! 


Saw  Mills 


All  ilies  from  4  H.  P.  Farmers'  Mill  that  cots  3,000  feet  a  day,  up  to  tbe  bigtetl  that's  nude. 
OVER   10,000   DELOACH   PATENT  SAW  MILLS  IN   USE. 

Our  Large  Catalog 
No.  66 

will  interest  you.  It  illus- 
trates and  tells  all  about  the 
famous  DeLoach  Patent  Va- 
riable Frictien  Feed  Saw 
Hills,  Shingle  Mills,  Planers, 
Edgers,  Trimmers,  Stave  and 
Lath  Mills,  Bolters,  Cord 
Wood  and  Drag  Saws,  Corn 
and  Buhr  Mills,  Water  Wheels, 
Mill  Gearing,  PuUeys,  Shaft- 
ing, Etc. 

Please  mention  the  SotjTHERW 
Plantek  wben  writing  us. 
We  will  appreciate  It. 

DelOIIGH MILL MNOfflClURING CO  ,80X666 1III00I0,G0  NiWY8tKBf0rcll,ll4lllienySI. 

fi  The  Largest  Saw  Mill  Manufacturing  Plant  In  tbe  World. 


Jt    THE    ^ 


SEABOARD 


AIR  LINE  RAILWAY 

OFFERS  THE  MANUFACTURER, 

PROFITABLE 

INVESTMENTS 

T0«< = 


THE  STOCK  RAISER, 
THE  DAIRYMAN, 
THE  FRUIT  GROWER, 
THE  TRUCKER. 


WHERE    YOUR     LABOR     IS     NOT     IN    VAIN. 

Would  *  country  where  work  c*n  be  carried  on  the  entire  year  and  where 
large  profits  can  be  realized  Interest  you? 

The  SEABOARD  Air  Line  Railway  traverses  six  Southern  Stales  and  a 
region  of  this  character.  One  two  cent  stamp  will  bring  handsome  illustnited 
literature  descriptive  of  the  section. 

J.  B.  WHITE,  EDW.  W.  COST,  CHARLES  B.  RYAN, 

Gen.  Industrial  Agl.,  Portsmouth,  Va.  Traffic  Mgr.       Gen.  Pass.  Agt.,  Portsmouth,  Va 


VIRQINIA   DIVISION. 

Farmers  Mutual  Benefit  Association 

A  Fire  Insurance  Association,  chartered  by  the  State  of  Virginia,  for 
farmers,  under  an  amended  and  well  protected  plan. 

Insures  in  counties  surrounding  and  accessible  to  Richmond,  against  Fire 
and  Lightning,  only  country  property — no  stores  or  unsafe  risks.  Policy-holdem 
amply  secured — all  legitimate  losses  paid.  Average  cost  per  year  less  than  other 
plans,  and  a  great  saving  to  farmers.  Amount  of  property  now  insured,  $330,000, 
and  increasing  yearly.     Estimated  securiey  in  real  and  other  estate,  $750,000. 

For  further  information,  address.  CHAS.  N.  FRIEND,  General  Agent, 

MENTION  THIS  JODKNAL.  CHESTER,  VTRGIIflA. 


When  corresponding  with  our  advertisers  always  mention  the 
Southern  Planter. 


800 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLAIfTER. 


[December 


GDSTAVUS  F.  SWIFT'S  MOTTOES. 
Gustavus  F.  Swift,  the  late  head  of 
the  great  packing  house  of  Swift  and 
Company,  Chicago,  left  an  estate  worth 
over  seven  million  dollars.  Perhaps 
Mr.  Swift  did  not  enjoy  all  the  pleas- 
ures of  life;  in  fact,  he  was  known  to 
have  missed  many  that  even  money 
can  not  buy,  and,  perhaps,  there  are 
people  who  believe  that  his  mode  of 
life  was  not  ideal,  but  he  left  to  the 
young  men  of  the  country — and  some 
old  ones  as  well — a  greater  legacy  than 
can  be  measured  by  wealth.  He  left 
the  example  of  his  life  and  the  origi- 
nal maxims  which  were  his  guide  in 
building  a  great  business.  All  of 
these  maxims  have  been  collected,  and 
are  presented  herewith,  complete,  for 
the  first  time:  — 

No  man,  however  rich,  has  enough 
money  to  waste  in  putting  on  style. 

The  richer  a  man  gets  the  more 
careful  he  should  be  to  keep  his  head 
level. 

Business,  religion  and  pleasure  of 
the  right  kind  should  be  the  only 
things  in  life  for  any  man. 

A  big  head  and  a  big  bank  account 
were  never  found  together  to  the  credit 
of  any  one.  and  never  will  be. 

No  young  man  is  rich  enough  to 
smoke  twenty-flve-cent  cigars. 

Every  time  a  man  loses  his  temper 
he  loses  his  head,  and  when  he  loses 
his  head  he  loses  several  chances. 

Next  to  knowing  your  own  business, 
it's  a  mighty  good  thing  to  know  as 
much  about  your  neighbor's  as  possi- 
ble, especially  if  he's  in  the  same  line. 
The  best  a  man  ever  did  shouldn't 
be  his  standard  for  the  rest  of  his  life. 
The  successful  men  of  to-day  worked 
mighty  hard  for  what  they've  got.  The 
men  of  to-morrow  will  have  to  work 
harder  to  get  it  away. 

If  the  concentration  of  a  lifetime  is 
found  in  one  can  of  goods,  then  that 
life  has  not  been  wasted. 

No  man's  success  was  ever  marked 
by  the  currency  that  he  pasted  up  on 
billboards. 

When  a  clerk  tells  you  that  he  must 
leave  the  office  because  it  is  5:30  P.  M., 
rest  assured  that  you  will  never  see  his 
name  over  a  front  door. 

The  secret  of  all  great  undertakings 
is  hard  work  and  self-reliance.  Given 
these  two  qualities  and  a  residence  In 
the  United  States  of  America,  a  young 
man  bas  nothing  else  to  ask  for. 


AGE  BEFORE  BEAUTY. 

"Yes."  said  the  old  man,  addressing 
his  young  visitor,  "I  am  proud  of  my 
girls,  and  would  like  to  see  them  com- 
fortably married:  and  as  I  have  a  little 
money,  they  will  not  go  to  their  hus- 
bands penniless.  There's  Mary, 
twenty-five  years  old,  and  a  real  good 
girl.  I  shall  give  her  five  thousand 
dollars  when  she  marries.  Then  comes 
Bet.  who  won't  see  thirty-five  again, 
and  I  shall  give  her  ten  thousand  dol- 
lars, and  the  man  who  takes  Eliza, 
■who  is  forty,  will  have  fifteen  thousand 
dollars  with  her." 

The  young  man  reflected  a  moment 
or  so,  and  then  inquired.  "You  haven't 
one  about  fifty,  have  you?" 


Uncle  Sam,  in  the  person  of  10  of  his 
government  oflScials,  has  charge  of 
every  department  of  the  Hayner  Dis- 
tillery. During  the  entire  process  of 
distillation,  after  the  whiskey  is  stored 
in  their  warehouses,  during  the  seven 
years  it  remains  there,  from  the  very 
grain  they  buy  to  the  whiskey  they  get, 
Uncle  Sam  is  constantly  on  the  watch 
to  see  that  every  thing  is  all  right. 
They  dare  not  take  a  gallon  of  their 
own  whiskey  from  their  own  ware- 
house unless  he  says  its  all  right.  And 
when  he  does  say  so,  that  whiskey  goes 
direct  to  you,  with  all  its  original  rich- 
ness and  flavor,  carrying  a  United 
States  registered   distiller's  guarantee 


of  purity  and  age,  and  saving  you  the 
dealer's  big  profits.  If  you  use  whiskey, 
either  medicinally  or  otherwise, 
should  read  the  offer  of  The  Hayner 
Distilling  Company  elsewhere  in  this 
paper. 


i»  •'Weber  Janlor" 
Pumper 


to  pomp.   EqoaU  80  OMB 

lug      Wfttec 

at  little  (»•• 

oUse.      la      shipped 

cnted        ei»iple<«l]r 

^  *r«iet*d,  all    cormefr 

tions  mftde.  E&ay  to  rtart,  uij 

toe    can    operate  it.     Erery 

cne  g-j&ranteed.   Other  size* 

lip  t3  50  H.  P.    Send  for  cat- 

,    ^  alog.    Weber  Gas  A  GaK>l'n< 

J    Rw^-u         Enpine  Co..    Box     '- 

^''ii    -i^*  Laaaaa  City- 


m 


GASOLINE   ENGINES— r 


That  do  reliable  work  are 
our  specialty.  Many  manu- 
facturers claim  many  things, 
some  that  are  not  well  found- 
ed. We  guarantee  our  en- 
gines to  do  what  we  claim 
for  them. 


Wind  -  Mills, 
Tanks,  Rams, 
Iron  and  Wire 
Fences,   Pumps. 


SYDNOR  PUMP  &  WELL  CO.,  Inc. 

Box  949.  RICHMOND.  VA. 


The  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway 

Extending  from  Cincinnati  and  Louisville,  and 
THR0UQ1  ITS  CONNECTIONS.... 

THE  BIG  FOUR  SYSTEM,  from  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  Peoria,  Indianapolis, 

Safadusky  and  Cleveland ; 
THE  OHIO  CENTRAL  LIXES,  from  Toledo  and  Columbus; 
THE  CINCINNATI,  HAMILTON  &  DAYTON,  from  Detroit,  Toledo,  Lima 
and  Dayton — 

FORMS  THE  MOST  DIRECT  ^"t^lZ? [^r^'^J^'c-A"'  ROUTE. 

Xo  STAVMTOI«,   LVKCHBVRG,   CHARLOTTESTILLE, 
RICHMOISD,    PHTER.<»B17RC    NORFOLK, 
And  Principal  Tlrglnla  Point?. 

H.  W.  FULLER,  Qen.  Pass.  Agt.  C.  &  0.  Ry.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHEEN  PLANTER. 


801 


CHRISTMAS  CHEER 

In  the  Greatest  Abundance  at 

^MOORE'S^ 

Remember,  we  are  headquarters  for  Christmas  Supplies;  come  to 
town  and  do  your  Holiday  Shopping  with  us.  You  will  save  the 
cost  of  your  trip.  A  few  articles  quoted  below  will  convince  you 
how  low  our  retail  prices  are.  Write  for  wholesale  prices. 
Remember  we  are  wholesale  as  well  as  retail  grocers,  Special  prices 
to  merchants,  Write  us  for  prices  on  any  articles  not  mentioned, 
Our  retail  prices  are  : 


Granulated  Sugar 4|c 

Best  Irish  Potatoes,  bushel 75c 

Best  Meal,  bushel 70c 

3-pouncl  Crocks  Preserves 18c 

Pride  of  Richmond  Flour,  barrel $4.75 

Or,  per  sack 30c 

Try-aBita,  lOe  package,  or  3  for 25c 

3-pound  Pails  Apple  Butter I8c 

Mother  Oats,  package 9c 

Quaker  Oats,  package 10c 

Silver  Leaf  Lard,  pound 10c 

Butcher's  Lard,  pound 10c 

Good  Lard,  3  pounds  for 25c 

California  Kams,  pound 9c 

Regular  Hams,  pound 16c 

Best  Salt  Pork,  pound 10c 

Good  Salt  Pork,  pound 8c 


TTew  Layer  Raisins,  2  pounds  for 26c 

ISTeAV  Loose  Raisins,  pound 10c 

ISTew  Sultana  Raisins,  pound 12ic 

TvTew  Seeded  Raisins,  pound lOo 

ISTew  Citron,  pound 15c 

ISTew  Mixed  ISTuts,  pound 12^0 

Almonds,  po\ind   15c 

Filberts,  pound 12c 

Brazil  ISTuts,  pound 10c 

English  Nuts,  pound 15c 

Pecans,  pound 12^c 

Coooanuts,  each ^c 

Old  Crow  Rye,  per  gallon $3.00 

Old  Keystone  Rye,  per  gallon $2.50 

Old  Excelsior  Rye,  per  gallon 2.00 

Old  Capitol  Rye,  per  gallon 1.50 

North  Carolina  Corn,  per  gallon 2.00 


Jugs  10c.  per  gallon  extra.     All  kinds  and  grades   of  Wines  and  Liquors  at  lowest  prices. 
Special  attention  to  out-of-town  orders  for  jug  and  bottle  trade.     Consignments  of  country  produce  so- 
licited and  taken  in  exchange. 

J.  S.  MOORE'S  SONS,  Wholesale  and  Retail  Grocers, 

1724  East  Main  Street,  (Cor.  18th.)  Long  Distance  Phone.    RICHMOND,  VA. 

These  are  cash  prices,  subject  to  market  fluctiiations. 


802 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[December 


HIS  BESETTING  SIN. 

Ephraim  was  a  man  of  Importance, 
being  an  elder  in  tlie  Baptist  Church 
and  much  given  to  exhortation,  prayer, 
and  song.  His  cabin  was  the  scene  of 
many  a  "revival,"  and  the  powerful 
prayers  offered  by  Ephraim  on  these 
occasions  were  the  wonder  and  admira- 
tion of  the  colored  population. 

With  all  his  religious  ardor,  how- 
ever, there  were  times  when  the  pleas- 
ures of  the  world  appealed  strongly  to 
him.  Seeing  him  approach  one  morn- 
ing with  downcast  eyes  and  an  air  of 
general  dejection.  Colonel  Snead  ac- 
costed him  thus: 

"Hello,  Eph.!  you  look  as  if  you 
were  going  to  your  own  funeral. 
What's  the  matter?" 

"Well,  Kunnel,  I  feels  bad,  suh,"  re- 
plied Eph.;  "de  'casion  am  a  ser'ous 
one,  suh.  You  know  de  young  folks 
done  hab  a  party  at  Nick  Finney's  de 
udder  night,  an'  as  I's  been  a-  wrast- 
lin'  in  pray'r  fer  de  salvation  ob  Nick's 
soul  for  a  pow'ful  long  time,  I  done 
thought  I'd  'cept  de  invertation  an'  go, 
an'  maybe  I  mout  drap  a  word  or  two 
dat  would  tech  his  heart.  But  dey  was 
mighty  leetle  chance  ter  talk  ter  Nick 
'bout  'ligion,  fer  dat  nigger  will  dance 
wheneher  he  heah  a  fiddle.  Well,  suh, 
I  went,  an'  now  dey  claims  as  how  I 
was  a-dancin',  an'  I's  ter  be  tried  ter- 
day  an'  put  outen  de  chu'ch." 

"Well,  Eph.,  that's  pretty  hard  luck, 
but  they  ought  to  know  that  an  elder 


of  your  standing  would  not  indulge  in 
anything  so  worldly  as  dancing,"  re- 
plied the  Colonel  with  a  twinkle  in  his 
eye,  well  knowing  that  Eph.'s  besetting 
sin  was  not  tripping  the  light  fan- 
tastic. 

"I  hopes  so,  Kunnel,  I  hopes  so,"  re- 
joined Eph.  in  a  tone  of  utter  despair 
as  he  trudged  on  towards  the  town. 

Late  the  same  afternoon  Colonel 
Snead  heard  a  voice  singing  lustily 
"I's  gwine  ter  jine  de  band,"  and  rec- 
ognizing Eph.,  he  asked, — 

"How  did  the  trial  go,  Eph.?" 

"Dey  cl'ar'd  me,  Kunnel,  bress  de 
Lawd!   dey  cl'ar'd  me." 

"Cleared  you,  did  they?  that's  good. 
Then  you  proved  you'd  not  been  danc- 
ing?" said  the  Colonel. 

"No,  suh,  Kunnel,  dey  proved  it  on 
me  all  right,  but  dey  'lowed  I  was 
drunk  an'  didn'  know  what  I  was 
doin',  so  dey  cl'ar'd  me,  Kunnel — bress 
de  Lawd!" — Pettdence  Baxteb,  in  No- 
vember Lippincott's. 


MONTEBELLO    HERD 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS    CATTLE 

FOR  SALE— 2  Registered  Bulls,,  calved 
Dec.  17tb,  1902,  and  Aug.  28th,  1903 

BerKsKire  Pi^s, 

(Biltmore  Strain.) 
farrowed  May  1903.  For  terms,  apply  to 

L.  H.  GRAY,  Orange,  Va. 


COLLIE  PUPS- 


By  Imported  Sires,  sable  and  white  and  tri- 
colors. Prices.  88  to  SI  5.  Olderonescorrespond- 
Ingly  low-  Book  on  Training,  ^t  cents :  Fkek  If 
you  buy  a  Collie.  MAPLEMONT  STOi  K  FARM, 
Albany,  Vermont. 


Aryshires,  Berkshires  and  Oxford-Downs. 

Ayrshire  Calvei  of  both  lexM,  Berluhtr* 
Pigs  and  Boar  and  2  Oxford- Down  Run*  tor 
sale.  MELROSE  CASTLE  FARM. 

GnoB  H.   Hess,    Manager,   CaaanoTa.   Va. 


C.  Whites.    Fine    large 

strains.    All  ages,  mated 

not  a  in,  8  week,  pigs. 

Bred  sows.  Service  boars     "^ 

and  Poultry.     Write  for  prices  and  free  circular. 

P.  F.  HAMILTON.  Cochranviile,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. 


FOR  SALE, --My  Trotting-bred  Stallion 

OBORGH  BURNS,  foaled  May  11,  1900.    Ma- 
hogany bay.  star  In  face,  left  hind  foot  whit*, 
of  good  style,  easy  to  handle;  will  make  good 
breeder.    Write  for  his  breeding. 
J.   TABB  JANNEY,  Van  CleveBviUe.  W.  Va. 

JERSEY    BULL. 

"Harry's  Jersey  King"  45706,  FOR 
SALE.  He  is  beautiful,  well  developed, 
weighs  about  1,500  lbs.,  perfectly  gentle 
and  fawn  color  I  bought  him  from  Bilt- 
more Farms,  but  can  use  him  no  longer. 
Address  P.  H.  HANES,  Winston-Salem, 
N.  C. 


Pedigrees  traced  and  tabulated.  Catalogues  compiled  and 
circulars  prepared.  Special  attention  given  registration 
matters  pertaining  to  thoroughbred  and  trotting  horses. 


W.  J. 


CARTER  (Broad  Rock), 

P.O.  Box  929  RICHMOND,  VA, 


Representing  the  .... 

The  Times-Dispatch,  Richmond,  Va. 
Southern  Planter,  Richmond,  Va. 
Sports  of  the  Times,  New  York. 
Kentucky  Stock  Farm,  Lexington,  Ky. 
Breeder  and  Sportsman,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

REFERENCES:— Mr.  A.  B.  Gwathmey,  Cotton  Exchange, 
N«w  York;  Mr.  W.  N.  Wilmer,  of  Wilmer  &  Canfleld,  Law- 
yers, 49  Wall  St.,  New  York;  Col.  K,  M.  Murchison,  Banker, 
Wilmington,  N.  C;  Mr.  L.  Banks  Holt,  Proprietor  Oneida 
Cotton  Mills  and  Alamance  Farm,  Graham,  N.  C;  Maj.  P.  P. 
Johnson,  President  National  Trotting  Association,  Lexing- 
ton, Ky.;  Capt.  R.  J.  Hancock,  Ellerslie  Stud  Farm,  Char- 
lottesville, Va.;  Sam'l  Walton,  Walton  Farm,  Falls  Mills, 
Va.;  R.  J.  Reynolds,  President  R.  J.  Reynolds  Tobacco  Co., 
Winston,  N.  C.;  Hon.  Henry  Fairfax,  Aldie,  Va.;  Jas.  Cox, 
Belgravia  Farm,  Mt.  Jackson,  Va. 


AINSLIE  CARRIAGE  CO., 

Nos.  8,  10  and  12  Tenth  St.,  RICHMOND,  VA. 


Building  Carriages  to  order  is  our  special  business.  Re- 
pairing and  Repainting  done,  and  best  material  used.  A 
full  line  of  all  the  latest  styles.  Orders  for  all  classes  of 
\>hicles  solicited.    Write  for  prices. 


AQNEL,  38033. 

Bay  stallion,  foaled  1900;  sired  by  Guardsman  19355,  re- 
cord 2:23i;  dam  the  great  brood  mare  Zeta,  dam  of  Miss 
Duke,  2:13,  etc.,  by  Red  Wilkes. 

AGNEL  has  fine  size  and  is  a  grand  looking  young  horse, 
he  is  richly  bred  and  has  the  action  of  a  trotter. 

Fee  J15.00  the  season. 

BEN.  W.  SOUTHERLAND,  Mt.  Olive,  N.  C. 


WHALEBONE,  7872. 

Sired  by  Abdallah  Wilkes,  son  of  George  Wilkes,  2:22, 
dam  Maggie  0.,  by  Abdallah,  15,  sire  of  Goldsmith  Maid, 
2:14;  second  dam  Viley  Filly,  by  Pilot,  Jr.,  sire  of  dam  of 
Maud  S.  2:083. 

Note. — Whalebone  is  a  richly  colored  bay  horse  of  fine 
size,  handsome  and  well  formed.  His  disposition  is  perfect. 
He  has  sired  Visitor,  2:261,  and  other  winners. 

FEE,  $15,  with  usual  return  privilege. 


W.  C.  McMACKIN,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 


RED    LEO,   28028.     Record,  2:26i. 
(See  American  Trotting  Register,  Vol.  XIV.) 
Sired  by  Red  Wilkes,  1749,  the  greatest  living  sire;  dam  Dic- 
tator Girl,  by  Dictator 
NOTE— Red  Leo  is  a  richly-colored  bay  horse  of  fine  size 
and  substance.     He  comes  from  a  great  line  of  performers  and 
producers.     Maizie  Z.,  2:19J;  Ella  Leo,  2:20J;  Cassia  Leo,  2:23J, 
and  other  winners  are  by  him. 
FEE,  $25  the  season,  with  usual  return  privilege.     Address 

WALTON  FARM,  Falls  Mills,  Va. 


1903.] 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


803 


The  (olUwIng  lut  or  pap*n  u<  p«ri«4le*]a 
An  the  moat  popular  •■•■  la  tkli  Mctlsn. 
We  can  SAVE  YOU  MONBT  m  what«Tar 
ieurnal  70U  wish. 


DAILIES. 

Price.    With 
Alea*.  Planter. 

Times- Dispatch,  Richmond,  Va |t  M  |t  M 

Tbo  Poft,  Washlneton,  D.  C (  M    (  M 

Tlia  San,  Baltimore,  MS 3  00     S  40 

News- Leader,  Richmond,  Va. t  M    S  M 

TRI-WBKKLT. 

The  World  (thrlce-a-week).  N.  T....  1  #«  1  t5 

WXBKLIKS. 

Harper's  Weekly    4  10  4(9 

Harper's  Baiaar  IK  j4j 

MontEomerj  Advertiser  IM  ISO 

NashTlIlo  American   H  7j 

The  Baltimore  Sun  Id  jjj 

Breeder's  Qaiette  j  M  1  75 

Heard's  Dairyman  ^1^  l»l 

Country  Qontloman  I  H  1  76 

Religious  Herald,  RIchmoad,  Va..!!!  HO  tU 

Tlmoe-Dlspatch,  Richmond,  Va 1  W  1  23 

ehrlstlan  Advocate,       "           "     1  CO  1  7i 

>BtraI  Preskyterlan,    •'          "    !!!!joO  125 

HorsoMan    1,^  35, 

MONTHLIBS. 

Wool  Markets  and  Sheep BO  75 

Dairy  and  Creamery  50  71 

Commercial  Poultry  50  75 

^'  '*"• !!!!!!!  1 6o  i  u 

North  American  Review  I  00    500 

The  Century  Macaiino !!!!  4  00    4  It 

St.  Nicholas  MacazlBo  !  j  00    8  K 

Llpplncott's  Msjazlne  !  J  (0    160 

Harper's  Magaiiae  4  00    4  00 

Forum  Matazlne    100    8U 

Scrlbner's  MagazlBe  |00    IS 

Frank  Leslies  Ma«azlao 1  00    1  35 

Cosmopolitan  Macszlne  1  00    1  J5 

Everybody's  MajaJlne  1  00    1  86 

Mansey  Magazine   100    135 

Strand  Magazine  lU    ijj 

McClure's  Magazine  1  00    1  15 

Argosy  Magazine  1  00    1  86 

Review  of  Reviews  160    I75 

Blooded  Stock 50       60 

Successful  Farming 1  00       75 

•outhern  Fruit  Grower BO       85 

Where  you  desire  to  subscribe  to  two  or 
more  of  the  publications  named,  you  can  ar- 
rive at  the  net  subscription  price  by  deduct- 
t«g  50  cents  from  "our  price  with  the 
PLANTER."  If  you  desire  to  subscribe  to 
aay  other  publications  not  listed  here,  write 
as  and  wo  will  cheerfully  quote  clubbing  or 
aet  subscription  rates. 

Subscribers  whose  time  does  not  expire 
antll  later  can  take  advantage  of  our  club 
rates,  and  have  their  subscription  advanced 
•BO  year  from  date  of  expiration  of  their 
rabscrlptlon  to  either  the  PLANTER  or  any 
of  the  other  publications  mentioned. 

Don't  hesitate  to  write  us  for  any  Informa- 
Uoo  desired:  we  will  cheerfully  answer  any 
oorrospoadence. 

We  furnish  NO  SAMPIsE  COPIES  of  other 
Mriodlcali. 


Seed  House  of  the  South. 


ORCHARD 

QRASS, 

RED  TOP  or 

HERDS  GRASS, 

KENTUCKY 

BLUB  QRASS, 

RANDALL 

GRASS, 

TALL  MEADOW 

OAT  GRASS, 

JOHNSON 

GRASS, 

GERHAN 

MILLET, 

BUCKWHEAT, 

OATS  and 

CANE  SEED. 


**  Whatsoever  One  Soweth,  That  Shall  He  Reap," 

We  sell  strictly  reliable  FIELD  AND  GARDEN  SEEDS  of  every 
variety  at   Lowest   Market  rates,   included   in  which   are 
RAGLAND'S     PEDIGREE    TOBACCO    SEEDS. 
^      ^      ^      WE  ALSO   SELL 

Our   Own   Brands   of   Fertilizers 

For  Tobacco,  Corn,  Wheat,  Potatoes,  &c. 

Pure    Raw-Bone   Meal,    Nova    Scotia    and  Virginia    Plaster   and 
Fertilizing  Materials  generally. 

Parties  wishing  to  purchase  will  find  it  to  their  interest  to  price  our  goods. 
Samples  sent  by  mail  when  desired. 

1016   Main    Street, 
LYNCHBURG,  VA. 


Wm.  A.  Miller  &  Son,  ^ 


Headquarters  for 
Nursery  Stock. 


WHOLESALE 

AND 

RETAIL. 


We  make  a  specialty  of  handling  dealers'  orders. 
ALL  STOCK  TRUE   TO    NAME. 


•^  Apples,  Nectarines,           Pecans, 

<|»  Pears,  Cherry,                 Chestnuts, 

^  Peach,  Quinces,                Walnuts, 

«|»  Plum,  Almonds,              Small  Fruits, 

«|»  Apricots, 

4*  CALIFORNIA   PRIVET,  for   Hedging. 

J*  .    .    AGENTS  WANTED. 

^  FRANKLIN  DAVIS   NURSERY   CO., 


Ornamental  and 
Shade  Trees, 
Evergreens, 
Roses,  Etc 

WRITE   FOR   CATALOGUE. 

Baltimore,  Md 


804 


THE  SOUTHERN  PLANTER. 


[December 


ABRAHAM  LINCOT.N'S  FRRS^RIP 
TION. 

There  Is  a  story,  still  current  in  Illi- 
nois, which  says  that  an  old  farmer 
friend  of  President  Lincoln's,  who 
used  to  correspond  with  him,  com- 
plained on  one"  occasion  of  his  poor 
hearth.  He  received  the  following  re- 
ply, which  is  quoted  in  Illinois  as 
"Lincoln's  prescription:"  "Do  not 
worry.  Eat  three  square  meals  a  day. 
Say  vour  prayers.  Think  of  your  wife. 
Be  courteous  to  your  creditors.  Keep 
your  digestion  good.  Steer  clear  of 
biliousness.  Exercise.  Go  slow  and 
go  easy.  Maybe  there  are  other  things 
that  your  especial  case  requires  to 
make  you  happy;  but,  my  dear  friend, 
these,  I  reckon,  will  give  you  a  good 
lift." 

This  advice  is  doubtless  applicablt 
in  its  entirety  to  many  Americans  in 
every  state  of  the  Union  to-day.  There 
are  parts  of  it  which  apply  to  us  gen- 
erally— as  a  nation.  "Do  not  worry. 
Keep  your  digestion  good.  Go  slow 
and  go  easy."  It  would  be  difficult  to 
find  an  American  who  has  not  some- 


thing to  amend  on  these  points.  Worry 
and  dyspepsia  have  assumed  the  pro- 
portions of  national  evils,  and  the/ 
are  both  more  or  less  the  results  of  un- 
due haste.  There  is  no  surer  way  to 
promote  dyspepsia  than  to  be  in  a  con- 
stant state  of  hurry,  and  nothing  will 
so  surely  give  one  the  "blues"  or  In- 
cline one  to  worrying  and  fretting 
than  dyspepsia.  Our  native  institution 
— the  "quick  lunch"  restaurant, — is  re- 
sponsible for  a  large  proportion  of  the 
physical  ills  of  business  people  in  large 
cities.  Eating  hastily — "bolting"  one's 
food,  as  it  is  popularly  expressed, — is 
enough  to  ruin  the  digestive  organs  of 
an  ostrich.  A  man  would  better  eat 
halt  as  much  as  usual  at  the  midday 
meal, — which  is  usually  the  most  hur- 
ried,— and  take  time  to  masticate 
properly  what  he  does  put  into  his 
stomach.  Better  still  would  it  be  if 
he  would  give  himself  ample  time  to 
relax  and  eat  a  light  lunch  without 
allowing  any  thought  of  business  to 
intrude  on  this  necessary  period  of  re- 
laxation , — Success. 


Soak  your  new  toothbrush  in  water 
over  night  to  insure  longer  wear. 

To  remove  mildew,  use  lemon  juice 
and  sunshine;  or,  if  deep-seated,  soak 
in  a  solution  of  one  tablespoonful  of 
chloride  of  lime  in  four  quarts  of  cold 
water,  until  the  mildew  has  disappear- 
ed. Rinse  several  times  in  clear  wa- 
ter. 

Soap  improves  with  keeping,  so  it 
should  be  bought  in  large  quantities. 
Before  storing  it,  however,  it  is  well 
to  cut  the  bars  into  convenient  pieces, 
for  this  most  easily  done  when  it  is 
soft.  The  cutting  may  be  done  with 
a  piece  of  string  or  wire  nrore  easily 
than  with  a  knife. 

Keep  a  flour  barrel  elevated  at  least 
two  inches  from  the  floor  on  a  rack,  to 
allow  a  current  of  fresh  air  to  pass 
under  it  and  prevent  dampness  collect- 
ing at  the  bottom.  Do  not  allow  any 
groceries  or  provisions  with  a  strong 
odor  near  the  flour  barrel.  Nothing 
absorbs  odors  more  certainly  than 
flour. 


Established    by 
GEO.  WATT,  1840. 


...  IMPLEMENTS  &  MACHINERY  ... 


MANFRED    CALL. 
Gen'l    Manager. 


THE  NEW  MOLINE. 


WOOD  AND  STEEL  ROLLERa. 


DISC  DRILLS.  (ALL  Sizes.) 

PLOWS  AND  PLOW  REPAIRS  of  all  kinds.     We  make  plows  for  all  purposes  and  sell  them  on  their  merits. 

FRED  AND   ENSILAGE  CUTTERS,  CORN  SHELLERS,  ENGINES,  SAW  MILLS,  CORN  AND  COB  MILLS, 
ETC.,  ETC. 
W«  solicit  inquires  for  anything  desired.    Write  for  circulars. 

;«l°..rr:*:„fc':":    Richmond,  va.   the  call=watt  co. 

D.  H.  HILL  LIBRARY 

North  Carolina  State  College