MARY CUSTIS LEE
CHAPTER
No. 1884
PRESENTED TO THE
UNIVERSITY OF
CALIFORNIA
Los ANGELES
JUNE 3, 19528
To THE STUDENT OF OUR
NATION'S HISTORY, THERE
IS NO CHAPTER MORE INTER-
ESTING OR THRILLING, THAN
THE STORY OF THE SOUTH
AND THE GREAT ROLE IT HAS
PLAYED IN OUR NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT.
BBF
..*
THE SOUTH in the
Building of the Nation
HISTORY OF THE
SOUTHERN STATES
DESIGNED to RECORD the
SOUTH'S PART in the MAKING
of the AMERICAN NATION;
to PORTRAY the CHARACTER
and GENIUS, to CHRONICLE
the ACHIEVEMENTS and PROG
RESS and to ILLUSTRATE the
LIFE and TRADITIONS of the
SOUTHERN PEOPLE
VOLUME XIII
INDEX AND READING COURSES
BY
J. WALKER McSPADDEN
The SOUTHERN
PUBLICATION SOCIETY
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA
119935
COPYRIGHT, 1913
BY
THE SOUTHERN HISTORICAL PUBLICATION SOCIBTT
v,
PREFACE
The addition of a thirteenth volume devoted to an index
and analysis of the twelve-volume Library, THE SOUTH IN
THE BUILDING OF THE NATION, is intended to meet the oft-
expressed desires of many readers. Certainly no work of
reference more keenly merits such treatment. At every turn
as the editor progressed with the work new avenues opened
up inviting research and suggesting still further fields of in-
vestigation.
It has been a wonderfully inspiring study, and one which
in the doing would be calculated to make every Southerner
and every American citizen glow with pride. If only the men
of early deeds, the empire-builders of the past, had been
privileged to look through the broad, rich pages of these books,
foreseeing the achievement of each state and of the South as
a Whole, how great would have been their joy of proprietor-
ship! But what was denied them is now within the reach of
every schoolboy and girl. Truly the half had 'never been told
no, nor even the tenth part set down until this series of
monumental volumes was published!
To have aided in any way in such a work, even though it
be only as a guide pointing out pleasant paths to follow, is a
source of gratification to the present editor. The need of
systematic guidance to the Library has been long apparent.
There is far too much in these comprehensive volumes for
even the experienced reader to grasp at one trial; while the
student following any special lines would inevitably miss many
related topics of great value without recourse to an Index
or Courses of Study.
The present Index merits the name of Analytical, as it cites
every important name and subject throughout the twelve vol-
umes often in more than one way, as, for example, a state
university will be found listed both under the state and under
the word university. The Index is closely alphabetized, and
contains nearly 20,000 references, each complete in itself.
The Reading and Study Courses, which follow are given a
special word of explanation. They are the other hemisphere
iii
iv PREFACE
to the completed whole, or, to vary the figure of speech, the
other segment to the keystone of the arch. They should be
used closely in connection with the Index, as they constantly
refer back to it for further citations. This was found neces-
sary in order to avoid extending the Courses uselessly. For
example, George Washington might be referred to only once
at a given place in the Courses, whereas an entire column of
entries will be found under his name in the Index.
With the two placed side by side, the reader should be able
to map out many congenial lines of related research and
pleasurable perusal for himself. This is but another tribute
to the inexhaustible quality of the Library. It carries us back
unwearied to the very well-springs of history and shows us
all the varied causes social, industrial, political, intellectual,
aesthetic, military, which have made the South a mighty
factor in the upbuilding of our common country.
J. WALKER MCSPADDEN.
May 13, 1913.
Abbott, John, "Natural History
of the Rarer Lepidopterous
Insects of Georgia, The,"
VII, 246.
Abdallah, famous stallion, V,
245.
Abdul Rahaman, X, 171.
"Abeille de la Nouvelle-Or-
leans, L'," founded in New
Orleans, X, 123.
Abercombie, John William, ed-
ucator, life of, XI, 1.
Abolition movement cause for
stronger slavery sentiment in
South, IV, 402.
growth of, IV, 398, 460.
Abolition of slavery, how it has
affected the Southern popu-
lation, I, xlix.
Abolition sentiment in Virginia,
I, 110.
Abolitionism, Northern, stopped
Southern emancipation
schemes, V, 110.
Abolitionist Convention of 1855,
IV, 399, 400.
Abolitionist publications seized
and destroyed, IV, 406.
Abolitionists, aggressive strat-
egy of, IV, 404.
Abolitionists, incendiary docu-
ments of, IV, 406.
Abschnitt XX in M. Cantor's
Vorlesungen uber Geschichte
der Mathematik, by Cajori,
VII, 217.
Academies, attended by girls, X,
276.
course of study in, X, 275.
in the South, X, 274.
punishment in, X, 275.
sternness of discipline in, X,
275.
Academy of Richmond County,
Ga., X, 276.
Acadians arrive in Louisiana,
III, 92.
"Accidence to the Mathemat-
ick," by Jones, VII, 202.
Acid, sulphuric, manufacture of,
VI, 292.
"Act for the Establishment of
Religious Freedom, An,"
passed by Virginia House of
Delegates, X, 480.
Act of Toleration incorporated
into Virginia laws, X, 469.
Act of Uniformity and the
Church of England, X, 467.
Acts of Trade direct causes of
Revolution, IV, 44.
Adair, James, English trader, II,
345.
Adair, John, soldier and poli-
tician, life of, XI, 1.
Adams, Henry C., on cost of the
Civil War to the North, V,
422.
Adams, Herbert B., historical
and political studies estab-
lished by, VI, 547; VII, 112.
Adams, Jasper, New England
teacher in South Carolina,
VII, 302.
Adams, John, affairs during ad-
ministration of, I, 104.
New England type of states-
man, VII, 272.
retirement from office episode,
IX, 108.
Adams, John Quincy, contro-
versy as President with Gov-
ernor Troup of Georgia, II,
161.
earns title of " Old Man Elo-
quent " on Slavery question,
IV, 408.
impressions of Randolph's
speech, IX, 111.
interest in the Texas question,
III, 367.
on the slavery issue, III, 219.
opposes annexation of Texas,
III, 373.
tribute to Wirt, IX, 117.
Adams, Stephen, lawyer and leg-
islator, life of, XI, 2.
INDEX.
Adams, Thomas Albert Smith,
clergyman, poet, life of, XI,
3.
"Address to the Electors of the
Second District of Louis-
iana," by Livingston, VII,
195.
Adger, Rev. John B., X, 521.
Admission of New States, Mar-
tin on, IX, 180.
"Ad-Vance," the, in the Civil
War, I, 486.
"Adventurers of the Person," V,
88.
"Adventurers of the Purse," V,
88.
"Advocate, The," newspaper
founded in Arkansas, III,
291, 296.
.Esthetic life, The, in the South,
X, 673.
".ffithra," by Hayne, VII, 35.
Affect of folk-lore on religion
of Southern Negro, VII, 67.
Africa, slave trade in, IV, 211.
African Methodist Episcopal
Church, The, founds Allen
University, South Carolina,
and Morris Brown College,
Georgia, X, 251.
African origin of folk-lore, VII,
67.
African slaves, demand for in
the South, IV, 215.
African survival in folk-lore of
the Gullak Negro, VII, 65.
African, the, not the Achilles'
heel of American destiny,
X, 214.
"Age, The,** edited by Fortune,
VII, 535.
"Age of Clay, The," X, 697.
"Age of Steel, The," X, 697.
Agnes Scott College, X, 254, 263.
"Agon of Old Attic Comedy,
The," review of, by Gilder-
sleeve, VII, 149.
Agricultural credit, V, 457 et
seq.
demonstration work, effect of
on the farms, X, 610.
education in the Southern
States, X, 1370.
Agricultural experiment sta-
tions, VII, 257.
experiment stations, increased
interest in, VI, 22.
fairs and expositions, South-
ern, V, 586 et seq.
field schools, X, 607.
literature, great development
of, V, 227.
press, X, 376.
products, fictitious dealings in,
VI, 405 et seq.
products, fluctuations in prices
of, VI, 396 et seq.
products, increase in, I, 1.
schools, county or district,
needed, X, 603.
societies, formation of, V,
552.
society, an American, organ-
ized in 1790, V, 81.
wheels, organizations of, VI,
581.
Agricultural and Mechanical
College, Louisiana, united
with Louisiana State Univer-
sity, X, 229.
Agricultural and mechanical
colleges, X, 247, 249, 368.
Agricultural colleges, growth
of, in the South, VI, 473.
land grants for, VI, 29; VI,
469.
what they should be and
teach, X, 378.
Agricultural Society of South
Carolina, first in the South,
V, 552; X, 364.
"Agricultural Survey of South
Carolina," by Ruffin, VII,
176.
Agriculturalists, economic iso-
lation of, V, 75.
Agriculture, advantages of the
South in, V, 214.
aided by Southern Revolu-
tionary leaders, V, 81.
and the negro, X, 25.
boards and commissions of,
VI, 467.
books and periodicals on, V,
81.
changes in methods of, VI,
19.
INDEX.
Agriculture, colonial products
of, V, 36-39.
condition of, in 1870, VI, 468.
conditions of, in the 20th cen-
tury, VI, 19.
early American methods of,
early English, V, 80.
evils of single-cropping in, V,
258.
favorable conditions for, in
the South, V, 19.
Federal Department of, VI,
118.
Federal promotion of, V, 485.
fluctuating prices and wages
in, V, 426 et seq.
great profits of, after 1890,
VI, 74.
implements and machinery of,
V, 81.
improved implements of, VI,
95.
improved methods of, V, 41.
in primary and secondary
schools, X, 373.
lack of invention in, V, 157.
laws for teaching in public
schools, VI, 22.
Northern, basis of, V, 152.
plantation and farm systems
in, V, 73 et seq.
predominance of, in the
South, V, 146, 213.
primitive modes of, in the
Southern colonies, V, 36-38.
proportion of whites in, VI,
45.
resumption of credit system
in, VI, 420.
revolutionary improvements
in, V, 81.
scientific, progress of, VI, 22.
severe depression in, VI, 95.
Southern, basal feature of, V,
152.
Southern, broadly separated
from Northern, V, 152.
Southern, influence of state
and Federal governments in
promoting, VI, 467 et seq.
Southern, influence of the fac-
torage system on, V, 398
et seq.
Southern, influence of the
Panama Canal on, VI, 642
et seq.
Agriculture, Southern methods
of, V, 152 et seq.
Southern, suited to the de-
mands of other states, VI,
357.
state and local agencies for
promoting, V, 551 et seq.
study of, IV, 190.
the one great industry of the
old South, V, 73.
Washington's scientific meth-
ods in, V, 154.
writers on, V, 174.
writings on, VII, 175.
Aguayo, San Miguel de, expedi-
tion in Texas, III, 346.
Aiken, D. Wyatt, hillside ditch-
ing taught by, VI, 537.
Ainslie, Hew, poet, life of, XI, 3.
ALABAMA
admission into Union, II, 271.
affect of Louisiana Purchase
upon, II, 263.
affect of war upon churches,
II, 307.
agricultural state, an, II, 274.
ancient civilization in, II, 245.
annexation of West Florida
advocated, III, 28.
banking in, V, 468.
Black Code, II, 299.
boundary disputes with West
Florida, IV, 150.
British methods of coloniza-
tion, II, 256.
carpet-baggers in, II, 302.
ceded to England, II, 255.
chief towns of the state, in
1819, II, 273.
coal mining in, V, 293.
coal production of, II, 329.
coke production in, VI, 183.
colonial and territorial, II,
243.
Comer's administration, II,
326.
conditions at close of recon-
struction period, II, 312.
Confederacy organized at
Montgomery, II, 289.
confiscation laws, II, 294.
constitutional convention of
1865, II, 299.
INDEX.
Alabama, constitutional tax
rate of, VI, 481.
constitution of 1819, II, 272.
constitution of 1867, II, 302.
constitution of 1875, II, 309.
constitution of 1901, II, 323.
copper mining in, V, 281, 283.
cotton in, II, 274, 313, 327.
development of education in
before the war, X, 205.
development of iron and steel
industry in, VI, 182.
early immigration, II, 271.
early interest in national af-
fairs, II, 266.
early politics, II, 276.
early religious life, II, 257,
266.
early towns, II, 269.
early transportation problems,
II, 274.
economic and social condi-
tions at close of war, II, 295.
education after war, II, 305.
education in, II, 275, 329.
English land system, II, 258.
events which led to secession,
II, 287.
De Soto's explorations in, II,
248.
Farmer's Alliance in, II, 315.
farming conditions in 1880, II,
313.
farm laborers in, X, 609.
farm lands and products, II,
328.
financial history of, VI, 480.
first constitutional convention
held in Huntsville, II, 272.
first English settlers in, II,
258.
first railway in, II, 285.
first steamboat in, II, 274.
"flush times" in, II, 279, 284.
Freedman's Bureau in, II, 296.
free-silver craze in, II, 319.
French colonization, II, 251,
272.
French, British and Spanish
land grants in, V, 59, 60.
French mode of governing, II,
254.
geological and agricultural
surveys in, V, 559.
Alabama, geological survey con-
ducted by Smith, E. A., VII,
256.
Germans in the northern part
of, X, 149.
gold mining in, V, 281.
government established, II,
257.
history of, II, 243.
improved waterways in, VI,
649.
increase in manufactures, II,
313.
increase in state debt, II, 305.
Indian lands, II, 276.
Indian troubles, II, 267.
Indians emigrate from, II,
277.
Indians in, II, 245.
industrial and economic ques-
tions, II, 284.
industrial conditions in 1865,
II, 307.
in the Confederacy, II, 290.
in the Mexican war, II, 281.
in the Revolution, II, 259.
in the Spanish-American
War, II, 322.
in the War of 1812, II, 266.
iron industry in, V, 285; VI,
226, 272 et seq.
iron ores in, VI, 223, 224.
iron ore produced in, V, 9;
II, 329.
Jackson's share in moulding,
II, 271.
Jeffersonian Democrats in, II,
318.
Johnson's plan of Reconstruc-
tion, II, 297.
King, William R., of this
state, elected vice-president,
II, 284.
Ku Klux Klan in, II, 297.
list of governors, III, 482.
losses from Civil War, II, 293.
material progress, II, 327.
mines and manufactures, II,
328.
mining in, II, 313.
Mississippi line surveyed, II,
378.
Mississippi territory created,
II, 263.
Mobile founded, II, 252.
national post roads in, V, 345.
INDEX.
Alabama, negroes in, II, 296.
negro in politics, the, II, 322.
Negro suffrage in, II, 300, 323.
newspapers in, II, 276.
nullification question in, II,
278.
occupied by Federals, II, 291.
overthrow of Reconstruction
party, II, 308.
Parson's administration, II,
298.
penitentiary system estab-
lished in, V, 131.
political conditions "before
Civil War, II, 280.
political interregnum after
War, II, 297.
politics in 1876, II, 310.
population in 1817, II, 272.
Populists in, II, 317.
prohibition in, II, 330.
public debt of, in 1865, V, 500.
public school funds, II, 310.
public school system estab-
lished, II, 286.
railways debts, II, 305.
railway rate law, II, 327.
readmitted into Union, II, 303.
recent political conditions, II,
314.
Reconstruction, II, 293.
Reconstruction by Congress,
II, 301.
relation of coal mining to
other industries in, VI, 182.
rice culture in, V, 170.
school funds, misappropria-
tion of, II, 306.
secession of, II, 288.
share in Texas struggle for in-
dependence, II, 280.
slavery question in, II, 282.
slaves first introduced into, II,
265.
Spanish attempt to regain, II,
259.
Spanish boundary defined, II,
262.
Spanish explorers, II, 246.
Spanish influence upon, II,
250.
Spanish regain control of col-
ony, II, 259.
starvation conditions in 1865,
II, 295.
Alabama, state bank experiment,
II, 278.
state finances of, V, 498-500;
VI, 480-483.
state government not recog-
nized by Congress, II, 299.
states rights in, II, 281.
tax system of, V, 499.
Tennessee settlers in, II, 271.
territorial government, II,
263.
territory separated from Mis-
sissippi, II, 269.
topography of, II, 243.
transportation in, before the
War, II, 285.
under carpetbag rule, VI, 480,
482; II, 303.
under military rule, II, 301.
United States obtains control
of, II, 263.
value of manufactures in, VI,
182.
vote in, on secession, IV, 348.
war expenditures of, V, 498.
whites again in control in, II,
311.
"Alabama and Mississippi," by
Owen, VII, 102.
Alabama Claims, the, IV, 648.
"Alabama," Confederate cruiser,
IV, 540.
"Alabama, History of," by
Picket, VII, 102.
"Alabama, Plant Life in," by
Mohr, VII, 251.
Alabama Platform, The, II, 283.
Alabama-Tombigbee Basin, the,
II, 243.
Alabama, University of, II, 275;
VII, 155, 309; X, 246.
Alamance, N. C., battle of, I,
455; IX, 8.
Alamo, the, massacre of, III,
364.
originally a chapel, III, 345.
Alarcon, Martin de, one of the
founders of San Antonio, III,
344.
Alaska Purchase, 1867, IV, 647.
Albemarle Colony called
"rogue's harbor," IV, 11.
Albemarle, question of govern-
ment in, I, 444.
8
INDEX.
Albemarle, settlement of, X,
100.
"Albemarle," the, in the Civil
War, I, 492.
Albemarle Sound, exploration
of, IV, 3.
Alcorn Agricultural and Me-
chanical College, II, 455.
Alcorn, James Lusk, governor
of Mississippi, II, 436; life
of, XI, 4.
Alderman, Edwin Anderson,
and the Southern Education
Board, X, 391.
life of, XI, 4. .
portrait of, facing, XI, 4.
Aldrich, Morton A., economic
teacher, VI, 550.
Alewives, Southern yield of,
VI, 161.
Alexander, Archibald, educator
and preacher, life of, XI, 5.
Alexander, Eben, educator, VII,
152.
Alexander, Edward Porter, sol-
dier, engineer and planter,
life of, XI, 7.
Alexander, John M., in the
Revolution, IX, 29.
Alexandria Library, VII, 495.
Alexandria, Theological Semi-
nary at, X, 522.
Alfalfa, cultivation of, V, 228.
Alfriend, Frank H., editor and
author, life of, XI, 7.
Alien and Sedition Acts, basis
of, IV, 261.
Alien and Sedition Laws, IV,
321, 453.
Allan, William, soldier and
military writer, life of, XI, 7.
"All at it and always at it; a
million annually for mis-
sions," X, 504.
Allegheny coal belt, VI, 226.
Allegheny Plateau, V, 8, 9.
Allen, F. D., educator, VII, 155.
Allen, Henry Watkins, planter,
soldier and governor, life of,
XI, 8.
Allen, James Lane, appreciation
of, by Henneman, VII, 330.
life of, XI, 9.
portrait, facing, VIII, 330.
Allen, James Lane, "Summer in
Arcady," VIII, Ix.
"The Choir Invisible," VIII,
liv.
writings, VII, 292; VIII, xlix.
Allen University, South Caro-
lina, X, 251.
"Almoran and Hamet," by
Munford, VII, 6.
Allston, James, X, 360.
Allston, Joseph, legislator, life
of, XI, 10; career of, II, 52.
Allston, Robert Francis With-
ers, planter and statesman,
life of, XI, 11; writings, VII,
176.
Allston, Washington, artistic
career of, X, 49, 676, 679.
painter and author, life of,
XI, 11.
portrait of, facing, VII, 12.
"Rosalie," VII, 13.
"Sylphs of the Seasons," VII,
12.
Allston, William, soldier and
planter, life of, XI, 12.
"All's Well That Ends Well,"
by Cable, VIII, 272.
Alsop, George, "A Character of
the Province of Maryland,"
VII, 2.
Altruist Company, VI, 582.
Alum works at Cape Sable, es-
tablished by Froost, VII, 223.
Amadas, Philip, and the Roan-
oke Colony, I, 3.
Ambrister, execution of, IX, 205.
Amelia Island, dispute between
Spain and United States, III,
19.
smuggling in, II, 158.
Amendment, Thirteenth, effect
of, VI, 585.
Amendments to U. S. Constitu-
tion, part of, III, 451.
America, Historical English
Studies in, VII, 119.
"America in Literature" quoted,
VIII, xiii.
America, struggle for, between
Spain, France and England, a
religious one, X, 542.
American and German Trading
and Insurance Company or-
ganized 1837, IV, 174.
INDEX.
American Association for the
Advancement of Science, V,
173.
"American Beauties," produced
by Southern planters, V, 85.
American Catholicity first
planted in Maryland, X, 537.
American Colonization Society,
founded 1816, IV, 397.
American Common School, New
England origin of, X, 284.
on Dr. John de la Howe's be-
quest, X, 359.
"American Farmer," on Dr. John
de la Howe's bequest, X, 359.
American Federation of Labor,
VI, 38.
"American Husbandry," cited on
profit of slave labor, V, 162.
"Americanisms" by Schele De
Vere, VII, 131.
"American Journal of Mathemat-
ics," founded by Sylvester,
VII, 215.
"American Journal of Classic
Philosophy, The," edited by
Gildersleeve, VII, 140.
American life, continental na-
ture of, X, xxvi.
American merchant marine, V,
368 et seq.
"Golden Period" of, V, 369.
great development, V, 371.
"American Mathematical
Monthly," founded by Fin-
kel, VII, 214.
"American Philosophy, The
Early Schools," by Riley,
VII, 262.
American prima donnas of the
South, VII, 399.
American Tobacco Company,
decision against, VI, 461.
American vessels, British ton-
nage dues on, V, 381.
Ames, General, military head of
Mississippi, II, 434, 439.
Ames, Joseph Sweetman,
scientist, life of, XI, 12.
Amulets and Charms, VII, 59.
"Analytic Geometry," by Nich-
ols, VII, 205.
"Analytic Geometry," Blot's,
translated by Smith, VII,
205.
Ancient Order of United Work-
men, X, 650.
Anderson, George Burgwyn,
soldier, life of, XI, 14.
Anderson, Joseph, soldier, judge
and senator, life of, XI, 13.
Anderson, Richard Clough, sol-
dier, life of, XI, 15.
Anderson, Richard Henry, sol-
dier, life of, XI, 16.
Anderson, Robert H., in the
Civil War, I, 291; II, 52; life
of, XI, 13.
seizes Fort Sumter, II, 81.
Anderson, William A., on the
State Finances of Virginia,
V, 540-543; VI, 528-532.
"Andreas," by Baskervill, VII,
131.
Andrew, James Osgood, bishop,
life of, XI, 18; reference to,
X, 518.
Andrews, Charles M., on The
Influence of British Colonial
Policy upon the South, V, 26
et seq.
Andrews, E. Benjamin, or Re-
construction in South Caro-
lina, II, 100; the educator,
VII, 151.
Andrews, Eliza Frances, author,
life of, XI, 18.
Andrews, Ethan A., Yale, pro-
fessor in North Carolina Uni-
versity, VII, 307.
Andrews, James J., raid of, II,
187.
Anglo-Saxon characteristics in-
herited by the South, X, 622.
first texts of, by Klipstein,
VII, 120.
studies, VII, 119.
Anglo-Saxon Church in Vir-
ginia, debt of America to, X,
452.
Animal industry of the South,
V, 242-257; VI, 135-150.
recuperation of, VI, 136.
Animals, diseases of, remedied
by experiment station work,
VI, 475.
domestic, statistics of, V, 252,
254, 256.
in Indian myths, VII, 63.
10
INDEX.
"Annals of Mathematics,"
founded by Stone, VII, 213.
"Annals of Mathematics," ed-
ited by Thornton, VII, 211.
Annapolis Convention, IV, 110,
111.
Annapolis, Md., founded, I, 166.
public structures in, I, 224.
"Annapolis Gazette," the, I, 173.
"Anne," the, expedition to
America, II, 124.
Anniston, Ala., growth of, II,
313.
Ante-bellum colleges, general
character of, X, 227.
Ante-bellum South, the, char-
acteristics of planters, X,
xviv.
humor of, VII, 72.
Jews take active part in com-
merce, and in art, science and
literature, X, 155.
condition of mass of plain
white people, X, xxiv.
slave-holding planters mould-
ed public opinion, X, xxiv.
social structure of, X, xxiii.
Antietam, battle of, I, 206.
"Antigone," by Humphreys, VII,
148.
Antilles, Southern trade with,
yi, 380.
Anti-bucket shop movement in
the South, X, 576.
Anti-Federalist Party, IV, 340.
Anti-Slavery movement, in Rev-
olutionary Period, IV, 389.
Anti-Slavery Petitions in Con-
gress, IV, 407.
Anti-Slavery sentiment, checked
in the border states, V, 110.
Anti-Slavery Societies, IV, 396.
Anti-trust laws, VI, 460, 461.
"Apostle of the Indians," the, X,
439.
Appalachian homes in general
are squalid log-cabins, X, 40.
inhabitants left behind in on-
ward march of civilization,
X, 39.
mountain people are of a
composite race. X, 40.
mountaineers, X, 39.
mountains, V, 7.
mountains, climate modified
by, VI, 630.
Appalachian mountains, first
road across, V, 344.
mountains, metal-bearing re-
gion, yi, 215.
mountains, Scotch-Irish ele-
ment dominant in, X, 40.
mountains, work for the
children of, X, 41.
natural resources, X, 38.
region, X, xxi.
region, extent of, X, 38.
region, foreigners almost un-
known in, X, 41.
region, hematite ores in, VI,
223.
region, lack of transportation
routes, X, 39.
region, need of teachers,
preachers and home-makers,
X, 41.
region, poverty in, X, 43.
region, social life of, X, 38.
region, social settlement
work in the, X, 616.
states, Southern, gold produc-
tion in, 1799-1908, VI, 217.
"Appeal to Arms, The," speech
by Henry, IX, 171.
Apples, production of, V, 241,
VI, 23.
Appomattox, results of, X, 213.
Apprentice labor in the South,
V, 132; VI, 52.
Apprentices' Library, VII, 495.
Apprentices, number of, in
printing trade, limited, V,
133.
Aquia Creek, Va., government
quarries at, VI, 197.
Arbuthnot, execution of, IX,
205.
Archdale, John, pamphlet on
rice, etc., V, 170.
references to, X, 152, 530.
Archer, Branch T., statesman,
life of, XI, 19.
Archer, John, physician, life of,
XI, 19.
Archer, William S., politician,
life of, XI, 20.
Architectural types perpetuated
in the New World are mod-
ification of European Renais-
sance, X, 689.
INDEX.
11
Architectural types prevailing
in public buildings and
churches, X, 693.
Architecture, church, in the
South, X, 694.
departure from the conven-
tional in, due ty local neces-
sity or cossKg&ience. X, 690.
domestic of English origin,
X, 690.
Elizabethan and Jacobean
types of, X, 688.
English or Anglo-Classic, X,
688.
French and Spanish types of,
in the South, X, 695.
Georgian type of, X, 688, 690,
692.
in the South, X, 687.
necessity of employing wood
in American reproductions of
European prototypes, X,
689.
of the colonial and ante-bel-
lum South, X, 688.
Queen Anne type or, X, 688,
690, 692.
three prevailing types of, in
the South, X, 688.
Arents, Miss., and night school
work in Richmond, X, 636.
Argall, Samuel, drives French
colonies from Mount Desert,
Me., X, 440.
his edicts, V, 130.
his rapacity, V, 90.
"Arithmetic for schools and
Colleges," by Crozet, VII,
201.
"Ark," the, expedition to Amer-
ica, I, 155.
ARKANSAS
admission into Union, III,
285, 293; IV, 417.
admission to Union sought,
111, 219.
at the outbreak of the Civil
War, III, 307.
banking in, V, 470.
boundary question with
Texas, III, 280.
Brooks-Baxter War, III, 327.
campaigns of 1864, III, 314.
carpet-baggers in, III, 322.
Arkansas, Cherokees in, III, 268.
Choctaws in, III, 269.
coal deposits in, V, 293.
coal mining in, VI, 181.
constitution of 1864, III, 316.
constitution of 1868, III, 321.
constitution of 1874, III, 330.
county of, created, III, 274.
created a separate territory,
III, 275.
debt of, in 1865, V, 503.
De Soto in, III, 263.
development of education in
before the War, X, 205.
disasters of 1863, III, 313.
district of, established, III,
273.
duelling in, III, 292.
early boundaries of, III, 276.
early courts in, III, 289.
early discoveries, III, 263.
early economic conditions,
III, 291.
early government of. Ill, 272.
early home life, III, 297.
early immigrants, III, 288.
early land grants, III. 271.
early manner of living in, III,
286.
early politics, II I, 295.
early religion. Ill, 272, 290.
end of Reconstruction rule in,
VI, 484.
end of War in, III, 316.
explored by De Soto, III, 7.
first newspapers, III, 291.
first postoffices, III, 291.
first towns, III, 288.
first schools in, III, 290.
French explorers in, 264.
French grant to John Law in,
V, 57.
French rule in, III, 270.
from 1539 to 1836, III, 263.
from 1836 to 1861, III, 293.
from 1861 to 1909, III, 307.
geological survey conducted
by Branner, VII, 256.
geological survey in, V, 560.
hardships during War, III,
311.
hemp culture in, V, 232, 234.
history of, III. 263.
increase in state debt, III,
323.
12
INDEX.
Arkansas, Indians in, III, 266.
in the Mexican War, III,
299.
in War with Spain, III, 331.
iron ores in, VI, 224.
land reclamation in, VI, 557.
Law's Company in, III, 270.
lead deposits in, V, 288.
list of governors, III, 482.
manganese in, VI, 230.
martial law in, III, 322.
negro ascendancy in, III, 324.
noted men, III, 333.
part of District of Louisiana,
III, 273.
part of territory of Missouri,
III, 274.
part of Trans-Mississippi De-
partment, III, 310.
passes into American control,
III, 273.
pioneer conditions, III, 288.
population, early growth in,
III, 287.
population in 1835, III, 284.
population in 1840, III, 294.
post-bellum conditions in, VI,
483.
premonitions of Civil War,
III, 302.
present-day progress, III, 332.
prosperity after Reconstruc-
tion era, III, 331.
prosperity prior to 1860, III,
302.
public expenditures in, VI, 485.
receives Indians from Florida,
III, 34.
Reconstruction in, III, 319.
registration evils, III, 325.
repudiation in, V, 502; VI, 483.
rice-growing in, VI, 23.
ruinous taxation in, VI, 483.
secession of, III, 304.
Seminole emigration to, from
Florida, III, 26.
share in Louisiana Purchase,
III, 273.
slavery first introduced into,
III, 272.
slavery first a political issue,
III, 275.
Spanish explorers in, III, 263.
Spanish rule in, III, 271.
state debt of, VI, 486.
Arkansas, state finances of, V,
501-504; VI, 483-487.
steps to statehood, III, 284.
territorial government of, III,
281.
test oath in, III, 317.
treaties with Indians, III, 268,
277.
treaty of Fort Gibson, III, 26.
troops in Southern army, III,
307.
wild-cat banking, III, 298; V,
502.
"Arkansas," the, brilliant ex-
ploit of, II, 414.
loss of, III, 138.
"Arkansas Gazette," first news-
paper in state, III, 291, 296.
founded by William Wood-
ruff, VII, 423.
Arkansas Post, capture of, III,
313.
early trade at, III, 291.
French fort built, III, 266.
growth of, III, 270.
turned over to Americans,
III, 273.
Arkwright's "frame" supercedes
spinning jenny, X, 210.
Arlington Long-wools, breed of
sheep disappears, V, 249.
Arlington, Lord, Virginia grant
to, IX, 3.
Arlington Monument, The, in
Arlington National Ceme-
tery, X, 680.
Armada, Invincible, and its
affect upon the Roanoke col-
ony, I, 6.
Armistead, Addison Bowles,
captain, life of, XI, 22.
Armistead, Anthony, captain,
life of, XI, 21.
Armistead, Bowles E., soldier,
life of, XI, 23.
Armistead, Frank Stanley, sol-
dier, life of, XI, 23.
Armistead, George, soldier, life
of, XI, 22.
Armistead, Henry Beauford,
statesman, life of, XI, 22.
Armistead, John, lieutenant-
colonel, life of, XI, 21.
Armistead, John Baylor, cap-
tain, life of, XI, 22.
INDEX.
13
Armistead, Lewis Addison, brig-
adier-general, life of. XI, 23.
Armistead, Lewis Gustavus, sol-
dier, life of, XI, 22
Armistead, Walker Keith, brig-
adier-general, life of, XI, 22.
Armistead, William, colonist,
life of, XI, 21.
Armistead, William, soldier, life
of, XI, 22.
Armistead, Wilson Gary, sol-
dier, life of, XI, 22.
Arms, Confederate supply of, V,
479.
Armstrong, James, naval officer,
life of, XI, 23.
Armstrong, John L., educator,
VII, 127; X, 405.
Armstrong, Robert, soldier and
politician, life of. XI, 24.
Arnold, B. W., his economic
writing, VI. 548.
Arnold, Benedict, proceeds
against Virginia, I, 96.
Arp, Bill, Lecture by Smith, IX,
486, see Smith, Charles H.
Arredondo, Spanish, commander
in Texas, III, 350.
Arrington, Alfred W., preacher,
lawyer and author, life of,
XI, 25.
Articles of Confederation, IV,
89.
amendments to, IV, 96.
Madison's report on, IV, 95.
Toombs on the, IX, 317.
weakness of, IV, 116.
Artistic development, conditions
in South unfavorable to, X,
674.
Artists, Southern born, and
their works, X, 679.
Arts, household, V, 303, 370, 309,
312, 317.
Asbury, Francis, influence as
preacher, IX, 134; X, 460.
portrait, facing, IX, 134.
Ash, white, varied use of, V,
260.
Ashboth, General, in the Civil
War, III, 60.
Ashburton's boundary treaty,
IV, 289.
"Ashby," by Thompson, VII, 21.
Ashes, the, of North Carolina,
XI, 25.
Ashe, John, activities in Revo-
lution, IX, 7; life of, XI, 26.
Ashe, John Baptista, soldier, life
of, XI, 26.
Ashe, S. A., "History of North
Carolina," VII, 100
Ashe, Samuel, lawyer, life of,
XI. 26.
Ashley, Lord, and the South
Carolina colony, II, 9.
Ashley River, settlement on, de-
velopment into present city
of Charleston, X, 100.
"Aspects of the Pine," by
Hayne, VII, 35.
"Assignation," by Poe, VIII, xvi.
Associate Reformed Presbyte-
rians, the, found Erskine Col-
lege, South Carolina, X, 251.
Association for the Preservation
of Virginia Antiquities, X,
640.
Association of Colleges and
Preparatory Schools of the
Southern States, X, 235.
Association of Southern Rail-
roads, organization of, 1856,
IV, 184.
Associations, private, to control
trade or production, V, 573
et seq.
Astor, John J., headed bold en-
terprise, V, 382.
"Astronomy, Spherical and
Practical, A Treatise on," by
Chauvenet, VII, 219.
Asylum for the insane, the first,
inaugurated by Southern
people, X, 598.
"Athelstan," version of, by Gar-
nett, VII, 131.
Athenee Louisianais, the, X,
123.
Athens Pottery Co., the, X, 711.
Atkinson, George W., governor
of West Virginia, I, 396.
Atkinson, Henry, soldier, life
of, XI, 27.
Atkinson, Thomas, bishop, life
of, XI, 28.
Atkinson, W. Y., governor of
Georgia, II, 335.
14
INDEX.
Atlanta, Ga., battle of, II, 209.
bombardment of, II, 209;
capture of, by Sherman, II,
210; destruction of, II, 212.
Cotton States Exposition of
1895, held at, II, 235; VI,
280, 569, 571.
International Cotton Exposi-
tion of 1881 at, II, 230.
made capital of Georgia, II,
223.
meeting of Southern Educa-
tional Association, and ne-
gro education at, X, 420.
origin of, X, 25.
riot, VI, 44.
speech at, by Benjamin H.
Hill, IX, 72.
Atlanta Baptist College, X,
251.
"Atlanta Constitution," II, 232;
VIII, xlix.
Atlanta and Mississippi Rail-
road, development of, IV,
169.
"Atlantic Monthly," on South-
ern writers, VIII, Ivi.
Atlantic Plateau, discovery of
by Maury, VII, 233.
"Atom, Study of the," by Ven-
able, VII, 231.
Atomic weights, first work done
in America, by Mallet, VII,
225
"Attachment," by Daniel, VII,
335.
Attackullakulla, an Indian chief,
saves life x>f Captain Stewart,
X, 161.
Attorneys General, Southern, I,
XXXV.
"At War Times ~at La Rose
Blanche," by Davis, VII, 323.
"Aubert-Dubayet," by Gayerre,
VII, 322.
Audubon, John James, "Birds
of North America," VII, 286.
life of, XI, 28.
naturalist and artist, VII,
248, 325.
observation of prairie chick-
ens and passenger pigeons,
V, 263.
portrait, facing, VII, 248.
Augusta, Ga., captured by Brit-
ish, 1778, IV, 75.
captured by Americans, II,
149; IV, 75.
founded, II, 127.
long the center of cotton pro-
duction, V, 201.
power canal at, V, 325.
trade convention of, 1837, IV,
175.
trade convention of, 1838, IV.
175.
Augusta Academy, progenitor
of Washington and Lee Uni-
versity, X, 223.
"Augusta Chronicle and Ga-
zette, the," printed by John
E. Smith, VII, 419.
"Augusta Mirror," edited by
W. T. Thompson, VII, 75.
"Augusta Sentinel," VIII, xliii.
Augustin, John, journalist and
poet, life of, XI, 30; author
of "War Flowers," VII, 325.
Aury, Louis, surrenders
Amelia Island, X, 125.
Austin College, III, 394; VII,
311.
Austin Dam, its construction
and failure, VII, 563.
Austin, Moses, colonizer, life
of, XI. 30.
establishes a settlement in
Texas, II, 353; IV, 245.
founder of Little Rock, III,
300.
in early Missouri affairs, III,
193.
Austin, S. F., activities in be-
half of Texan independence,
III, 361.
a founder of Little Rock, III,
300.
and the colonization of
Texas, II, 354; V, 65; IV,
246.
in command of Texas troops,
III, 364.
Australian ballot law, the first
adopted in the United
States drafted by a Jew, X,
562.
Avary, Myrta Lockett, editor
and author, life of, XI, 31.
author of "Dixie After the
War," II, 101, 112.
INDEX.
15
Avery, Isaac Erwin, author,
life of, XI, 32.
Awakening, the, of the artistic
temperament, X, 682.
Ayllon, Lucas Vasque de, early
Spanish adventurer, III. 4.
Ayres, Brown, educator, life of,
XI, 32; X, 353.
B
"Bacon and Greens," by Bagby,
VII, 84.
Bacon College, afterward Ken-
tucky University, founded
by the Christians or Dis-
ciples, X, 251.
Bacon, Julia, author, life of,
XI, 33.
Bacon, Nathaniel, colonial sol-
dier, life of, XI, 33.
rebellion in Virginia, I, 29; IV,
25, 26; VII, 2; IX, 4, 89; X,
444.
Bacon, Thomas, establishes a
charity school in Talbott Co.,
Md., X, 187.
Bachman, John, preacher, na-
turalist and author, life of,
XI, 32.
Bacteria, nitrogen gathering, in-
oculation of soil with, VI,
475.
Bagby, George William, physi-
cian and ' humorist, life of,
XI, 35.
editor of "Southern Literary
Messenger, The," VII, 84.
"Bacon and Greens," VII, 84.
"Jud Brownin's account of
Rubinstein's Playing," VII,
84.
"Meekin's Twinses," VII, 84.
"My Uncle Flatback's Plan-
tation," VII, 84.
"True Virginian, The," VII,
84.
"What I did With My Fifty
Millions," VII, 84.
writings of, VII, 84.
Bailey, J. R., scientist, VII,
228.
Bailey, Joseph Weldon, lawyer
and politician, life of, XI, 36.
Bailey, R. W., New England
president of Austin College,
VII, 311.
Bain, Charles Wesley, educator,
VII, 142, 158.
estimate of McCabe, VII, 166.
estimate of Peters, VII, 143.
on "Classic Literature" in
Encyclopaedia Americana,
VII, 159.
tribute to Wheeler, VII, 146.
Bain, Samuel McCutchen, on
the South's Contribution to
Natural History, VII, 238.
Baird, Dr. Robert, and his "Re-
ligion of America," X, 509.
Baker, Daniel, influence as a
preacher, IX 139.
Baker, Page M., soldier and
editor, life of, XI, 36.
Bakeries, town regulation of, V,
477.
Bakewell, Robert, his famous
sheep, V, 249.
Balch, Hezekiah, a Presbyterian
minister, X, 224.
"Balcony Stories," by King, ex-
tract from, VIII, 426.
Baldwin, Abraham, father of
University of Georgia, VII,
299.
Georgia delegate to the con-
stitutional convention, II,
151.
Baldwin, James Mark, psy-
chologist, life of, XI, 37;
list of writings, VII, 268.
Baldwin, Joseph Glover, jurist
and humorist, life of, XI, 38.
literary career of, VIII, xlvi.
"Flush Times in Alabama and
Mississippi," VII, 73, 79,
189; extract from, VIII, 202.
"Virginians in a New Coun-
try," VIII, 202.
Baldwin, William H., and the
Southern Education Board,
X, 391.
16
INDEX.
Ball, Caroline A. Rutledge, au-
thor, life of, XI, 38.
"Ballad of the Trees and the
Master," by Lanier, VII, 49.
Ballads, English, survival of
among mountaineers, VII,
58.
Ballagh, James Curtis, educa-
tor and historian, life of, XI,
39.
his work in economics, VI,
547.
on Characteristic Methods of
Southern Agricultural Pro-
duction, V, 152 et seq.
on Servitude in the Ante-
bellum South, V, 94 et seq.
on the Development of
Labor Systems in the Colo-
nial South, V, 86 et seq.
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad,
crisis in affairs of, I, 220.
development of, IV, 165.
first railroad charter granted
in the United States given to,
V, 521.
Baltimore, Md., action of Typo-
graphical Society at, V, 144.
and the Roman Catholic
Church, X, 456.
attack upon city by British,
I, 193.
center of library activities,
VII, 509.
corporate surety business in,
VI, 435.
exports and imports of, in
1908, VI, 366.
fire of 1873, I, 218; fire of
1904, I, 225.
first Roman Catholic Pro-
vincial Council held in, X,
537.
founding of, I, 171.
Journeymen Cordwainers So-
ciety of, V, 145.
Pratt circulating library es-
tablished in, I, 232.
public structures in, I, 220.
representation in Maryland
legislature, I, 215.
riot, the, at outbreak of Civil
War, I, 203.
rise in industrial importance,
I, 195.
Baltimore, Md., seat of cotton
manufactures, V, 328.
silver coins issued in, V,
443.
street railways in, V, 378.
"The American Farmer,"
founded in, V, 82.
the "Monumental City" of
America, X, 85.
"Baltimore Manufacturers' Rec-
ord," VII, 435.
Baltimore, Lord, a Catholic,
first practices religious tol-
eration in government, X,
551.
a Catholic, holds charter
from a Protestant king, X,
448.
adopts servitude for Mary-
land, V, 101.
granted a charter to Mary-
land, I, 24, 150; IV, 5.
portrait of, facing, I, 150.
proprietary rights recognized,
IV, 9.
sends settlers to Maryland, V,
15.
(See also Calvert.)
"Bamboula," by Gottschalk,
VII, 390.
Bancroft, George, on the re-
sourcefulness of South Caro-
lina, II, 110.
on the spirit of toleration in
17th century, Virginia, X, 448.
"Banjo," by Gottschalk, VII,
390.
Bankhead, James, soldier, life of,
XI, 39.
Bankhead, John Pyne, naval
officer, life of, XI, 40.
Bank deposits, guarantee of, VI,
432, 464.
Bank, first, of the United States,
V, 447.
issues, state, tax on, V, 451.
notes, redemption of, V, 449.
Banking and commercial credit,
effect of, V, 127.
capital in the United States
in 1860, V, 473.
chartered, VI, 427.
currency best supplied by, VI,
418.
in South Carolina, II, 59.
INDEX.
Banking in the South, V, 461 et
seq.; VI, 426 et seq.; X, 655.
paper money, F. A. Walker
on, V, 449, 451.
system, inception of present,
IV, 364.
system, national, serious prob-
lem of the, VI, 419.
Southern capital in, V, 473.
Southern development of, VI,
431.
state regulation of, VI, 544.
Banks, condition of, I, 1.
country, increase of, VI, 98.
early, in the South, V, 461.
in the South, table of, V, 462.
national, established in the
South, VI, 426 et seq.
private, in the South, V, 447;
VI, 427, 429.
property, failure of, V, 472.
required reserve of, VI, 430.
state, in the South, V, 448;
VI, 426 et seq.
state, regulation of loans by,
VI, 431.
state, statutes governing, VI,
429.
state, tax on, VI, 415.
supervision of, VI, 430, 464.
Bank of the United States, de-
stroyed by President Jack-
son, V, 451.
Banks, Enoch Marvin, on the
Finances of Florida, V,
504-507; VI, 487-489.
Banks, Nathaniel P., in the
Civil War, III, 138.
military operations in Texas,
III, 412.
raid of, V, 150.
Banks, Withams, in Georgia,
VI, 428.
Bannister, John, "Catalogues
Plantarum in Virginia Obser-
vatarum," VII, 242.
Baptism of Children, supersti-
tion regarding, VII, 57.
Baptist Church, the, in Amer-
ica, X, 458.
Baptist opposition to theological
seminaries, X, 316.
Baptists, contributions of, to
American religious forces,
X, 459.
first exponents of pulpit ora-
tory in South, IX, 128.
found schools for the colored
race, X, 251.
in Arkansas, III, 290.
influence upon Southern
states, IX, 129.
in South Carolina, II, 21.
in Virginia, X, 474.
in Virginia petition for open
pulpit, I, 86.
of the South, X, 432.
Baptist University (Raleigh),
X, 254.
Barbadoes, England's wealth
from, V, 401.
labor conditions in, V, 400.
slavery's first foothold gained
in, V, 400.
Barbe, Waitman, poet and edu-
cator, life of, XI, 41.
Barbee, William Randolph,
sculptor, life of, XI, 41; ref-
erence to, X, 686.
Barber, Dr., on Southern pot-
tery, X, 702, 707.
Barbour, James, statesman, life
of, XI, 42.
governor of Virginia, I, 353.
position in national affairs,
IX, 34.
Barbour, Philip Pendleton,
jurist and statesman, life of,
XI, 43.
portrait of, facing, VI, 42.
Barker, Eugene C., on Texas as
a republic, III, 359.
Barksdale, Ethelbert, editor of
"The Mississippian," VII,
481.
Barksdale, William, editor, life
of, XI, 44.
Barley, not important in the
South, VI, 116.
Barlow, Arthur, and the Roa-
noke colony, I, 3.
Barnard, Edward Emerson, as-
tronomer, life of, XI, 45;
reference to, VII, 217.
Barnard, Frederick Augustus
Porter, educator, life of, XI,
45.
18
INDEX.
Barnard, Frederick Augustus
Porter, activities in the uni-
versities of Alabama and
Mississippi, X, 221; VII, 207,
309.
Barnes, Anna Maria, X, 637.
Barnett, George E., economic
writings, VI, 548.
on economic statistics in the
South, V, 563; VI, 542-545.
on early Labor Organizations
in the South, V, 144-146.
on Labor Organization in the
South, VI, 36 et seq.
on the State Finance of North
Carolina, V, 529, 532; VI,
507-511.
Barnett, S. J., scientist, VII,
236.
Barnwell, Robert Woodward,
bishop, life of, XI, 47.
Barnwell, Robert Woodward,
legislator, life of, XI, 46;
senator, II, 8.
Barr, Amelia Edith Huddleston,
novelist, life of, XI, 47.
Barrett, Charles S., on Farmers'
Union, IX, 83.
Barrick, James Russell, editor
and author, life of, XI, 47.
Barringer, Paul Brandon, phys-
ician and educator, life of,
XI, 48.
Barren, James, naval officer, life
of, XI, 51.
Barron, James, soldier, life of,
XI, 49.
Barron, Samuel, naval officer,
life of, XI, 50.
Barry, William Sullivan, poli-
tician, life of, XI, 52.
Barry, William Taylor, states-
man and lawyer, life of, XI,
53.
Barter, in the South during the
Civil War, V, 456.
Bartlem, Staffordshire potter in
South Carolina, failure of,
X, 699.
Bartlett, Napier, journalist, life
of, XI, 54.
Barton, David, draws up Mis-
souri constitution, III, 213.
senator from Missouri, III,
Barton, Samuel Marx, on
South's contribution to
Mathematics and Astronomy,
VII, 200.
Bartram, John, naturalist, VII,
213.
Bartram, Moses, botanist, VII,
243.
Bartram, William, "Travels
through North and South
Carolina," VII, 243.
Barytes, Southern production
of, VI, 244.
Bascom, Henry B., influence as
a preacher, IX, 146; X, 518.
Baskerville, Charles, scientist,
VII, 228.
Baskerville, William Malone,
educator, life of, XI, 54.
"Andreas," VII, 131.
influence as educator, VII,
127.
"Southern Writers," VII, 71.
Basket-making, revival of in so-
cial settlement work, X, 619.
Baskett, James Newton, scient-
ist, author, life of, XI, 55.
Bassett, John S., economic
writer, VI, 548, 648.
Bate, William Brimage, soldier
and politician, life of, XI,
55.
governor of Tennessee, II,
543.
memorial address upon, by
Carmack, IX, 79.
Bath, S. C., pottery made and
sold as "Native pottery made
in Africa," X, 701.
Baton Rouge, La., captured by
Farragut, III, 138.
early days of, II, 354.
English settlement at, III, 94.
site of Louisiana State Uni-
versity, X, 229.
"Baton Rouge, La Prise du
Morne du," by Poydras, VII,
315.
Battey, Robert, surgeon and
gynecologist, life of, XI,
56; reference to, VII, 365.
Battle, Austin, educator, VII,
154.
Battle, Kemp Plummer, histo-
rian and educator, life of, XI,
57.
INDEX.
19
Battle, William Horn, jurist,
life of, XI, 58.
Battle, William James, educa-
tor, life of, XI, 59; reference
to, VII, 150.
Battlefields of Virginia, I, 122.
"Battle- Ground, The," by Glas-
gow, extract from, VIII, 359.
Battle of Bull Run, IV, 510.
Battle of Gettysburg, IV, 516.
Battle of Palo Alto, 1846, IV,
311.
"Battles and Campaigns of the
Civil War," VII, 110.
Batts, Thomas, discovery of
Kentucky by, I, 237.
explores West Virginia, I,
335.
Bauxites, Southern production
of, VI, 236.
Baxter, Elisha, see Brooks-Bax-
ter War.
Baylor, Frances Courtenay, au-
thor, life of, XI, 59.
Baylor, Robert Emmet Bled-<
soe, lawyer, life of, XI, 59.
Baylor University, III, 394.
Baynham, William, surgeon and
anatomist, life of, XI, 60.
reference to, VII, 361.
Beall, John Yeats, soldier and
sailor, life of, XI, 61.
Beans, production of, V, 239.
Beasley, Frederick, "Search of
Truth" and other writings,
VII, 264.
Beaufort, S. C., pillage of, II, 83.
"Beaufort," the, entertainment
by the captain, off Hobbes
Hole, X, 70.
Beaumarchais induces French
government to furnish sup-
plies to Continental Con-
gress, IV, 102.
Beauregard, Pierre Gustave
Toutant, soldier, life of, XI,
62.
a Creole of Louisiana, X,
121.
bombards Fort Sumter, II, 82.
military operations in Tennes-
see, II, 514.
portrait, facing, XI, 62.
Beaurepaire, Quesnay de, pro-
ject of an American Acad-
emy, X, 51.
Beckwith, John Watrus, bishop,
life of, XI, 63.
influences as a preacher, IX,
143.
Bee, Bernard E., soldier, life of,
XI, 64.
Bee, Bernard E., gives "Stone-
wall" Jackson his name, II,
87.
Bee, Hamilton P., soldier, life
of, XI, 64.
Bee culture, spread of, VI, 23.
Bee-keeping, statistics of, want-
ing, V, 251.
where carried on in the South,
VI, 149.
Beech, varied use of, V, 260.
"Beechenbrook," by Preston,
VII, 27.
Beeks, Gertrude, on mill con-
ditions, X, 592.
Beer, William, librarian, life
of, XI, 65.
Beginning of Feuds, VII, 58.
Beginning of Higher Educa-
tion in the South, X, 237.
Behan, William J., soldier, life
of, XI, 66.
Belgium, nationalization of, X,
210.
Bell, John, statesman, life of,
XI, 66.
nominated for President, II,
504.
political career of, II, 492;
IX, 48.
"Belles-Lettres," by Pinckney,
VII, 14.
"Belles of Williamsburg, The,"
by Tucker, VIII, 5.
Belligerency, recognition of,
IV, 526.
Belo, A. H., editor of "Galves-
ton News," VII, 482.
founder of "Dallas News,"
VII, 482.
Bemiss, Samuel Merrifield,
physician, life of, XI, 68.
Benavides, Santos, in the Civil
War, III, 414.
"Bench and Bar," by Bigelow,
quoted, IX, 121.
"Bench and Bar, influence of,
upon Southern culture," by
Caldwell, J. W., VII, 340.
20
INDEX.
"Bench and Bar, influence of,
upon Southern Life," VII,
340.
"Bench and Bar of the South-
west," by Foote, quoted,
IX, 119.
Bench and bar, oratory of the
Southern, IX, 103.
Benevolence, organized in the
South, X, 435.
Benevolent and Protective Or-
der of the Elks, X, 648.
Benjamin, Judah Philip, lawyer,
life of, XI, 68.
and the Confederate cause, X,
554.
a typical statesman, X, 34, 35.
defends Henry, X, 155.
eminence as lawyer, III, 181;
IX, 56.
oratorical style, IX, 56.
scheme for European inter-
vention, 'IV, 540.
services to the Confederacy,
X, 156.
"The brains of the Confed-
eracy," X, 555.
writings on court decisions.
VII, 333.
"Treatise on the Law of
Sale of Personal Property,
VII, 333.
"Benjamin, Judah P., Life of,"
by Butler, VII, 323.
Benjamin, William Augustus,
journalist, life of, XI, 71.
Bennett, John, author, life of,
XI, 71.
Bennett, Richard, elected gov-
ernor of Virginia, IV, 24.
Bennett, the Edwin, Pottery
Co., at Baltimore, X, 699, 702.
Benson, Blackwood Ketcham,
author, life of, XI, 71.
Benton, Thomas Hart, states-
man, life of, XI, 72.
career of, III, 207, 212, 226,
231; IX, 44.
fight against the national
bank project, IX, 101.
on inflated currency, V, 448.
on political questions, V, 71.
portrait, facing, III, 226.
rivalry with Calhoun, IX, 44.
rural Western type of South-
ern origin, VII, 275.
Benton, Thomas Hart, style of
oratory, IX, 45.
typical of American elo-
quence, IX, 36.
views upon Indian treaties,
III, 279.
"Thirty Years' View," VII,
106.
"Beowulf," translation of by
Garnett, VII, 121.
translated by Hall, VII, 131.
Berea College, Kentucky, X,
255; VII, 538.
"Berenice," by Poe, VIII, xix.
Beresford, Richard, bequest by,
X, 189.
Berg, Kate, work on pottery, X,
702.
Berkeley, Sir William, colonial
governor, life of, XI, 74.
appointed governor of Vir-
ginia, I, 26; IV, 23; IX, 2.
and Cromwell's fleet, X, 444.
first brought rice to Virginia,
V, 169.
iron rule of, IV, 25.
promised hemp and flax to
England, V, 230.
on religious instruction in
Virginia, X, 97.
governor of Virginia, I, 32.
speech against popular educa-
tion, IX, 1.
Berlin decrees, American com-
merce and shipping dam-
aged by, V, 383.
Bermuda grass, most extensive
Southern pasture crop, VI,
119.
Bermuda Islands annexed to the
Virginia colony, I, 16.
Berrien, John MacPherson,
statesman, life of, XI, 76.
career of, IX, 48.
Berry, Martha, X, 642.
Bertrand, Charles P., early Ar-
kansas editor, III, 291.
Bessemer, Ala., town of, found-
ed, VI, 272.
Bethel, Va., first battle of the
Civil War, I, 487.
Presbyterian convention at,
X, 480.
Bethel College, speech of
Browder at, IX, 441.
INDEX.
21
Bethesda Academy, Georgia, de-
stroyed by hurricane and fire,
X, 203.
Bethesda, Ga., Orphan House
established at, by Rev.
George Whitefield, X, 189.
Betterment Acts, the, VI, 35.
Bettina, Texas, founded by
Germans, X, 147.
Beverley, Robert, historian, life
of, XI, 77.
Southern historical writings,
VII, 91.
"Virginian," VII, 94.
Bibb, William Wyatt, governor,
life of, XI, 78.
first state governor of Ala-
bama, II, 273.
Bible readers in mountain set-
tlement work, X, 620.
Bienville, Jean Baptiste Le
Moyne, Sieur de, explorer,
life of, XI, 79.
aids to settle Louisiana, III,
86; first governor of, III, 88.
Black Code, III, 272.
captures Pensacola, III, 14.
operations against Indians, II,
345; portrait, facing, III, 88.
"Bienville, Life of," by King,
VII, 323.
Billeting Act nullified, IV, 57.
Bigby, Mary C. Dougherty,
poet, life of, XI, 80.
"Big Bear in Arkansas, The,"
by Thorpe, VII, 81.
Bigelow, L. J., describes Da-
viess' appearance in the Su-
preme Court, IX, 121.
Bigney, Mark F., editor and
poet, life of, XI, 80.
"Bill Arp So-Called," by Smith,
VII, 85.
"Bill Arp's Letters," by Smith,
VII, 86.
"Bill Arp's Scrapbook," by
Smith, VII, 86.
Bill of Rights, English and
Virginian documents com-
pared, X, 448; IX, 249.
North Carolina adopts, 1776,
IV, 72.
passed by Virginia, 1788, I,
89; IV, 133.
Virginia adopts, 1777, IV, 72.
Biloxi, Miss., founded, II, 343;
III, 87, 266.
art pottery, X, 707.
epidemic among immigrants
at, X, 143.
Biltmore Estate, botanical col-
lections, VII, 256.
Bimetallism, maintenance of,
IV, 359.
Binder twine, hemp demanded
for, VI, 126.
Bingham, E. C., scientist, VII,
228.
Bingham, Robert, soldier, life
of, XI, 80; reference to,
VII, 169.
Bingham, William, educator,
life of, XI, 81; references
to, VII, 15, 169.
Bingham, William, (2), educa-
tor, VII, 169.
Bingham, William J., VII,
169.
Bingham Academy, VII,, 169.
Birds, game, protection of, V,
266; VI, 173.
non-game, protection of, VI,
173.
"Birds of North America," by
Audubon, VII, 286.
Birmingham, Ala., a product of
the New South, X, 24.
important iron center, VI,
178, 273.
rank as a shipping point for
iron, VI, 277.
rapid growth of, II, 312.
"Pittsburg of the South," VI,
478.
Birmingham Medical College,
X, 308.
Birney, James Gillespie, politi-
cian, life of, XI, 82.
in Alabama politics, II, 282.
Bishop, C. E., educator, VII,
153.
Bisset, Robert, on profit of
Barbadoes industry, V, 401.
"Bivouac of the Dead, The,"
by O'Hara, VII, 19, 29.
Black, James A., X, 360.
"Black and White," by Fortune,
VII, 535.
Blackbeard the pirate, I, 436.
Black Belt, the, crops in, V,
147.
22
INDEX.
Black Belt, the, decline of, after
emancipation, VI, 13.
decline of property values in,
VI, 391.
farms merged into, V, 107.
formation of, V, 107.
getting blacker, VI, 15.
in Alabama, II, 307, 313.
in Mississippi, II, 333.
in the Civil War, VI, 3.
most fertile region of the
South, V, 147.
rapid settlement of, X, 111.
slavery chiefly concentrated
in, V, 116.
slaves most productive work-
ers in, V, 147.
small holdings in, V, 114.
wealth of the South in, V,
147.
white women and boys work
in place of soldiers in, V,
148.
Blackburn, Joseph Clay Styles,
lawyer and senator, life of,
XI, 83.
Blackburn, George, educator,
VII, 206.
Black Code, of Alabama, II, 299.
"Black Codes," the, execution of
suspended by Freedmen's
Bureau, VI, 5. _
Blackstocks, N. C., Americans
defeat British at, in 1780, IV,
80.
Blackstone's Commentaries, by
Tucker, VII, 328.
Blackwell, Emory Robert, edu-
cator, VII, 127.
Blair, Andrew Alexander, chem-
ist, life of, XI, 84; reference
to, VII, 228.
Blair, Francis Preston, Sr.,
journalist, life of, XI, 85.
Blair, Francis Preston, Jr.,
soldier and senator, life of,
XI, 85.
in Missouri politics, III, 231,
234; VII, 474; portrait, fac-
ing, III, 234.
Blair, James, clergyman and
educator, life of, XI, 86.
and William and Mary Col-
lege, X, 191.
Blair, John, jurist and states-
man, life of, XI, 87; refer-
ence to, X, 647.
Blair, Montgomery, statesman,
life of, XI, 88.
Blair, Richard, statesman, life
of, XI, 89.
Blair, Walter, "On the Pronun-
ciation of Latin," VII, 154.
Blake, John Bradley, first culti-
vated upland rice in South
Carolina, V, 170.
Blakely, Ala., founded, II, 269.
Bland, Theodorick, soldier, life
of, XI, 90; reference to, X,
557.
Bland Act of 1877, authorizing
free and unlimited coinage of
silver, IV, 359.
Blatterman, George, educator,
VII, 120; X, 55.
Bledsoe, Albert Taylor, educa-
tor and author, life of, XI,
91.
"An Essay on Liberty and
Slavery," VII, 185.
economic teaching, VI, 546.
educator, VII, 205; X, 519.
leaves Protestant Episcopal
ministry and enters law; X,
520; becomes professor of
mathematics, and is appoint-
ed assistant Secretary of
War by President Jefferson
Davis, X, 520.
Bledsoe, Anthony, soldier, life
of, XI, 91.
Bledsoe, Jesse, jurist and states-
man, life of, XI, 92.
Blennerhassett, Wirt upon Burr
and, IX, 386.
Blind, the deaf, and the dumb,
the, institutions for, in the
South, X, 601.
Blockade of Southern ports,
the, IV, 527.
fatal effect upon Southern
war economics, V, 669.
forces Southerners to develop
industries, V, 148.
fruitless effort to break, V,
391.
partial breaking of, V, 673.
runners, destruction of, VI, 2.
Southern efforts to raise, IV,
536.
INDEX.
Bloody Marsh, battle of, II, 130;
X, 132.
"Bloody shirt" eliminated from
politics, IX, 93.
Blount, James H., lawyer and
statesman, life of, XI, 93.
Blount, William, public official,
life of, XI, 94.
first territorial governor of
Tennessee, II, 477.
Blount College, Tenn., founded,
II, 479.
chartered, X, 241; merged
with East Tennessee College,
X, 242.
named after Governor Blount,
X, 225.
Blow, Susan, in charge of first
public kindergarten, X, 381.
Bloxham, William D., governor
of Florida, III, 70, 72.
Bluefish, on Virginia and North
Carolina coasts, V, 270.
Bluegrass, Southern hay crop,
VI, 119.
Bluegrass region, development
of, V, 229.
hemp industry in, V, 232.
Board of Trade, power of in
colonies, IV, 36.
Boards and commissions of ag-
riculture, VI, 467.
Bocock, Thomas Salem, lawyer
and politician, life of, XI, 95.
estimate of by Bain, VII, 158.
tribute to Wheeler, VII, 146.
Bocock, W. H., educator, VII,
142, 157.
Boggs, William Robertson,
soldier, educator and archi-
tect, life of, XI, 95.
Bogle, James, artist, life of, XI,
96.
Bohannon, R. D., writer on
mathematics, VII, 211.
Bohlen Lectures, the, X, 526.
Boll-weevil, the, V, 677; VI,
100.
defenses against, VI, 101.
negro ability to combat, VI,
102.
ravages of, VI, 25.
Bond, Hugh Lenox, jurist, life
of, XI, 96.
Bond, Thomas Emerson, jour-
nalist, life of, XI, 97.
Bond, Thomas Emerson, Jr.,
journalist, life of, XI, 98.
Bonding companies, VI, 433 et
seq.
business of, in the South, VI,
434-437.
Bonds, Confederate, V, 494.
Boner, John Henry, poet, life
of, XI, 98.
"Poe's Cottage at Fordham,"
VII, 52.
Bones, ground, first used as fer-
tilizer, V, 82.
Bonham, Milledge Luke, soldier,
life of, XI, 99.
Bonner, Sherwood (Katherine
Sherwood Bonner Mc-
Dowell), author, life of, XI,
100.
Bonnet, Captain, the pirate, I,
436; IV, 38.
"Bonnie Blue Flag," VII, 69.
circumstances of writing, II,
409.
Bonnycastle, Charles, "Induc-
tive Geometry," VII, 204.
Books, agricultural, V, 81.
presented to Virginia Com-
pany, VII, 484.
quality of, in libraries of
South, VII, 486.
Boone, Daniel, pioneer, life of,
XI, 100.
emigrates from Kentucky to
Missouri, III, 193.
establishes the Wilderness
Road in Virginia, V, 345.
in Tennessee, II, 465.
identified with Kentucky, I,
242; portrait, facing, I, 242.
Boone, Nathaniel, heads immi-
grants to Western territory,
IV, 106.
Boone, Thomas, dispute with
people of South Carolina,
II, 26.
Boonesborough, Kentucky, set-
tlement at, I, 244.
Borden, Gail, Jr., editor, scient-
ist, and inventor, life of ; XI,
102.
publisher of "Texas Tele-
graph," VII, 471.
Border states, decline of slavery
in the, V, 118.
INDEX.
Border States, prolongation of
slavery in, V, 208.
Boreman, Arthur T., first gov-
ernor of West Virginia, I,
384, 386.
Borland, Solon, soldier and dip-
lomat, life of, XI, 103.
Bosomworth, Thomas, and his
wife, incite Indian troubles
in Georgia, II, 133.
Bossu, on the Louisiana Cre-
oles, X, 121.
"Boston Gazette," IX, 21.
Boston Port Bill, Virginia's op-
position to, I, 76.
Botetourt, Lord, governor of
Virginia in 1769, IV, 54.
dissolves Virginia Burgesses,
IV, 57.
Hayward's statue of, X, 682.
wins good will of Virginia as-
sembly, IV, 55.
Botts, John Minor, politician,
life of, XI, 104.
Boucher, John Henry, com-
mands Potomac fleet, I, 98.
Bouligny, Dominique, senator
and soldier, life of, XI, 105.
Bouligny, Don Francisco, sol-
dier, life of, _XI, 105.
on the Louisiana Creoles, X,
122.
Bouligny, John Edward, legis-
lator and jurist, life of, XI,
105.
Boundary Controversies, IV,
156.
Boundaries, causes of interstate
controversies, IV, 136.
Water and Riparian Rights,
IV, 151.
Bounties, granted by British
authorities to Southern
planters, V, 27, 28.
Bourgmont, establishes Fort
Orleans on the Missouri, III,
184.
Bourne, George, writings of, on
slavery, IV, 397.
Bow ware, X, 698.
Bowen School, VII, 172.
Bowie, James, killed at the
Alamo, III, 364.
Bowlegs, Billy, the Seminole
chief, III, 40.
Bowles, William Augustus,
Creek leader, IV, 429.
Boyce, James Petigru, clergy-
man, life of, XI, 105; refer-
ence to, X, 515.
Boyd, David French, soldier
and educator, life of, XI, 106.
Boyd, Linn, statesman, life of,
XI, 108.
Boyd, Thomas Duckett, educa-
tor, life of, XI, 109.
Boyd, William Kenneth, on In-
terstate Controversies, IV,
135.
on North Carolina, 1775-1861,
I, 462.
Boyle, Virginia Frazer, author,
life of, XI, 109; reference to,
X, 637.
Boxley, George, organizes slave
revolt, 1816, IV, 235.
Brackenridge, Henry Marie,
jurist, life of, XI, 110.
Brackenridge, Hugh Henry,
jurist and author, life of, XI,
111.
Brackett, R. W., chemist, VII,
228.
Braddock, Edward, defeat of, by
French and Indians, I, 42;
IV, 41.
saved by Indian scouts, X,
161.
Bradford, James, founder of the
"Kentucky Gazette," VII,
421.
Bradford, John, publisher of
"Kentucky Gazette," VII,
470.
publisher of "The Guardian of
Freedom," VII, 422.
Bragg, Braxton, soldier, life of,
XI 112.
at the Battle of Chickamauga,
II, 192.
in the Civil War, III, 52.
military operations in Tennes-
see, II, 515; portrait, facing,
II, 94.
Bragg, Thomas, Confederate at-
torney-general, life of, XI,
113.
Brainard, Cephas, and his
motto for the Y. M. C. A.,
X, 484.
INDEX.
25
Branch, John, statesman, life of,
XI, 113.
last territorial governor of
Georgia, III, 37.
Branch, L. O. B., in the Civil
War, I, 490.
Brandon, Gerard C., governor of
Mississippi, II, 38.
urges revision of Mississippi
revenue laws, V, 524.
Branham and Hughes School,
VII, 171.
Brannan, John Milton, soldier,
life of, XI, 114.
Bray, Thomas, founder of first
public library in country,
VII, 490, 491.
presents Bath, N. C., with
public library, X, 190.
Braxton, Carter, signer of the
Declaration of Independence,
life of, XI, 115.
educated at William and
Mary, X; 239.
residence of, facing, XI, 114.
Breckenridge, Clifton Rhodes,
politician, life of, XI, 115.
Breckenridge, John, lawyer and
statesman, life of, XI, 116.
share in the Kentucky Resolu-
tions, I, 271.
Breckenridge, John, clergyman
and educator, life of, XI,
117.
Breckenridge, John Cabell,
Vice-President of United
States, XI, 118.
career of, IX, 64.
in the Civil War, III, 138.
in Mexican War, I, 286; por-
trait of, facing, I, 286.
oratorical style, IX, 65.
speech on "The Buford Case,"
IX, 396.
Breckenridge, Joseph Cabell,
Federal soldier, life of, XI,
119.
professor in Transylvania
University, X, 332.
Breckenridge, William C. P.,
speech "Who Were the Con-
federate Dead," IX, 418.
Brent, Joseph Lancaster, soldier
and politician, life of, XI,
119.
Brent, Richard, politician, life
of, XI, 120.
Brevard, Ephraim, author of the
"Mecklenburg Declaration of
Independence," VII, 358.
Brice's Cross-Roads, battle of,
II, 421.
Brick, first American, burned in
Virginia, X, 698.
manufacture of, V, 306.
paying, first use of, VI, 210.
prices for, fixed by law, V,
477.
production of, since 1865, VI,
209.
Bridgman, Frederick Arthur,
artist, author and musician,
life of, XI, 120; reference
to, X, 679.
Bridgewater College, Virginia,
X, 251.
pBrier Creek, Ga., defeat of
American forces at, in 1779,
IV, 75.
Bright, James W., educator,
VII, 132.
Bright, Senator, Johnson on the
expulsion of, IX, 345.
Brinton, "Florida," VII, 101.
Brinton, Miss, and her pottery
decorations, X, 702.
Brisbane, Abbott Hall, soldier
and engineer, life of, XI, 121.
British colonial policy, its har-
mony with Southern condi-
tions, V, 27.
British methods of colonization,
II, 256.
British West Florida, II, 255,
347.
British West Indies closed to
American traders, V, 381.
Broaddus, Andrew, clergyman,
life of, XI, 121.
Broadhead, Garland Carr, geol-
ogist, life of, XI, 122.
Broadus, John Albert, clergy-
man and educator, life of,
XI, 122.
influence as a preacher, IX,
150; X, 495, 498, 515.
an eloquent preacher, IX, 68.
Brock, H. I., on the negro,
VII, 522.
INDEX.
Brock, H. I., on the South's
contributions to Culture of
North, VII, 267.
Brock, R. A., Secretary of
Southern Historical Society,
VII, 516.
Brock, Sarah A., author, life of,
XI, 123.
Brockenborough, William,
jurist, life of, XI, 124.
Brockenborough, William
Henry, politician, life of,
XI, 124.
Brockenbrough, John W., opens
law and school at Lexing-
ton, Va., X, 338.
Brogden, Curtis H., governor of
North Carolina, I, 506.
Brokers, Wall Street, their rail-
road dealings in the South,
VI, 307.
Brooks, Preston Smith, lawyer,
life of, XI, 124.
encounter with Senator Sum-
ner, II, 72.
Brooks, Samuel Palmer, educa-
tor, life of, XI, 125.
on Texas in the Federal
Union, III, 382.
Brooks-Baxter War, the, III,
327.
Brookland School, VII, 167.
Broom corn, cultivation of, V,
240.
Broome, Joseph E., governor
of Florida, III, 42.
"Brother Rabbit and the Lit-
tle Girls," by Harris, VIII,
238.
"Brother Wolf Says Grace," by
Harris, VIII, 232.
"Brother's War, The," by Reed,
VII, 188.
Brough, Charles Hillman, on
the state finances of Ar-
kansas, V, 501-504; VI, 483-
487.
Brougham, Lord, aids Gilmer
in chosing faculty of Uni-
versity of Virginia, X, 55.
Broun, William Le Roy, edu-
cator, life of, XI, 125; refer-
ence to, X, 352.
Broun and Tebbs School, VII,
168.
B reward, Napoleon B., gov-
ernor of Florida, III, 74.
Browder, Wilbur F., speech,
"Happy is the Nation Whose
Kings are Philosophers, and
Whose Philosophers are
Kings," IX, 441.
Brown, Aaron Vail, Postmaster-
General of United States,
governor of Tennessee, life
of, XI, 126.
Brown, Albert Gallatin, soldier
and statesman, life of, XI,
127.
governor of Mississippi, II, 389.
on Southern labor system, V,
573.
Brown, Alexander, on the germ
of popular government, X,
441.
Brown, Charles, library of, VII,
487.
Brown, Jacob, made major-gen-
eral in 1814, IV, 266.
Brown, James, appointed pro-
fessor of law and politics in
Transylvania University, X,
331.
Brown, John, raid of, at Har-
per's Ferry, I, 202, 363; IX,
324.
Brown, John, of Rockbridge
Co., Va., X, 326.
Brown, John Calvin, soldier
and politician, life of, XI, 127.
Brown, Joseph Emerson*
statesman, life of, XI, 128.
arrested and paroled, II, 218.
governor of Georgia, II, 170,
240.
Brown, Joseph Ladd, "Poems
by Arouet," VII, 5.
Brown, Neil S., governor of
Tennessee, life of, XI, 130.
Brown, Samuel, physician, life
of, XI, 130.
Brown, Thomas, governor of
Florida, III, 38.
Brown, William Garrott, author,
life of, XI, 131.
on the theory of secession,
X, 34; reference to, VII, 228.
Browne, Alexander, "History
of Virginia," VII, 99.
Browne, Emma Alice, author,
life of, XI, 131.
INDEX.
Browne, William Hand, author
and educator, life of, XI, 131.
"History of Maryland," VII,
97.
on Maryland from 1776 to
1868, I, 178.
Brownlow, James G., influence
as a preacher, IX, 144.
Brownlow, William Gannaway,
clergyman, life of, XI, 132.
editor of "Knoxville Whig,"
VII, 480.
influence against secession,
IX, 93.
governor of Tennessee, II,
522, 526.
portrait, facing, II, 526.
Brownson, Nathan, New Eng-
land governor of Georgia,
VII, 297.
Brownsville, Tex., capture of,
III, 413.
Bruce, James Douglas, educa-
tor, VII, 130.
Bruce, Philip Alexander, author,
life of, XI, 133.
on economic and social life of
Virginia, I, 46.
on the plantation system, V,
658.
on the South in the economic
policies of the United States,
IV, 353.
"Brudder Brown's Blessing on
the Dance," by Russell, VII,
41.
Bruns, John Dickson, physician
and educator, life of, XI, 134.
Bruton Church, Williamsburg,
Va., tablet in, commemorat-
ing the establishment of re-
ligious freedom in Virginia,
X, 449.
Bryan, Mary Edwards, editor
and author, life of, XI, 135.
reference to, X, 642.
Bryant, William Cullen, friend-
ship with Simms, VIII, xxvii.
Bryce, James, speaks at confer-
ence, X, 507.
Buchanan, Franklin, naval offi-
cer, life of, XI, 135.
Buchanan, James, affairs dur-
ing administration of, I,
115.
Buchanan, James, influence of
South on, IV, 333.
vetoes of, VI, 28, 29.
Buchanan, John Lee, educator,
life of, XI, 136.
Buchanan, Joseph Rhodes,
physician and author, life of,
XI, 137.
"Philosophy of Human Na-
ture," VII, 263.
Buck, Richard, X, 439.
Buckner, Simon Bolivar, soldier
and governor, life of, XI,
137.
in the Civil War, I, 292.
Buckwheat, its cultivation in the
South, VI, 116.
Buena Vista, battle of, III,
301; IV, 275.
Buffalo, disappear from South-
ern sections, V, 264.
Buffalo meat and hides, trade
in, V, 263.
Buford, Jefferson, pro-slavery
advocate, life of, XI, 139.
and the Kansas controversy,
II, 287.
"Buford Case, The," speech by
Breckenridge, IX, 396.
Building of the Nation, three
important contributions by
the English, in the, X, 112.
Building stone, VI, 197 et seq.
absence of, in coastal plain
regions, VI, 198.
found in the Piedmont pla-
teau, VI, 198.
Bulgaria, nationalization of, X,
210.
Bull, William, first American to
graduate in medicine, VII,
357
Bull Run, battle of, I, 488; IV,
510.
Bullard, Henry Adams, lawyer,
life of, XI, 139.
Bulletins, U. S. Department of
Agriculture, X, 605.
Bullitt, A. C., editor of "New
Orleans Bee," VII, 482.
Bulloch, Archibald, lawyer and
statesman, life of, XI, 140.
and the Georgia Assembly,
II, 143.
in the Revolution, IX, 28.
INDEX.
Bulloch, James Dunwoody,
naval officer, life of, XI, 140.
Bulloch, William Bellinger, poli-
tician, life of, XI, 141.
Bullock, Rufus B., governor
of Georgia, II, 224; cloud
upon his administration, II,
226.
Bureaus, inspecting and regula-
ting, VI, 544.
labor, VI, 542, 543.
statistical, VI, 542.
Burgess, John William, histo-
rian and educator, life of,
XI, 141.
Burgesses, House of, Virginia,
I, 19.
strong influence of, I, 34.
last session of, I, 82.
Burk, historian of Virginia
from the dawn to Yorktown,
VII, 99.
Burke, Thomas, politician, life
of, XI, 142.
capture of, by Fanning, I,
471.
Burleigh, Bennett G., soldier
and journalist, life of, XI,
143.
Burnet, David G., president pro
tem, of the Republic of
Texas, III, 365.
senator from Texas, III, 420.
Burnett, Frances Eliza Hodg-
son, author and playwright,
life of, XI, 144; reference to,
X, 636.
Burnside, A. E., military oper-
ations in Tennessee, II, 515.
operations in North Carolina,
I, 490.
Burr, Aaron, defended by Lu-
ther Martin, IX, 112.
expedition of, to the South,
II, 364.
speech against, by Wirt, IX,
33.
Burrington, George, first royal
governor of North Carolina,
I, 442.
"Burwell Papers," by Bacon,
VII, 2.
Butler, Andrew Pickens, politi-
cian, life of, XI, 145.
Butler, Benjamin F., attacks
Fort Fisher, I, 493.
Butler, Benjamin F., captures
Fort Hatteras and Fort
Clark, I, 489.
in the Civil War, I, 489; III,
136.
on the admission of Arkan-
sas, III, 295.
raids of, V, 150.
seizes New Orleans, III,
136; treatment of citizens,
III, 137.
Butler, Matthew Calbraith, sol-
dier and politician, life of,
XI, 145.
Butler, Pierce, delegate to Fed-
eral Convention, II, 37, 40.
"Life of Judah P. Benjamin,"
VII, 323; X, 555.
on Louisiana in the Federal
government, III, 113.
on the constitution and gov-
ernment of the Confederacy,
IV, 487.
Butler, William, soldier and
politician, life of, XI, 146.
Butler, William Orlando, sol-
dier and politician, life of,
XI, 147.
Butter and cheese, statistics
of, V, 255.
Buttrick, Wallace, and the
General Education Board,
X, 394.
and the Southern Education
Board, X, 391.
Byars, William V., on general
oratory of the South, IX,
158.
Byrd, Evelyn, life of, XI, 149.
a social light of colonial
Virginia and of London, X,
47.
Byrd, Jacob, in the North Car-
olina Regulators, IX, 8.
Byrd, William, colonial offi-
cial, life of, XI, 149.
career and personality of, X,
47.
exports hemp from Virginia,
V, 230.
"History of the Dividing
Line," VII, 73.
"Journey to the Land of
Eden, A," VII, 13.
library of, VII, 486.
INDEX.
Byrd, William, Virginia com-
missioner to settle North
Carolina boundary line, IV,
13.
Byrd, William, (2nd) colonial
official, life of, XI, 150.
collects finest library of colo-
nial times, VII, 487.
Cabells of Virginia, the, XI, 151.
Cabell, James Branch, author,
life of, XI, 151.
Cabell, John, statesman, life
of, XI, 152.
Cabell, Joseph, life of, XI, 152.
Cabell, Joseph Carrington, aids
Jefferson's educational plans,
X, 54.
and the University of Vir-
ginia, X, 244.
Cabell, Nicholas, life of, XI, 153.
Cabell, William, colonist, life of,
XI, 151.
Cabell, William, Jr., statesman,
life of, XI, 151.
Cabeza de Vaca, makes his way
to Culiacan, Mexico, X, 128.
Cable, George Washington, au-
thor, life of, XI, 153.
"All's Well That Ends Well,"
VIII, 272.
and New Orleans, X, 62.
"Cafe des Exiles," VIII, 264.
Creole stories, effect of on
North, VII, 289.
descriptions by, VIII, Ix.
"Grandissimes, The," VIII,
Iviii; extract from, VIII, 272.
"Madame Delicieuse," VIII,
259.
"Old Creole Days," VII, 322.
extract from, VIII, 259, 264.
portrait of, facing, VIII, 259.
writings of, VIII, xlix.
Cabot, Sebastian, claim to
Southern discoveries, III, 1.
Cabots, voyages of the, I, 2.
Cadillac, Lamotte, interest in
Texas settlements, III, 339.
"Cafe des Exiles," by Cable,
VIII, 264.
Cahokia, captured by Clark,
1778, IV, 73.
Cain, G. W., secretary of Lay-
men's Missionary Movement,
X, 507.
Cajori, Florian, scientific writ-
ings of, VII, 217.
"Calculus," by Echols, VII, 212.
"Calculus," by Nichols, VII,
205.
Caldwell, David, educator, VII,
168.
opens private school at Cald-
well, . N. C, X, 192.
Caldwell, Joseph, educator, life
of, XI, 155; references to,
VII, 150, 205; X, 220.
Caldwell, Joshua William, law-
yer and author, life of, XI,
156.
author of "Constitutional
History of Tennessee," II,
484, 541.
on influence of bench and
bar upon Southern culture,
VII, 340.
Caldwell, Tod R., governor of
North Carolina, I, 506.
Caldwell's School, North Car-
olina, X, 276.
Calhoun, John Caldwell, states-
man, life of, XI, 156.
and Thomas Cooper's writ-
ings, in the "Southern Re-
view," X, 57.
attitude toward the annexa-
tion of Texas, III, 376.
career of, IX, 40.
defeats Webster in debate,
IX, 94.
differing views with Andrew
Jackson on States' Rights,
IX, 41.
"Discourse on the Constitu-
tion and Government of the
United States," VII, 194, 331.
30
INDEX.
Calhoun, John Cal dwell, "Dis-
quisition on Government,"
VII, 190, 331.
effect of nullification policy
on, X, 26.
efforts for development of the
South, IV, 177.
favors a tariff for revenue, V,
487.
fear of secession, II, 71.
influence of, II, 63.
influence of, in Alabama, II,
_282.
influence upon War of 1812,
IX, 93.
in Jackson-Clay debate, IX,
95.
letter of, facing, XI, 156.
on nullification, II, 66.
on state sovereignty, II, 76.
opposed to Federal suprem-
acy, V, 657.
oratorical style, IX, 40, 43.
political leader, IV, 330;
VII, 190.
portrait, facing, II, 64.
position on Missouri Compro-
mise, III, 224.
president of Memphis Com-
mercial Convention of 1845,
IV, 182.
remarkable prophecy regard-
ing emancipation of slaves,
IV, 403.
report on Memphis Commer-
cial Convention, 1845, IV,
182.
rivalry with Benton, IX, 44.
secretary of state, II, 62.
speech on the "Force Bill,"
IX, 97, 421.
speech on "The Oregon Ques-
tion," IX, 303.
strong advocate for annexa-
tion of Texas, IV, 308.
typical of American elo-
quence, IX, 36.
views upon nullification, IX,
413.
views upon political science,
V, 572.
Calhoun, Patrick, settles in
South Carolina, II, 19.
California, admitted into
Union, IV, 461.
California, applies for admission
into Union as a free state,
IV, 461.
attracts emigrants from the
South, X, 117.
ceded to the United States,
1847, IV, 274.
declared an independent re-
public 1846, IV, 274.
gold discovery in, V, 280.
Call, Daniel, lawyer, life of, XI,
162.
Call, Richard Keith, soldier of
Revolution, life of, XI, 162.
Call, Richard Keith, soldier and
politician, life of, XI, 162.
territorial governor of Flor-
ida, III, 32.
Call, Wilkinson, soldier and
politician, life of, XI, 163.
Callahan, James M., on political
parties in the South since
1860, IV, 627 et seq.
on the history of West Vir-
ginia, 1863-1909, I, 385 et seq.
on the South in wars of the
United States, 1789-1860, IV,
258 et seq.
on the state finances of West
Virginia, VI, 522-528.
on United States treaties and
foreign commercial policies
affecting Southern economic
development, V, 381 et seq.;
VI, 368 et seq.
Callaway, Morgan, Jr., educa-
tor, life of, XI, 163.
Calverts of Maryland. See also
Baltimore, Lord.
Calvert, Cecil, or Cecilius, sec-
ond Lord Baltimore, life of,
XI, 164.
Calvert, George, first Lord Bal-
timore, colonist, life of, XI,
165; Maryland grant, IV, 5.
Calvert, Leonard, colonial gov-
ernor, life of, XI, 167.
ordered to seize Kent Island,
IV, 6.
settles 200 colonists near the
mouth of the Potomac, X,
98.
Cambridge Art Tile Works,
Covington, Ky., X, 712.
Camden, S. C., defeat of Ameri-
can forces at, IV, 79.
INDEX.
31
Campbell, Alexander, clergy-
man, life of, XI, 167.
and the Campbellites, X, 462.
influence as a preacher, IX,
145.
portrait, facing, IX, 145.
Campbell, Alexander Augustus,
clergyman, life of, XI, 168.
Campbell, Charles, historian,
life of, XI, 169.
Campbell, George W., states-
man, life of, XI, 170.
Campbell, Hugh George, naval
officer, life of, XI, 170.
Campbell, John Archibald,
jurist, life of, XI, 170.
Campbell, John Lyle, physician,
life of, XI, 171.
Campbell, John Poage, clergy-
man, life of, XI, 172.
Campbell, Richard, soldier, life
of, XI, 172.
Campbell, Robert, soldier, life
of, XI, 172.
Campbell, Thomas, clergyman,
life of, XI, 173.
Campbell, William, soldier, life
of, XI, 173.
in the Revolution, I, 93.
Campbell, William, last royal
governor in South Carolina,
II, 29.
Campbell, William Bowen, law-
yer, soldier, life of, XI, 174.
Campbell's "Rhetoric," VII,
116.
Camp meetings and revivals,
origin of, X, 461.
vogue of, IX, 136.
Canada, annexation of, prevent-
ed by New England states,
1814, IV, 267.
early trade with, V, 338.
increase of trade with, V,
388.
plan to annex, one cause of
war of 1812, IV, 263.
Canals, government improve-
ment of, VI, 328.
projects and building of, V,
336, 341, 352, 353, 356, 357.
supplanted by railways, V,
157.
Canby, E. R. S., military head
of North Carolina, I, 502.
Canby, E. R. S., military gover-
nor of South Carolina, II, 98.
Candler, Allen D., governor of
Georgia, II, 237.
Candler, Warren A., bishop, life
of, XI, 174.
"Cannibals All or Slaves With-
out Masters," by Fitzhugh,
VII, 185.
Canning industry, V, 237; VI,
132.
Canoes, used by colonists, V,
339.
Canonge, L. Placide, journal-
ist, life of, XI, 174.
"France et Espagne," VII,
316.
"Qui Perd Gagne," VII, 316.
Cape Fear, pirates, I, 435.
Cape Fear River, settlement at,
I, 416, 418; IV, 11.
Capen, Samuel B., and the Lay-
men's Missionary Movement,
X, 503, 507.
Capers, Ellison, soldier and
clergyman, life of, XI, 175.
influence as a preacher, IX,
143; X, 512.
Capers, F. W., in command of
Georgia state troops, II,
181.
Capers, William, clergyman,
life of, XI, 176; reference
to, X, 512.
Caperton, Allen Taylor, politi-
cian, life of, XI, 176.
Capital, Civil War destruction
of, V, 480.
disappearance of, during the
Reconstruction, VI, 2.
flow of, to the South, VI,
246.
increase of, in manufacturing,
VI, 394.
invested in cotton factories,
VI, 281, 285.
Northern introduction of, in
the South, VI, 608.
relation of slave labor to, V,
435.
Southern, V, 626-629.
Southern, depletion of, by the
war, VI, 614.
INDEX.
Capital, Southern investment of,
V, 435.
Southern, various employ-
ments of, VI, 616.
Cappini, Pompeo, sculptor, X,
686.
"Captain Suggs Attends a
Camp-meeting," by Hooper,
VII, 186.
Cardozo, Jacob N., authority on
commerce and finance, V,
547; X, 560.
on "Reminiscences of Charles-
ton," II, 89.
Care and treatment of defectives
in the South, X, 597.
Caribbean Sea, United States
now a power on, VI, 384.
Carleton, Henry Guy, editor of
the "Democrat," VII, 428.
Carlile, John S., share in West
Virginia separation, I, 371.
Carlisle, James H., educator,
VII, 118, 129.
Carlisle, John Griffin, lawyer,
politician, life of, XI, 177.
Carmack, Edward Ward, lawyer
and politician, life of, XI,
178.
speech in honor of Bate, IX,
78.
Carnegie foundation for the
advancement of teaching,
operations of, X, 217-394-
396.
and the standardization of
colleges and universities,
X, 395.
powerful influence of on
Southern educational work,
X, 235.
when founded, X, 387.
Carnegie libraries of the South,
VII, 504.
Carnegie units, the fourteen
adopted by Association of
Southern Colleges, X, 415.
Carnochan, John Murray, sur-
geon, life of, XI, 178.
"Carolina," the, expedition to
America, II, 7.
Carolina colony, John Locke's
constitution for, X, 285.
"Carolina Sports," account of
fisheries in, V, 270.
Carolinas, the, beginnings of,
X, 100.
dissenters in, X, 467.
cotton cultivation in, V, 198,
200, 201, 202.
"Fundamental Constitutions"
of, X, 529.
granted to eight proprietors,
IV, 10.
influence of Locke and
Hobbes on the state govern-
ments of, X, 46.
Indian uprising in, IV, 12. .
peopled mainly from Vir-
ginia, X, 102.
second dismemberment of
Virginia, IV, 10.
settlement of, IV, 10.
Carolinas, see also North Caro-
lina, South Carolina.
Carondelet, Baron de, makes
grants of land in Arkansas,
III, 271.
"Carpenter's Guide, The," ed-
ited by Davis, VII, 267.
Carpet-baggers, the, I, xlv; II,
303.
and negro rule in the South,
IV, 605, 614.
corrupt dealings, VI, 307.
in Arkansas, III, 322.
in Georgia, II, 221.
in Louisiana, III, 163.
in Mississippi, II, 437.
in North Carolina, I, 502.
in Tennessee, II, 530.
misrule of, VI, 10.
Carr, Dabney, politician, life of,
XI, 179.
career of, IX, 22.
influence upon Revolution,
IX, 92.
in the Revolution, IX, 15.
Carr, Peter, letter of Jefferson
to, X, 333.
Carrick, Samuel, Presbyterian
minister, X, 224.
Carriers, rail and water, VI, 328.
Carroll, Benjamin Harvey,
preacher and educator, life
of,- XI, 180.
influence as a preacher, IX,
152.
INDEX.
33
Carroll, Charles, signer of the
Declaration of Independ-
ence, life of, XI, 180.
controversy over fees of offi-
cers, I, 174; other references
to, IX, 25; X, 456, 538.
portrait, facing, I, 174.
Carroll, Guy, educator, VII,
166.
Carroll, John, archbishop, life
of, XI, 182; reference to, X,
537.
Carroll, William, soldier, life of,
XI, 182.
governor of Tennessee, II,
489.
Carruthers, Abraham, becomes
first professor of law in
Cumberland University, X,
337.
Carruthers, William A., novelist,
life of, XI, 183.
Carson, Christopher (Kit), ex-
plorer, life of, XI, 184.
Carter family, the, rapid in-
crease of, X, 67.
Carter, "King," at Corotoman,
X, 68.
Carter, Landon, of Sabine Hall
and his eccentricities, X, 72.
Carter, Robert, library of, VII,
488.
Carthagena, expedition against,
I, 39.
"Cartoons," by Preston, VII, 27.
Cartwright, Peter, influence as a
preacher, IX, 139.
Cartwright, S. A., negro author-
ity, VII, 181.
Gary, Thomas, acting governor
of Albemarle, IV, 12.
proprietary governor o<North
Carolina, I, 431; rebellion of,
I, 432.
Case, Theodore Spencer, physi-
cian and soldier, life of, XI,
184.
"Casket girls," VII, 56.
Castell, Texas, founded by Ger-
mans, X, 147.
Castle Heights School, VII, 172.
Castro, Henry, founds Castro-
ville, Texas, X, 145, 155,
559.
Caswell, Richard, lawyer, life
of, XI, 185.
Catalogue of books of Charles-
ton Literary Society, VII,
493.
"Catalogue of the Indigenous
and Naturalized Plants of
North Carolina," by Curtis,
VII, 249.
"Catalogues Plantarum in Vir-
ginia Observatarum," by
Bannister, VII, 242.
Catawbas, the, X, 159.
Catesby, Mark, naturalist, VII,
243.
Catholic, Roman. See Roman
Catholic.
Catron, John, judge of supreme
court, II, 492.
Cattle, American, German pro-
hibition of importation of,
VI, 375.
breeding, Southern, since the
war, VI, 140.
early importation of, V, 246.
herds of, in the woods, V,
154.
Hereford, herds of, VI, 142.
improved care of, due to ex-
periment stations, VI, 475.
industry, aided by quarantine
laws, VI, 475.
neglect of, V, 217.
ranges, V, 154.
Southern experience with the,
VI, 143-145.
Texas, improvement of, VI,
142.
tick, destruction of the, VI,
27.
See also Live Stock.
Caucasians, economic superior-
ity of, to the negro, VI, 593,
618.
Cavalier versus the Puritan,
the, IX, 376.
Cavendish, Thomas, and the
Roanoke colony, I, 4.
Cawein, Madison Julius, au-
thor, life of, XI, 185; work
of, VII, 52, 53.
Cedar, red, enormous demand
for, V, 260.
Cement industry of the South,
VI, 202.
Cement, Portland, manufac-
ture of, VI, 102.
34
INDEX.
Cement, Puzzolan, VI, 203.
Cemeteries, municipal, VI, 445.
"Census of Charleston," rice
statistics published in, V,
171.
Centenary College, Shattuck,
president of, VII, 310.
Centennial Commission of Lay-
men, X, 502.
Center College, Kentucky, X,
204.
Central America, prospective
Southern market in, VI, 642.
Central Factories, in the sugar
industry, VI, 78, 83.
Centralization, industrial, VI,
277, 288.
Central University, Center Col-
lege united with, X, 232.
"Century Magazine, The," arti-
cle in, on currency condi-
tions in the South, V, 452.
Ceramic industry, VI, 207.
Cereals, application of fertilizers
to, VI, 110.
cotton largely supplanted by,
V, 211.
enormous production of, VI,
104.
farming of, in the South, V,
212-222; VI, 104-117.
largest increase of, west of the
Mississippi, VI, 114.
new methods of cultivating,
needed in the South, VI, 107.
prairie production of, VI, 105.
Southern acreage of, VI, 112.
Southern disadvantages in
producing, VI, 106.
Southern supply of, from the
Central West, VI, 108.
Southern yield of, V, 221,
222; VI, 112, 114, 116.
tables of Southern production
of, VI, 112, 114, 116.
Ceria, furnished by monazite,
VI, 236.
Chaille, Stanford Emerson, phy-
sician, life of, XI, 186.
Chair of Agriculture, opposition
to the establishment of, X,
362.
Chambers, Henry E., on mod-
ern Louisiana, III, 163.
Chambers, Henry E., on the
territory of Orleans, III, 100.
Chambers, Lionel, "Account of
the Weather and Diseases of
Charleston," VII, 257.
"Chambers' Tribune," edited by
Harper, VII, 77.
Chambersburg, Va., burning of,
IV, 522.
Chamberlain, Daniel H., in the
South Carolina convention
of 1868, II, 114.
Reconstruction governor of
South Carolina, II, 100.
"Chancellor D'Aguessau," by
Legare, VII, 330.
Chandler, Julian Alvin Carroll,
editor, life of, XI, 187.
author of Introductory Out-
line to History, I, xxi.
on the beginnings of Virginia,
I, 1.
on the Southern Inter-Colo-
nial Relations, IV, 1.
on the South in English poli-
tics, 1607-1763, IV, 20.
on the South in the expan-
sion of the United States,
IV, 298.
on the South in the interpre-
tation of the Constitution,
IV, 442.
Change from rural to city con-
ditions after the war, 665.
Chanler, Amelie Rives (Prin-
cess Troubetzkoy), author,
life of, XI, 187.
portrait, facing, VIII, Ixiv.
reference to, X, 636.
Chapmans of Virginia, the, XI,
188.
Chapman, John Gadsby, artist,
life of, XI, 188; reference to,
X, 680.
Chapman, A. W., "Flora of the
Southern United States,"
VII, 251.
Chapultepec Fortress, Mexico,
captured by General Scott,
IV, 275.
Characteristics of the Southern
Press, VII, 402.
Charcoal, made from red oak,
V, 261.
INDEX.
35
"Charge at Balaklava," by Hope,
VII, 18.
Charles I, and the petition of
right, IX, 248.
execution of, mourned in Vir-
ginia, IX, 2.
grants charter to Maryland,
I, 150.
Charles II, asked to come to
Virginia, IX, 3.
grants to Culpeper and Ar-
lington, IX, 3.
grants entire Northern neck
to some of his courtiers, X,
65.
grants of the Carolinas, II, 6.
restoration of, IV, 24.
Charles V, grants slave trade
monopoly, X, 174.
Charleston, S. C., American
forces repulsed at, 1779, IV,
75.
battle of, II, 32.
British repulsed at, in 1776,
IV, 69.
captured by British in 1780,
II, 33.
defence of during Civil War,
II, 83.
destruction wrought to city
by war, II, 89.
early musical culture in, VII,
374.
evacuated by British, 1782, II,
85; IV, 82.
evidences of the culture of,
X, 49.
first great cotton market, VI,
647.
fishery at, V, 269.
founding of, II, 7; V, 17; X,
130.
French and Spanish designs
upon, II, 11.
great colonial port, V, 413.
growth of the cotton trade of,
IV, 168.
history, works on, by Court-
ney, VII, 515.
home of Simms, VIII, xxv.
importance of, in 1840, II, 57.
in colonial days, II, 15, 17.
Interstate and West Indian
Exposition at, VI, 569, 572.
Jewish ship owners at, X,
153.
Charleston, S. C., largest center
of fertilizer manufacture, VI,
537.
more cosmopolitan than Bos-
ton, X, 46.
social life of, modelled on that
of London, X, 48.
St. Michael's church, archi-
tecture of, X, 49.
standard of scholarship in, X.
195.
surrender of, to British, 1780,
IV, 76.
trade convention, 1839, IV,
176.
trucking center, V, 237.
wealth from rice crops, V,
172.
"Charleston, Account of the
Weather and Diseases of,"
by Chambers, VII, 357.
Charleston and Cincinnati rail-
road, development of, IV,
170.
Charleston, College of, II, 50;
X, 202.
"Charleston Courier," VII, 178.
Charleston Library destroyed
by fire, VII, 494.
Charleston Literary Society,
catalogue of, VII, 493, 494.
"Charleston Mercury, The," VII,
178.
Charleston, W. Va., convention
of 1841, I, 361.
Charlotte, N. C., charter for
the Queen's Museum, X,
192.
manufacturing center, VI,
477.
Charms and Amulets, VII, 59.
Chase, Samuel, jurist, life of,
XI, 189.
efforts toward independence
of Maryland, I, 175.
impeachment of, IX, 109.
in the Revolution, IX, 25.
Chattahoochee River, water
power of, V, 584.
Chattanooga, Tenn., iron dis-
trict, development of, VI, 253.
University of, X, 232.
Chauvenet, William, scientific
writings and labors, VII,
2.11, 219.
36
INDEX.
Cheatham, Benjamin Franklin,
soldier, life of, XI, 190.
Cheese and butter, statistics of,
V, 255.
Chemical Company, Virginia-
Carolina, VI, 292.
"Chemical Engineer," edited
by Meade, VII, 230.
Chemical manufacturers, VI,
292.
Chemistry, contribution to, VII,
222.
"Chemistry, History of," by
Venable, VII, 231.
Cherokee Indians, characteris-
tics of, V, 24; VII, 62; X,
159.
defeated in 1776, IV, 70.
in Arkansas, III, '268.
in Georgia, II, 162.
in Tennessee, II, 462.
induced to leave Georgia, IV,
437.
removal and sufferings, V, 22.
territory and clans, V, 22.
"Chesapeake," the, and Jewish
defenders, X, 557.
attacked by the "Leopard," I,
191.
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, V,
342.
Chesapeake and Ohio Bond
Company, incorporation of,
V, 521.
Chesapeake Bay, explored by
Smith, I, 13.
Chesnut, James, Jr., soldier and
politician, life of, XI, 191.
Chesnut, Mary Boy kin, on Ju-
dah P. Benjamin, X, 555.
on secession in South Caro-
lina, II, 79.
Chesnutt, Charles W., "Con-
jure Woman," VII, 535.
"Life of Frederick Douglass,
A," VII, 535.
Cheves, Langdon, statesman
and financier, life of, XI, 192.
at the Nashville convention,
II, 80.
opposition of, to manufactures
in South, IV, 185.
position in national affairs,
IX, 34.
Chew, Benjamin, jurist, life of,
XI, 193.
Chew, Samuel, jurist, life of, XI,
194.
Chickamauga, battle of, II, 192,
516.
Chickasaw Indians, in Alabama,
II, 245.
in Mississippi, II, 335.
in Tennessee, II, 462.
removal of to Indian Terri-
tory, 1834, IV, 438.
settlements and migration, V,
23; X, 159.
treaty with, II, 387.
Chihuahua, Mexico, capture of,
( IV, 275.
Child labor, census classification
of, X, 584.
congressional action on, VI,
463.
definition of, X, 582.
economic and legal aspects of,
VI, 53 et seq.
evils of, VI, 54, 55.
in cotton mills, a "before and
after" picture, X, 586.
in the South, X, 582.
laws on, X, 592.
necessity of dealing with facts
of, X, 585.
public protest against, VI, 54.
what the mill owners have
done, X, 589.
Child Labor Committee, Na-
tional, VI, 563.
Children, decreasing number of,
X, 548.
employed in agriculture in
the South, X, 583.
employed in cotton mills, X,
585.
legal working age of, VI, 55.
night work of, in cottou
mills, X, 595.
of wealthy colonists complete
education abroad, X, 185.
working hours for, VI, 56.
work of, during the Civil
War, VI, 3.
Childs, James, gift toward a
school at Childsburg, X, 189.
China, increase of American
_ trade with, VI, 387.
industrial awakening of, a
benefit to Southern com-
merce, VI, 369.
INDEX.
37
China, retaliation in, for Ameri-
can exclusion of Chinese, VI,
387.
treaties with, V, 389.
treaty of 1868 with, VI, 386.
Chinese exclusion act, VI, 387.
Chippewa, victory of General
Scott at, IV, 266.
"Chita," by Hearne, VII, 323.
Chittenden, William Lawrence,
author, life of, XI, 194.
Chivers, Thomas Holley, poet
and playwright, life of, XI,
195.
Chocchumas, in Mississippi, II,
335.
Choctaw Indians, cede entire
territory to the United
States, IV, 434.
given Indian Territory in ex-
change for lands ceded to
the United States, IV, 434.
in Alabama, II, 245.
in Arkansas, III, 269; X, 159.
in Mississippi, II, 335.
leading agricultural tribe, V,
23.
Choctaw Treaty, the, II, 378.
"Choir Invisible, The," by Allen,
VIII, liv.
Chopin, Kate (O'Flaherty), au-
thor, life of, XI, 196.
Christian Brothers College, Mis-
souri, X, 250.
Christian Bible College, Lexing-
ton, Ky., X, 315.
Christian Church, founded by
Campbell, IX, 145.
Christian Commonwealth, VI,
582.
"Christian Index, The," IX, 136.
Christianizing of the negro due
to teachings and training of
the Southern woman, X, 623.
Christians, or Disciples, the,
found colleges in the South,
X, 251.
"Christian Thought," founded
by Dr. C. F. Deems, X, 526.
Christian University, Missouri,
X, 251.
Christian Woman's Exchange,
New Orleans, La., X, 634.
"Christmas Before the War," by
Page, VIII, 316.
"Christmas Night in the Quar-
ters," by Russell, VII, 40.
"Christmas Night of '62," by
McCabe, VII, 30.
"Christ's Law of Service," ser-
mon by Mullins, IX, 492.
Christy, Daniel, "Cotton is
King," VII, 184.
"Chronicle, The," published by
John A. -Winn & Co., VII,
420.
Church, Alonzo, president of
University of Georgia, VII,
300.
Church establishment in Mary-
land, I, 166.
"Church History, of South,"
VII, 112.
Church of England, in Virginia,
IX, 7.
families, notable in, X, 445.
Church, The, a social as well
as a religious institution, X,
658.
contributions of, to American
civil liberty, X, 441.
in Carolina and Virginia, at-
titude of, toward Revolution,
X, 444.
Churches, The, movement to-
wards unity in, X, 464.
Churchill, T. J., in Civil War,
III, 313.
Churchill, Winston, novelist,
life of, XI, 196.
a Missourian, III, 254.
Cigars and cigarettes, Southern
manufacture of, VI, 295.
Cincinnati and Charleston rail-
road, development of, IV,
166.
Circuit rider significant figure
in the religious movements
of the South, X, 461.
Cities, Southern, decline of
death rate in, VI, 625.
economic aspects of their
growth, VI, 607-610.
population of, tables of, V,
617, 619.
rapid development of, a re-
sult of the Civil War, VI,
607.
types of, VI, 607.
h
38
INDEX.
"Citizen, The," by Shaler, VII,
266.
Civil and political rights, how
restored to the South, IV,
570.
Civil disabilities of Southern
men, IV, 568, 569.
"Civil History of the Confed-
eracy, The," by Curry, VII,
107.
Civil Rights Act of 1866, IV,
562, 571, 596.
Civil Rights Act of 1870, IV,
571.
Civil Rights Act of 1875, IV,
571.
Civil Rights Cases of 1883, IV,
572.
Civilization of the South, sur-
prising transformation in, X,
37.
retarded in early days, V,
338.
Civil War, The, Alabama in, II,
290.
Arkansas in, III, 307.
cost of, to the North, V, 422.
destruction of property in,
VI, 1 et seq.
devastation caused by, VI, 72.
disastrous effect on South-
ern industries, V, 668 et seq.
economic causes of, V, 656.
economic conditions in the
South during, V, 668 et seq.
escape of slaves during, VI, 4.
effect on Southern manufac-
tures, V, 332-334.
effect upon property values in
the South, V, 422 et seq.
Florida in, III, 47.
Georgia in, II, 180.
growth of Southern cities a
result of, VI, 607.
illicit trade during, V, 673.
Johnson's views upon, IX, 345.
Kentucky in, I, 287; IX, 427.
loss caused by, I, xlv.
Louisiana in, III, 134.
Maryland in, I, 205.
Mississippi in, II, 406.
Missouri in, III, 231.
negro laborers in, V, 149.
Civil War, The, North Carolina
in, I, 487.
relation of public land policies
to, V, 665.
relation of territorial expan-
sion to, V, 666.
relation of slavery to, V, 656.
relation of the tariff to, V, 664.
sectionalism in, V, 657.
South Carolina in, II, 88.
Southern and Northern, views
regarding, V, 656.
Southern benefit from, V, 482.
Southern oratory during, IX,
53.
Tennessee in, II, 509.
Texas in, III, 402.
Virginia in, I, 115.
West Virginia in, I, 385.
Clack, Marie Louise, author, life
of, XI, 197.
Claflin College, Orangeburg, S.
C, X, 244, 251.
Claiborne, Ferdinand Leigh,
soldier, life of, XI, 197.
in Indian wars in Alabama, II,
268.
Claiborne, John Francis Ham-
tramck, politician, editor and
author, life of, XI, 196.
"Life and Correspondence of
John A. Quitman," VII, 195.
Claiborne, William, pioneer, life
of, XI, 199.
brings first settlers to Mary-
land, V, 15.
claims Kent Island, IV, 5.
enmity to Lord Baltimore, I,
152.
struggle for territorial integ-
rity, I, 24.
Claiborne, William C h a r 1 es
Cole, lawyer, life of, XI, 200.
governor of Mississippi, II,
362; VII, 344.
portrait, facing, II, 362.
territorial governor of Louis-
iana, III, 105, 112.
Clanton, James Holt, soldier
and lawyer, life of, XI, 201.
Clark, Champ, lawyer and poli-
tician, life of, XI, 201.
writes on Missouri, 1820-1865,
III, 215.
Clark, Charles, governor of
Mississippi, II, 423.
INDEX.
39
Clark, George Rogers, soldier
and frontiersman, life of, XI,
202.
and Transylvania Seminary,
X, 241.
effect of expedition of, upon
Missouri, III, 187.
explores part of the North-
west, X, 113.
influence upon Kentucky af-
fairs, I, 249, 260.
occupies the Northwest terri-
tory, IV, 302.
plea for means of defense, I,
275.
portrait, facing, I, 248.
seizes Northwest territory, I,
99.
Clark, Victor L., on colonial
manufactures, V, 299 et seq.
on manufactures during the
ante-bellum and war periods,
V, 313 et seq.
on manufactures in the South
from 1865 to 1880, VI, 253
et seq.
on modern manufacturing de-
velopment in the South,
1880, 1905, VI, 264 et seq.
Clark, Walter, jurist, life of, XI,
203.
edits state records, I, 512.
on North Carolina in the
Confederacy, I, 483.
Clark, William, governor of
territory of Missouri, III,
274.
Clark University, Georgia, X,
251.
Clarke, Elijah, soldier, life of,
^XI, 203.
in the Revolution, II, 148.
Clarke, John, soldier, life of, XI,
204.
governor of Georgia, II, 158.
Clarke, Mary Bayard, author,
life of, XI, 204.
Clarkson, Henry M., poet, life
of, XI, 205.
Clarkson, Thomas, anti-slavery
writer, VII, 184.
Clary School, VII, 172.
Class distinctions an obstacle to
progress of Catholicity in the
South, X, 550.
in Virginia, I, 63.
"Classical Atlas," by Long, VII,
137.
Classical education, North Car-
olina University second in
South, VII, 150.
Classical studies, the South's
contribution to, VII, 135.
Classical works of Tulane Uni-
versity, VII, 157.
Classical work of University of
Georgia, VII, 157.
Classical works of "University
of the South," VII, 156.
"Classic Literature," article in
Encyclopaedia Americana by
Bain, VII, 159.
Claxton, Philander P., educator,
X, 383.
Clay, Cassius Marcellus, politi-
cian, soldier and diplomat,
life of, XI, 205.
portrait of, facing, XI, 204.
Clay, Clement Claiborne, law-
yer and politician, life of,
XI, 206.
a typical statesman, X, 34.
on the segregating forces of
slavery and cotton, V, 114.
Clay, Green, politician and sol-
dier, life of, XI, 207.
Clay, Henry, statesman, life of,
XI, 208.
and the nullifiers, IX, 331.
birthplace of, facing, XI, 208.
champions debt of Texas, III,
391.
efforts to preserve the Union,
IX, 38.
imports Herefords, V, 247.
imports mules into Ken-
^tucky, V, 82.
influence upon War of 1812,
IX, 93.
in his old age, IX, 99.
letter of, facing, XI, 212.
long influence upon politics,
IX, 39.
natural oratorical gifts, IX,
39.
nominated for the presidency,
IX, 101.
not author of Missouri Com-
promise, IX, 38.
political leader, IV, 330; VII,
192; X, 647.
portrait, facing, IX, 193.
40
INDEX.
Clay, Henry, resigns professor-
ship of law in Transylvania
University to take seat in
the United States Senate, X,
331.
rivalry with Randolph of
Roanoke, IX, 32.
sent to congress by hemp in-
terests, V, 232.
share in the Missouri Com-
promise, III, 221.
"Speech on the Seminole
War," IX, 193.
tries to harmonize differing
sections, X, 114.
typical of American elo-
quence, IX, 36.
Clay, glass-pot, VI, 208.
industries, modern, of the
Southern states, X, 701.
mining, VI, 207.
products, conditions for de-
veloping, VI, 206.
Clay products, manufacture of,
VI, 209.
working industry in the
South since 1865, VI, 206 et
seq.
Clays of the South a valuable
asset, X, 697.
porcelain, export of, V, 307.
Clay-Clopton, Virginia Carolina,
life of, XI, 211.
Clayton, Henry DeLamar, sol-
dier, jurist, life of, XI, 212.
Clayton, John, contribution to
Natural History, VII, 241.
"Flora Virginica," VII, 242.
writings on medical properties
of plants, VII, 357.
Clayton, Powell, governor of
Arkansas, III, 322.
Clayton-Bulwer treaty, IV, 292;
V, 390.
Cleburne, Patrick Romayne,
lawyer and soldier, life of,
XI, 213.
Clemens, Jeremiah, politician
and soldier, life of, XI, 214.
Clemens, Samuel Langhorne,
(Mark Twain), humorist, life
of, XI, 215.
a Missourian, III, 254.
influence on North in humor-
ous writings, VII, 289.
Clemson Agricultural College,
II, 109, 121; X, 369.
Clergy in education work of the
South, VII, 116.
Climate, comparative, of the
South, VI, 629.
Southern, modified by the
sea, mountains, and forests,
VI, 630.
study of, at experiment sta-
tions, VI, 475.
Clingman, Thomas Lanier, pol-
itician and soldier, life of,
XI, 216.
"Follies of Positive Philoso-
phy, The," VII, 264.
portrait, facing, VII, 264.
Clinton, Sir Henry, expeditions
against Virginia, I, 95.
operations against South
Carolina, II, 31.
"Clipper" ship, its highest devel-
opment, V, 369.
"Closer Union" opposed by the
common people, IV, 339.
Clothing, small manufacture of,
in the Confederacy, V, 480.
Cloud, N. B., superintendent of
education in Alabama, II,
306.
Cloud, Virginia Woodward, au-
thor, life of, XI, 217.
"Clouds," by Humphreys, VII,
148.
Clover, cultivation of, V, 228.
honey, cultivation of, VI, 122.
Club Women, Southern, X, 632.
Coal, bituminous, in the Alle-
ghany region, VI, 228.
conditions in the production
of, in the South, VI, 175 et
seq.
early mining of, V, 3.
Fairmont field of, VI, 181.
fields, Southern, resources of,
VI, 636.
first used as fuel in the sugar
house. V, 195.
in Alabama, II, 313, 329.
in Arkansas, VI, 181.
in Kentucky, VI, 181.
in Missouri, VI, 177, 181.
in Oklahoma, VI, 181.
in Tennessee, VI, 181.
in Texas, VI, 181.
INDEX.
41
Coal in Virginia, I, 143; VI, 175,
179, 180.
in West Virginia, VI, 182, 183.
largest carriers of, VI, 333.
mining, service of railroads to,
VI, 179.
mining, Southern, after the
war, VI, 177.
New River field of, VI, 180.
Pocahontas field of, VI, 180.
production of, V, 290-295; VI,
183.
steaming and coking, VI, 179.
territory of South, I, liv.
Coal Company, Pittsburg, larg-
est carrier, VI, 333.
Coastal Plain of the South, V, 3;
X, xxi.
Cobb, Collier, scientist and ed-
ucator, life of, XI, 217.
Cobb, Howell, statesman, life of,
XI, 218.
career of, IX, 49.
in national politics, II, 168.
letter of, facing, XI, 218.
portrait, facing, II, 170.
Cobb, Thomas Reed Rootes,
soldier and lawyer, life of,
XI, 219.
on secession, II, 170.
Cobbs, Nicholas Hamner, Epis-
copal bishop, life of, XI, 220.
Cockburn, Admiral, ravages
Maryland, I, 191.
Cocke, William, lawyer, VII,
344.
Cockrell, Francis Marion, sol-
dier and politician, life of,
XI, 220.
Coffin, Charles, president of
Greenville College, Tenn.,
VII, 303.
Cohen, Mordecai, tablet dedi-
cated to, X, 565.
Coin, colonial rates on for-
eign, V, 443.
gold and silver, V, 447.
scarcity of, in the South, V,
451.
Coinage, earliest for America,
V, 442.
Coiron, John J., introduces
striped and purple sugar
canes, V, 187.
introduces the steam engine
in sugar mills, V, 195.
Coke, manufacture of, in vari-
ous states, VI, 183.
Coke, Richard, governor of
Texas, III, 425.
Coleman, Cynthia B. T., efforts
to preserve Virginia antiqui-
ties, X, 642.
Coleman, F. W., educator, VII,
163.
Coleman, Lewis Minor, edu-
cator, VII, 140.
Coligny, Admiral, interest in
American colonization by
Huguenots, III, 8.
sends three ships to Ribaut's
colonists, X, 118.
College, first steps to an Amer-
ican, I, 18.
College observatory, first, VII,
206.
College of Charleston, X, 202.
College of Henrico, the Vir-
ginian company and the, X,
186.
College of New Orleans, tran-
sient success of, X, 220.
College of the Immaculate
Conception, Louisiana, X,
250.
College of William and Mary,
VII, 119.
College work in Virginia, VII,
152.
Colleges, agricultural and me-
chanical, in the South, VI,
471, 473.
Colleges, agricultural, land
grants for, VI, 29, 469.
Colleton, James, made governor
of South Carolina, IV, 16.
proclaims martial law in
South Carolina, IV, 29.
Collier, Henry Watkins, jurist,
life of, XI, 221.
Collins, Charles, president of
Emory and Henry College,
VII, 308.
Collins, Thomas Wharton,
jurist, life of, XI, 221.
"Martyr Patriots," VII, 323.
Colonial control, new policies
inaugurated, IV, 43.
mansions, Southern architec-
tural feati*s of, X, 691.
opposition, renewal of, IV, 53.
INDEX.
Colonial period, studies of, by
Neill, VII, 99.
policy, British, its influence
upon the South, V, 26.
press conservative, VII, 409.
trade restriction of, IV, 31.
"Colonial Ballads," by Preston,
VII, 27.
Colonial Dames of America,
activity of Southern women
in, X, 635.
"Colonial Education of South
Carolina," by McCrady, VII,
160.
"Colonial History," by Gayarre,
VII, 102.
"Colonial Mobile," by Hamilton,
VII, 96.
Colonies, middle, slavery dis-
carded in, V, 106.
proposed union of all, IV, 38.
Colored churches, externaliza-
tion of religion in, X, 532.
Colored insane in the South, X,
599.
Colored women become good
Catholics, X, 547.
See Negro.
Colquitt, Alfred Holt, lawyer,
soldier and legislator, life of,
XI, 222.
and prayers in camp, X, 573.
Colquitt, Walter T., lawyer and
statesman, life of, XI, 223.
Columbia, S. C., burning of, by
Sherman's army, II, 85.
Columbia Hospital, opened by
twelve women, X, 626.
Columbia Military Institute,
VII, 172.
Columbia Theological Semi-
nary, X, 312.
Columbia Typographical So-
ciety, organized in Washing-
ton, V, 145.
"Columbian Chronicle," pub-
lished by Hanson, VII, 413.
Columbus, Christopher, code of
laws for America, III, 12.
significance of voyage of, I, 1.
Combahee, the, called by Ayllon
the Jordan, X, 127.
Combinations in restraint of
trade, prohibition of, VI,
460.
Combinations, private, to con-
trol trade or production, VI,
573 et seq.
Comer, B. B., governor of Ala-
bama, II, 326.
"Commentaries on the Law of
Virginia," by Tucker, VII,
328.
Commerce, American, damaged
by Berlin and Milan decrees,
V, 383.
American, policy of England
and France to injure, V, 328.
British policy in colonial, V,
308.
center of gravity shipping
toward the South, VI, 384.
foreign, of the South, V, 393 et
seq.; VI, 351 et seq.
foreign, causes of its growth
in the South, VI, 369.
great possibilities of Gulf de-
velopment in, VI, 383.
interstate, of the South, V,
404 et seq.; VI, 351 et seq.
part of the factor in, V, 398.
Southern, activities of the
Federal government in, V,
482 et seq.
Southern, bright outlook for,
V, 388.
Southern, effect of European
tariff policies on, VI, 377.
Southern, how affected by
French policy, VI, 376.
Southern, increase of, with
neighboring countries, VI,
379.
Southern, influence of the
Panama Canal on, VI, 642 et
seq.
Southern, state and Federal
regulation, VI, 454 et seq.
Southern, state and local gov-
ernmental activity, VI, 439
et seq.
Commercial conventions of
1845-1861, IV, 184.
Commercial policies, United
States foreign, affecting
Southern economic develop-
ment, V, 381 et seq.; VI, 368
et seq.
"Commercial Review of the
South and West," founding
of. IV, 183.
INDEX.
43
Commercial spirit, the, dis-
dained by the Southerner, X,
23.
Commission houses, credit funds
supplied by, VI, 421.
men, producers at the mercy
of, VI, 578.
merchant, function of the, V,
398.
merchants, their dealings
with planters, V, 458-461.
merchants, the Southern
commercial convention's rec-
ommendations to, V, 460.
Commissioner of Corporations,
report of, on water trans-
portation, VI, 332.
Commissions, railroad, VI, 455.
Committee of Safety, Virginia,
I, 86.
Committee on Agriculture and
Forestry, report of, VII, 95.
Committees of National Corre-
spondence, appointed by Vir-
ginia, IV, 59.
Commonwealth of Israel, VI,
582.
Communities, urban, four types
of, in the South, VI, 607.
"Companion, The," published by
Y. M. C. A., of New Orleans,
X, 483.
Company of the West, the, rice
cultivated by, in Louisiana,
V, 170.
"Comparative Cost of Free and
Slave Labor in Agriculture,"
by Raymond, VII, 182.
"Complaint from Heaven,"
pamphlet against proprietor's
government in Maryland, IV,
27.
"Composition of the Products of
Distillation of Spermaceti,
The," by Smith, VII, 224.
"Compromise of 1850," settle-
ment of slavery dispute, IV,
292, 335.
Compulsory school attendance,
X, 421, 422.
Concord Academy, Virginia,
VII, 163; X, 276.
Concordia Seminary, St. Louis,
Mp., X, 313.
Conditions in the South after
the War, IX, 378, 429.
Confederate army, commissary
supplies of, IV, 509.
deserters from, V, 149.
enlistments in, reduce labor
force, V, 147.
lack of munitions of war of,
IV, 508.
operations of, 1861, IV, 510.
operations of, 1862, IV, 511.
operations of, 1863, IV, 515.
operations of, 1864, IV, 516.
operations of, 1865, IV, 518.
statistics of, IV, 504, 523, 545.
"Confederate Dead, Dirge to
the," by Timrod, VII, 31.
Confederate Home and College,
Charleston, S. C., organized
by women, X, 628.
Confederate lethargy after bat-
tle of Bull Run, IV, 546.
Confederate Literary Memorial
Society, the, X, 631.
Confederate soldiers, causes
that made them superior to
_ Union soldiers, IV, 506.
in Northern prisons, IV, 523.
fed and clothed by negroes,
V, 148.
Confederate States of America,
The, Alabama in, II, 290.
Arkansas in, III, 304.
civil and military depart-
ments, efficiency of, IV, 507.
constitution of, analyzed, IV,
488.
constitution of, compared with
Federal constitution, IV, 487.
constitution of, never fairly
tried, IV, 497.
constitution of, text of, III,
452.
efforts of, to gain recognition
from European governments,
IV, 537.
finances of, V, 494 et seq.
financial straits of, III, 406.
Florida in, III, 46.
Georgia in, II, 171.
government of, economic ac-
_ tivities, V, 478 et seq.
independence of, efforts to se-
cure recognition of, IV, 531.
Kentucky's attitude toward, I,
288.
Louisiana in, III, 134.
44
INDEX.
Confederate States of America,
The, Maryland's attitude to-
ward, I, 202.
Mississippi in, II, 410.
Missouri's attitude toward,
III, 231.
North Carolina in, I, 483.
organized at Montgomery,
Ala., II, 289; III, 49.
population of, in 1861, IV, 501.
proportion of blacks to
whites in, V, 146.
recognition of, by Great Bri-
tain, IV, 551.
South Carolina in, II, 75, 80.
statistics of wealth in 1861,
IV, 501.
Tennessee in, II, 593.
Texas in, III, 402; V, 538.
Virginia in, I, 113.
West Virginia's attitude to-
ward, I, 385.
"Confederate Veteran, The,"
VII, 516.
Confederation, articles of, IV,
89.
points of weakness, IV, 95; V,
342.
Conference for education in the
South, X, 290.
Confiscation acts of Congress,
V, 150.
Congregationalists, in Georgia,
II, 134.
Congress, confiscation acts of,
V, 150.
currency legislation by, VI,
415-417.
efforts to increase powers of,
IV, 96.
first Continental, IV, 63.
general call issued for, IV, 63.
second Continental, IV, 64, 65.
votes land for agricultural
and mechanical colleges, X,
367.
"Conjure Woman," by Chesnutt,
VII, 535.
Connecticut Compromise
passed, 1787, IV, 124.
Connecticut, slaves of, sent
South^IV, 218.
suggestion of secession in
1796, II, 75.
Connelly, Pierce Francis,
painter, X, 680.
Connor, R. D. W., on North
Carolina as a proprietary, I,
413.
"Conquered Banner," by
Father Ryan, VII, 21.
Conrad, Charles M., soldier and
statesman, life of, XI, 224.
Conservation, forest, VI, 151 et
seq.
"Consolidation," by Cooper,
VII, 195.
Constitution of the Confederate
States, analyzation of, IV,
488.
difference between it and Fed-
eral constitution, IV, 487.
never fairly tried, IV, 497.
ratification by Southern states,
IV, 130. 320.
text of, III, 452.
Constitution of the United
States, adoption of, I, 102.
amendments to, text of, III
451.
completion of work on, IV,
127.
compromises on, IV, 123.
Connecticut compromise
passed, IV, 124.
difference between it and Con-
federate constitution, IV, 487.
disputes over, IV, 456.
drafting of, I, xxxi.
Eleventh Amendment, IV,
323.
Fifteenth Amendment, IV,
349.
First Amendment, X, 481.
first draft of, IV, 123.
Fourteenth Amendment, IV,
598. '
interpretation of, IV, 456.
powers of, defined by Hill,
IX, 359.
preparations for ratification
of. IV, 128.
product of the South, IX, 90.
reasons for Southern opposi-
tion to, IV, 133.
Southern view of, IV, 443, 446.
South's position on, to-day,
IV, 468.
speech of Martin upon the,
IX, 179.
Toombs' view of the, IX, 319.
INDEX.
45
Constitution of the United
States transmitted to the
several states for ratification,
IV, 129.
Virginia plan for, IV, 117.
war amendments to, IV, 559.
Webster and the, IX, 330.
"Constitution and Government
of the Confederacy," IV, 487.
"Constitution of the United
States, The," by J. R. Tucker,
VII, 334.
"Constitution," ship launched,
IV, 260.
"Constitutional Conservator,"
founded by John Wade, VII,
420.
Constitutional Construction,
VII, 192.
"Constitutional History of
Greece, The," by Legare.
"Constitutional History of Ten-
nessee," by Caldwell, cited,
II, 484, 541.
Constitutional Union Guards,
Reconstruction secret so-
ciety, IV, 621..
"Constitutional View of the
War Between the States,"
by Stephens, III, 195; VII,
332; IX, 57.
Constitutions, Southern colo-
nies adopt new, IV, 72.
"Construction Construed," by
Taylor, VII, 193.
Consumer, the, his relations to
the producer, VI, 405.
Contemporaneous journals, ed-
ited by New Englanders,
VII, 476.
Continental Congress of 1774,
concord of sentiment at the,
X, xxii.
Continental forces, losses of, in
South Carolina, IV, 78.
Contingent fund, Webster and
the, IX, 329.
Contract labor, competition be-
tween negro and white, V,
139.
free, in the South, V, 134 et
seq.
white, V, 139-143.
Contract system, convict labor
under, VI, 52.
Contractors, bonding of, VI,
437.
Contracts, labor, V, 95.
Contributions of the South to
the character and culture of
the North, VII, 269.
Conventions on manufactures,
V, 317.
Converse College, X, 254.
Convict and apprentice labor in
the South, V, 130-134; VI,
48-53.
Convict lease system, VI, 48-52.
ConTicts, employed on roads,
VI, 321.
revenue from labor of, VI,
442.
Conway, James S., first gover-
nor of Arkansas, III, 285.
Conway, Moncure Daniel, cler-
gyman and author, life of,
XI, 224.
portrait of, facing, XI, 224.
Coode, James, seizes Maryland
government IV, 27.
Cook, Eben, "Sot-weed Factor,
The," VII, 2; "Sot-weed
Factor Redivivus," VII, 2.
Cooke, J. W., in the Civil War,
I, 494.
Cooke, John Esten, soldier and
novelist, life of, XI, 226.
"Interior with Portraits, An,"
VIII, 159.
letter of, facing, XI, 226.
"Old Theatre Near the Cap-
itol, The," VIII, 163.
"Virginia Comedians, The,"
VIII, xxxix.
"Virginia Comedians, The,"
extract from, VIII, 159, 163.
ooke, John Rogers, soldier
and politician, life of, XI,
227.
Cooke, Philip Pendleton, poet,
life of, XI, 228.
"Florence Vane," VII, 16.
"Froissart Ballads and Other
Poems," VII, 16.
Cooke, Philip Saint George, sol-
dier, life of, XI, 228.
Cooper, Benjamin, settles in
Missouri, III, 203.
Cooper, Samuel, soldier, life of,
XI, 229.
46
INDEX.
Cooper, Thomas, scientist and
educator, life of, XI, 230.
becomes president of Univer-
sity of South Carolina, X, 57.
"Consolidation," VII, 195.
first professor at University
of Virginia, X, 57.
"Lectures on the Elements of
Political Economy," VII,
175, 264.
"Political Essays," VII, 264.
publishes translation of the
Institutes of Justinian, X,
339.
reputed infidelity causes his
removal from University of
Virginia, X, 57.
teaches law and political
science at South Carolina
College, X, 339.
"the father of nullification,"
II, 66.
"Treatise on the Law of Libel
and the Liberty of the
Press, A," VII, 264.
writer on economics, V, 566,
567, 568.
Cooper, William, X, 686.
Cooperation, economic experi-
ments in, V, 592-594; VI, 580-
583.
for the development of the
material welfare of the
South, IV, 759.
hindrances to experiments in,
VI, 580.
movements toward, after the
war, VI, 580.
Cooperative Association, Rus-
kin, VI, 582.
Cooperative Association, Texas,
VI, 580.
Cooperative Colony, Willard,
VI, 582.
Cooperative Industrial College,
VI, 582.
Cooperative League, National,
VI, 581.
"Coordinate Geometry and In-
finitesimal Analysis," by
Smith, VII, 218.
Cop eland, Rev. Patrick, and
school fund, X, 186.
Copper, production of, in the
South, V, 281-283; VI, 215,
216, 219.
Coquina, houses built of, X, 137.
Cordelli, Peter, sculptor, X, 686.
Cordova, Fernandez de, early
Spanish explorer, III, 4.
Cordova, Jacob de, gives pub-
licity to Texas, X, 155, 559.
Corinth, Miss., battle of, II,
413.
Corn, almost exclusive cereal
in parts of South, VI, 115.
and cotton crops, smaller in
some states in 1900 than in
1860, V, 121.
colonists taught to raise, by
Indians, V, 215.
compulsory raising in James-
town colony, V, 219.
easily cultivated, V, 215.
first, raised by whites, V, 216.
fodder from, V, 225.
identified with development of
the South, V, 214.
Indian, introduced into Eng-
land, I, 5.
introduction into Mexico, V,
215.
largely supplants cotton, V,
211.
leading states in production
of, V, 216.
method of cultivating and
handling, V, 216.
preserving of, V, 237.
production in the cotton belt,
V, 206.
the great cereal crop of
America, V, 214.
three methods of using, V,
217.
used in paying taxes, V, 216.
white dent varieties of, V, 218.
"Corn," by Lanier, VII, 43.
Cornbury, Lord, displeased at
preaching in New York of
Francis Makemie, X, 469.
Corners, in commodities, VI,
574, 575.
Cornwallis, Lord, in Virginia, I,
96.
operations in South, II, 33.
surrender of, at Yorktown,
Va., IV, 84; X, 123.
Corporate surety, Southern de~
velopment of, VI, 434.
Corporations, control of, IV,
470.
INDEX.
47
Correa, Abbe", influence of, on
Gilmer, X, 55.
"Correction girls," VII, 56.
Corundum, Southern production
of, VI, 236.
Corwin, Thomas, legislator and
orator, life of, XI, 232.
Cosa, early name for Alabama
country, II, 247.
Cossitt, F. R., president of
Cumberland University, VII,
304.
Cotton, American, prepared in
Europe, V, 204.
American receipts of, at for-
eign ports in 1861 and 1864,
VI, 352.
American, Japanese prefer-
ence for, VI, 387.
a new basis of commerce,
V, 200.
Atlantic Coast States' produc-
tion of, V, 204.
bagging, monopoly of, VI,
576, 577.
belt, its transportation facili-
ties, V, 406.
Bureau, Confederate, V, 481.
chief export of the United
States, V, 384.
comparative value of its pro-
duction, VI, 641.
Confederate hopes based
upon, V, 391.
crop, increase in, I, liii.
crop, monopoly in handling,
VI, 349.
culture dependent on slavery,
V, 206.
culture increased by fertil-
izers, VI, 20, 91.
culture increases the price of
slaves, V, 208.
culture, spread of, V, 77, 384,
661.
Davis sent to Turkey to ex-
periment on, V, 250.
demand for, caused by house-
hold manufacture, V, 203.
demand for, increased by in-
ventions of machinery, V,
109, 110.
demand for, by Europe, the
South's chief hope of inter-
vention, IV, 526.
Cotton, distribution of, VI, 406.
early manufacture in the
South, V, 316.
early market for, chiefly for-
eign, V, 202.
early mills for manufacturing,
V, 321.
eight bales of, landed by an
American ship at Liverpool,
X, 210.
Embargo and Non-Inter-
course acts close chief mar-
ket for, V, 202.
England's discriminating du-
ties against, V, 385.
English duties on, abolished,
V, 315.
expansion of its culture from
1815, V, 203.
export duty on, in 1861, V,
210.
export of, prevented by block-
ade, V, 210.
export of, to France and Italy,
V, 390; VI, 356.
factory, a boon to the poor
farming classes, X, 586.
fall in price of, VI, 93.
first cultivation in North
America, V, 197.
first rapid gain of, in foreign
commerce, V, 394.
fluctuations in price of, VI,
396 et seq.
gin, benefit of, to Louisiana,
III, 119.
gin, effect of, in Georgia, II,
155.
gin, invention of, V, 41, 201,
660.
gin, stimulus to the cotton in-
dustry, V, 164, 661.
gin, supreme importance of,
V, 109.
gin, when invented, I, xl.
gin, Whitney's invention of,
X, xxii, 19.
gives way largely to cereals,
V, 211.
great profits from culture of,
V, 202.
grown by whites, V, 676.
in Alabama, II, 274, 313, 327.
in Georgia, II, 165.
in Louisiana, III, 116, 119.
in Mississippi, II, 367.
48
INDEX.
Cotton, increased area, acreage,
and yield of, VI, 92.
industry, benefit of the Pan-
ama Canal to, VI, 644.
industry, centralization in, VI,
288.
industry checked by the
Civil War, V, 210.
industry, cost of neglect in,
after the war, VI, 87.
industry, decline of, in older
Southern states and increase
in the Southwest, V, 113.
industry, future delivery sys-
tem in, VI, 94.
industry, helped by the Fed-
eral tariff policy, V, 489.
industry in the South, IV,
^186.
industry, Italian immigrants
in, VI, 102.
industry, lack of capital in,
VI, 87.
industry, new territory de-
manded for, V, 208.
industry, paralyzed by the
blockade and non-interven-
tion, V, 392.
industry, prolongs slavery in
border states, V, 208.
industry, prosperous develop-
ment of, VI, 94.
industry, protection for,
urged by Southern leaders,
V, 487.
industry, re-opening of Afri-
can slave trade demanded
for, V, 209.
industry, revival of, after the
war, VI, 88, 91.
industry, scarcity of labor in,
VI, 89.
industry, secession in the in-
terest of, V, 209.
industry, severe depression in,
VI, 95.
industry, war losses of, VI, 87.
industry, why discouraged by
the Confederate government,
V, 211.
leading crop of Texas, III,
428.
legislative encouragement of
its culture, V, 199.
less tyrannous as "king," VI,
103.
Cotton, little machinery in its
cultivation, V, 206.
manufacture, comparison of
Southern and Northern, VI,
53.
manufacture, development of,
in New England, V, 407.
manufacture, effect of new
machinery upon, V, 200.
manufacture, fluctuations in,
VI, 288.
manufacture in South, sta-
tistics of in 1850, IV, 189.
manufacture, its beginning in
England, V, 198.
manufacture, larger in the
South than in the North in
1903, VI, 288.
manufacture, modern develop-
ment of, 281 et seq.
manufacture, new centers of,
VI, 477.
manufacture, scarcity of in
South before 1860, IV, 187.
manufacture, Western exten-
sion of, VI, 288.
methods of cultivating, fa-
vor large production, V, 205.
mill owners, schools built by,
X, 590.
mills, early, V, 371.
mills, improved condition of
operatives in, X, 587.
mills, in South Carolina, II,
107.
mills, increase in, I, liii.
mills, Southern organization
among operatives of, VI, 37.
mills, welfare work in, X,
591.
new regions of its production
sought after, V, 200.
over-production of, VI, 93.
picking, winter, an economic
crime, X, 613.
planting, history of, in the
South, V, 197 et seq.
prices of, "fixed" on the ex-
changes, VI, 410.
producing states, new, VI, 15.
production of, I, 1.
production of, E. A. Smith's
report on, VI, 14.
production of, in the South,
V, 211, 396; VI, 87 et seq.
INDEX.
49
Cotton production, its drift
Westward, VI, 15.
raised on credit, V, 315.
ratio of its production by
whites and blacks, VI, 15.
recent shipments of, VI, 365.
results of its high price dur-
ing the war, VI, 88.
shipments of, to Germany,
VI, 355.
sea island, introduced into
South Carolina, V, 200.
Southern monopoly of its sup-
ply, V, 387, 390.
Southwestern production of,
V, 204.
spread of its cultivation, V,
202.
staple article of trade during
war, III, 406.
states, factory development in,
V, 318 et seq.
Sully's attempt to corner, VI,
575.
supplants indigo in South
Carolina, V, 182.
supremacy of, IV, 525.
supremacy of, over tobacco,
V, 163, 164.
tax in Alabama, II, 294.
trade discussion, VII, 179.
trade, unparalleled recovery
in, VI, 352.
trade, increase of, its causes,
V, 387.
value of, to the South, IX,
409.
Western expansion of its cul-
ture, V, 204.
whites produce more of, than
negroes, VI, 21.
"Cotton Boll, The," by Timrod,
VII, 22.
Cotton Duck Corporation,
United States, VI, .88.
"Cotton is King," IV, 526.
"Cotton is King," by Christy,
VII, 184.
Cotton Manufacturers' Associ-
ation, The, and compulsory
school attendance of child-
ren, X, 591.
"Cotton Mills of South Caro-
lina," II, 107.
Cotton Oil Company, Southern,
VI, 290.
Cotton-seed, improved by farm-
ers' demonstration work, X,
612.
industry, in South Carolina,
II, 106.
meal, as fertilizer and feed,
VI, 99.
new uses for, VI, 98.
oil, its manufacture domiciled
in the South, VI, 258, 260.
oil industry, rise of, VI, 98.
oil, manufacture of, V, 321,
327; VI, 258, 260, 289 et seq.
oil, monopoly of, VI, 577.
oil, states manufacturing, VI,
260.
use of, as a fertilizer, V, 82.
Cotton States Exposition, II,
235.
"Cotton Supply Association of
Great Britain," V, 388.
Council of Safety, a Reconstruc-
tion secret society, IV, 621.
Council, William Hooper, edu-
cator, life of, XI, 232; refer-
ence to, VII, 112.
Country Bank Security Com-
pany, VI, 428.
Country church, the, and spir-
itual life on the farms, X,
613.
"Country Gentleman, A," by
Kennedy, VIII, 127.
Country homes, isolation of, X,
666.
Country schools, improvement
of needed, X, 603, 604.
County seats, Southern, VI, 607.
Couper, William, sculptor, life
of, XI, 232.
"Courier," edited by Wagner,
VII, 481.
"Courier du Vendredi, Le,"
(Friday Courier), VII, 420.
"Course d' Analyse Mathema-
tique," by Goursat, translated
by Hedrick, VII, 219.
Courtenay, E. H., educator, VII,
204.
Courtenay, W. A., work on
Charleston history, VII, 515.
Courts of Justice, writings on,
by Robinson.
Cowpeas, cultivation of, V, 228,
239; VI, 121.
50
INDEX.
Cowpens, S. C., battle of, Amer-
icans defeat British at, 1781,
IV, 81.
Cox, B. D., assassination of, in
Kentucky, I, 321.
Cox, Samuel S., on Benjamin's
style, IX, 56.
Coxe, Daniel, his description of
Southern pearl resources, V,
271.
Crab-grass, Southern hay crop,
VI, 120.
Craddock, Charles Egbert. See
Murfree, Mary Noailles.
Craighead, Edwin Boone, edu-
cator, life of, XI, 234.
Craighead, Erwin, journalist,
life of, XI, 234.
Craighead, Thomas B., X, 224;
president of Davidson Acad-
emy, X, 225.
Cralle, Richard K., author, life
of, XI, 234.
Cranch, Cristopher Pearce,
painter and poet, life of, XI,
235; reference to, X, 680.
Craven, Charles, routs the Yem-
assees, II, 12.
Crawford, George W., chairman
of the Georgia secession
convention, II, 174.
Crawford, Nathaniel Macon, ed-
ucator, life of, XI, 235.
Crawford, Thomas, commis-
sioned to make Washington
monument for Richmond, X,
684.
Crawford, William Harris,
statesman, life of, XI, 236.
plan of for solution of Indian
problems of the South, IV,
196.
Credit, agricultural, in the
South, V, 457; VI, 420.
basis of public land sales, V,
70, 71.
new basis of operating, VI,
346.
prices made higher by, VI,
423.
security for, V, 459.
system, evils of, V, 402.
"Credit Mobilier" scandal, IV,
619.
Credits, fluctuations in, V, 435.
"Creed," by Townsend, VII, 324.
Creek Indians, characteristics
of, V, 23, 24; X, 159.
effect of missionaries on, IV,
^430.
in Alabama, X, 20.
in Georgia, II, 159.
in Mississippi, II, 366.
in Tennessee, II, 462.
terms made with, by Andrew
Jackson, IV, 432.
their fifty towns and six lan-
guages, V, 23.
treaty with, IX, 194.
war ended by Andrew Jack-
son, IV, 432.
war with, V, 23.
Creole dialect of Southern ne-
gro, VII, 64.
Creole negroes, French influence
on speech of, VII, 65.
Creole sugar cane, V, 186.
Creoles, the, give the tone to
New Orleans, X, 61.
Cresap, Michael, merchant and
Indian fighter, life of, XI,
237.
"Crescent, The," Walt Whitman
as editor, VII, 428.
Creswell, Julia Pleasants, au-
thor, life of, XI, 237.
Crevasses and overflows, their
damage to the sugar indus-
try, VI, 81.
Crimean War, effects of, on the
United States, IV, 296.
Criminal labor in Virginia, I, 52.
"Crisis, The; or Essays on the
Usurpation of the Federal
Government," by Turnbull,
VII, 193.
Crittenden, George Bibb, gen-
eral, life of, XI, 237.
in the Civil War, I, 293.
Crittenden, John Jordan, lawyer
and statesman, life of, XI,
238.
share in territorial govern-
ment of Arkansas, III, 282.
Crittenden, Thomas Leonidas,
soldier, life of, XI, 239.
Crittenden, Thomas Theodore,
lawyer and politician, life of,
XI, 240.
"Croatan," only clue to the Ro-
anoke colony, I, 7.
INDEX.
51
Crockett, David, pioneer politi-
cian and soldier, life of, XI,
241.
"Autobiography," VII, 73.
fights for homestead legisla-
tion, V, 72.
killed at the Alamo, III, 364.
portrait, facing, III, 362.
rural type of statesman, VII,
275.
settles in Tennessee, II, 488.
writes a "Life of Van Buren,"
II, 495.
Croghan, George, soldier, life
of, XI, 242.
Cromwell, Oliver, establishes
commonwealth, IV, 8.
defied in Virginia, IX, 2.
Cromwellian period in England,
animosities springing from,
X, 213.
Crop-lien system, VI, 8, 9, 20,
93, 96.
its revolutionary influence,
VI, 346, 421.
Crop mortgages, V, 457 et
seq.
Cropping systems, VI, 90, 93,
96.
Crops, best rotation of, VI, 111.
earliest rotation of, V, 81.
early Virginia, I, 57.
European, slowly adopted in
America, V, 219.
expansive, V, 153.
farm, comparative value of
Southern, VI, 641.
farm, relative Southern, pro-
_ duction of, VI, 636.
improved by experiment sta-
^tion work, VI, 474.
increased diversification of,
VI, 69.
intensive, V, 153.
intertilled, VI, 109.
marketing, new methods of,
VI, 422.
most rapid growth of areas of,
VI, 18.
rotation of, neglected, V, 154,
156.
staple, increase of, per acre,
VI, 24.
Cross, Jane Tandy Chinn, au-
thor, life of, XI, 243.
Crossen, Thomas M., in the
Civil War, I, 486.
Crowe, James R., founder of
Ku Klux Klan, II, 531.
"Crow's Nest," by Harrison,
VIII, 409.
Crozat, Antoine, and the Louis-
iana grant, III, 88.
granted charter to Alabama
colonies, II, 252.
trade monopoly of, III, 339.
Crozet, Claude, "Arithmetic for
Schools and Colleges, An,"
yn, 201.
Cruises of the "Sumter" and the
"Alabama," by Semmes, VII,
109.
Cruse, Mary Ann, author, life
of, XI, 243.
"Crystal," by Lanier, VII, 49.
Cuba, acquisition urged by the
South, V, 389.
annexation of, to the United
States, IV, 251.
cause of war with Spain, 1898,
IV, 649.
filibustering expedition to,
1849, IV, 252.
filibustering expeditions to,
1850-1860, IV, 295.
increased trade with, after
Spanish-American war, VI,
383.
relations of, with United
States, IV, 649.
restored to Spain by Great
Britain, X, 132.
Spanish duty on foreign
goods brought to, VI, 380.
Culberson, Charles Anderson,
lawyer and politician, life of,
XI, 243.
Cullmann, Ala., founded by Ger-
man of that name, X, 149.
Culpeper, Thomas, Lord, and
his daughter Katherine,
grantees of lands of North-
ern Neck, X, 65; IX, 3.
and Shenandoah Valley Eng-
lish settlers, X, 105.
surrenders grant in Virginia,
I, 33.
Culpepper, John, resists enforce-
ment of navigation laws in
North Carolina, I, 427; IV,
28.
INDEX.
Cultivation, areas of, in the
South, VI, 17-19.
expansion, its area, V, 40 et
seq.
farm, great increase of, VI, 18.
Cultivated and refined negroes,
increase of, X, 183.
Cultural influence of college
presidents from New Eng-
land, VII, 312.
Cumberland College, formerly
Davidson Academy, changed
to University of Nashville,
X, 225.
Cumberland Mountains, for
whom named, II, 465.
Cumberland Plateau, V, 8, 9.
Cumberland Presbyterians, and
the theological seminary at
Lebanon, Tenn., X, 313.
break away from their breth-
ren, X, 457.
Cumberland road, its great
service, V, 347.
Cumberland settlement, II, 469.
Cumberland University, X, 204,
336, 341.
Gumming, Alfred, governor of
Utah, life of, XI, 244.
at Missionary Ridge, II, 197.
Cunningham, Anna Pamela, and
the Mount Vernon Ladies'
Association, X, 624.
Cunnyngham, W. G. E., work of
in Sunday schools, X, 498.
Currency, Act of 1707, IV, 35.
bank issues of, V, 447.
best supplied by banking, VI,
418.
colonial and early state, in
the South, V, 442 et seq.
conditions of, in the South
during the Civil War, V, 451.
Confederate, V, 451.
Confederate and state, during
the Civil War, V, 453 et seq.
Confederate irredeemable, im-
portant effects of, V, 673-675.
congressional legislation on,
VI, 416.
Continental, V, 452.
controlled by congress, V,
446.
established by Jefferson, V,
445, 446.
Currency, "greenbacks" not
good, VI, 418.
Hamilton measures concern-
ing, V, 446.
inflated, Benton on, V, 448.
irredeemable, American exam-
ples of, V, 673.
legislation on, effects of, VI,
415-418.
paper, Confederate and Fed-
eral experience with, V, 457.
paper, Jefferson on, V, 673.
paper, rise in price due to,
VI, 257.
problems of, in the South, V,
447 et seq.
problems of, in relation to
Southern economic develop-
ment, VI, 418-420.
question, Calhoun upon the,
IX, 308.
unsatisfactory system in col-
onies, IV, 36.
used in colonies, IV, 36.
"wildcat," V, 448.
Curriculum and equipment of
medical colleges, X, 306.
Curry, Jabez Lamar Monroe,
lawyer and educator, life of,
XI, 245.
and the Southern Education
Board, X, 391.
career as educator, VII, 124,
126; X, 291, 515.
"Civil History of the Con-
federacy, The," VII, 107.
Curtis, Moses A., writings on
botany, VII, 249.
Curtis, S. R., in Civil War, III,
310.
Gushing, Jonathan P., professor
at Hampden Sidney, VII, 307.
Custis, George Washington
Parke, author, life of, XI, 246.
interest in sheep breeding, V,
249.
Customs, collected on ad valo-
rem basis, IV, 367.
Customs taxes, surrendered by
states to the Federal gov-
ernment, V, 68.
Cutler, "Lizzie Petit, author, life
of, XI, 247.
Cuyler, John M., army surgeon,
life of, XI, 247.
Cypress, abundance of, V, 260.
INDEX.
53
D
Dabney, Charles William, con-
sul, life of, XI, 248.
Dabney, Charles William, chem-
ist, educator, life of, XI, 248.
and the Southern Education
Board, X, 391.
economist, VI, 549; X, 353.
Dabney, Richard, poet, life of,
XI, 249.
"Youth and Age," VII, 12.
Dabney, Richard Heath, histo-
rian and educator, life of, XI,
249.
economist, VI, 549.
Dabney, Robert Lewis, clergy-
man and author, life of, XI,
250.
influence as a preacher, IX,
141.
Dabney, Virginius, author, life
of, XI, 251.
Dade, Major, and his command
destroyed by Indians, X, 165.
Dagg, John Leadley, Baptist
clergyman, X, 515.
Dairying, improved methods of,
due to experiment stations,
VI, 475.
limited in the South, V, 251.
revolutionized, VI, 147.
Southern statistics of, V,
552; VI, 148.
spread of, VI, 23.
Dalcho, Frederick, clergyman
and author, life of, XI, 251.
Dale, Richard, naval officer, life
of, XI, 252.
Dale, Samuel, pioneer, life of,
XI, 253.
Dale, Sir Thomas, and the
Virginia colony, I, 16; X, 97.
"Dale's Laws," V, 130.
Dallas, Tex., packing industry
in, III, 427.
"Dallas News," Belo editor of,
VII, 412.
Dancing Rabbit, treaty of,
Choctaws cede lands to the
United States, IV, 434.
Dandridge, Danske, poet, life of,
XI, 254.
Daniels of Virginia, the, XI, 254.
Daniel, John, life of, XI, 254.
Daniel, John Moncure, planter,
life of, XI, 254.
Daniel, John Moncure (2), edi-
tor, life of, XI, 255.
editor of "Richmond En-
quirer," VII, 472.
Daniel, John Warwick, lawyer,
soldier and senator, life of,
XI, 255.
"Attachments," VII, 335.
"Negotiable Instruments,"
VII, 335.
Daniel, Peter Vivian, jurist, life
of, XI, 256.
Daniel, Raleigh Travers, lawyer,
life of, XI, 256.
Daniel, Raleigh Travers, Jr.,
lawyer and soldier, life of,
XI, 256.
Daniel, Robert, proprietary gov-
ernor of North Carolina, I,
431.
Daniel, William C., surgeon,
VII, 363.
Daniels, John, scientist, VII,
236.
Dannelly, James, influence as a
preacher, IX, 140.
Darby, John T., on South Car-
olina Women's Red Cross
work, X, 625.
Dare, Virginia, baptism of, on
Roanoke Island, X, 454.
first white child born in
America, I, 6; VII, 55.
Dargan, Edmund Spann, judge
and congressman, life of, XI,
257.
Dargan, Olive Tilford, play-
wright, life of, XI, 258; ref-
erence to, X, 637.
Darien, Ga., burning of, II, 191.
Dates of establishment of lead-
ing Southern newspapers,
VII, 426.
Daughters of the American Rev-
olution, The, activity of
Southern women in, X, 635.
Daughters of the Confederacy,
X, 653.
INDEX.
Davidson, author of "Living
Writers of the South," VII,
36.
Davidson, John, in the Revolu-
tion, IX, 29.
Davidson, R. J., chemist, VII,
228.
Davidson Academy, changed to
Cumberland College, X, 225.
Davidson College, North Caro-
lina, X, 200.
Davie, William Richardson, sol-
dier and politician, life of,
XI, 258.
in the Revolution, IX, 29.
Davies, James, preacher in Vir-
ginia, IX, 6.
Davies, Samuel D., author, life
of, XI, 259.
career as a preacher, IX, 130.
organizes Virginia Presbyte-
rians, X, 471.
represents cause of Virginia
dissenters to Bishop of
London, X, 472.
Virginia's debt to, in behalf
of religious liberty, X, 472.
Davies, Thomas J., manufac-
tures fire-brick, X, 700.
Daviess, Joseph H., first appear-
ance before the Supreme
Court described, IX, 121.
influence as a lawyer, IX, 121.
Davis, E. J., governor of
Texas, III, 423.
in the Civil War, III, 414.
Davis, E. W., educator, VII,
216.
Davis, George, author, life of,
XI, 259.
Davis, Henry Gassaway, capi-
talist, life of, XI, 260.
Davis, Henry Winter, eulogized
by congress, I, 212.
Davis, James, publisher of
"North Carolina Gazette,"
VII, 470.
Davis, James B., first importer
of Angora goats, V, 250.
sent to Turkey to experiment
on cotton, V, 250.
Davis, Jefferson, statesman,
life of, XI, 260.
a typical statesman, X, 34, 35.
captured near Irwinville, Ga.,
II, 217.
Davis, Jefferson, disappointed
by England and deceived by
Napoleon, V, 391.
economic advocacy, V, 572.
"Farewell Address to the Sen-
ate," II, 410; text of, IX, 412.
his great plantation, V, 114.
home of converted into Con-
federate museum, X, 631.
letter to Martin Van Buren,
facing, XI, 262.
makes more judicious selec-
tions of military commanders
than does President Lincoln,
IV, 507.
offered command of expedi-
tion to free Cuba, 1849, IV,
252.
opposes Clay Compromise, II,
402.
oratorical style, IX, 54.
portrait, facing, IX, 54.
president of the Confederate
States, II, 289, 411.
receives command of Missis-
sippi troops in Mexican War,
IV, 274; II, 390.
treatment of, in captivity, IV,
521.
withdraws from Senate, IX,
54.
Davis Memorial, the, Rich-
mond, Va., facing, XI, 260.
women's share in, X, 680.
Davis, John A. G., succeeds
Lomax in University of Vir-
ginia, X, 335.
Davis, Joseph, great plantation
of, V, 114.
Davis, Joseph Emory, lawyer
and planter, life of, XI, 265.
Davis, L. C., influence as a
preacher, IX, 140.
Davis, Mary Evelyn Moore,
author, life of, XI, 266.
"An Elephant's Track," VII,
323.
"At War Times at La Rose
Blanche," VII, 323.
"My Love Went Sailing
O'er the Sea," VII, 324.
"Pere Dagobert," VII, 324.
"Throwing the Wanga," VII,
324.
INDEX.
55
Davis, Mary Evelyn Moore,
"Under the Man-Fig," VII,
323
"Wire Cutters, The," VII, 323.
Davis, Noah Knowles, educator,
life of, XI, 267.
portrait, facing, VII, 266.
works of, VII, 267.
Davis, Reuben, lawyer, life of,
XI, 268.
Davis, Thomas Edward, soldier
and journalist, life of, XI,
269.
Davis, Varina Anne Jefferson
("Winnie"), daughter of Jef-
ferson D., life of, XI, 269.
monument at Hollywood,
Richmond, Va., X, 630.
Davis, Varina Howell, wife of
Jefferson D., life of, XI, 270.
memorial window at Biloxi,
Miss., X, 680.
Dawson, Francis Warrington,
journalist and author, life of,
XI, 271.
Dawson, Francis Warrington,
Jr., novelist and journalist,
life of, XI, 272.
Dawson, John E., influence as a
preacher, IX, 138.
Dawson, N. H. R., commis-
sioner of education, VII, 112.
Day, David T., on the develop-
ment and economic influence
of petroleum and natural gas
in the Southern States, VI,
186 et seq.
"Dead Towns of Georgia," by
Jones, VII, 101.
Dearborn, failure of campaign
of, IV, 266.
Death rate, comparative South-
ern and Northern, VI, 626.
decline of in Southern cities,
VI, 625.
high, among tenants in the
South, VI, 596.
in the South, V, 645.
negro, 50 per cent, in excess
of white, VI, 625.
De Bore, Etienne, made first
considerable crop of sugar
in Louisiana, V, 186.
De Bow, James Dunwoody
Brownson, editor, life of,
XI, 272.
De Bow, James Dunwoody
Brownson, able statistician,
V, 548._
economic themes, VI, 546.
"Industrial Resources, Etc., of
the Southern and Western
States," V, ix.
on death and disablement of
freed negro laborers, VI, 4.
work as an economist, VII,
174.
De Bow's "Commercial Review
of the South and West,"
founding of, IV, 183.
on failure of imported sugar
cane, V, 189.
on slavery, III, 124.
quoted, III, 119; VII, 177, 455,
460.
Debt, national, extinction of,
result of, IV, 378.
extinguished, 1835, IV, 378.
Debts, state, increase of, under
carpetbag rule, VI, 10.
problem of meeting, VI, 334.
Decatur, Stephen, makes first
prize in war with France, IV,
260.
Decker, Thomas, murdered with
his German settlement by
savages at Decker's Creek,
W. Va., X, 148.
settles in West Virginia, I,
338.
Declaration of Independence,
The, IV, 70.
first step towards its passage,
IV, 71.
Georgia signers of, II, 146.
its limitations, IX, 250.
prelude to the French Revo-
lution, X, 209.
product of the South, IX, 89.
text of, III, 465.
written by Jefferson, VII, 189.
Declaration of Paris, United
States declines to agree to
terms of, IV, 296.
Declaration of Rights, Mary-
land adopts, 1776, IV, 72.
passed by North Carolina,
1788, IV, 133.
Declaratory Act of 1766, IV, 52.
Deems, Charles Force, clergy-
man, life of, XI, 273.
educator, VII, 151; X, 526.
56
INDEX.
Deer, first protection law for, in
Virginia, V, 264.
numerous in parts of the
South, VI, 170.
Defectives, care and treatment
of, in the South, X, 597.
De Kalb, Baron, marches to
relief of Charleston, IV, 78.
death of, IV, 79.
Delaware, provides separate
schools for colored race,
X, 249.
Delaware, Lord, plants a vine-
yard in Maryland, V, 240.
Delawarr or Delaware, Baron,
see West, Thomas.
De Leon, Thomas Cooper,
journalist and author, life of,
XI, 274.
Delery, Charles, dramatist, VII,
317.
"Deliverance, The," by Glasgow,
VIII, Ixiii.
"Delta, The," edited by Henry
Lurden Flash and Alexander
Walker, VII, 428.
De Lima, see Luna, Tristan de.
Dembitz, Lewis N., lawyer, X,
562.
Demerara, sugar canes brought
from, V, 188.
"Democracy in America," by
De Tocqueville, quoted, IX,
103.
Democracy, of Jackson, IV, 344.
Democracy, of Jefferson, IV,
344.
"Democrat, The," Lafcadio
Hearn, editor, VII, 428.
Democratic Convention of 1896,
IV, 351.
Democratic Party, platform of
1896, IV, 360.
vote of, 1832-1840, IV, 325.
vote of, 1844-1856, IV, 328.
Democratic, politics of seceded
states, IV, 632.
Democratic-Republican Party,
IV, 342.
Demonstration methods in the
common schools, X, 377.
Denmark, famous stallion, V,
246; VI, 137.
Denominational colleges and
universities in the South, X,
249.
Denny, Collins, minister and
educator, life of, XI, 275.
Denny, George Hutcheson,
educator, life of, XI, 275.
Department of Agriculture,
United States, helpful to
Southern farmers, X, 374.
Derbigny, Pierre Auguste
Charles Bourisgay, jurist,
life of, XI, 276.
De Richebourg's settlement in
Virginia, X, 98.
De Rossets of North Carolina,
the, XI, 277.
De Rosset, Armand John, life
of, XI, 277.
De Rosset, Armand John, (2)
physician, life of, XI, 277.
writings on "Pestilential
Fever," VII, 363.
De Rosset, Frederick Ancrum,
clergyman, life of, XI, 278.
De Rosset, Moses John, life of,
XI, 278.
De Rosset, Moses John, 3rd,
physician, life of, XI, 278.
Derry, Joseph T., on Georgia in
the Confederacy, II, 171.
De Saussure, Henry William,
jurist, life of, XI, 278.
De Saussure, Wilmot Gibbs,
soldier, life of, XI, 279.
"Description of Yellow Fever,
A," by John Lining, VII, 357.
Deserters from Confederate
Army, V, 149.
Desnouettes, Lefebvre, a Napo-
leonic exile, X, 124.
De Soto, see Soto, De.
D'Estaing, Count, comes to the
aid of Georgians, II, 149.
"Destruction and Reconstruc
tion," by Taylor, VII, 323.
De Tocqueville, Alexis, o'v
American institutions, IV,
338.
"Development and Evolution,* 1
by Baldwin, VII, 268.
Development of English
Studies, VII, 133.
Development of religious lib-
erty in the South, X, 465.
"Development of the Periodic
Law," by Venable, VII, 231.
INDEX.
De Vere, Maximilian Schele, ed-
ucator and author, life of, XI,
280.
Dew, Thomas Roderick, educa-
tor and author, life of, XI,
280.
economist, V, 568; VII, 174.
on slavery question, VII, 183.
Dewey, Davis R., on banking in
the South, V, 461 et seq.; VI,
426 et seq.
Dexter, Andrew, founds Mont-
gomery, Ala., II, 274.
"Diamond Necklace" affair in
French history, IX, 12.
"Diary from Dixie," by Mary
Boykin Chestnut, II, 79; X,
555.
Dickinson, J. J., in Civil War,
III, 59.
Dickson, David, planter, life of,
XI, 281.
"Dictionary of Philosophy and
Psychology," by Baldwin,
VII, 268.
"Diligence," the, in North Car-
olina waters, IX, 8.
Dillard, James H., and the
Jeans fund, X, 397; reference
to, VII, 157.
Dimitry, Alexander, educator
and diplomat, life of, XI, 282.
Dimitry, Charles Patton, jour-
nalist and author, life of, XI,
283.
"House on Balfour Street,
The," VII, 322.
Dingley tariff act, the, reaffirms
reciprocity principles, VI,
383; reference to, IV, 375;
VI, 83.
"Dinner Party, A," by Kennedy,
VIII, 148.
Dinnies, Anna Peyre, poet, life
of, XI, 283.
Dinwiddie, Robert, operations
against the French, I, 40;
IV, 42.
Diplomatic relations of the Con-
federacy, IV, 525.
Disciples of Christ, chief prin-
ciples of, X, 462.
influence in the South, X, 430,
431.
"Discourse on the Constitution
and Government of the
United States," by Calhoun,
VII, 194, 331.
"Discovery," the, voyage of, to
Virginia, I, 11.
Diseases, plant and animal, rem-
edied by experiment station
work, VI, 475.
prevalent among Southern
tenant class, VI, 595-598.
relief of, in Southern resorts,
VI, 634.
Dismal Swamp, early surveys
of, VI, 553.
reclamation of land in the, V,
84.
"Disquisition on Government,"
by Coleman, VII, 190, 331.
Dissenters flock to the valley of
Virginia, X, 470.
in Maryland, Georgia and the
Carolinas, X, 467.
Distilleries, Confederate govern-
ment, V, 480.
Distilling, decline of, in Ken-
tucky, VI, 293.
Kentucky second state in, VI,
261.
Distribution, speculative, VI, 405
et seq.
District nursing association and
auxiliary of Birmingham,
Ala., X, 627.
District of Columbia, ceded by
Maryland and Virginia, I,
189.
slavery abolished in, V, 150.
District of Louisiana, III, 101,
197, 273.
Ditching, hillside, land reclama-
tion by, VI, 537.
Divergence of opinion, on theo-
logical and philosophical
matters tolerated in the
churches, X, 464.
Diverse elements in Southern
society, X, 44.
Divorce, almost unknown in
ante-bellum days, X, 661.
city customs conducive to,
X, 671.
rate low, in South, X, 671.
"Dixie," VII, 69, 396.
words by Pike, VII, 29.
58
INDEX.
"Dixie After the War," II, 112.
Dixon, Archibald, politician,
life of, XI, 284.
Dixon, Thomas, Jr., clergyman
and author, life of, XI, 285.
Doak, Samuel, pioneer preacher,
IX, 29; X, 224.
Dobbin, James Cochran, politi-
cian, life of, XI, 285.
Dobbs, Governor, events of ad-
ministration in North Caro-
lina, I, 448.
Docks, municipal, VI, 445.
Doctrinal matters, Southern
conservatism in, X, 320.
Dodd, James B., educator and
writer, VII, 207.
Dodd, William E., on contribu-
tions of the South to eco-
nomic thought and writings,
V, 564 et seq.; VI, 546 et seq.
on the economic influence of
the tariff policy of the
United States in the South,
V, 487 et seq.; VI, 476
et seq.
on the plantation and farm
systems in Southern agri-
culture, V, 73 et seq.
Doddridge, Philip, lawyer and
politician, life of, XI, 286.
Doggett, David S., influence as
a preacher, IX, 148.
Domestic animals, statistics of,
V, 252-254, 256.
Domestic science, taught in
agricultural colleges, VI,
471.
Donelson, Andrew Jackson,
lawyer and diplomat, life of,
XI, 287.
mission to Texas, III, 379.
Donelson, John, expedition in
Tennessee, II, 469.
Doniphan, Alexander William,
soldier, life of, XI, 288.
in the Mexican War, III, 229.
Donchester, S. C., first colony
of New Englanders in
South, VII, 296.
"Doom of the Young Chief,
The," by Simms, VIII, 72.
Dorr, Julia Carolina Ripley,
author, life of, XI, 288.
Dorsey, Sarah Anne, author,
life of, XI, 289.
Doughty, William Henry, sur-
geon, life of, XI, 290.
Douglas, Marcellus, in the Civil
War, II, 187.
Douglas, Stephen A., on admis-
sion of Kansas, I, xlii.
rivalry with Jefferson Davis,
IX, 55.
Douglass, Frederick, autobiog-
raphy, VII, 530.
negro lectures, VII, 530.
"Douglass, Frederick, Life of,"
by Chesnutt, VII, 534.
"Dove," the, expedition to
America, I, 155.
Dow, Lorenzo, Indian mission-
ary, IV, 428.
in Mississippi, II, 368.
preaches in Alabama, II, 266.
Dower, right of, VI, 34.
Dowler, Bennet, physician, life
of, XI, 291.
Downing, Fanny Murdaugh, au-
thor, life of, XI, 291.
Doyle, "English Colonies in
America," cited, X, 109.
Drainage, few attempts at, V, 84.
land reclamation by, VI, 551
et seq.
Drake, Daniel, writer of papers
on medical topics, VII, 365.
Drake, Sir Francis, arrives at
the Roanoke colony, I, 5.
captures St. Augustine, III,
11.
circumnavigates the globe, I,
3.
Drake, Samuel, actor, life of, XI,
292.
Draper, Henry, scientist, life of,
XI, 292.
Draper, John Christopher, phy-
sician, life of, XI, 293.
Draper, John W., scientist, VII,
232.
Draper's Meadows, W. Va., set-
tlement at, I, 39.
Drayton, John, governor and
jurist, life of, XI, 294.
Drayton, Percival, naval officer,
life of, XI, 294.
Drayton, Thomas Fenwick, sol-
dier, life of, XI, 294.
INDEX.
59
Drayton, William, jurist, life of,
XI, 295.
Drayton, William, Jr., soldier,
lawyer, life of, XI, 295.
Drayton, William Henry, states-
man, life of, XI, 295.
first chief justice of South
Carolina, II, 30.
in the Revolution, IX, 26.
"View of South Carolina,"
VII, 176.
"Dreaming in the Trenches," by
McCabe, VII, 30.
"Dreams of a Western Empire,"
by Johnston, VIII, 380.
Dred Scott Decision, X, xviii.
Drew, George F., governor of
Florida, III, 70.
Dromgoole, (Miss) William,
Allen, author, life of, XI, 296.
Drummond, William, proprie-
tary governor of North Car-
olina, I, 425; IV, 11.
Drunkenness declared by an
eighteenth century English
visitor to be "the most strik-
ing characteristic of the
American people," X, 569.
Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt, lec-
turer and author, VII, 111,
525.
"Negroes of the Black Belt,
The," VII, 534.
"Philadelphia Negro, The,"
VII, 534.
"Souls of the Black Folk,
The," VII, 533.
writings of, VII, 527.
Du Bose, William Porcher,
clergyman, life of, XI, 297.
Duck, cotton, monopoly of,
VI, 577.
Dudley, Benjamin Winslow,
physician, life of, XI, 298;
reference to, VII, 364.
Dudley, Thomas Underwood,
bishop, life of, XI, 299.
Dudley, William Lofland, chem-
ist, life of, XI, 300.
mineralogist, VII, 229.
Dueling among editors, VII, 472.
Duels in Missouri, III, 207.
Du Four, Cyprien, lawyer, life
of, XI, 301.
Dugas, Louis Alexander, physi-
cian, life of, XI, 301.
Duggar, Benjamin M., on grass
and forage crop farming in
the South, V, 222-229; VI,
117-124.
Duggar, John Frederick, edu-
cator, life of, XI, 302.
on areas of cultivation in the
South, VI, 17-19.
on changes in the agricultural
methods and plantation sys-
tems of the South, VI, 19 et
seq.
Dugue, Charles Oscar, editor
and author, life of, XI, 302;
reference to, VII, 317.
Duke, Basil W., soldier, life of,
XI, 303.
on Kentucky a part of Vir-
ginia, I, 236.
"Dukesborough Tales," by
Johnston, VII, 86; VIII,
xlviii.
Dulany, Daniel, statesman, life
of, XI, 303.
"Duluth Speech," by Knott, VII,
72.
Dunbar, Paul Laurence, negro
poet, VII, 532; writings of,
VII, 532, 533.
Dunbar, William, explores Ou-
achita River, III, 274.
Duncan, James A., educator,
VII, 126.
Duncan, William Wallace,
bishop, life of, XI, 304.
Dunglison, Robley, his treatise
on human life, V, 645.
Dunkard's Creek, German set-
tlers at, murdered by Indians,
X, 148.
Dunlap, John, editor of "Mary-
land Gazette and Adver-
tiser," VII, 412.
Dunmore, Lord, abandons Vir-
ginia, I, 85; IV, 67.
defeat of, July 9, 1776, IV, 69.
driven to flight by Patrick
Henry, I, 82.
makes war on Virginia, I, 86.
portrait of, facing, I, 82.
tries to stay the tide of rev-
olution, I, 75.
war with, I, 345.
Dunnington, Francis Perry,
chemist, life of, XI, 305;
reference to, VII, 229.
60
INDEX.
Dupont, Gideon, his culture of
rice by water, V, 170.
Du Pratz, Le Page, naturalist,
VII, 242.
Dupuy, Eliza Ann, author, life
of, XI, 305.
Durand, Edward D., on street
railways in the Old South, V,
376 et seq.
on street railways in the
South since the war, VI, 316
et seq.
Durnford, Elias, governor of
Alabama, II, 257.
Durrett, Reuben Thomas, law-
yer and historian, life of, XI,
306.
in the Civil War, I, 291.
Duties, American, on goods
from non-treaty countries,
VI, 380.
Duties, burdensome British, VI,
315.
English, against cotton, V,
385.
Spanish, in the Antilles, VI,
380.
Du Tisne, ascends the Missouri
River, III, 184.
Duval, Isaac Harding, soldier,
life of, XI, 306.
Duval, John Pope, lawyer and
soldier, life of, XI, 307.
Duval, William P., lawyer, gov-
ernor, life of, XI, 308.
territorial governor of Flor-
ida, III, 23.
Duveneck, Frank, artist, life
of, XI, 308.
Dyer, Oliver, on Clay's .ora-
torical style, IX, 99.
Eads, James B., activities in
Florida waterways, III, 77.
Early influences of New Eng-
land culture in the South,
VII, 296.
Early, Jubal Anderson, lawyer
and soldier, life of, XI, 308.
Early negro importations into
America, X, 175.
Earthenware, manufacture of,
VI, 210.
East Big Stone Gap, Wolfe's
pottery at, X, 699.
Eastchurch, Thomas, copes with
Culpepper's rebellion, I, 428.
East Coast Canal, Fla., Ill, 76.
Easter, Marguerite Elizabeth
(Miller), poet, life of, XI,
311.
East Florida, influence of mis-
sionaries in, X, 129.
East Florida Seminary, III, 38.
East Indian Company, I, 8.
English complaints against,
V, 388.
Eastman, Charles A., on the In-
dian population of the South,
V, 21 et seq.
Eastman, Charles A., on the
Indians as a labor factor in
Oklahoma and Indian Ter-
ritory since 1865, VI, 62-65.
Eastman, E. G., editor of "Union
and American," VII, 82.
East Tennessee College, after-
wards East Tennessee Uni-
versity, X, 225.
East, the, broader commercial
policies in, V, 386.
Eaton, John Henry, politician,
life of, XI, 311.
territorial governor of Florida,
III, 31.
Eaton, Thomas, bequest for free
school to Elizabeth City, Va.,
X, 188.
Echols, William H., "Calculus,"
VII, 212.
Economic and political essays in
the ante-bellum South, VII,
173.
and social life of Virginia, I,
46.
development, Southern, activi-
ties of the Federal govern-
ment in, VI, 450 et seq.
INDEX.
61
Economic development, South-
ern, aided by natural condi-
tions and British policy, V,
26-28.
development, Southern, how
affected by United States
treaties and foreign commer-
cial policies, V, 381 et seq.
development, Southern influ-
ence of agricultural fairs and
expositions on, VI, 568.
development, Southern, influ-
ence of real property law in,
VI, 32-35.
development, Southern, influ-
ence of the press in, V, 546-
551; VI, 536-542.
development, Southern, land
reclamation in relation to,
VI, 551 et seq.
development, Southern news-
papers devoted to, VI, 539.
history, Southern, treated in
this work, V, xi.
provinces of the South, V,
405.
South, area of, V, xii, 2.
statistics in the South, V, 563;
VI, 542-545.
system, ill-balanced, V, 316.
thought and writing, contri-
butions of the South to, V,
564 et seq.; VI, 546 et seq.
thought, Southern, since 1865,
VI, 546 et seq.
writing, its decrease in the
South since 1865, VI, 546.
Eden, Robert, last provincial
governor of Maryland, I, 173.
Edenton, N. C., boycott of tea,
I, 464.
Editors, Southern, V, 547 et seq.
Edmonds, Richard Hathaway,
editor, life of, XI, 312.
economic work, VI, 547.
Education, Berkley's speech
against, IX, 1.
Federal aid to, in the South,
VI, 29.
in Alabama, II, 275, 329.
in Arkansas, X, 205.
in Florida, III, 39, 78.
in Georgia, II, 226.
in Kentucky, I, 329.
in Louisiana, III, 175.
in Maryland, I, 228.
Education in Mississippi, II, 397,
454.
in Missouri, III, 251.
in North Carolina, I, 476, 512.
in post-bellum oratory, IX,
84.
in South Carolina, II, 50, 116.
in Tennessee, II, 490, 544.
in Texas, III, 394, 443.
in the South before the war,
X, 196.
in the South, three distinct
lines in, X, 215.
in the Southern colonies, X,
184.
in Virginia, I, 137.
in West Virginia, I, 404.
of girls, X, 194.
of the schools, the, adaptation
of, to life, X, 417.
Southern interest in, X, 285.
work done by early charitable
and social societies, X, 286.
Educational changes wrought by
the war, X, 403.
facilities, I, 1.
field, New England's affect on
Southern, VII, 298.
Educational history of South,
VII, 112.
ideals and tendencies in the
South, X, 398.
institutions before the war,
X, 28.
institutions, historical studies
in, VII, 519.
institutions, libraries in, VII,
508.
machinery of the South par-
alyzed by the war, X, 276.
Edwards, Benjamin, congress-
man, life of, XI, 312.
stirs up an insurrection in
Texas, III, 357.
Edwards, Harry Stillwell, au-
thor, life of, XI, 313.
Edwards, Hayden, colonization
plans in Texas, III, 357.
Edwards, Howard, educator,
VII, 127.
Edwards, John, senator, life of,
XI, 313.
Effect of demonstration work
on the farmer, X, 609.
Eggleston, George Gary, author,
life of, XI, 314.
INDEX.
Elder, Susan Blanchard, author,
life of, XI, 315.
Electric lighting, municipal, VI,
444.
railway, first in America built
in Baltimore, I, 221.
street car line, the first, X,
654.
Electricity, application of, to
street railways, VI, 318.
early development of, IX, 303.
used for power in cotton mills,
VI, 296.
Elementary education in the
South, X, 282.
development since the war,
X, 288.
"Elementary Ethics," by Davis,
VII, 267.
"Elements of Analytic Geome-
try," by Hassler, VII, 204.
"Elements of Criticism," by
Kame, VII, 116.
"Elements of Deductive Logic,"
by Davis, VII, 267.
"Elements of Geometry," by
Hassler, VII, 203.
"Elements of Geometry," by
Venable, VII, 210.
"Elements of Inductive Logic,"
by Davis, VII, 267.
"Elements of Mechanical Phil-
osophy," by Rogers, VII, 236.
"Elements of Psychology," by
Baldwin, VII, 268.
"Elements of Psychology," by
Davis, VII, 267.
Elena, Santa, settlement of, in
Alabama, II, 250.
"Elene," version of, by Garnett,
VII, 131.
"Elene," edited by Kent, VII, 131.
"Elephant's Track, An," by
Davis, VII, 323.
Elevators, grain, control of, by
trade combinations, VI, 577.
Eleventh Amendment, adoption
of, IV, 323.
Elizabeth Female Academy, of
Mississippi, II, 377; X, 276.
Elizabeth, (Hagerstown), Md.,
papers in, VII, 412.
Elizabeth, Queen, interest in
colonization in America, I, 2.
Elk, exterminated in Southern
regions, V, 264.
Elkins, Stephen Benton, politi-
cian, life of, XI, 316.
Elkins act of 1903, VI, 460.
Ellett, "Women of the Revolu-
tion," X, 623.
Ellicott, Andrew, surveys Mis-
sissippi line, II, 357.
Ellinjay, Louise, author, life of,
XI, 316.
Elliot, Bishop, on William
Meade, X, 522.
Elliott, Benjamin, lawyer and
author, life of, XI, 317.
Elliott, Sarah Barnwell, author,
life of, XI, 317.
Elliott, Stephen, soldier, life of,
XI, 318.
Elliott, Stephen, author of
"Sketch of the Botany of
South Carolina and Georgia,"
VII, 247.
Elliott, William, soldier and
congressman, life of, XI, 319.
account of fisheries in "Car-
olina Sports," V, 270.
Ellis, A. Caswell, educator, life
of, XI, 320.
Ellis, Henry, lieutenant gover-
nor of Georgia, II, 136.
Ellis, John Willis, statesman,
life of, XI. 320.
governor of North Carolina,
I, 487.
Ellis, Powhatan, judge and sen-
ator, life of, XI, 321.
Ellis, William T., X, 513, 507.
Eloquence, Thomas B. Reed's
definition of, IX, 85.
El Paso, in early days, III, 335.
Ely, Richard T., economist, VI,
547.
Elzas, Barnett A., on the Jews
of South Carolina, VII, 112;
X, 554.
Elzey, Arnold, in the Civil War,
II, 175.
Emancipation, completed by the
Thirteenth Amendment, V,
150.
decline of the Black Belt and
development of white dis-
tricts after, VI, 13.
effects of, on the South, V,
676.
legal, V, 149.
INDEX.
63
Emancipation, Proclamation of,
IV, 538; V, 150.
Proclamation of, text of, III,
463.
schemes of, V, 87.
Virginians eager for, X, xxii.
Embargo, the, damages Ameri-
can commerce and shipping,
V, 383.
disastrous to tobacco planters,
V, 163.
injury of, to cotton growing,
V, 202.
Emigrants, Southern, distribu-
tion of, in the North and
West, VI, 612.
Emigration, Southern, decrease
of, since the war, VI, 610.
objective points of, VI, 611.
to the North and West, V,
620-624; VI, 610-614.
Emmet, J. P., educator, VII, 223.
Emmons, Ebenezer, geologist,
life of, XI, 321.
Emory, John, bishop, life of, XI,
322.
Emory, Robert, educator, life
of, XI, 323.
Emory, William Hernsley, sol-
dier, life of, XI, 324.
Emory and Henry College, Vir-
ginia, VII, 142, 308; X, 199.
Emory College, X, 519.
Employees, bonding of, VI,
437.
Employer and employee, no an-
tipathy between, possible, X,
668.
"Enforcement Act" of 1870, IV,
611.
England and manufacturing en-
terprises, X, 210.
debt incurred by, for colonies,
IV, 43.
first interest in America, I, 2.
gifts of, to Southern institu-
tions, VII, 477.
Southern commercial reci-
procity with, V, 316.
England, John, bishop, life of,
; XI, 324; reference to, X,
537.
English ballads, survival of,
among mountaineers, VII.
58.
English Bible courses in South-
ern theological seminaries,
X, 321.
chair in .Randolph Macon
College, VII, 123.
chair in University of North
Carolina, VII, 123.
chair in University of Vir-
ginia, VII, 120.
claims to Atlantic Coast, IV,
2.
colonies in America, Doyle's
remarks on Southern society
in, X, 109.
constitution, writings on, by
Taylor, VII, 336.
custom, impress of, in New
England and the South, X,
112.
historical work of, by Jeffer-
son, VII, 119.
influences in the South, X, 47.
in Johns Hopkins Univer-
sity, VII, 132.
literature in Louisiana, VII,
321.
merchants seize Spanish trade,
IV, 2.
new center of influence in
Vanderbilt, VII, 130.
revolution, effect of on Vir-
ginia, I, 34; X, 468.
scholars at Randolph Macqn
College taking chairs in
other institutions, VII, 127.
scholarship plan in some
Southern states, X, 301.
school of, at Randolph Macon
College, VII, 123.
ships, greatest slave-carriers
in the world, X, 175.
studies, development of, VII,
133, 134.
studies in the South, VII, 115.
studies in Virginia, VII, 118.
writers in Louisiana, III, 180.
Environment, influence of, in in-
tellectual life, VII, 276.
Epes, John D., VII, 127.
"Epictetus," translated by Long,
VII, 137.
Epidemics, disappearance of,
VI, 609.
Epileptics, need of institutions
for, in the South, X, 600.
64
INDEX.
Episcopal High School, VII,
167.
Episcopal church, the, ideals
held up to Americans by, X,
455.
in South Carolina, II, 20.
in the South, IX, 142; X, 430,
431.
Episcopal intolerance in Mary-
land, X, 466.
theological seminaries at Al-
exandria, Va., and Sewanee,
Tenn., X, 431.
Eppes, John Wailes, congress-
man, life of, XI, 325.
Epworth League, The, and the
Southern Methodists, X, 43.
Equal suffrage association not
favored by Southern women,
X, 635.
Era of good feeling, X, 21.
Erie Canal, advantages of, to
New York, V, 409.
opening of, V, 341.
Erskine College, South Carolina,
X, 202, 251.
Errendsberg, Rev., first German
minister in Texas, X, 144.
"Essai Historique sur la Louis-
iane," by Gayarre, VII, 317.
"Essay on Liberty and Slavery,
An," by Bledsoe, VII, 185.
"Essays and Studies," by Gil-
dersleeve, VII, 140.
"Essays, Moral and Philosoph-
ical," by Tucker, VII, 263.
Established Church, the, in Vir-
ginia, X, 457.
Estabrook, Joseph, president of
East Tennessee College,
VII, 304.
Estimate of Southern writers
by London "Westminster
Review," VII, 80.
Etheridge, Emerson, statesman,
life of, XI, 325.
"Ethnogenesis," by Timrod,
VII, 22.
Ethnological studies of South,
VII, 112.
Europe, colonial exports to, V,
394.
early exports to, V, 338.
European influences in the
South, X, 44.
Eutaw Springs, S. C., battle of,
British defeat at, 1781, IV, 82.
Evangelism, chair of, in South-
western Baptist Seminary,
Waco, Tex., X, 322.
Evangelists, large proportion of,
in all denominations in the
South, X, 319.
Evans, Clement Anselm, soldier,
minister and author, life of,
XI, 325.
and prayers in camp, X, 513.
leads final charge of troops
in Virginia, II, 216.
Evans, Lawton B., on Georgia
in the new nation, II, 218.
Evans, Robley Dunglison, naval
officer, life of, XI, 326.
Eve, Joseph Adams, physician,
life of, XI, 327.
Eve, Paul Fitzsimmons, sur-
geon, life of, XI, 327.
article on surgery, VII, 364.
Everett, A. H., president of Jef-
ferson College, VII, 310.
Everett, Edward, and Univer-
sity of Virginia, X, 56.
"Evolution," by Le Conte, VII,
266.
Ewell, Benjamin Stoddert, sol-
dier and educator, life of,
XI, 327.
Ewell, Richard Stoddert, sol-
dier and general, life of,
XI, 328.
Ewing, Robert, editor, life of,
XI, 330.
Exchange, principles of, in
trade, VI, 573.
Exchanges, cotton, sales on, VI,
407.
speculation on, VI, 574 et seq.
Excise, abolition of, by Jeffer-
son, IV, 376.
Expansion, spirit of, I, xxvii.
territorial, its relation to the
Civil War, V, 666.
Experiment stations, Federal,
VI, 473-476.
state, VI, 118.
Exportation, forbidden by the
Confederate government, V,
481.
Exports, American, by states,
table of, V, 395.
INDEX.
65
Exports and imports, domestic,
tables of, V, 397.
causes of decline in, V, 384.
early, V, 338.
expansion in, V, 385.
South the great center of, V,
398.
Southern, leading factors in
growth of, VI, 354.
Southern, through Northern
ports, V, 407.
Western, through Southern
ports, VI, 354.
Exposition, Atlanta, VI, 569,
571
Jamestown, VI, 569, 572.
New Orleans, VI, 569.
South Carolina and West In-
dian, VI, 569, 572.
Tennessee Centennial, VI,
569, 572.
Expositions, at St. Louis, VI,
570.
development of, VI, 569.
Expositions, influence of, VI,
568.
Southern Agricultural, V, 586
et seq.; VI, 568 et seq.
"Exposition of the Laws of
Latin Grammar," by Harri-
son, VII, 140.
Express Company, Adams,
aided by rebuilding of rail-
roads, VI, 307, 312.
American, VI, 313.
Pacific, VI, 312.
Southern, its monopoly of
business, VI, 307, 312.
United States, VI, 312.
Wells Fargo, yi, 312.
Express companies, state super-
vision of, VI, 545.
"Extract from Speech on the
Federal Constitution," by
Henry, IX, 175.
Ezekiel, Moses Jacob, sculptor,
life of, XI, 331; reference to,
X, 564, 680, 686.
Factor, banker to the planter,
VI, 347.
elimination of the, VI, 350.
function of the, V, 398.
profits of the, V, 402.
Factors, commissions of, VI,
348.
cooperation with planters,
VI, 346.
damaged by the war, VI, 345.
dealings with planters, V, 458-
461.
Factories, cotton, capital in-
vested in, VI, 281.
cotton, electric power in, VI,
296.
precarious existence of, in the
Confederacy, V, 480.
steam, erection of, VI, 259.
Factory centers, first large
Southern, V, 322.
Factory development in cotton
states, V, 318 et seq.
Factorage system, ante-bellum
and modern features, VI, 351.
extension of, by the crop lien
system, VI, 346.
5
Factorage system, influence on
Southern agriculture, V, 398;
VI, 345.
interior development of, VI,
348.
new lease of life for, VI, 346.
rate of interest under, VI, 347.
recent period of, VI, 345.
Fagan, James F., in Civil War,
III, 307.
Fairfaxes of Virginia, the, XI,
332.
Fairfax, Donald McNeill, life
of, XI, 334.
and the Northern Neck, X, 66.
patent of, to West Virginia
lands, I, 337.
Fairfax, Thomas, fifth Lord
Fairfax, life of, XI, 333.
Fairfax, Thomas, sixth Lord
Fairfax, life of, XI, 333.
Fairmont coal district, VI, 181.
Fairs and expositions, Southern
agricultural, V, 586 et seq.;
VI, 568 et seq.
66
INDEX.
Fairs, at St. Louis, VI, 570.
"Fairy stones," VII, 60.
Falconer, John, founds Mont-
gomery, Ala., II, 274.
"Fall of the House of Usher,
The," by Poe, VIII, xv, 1.
Fannin, James W., soldier, life
of, XI, 335.
his company massacred by
Santa Anna, III, 364.
Far East, the, American inter-
ests in, V, 385, 386.
Fares, railway passenger, agita-
tion for reduction of, VI,
456-458.
"Farewell Address to the Sen-
ate," speech by Jefferson
Davis, IX, 412.
"Farewell to the Senate," speech
by Toombs, IX, 312.
"Farm and Fireside, The," by
Smith, VII, 86.
Farm literature and demonstra-
tion work, X, 611.
produce, Confederate impress-
ment of, V, 479.
products, distribution of, VI,
405 et seq.
products, fluctuations in price
of, VI, 401.
Farm products, marketing of, V,
307.
stock, loss of, VI, 2.
system in Southern agricul-
ture, V, 73 et seq.
Farmers, ambition of, to become
planters, V, 76.
and farm laborers, in the
South, increase of net earn-
ings of, X, 605.
attitude toward slavery, V, 77.
communications and markets,
V, 74.
cooperative demonstration
work, methods of, X, 375,
603, 606, 607, 610, 613.
homes and products, V, 74.
institute trains, X, 642.
institutes, VI, 471; X, 373.
in the Civil War, V, 79.
migrations of, V, 77, 78.
progress of, VI, 22.
property and status of, V, 76.
relations with planters, V, 79.
Farmers, Southern, instructed
by experiment station work,
VI, 476.
unions, X, 375.
white, economic lead over the
negro, VI, 15.
Farmers' Alliance, cooperation
of, with the Democratic
party, II, 315.
importance in South, VI, 581.
Farmers' movement of 1890, II,
115.
Farmers' Union, the, IX, 83.
Farming, cereal, in the South,
VI, 104 et seq.
intensive, increase of, VI, 68.
intensive, in the North, V, 155.
poor, how it should be treat-
ed, X, 612.
Farms, "one-horse" and "two-
horse," VI, 90.
small, increase of, VI, 13, 89.
Southern, comparative size of,
in 1870 and 1890, VI, 25.
Farmville Female Normal, I,
140.
Farragut, David Glasgow, naval
officer, life of, XI, 336.
at Mobile, II, 291.
naval operations in Alabama,
II, 291; in Louisiana, III,
136; in Mississippi, II, 413.
Farrar, William H., and his pot-
tery, X, 699.
Farrow, Samuel, soldier, life of,
XI, 337.
Faulkner family, the, in West
Virginia, X, 148.
Faulkner, Charles James, law-
yer, life of, XI, 338.
Fauntleroy, Archibald Magill,
surgeon, life of, XI, 339.
Fauntleroy, Thomas Turner,
soldier, life of, XI, 339.
Fauquier, Francis, administra-
tion in Virginia, I, 43.
Fay, Edwin Whitfield, educator,
life of, XI, 340; reference to,
VII, 153.
Fayetteville School, VII, 171.
Federal army, negroes in, V,
151.
army, statistics of, 1861, IV,
504.
INDEX.
Federal constitution, compared
with Confederate constitu-
tion, IV, 487.
government, its activities in
Southern industry and com-
merce, V, 482 et seq.
judiciary, powers of, IV, 481.
prisoners in Southern prisons,
IV, 523.
states, numerical superiority
of, in 1861, IV, 502.
states, wealth of, in 1861, IV,
501.
supremacy, Southern opposi-
tion to, V, 657.
"Federal Practice," by Garland,
VII, 335.
Federalist party, defeat of, IV,
322.
"Federalist, The," the greatest
single agency insuring ratifi-
cation of the constitution,
IV, 129; VII, 192.
Federalists and secession, IV,
478.
"Federalists," letter on, by Har-
per, VII, 195.
Feebleminded, the, lack of in-
'stitutions for in the South,
X, 600.
Fellowship Society and the Nor-
mal School, Charleston, X,
286.
Female College, Georgia, first of
its kind in world, VII, 76.
"Female Writers of the South,"
VII, 36.
Fendelj, Governor, tries to es-
tablish free palatinate in
Maryland, IV, 26.
Fenner, Charles Erasmus, jurist,
life of, XI, 340.
Fenollosa, Mary McNeil ("Sid-
ney McCall"), author, life of,
XI, 341.
Fenton, W. M., in the Civil War,
II, 187.
Fenwick, Benedict Joseph,
bishop, life of, XI, 342.
Fenwick, Edward W., bishop,
life of, XI, 341.
Ferguson, Patrick, at King's
Mountain, I, 470.
"Fernando de Lemos," by Gay-
arre, VII, 322.
Ferry operated by Davidson
Academy at Nashville, X,
227.
Fertilizers, a by-product of the
cottonseed oil industry, VI,
292.
commercial, increased use of,
in the South, VI, 20, 91, 109.
commercial, manufacture of,
VI, 212-214.
commercial, manufacture of,
at Charleston, VI, 537.
commercial, use of, in truck-
^ing, VI, 128.
improved use of, through ex-
periment station work, VI,
474.
official inspection of, VI, 23,
465.
phosphate rock in manufac-
ture of, VI, 292.
production of phosphate rock
in relation to, VI, 211 et seq.
Fetter, Manuel, educator, VII,
150.
Feuds, beginning of, VII, 58.
Few, W. P., educator, VII, 132.
Few, William, Georgia delegate
to constitutional convention,
II, 151.
Ficklen, John Rose, educator
and author, life of, XI, 342.
on territorial limitations of
Louisiana purchase, VII, 95.
Ficklin, Joseph, mathematician
and astronomer, life of, XI,
343.
Fiction, Southern, selections
from, edited by Mims, VIII.
"Field and Fireside," VII, 458.
Field, Eugene, a Missourian, III,
254.
Fifteenth Amendment, provis-
ions of, IV, 349.
"Fifty-four forty or fight," IV,
290, 309.
"Fight at Maldon," version of,
by Garnett, VII, 131.
Filson, John, explorer, life of,
XI, 343.
first historian of Kentucky, I,
254; VII, 104.
Finance, Confederate, V, 494 et
seq.
Southern states, see under
names of states.
r 68
INDEX.
Financial crises in the ante-bel-
lum South, V, 435 et seq.
Findlay, John, a pioneer of Ken-
tucky, I, 242.
"Fingal," the, runs Georgia
blockade, II, 184; renamed
the "Atlanta," and captured,
II, 192.
Finkel, B. F., founder of "The
American Mathematical
Monthly," VII, 214.
Finley, Jesse Johnson, lawyer,
judge and soldier, life of, XI,
344.
Finnegan, General, in Civil War,
III, 57.
Fireside industries and social
settlement work, X, 619.
"Fireside Sketches," by Smith,
VII, 86.
Fire-clay, VI, 209.
Fire hunting, laws concerning,
V, 265.
Fire insurance, see Insurance.
Fish, fresh-water, Southern
yield of, VI, 162.
in the Potomac, described by
Burnaby, V, 267.
species of, taken in the South,
V, 267.
Fisheries, condition of, in the
South, VI, 158 et seq.
conservation of, in the South,
VI, 162.
improved shipping facilities
_for, VI, 158.
in the ante-bellum South, V,
267-271.
Southern, Northern fishermen
employed in, V, 269.
Southern, statistics of, by
states, VI, 159.
yield of, North and South, VI,
159.
Fishermen, numbers of, VI, 159.
Fishing, little in Southern colo-
nies, V, 267.
Fishing Creek, N. C., American
forces defeated at, 1780, IV,"
79.
Fisher, Sidney George, on influ-
ence of Virginians, X, 451.
Figchbach, Peter, governor of
Arkansas, X, 141.
Fisk University, VII, 538.
Fiske, John, on Southern his-
tory, I, xxii.
on the five makers of the na-
tion, X, 451.
on the pirates of North Car-
olina, I, 436.
Fithian's visit to the Northern
Neck, X, 70, 71.
Fitzgerald and Clark School,
VII, 171.
Fitzgerald, Oscar Penn, clergy-
man and educator, life of,
XI, 345.
Fitzhugh, George, sociologist,
life of, XI, 346.
economic writer, V, 575; VII,
185.
Fitzhugh, William, home of, I,
66.
Fitzpatrick, Benjamin, states-
man, life of, XI, 346.
Five Civilized Nations, the, X,
165.
conference with, at Lancaster,
Pa., IV, 10.
government, industry, schools,
etc., VI, 62-65.
"Five Founders of America,"
VII, 326.
Flag, United States, history of
the, IX, 355.
Flaget, Benedict Joseph, bishop,
life of, XI, 347.
Flagler, Henry M., builds rail-
way to Key West, III, 76.
interest in Florida railways
and hotels, III, 72.
Flanagin, Harris, war governor
of Arkansas, III, 311.
Flash, Henry Lynden, poet, life
of, XI, 348.
editor of "The Delta," VII,
428.
Flax, clothing made of, V, 231.
compulsory raising of, V, 229.
convict labor proposed for
raising, V, 230.
cultivated for its seed, VI,
124.
culture, negro labor unfitted
for, V, 231.
culture, spread of, V, 231.
its importance during the
Civil War, V, 233.
INDEX.
69
Flax, production of, in 1870-
1880, VI, 124.
Southern production of, V,
229-235; VI, 124-127.
Flaxseed, production of, VI,
124.
Fleming, A. B., governor of
West Virginia, I, 395.
Fleming, Walter Lynwood,
educator, life of, XI, 348.
historian, VII, 110.
on changes in property values
since Reconstruction, VI,
393-396.
on labor and labor conditions,
VI, 41 et seq.
on Louisiana during War and
Reconstruction, III, 134 et
seq.
on Reconstruction in Ala-
bama, II, 293 et seq.
on the economic conditions
during the Reconstruction,
VI, 1 et seq.
on the economic results of
the Reconstruction, VI, 12
et seq.
on the effect of the Recon-
struction on property values
in the South, VI, 390-393.
on the labor force and labor
conditions, 1861-1865, V, 146
et seq.
on the Reconstruction, 1862-
1877, IV, 579 et seq.
on the slave-labor system in
the ante-bellum South, V, 104
et seq.
Fleming, William, soldier, life
of, XI, 349.
Fleming, William (2), judge,
life of, XI, 350.
Fleming, William Henry, law-
yer, life of, XI, 350.
Fletcher, John, slavery advo-
cate, VII, 184.
Fletcher, Thomas C., governor
of Missouri, III, 237.
"Flight of the Young Chief,
The," by Simms, VIII, 69.
Flisch, Julia A., on the state
finances of Georgia, V, 508-
510; VI, 490-493.
Floods, Mississippi, VI, 81.
"Flora of the Southern United
States," by Chapman, VII,
251.
Flora Virginica, by Clayton,
VII, 242.
"Florence Vane," by Cooke,
VII, 16.
FLORIDA
acquisition of, opposed by
Northern States, IV, 304, 305.
actual date of settlement, III,
10.
admission into Union, III, 37.
annexed by the United States,
V, 61.
attacked by English from
Carolina, III, 14.
attacked by English from
Georgia, III, 15.
bad state of finances, III, 43.
banking in, V, 467.
banks before War, III, 44.
beginning of hostilities in, III,
5.
bill to purchase, passed, 1806,
IV, 305.
Bloxham's administration,
III, 70.
bond issues, III, 31. ^
boundary disputes with Geor-
gia, IV, 148.
Branch, John, last territorial
governor, III, 37.
British land titles in, V, 64.
Broome's administration, III,
42.
Brown's administration, III,
38.
burdens of Reconstruction in,
VI, 487.
Call's administration, III, 32.
ceded back to Spain, III, 17;
X, 132.
ceded to England in treaty of
Paris, II, 139; III, 15; X,
129
ceded to United States, III,
20, 21; X, 133, 136.
continued Indian troubles,
III, 32.
constitution of 1865, III, 63.
constitution of 1868, III, 66.
constitution of 1885, III, 71.
cotton cultivation in, V, 198.
deer in, VI, 170.
INDEX.
Florida delegates to Montgom-
ery convention, III, 49.
development of education be-
fore the war, X, 205.
discovered accidentally by
Ponce de Leon, X, 127.
discovery and exploration,
III, 1 et seq.
divided into four English
provinces, III, 15.
drainage of swamps in, VI,
554.
Drew's administration, III, 70.
Duval's administration, III,
23.
early conditions, III, 23.
early education in, III, 29.
early government of, III, 12.
early Spanish exploration^,
III, 1.
East and West Florida de-
fined. Ill, 16.
East Coast Canal, III, 76.
Eaton's administration, III,
31.
economic progress, III, 75.
education in, III, 78.
education prior to Civil War,
III, 39.
effect of Spanish-American
War upon, III, 73.
end of Seminole War, III,
35; its cost, III, 36.
English descent upon, III, 11.
enters Confederacy, III, 46.
events in state during Civil
War, III, 52.
events which led to purchase
from Spain, III, 19.
Federal expenditures in, V,
504.
Federal forts at outbreak of
war, III, 50.
final Indian outbreaks, III, 40.
final question of separating
eastern and western sections,
III, 37.
finances of territory, III, 30.
first agricultural society, III,
29.
first constitutional conven-
tion, III, 36.
first general assembly, III, 16.
first highway across state, III,
24.
first three towns, III, 14.
Florida, fisheries of, V, 270.
Franciscan missions in, X,
540.
French and Spanish hostili-
ties, III, 10.
geological survey in, V, 559.
Georgia boundary dispute set-
tled, IV, 150.
growth of railroads, III, 70.
history of, III, 1 et seq.
hostility of aborigines, III, 4.
Huguenots in, III, 8.
immigration, III, 27.
improved waterways in, VI,
650.
income tax in, V, 506.
Indian massacres, III, 33.
Indian troubles renewed, III,
17.
influence of war of 1812 upon,
III, 18.
inhospitable to Protestants, X,
531.
internal improvement act, III,
42.
in the Civil War, III, 47.
Jackson, Andrew, first terri-
torial governor, III, 22.
Jacksonville fire, III, 73.
last engagement in, III, 63.
limits defined, and West
Florida ceded to France, III,
18.
list of governors, III, 479.
loyal to England during Rev-
olution, III, 16.
lumber industry, III, 77.
military district, a, III, 65.
Mosely, William D., first gov-
ernor of state, III, 37.
Narvaez, in, III, 5.
object of early explorers
mining not agriculture, III,
13.
ominous history of first Span-
ish explorers, III, 7.
orange industry, III, 70; in-
jured by disastrous frost of
1895, III, 71.
Perry's administration, III,
44.
phosphate mining. III, 72.
"piney woods," sheep of, V,
249.
population in 1830, III, 28.
INDEX.
Florida, population in 1860, III,
46.
population in 1880, III, 70.
ports blockaded, III, 52.
principal ports, III, 77; V, 414.
purchase of, 1819, IV, 285.
railroad building, III, 43.
railway to Key West, III, 75.
Reconstruction in, III, 63.
Reid's administration, III, 34.
relations with Alabama, III,
28.
relations with South Carolina,
IV, 15.
relations with Spanish crown,
III, 13.
"Republic of Florida," estab-
lished, III, 19.
repudiation in, V, 505.
revenue system of, VI, 488.
rice culture in, V, 170.
secession agitation, III, 44.
secession convention, III, 45,
47.
seizure of Federal arms, III,
68.
Seminole question, III, 24.
senators refused seats, III,
64.
slavery question, III, 40.
social life in territorial days,
III, 28.
Soto, Fernando de, receives
charter to, III, 6.
Spanish in control, III, 12.
Spanish land grants in, V, 60.
Spanish land system in, V, 63.
sponge fishing in, V, 168.
state bank incorporated, III,
30.
state finances of, V, 504-507;
VI, 487-489.
steps to statehood, III, 36.
sugar industry in, V, 188.
Tallahassee made capital of,
III, 24.
tangled politics of, 1872-1876,
III, 69.
tax on free negroes in, V, 505.
tourist hotels in, III, 72.
treatment of Indians, III, 13.
Tristan de Luna in, III, 7.
truck farming in, V, 237.
two capitals of, III, 24.
two seminaries established,
III, 38.
Florida under the Spanish, IX,
220.
Union bank fiasco, III, 31.
unsuccessful expeditions of
Ayllon, Narvaez, De Soto,
and Balbastro, X, 127.
Walker, David S., governor,
III, 64.
West Florida included in
Louisiana Purchase, III, 18.
"Florida," by Brinton, VII,
101.
"Florida," Confederate cruiser,
IV, 540.
Florida, University of, III, 29.
Florida East Coast Railroad,
III, 75.
Flour, Australian market for,
V, 327.
colonial export of, V, 308.
milling, growth of, VI, 256,
259.
shipment of, through South-
ern ports, VI, 355, 365.
Floyds of Virginia, the, XI, 351.
Floyd, John, governor, life of,
XI, 351.
Floyd, John Buchanan, cabinet
officer and general, life of,
XI, 352.
in the Civil War, II, 512.
Fluorite, Southern production
of, VI, 248.
"Flush Times in Alabama and
Mississippi," by Baldwin,
extract from, VIII, 202; refer-
ences to, VII, 73, 79, 189;
VIII, xlvi; X, 33.
Fodder, corn, V, 225.
Folk-lore, African, origin of,
VII, 67.
contributions to, by Harris,
VII, 66.
music, VII, 68.
of the Indian, VII, 61, 63.
of the South, the, VII, 55.
Folk, Carey A., on Tennessee
since the war, II, 523 et seq.
Folk, Joseph Wingate, gover-
nor, life of, XI, e 353. ^
activities, in Missouri, III,
259.
"Folks from Dixie," by Dun-
bar, VII, 533.
Fontaine, publishes "New Or-
leans Moniteur," VII, 470.
INDEX.
Fontaine, Lamar, soldier and
author, life of, XI, 353.
Food crops, want of market for,
V, 206.
materials, decrease in produc-
tion of, VI, 21.
new industries for producing,
VI, 23.
official inspection of, VI, 23.
pure, laws concerning, VI,
462.
quality of, among Southern
tenants, VI, 598.
Food and Drugs Act of 1906,
VI, 462.
Food-stuffs, early exportation
of, V, 39.
Southern export of, VI, 365.
Foote, George Anderson, phy-
sician and surgeon, life of,
XI, 354.
Foote, Henry Stuart, senator
and governor, life of, XI,
354.
career of, IX, 65.
Foote, William Henry, author
and clergyman, life of, XI,
355.
Foot's Resolutions occasion of
Hayne-Webster debate, IX,
30, 46.
Forage, cultivation of, before
the war, VI, 117.
farming, V, 222-229; VI, 117-
124.
farming, its experimental pe-
riod, V, 223.
new crops of, V, 227.
plants, successful varieties of,
in the South, VI, 119.
recent progress in cultivating,
VI, 110.
Forbes, General, captures Fort
Duquesne, IV, 41.
Forbes, John, and Company,
Mobile traders, II, 261.
"Force Bill," Calhoun upon the,
IX, 42, 97.
"Force Law," enactment of,
1870, IV, 611.
Forces, co-acting for religious
development among negroes,
X, 463.
Ford, John S., in the Civil War,
III, 414.
Ford, Sallie Rochester, author.
life of, XI, 356.
Ford, Timothy, on slavery in
South Carolina, II, 47.
Foreign born population in
South, I, xlviii.
Foreign slave trade, state pro-
hibition of, IV, 216.
Forest industries, growth of,
VI, 151.
law, first Federal, V, 258.
products, destruction and
conservation, V, 257-262; VI,
151-158.
products, Southern, annual
value of, VI, 152.
resources, development of,
since 1865, VI, 151.
Forests, climate modified by, VI,
630.
enormous waste of, V, 257;
VI, 17.
fire protection for, VI, 155.
great tracts of, preserved, VI,
267.
need of government action to
conserve, VI, 156.
needed to develop power
streams, VI, 157.
reduced by logging and clear-
ing, V, 260.
Southern, former and present
area of, VI, 336.
Southern, reduced one-half,
V, 261.
Southern upland, VI, 156.
Southern, variety of trees in,
VI, 269.
three parallel zones of, VI,
268.
Forestry, conditions of, VI, 153
et seq.
obstacles to, VI, 154.
Forney, Daniel M., statesman,
life of, XI, 356.
Forney, Peter, congressman,
life of, XI, 356.
Forney, William Henry, con-
gressman, life of, XI, 357.
Forrest, Nathan Bedford, sol-
dier and general, life of, XI,
357.
captures Streight, II, 291.
head of Ku Klux Klan, II,
532.
raids of, II, 415, 515.
INDEX.
73
Forsyth, John, statesman, life
of, XI, 360.
Forsyth, John, editor and diplo-
mat, life of, XI, 361.
Fort Caroline, Fla., built by
Huguenots, III, 9; captured
by Spanish, III, 10.
Fort Charles, S. C., founding of,
II, 4.
Fort Duquesne, Braddock's de-
feat at, by French, IV, 41.
built by the French, IV, 39.
captured by General Forbes,
IV, 41.
Fort Donelson, Tenn., capture
of, I, 294; II, 512.
Fort Fisher, N. C., capture of, I,
493.
Fort Galphin, S. C., engagement
at, IV, 81.
Fort Hatteras, N. C., capture of,
I, 489.
Fort Henry, Tenn., capture of,
II, 511.
Fort Jackson, Ala., renamed
from Fort Toulouse, II, 268.
treaty of, with Creek Indians,
IV, 432; IX, 194.
Fort Johnson, S. C., captured
from British, II, 29.
erected on Cape Fear, I, 444.
Fort Loudon, first English set-
tlement in Tennessee, II,
464.
Fort Macon, N. C., capture of, I,
491.
Fort Mims, Fla., massacre at,
II, 267; IV, 269, 431; X, 162.
Fort Motte, S. C., engagement
at, 1781, IV, 81.
Fort Moultrie, Fla., treaty of,
III, 25.
Fort Pickens, Fla., garrisoned
by Federals, III, 48.
Fort Pulaski, Ga., capture of, by
Federals, II, 173, 186.
Fort St. Louis, early French
settlement in Texas, III, 337.
Fort Seymour, W. Va., massacre
of German settlement at, X,
148.
Fort Stoddert, Ala., early center
of population, II, 264.
Fort Sumter, S. C., attack upon,
II, 81, 82.
Fort Tombecbe, Ala., estab-
lished, II, 253.
Fort Toulouse, Ala., established,
II, 253.
Fort Wagner, S. C., desperate
defense of, II, 84.
Fort Worth, Tex., convention
of Farmers' Union at, IX, 83.
packing industry in, III, 427
Fort Worth "Record," IX, 82.
Fort, Tomlinson, physician and
congressman, life of, XI
361.
Fortier, Alc6e, historian and
educator, life of, XI, 362;
reference to, VII, 112.
on Louisiana's contributions
to literature, VII, 314 et seq.
on Louisiana under French
and Spanish control, III, 80
et seq.
Fortifications, negro laborers
on, V, 149.
Fortune, T. Thomas, negro edi-
tor of "The Age," VII, 535;
writings of, VII, 535.
Fortunia," by Mercier, VII,
317.
"Forty-eighters," the, in Texas,
X, 147.
Foster, Ira R., in the Civil War
II, 181.
Foster, John W., negotiates a
commercial treaty with
Spain, VI, 381.
Foster, Murphy James, senator
and governor, life of, XI,
363.
Foster, Stephen C., folk song
writer of America; author of
"Suwanee Ribber," and other
famous melodies, VII, 68.
Fourteenth Amendment to
Constitution, IV, 598.
Fowler, H. N., educator, VII,
154.
Fowler, Littleton, preacher,
missionary and educator, life
of, XI, 364.
Fox, John, Jr., novelist, life of,
XI, 364.
Foy, P., sculptor, X, 686.
"Fragments in Philosophy and
Science," by Baldwin, VII,
268.
INDEX.
France, efforts of, to raise block-
ade of Southern forts, IV,
536.
influence of, on the civilization
of the South, X, 50.
makes treaty of alliance with
the Continental Congress,
1778, IV, 102.
quasi war of, with United
States, 1798-1800, IV, 259.
refuses to continue alliance
with the United States, IV,
259.
shipments of cotton to, VI,
356.
treaty of peace signed with,
1800, IV, 262.
"France et Espagne," by Can-
onge, VII, 316.
Francis, David R., on Southern
agricultural fairs and expo-
sitions, V, 586 et seq.; VI,
568 et seq.
Frankfort made capital of Ken-
tucky, I, 266.
"Frankfort Argus," edited by
Amos Kendall, VII, 475.
Franklin, Tenn., battle of, II,
516.
Franklin, Benjamin, appointed
Georgia's agent in England,
II, 142.
member of agricultural so-
ciety, V, 81.
postmaster-general, V, 482.
proposes scheme of union for
colonies, IV, 40.
reference to, X, 646.
Franklin College, Georgia, X,
203.
Franklin College, Nashville,
Tenn., X, 362.
Franklin, state of, II, 151, 473.
Franquis, Spanish governor in
Texas, III, 346.
Frantz, W. A., educator, VII,
127.
Fraps, G. S., chemist, VII, 229.
Fraser, Charles, painter, life of,
XI, 365; reference to, X,
680.
Fraternal organizations all
stand for morality, good cit-
izenship, and temperance, X,
651.
Fraternal organizations in the
South. X, 644.
mottoes of, X, 652.
Frederick, Md., early journal-
ism in, VII, 412.
Fredericksburg fair, X, 70.
Fredericksburg, Va., Confeder-
ate loss at, I, 491.
Fredonia, rebellion of, III, 357,
360.
Free colored planters, condition
of, X, 180; IV, 236.
Freedman's Bureau, failure of
the, VI, 5; VII, 537.
interference of, in the South,
VI, 42.
in Alabama, II, 296.
in Florida, III, 64.
in Georgia, II, 222.
in Kentucky, I, 308.
in Louisiana, III, 146.
in North Carolina, I, 500.
in Texas, III, 418.
in Virginia, I, 130.
organization of, IV, 595.
Freedman's Savings Bank, III,
64.
Freedmen, few land owners
among, VI, 90.
"Free Joe and Other Georgia
Sketches," by Harris, ex-
tract from, VIII, 242.
Free Masonry in early colonial
days, X, 646.
Free Masons aid elementary
and high schools, X, 402.
Free negro of the ante-bellum
South, X, 179.
Free schools, prejudice in Vir-
ginia against, I, 139.
"Free Soil Democrats" of 1852,
IV, 575.
Free Soil Party, vote of, 1848,
IV, 398.
Free trade, British, aids Amer-
ican railroad expansion, V,
388.
Confederate policy of, V, 481.
failure of Pitt's bill for, V,
381.
Legare on, IX, 275.
Southern adherence to, after
the war, VI, 477.
INDEX.
Freewill' Baptists maintain a
theological seminary at
Ayden, N. C, X, 315.
"Freie Presse fuer Texas," pub-
lished at San Antonio, X,
147.
Freight Association, Southern,
VI, 329.
Frelinghuysen, Theodore,
speaks at conference, X, 519.
Fremont, John Charles, soldier,
life of, XI, 365.
portrait of, facing, XI, 364.
French, Alice ("Octave
Thanet"), author, life of, XI,
367.
French, Benjamin Franklin, his-
torical writer, life of, XI, 367.
French, L. Virginia Smith, edi-
tor and writer, life of, XI,
368.
French, Samuel Gibbs, soldier,
life of, XI, 368.
French and Indian War, affect
of, I, 41.
favorable to Presbyterian dis-
senters, X, 472.
Kentucky in, I, 239.
ostensible object of, X, 106.
French colonization compared
with English, I, 240.
explorers in Arkansas, III,
264.
influence on speech of Creole
negroes, VII, 65.
influences in the South, X, 61.
in the South, X, 118.
literary societies in Louisiana,
VII, 319.
methods of colonization, II,
254.
poetry in Louisiana, VII, 317.
settlements along the Ohio
river, I, 40.
soldiers under LaFayette, de-
votion of, to the American
cause, X, 51.
writers in Louisiana, III, 180.
French-Swiss settlers in South
Carolina, II, 19.
Fricken, John R., educator, VII,
127.
Friederichsburg, Texas, founded
by Germans, X, 146.
Friends of Temperance, the, X,
571.
Friends, the, found Guilford
College, North Carolina, X,
251.
Frissell, W. H. B., and the
Southern Education Board,
X, 391.
Frobisher, Martin, voyage of, I,
2.
Froebel, Frederick, and the
kindergarten in the United
States, X, 382.
"Froissart Ballads and Other
Poems," by Cooke, VII, 16.
Froost, Gerard, establishes alum
' works at Cape Sable, VII,
223.
Fruit canning industry, V, 237;
VI, 132.
conditions for growing, VI,
127.
first preservation of, V, 237.
first Southern shipments of,
VI, 129.
growing, increase of, VI, 23,
133.
industry, conditions of its suc-
cess, VI, 128.
industry, foundation of, V,
236.
industry, great progress of,
.VI, 128.
industry, Southern statistics
of, VI, 130-133.
industry, what it has done for
the South, VI, 129.
trees, first, planted in the
South, V, 240.
Fruits, citrous, production of,
VI, 24.
production of, in the South, V,
236-242; VI, 127-135.
testing of, at experiment sta-
tions, VI, 475.
value of, V, 240; VI, 133.
Fry, Joshua, educator, VII, 202.
Fry, Speed Smith, in the Civil
War, I, 293.
Fugitive slave law of 1793, IV,
410, 462.
Fugitive slave law of 1850, IV,
416; X, xxiii.
Fugitive slave law, Supreme
Court view of, I, xlii.
Fugitive slave laws, IV, 458.
Fugitive slave problem, IV, 410.
INDEX.
Fuller, Edwin Wiley, poet, life
of, XI, 370.
Fuller, Melville W., and the
Peabody education fund, X,
389.
Fuller, Richard, clergyman, life
of, XI, 370.
influence as a preacher, IX,
145; X, 515.
portrait, facing, IX, 145.
Fuller's earth, VI, 208.
Fulton, John, aids to found
"Living Church," X, 526.
Fulton, Robert Burwell, educa-
tor, life of, XI, 371.
Fulton, William S., governor of
Arkansas, III, 283.
senator from Arkansas, III,
286.
"Fungi Caroliniani Exsiccati,"
by Ravenel, VII, 250.
Furman, James Clement, clergy-
man and educator, life of,
XI, 371.
Furman, Richard, clergyman,
life of, XI, 372.
Furman University, South Car-
olina, X, 202.
Futures, trading in, VI, 406 et
seq.
Gabriel, leader of slave revolt
at Richmond, Va., IV, 234.
Gadsden, Charles Edward,
bishop, life of, XI, 372.
Gadsden, Christopher, planter,
lawyer and statesman, life
of, XI, 373.
delegate to first Continental
Congress, II, 28; IV, 48.
dispute with royal governor
in South Carolina, II, 27.
in the Revolution, IX, 15.
Gadsden, James, statesman, life
of, XI, 373.
influence of, in removing Sem-
inoles from Florida, III, 26.
Gadsden Purchase acquires ad-
ditional territory from Mex-
ico, IV, 291, 312; V, 389.
"Gag-rules" adopted by House
to shut off debate on anti-
slavery petitions, IV, 408.
Gaillard, Edwin Samuel, physi-
cian, life of, XI, 374.
Gaillard, John, senator, life of,
XI, 375.
Gaillard, Peter Cordes, physi-
cian and medical editor, life
of, XI, 375.
Gailor, Thomas Frank, bishop,
life of, XI, 376.
Gaines, Edmund Pendleton, sol-
dier, life of, XI, 376.
marches into Texas with
American troops, III, 370.
Gaines, Edmund Pendleton, or-
ganizes Memphis and Charles-
ton railroad, IV, 170.
portrait, facing, XI, 376.
Gaines, John Wesley, lawyer
and politician, life of, XI,
377.
Gaines, Myra Clark, life of, XI,
377.
Gales, Joseph, publisher and edi-
tor, life of, XI, 378.
editorial influence in North
Carolina, I, 473.
editor "North Carolina P.egis-
ter," VII, 474.
Gales, Joseph, Jr., publisher, life
of, XI, 378.
editor "National Intelli-
gencer," VII, 474.
Gales, Seaton, editor and sol-
dier, life of, XI, 379.
Gales, Weston Raleigh, editor,
life of, XI, 379.
Gallatin, Albert, his scheme of
internal improvements, V,
487.
Gallic, John B., in the Civil
War, II, 191.
Galloway, Charles Betts, author
and bishop, life of, XI, 379.
influence as a preacher, IX,
154.
oratorical style, IX, 75.
INDEX.
Gait, Alexander, sculptor, life
of, XI, 380; reference to, X,
686.
Galveston, Texas, capture of,
III, 411.
exports and imports of, in
1908, VI, 366.
great increase of exports
from, VI, 353.
growth of cotton trade of, IV,
168.
Galveston Island, Texas, scene
of many filibustering expe-
ditions, IV, 245.
"Galveston News," edited by A.
H. Belo, VII, 482.
Galvez, Bernardo, conquers
West Florida, II, 352.
expedition against Alabama,
II, 259.
governor of Louisiana, III,
95.
Gambling-houses, Louisiana in-
stitutions receive proceeds
of, X, 227.
Gambrell, James Bruton, cler-
gyman, life of, XI, 381.
Game, abundant in North and
and South, V, 263.
and game protection in the
South, V, 263-266; VI, 170-
174.
birds, protection of, V, 266.
decrease of, less in the South
than in the North, VI, 170.
disappearance of, V, 264.
first protection law for, in
Virginia, V, 264.
laws, colonial, V, 264.
laws, enforcement of, VI, 173.
laws, recent enactment of, V,
264; VI, 171.
trade in, V, 263.
wardens, VI, 173.
Garay, De, early Spanish ex-
plorer, III, 4.
Garden, Alexander, clergyman,
life of, XI, 382.
Garden, Alexander, (2), natural-
ist, life of, XI, 382.
career as a naturalist, VII,
243.
contributions to Royal So-
ciety on natural history, VII,
357.
Garden, Alexander, (3), lawyer,
life of, XI, 382.
Garland, Augustus Hill, lawyer
and politician, life of, XI, 382.
attorney-general, III, 333.
governor of Arkansas, III,
329.
on Federal Practice, VII,
335.
political career in Arkansas,
III, 318.
portrait, facing, III, 318.
Garland, John, soldier, life of,
XI, 383.
Garland, Landon Cabell, educa-
tor, life of, XI, 384.
first chancellor of Central
University, X, 253.
Garner, historian, VII, 110.
Garnett, James Mercer, agricul-
turalist and politician, life
of, XI, 384.
Garnett, James Mercer, (2),
philologist and author, life
of, XI, 385; writings of,
VII, 131.
Garnett, Robert Selden, soldier,
life of, XI, 385.
in the Civil War, I, 120.
Garrard Family, the, XI, 387.
Garrard, James, soldier and
politician, life of, XI, 387.
Garrard, James (2), soldier,
life of, XI, 387.
Garrard, Kenner, life of, XI,
387.
Garrard, Theophilus Toulmin,
soldier, life of, XI, 388.
Garrard, William, pioneer, life
of, XI, 387.
Garrard, William (2), legislator,
life of, XI, 388.
Garrison, George Pierce, edu-
cator, life of, XI, 388.
Garrison, William Lloyd, abo-
lition movement of, I, xl.
anti-slavery work of, IV, 397.
urges Massachusetts to se-
cede during Mexican War,
IV, 467.
Garth, Samuel, appointed
Georgia's agent in England,
II, 141.
Gartland, Francis Xavier,
bishop, life of, XI, 389.
78
INDEX.
Gary, James A., made post>
master-general by McKin-
ley, I, 223.
Gas, natural, development and
economic influence of, VI,
186.
resources of, in the South,
VI, 638.
Gaston, William, jurist, life of,
XI, 390.
activities in North Carolina,
X, 456.
position in national affairs,
IX, 34.
portrait, facing, IX, 34.
Gates, Frederick T., and his
gift to General Education
Board, X, 393.
Gates, Horatio, assumes com-
mand of American forces in
the South, I, 92; IV, 78.
Gates, Sir Thomas, governor,
life of, XI, 390; reference
to, X, 97.
Gatling, Richard Jordan, in-
ventor, life of, XI, 391.
Gayarre, Charles Etienne Ar-
thur, lawyer and historian,
life of, XI, 391.
colonial history, VII, 102;
other writings of, VII, 112,
317, 322, 323.
Gayle, John, governor of Ala-
bama, II, 278.
Geddes, John, legislator, life
of, XI, 393.
Geddings, Eli, physician, life
of, XI, 393; reference to,
VII, 366.
Gems, Southern production of,
VI, 238.
"General," the, episode of the
captured locomotive, II, 188.
General Education Board of
New York, usefulness of,
work of, X, 575.
when founded, X, 387; other
references to, X, 217, 392.
"Genessee Farmer," the, X, 363.
Genet, activities in America for
France, II, 355.
"Genetic Logic," by Baldwin,
VII, 268.
Geneva, University of, X, 53.
Gentry, Meredith Poindexter,
statesman, life of, XI, 394.
Geographical isolation of early
states, IX, 180.
"Geological Reconnoissance," by
Safford, VII, 254.
Geological surveys, V, 551 et
seq.; VII, 253.
Geometry, various writings OB,
VII, 205, 207, 218, 219, 237.
George II, death of, how it
affected Georgia, II, 139.
George III calls an interstate
conference with Indians, II,
139.
"George Balcombe," by N. B.
Tucker, VII, 328.
George, Enoch, bishop, life of,
XI, 395.
George, James Z., in Mississippi
politics, II, 447, 460.
George Peabody College for
teachers at Nashville, X, 292.
Georgetown, D. C., its prem-
iums for live stock, V, 248.
Georgetown "Centinel of Lib-
erty and Advertiser," VII,
413.
Georgetown "Weekly Ledger,"
published by Day and Han-
cock, VII, 413.
GEORGIA
agricultural products, II, 241.
Altamaha river made north-
ern boundary of, IV, 17.
a part of Carolina, II, 122.
appropriation of state funds
for higher education re-
stricted to University of
Georgia, X, 244.
a royal province, II, 134.
Atkinson's administration, II,
. 235.
attitude toward secession, IX,
323.
Augusta founded, II, 127.
bad state of affairs at close of
Revolution, II, 150.
banking in, V, 466.
battle of Chickamauga, II, 192.
becomes a royal province, X,
101.
boundary fixed, 1805, IV, 427.
boundary disputes with Flor-
ida, IV, 148, 150.
boundary disputes with North
Carolina, IV, 146.
INDEX.
79
Georgia boundary disputes with
South Carolina, II, 151.
boundary disputes with Ten-
nessee, IV, 147.
British operations against, II,
148.
British war vessels visit coast,
II, 145.
Candler's administration, II,
237.
carpet-baggers in, II, 221.
chair of agriculture chemistry
in state university, V, 82.
chartered in 1732, IV, 17.
Cherokee controversy, II, 162.
civil officers in the Confeder-
acy, II, 180.
claims to Mississippi relin-
quished, II, 360.
claims western territory, IV,
105.
coal mining in, V, 292.
coast defenses in war, II, 183.
colleges having New England
presidents, VII, 301.
colonial relations of, IV, 17.
colonial revenue, V, 508.
colony of, II, 122.
condition at close of Civil
War, II, 217.
conditions during war, II, 180.
condition in 1776, II, 146.
conflicts with Spaniards at St.
Simon's and elsewhere, II,
129.
Congregationalists in, II, 134.
Congressional plan of Recon-
struction, II, 221.
connection of church and
state abolished after the
Revolution, X, 531.
constitution of, 1789, II, 152.
constitution of, 1798, II, 152.
constitution of, 1867, II, 223.
constitution of, 1877, II, 227.
copper mining in, V, 283.
corn, early export of, V, 216.
cotton cloth made in, V, 203.
cotton cultivation in, V, 41,
198, 201.
cotton factories in, V, 325.
cotton lands in, II, 165.
cotton manufactured in, 1850,
IV, 188.
Georgia, cultivation of sorghum
in, V, 676.
delegates to Continental Con-
gress, II, 144, 145.
denominational colleges num-
erous, X, 203.
dissenters in, X, 467.
division into eight parishes,
II, 137.
early boundaries, II, 153.
early German settlers, X, 142.
early growth of state, II, 155.
early railway construction, II,
166.
early state politics, II, 158.
education in, II, 226, 233, 238.
effect of the war with Spain
in, II, 235.
effect of cotton gin's inven-
tion upon, II, 155.
effect of treaty of Paris upon
boundaries, II, 139.
end of Reconstruction rule in,
VI, 490.
enters Confederacy, II, 175.
famous editors of, VII, 478.
Federal attack upon coasts,
II, 182.
first call for troops, II, 177.
first constitution, II, 147.
first in humorous writers,
VII, 71.
first legislature, II, 136.
first liberty pole raised, II,
144.
first peopled direct from
England, X, 104.
first settlers aided by Caro-
linas, II, 125.
first Southern state to ratify
constitution, IV, 130.
Florida boundary troubles, II,
150.
for whom named, II, 139.
Freedman's Bureau in, II,
222.
freedom of religion prohib-
ited to "Papists," X, 530.
friendly terms between In-
dians and Oglethorpe, II,
125.
geological and agricultural
surveys in, V, 558.
gold mining in, V, 277, 280.
Gordon's administration, II,
231.
80
INDEX.
Georgia grants of public lands,
II, 150.
great immigration to, in 1750,
IV, 18.
growth of population in, to
1790, V, 18.
heavy bonded debt of, VI, 490.
history of, II, 122.
how settled, I, xxviii.
Indian affairs, II, 156, 159.
indigo culture in, V, 183.
in the Confederacy, II, 171.
in the Federal Union, II, 146.
in the Revolution, II, 147.
in the war of 1812, II, 157.
invaded by the Spaniards, IV,
19.
iron ores in, VI, 224.
Johnson plan of Reconstruc-
tion, II, 219.
king's quit-rents in, V, 508.
Ku Klux Klan in, II, 222.
land grants, II, 156.
leaders in politics, II, 168.
legislative investigations, II,
228.
Liberty Boys organize, II, 140.
list of governors, III, 476.
loss caused to state by Sher-
man's campaign, II, 215.
losses in 1863, II, 199.
losses in 1864, II, 212.
lumber products, II, 241.
manganese in, VI, 230.
manufactures in, II, 242.
military activities during 1862,
II, 185.
military operations in 1863, II,
190.
military operations in 1864, II,
200.
military rule in, II, 223.
mining, in, II, 241.
Mutiny Act, II, 141.
negroes in, II, 153.
negro suffrage in, II, 223.
new state government not rec-
ognized by Congress, II,
220.
Northen's administration, II,
232.
officers at battle of Chicka-
mauga, II, 192.
officers in Southern army, II,
179, 201.
Georgia, Oglethorpe, James, set-
tlement of, II, 122.
orators of the war, IX, 61.
paucity of servants in, V, 101.
penitentiary system establish-
ed in, V, 131.
physicians prominent in war,
VII, 358.
political contests, II, 229.
population in 1800, II, 153.
population in 1810, II, 156.
population prior to the Civil
War, II, 165.
preparations for Civil War,
II, 173.
present size of, II, 240.
prison commission, II, 236.
prohibition in, II, 239.
provincial congress establish-
ed, II, 134.
provisional congress held, II,
143.
provisional convention, II,
219.
public debt, V, 509, 510.
public land revenue, V, 509.
readmitted into Union, II, 225.
recent growth, II, 230.
recent politics in, 234.
recent railway questions, II,
233.
Reconstruction in, II, 219.
relations with Mississippi col-
ony, II, 356.
repeals law prohibiting slav-
ery, 1749, IV, 18.
repudiation in, VI, 491.
resistance to Stamp Act, II,
139.
rice culture in, V, 170.
rice industry, decline of, VI,
15.
Rome, school at, for poor
children of the Southern
mountaineers, X, 42.
Savannah founded, II, 125.
seal of royal province, II, 135.
secession of, II, 171.
settlement of, V, 17.
settlement of, and influence
upon Florida. Ill, 15.
settlement of Indian lands, II,
165.
severe prison labor law in, V,
131.
INDEX.
81
Georgia, share in fomenting the
Revolution, IX, 27.
share in forming Federal con-
stitution, II, 151.
Sherman's campaign in, II,
203.
slave importation prohibited
in, II, 153.
slavery finally introduced into,
V, 106.
slavery prohibited in, V, 99.
slavery prohibited in, until
1749, IV, 18.
slavery question in, II, 167.
Smith's administration, II,
239.
state agricultural society or-
ganized in, V, 82.
state finances of, V, 508-510;
VI, 490-493.
state government reorganized,
II, 224.
state sovereignty defined, II,
162.
state sovereignty issue, II,
153.
steps to independence, II, 138.
sugar industry in, V, 187.
swamp drainage in, VI, 554.
Terrell's administration, II,
239.
topography, II, 240.
trend toward secession, II,
170.
troops in Southern army, II,
178.
trouble with royal governors,
II, 142.
trouble with Spanish, II, 127.
under control of Federal
army, II, 218.
various settlements, II, 125.
war legislation and taxes in,
V, 509.
war supplies seized, II, 176.
Yazoo land sale, II, 153.
"Georgia," by Stevens, VII, 101.
"Georgia Coast, Negro Myths
of the," by Jones, VII, 64.
Georgia Female College, first
of its kind in world, VII, 76.
"Georgia Gazette," published
by Johnson, VII, 470.
"Georgia, History of," by Jones,
VII, 101.
6
Georgia Library Association,
VII, 502.
Georgia Medical College, Au-
gusta, becomes medical de-
partment of State Univer-
sity, X, 244.
Georgia Normal and Industrial
College for Colored Youths,
near Savannah, X, 244.
"Georgia Scenes, Characters,
Incidents," etc., by A. B.
Longstreet, extract from,
VIII, 167, 170.
references to, VIII, xxiii, xl;
VII, 72, 73; X, 33, 519.
Georgia School of Technology,
Atlanta, X, 244, 353.
"Georgia Theatricals," by
Longstreet, VIII, 167.
Georgia, University of, II, 150,
238; VII, 157, 299 et seq.;
X, 203.
German Baptists, the, found
Bridgewater College, Vir-
ginia, X, 251.
German immigration, X, 139.
"German Psychology of To-
day," translated by Baldwin,
VII, 268.
Germans, aid of, to manufac-
tures in Pennsylvania, V,
314.
in Georgia, II, 127.
in Maryland, I, 172.
in North Carolina, I, 417; IX,
in South Carolina, II, 19.
in Virginia, I, 38.
Germany, nationalization of, X,
210.
shipments of cotton to, VI,
355.
Southern scholars receive their
higher education in, X, 59.
Gettysburg, Pa., battle of, I, 492;
IV, 516.
prevents Great Britain from
recognizing Confeder-
ate States, IV, 539, 551.
Gettysburg campaign, IV, 550.
Ghent, treaty of, brings South-
ern prosperity, V, 383; IV,
285.
Gholson, James H., lawyer and
politician, life of, XI, 396.
INDEX.
Gholson, Samuel Jameson, pol-
itician, life of, XI, 396.
Gholson, Thomas, congressman,
life of, XI, 397.
Gholson, William Yates, jurist,
and author, life of, XI, 397.
Gibbes, L. R., "Synoptical
Table," VII, 226.
Gibbes, Robert Wilson, scient-
ist, editor and historian, life
of, XI, 397.
Gibbes, William Hasell, Revo-
lutionary soldier and lawyer,
life of, XI, 398.
Gibbons, James, Cardinal, life
of, XI, 398; reference to, X,
538.
Gibson, Charles Bell, surgeon,
life of, XI, 402.
Gibson, John, editor of "True
American," VII, 481.
Gibson, Randall Lee, soldier
and politician, life of, XI,
400.
Gibson, Tobias, clergyman, pio-
neer, life of, XI, 401.
Gibson, William, surgeon, life
of, XI, 401.
Giddings, Joshua, censured by
the House, 1842, IV, 409.
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, efforts
to plant a colony, I, 3.
Gildersleeve, Basil Lanneau, ed-
ucator and philologist, life
of, XI, 403.
estimate of, by Goodwin, VII,
141.
editor "The American Journal
of Classic Philosophy," VII,
140.
first member of faculty of
Johns Hopkins University,
X, 59.
introduced to Goethe by
Thomas Carlyle, X, 58.
on German influence on
young Southerners, X, 58, 59.
writings of, VII, 127, 140,
149.
Giles, William Branch, politi-
cian, life of, XI, 404.
position in national affairs,
IX, 34.
Gillem, Alvan C., military gov,
ernor of Arkansas, III, 320.
Gillespie, Daniel, in the North
Carolina Regulators, IX, 8.
Gilman, Caroline Howard, au-
thor, life of, XI, 404.
publishes "The Rosebud," or
"Youth's Gazette," X, 636.
Gilman, Daniel C., head of
Johns Hopkins University,
I, 230.
Gilmer, F. W., declines profes-
sorship of law in University
of Virginia, X, 334.
selects professors for new
University of Virginia, X,
54, 55.
Gilmer, George Rockingham,
politician and author, life of,
XI, 405.
Gilmer, John Adams, politician,
life of, XI, 405.
Gilmer, Thomas Walker, politi-
cian, life of, XI, 406.
Giradeau, J. L., influence as a
preacher, IX, 141.
Girard, Stephen, heads bold en-
terprises, V, 382.
Girls, education of, X, 194.
Girls' High and Normal School
at Charleston, X, 296.
Girty, Simon, the renegade, I,
253.
Gist, Christopher, exploration of
Kentucky by, I, 238.
Gist, George, (Sequoyah), in-
vents Cherokee alphabet, X,
162.
"Give me liberty, or give me
death!" quotation in Henry's
speech, IX, 174; X, 451.
Glascock, Thomas, in the Rev-
olution, IX, 28.
Glasgow, Ellen Anderson Ghol-
son, author, life of, XI, 407.
"Battle-Ground, The," extract
from, VIII, 359.
"Peaceful Side of War, The,"
VIII, 359.
"Southern Hero of the New
Type, The," VIII, 370.
"Voice of the People, The,"
extract from, VIII, 370.
writings of, VIII, xlix, Ixiii;
X, 636.
INDEX.
83
Glasson, William H., on activi-
ties of the Federal govern-
ment in Southern industry
and commerce, V, 482 et seq.
on Confederate pensions,
homes and relief measures in
the South, VI, 446 et seq.
on state and Federal govern-
mental regulation in South-
ern industry and commerce,
V, 454 et seq.
on state and local govern-
mental activity in Southern
industry and commerce, VI,
439 et seq.
Glenn, John M., and the Russell
Sage foundation, X, 397.
Glover, Joseph, physician, life
of, XI, 407.
Glover, Thomas, contribution
to natural history, VII, 241.
Glover, William, dispute with
Quakers in North Carolina,
I, 432.
Goats, Angora, flocks of, in the
United States, V, 251.
Angora, importation of, V,
250.
native, their wildness, V, 250.
Goat-raising, confined chiefly to
Texas, VI, 146.
Goddard, William, editor of
"Maryland Journal and Bal-
timore Advertiser," VII,
411.
Godfrey, Thomas, "Prince of
Parthia, The," VII, 3.
"Godspeed," the, voyage of, I,
11.
Goebel, William S., career of,
in Kentucky, I, 322.
Gold, discovery in the South, V,
277.
production in California
cause of panic of 1857, IV,
373.
production in Southern Ap-
palachian states from 1799
to 1908, VI, 217.
production in the South, V,
276-281; VI, 215-218.
Gold standard act, the, V, 428.
"Gold-Bug, The," by Poe, VIII,
24; scene of, VIII, xv.
Golden age of Virginia, I, 44.
Goldsborough, Robert, in the
Revolution, IX, 25.
Goldsmith Maid, famous trot-
ting mare, VI, 139.
Goldthwaite, George, jurist, life
of, XI, 408.
Goldthwaite, Henry, lawyer
and politician, life of, XI,
408.
Gonzales, William E., on South
Carolina in the Confederacy,
II. 75.
Gooch, Sir William, governor
of Virginia, I, 38.
his promise to Presbyterians,
X, 470.
welcomes Scotch-Irish to
Shenandoah Valley, X, 105.
Goodall, Albert Gallatin, en-
graver, life of, XI, 409.
Goode, John, view of Civil
War, I, 118.
Goodloe, Abbie Carter, author,
life of, XI, 410.
Goodloe, Daniel R., "Inquiry
Into the Causes Which Have
Retarded the Accumulation
of Wealth and Increase of
Population in the Southern
States," VII, 186.
estimate of Basil L. Gilder-
sleeve, VII, 141.
Gordon, Armistead Churchill,
lawyer and author, life of,
XI, 410.
on real and personal property
values in the ante-bellum
South, V, 418 et seq.
on the currency and currency
problems in the South, 1791
to 1865, V, 447 et seq.
on the effects of currency
legislation, VI, 415-418.
on the effect of the Civil War
upon real and personal prop-
erty values in the South, V,
422 et seq.
Gordon, F. H., on the Terrell
Professorship of Agriculture,
X, 364.
Gordon, James, invites his
guests to hear James Wad-
dell preach, X, 69.
Gordon, James Lindsay, poet
and lawyer, life of, XI, 411.
84
INDEX.
Gordon, John Brown, soldier
and statesman, life of, XI,
411.
and prayers in camp, X, 513.
at Fort Stedman, II, 216.
governor of Georgia, II, 231.
oratorical style, IX, 75.
portrait, facing, II, 232.
Gore, Thomas Pryor, politician,
life of, XI, 414.
Gorgas, Joseph, soldier, life of,
XI, 415.
Gorman, Arthur Pue, senator,
life of, XI, 415.
senator from Maryland, I,
217.
Gorman, J. Berry, "Philosophy
of the Animated Existence,
The," VII, 264.
Gosse, Edmund, characteriza-
tion of Cawein, VII, 53.
Gottschalk, Louis Mpreau,
pianist and composer, life of,
XI, 416.
composer of "The Last
Hope," and other music, VII,
390.
portrait, facing, VII, 390.
references to, VII, 323, 389.
Goulding, Francis Robert, cler-
gyman, life of, XI, 417.
Goulding, Thomas, clergyman,
life of, XI, 417.
Gourges, Dominique de, avenges
massacre of Fort Caroline,
III, 11; X, 119.
Governing type of South in
Tidewater belt, VII, 276.
Government, Federal, its activ-
ities in Southern economic
development, VI, 450 et seq.
Southern influence in, IV, 331.
strong central, favored by
Washington, IV, 341.
Governors of the Southern
States, list of, III, 471.
Grace, William P., introduces
secession measure in Arkan-
sas, III, 306.
Grady, Henry Woodfin, journal-
ist and orator, life of, XI,
418.
editor "Atlanta Constitution,"
II, 232.
influence of, IX, 93.
Grady, Henry Woodfin, memo-
rial address on, by Graves,
IX, 435.
oratorical style, IX, 76.
portrait, facing, IX, 374.
reconciliation speeches, IX,
76.
speech, "The New South,"
IX, 374.
Graham, Edward K., on South-
ern oratory during the Fed-
eral period, IX, 30 et seq.
on Southern oratory during
the war period, IX, 53 et seq.
Graham, George, politician and
financier, life of, XI, 419.
in the Revolution, IX, 29.
Graham, Joseph, soldier and
politician, life of, XI, 420.
Graham, William Alexander,
lawyer and author, life of,
XI, 420.
Graham School, VII, 170.
Grain crops, success and failure
of, V, 153.
cultivated for years on the
same land, V, 154.
cultivation of, by machinery,
V, 220.
machinery for harvesting, VI,
104.
Grain mills, at Richmond, V,
326.
Grammar schools in the South,
for whom designed, X, 272.
convict teachers in, X, 273.
narrowness of course of study,
X, 273.
"Grandissimes, The," by Cable,
VIII, Iviii.
extract from, VIII, 272.
Grandy, L. B., History of Med-
icine and Surgery in Georgia,
VII, 365.
Grange, the, organization of, VI,
580.
Granger, Gordon, takes com-
mand in Texas, III, 417.
"Granger laws," VI, 455.
Graniteville, S. C., Gregg's mill
at, V, 324.
Grant, Ulysses S., in the Civil
War, I, 291.
military operations in Missis-
sippi, II, 415.
INDEX.
85
Grant, Ulysses S., military oper-
ations in Tennessee, II, 510.
on the Arkansas constitution,
III, 330.
policy towards Reconstruc-
tion, IV, 610.
presidential candidate, IV, 608.
relieves Chattanooga, II, 196.
Grant University, afterward
University of Chattanooga,
X, 232.
Grapes, Southern, cultivation of,
V, 240; VI, 134.
Grass, Bermuda, most extensive
Southern pasture crop, VI,
119.
conditions favorable to, V,
223.
crab, Southern hay crop, VI,
120.
farming, efforts to improve,
VI, 118.
farming in the South, V, 222-
229; VI, 117-124.
Johnson, important Southern
hay crop, VI, 119, 120.
lands, natural, V, 222.
native, V, 224.
successful varieties of, in the
South, VI, 119.
thrives in Southern climate,' V,
223.
varieties of, in the South, V,
228.
wild, V, 224.
Graupner, Gottlieb, father of
American orchestral music,
VII, 384.
Grave, Caswell, on oyster pro-
ducts in the South, V, 272;
VI, 163.
Graves, Charles A., educator,
VII, 128.
Graves, J. R., influence as a
preacher, IX, 144.
Graves, John Temple, "Henry
W. Grady Memorial Ad-
dress," IX, 435.
Graves, R. H., educator, VII,
216.
Gray, Walter Ellsworth, on
Newcomb pottery, X, 710.
Gray, William, heads bold en-
terprises, V, 382.
in the Mexican War, III, 301.
Grayson, William, soldier and
politician, life of, XI, 421.
Grayson, William John, politi-
cian and poet, life of, XI,
422.
Grazing, in common, V, 81.
Great Bridge, Va., battle of, I,
87.
Great Britain, colonial exports
to, V, 393.
further war with, deprecated
by Calhoun, IX, 304.
secret treaties made with the
United States, 1782, IV, 104.
war with, in 1812, IV, 284.
"Great Debate," the, term ap-
plied to Hayne- Webster de-
bate, IX, 47.
"Great Four-Mile Day, The,"
by Thorpe, VII, 81.
Great Kanawha River, battle of,
I, 346.
"Great Kentuckian," the, title
given Clay, III, 227.
Great Lakes, connection of, with
Mississippi, VI, 649.
neutrality of assured by
treaty, IV, 286.
"Great Missourian," the, title
given Benton, III, 227.
"Great New Englander," the,
title given Webster, III, 227.
"Great Senators," by Dyer,
quoted, IX, 99.
"Great South Carolinian," the,
title given Calhoun, III, 227.
Greece, nationalization of, X^
210.
Greek, its influence on English,
VII, 126, 130.
"Greek Prepositions and Their
Cases," by Harrison, VII,
140.
"Greek Syntax," by Gildersleeve,
VII, 140.
Green Academy, Ala., founded,
II, 275.
Green, Duff, journalist, life of,
XI, 423.
Green, James, editor of "Mary-
land Gazette," VII, 410.
Green, Nathan, joins legal fac-
ulty in Cumberland Univer-
sity, X, 337.
86
INDEX.
Green, Nathan, Jr., joins legal
faculty in Cumberland Uni-
versity, X, 337.
Green, Roger, early settler in
North Carolina, I, 414; IX, 7.
Green, Samuel A., and Peabody
Education Fund, X, 389.
Green, Thomas, soldier, life of,
XI, 424.
Green v. Biddle, case of, V, 71.
"Greenbacks," circulated in the
Confederate States, V, 456.
made legal tender, VI, 416.
not good currency, VI, 418.
Greenback party organized, IV,
618.
Greenbrier Land Company, in
West Virginia, I, 338.
Greene, Nathaniel, assumes
command of American army
in the South, II, 34; IV, 81.
in the Revolution, II, 34.
operations in North Carolina,
I, 470.
Greenhow, Mary, founds the
Home for Incurables at
Richmond, Va., X, 628.
Greensboro, N. C., Lutheran
Theological Seminary for
Negroes, at, X, 434.
Greenville College united with
Tusculum Academy as
Greenville and Tusculum
College, Tenn., X, 204, 225.
Greenville, surgeon, author of
work on yellow fever, VII,
367.
Greenwood, J. M., Notes on
the History of American
Text-Books on Arithmetic,
VII, 202.
Gregg, Maxey, soldier, life of,
XI, 424.
Gregg, William, cotton manu-
facturer, life of, XI, 425.
advocates mills in the South,
II, 51.
author of papers on manu-
facturing, VII, 178.
essays on manufactures in
the South, 1845, IV, 187.
great factory at Graniteville,
S. C., V, 324.
on labor in cotton mills, X,
590.
Gregg, William, pioneer of large
cotton manufacture, V, 323.
writer on cotton industry, V,
548.
writings of, V, 324.
Grenville, Sir Richard, and the
Roanoke colony, I, 4.
enforces rigid acts of trade,
IV, 44.
Grierson, Benjamin H., raids
of, V, 150.
Grimes, Bryan, soldier, life of,
XI, 425.
Grimke, A. H., editor of "The
Hub," VII, 535.
Grimke, John Faucheraud, jur-
ist, life of, XI, 426.
Grimke, Sarah Moore, aboli-
tionist, life of, XI, 426.
Grimke, Thomas Smith, re-
former, life of, XI, 426.
Griquas, the, X, 172; set up a
government of Santa Do-
mingo, X, 173.
Grundy, Felix, lawyer and poli-
tician, life of, XI, 427.
career of, IX, 49; II, 492.
Grymes, John Randolph, Sr.,
loyalist, life of, XI, 428.
Grymes, John Randolph, Jr.,
lawyer, life of, XI, 428.
Guadalupe Hidalgo, treaty at,
with Mexico, 1848, IV, 311.
Guano, early use of, V, 82.
use in South Carolina and
Georgia, V, 175.
use on sugar cane fields, V,
196.
"Guardian of Freedom," pub-
lished by John Bradford,
VII, 422.
Guild, Joe C., "Old Times in
Tennessee," VII, 72.
Guilford College, North Caro-
lina, founded by Society of
Friends, X, 257.
Guilford Courthouse, N. C.,
battle of, Americans defeat
British at, I, 471; IV, 81.
Gulf states, advantages of the
Panama Canal to, VI, 644.
Gulf States Historical Maga-
zine, VII, 520.
Gullah dialect of Southern
Negro, VII, 64, 65.
INDEX.
Gum, black, used for hubs, V,
261.
red, used for plank, V, 261.
Gunpowder, manufacture of, en-
couraged, IV, 67.
seizure of, by South Carolina,
IV, 66.
Gutheim, James K., Jewish
teacher, X. 563.
Guthrie, James, politician, life
of, XI, 429.
Gutierrez, Bernardo, filibuster
in Texas, III, 349.
"Guy Rivers," by Simms, VIII,
xxvii.
Gwin, William McKendree, pol-
itician, life of, XI, 429.
Gwinnett, Button, signer of
Declaration of Independence,
life of, XI, 430.
signs Declaration of Inde-
pendence, for Georgia, II,
146; IX, 28.
Gypsum industry of the South,
VI, 202.
Southern deposits of, VI, 204.
H
Habersham, James, appointed
president of Georgia, II, 142.
on colony of Georgia, II, 133.
on white servant labor, V, 100.
Habersham, Joseph, in the Rev-
olution, II, 144, 145; IX, 28.
Hadley, Herbert S., his pros-
ecution of oil companies, VI,
461.
Hagood, Johnson, in the Civil
War, II, 84.
Hahn, Michael, Reconstruction
governor of Louisiana, III,
143.
Hakluyt, Richard, clergyman,
X, 438.
Hale, J. P., on the salt and pe-
troleum industry, VI, 187-189.
Hale, John Parker, presidential
candidate vote of, 1852, IV,
398.
Hale, Philip Thomas, educator,
life of, XI, 431.
Hale, William Thomas, author,
life of, XI, 432.
Halifax, N. C., Resolves, I, 468;
IX, 9.
Hall, translator of the "Beo-
wulf," VII, 131.
Hall, George A., and the Y. M.
C. A., X, 486.
Hall, Lyman, signer of the Dec-
laration of Independence,
life of, XI, 432.
delegate to Continental Con-
gress, II, 144.
in the Revolution, IX, 28; X,
353.
Hall, Lyman, leader of Revolu-
tionary forces in Georgia,
VII, 296.
signs Declaration of Inde-
pendence, for Georgia, II,
146.
Hall, Maxey, on utilization of
Southern water powers, V,
580 et seq; VI, 560 et seq.
Halsted, George B., mathemati-
cal writings of, VII, 218.
Hamberlin, Lafayette Rupert,
poet, life of, XI, 434.
Hambletonian, famous stallion,
V, 245.
Hambletonian 10, foundation
sire of standard bred horses,
VI, 138.
Hamburg, S. C., settlement of,
IV, 164.
Hamilton, A. J., military gover-
nor of Texas, III, 412, 417.
Hamilton, Alexander, financial
measures of, IV, 340; V, 446.
idea of a protective tariff, V,
487.
on the cotton-growing ability
of the South, V, 199.
plan for new constitution, IV,
122.
report of, adopted at Annap-
olis convention, IV, 112.
view of Federal power, I,
xxxvi.
Hamilton, Andrew, reputation as
a lawyer, I, 169.
on North Carolina, 1865-1909,
I, 497 et seq.
88
INDEX.
Hamilton, Joseph Gregoire de
Roulhac, on the South in po-
litical parties, 1789-1860, IV,
319 et seq.
Hamilton, Peter Joseph, lawyer
and author, life of, XI, 434.
"Colonial Mobile," VII, 96.
on colonial and territorial Ala-
bama, II, 243 et seq.
on Latin land laws and land
systems in the South, V, 53
et seq.
on Mississippi in colonial and
territorial times, II, 332 et
seq.
on the Indian problem in the
South, IV, 423 et seq.
on the new South in war and
diplomacy, IV, 646 et seq.
on the South in diplomacy
during the Revolution and
under the Confederation, IV,
98 et seq.
on the South in Federal diplo-
macy, 1789-1860, IV, 279 et
seq.
Hamlets, Southern, VI, 607.
Hammett, S. A., "Stray Yankee
in Texas," VII, 72.
Hammond, Elisha, teacher, life
of, XI, 435.
Hammond, James Henry, states-
man, life of, XI, 435.
economic advocacy of, V, 572.
letter to Calhoun, II, 70.
writer on slavery, VII, 184,
194.
Hammond, John Fox, physician,
life of, XI, 436.
Hammond, Le Roy, soldier, life
of, XI, 436.
Hammond, Marcus Claudius
Marcellus, soldier, life of, XI,
437.
Hammond, Matthew Brown, on
agricultural credit and crop
mortgages in the South, V,
457; VI, 420.
on cotton production in the
South, VI, 87 et seq.
on the history of cotton plant-
ing in the South, V, 197 et
seq.
Hammond, Samuel, soldier, life
of, XI, 437. x
Hammond, William Alexander,
surgeon, general, medical
writer and novelist, life of,
XI, 438.
Hamor, Raphe, contributor to
natural history, VII, 241.
"Hampden" articles in the "Mis-
souri Gazette," III, 210.
Hampden, John, case in Eng-
land, IX, 12.
Hampden-Sidney College, Va.,
chartered, X, 224.
classical work in, VII, 154.
other references to, VII, 119,
307; X, 198.
Hampton, Anthony, settles in
South Carolina, II, 19.
Hampton, Wade, soldier, life of,
XI, 439.
Hampton, Wade, soldier and
politician, life of, XI, 439.
elected governor on "white"
ticket in South Carolina, II,
102.
in South Carolina politics, II,
52.
in the Civil War, II, 85, 87.
in Reconstruction, II, 94.
portrait, facing, II, 94.
Hampton Academy, VII, 167.
Hampton Normal and Agricul-
tural Institute, I, 140; VII,
537; X, 299.
Hampton Roads, sea fight in,
I, 124.
Hanckel, Marion S., kindergar-
ten work of, X, 383.
Hancock & Son maintain a pot-
tery for one year at Louis-
ville, Ky., X, 699.
Hancock, Harris, educator, VII,
211.
Hancock, W. S., military gov-
ernor of Louisiana, III, 152.
Hand, W. F., chemist, VII, 229.
"Handbook of Psychology," by
Baldwin, VII, 268.
Handel and Haydn Society, VII,
383.
Handfund, the, X, 409.
Hanna, H. H., and the Southern
Education Board, X, 391.
Hanover Academy, Virginia, X,
276; VII, 167.
Hanover Presbytery and Lib-
erty Hall, X, 224.
INDEX.
89
Hanson, Samuel, publisher of
"Columbian Chronicle," VII,
413.
"Happy is the Nation Whose
Kings are Philosophers and
Whose Philosophers are
Kings," speech by Browder,
IX, 441.
Harben, William Nathaniel
("Will N."), author, life of,
XI, 440.
Harby, Isaac, work of, X, 560.
Hardee, William Joseph, soldier,
life of, XI, 441.
at Missionary Ridge, II, 197.
in the Civil War, II, 84.
Harden, William, in the Revolu-
tion, II, 34.
on the colony of Georgia, II,
122.
Hardin, Ben Lee, speech "Moth-
er Eve," IX, 480.
Hardinge, Belle Boyd, life of,
XI, 443.
Hardy, John Crumpton, educa-
tor, life of, XI, 443.
Hargis, James, in Kentucky
feuds, I, 321.
Hargrove, Robert Kennon,
bishop, life of, XI, 443.
gives his library to Henrico
College, X, 198.
Harlan, Henry David, chief-
justice, life of, XI, 444.
Harlan, John M., in the Civil
War, I, 293.
Harmonic Society, VII, 377.
Harnett, Cornelius, colonial
statesman, life of, XI, 445.
in the Revolution, IX, 9, 29.
Harney, John Hopkins, journal-
ist and educator, XI, 445.
Harney, John Milton, physician
and poet, life of, XI, 446.
Harney, William Selby, soldier,
life of, XI, 446.
Harney, William Wallace, jour-
nalist, life of, XI, 447.
Harper, Robert Goodloe, politi-
cian, life of, XI, 447.
"Federalists," letter on, VII,
195.
in South Carolina politics, II,
52.
locates in West Virginia, X,
148.
Harper, Robert Goodloe, posi-
tion in national affairs, IX,
34.
Harper, William, jurist, life of,
XI, 448.
writer on economics, V, 572.
writer on slavery, VII, 184.
Harper's Ferry, scene of John
Brown's raid, I, 363.
"Harriet Lane," capture of, III,
411.
Harrington, Henry Hill, educa-
tor, life of, XI, 449.
scientist, VII, 229.
Harriott, Thomas, and the Ro-
anoke colony, I, 4; VII, 88.
"Brief and True Report of the
New Found Land of Vir-
ginia," VII, 240.
Harris, Abraham, Jewish teach-
er, X, 563.
Harris, C. J., educator, VII, 153.
Harris, George Washington, au-
thor, life of, XI, 449.
"Sut Lovingood Papers," VII,
73.
"Sut Lovingood Yarns" VII,
82.
Harris, Isham Green, lawyer,
senator, life of, XI, 450.
governor of Tennessee, II,
501, 504.
Harris, Joel Chandler, author,
life of, XI, 451.
against sectionalism in litera-
ture, VIII, Ixiv.
"Brother Wolf Says Grace,"
VIII, 232.
"Brother Rabbit and the Little
Girl," VIII, 238.
contribution to folk-lore study,
VII, 66.
first newspaper work, V, 551.
"Free Joe and Other Georgia
Sketches," extract from,
VIII, 242.
Introduction of negro stories
to North, VII, 289.
"Nights with Uncle Remus,"
extract from, VIII, 232, 238.
"On the Plantation," VIII, Hi.
portrait, facing, VII, 86.
"Uncle Remus," VIII, xlix, Hi;
X, 538.
Harris, Samuel, influence as a
preacher, IX, 133; X, 526.
90
INDEX.
Harris, Wiley P., in Mississippi
politics, II, 448.
on Mississippi at the outbreak
of war, II, 411.
Harris, William T., establishes
first public kindergarten in
the United States, X, 381.
on the influence of the kinder-
garten, X, 384.
Harrison, Benjamin, educated at
William and Mary, X, 239.
signer of the Declaration of
Independence, life of, XI,
452.
Harrison, Caskie, educator, VII,
156.
Harrison, Constance Gary, (Mrs.
Burton H.), author, life of,
XI, 453.
"Crow's Nest," VIII, 409.
portrait, facing, VIII, 409.
writings on Southern women,
VII, 292.
Harrison, George Paul, lawyer,
life of, XI, 454.
in command of Georgia state
troops, II, 180.
in the Civil War, II, 180.
Harrison, Gessner, "An Exposi-
tion of the Laws of the Latin
Grammar," VII, 140.
"Greek Prepositions and Their
Cases," VII, 140.
influence on Southern student
life, VII, 137.
succeeds Professor Long at
University of Virginia, X,
56.
work, estimate of, VII, 137.
Harrison, James Albert, philolo-
gist, educator, life of, XI,
455.
editor of "Library of .Anglo-
Saxon Poetry," VII, 131.
other references to, VII, 21,
127.
Harrison, William Henry, ninth
president of the United
States, life of, XI, 456.
campaign against Indians, I,
280.
victory of, on the Thames, IV,
265.
Harrisburg, Miss., battle of, II,
421.
Harrod, Benjamin Morgan,
civil engineer, life of. XI, 458.
Harrod, James, pioneer, life of,
XI, 458.
a pioneer of Kentucky, I, 242.
Hart, Albert Bushnell, on
Southern history, I, xxii.
quoted, X, 561.
Hart, Joel, sculptor, life of, XI,
459; references to, X, 680,
686.
Hartford convention, enact-
ments of, IV, 480.
on secession, IV, 480.
Hartwell, Jesse, president of
Mt. Lebanon University,
VII, 311.
Harvard prize essay by John
Lee, VII, 361.
Harvester Company, Interna-
tional, action against in
Texas, VI, 579.
Harvester, self-binding, VI, 105.
Harvey, Sir John, governor of
Virginia, removed from
office, IV, 7, 23.
Harvey, John, president of
North Carolina Provincial
Congress, I, 465.
Harvill, G. H., publisher of
"Mathematical Messenger,"
VII, 214.
Hassler, Ferdinand R., "Ele-
ments of Geometry," VII,
203, 204.
Hatch act, the, VI, 473; X, 372.
Hatcher, John E., editor and
poet, life of, XI, 460.
Hatch, John P., in the Civil
War, II, 84.
Haughery, Margaret, philan-
thropist, life of, XI, 460.
statue to, III, 181.
"Haunted Palace, The," by Poe,
VIII, 12.
Havana, English acquire two
provinces of Florida in ex-
change for, X, 106.
Hawaii, annexed to the United
States, VI, 386.
commercial treaty with, VI,
385.
relations with the United
States, IV, 653.
INDEX.
91
Hawkins, Benjamin, soldier and
politician, life of, XI, 461.
in the Georgia Indian trou-
bles, II, 157, 267; IV, 431.
Hawkins, John, at La Caroline,
X, 118.
Hawkins, Micajah Thomas, pol-
itician, life of, XI, 461.
Hawks, Cicero Stephens, cler-
gyman, life of, XI, 461.
Hawks, Francis Lister, lawyer,
clergyman and educator, life
of, XI, 461.
an eloquent preacher, IX, 68;
references to, VII, 100, 110,
112.
Hawks, John, architect, life of,
XI, 463.
Hawthorne, James B., influence
as a preacher, IX, 153.
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, "Twice
Told Tales," VIII, xx.
Hay, cultivation of, before the
war, VI, 117.
dependence of Southern cities
upon the North for, V, 226.
farming, its experimental pe-
riod, V, 223.
first census mention of, in
1840, V, 226.
increased Southern produc-
tion of, VI, 123.
Southern proportion of, in
1840, V, 226.
Southern statistics of, V, 228;
VI, 122.
Hayes, C. Willard, on iron and
manganese in the South, VI,
223.
Hayes, Rutherford B., election
of, to presidency, IV, 623.
Hay good, Atticus Green, cler-
gyman and educator, life of,
^XI, 463.
influence as a preacher, IX,
153; X, 495.
Hayne, Isaac, soldier, life of,
XI, 464.
Hayne, Paul Hamilton, poet,
life of, XI, 464.
letter of, to John Esten
Cooke, facing, XI, 464.
link between Simms and
Lanier, VII. 31.
works of, VII, 23, 30, 35, 39,
56.
Hayne, Robert Young, states-
man, life of, XI, 465.
career of, IX, 46.
debate with Webster, IX, 31,
94; IV, 334.
on state sovereignty, II, 76.
oratorical style, IX, 47.
portrait, facing, II, 76; IX,
342.
speech on "The South Caro-
lina Doctrine," IX, 342.
typical of American elo-
quence, IX, 36.
writings on transportation,
VII, 178.
Hayne, William Hamilton, au-
thor, life of, XI, 466; refer-
ence to, VII, 52.
Haynes, D. F. and Co., pottery,
X, 702.
Haynes, Landon Carter, lawyer
and politician, life of, XI,
467.
Haystack prayer meeting, X,
501.
Hayward, Richard, statue of
Botetourt, X, 683.
Haywood family, in North
Carolina, XI, 467.
Haywood, Edmund Burke, phy-
sician, life of, XI, 468.
Haywood, John, colonial pio-
neer and statesman, life of,
XI, 467-468.
Haywood, John, judge and his-
torian, life of, XI, 469.
"History of Tennessee and
Kentucky," VII, 104.
Haywood, John, politician, life
of, XI, 469.
lawyer, VII, 344.
library of, VII, 498.
Haywood, Richard B., physi-
cian, life of, XI, 469.
Haywood, William, Revolution-
ary patriot, life of, XI, 470.
Haywood, William H., lawyer
and politician, life of, XI,
470.
Headright in Virginia, I, 48.
Headrights, for acquiring land
titles, V, 45.
Health, conditions of, among
tenant whites and negroes,
VI, 595 et seq.
INDEX.
Health resort, economic aspect
of the South as a, VI, 629
et seq.
Southern climate favorable to,
VI, 629.
"Health, A," by Pinkney, VII,
14.
"Health, Comfort, Beauty and
Attractiveness," X, 423.
Heard, Thomas Jefferson, phy-
sician, life of, XI, 470.
Hearn, Lafcadio, author, life of,
XI, 471.
"Chita," VII, 323.
editor of "The Democrat,"
VII, 428.
on New Orleans, X, 62.
"Hearts of Oak," VII, 3.
Heath, Sir Robert, granted the
province of Carolina, I, 24;
IV, 10.
Hebard, John, describes early
boundaries of Arkansas, III,
271.
Hebert, Paul Octave, soldier,
life of, XI, 472.
in the Civil War, III, 410.
Hedrick, E. R., translator of
"Course d'Analyse Mathe-
matique," VII, 219.
Heiss, J. P., editor of "Nash-
ville Union," VII, 471.
Helper, Hinton Rowan, author,
life of, XI, 472.
"Nojoque," VII, 181.
on the impending crisis, IV,
346; VII, 181.
Hematite, Clinton, VI, 223.
Hemp, bounties offered for, V,
230.
compulsory raising of, V, 229.
convict labor proposed for
raising, V, 230.
culture, negro labor unfitted
for, V, 231.
demand for, in 1866, VI, 124,
125.
fabrics made of, V, 231.
forced establishment of the
protective system, V, 232.
importance of, during the Civil
War, V, 233.
interests of, sent Henry Clay
to congress, V, 232.
large market for, in making
binder twine, VI, 127.
Hemp, small export of, V, 230.
Southern production of, V,
229-235; VI, 124-127.
still a staple in Kentucky, VI,
125.
Hemphill, James C., on the in-
fluence of the press in
Southern economic develop-
ment, V, 546-551; VI, 536-
542.
Hemphill, John, lawyer and
politician, life of, XI, 473.
Hempstead, Fay, on Arkansas
from 1836 to 1861, III, 293
et seq.
on Arkansas from 1861 to
1909, III, 307 et seq.
Henderson, Archibald, educator,
VII, 216.
Henderson, James Pinckney,
public official, life of, XJ,
473.
first governor of Texas, III,
382.
in the Mexican War, III, 385.
Henderson, J. T., educator, X,
506.
Henderson, Richard, pioneer
and jurist, life of, XI, 474.
organizes the Transylvania
Company, I, 245, 261; X, 559.
Hendrix, Eugene Russell,
bishop, life of, XI, 475.
influence as a preacher, IX,
152.
Hendrix College, Arkansas, X,
232.
Henkle, Charles, clergyman, life
of, XI, 476.
Henkle, Paul, clergyman, life of,
XI, 476.
Henneman, John Bell, educator,
life of, XI, 477.
estimate of James Lane Allen,
VIII, 330.
on "English Studies in the
South," VII, 115.
Hennepin, Father, reports a
"cole mine" on the Illinois
river, VI, 173.
Hennig, William Walter, law-
yer, life of, XI, 477.
Henricp College, Virginia, or-
ganized, X, 198.
destroyed, X, 442.
INDEX.
93
Henrico, Va., hospital built at,
X, 442.
Henrys of Virginia, the, XI,
480.
Henry, Edward Lamson, artist,
life of, XI, 478; reference to,
X, 680.
Henry, Gustavus Adolphus, pol-
itician, life of, XI, 479.
Henry, Patrick, statesman and
orator, life of, XI, 481.
career of, IX, 18.
denounces clergy, X, 474.
eloquence of, IX, 6; X, xxii.
entrance into public life, I,
74.
extract from "Speech on the
Federal Constitution," IX,
175.
favors a protective tariff, V,
487.
first governor of Common-
wealth of Virginia, I, 95.
influence as a lawyer, IX, 122.
influence upon Revolution,
IX, 92.
influenced by Rev. Samuel
Davies, X, 473.
in the "Parson's Cause," IX,
121, 105.
letter of, facing, VI, 482.
opposes Federal constitution,
I, 103.
opposition to the tyranny of
the Established Church, X,
324.
portrait, facing, IX, 171.
resolution against the Stamp
Act, X, 475.
slavery condemned by, V,
109.
speech at second convention,
I, 81.
speech which started the
Revolution, IX, 15, 20.
text of speech, "Appeal to
Arms," IX, 171.
urges resolution against the
Stamp Act, IV, 46, 47; IX,
90.
Henry, Robert L., speech upon
the Panama Canal, IX, 82.
Henry, William Wirt, life of,
XI, 486.
Hentz, Caroline Lee (Whiting),
author, life of, XI, 487.
Hepburn act of 1906, the, VI,
460.
Herbert, H. A., historical
sketches of, VII, 111.
Herefords, imported by Henry
Clay, V, 247.
herds of, VI, 142.
Heriot, Thomas, suggests hemp
and flax raising in North
Carolina, V, 229.
Hernandez and Saloy and the
Louisiana porcelain works,
X, 710.
Herndon, William Lewis, naval
official, life of, XI, 488.
Herrman, Augustine, founder
of tobacco export trade, X,
140.
founds "free denature school
and college," X, 189.
Herty, Charles H., chemist, VII,
229.
Heustis, Jabez Wiggins, author
and physician, life of, XI,
489.
Heustis, James Fountain, phy-
sician, life of, XI, 489.
Hewes, Joseph, share in Rev-
olutionary movement, I, 461.
Heydenfeldt, Solomon, opposes
slavery, X, 155.
Heyward, Thomas, Jr., signer
of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence, life of, XI, 490;
reference to, X, 364.
Hidalgo, Francisco, mission to
Tejas Indians, III, 339.
Hides and peltry, trade in, V,
263.
High civic ideals, influence of
Southern Protestantism on,
X, 536.
High school, now generally
recognized in the South as
an essential part of public
school system, X, 413.
High schools, state support of,
in the South, X, 277.
Higher education, importance
of University of Virginia to,
VII, 136.
of women in the South, X,
254, 258.
since the war, inside history
of, X, 232.
94
INDEX.
"Higher Education in South
Carolina, The," X, 359.
Highway departments, state,
VI, 321.
Highways, national appropria-
tions for, IV, 380.
in the South, 1865-1910, VI,
320 et seq.
river, V, 340.
Hilgard, Eugene Woldemar,
scientist, life of, XI, 491.
Hill, Ambrose Powell, soldier,
life of, XI, 491.
Hill, Benjamin Harvey, advo-
cate and statesman, life of,
XI, 494.
career of, IX, 60.
contrasted with Stephens
Toombs, IX, 62.
debate with Elaine, IX, 93.
in political life, II, 170.
in the Tilden-Hayes contest,
II, 112.
oration, "The Stars and
Stripes," IV, 354.
oratorical style, IX, 61.
portrait, facing, IX, 354.
quoted, IX, 374.
speech at Atlanta, IX, 72.
Hill, Daniel Harvey, soldier,
life of, XI, 495.
in the Civil War, I, 484.
Hill, G. W., educator, VII, 200.
Hill, Joshua, lawyer, life of, XI,
497.
Hill, Theophilus Hunter, edi-
tor and poet, life of, XI,
498.
Hill, Walter Henry, clergyman
and educator, life of, XI, 498.
Milliard, Henry Washington,
lawyer, politician and author,
life of, XI, 499.
rivalry with Yancey, IX, 67.
Hillman, Walter, president of
Mississippi College, VII, 310.
Hindman, Thomas Carmichael,
soldier, life of, XI, 500.
in the Civil War, III, 310.
Hinton, Mary, historical work
of, X, 636.
Historical English Studies in
America, VII, 119.
Historical influence of Johns
Hopkins University, VII,
520.
Historical Magazine, VII, 513.
Historical societies after the
war, VII, 513.
books prepared by, VII, 511.
prospects of, VII, 521.
Southern, VII, 497, 511-521.
state, aided by Owen, VII,
. 514 '.
Historical studies in educa-
tional institutions, VII, 519.
Historical studies in the South,
VII, 88.
Historical writers of the South,
.new, VII, 110.
Historical writings after the
war, VII, 107.
in "Sewanee Review," VII,
521.
in "South Atlantic Quarterly,"
VII, 521.
"History of a Suit in Equity,
The," published by Judge A.
Caruthers, X, 337.
History of churches preserved
by religious dissemination,
VII, 521.
History of court of chancery,
writings on by Robinson,
VII, 332.
"History of Medicine and Sur-
gery in Georgia," by Grandy,
VII, 365.
"History of North Carolina," by
Williamson, VII, 358.
"History of the Dividing Line,"
by Byrd, VII, 73.
"History of the Revolutionary
War, The," by Ramsey, VII,
358.
Hite (Haid), Jacob, founds Leg-
town, W. Va., X, 148.
"Hive of the Bee-Hunter, The,"
by Thorpe, VII, 72, 73, 91.
Hoar, Samuel, attempt of, to
bring test slavery case in
South Carolina, IV, 405.
Hobkirk's Hill, S. C., British de-
feat Americans at, 1781, IV.
Hobson, Richmond Pearson,
naval officer, politician and
author, life of, XI, 500.
in Spanish-American War, II,
322.
Hodgson, superintendent of ed-
ucation in Alabama, II, 306.
INDEX.
95
Hofer, Amalie, and the Southern
Kindergarten Association, X,
383.
Hoffman, Frederick L., on life
insurance in the South, V,
638 et seq.; VI, 625 et seq.
student of negro race, VII, 181.
"Hog and Hominy" crusade, VI,
538.
Hogs, Kentucky industry in, V,
251.
progress in Southern breeding
of, VI, 146.
Hoge, Moses Drury, clergyman,
life of, XI, 501.
an eloquent preacher, IX, 68.
influence as a preacher, IX,
141.
portrait, facing, IX, 140.
runs blockade to obtain Bibles
from England, X, 522.
Hogg, Thomas D., in the Civil
War, I, 487.
Hogue, Addison, "Irregular
Verbs of Attic Prose," VII,
153.
Hoke, Robert Frederick, soldier
and railway official, life of,
XI, 502.
captures Plymouth, N. C., I,
492.
in the Civil War, I, 492.
Holbrook, John Edward, natur-
alist, life of, XI, 502; refer-
ence to, VII, 248.
Holcombe, William Henry, phy-
sician and author, life of, XI,
503.
author of "A Mystery of New
Orleans," VII, 323.
influence as a preacher, IX,
135.
Holden, William Woods, jour-
nalist and politician, life of,
XI, 503.
and Reconstruction in North
Carolina, I, 498.
governor of North Carolina,
I, 503; impeachment of, I, 506.
Holford bonds, in Arkansas, III,
299, 323.
Holland, early trade with, I, 28.
individualization of, X, 210.
Hollander, Jacob H., on the
state finances of Maryland,
V, 518-523; VI, 498-501.
Hollander, Jacob H., work in
economics, VI, 547.
Holley, Horace, president of
Transylvania University,
VII, 305; X, 331.
Hollins Institute, Va., X, 254.
Hollis, historian, VII, 110.
Holmes, David, governor of
Mississippi, II, 373, 381.
Holmes, George Frederick, ed-
ucator, life of, XI, 505.
histories by, VII, 121.
Holmes, Isaac Edward, lawyer
and politician, XI, 506.
Holmes, Theophilus Hunter,
soldier, life of, XI, 506.
in the Civil War, III, 311,
410.
Holt, J., report of, on Demer-
ara sugar cane, V, 188.
Holt, John Saunders, soldier,
lawyer and author, life of,
XI, 507.
"Holy Club," the, at Oxford,
and George Whitefield, X,
460.
Home life in early Virginia, I,
65.
Home, the, city, social and
economic forces working
against, X, 671.
the typical, of the South, X,
660.
Home employment company,
VI, 582.
Home for Incurables, Rich-
mond, Va., founded by Miss
Mary Greenhow, X, 628.
Home for Needy Confederate
Women, Richmond, Va., X,
628.
Homes for Confederate veter-
ans, VI, 448.
Homespun linen, production of,
V, 233.
Homestead Act, the, VI, 28.
Homestead acts, benefits of, VI,
35.
Homestead legislation, advo-
cates of, V, 72.
Homesteads, noted colonial, X,
691.
Honey Hill, S. C., battle of, II,
84.
Hood, John Bell, soldier and
general, life of, XI, 507.
96
INDEX.
Hood, John Bell, in command
of Southern army in Georgia,
II, 206.
military operations of, in Ten-
nessee, II, 516.
Hookworm disease, among
Southern whites, VI, 595, 598.
Hooper, Johnson Jones, lawyer
and humorist, life of, XI, 509.
career of, VIII, xliv; VII, 150.
editor of "Chambers' Tribune,"
VII, 77.
editor of "Tallapoosa Ban-
ner," VII, 77.
"Simon Suggs," VII, 76.
"Simon Suggs, Adventures
of," extract from, VIII, 186,
199.
Hooper, William, clergyman and
educator, life of, XI, 510.
share in Revolutionary move-
ment, I, 46.
"Hoosier in Search of Justice,
A," by Thorpe, VII, 81.
Hope, James Baron, poet, life of,
XI, 511.
"Charge at Balaklava," VII,
18.
editor of "Norfolk Land-
mark," VII, 29.
"Three Summer Studies,"
VII, 18.
Hopewell, treaty of, 1786, the,
X, 161.
Hopkins, Arthur Francis, jur-
ist, life of, XI, 512.
Hopkins, Johns, philanthropist,
life of, XI, 512.
endows university and hospi-
tal, I, 230.
Hopkins, Samuel, soldier, life
of, XI, 513.
Hops, cultivation of, V, 240.
Hopson, Winthrop Hartly,
clergyman and educator, life
of, XI, 514.
Horner School, the, VII, 170.
Horry, Daniel, plantation home
of, V, 173.
Horry, Peter, Revolutionary
soldier, life of, XI, 514.
Horses, American saddle, V,
245; VI, 138.
breeding, Southern, V, 242 et
seq.; VI, 137 et seq.
Horses, development of, in the
South, V, 242-246; VI, 137-
140.
export of, prohibited, V, 247.
imported, V, 244.
Kentucky, V, 245; VI, 137.
Missouri, VI, 138.
Morgan Kentucky, V, 245.
native light, V, 246.
racing, V, 243.
standard bred, V, 245; VI, 138.
wild, descendants of Spanish
estrays, X, 137.
Horseshoe Bend, defeat of
Creeks at, 1814; IV, 269.
"Horse-Shoe Robinson," by
Kennedy, VIII, xxiii, xxxvi.
extract from, VIII, 102, 115.
"Horse Swap, The," by Long-
street, VIII, 170.
Horticulture, commercial,
growth of, VI, 23.
Hoskins, James D., on Tennes-
see as a part of the Confed-
eracy, II, 503 et seq.
on Tennessee as a state, II,
480 et seq.
Hotchkiss, Jedekiah, engineer
and author, life of, 514.
Hot Springs, Ark., probably dis-
covered by De Soto, III, 264.
House of Burgesses, first meet-
ing of, held in Jamestown
church, X, 442.
"House on Balfour Street, The,"
by Dimitry, VII, 323.
Household manufactures, V, 303,
307, 309, 312, 317; VI, 255.
Houses, inferior, of Southern
tenants, VI, 598.
Houston, David Franklin, edu-
cator, life of, XI, 515.
Houston, E. J., scientist, VII,
236.
Houston, George Smith, lawyer
and politician, life of, XI, 515.
governor of Alabama, II, 308.
Houston, Samuel, soldier and
statesman, life of, XI, 516.
administration of Texas gov-
ernment, III, 374.
attitude toward secession, III,
399.
commander of Texan army,
III, 365.
INDEX.
97
Houston, Samuel, first presi-
dent of Republic of Texas,
III, 367.
governor of Tennessee, II,
490.
in national politics, II 1, 388, 390.
in the Indian wars, II, 487.
portrait, facing, III, 374.
routs Santa Anna at San Ja-
cinto, III, 366.
Western type of Southern or-
igin, VII, 276.
Houston, Rev. Samuel, in early
Tennessee affairs, II, 474.
Houston, William, Georgia del-
egate to Constitutional Con-
vention, II, 151.
Houston, William Churchill,
lawyer and politician, life of,
XI, 518.
Houston, Texas, speech of R. L.
Henry, at, IX, 82.
Houston Normal School of
Texas, X, 297.
Howard, Benjamin A., governor
of territory of Arkansas, III,
273.
Howard, John Eager, Revolu-
tionary soldier and governor,
life of, XI, 517.
at the battle of Cowpens, IX,
91.
in the Revolution, I, 185.
Howard, O. O., appointed head
of Freedmen's Bureau, IV,
595.
Howard College, Ala., S. S.
Sherman, president of, VII,
309.
Howard University, Wash., VII,
538.
Howe, George, New England
president of Columbia Theo-
logical Seminary, VII, 303.
Howe, James Lewis, 1 chemist,
VII, 229.
Howe, John de la, of Abbeville,
S. C., bequest for an agricul-
tural school, X, 359.
Howe, Robert, politician and
soldier, life of, XI, 519.
in the Revolution, II, 148.
Howe, William Wirt, jurist, life
of, XI, 520.
"Municipal History of New
Orleans," VII, 335.
7
Howe, William Wirt, "Studies
in Civil Law," VII, 336.
Howell, Clark, editor and poli-
tician, life of, XI, 521.
on post-bellum oratory in the
South, IX, 70.
Howell, Rednap, in the North
Carolina Regulators, IX, 8.
Howell, Robert Boyte Craw-
ford, clergyman, life of, XI,
522.
Howison, Robert Reid, lawyer,
clergyman and author, life
of, XI, 522.
"Hub, The," edited by Grimke
(negro), VII, 535.
Hubbell, George A., on Ken-
tucky in the new nation, I,
304 et seq.
Hubner, Charles William, poet,
critic and journalist, life of,
XI, 523.
Huebner, Solomon S., on the
development of foreign com-
merce of the South, VI, 351
et seq.
on the development of the in-
terstate commerce of the
South, VI, 357 et seq.
on the foreign commerce of
the South, V, 393 et seq.
on the interstate commerce of
the South, V, 404 et seq.
on the merchant marine of
the South, V, 367-372; V, 329-
333.
Huger, Benjamin, soldier, life
of, XI, 524.
Huger, Francis Kinloch, soldier,
life of, XI, 524.
Huger, Isaac, soldier, life of, XI,
525.
Hughes, Henry, slavery advo-
cate, VII, 184.
Huguenots, expedition of, to
South Carolina, II, 3.
in Florida, III, 8.
in North Carolina, IX, 7.
in South Carolina, V, 17; X,
44, 46.
settlement of, in Virginia, V,
13.
their cloth-making, V, 303.
Huicar, Juan, Spanish sculptor
in Texas, III, 343.
98
INDEX.
Hull, Hope, clergyman, life of,
XI, 525.
Hull, John Leslie, educator,
VII, 127.
Hull, William, surrender of De-
troit by, I, 281.
Hume, Thomas, educator and
author, life of, XI, 526.
educator, VII, 124.
Humor, Southern, first place in,
given to Longstreet, VII, 73.
Humorous writers of the South,
list of, VII, 71.
Humphreys, Benjamin G., gov-
ernor of Mississippi, II, 429.
portrait, facing, II, 430.
Humphreys, Hector, clergyman
and educator, life of, XI, 526.
Humphreys, Milton Wylie, ed-
ucator, life of, XI, 527.
"Antigone," VII, 148.
"Clouds," VII, 148.
founder of Roman pronuncia-
tion of Latin in American
colleges, VII, 147.
influence upon universities of
South, VII, 128, 140, 147, 155.
Humphreys, W. J., scientist,
VII, 236.
Hundley, D. R., "Social Rela-
tions in Our Southern
States," VII, 188.
Hunt, Memucan, mission from
Texas to Van Buren, III,
372.
Hunt, Randell, lawyer and ora-
tor, life of, XI, 528.
Hunt, Robert, and the James-
town settlers, X, 439.
Hunt, Thomas F., on cereal
farming in the South, V, 212-
222; VI, 104-117.
Hunt, William C., on population
of the South, V, 606 et seq.;
VI, 601 et seq.
Hunter, Alexander, work on
school board, X, 360.
Hunter, Andrew, clergyman, ed-
ucator, life of, XI, 528.
Hunter, David, in the Civil
War, III, 58, 186.
Hunter, James, in the North
Carolina Regulators, IX, 8.
Hunter, John Dunn, writer, life
of, XI, 528.
Hunter, Robert Mercer Talia-
ferro, statesman, life of, XI,
529.
Hunter, Robert W., on Virginia
in the Confederacy, I, 113.
Hunters, French, on Mississippi
and Missouri rivers, V, 338.
Hunting, by non-residents, pro-
hibition of, V, 265; VI, 172.
colonial laws governing, V,
264.
in Virginia, I, 70.
Sunday, prohibition of, V,
265.
Hunton, Eppa, soldier, lawyer
and politician, life of, XI, 530.
Huntsville, Ala., early growth
of, II, 264.
first constitutional convention
of Alabama held at, II, 272.
Hurlbut, Stephen Augustus, sol-
dier and diplomat, life of,
XI, 531.
Hurlbut, William Henry, jour-
nalist, life of, XI, 531.
Husbandry, animal, need of, in
the South, VI, 110, 117.
patrons of, organized in 1867,
VI, 580.
Husbands, Harmon, incites the
Regulator rebellion in North
Carolina, IX, 8.
Hutchison, Miller Reese, engi-
neer and inventor, life of,
XI, 532.
Hutson, Charles Woodward,
educator and author, life of,
XI, 533.
on Texas as a part of Mexico,
III, 335.
Hyde, Edward, made governor
of Albemarle, IV, 12.
troubles with Indians in
North Carolina, I, 433.
Hyer, P. Stewart, "Laws of
Hypnotism, The," VII, 265.
"Hymng to the Gods," by Pike,
VII, 15.
INDEX.
99
Iberville, Pierre Le Moyne, d',
first European to settle
Louisiana, III, 87.
and Bienville colonize Louis-
iana, X, 121.
builds fort at Biloxi, III, 270.
discovers mouth of Mississ-
ippi, II, 251, 341.
said to have planted sugar
cane in Louisiana, V, 184.
Ildefonso, treaty of, V, 56.
"Iliad," edited by Sterrett, VII,
159.
Illinois admitted into Union,
IV, 459.
corn its chief agricultural
product, V, 213.
county of, organized, I, 100.
Illinois river, to connect the
Great Lakes with the Mis-
sissippi, VI, 649.
Illiteracy, decrease of, in mill
communities, X, 594.
high percentage of, among
the people of the South after
Reconstruction, X, 425.
Immigrants, few in the Recon-
struction period, VI, 13.
nationalities of, V, 597.
Immigration association, South-
ern, VI, 588.
foreign, its influence upon
sectionalism, V, 657.
from Virginia and North Car-
olina, X, 106.
German, effect of, V, 383.
slight effect of, on Southern
labor, VI, 46.
Southern, statistics of, VI,
587.
Southern, great falling off in,
VI, 584, 588.
steps taken to secure, in the
South, VI, 590 et seq.
to the Southern States, 1783-
1865, V, 595 et seq.; VI, 584
et seq.
"Impending Crisis," by Hinton
R. Helper, IV, 346; VII, 181.
"Imperial Observer and Wash-
ington Advertiser," publish-
ed by T. Wilson, VII, 414.
Imperialism, speech against, by
Vest, IX, 79.
Imports, early, V, 338.
Southern, in 1908, VI, 353,
356.
Import trade, North Atlantic
states center of, V, 396.
Improved Order of Red Men,
X, 648.
Income tax declared unconsti-
tutional, IV, 457.
urged by South, IV, 457.
Independence, close relation of
industrial and political, V,
309.
Independence, Declaration of,
circumstances of writing,
IV, 70.
Independent Order of Good
Templars, the, X, 571.
Independent Order of Odd Fel-
lows, X, 648.
Independent treasury, plan for,
IV, 365.
India, failure to promote cotton
culture in, V, 388.
Indian folk-lore, VII, 61, 63, 64.
affairs placed under Interior
Department, IV, 440.
influence in negro folk-lore,
VII, 65.
legend of Milky Way, VII, 63.
massacre of 1622, IV, 22.
myths, animals in, VII, 63.
policy pursued by Federal
government, IV, 426.
population of the South, V,
21 et seq.
problem of the South, plans
for solution of, IV, 196, 423.
tribes, deportation of, IV, 197.
tribes of the South, IV, 194.
troubles in Maryland, I, 163.
uprising against Virginia col-
onists, I, 20.
Indians, as a labor factor in
Oklahoma and Indian Terri-
tory, VI, 62-65.
Cherokee, property of, IV,
436.
Chickasaw, removal of, to In-
dian Territory, IV, 438.
100
INDEX.
Indians, compensation for their
lands, V, 43.
Creek, end of war with, IV,
432.
Creek, missionaries among,
IV, 430.
folk-lore of, VII, 61, 63, 64.
granted road-building rights,
V, 345.
in Alabama, II, 245, 267, 276.
in Arkansas, III, 266.
in Florida, III, 13, 17, 24, 32,
33
in Georgia, II, 125, 128, 139,
156, 159.
in Kentucky, I, 277, 280.
in Louisiana, III, 89.
in Maryland, I, 151.
in Mississippi, II, 335, 344,
366.
in Missouri, III, 205.
in North Carolina, I, 433.
in South Carolina, II, 10.
instigated by British to attack
colonists, 1776, IV, 69.
in Tennesseje, II, 462.
kidnapped by Spanish traders,
III, 4.
method of cultivating tobacco
adopted by whites, V, 162.
missionaries among, IV, 428.
Muscogee, cede territory to
Georgia, IV, 435. ,
Muscogee confederacy, ef-
fects of missionaries on, IV,
429.
number of various tribes in
United States, IV, 423.
problems of, which have con-
fronted the Federal govern-
ment, IV, 441.
progress of, VI, 65.
Southern, friendly to the Eng-
lish, V, 24.
Southern, industries and
thrift, V, 24.
Southern, slaves freed by, V,
24.
teach colonists to raise corn,
V, 215.
treaties with, in Arkansas, III,
268, 277.
treatment of, Clay's views
upon, IX, 193.
use of wild fruits, V, 240.
Indians, wars with, in West Vir-
ginia, I, 339, 345.
See also Cherokees, Chicka-
saws, Choctaws, Creeks,
Seminoles, etc.
Indian Spring treaty and con-
troversy, II, 161.
Indian Territory, no general
fiscal system in, VI, 532.
tribal and Federal financial
control in, VI, 532.
various tribes of, IV, 439.
Indian Wars, French and, I, 41.
Indigo, colonial bounty on its
culture, V, 178.
commercial, how manufac-
tured, V, 179.
culture of, in the South, V,
178 et seq.
description of the plants, V,
179.
dye from, V, 179.
export of, V, 181.
foreign trade in, V, 393.
grading of, V, 180.
importance of, in the develop-
ment of South Carolina, V,
181.
in South Carolina, II, 17.
introduced into Georgia, V,
182.
introduced into South Caro-
lina by a Southern woman,
X. 623.
price of, V, 180.
rapid decline of its culture, V,
182.
successfully established cul-
ture of, V, 178.
supplanted by cotton, V, 182,
201.
trade in America, II, 259.
trial and development of, V,
152.
two varieties of, V, 180.
why its culture has been aban-
doned, V, 183.
"Individual, The," by Shaler,
VII, 266.
Inductive Geometry, by Bonny-
castle, VII, 204.
Industrial centers during the
Civil War, V, 148.
college, cooperative, VI, 582.
development and the press,
VII, 430.
INDEX.
101
Industrial development in the
South, W. Rose on, X, 302.
distress following the Revolu-
tion, felt in slave-holding
states, V, 109.
revolution of 1775-1793, V, 109.
revolution, when begun in the
South, I, xl; X, 654.
tendency, the, in the nine-
teenth century, X, 210.
Industrial commission, the, re-
port of, on distribution of
products, V, 407, 408, 413.
Industrial institute and college
for women at Columbus, X,
409.
Industrializing of the South, X,
657.
Industries, difficulties of the
Confederate government
with, V, 479.
forest, growth of, VI, 151.
homespun, V, 310.
new food-producing, VI, 23.
not created by foreign rela-
tions, V, 311.
Southern, during the Civil
War, V, 148, 668 et seq.
staple, growth of, V, 78.
Industry, "captains" of, VI, 479.
cooperative, in the South, VI,
580-583.
crisis in Southern, V, 330.
discrimination against negroes
in, V, 477.
paternalistic regulation of, V,
475.
planters' burden of reorgan-
izing, VI, 345.
reaction in, V, 313.
Southern, activities of the
Federal government in, V,
482 et seq.
Southern, beyond the exper-
imental stage, VI, 266.
Southern, influence of the
Panama Canal on, VI, 642
et seq.
Southern, paralyzed by the
war of 1812, V, 383.
Southern, state and Federal
governmental regulation in,
VI, 454 et seq.
Southern, state and local
governmental activity in, VI,
439 et seq.
Industry, state and local public
regulation of, V, 475 et seq.
Inefficient private and denomi-
national academies, gradual
disappearance of, X, 414.
Influence of American literature
on culture of people, VII,
284.
of books on South, VII, 510.
of English courses on various
colleges, VII, 127.
of Judaism in the South, X,
552.
Influx of New England type into
South, VII, 277.
Ingalls, John J., attitude toward
South, IX, 93.
Ingalls, Walter R., on lead min-
ing, V, 286.
"Ingersoll's Resolution of In-
quiry into the Conduct of
Daniel Webster, in opening
the contingent fund while
Secretary of State," speech
by Yancey, IX, 329.
Ingle, Edward, editor and au-
thor, life of, XI, 533.
and illiteracy in the South, X,
29.
economic writer, VI, 547.
writer on church history, VII,
112.
Ingle, Richard, expedition of,
against Maryland, I, 158.
Ingraham, Duncan Nathaniel,
naval officer, life of, XI, 534.
Ingraham, Joseph Holt, clergy-
man, life of, XI, 534.
Ingraham, Prentiss I., soldier
and author, life of, XI, 535.
"In Harbor," by Hayne, VII, 30.
Inoculation for smallpox, VII,
359.
"Inquiry Into the Causes Which
Have Retarded the Accumu-
lation of Wealth and Increase
of Population in the South-
ern States," by Goodloe, VII,
186.
"Inquiry Into the Principles
and Policy of the Govern-
ment of the United States,"
by Taylor, VII, 193.
Insane, early provision for treat-
ment of, in the South, X,
599.
102
INDEX.
"Inscriptions of Sebaste, Assos
and Tralles," edited by Ster-
rett, VII, 159.
Insects, damage by, lessened
through experiment station
work, VI, 475.
Institutes, farmers', VI, 471.
Institution for insane, first, VII,
358.
Institutions of learning, private,
I, liii.
Insurance companies, supervis-
ion of, VI, 464.
life, in the South, V, 638 et
seq.; VI, 625 et seq.
life, progress of, since the
war, VI, 626-628.
life, Southern conditions af-
fecting, VI, 626.
life, state supervision of, VI,
628.
marine and fire, V, 631.
property, in the South, V, 631
et seq.; VI, 621 et seq.
property, damage to, by fraud-
ulent business, VI, 622, 624.
property, failure of companies
engaged in, VI, 623.
property, improved by the
National Board of Under-
writers, VI, 622.
property, legislative regula-
tion of, VI, 622.
property, local assessment
companies in, VI, 622.
property, of Southern com-
panies, VI, 624.
property, "stock-note" meth-
ods in, VI, 621.
slave, V, 637.
state department of, VI, 623.
state regulation of, VI, 545.
"wild-cat," VI, 621.
Integrity of democracy, a pro-
hibition issue, X, 578.
Intellectual and literary pro-
gress of the negro, VII, 522.
life of the South, history of,
VII, 1 et seq.
progress of the negroid, VII,
525.
"Intelligencer," established by
Moffet, VII, 420.
"Interior with Portraits, An,"
by Cooke, VIII, 159.
Intermarriage of Jews and non-
Jews in the Old South, X,
157.
Internal improvements, boards
of, V, 552.
debates on, V, 75.
developments of, IV, 163, 457.
Federal and state aid to, VI,
333 et seq.
Gallatin's scheme of, V, 487.
in the South, V, 340, 346, 351
et seq.
involved in public land ques-
tion, V, 72.
state appropriations for, IV,
379.
Internal revenue taxes, IV, 367.
International Cotton Exposi-
tion, II, 230.
International Harvester Com-
pany, Texas action against,
VI, 579.
International Kindergarten
Union, meeting of, at New
Orleans, X, 383.
"International Public Law," by
Taylor, VII, 336.
International Sunday School As-
sociation, X, 498.
International Sunday School
Convention at Atlanta, X,
497.
International Uniform Lesson
System, and the Sunday
school movement, X, 497.
"Interpretation of Nature, The,"
by Shaler, VII, 266.
Interstate commerce of the
South, V, 404; VI, 459, 462.
congress's right to control,
IV, 470.
diversified traffic in, VI, 362.
lack of statistics regarding,
VI, 359.
leading Southern commodi-
ties in, VI, 359.
movements of Southern traf-
fic in, VI, 359 et seq.
railroad diversion of, VI, 360.
Southern changes in volume
and character of, VI, 357.
Interstate Commerce Act, the,
VI, 311, 328, 459.
Interstate Commerce Commis-
sion, the, Southern cases de-
cided by, VI, 459.
INDEX.
103
Interstate Commerce Commis-
sion, the, value of its work,
VI, 459.
Interstate controversies, IV, 135.
Invention, Southern contribu-
tion to, VI, 297.
Inventions, great, of the indus-
trial revolution, 1775-1793,
V, 109.
Iowa, corn its chief agricultural
product, V, 213.
farm laborers in, X, 609.
Iredell, James, jurist, life of, XI,
536.
Iredell, James, Jr., lawyer, life
of, XI, 536.
Iron, Clinton hematite, VI, 223.
foundries, operated for the
Confederate government, V,
480.
furnace, V, 326.
furnaces, in Southern states,
VI, 226 et seq.; 272 et seq.
industry, V, 305, 326; VI, 226
et seq.
industry, centralization of, VI,
277.
industry, in the New South,
VI, 178.
industry, its modern develop-
ment in the South, VI, 268 et
seq.
industry, modern, its begin-
ning in the South, VI, 226.
industry, revolution in, VI, 226.
industry, Southern, benefit of
the Panama Canal to, VI, 645.
ores, brown, in Southern
states, VI, 224.
ores, "mountain and valley,"
brown, VI, 223.
ores, Oriskany brown, VI, 224.
ores, various types of, in the
South, VI, 225.
pig, export of, V, 305.
pig, increase of, VI, 259.
pig, work of states in, V, 326.
production of, in the South,
V, 283-286; yi, 223 et seq.
resources of, in the South, VI,
638.
Southern export of, VI, 276.
Iron, wide distribution of, in the
South, VI, 223.
Iron and Coal Company, Ten-
nessee, absorbed by the
United States Steel Corpor-
ation, VI, 277.
Iron Company, Southern, VI,
278.
Ironware, superiority of South-
ern, V, 306.
Iroquois, Southern branch of
the, V, 22.
"Irregular Verbs of Attic
Prose," by Hogue, VII, 153.
Irrigation, improvement of, by
experiment stations, VI, 475.
Irving, John Beaufain, painter,
life of, VI, 537; reference to,
X, 680.
Irving, Washington, friendship
with Kennedy, VIII, xxxv.
on Cheves's oratory, IX, 35.
Irwin, Jared, soldier and politi-
cian, life of, XI, 537.
"Is Davis a Traitor?" by Bled-
soe, X, 520.
Isolation of the South, X, 211.
Italy, nationalization of, X, 210.
shipments of cotton to, VI,
356.
Italians, superiority of, as la-
borers to the negro, VI, 593.
Iturbide's laws of colonization,
IV, 246.
Iverson, Alfred, politician, life
of, XI, 538.
Iverson, Alfred, Jr., life of, XI,
538.
Ives, Bishop, patron of agricul-
tural school, X, 362.
Izard, George, soldier, life of,
XI, 539.
made major-general in 1814,
IV, 266.
territorial governor of Arkan-
sas, III, 283.
Izard, Ralph, patriot, life of, XI,
540.
aids in creating an art atmos-
phere, X, 49.
104
INDEX.
Jack, James, in the Revolution,
IX, 29.
Jackson, Andrew, statesman,
life of, XI, 540.
as political leader, IV, 329;
X, 647, 648.
attains fame in war of 1812,
II, 486.
captures Pensacola and Mo-
bile, II, 487.
crushes Indians in war of
1812, II, 157.
debate with Calhoun, IX, 95.
defeats British forces at New
Orleans, II, 487; IV, 270.
defeats Creeks at Horseshoe
Bend, IV, 269.
destroys Bank of the United
States, V, 451.
differing views with Calhoun
on States' Rights, IX, 41.
elected president, II, 491; IV,
323.
first of rural type to affect
culture of country, VII, 275.
first territorial governor of
Florida, III, 22.
fortifies Mobile Bay against
British, II, 268.
fortifies New Orleans, IV, 270.
his treatment of Indian pris-
oners attacked by Clay, IX,
193.
his treatment of Spanish, IX,
217.
home of, X, 659.
in Tennessee politics, II, 482.
interest in the Texas question,
III, 368.
letter of, to Francis Blair,
facing, XI, 540.
made major-general, II, 487;
IV, 269.
military operations in Florida,
III, 19.
military operations in Louis-
iana, III, 127.
on secession, II, 503.
on the Cherokee controversy,
II, 164.
political belief of, IV, 345.
popularity of, in Alabama, II,
280.
Jackson, Andrew, popularity of,
in Mississippi, II, 399.
portrait, facing, II, 482.
question of birthplace, II, 65.
rivalry with Sevier, II, 486.
share in moulding Alabama,
II, 271.
subdues Southern Indians, II,
268, 487; X, 162.
vetoes renewal of charter of
national bank, IV, 364.
Jackson, Claiborne F., governor
of Missouri, III, 234.
in Missouri politics, III, 229.
Jackson, Henry Rootes, soldier,
diplomat, life of, XI, 545.
military operations in Georgia,
II, 184.
Jackson, Howell Edmund, jur-
ist, life of, XI, 546.
Jackson, J. B., governor of West
Virginia, I, 394.
Jackson, James, patriot, life of,
XI, 546.
in the Revolution, IX, 28.
Jackson, Rachel, nee Donelson,
life of, XI, 547.
Jackson, Sarah, nee York, life
of, XI, 548.
Jackson, Thomas Jonathan,
("Stonewall"), soldier, life
of, XI, 549.
and prayers in camp, X, 513.
and Sunday school work, X,
495.
portrait of, facing, XI, 548.
Jackson, William Hicks, soldier,
life of, XI, 553.
Jacksonian epoch, IV, 289.
Jackson, Miss., founded and
made state capital, II, 380.
speech at dedication of capitol
at, by Galloway, IX, 75.
Jacksonville, Fla., fire of 1900,
III, 73.
military operations during
Civil War, at, III, 54.
yellow fever in, III, 71.
Jacobs, John Adamson, educa-
tor, life of, XI, 554.
INDEX.
105
Jacobstein, Meyer, on tobacco
culture in the South, V, 158-
169; VI, 66-72.
James II, attitude of, toward
Maryland, I, 165.
grants charters to London
Company and Plymouth
Company, I, 9.
James, Henry, romantically af-
fected by Charleston, X, 49.
James River, first corn raised
by whites on, V, 216.
plantations on, V, 35.
settlement upon, X, xxii.
water power of, V, 585.
James River and Kanawha
Canal, V, 77, 342.
Jamestown, Va., settlement at,
I, 11; IV, 4; V, 13; X, 96.
colonists, first religious ser-
vice held by, X, 439.
first American road at, V, 343.
first established church at, X,
457.
first sowing of wheat at, V,
219.
founded prior to colony at
Plymouth Rock, IX, 88.
regulation for settlers at, V,
130.
the cradle of liberty, X, 443.
the source of American Chris-
tianity, X, 437.
tobacco first grown at, V, 158.
exposition at, I, 141; VI, 569,
572.
Jamison, C. V., "Lady Jane,"
VII, 323.
Janney, Samuel M., author, life
of, XI, 554.
Janvier, Margaret Thomson, au-
thor, life of, XI, 555.
Japan, demand of, for raw cot-
ton and iron manufactures,
.VI, 642.
industrial awakening of, a
benefit to Southern com-
merce, VI, 369.
preference of, for American
cotton, VI, 387.
treaty of 1854 with, V, 389.
treaty of 1866 with, VI, 386.
Jasper, William, soldier, life of,
XI, 556.
Jay's treaty, 1794, IV, 281.
Jeanes, Anna T., and the fund
for rudimentary schools for
Southern negroes, X, 397.
Jeanes fund, the, X, 217.
objects and operations of, X,
397.
when founded, X, 387.
Jefferson family, the, XI, 557.
Jefferson, Thomas, statesman,
life of, XI, 557.
aid to study of philosophy,
VII, 264.
aid to agriculture, V, 81.
aid to economic writers, V,
565.
and the Louisiana Purchase,
III. 98.
as a law-maker, I, 95.
as a political leader, IV, 329.
bill to manumit slaves, I, 75.
criticized for military affairs
in Virginia, I, 97.
"Declaration of Independ-
ence," VII, 189; X, 87.
designated to write the Dec-
laration of Independence, IV,
71.
disapproves of slavery, X, 19.
drafts a "summary of rights,"
I, 84.
educated at William and
Mary, X, 239.
elected president, IV, 322.
English historical works of,
VII, 119.
establishment of the currency,
V, 445, 446.
fight against the judiciary, IX,
108.
home of, XI. (Frontispiece.)
in educational policies a
prophet, X, 114.
influence of, in American
culture, VII, 273.
influence upon times, IX, 13.
interest in cotton growing, V,
200.
interested in popular educa-
tion, X, 52.
"Kentucky Resolutions," VII,
192.
letter of, to Robert Ship-
worth, facing, XI, 560.
library of, VII, 486.
library of, influence on Amer-
ican history, VII, 488.
106
INDEX.
Jefferson, Thomas, library of,
replaces first congressional
library, VII, 489.
"Notes on Virginia," VII,
180, 244.
on acquisition of Virginia
lands, V, 44.
on cotton growing prospects,
V, 199.
on paper currency, V, 673.
on the Missouri controversy,
III, 216.
plan for the University of
Virginia, V, 565.
political beliefs of, IV, 345.
proposes abolition of slavery
in national domain west of
Alleghanies, X, xxii; I, 102.
report on public land surveys,
IV, 94.
scheme of emancipation, V,
87, 109.
slavery condemned by, V, 109.
studies foreign educational
methods, X, 52.
view of Federal power, I,
xxxvi.
Jefferson College, Mississippi,
established, II, 377; VII, 310;
X, 205.
Jefferys, Sir Herbert, governor
of Virginia, I, 32.
Jeffrey, Rose Vertner Griffith,
author, life of, XI, 563.
Jemison, Robert, politician, life
of, XI, 564.
Jenkins, Charles Jones, jurist,
life of, XI, 564.
governor of Georgia, II, 220.
preserves Georgia state funds
and seal, II, 224.
Jenner, Edward, first to intro-
duce vaccine into United
States, VII, 365.
Jennings, William S., governor
of Florida, III, 73.
Jervey, Caroline Howard (Oil-
man), author, life of, XI, 566.
Jervey, Huger W., on the
"South's Contribution to
Music," VII, 372 et seq.
Jesse, Richard Henry, educa-
tor, life of, XI, 566.
educator, VII, 157.
Jesuit Fathers, bring sugar cane
to Louisiana, V, 184.
Jesup, Morris K., and his treas-
ureship of the state fund, X,
390.
receives surrender of Semi-
noles, III, 33.
Jeter, Jeremiah, clergyman, life
of, XI, 567.
Jews, the, and religious liberty,
X, 555.
and the act for religious free-
dom in Virginia, X, 556.
driven from Spain, X, 553.
elected to city council of Bal-
timore, X, 555.
first settlement of, in America,
X, 151.
in Southern industrial devel-
opment, X, 558.
in Southern philanthropy, X,
565.
in the professions, arts and
sciences, X, 560.
of South Carolina and Geor-
gia in Revolutionary War,
X, 553.
represented in all the large
cities of the South, X, 434.
"Jews of South Carolina," by
Elzas, VII, 112.
"Jewish Services in Synagogue
and Home," X, 562.
Jillson, J. K., first state super-
intendent of education in
South Carolina, II, 118.
Job, a Maryland slave freed and
sent to London, X, 171.
John B. Stetson University,
Florida, X, 232.
Johns Hopkins Hospital estab-
lished, I, 231.
Johns Hopkins University
founded, I, 230.
economic work of, VI, 547.
English in, VII, 132.
historical influence of, VII,
520.
influence of, on higher educa-
tion in the South, X, 253.
Johnson, Andrew, statesman,
life of, XI, 567.
career of, IX, 63.
controversy with congress, II,
300, 527.
INDEX.
107'
Johnson, Andrew, entrance into
politics, II, 492.
failure of impeachment of, IV,
607.
governor of Tennessee, II,
501.
influence against secession,
IX, 93.
letter of, to son, facing, XI,
568.
military governor of Tennes-
see, II, 518, 524.
on secession, II, 504.
oratorical style, IX, 63.
plan of Reconstruction, II,
297; IV, 593; III, 319.
plan of Reconstruction in
North Carolina, I, 498.
plan of Reconstruction in
South Carolina, II, 96.
portrait, facing, II, 504.
speech, "Proposed Expulsion
of Mr. Bright from the Sen-
ate of the United States,"
IX, 345.
urges homestead legislation,
V, 72.
vetoes Reconstruction acts,
IV, 601.
Johnson, Bradley Tyler, soldier,
life of, XI, 571.
Johnson, Cave, politician, life
of, XI, 572.
Johnson, Edward, soldier, life
of, XI, 573.
Johnson, Emory R., on the in-
fluence of the Panama Canal
on Southern agriculture, in-
dustry and commerce, VI,
642 et seq.
on water transportation and
the progress of the South,
VI, 647 et seq.
Johnson, George Ben, of Vir-
ginia, X, 456.
Johnson, Henry, politician, life
of, XI, 573.
Johnson, Herschel Vespasian,
statesman, life of, XI, 574.
career of, IX, 62.
oratorical style, IX, 63.
portrait, facing, IX, 62.
Johnson, James, provisional
governor of Georgia, II, 219.
publisher of "Georgia Ga-
zette," VII, 470.
Johnson, James, publisher of
"The Savannah Gazette,"
VII, 418.
Johnson, Joseph, soldier and
politician, life of, XI, 575.
Johnson, Sir Nathaniel, defeats
French and Spaniards at
Charleston, IV, 16.
Johnson, Reverdy, lawyer and
statesman, life of, XII, 1.
portrait of, I, 214; senator
from Maryland, I, 212.
Johnson, Richard Mentor,
statesman and soldier, life of,
XII, 2.
portrait, facing, XII, 2.
Johnson, Richard W., military
officer, life of, XII, 3.
Johnson, Robert, colonial gov-
ernor, life of, XII, 4.
asks aid for colonization of
Georgia, II, 123.
influence in colonizing South
Carolina, II, 18.
Johnson, Thomas, statesman,
life of, XII, 4.
in the Revolution, IX, 25.
Johnson, William, jurist, life of,
XII, 5.
Johnson grass, important
Southern hay crop, VI, 119,
120.
Johnston, Albert Sidney, sol-
dier, life of, XII, 5.
in the Civil War, I, 293.
military operations in Tennes-
see, II, 510; killed, II, 514.
"Johnston, Albert Sidney, Life
of," by W. P. Johnston, VII,
322.
Johnston, Annie Fellows, au-
thor, life of, XII, 8.
Johnston, Gabriel, governor, life
of, XII, 8.
royal governor of North Car-
olina, I, 443.
Johnston, George, first governor
of Alabama, II, 257.
governor of West Florida, II,
347.
Johnston, Joseph Eggleston,
general, life of, XII, 9.
operations in Mississippi, II,
418.
108
INDEX.
Johnston, Joseph Eggleston, op-
poses Sherman in Georgia,
II, 203.
portrait of, facing, I, 124.
surrender of, I, 494.
Johnston, Joseph F., governor
of Alabama, II, 319.
Johnston, Josiah Stoddard, au-
thor, life of, XII, 12.
on Kentucky from 1792 to
1865, I, 259.
Johnston, Mary, author, life of,
XII, 13.
portrait of, facing, VIII, 380.
writings of, VIII, xlix, 380,
400; X, 636.
Johnston, Richard Malcolm,
lawyer, educator and author,
life of, XII, 14.
"Dukesborough Tales," VII,
86.
literary career of, VIII, xlviii.
on Bishop Pierce, X, 518.
portrait, facing, VIII, xlviii.
Johnston, Mrs. R. D., social
work of, X, 642.
Johnston, Samuel, jurist and
governor, life of, XII, 15.
Johnston, William Preston, sol-
dier, life of, XII, 15.
educator, VII, 124.
"Life of Albert Sidney John-
ston," VII, 322.
Joliet, explores the Mississippi
river, III, 265.
Jones, Allen, Revolutionary pa-
triot, life of, XII, 16.
Jones, Anson, physician and dip-
lomat, life of, XII, 17.
president of Republic of
Texas, III, 367.
Jones, Calvin, founder of Ku
Klux Klan, II, 531.
Jones, Charles Colcock, (1)
clergyman, life of, XII, 18.
Jones, Charles Colcock, (2)
lawyer, life of, XII, 18.
author of "Dead Towns of
Georgia," VII, 101.
"History of Georgia," VII,
101.
"Negro Myths of the Georgia
Coast," VII, 64.
Jones, Dan W., governor of Ar-
kansas, III, 331.
Jones, Hugh, author of "Acci-
dence to the Mathematick,"
VII, 202.
contribution to natural his-
tory. VII, 241.
historical sketches of Vir-
ginia, VII, 92.
on plan for raising hemp and
flax, V, 230.
Jones, H. Bolton, painter, X, 680.
Jones, James Chamberlin, poli-
tician, life of, XII, 19.
Jones, James K., political activ-
ities of, III, 333.
Jones, John Paul, Revolutionary
hero, life of, XII, 19.
portrait of, facing, XII, 20.
services of, IV, 85.
Jones, John William, clergyman
and author, life of, XII, 22.
"Christ in the Camp," X,
513.
on "Why the Southern Con-
federacy Failed," IV, 544.
secretary Southern Historical
Society, VII, 516.
Jones, Joseph, physician, life of,
XII, 23; reference to, X, 557.
Jones, Noble W., leader in Rev-
olutionary cause in Georgia,
II, 142; IX, 28.
Jones, Orlando, library of, VII,
488.
Jones, Sam, influence as a
preacher, IX, 155.
sermon on "Thunder and
Lightning on Sinners'
Heads," IX, 500.
Jones, General Samuel, in the
Civil War, III, 53.
Jones, Thomas Catesby, takes
Monterey, California, IV,
271.
Jones, Thomas Goode, soldier
and lawyer, life of, XII, 23.
governor of Alabama, II, 315.
in Alabama politics, II, 327.
Jones, Willie, Revolutionary pa-
triot, life of, XII, 24.
Jordan, Cornelia Jane Matthews,
author, life of, XII, 25.
Jordan, Thomas, soldier, life of,
XII, 25.
Jouett, Matthew Harris, painter,
life of, XII, 27; reference to,
X, 680.
INDEX.
109
Journalism and literature,
Southern, VII, 427 et seq.
early Southern, VII, 405.
in Southern colonies and
states, VII, 409; V, 546; VII,
429.
limitations of, before the war,
X, 28.
"Journal of Agriculture," (New
York), X, 366.
"Journey to the Land of Eden,
A," by Byrd, VII, 73.
Joynes, Edward S. f educator,
VII, 124, 126, 139.
Jucherau, Louis or Barbe, Sieur
de St. Denis, pioneer, life of,
XII, 26.
Jucherau, Nicolas, Sieur de St.
Denis, soldier, life of, XII, 27.
Judaism, influence of, in the
South, X, 552 et seq.
patriotism an essential doc-
trine of, X, 552.
Southern, a power for growth,
X, 558.
"Jud Brownin's Account of Ru-
binstein's Playing," by Bag-
by, VII, 84.
Judiciary, Federal power of, IV,
480.
"Judith," version of, by Garnett,
VII, 131.
Junior Order of Mechanics, X,
648.
"Justin Martyr," by Gildersleeve,
VII, 140.
K
Kalm, naturalist, VII, 242.
Kame's "Elements of Criti-
cism," VII, 116.
Kanawha Falls, discovery of, I,
335.
Kanawha River, coal mines on,
VI, 179.
Kansas, admission of, as free
state, IV, 421.
border war in, III, 232.
controversy over admission 1
national, II, 286.
guerrilla warfare in, IV, 421.
gypsum deposits in, VI, 205.
Kansas City, growth of, III, 249.
Kaskaskia, captured by Clark,
1778, IV, 73.
founding of, III, 183.
Kastle, J. H., chemist, VII, 230.
"Katy," by Timrod, VII, 22.
Kavanaugh, Benjamin Taylor,
preacher, editor, scientist
and author, life of, XII, 28.
Kavanaugh, Hubbard Hinde,
clergyman, life of, XII, 29.
Kay, William, his church nailed
up by Landon Carter, X, 72.
Keane, Archbishop, influence of,
X, 538.
Kearney, General Phil, occupies
Upper California, IV, 275.
Keener, John B., and camp-fire
services, X, 514.
Keiley, Anthony M., jurist, life
of, XII, 29.
Kellogg, William Pitt, in Louis-
iana politics, III, 156.
Kelly, William, inventor, life of,
XII, 30.
Kemeys, Edward, sculptor, life
of, XII, 31; reference to, X,
686.
Kemper, Reuben, adventurer,
life of, XII, 32.
Kemper family, the, X, 140.
Kendall, first man to be exe-
cuted in America, I, 12.
Kendall, Amos, approves policy
of censoring abolitionist
printed matter in mails, IV,
406.
editor of Frankfort "Argus,"
VII, 475.
interest in the telegraph, V,
372, 373, 374, 375.
Kendall, G. W., founder of the
New Orleans "Picayune,"
VII, 481.
Kenesaw Mountain, battle of, II,
206.
Kenmore Academy, VII, 167.
110
INDEX.
Kennedy, J. B., economic writer,
VI, 548.
Kennedy, J. L., educator, X, 361.
Kennedy, John, founder of Ku
Klux Klan, II, 531.
Kennedy, John Pendleton, au-
thor, life of, XII, 33.
aids Poe. VIII, xii.
career of, VIII, xxxiv.
"Horse-Shoe Robinson," VIII,
xxiii, xxxvi.
"Horse-Shoe Robinson," ex-
tract from, VIII, 102, 115.
"Marvellous Capture, A,"
VIII, 102.
politician as well as author,
VIII, xxxiv.
portrait, facing, VII, 440;
VIII, 102.
"Retreat After the Manner of
Xenophon, A," VIII, 115.
"Sketches of Life in Old Vir-
ginia," VIII, 123.
"Swallow Barn," VIII, xxxiv.
"Swallow Barn," extract
from, VIII, 123.
Kennedy, Walker, on colonial
and territorial Tennessee, II,
462 et seq.
Kenner, Duncan F., Confederate
commissioner, IV, 541.
Kent, Charles William, educa-
tor and author, life of, XII,
34.
editor of "Elene," VII, 131.
educator, VII, 121.
"Kent's Commentaries," by Le-
gare, VII, 330.
Kent Island claimed by Clai-
borne, IV, 5.
dispute over, between Vir-
ginia and Maryland, IV, 6.
surrendered to Leonard Cal-
vert, IV, 7.
Kent, Linden, educator, VII,
130.
Kenton, Simon, pioneer, life of,
XII, 35.
KENTUCKY
abolition of slavery in, I, 308.
admitted into Union, I, 258,
265; IV, 93.
adopts Federal constitution, I,
257.
Kentucky, agricultural and min-
eral products, I, 325.
aided by the expedition of
George Rogers Clark, I, 249,
260.
a part of Virginia, I, 236.
area and topography of, I,
300.
banking in, V, 470, 512.
boundary disputes with Ten-
nessee, IV, 143.
bureau of immigration estab-
lished, I, 313.
cattle-breeding in, V, 247.
Civil War debt, V, 514.
coal mining in, V, 294.
colleges, inviting New Eng-
landers to organize them,
VII, 306.
commanders in Civil War, I,
295.
conditions after Civil War, I,
298, 304.
constitution of 1891, I, 318.
conventions at Danville, I,
255, 263.
depredations by guerilla
bands in, I, 311.
distilling, decline of, in, VI,
293.
diversified industries of, VI,
261.
early explorations of, I, 40.
early pioneer life in, I, 244.
early school system, I, 272.
education commission and the
readjustment of the school
system, X, 423.
educational conditions, I, 329.
education sentiment in, X,
204.
effect of French and Indian
wars in, I, 239.
effect of frontier defense upon
the Revolution, I, 276.
expenditures for education in,
V, 514.
exploration of, I, 236.
farming methods, I, 327.
feuds in, I, 319.
first constitution of, I, 265.
first flow of immigration to, I,
245, 262.
first house built in, I, 238.
Frankfort made capital of, I,
266.
INDEX.
Ill
Kentucky, from 1792 to 1865, I,
259.
geological survey in, V, 561.
Goebel affair, in, I, 322.
great development of short-
horn cattle in, VI, 140.
growth of coal mining in, VI,
181.
hemp and flax culture in, V,
232; VI, 125.
hemp manufactures, decline
of, in, VI, 261.
highways, I, 326.
history of, I, 236 et seq.
hog-raising in, V, 251.
horse-breeding in, V, 245; VI,
137.
internal conditions today, I,
331.
internal improvements in, V,
513, 515.
interpretation of Federal Con-
stitution, I, 307.
in the battle of New Orleans,
I, 283.
in the Civil War, I, 287; IX,
427.
in the Mexican War, I, 284.
in the new nation, I, 304.
in the Revolution, I, 249.
in the war of 1812, I, 278.
iron industry in, VI, 273.
iron ores in, VI, 224.
land grants for education, I,
330.
land jobbing in, V, 512.
land taxes in, V, 511.
laws and lawlessness, I, 318.
list of governors, III, 474.
made a county of Virginia, I,
247.
military history, I, 274.
modern era of progress, I, 317.
moral and religious growth, I,
316.
mountain feuds, I, 299.
mountain region, I, 315.
negro of today, the, in, I, 314'
new industrial conditions, I,
313.
next to Illinois in distilling,
VI, 261.
officers in the Southern army,
I, 296.
Kentucky, operations against
the Indians, I, 277, 280.
organized, I, 102.
period of apathy in, I, 311.
petroleum in, VI, 187.
population of, I, 299.
population in 1790, X, 107.
population at end of eight-
eenth century, I, 258.
population at close of the
war, I, 313.
preeminence of, in domestic
animals, VI, 136.
prohibition in, I, 329.
provisional government of, I,
296.
punishment of criminals in,
V, 131.
railways in, I, 315.
real property tax in, V, 511.
recent development of, I, 309.
resolutions of 1798, I, 270;
IV, 452, 476.
response to the Federal call
for troops, I, 288.
second constitution, I, 267.
settlement of, I, 241.
sheep industry in, V, 249.
state debt paid, VI, 495.
state development conven-
tion, I, 325.
state finances of, V, 511-516;
VI, 493-496.
State Historical Society or-
ganized, I, 327.
states rights, protest concern-
ing, V, 71.
steps to statehood, I, 254, 261.
sympathy with the Confed-
eracy, I, 288.
taxable property of, VI, 494.
Tennessee boundary question
settled, IV, 143.
third and fourth constitu-
tions, I, 268.
timber products, I, 316.
tobacco culture and riots, I,
327.
tobacco culture in, V, 165.
trouble with Indians, I, 245,
248.
uniform taxation in, VI, 493.
value of slaves in, I, 306.
war claims against govern-
ment, I, 307.
112
INDEX.
Kentucky, Watterson's speech
upon, IX, 472.
"Kentucky," historical study by
Shaler, VII, 105, 266.
"Kentucky," historical study by
Filson, VII, 104.
Kentucky Academy, consoli-
dated with Kentucky Univer-
sity, X, 224.
Kentucky "Gazette," edited by
James Bradford, VII, 421,
470.
Kentucky "Herald," published
by Thomas H. Stewart, VII,
422.
Kentucky "Journal," published
by Bradford, VII, 422.
Kentucky "Mercury," published
by Moffett, VII, 422.
"Kentucky Resolutions," by
Jefferson, VII, 192.
Kentucky, University of, VII,
154.
Kerfoot, Franklin H., influence
as a preacher, IX, 154.
Kerr, David, educator, VII, 151.
Kerr, Michael Crawford, law-
yer, life of, XII, 36.
Kershaw, John, in South Caro-
lina politics, II, 52.
Kershaw, Joseph Brevard, sol-
dier, life of, XII, 36.
Ketchum, Annie Chambers, au-
thor, life of, XII, 38.
Ketchum, Lord, speaks at con-
ference, X, 519.
Key, David McKendree, jurist,
life of, XII, 38.
Key, Francis Scott, author and
lawyer, life of, XII, 39.
author of "Star Spangled
Banner," VII, 19.
circumstances under which he
wrote "The Star Spangled
Banner," I, 194.
negotiations over Indian
lands, II, 277.
portrait, facing, VII, 396.
Key, John R., painter, X, 680.
Keyser, Ephraim, sculptor, life
of, XII, 39; reference to, X,
686.
"Keystone," the, oldest club-
woman's publication in the
United States, X, 636.
Key West, railway to, III, 75.
"Kick-wheel," the, primitive,
used in the Davies potteries,
X, 700.
Kidd, Captain, noted pirate, IV,
38.
Kindergarten in the South, The,
X, 380 et seq.
"Kindergarten as a Preparation
for the Highest Civilization,
The," by Wm. T. Harris, X,
384.
Kindergarten associations, ac-
tivity and influences of, X,
382.
Kindergartens for negro chil-
dren, X, 381.
growth of, in the South, X,
384, 385.
private, sporadic influence of,
X, 380.
Kindergartners, young negro
women as, X, 381.
King, Grace Elizabeth, author,
life of, XII, 40.
"Balcony Stories," extract
from, VIII, 426.
"Life of Bienville," VII, 323.
"La Grande Demoiselle,"
VIII, 426.
"New Orleans, the Place and
the People," VII, 322.
work of, X, 636.
King, John Pendleton, lawyer,
life of, XII, 41.
King, Mitchell, addresses state
agricultural society of South
Carolina, X, 365.
King, Sue Petigru, author, life
of, XII, 42.
King, Thomas B., in the Civil
War, II, 181.
King, Wilburn Hill, lawyer, life
of, XII, 42.
King, William Rufus, lawyer
and politician, life of, XII, 43.
career of, X, 115.
elected vice-president, II, 284.
portrait, facing, II, 284.
INDEX.
113
King, William S., his support of
telegraphy, V, 548.
King William's School, Anna-
polis, X, 192.
"King's Business and Business
Men, The," X, 505.
King's Mountain, N. C., battle
of, Americans defeat British
at, I, 470; II, 34; IV, 80.
depicted in "Horse-Shoe Rob-
inson," VIII, xxxvi.
Tennesseeans in, II, 472.
Kinloch, Cleland, planter and
legislator, life of, XII, 44.
Kinloch, Francis, patriot, life of,
XII, 44.
Kinloch, Robert Alexander, phy-
sician, life of, XII, 45.
Kirk, George W., in Ku Klux
Klan, I, 505.
Kirkland, James Hampton, edu-
cator, life of, XII, 45.
educator, VII, 129, 156.
Klingenhoefer, Rev., and Ger-
man colony in Arkansas, X,
150.
Klipstein, Louis P., introduces
Anglo-Saxon texts into
America, VII, 120.
Knights of Labor, VI, 582.
Knights of Maccabees, X, 650.
Knights of the White. Camelia,
Reconstruction secret soci-
ety, III, 468.
Knott, James Proctor, lawyer,
life of, XII, 46.
"Duluth Speech," VII, 72.
Know- No thing party, IV, 347,
576.
influence of, in Texas, III, 390.
platform of, IV, 336.
Knox, John Barnett, lawyer
and politician, life of, XII,
46.
Knox, William, defends Stamp
Act, II, 140.
Knoxville, Tenn., battle of, II,
196.
early growth of, II, 479.
first Tennessee constitutional
convention at, II, 481.
first capital of state, II, 481.
railroad convention of 1836 at,
IV, 173.
siege of, II, 516.
union convention in, II, 508.
Knoxville "Argus," VII, 82.
Knoxville "Gazette," published
by Roulstone, VII, 422, 470.
Knoxville "Whig," edited by
Brownlow, II, 526; VII, 480.
Kohn, August, on "Cotton Mills
of South Carolina," II, 107.
on welfare work in cotton
mills, X, 591.
Kolb, Reuben P., in Alabama
politics, II, 315.
Kollock, Mary, artist, X, 680.
Korea, proposed college in, X,
504.
treaty of 1882 with, VI, 386.
Koreshan Community, VI, 582.
Kraitsir, Charles, educator, VII,
120.
Krebs family, the, in Mississippi,
X, 150.
Ku Klux Act of 1871, IV, 611.
Ku Klux Klan, the, activity of,
IV, 606.
appeal to superstition of ne-
gro, VII, 67.
causes for existence of, IV,
621.
history of, III, 469.
in Alabama, II, 297.
in Georgia, II, 222.
in North Carolina, I, 504.
in Tennessee, II, 530.
organization of, IV, 583.
revolutionary opposition to
Reconstruction, IV, 621, 622.
114
INDEX.
La Bahia, founding of, III, 346.
one of the first Texas towns,
III, 343.
Labor, and labor conditions, VI,
41 et seq.
apprentice, decadence of, VI,
52.
child, congressional action on,
VI, 463.
child, evils of, VI, 54, 55.
child, public protest against,
VI, 54.
colonies, Federal government
organizes negroes into, V,
150.
combinations, first attempt in
the South to repress, V, 145.
communal, V, 88.
contracts, V, 95.
convict, under the public ac-
count system, VI, 51.
convict, under the contract
system, VI, 52.
convict, under the lease sys-
tem, VI, 48-52.
convict and apprentice, in the
South, V, 130-134; VI, 48-53.
demand of textile industry
for, VI, 54.
European contract, IV, 391.
factory, government regula-
tion of, VI, 462.
first organization of, in Amer-
ica, V, 86.
force and conditions, 1861-
1865, V, 146 et seq.
force, white, reduced by en-
listments in Confederate
army, V, 147.
free, compared with slavery,
V, 116-120.
free, slave labor system not
checked by, V, 115.
historical development of, V,
86.
in colonial Virginia, I, 50.
Indians as a factor in, in Ok-
lahoma and Indian Terri-
tory, VI, 62-65.
made a necessity by the war,
VI, 266.
mountain whites as an indus-
trial factor in, VI, 58-61.
Labor, need of diversifying, VI,
265.
negro, best under white su-
pervision, VI, 43.
negro, demoralization of, VI,
9.
negro, during the Reconstruc-
tion, VI, 43.
negro, since 1865, VI, 44.
negro, unorganized, VI, 41.
of women and children in the
South, economic aspects, VI,
53 et seq.
organizations, in the South,
V, 144-146; VI, 36-40.
organizations of, disinte-
grated by the Civil War, VI,
36.
Southern, slight effect of im-
migration on, VI, 46.
system, Southern, disorgan-
ized by the Civil War, VI, 41.
systems, development of, in
the colonial South, V, 86 et
seq.
three chief forms of, V, 86.
transition in its organization,
V, 87.
unions, growth of, VI, 36.
wages of, variously controlled
in the South, VI, 401.
white, increase of, in the
South, V, 676.
white, profited by negro in-
efficiency, VI, 9.
white, progress of during the
Reconstruction, VI, 42.
white, reduced by the Civil
War, VI, 3.
writings on, VII, 179.
Labor, Knights of, VI, 582.
Laborers, accessions to number
of, VI, 41.
inefficiency of, in the South,
VI, 618.
Italian, superiority of, to the
negro, VI, 593.
skilled, drafted into new in-
dustries during the Civil
War, V, 148.
skilled, exempt from army
service, V, 149.
skilled, few in 1861, V, 148.
INDEX.
115
Laborers, white, outdoor, in
1860, V, 146.
Laborde, Maximilian, educator,
life of, XII, 47.
historian, VII, 113.
La Boulay, de, in command at
Arkansas Post, III, 271.
La Caroline fort built by Lau-
donniere, X, 118; destroyed
by Menendez de Aviles, X,
119.
Lacey, Edward, exploit in the
Revolution, IX, 91.
Laclede establishes trading post
in Missouri, III, 185.
Ladies' Aid Societies, X, 625.
Ladies' Benevolent Society,
Charleston, S. C., X, 627.
"Lady Jane," by Jamison, VII,
323.
"Lady of the Decoration, The,"
by Little, VIII, 434.
Lafayette, Houdon's bust of, X,
683.
made a Mason by Washing-
ton, X, 646.
Lafitte, the pirate, and Ameri-
can filibusters, III, 350.
at Galveston, X, 125.
in the War of 1812, III, 126.
Lagnappe, VII, 57.
"La Grande Demoiselle," by
King, VIII, 426.
La Harpe, explores Arkansas
river, III, 271.
Laity, contribution of, to civil
and religious liberty, X, 445.
Lake Erie, battle of, IV, 265.
"Lake Pontchartrai n," by
Townsend, VII, 324.
Lallemand, Charles, and Henri,
their escape from France, X,
124.
Lallemand, General, and the
Trinity River colony, X, 124.
Lamar, Lucius Quintus Cincin-
natus, lawyer, life of, XII, 48.
in Mississippi politics, II, 457,
460.
in the Mississippi secession
convention, II, 408.
portrait, facing, II, 408.
on Bishop Pierce, X, 519.
tribute to Sumner, IX, 93.
Lamar, Mirabeau Bonaparte,
lawyer and soldier, life of,
XII, 49.
president of Republic of
Texas, III, 367, 373.
Lamb, William, merchant and
soldier, life of, XII, 50.
Lambert, Mary E. Ferine
Tucker, author, life of, XII,
51.
"Lament of the Captive," by
Wilde, VII, 325.
Lamp of experience, the,
phrase in Henry's speech,
IX, 172.
Lancaster, Pa., conference at,
with the Five Nations, IV
10.
Lancet, use of, in surgery, VII
360.
Land, abandoned, reclamation
of, VI, 91.
areas of its cultivation in the
South, VI, 17-19.
areas, transformation in, VI,
17.
development of productive,
to 1783, V, 34 et seq.
first steps toward private
ownership of, V, 44.
grants, Federal, VI, 29-31.
grants, for agricultural col-
leges, VI, 29.
grants, plantation system
rested on, V, 152.
grants, private, in the lower
South, V, 70.
grants, railroad, VI, 29.
holding, facility of, after the
war, VI, 13.
impoverished, how reclaim-
ed, V, 225.
improved, comparative tables
of, VI, 17.
"killing," V, 206.
laws and land systems, Latin,
in the South, V, 53 et seq.
laws, state and Federal, in
the South, VI, 28 et seq.
monopoly, non-existence of,
in the South before the war,
X, 662.
offices, Southern state, VI, 31.
policy, new factors in, VI, 28.
question, at close of the Rev-
olution, V, 67, 68.
116
INDEX.
Land, reclamation of, in the
South, V, 577-580; VI, 551 et
seq.
surveys, English system of, in
the South, V, 70.
surveys, rectilinear, V. 69.
system, Federal, how differing
between South and North,
V, 66.
systems, difference between
American and Latin, in the
South, V, 67.
systems, in the South, V, 434
et seq.
tenure, new systems of, VI, 68.
transfers, evil system of, VI,
33.
valueless in 1865, VI, 3.
waste, VI, 17.
Lands, first enclosed, V, 80.
first fallowing of, V, 81.
public, see Public lands,
state and Federal, in the
South, VI, 28 et seq.
swamp, great possibilities of,
VI, 551.
swamp, reclaimed for rice cul-
ture, V, 175.
Landless whites starved out by
the old plantation life, X, 114.
"Land We Love, The," VII, 458.
Lane, James Henry, educator,
life of, XII, 51.
Lane, Joel, pioneer, life of, XII,
52.
Lane, John, pioneer preacher,
life of, XII, 52.
Lane, Joseph, soldier, life of,
XII, 52.
Lane, Ralph, governor of Ro-
anoke colony, I, 4.
Langdon, William Chauncey,
and his federation of the Y.
M. C. A., X, 484.
Langton, Stephen, and Magna
Charta, X, 446.
Lanier, Clifford Anderson, edu-
cator and author, life of,
XII, 53.
Lanier, Sidney, poet, life of,
XII, 53.
and the intellectual aloofness
of the South, X, 27.
author of words for Centen-
nial Cantata, VII, 44.
Lanier, Sidney, "Ballad of the
Trees and the Master," VII,
49.
"Corn," VII, 43.
critical estimate of, VII, 42.
"Crystal," VII, 49.
lines on, by Tabb, VII, 51.
"Marshes of Glynn, The," VII,
50.
"My Springs," VII, 18.
"New South, The," VII, 43.
on Germans at San Antonio,
X, 60.
portrait, facing, VII, 42.
"Psalm of the West, The,"
VII, 45.
"Remonstrance," VII, 49.
"Song of the Chattahoochee,"
VII, 43.
"Sunrise," VII, 49.
"Symphony, The," VII, 43.
"To Beethoven," VII, 46.
Lanier and Poe, comparative
estimate of, VII, 47.
Lard oil, Missouri's manufac-
ture of, VI, 257.
La Salle, discovery of Ken-
tucky by, I, 237.
explores the Mississippi river,
II, 341; III, 265.
explores the Mississippi
country, X, 121.
loses his life in attempting
to colonize Louisiana, III,
266; X, 121.
reaches mouth of Mississippi,
III, 81, 84.
Lassus, Carlos de, last Spanish
lieutenant governor of Mis-
souri, III, 193.
"Last Days of the Confederacy,
The," lecture by Gordon, IX,
75.
"Last Hope, The," by Gotts-
chalk, VII, 390.
Latane, John Holladay, educa-
tor, life of, XII, 55.
on the Commonwealth of Vir-
ginia, I, 90.
on the diplomatic relations of
the Confederacy, IV, 525.
on the economic causes of the
Civil War, V, 656 et seq.
Later denominational founda-
tions, X, 226.
INDEX.
117
"Latin Case Relations," by
Peters, VII, 143.
"Latin farmers" in Texas, X,
147.
Latin Grammar, by Gilder-
sleeve, VII, 140.
Latrobe, Benjamin Henry, life
of, XII, 56.
Latrobe, Benjamin Henry, Jr.,
engineer, life of, XII, 57.
Latrobe, Charles Hazzlehurst,
engineer, life of, XII, 58.
Latrobe, Ferdinand Claiborne,
jurist, life of, XII, 58.
Latrobe, John H. B., soldier,
jurist and philanthropist, life
of, XII, 59.
Latrobe family, the, XII, 56.
Laudonniere, Rene de, expedi-
tion to Florida, III, 9; X,
118.
Laurens, Henry, Revolutionary
patriot, life of, XII, 60.
activities of, in the Revolu-
tion, IX, 26.
chairman of South Carolina
council of safety, II, 29.
portrait, facing, IX, 26.
president of Continental con-
gress, II, 36.
Laurens, John, soldier, life of,
XII, 60.
in the Revolution, II, 37; IX,
26.
secures French aid for Amer-
ica, IX, 91.
Laval, Pere, naturalist, VII, 242.
Lavialle, Pierre Joseph, bishop,
life of, XII, 61.
Law, Evander Mclver, soldier,
life of, XII, 62.
Law, John, company of, II, 253;
III, 89, 270; V, 54.
becomes bankrupt and aban-
dons his immigrants, X, 143.
in early development of Mis-
souri, III, 184.
sends agents to Europe to
secure German peasants, X,
142.
Law, real property, influence of,
in the economic development
of the South, VI, 32-35.
regulating fee of physicians,
VII, 355.
Law schools at various South-
ern universities, X, 339.
schools of the South, develop-
ments after the war of se-
cession, X, 340.
writers of the South, VII, 326,
327.
writers, Southern, contribu-
tions of, VII, 337.
Law making in Virginia, I, 24.
"Law and Equity Practice," by
Robinson, VII, 332.
"Law Concerning Real Estate,"
by Walker, VII, 331.
"Law of Commercial Paper,"
by Tiedeman, VII, 337.
"Law of Executors and Admin-
istrators," by Prof. Lomax,
X, 335.
"Law of Hypnotism, The," by
Hyer, VII, 265.
"Law of Real Property," by
Lomax, X, 335.
"Law of Real Property," by
Tiedeman, VII, 336.
Laws, early, in Virginia, I, 19.
Laws, Observatory, VII, 219.
Lawson, John, historical writ-
ings of, on the South, VII,
92.
contribution to natural his-
tory, VII, 241.
Lawson, Robert, in the Revolu-
tion, I, 93.
Lawton, Alexander Robert, sol-
dier, life of, XII, 63.
in the Civil War, II, 177.
military operations in Georgia,
II, 181.
Lawyers, and religion, VII, 354.
and the aristocracy, VII, 347.
influence of, in American life,
VII, 341; IX, 463.
in literature, VII, 347.
in the Revolution, IX, 103.
Laymen's missionary movement
in the South, X, 500.
Lead, production of, in the
South, V, 286; VI, 215, 216,
220.
resources of, in the South, VI,
640.
Leake, Walter, governor of
Mississippi, II, 381.
Lease system, convict, VI, 48-
52.
118
INDEX.
Leavenworth, F. P., astronomer,
VII, 213.
Lebanon, Tenn., theological
seminary at, X, 313.
"Le Bananier," by Gottschalk,
VII, 390.
Le Blanc de Villeneuve, "Pou-
cha Houmma," VII, 316.
Le Conte, John, physicist, life
of, XII, 63.
scientist, VII, 233.
"Treatise on Sound," VII, 234.
Le Conte, Joseph, geologist, life
of, XII, 64.
career and writings of, VII,
254, 265, 266.
Le Conte, Louis, naturalist, life
of, XII, 66.
famous pear named for, V,
241.
naturalist, VII, 246.
"Lectures on Constitutional
Law," by H. St. G. Tucker,
VII, 328.
"Lectures on Natural Law
and Government," by H. St.
G. Tucker, VII, 328.
"Lectures on the Constitution
of the United States," by N.
B. Tucker, VII, 329.
"Lectures on the Elements of
Political Economy," by
Cooper, VII, 175, 264.
Lederer, Johannes, the first ex-
plorer of the Alleghany
Mountains, X, 140.
Lee family, the, XII, 66.
Lee, Arthur, life of, XII, 69;
reference to, X, 557.
Lee, Charles, lawyer, life of,
XII, 70.
at Fort Moultrie, IX, 27.
in the Revolution. I, 92.
Lee, Daniel, first Terrell pro-
fessor of agriculture, X, 363.
Lee, Fitzhugh, soldier, life of,
XII, 71.
in the Spanish-American
war, X, 116.
portrait, facing, XII, 72.
Lee, Francis Lightfoot, patriot,
life of, XII, 72.
Lee, George Washington Cus-
tis, soldier, life of, XII, 73.
Lee, Guy Carleton, educator
and author, life of, XII, 74.
Lee, Henry, soldier, life of, XII,
75.
in the Revolution, I, 94.
Lee, James Wideman, clergy-
man, editor and author, life
of, XII, 76.
Lee, Jesse, missionary, life of,
XII, 77.
Lee, Richard, and Cromwell's
fleet, X, 443.
portrait of, facing, XII, 78.
Lee, Richard Henry, patriot,
life of, XII, 77.
influence upon Revolution, IX,
13, 92.
on the closing of the House
of Burgesses, I, 84.
portrait, facing, IX, 14.
Lee, Robert Edward, soldier,
life of, XII, 79.
and prayer in camp, X, 513.
assumes command of South-
ern army, I, 119.
becomes a college president,
X, 404.
campaign against McClellan,
IV, 548.
campaign against Pope, IV,
549.
letter of, to M. Dulany Ball,
facing, XII, 80.
marvelous strategy of, IV,
512.
offered command of expedi-
tion to free Cuba, 1849, IV,
252.
offers his services to Vir-
ginia, I, 112.
portrait of, III (frpntis)..
president of Washington Col-
lege, VII, 124.
Lee, Robert Edward, Jr., sol-
dier and author, life of, XII,
84.
Lee, Stephen Dill, soldier, life
of, XII, 85.
in the Civil War, II, 415.
Lee, William, patriot, life of,
XII, 87.
Lee, William F., and the Y. M.
C. A., X, 485.
Lee Camp Auxiliary, Richmond,
Va., X, 628.
INDEX.
119
Le Flore, Choctaw chief, IV,
434.
Leftwich, Joel, in War of 1812,
I, 355.
Legal education in the South,
X, 323.
Legal tender, in the United
States, V, 447; VI, 416.
Legal tender act, the, VI, 416.
Legare, Hugh Swinton, jurist
and statesman, life of, XII,
88.
career of, IX, 49; X, 120.
editor of the "Southern Re-
view," X, 48.
letter of, facing, XII, 88.
on the South Carolina Com-
promise, II, 69.
"Speech Before the Union
Party," IX, 271.
portrait, facing, VII, 330; IX,
271.
writings of, VII, 330.
Legare, J. M., editor of the
"Southern Agriculturalist,"
X, 360.
"Orta-Undis and Other
Poems," VII, 17.
portrait, facing, VII, 18.
"To a Lily," VII, 17.
Legend of Hayne, VII, 56.
Legend of Virginia Dare, VII,
55.
"Legends and Lyrics," by
Hayne, VII, 34.
Legislation, factory, VI, 463.
Legislation, Federal, panics
caused by, VI, 419.
Legislative assembly, first in
America organized at James-
town, I, 18.
Legumes, cultivation of, in the
South, VI, 121.
Leigh, Benjamin Watkins, pol-
itician, life of, XII, 89.
Leigh, Francis Butler, author,
life of, XII, 90.
Leiningen, Texas, founded by
Germans, X, 147.
Leland, John, influence as a
preacher, IX, 131.
portrait, facing, IX, 132.
share in adoption of constitu-
tion, IX, 132.
Leland University, Louisiana,
X, 252.
Leon, Alonso de, expedition to
Texas, III, 337.
Leon, Juan Ponce de, early ex-
ploration of Florida, III, 2.
Leovy, Henry Jefferson, law-
yer, life of, XII, 91.
"Les Soleils," by Mercer, VII,
317.
Lester, John C., founder of Ku
Klux Klan, II, 531.
Letcher, John, politician, life of,
XII, 91.
governor of Virginia, I, 114.
reply to Union call for
troops, I, 118.
"Letters of Algernon Sidney,"
by Roane, VII, 193.
Levee districts, in Louisiana,
VI, 81.
Levees, construction and main-
tenance of, VI, 81.
Le Vert, Octavia Walton, au-
thor, life of, XII, 92.
social influence of, X, 47.
Levy, Benjamin, of Baltimore,
X, 553.
Lewis, Andrew, soldier, life of,
XII, 92.
and border warfare against
the Indians and the British,
X, 113.
operations against Indians, I,
346.
settles in Tennessee, II, 464.
Lewis, Davis P., governor of
Alabama, II, 304.
Lewis, Dixon Hall, politician,
life of, XII, 94.
in Alabama politics, II, 282.
Lewis, Fielding, Revolutionary
patriot, life of, XII, 94.
Lewis, Meriwether, explorer,
life of, XII, 95.
governor of Territory of Ar-
kansas, III, 273.
territorial governor of Mis-
souri, III, 200.
Lewis, Virgil A., on West Vir-
ginia, 1750-1861, I, 333.
Lewis and Clark expedition, III,
273; VII, 244.
Lewis Pottery Co., at Louis-
ville, Ky., X, 699.
120
INDEX.
"Lewis Rand," by Johnston, ex-
tract from, VIII, 380, 400.
Lexington, Georgetown and
Danville Library Association,
VII, 497.
Lexington, Ken., public library
founded at, VII, 496.
Lexington, Mass., battle of, how
it affected Virginia, I, 82.
first normal school establish-
ed at, X, 295.
Lexington, Va., meeting of the
Southern Educational Asso-
ciation at, endorses negro ed-
ucation, X, 419.
public library, VII, 496.
Leyba, de, Spanish lieutenant-
governor of Missouri colony,
III, 186, 190.
Leyden pilgrims obtain charter
from the London company,
X, 440.
"L'Habitation St. Ybars," by
Mercier, VII, 318.
Liberal tendency, the, in the
nineteenth century, X, 209.
Liberia, founded to dispose of
emancipated slaves, IV, 294.
independence acknowledged,
1847, IV, 294.
Liberty Hall and the Hanover
Presbytery, X, 223.
Liberty party, birth of, 1844, IV,
309.
vote of, in 1840, 1844, IV, 398.
Liberty Tree party, in South
Carolina, II, 28.
Libraries, used as hospitals dur-
ing war, VII, 500.
destruction of, during war,
VII, 500.
early history of, VII, 485.
founded after Revolution, VII,
497.
gifts to, VII, 505.
in educational institutions,
VII, 508.
of college debating societies,
VII, 499.
of Louisville, VII, 509.
of New Orleans, VII, 510.
private, owned by Virginia
families in colonial times,
VII, 486.
progress of, since war, VII,
501.
Libraries, public, first started in
South, VII, 490.
traveling, VII, 503.
university, VII, 506.
Libraries in the Southern states,
by Wiley, VII, 484.
Library, first mention of, VII,
484.
of Haywood, VII, 498.
of Jefferson, VII, 486 et seq.
Library club, city, first, organ-
ized at Knoxville, Tenn.,
VII, 502.
"Library of Anglo-Saxon
Poetry," by Harrison, VII,
131.
Library of Congress, instituted
at suggestion of Thomas
Jefferson, VII, 489.
"Library of Historical Psychol-
ogy," by Baldwin, VII, 268.
Library of William and Mary
College, donations to, VII,
492.
Library Society of Charleston,
S. C., purpose of, X, 190.
Library system, first in Amer-
ica, I, 167.
Lieber, Francis, career as edu-
cator, VII, 114; X, 228.
elected professor of history
and political economy in
South Carolina college, X,
340.
publishes "A Manual of Po-
litical Ethics," "Legal and
Political Hermeneutics," and
"Civil Liberty and Self-Gov-
ernment/' X, 340.
succeeds Thomas Cooper at
University of South Carolina,
X, 57.
writings on political philoso-
phy, V, 574.
Lien laws, VI, 421.
Life insurance, see Insurance.
"Life in the Confederate Army,"
II, 90.
Life in the rural South, X, 657.
"Ligeia," Poe's, VIII, xvii.
"Lily Confidante, The," by Tim-
rod, VII, 22.
"Limitations of Police Power,"
by Tiedeman, VII, 337.
INDEX.
121
Lincecum, Gideon, merchant,
pioneer and naturalist, life of,
XII, 96.
Lincoln, Abraham, statesman,
life of, XII, 97.
and West Virginia, I, 382.
call for volunteers, I, 117.
debate with Douglas, III, 303.
early home of, facing, XII, 98.
eulogized by Stephens, IX, 58.
how election of, was regarded
in South, II, 78.
letter to, by Smith, VII, 86.
military blunders of, IV, 507.
plan of Reconstruction, IV,
588.
popular vote for, I, 115.
Southern type of rural states-
man, VII, 275.
text of proclamation of eman-
cipation by, III, 463.
tribute to, by Grady, IX, 377.
tribute to, by Thompson, VII,
38.
Lincoln, Benjamin, in the Revo-
lution, II, 148.
losses of forces of, IV, 78.
surrender of, to British at
Charleston, S. C, IV, 76.
Lincoln University, VII, 538.
Lindgren, Waldemar, on the
production of gold, silver,
quicksilver, copper, lead, and
zinc in the South, VI, 215 et
seq.
Lindo, Moses, father of the in-
digo industry, X, 153, 558.
Lindsay, Robert B., governor
of Alabama, II, 304.
Lindsay, William, jurist and leg-
islator, life of, XII, 102.
Lindsley, Philip, educator, life
of, XII, 103.
on the training of teachers,
X, 295.
Linen, home-spun, end of mak-
ing, VI, 124.
Lining, John, "Description of
Yellow Fever, A," VII, 357.
Link, Samuel Albert, educator
and author, life of, XII, 104.
Lipscomb, Abner Smith, jurist,
e life of, XII, 104.
Liquor question, see Prohibi-
tion.
Literary colony in New York,
VII, 288.
Literary isolation of the South,
X, 32.
"Literary Messenger" made se-
cession organ, VII, 447.
Literature, agricultural, great
development of, V, 227.
and science, special contribu-
tions to, VII, 283.
encouraged by editors after
the war, VII, 479.
of Louisiana in French and
English, VII, 314.
of the United States, Louisi-
ana's contribution to, VII,
314.
"Little Book of Missouri Verse,
The," III, 254.
Little, Frances, "Lady of the
Decoration, The," VIII, 434.
"Little Giffen of Tennessee," by
Ticknor, VII, 20.
Little Rock, capture of, III, 314.
founded by Moses Austin, III,
300.
made capital of Arkansas,
III, 283.
Little Rock "Gazette," VII, 424.
"Little While I Fain Would Lin-
ger Yet, A," by Hayne, VII,
34.
Littleton, governor of Georgia,
holds Indian chiefs as host-
ages, X, 161.
Live stock, depleted by the Civil
War, VI, 135.
first exhibition of, in the
United States, V, 249.
first merchantable farm pro-
duct, V, 307.
first prizes offered for, V, 248.
Georgetown society's prem-
iums for, V, 248.
great increase in, V, 81.
increased breeding of, VI, 23,
26, 27.
how it assists agriculture, VI,
100.
See also Cattle.
"Living Church, The," founded
by Bishop Harris and Rev.
Dr. J. Fulton, X, 526.
"Living Writers of the South,"
by Davidson.
122
INDEX.
Livingston, Edward, jurist and
statesman, life of, XII, 105.
"Address to the Electors of
the Second District of Louis-
iana," VII, 195.
law writer, VII, 329.
portrait, facing, VII, 328.
proposes union of all English
colonies, IV, 39.
"System of Penal Law, A,"
VII, 329.
Livingston, R. R., signs treaty
for purchase of Louisiana,
IV, 284.
Loan companies, mortgage, VI,
248.
Loans, Confederate, V, 494.
factors', interest on, V, 460.
land, VI, 349.
Local option in the South, X,
572.
Local preachers and the sale of
spirituous liquors, X, 570.
Locke, John, and his constitu-
tion for the Carolina colony,
X, 285.
Lockett, Samuel Henry, soldier
and educator, life of, XII,
106.
Lodge, Henry Cabot, on the
French Huguenots in Amer-
ica, X, 120.
on the Virginia aristocracy,
X, 444.
quoted on secession, IV, 554.
Loeb, Isidor, on the finances of
Missouri, V, 526-529; VI,
504-507.
Logan, Benjamin, pioneer, life
of, XII, 108.
Logan, John, X, 360.
Lomax, John Taylor, life of,
XII, 108.
first professor of law in Uni-
versity of Virginia, X, 335.
Lomax, Lunsford Lindsay, sol-
dier, life of, XII, 109.
London Company of Virginia,
the, charter of, I, 9; IV, 4;
X, 441.
brings sheep to the James-
town colony, V, 247.
influence upon later govern-
ment, I, 22.
its charter annulled, I, 22.
London Company of Virginia,
the, operations in Virginia,
V, 44-46.
politics of, IV, 20.
reorganization of, I, 14.
Long, Crawford Williamson,
physician, life of, XII, 110.
anaesthetics first used exten-
sively by, VII, 366.
Long, George, first professor of
ancient languages in Univer-
sity of Virginia, VII, 136; X,
56; writings of, VII, 137.
Long, James, filibuster in Texas,
III, 350.
Longino, A. H., governor of
Mississippi, II, 455.
Longstreet, Augustus Baldwin,
lawyer, author and educator,
life of, XII, 111.
accorded first place in South-
ern humor, VII, 73.
career of, VIII, xl; X, 519.
editor of "Sentinel,"
"Horse-Swap, The," VIII,
170.
"Georgia Scenes," VII, 72, 73;
VIII, xxiii.
"Georgia Scenes, Characters,
Incidents, etc., in the First
Half Century of the Repub-
lic," extract from, VIII, 167,
170.
"Georgia Theatricals," VIII,
167.
Longstreet, James, soldier, life
of, XII, 112.
at the battle of Chickamauga,
II, 195.
in the Civil War, II, 194.
in the New Orleans riot, III,
165.
military operations in Ten-
nessee, II, 516.
Lopez, Narcisco, filibustering
expeditions of, to free Cuba,
1849, IV, 251.
failure of filibustering expe-
ditions of, IV, 253.
Lorimier, Pierre, in early Mis-
souri history, III, 191.
Loring, William Wing, soldier,
life of, XII, 114.
"Lost Cause," by Pollard, VII,
107.
INDEX.
123
"Lost Cause," by U. D. C., VII,
517.
Lotteries for educational and
philanthropic enterprises, X,
227.
Loudon, John C., on Carolina
rice, V, 171.
Louis XIV, and the Louisiana
colony, III, 88.
relations with Alabama col-
ony, II, 252.
LOUISIANA
admission to Union, III, 112,
114.
annexation of part of West
Florida, III, 111.
antagonism to American con-
trol, III, 106.
aristocratic life of old, III,
125.
as a crown colony, III, 90.
attacked by Farragut's fleet,
III, 136.
banking in, V, 469.
beginning of actual Recon-
struction, III, 143.
disputes with Mississippi, IV,
154.
Catholic missions in, X, 541.
chief center of cottonseed oil
manufacture, VI, 260.
Claiborne first governor, III,
112.
Claiborne's administration.
Ill, 105.
colonized by the French Can-
adians, Iberville and Bien-
ville, II, 341; X, 121.
colony founded by Iberville,
III, 81.
comes under Spanish rule, X,
136.
conditions at close of war,
III, 145.
congressional Reconstruction
of, III, 151.
constitution of 1868, III, 164.
constitution of 1879, III, 178.
constitution of 1898, III, 171.
contribution to American pro-
gress, III, 181.
contribution to the literature
of the United States, VII,
314.
Louisiana, convict labor in, V
130.
cotton and sugar, two leading
crops, III, 116, 119.
cotton cultivation in, V, 198.
Creole influence in, III, 104.
Creoles of, X, 121, 122.
curse of carpet-baggery, III,
163.
dawn of better days, III, 163.
debt of, in 1865, V, 518.
deer in, VI, 170.
district of Louisiana, III, 101.
early physicians in, VII, 365.
early trade, III, 94.
education, III, 175.
education hindered by Recon-
struction, III, 154.
effect of French revolution
upon, III, 96.
effect of Reconstruction in,
III, 162.
effect of Revolution in, III,
94.
effect of Spanish control in,
III, 92.
effect of war between France
and England, upon, III, 81.
effect of War of 1812 upon,
III, 126.
election of 1876, III, 166.
end of war in, III, 140.
English literature in, VII, 321.
era of factionalism, III, 170.
first constitution (1812), III,
110.
French activity in, III, 84.
French land laws in, V, 54-
57.
French literary societies in,
VII, 319.
French literature of, X, 123.
French poetry in, VII, 317.
German immigration to, X,
142.
grant to Crozat, III, 88.
growing influence in national
affairs, III, 131.
history of, III, 80.
increase in population in
early statehood days, III,
115.
increase in state debt, IIJ,
155, 164.
124
INDEX.
Louisiana, Indian troubles, III,
89.
industrial development, III,
177.
in the Civil War, III, 134.
in the Federal government,
III, 113.
in the war with Mexico, III,
131.
introduction of farm machin-
ery, III, 118.
Johnson's plan of Reconstruc-
tion, III, 144.
joins Confederacy, III, 133,
135.
Kellogg usurpation, the, III,
156.
land reclamation in, VI, 556.
lands given to Law immi-
grants now known as the
German coast, X, 143.
language of colony, III, 96.
legislature organized, III, 108.
levee districts in, VI, 81.
list of governors, III, 480.
literature in French and
English, VII, 314.
New England teachers in,
VII, 310.
New Orleans founded, III, 89.
New Orleans riot of 1866, III,
148.
note issues in, V, 462.
Ocean Springs (Old Biloxi),
first settlement in. III, 87.
origin of its financial system,
V, 516.
peculiarity of soil, III, 117.
penitentiary system estab-
lished in, V, 131.
plantation system, III, 116.
poets of, VII, 317.
population in 1769, III, 94.
population in 1789, III, 96.
population in 1803, III, 109.
population in 1810, III, 113.
post-bellum corruption and
disaster in, VI, 496.
problem of white supremacy,
III, 169.
profitable markets in, V, 196.
prohibition in, III, 175.
Louisiana, public debt of, VI,
497.
readmitted to Union, III, 153.
Reconstruction during war,
III, 140.
reduction of sugar acreage
in, due to rice culture, VI,
76.
relation to Mississippi colony,
II, 353.
relations with Spanish in
Texas, III, 110.
retroceded to France, under
Napoleon, III, 97.
revenue of, V, 517.
rice industry in, VI, 15, 19, 23,
74, 75, 76.
rice introduced into, V, 170.
riot of 1874, in New Orleans,
III, 165.
rise of negro rule, III, 142.
rise of rice growing, III, 178.
rival state governments, III,
167.
salt production in, V, 296; VI,
250.
secession of, III, 132.
second in export trade, V,
395.
settlement by French, III, 86.
slavery in, III, 103, 121.
slaves, prosperity of, IV, 225.
social and economic condi-
tions, III, 108.
sold to United States by Na-
poleon, III, 98.
Spanish exploration, III, 82.
Spanish governors, III, 97.
Spanish land grants in, V, 56,
57.
state finances of, V, 516-518;
VI, 496-498.
steps to statehood, III, 109.
sugar area in, VI, 19.
sugar planting in, V, 184 et
seq.
territory, acquired from
France, X, 107.
territory, added to the Union
by Virginians, X, 93.
territory, preponderance of
Roman Catholics in, X, 531.
territory of Orleans, III, 100.
INDEX.
125
Louisiana, territorial form of
government, III, 102.
Tilden-Hayes controversy in,
III, 160.
two literatures, III, 180.
under French and Spanish
control, III, 80.
under Spain, III, 91.
United States land titles in,
V, 56, 57.
Warmoth's administration,
III, 153.
"Wheeler Adjustment," the,
III, 160.
white leagues organized, III,
158.
wresting of state from alien
control, III, 164.
Louisiana, farmers' union of,
VI, 581.
"Louisiana, History of," by
Gayarre, VII, 322.
"Louisiana, History of," by
Martin, VII, 321.
Louisiana porcelain works, the,
X, 710.
Louisiana purchase, aid of, to in-
ternal improvements, V, 340.
causes of, III, 81, 98, 273; IV,
284, 302.
influence of, upon Mississippi,
II, 363.
Northern view of, I, xli; IV,
303.
territorial limitations of, by
Ficklen, VII, 95.
treaty passed by votes of
Southern states, IV, 304.
Louisiana Purchase Exposition,
III, 246, 260.
Louisiana State Educational As-
sociation, III, 176.
Louisiana State Lottery, III,
172.
Louisiana State University, III,
154, 177.
Louisiana Sugar Planters' Asso-
ciation, VI, 84.
Louisville, first among South-
ern river ports, VI, 367.
gateway of the South, I, 316.
libraries of, VII, 507.
site of, surveyed, I, 344.
Louisville "Courier - Journal,"
edited by Watterson, VII,
482.
Louisville and Nashville Rail-
road, development of, IV,
169.
L'Ouverture, Toussaint, IV, 392.
Lovell, Mansfield, life of, XII,
115.
in the Civil War, III, 135.
Loveman, Robert, Georgia poet,
VII, 52; X, 564.
Lovett, E. O., educator, VII,
213.
Lower South, the, its aristoc-
racy, social prejudices of, X,
22.
civil conflict and, X, 35.
cotton king in, X, 23.
foreign influences on, remains
of, X, 17.
impress of the slave upon the
life of, X, 30.
inherited social systems, X,
18.
intellectual limitations, X, 28.
necessity for emigration from,
X, 18.
negro, the, understood by,
both as slave and as citizen,
X, 31.
plantations of, unwise restric-
tions of, to cotton, X, 19.
religious life in, X, 19.
rise of, due to the develop-
ment of sectionalism, X, 20.
social life in, X, 16.
states of, recognize the edu-
cational needs of their peo-
ple, X, 27.
tendencies toward democrat-
ization first manifest in, X,
16.
territorial basis for, X, 16.
territorial boundaries in, dur-
ing colonial period, X, 16.
three distinct changes typify-
ing life in, X, 24.
Union sentiment in, X, 34.
yeomanry, pride of, discour-
age desire to labor, X, 22.
Lowlands, failure of grain crops
in, V, 153.
Lowndes, Rawlins, statesman,
life of, XII, 116.
126
INDEX.
Lowndes, William, statesman,
life of, XII, 117.
position in national affairs,
IX, 34.
Lowry, Robert, governor of
Mississippi, II, 445.
Lowry, W. Joseph, influence as
a preacher, IX, 142.
Loyalty of Southern people to
their preachers, X, 322.
Lubbock, Francis Richard, pol-
itician, life of, XII, 118.
governor of Texas, III, 403.
Lucas, Daniel Bedinger, law-
yer and author, life of, XII,
119.
in Missouri politics, 207, 213.
Lucas, George, and his daugh-
ter Elizabeth establish the
indigo industry in South
Carolina, II, 16; V, 178.
Ludlow, Roger, lawyer, life of,
XII, 119.
Lukeman, Henry Augustus,
sculptor, life of, XII, 120;
reference to, X, 686.
Lumber, proportion of, furn-
ished by the South, VI, 636.
shipment of, from Southern
ports, VI, 363.
Southern production of, VI,
267.
trade, coastwise, VI, 363.
value of, I, li.
Lumber industry, benefit of the
Panama Canal to, VI, 645.
growth of, VI, 151.
Southern, magnitude of, VI,
267.
Lumbrozo, Jacob, of Maryland,
X, 560.
Lumpkin, J. H., "Industrial Re-
generation of the South,
The," VII, 179.
Lumpkin school, Athens, Ga.,
becomes law department of
State University, X, 244.
Lumsden, Francis A., founder
of New Orleans "Picayune,"
VII, 481.
Luna, Tristan de, expedition to
Florida, III, 7.
Luna, Tristan de, explorations
in Alabama, II, 249.
Lundy's Lane, victory of Gen-
eral Scott at, IV, 266.
Lupton, Nathaniel Thomas,
chemist, life of, XII, 121.
Lussan, A., "Martyrs de la
Louisiane," VII, 316.
Lutherans, the, found Roanoke
College, Virginia, and New-
berry College, South Caro-
lina, X, 251.
in Georgia, IX, 130.
in North Carolina, I, 445.
in South Carolina, II, 21.
in the South, X, 430, 434.
Lutheran Theological Seminary
for negroes, at Greensboro,
N. C, X, 434.
Lutheran Theological Seminary,
Mount Pleasant, S. C., X,
313.
Lutheran United Synod of the
South, X, 434.
Lyell, Charles, "Second Visit to
the United States," VII, 180.
Lyle, Duncan C., educator, VII,
128.
Lyman, Phineas, lawyer, soldier
and adventurer, life of, XII,
122.
Lynch, Patrick Niesen, bishop,
life of, XII, 123.
Lynch, Thomas, delegate to
first Continental Congress,
II, 28; IV, 48.
plantation home of, V, 173.
Lynch law, caused by negro
desperadoes, IV, 229.
Lynchings in the South, X, 579.
Lyon, Abraham de, introduces
grape culture in Georgia, X,
154.
Lyon, Matthew, pioneer, life of,
XII, 124.
Lyon, Nathaniel, in Civil War,
III, 309.
"Lyrics of a Lowly Life," by
Dunbar, VII, 532.
INDEX.
M
McAfee, Nelly N. Marshall, au-
thor, life of, XII, 125.
McAfee, Robert Breckenridge,
lawyer and soldier, life of,
XII, 125.
McBryde, John McLaren, life
of, XII, 126.
references to, VII, 209; X, 369.
McCabe, James Dabney, clergy-
man, life of, XII, 127.
McCabe, William Gordon, edu-
cator, life of, XII, 127.
"Christmas Night of '62," VII,
30.
"Dreaming in the Trenches,"
VII, 30.
estimate of, by Bain, VII, 166.
reference to, VII, 162.
McCaleb, Theodore Howard,
lawyer, life of, XII, 128.
McCall, Sidney, see Fenollosa.
McCarty, H. C., on Federal and
State Aid to Internal Im-
provements in the South,
VI, 333 et seq.
on Internal Improvements in
the South, V, 351 et seq.
McChesney, Harry Vernon, on
the State of Finances in
Kentucky, V, 511-516; VI,
493-496.
McClellan, George B., at Antie-
tam, I, 206.
Lee's campaign against, IV,
548.
military operations in Vir-
ginia, I, 125.
McClernand, General, in the
Civil War, III, 313.
McClure, John, patriot, life of,
XII, 129.
McClurg, James, "Belles of Wil-
liamsburg, The," VII, 5.
McConnell, John P., on Virginia
in the new nation, I, 127.
McCord, Frank O., founder of
Ku Klux Klan, II, 531.
McCord, Louisa Susannah
Cheves, author, life of, XII,
132.
MacCorkle, William A., gov-
ernor of West Virginia, I,
395.
McCormick, Cyrus Hall, invent-
or, life of, XII, 132.
invents reaper, I, xl; V, 157.
McCormick Observatory of Uni-
versity of Virginia, VII, 212.
McCorvey, Thomas Chalmers,
on the Masses and the
Classes in Southern Politics,
IV, 338.
McCrady, Edward, "History of
South Carolina," VII, 100.
McCrady, Edward, Jr., "Colo-
nial Education of South
Carolina," VII, 160.
McCready - Hunt nullification
case, II, 69.
McCulloch, Benjamin, soldier,
life of, XII, 133.
in the Civil War, III, 308, 310.
McDonogh, John, philanthro-
pist, life of, XII, 134.
bequest for free schools, X,
400.
McDowell, Ephraim, surgeon,
VII, 362.
McDowell, James, career of,
IX, 49.
McDowell, Silas, his collection
of native apples, V, 241.
McDowell, William, "Pathology
of Bone," VII, 364.
McDuffie, George, politician and
orator, life of, XII, 135.
career of, IX, 51.
influence in public affairs, VII,
161; IX, 93.
on Topmbs's style, IX, 59.
oratorical style, IX, 51.
upholds the national judiciary,
V, 71.
speech on "The Tariff," IX,
287.
portrait, facing, IX, 287.
McEnery, Samuel Douglas, pol-
itician, life of, XII, 137.
McFerrin, John Berry, clergy-
man, life of, XII, 137.
McGee, John, religious work of,
X, 517.
McGee, William, religious work
of, X, 517.
128
INDEX.
Mac Gill, Caroline E., on Immi-
gration to the Southern
States, 1783-1865, V, 595 et
seq; VI, 584 et seq.
McGillivray, Alexander, Indian
chief, life of, XII, 138.
Creek chieftain, II, 156; III,
18; IV, 429.
McGillivray and Strpthers, colo-
nial merchants in Alabama,
II, 258.
McGready, James, influence as
a preacher, IX, 135; X, 517.
preaches in Tennessee, II, 485.
McGuffey, William Holmes,
educator, life of, XII, 139.
issues widely popular readers,
VII, 121, 126.
McGuire, Samuel, in War of
1812, I, 353.
McHenry, James, soldier and
politician, life of, XII, 139.
Mcllhenny, John Avery, soldier,
life of, XII, 140.
Mclntosh James, in the Civil
War, III, 310.
Mclntosh, Lachlan, soldier, life
of, XII, 140.
Mclntosh, Maria Jane, author,
life of, XII, 141.
Mclntosh, William, Creek chief,
life of, XII, 142.
aids Jackson in his battles
with the Indians, X, 163.
bribed by Indian Commission-
ers, X, 163.
reference to, II, 161.
Mclver, Charles D., and the
Southern Education Board,
X, 391, 265.
speech on education, IX, 84.
McKendree, William, clergy-
man, life of, XII, 143.
influence as a preacher, IX,
136; X, 517.
McKenzie, John, leaves his li-
brary to Society, VII, 494.
McKinley, Carlyle, "Sapelo,"
VII, 52.
McKinley, William, and the
Spanish War, X, 116.
tribute to, by Galloway, IX,
76.
McKinley Tariff Act of 1890, IV,
374.
McLaurin, A. J., governor of
Mississippi, II, 455.
senator from Mississippi, II,
461.
McLaws, Emily Lafayette, au-
thor, life of, XII, 144.
McLaws, Lafayette, soldier, life
of, XII, 144.
McMahon, church historian,
VII, 112.
McMaster on Southern Educa-
tion, X, 285.
McNeill, John C., "Songs, Merry
and Sad," VII, 52.
McNutt, Alexander G., governor
of Mississippi, II, 389.
McTyerie, Holland Nimmons,
editor, life of, XII, 145.
and Vanderbilt University, X,
232.
influence as a preacher, IX,
150.
Macaulay, Lord, on Bishop
Pierce, X, 519.
"Macdonald's Raid," by Hayne,
VII, 35.
Machinery, early improvement
of, V, 310.
harvesting, VI, 104.
Mackey, Albert Gallatin, author,
life of, XII, 128.
Maclean, Clara Victoria Dargan,
author, life of, XII, 129.
Macomb, Alexander, makes
treaty with Seminoles, III,
34.
Macon, Nathaniel, soldier, life
of, XII, 130.
"Madame Delicieuse," by Cable,
VIII, 259.
Madison, James (1), educator
and bishop, life of, XII, 145.
teaches the "Law of Nations
and Nature and the Fine
Arts," X, 325.
Madison, James (2), statesman,
life of, XII, 146.
"Father of the Constitution,"
I, 103.
first appearance in politics, I,
89.
interest in cotton growing, V,
200.
in the Virginia convention, I,
108.
INDEX.
129
Madison, James (2), labors of,
at the Constitutional con-
vention, I, 103; IX, 132; X,
xxiii.
law writer, VII, 327.
letter of, to Thomas Jefferson,
facing, XII, 146.
notes made by, on proceedings
of Philadelphia Convention,
IV, 114.
objects to the word "tolera-
tion" in the draft of the Vir-
ginia Bill of Rights, X, 478.
on Virginia plan for constitu-
tion, IV, 118.
portrait of, facing, I, 102.
"Virginia Resolutions," VII,
192.
"Madison Gazette," early Ala-
bama newspaper, VII, 419.
"Madison Miscellany," edited by
Thompson, VII, 75; VIII,
xliii.
Madison Report, the, I, 105.
Maffitt, John Newland, clergy-
man, life of, XII, 149.
Maffitt, John Newland (2), na-
val officer, life of, XII, 150.
in the Civil War, I, 494.
Magazines at end of War, VII,
457.
Northern, contributed to, by
Southern writers, VIII, Ivi.
Southern, VII, 437.
Southern, precarious existence
of, X, 33.
Magee, August, filibuster in
Texas, III, 349.
Magna Charta, references to,
IX, 248, 423.
descendants of the men who
secured this document were
the churchmen of Virginia
and other English colonies,
X, 446.
Magna Charta of Virginia, X,
441.
"Magnetism and the Circulation
of the Atmosphere, Relations
Between," by Maury, VII,
233.
Magoffin, Beriah, statesman, life
of, XII, 149.
Magrath, Andrew Gordon, law-
yer and politician, life of,
XII, 150.
9
Magrath, Andrew Gordon, gov-
ernor of South Carolina, II,
94.
Magruder, John Bankhead,
soldier, life of, XII, 151.
in the Civil War, III, 410.
Magruder, Julia, author, life of,
XII, 152.
reference to, X, 636.
Mahone, William, soldier and
politician, life of, XII, 152.
Maine, admission of, into Union,
IX, 227.
Mainzer, Adelsverein, an asso-
ciation of German nobles, ac-
quires land for settlement in
Texas, X, 145; dissolves, X,
147.
"Majors and Minors," by Dun-
bar, VII, 532.
"Major Gasden's Story," by
Thorpe, VII, 81.
"Major Jones's Chronicles of
Pineville," by Thompson,
VII, 72, 76.
"Major Jones's Courtship," by
Thompson, VII, 72, 76; VIII,
xliii.
extract from, VIII, 180.
"Major Jones's Sketches of
Travel," by Thompson, VII,
72, 76.
Makemie, Francis, clergyman,
life of, XII, 153.
first licensed Presbyterian
preacher in Virginia, IX, 6.
organizes the Presbytery of
Philadelphia, X, 469.
persecution and sufferings of,
X, 469.
Malabar sugar cane, V, 186.
Malagasy element in American
negro population, X, 169.
Malaria, among Southern whites,
VI, 595.
Malbone, Edward Greene, paint-
er, life of, XII, 153.
friendship with Allston, X,
677.
Maldonado, in Pensacola bay, X,
129.
Mallet, John William, chemist
and educator, life of, XII,
154.
first work in America in atom-
ic weights, VII, 225.
130
INDEX.
Mallory, Stephen Russell, states-
man, life of, XII, 155.
Malone, Walter, poet, life of,
XII, 156.
Manahpacs, the, early Indian
tribe, X, 159.
Manakinton, Va., settled by Hu-
guenots, X, 120.
Manassas, Stephens on the field
of, IX, 404.
Manchester Unity, X, 648.
Manganese, deposits of, in
Southern States, VI, 230.
production of, in the South,
VI, 230.
shipped to the North, VI, 230.
Mangum, Willie Person, lawyer
and politician, life of, XII,
156. .
Manigault, Arthur Middleton,
soldier, life of, XII, 156.
Manigault, Gabriel, merchant,
life of, XII, 157.
Manigault, Gabriel Edward,
scientist, life of, XII, 158x
Manly, Basil, educator, life of,
XII, 158.
influence as a preacher, IX,
146; X, 495.
Manly, Charles, lawyer and pol-
itician, life of, XII, 158.
Manly, John M., educator, VII,
132.
Manly, Matthias Evans, jurist,
life of, XII, 159.
Mann, Horace, and the common
school revival, X, 287.
Mansfield, La., engagement at,
III, 413.
Mansion and outhouses, group-
ing of, X, 691.
Mansions, Southern, compara-
tively few, X, 659.
Manteo, an Indian chief, I, 6.
Manual Labor School, near Pen-
dleton, S. C, X, 361.
"Manual of American Libra-
ries," by Rhees, VII, 499.
Manufactures, action of South-
western Convention on, V,
317.
British policy in colonial, V,
308.
causes of their slow develop-
ment, V, 313.
colonial, V, 299 et seq.
Manufactures, conditions af-
fecting Southern rank in,
VI, 297 et seq.
conventions act on, V, 317.
cotton, fluctuations in, VI, 288.
cotton, new centers of, VI,
477.
cotton, profits of, in 1870, VI,
256.
cotton, resumed after the war,
VI, 255.
cotton, Southern development
of, V, 316 et seq.
cotton, three periods of de-
velopment in, V, 318 et seq.
cotton, Western extension of,
VI, 288.
diversified, in the South, VI,
295.
during ante-bellum and war
periods, V, 313 et seq.
early founders of, V, 314.
early, in the South, V, 19.
effect of immigration on, V,
307.
effect of the Revolution on,
V, 311.
effects of the Civil War on
Southern, 332-334.
English interest in colonial,
V, 299 et seq.
extent in South before Civil
War, IV, 185.
Germans aid in Pennsylvania
V, 314.
hindered by plantation sys-
tem, V, 314.
home, V, 322.
household, V, 303, 307, 309,
312, 317; VI, 255.
impediments to, in the South,
V, 317.
increase in, I, liii.
influence of slavery on, V, 313.
in the North fostered by tar-
iff of 1811-1815, IV, 369.
in the South, 1850, IV, 189.
in the South, 1860, IV, 189.
iron, modern development of,
in the South, VI, 271 et seq.
long movement towards, in
the South, VI, 258.
lumber, VI, 268-271.
modern development of, in the
South, 1880-1905, VI, 264 et
seq.
INDEX.
131
Manufactures, perfection of, in
the North, VI, 253.
primary, Missouri leading
state in, VI, 261.
raw materials of, V, 300, 303.
secondary, in Maryland, VI,
262.
slow recovery of, VI, 2.
Southern, benefit of the Pan-
ama Canal to, VI, 644.
Southern, comparative values
of, VI, 297.
Southern, completely rehabil-
itated, VI, 258.
Southern, engaged in by
Northern men, VI, 253, 266,
272, 279.
Southern, from 1865 to 1880,
VI, 253 et seq.
Southern, germinal period of,
VI, 255.
Southern, increased value of,
from 1880 to 1900, VI, 371.
Southern recuperative power
shown by, VI, 263.
Southern, their world-wide
market, VI, 371.
Southern, statistics of, VI, 303.
Southern, suited to the de-
mands of other states, VI,
357.
spread of primary, V, 326.
statistics of, V, 329, 331.
steel, in the South, VI, 278.
their tendency to concentrate
and to specialize, VI, 303.
their relation to transporta-
tion and density of popula-
tion, VI, 301.
tobacco, VI, 294.
undeveloped in the South in
the 17th century, V, 27.
"Manufacturers' Record, The,"
economic work, VI, 539.
quoted on the South, I, liii.
Manufacturing, cooperative, in
the South, VI, 581.
papers on, by Gregg, VII, 178.
Manure, from cotton seed, VI,
99.
Manures, chemical, Southern
use of, VI, 91.
Manuring, first general, V, 81.
Many, James B., takes over
Arkansas Post from French,
III, 273.
Manzanet, expedition of, to
Texas, III, 337.
March, publishes an English
grammar, VII, 131.
"Marcus Aurelius," translated
by Long, VII, 137.
Marechal, Archbishop, estimate
of Catholic population by,
X, 544.
Marine Insurance, see Insur-
ance.
Marion, Francis, soldier, life of,
XII, 159.
depicted by Simms in "The
Partisan," VIII, xxx.
in the Revolution, II, 34; X,
120.
portrait of, facing, II, 34.
Market gardening, improvement
of, by experiment station
work, VI, 475.
Markets, foreign, Southern in-
crease of, VI, 355, 369.
municipal, VI, 445.
produce, town regulation of,
V, 477.
Marks, Albert Smith, politician
and soldier, life of, XII, 160.
Marmaduke, John Sappington,
soldier, life of, XII, 161.
Marquette, explores the Missis-
sippi River, III, 265.
Marriage, first, in Jamestown
colony, I, 13.
superstitions regarding, VII,
57.
"Marriage of Meh Lady, The,"
by Page, VIII, 327.
Marschalk, Andrew, founder of
Mississippi "Herald," VII,
420.
publisher of Natchez "Ga-
zette," VII, 470.
"Mars Chan," by Page, VII, 40;
VIII, 323.
"Mars John," by Russell, VII,
40.
Marshall, Daniel, influence as a
preacher, IX, 133.
Marshall, Humphrey, soldier,
life of, XII, 162.
Marshall, Humphrey (2), poli-
tician, life of, XII, 163.
Marshall, John, jurist, life of,
XII, 163.
and the Protestant Episcopal
Church in Virginia, X, 522.
133
INDEX.
Marshall, John, biographer of
Washington, VII, 97.
chief justice of the United
States, IX, 108.
death of, IV, 465.
eminence as a lawyer, IX, 108.
influence upon Revolution, IX,
92.
in Virginia convention, I, 108.
on the Cherokee controversy,
II, 163.
portrait, facing, IX, 108.
position in national affairs,
VII, 192; IX, 34; X, 647.
"Writings Upon the Federal
Constitution," VII, 326.
Marshall, Thomas, soldier, life
of, XII, 166.
career of, IX, 48.
speech on the "Matt Ward
Case," IX, 398.
Marshall, Thomas A., professor
in Transylvania University,
X, 241, 332.
"Marshes of Glynn, The," by
Lanier, VII, 50.
Martin, Alexander, "Tribute to
General Francis Nash," VII,
4.
Martin, Artemas, editor of
"Mathematical Visitor, The,"
VII, 214.
"Mathematical Magazine,
The," VII, 214.
"Notes on the History of
American Text-books on
Arithmetic," VII, 202.
"Martin Faber," by Simms,
VIII, xxvii.
Martin, Francois Xavier, histo-
rian and jurist, life of, XII,
167.
"History of Louisiana," VII,
321.
Martin, James G., in the Civil
War, I, 485.
Martin, Joseph, on fish taken
from the Potomac, V, 268.
Martin, Josiah, last of royal gov-
ernors in North Carolina, I,
457, 462.
Martin, Luther, defends Aaron
Burr, IX, 112.
defense of Judge Chase, IX,
110.
fear of Federal aggrandize-
ment, I, 189.
Martin, Luther, influence against
ratification of constitution,
IV, 130.
legal victories over Jefferson,
IX, 111.
portrait, facing, IX, 179.
speech "Portion of the Report
of the Proceedings of the
General Constitution Held at
Philadelphia in 1787," IX,
179.
"Martyr Patriots," by Wharton,
VII, 323.
"Martyrs de la Louisiane," by
Lussan, VII, 316.
"Marvelous Capture, A," by
Kennedy, VIII, 102.
Marvin, Enoch M., influence as
a preacher, IX, 149.
Mary Baldwin Seminary, X, 254.
MARYLAND
acceptance of English laws,
I, 170.
act of toleration, X, 448.
American Catholicity first
planted in, X, 537.
an independent state, I, 180.
a province from the outset, I,
152.
a sort of asylum for Quakers
and Puritans, X, 528.
attitude of Federal govern-
ment to, during Civil War, I,
204.
attitude toward secession, I,
202.
banking in, V, 462.
becomes a royal province, X,
99.
boundary disputes with Vir-
ginia, IV, 9, 138.
boundary line with Pennsyl-
vania, I, 172.
burden of debt relieved by
George Peabody, I, 199.
Catholic missions in, X, 541.
Catholics punished, X, 99.
church establishment in, 1, 166.
claim upon Delaware, I, 163.
close bonds with England, I,
179.
coal mining in, V, 290.
colleges and universities, I,
232.
colonial revenues, V, 519.
INDEX.
133
Maryland, colony settled in,
IV, 6.
condition of, at close of Rev-
olution, I, 186.
conditions in, prior to the
Revolution, I, 178.
constitution of 1867, I, 215.
contention with Virginia over
public lands, I, 183.
copper mining in, V, 281, 282.
cotton factories in, V, 328.
cultivation of wheat in, V, 220.
development of manufactures
in, VI, 261.
dissenters in, X, 467.
early agricultural products, I,
158.
early law making, I, 153.
early relations with Virginia,
I, 29.
effect of English common-
wealth upon, I, 160.
emancipation in, V, 150.
finances of, V, 518-523; VI,
498-501.
financial administration of,
VI, 498.
first Germans in, X, 141.
first newspaper in, I, 171.
first printing press in, I, 171.
first railroad charter in the
United States granted in, V,
521.
first railways in, I, 195.
first settlers in, V, 14.
first settlements in. I, 155.
fisheries of, VI, 159.
for whom named, I, 150.
frames a Bill of Rights, 1, 181.
free schools established in, I,
170.
funded debt of, VI, 499.
geography of, I, 149.
Germans in, I, 172.
gold mining in, V, 278.
government of province of, I,
156.
growth of population 'from
1660 to 1790, V, 15.
hemp and flax culture in, V,
230 et seq.
history of, I, 149 et seq.
how settled, X, 98.
Indian troubles in, I, 163.
in the Civil War, I, 205.
in the Revolution, I, 184.
Maryland, in the War of 1812,
I, 190.
invites the Federal Congress
to Annapolis, I, 186.
in the fomenting of Revolu-
tion, IX, 25.
iron industry in, V, 284, 305;
VI, 273.
labor development in, V, 87.
last of the proprietary gov-
ernment, I, 168.
list of governors of, III, 473.
mining and agricultural agen-
cies in, V, 554.
modern financial history of,
V, 522.
original bounds of charter, I,
150.
penalty of death for denial of
the divinity of Christ or the
doctrine, of the Trinity, X,
448.
penal servitude in, V, 130.
penitentiary system estab-
lished in, V, 131.
Pilgrims and American Cath-
olicity, X, 540.
plan as to public domains, the,
I, 184.
political conditions in, during
Civil War, I, 206; at close of
war, I, 208, 210.
ports of, V, 412.
progress in education, I, 228.
proposed college arouses jeal-
ousy of Protestant and Ro-
man Catholic members of
assembly, X, 186.
proprietary government ended
in, IV, 28; V, 519.
province of, I, 149.
Puritan majority in the popu-
lation, X, 104.
railways in, I, 228.
recent events in, I, 217.
recent industrial growth, I,
226.
relations with William Penn,
I, 164.
religion in, I, 234.
religious toleration in, I, 153.
repudiates the Stamp Act, I,
173.
rise of political parties in, I,
197.
134
INDEX.
Maryland, road building in, V,
343, 344, 350.
second Southern State to rat-
ify constitution, IV, 130.
sends delegates to the Conti-
nental Congress, I, 181.
servitude in, V, 101.
set aside from Virginia, IV, 5.
share in forming United States
Constitution, I, 188.
sheep industry in, V, 249.
shows more tolerance to sects
than does Virginia, X, 99.
slavery a political issue in, I,
199.
slavery in, I, 196.
slave system modified by cli-
mate and by the nature of
immigrants, X, 99.
state constitution adopted, I,
181.
state constitution of 1864, I,
207.
state convention of 1837, I,
198.
steps to the Revolution, 1, 178.
strike of 1877, I, 219.
taxation in, V, 520.
tax system of, VI, 499.
tobacco culture in, V, 167, 168.
topographical mapping of, VI,
553.
Virginia boundaries settled in
1877, I, 163; IV, 140.
"Maryland, A Character of the
Province of," by Alsop, VII,
2.
Maryland "Gazette," published
by Parks, VII, 410, 470.
revived by Green, VII, 410.
Maryland "Gazette and Adver-
tiser," edited by John Dun-
lap, VII, 412.
"Maryland, History of," by
Browne, VII, 99.
"Maryland Journal and Balti-
more Advertiser," edited by
Goddard, VII, 411.
"Maryland, My Maryland,"
words by J. R. Randall, VII,
19, 396.
Maryland State Library Com-
mission, I, 230.
Maryland, University of, I, 232;
X, 199.
Mary MacLean Circle of King's
Daughters, X, 627.
Maryville College, Tennessee,
X, 204.
Mason and Dixon's line, when
first outlined on the political
map, IX, 35.
Mason, Armistead Thomson,
politician, life of, XII, 168.
Mason, Emily Virginia, author,
life of, XII, 168.
Mason, George, (1), frontiers-
man, life of, XII, 169.
Mason, George, (2), frontiers-
man, XII, 169.
Mason, George, (3), legislator,
life of, XII, 169.
Mason, George, (4), statesman,
life of, XII, 169.
author of Virginia Bill of
Rights, I, 89; VII, 189, X,
447.
portrait, facing, I, 86.
Mason, James Murray, diplomat,
life of, XII, 171.
Confederate commissioner
seized on board Trent, IV,
532.
surrendered to British govern-
ment, IV, 534.
Mason, John Thomson, lawyer,
life of, XII, 172.
Mason, Lowell, father of church
music, VII, 387.
Mason, Richard Barnes, soldier,
life of, XII, 172.
Mason, Steven Thomson, (1),
politician, life of, XII, 172.
Mason, Steven Thomson, (2),
politician, life of, XII, 172.
Mason, Thomson, lawyer, life
of, XII, 173.
Massachusetts, early efforts to
repress intoxication in, X,
568.
law of 1647 concerning educa-
tion, X, 197.
only state which surpasses
South Carolina in cotton
manufacturing, II, 107.
share in Revolution, I, 91.
slavery legalized in, V, 106.
Massachusetts General Court
calls for Stamp Act Con-
gress, IV, 48.
INDEX.
135
"Massachusetts Magazine" of
1789 and teacher-training, X,
295.
"Massa's in de Cold, Cold
Ground," by Foster, VII, 68.
Masses and the Classes in
Southern Politics, the, IV,
338.
Massie School, VII, 171.
Master and Servant, V, 96, 97.
"Master William Mitten," by
Longstreet, X, 519.
"Mathematical Magazine, The,"
by Martin, VII, 214.
"Mathematical Messenger, The,"
by Harvill, VII, 214.
"Mathematical Visitor, The," by
Martin, VII, 214.
Mathematics and Astronomy,
the South's contribution to,
VII, 200.
Mathematics, American Journal
of, VII, 216.
Mathematics in America, VII,
201.
"Mathematics in the United
States, History and Teaching
of," by Cajori, VII, 217.
Mathews, Edward B., on minor
mineral industries in the
South, VI, 243 et seq.
on products of mines and min-
ing, V, 275 et seq.
on state and local agencies
for the promotion of agricul-
ture and mining, V, 551 et
seq.
on the cement and gypsum
industry of the South, VI,
202 et seq.
on the natural resources of
the South and the future, VI,
635 et seq.
on the physical features and
natural resources of the
South, V, 1 et seq.
Mathews, H. M., governor of
West Virginia, I, 394.
Matthews, George Bagby, artist,
life of, XII, 175.
Matthews (James), Brander, au-
thor and educator, life of,
XII, 173.
"Matt Ward Case, The," speech
by Marshall, IX, 398.
Maud S., famous trotting mare,
VI, 139.
Maury, Dabney Herndon, sol-
dier, life of, XII, 175.
Maury, Matthew Fontaine, na-
val officer, life of, XII, 176.
portrait, facing, VII, 232.
reference to, VII, 287.
writings of, VII, 233.
Maxey, Jonathan, and South
Carolina College, X, 220.
Maxey, Samuel Bell, soldier,
life of, XII, 178.
Maximilian of Austria, attempt
of, to become emperor of
Mexico, IV, 539.
Maxwell, Augustus Emmett,
jurist, life of, XII, 178.
Mayer, Frank B., painter, X, 680.
Mayes, S. E., "Ethics, Descrip-
tive and Explanatory," VII,
265.
"Mayflower," the, "compact"
made in cabin of, X, 442.
Maynard, Horace, politician, life
of, XII, 179.
New England statesman in
South, VII, 304.
Mayo, John, legislator, life of,
XII, 180.
Mayo, John, soldier, life of, XII,
180.
Mayo, Joseph, lawyer, life of,
XII, 180.
Mayo, Robert, physician, life of,
XII, 180.
Mayo, William, surveyor, civil
engineer, life of, XII, 181.
Mazan, Chevalier de, attempt to
manufacture sugar, V, 184.
Meade, G. C., military governor
of Florida, III, 65.
Meade, Richard Kidder, lawyer
and legislator, life of, XII,
181.
editor of "Chemical Engi-
neer," VII, 230.
reference to, X, 360.
Meade, William, bishop, life of,
XII, 182.
Christianizing the negroes, X,
512.
on the origin of civil and re-
ligious liberty, X, 446.
reference to, X, 522.
Meat products, Federal inspec-
tion of, VI, 462.
Mechanical pursuits, checked by
plantation system, V, 314.
136
INDEX.
Mechanics, Confederate want of,
V, 479.
Mecklenburg Declaration of In-
dependence, I, 459, 466; IV,
66; IX, 9.
"Mecklenburg Declaration of
Independence," by Brevart,
VII, 358.
Medical and Philosophical Es-
says, by Shecut, VII, 363.
Medical and surgical education,
impulse to, by the Revolu-
tionary War, X, 304.
"Medical and Surgical Journal
of South Carolina," founded
by Smith, J. L., VII, 224.
Medical College of Virginia,
VII, 369.
Medical colleges in the South,
X, 305.
Medical education in the South,
X, 303.
Medical school established at
Philadelphia, VII, 356.
Medical science and literature,
contributions to, VII, 356.
Medical Missionary Society of
Southern Methodists, X, 508.
Medicine and Surgery, progress
of, in South, VII, 355.
since the war, VII, 369.
Medicine in the beginning of
nineteenth century, VII, 359.
Medicines, Confederate supply
of, V, 480.
Medina, battle of, III, 350.
Medway, Georgia, second col-
ony of New Englanders in
South, VII, 296.
Meek, Alexander Beaufort, poet
and jurist, life of, XII, 183.
"Land of the South, The,"
VII, 29.
"Mocking-bird, The, VII, 17.
"Songs and Poetry of the
South," VII, 17.
"Meekins's Twinses," by Bagby,
VII, 84.
"Meh Lady," by Page, VII, 40;
VIII, Ixiv.
Meigs, Josiah, second president
of University of Georgia,
VII, 299.
Mell, Patrick Hues (1), educa-
tor and clergyman, life of,
XII, 184.
Mell, Patrick Hues (2), scien-
tist and educator, life of. XII,
184.
on rice planting in the agricul-
tural development of the
South, V, 169 et seq.
on the conditions of rice cul-
ture in the South since 1865,
VI, 72 et seq.
on the influence of state and
federal governments in pro-
moting Southern agriculture,
VI, 467 et seq.
Mellen, George F., educator,
VII, 155.
on editors of South, VII, 470
et seq.
on New England in Southern
culture, VII, 313 et seq.
on South's contributions to
the nation's wit and humor,
VII, 71 et seq.
Membre, Father Zenobius, priest
and missionary, life of, XII,
185.
explores the Mississippi river,
III, 265.
Memminger, Charles Gustavus,
financier, life of, XII, 186.
founder of public school sys-
tem in Charleston, X, 288.
in the secession movement,
II, 80.
Memorial and educational work
by Southern women, X, 629.
"Memory," by Sayler, VII, 265.
Memphis, Tenn., founded, II, 488.
capture of, II, 514.
commercial convention of
1845 held at, II, 499; IV, 179,
181, 183.
growth of trade of, IV, 169.
project of naval dockyard at,
IV, 179.
Memphis and Charleston Rail-
road, development of, IV,
170.
Memphis and La Grange Rail-
road, failure of, IV, 169.
Mendez, Don Antonio, made the
first sugar in Louisiana, V,
185.
INDEX.
137'
Menendez de Aviles, expedition
to Florida, III, 8, 9, 10; X,
539.
Menhaden, Southern yield of,
VI, 161.
"Mental Development in the
Child and the Race," by
Baldwin, VII, 268.
Mercantilist policy of the Eng-
lish authorities, V, 26.
Mercer, Hugh, in the Revolu-
tion, I, 93.
Mercer, H. W., in the Civil War,
II, 177.
Mercer, Jesse, influence as a
preacher, IX, 136.
Mercer, John Francis, soldier,
politician, life of, XII, 187.
reference to, X, 557.
Mercer, Margaret, life of, XII,
188.
Mercer University, founded, IX,
136.
Merchant, commission, function
of the, V, 398.
country, rise of the, VI, 348.
princes, early American, V,
382.
Merchant marine of the South,
V, 367-372; VI, 329-333.
Merchants, commission, their
dealings with planters, V,
458-461.
Mercier, Alfred, author, life of,
XII, 188.
writings of, VII, 317, 318.
Merinos, craze for, V, 249.
Meriwether, Colyer, on histori-
cal studies in South, VII, 88.
on Southern historical socie-
ties, VII, 511.
Meriwether, Lee, lawyer and
author, life of, XII, 189.
Merrill, George P., on building
and ornamental stone, VI,
197 et seq.
"Merrimac," Confederate iron-
clad, fight with U. S. "Moni-
tor," I, 124; iy, 513.
Meschacebe, Indian name for
the Mississippi, III, 263.
Messenger, famous stallion, V,
244.
Metayage, or share system, VI,
6, 13, 90.
Metal bearing regions, three in
the South, VI, 215.
Metals, Southern mining of, at
different periods, VI, 216.
"Metamorphoses" of Ovid,
translated by Sandys, VII,
484.
Methodist Episcopal Church
founds colleges for the col-
ored race, X, 251, and for
whites, X, 251.
founds Western Maryland
College, X, 251.
influence of, in America, X,
460.
influence upon Southern states,
IX, 129.
in Arkansas, III, 290.
in South Carolina, II, 21.
opposition to theological sem-
inaries, X, 316.
schools for training of min-
isters, X, 317.
three-fold influence on Amer-
icans, X, 461.
when first established in the
South, IX, 134.
"Methodist Polity," by Turner,
VII, 534.
Methods of education in South,
Old, VII, 117.
Metrical Geometry, by Halsted,
VII, 218.
Mettauer, John Peter, surgeon,
VII, 361.
Meusebach, Herr von, and Dr.
Remer make treaty With Co-
manches, X, 146.
Mexico, acquisitions secured
from, IV, 310.
approached by United States
with proposal to buy Texas,
III, 358.
border trade with Texas dur-
ing Civil War, III, 405.
boundary settlements with,
IV, 277.
cession of 1848, V, 389.
commercial treaty with, V,
386.
does not recognize republic of
Texas, III, 366.
early boundary question with
the United States, III, 280.
extends land system to Texas,
V, 64.
France's efforts to place Max-
imilian on throne of, IV, 539,
138
INDEX.
Mexico, French evacuation of,
IV, 647.
French intervention in 1865,
IV, 619.
gains independence, X, 136.
improved Southern trade with,
VI, 379.
introduction of corn into, V,
215.
offers terms to Texas, III,
380.
sends warning to United
States on subject of Texas,
III, 377.
Texas as a part of, III, 335.
Texas revolts from, III, 359.
Mexico, War with, in 1845, IV,
271, 277, 290.
Alabama in, II, 281.
Arkansas in, III, 299.
declaration of hostilities, III,
383; IV, 272, 311.
Kentucky in, I, 284.
Louisiana in, III, 131.
Mississippi in, II, 390.
popularity of, in the South,
IV, 291.
result of, I, xli.
South Carolina in, II, 71.
Texas in, III, 383.
Mexico, Gulf of, Spanish, French
and British civilizations
around the coasts of the, V,
66.
Mezes, Sidney Edward, educa-
tor, life of, XII, 189.
Mica, Southern production of,
VI, 237.
Micanopy, Indian chief, opposes
treaty with whites, X, 164.
Michigan, discovery of copper
in, V, 281.
salt works in, V, 296.
Middlemen, methods of, VI, 405
et seq.
Middleton, Arthur, statesman,
life of, XII, 190.
Middleton, Arthur, signer of the
Declaration of Independence,
life of, XII, 191.
in the Revolution, IX, 26.
raises troops to aid the Caro-
linas, IV, 13.
Middleton, Henry, politician
and diplomat, life of, XII,
192.
Middleton, Henry, delegate to
first Continental Congress,
II, 28.
in public life, II, 62.
Mignot, Louis R., painter, X,
680.
Milan decrees, damage to Amer-
ican commerce and shipping
by, V, 383.
Miles, George Henry, dramatist,
life of, XII, 192.
Miles, Richard Pius, bishop, life
of, XII, 193.
"Military Operations of General
Beauregard," by Roman, VII,
322.
Military Reconstruction Act of
1867, IV, 566.
Milky Way, Indian legend of,
VII, 63.
Mill centers, growth of, V, 322.
Milledgeville, Ga., captured by
Sherman, II, 213.
Miller, Alfred J., painter, X, 680.
Miller, Edmund T., on the state
finances of Texas, V, 537-
539; VI, 519-522.
Miller, Henry, physician, VII,
365.
Miller, James, first territorial
governor of Arkansas, III,
282.
Miller, Samuel, of Princeton, on
humanistic training, X, 195.
Miller, Walter, educator, VII,
157.
Milling centers, V, 308.
"Millions for defense," II, 62.
Mills, J. E., chemist, VII, 230.
Mills, Robert, architect, life of,
XII, 194.
"Statistics of South Carolina,"
VII, 175.
writer on transportation, VII,
178.
Mills, Roger Quarles, lawyer
and soldier, life of, XII, 194.
Millsaps College, Mississippi, X,
232.
Mill Spring, battle of, I, 293.
Mills Tariff Act, IV, 374.
Milton, John, lawyer, life of,
XII, 195.
Mims, Edwin, educator and au-
thor, life of, XII, 196.
editor of Southern fiction,
VIII.
INDEX.
Mims, Edwin, educator, VII,
133.
on Southern fiction, VIII, ix
et seq.
on Southern magazines, VII,
437 et seq.
on Southern poetry, charac-
teristics of, VII, 1 et seq.
Mineral deposits of the South,
V, 3, 4, 6, 8.
industry, basis of, V, 276.
industries, minor in the South,
VI, 243 et seq.
resources, exploitation of, V,
275.
resources, scientific study of,
V, 275.
Minerals, non-metallic, produc-
tion of, in the South, VI, 233
et seq.
Miners, organization among, VI,
38.
Mines, products of, V, 275 et seq.
value of output, I, li.
Mining, gold, V, 276-281.
Mining, manufactures, transpor-
tation and commerce, writ-
ings upon, VII, 177 et seq.
Mining, state and local agencies
for promoting, V, 551 et seq.
Ministers, schools for training
of, X, 317.
Ministering Circle of King's
Daughters, X, 627.
Minnesota, wheat its chief ag-
ricultural product, V, 213.
Minor, B. B., editor of "Literary
Messenger," VII, 444.
Minor, John B., succeeds Tucker
in University of Virginia, X,
336.
"Institutes," VII, 334.
Minstrels, survival of, VII, 59.
Minstrelsy, birth of negro, VII,
68.
Miravello, Diego, early Spanish
explorer, III, 4.
Miro, governor of Louisiana.
Ill, 95.
vetoes American colonization
at New Madrid, III, 189.
Missionary ideal and effort, com-
mon activity among the
churches, X, 464.
spirit in the South, X, 436.
139
the
Missionary work among
negroes, X, 511.
Missionary Ridge, battle of, II,
196, 197.
MISSISSIPPI
admitted into Union, II, 375.
agricultural and geological
surveys in, V, 560.
an agricultural state, II, 395.
American occupation of, II,
358.
attitude of state toward peace-
able Reconstruction, II, 426.
banking in, V, 468.
banking interests, II, 380.
black belt in, II, 333.
boundaries defined by Con-
gress, II, 372.
boundary disputes with Louis-
iana, IV, 154:
boundary disputes with Ten-
nessee, IV, 147.
Brandon's administration, II,
381.
Brown's administration, II,
389.
burden of taxation, II, 440.
Burr, Aaron, in, II, 364.
campaigns against Vicksburg,
II, 413.
carpet-baggers in, II, 437.
Choctaw treaty, II, 378.
Civil War bonds, V, 528.
Claiborne's administration, II,
362.
claimed by Georgia, II, 355.
climate of, II, 334.
closing events of war, II, 419.
code of laws made, II, 380.
colonial and territorial times,
II, 332.
conditions at outbreak of war,
II, 411.
conditions of life in early
state, II, 383.
congressional plan of Recon-
struction, II, 431.
constitution of 1817, II, 370.
constitution of 1832, II, 385.
constitution of 1865, II, 428.
constitution of 1868, II, 431.
constitution of 1890, II, 447.
contributions to Southern
army, II, 422.
De Soto in, II, 337.
140
INDEX.
Mississippi, development of edu-
cation in, before the war, X,
205.
drainage of lands in, VI, 555.
early American interest in, II,
355.
early education in, II, 377.
early explorations, II, 336.
early industrial progress, II,
367.
early land grants, II, 348.
early means of transportation,
II, 367.
early religious and social con-
ditions, II, 368.
early state politics, II, 398.
economic condition at close of
war, II, 451.
economic growth prior to war,
II, 392.
education after war, II, 454.
education before the war, II,
390, 397.
embayment, V, 10.
English colonial policy in, II,
348.
English control of, II, 346.
events leading to secession, II,
402.
evils of Reconstruction, II,
436.
finances in 1830, II, 382.
finances in 1833, II, 387.
financial disorders in, V, 524.
first highway, II, 361; V, 345.
first law codes, II, 362.
first railway, II, 388.
first settlements in, II, 342.
first state officers, II, 374.
first state to point the way
toward legal disfranchise-
ment, II, 450.
"flush times" in, II, 388.
French and Spanish influence
upon colony, II, 355.
French control of settlements,
II, 343.
French explorers in, II, 340.
French land laws in, V, 62.
geography, II, 332.
geological survey, conducted
by Hilgard, E. W., VII, 256.
Georgia's claims in, relin-
quished, II, 360.
government during war, II,
423.
Mississippi, Governor Brandon
attempts revision of revenue
laws in, V, 524.
Grant's advance into, II, 412.
history of, II, 332 et seq.
Holmes' administration, II,
376.
Holmes' second administra-
tion, II, 381.
Iberville in, II, 341.
increase of state debt, II, 438.
Indians in, II, 335.
Indian troubles, I, 344.
Indian wars, II, 366.
industrial growth, II, 455.
influence of Louisiana Pur-
chase upon, II, 363.
in the Confederacy, II, 410.
in the Mexican War, II, 390.
in the Revolution, II, 351.
in the War of 1812, II, 365.
issue of cotton notes in, V,
525.
Jackson founded and made
state capital, II, 380.
labor conditions, II, 393.
land systems, II, 361.
La Salle in, II, 341.
Leake's administration, II,
381.
legislative investigation, II,
443.
levee system originated, II,
391.
liabilities in the Confederate
states period, V, 525.
loss to state by war, II, 452.
Louisiana boundary settled,
IV, 155.
Lowry's administration, II,
445.
McNutt's administration, 11^
389.
Matthews' administration, II,
391.
military rule established, II,
432.
naming of state, II, 374.
negro problem after war, II,
452.
negro slaves introduced, II,
351.
negro suffrage in, II, 436.
nullification question in, II,
388.
INDEX.
141
Mississippi, officers in Southern
army, II, 422.
opening of hostilities in, II,
412.
panic of 1837, II, 388.
passes out of French control,
II, 346.
pioneer statehood, II, 376.
plantation system, II, 395.
Poindexter's administration,
II, 377.
political interregnum in, VII,
501.
political leaders in early days,
II, 399.
politics and leaders since war,
II, 456.
population in 1810, II, 370.
population in 1820, II, 378.
population in 1837, II, 389.
principal towns in 1837, II,
389.
prohibition in, II, 445.
public education in, V, 527.
public schools in 1860, II, 398.
questions of franchise in, II,
448.
railway extension and bonds,
II, 391.
readmitted to Union, II, 436.
recent state budget, II, 456.
Reconstruction in, II, 436.
reorganization of state gov-
ernment, II, 425.
repudiation in, V, 525.
restoration of white control,
II, 442.
revenue law of, VI, 503.
rice culture in, V, 170.
rumblings of war in, II, 404.
Sargent's administration, II,
360.
schoolboy clubs for agricul-
tural work, X, 377.
secession of, II, 405, 406.
senators not recognized by
Congress, II, 431.
sends a commission to Wash-
ington, on reorganization, II,
427.
settlers from adjacent states,
II, 376.
slavery question in, II, 378.
social system before the war,
II, 396.
Mississippi, Spanish possessions
in, II, 364.
special taxation in, VI, 501.
state bank, II, 380.
state bank failures, II, 389.
state debt, credit, and tax of,
VI, 502.
state finances of, V, 523-525;
VI, 501-504.
state organized, 1817, II, 269,
369.
states rights in, II, 392.
Stone's administration, II, 443.
survey of Alabama line, II,
378.
surveys by Americans, 11,357.
Tennessee boundary settled,
IV, 148.
territory created, II, 263, 359.
transportation problems, II,
377.
treaty of Pontotoc, II, 387.
under negro rule, II, 439.
under Spanish control, II, 353.
United States land system ap-
plied to, V, 62.
wealth of planters, II, 397.
Yazoo land sale, II, 356.
See also West Florida.
Mississippi College, VII, 310.
Mississippi "Gazette," estab-
lished by Benjamin M.
Stokes, VII, 419.
Mississippi "Herald," founded
by Marschalk, VII, 420.
Mississippi Industrial School
and College, X, 642.
Mississippi "Messenger," pub-
lished by John Shaw, VII,
420.
Mississippi "Republican and Ad-
vertiser," VII, 420.
"Mississippian," The, edited by
Ethelbert Barksdale, VII,
481.
Mississippi River, The, advan-
tage of, to the Southwest, V,
339.
American control of, V, 340.
commission, VI, 81.
discovery of, by De Soto, III,
7, 83, 263.
early traffic on, III, 207.
explored by La Salle, III, 81.
explorations of, III, 265.
142
INDEX.
Mississippi River, The, Federal
opening of, V, 150.
fertile valley of, II, 333.
French upon the, II, 341.
Iberville discovers mouth of,
II, 341.
improved navigation of, VI,
649.
Indian name of, III, 263.
open alike to American citi-
zens and British subjects, V,
339.
open to England and France,
V, 338.
right to, acquired by British,
II, 350.
steamboat traffic on, III, 109,
114; V, 408.
tributaries made common
highways, V, 340.
Mississippi Total Abstinence As-
sociation, X, 570.
Mississippi, University of, II,
390, 398; VII, 309.
Mississippi Valley, metal-bear-
ing region west of, VI, 215.
settled by Virginians, X, 93.
MISSOURI
admission into Union, III, 214,
215; IV, 459.
agriculture in, III, 250.
an agricultural state, III, 242.
a part of Louisiana, III, 197.
as a territory, III, 274.
attitude toward Texas-Mexico
question, III, 228.
banking in, V, 472.
battles in, III, 236.
Boone, Daniel, in, III, 193.
ceded to United States, III,
194.
character of immigration, III,
243.
coal mining in, V, 293; VI, 177,
181.
colonial manners and customs,
III, 195.
conditions at close of war, III,
240.
constitution of 1820, III, 213.
constitution of 1865, III, 237.
constitution of 1875, III, 259.
constitutional debt and tax
limitation in, VI, 504.
contribution to both armies,
III, 236.
Missouri, controversy regarding,
III, 216.
counties organized, III, 204.
drops name of Louisiana for
that of Missouri, III, 200.
duelling in, III, 207.
early economic conditions, III,
206.
early explorations, III, 183.
early interest in education, III,
244.
early religious movements,
III, 208.
early schools, III, 208.
early slave code, III, 198.
early territorial relations with
Arkansas, III, 275.
education in, III, 251.
emancipation in, V, 150.
expedition of George Rogers
Clark to, III, 187.
first banks, III, 206.
first influx of American set-
tlers, III, 187.
first newspapers, III, 207.
French and Spanish land laws
in, V, 58.
French influence upon colony
of, III, 194.
French occupation of, III,
184.
geological survey in, V, 561.
government during war, III,
236.
great cities of, III, 245.
growth in manufacturing and
mining, III, 245.
growth of manufactures in,
VI, 257.
growth of population, 111,202.
growth of, prior to and during
war, III, 239.
Harrison, William Henry,
makes laws for, III, 198.
hemp culture in, V, 232, 234.
history of. III, 183 et seq.
how admitted to statehood,
III, 222.
Indians in, III, 205.
industrial progress, III, 241.
influence of Benton upon, III,
226.
influx of Americans about
1800, III, 192.
intellectual life, III, 254.
INDEX.
143
Missouri, iron industry in, V,
285; VI, 261.
iron ores in, VI, 225.
Jackson's administration dur-
ing war, III, 234.
Kansas border war, III, 232.
land reclamation in, Vt, 558.
lead and zinc industry in, V,
286, 288.
leading state in primary man-
ufactures, VI, 261.
leaders during war, III, 238.
list of governors, III, 481.
made a separate territory, III,
199.
manufactures in, VI, 257.
"Mineral Region," III, 184.
mining in, III, 249.
negro question, III, 255.
negroes brought into, III, 184.
New Bourbon and Cape Gir-
ardeau established, III, 191.
New Madrid founded, III, 188.
newspapers, III, 255.
oil companies convicted in,
VI, 461.
political affairs, III, 201.
political complexion in 1861,
III, 233.
political storm surrounding
admission of, IX, 37.
population, III, 242.
population in 1804, III, 196.
present political conditions,
III, 255.
prohibition in, III, 259.
prominent writers, III, 254.
provincial period, III, 183.
public debt and receipts of,
VI, 506.
question of admission, I,
xxxix.
railroad debts, III, 256.
railway extension, III, 242.
revenue and taxation in, V,
526.
river traffic, III, 207.
roll of famous men, III, 261.
St. Genevieve, first settlement,
III, 185.
St. Louis founded, III, 185.
secession prevented, III, 231.
sheep industry in, V, 249.
slavery an issue, III, 209.
Spanish occupation, III, 186.
state finances of, V, 526-529;
VI, 504-507.
Missouri, State University,
established, V, 528.
states rights in, III, 210.
steps to statehood, III, 208.
territorial period, III, 197.
test oath held unconstitution-
al, III, 237.
tobacco culture in, V, 164.
trade in lead and fur, III, 195.
trading posts, III, 185.
under jurisdiction of territory
of Indiana, III, 197.
various settlements in, III,
203.
"Missouri Bibliography," III,
254.
Missouri Bill, the, III, 275.
Missouri Botanical Garden, the,
VII, 256.
Missouri Compromise, the, III,
209, 220; X, xxiii.
Clay not the author of, IX, 37.
declared unconstitutional, IV,
466.
how it affected national poli-
tics, IX, 37.
meaning of, IV, 459.
repeal of, III, 231.
"Missouri Gazette," III, 207.
"Missouri Intelligencer," III,
207.
"Missouri Literature," III, 254.
"Missouri Question, T h e,"
speech by Pinckney, IX, 226.
Missouri, University of, III, 253.
"Mistress of Swallow Barn,
The," by Kennedy, VIII,
134.
Mitchell, Elisha, educator and
scientist, life of, XII, 196.
geologist, VII, 253.
professor in North Carolina
University, VII, 307.
Mitchell, John, contributor to
medical literature, VII, 356.
naturalist, VII, 242.
Mitchell, Samuel Childs, educa-
tor, life of, XII, 197.
economic teacher, VI, 549
on Virginia from colony to
commonwealth, I, 73.
Mitchell's Peak, height of, V, 7.
Mobile, Ala., founded, II, 252;
IV, 425.
captured by Farragut, II, 291.
144
INDEX.
Mobile, Ala., captured by Galvez,
II, 259.
first steamboat at, II, 274.
French at, III, 14.
growth of cotton trade of, IV,
168.
increase of exports from, VI,
353.
in 1819, II, 273.
in Spanish days, II, 261.
occupied by United States
troops 1813, IV, 268.
original plan of, II, 253.
surrenders to the British fleet,
II, 266.
trade of, before the war, II,
285.
Mobile and New Orleans, effect
of French and Spanish rule
in, X, 46.
Mobile and Ohio Railroad, de-
velopment of, IV, 172.
Mobile Bay, reached by Fernan-
do de Soto, III, 6.
Mobile Bay and River, first sur-
vey of, II, 258.
Mobile "Centinel," published by
Miller and Hood, VII, 471.
Mobile "Register," edited by
Thaddeus Sanford, VII, 482.
"Mocking-bird, The," by Meek,
VII, 17.
"Model Architect, The," edited
by Davis, VII, 267.
Model Law, the, for bird pro-
tection, VI, 173.
Modern Woodmen of America,
X, 648.
Moffett, Darius, editor of the
Kentucky "Mercury," VII,
422.
editor of "Intelligencer," VII,
420.
Moffitt, Mrs. E. E., editor
"North Carolina Booklet,"
X, 636.
Mohr, Charles T., "Plant Life of
Alabama," VII, 251.
Moise, Penina, Jewish poetess,
X, 563.
Molasses Acts, details of, IV, 33.
Monacans, the, X, 159.
Monazite, Southern production
of, VI, 234.
Monetary System of the United
States, IV, 355.
Money, colonial and early state,
V, 442 et seq.
Confederate, V, 451 et seq.
Confederate, depreciation of,
V, 673-675.
Confederate, table of values
of, V, 453.
English, its small circulation
in the colonies, V, 443.
markets, Southern sensitive-
ness to fluctuations in, V,
435.
paper, V, 436, 443, 444, 446,
447 et seq.
scarcity of, VI, 2.
Spanish, used in the colonies,
V, 445.
Money, H. D., senator from Mis-
sissippi, II, 461.
"Moniteur de la Louisiane, Le,"
VII, 420.
"Monitor," U. S. ironclad, fight
with Confederate ironclad
"Merrimac," IV, 513.
Monopolies, system of granting,
in colonies, IV, 30.
Monopoly, trade, VI, 573 et seq.
Monroe Doctrine, promulgated
in 1823, IV, 287.
text of, IV, 288.
Monroe, Frank Adair, jurist, life
of, XII, 198.
Monroe, James, statesman, life
of, XII, 199.
and the Missouri Compromise,
III, 223.
his "home made" clothes, V,
487.
in the Virginia convention, I,
108.
letter to Thomas Jefferson,
facing, XII, 200.
portrait, facing, I, 108.
proposes a constitutional
amendment, V, 347.
signs treaty for purchase of
Louisiana, IV, 284.
Montiano, governor of St. Au-
gustine, defeated at the battle
of the Bloody Marsh, X, 132.
Montcalm, General, operations
in North, I, 43.
Monterey, California, taken pos-
session of, 1842, IV, 271.
Montgomery, Ala., founded, II,
269, becomes capital of Ala-
bama, II, 274, 289.
INDEX.
145
Montgomery, Ala., desire of, to
double its population, X, 37.
the Confederacy organized at,
II, 289; III, 149.
Montgomery Bell Academy,
VII, 172.
"Montgomery Mail," VIII, xlv.
Mooney School, VII, 171.
"Moonshine" whiskey, VII, 57.
Moore, Alfred, jurist, life of,
XII, 202.
Moore, Andrew Barry, jurist and.
politician, life of, XII, 203.
Moore, Benjamin, publisher of
"Washington Gazette," VII,
470.
Moore, Frederick W., economic
teacher, VI, 549.
on fictitious dealings in agri-
cultural products, VI, 405 et
seq.
on fluctuations in agricultural
prices and wages in the
South, V, 426 et seq.
on fluctuation in prices of ag-
ricultural products, VI, 396
et seq.
on private associations and
combinations to control trade
or production in the South,
VI, 573 et seq.
on the wealth of the South,
V, 624 et seq; VI, 614 et seq.
Moore, H. L., economist, VI,
549.
Moore, James, governor, life of,
XII, 203.
captures St. Augustine, II, 11.
Moore, James, statesman, life of,
XII, 205.
Moore, John Trotwood, editor
and author, life of, XII, 205.
Moore, M. Herndon, on law
writers of the South, VII, 326.
Moore, Maurice, soldier, life of,
XII, 206.
operations against Indians, I,
419.
Moore, Thomas Brent, on South-
ern hemp and flax produc-
tion, V, 229-235; VI, 124-127.
Moore, Thomas Overton, gov-
ernor, life of, XII, 206.
Moore, Walter William, educa-
tor and author, life of, XII,
207.
10
Moore's Creek, battle at, 1776,
IV, 70.
Moors, or "blackamoors," ex-
empted from operation of
American slave statutes, X,
171.
Moravians, brought industries to
Georgia, V, 314.
Mordecai, Abraham, X, 559.
Mordecai, Alfred, soldier, life of,
XII, 207.
More, Benjamin, editor of "The
Washington," VII, 414.
Moreau, General, visits New Or-
leans, X, 123.
Morehead, Charles S., in the
Civil War, I, 291.
Morfit, Henry M., mission to
Texas, III, 371.
Morgan, Daniel, soldier, life of,
XII, 208.
in the Revolution, I, 93; 11,34.
Morgan, George, in early his-
tory of Missouri, III, 189.
Morgan, John Hunt, soldier, life
of, XII, 209.
Morgan, John Tyler, statesman,
life of, XII, 210.
and the land grant to Univer-
sity of Alabama, X, 246.
senator from Alabama, II, 326.
portrait, facing, II, 326.
Morgan, Morgan, first settler in
West Virginia, I, 336.
Morgan, William, life of, XII,
213.
Morgan College, Maryland, X,
251.
Morgan School, VII, 171.
Morley, John, and racial adjust-
ment, X, 214.
Morphy, Paul Charles, chess
player, life of, XII, 214.
chess expert, III, 181.
Morrill Act, applied to Southern
states, IV, 373; VI, 29, 469.
appropriations by Federal
government under, to South-
ern universities, X, 247, 248.
Morrill Bill, the first, X, 371.
Morrill Bill, the second, X, 372.
Morris Brown College, Georgia,
X, 251.
Morris, Charles, educator, VII,
127.
Morris, Robert, his dealings with
the currency, V, 445.
146
INDEX.
Morrison, Henry Clay, bishop,
life of, XII, 215.
Morrison, William. S., on South
Carolina, 18651909, II, 92.
Morrison Tariff Act, lowers
rate, IV, 374.
Morse, Veranus, on the work of
the Y. M. C. A., X, 487.
Mortality, high rate of, among
Southern tenants, VI, 596.
negro, 50 per cent, in excess
of white, VI, 625.
reduction of, in Southern
cities, VI, 625.
Southern, V, 645, 648.
Mortgages, crop, V, 457; VI, 420.
crop, detrimental to the South,
VI, 423.
land, VI, 349.
Mosby, John Singleton, soldier,
life of, XII, 215.
Moscoso, appointed successor
to De Soto, III, 264.
Moseley, Edward, donation of
books to public library, Eden-
ton, N. C., X, 190.
Mosely, William D., first gov-
ernor of state of Florida, III,
37.
Moses, Adolph, religious influ-
ence of, X, 563.
Moses, Franklin J., Reconstruc-
tion governor of South
Carolina, II, 99.
Moses, Raphael J., lawyer and
statesman, X, 561.
Moss, Eliza A., artist, X, 680.
"Mother Eve," speech by Har-
din, IX, 480.
Mott, John R., in laymen's mis-
sionary movement, X, 501.
Motte, Isaac, Revolutionary sol-
dier, life of, XII, 217.
Motte, Rebecca Brewton, hero-
ine of Revolution, life of,
XII, 217.
Moultrie, James, physician, life
of, XII, 218.
Moultrie, John, physician, life
of, XII, 218.
Moultrie, William, soldier, life
of, XII, 218.
in the Revolution, II, 31.
portrait, facing, II, 32.
"Mountain of the Lovers and
Other Poems, The," by
Hayne, VII, 34.
Mountain settlement work, dif-
ference in methods, X, 620.
still in experimental stage, X,
620.
Mountaineers, the Southern,
English ballads among, VII,
58.
folk-lore among, VII, 57.
Scotch ballads among, VII, 59.
industrial qualities of, VI,
58-61.
superiority as soldiers, VI, 60.
superstitions of, VII, 59.
Mt. Lebanon University, J. Hart-
well, president of, VII, 310.
Mount Vernon Ladies' Associa-
tion, X, 624.
Mount Zion School, South Caro-
lina, X, 276.
Movements common to all the
churches of to-day, X, 464.
Movement towards unity in all
the churches, X, 464.
Muce, Marquis de la, and Mana-
kinton, X, 120.
Muhlenberg, Peter, in the Revo-
lution, I, 93; X, 141.
Mulattoes and Free Negroes,
IV, 236; X, 171.
not peculiar to America, X,
172.
Mulberries, growing of, in Geor-
gia, V, 241.
Mulcaster, originator of the nor-
mal school idea in England,
X, 295.
Mules, first imported into Ken-
tucky by Clay, V, 82.
presented to Washington by
the King of Spain, V, 82.
rapid increase of, V, 82.
Mullet, Southern yield of, VI,
160.
trade in, V, 269.
Mullins, Edgar Young, theolo-
gian and editor, life of, XII,
220.
influence as a preacher, IX,
156.
sermon on "Christ's Law of
Service," IX, 492.
Munford, Thomas T., soldier,
life of, XII, 220.
Munford, William, author, life
of, XII, 221.
writings of, VII, 5.
INDEX.
147
"Municipal History of New Or-
leans," by Howe, VII, 335.
Municipal ownership, VI, 443-
445.
Munsey, William E., an eloquent
preacher, IX, 69.
influence as a preacher, IX,
151.
Murfee, James Thomas, educa-
tor, life of, XII, 222.
Murf ree, Mary N o a i 1 1 e s ,
("Charles Egbert Crad-
dock"), author, life of, XII,
222.
descriptions by, VIII, lix; X,
636.
mountaineer characters, VII,
289.
portrait, facing, VIII, 278.
"Prophet of the Mountains,
A," VIII, 278.
"Star in the Valley, The,"
VIII, 290.
"Tennessee Mountains, In
the," extract from, VIII, 290.
writings of, VIII, xlix.
Murphy, Archibald De Bow,
plans of, for universal edu-
cation, X, 399.
educational report, I, 474.
Murphy, Edgar Gardner, author
and educator, life of, XII,
224.
and the Southern Education
Board, X, 391.
"New South, The," and Re-
construction, X, 36.
on the Civil War, X, 31.
Murphy, Isaac, governor of Ar-
kansas, III, 306, 316.
Murray, Daniel, "Preliminary
List of Books and Pamphlets
by Negro Authors," VII, 535.
Muschamp, first collector of
revenue under navigation act,
IV, 32.
Muscogees, cede territory to
Georgia, 1827, IV, 435.
in Alabama, II, 245.
Music, folk-lore, VII, 68.
in St. Louis, VII, 399.
institutional work in, VII, 400.
on plantations, VII, 381.
of the present, VII, 377.
South's contribution to, by
Huger W. Jervey, VII, 372.
"Music in Camp," by Thompson,
VII, 21, 29.
Musical composition in the
South, VII, 380.
culture in Charleston, S. C.,
VII, 374.
festival first introduced, VII,
378.
"My Life is Like the Summer
Rose," by Wilde, VII, 13.
"My Love Went Sailing O'er the
Sea," by Davis, VII, 324.
"My Maryland," by Randall,
VII, 325.
"My Old Kentucky Home," by
Foster, VII, 68.
"My Springs," by Lanier, VII,
48.
"My Uncle Flatback's Planta-
tion," by Bagby, VII, 84.
Myers, Abraham C., soldier, life
of, XII, 226.
"Mysteries of the Backwoods,"
by Thorpe, VII, 73, 81.
"Mystery of New Orleans, A,"
by Holcombe, VII, 323.
N
Nacogdoches, one of first Texas
towns, III, 343.
region, missions in, X, 134.
settlement of, II, 346.
Nancy Hanks, famous mare, VI,
139.
Napoleon I, cedes Louisiana to
the United States, 1803, IV,
284.
Napoleon III, how he deceived
Jefferson Davis, V, 391.
Napoleonic exiles, found Dem-
opolis and name Marengo
county, X, 124.
Narvaez, Pamphilo de, expedi-
tion of, II, 247; III, 83.
attempts to settle Florida,
III, 5.
148
INDEX.
Nash, Francis, tribute to, by
Martin, VII, 4.
Nashville, Term., founded, II,
468.
battle of, II, 516.
early growth of, II, 479.
educational center, II, 545.
"Nashville," the, runs Georgia
blockade, II, 189.
Nashville and Chattanooga Rail-
road, development of, IV,
170.
Nashville Art Pottery, The, X,
711.
Nashville "Union," edited by J.
P. Heiss, VII, 471.
Nashville "Union and Ameri-
can," edited by Eastman,
VII, 82.
Nassau Hall, afterward Prince-
ton, X, 223.
Natchez, Miss., advocated for
capital of Mississippi, II, 374.
Burr in, II, 364.
district becomes a dependency
of Louisiana, X, 132.
early importance of, II, 354.
evacuated by Spanish, II, 358.
first steamboat at, II, 367.
in the Revolution, and Span-
ish war, II, 353.
massacre at, II, 344.
population in 1837, II, 389.
settlement at, II, 342.
"Natchez Gazette," published by
Marschalk, VII, 470.
Natchez or Yazoos, Indians, X,
159.
Natchez War, the, II, 344.
National Bank, act chartering,
IV, 361.
a phase of the question of in-
terpretation of the constitu-
tion, IV, 448.
charter expires in 1811, IV,
361.
charter expires in 1836, IV,
364.
charter renewed, IV, 362.
opposition to, IV, 362.
National Board of Underwriters,
yi, 622.
National Child Labor Commit-
tee, VI, 463.
National Civic Federation, and
mill conditions in the South,
X, 592.
National Cooperative League,
VI, 581.
National Debt, funding of, IV,
354.
National Democratic Party,
adopts platform unacceptable
to South, IV, 327.
"National Intelligencer and
Washington Advertiser,"
founded by Samuel Hanson
Smith, VII, 414.
"National Intelligencer," edited
by Gales and Seaton, VII,
474.
National Public Domain, forma-
tion of, IV, 92.
National Road, building of, V,
346.
National Roads, appropriations
for, IV, 380.
National tendency, the, in the
nineteenth century, X, 209.
National Union Party organized,
IV, 597.
Natural gas, areas of, in the
Southern states, VI, 196.
development and economic in-
fluence of, VI, 186.
discovery of, VI, 195.
resources of, in the South, VI,
638.
"Natural History of the Rarer
Lepidopterous Insects of
Georgia, The," by Abbot,
VII, 246.
Natural History, Southern con-
tributions to, VII, 238.
Naturalists of the Earlier and
Later Periods, VII, 240.
"Nature of Intellectual Property,
The," by Shaler, VII, 266.
Naval stores, chief production
of, in North Carolina, V, 327.
export of, V, 259.
Navigation, coastwise and in-
land, V, 336.
open throughout the year, V,
336.
Navigation act, first in America,
I, 28.
Navigation act of 1696, IV, 33.
Navigation acts, details of va-
rious, IV, 31.
INDEX.
149
Navigation acts, effects of, in
North Carolina, IV, 28.
effect of, on colonists, IV, 34.
shipment of tobacco regulated
by, V, 161.
twenty-five separate laws, IV,
33.
violation of, in the colonies,
IV, 32.
Navigation laws, obnoxious
feature of English colonial
policy, IV, 29.
Navy, Continental, IV, 84.
United States, operations of,
in French 'War, 1798-1800,
IV, 261.
organization of, IV, 260.
"Nebuchadnezzar," by Russell,
VII, 40.
Need of recognized standards of
education, growing sense of,
X, 415.
"Negotiable Instruments," by
Daniel, VII, 335.
Negro, the, a born slave, X, 170.
and mulatto, identity of des-
tinies of, X, 183.
a notably religious race, X,
429.
ante-bellum, illiteracy of, X,
403.
authorship, summary of, VII,
535.
Baptists, large activities of,
X, 429.
Baptists, printing plant of, at
Nashville, X, 430.
brought into Federal lines, V,
150.
characteristics and progress
of, VII, 524.
. civil rights of, how affected
by Civil War, IV, 573.
colleges supported by North-
ern capitalists, VII, 538.
concentration on rich cotton
lands, VI, 97.
congregations in large Catho-
lic centers, X, 547.
Creole dialect of, VII, 64.
demand of, for social rights,
IV, 616.
different characteristics of, X,
168.
different "kinds" of, VI, 655.
eagerness of, for education,
X, 408.
Negro, the, economically inferior
to the Caucasian, VI, 618.
educated, becomes a teacher
or preacher, VII, 533.
education of, result of, VII,
529, 540.
education of, stimulus to,
after the war, X, 405.
efficiency of, under slave and
wage labor systems, V, 121.
either Baptist or Methodist,
as a rule, X, 429.
employed by Federal authori-
ties, V, 151.
European laborers held back
from the South by, VI, 584,
586, 592, 618.
first, brought to Virginia, V,
659.
folk-lore, Indian influence on,
VII, 65.
folk-lore in South, VII, 64.
free, and the mulatto, IV, 236.
free, ante-bellum occupations
and property of, V, 135-139.
free, before and since the Civil
War, V, 136.
free, feared by planters and
farmers, V, 79, 80.
free, opposed to white super-
vision, VI, 42.
free, statistics of, in the
South, 1860, IV, 239.
free, status of, IV, 238; VI,
585.
free, sanitary conditions of,
worse than those of slaves,
VI, 595.
fruitless theories regarding,
VI, 652.
future economic part of, in
the South, VI, 653 et seq.
future of, largely dependent
upon the white race, VI, 654-
658.
Gullah dialect of, VII, 64.
higher education of, VII, 540;
X, 255.
history, VII, 111.
imitations of the white man,
VII, 522.
importation of, VII, 522.
improvement of, in white dis-
tricts, VI, 15.
in Alabama, II, 296, 303.
in Arkansas, III, 324.
in Georgia, II, 153.
150
INDEX.
Negro, the, in Kentucky, I, 314.
in Mississippi, II, 378, 436,452.
in Missouri, III, 255.
in South Carolina, II, 102.
in Virginia, I, 136, 147.
increase of, VII, 522.
increase of criminals after
emancipation, VI, 40.
industrial discrimination
against, V, 477.
influences for improvement
of, VI, 655.
in relation to Southern pro-
gress, VI, 651 et seq.
intellectual and literary pro-
gress of, VII, 522.
intellectual efficiency of, VII,
529.
in the Federal army, V, 151.
in the North, VII, 526.
in the religious life of the
South, X, 463.
in the South, VII, 180, 525;
IX, 368.
Johnston, Sir Harry, on, X,
169.
kidnappers of, IV, 232.
labor of, free, V, 134-137.
migration of, to the North,
VI, 613.
military impressment of, V,
149.
mind not improved by books,
VII, 530.
ministry, training schools for,
X, 318.
minstrelsy of, birth of, VII,
68.
music of, VII, 392.
organized into labor colonies
by the Federal government,
V, 150.
population, increase and dis-
tribution of, V, 111-113.
population in slavery at sur-
render of Lee, V, 151.
present status of, in the South,
VI, 653.
problem, Grady upon the, IX,
380.
progress of, in United States,
VII, 527.
property-owner, a good citi-
zen, VI. 654.
public schools for, VII. 539.
Negro, the, resentment of, to
color line, VII, 533.
rule of, perils of, I, xlvi.
schools and institutions, VII,
537.
since emancipation, X, 181.
slavery of, transferred from
Europe to America, X, 174.
slavery of, when introduced
in Virginia, I, 19.
standards of, VII, 524.
success of, in agriculture, VII,
538.
sufferings of, in first years of
freedom, XI, 4.
suffrage of, in Louisiana, III,
169.
Sunday schools, X, 499.
tribal stocks, X, 167.
under Federal control on the
Mississippi, V, 150.
uprising of, IV, 236.
used as a laborer in war serv-
ice, V, 149.
vote of, controlled by whites,
IV, 638.
vote of, reduced by constitu-
tional amendments, IV, 639.
when introduced into Missouri,
III, 184.
why imported to the South,
V, 19.
withdrawal of, from politics,
X, 182.
"Negro, The," by H. I. Brock,
VII, 522.
"Negro in All Ages, The," by
Turner, VII, 534.
"Negro in Politics, The," by
Fortune, VII, 535.
"Negro Myths of the Georgia
Coast," by Jones, VII, 64.
"Negroes and Slavery," by Van
Evrie, VII, 181.
"Negroes of the Black Belt,
The," by BuBois, VII, 534.
"Neighbor, The," by Shaler, VII,
266.
Neill, author of studies of the
colonial period, VII, 99.
Nelson, Cleland Kinloch, bishop,
life of, XII, 226.
Nelson, Thomas, Jr., signer of
the Declaration of Independ-
ence, life of, XII, 227.
INDEX.
151
Negro, the, educated at William
and Mary, X, 239.
in the Revolution, I, 94.
Nelson, William, in the Civil
War, I, 289.
Nerinckx, Charles, clergyman,
life of, XII, 228.
Netherland, John, in Tennessee
politics, II, 504.
Neu Braunfels, Texas, founded,
X, 146.
Neutral ground, on the Texas
border, III, 348.
Neutrality, principles of, estab-
lished, IV, 280.
Neville, John H., sketch of, VII,
154.
New Bern, N. C., founded by
Germans and Swiss, X, 142.
capture of, I, 490.
made 'the capital of North
Carolina, I, 451.
trucking center, V, 237.
Newberry College, South Caro-
lina, X, 251.
New Carthage, share of North
Carolina in expedition
against, I, 444.
Newcomb Art Pottery, at New
Orleans, VI, 210.
Newcomb College, X, 708.
Newcomb, Josephine Louise,
bequests to Sophie Newcomb
memorial college for young
women, X, 231, 262.
Newcomb Pottery, the, New
Orleans, La., X, 707.
unique features of, X, 708.
Newcomb, Simon, astronomer,
VII, 200.
New Democracy, represented
by Andrew Jackson, IV, 324.
"New Eclectic, The," VII, 461,
462.
New England, Catholic Irish in,
being pushed put by French
Canadian immigrants, X, 548.
colony contrasted with Vir-
ginia colony, IX, 88.
colony in Mason County,
Kentucky, effect of, on agri-
cultural life, VII, 297.
colonies compared with Vir-
ginia, I, xxiii.
colonies, how governed, I,
xxix.
New England colonies, pursuits
of their inhabitants, V, 34.
colonies, restricted area of, V,
34.
contributions of, to the
South's culture, VII, 295.
editors in South, VII, 475.
educational work of, in Texas,
VII, 311.
influence in college life in
Virginia, VII, 307.
moral and intellectual influ-
ence of, on South, VII, 297.
slavery in, V, 106.
slave trade of, IV, 212.
standard for negro, VII, 524.
teachers in South, VII, 277.
New England Society, speech
before, by Grady, IX, 77, 374.
Newell, Frederick H., on land
reclamation in the South, V,
577-580; VI, 551 et seq.
"Newes from Virginia," by
Rich, VII, 1.
Newfoundland, colony planted
in, IV, 3.
New Hope Church, battle of,
II, 205.
New Jersey Plan for new con-
stitution, IV, 121.
New Madrid, Mo., founded, III,
189.
New magazines in the South,
VII, 36.
Newman, Albert Henry, educa-
tor and author, life of, XII,
229.
New Mexico, Civil War opera-
tions in, III, 410.
lost to Mexico, X, 137.
New Orleans, La., founded and
named, III, 89; IV, 425.
battle of, II, 487; III, 130;
IV, 270; X, 20.
beginning of sugar planting
at, V, 184.
blockade of, II, 135; capture
of, III, 136.
Cable on, X, 62.
Creole traditions of, X, 17.
exposition of 1884-1885 at, VI,
569.
exports and imports of, in
1908, VI, 366.
foreign trade of, V, 394.
152
INDEX.
New Orleans, La., great increase
of exports from, VI, 354.
growing importance of, III,
108.
growth of trade of, IV, 167.
Hearn on, X, 62.
Jackson at battle of, II, 487.
large German immigration to,
X, 144.
leading commercial center of
the South, V, 408.
libraries of, VII, 510.
native literature of, X, 62.
riot of 1866, III, 148.
riot of 1874, III, 165.
second city in exports, V, 384.
street railways in, V, 376.
the fire of 1788 in, III, 96.
the sugar exchange in, VI, 84.
Warner's characterization of,
X, 61.
New Orleans Art Pottery Co.,
X, 710.
New Orleans, College of, state
expenditure on, X, 220.
New Orleans "Delta," on De-
merara sugar cane, V, 189.
New Orleans Hospital and Dis-
pensary for Women and
Children, X, 626.
"New Orleans Moniteur," pub-
lished by Fontaine, VII, 470.
"New Orleans," the first steam-
boat on Mississippi, II, 367.
"New Orleans, the Place and the
People," by King, VII, 322;
X, 61.
New Orleans, Typographical So-
ciety of, first to limit number
of apprentices in the printing
trade, V, 133.
New Orleans University, Louis-
iana, X, 251.
Newport, Christopher, voyage to
Virginia, I, ii; X, 97.
Newport News shipyard, I, 143.
New poets of the South, VII, 36.
New River coal field, VI, 180.
"News and Courier, The," its aid
to South Carolina tobacco
industry, VI. 538.
"News and Observer," VII, 424.
New Smyrna, Minorcan colony
at, X, 132.
New South, The, I, xlviii.
characteristics of, X, 36.
New South, The, in war and di-
plomacy, 1865-1909, IV, 646.
libraries, multiplication of, in,
X, 36.
success of Jews in business in,
X, 157.
"New South, The," by Lanier,
VII, 43.
"New South, The," speech by
Grady, IX, 374.
Newspapers, Southern, V, 546 et
seq.
industrial education advanced
by, VI, 536 et seq.
Newton, John, in the Civil War,
III, 62.
"New Views of the Constitu-
tion," by Taylor, VII, 193.
New York, advantage of Erie
Canal to, V, 409.
assembly suspended by Town-
send, IV, 52.
hay production in, V, 213.
slavery in, V, 106.
Ney, Elizabeth, sculptor, X, 686.
Nicaragua, Walker's filibuster-
ing expedition to, IV, 255.
Nicholas, George, appointed pro-
fessor of law and politics in
Transylvania University, X,
331.
Nichols, E. W., "Analytic Geom-
etry," VII, 205.
"Calculus," VII, 205.
Nicholls, Francis Tillon, jurist
and soldier, life of, XII, 229.
Nicholson, Alfred Osborne
Pope, legislator, life of, XII,
231.
Nicholson, Eliza Jane (Poite-
vent), author, life of, XII,
231.
reference to, VII, 325.
Nicholson, Sir Francis, gover-
nor, life of, XII, 232.
administration of Maryland
affairs, I, 166.
influence in Virginia, I, 36.
Nicholson, J. W., mathemati-
t cian, VII, 214.
Nicholson, James, sailor, life of,
XII, 233.
Night school work, women and,
X, 636.
"Nights with Uncle Remus," by
Harris, extract from, VIII,
232, 238.
INDEX.
153
Night work of children in cotton
mills, X, 595.
Ninety-six, S. C., capture of, by
Americans, 1781, IV, 82.
Nisbet, Eugenius Aristides, jur-
ist, life of, XII, 234.
Nitre Bureau, Confederate, V,
480.
Noel, E. F., governor of Missis-
sippi, II, 461.
"Nojoque," by Helper, VII, 181.
Nolan, Philip, filibuster in Tex-
as, III, 348.
Noll, A. H., on "Folk-lore of
the South," VII, 55.
Non-conformists, statute of
House of Burgesses expell-
ing, X, 467.
Non-importation agreements, V,
309.
plan adopted by colonies, IV,
57.
Non-producers, V, 149.
Non-sectarian colleges and uni-
versities in the South, X, 253.
Non-slaveholders in the South,
V, 141.
Norfolk, Va., as a terminal, I,
143.
a trucking center, V, 237.
destroyed by Dunmore, I, 87,
95; IV, 68.
"Norfolk Landmark," edited by
Hope, VII, 29.
Normal and collegiate schools,
VII, 537.
Normal and industrial colleges
in the South, X, 264.
Normal education in the South,
X, 294.
North, numerical superiority of,
1861, IV, 502.
political corruption in 1870-
1877, IV, 619.
resources of, in 1861, IV, 500.
resources of, compared to
South, IV, 545.
statistics of, in 1861, IV, 501.
North and South, value of inter-
course between, VI, 631-633.
North Atlantic states, center of
import trade, V, 396.
NORTH CAROLINA
acts, V, 543.
agriculture, I, 511.
agricultural growth, I, 516.
North Carolina, a home for the
honorable poor of Virginia,
X, 103.
aided by South Carolina
against the Tuscaroras, 11,14.
aided by South Carolina in
Indian wars, I, 434.
Albemarle controversy, I, 444.
Anti-Federalism, I, 473.
as a proprietary, I, 413.
as a royal province, I, 441.
attitude toward Federal con-
stitution, I, 471.
banking, I, 518; V, 465.
battle of Moore's Creek, I, 460.
blockade running, I, 486.
board of internal improve-
ments, I, 474.
boundary disputes with Geor-
gia, IV, 146.
boundary question with South
Carolina, I, 463; II, 65; IV,
15.
boundary question with Vir-
ginia, I, 437; IV, 11.
carpet-baggers, I, 502.
cedes Tennessee to nation, II,
474.
character of early citizens, I,
426.
character of proprietary gov-
ernors, I, 425.
charities, I, 510.
Church of England estab-
lished, I, 430.
clashes between people and
proprietary government, I,
427.
coal mining in, V, 292.
colonial and state records
published, I, 512.
colonial relations with South
Carolina, IV, 14.
colonial revenue, V, 529.
condition of affairs in 1728, I,
438.
constitution of 1835, I, 474.
constitution of 1866, I, 501.
constitution of 1868, I, 503.
control of railroads, I, 509.
copper mining in, V, 281, 283.
cotton cultivation in, V, 202.
cotton manufacture in, V, 203.
court system, I, 463.
decentralizing tendency in, X,
110.
154
INDEX.
North Carolina, denominational
schools and colleges, I, 514.
dissolution of assembly. I, 465.
domestic affairs of new state,
I, 473.
drainage of swamps in, VI,
553.
Drummond as proprietary
governor, I, 425.
early charities, I, 477.
early corn export, V, 216.
early grants by Charles I and
Charles II, I, 420.
early judicial system, I, 424.
early relations with Tennes-
see, II, 464.
early religious conditions, I,
445.
early Revolutionary battles
in, I, 470.
early state politics, I, 474.
education prior to Civil War,
I, 476.
economic development, I, 514.
end of provincial period, I,
457.
end of Reconstruction period,
I, 506.
expenditures of, VI, 507.
features of proprietary gov-
ernment, I, 421.
few servants in, V, 98.
finances and wealth, I, 517.
first battle of Civil War at
Bethel, I, 487.
first provincial congress, I,
458, 464.
first railroad, I, 477.
first settlement attempted at
Roanoke Island, I, 4.
first settlers in, V, 14.
formally separated from South
Carolina, II, 15.
French and Indian Wars, I,
447.
geological surveys in, V, 556.
Georgia boundary settled, IV,
146.
German settlements in, I, 417.
gold mining in, V, 271, 279.
Green's settlement, IX, 7;
other settlements, IX, 7.
growth of population to 1790,
V, 16.
growth of, prior to Revolution,
I, 444.
North Carolina, growth of set-
tlements, I, 416.
Halifax Resolves, I, 468.
hemp and flax culture in, V,
231 et seq.
higher education controlled
from Princeton, VII, 307.
history of, I, 413.
hostility of Indians, I, 419.
income of Literary Fund used
for schools, X, 200.
increase of state debt, I, 504.
Indian troubles, I, 433.
internal affairs in 1729, I, 442.
internal improvements prior
to Civil War, I, 476.
in the Civil War, I, 495.
in the Confederacy, I, 483.
in the Revolution, I, 467.
iron manufacture in, VI, 273.
iron ores in, VI, 224.
issue of currency, IX, 310.
Ku Klux Klan, I, 504.
land grants, I, 446.
leading industries, I, 516.
lead mining in, V, 287.
legislature of 1868, I, 504.
list of governors, III, 484.
manufacturing plants in, V,
491.
Mecklenburg Declaration of
Independence, I, 459, 466.
men in Civil War, I, 495.
military operations in 1861,
I, 487; in 1862, I, 489; in 1863,
I, 491; in 1864, I, 492; in 1865,
I, 493.
naming of, I, 420.
naval stores exported from, V,
259.
navigation act, I, 428.
negro domination in, I, 507.
new manufactures in, VI, 477.
physicians in war, VII, 358.
pirates in, I, 435.
politics since 1876, I, 507.
population in 1728, I, 420.
population in 1729, I, 441.
ports of, V, 413,
possesses no large city, X, 7.
premiums on tar and pitch in,
V, 27.
preparation for hostilities with
England, I, 460.
preparation for war, I, 484.
INDEX.
155
North Carolina, present popu-
lation, I, 518.
progress in education, I, 512.
prohibition movement in, I,
509.
proprietary government abol-
ished, I, 437.
province of Carolina, I, 421.
provision for state university
in first constitution, X, 199.
Quakers of Albemarle, I, 430.
quit-rent disputes, I, 443.
Raleigh made capital, I, 473.
ratifies constitution, 1789, IV,
134.
receipts of, VI, 508.
Reconstruction acts of 1867,
I, 501.
Reconstruction in, I, 497.
regulator troubles, I, 452; IX,
8.
relations with South Carolina,
II, 13.
relations with state of Frank-
lin (Tennessee), II, 475.
resistance to stamp act, I, 450.
Revolutionary committee of
correspondence, I, 464.
rice culture in, V, 170.
schools, VII, 169.
second provincial congress, I,
465.
seizure of Federal arsenals, I,
484.
separation of South Carolina,
I, 422, 433.
settlers from Virginia, I, 413.
share in fomenting the Revo-
lution, IX, 29.
shiftless whites of, X, 103.
size of farms, I, 1.
slavery question, I, 478.
stamp act resisted in, IX, 7.
state debt of, V, 531.
state finances of, V, 529-532;
VI, 507-511.
steps to statehood, I, 466.
system of public education in
1838, X, 200.
tardy action of colonial gov-
ernment in establishing
schools, X, 192.
taxation in, V, 529, 531; VI,
508.
tobacco culture in, V, 164.
Tories in, I, 471.
trend toward secession, I, 479.
North Carolina, Tryon and the
Regulators, I, 449.
Tryon's administration, IX, 7.
value of mineral products, I,
517.
Whig ascendency, I, 475.
"North Carolina Booklet," the,
X, 636.
North Carolina, Colonial, book
on, by Hawks, VII, 100.
"North Carolina Gazette," pub-
lished by Davis, VII, 470.
"North Carolina Gazette and
Weekly Post-Boy," published
by Stewart, VII, 415.
North Carolina, works on His-
tory of, by Ashe, VII, 100.
"North Carolina Magazine of
Universal Intelligence," VII,
415.
"North Carolina Register," edi-
ted by Joseph Gales, Sr.,
VII, 474.
North Carolina State Normal
and Industrial College,
Greensboro, N. C, X, 264.
North Carolina, University of,
I, 474; VI, 550; VII, 123, 150,
307; X, 193.
North Dakota, farm workers in,
X, 609.
North, Lord, fall of ministry of,
IV, 103.
measure of conciliation, I, 83.
Northern, William John, gover-
nor, life of, XII, 235.
governor of Georgia, II, 232.
Northern contributors to
"Southern Literary Messen-
ger," VII, 443.
Northern Neck, the, of Vir-
ginia, amusements of, X, 70.
aristocracy of, X, 63.
at the_ Revolution the leading
families join colonists, X, 68.
cards a favorite amusement in,
X, 70.
Carter family, the, X, 68.
characteristics of social order
of, X, 66, 67.
Church of England, effects of
disestablishment of, in, X, 74.
church, the, in the social life
of, X, 71.
cockfighting, X, 71.
156
INDEX.
Northern Neck, the, dancing a
part of the education of the
young, X, 70.
decline of the old social sys-
tem, X, 74.
educational facilities, X, 73.
Fitzhugh family, the, X, 68.
granted by Charles II, to his
courtiers, X, 65.
Grymes family, the, X, 68.
homes as social centers, X, 68.
horse-racing, X, 71.
house furnishings practically
all imported from England,
X, 69.
industries and business enter-
prises, X, 73.
landholders agree to pay quit-
rents, X, 65.
Lee family, the, X, 66.
Lord Fairfax's grants of lands
in, X, 66.
Mason family, the, X, 68.
notable families that formed
the aristocracy of, X, 66.
not affected by the "Cavalier
Immigration," X, 64.
political preferment easy in,
X, 67.
post-Revolutionary society, X,
75.
practical unity of interest
among settlers, 67.
rapid increase and intermar-
riage of aristocrats, X, 67.
second aristocracy ended by
war between the states, X, 75.
Tayloe family, the, X, 68.
visited by Smith and other
early adventurers, X, 64.
Washington family, the, X, 68.
Wormeley family, the, X, 68.
Northern view of Reconstruc-
tion, I, xlvi.
Northrup, Lucius Bellinger, sol-
dier, life of, XII, 235.
Northwest Territory, the, I,
xxviii.
conquest and cession of, I,
99, 250; IV, 73.
expansion of, IV, 301.
opened up by Virginians, X,
93
ordinance of 1787, IV, 393,
417.
Northwest Territory, the, tem-
porary plan for government
of, IV, 92.
Norway, nationalization of, X,
210.
Norwood, Dr., medical discov-
ery of, VII, 367.
Notable soldiers of the Revolu-
tion, members of the Estab-
lished Church in Virginia, X,
451.
Notable sons of the Established
Church of Virginia, X, 450,
451.
No taxation without representa-
tion, principle of, recognized
by Cromwell's expedition at
Jamestown, X, 444.
Notes, issue of, in the Southern
Confederacy, V, 456.
"Notes on the History of Amer-
ican Text-books on Arithme-
tic," by Martin and Green-
wood, VII, 202.
"Notes on Virginia," by Jeffer-
son, VII, 244.
"Notes upon Blackstone," pub-
lished by Henry St. George
Tucker, X, 338.
Nott, Edward, governor of Vir-
ginia, I, 36.
Nott, Josiah Clark, ethnologist,
life of, XII, 236.
negro authority, VII, 181.
surgeon, VII, 365.
"Novel Courtship, A," by
Thompson, VIII, 180.
Nullification, X, xxiii.
doctrine of, IV, 454.
in South Carolina, II, 66.
Legare on, IX, 277.
opposed to secession, IX, 413.
ordinance of, II, 77.
the keynote of Calhoun's ca-
reer, IX, 41.
Yancey upon, IX, 334.
Nunez, Dr., an early settler at
Savannah, Ga., X, 154, 560.
Nuns, nurse wounded of both
armies, X, 545.
Nursery industry, Southern, VI,
134
products, V, 236; VI, 127.
INDEX.
157
"Oak and Ivy," by Dunbar, VII,
532.
Oak, chestnut, tanbark from, V,
261.
red, charcoal from, V, 261.
red, log houses built of, V,
261.
red, used for staves, V, 261.
white, cut for ship-timber, V,
260.
white, varied use of, V, 261.
Oak Hills, Battle of, III, 308.
Oak Ridge Institute, VII, 170.
Gates, William Calvin, soldier,
life of, XII, 237.
governor of Alabama, II, 318.
Oats, an important crop, V, 221.
culture of, VI, 116.
Occupations, differently re-
garded in South and North,
VI, 266.
number of laborers in, 1870-
1900, VI, 47.
proportion of whites and ne-
groes in, VI, 45.
Southern population classified
by, VI, 606.
state requirements for admis-
sion to, yi, 465.
Ocean Springs (Old Biloxi),
founded, III, 81, 87.
Ochs, Adolph S., Southern influ-
ence in "New York Times,"
VII, 293.
Ockonostota defeats Montgom-
ery, X, 161.
Oconee River, water power of,
V, 583.
O'Connell, Denis, X, 538.
Octave Thanet, see French,
Alice.
Odd Fellows, the order of, aids
elementary and high schools,
X, 402; strength of, in South,
X, 648.
"Oddities in Southern Life and
Character, The," by Watter-
son, VII, 71.
"Ode to Carolina," by Timrod,
VII, 20.
"Ode to Ease," by Wilde, VII,
14.
"Ode to Spring," by Pike, VII,
16.
"Ode to the Mocking-bird," by
Pike, VII, 16.
"Ode to the Confederate Dead,"
by Timrod, VII, 21.
"Odes of Pindar," by Gilder-
sleeve, VII, 140.
O 'Donovan, William Rudolph,
sculptor, life of, XII, 238.
reference to, X, 686.
Ogden, Frederick Nash, soldier,
life of, XII, 238.
Ogden, Robert C., of New York,
and the Southern Education
Board, X, 390.
Ogle, Cuthbert, library of, VII,
488.
Oglethorpe, James Edward,
founder of Georgia, life of,
XII, 239.
builds Frederica, X, 131.
conciliates Indians, II, 128:
X, 131.
founds Savannah, X, 101.
founds settlement in Georgia,
II, 123; V, 17; X, 131.
makes war against Spaniards,
II, 128.
military operations against
Florida, II, 15.
own version of one encounter
with Spaniards, II, 130.
returns to England, X, 101.
second visit to Georgia, II,
127.
Ohio, early explorations of, I,
40.
tobacco culture in, V, 165.
Ohio Company, I, 40.
established in 1750, IV, 40.
interest in Kentucky, I, 238.
Ohio River, improvement of
navigation on, VI, 649.
navigation of, V, 339.
steamboat traffic on, V, 408.
Ohio Valley, claimed by Vir-
ginia and Pennsylvania, IV.
40.
O'Hara, Theodore, poet and
soldier, life of, XII, 240.
"Bivouac of the Dead, The,"
VII, 19, 29.
158
INDEX.
Ohr, George E., pottery, X, 707.
"Oh, Susannah," by Foster, VII,
68.
Oil companies, convictions of,
VI, 460, 461.
Oil Company, Republic, convic-
tion of, in Missouri, VI, 461.
Oil Company, Standard, convic-
tions of, VI, 460, 461.
Oil Company, Waters-Pierce,
convictions of, VI, 460, 461.
Oil, cottonseed, manufacture of,
V, 321, 327; VI, 258, 260, 289
et seq.
cottonseed, monopoly of, VI,
577.
lard, Missouri's manufacture
of, VI, 257.
petroleum, 186 et seq.
resources of, in Southern coal
fields, VI, 638.
trust, cottonseed, VI, 290, 291.
Oils, illuminating, state inspec-
tion of, VI, 465.
Okechobee, Battle of, III, 34.
Oklahoma, coal mining in, VI,
181.
great cotton-producing state,
VI, 15.
guarantee of bank deposits in,
VI, 432, 464.
gypsum deposits in, VI, 205.
history of its state finances,
VI, 534-536.
increase of cultivated area in,
VI, 18.
Indians as a labor factor in,
VI, 62-65.
regulation of corporations in,
VI, 456.
Oklahoma and Indian Territory,
finances of, VI, 532-536.
"Old and New South, The," by
Reed, VII, 188.
"Old Creole Days," by Cable,
VII, 322; VIII, 259, 264.
Old Dwight mission in Arkan-
sas, III, 269.
Old English texts, revival of,
VII, 131.
"Old Hickory," sobriquet of An-
drew Jackson.
"Old Mordecai," founds Mont-
gomery, Ala., X, 155.
Old Regime, retention of certain
qualities of, desirable, X, 37.
"Old South and the New," ad-
dress by Grady, IX, 77.
Old South, the, narrow social
estimate of the occupations
in, X, 354.
"Old Theatre Near the Capitol,
The," by Cooke, VIII, 163.
"Old Times in Tennessee," by
Guild, VII, 72.
"Old Uncle Ned," by Foster,
VII, 68.
"Ole Virginia, In," by Page, ex-
tract from, VIII, 316, 323,
327.
"OF Folks at Home," by Foster,
VII, 68.
Olin, Stephen, professor in Uni-
versity of Georgia, VII, 308.
Olmstead, Charles H., in the
Civil War, II, 177.
Olmsted, Denison, career of,
VII, 223.
first to receive salary from
public fund for geological
survey, VII, 253.
professor in University of
North Carolina, VII, 307.
Onate, Juan de, settles New
Mexico, X, 133; explores Ari-
zona, X, 134.
"Once a Kentuckian, Always a
Kentuckian," speech by Wat-
terson, IX, 472.
"On the Plantation," by Harris,
VIII, Hi.
Opechanchanough, leader of the
Powhatans, X, 160.
Open-door policy, in the Orient,
VI, 387.
Operatives, white and black, in
Southern factories, V, 322.
Opera in New Orleans, VII, 386.
Orange industry in Florida, III,
70.
Oranges, first planted at St. Au-
gustine, V, 240.
production of, VI, 24, 133.
Orangeburg, S. C., engagement
at, 1781, IV, 81.
"Orator Essays," by Taylor,
VII, 176.
Orators, Southern, leading, IX,
101.
to blame for precipitating war,
IX, 88.
INDEX.
159
Oratory, classification of post-
bellum, IX, 72.
general, of the South, IX, 158.
influence of, IX, 1.
of the bench and bar of the
South, IX, 103.
political, of the South, IX, 87.
post-bellum, in the South, IX,
70.
post-bellum, note of reconcili-
ation in, IX, 73, 75, 76, 78, 80.
pulpit, of the South, IX, 128.
Southern, during the Federal
period, IX, 30.
Southern, during the Revolu-
tion, IX, 11.
Southern, typical examples of,
edited by Watson, IX.
Ord, E. O. C., military governor
of Arkansas, III, 320.
Order of Eagles, X, 648.
Order of the White Rose, Re-
construction secret society,
IV, 621.
Orders in council, American
commerce and shipping dam-
aged by, V, 383.
"Oregon, Admission of," speech
by Stephens, IX, 402.
Oregon, boundary dispute, IV,
309.
"Oregon Question, The," speech
by Calhoun, IX, 303.
Oregon territory secured by
treaty, 1846, IV, 310.
O'Reilly, Alejandro, governor of
Louisiana, III, 93.
Organizations, labor, in the
South, V, 144-146; VI, 36-40.
Orient, the, American relations
with, since 1865, VI, 386.
open-door policy in, VI, 387.
"Origin, History and Influence
of Roman Legislation, The,"
by Legare, VII, 330.
Orr, James Lawrence, governor,
life of, XII, 241.
Confederate senator, II, 81.
governor of South Carolina,
II, 96.
"Orta-Undis and Other Poems,"
by Legare, VII, 17.
Osages, the, in Arkansas, III,
267.
Osceola, leader of Seminole In-
dians in Florida, III, 32.
opposes treaty with whites, X,
164.
death of, IV, 438.
Osgood, Samuel, postmaster-
general, V, 482.
"Ossian," by Gottschalk, VII,
390.
Ostend Manifesto, 1854, declares
Cuba must not be sold to any
nation except the United
States, IV, 295, 312.
Otey, James Hervy, clergyman,
life of, XII, 242.
Otis, James, X, 324.
resists "Writs of Assistance,"
IX, 12.
speech on treason, IX, 21, 90.
Ottolenghi, Joseph, in silk in-
dustry and politics, X, 558.
"Our Women in the War," II,
88.
Ousley, Clarence, editor, life of,
XII, 243.
speech at education confer-
ence, IX, 83.
Overseers, Northern, their fail-
ure in the South, VI, 12.
Overton, John, jurist, life of,
XII, 244.
"Ovids' Metamorphoses," trans-
lation by Sandys, VII, 1.
Owen, Thomas McAdory, law-
yer and historian, life of, XII,
244.
promoter of state historical
societies, VII, 514.
Owen, William Miller, author,
life of, XII, 245.
Owen's "History of Alabama
and Mississippi," VII, 102.
Ownership, community, alien to
the South, V, 475.
municipal, VI, 443-445.
Oyster industry, laws regarding,
VI, 165.
products in the South, V, 272-
274; VI, 163-166.
Southern, number of persons
employed in, VI, 163.
Oysters, improved methods of
growing and handling, VI,
164.
Southern yield of, VI, 160, 164.
160
INDEX.
Paca, William, in the Revolu-
tion, IX, 25.
Pacific Ocean, American inter-
ests in, VI, 385.
Page, J. M., educator, VII, 212.
Page, John, governor of Vir-
ginia, favors an American
Academy, X, 51.
Page, Logan W., on highways
and improved roads in the
South, 1865-1910, VI, 320.
on roads in the Southern
states, V, 343 et seq.
Page, Richard L., naval officer,
life of, XII, 247.
Page, Thomas Nelson, author,
life of, XII, 248.
"Christmas Before the War,"
VIII, 316.
"In Ole Virginia," extract
from, VIII, 316, 323, 327.
"Marriage of Meh Lady, The,"
VIII, 327.
"Marse Chan," VIII, 323.
on need of Southern history,
I, xxi.
on negro devotion to white
race, VII, 290.
on the war, I, xlv.
portrait, facing, VIII, 316.
writings of, VIII, xlix, li, Ixiv.
Page, Walter Mines, editor, life
of, XII, 249.
and the Southern Education
Board, X, 391.
editorial career, VII, 293.
protest against political isola-
tion of South, IX, 81.
Paine, Robert, clergyman, life of,
XII, 250.
writings of, X, 51.
Painter Franklin Verzelius
Newton, educator, life of,
XII, 250.
Painters, no local school of, yet
developed in the South, X,
675.
Painting in the South, X, 673.
Paints, mineral, Southern intro-
duction of, VI, 243.
Pale faces, the, a Reconstruction
secret society, IV, 621.
Palmer, Benjamin Morgan, cler-
gyman and orator, life of,
XII, 251.
influence as a preacher, IX,
142; X, 498, 521.
Palmer, John Williamson, au-
thor, life of, XII, 252.
Palmer, Paul, influence as a
preacher, IX, 133.
Palmer, Theodore S., on game
and game protection in the
South, V, 263-266; VI, 170-
174.
Palmer, Walter B., on economic
and legal aspects of the labor
of women and children in
the South, VI, 53 et seq.
Palmetto State, the, II, 110.
Palmito Ranch, battle of, III,
414.
Palo Alto, battle of, in 1846, IV.
311.
Panama Canal, effect of, upon
South, IX, 82.
benefit of, to the South, VI.
369.
influence of, on Southern agri-
culture, industry and com'
merce, VI, 642 et seq.
interest of the South in, VI,
642.
relative Southern advantages
from, shown by distances,
VI, 643, 646.
Southe-rn export and import
trade to profit by, VI, 643.
Southern home markets to be
increased by, VI, 644.
outlet for raw cotton through,
VI, 644.
will facilitate Oriental trade.
VI, 387.
will help Southern manu-
factures, VI, 644.
Panama Congress of 1826, V,
386.
Panhandle, the, of West Vir-
ginia, first settlement in,
made by Germans, X, 148.
Panics, V, 386, 387, 436-440; VI,
420.
caused by Federal legislation,
VI, 419.
INDEX.
161
Panic of 1827, IV, 372.
Panic of 1893, causes of, IV, 360.
Panton, Leslie and Company,
Mobile traders, II, 261.
Pantops Academy, VII, 167.
Paper Money, currency of colo-
nies, IV, 36.
Papers on Geology, by Le
Conte, VII, 254.
Paralytic and deformed, the,
scant provision for, in the
South, X, 602.
Paris, Peace of, opens the Mis-
sissippi to England and
France, V, 338; X, 132.
Parish, Consider, president of
Mississippi College, VII, 310.
Parker, Admiral, expedition
against South Carolina, II,
31.
Parker, Edward W., on the
conditions in the production
of coal in the South, VI,
175 et seq.
Parker, Henry, president of
Georgia, II, 134.
Parker, Lewis, on child labor, X,
589.
Parks, John, editor of "Mary-
land Gazette," VII, 410, 470.
founder of "Virginia Gazette,"
VII, 414, 470.
Parr, Dr., aids Gilmer in choos-
ing faculty of University of
Virginia, X, 55.
"Parsons case," Henry's atti-
tude toward, IX, 12.
outlined, IX, 105.
veto of Virginia colonial law,
IV, 37.
Parsons, Lewis E., provisional
governor of Alabama, II, 298.
"Partisan, The," by Simms,
VIII, xxiii.
extract from, VIII, 89, 93.
"Partisan Leader, The," by N.
B. Tucker, VII, 328; X, 33.
"Partisans in the Cypress
Swamps," by Simms, VIII,
89.
Party affiliations, readjustment
of, IV, 574.
"Party Leaders," by Joseph G.
Baldwin, X, 33.
Party platforms, Southern influ-
ence on, IV, 335.
11
Party politics, VII, 195.
Passenger pigeons, extinction of,
V, 264.
schooners loaded with, V, 263.
Passenger rates, railway, move-
ment for reducing, VI, 456-
458.
Pasturage, V, 224, 226, 229.
Patapsco River, water power of,
V, 581, 582; X, 1.
Paterson, presents New Jersey's
plan for constitution, IV, 121.
"Pathology of Bone," by Mc-
Dowell, VII, 364.
Patriotic societies of the South,
X, 653.
Patriotic songs, VII, 395.
Patriotism, an essential doctrine
of, X, 552.
Patrons of Husbandry, organi-
zation of, VI, 580.
Patterson, James Kennedy, ed-
ucator, life of, XII, 253.
Patterson, John, VII, 155.
Patterson, Robert, pioneer, life
of, XII, 253.
Patton, Robert Miller, governor,
life of, XII, 254.
governor of Alabama, II, 299.
"Pauper schools," popular name
for free schools, X, 274.
Pavy, Octave Pierre, scientist
and Arctic explorer, life of,
XII, 254.
Payne tariff bill, VI, 83.
"Pay" school or "poor" school?
X, 411.
Peabody, George, and the Pea-
body Board of Trust, X, 291.
and the Southern Education
Board, X, 391.
relieves Maryland of public
debt, I, 199.
Peabody College for Teachers,
II, 545; X, 225.
Peabody Fund, the, X, 217.
operations of, X, 388.
when founded, X, 387.
Peabody Institute, I, 230.
"Peace, peace but there is no
peace/' quotation from
Henry's speech, IX, 174.
Peace societies established, IV,
627.
"Peaceful Side of War, The,"
by Glasgow, VIII, 359.
162
INDEX.
Peaches, cultivation of, V, 241.
great production of, VI, 24,
133.
Peale, Charles Wilson, artist,
life of, XII, 255.
Peanuts, cultivation of, V, 239;
VI, 23.
Pearce, N. B., in Civil War, III,
309.
Pea Ridge, battle of, III, 310.
Pearl fisheries in the South, V,
271; VI, 166.
Pearl River, increase of exports
from, VI, 353.
Pearls, resources of, as told by
Coxe, V, 271.
search for, in 16th century, V,
271.
Southern production of, VI,
166.
Pears, cultivation of, V, 241.
Peas, production of, V, 239.
Pease, E. M., provisional gover-
nor of Texas, III, 422.
Peasley, Henry, founds school
in Newport county, Va., X,
188.
Peck, Samuel Minturn, poet, life
of, XII, 256.
reference to, VII, 52.
Peck, William Henry, life of,
XII, 257.
Pee Dee Canal, its industrial ef-
fect, V, 77.
Peeler, Anson, and the manu-
facture of firebrick, X, 700.
"Peggy Stewart," burning of
the, IX, 25.
Pegram, C. B., chemist, VII,
230.
Pegram, John, politician, life of,
XII, 258.
Pegram, John, soldier, life of,
XII, 258.
Pegram, Robert Baker, naval
officer, life of, XII, 258.
Pegram, William Johnson, sol-
dier, life of, XII, 259.
Pelham, John, soldier, life of,
XII, 259.
Pemberton, John Clifford, sol-
dier, life of, XII, 260.
Pender, William Dorsey, sol-
dier, life of, XII, 261.
Pendletons of Virginia, the,
XII, 262.
Pendleton, Charles Rittenhouse,
editor, life of, XII, 262.
Pendleton, Edmund, statesman,
life of, XII, 263.
head of Committee of Safety,
I, 86.
letter of, facing, XII, 264.
Pendleton, Edmund Monroe,
scientist, poet and author,
life of, XII, 265.
Pendleton, Edwin Conway,
naval officer, life of, XII,
266.
Pendleton, George Hunt, states-
man, life of, XII, 267.
Pendleton, Henry, jurist, life of,
XII, 267.
Pendleton, James Madison,
clergyman, life of, XII, 267.
Pendleton, Louis (Bouregard),
author, life of, XII, 268.
Pendleton, Nathaniel, jurist,
life of, XII, 268.
Pendleton, Philip Coleman, pub-
lisher and editor, life of,
XII, 269.
Pendleton, William Kimbrough,
educator, life of, XII, 270.
Pendleton, William Nelson, sol-
dier and clergyman, life of,
XII, 270.
Penitentiary systems, V, 131.
Penn, John, signer of the Dec-
laration, life of, XII, 271.
Penn, Shadrach, publisher of
"Public Advertiser, VII, 422.
Penn, William, denies right of
non-Christians to hold office,
X, 466.
relations of, with Maryland,
I, 164.
Pennsylvania, coke production
in, VI, 183.
early coal mining in, VI, 175.
leading manufacturing colony,
V, 314.
turnpike roads in, V, 351.
Pensacola, Fla., early settlement
at. Ill, 10, 12; X, 129.
capital of West Florida, II,
260.
captured by Galvez, II, 259.
colonists remove to Vera
Cruz, X, 129.
further troubles in, III, 16.
INDEX.
163
Pensacola, Fla., increase of ex-
ports from, V, 353.
in War of 1812, III, 19.
military activities during Civil
War at, III, 53.
seized by Jackson, IX, 220.
suffers in French and Spanish
hostilities, III, 14.
"Pensacola Gazette" cited, III,
26, 27.
Pensions, Confederate, VI, 446.
expenditures for, in Southern
and Northern states, VI, 453.
Pension system, Federal, its un-
fairness, VI, 452.
Federal, Southern support of,
VI, 446, 452.
military, V, 484.
Peoples School, VII, 171.
Peoples and Tucker School,
VII, 171.
Pepper, John R., X, 507.
"Pere Dagobert," by Davis, VII,
324.
Peretti, A., sculptor, X, 686.
Perine, M., and his pottery at
Baltimore, X, 699.
Periodicals, agricultural, V, 81.
Southern, V, 546.
Perkins, Charles A., scientist,
VII, 236.
Perry, Benjamin Franklin, jour-
nalist and legislator, life of,
XII, 272.
appointed provisional gover-
nor of South Carolina, II, 96.
elected senator, II, 97.
Perry, Edward A., governor of
Florida, III, 71.
Perry, Madison S., governor of
Florida, III, 44.
Perry, Matthew G., takes posses-
sion of Key West, III, 22.
Perry, Oliver H., alluded to by
Clay, IX, 224.
victory of, on Lake Erie, IV,
265.
"Perseus," by Gildersleeve, VII,
140.
"Pestilential Fever," by De
Rossett, VII, 363.
Peters, William E., estimate of,
by Bain, VII, 143.
Peterborough, Earl of, reputed
lover of Evelyn Byrd, X, 47.
Petitions, House of Representa-
tives passes rules on, IV, 409.
Petigru, James Louis, jurist, life
of, XII, 272.
on the secession of South Car-
olina, II, 74.
Petition of Right, presented to
Charles I, IX, 248.
Petrie, George, educator, life of,
XII, 273.
economic writer, VI, 549; VII,
112.
on Alabama from 1819 to 1865,
II, 271.
on the principle of secession
historically traced, IV, 472.
Petroleum, development and
economic influence of, in the
Southern states, VI, 186.
early discovery of, in the
South, VI, 187.
in the Gulf region, VI, 191, et
seq.
material benefits derived from,
VI, 186.
resources of, in Southern coal
fields, VI, 638.
Southern commercial history
of, VI, 190 et seq.
statistics of its production in
the South, VI, 194, 196.
used in place of coal, VI, 194.
Washington's disposal of a
burning spring of, VI, 187.
Pettigrew, Charles, clergyman,
life of, XII, 274.
Pettigrew, Ebenezer, life of,
XII, 274.
Pettigrew, James Johnston, sol-
dier, life of, XII, 275.
Pettit's School and Settlement
for mountain people, X, 642.
Pettus, Edmund Winston, jurist,
life of, XII, 275.
Pettus, John J., governor of
Mississippi, II, 406.
Peyton, Mrs. Annie C., origin-
ator of industrial school for
girls, X, 642.
Phares, D. L., authority on
Southern grass and forage
crops, VI, 118.
Phelan, author of history of the
South, VII, 104.
Phelps, Almira Hart Lincoln,
educator and author, life of,
XII, 276.
164
INDEX.
Philadelphia, agricultural so-
ciety in, V, 81.
Philadelphia Convention of 1787
for revision of Articles of
Confederation, IV, 113.
prominent members of, IV,
115.
"Philadelphia Negro, The," by
DuBois, VII, 534.
Philadelphia Typographical So-
ciety, minutes of, V, 145.
Philander Smith College, Ar-
kansas, X, 251.
Philip of Spain claims English
throne, IV, 2.
"Philip II, History of," by
Gayarre, VII, 322.
Philippine Islands, the, acquired
by the United States, IV, 653.
acquisition of, a benefit to
Southern commerce, VI, 369.
relations with the United
States, IV, 653.
restored to Spain by Great
Britain, X, 132.
Phillips, Eleazar, publisher of
"South Carolina Journal,"
VII, 470.
Phillips, Moro, and his pot-
teries, X, 699.
Phillips, Philip, and his "Digest
of the Supreme Court of
Alabama," X, 561.
Phillips, Ulrich B., on economic
and political essays in ante-
bellum South, VII, 173.
on financial crises in the ante-
bellum South, V, 435 et seq.
on Georgia in the Federal
Union, II, 146.
on racial problems, adjust-
ments and disturbances, IV,
194.
on railroads in the South, V,
358 et seq.
on railway transportation in
the South, VI, 305 et seq.
on state and local public reg-
ulation of industry in the
South, V, 475 et seq.
on the economics of slave la-
bor in the South, V, 121 et
seq.
on the economics of the slave
trade, foreign and domestic,
V, 124 et seq.
Phillips, Ulrich B., on the
slavery issue in Federal
politics, IV.
Phillips, William B., chemist and
metallurgist, VII, 230.
"Philosophy of Human Nature,"
by Buchanan, VII, 263.
"Philosophy of the Animated
Existence," by Gorman, VII,
264.
Philosophy, South's contribu-
tions to, VII, 259.
Phosphate in Tennessee, II, 547.
manufacture of fertilizers
from, VI, 212, 260.
mining in Florida, III, 72.
mining in South Carolina and
elsewhere, II, 105.
resources of, in the South,
VI, 640.
rock, how made available for
plant use, VI, 211.
rock, agricultural importance
of, VI, 211, 292.
rock, production of, in rela-
tion to commercial fertiliz-
ers, VI, 211 et seq.
Phosphorus, in Southern iron
ores, VI, 229.
Physical features of the South,
V, 1.
"Physical Geography of the
Sea," by Maury, VII, 233.
Physical science, South's contri-
butions to, VII, 221.
"Physical Survey of Virginia,"
by Maury, VII, 233.
Physicians, heroism of, in com-
batting yellow fever plague,
VII, 367.
in war of secession, VII, 368.
of Virginia in first half of
18th century, VII, 357.
prominent in early history of
South, VII, 357.
Physick, P. S., physician and
surgeon, VII, 361.
Physics, Southern contributions
in, VII, 231.
"Physics in its Elementary
Branches, The History of,"
by Cajori, VII, 217.
Piatt, Sarah Morgan Bryan, au-
thor, life of, XII, 277.
"Piano in Arkansas, A," by
Thorpe, VII, 81.
INDEX.
165
"Picayune, The," New Orleans,
founded by Lumsden and
Kendall, VII, 481.
published best history of
Mexican War, VII, 428.
Pickens, Andrew, soldier and
legislator, life of, XII, 278.
in the Revolution, II, 34.
Pickens, F. W., in public life, II,
62.
Pickens, Israel, legislator, life
of, XII, 279.
Pickering, Judge, removed by
Jefferson, IX, 109.
Pickett, Albert James, author,
life of, XII, 279.
History of Alabama, VII, 102.
Pickett, George Edward, soldier,
life of, XII, 280.
Pictet, Professor of Geneva,
consulted by Jefferson, X, 54.
Picton, John Moore White, phy-
sician, life of, XII, 281.
"Picture, A," by Thompson, VII,
18.
"Picture Song, A," by Pinckney,
VII, 14.
Piedmont Plateau of the South,
V, 5.
building stone in, VI, 198.
grain crops in, V, 153.
increase of cultivated area in,
VI, 18.
revival of industries in, VI,
477.
Piedmont type of Southerner,
VII, 278.
Pierce, E. W., in the Civil War,
I, 487.
Pierce, Franklin, influence of
South on, IV, 333.
platform on which elected
president, IV, 463.
Pierce, George Foster, bishop,
life of, XII, 282.
influence as a preacher, IX,
137; X, 518.
portrait, facing, IX, 137.
Pierce, Lovick, clergyman, life
of, XII, 283.
influence as a preacher, IX,
137; X, 518.
Pierce, William, Georgia dele-
gate to constitutional con-
vention, II, 151.
Pierpont, Francis, H., share in
West Virginia separation, I,
375.
Pig iron, export of, V, 305.
great production of, at Bir-
mingham, Ala., VI, 478.
increased production of, VI,
257, 259.
rank of states in, V, 326.
Pig lead, production of, V, 10.
Pike, Albert, poet and soldier,
life of, XII, 283.
author of martial words of
"Dixie," VII, 29.
early Arkansas editor, III,
291.
"Hymns to the Gods," VII, 15.
noted Arkansas author, III,
333
"Ode to Spring," VII, 16.
"Ode to the Mocking-bird,"
VII, 16.
"Prose Sketches and Poems,"
VII, 15.
portrait, facing, III, 296.
Pike, James S., on Reconstruc-
tion in South Carolina, II,
100.
Pike, Zebulon, explorations in
Arkansas, III, 274.
Pillow, Gideon Johnson, soldier,
life of, XII, 284.
Pilsbury, Charles A., author, life
of, XII, 285.
Pinchot, Gifford, on Southern
forest products and the de-
struction of forests, V, 257
et seq.
on Southern forest products
and forest destruction and
conservation since 1865, VI,
151 et seq.
Pinckney, Charles, statesman,
life of, XII, 286.
contributions to the constitu-
tion, IV, 120.
introduces law-making resolu-
tion in South Carolina, 11,26.
in public life, II, 62.
in the Revolution, IX, 26.
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth,
soldier and statesman, life of,
XII, 287.
culture of rice by water, V,
170.
delegate to Federal conven-
tion, II, 37, 40.
166
INDEX.
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth,
in the Revolution, IX, 26; X,
553.
reply to French demands, II,
62.
portrait of, facing, II, 62.
Pinckney, Thomas, soldier and
diplomat, life of, XII, 288.
career as statesman, II, 61.
Pinckney Plan for new Federal
government, II, 41; IV, 119.
Pineapples, production of, VI,
24.
Pine belt, long-leaf, increase of
cultivated area in, VI, 18.
Pinkney, Edward Coate, poet,
life of, XII, 289.
"Belles-Lettres" and other
writings, VII, 14.
Pinkney, William, statesman,
life of, XII, 290.
influence as a lawyer, IX, 123.
manner of speaking described
by Wheaton, IX, 114.
personal appearance of, IX,
112; legal ability, IX, 113.
position in national affairs,
IX, 33.
speech on the "Missouri Ques-
tion," IX, 226.
portrait, facing, IX, 226.
Piracy, caused by unjust naviga-
tion acts, IV, 38.
Pirates, depredations of, V, 340.
extermination of, in colonies,
IV, 39.
in North Carolina, I, 435.
on the Carolina and Virginia
coasts, IV, 38.
Pitch, export of, V, 259.
Pitt, William, failure of his bill
for free trade, V, 381.
Pittman surveys Mobile River
and Bay, II, 257.
Placide, Henry, actor, life of,
XII, 291.
Plantation homes, schools for
practical training for leader-
ship, X, 206.
Plantation life in Virginia, pass-
ing of, I, 146.
wastefulness of, X, 23.
Plantation system, the, displaced
by new systems of land ten-
ure, VI, 68, 421.
basis of, V, 152.
Bruce on, V, 658.
Plantation system, the, changes
in, VI, 19 et seq.
economic significance of, V,
659.
elements of, V, 107.
expansion of, V, 114.
in Louisiana, III, 116.
in Southern agriculture, V, 73
et seq.
in Virginia, I, 46.
limitations of, V, 115.
mechanical pursuits checked
by, V, 314.
new lease of life for, VI, 346.
organization of, V, 107.
Plantations, breaking up of, VI,
3.
division of, into allotments,
VI, 90.
increase in size and number,
V, 108.
locations of, V, 74.
low prices of, after the war,
VI, 89.
Planters, aristocracy of the Vir-
ginia, I, 60.
encouragement of slavery by,
V, 77.
exemption of some, from mil-
itary service, V, 80.
heavy burden of, after the war,
VI, 345.
helped by factors after the
war, VI, 346.
how they became monopolists,
V, 78.
in the Civil War, V, 79.
"land poor," VI, 3.
migration of, V, 125.
Northern failure of, in the
South, VI, 12.
property and status of, V, 76.
relations of, with farmers, V,
79.
results of shifting the employ-
ment of their slaves, V, 125.
severe competition of, V, 123.
skill and wisdom of, V, 85.
Planters and professional men,
sons and daughters of, where
educated, X, 401.
Planting, one-crop system of,
V, 225.
Plants, diseases of, studied at
experiment stations, VI, 475.
introduction of new, VI, 474.
INDEX.
167
s, leguminous, new soil
prepared for, VI, 475.
"Plants Growing Spontaneously
Around Wilmington, N. C.,
Enumeration of the," by Cur-
tis, VII, 249.
"Plant System," the (railroad),
VI, 308, 311.
Plater, George, in the Revolu-
tion, IX, 25.
Platforms, party, of 1840-1860,
IV, 336.
Platinum, Southern production
of, VI, 241.
Pleasants, James, politician, life
of, XII, 292.
Pleasants, John Hampden, edi-
tor and politician, VII, 472.
fatally wounded in a duel, VII,
473.
portrait, facing, VII, 472.
Pleasure resort, economic
aspects of the South as a,
VI, 629 et seq.
Plenary Councils held in Balti-
more, X, 537.
Plow, iron, invention of the, V,
81.
Plumer, William Swan, clergy-
man and author, life of, XII,
292.
Plymouth Company, the, grant-
ed charter, I, 9; IV, 4.
Plymouth and London Com-
panies, map of grants to, fac-
ing, I, 10.
Pocahontas, saves Smith's life,
I, 12.
friendship to settlers, I, 13.
marriage to Rolfe, I, 16; V, 22;
X, 160.
Pocahontas coal field, VI, 180.
Poe, Clarence Hamilton, jour-
nalist and author, life of,
XII, 293.
Poe, Edgar Allan, poet and
story-writer, life of, XII, 294.
aided by Kennedy, VIII, xii.
a matriculate of University of
Virginia, X, 56.
as a critic, VIII, xxii.
beauty of style, VIII, xxii.
"Berenice," VIII, xix.
classification of stones by,
VIII, xxi,
Poe, Edgar Allan, compared
with Lamer, VII, 47.
critical work of, VII, 442.
editor of "Southern Literary
Messenger," VII, 122, 440;
VIII, xii.
"Fall of the House of Usher,
The," VIII, xv, 1.
"Gold Bug, The," VIII. xv, 24.
"Haunted Palace, The," VIII,
12.
letter of, facing, XII, 294.
"Ligeia," VIII, xvii.
Southern influence upon, VIII,
xi.
"Tale of the Ragged Moun-
tains," VIII, xiv.
tales by, VIII, xvi.
Work of, VII, 23.
"Poe's Cottage at Fordham," by
Boner, VII, 52.
"Poems and Compositions in
Prose on Several Occasions,"
by Munford, VII, 6.
"Poems by Arouet," by Brown,
VII, 5.
"Poems of Faith and Comfort,"
by Preston, VII, 27.
Poetry, lack of, in South before
1860, VII, 6.
Southern, characteristics of,
VII, 1.
Poets of Louisiana, VII, 317.
Poets of South, in early part of
nineteenth century, VII, 11.
Poindexter, George, jurist and
legislator, life of, XII, 297.
governor of Mississippi, II,
377.
Poinsett, Joel Roberts, states-
man, life of, XII, 298.
Point Pleasant, battle of, I, 345.
Poland, Luke P., in the Arkan-
sas investigation, III, 331.
Political affiliations after 1860,
IV, 629.
effects of the war, IV, 553.
isolation of South, IX, 81.
oratory, fine field for, in
America, IX, 87.
oratory of the South, IX, 87.
parties in the South since 1860,
IV, 627.
parties, Southern influence in,
IV, 336.
168
INDEX.
Political rights, readjustment of,
IV, 559.
theories, readjustment of, IV,
553.
"Political Essays," by Cooper,
VII, 264.
"Political Essays; Theoretical,"
VII, 189.
Politics, tendency towards great-
er freedom in, IV, 643.
Polk, James Knox, statesman,
life of, XII, 299.
attitude upon Texas question,
III, 377.
elected president on platform
to annex Texas, II, 500; IV,
309.
governor of Tennessee, II,
499.
portrait, facing, II, 500.
influence of South on, IV, 332;
X, 647.
letter of, facing, XII, 800.
on the annexation of Texas,
III, 38.
Polk, Leonidas, churchman and
soldier, life of, XII, 302.
and prayers in camp, X,
513; appointed a major-gen-
eral in the war, and is killed
on Pine Mountain, X, 523.
and the University of the
South, X, 252.
death of, II, 205.
influence as a preacher, IX,
142.
in the Civil War, II, 194.
portrait, facing, XII, 302.
Polk, Thomas, soldier and pa-
triot, life of, XII, 304.
in the Revolution, IX, 29.
Pollard, Edward Albert, editor,
life of, XII, 304.
"Lost Cause," VII, 107.
Pollock, Oliver, patriot, mer-
chant, life of, XII, 305.
Ponce de Leon. See Leon,
Ponce de.
Pooling, railroad and steamer,
prohibited, VI, 328.
Pope, John, Lee's campaign
against, IV, 549.
military governor of Florida,
III, 65.
territorial governor of Ar-
kansas, III, 283.
Poppenheim, Mary and
own and edit the "Key-
stone," X, 636.
Popular government in America,
germ of, X, 441.
Population, Calhoun's prediction
as to increase of, IX, 307.
density of, as affecting man-
ufactures, VI, 301.
economic aspects of its move-
ments in the South, V, 613
et seq.
of the South to 1865, I, xxxii,
xlv; V, 606 et seq.
of the South since 1860, I,
xlviii; VI, 601 et seq.
rapid growth of, in the South,
I, liii; V, 111.
rural and urban, movements
of, in the South, V, 613 et
seq.
small urban, V, 146.
Southern, 1870-1900, VI, 601.
Southern, almost wholly
native born, VI, 602.
Southern, classified by occupa-
tions, VI, 606.
Southern, defective enumera-
tion of, in 1870, VI, 601.
Southern, mainly rural, VI,
606.
Southern, rate of increase in,
VI, 603.
Southern, shifting of, through
migration, VI, 603-606.
urban, growth of, VI, 609.
western movement of, IV, 137.
white, in poorer parts of the
South, V, 147.
Porcher, Francis Peyre, physi-
cian, life of, XII, 306.
Porpoise fishery, on North Car-
olina Banks, V, 270.
Port Bill, Boston, IV, 62.
Porter, Admiral D. D., at the
siege of Vicksburg, II, 419.
in Civil War, III, 136, 313.
Porter, James D., soldier, life of,
XII, 307.
Porter, John, Quaker emissary
to London, I, 431.
Porter, W. T., editor of "Spirit
of the Times," VII, 82.
Porterfield, Charles, soldier, life
of, XII, 308.
INDEX.
169
"Portion of the Report of the
Proceedings of the General
Convention held at Phila-
delphia in 1787," speech by
Martin, IX, 179.
Portland, Me., corn preserving
begun at, V, 237.
Porto Rico, first government of,
III, 2.
Spanish duties on foreign
goods brought to, VI, 380.
Ports, Gulf, prospective gains of,
from the Panama Canal, VI,
644.
rise of, V, 414.
turn of export trade to, VI,
353.
Ports, Mexican border, great
rate of gain in, VI, 385.
Ports, Southern, blockade of,
V, 416.
causes of increased commerce
through, VI, 365.
demands, for building up, V,
489.
growth of, V, 412 et seq.; VI,
363 et seq.
inland, decline of river traffic
in, VI, 367.
opening of, after the war, VI,
363.
rise of, V, 412.
three most important, VI, 366.
Western exports through, VI,
354.
Ports, Western river, rise of, V,
414.
Posey, Thomas, soldier, life of,
XII, 309.
"Position and Course of the
South, The," by Trescott,
VII, 196.
Postage, reduction of, VI, 450.
Postal service, colonial, V, 482.
free delivery system in, VI,
450.
its extension in the South, V,
482-484.
money order system in, VI,
450.
railway mail handling in, VI,
451.
restoration of, in the South,
VI, 450.
rural delivery in, VI, 451.
Post-bellum oratory in the
South, IX, 70.
note of reconciliation in, IX,
73, 75, 76, 78, 80.
Postmasters General, Southern,
I, XXXV.
Post-office act of 1710, obnox-
ious to colonists, IV, 34.
Potatoes, early cultivation of.
m V, 38.
introduced into England, I, 5.
production of, in the South,
V, 238.
sweet, increased cultivation
of, VI, 23.
Potomac River, the, fisheries
of, described by Joseph Mar-
tin, V, 268.
fish in, described by Burn-
aby, V, 267.
fixed as boundary between
Maryland and Virginia, IV,
136.
improvement of, V, 341.
Potteries, VI, 210.
Pottery, art, VI, 210.
industry, the, since the war,
X, 701.
industry of the South, an-
tiquity of, X, 698.
in the South, X, 697.
manufacture of, V, 306.
"Poucha Houmma," by Le
Blanc de Villeneuve, VII,
316.
Poultry, increasing Southern
interest in, VI, 149.
industry, spread of, VI, 23.
statistics of, wanting, V, 251.
Powderhorn Bay, Texas, bought
by Prince Karl zu Solms
Braunfels and named "Karl-
shafen," X, 145.
Power-loom, devised by Ken-
_tish clergyman, X, 210.
its stimulus to cotton culti-
vation, V, 164.
Power plants, hydro-electric,
VI, 564.
Powers, Caleb, in Goebel case,
I, 324.
Powhatan, Indian chief, his
strange barter, V, 21.
his large family, V, 21.
relations of, with colonists, I,
20.
170
INDEX.
Powhatan Confederacy, the, X,
159.
domain of, V, 21.
Poydras, Julien de Lalande,
philanthropist, life of, XII,
309.
"La Prise du Morne du Baton
Rouge," VII, 315.
Poznanski, Gustavus, religious
influence of, X, 563.
Prairie chickens, disappearance
of, V, 264.
vast numbers of, V, 263.
Prairie Grove, battle of, III, 311.
Pratt, Charles M., X, 509.
Pratt, Daniel, inventor and man-
ufacturer, life of, XII, 310.
Pratt, Enoch, endows a circulat-
ing library in Baltimore, I,
233.
Pratt, Joseph Hyde, on the pro-
duction of certain of the non-
metallic minerals in the
South since 1865, VI, 233 et
seq.
Prattsville, cotton mill of, X, 24.
Pratz, Du, visits the Arkansas
Indians, III, 268.
Precious stones, Southern pro-
duction of, VI, 238.
"Predatory wealth" organized,
IV, 350.
Predictions as to the future of
the negro race, fallacy of, X,
181.
Preemption, right of, demanded
by squatters, V, 71.
"Preliminary List of Books and
Pamphlets by Negro Au-
thors," by Murray, VII, 535.
Prentice, George Denison, ed-
itor, life of, XII, 311.
portrait of, facing, VII, 82.
author of "Prenticeana, VII,
72, 82.
"Prenticeana," by Prentice, VII,
72, 82.
Prentiss, Seargent Smith, orator,
life of, XII, 311.
influence as a lawyer, IX, 118.
in Mississippi politics, II, 400.
in the court-room, described
by Foote, IX, 119.
oratorical style of, IX, 51.
speech on "The Wilkinson
Trial," X, 390.
Prentiss, Sergeant Smith,
portrait, facing, IX, 390.
Presbyterian Church, The, in the
South, X, 457.
convention at Bethel, X, 480.
influence of group of preach-
ers of, IX, 140.
in Arkansas, III, 290.
in North Carolina, I, 445.
in South Carolina, II, 21.
in Tennessee, II, 485.
in Virginia, IX, 6.
in Virginia and North Caro-
lina, X, 457.
organization of, X, 458.
Virginia body organized by
Rev. Samuel Davies, X, 471.
Presbyterian Church in the
United States, The, X, 432,
457.
Presbyterian Theological
School, Charlotte, N. C., X,
312.
Presbyterian Dissenters, French-
Indian war highly favorable
to, X, 472.
Presbyterian Theological Semi-
nary, Austin, Texas, X, 313.
Presbytery of Hanover, petition
of, against proposed Bill of
Toleration, X, 475.
Presidential campaign of 1868,
iy, 608.
Presidential election of 1896, IV,
352.
Presidents, of English ancestry
from Southern states, X, 115.
Southern, I, xxxiv.
Press, The, and industrial devel-
opment, VII, 430.
influence of, in Southern eco-
nomic development, V, 546-
551; VI, 536-542.
of the District of Columbia,
VII, 412.
Pressley, John T., X, 360.
Preston, Francis, lawyer, life of,
XII, 312.
Preston, James Patton, soldier,
life of, XII, 312.
Preston, John Smith, soldier, life
of, XII, 313.
Preston, Margaret Junkin, poet,
life of, XII, 313.
works of, VII, 21, 27, 128.
Preston, William, legislator, life
of, XII, 314.
INDEX.
171
Preston, William, soldier, life of,
XII, 315.
Preston, William Ballard, legis-
lator, life of, XII, 316.
Preston, William Campbell, leg-
islator, life of, XII, 316.
and South Carolina College,
X, 520.
career of, IX, 50.
on "liberty and eloquence,"
IX, 167.
Prevost, Augustine, in the Revo-
lution, II, 148.
Price, Sterling, soldier, life of,
XII, 316.
in the Civil War, 236, 313, 315.
portrait, facing, III. 236.
Price, Thomas R., influence of,
on teaching in Southern uni-
versities, X, 59.
work at University of Vir-
ginia, VII, 145.
Prices, agricultural, fluctuations
in, V, 426 et seq.
relative, of selected agricul-
tural products, tables of, VI,
402-404.
Priestley, Joseph, Thomas Jef-
ferson corresponds with, X,
53.
Prime, William, on Southern
pottery, X, 703.
Prince Edward Academy, Vir-
ginia, X, 224.
"Prince of Parthia, The," by
Godfrey, VII, 3.
"Princeton Contributions to
Psychology," edited by Bald-
win, VII, 268.
"Principle of Secession histori-
cally traced," IV, 472.
Printers, unions of, V, 145.
Printing trade, the number of
apprentices in, limited, V,
133.
Prioleau, Samuel, lawyer, life of,
XII, 317.
Prison labor in the South, V, 130
et seq.
Prisoners, military, Clay's views
_upon their treatment, IX, 200.
Prisons, Confederate, number of
Northern soldiers in, IV, 523.
United States, number of
Confederate soldiers in, IV,
523.
Pritchett, Henry S., educator,
VII, 219.
Privateering, declaration of
Paris upon, IV, 530.
in Civil war, IV, 529.
United States refusal to give
up, IV, 529.
Privateers, Continental, IV, 84.
Private schools or academies in
the South, high character of,
X, 279.
Problem of elementary educa-
tion, the American solution
of, X, 283.
Proclamation of Neutrality,
1793, IV, 281.
Produce, farm, Confederate im-
pressment of, V, 479.
Producer, The, his relations to
the consumer, VI, 405.
Production, farm, improvement
in, V, 80 et seq.
modern methods of, growth
of towns due to, VI, 608.
plantation, improvement in,
V, 80 et seq.
private associations and com-
binations to control, VI, 573
et seq.
Products, agricultural, distribu-
tion of, VI, 405 et seq.
agricultural, fictitious dealings
in, VI, 405.
agricultural fluctuation in
prices of, VI, 396 et seq.
American, European demand
for, V, 382, 383.
experimental development of,
V, 152.
forest, annual value of, VI,
152.
Professions, state requirements
for admission to, VI, 465.
Progress, commercial, checked
and resumed, V, 386.
Southern, the negro in rela-
tion to, VI, 651 et seq.
Southern, water transporta-
tion and, VI, 647 et seq.
"Progress of Slavery in the
United States," by Weston,
VII, 187.
Prohibition in Alabama, II, 330.
in Georgia, II, 239.
in Kentucky, I, 329.
172
INDEX.
Prohibition in Louisiana, III,
175.
in Missouri, III, 259.
in Mississippi, II, 445.
in North Carolina, I, 509.
in South Carolina, II, 104.
movement in the South, be-
ginning of, X, 569.
Southern in 1909, X, 567.
speech on, by Watson, IX, 85.
Promoters, dishonest schemes
of, VI, 621.
Property, estimated value of all.
in the United States, 1860-
1904, VI, 619, 620.
holding, common law system
of, VI, 33, 34.
holding, community of man
and wife in, VI, 34.
increase in value of, I, liii.
insurance in the South, V, 631
et seq; VI, 621 et seq.
law, real, its influence in the
economic development of the
South, VI, 32-35.
loss in Civil War, Southern,
I, xlv.
public, confiscation of, VI, 1.
public, war destruction of.V, 1.
real, economic problem of,
VI, 32.
real, lingering bonds of feud-
alism affecting, VI, 32, 33.
rule of, based on Shelley's
case, VI, 34.
Southern, increased value of,
1860-1910, VI, 625.
Southern, its growth in value
from 1860 to 1900, VI, 540.
Southern, value of, at out-
break of the war, VI, 334.
values, ante-bellum, in the
South, V, 418 et seq.
values, changes in, since the
Reconstruction, VI, 393-396.
values, decline of, under car-
pet-bag rule, VI, 10, 12.
values, effect of the Civil War
upon, V, 422 et seq.
values, Southern, rapid in-
crease of, since 1880, VI, 393.
values, Southern, statistics of,
VI, 390, 394, 395, 396.
Property banks, failure of, V,
472.
"Prophet of the Mountains, A,"
by Murfree, VIII, 278.
"Proposed Expulsion of Mr.
Bright from the Senate of the
United States, The," speech
by Johnson, IX, 345.
"Prose Sketches and Poems,"
by Pike, VII, 15.
"Pro-Slavery Argument," VII,
184, 185.
"Prostrate State, The," II, 100.
Protection, Confederate declara-
tion against, V, 492.
incidental, V, 487, 492.
opposition to, in South, 1828,
IV, 371.
rate of, increased, VI, 476.
Southern leaders' complaint
of, V, 384.
Protective system, the, its estab-
lishment forced by hemp in-
terests, V, 232.
Protective tariff, evils of, IX,
298.
Yancey on the, IX, 333.
Protestant Episcopal Church,
its beginnings at Jamestown,
X, 437.
hindrances to, X, 454.
Protestantism, prevalence of, in
the South, compared with
Judaism and Romanism, X,
527; X, 532.
Southern, particular aspects
of, X, 533.
Provincialism in the South,
causes of, X, 45.
Prudhomme, first settlement in
Tennessee, II, 463.
Prussia, abolition of serfdom in,
X, 209.
Pryor, Roger Atkinson, lawyer
and soldier, life of, XII, 318.
Pryor, Sara Agnes Rice, author,
life of, XII, 318.
"Psalm of the West, The," by
Lanier, VII, 45.
"Psychological Review," edited
by Baldwin, VII, 268.
Public account system, convict
labor under, VI, 51.
"Public Advertiser," published
by Penn, VII, 422.
Public high schools in the South,
X, 279.
INDEX.
173
Public lands, cash payments for,
V, 71.
conflict of ideas concerning,
V, 72.
disposed of, IX, 184.
exploitation of the, V, 69.
Federal method of selling, V,
70, 71.
given by congress for school
purposes, X, 205.
how transferred to private
owners, V, 69 et seq.
in Virginia, how granted, I,
46.
organization of, V, 69 et seq.
sectional attitudes regarding,
V, 72, 665.
speculation in, V, 69.
state administration of, VI, 31.
surveys, Jefferson's report on,
IV, 94.
systems, State and Federal,
V, 67 et seq.
wide-reaching problem of, V,
72.
Public law at South Carolina
College, X, 338.
Public library, first in South,
VII, 493.
Public ownership, VI, 443-445.
Public schools, impracticable
during colonial period, X,
185.
Public school system, when in-
troduced, I, Hi.
Publications, issued by Charles-
ton library, VII, 495.
Southern, devoted to econom-
ic development, VI, 536 et
seq.
statistical, VI, 542.
Pugh, James, in the North Caro-
lina Regulators, IX, 8.
Pulaski, Count, killed at battle
of Savannah, II, 149; IV, 75.
Pulpit, eloquence of the South-
ern, IX, 68.
Pulpit oratory of the South, IX,
128.
Purinton, Daniel Boardman, ed-
ucator, life of, XII, 319.
Puritan, the, versus the Cava-
lier, the, IX, 376.
Puritans, emigration from Vir-
ginia to Maryland, I, 27, 159.
Purryville, S. C., founded by
Germans and Swiss under
Purry, X, 142.
Pyrites, substituted for brim-
stone in acid manufacture,
VI, 292.
Quail, abundant in the South,
" VI, 170.
Quakers in North Carolina, I,
430.
opposition of, to slavery, IV,
389.
Quality of Southern poetry, VII,
10.
Quapaws, the, in Arkansas, III,
267.
Quarantine laws, benefit of, to
cattle industry, VI, 475.
Quarrying, favorable conditions
for, in New England, VI, 197.
slight development of, in the
South before the war, VI,
197.
Southern industry in, VI, 199.
Quartering act of 1766, the, IV,
44, 52.
"Quarterly Reporter, The," of-
ficial organ of the American
Y. M. C. A., X, 487.
Quasi War of 1798-1800, IV, 259.
Quebec, fall of, I, 43.
Quebec act of 1774, the, I, 99;
IV, 301.
Queen's Museum, Charlotte, N.
C., known as Liberty Hall, X,
192.
Quesnay de Beaurepaire, see
Beaurepaire.
Quicksilver, production of, in
the South, VI, 216, 217, 219.
Quincy, Josiah, on the architec-
tural beauty of Charleston,
X, 46.
174
INDEX.
Quincy, Josiah, view of seces-
sion, I, xxxvii.
Quintard, Charles Todd, and the
University of the South, X,
231.
Quintuple treaty, V, 390.
"Qui Perd Gagne," by Canonge,
VII, 316.
Quitman, John Anthony, politi-
cian and soldier, life of, XII,
319.
activities in Natchez, Miss.,
X, 150.
governor of Mississippi, 11,391.
in Mexican War, II, 390.
"Life and Correspondence of/'
by Claiborne, VII, 195.
Race problem, the, I, xlvii.
Races, segregated in the South,
V, 107.
Racial elements in the South, X,
97.
intermixture between whites
and negroes, X, 172.
problems, adjustments and
disturbances, IV, 194.
Radcliffe, George L., on trust
and bonding companies, VI,
433 et seq.
Radford, William, naval officer,
life of, XII, 320.
Rafinesque, Constantine S., na-
turalist, VII, 245.
Rahaman, Abdul, see Abdul Ra-
haman.
Railroad, Alabama and Missis-
sippi, V, 363.
Alabama Great Southern, VI,
309.
Atlanta and West Point, V,
362.
Atlanta, Birmingham and At-
lantic, VI, 313.
Atlantic and North Carolina,
VI, 439.
Atlantic Coast Line, VI, 198,
311.
Atlantic, Mississippi and
Ohio, VI, 308.
Baltimore and Ohio, V, 359,
363, 521; VI, 308.
Central of Georgia, V, 361,
364, 410; VI, 305, 308, 312,
313.
Charleston and Savannah, VI,
311.
Chesapeake and Ohio, VI, 198,
308, 310.
Railroad, Chicago, St. Louis and
New Orleans, VI, 310.
Cincinnati, New Orleans and
Texas Pacific, VI, 309.
Cincinnati Southern, VI, 309.
commissions, powers of, VI,
455.
construction in South, IV, 166.
Covington and Ohio, VI, 308.
Deepwater-Tidewater, VI, 313.
East Tennessee and Georgia,
V, 361.
East Tennessee and Virginia,
V, 363.
East Tennessee, Virginia and
Georgia, VI, 309, 312.
Florida East Coast, VI, 313.
Frisco, VI, 310.
Georgia, V, 361, 364.
Illinois Central, VI, 310.
Iron Mountain, VI, 310.
Louisa, V, 360.
Louisville and Nashville, V,
363; VI, 309.
Macon and Western, V, 361,
364.
Memphis and Charleston, V,
362.
Memphis and Chicago, V, 363.
Memphis and New Orleans,
V, 363.
Mississippi Central, V, 363;
VI, 310.
Missouri, Kansas and Texas,
VI, 310.
Missouri Pacific, VI, 310.
Mobile and Ohio, V, 362; VI,
309.
Monroe, V, 361.
Montgomery and Mobile, V,
363.
INDEX.
175
Railroad, Montgomery and
West Point, V, 362.
Nashville and Chattanooga, V,
361.
Nashville, Chattanooga and
St. Louis, VI, 309.
New Orleans, Jackson and
Northern, V, 362; VI, 310.
Norfolk and Western, VI, 308.
North Carolina Central, V, 360,
361, 363; VI, 439.
Northeastern of South Caro-
lina, VI, 311.
Orange and Alexandria, V,
363.
Piedmont Air Line, VI, 312.
Queen and Crescent, VI, 309,
311.
Richmond and Danville, V,
363; VI, 308, 312.
Richmond Terminal, VI, 312.
Savannah, Florida and West-
ern, VI, 308.
Seaboard Air Line, VI, 311.
South Carolina, V, 359.
Southern, V, 363; VI, 198, 311,
312
Southern Pacific, VI, 310, 311.
Southside, V, 360, 363.
Southwestern of Georgia, V,
361, 364.
Tennessee and Alabama, V,
363.
Texas and Pacific, VI, 310.
the first in the United States,
X, 654.
Virginia Central, V, 360, 363;
VI, 308.
Western and Atlantic, V, 361,
364; VI, 309, 334, 439.
Wilmington and Weldon, VI,
311.
Yazoo and Mississippi Valley,
VI, 310.
"Railroad Mania," by Anti-Debt,
VII, 178.
Railroads, American, aided by
British free trade, V, 388.
advantages of, to planters, V,
77, 78.
building of, in the recon-
structed states, VI, 254, 264.
connection of Mexico with
those of the United States,
VI, 379.
consolidation of, VI, 311, 312.
Railroads, construction of, in the
South, V, 410.
county and municipal aid to,
VI, 442.
debts of, imposed by Recon-
struction thieves, VI, 307.
early, I, li.
effect of the Civil War on
Southern, V, 365; VI, 305.
fare and rate problems of, VI,
455-458.
Federal acts for regulation of,
VI, 459 et seq.
fraudulent dealings with, VI,
307, 441.
inadequacy of, V, 84.
increased mileage of, VI, 308,
359.
in the South, V, 354, 357, 358
et seq., 410; VI, 305 et seq.
pitiable condition in the Con-
federacy, V, 480; VI, 305.
Plant System of, VI, 308, 311.
rate questions of, VI, 314.
rate wars of, VI, 311.
reconstruction of, VI, 2.
rehabilitation of, VI, 305.
relation of, to Southern pros-
perity, VI, 315.
service of, to cereal farming,
VI, 106.
service of, to the coal indus-
try, VI, 179, 185.
short-line, knit into organized
systems, VI, 608.
Southern, government regula-
tion of, since 1865, VI, 454
et seq.
Southern, mileage of, VI, 315.
Southern pool of, VI, 310.
state-aided, VI, 439-441.
state-endorsed, liabilities of,
VI, 307.
state supervision of, VI, 545. _
the Southwest developed by,
V, 110.
trans-continental, land grants
to, VI, 30.
water competition with, VI,
314, 328.
wreck of, possessed by the
South in 1865, VI, 305.
Railway and Steamship Associa-
tion, Southern, VI, 328.
Railways, street, application of
electricity to, VI, 318.
176
INDEX.
Railways in Baltimore, V, 378.
in New Orleans, V, 376.
in Richmond, VI, 318.
in the old South, V, 376 et seq.
in the South since the war,
VI, 316-320.
in Washington, V, 378.
recent development of, in the
South, VI, 319.
Rains, Gabriel J., soldier, life of,
XII, 320.
Rains, George Washington, mil-
itary officer, life of, XII, 321.
Rains, John, pioneer, life of, XII,
322.
Raleigh, Sir Walter, failure of
his colonies, V, 229.
interest in Roanoke colony,
I, 413.
portrait, facing, I, 4.
receives grant, IV, 3.
secures charter for colony, I, 3.
tobacco experiments, V, 229.
Raleigh, N. C., laid out and made
capital of North Carolina, I,
473.
Raleigh "Register," I, 473.
Ramage, Burr J., economic
writer, VI, 548.
on economic aspects of the
growth of Southern towns
and cities, VI, 607-610.
on the economic aspects of
the rural and urban move-
ments of population in the
South, V, 613 et seq.
on the growth of the South-
ern ports, V, 412 et seq; VI,
363 et seq.
on waterways and transporta-
tion by water in the South,
V, 336 et seq.; VI, 325 et seq.
Ramon, Domingo, expedition to
Texas, III, 341.
Ramsay, David, physician and
author, life of, XII, 323.
historian of South Carolina,
IX, 26.
"History of South Carolina,"
VII, 176.
"History of the Revolution-
ary War, The," VII, 358.
Ramsdell, Charles W., on Texas
in the Confederacy, III, 402.
on Texas in the new nation,
III, 417.
Ramseur, Stephen Dodson, sol-
dier, life of, XII, 323.
Ramsey, James N., in the Civil
War, II, 177.
Randall, D. R., economic writer,
VI, 548.
Randall, James Ryder, poet and
journalist, life of, XII, 324.
author of "Maryland, My
Maryland," VII, 19, 325; X,
538.
Randolph, Alfred Magill, bishop,
life of, XII, 325.
influence as a preacher, IX,
143.
Randolph, Eden, X, 557.
Randolph, Edmund Jennings,
statesman, life of, XII, 326.
influence upon Revolution, IX,
92.
letter of, facing, XII, 326.
Randolph, Edward, recommends
repeal of all charters of pro-
prietary governments, IV, 33.
Randolph, George Wythe, sol-
dier, life of, XII, 327.
Randolph, Innes, lawyer and
editorial writer, life of, XII,
328.
Randolph, John (of Roanoke),
statesman, life of, XII, 328.
and the Yazoo land sale, II,
155.
influence of oratory, IX, 92.
interest in horse-racing, V,
243.
lack of legal training, IX, 110.
opposed to a protective tar-
iff, V, 487.
position in national affairs,
IX, 32.
portrait, facing, IX, 32.
present at Calhoun- Webster
debate, IX, 95.
speech against, by Calhoun,
IX, 40.
speech on Virginia plan for
constitution, IV, 117.
Randolph, Sir John, legislator,
life of, XII, 332.
Randolph, Lingan Strother, en-
gineer, life of, XII, 330.
Randolph, Peyton, patriot, life
of, XII, 330.
calls the first Virginia conven-
tion, I, 77.
INDEX.
17?'
Randolph Peyton, president
second Continental Congress,
IV, 65.
Randolph, Robert Lee, physi-
cian, life of, XII, 331.
Randolph, Thomas Jefferson,
legislator, life of, XII, 332.
Randolph family, the, XII, 325.
members of, educated at Wil-
liam and Mary, X, 239.
Randolph Academy founded, I,
353.
Randolph-Macon College, Vir-
ginia, X, 198.
classical studies in, VII, 145.
English chair in, VII, 123.
English school in, VII, 123.
lectures on Anglo-Saxon at,
X, 58.
recent economic teaching at,
VI, 548.
Ransom, Matthew Whitaker,
political leader, life of, XII,
333.
Ransom, Robert, soldier, life of,
XII, 333.
Raper, Charles Lee, educator,
life of, XII, 334.
economic teacher, VI, 550.
Rates, railway, agitation for re-
duction of, VI, 456-458.
Ravenel, Harriott Horry, author,
life of, XII, 334.
Ravenel, Henry William, botan-
ist, life of, XII, 335.
"Fungi Caroliniani Exsiccati,"
VII, 250.
Ravenel, Mazyck Porcher, bac-
teriologist, life of, XII, 336.
Ravenel, St. Julien, physician,
life of, XII, 336.
Ravenel, William de Chastignier,
naturalist, life of, XII, 336.
Ravenscroft, John Stark, bishop,
life of, XII, 337.
Raymond, James, "Comparative
Cost of Free and Slave Labor
in Agriculture," VII, 182.
Rayner, Isidor, senator from
Maryland, I, 226.
Read, Opie, author, life of, XII,
337.
Reagan, Joseph Henninger, leg-
islator, life of, XII, 338.
Reaper, aid of the, to armies, VI,
105.
12
Reaper, first trial of the, V,
157.
perfection of the, V, 157.
Reciprocity, reaffirmed by the
Dingley act, VI, 383.
treaties, V, 385.
with England in cotton, V,
316.
with European countries, VI,
377.
Reclamation, land, in the South,
V, 577-580; VI, 551 et seq.
Reconciliation of North and
South, in post-bellum ora-
tory, IX, 73, 75, 76, 78, 80.
Reconstruction, acts of 1867, IV,
567.
by Congress 1867-68, IV, 598.
changes in property values
since, VI, 393-396.
confiscation and destruction
during, VI, 1 et seq.
Congressional plan of, II, 301.
economic conditions during,
VI, 1 et seq.
economic results of, VI, 12
et seq.
effect of, on property values,
in the South, VI, 390-393.
end of regime, IV, 623.
evils of, V, 480.
in Alabama, II, 293.
in Arkansas, III, 319.
in Florida, III, 63.
in Georgia, II, 219; VI, 490.
in Louisiana, III, 144.
in Mississippi, II, 436.
in North Carolina, I, 497.
in South Carolina, II, 92.
in Tennessee, II, 524.
in Texas, III, 417.
in Virginia, I, 130.
industrial, completed, VI, 93.
later benefits of, VI, 12.
legal problems of, IV, 584.
overthrow of, 1870-1877, IV,
617.
period of 1862-1877, IV, 579.
period, elasticity of the term,
VI, 262.
period, increase of public debt
in South during, IV, 612.
plans and theories of, IV, 586.
plans for 1867-68, IV, 599.
President Johnson's policy of,
IV, 593.
178
INDEX.
Reconstruction, President Lin-
coln's policy of, IV, 588.
progress of whites since, VI,
16.
Southern immigration pre-
vented by, VI, 13.
. Southern recovery prevented
by evils of, VI, 11.
the South after the, IV, 636.
the war and, I, xlv.
"Reconstruction Political and
Economic," by Dunning, II,
97.
"Reconstruction in South Caro-
lina," by Reynolds, II, 112.
"Reconstruction in the South,
Past and Present," speech by
Galloway, IX, 75.
Rector, Henry M., war governor
of Arkansas, III, 304.
Red Eagle, leads massacre at
Fort Mims, IV, 431.
Redemption, bank-note, "New
York Safety Fund System"
of, V, 450.
"Suffolk System" of, V, 449,
450.
Redemptioners, V, 87, 95.
many colonial teachers were,
X, 273.
"Red Rock," by Page, VIII, Ixiv.
Reed, Harrison, governor of
Florida, III, 66.
Reed, John Calvin, lawyer, life
of, XII, 339.
"Brother's War, The," VII,
188.
"Old and New South, The,"
VII, 188.
on oratory of the Southern
bench and bar, IX, 103.
on the economic conditions in
the South during the Civil
War, V, 668 et seq.
Reed, Richard R., founder of
Ku Klux Klan, II, 531.
Reed, Thomas B., definition of
eloquence, IX, 85.
Reese, Lizette Woodworth, au-
thor, life of, XII, 340.
Reeves, Dr. Jesse S., on the Na-
poleonic exiles, in "Johns
Hopkins Historical Studies,"
X, 125.
Reforms needed in rural life, X,
603.
Regulators, in Kentucky, I, 311.
in North Carolina, I, 452.
Reid, Christian, author, X, 636.
Reid, Robert R., presides at first
constitutional convention of
Florida, III, 36.
territorial governor of Flor-
ida, III, 34.
Reilleux, Robert, inventor of
sugar-mill apparatus, V, 195.
Reis, Dr. Heinrich, on Alabama
clay deposits, X, 707.
"Relations," by Baltimore, first
accounts of Maryland, I, 155.
"Religion and Science," by Le
Conte, VII, 265.
Religion, divisions about, caused
by Civil War, IV, 617.
in early Arkansas, III, 290.
in Maryland, I, 234.
of the negro, effect of folk-lore
on, VII, 67.
revival of, in colonial Vir-
ginia, IX, 6.
support of, by the state, X,
479.
Religious denominations, in the
South, X, 430.
preserving church history,
VII, 521.
development of Mississippi,
II, 368.
freedom, laws passed by
Southern states granting, IV,
91.
growth in Maryland, I, 167.
life in Tennessee, II, 485.
life of the South influenced
by the absence of great cities,
X, 428.
movements in the South, X,
453.
test, not in constitution, IX,
185.
toleration in Maryland, I, 153.
"Reminiscences of Charleston,"
by Cardozo, II, 89.
"Remonstrance," by Lanier,
VII, 49.
Remsen, Ira, head of Johns
Hopkins University, I, 231.
Renault, Philip F., in early de-
velopment of Missouri, III,
184.
Rendition act of 1850, IV, 413.
Rent, "standing," VI, 6.
INDEX.
179
"Reply to Hayne," Webster's,
IX, 30.
"Republican and Advertiser,"
published at Natchez, VII,
420.
Republican party, birth and de-
velopment of, IV, 326.
strength of, in South, 1800,
IV, 322.
Republic Oil Company, convic-
tion of, in Missouri, VI, 461.
Repudiation, state credit injured
by, VI, 12.
Requier, Augustus Julian, au-
thor, life of, XII, 340.
"Resignation; or Days of My
Youth," by Tucker, VII, 6.
Resolutions of 1798-1799, I, 104.
Resorts, health and pleasure, in
the South, VI, 630.
Resources, industrial, inferiority
of the South's, in 1861, V,
478.
natural, increased utilization
of, in the South, VI, 615.
natural, monopoly values of,
VI, 616.
natural, of the South, V, 1.
natural, of the South, and the
future, VI, 635 et seq.
natural, public study of, V, 551.
Resuscitation in America of the
English mother church, X,
454.
"Retreat After the Manner of
Xenophon, A," by Kennedy,
VIII, 115.
"Reveu de Philologie," by Mil-
ton W. Humphreys, VII, 149.
Revenue, surplus of 1805, IX,
377.
of 1882, IV, 378.
of 1886, IV, 378.
plans for distribution of, IV,
378.
Revivals and camp meetings,
origin of, X, 461.
Revolt against England, causes
of, V, 32.
Revolution, American, the, Ala-
bama in, II, 259.
beginnings of, in North Caro-
lina, IX, 29.
depicted in "Horse-Shoe Rob-
inson," VIII, xxxvi.
Revolution, American, the, de-
picted in "The Partisan,"
VIII, xxxvi.
Florida in, III, 16.
Georgia in, II, 147.
Georgia in the fomenting of
the, IX, 27.
Kentucky in, I, 249.
lawyers in the, IX, 103.
Louisiana in, III, 94.
Maryland in, I, 184.
Maryland's share in fomenting
the, IX, 25.
Mississippi in, II, 351.
North Carolina in, I, 467.
organized in Virginia, IX, 23.
precipitated by Southern ora-
tory, IX, 92.
right of theory of, IV, 473.
South Carolina in, II, 31.
South Carolina's share in fo-
menting the, IX, 25.
Southern leaders of, promoted
agriculture, V, 81.
Southern oratory during the,
IX, 11.
Southern patriots in, IX, 9.
Tennessee in, II, 467.
theories of, unfavorable to
slavery, V, 108.
the South in, I, xxx.
Virginia in, I, 90.
West Virginia in, I, 347.
Revolution, economic, in the
South, VI, 254.
Revolutionary grievances, com-
paratively small in the South,
V, 28.
Reynolds, Ignatius Aloysius,
bishop, life of,,XII, 341.
Reynolds, J. J., military head of
Texas, III, 423.
Reynolds, John, first provincial
governor of Georgia, II, 135.
Reynolds, John H., on Arkansas
from 1539 to 1836, III, 263.
Reynolds, John S., on "Recon-
struction in South Carolina,"
II, 112.
Rhett, Robert Barnwell, politi-
cian, life of, XII, 342.
economic advocacy of, V, 572.
in the secession movement, II,
70, 80; VII, 194; IX, 93.
Rhett, Thomas Grimke, soldier,
life of, XII, 343.
180
INDEX.
"Rhetoric," by Blair, VII, 116.
"Rhetoric," by Campbell, VII,
116.
Rhodes, on Southern history, I,
xxii.
Ribaut, Jean, builds Charlesfort,
and returns to France, X, 118.
expedition of, to Florida coast,
III, 8.
explores coast of South Caro-
lina, II, 3.
lands expedition at the mouth
of the May (St. John's)
River, X, 118.
Rice, Alice Hegan, author, life
of, XII, 343.
Rice, Cale Young, poet and
dramatist, life of, XII, 344.
Rice, John Holt, clergyman, life
of, XII, 345.
Rice, Nathan Lewis, clergyman,
life of, XII, 345.
Rice, Carolina, best in the world,
V, 171.
chief food of laborers that
cultivated it, V, 175.
culture of, by water, V, 170.
culture adapted to slave labor,
V, 175.
culture of, in the South since
1865, VI, 72 et seq.
export of, V, 177, 384, 393.
first brought to South Caro-
lina, V, 169.
"golden seed" of, V, 172.
great cultivation in South Car-
olina, V, 170 et seq.
import of, VI, 76.
improved methods of culti-
vating, VI, 74, 77.
in Louisiana, III, 178.
in South Carolina, II, 16.
industry, decline of, in Geor-
gia and South Carolina, VI,
15.
industry, its increase in Louis-
iana and Texas, VI, 15, 23.
introduction of, in the South,
V, 38, 169.
Japanese, introduced in Texas
and Louisiana, VI, 75.
plantations, typical, V, 173.
plantations, ruin and restora-
tion of, VI, 73.
planters, farming operations
of, V, 174.
Rice planters, their wealth and
social influence, V, 172.
planting of, in the develop-
ment of the South, V, 169 et
seq.
records concerning, not full,
V, 176.
reduced crops of, in Georgia
and South Carolina, VI, 77.
relished by Southerners, V,
176.
renewed cultivation of, after
the war, VI, 74.
seed improved by selection, V,
171.
trial and development of, V,
152.
"white seed" of, V, 172.
Rich, R., " Newes from Vir-
ginia," VII, 1.
Richardson, Henry H., archi-
tect, VII, 325.
Richardson, J. P., governor of
South Carolina, II, 70.
Richardson, James Daniel, law-
yer, life of, XII, 346.
Richardson, W. H., and agricul-
tural schools, X, 363.
Richmond, Va., captured by Brit-
ish, 1781, iy, 83.
claims first kindergarten in the
United States, X, 380.
fall of, I, 125.
importance of, to Confeder-
acy, I, 124.
Jews of, and foreign invasion,
X, 557.
large grain mills at, V, 327.
leading city in modern street
railway equipment, VI, 318.
made capital of the Confed-
eracy, I, 121.
slave revolt in 1800, IV, 234.
the new, I, 142.
"Richmond Enquirer," VII, 424.
"Richmond Examiner," edited
by J. M. Daniel, VII, 473.
Ridley, Judge B. L., joins legal
faculty in Cumberland Uni-
versity, X, 337.
Ries, Heinrich, on the clay-
working industry in the
South since 1865, VI, 206 et
seq.
Rigaud, General, and the Trii ..-
ity River colony, X, 124.
INDEX.
181
Riley, Benjamin Franklin, min-
ister, life of, XII, 347.
on pulpit oratory of the South,
IX, 128.
Riley, Franklin Lafayette, edu-
cator, life of, XII, 347.
on Mississippi in the Confed-
eracy, II, 406.
on opposition of the South to
the new colonial policy of
England, 1763-1767, IV, 42.
on the South in the Confed-
eration, IV, 87.
on the South in the develop-
ment of organized resistance,
1767-1775, IV, 52.
on the South in the framing
of the constitution, IV, 108.
on the South in the formation
of the Union, IV, 65.
Riley, I. W., "American Philos-
ophyThe Early Schools,"
VII, 262.
Rinehart, William Henry, sculp-
tor, life of, XII, 348.
reference to, X, 680, 686.
Ringgold, battle of, II, 197.
Riparian Rights and Water
Boundaries, IV, 151.
Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt,
author, life of, XII, 349.
Ritchie, Thomas, journalist, life
of, XII, 350.
editor of "Richmond Enquir-
er," VII, 471.
editor of "Washington
Union," VII, 471.
portrait, facing, VII, 470.
River trade, early, V, 338.
Rivers, made common highways,
V, 340.
settlements on, V, 337.
Rives, Amelie, depicting woman
in broader life, VII, 291.
Rives, John C., VII, 474.
Rives, William Cabell, senator,
and diplomat, life of, XII,
350.
Road laws, V, 343 et seq.
National, the, V, 345, 346, 350.
Roads, colonial backwardness in
making, V, 343.
Congressional provision for,
V, 346, 352.
convict labor on, VI, 321.
first of American, at James-
town, V, 343.
Roads, improved, in the South,
1865-1910, VI, 320 et seq.
in Southern states, V, 343 et
seq.
lack of good, V, 84.
military, V, 346, 348.
National appropriations for,
IV, 380.
plank, V, 349.
public, office of, VI, 320.
turnpike, 349.
urgent need of appropriations
for, 1824, IV, 380.
Roan, John, preaches in Vir-
ginia, IX, 6.
Roane, Archibald, governor of
Tennessee, II, 485.
Roane, Spencer, "Letters of Al-
gernon Sidney," VII, 193.
Roanoke Island, capture of, I,
490.
colony planted at, I, 3, 413;
IV, 3.
Roanoke College, Virginia, X,
99, 251.
Robbins, Horace W., author, X,
680.
Robbins School, The, VII, 171.
Roberts, O. M., elected senator
from Texas, III, 420.
Robertson, George, jurist and
educator, life of, XII, 354.
professor in Transylvania
University, X, 332.
Robertson, James, frontiersman,
life of, XII, 355.
at the head of the Mero Dis-
trict, II, 477.
called the Father of Tennes-
see, II, 466.
early settler in Kentucky, X,
107,
founds Nashville, II, 468.
Robidoux, Joseph, founder of St.
Joseph, III, 249.
Robinson, Beverley, soldier, life
of, XII, 352.
Robinson, Conway, author, life
of, XIIj 353.
legal writings of, VII, 332.
Robinson, Stuart, clergyman,
life of, XII, 353.
reference to, X, 486.
Robinson, William, preaches in
Virginia, IX, 6.
183
INDEX.
Rochefoucault, Duke La, on
Charleston, X, 48.
Rockefeller, John D., and his do-
nations to General Education
Board, X, 392.
Rockefeller, John D., Jr., and the
General Education Board, X,
392.
Rodes, Robert Emmet, soldier,
life of, XII, 356.
Rogers, Daniel, plan of province
of Westsylvania, I, 344.
Rogers, R. E., scientist, VII, 227.
Rogers, William B., scientific
writings, of, VII, 227, 235.
Rolfe, John, marriage to Poca-
hontas, I, 16; V, 22; X, 160.
Roman, Alfred, lawyer, life of,
XII, 357.
"Military Operations of Gen-
eral Beauregard," VII, 322.
Roman Catholic Church, the,
and English missions, X, 540.
and French missions. X, 540.
and her contribution to the up-
building of the English colo-
nies, X, 456.
and Spanish missions, X, 539.
early influence of, in Mary-
land, I, 153.
educational institutions of, in
the South, X, 250.
has no fixed^ attitude on the
negro question, X, 5. ^
influence of immigration on,
X, 545.
influence of, upon Southern
life, X, 537.
in colonial Alabama, II, 261.
in Louisiana territory, X, 531.
in the South, X, 430.
institutions of, for the training
of the priesthood, X, 318.
missionary period of, X, 539.
missions of, in Florida, III, 12.
period of organization, X, 542.
the three great religious ideas
presented by, X, 456.
Roman Catholic University, the,
X, 538.
"Roman Lives,** Plutarch's,
Notes on, by Long, VII, 137.
Roman Pronunciation of Latin,
founded by Humphreys, VII,
147.
Roman Pronunciation of Latin,
Washington and Lee Univer-
sity first in country to adopt,
VII, 147.
Rommel, George M., on the ani-
mal industry of the South,
V, 242-257; VI, 135-150.
Roosevelt, Theodore, on Ben-
ton's oratory, IX, 45.
"Rosalie," by Allston, VII, 13.
Rose, U. M., noted jurist, III,
333.
Rose, Wickliffe, and Peabody
Education Fund, X, 389.
on industrial development in
the South, X, 302.
Rosecrans, W. S., at the battle
of Chickatnauga, II, 194.
military operations in Ten-
nessee, II, 515.
Roselius, Christian, lawyer, life
of, XII, 358.
Rosengarten, quotes Senator
Lodge in "French Colonists
and Exiles in America," X,
120.
Rosin, overproduction of, V, 259.
Rosser, Thomas Lafayette, sol-
dier, life of, XII, 359.
Rost, Pierre Adolph, jurist, life
of, XII, 360.
Rotation of crops, long unknown
in the South, V, 154, 156.
method of, recommended, VI,
111.
Roulstone, George, publisher of
"Knoxville Gazette," VII,
470.
Roulstone, R., publisher of
"Knoxville Gazette," VII,
422.
Rouquette, Adrian Emmanuel,
poet, life of, XII, 361.
reference to, VII, 325.
Rouquette, Francois Dominique,
author, life of, XII, 362.
Rowland, Dunbar, on Missis-
sippi a part of the nation, II,
425.
on Mississippi a state in the
Union, II, 370.
on the state finances of Mis-
sissippi, V, 523-525; VI, 501-
504.
Rowland, Kate Mason, author,
life of, XII, 362.
INDEX.
183
Royal African Company, I, 56.
Royal Arcanum, X, 648.
"Royal Gazette," edited by John
Wells, VII, 418.
Royce, Josiah, on the reconcilia-
tion of religion and morality,
X, 488.
pleads for localism, X, xxvi.
Ruffin, Edmund, agriculturist,
life of, XII, 362.
agricultural survey of South
Carolina, VII, 176.
editor of the "Farmers' Regis-
ter," V, 550.
Ruffner, Henry, educator, life
of, XII, 363.
Ruffner, William Henry, educa-
tor and geologist, life of, XII,
364.
Ruggles, Daniel, soldier, life of,
XII, 364.
"Ruling days," VII, 60.
Rumsey, James, invents a steam-
boat for Maryland waters.
Runnels, H. R., governor of
Texas, III, 390.
retiring message of, III, 397.
"Rural Carolinian, The," in-
fluence of, VI, 536.
Rural population, I, 1.
schools, X, 194.
school, the, an educating force
leading away from the farm,
X, 378.
South, life in, X, 657.
Rush, Dr. Benjamin, and prohi-
bition, X, 570.
Ruskin Commonwealth, VI, 582.
Ruskin Cooperative Association.
VI, 582.
Russia, commercial policy of,
VI, 370, 377.
Russell, Irwin, poet, life of, XII,
365.
"Brudder Brown's" blessing
on the dance, VII, 41.
"Christmas Night in the Quar-
ters," VII, 40.
Russell, Irwin, delineation of
negro types and dialect, VII,
39.
"Mars John," VII, 40.
"Nebuchednezzar," VII, 40.
writings of, VIII, xlix.
"Russell's Magazine," VII, 448,
453.
Russell Sage foundation, the,
X, 217.
objects and operations of, X,
396.
when founded, X, 387.
Rust University, Mississippi, X,
257.
Rutherford, Griffith, in the Rev-
olution, I, 470.
Rutledge, Edward, soldier, life
of, XII, 366.
delegate to first Continental
Congress, II, 28.
in the Revolution, IX, 26.
Rutledge, John, statesman and
jurist, life of, XII, 367.
delegate to Federal Conven-
tion, II, 37, 40.
delegate to first Continental
Congress, II, 28; IV, 48.
in the Revolution, IX, 26, 92.
portrait, facing, IX, 92.
provincial president of South
Carolina, II, 30.
Ryan, Abram Joseph, poet, life
of, XII, 368.
"Conquered Banner," VII, 21.
influence as a preacher, IX,
148.
poet of the "Lost Cause," X,
538.
popularity of works, VII, 37.
portrait, facing, VII, 36.
"Song of the Mystic, The,"
VII, 37.
"Sword of Robert E. Lee,"
VII, 37.
Rye, not much grown in the
South, VI, 115.
184
INDEX.
Sabine Pass, engagement at,
III, 413.
Sacredness of law, a prohibition
issue, X, 578.
Saddlehorse, American, V, 245.
Saddlehorse Breeders' Associa-
tion, National, VI, 137.
Safford, James M., "Geological
Reconnoissance," VII, 254.
Sage, Mrs. Margaret Olivia, and
the Russell Sage Foundation,
X, 396.
Sage Foundation, see Russell
Sage Foundation.
"Sailing Directions," by Maury,
VII, 233.
Saint Augustine, Fla., founded
by Menendez de Aviles, III,
10; V, 12; X, 127, 128.
attacked by Oglethorpe, II,
128.
besieged by Georgia troops,
IV, 19.
captured by Drake and the
English, II, 11; III, 11; X,
129.
evacuated by Spaniards, III,
16.
military expedition against,
V, 533.
oranges first planted at, V,
240.
raids from, on English colony
at Charlestown, X, 130.
Saint-Denis, Louis de, expedi-
tion to Texas, III, 340.
at San Juan Bautista, X, 134.
meets Aguayo, III, 346.
St. John's Church, Richmond,
Patrick Henry's famous
speech in, X, 450.
Saint John's College, Maryland,
X, 199.
St. Joseph, Mo., founding and
growth of, III, 249.
capture of, III, 187.
St. Louis, Mo., founded, III,
185; V, 58.
early attack on, by Indians,
III, 187.
fairs and expositions at, III,
246; V, 591; VI, 570.
St. Louis, Mo., growing import-
ance of, III, 206.
has first public kindergarten,
X, 381.
manufacturing center, III, 245.
music in, VII, 399.
populatwn in 1788, III, 188.
present importance, III, 248.
"St. Louis Daily Gazette," ed-
ited by Page, VII, 293.
St. Louis University, X, 250.
St. Luke's Home for Aged
Women, Raleigh, N. C, or-
ganized by women, X, 628.
St. Marks, one of the first three
towns in Florida, III, 14.
seizure of, by Jackson, IX,
217.
St. Mary's College, Kentucky,
X, 250.
St. Mary's colony, settled by
Leonard Calvert, X, 98; ob-
jected to by Virginians, X,
99.
St. Mary's University, Texas, X,
250.
St. Stephens, one of first Ala-
bama towns, II, 264; first
capital, II, 269.
Salcedo, last Spanish governor
of Louisiana, III, 97.
Spanish commander in Texas,
III, 349.
Salley, genealogist, VII, 113.
Salomon, Haym, X, 557.
Saloon, the, and the negro, X,
575.
Salt, Confederate supply of, V,
480.
industry, Southern, V, 295-
297; VI, 248 et seq.
manufacture of, from brines,
VI, 190.
Salt Lick, Tenn., settlement at,
II, 463.
Salvador, Francis, X, 553.
San Antonio, one of first Texas
towns, III, 343; settlement
of, III, 344.
siege of, III, 364 ;>
San Antonio de Bejar, mission
at, X, 134.
Sanders cattle, V, 246.
INDEX.
185
San Domingo, negro rebellion
in, IV, 392.
Sandys, Sir Edwin, and the Lon-
don Company for Virginia,
X, 441.
draws charter of Virginia, IV,
21.
Sandys, George, translator of
Ovid's "Metamorphoses,"
VIII, 484.
San Felipe, convention of 1833
at, III, 361.
San Fernando, settlement of,
III, 343.
Sanford, Thaddeus, editor of
"Mobile Register," VII, 482.
San Francisco de los Tejas, mis-
sion of, III, 338.
San Ildefonso, treaty of, 1800,
IV, 303.
Sanitary conditions among ten-
ant whites, VI, 595 et seq.
Sanitation, bad, among rural
tenants in the South, VI, 595
et seq.
suggestions for improving,
among Southern tenants, VI,
599.
San Jacinto, battle of, III, 300,
366.
San Jose Mission, III, 343.
San Juan Bautista, mission of,
III, 340; X, 134.
San Juan de Caballeros, the first
capital of New Mexico, X,
133.
Sansom, Emma, heroine, life of,
XII, 369.
in the Civil War, II, 291.
Santa Anna, becomes dictator
of Mexico, IV, 307.
defeated by Houston at San
Jacinto, III, 366.
constitutional reforms of, III,
362.
massacres defenders of Alamo,
III, 364.
revolution of, in Mexico, III,
361.
robs Texas of local self-gov-
ernment, IV, 249.
sends troops to Texas, III,
362.
supported by Americans in
Texas, IV, 248.
Santa Fe, Mexico, captured, IV,
275.
Santee Canal, II, 55.
"Sapelo," by McKinley, VII, 52.
Sargent, Winthrop, first terri-
torial governor of Mississip-
pi, II, 360.
Sass, George Herbert, poet, life
of, XII, 369.
Saunders, Romulus Mitchell,
jurist, life of, XII, 370.
Saunders, William L., publishes
colonial records, I, 512.
Sauvolle, French governor of
Arkansas, III, 270.
Savannah, Ga., founded, II, 125.
blrttle of, II, 149; capture of,
by Americans, II, 149.
capture of, by Sherman, II,
214.
captured by British in 1778,
II, 33; IV, 74.
elects a council of safety, II,
144.
evacuated by British in 1782,
IV, 82.
first Georgia convention at,
II, 147.
first great cotton market, VI,
647.
Jewish colony in, X, 153.
musical culture in, VII, 379.
patriots endorse Boston Port
Bill, II, 143.
wealth from rice crops, V, 172.
"Savannah Gazette," founded by
James Johnston, VII, 418.
"Savannah Morning News,"
VIII, xliii.
Savannah River, water power of,
V, 583.
Saw-gin, see cotton gin.
Sawmills, increased number of,
VI, 256, 259.
on the Mississippi, V, 328.
Sawyer, Geo. S., "Southern In-
stitutes," VII, 104.
Say, Jean Baptiste, political
economist, V, 565, 566.
"Political Economy," Cooper's
edition of, X, 228.
Sayle, William, first governor of
colony of South Carolina,
II, 7.
founds Ashley River (Charles-
ton) settlement, X, 100.
Sayler, J. K. P., "Memory," VII,
265.
Scales, municipal, VI, 445.
186
INDEX.
Scarborough, Wm. S. (negro),
sketch of, VII, 535.
Scharf, John Thomas, soldier
and author, life of, XII, 370.
Scheppert, Thomas, founds
Shephardstown, Va., X, 148.
Schley, Winfield S., naval officer,
life of, XII, 371.
Schoenberg, Texas, founded by
Germans, X, 147.
Schofield, John M., military gov-
ernor during Reconstruction
in Virginia, I, 130; in North
Carolina, I, 497.
Scholarships in South Carolina,
X, 301.
School, the, and rural Libraries,
VII, 503.
for the deaf, first established
by Southern people, X, 598.
free, first founded in Virginia,
I, 28.
houses and grounds, improve-
ment of, X, 422.
improvement league work, X,
643.
terms, shortness of, after the
war, X, 410.
terms, tendency to lengthen,
X, 412.
text-books written from the
Southern standpoint, X, 29.
"School for Politics," by Gay-
arre, VII, 323.
School of Evangelists, Kimber-
lin Heights, X, 315.
Schooling of poor whites in the
South, X, 215.
Schools, altogether too bookish,
X, 418.
and schoolmasters, VII, 160.
common, I, liii.
reopening of, after the war,
X, 404.
Schultz, Henry, settles Ham-
burg, S. C, IV, 164.
Schurz, Carl, on the admission
of Missouri, IX, 37.
Schwab, John C., on Confederate
and state currency during the
war between the states, V,
453 et seq.
on economic activities of the
Confederate government, V,
478 et seq.
on the finances of the South-
ern Confederacy, V, 494 et
seq.
Schweinitz, E. A. de, chemist,
VII, 230.
Science, in South, VII, 286.
domestic, taught in agricul-
tural colleges, VI, 471.
"Science Absolute of Space," by
Bolyai, translated by Halsted,
VII, 218.
"Science of Jurisprudence," by
Taylor, VII, 336.
Scotch ballads, among Southern
mountaineers, VII, 59.
Scotch-Irish, an important race
contribution to the New
World, X, 110.
immigrants in Virginia, I, 38.
in Tennessee, II, 465.
in North Carolina, I, 445.
in South Carolina, II, 18.
or Presbyterian colonists, and
education, X, 185.
Scott, Abram M., governor of
Mississippi, II, 384.
Scott, Charles, in the Revolu-
tion, I, 93.
Scott, Dred, Supreme Court de-
cision in case of, I, xlii; IV,
465.
Scott, John, author of the Mis-
souri Enabling Act, III, 215.
Scott, Robert K., Reconstruction
governor of South Carolina,
II, 99.
Scott, Winfield, soldier, life of,
XII, 372.
made brigadier-general, IV,
266.
reference to, X, 647.
"Scott's Monthly," VII, 458.
Scoville, Elizabeth J., and the
Nashville Art Pottery, X, 711.
Scroggs, William O., on convict
and apprentice labor in the
South, V, 130-134; VI, 48-53.
on economic experiments in
cooperation, V, 592-594; VI,
580-583.
on the new Alabama, II, 312.
on the state finances of Ala-
bama, V, 498-500; VI, 480-483.
on the state finances of Louis-
iana, V, 516-518; VI, 496-498.
Scruggs, William Lindsay, law-
yer, journalist, diplomat, life
of, XII, 374.
INDEX.
187
Sculpture, in the S9uth, X, 681.
love of, spreading in the
South, X, 685.
progress in, since the war, X,
685.
Seacoast, Southern, modified cli-
mate of, VI, 630.
Sea fishes, important, in the
South, VI, 160-162.
"Sea Marke," by Capt. John
Smith, VII, 1.
"Sea Venture," loss of the, I, 15.
"Search of Truth," by Beasley,
VII, 264.
Sears, Dr. Barnas, member of
Peabody Board, X, 291.
Seaton, William Winston, editor,
life of, XII, 374.
associate editor of "National
Intelligencer," VII, 474.
Seawell, Molly Elliott, author,
life of, XII, 375.
Secession, effect of question
upon politics, IX, 53.
causes of, set forth by South
Carolina, II, 74; principles,
II, 75.
constitutional rights of South
for, IV, 500.
danger of, dreaded by Frank-
lin, IV, 474.
discussed in South Carolina in
1844, II, 70.
doctrine of, how viewed in the
North, IV, 467.
fears of, during early years of
the republic, IV, 475.
Federalist view of, IV, 478.
first talk of, I, xxxviii.
in Tennessee, II, 503.
legal right of, IV, 468.
legal under interpretation of
the constitution as a compact,
IV, 466.
National government use of
force to prevent, IV, 485.
of Alabama, II, 288.
of Mississippi, II, 406.
of Southern states, IV, 467.
of Virginia, I, 111.
opposed to nullification, IX,
413.
opposition to, from Southern
leaders, IV, 468.
origin of the political theory
of, IV, 472.
Secession, relation between cot-
ton growing and, V, 209.
resolution on, at Hartford
Convention, IV, 480.
South divided upon doctrine
of, IV, 468.
South's view of legal rights of,
IV, 485.
states' right of, IV, 554.
South's claims for, IV, 500.
the South's right of, iy, 499.
threats of, under Articles of
Confederation, IV, 475.
Toombs upon the reasons for,
IX, 312.
views of Davis upon, IX, 415.
views of framers of the con-
stitution on, IV, 479.
vote on, in Alabama, IV, 348.
war of, effect on civil rights of
negroes, IV, 573.
Secessionville, battle of, II, 83.
Secondary agricultural schools,
X, 373.
education in the South, X,
271.
education in the South, recent
advances in, X, 278.
"Second Visit to the United
States," by Lyell.
Secretaries of Agriculture,
Southern, I, xxxv.
Secretaries of State, Southern,
I, xxxv.
Secretaries of the Interior,
Southern, I, xxxv.
Secretaries of the Navy, South-
ern, I, xxxv.
Secretaries of the Treasury,
Southern, I, xxxv.
Secretaries of War, Southern, I,
xxxv.
Secret Orders, power of, IV, 634.
Sectional hatred, persistence of,
IX, 88.
Sectionalism, VII, 196.
causes of, IV, 382.
Hill's plea for the end of, IX,
356.
influence of foreign immigra-
tion upon, V, 657.
relation to the Civil War, V,
657.
Seddon, James Alexander, law-
yer, XII, 376.
Seedlings, importation of, in the
sugar industry, VI, 80.
188
INDEX.
Seeds, official inspection of, VI,
23.
plants, etc., free rural delivery
of, X, 375.
Seidell, Atherton, chemist, VII,
230.
Sejour, Victor, author, life of,
XII, 376.
Self, Elizabeth, message to Da-
vis, II, 513.
Selma, Ala., founded, II, 269.
burned in Civil War, II, 293.
Seminoles, the, a branch of the
Creek nation, V, 24; X, 159.
in Florida, III, 24.
folk-lore of, VII, 64.
give refuge to runaway slaves,
IV, 229.
removal of, to Indian Terri-
tory, IV, 438.
Seminole War, III, 32.
Clay's views regarding the,
IX; 193.
Semmes, Alexander Jenkins, sur-
geon, life of, XII, 377.
Semmes, Raphael, naval com-
mander and author, life of,
XII, 377.
and, the "Alabama," II, 290.
narrates Cruise of "Sumter"
and the "Alabama," VII, 109.
Semmes, Thomas Jenkins, law-
yer, life of, XII, 380.
Semple, Ellen Churchill, author
and scientist, life of, XII, 381.
Senter, DeWitt Clinton, politi-
cian, life of, XII, 381.
governor of Tennessee, II, 533.
"Sentinel," The, edited by
Longstreet, VII, 75.
Separation of Church and State,
general approval of, through-
out the states of the Union,
X, 481.
Sequoyah, see Gist.
"Serenade, A," by Pinkney,
VII, 14.
Serfdom, how it differs from
slavery, V, 124.
in Prussia, abolition of, X, 209.
Servant and master, V, 96, 97.
Servants, "Christian," V, 87.
drawn from many classes, V,
97.
"indented," V, 87.
indentured, V, 475.
punishment of, V, 98.
Servants, rights of, V, 98.
"white," V, 87.
Servitude, by law, its recogni-
tion in the colonies, V, 92.
character of, V, 94.
distinct from slavery, V, 94.
extended to all mainland colo-
nies, North and South, V, 94,
102.
first developed in Virginia, V,
94.
forms of, V, 89, 90, 95.
in Georgia, V, 100.
in the ante-bellum South, V,
94 et seq.
origin of, V, 96.
penal, V, 130 et seq.
period covered by, V, 95.
twofold economic character,
V, 102, 103.
white, its development in the
South, V, 659.
why supplanted by slavery, V,
103.
Settlement, in South, how differ-
ent from North, I, xxiv.
of Virginia, steps to, I, 8.
Settlements, increase of Vir-
ginia, I, 20.
Seven Days' Battles, the, I, 491.
"Seven Decades of the Union,"
by Wise, VII, 195.
Sevier, Ambrose H., share in
forming the state of Arkan-
sas, III, 284.
minister to Mexico, III, 301.
political career of, III, 296.
senator from Arkansas, III,
286.
Sevier, John, pioneer and states-
man, life of, XII, 382.
an early settler in Kentucky,
X, 107.
at head of Washington dis-
trict, II, 477.
career of, II, 471, 482.
first governor of Tennessee,
II, 478, 481.
governor of Franklin, II, 475.
in the Wautauga settlement,
II, 468.
plans campaign against the
Creeks, II, 151.
portrait, facing, II, 472.
rivalry with Jackson, II, 486.
Sewanee Grammar School, VII,
172.
INDEX.
189
"Sewanee Review," VII, 466.
historical writings in, VII,
521.
Seward, Wm. H., on Toombs's
oratory, IX, 102.
Seymour, Attorney-General, op-
poses charter for William
and Mary College, X, 219.
Seymour, Horatio, presidential
candidate in 1868, IV, 608.
Seymour, Truman, in the Civil
War, III, 56.
Shackelford, James M., lawyer,
life of, XII, 384.
Shackelford, Thomas Mitchell,
jurist, life of, XII, 385.
Shad, in Southern rivers, V, 267.
Southern yield of, VI, 160.
"Shade of the Trees," by Pres-
ton, VII, 21.
Shadrach, negro fugitive slave,
case of, IV, 462.
Shakers, societies of, VI, 582.
Shaler, Nathaniel Southgate,
scientist, life of, XII, 385.
"Kentucky," VII, 105.
other writings of, VII, 266.
on disuse of manure, V, 218.
on the First Kentucky Bri-
gade, X, 78.
Shannon, educator, VII, 155.
Sharkey, William L., provisional
governor of Mississippi, II,
423, 428.
Sharp, Robert, educator, VII,
127.
Sharpe, Horatio, governor of
Maryland, I, 173.
prorogues assembly of Mary-
land, IV, 54.
Shattuck, D. O., president of
Centenary College, VII, 310.
Shaw, Albert, and the Southern
Education Board, X, 391.
Shaw, H. B., scientist, VII, 236.
Shaw, H. M., in the Civil War, I,
490.
Shaw, John, publisher of the
"Mississippi Messenger,"
VII, 420.
"A Song," VII, 11.
Shaw University, North Caro-
lina, X, 251.
Shawanees, the, X, 159.
in Tennessee, II, 462.
Shays' Rebellion, IV, 96.
Shecut, J. L. E. W., medical
writer, VII, 363.
Sheep, "down" breeds of, V, 249.
craze for Merino, V, 249.
export of, prohibited, V, 247.
importation of, V, 247.
industry, aided by G. W. P.
Custis, V, 249.
industry, becomes important
in Virginia, V, 249.
industry, development of, in
Maryland, Kentucky, Mis-
souri, and Tennessee, V, 249.
industry, fostered by Wash-
ton, V, 248.
industry, languishing of, VI,
146.
"piney woods," in Florida, V,
249.
rapid introduction of Merino,
V, 249.
Washington's valuation of, V,
248.
Sheerer, Mary G., art teacher,
X, 708, 709.
Shelby, Isaac, Revolutionary
soldier, life of, XII, 386.
and Transylvania Seminary,
X, 241.
first governor of Kentucky,
I, 258, 266.
portrait, of, facing, I, 266.
Shelley's Case, rule of property
originating in, VI, 34.
"Shenandoah," the, carries Con-
federate flag around the
world, I, 494.
Shenandoah Valley, the cradle
of modern democracy, X, 471.
Shepard, Chas. U., chemist, VII,
231.
Shepherd, William, sculptor, X,
686.
Shepherdstown, oldest town in
West Virginia, I, 336.
Sheridan, Philip, military gov-
ernor of Louisiana, III, 151.
Sherman Act, the, for restric-
tion of purchase of silver, IV,
359.
repeal of, IV, 360.
Sherman anti-trust law, the, VI,
460, 461.
Sherman, D. A., New England,
president 'of East Tennes-
see College, VII, 303.
190
INDEX.
Sherman, F. W., in the Civil
War, III, 54.
Sherman, S. S., New England,
president of Howard College,
VII, 309.
Sherman, William T., attacks
South Carolina coast, II, 83.
campaign in Georgia, II, 203.
enters Raleigh, I, 497.
march through South Caro-
lina, II, 83.
operations in Mississippi, II,
415.
personal estimate of damage
done to Georgia, II, 215.
raid in Mississippi, II, 420.
raids of, 494; V, 150.
route of march to sea, II, 92.
Sherrill, Kate, rescued from In-
dians by Sevier, II, 468.
Shiloh, battle of, II, 514.
Shiloh Monument, the, at Shi-
loh, Tenn., X, 630.
Shipbuilding, a minor industry,
V, 328.
early, in the South, V, 19.
growth of, V, 304.
importance of, in Maryland, V,
328.
Ship timber, white oak cut for,
V, 260.
Shipping, American, damaged by
Berlin and Milan decrees, V,
383.
Shipp, Scott, educator, life of,
XII, 387.
educator, VII, 112.
Shorter, John Gill, legislator,
life of, XII, 387.
Shorthorns, great breeding of,
in Kentucky, VI, 140.
importation of, V, 246.
Shubrick, John Templar, naval
officer, life of, XII, 388.
Shubrick, William Branford, na-
val officer, life of, XII, 389.
Sibley, H. H., in the Civil War,
III, 410.
Sickle, perfection of the, V, 157.
Sickles, Daniel E., military gov-
ernor of North Carolina, I,
501.
military governor of South
Carolina, II, 98.
Sidney, Sir Philip, his scheme to
check France's advance in
the new world, X, 438.
Sierra Leone, and its inception
as a colony for liberated
slaves, X, 167.
"Sight: An Exposition of the
Principles of Vision," by Le
Conte, VII, 265.
Sikes, Enoch W., economic
writer, VI, 548.
on North Carolina, 1729-1776,
I, 441.
Silver, demonetization of, IV,
359, 360.
free and unlimited coinage of,
IV, 359.
free and unlimited coinage of,
platform of Democratic
party, 1896, IV, 360.
production of, in the South,
VI, 216-219.
Simms, William Gilmore, au-
thor, life of, XII, 390.
as a poet, VIII, xxvii.
contrasted with Poe, VIII,
xxiv.
"Doom of the Young Chief,
The," VIII, 72.
early life, VII I, xxv.
ease of writing, VIII, xxxii.
"Flight of the Young Chief,
The," VIII, 69.
his economic advocacy, V, 572.
letter of, to J. E. Cooke, facing,
XII, 390.
literary work of, VII, 26.
many-sided activities, VIII,
xxxiii.
monument to, photo facing,
VII, 22.
novels by, VIII, xxvii.
"Partisan, The," VIII, xxiii.
"Partisan, The," extract from,
VIII, 89, 93.
"Partisans in the Cypress
Swamps," VIII, 89.
portrait of, facing, VII, 28.
social prejudice noted by,
X, 26.
"Southward Ho," VII, 189.
strong Southern bent, VIII,
xxv.
style of, VIII, xxix.
"Swamp Fox and His Follow-
ers, The," VIII, 93.
INDEX.
191
Simms, William G i 1 m o r e ,
"Swamp Fox, The," poem,
VIII, 98.
"Yemassee, The," extract
from, VIII, 69, 72.
Simons, Amory Coffin, artist,
life of, XII, 392.
reference to, X, 686.
"Simon Suggs," by Hooper,
VII, 77; VIII, xliv.
extract from, VIII, 186, 199.
Simpson, R. F., Manual Labor
School on plantation of, X,
361.
Sims, Edward Dromgoole, edu-
cator, life of, XII, 392.
educator, VII, 123.
Sims, Harry Marion, surgeon,
life of, XII, 393.
Sims, James Marion, surgeon,
life of, XII, 393.
Sims, Marion, surgeon, VII, 366.
Sinclair, Carrie Bell, author,
life of, XII, 394.
Sioussat, St. George Leakin,
educator and author, life of,
XII, 395.
cooperation of, for the devel-
opment of the material wel-
fare of the South, IV, 159.
economic writer, VI, 549.
on state and federal lands and
land laws in the South, VI,
28 et seq.
on the public land systems of
the state and federal govern-
ments in the South, V, 67
et seq.
on the state finances of Ten-
nessee, V, 543-546; VI, 512-
514.
"Sketch of the Botany of
South Carolina and Georgia,"
by Elliott, VII, 247.
"Sketches of Life in Old Vir-
ginia," by Kennedy, VIII, 123.
Skinner, John S., observations
of, on his trip through the
South, X, 367.
"Skyscraper," the, America's
sole original contribution to
architecture, X, 688.
Slate industry, V, 294.
Slater, John Fox, donates
$1,000,000 for education of
the negroes of the South, X,
389.
Slater Board, the, X, 217.
Slater Fund, the, when founded,
X, 387.
Slaughter House cases, IV, 469.
Slaughter, Philip Clayton, cler-
gyman, lawyer and editor,
life of, XII, 395.
Slaughter, Robert M., contribu-
tion of South to progress of
medicine and culture, VII,
355.
Slave, conspiracies and revolts,
IV, 233.
fugitive act of 1793, IV, 410.
fugitive act of 1850, IV, 416.
fugitive problem, IV, 410.
insurrection in South Caro-
lina in 1739, IV, 35.
law, fugitive, Supreme Court
view of, I, xlii.
market, a prototype of the
employment bureau, V, 125.
monopoly, (non-existence of,
X, 663.
ownership no stepping stone
to public office, X, 663.
regulations, slackness of, IV,
204.
revolt in Richmond, Va., IV,
234.
revolts and conspiracies, IV,
233.
sales, advertisements of, IV,
214.
states, labor statistics of, for
1860, V, 116-118.
system, poorer whites fled
from the, V, 115.
Slaves, African, demand for, IV,
215.
Confederate soldiers fed and
clothed by, V, 148.
cost of, in Africa, V, 126.
difficulties in managing, IV,
206.
diversity of those grouped
under negro race, IV, 226.
early importations into Vir-
ginia, I, 50.
escape of, during the Civil
War, VI, 4.
export of, from Connecticut,
IV, 218.
fidelity of, during war, II, 90.
freed, economic problem of,
VI, 5.
hiring of, V, 128; VI, 4, 7.
192
INDEX.
Slaves, how their importation af-
fected communities, V, 127.
illegal importation of, V, 209.
importation of, from Africa,
IV, 212.
increasing price of, V, 78.
interstate traffic in, IV, 220.
kidnappers of, IV, 232.
manumissions of, V, 87.
mortgaging of, V, 459.
negro, how chiefly employed,
V, 106.
number of, in 1860, V, 421.
number of persons owning ten
or more, in 1860, V, 123.
numbers of, stolen, IV. 230.
percentage of those dying in
transit from Africa, IV, 213.
price of, increased by cotton
culture, V, 208.
prices of, in the ante-bellum
South, V, 127.
prosperity of Louisiana, IV,
225.
punishments inflicted on, IV,
205.
ratio for the representation
of, fixed by the constitution,
1787, IV, 125.
ratio of, to total Southern
population, V, 83.
religion of, IV, 207.
runaway, IV, 227.
runaway, causes for whole-
sale stampede, IV, 227.
runaway, desperate resistance
made by, IV, 228.
runaway, find refuge among
Seminole Indians, IV, 229.
runaway, newspaper adver-
tisements of, IV, 227.
sales of, IV, 214.
schemes for emancipating, V,
87.
speculation of traders and
planters in, V, 128.
traffic in stolen, IV, 231.
treatment of favorite, IV, 204.
value of, in Kentucky, I, 306.
Slaveholders, percentage of, not
large, V, 83.
Slaveholding communities, so-
cial life of, X, ill.
states, emancipation begun in
some, V, 109.
Slaveholding states, industrial
distress in, following the
Revolution, V, 109.
states, policy of, to restrict
free negroes, IV, 327.
Slave labor, advantages and in-
juries, V, 123.
burdensome to communities,
V, 122.
causes of its introduction, V,
104.
conditions affecting, 1775 to
1820, V, 108-110.
development, 1820-1860, V, 110
et seq.
during the colonial period, V,
104.
English use of, in American
colonies, V, 105 et seq.
economics of, V, 121 et seq.;
X, 29.
expansion of Southern settle-
ment quickened by, V, 125.
expansions and recessions, V,
113.
firmly fixed upon the South
by 1820, V, 109.
first used in American colo-
nies by Spain, V, 105.
how developed, V, 125.
increasing cost of, V, 122.
inefficiency of, V, 83.
new industries developed rap-
idly by, V, 125.
often unprofitable, V, 122.
profit of, in tobacco culture,
V, 162.
relation to capital, V, 435.
relative importance of, IV,
116-118.
relatively slight in factory
work, V, 123.
rice culture adapted to, V, 175.
superiority of, I, 55.
system, in the ante-bellum
South, V, 104 et seq.
Slave trade, abolished by Great
Britain and the United States,
IV, 293.
African, IV, 211.
African, its reopening de-
manded for cotton industry,
V, 209.
comprise on, in constitutional
convention, IV, 126.
domestic, IV, 217.
INDEX.
193
Slave Trade, domestic, condi-
tions 9f, V, 126.
domestic, cruelty in, IV, 223.
domestic, origin and progress
of, IV, 219.
domestic, state restrictions of,
IV, 222.
domestic, statistics of, IV, 223.
domestic, volume of, IV, 222.
economics of, V, 124 et seq.
foreign expenses and risks of,
V, 126.
foreign, state prohibition of,
IV, 216.
foreign, volume of, IV, 210.
in the South, IV, 293.
morality of, IV, 212.
necessarily a part of the slave-
labor regime, V, 129.
New England colonies vote
for its continuance, V, 660.
New England's share in, IV,
212.
problems of restriction of, IV,
215.
profits of, IV, 212.
routes followed, IV, 220.
social stigma upon, IV, 224;
V, 128.
sufferings of slaves in, IV, 213.
Slave trader, cruelty of, over-
drawn, IV, 224.
forms of earnings of, V, 125.
social stigma attached to, IV,
224.
Slavery a barrier against immi-
gration from Europe, X, 3.
agitation makes sentiment for
secession, I, xxxviii.
beginning and growth of, in
the South, V, 659.
beginning of, in America, IV,
384.
caused by demand for labor,
IV, 384.
colonies attempt to restrict,
IV, 35.
connection with public land
question, V, 72.
conservative reaction to, 1790-
1815, IV, 390.
continuance largely due to
cotton culture, V, 207.
convicts sentenced to, V, 130.
dangers consequent upon its
sudden abolition, X, 30.
13
Slavery defended by Toombs in
Boston speech, IX, 59.
destroyed in Virginia, I, 129.
disappearance as a labor sys-
tem, V, 149, 150.
discouraged by Southern
states, IV, 92.
disestablishment in Northern
states, IV, 387.
doctrine of, summed up, IV,
557.
economic emancipation of the
whites by destruction of, VI,
16.
ended by the Thirteenth
Amendment, V, 150.
English attitude towards, in
colonial times, IV, 34.
excluded in Northwest Terri-
tory by Jefferson, I, 102.
extinction of, subverts social
system of upper South, X, 5.
firmness of its foundations,
X, 3.
first economic foothold gained
in Barbadoes, V, 399.
first legalized in Arkansas,
III, 272.
fostered agriculture and
blighted manufactures, X, 4.
greatest topic of political dis-
cussion of 1848-1852, IV, 326.
grounds for disapproving of,
IV, 388.
how it differs from serfdom,
V, 124.
in Alabama, II, 265, 282, 286.
in England, IV, 384.
in Florida, III, 40.
influence of, on interpretations
of the constitution, IV, 458.
influence on Southern manu-
factures, IV, 192; V, 313.
in Georgia, II, 167; V, 106.
in Louisiana, III, 103, 121.
in Maryland, I, 196.
in Massachusetts, V, 106.
in Mississippi, II, 378.
in New York, V, 106.
in North Carolina, I, 478.
in South Carolina, II, 23, 45.
in Tennessee, II, 501, 522.
in Texas, III, 351, 395.
in Virginia, I, 110.
in the border states, V, 110.
in the South, VII, 182.
in the Southwest, V, 110.
194
INDEX.
Slavery in the territories, IV,
417.
interstate rendition of fugi-
tives, IV, 413.
introduction of, IX, 424.
isolation of the country life
of the period, X, 9.
issue of, in Federal politics,
IV, 382.
issue of, in determining ad-
mission of states, III, 216.
laws affecting, IV, 202.
legal establishment of, in the
colonies, V, 93.
legal in all English colonies,
IV, 34.
legislative regulations of, IV,
199.
localization of, in America, IV,
386.
localization of, in the South,
V, 106.
made legal in Virginia, V, 106.
negroes in, at surrender of
Lee, V, 151.
not deep-rooted at the North,
V, 660.
overthrow of, IV, 557.
problems of masters, IV, 206.
prolonged in border states, V,
208.
psychological results of its
disappearance, VI, 254.
question, Hill upon the, IX,
370.
question, in admission of Mis-
souri, IX, 226.
question, Toombs upon the
IX, 313.
radical abolition movement
against, strengthens slavery
in South, IV, 402.
rise in price of slaves, IV,
411.
relation of, to cotton growing,
V, 206.
relation of, to the Civil War,
V, 656.
rendition act of 1850, IV, 413.
requirements for its profitable
use, V, 207.
servitude superseded by, V, 98,
100, 101.
societies for suppression of,
IV, 396.
status in Confederate consti-
tution, IV, 489.
Slavery, statistics of, IV, 386.
system, origin of, IV, 198.
tendency of, to disperse pop-
ulation, X, 4.
tendency of, to weaken popu-
lar education, X, 4.
theories of the Revolution un-
favorable to, V, 108.
under regime of, social life of
the town dominated by that
of the country, X, 8.
Whitefield's approval of, V,
100.
why discarded in New Eng-
land and middle colonies, V,
106.
Sledd, Andrew, on Florida, 1819-
1861, III, 21.
on the economic aspects of
the South as a health and
pleasure resort, VI, 629 et
seq.
Sledd, Benjamin Franklin,
poems of, VII, 52.
Slidell, John, lawyer and diplo-
mat, life of, XII, 396.
Confederate Commissioner,
seized on board "Trent," IV,
532.
surrendered to British govern-
ment, IV, 534.
Smallpox, inoculation for, VII,
359.
Small, William, educator, VII,
203.
Smith, A. J., in the Civil War,
III, 139.
Smith, Ashbel, diplomat, life of,
"
_
Smltri, Charles Alphonso, edu-
cator, life of, XII, 3
Smith, Charles Forster,^*edu-
cator, VII, 129.
on the South's contribution to
classical studies, VII, 135.
Smith, Charles Henry ("Bill
Arp"), author, life of, XII,
399.
'Bill Arp's Lecture," IX, 486.
'Bill Arp's Letters," VII, 86.
'Bill Arp's Scrapbook," VII,
86.
'Bill Arp, So-Called," VII, 85.
'Farm and Fireside, The/'
VII, 86.
"Fireside Sketches," VII, 86.
INDEX.
195
Smith, Charles Henry, letter of,
to Abraham Lincoln, VII,
86.
on Florida, 1861-1909, III, 46.
quoted, IX, 379.
Smith, Edmund Kirby, soldier,
life of, XII, 399.
in the Civil War, III, 139, 310,
410.
military operations in Tennes-
see, II, 513.
surrender of, III, 416.
Smith, E. P., sculptor, X, 686.
Smith, Eugene Allen, geologist,
life of, XII, 400.
his report on cotton produc-
tion, VI, 14.
Smith, Francis Hopkinson, au-
thor, life of, XII, 411.
depicting type of Southern
gentleman, VII, 291.
portrait, facing, VIII, 1.
reference to, X, 680.
translations by, VII, 205.
Smith, Gustavus Woolson, sol-
dier, life of, XII, 402.
in the Civil War, II, 84.
Smith, Hoke, politician, life of,
XII, 403.
governor of Georgia, II, 239.
Smith, James M., governor of
Georgia, II, 226.
Smith, Captain John, founder of
Virginia, life of, XII, 404.
explores Chesapeake Bay, I,
151; X, 97.
historian, VII, 89.
made president of council at
Jamestown, I, 13.
maps harbors of the New Eng-
land coast, 440.
naturalist, VII, 240.
on fishing, V, 267.
on value of tobacco cultiva-
tion, V, 160.
portrait of, facing, I, 8.
rescued by Pocahontas, I, 12;
X, 160.
tried for mutiny, I, 12.
"Sea Marke," VII, 1.
Smith, John E., publisher of
"Augusta Chronicle and Ga-
zette of the State," VII, 419.
Smith, John Lawrence, chemist,
life of, XII, 405.
Smith, John Lawrence, "Com-
position of the Products of
Distillation of Spermaceti,
The," VII, 224.
founder of "Medical and Sur-
gical Journal of South Caro-
lina," VII, 224.
Smith, Martin Luther, soldier,
life of, XII, 406.
Smith, S. H., founder of the
"National Intelligencer and
Washington Advertiser,"
VII, 414.
Smith, Samuel Stanhope, founds
Prince Edward Academy,
later Hampden-Sidney Col-
lege, X, 241.
Smith, Thomas, hanged for
piracy, IV, 7.
Smith, Thomas Landgrave, re-
ceives rice seed from a Dutch
captain at Charleston, V, 169.
Smith, Whitefoord, noted divine
and educator, VII, 117, 118.
Smith, William, legislator, life
of, XII, 407.
in public affairs of South Car-
olina, II, 66.
Smith, William Benjamin, au-
thor and educator, life of,
XII, 407.
"Coordinate Geometry and
Infinitesimal Analysis, Vol.
I," VII, 218.
reference to, VII, 155.
Smith, William H., governor of
Alabama, II, 303.
Smith, William Russell, legisla-
tor and educator, life of, XII,
409.
Smith, William S., raid in Mis-
sissippi, II, 421.
Smyth, Thomas, clergyman and
author, life of, XII, 410.
Snapper, red, Southern yield of,
VI, 161.
Social life in colonial Virginia,
I, 58.
under British influences, V,
30-32.
Social movements in the South,
X, 567.
"Social Relations in Our South-
ern States," by Hundley,
VII, 188.
Social settlements in the Blue
Ridge, Virginia, X, 618.
196
INDEX.
Social settlements due to indi-
vidual effort, X, 621.
in the cities of the South,
mainly carried on by
churches, X, 615.
in the mountains of the Appa-
lachian range, X, 616.
in the South, X, 614.
in the South, distinctly re-
ligious, X, 615.
Social side of historical socie-
ties, VII, 518.
Social surveys, VII, 188.
Social tendencies in the South,
X, 654.
Society for abolishing the slave
trade founded 1787, IV, 396.
Society for Propagating the
Gospel in Foreign Parts,
the, active in establishing
libraries, X, 190.
"Sociology for the South, or the
Failure of Free Society," by
Fitzhugh, VII, 185.
Soil, exhausted by staples, V,
153.
inoculation of, with nitrogen
gathering bacteria, VI, 475.
Soils of the South, V, 4, 7.
Soldiers' Rest, the, organized
by women of Columbia, S.
C, X, 625.
Soldiers, Revolutionary, fur-
nished by Southern states,
IV, 86.
"Solid South," term first used,
IV, 574.
Somers* Lord John, and the
English Bill of Rights, X,
448.
Sommersett case, test slavery
case, 1772, IV, 385.
Sons of Confederate Veterans,
X, 653.
Sons of Temperance, the, X,
570
"Song, A," by Shaw, VII, 11.
"Song of the Chattahoochee,"
by Lanier, VII, 43.
"Songs and Poetry of the
South," by Meek, VII, 17.
"Songs, Merry and Sad," by
McNeill, VII, 52.
Sorghum, cultivated in Georgia,
V, 676.
Sothel, Seth, misrule of, in
North Carolina, I, 430.
Sothel, Seth, seizes government
of South Carolina, IV, 29.
Soto, Hernando de, explorations
of, II, 337, 247.
explorations in Arkansas, III,
263.
expedition to Texas, III, 336.
expedition to the South, III,
6, 83.
death of, III, 264.
first European in Tennessee,
II, 463.
"Sot-weed Factor, The," satiri-
cal poem, by Cook, I, 171;
VII, 2.
"Sot-weed Factor, Redivivus,"
by Cook, VII, 2.
Soule, Andrew M., on vegeta-
bles, fruit and nursery pro-
ducts, and truck farming in
the South, 236-242; VI, 127-
135.
Soule, Pierre, statesman and
soldier, life of, XII, 410.
author of the Ostend Mani-
festo, IV, 295.
reference to, X, 115.
"Souls of Black Folk, The," by
DuBois, VII, 533.
South, The, academies in, X,
274.
achievements of the English
in, X, 108.
adaptation of school educa-
tion to life, X, 417.
aesthetic life, the, in, X, 673.
after Reconstruction, IV, 636.
after the war, IX, 378.
agricultural and mechanical
colleges, X, 247.
a laboratory for the study of
sociological forces, X, xxvii.
and North, value of inter-
course between, VI, 631-633.
ante-bellum prison population
small in, V, 131.
anti-bucket shop movement,
X, 576.
apprentice labor in, V, 132.
architecture in, X, 687.
aristocratic character of, IV,
505.
attitude of, toward Federal
government, I, xlii.
backwardness in establishing
training schools for teachers,
X, 294.
INDEX.
197
South, The, banking business in,
X, 655.
Baptist institutions, X, 226.
battle for democracy over
prohibition, X, 580.
beginning of great mineral
production in, V, 9.
beginning of the prohibition
movement, X, 569.
bonded debt upon, left by Re-
construction, X, 297.
British peoples of, develop
the southwestern country,
X, 117.
"Carpet-bag" administration
in, IV, 614.
Catholic church in, history of,
divided into three periods, X,
538.
Catholic dioceses in, X, 546.
Catholic population in, X, 546.
causes of growth in foreign
commerce of, VI, 369.
causes of lack of manufac-
tures in, IV, 192.
Cherokees in, VII, 62.
child labor in, X, 582.
children employed in agricul-
ture in, X, 583.
children engaged in pursuits
other than agriculture, X,
583.
church history of, VII, 112.
civil disabilities of men of,
IV, 568.
civil rights of, as affected by
Civil War, IV, 565.
classical schools in, VII, 162.
classical studies in, Univer-
sity of Virginia setting
standard of, VII, 136.
clergy in educational work of,
VII, 116.
coastal plain of, V, 3.
colleges of applied science in,
X, 352.
colored insane, the, in, X, 599.
community of feeling among
all Southern people, X, xxv.
conditions and needs regard-
ing technical education, X,
350.
conditions in, after war, IX,
429.
contributes war song to the
North, VII, 69.
South, The, contribution of, to
classical studies, the, VII, 135.
contribution of, to music, VII,
372.
contributions of, to mathemat-
ics and astronomy, VII, 200.
contribution of, to the charac-
ter and culture of the North,
VII, 269.
contribution of, to the na-
tion's wit and humor, VII, 71.
contribution of, to the prog-
ress of medicine and surgery,
VII, 355.
contributions of, to philoso-
phy, VII, 259.
contribution of, to physical
science, VII, 221.
corn and cotton great sources
of wealth, V, 213.
corruption of Reconstruction
officials in, IV, 612.
cotton fibre challenges indus-
trial ingenuity of the South,
X, 212.
cotton industry in, IV, 186.
cotton States of, origin of, X,
111.
demand for education beyond
the three R's, X, 277.
denominational colleges and
universities, X, 249.
destitution of, after Civil War,
IV, 581.
difficulty of carrying technical
education beyond the stage
of industrial training, X, 354.
difficulty of the educational
problem, X, 425, 426.
diplomatic problems of, in
1787, IV, 106.
Disciples of Christ in, X, 480,
431.
discovery of gold in, V, 277.
disfranchisement movement in,
X, 576.
early coal mining in, V, 3.
early conditions for the treat-
ment of the insane in, X, 599.
early educational ideals in, X,
398.
early iron mining in, V, 6.
early journalism of, VII, 405.
early manufactures in, V, 19.
early prejudice against educa-
tion of the masses in, X, 294.
early shipbuilding in, V, 19.
198
INDEX.
South, The, economic and
political essays in, VII, 173.
economic, area of, V, xii, 2.
economic aspects as a health
and pleasure resort, VI, 629
et seq.
economic development and
the farm, X, 212.
economic effects of Revolu-
tionary policy in, V, 19.
economic, social, and political
solidarity of, X, xxv.
educational advancement in,
since the war, X, 298.
educational awakening in, X,
277.
educational creed of, X, 292.
educational ideals and tend-
encies in, X, 398.
education charged with an in-
dustrial, social, and national
mission, X, 216.
education in, before the war,
X, 196.
effects of Reconstruction acts
in, IV, 602.
elementary education, X, 282.
endowments of theological
seminaries in, X, 322.
English studies in, VII, 115.
entire press of, favorable to
agriculture, X, 376.
epileptics neglected in, X, 601.
Episcopalians in, X, 430, 431.
ethnological studies of, VII,
112.
expenditure for public schools,
X, 290.
farmers' cooperative demon-
stration work in the South-
ern states, X, 603.
favorable conditions for agri-
culture in, V, 19.
first normal school in, estab-
lished at Charleston, X, 296.
folk-lore of, VII, 55.
four historical eras of, X, xxi.
fraternal organizations in, X,
645.
free contract labor in, V, 134
et seq.
free school, the, formerly re-
garded as a charity, X, 400.
free schools of, not in high
esteem before 1860, X, 287.
French-Canadians supplant
Irish-Americans in, X, 548.
South, The, French influences
in, X, 61.
gap between the high school
and the college, X, 278.
general conditions of eco-
nomic life in, V, 1 et seq.
general movement for more
competent school supervi-
sion, X, 424.
general oratory of, IX, 158.
German element in, X, 139.
German influences in, X, 58.
graded schools organized, X,
278.
grammar schools in, X, 272.
high ability of descendants of
the French, X, 120.
high school of, "the people's
college," X, 280.
high school, three well-defined
types of, X, 280.
higher education, beginnings
of, X, 237.
higher education, progress in,
since 1900, X, 234.
higher education in, early be-
ginnings of, X, 219.
higher education of negroes,
the, X, 255.
higher education of women, X,
254, 258.
higher standard of qualifica-
tion for teachers demanded,
X, 416.
historical studies, VII, 88.
historical writings of, by Bev-
erly, VII, 91.
historical writings of, by Law-
son, VII, 92.
history of, by Phelan, VII,
104.
history of cotton planting in,
V, 197 et seq.
history of intellectual life,
VII, 1.
holds on to slavery in opposi-
tion to liberal tendency of
the age, X, 211.
hostile to Catholicity, X, 549.
immigration and population to
1783, V, 12 et seq.
immigration into, before 1860,
IV, 190.
increased attention to the ex-
ternals of religious worship,
X, 435.
INDEX.
199
South, The, increase of public
debt in, during Reconstruc-
tion period, IV, 612.
in colonial politics, 1607-1775,
IV, 1.
in diplomacy during the revo-
lution and under the Con-
federation, IV, 98.
in foreign affairs independent
of the Federal government,
IV, 241.
Indian, the, in, X, 158.
Indian population, V, 21 et
seq.
Indian problems of, and plans
for solution, IV, 196.
individuality of, a national as-
set, X, xxvi.
industrial growth of, IV, 351.
inefficiency of preparatory
schools a barrier to technical
education, X, 354.
in English politics, 1607-1763,
IV, 20.
in Federal diplomacy, 1789-
1860, IV, 279.
in Federal politics, IV, 258.
inferior educational institu-
tions, establishment of, after
the war, X, 229.
influence exerted by, on the
government, IV, 332.
influence of bar upon culture
of, VII, 352.
influence of British colonial
policy upon, V, 26.
influence of, in formative pe-
riod, IX, 89.
influence of Protestantism in,
X, 527.
in interstate and intersection-
al relations, IV, 135.
in relation to the West, V, 662.
institutions for the blind, the
deaf, and the dumb, X, 601.
institutions for the insane in,
X, 600.
internal improvements in, V,
351 et seq.
in the Civil War, defends its
conception of local rights,
X, 116.
in national politics, IV, 553.
in political parties, 1789-1860,
IV, 319.
in the Confederation, IV, 87.
in the Confederacy, IV, 487.
South, The, in the development
of organized resistance, 1767-
1775, IV, 52.
in the economic policies of
the United States, IV, 353.
in the expansion of the United
States, IV, 298.
in the framing of the consti-
tution, IV, 108.
in the interpretation of the
constitution, IV, 442.
in the Revolutionary War,
IV, 65.
in the war for Southern in-
dependence, IV, 499.
in the wars of the United
States, 1789-1860, IV, 258.
in war and diplomacy, 1865-
1909, IV, 646.
is content with agriculture in-
stead of embracing indus-
trialism, X, 211.
isolation of, X, 211.
Jewish contribution to statis-
tics of crime practically
negligible, X, 158.
Jewish poor sustained by their
own race, X, 565.
Jews in, X, 151.
Jews take part in politics in,
X, 152.
Judaism, influence of, X, 552,
533.
kindergartens in, X, 380.
kindergartens, statistics of
growth of, X, 385.
labor organizations in, V, 144-
146; VI, 36-40.
large number of farms tilled
under tenant system, X, 610.
largest producer of tobacco
in the world, V, 166,
lawlessness in, after Civil
War, IV, 615.
law writers of, VII, 326.
leadership of, in the estab-
lishment of institutions of
higher learning for girls, X,
276.
legal education in, X, 323.
library administration is weak,
X, 233.
liquor traffic, early history of,
in, X, 568.
local option in, X, 572.
200
INDEX.
South, The, local preachers not
allowed to retail spirituous
liquors, X, 570.
long political predominance
of, V, 667.
Lutherans in, X, 430, 434.
lynchings in, X, 579.
manufactures in, V, 299 et seq.
manufactures in, before I860,
scarcity of, IV, 185.
manufacturers of, in 1860, IV,
189.
material side of college in-
struction poorly provided
for, X, 233.
medical colleges in, X, 305.
medical colleges in, accom-
plishments of, X, 309.
medical colleges in, equip-
ment and curriculum of, X,
306.
medical colleges in, rank of,
X, 308.
medical colleges, state aid to,
X, 308.
medical education in, X, 303.
Methodist institutions in, X,
226.
Methodists, activities of, in,
X, 433. ^
mineral deposits of, V, 3, 4,
6, 8.
mining industry in, V, 275-
298.
missionary movement, the
laymen's, X, 500.
missionary spirit in, X, 436.
misunderstood, I, xxi.
more colleges for women
needed in, X, 270.
more conservative than North,
IV, 487.
movements of population in,
V, 2.
native-born white people, il-
literacy of, X, 403.
natural and artificial encour-
agements to production in,
V, 26-28.
natural resources of, V, 1.
natural resources of, and the
future, VI, 635 et seq.
need of a native medical serv-
ice felt, X, 304.
negro, the, in, X, 166.
South, The, negro education,
change of public sentiment
concerning, X, 419.
negro ministry, schools for,
X. 318.
negro folk-lore in, VII, 64.
negroes, normal schools for,
in 1907, X, 298.
new and old, relations of, VI,
479.
New England's moral and in-
tellectual influence in, VII,
297.
New England's social and cul-
tural influence on, VII, 298.
new historical writers of, VII,
110.
new magazines of, VII, 36.
new poets of, VII, 36.
noble sectionalism in, X, 576.
no fixed social barriers in, X,
402.
non-sectarian colleges and
universities in, X, 253.
normal and industrial colleges
in, X, 264.
normal education in, X, 294.
normal school, new type of,
in, X, 300.
normal schools, development
and struggles of, in, X, 299.
normal schools in 1907, X, 298.
not troubled by the great the-
ological controversies of the
day, X, 428.
number of ambassadors fur-
nished by, IV, 296.
oldest United States settle-
ments in, V, 12.
old methods of education in,
VII, 117.
opposition of, to new colonial
policy of England, 1763-1767,
IV, 42.
organized benevolence in, X,
435.
origin of slavery system in,
IV, 198.
physical features of, V, 1.
physicians, limited number of,
up to the end of the War of
Secession, X, 309.
Piedmont plateau of, V, 5.
pig lead production in, V, 10.
plantation of, a combination
of the English village and
factory, X, 108.
INDEX.
201
South, The, planters of, wide
agricultural knowledge of,
X, 366.
political leaders furnished by,
IV, 328.
political leaders furnished by,
1789-1860, IV, 331.
political parties since 1860,
IV, 630.
political oratory of, IX, 87.
poor equipment of tenant
farms in, X, 610.
population of, since 1860, VI,
601 et seq.
population of, to 1865, V, 606
et seq.
position of, to-day on interpre-
tation of constitution, IV,
468.
potential future of, X, 346.
pottery in, X, 697.
Presbyterian church in, the
three ideals of, X, 458.
Presbyterian institutions in,
X, 226.
Presbyterians in, activities of,
X, 432.
present condition of, I, lii.'
prison labor in, V, 131.
prosperity of, in 1850-1860, IV,
173.
Protestantism and high civic
ideals in, X, 536.
Protestantism, kinds of, in, X,
527.
public education after the war,
X, 409.
public high schools in, X, 279.
radical misrule in, 1868-1872,
IV, 608.
railroad construction in, X,
655.
railroad development in, IV,
170.
railroads in, V, 354, 357, 358
et seq.
rapid development of popula-
tion in, V, 111.
readjustment of political rights
in, after Civil War, IV, 559.
recent progress in public edu-
cation, X, 410.
reconciliation of localism and
nationalism, X, 213.
religious liberty, development
of, in, X, 465.
religious life of, the, X, 428.
South, The, religious life adapt-
ing itself to new conditions,
X, 486.
religious movements in, X,
453.
religious situation, the, com-
plicated by presence of vast
numbers of negroes, X, 429.
remedy, primary, for the im-
provement of rural condi-
tions, X, 604.
resorts to secession in opposi-
tion to nationality, X, 211.
resources of, in 1861, IV, 500.
resources of, compared to
North, IV, 545.
results of colonial land sys-
tem in, V, 49-53.
results of English studies in,
VII, 134.
Revolutionary grievances com-
paratively small, V, 28.
rise of the "solid," IX, 425.
Roman Catholics in, X, 430,
431.
rural economic forces of, V,
19.
rural schools, attempt to
grade, X, 416.
school improvement leagues
in, X, 218.
school term, average length,
in, X, 290.
school terms, length of, in, X,
412.
science in, VII, 286.
sculpture in, X, 681.
secondary education in, X, 271.
segregation of races in, V, 107.
serious task of, in trying to
reconcile two diverse races,
X, xxvii.
situation, the, in, eminently
favorable to religious growth,
X, 434.
skillful evangelists in all de-
nominations of, X, 319.
slave labor firmly fixed upon,
by 1820, V, 109.
slave trade in, IV, 293.
slavery localized in, V, 106.
small proportion of taxable
wealth to school population
in, X, 427.
social and economic condi-
tions in, after Civil War, IV,
579.
203
INDEX.
South, The, social conditions in
18th century, V, 20.
social life under British influ-
ences in, V, 30-32.
social movements in, X, 567.
social settlements in, X, 614.
social tendencies in, X, 654.
sociological and kindred
studies, comparative neglect
of, in, X, 320.
soils of, V, 4, 7, 9.
Spanish in, X, 126.
Spanish colonies always under
military and ecclesiastical
rule in, X, 126.
Spanish influences in, X, 61.
state governments organized
in, IV, 72.
state institutions admitting
women in, X, 254.
statement of rights of seces-
sion of, IV, 500.
state support of high schools
in, X, 277.
state university, the, rapid
growth of, to power, in, X,
242.
statistics of, in 1861, IV, 501.
Sunday School, the, in, X, 492.
taking command of colonies
through Virginia, VII, 272.
tardy acceptance of policy of
compulsory school attend-
ance in, X, 421.
task of national integration in,
X, 213.
task of racial adjustment in,
X, 213.
technical education in, X, 345.
temperance reform in, X, 574.
theological education in, X,
312.
theological schools in, X, 312.
three educational advances of,
X, 215.
three tasks of, X, 212.
tobacco culture in, V, 14, 26,
153, 158 et seq.
trade and manufactures unde-
veloped in 17th century in,
V, 27.
traditions of, tended away
from the democracy of the
public school, X, 400.
trend of life toward the eco-
nomic ideal in, X, 669.
South, The, troops of, in Mex-
ican War, IV, 274.
Trusteeism in, X, 542.
two groups of statesmen in, X,
111.
unanimity of aim and effort
in expansion of education in,
X, 217.
under British administration,
V, 29.
universities admitting women
in, X, 263.
Upper and Lower, differences
between, in climate, soil and
products.
votes the sum of $200,000,000
since 1870 for the education
of the negro, X, 291.
wealth of, V, 624 et seq; VI,
614 et seq.
welded by sorrow, X, xxv.
why it revolted against Eng-
land, V, 32.
why negroes were imported
into, V, 19.
why outstripped by New Eng-
land in industrial progress,
literature and educational ad-
vance, X, 112.
woman's work in, X, 622.
women's club houses in, X,
633.
women's colleges having no
fixed standards in, X, 266.
women, education of, in, X,
421.
women in the early communi-
ties skilled in the treatment
of disease, X, 304.
work of Humphrey in univer-
sities of. VII, 147.
Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation and the development
of, in, X, 482.
Young Women's Christian As-
sociation in, X, 635.
See also Lower South and
Upper South.
"South Does Not Seek to Ag-
grandize Herself, The,"
speech by Yancey, IX, 337.
Souths, two, prior to railways,
V, 75.
Southern agriculturist, the, X,
360.
associations and institutions,
special aid of, VII, 514.
INDEX.
203
Southern Baptists and the Lay-
men's Missionary Movement,
X, 505.
Catholicity, the future of, X,
549.
club women, X, 632.
colonies, land systems of, V,
43 et seq.
colonies, population of, in
1776, V, 18.
colonies, slaves in, 1776, V, 18.
colonies, their large agricul-
tural domain, V, 34.
colonies, their rapid expan-
sion, V, 36.
Confederacy, hopes of its lead-
ers based on cotton and
European commercial policy,
V, 391.
conservatism in doctrinal
matters, X, 320.
contributions to natural his-
tory, VII, 238.
culture, contributions of New
England to, VII, 295.
editors, by G.'F. Mellen, VII,
470.
educational history, VII, 112.
educational institutions, con-
tracted curricula of, X, 233.
English scholars' studies at
Leipzig, VII, 127.
fiction not sectional, VIII,
Ixiv.
historical societies, by Colyer
Meriwether, VII, 511.
history, need of, I, xxii.
humor, ante-bellum, VII, 72.
ideals, IX, x.
industrial activity, commence-
ment of, X, 23.
influence in the North since
the war, VII, 278.
influence on New York City,
VII, 294.
influence upon Northern cul-
ture, beginning of, VII, 272.
intellect and statesmanship
dominant in public affairs, X,
206.
inter-colonial relations, IV, 1.
interest in education, X, 285.
journalists, VII, 429.
law schoools, advancement of
requirements for admission
and for graduation, X, 343.
law writers, VII, 327, 337.
Southern lawyers, influence of,
VII, 341.
lawyers of influence, VII, 346,
351; X, 324.
libraries owned by private in-
dividuals, VII, 486.
life and culture, influence of
bench and bar upon, VII, 340.
magazines, VII, 437, 451.
men as workers in North, VII,
280.
men in editorial work in
North, VII, 279.
men in financial circles of
North, VII, 282.
men in politics in North, VII,
279.
men in professions in North,
VII, 279.
Methodists, activities of, X,
433.
Methodists and the Laymen's
Missionary Movement, X,
507.
Methodists, marked religious
activity of the women, X, 433.
mountaineers, characteristics
of, X, 621.
mountaineers, rapid increase
of, X, 621.
mountaineers, their services in
wars, X, 621.
negroes, missionary work
among, X, 511.
normal schools, fine college
spirit of, X, 302.
orators, leading, IX, 101.
oratory during the Federal pe-
riod, IX, 30.
oratory during the Civil War
period, IX, 53.
oratory during the Revolution,
IX, 11.
oratory edited by Watson,
Vol. IX.
oratory of the bench and bar,
IX, 103.
"outrages," issue of, made in
North, IV, 618.
papers to pass the century
mark, VII, 426.
physicians prominent in pro-
fession, VII, 370.
planter, life and characteristics
of, X, 21.
204
INDEX.
Southern poetry, characteristics
of, VII, 1.
poetry, since the war of se-
cession, VII, 25.
population, a product of many
nationalities, V, 19.
ports, growth of, V, 412 et seq.
Presbyterians and the Lay-
men's Missionary Movement,
X, 503.
press, the, VII, 402.
press, during the Reconstruc-
tion period, VII, 434.
Protestantism, particular as-
pects of, X, 533.
pulpit, the, X, 509.
pulpit, eloquence of the, IX,
68.
pulpit oratory, IX, 128.
question, the Whigs and Dem-
ocrats agree upon, X, 30.
scholars in the North, VII,
159.
schools of medicine, their
value to the nation, X, 310.
school, the counterpart of
society, X, 215.
standard for negro, VII, 524.
states, assumption of debts
of, by the United States, IV,
355.
states, constitutions passed in
1868, IV, 603.
states, governors of the, III,
471.
states, Revolutionary soldiers
furnished by, IV, 86.
statesmen in American his-
tory, I, xxxiv.
statesmen in national life, II,
63.
technical education begins
with Morrill Act, X, 352.
theological education, charac-
teristics and results of, X,
318.
universities and colleges
closed by the war of seces-
sion, X, 228.
university, need of a, X, 236.
view of United States govern-
ment, I, xxxvi.
woman, her fitness for educa-
tional work, X, 639.
woman, her special training
for an educational propa-
ganda, X, 639.
Southern woman, in early co-
lonial days, X, 622.
woman, in literature, X, 636.
women influencing society of
North, VII, 281.
writers before the war, VIII,
xi.
writers contributing to "Lit-
erary Messenger," VII, 445.
writers, estimate of, by Lon-
don "Westminster Review,"
VII, 80.
writers in North, VII, 288.
writings before the war, VII,
285.
young women, education of,
X, 385.
youths, exodus of, to North
after war, VII, 282.
"Southern Agriculturist," VII,
176.
"Southern and Western Maga-
zine," edited by Simms.
Southern Association of College
Women, X, 641.
Southern Baptist Convention, X,
432, 433.
Southern Baptist Theological
Seminary, X, 313.
"Southern Collegian," VII, 128.
Southern Commercial Conven-
tion, its recommendations to
commission merchants, V,
460.
Southern Cotton Oil Company,
VI, 290.
Southern Cross of Honor, the,
X, 630.
Southern Educational Associa-
tion, Lexington meeting of,
X, 419.
Southern Education Board, the,
X, 217, 391.
"Southern Hero of the New
Type, A," by Glasgow, VIII,
370.
Southern Historical Association,
VII, 517.
Southern Historical Society,
VII, 516; X, 631.
Southern Immigration Associa-
tion, VI, 588.
"Southern Institutes," by Saw-
yer, VII, 184.
Southern Kindergarten Associa-
tion and its motto, X, 383.
INDEX.
205
"Southern Literary Gazette."
VII, 451.
"Southern Literary Messenger,"
VII, 27, 29, 79; VIII, xii.
edited by Bagby, VII, 84.
edited by Poe, VII, 122.
edited by Thompson, VII, 18.
founded by Thomas M. White,
VII, 437.
reestablished, VII, 469.
"Southern Magazine," VII, 86,
437; VIII, xlviii.
Southern Methodist Church,
creditable educational work
of, X, 235.
"Southern Planter, The," agri-
cultural influence of, VI, 537.
"Southern Quarterly Review,"
VII, 452.
founding of, in 1842, IV, 178.
"Southern Review," founded by
A. T. Bledsoe, X, 520; IV,
162.
first magazine, VII, 437.
organ of the old order, VI,
546.
"Southern States, The, Their
Social and Industrial His-
tory, Conditions and Needs,"
by Trenholm, VII, 188.
Southern Terra-Cotta Works,
the, Atlanta, Ga., X, 706.
"Southern Writers," by Basker-
ville, VIII, Iv; VII, 71.
Southerner, old, probable ex-
tinction of, X, 549.
sensitive to criticism, X, 21.
strength of character of, X, 31.
Southall, J. P. C., "Geometrical
Theory of Optical Imagery,"
VII, 237.
"Theory of Optical Instru-
ments," VII, 237.
South America, independence of
republics is recognized, IV,
288.
prospective Southern market
in, VI, 642.
republics of, IV, 288.
republics of, commercial treat-
ies with, V, 386.
Southampton, Earl of, made
treasurer of Virginia, IV, 21.
South Atlantic States, land sys-
tems of, V, 43 et seq.
"South Atlantic Quarterly," VII,
466.
historical writings in, VII, 521.
SOUTH CAROLINA
Affect of nullification contro-
versy in, upon Alabama, II,
278.
agriculture, II, 108.
aids North Carolina against
the Tuscaroras, II, 14.
ante-bellum statesmen, TI, 61.
a state in the Union, II, 39.
attempt at Spanish coloniza-
tion, III, 5.
attitude of church in, toward
the Revolution, X, 444.
attitude toward slaves, II, 46.
banking, II, 59; V, 461, 465.
battle of Cowpens, II, 34.
beginning of Civil War hostil-
ities in, II, 81.
beginnings of public school
system, X, 202.
bills of credit issued in, V, 533,
534.
"Black Code," II, 97.
boundary dispute with Geor-
gia, II, 151.
boundary line with North Car-
olina settled, IV, 15.
boundary question with North
Carolina, I, 463; II, 65.
bounties for encouragement of
production in, V, 27.
Church of England established
in, II, 21.
cities, the center of social life,
X, 109.
colonial industries, II, 22.
colonial manners and customs,
II, 24.
colonial relations with North
Carolina, IV, 14.
colonial taxation in, V, 532.
comes to aid of North Caro-
lina in Indian wars, I, 434.
conditions after Revolution,
II, 39.
conditions at close of war, II,
92.
conditions during war, II, 88.
Congressional plan of recon-
struction, II, 99.
constitution of 1865, II, 113.
constitution of 1868, II, 115.
constitution of 1895, II, 116.
INDEX.
South Carolina, contribution to
the Southern cause, II, 86.
convention of 1860, II, 73.
cordial relations with North
Carolina, I, 434, 435.
cosmopolitan nature of popu-
lation, X, 103.
cotton manufacture in, V, 203.
cotton mills, II, 107.
cotton-seed industry, II, 106.
debt of, assumed by the
United States, V, 534.
decline of the rice industry
in, VI, 15.
denominational colleges in,
II, 120.
double aristocracy in, V, 17.
drainage of swamps in, VI,
554.
dual government in, II, 99.
early corn export, V, 216.
early hostilities with Florida,
III, 14.
early political faith, II, 54.
early progress in manufac-
tures, II, 49.
early religious life, II, 20.
early visits to, and explora-
tions in, II, 1.
editors of note, VII, 476.
education, II, 50, 116.
emigration past and present,
II, 105.
era of military and negro rule,
II, 95.
export of rice from, V, 393.
exports and imports, II, 58.
exports at time of Revolution,
II, 17.
farmers' movement of 1890,
II, 115.
farmers' unions, II, 104.
Federal and interstate rela-
tions, II, 64.
female colleges in, II, 121.
financial history of, since 1876,
VI, 515.
first attack upon British, II,
29.
first constitution of 1790, II,
52.
first free school established
in, X, 187.
first in standing of news-
papers, VII, 416.
first musical association, II,
25.
South Carolina, first newspaper,
II, 25.
first public library, II, 25.
first railroads, II, 57, 58.
first rice brought to, V, 169.
first settlers in, V, 16.
first state superintendent of
public schools, work of, X,
399.
first talk of secession in, 1844,
II, 70.
formally separated f r o r*
North Carolina, II, 15.
forms independent state, II,
30.
forty-four inhabitants of, ad-
mitted to London bar, X,
201.
gold mining in, V, 280.
great increase of manufactur-
ing in, VI, 477.
great influence of, in Stamp
Act Congress, IV, 50.
growing political tension, II,
70.
growth of population to 1790,
V, 17.
growth of public schools, II,
119.
growth of towns, II, 103.
growth of values in, VI, 517.
history of, II, 1.
hostilities at Charleston, II,
31, 33.
increase in state debt during
Reconstruction, II, 100.
increase of slavery, II, 45.
indigent lunatic slaves in, X,
598.
indigo culture, II, 17; V, 178.
influence of Mexican War
upon, II, 71.
interior settlements, II, 18.
internal improvements, II, 57.
in the Civil War, II, 88.
in the Confederacy, II, 75.
in the Revolution, II, 31.
invaded by French and Span-
iards in 1706, IV, 16.
invasion of Northern manu-
factures, II, 51.
Johnson's plan of reconstruc-
tion, II, 96.
Johnson, Robert, asks aid for
colonization of Georgia, II,
123.
INDEX.
207
South Carolina, labor conditions
in colony, II, 23.
lack of immigration to, II,
104.
leading part played by, in
Stamp Act Congress, IV, 49.
legislature makes grant in aid
of erection of a school house
in every parish, X, 187.
"Liberty Tree" Party, II, 28.
list of governors, III, 475.
losses of, during Revolution-
ary War, IV, 75.
marriage and divorce laws, II,
104.
methods of rice farming in,
VI, 75.
military rule established, II,
98.
mill villages, II, 103.
natural resources, II, 16, 22.
negro legislators, II, 101.
new industries, II, 105.
new political conditions, II,
111.
new social conditions, II, 102.
nullification in, IX, 335.
occupation by English, II, 6.
officers in Revolutionary
army, portraits, facing, II, 38. .
officers in Southern army, II,
87.
opposition to stamp act, II,
27.
opposition to tariff acts, 1832,
IV, 371.
ordinance of secession, II, 79.
ordinance of nullification, II,
77.
organizes Provincial Con-
gress, II, 28.
phosphate industry in, II, 106;
VI, 212.
physicians in war, VII, 358.
pitch, tar, and timber exported
from, V, 259.
political controversies of 1832,
II, 67.
population, II, 41.
population in 1700, II, 15.
ports of, V, 413.
post-bellum finances of, VI,
514.
position of, defined by Legare,
IX, 271.
power plants and companies,
II, 107.
South Carolina, prohibition in,
II, 104.
proprietary government, II, 9.
public debt of, V, 535.
rapacity of Northern troops,
II, 88.
"red shirt campaign" of 1876,
II, 102.
relations with Florida, IV, 15.
relations with North Carolina,
II, 13.
resolution toward law-making,
II, 26.
revenue, sources of, VI, 518.
Revolutionary battles in, II,
35.
Revolutionary debt of, II, 65.
rice and indigo, II, 22.
rice exported, II, 16.
rice, great cultivation of, V,
170 et seq.
scholarships in, X, 301.
sea-island cotton introduced
into, V, 200.
secession declared, II, 73; IV,
466.
second cotton manufacturing
state, V, 549; VI, 478.
senators and congressmen
elect refused their seats, II,
97.
sends delegates to first Conti-
nental Congress, II, 28.
separation from North Caro-
lina, I, 422, 433.
servants and slaves in, V, 99.
settlement of Port Royal,
11,2.
share in early export trade,
II, 76.
share in forming Confederate
government, II, 80.
share in fomenting the Revo-
lution, IX, 25.
Sherman's raid through, II, 84.
slave revolts in, IV, 235.
slavery in, II, 23; V, 99.
slaves during war, II, 90.
State Agricultural Society,
first in the South, V, 552.
state bank of 1812, II, 59.
State Board of Public Works
established, IV, 163.
state finances of, 532-536; VI,
514-518.
statesmen in Revolution, II,
35.
208
INDEX.
South Carolina, superior wool
of, V, 248.
tariff of 1833, II, 69.
tariff on imports and exports
in, V, 533.
tariff war, IX, 301.
taxable property of, in 1860,
V, 535.
tea party of 1773, II, 28.
test oath of 1832, II, 68.
third Southern state to ratify
constitution, IV, 130.
three conventions, 1865, 1868,
1895, II, 111.
throws off proprietary gov-
ernment, II, 14.
transportation problems, II,
55.
trouble with Indians and
Spaniards, II, 10.
two farming classes, II, 44.
universal white suffrage in
1810, II, 53.
whites and negroes in, V, 99.
widespread poverty before
Civil War, II, 51.
withdrawal of Federal troops
from, II, 102.
women in the Confederacy,
X, 631.
South Carolina Agricultural So-
ciety, V, 155.
first to offer prizes for live-
stock, V, 248.
South Carolina College, II, 50;
VII, 301; X, 201.
"South Carolina Country Jour-
nal," VII, 417.
"South Carolina Doctrine, The,"
speech by Hayne, IX, 342.
"South Carolina Exposition,"
by Calhoun, II, 66.
"South Carolina Gazette," the,
II, 25; VII, 416.
"South Carolina General Ameri-
can Gazette," VII, 417.
South Carolina Historical So-
ciety, VII, 512.
"South Carolina, History of,"
by McCrady, VII, 100.
"South Carolina, History of,"
by Ramsay, VII, 176.
South Carolina Hospital Aid
Association, X, 625.
"South Carolina Journal," pub-
lished by Eleazar Phillips,
VII, 470.
South Carolina Military Acad-
emy, X, 246.
South Carolina Rights Associa-
tion, II, 71.
South Carolina Society, X, 286.
"South Carolina, Statistics of,"
by Robert Mills, VII, 175.
South Carolina, University of,
economic teaching at, VI, 548.
"South Carolina, View of," by
Dray ton, VII, 176.
South Mountain, battle of, I, 206.
"Southward Ho," by Simms,
VII, 189.
Southwest, the, advantage of the.
Mississippi to, V, 339.
benefit of petroleum to, VI,
186.
convention of, its action on
manufactures, V, 317.
expansion of cotton industry
in, V, 113.
extension of slavery into, V,
110, 661.
rapid development of, V, 110.
Southwestern Baptist Theologi-
cal Seminary, the, X, 314.
Southwestern Baptist Univer-
sity, Tennessee, X, 204.
Southwestern Presbyterian Uni-
versity, Clarksville, Tenn., X,
232.
Southwestern University, Texas,
111, 394; X, 232.
Southworth, Emma Dorothy
Eliza ("Nevitte"), author,
life of, XII, 411.
Spaight, Richard Dobbs (1), leg-
islator, life of, XII, 413.
Spaight, Richard Dobbs (2), law-
yer, life of, XII, 413.
Spain, American discriminating
duty against, VI, 380.
decline of sea power, X, 130.
early opposition to, I, 3.
first to use slavery in Ameri-
can colonies, V, 105.
settles Florida, Texas, New
Mexico, and California, X,
126.
treaty with, of 1795, IV, 281.
treaty with, of 1819, IV, 286.
United States commercial
treaty with, VI, 381.
war with, caused by Cuban in-
justices, IV, 649.
INDEX.
209
Spalding, Martin John, bishop,
life of, XII, 414.
Spanish-American countries,
treaties with, V, 389.
Spanish-American War, the,
Alabama in, II, 322.
Arkansas in, III, 331.
its stimulus to Southern com-
merce, VI, 383.
Spanish boundaries on the gulf
defined, II, 262.
civilization, characteristics of,
X, 438.
explorers, IV, 1.
explorers in Arkansas, III,
263.
galleons captured, IV, 3.
in Alabama, II, 246.
in Georgia, II, 127.
in South Carolina, II, 10.
in Texas, III, 342.
influences in the South, X, 61.
rule in Arkansas, III, 271.
treatment of, by Jackson, IX,
217.
Speakers of the House of Rep-
resentatives, Southern, I,
xxxv.
Speculation, rage for, V, 436.
trade, VI, 574 et seq.
Specie payment, resumption of,
IV, 358; VI, 95.
"Speech Before the Union
Party," by Legare, IX, 271.
"Speech on the Seminole War,"
by Clay, IX, 193.
"Speedwell," the, brings royal
stamps to Georgia, II, 140.
Speer, Emory, jurist, life of,
XII, 415.
Spindles, number of, in the
South, VI, 260, 280, 283, 284,
286, 287.
Spinning, taught in Virginia, V,
248.
"Spinster, A," by Kennedy,
VIII, 137.
"Spirit of the Times," edited by
W. T. Porter, VII, 82.
"Spoils System," extent of, in
Federal offices, IV, 620.
Sponges, Southern export of, VI,
169.
Southern yield of, VI, 162, 169.
Spotswood, Alexander, gover-
nor, life of, XII, 416.
14
Spotswood, Alexander, d i s -
covers iron ore on the Rap-
idan, and settles Germanna,
X, 140.
explores West Virginia, I,
335.
governor of Virginia, I, 36.
in the iron industry, X, 73.
takes possession of Shenan-
doah Valley region for the
English king, X, 105.
Spotswood, Mrs., and her tame
deer, X, 69.
Sprague, Frank F., pioneer in
street railway equipment, VI,
318.
Sprague, John T., military gov-
ernor of Florida, III, 65.
Springhill College, Alabama, X,
250.
Squatter sovereignty doctrine
in Democratic platform, 1852,
IV, 462.
Squatters, right of preemption
demanded by, V, 71.
states considerate of, V, 71.
Squeteague, Southern yield of,
VI, 160.
Stamp Act of 1765, the, IV, 44.
denunciation of, in colonies,
IV, 48.
opposition of combined colo-
nies forces its repeal, IV, 50.
protests against, by colonies,
IV, 45.
repeal of, IV, 50.
resisted in North Carolina,
IX, 7.
resisted in Virginia, I, 74;
IX, 14.
Southern colonies protest
against, IV, 45.
Stamp Act Congress, the, IV,
48.
encourages the colonies to re-
sist Great Britain, IV, 50.
Stanard, genealogist, VII, 113.
Standard Oil Company, convic-
tions of, VI, 460, 461.
Stanton, Frank Lebby, journalist
and poet, life of, XII, 417.
Staples, soil, exhausted by, V,
153, 156.
"Stars and Stripes, The," oration
by Hill, IX, 354.
"Star in the Valley, The," by
Murfree, VIII, 290.
210
INDEX.
"Star of the West," capture of,
III, 410.
fired upon in Charleston har-
bor, II, 82.
"Star-Spangled Banner, The," by
Key, VII, 19.
circumstances of writing, I,
194.
State, a, denned by Pinkney,
IX, 238.
State Agricultural College, the,
should be a part of the state
government, X, 378.
State debts, assumption of, by
United States, IV, 355; V, 68.
problem of meeting, VI, 334.
State Library Associations, VII,
502.
State Normal School, near
Athens, Ga., X, 244.
State sovereignty, doctrine of,
IV, 348.
and nationality, conflict be-
tween, V, 656.
Southern views of, II, 76.
(See States' Rights.)
State surveys of South, VII, 253.
State universities, list of, X, 255-
258.
States, admission of new, IX,
180.
conditions in those employ-
ing bulk of child labor, X,
587.
States' Rights, the doctrine of,
Calhoun on, IV, 481.
causes of secession, IV, 485.
early debate upon, I, 105.
first discussed by Patrick
Henry at formation of con-
stitution, IX, 177.
how affected by war, I, xliv.
Jefferson's views on, IV, 482.
judiciary on, IV, 483.
Legare on, IX, 277.
Madison's views on, IV, 482.
Martin's views upon, IX, 180.
Northern view on, IV, 484.
Southern view on, IV, 484.
Supreme Court decisions on,
IV, 469.
the dominant political note
for forty years, IX, 36.
the Supreme Court upon, IX,
339.
States' Rights, when first enun-
ciated, I, xxxvii.
Statistics, economic, in the
South, V, 563.
Statuary, collection of, in Presi-
dent Madison's home, X, 684.
Staves, white and red oak used
for, V, 261.
Stay-laws, futility of, V, 436.
Steamboats, destruction of, in
the Civil War, VI, 2.
development of the Southwest
by aid of, V, 110.
first, on Mississippi, II, 367;
III, 114.
first, to reach St. Louis, III,
207.
on Western rivers, v, 408.
river, recent growth in traffic
of, VI, 326.
"Steam Engine and the Railroad,
The," by Wallace, VII, 207.
Steam engine, the, use of, in
agriculture, V, 81.
Steamers, coastwise, chief lines
of, VI, 326.
increased size of, VI, 325.
"Steamers Crossing the Atlantic,
Laws for," by Maury, VII,
233.
Steam vessels, large increase of,
on rivers, VI, 332.
Stearns, Shubael, influence as a
preacher, IX, 133.
Steedman, Charles, naval officer,
life of, XII, 418.
Steel, recent Southern manu-
facture of, VI, 229; VI, 278.
Steel industry, Southern, benefit
of the Panama Canal to, VI,
645.
Steele, R. B., writer for classical
journals, VII, 156.
Steele, General, in Civil War,
III, 313.
Stein's edict, in Prussia, abolish-
ing serfdom, X, 209.
Steiner, Bernard C., on the prov-
ince of Maryland, I, 149.
on Maryland from 1865 to
1909, I, 210.
Stephens, Alexander Hamilton,
statesman, life of, XII, 419.
career of, IX, 57; X, 700.
INDEX.
Stephens, Alexander Hamilton,
"Constitutional View of the
War Between the States,"
VII, 107, 195, 332.
contrasted with Hill and
Toombs, IX, 62.
eulogy of Lincoln, IX, 57.
governor of Georgia, II, 230;
X, 100.
in national politics, II, 168.
letter of, to James Thomas,
facing, XII, 420.
on "The Admission of Ore-
gon," IX, 402.
oratorical style, IX, 57.
portrait, facing, II, 180; IX,
402.
residence of, ("Liberty Hall"),
facing, XII, 418.
vice president of the Confed-
eracy, II, 177, 180.
Stephens, Linton, jurist and sol-
dier, life of, XII, 421.
Stephens, William, provincial
president of Georgia, II, 132.
Sterrett, John R. S., editor of
"Iliad," VII, 159.
educator, VII, 154.
Stetson (John B.) University,
Florida, X, 232.
Stevens Brothers, and their pot-
tery near Milledgeville, Ga.,
X, 701.
Stevens, Edward, in the Revolu-
tion, I, 93.
Stevens, P. F., in the Civil War,
II, 82.
Stevens, Thaddeus, attitude to-
ward South, I, xlviii.
Stevens, Thomas Holdup, naval
officer, life of, XII, 422.
Stevens, W. Le Conte, scientist,
VII, 237.
Stevenson, Charles H., on fish-
eries in the ante-bellum
South, V, 267-271.
on the condition of fisheries
in the South, VI, 158 et seq.
on pearl fisheries in the South,
V, 271; VI, 166.
Steuben, Baron von, in com-
mand in Virginia, I, 96.
Stewart, Alexander P., General,
life of, XII, 423.
Stewart, Anthony, and the stamp
act, IX, 25.
Stewart, Dugald, aids Gilmer in
choosing faculty of Univer-
sity of Virginia, X, 55.
Stewart, Thos. H., publisher of
"Kentucky Herald," VII, 422.
Stiles, Charles Wardell, on the
industrial conditions of the
tenant class (white and
black) as influenced by the
medical conditions, VI, 594
et seq.
Still, copper, introduction of,
V, 259.
Stith, William, historian, life of,
XII, 425.
"Virginia," VII, 94.
Stock-raising, in Texas, III, 426.
Stoddard, Amos, receives trans-
fer of Missouri to United
States, III, 194.
Stoddard, Benjamin, becomes
first secretary of the navy,
IV, 260.
Stokes, Benjamin M., publisher
of "Mississippi Gazette,"
VII, 419.
Stone, Alfred Holt, planter and
author, life of, XII, 425.
historian, VII, 110, 112.
on free contract labor in the
ante-bellum South, V, 134 et
seq.
on the influence of the factor-
age system, VI, 345 et seq.
on the influence of the fac-
torage system, foreign and
domestic, on Southern agri-
culture, V, 398 et seq.
on the negro in relation to
Southern progress, VI, 651,
et seq.
on the political effects of the
war, IV, 553.
quoted on slavery system, IV,
192.
Stone, Barton Warren, religious
work of, X, 517.
Stone, John M., governor of
Mississippi, II, 443.
reference to, II, 460.
Stone, Ormond, astronomer,
VII, 212.
founder of "Annals of Mathe-
matics," VII, 213.
Stone, Thomas, in the Revolu-
tion, IX, 25.
212
INDEX.
Stone, building and ornamental,
VI, 197 et seq.
in the Piedmont plateau, VI,
198.
Stones, precious, Southern pro-
duction of, VI, 238.
Stoneware, manufacture of, VI,
210.
Stores, cooperative, in Southern
states, VI, 581.
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, "Uncle
Tom's Cabin," effect on anti-
slavery movement, IV, 414.
Strawberries, production of, VI,
24.
"Stray Yankee in Texas," by
Hammett, VII, 72.
Stream gaging, VI, 563.
Street car system, the first, in
the United States, X, 654.
Street railways, see Railways,
street.
Streight, A. D., raid of, II, 191.
"Strength of Materials," by Rog-
ers, VII, 236.
Strider, John P., educator, VII,
128.
Strikes, labor, in the South, VI,
37, 39, 40.
Strong, Josiah, X, 507.
Stuart, Alexander Hugh Holmes,
statesman, life of, XII, 426.
Stuart, Gilbert, on Houdon's
statue of Washington, X, 683.
Stuart, James Ewell Brown, sol-
dier, life of, XII, 427.
monument to, facing, I, 122.
portrait, facing, XII, 428.
Stuart, Ruth McEnery, author,
life of, XII, 429.
portrait, facing, VIII, Ixii.
references to, VII, 323; X, 636.
Stubbs, William Carter, educa-
tor, life of, XII, 429.
on sugar products in the
South, V, 184-197; VI, 78-86.
Student Volunteer Movement,
X, 500.
Student Young Men's Christian
Association, the first, X, 485.
"Studies in Civil Law," by Howe,
VII, 336.
"Studies in English," by Schele
De Vere, VII, 131.
Suffrage, restriction of, in South-
ern colonies, IV, 37.
Sugar, attempted manufacture
of, V, 184.
Cuban crops of, V, 188, 194.
house, coal first used as fuel
in the, V, 195.
planting, in Georgia, V, 187.
products in the South, V, 184-
197; VI, 78-86.
reduced production of, due to
rice culture, VI, 76.
refining of, V, 195.
revenue on, V, 193-195.
tariff on, VI, 82.
Sugar Act of 1764, the, IV, 44.
Sugar Exchange, in New Or-
leans, VI, 84.
Sugar experiment station, VI, 84.
Sugar industry, the, appropria-
tion for, by Congress, V, 188.
capital represented in, VI, 80.
Civil War disastrous to, V,
192, 197.
cost of machinery and supplies
in, VI, 85.
destroyed by the Civil War,
VI, 79.
development of, V, 190-193.
development after the Civil
War, VI, 79.
economic results of, VI, 84.
expeditions in aid of, V, 188.
foreign encouragement of, V,
^382.
importance of central factories
in, VI, 78, 83.
importations of cane for seed
in, VI, 80.
improved machinery and
methods in, VI, 78.
improved methods and trans-
portation, V, 195.
injured by crevasses and over-
flows, VI, 81.
in Louisiana, III, 16, 19; V, 186.
permanent legislation needed
by, VI, 79.
requires products of all other
industries, V, 197.
steam power introduced in, V,
195.
wide distribution of money ob-
tained from, VI, 85.
wide distribution of products,
V, 197.
Sugar Planters' Association, VI,
84.
INDEX.
213
Sugar cane, brought from De-
merara, V, 188.
Creole or Malabar variety of,
V, 186.
cultivation of, on both banks
of the Mississippi, VI, 76.
imported for seed, VI, 80.
its culture introduced, VI, 38.
introduction in the South, V,
184.
striped and purple varieties
of, V, 187.
Tahiti variety of, V, 187.
Sulphur, Southern production
of, VI, 246.
Summary of Rights, I, 84.
"Summer in Arcady," by Allen,
VIII, Ix.
Summer School of the South,
Knoxville, X, 292.
Sumner, Charles, assaulted by
Preston S. Brooks, II, 72.
intolerance of attitude, IX, 53.
tribute to, by Lamar, IX, 93.
Sumter, Thomas, soldier, life of,
XII, 430.
in the Revolution, II, 33.
Sunbury, Ga., founders of, X,
104.
Sunbury Academy, Georgia, X,
276.
Sunday School, the, as a factor
in the religious development
of the negro, X, 500.
among negroes, X, 499.
in the history of the South, X,
492.
pedagogy, chair of, in South-
ern Baptist Seminary, Louis-
ville, X, 321.
work of, hindered by War of
Secession, X, 496.
Sunday School Union of Phila-
delphia, X, 493.
"Sunrise," by Lanier, VII, 49.
Superintendent of schools, office
of, removed from influence
of factional politics, X, 424.
Superstitions, of mountaineers,
VII, 59.
regarding marriage, and bap-
tism of children, VII, 57.
Supplies, foreign, for the Con-
federacy, V, 481.
Supreme Court, United States,
currency decisions of, VI,
415-417.
Supreme Court, United States,
early decisions of, IV, 464.
number of members of, from
South, 1789-1860, IV, 334.
power of, IV, 463.
principles affecting early de-
cisions, IV, 465.
upon States' Rights, IX, 339.
Supreme Court Justices, South-
ern, I, xxxv.
Surveys, geological, V, 551 et
seq.
Survival of minstrels, VII, 59.
"Susan Constant," the, I, 11.
Susquehannock Indians, at-
tacked by settlers, IV, 9.
friendly to colonists, IV, 9.
"Sut Lovingood Yarns," by Har-
ris, VII, 73, 82.
"Suwanee Ribber," by Foster,
VII, 68.
Swain, David L., president of
North Carolina University,
VII, 307.
"Swallow Barn," by Kennedy,
VIII, xxxiv.
extract from, VIII, 123.
Swamps, drainage of, VI, 551
et seq.
"Swamp Fox, The," poem by
Simms, VIII, 98.
"Swamp Fox and His Follow-
ers, The," by Simms, VIII,
93.
Swartz, naturalist, VII, 242.
Swayne, Wager, military gov-
ernor of Alabama, II, 301.
Swedes and Dutch in Delaware,
the, I, 162.
Sweet Briar Institute, X, 254,
263.
Sweet potatoes, increased culti-
vation of, VI, 23.
Sweet's Reader, VII, 131.
Swine, American, European re-
strictions on importation of,
VI, 375.
herds of, in the woods, V, 154.
Sylvester, J. J., editor of "Amer-
ican Journal of Mathemat-
ics," VII, 215.
educator, VII, 204.
"Sylphs of the Seasons," by All-
ston, VII, 12.
Symes, Benjamin, founds first
free school in Virginia, I, 28;
X, 188.
214
INDEX.
Symes-Eaton Academy, origin
of, X, 188.
"Symphony, The," by Lanier,
VII, 43.
Synoptical Table, Gibbes', VII,
226.
"Syntax of the Latin Verb," by
Peters, VII, 143.
Syrup, increased production of,
VI, 23.
"System of Penal Law, A," by
Livingston, VII, 329.
Tabb, John Banister, priest and
poet, life of, XII, 431.
"Lines on Lanier," VII, 51.
reference to, X, 538.
Tafia, manufacture of, V, 185.
Tahiti sugar cane, V, 187.
"Taking the Census," by
Hooper, VIII, 199.
"Tale of the Ragged Moun-
tains," scene of Poe's, VIII,
xiv.
Tallahassee, Fla., founded and
made capital of Florida, III,
24.
military operations during
Civil War at, III, 62.
"Tallapoosa Banner," edited by
J. J. Hooper, VII, 76.
Tallapoosa River, water power
of, V, 584.
Talmage amendment, the, to
Missouri Bill, III, 275.
Tanbark, made from chestnut
oak, V, 261.
Taney, Roger Brooke, jurist,
life of, XII, 432.
becomes chief justice, IV, 465.
Tapp, Sidney C., lawyer and au-
thor, life of, XII, 435.
Tar, commercial, V, 304.
export of, V, 259.
Tariff, the, benefits of, to South-
ern manufacturers, VI, 478.
Canadian, unfavorable to
Southern cotton trade, VI,
379.
change of Southern sentiment
regarding, V, 488.
Confederate action on, V, 493.
controversies, IV, 454.
for revenue, accepted by
Southern leaders, V, 384.
for revenue, favored by Jeffer-
son and Madison, V, 487.
Tariff for revenue only, act of
_ 1845, IV, 372.
industrial magnates created
by, VI, 479.
issues of 1844, IV, 372.
manufactures stimulated by,
VI, 253.
opposition to protection, 1828,
IV, 371.
policy, helped the cotton in-
dustry, V, 489.
policy, economic influence in
the South, V, 487 et seq; VI,
476 et seq.
policy, not upheld in the South
after the war, VI, 476.
policies, European, effect of,
on Southern commerce, VI,
377.
protective, favored by South-
ern leaders, V, 487.
protective, favored in the Con-
federacy, V, 481.
protective, Hamilton's idea
of, V, 487.
protective principle of, IV,
369.
reductions in, IV, 373.
regarded as robbery, VI, 476.
relation of, to public land
question, V, 72.
relation of, to the Civil War,
V, 664.
Southern opinion divided on,
V, 487.
the Morrill, V, 492.
the South's attitude towards,
IV, 367.
views of Legare upon, IX, 272.
"Tariff, The," speech by Mc-
Duffie, IX, 287.
Tariff act, of 1789, first passed,
IV, 375.
of 1816, V, 203.
of 1824, IV, 370.
INDEX.
215
Tariff act, of 1832, IV, 455.
of 1833, IV, 371.
of 1845, IV, 372.
of 1861, IV, 373.
of 1862, IV, 373.
of 1864, IV, 373.
Of 1890, IV, 374.
of 1893, IV, 375.
of 1897, treaties under, VI, 383.
Tariff acts, IV, 454.
Tariff Association, Southeast-
ern, property insurance rates
fixed by, VI, 622.
"Tariff of Abominations" (1828),
the, IV, 370.
Tarleton, General, brutality of,
IV, 77.
operations in South, II, 33.
raids of, in South Carolina,
IV, 77.
Tattnall, Josiah (1), soldier, life
of, XII, 435.
Tattnall, Josiah (2), naval of-
ficer, life of, XII, 436.
destroys Confederate ships,
II, 215.
in the Confederate navy, II,
180, 181.
Taxation, by Congress, right of,
VI, 415.
Confederate, V, 496.
debates on, V, 75.
internal, IV, 377.
under carpet-bag rule, VI, 10.
Tax commissions, state, VI,
542, 543.
Taxes, internal, 1802, IV, 376.
Taylor, Edward Thompson, mis-
sionary, life of, XII, 437.
Taylor, Hannis, diplomat, life
of, XII, 438.
reference to, VII, 114.
writings on English consti-
tution, etc., VII, 336.
Taylor, James Barnett, clergy-
man, life of, XII, 438.
Taylor, John, legislator and
writer, life of, XII, 439.
"Arator" essays, VII, 176.
writings of, VII, 193.
Taylor, Miles, his speech in
Congress on Louisiana sugar
industry, V, 189.
Taylor, Richard, soldier, life of,
XII, 439.
"Destruction and Reconstruc-
tion," VII, 323.
Taylor, Richard, in the Civil
War, III, 138, 413.
Taylor, Robert Love, lawyer and
politician, life of, XII, 441.
Taylor, William, bishop, life of,
XII, 441.
Taylor, Zachary, soldier and
statesman, life of, XII, 442.
advances to the Rio Grande,
IV, 273.
in American life, III, 181.
in command of American
forces in Texas, III, 384.
in Seminole War, III, 34.
in the War of 1812, I, 282.
in the Mexican War, I, 285.
portrait of, facing, I, 284.
Tazewell, Littleton Waller, jur-
ist and politician, life of, XII,
445.
Tea, destroyed in the Carolinas
because of tax, IV, 61.
tax on, IV, 61.
"Tea Party," Boston, IV, 61.
"Tea Party," Charleston, IV, 61.
Teachers, higher standard of
qualification for, X, 416.
number of, I, Hi.
professional inefficiency of, X,
407.
seminaries in Prussia, X, 295.
white, normal schools for the
education of, after the war,
X, 409.
Teapot, "Rebekah at the Well,"
X, 702.
Technical education in the
South, X, 345.
often confused with industrial
training, X, 349.
what it is, X, 348.
Technical training, needed for
young men of the South, X,
347.
Tecumseh, aims to form a pow-
erful Indian nation, X, 162.
birth of, IV, 431.
death of, IV, 265.
leads Indians against Harri-
son, I, 280; II, 366, 486.
Tejas, Indians for whom
Texas was named, III, 337.
Telegraph, the, introduction of,
in the South, X, 25.
lines, Southern, in 1860, VI,
339.
216
INDEX.
Telegraph and Telephone Com-
pany, American, VI, 344.
Telegraph and Telephone Com-
pany, Southwestern, VI, 344.
Telegraph companies in the
South, V, 372; VI, 339.
state supervision of, VI, 545.
"Telegraph, The," early paper in
New Orleans, VII, 421.
Telegraphic and telephonic com-
munication, development of,
in the South, VI, 339 et seq.
Telegraphic communication, in
the South, V, 372-376; VI,
339-344.
Telephone, its use in the South,
VI, 341-344.
Telephone Company, American
Bell, yi, 342.
Telephonic communication, the
toll line system in, VI, 344.
Temperance reform in the
South, X, 574.
See Prohibition.
Temperature, range of, in the
South, VI, 630.
Temple, Tennessee historian,
VII, 112.
Tenant class, the (white and
black), industrial conditions
of, as influenced by medical
conditions, VI, 594 et seq.
Tenants-at-halves, V, 91.
Tenants-at-will, V, 89.
Tennent, John, botanist and
physician, VII, 243.
contributor to medical litera-
ture, VII, 356.
Tennent, William, in the Revo-
lution, IX, 27.
TENNESSEE
Admitted into Union, II, 478,
481.
agriculture, II, 547.
agriculture encouraged, II,
502.
as a state, II, 480.
attitude toward secession, II,
503^
banking in, V, 471.
Bate's administration, II, 543.
becomes part of North Caro-
lina, II, 464.
Blout, first territorial gover-
nor, II, 477.
Boone in, II, 465.
Tennessee boundary disputes
with Georgia, IV, 147.
boundary disputes with Ken-
tucky, IV, 142.
boundary disputes with Mis-
sissippi, IV, 147.
boundary disputes with Vir-
ginia, IV, 141.
Brownlow's administration,
II, 526; VI, 512.
Brownlow's militia, II, 529.
carpet-baggers in, II, 530.
Carroll's administration, II,
489.
ceded to nation by North
Carolina, II, 474; X, 107.
Centennial exposition in, VI,
569, 572.
cities in, II, 548.
claimed by Spain, II, 463.
coal mining in, V, 294; VI, 181.
colony and territory, II, 462.
constitution of 1796, II, 483.
constitution of 1834, II, 493.
constitution of 1870, II, 539.
constitutional amendments of
1865, II, 521.
constitutional convention of
1796, II, 480.
contribution to both armies,
II, 517.
copper mining in, V, 281, 283.
De Soto, first explorer in, II,
463.
discord among people of, VI,
512.
divided into two judicial dis-
tricts, II, 477.
division over slavery question,
II, 500.
early affairs in the Cumber-
land colony, II, 477.
early days of the colony, II,
470.
early education in, II, 479.
early explorations, II, 462.
early relations with North
Carolina, II, 484.
early religious life, II, 485.
early state finances, II, 489.
"education in, II, 544.
elementary education left to
private enterprise, X, 204.
English settlers, II, 464.
enters the Confederacy, II,
509.
first governors, II, 485.
INDEX.
sir
Tennessee, first railways, II,
498.
first settlement, II, 463.
Fort Loudon, first English
settlement, II, 464.
forest destruction in, V, 260.
French explorers, II, 463.
geological surveys in, V, 562.
gold mining in, V, 281.
government during war, II,
517.
Harris's administration, II,
504.
hemp culture in, V, 232, 234.
history of, II, 462.
Houston's administration, II,
490.
Indians in, II, 462.
industrial development, II, 502.
in English grant of Virginia,
II, 463.
influence upon Alabama, II,
271.
inherited taxation, V, 543.
internal improvements, II, 495.
in the Confederacy, II, 503.
in the Revolution, II, 467.
in War of 1812, II, 486.
iron industry in, V, 285; VI,
179, 227, 253, 272, 276.
iron ores in, VI, 223, 224.
Jackson elected president, II,
491.
Johnson, military governor of,
II, 518.
Kentucky boundary settled,
IV, 143.
Ku Klux Klan in, II, 530.
land system, II, 484.
lead mining in, V, 287.
list of governors, III, 479.
McMinn's administration, II,
489.
made a territory, II, 477.
manganese in, VI, 230.
manufactures, II, 547.
mining, II, 547.
Mississippi boundary settled,
IV, 148.
Nashville founded by Robert-
son, II, 468.
national leaders from, II, 492.
nebulous condition of affairs
in Franklin, II, 475.
negro suffrage in, II, 540.
new constitution of, V, 544.
Tennessee, only Southern state
to emancipate slaves, II, 522.
organizes state government,
and elects Sevier governor,
II, 478, 481.
overlapping of secondary and
country high schools, X, 415.
penitentiary system estab-
lished in, V, 131.
peopled mainly by North
Carolinians, X, 107.
petroleum in, VI, 187.
phosphate production in, VI,
213.
political leaders, II, 500.
politics, 1834-1839, II, 494.
politics, 1839-1844, II, 499.
Polk elected president, II, 492,
population, II, 548.
population in 1796, II, 480.
prominence in national affairs,
1830-1850, II, 491.
public bureaus in, V, 553.
public roads in, V, 345.
public schools, II, 545.
public school system, II, 490.
railroads, II, 547.
railway bonds, II, 497.
railways and turnpikes, II, 496.
receipts and expenditures of,
V, 544.
Reconstruction in, II, 524.
restoration to Union, II, 518.
Robertson's influence upon,
II, 469.
Scotch-Irish in, II, 465.
secession of, II, 507.
Sevier's influence upon, II,
471.
share in Civil War, II, 510.
sheep industry in, V, 249.
since the war, II, 523.
state debt, II, 541; V,, 545.
state debt at beginning of war,
II, 498.
state finances of, V, 543-546;
VI, 512-514.
state of Franklin, II, 473.
steps leading to secession, II,
506.
struggle for state control, II,
534.
taxation in, since the war, VI,
513.
timber lands, II, 547.
tobacco culture in, V, 165.
218
INDEX.
Tennessee, troops at battle of
King's Mountain, II, 472.
troops under Jackson subdue
Southern Indians, II, 487.
troubles with Indians, II, 466.
two emancipation papers in
East, II, 501.
Union sentiment strong in
East, II, 506.
unique position among states,
II, 523.
Virginia boundary settled,
1900, IV, 142.
Washington district, II, 467.
Wautauga Association, II, 466.
wealth, II, 547.
Western settlement, II, 488.
Tennessee and Kentucky, his-
tory of, by Haywood.
Tennessee Coal and Iron Com-
pany, absorbed by United
States Steel Corporation, VI,
277.
"Tennessee Mountains, In the,"
by Murfree, extract from,
VIII, 290.
Tennessee River, Federal open-
ing of, V, 150.
Tennessee State Library Asso-
ciation, VII, 502.
Tennessee, University of, II,
479, 545; VII, 155; VIII, 290;
X, 204.
Teran, Domingo, expedition to
Texas, III, 338.
Terhune, Mary Virginia Hawes,
("Marion Harland"), author,
life of, XII, 446.
Terracing, land reclamation by,
VI, 537.
Terrapin, along Atlantic and
Gulf coasts, V, 271.
Terrell, Alexander Watkins,
statesman, life of, XII, 447.
Terrell, Joseph M., governor of
Georgia, II, 239.
Terrell, Timothy, editor of the
"Mississippi Messenger,"
VII, 420.
Terrell, William, endows chair
of agricultural chemistry in
State University of Georgia,
V, 82; VII, 143; X, 363.
Territorial expansion, attitude
of South towards, IV, 314.
Territories, slavery in the, IV,
417.
Territory of Orleans, III, 100.
Test oath, for Confederate sol-
diers, VI, 41.
Teuton, the, and drunkenness,
X, 568.
TEXAS
accepts annexation, III, 380.
acquisition of, V, 389.
action on Federal constitu-
tional amendments, III, 420.
American aid and sympathy
for Revolution, III, 368.
American emigration to,
1820-1830, IV, 247.
Anglo-American colonization,
III, 353.
annexation of, I, xl; III, 378;
IV, 242, 271, 307, 310; X, 108.
as a part of Mexico, III, 335.
as a republic, III, 359.
attitude toward slavery, III,
395.
Austin's colony in, V, 65.
blockade of ports of, III, 410.
border conditions, III, 405.
boundary question with Ar-
kansas, III, 280.
cattle industry in, V, 247, 256.
causes for revolution in, III,
362.
cities of, III, 433.
class of pioneers, III, 431.
classes of population, III, 433.
coal mining in, VI, 181.
colony founded by La Salle,
III, 85.
condition during war, III,
414.
constitutional government,
III, 440.
convention of 1866, III, 418.
cotton production in, V, 205;
VI, 15, 97, 100, 102.
debt of, in 1865, V, 539.
decay of Spanish rule, III,
352.
declares its independence,
III, 365.
Declaration of Independence
of, signed, IV, 250. f
decline of the missions, III,
345.
INDEX.
219
Texas, denominational schools
in, III, 446.
developed mainly by white
labor, VI, 43.
early boundaries, III, 335.
early French explorers, III,
336.
early land grants, III, 354.
early land systems, III, 426.
early trade with the South,
III, 360.
educational system, III, 443.
education in, III, 394.
explorations and surveys of,
V, 11.
explored by De Soto's army,
III, 7.
failure of Catholic missions
in, X, 541.
farming in, III, 428.
Federal relief for, V, 537.
fever, control of, VI, 475.
filibustering expeditions to,
IV, 243.
filibusters from the United
States, III, 348.
financial history of, since the
Reconstruction, VI, 520-522.
first American influence in,
III, 347.
first call for troops. Ill, 402.
first fighting against Mexico,
III, 361.
first Germans settled at Bas-
trop by Baron von Bastrop,
X, 144.
first question as to slavery
raised, III, 372.
first steps toward independ-
ence, III, 347.
formed into a separate Span-
ish province, III, 342.
French settlements in, III,
339.
fruits and vegetables, III,
429.
funds for education, III, 435.
geological survey, V, 560.
geological survey, conducted
by Simonds, VII, 256.
German settlements in, X,
60.
growth of towns, III, 356.
growth of the rice industry
in, VI, 15, 19, 23, 74, 75, 77.
Texas, guarantee of bank de-
posits in, VI, 432.
gypsum deposits in, VI, 205.
Henderson, first governor of,
III, 382.
historians of, VII, 103.
history of, III, 335.
Houston inaugurated first
president of republic, III,
367.
improvement of cattle in, VI,
142.
increase in immigration, III,
360.
increase in land values, III,
433.
increase in population, III,
432.
increase in state debt, III,
425.
increase of cultivated area in,
VI, 18.
independence of, acknowl-
edged, IV, 307.
independence of, proclaimed,
IV, 245.
industries, III, 426.
influence of New England ed-
ucational work, VII, 311.
inherited debt, V, 537.
insurrection of Gutierrez, III,
349.
internal conditions at time of
annexation, III, 380.
in the Civil War, III, 403.
in the Confederacy, III, 402;
V, 538.
in the Federal Union, III,
382.
in the Mexican War, III,
383.
in the new nation, III, 417.
iron ore in, VI, 225.
journalism, VII, 482.
land reclamation in, VI, 557.
list of governors, III, 483.
Long insurrection in, III, 350.
lost to Mexico, X, 137.
lumber industry, III, 430.
manufacturing, III, 431.
martial law in, III, 424.
metal-bearing region in, VI,
216.
method of Spanish coloniza-
tion, III, 342.
220
INDEX.
Texas, military operations in,
III, 409.
mineral wealth, III, 430.
missions and presidios in, X,
134, 135; are secularized, X,
135.
new Spanish settlements, III,
341.
number of troops engaged in
Civil War, III, 404.
number of troops in Mexican
War, III, 385.
oil companies expelled from,
VI, 460.
oil wells, III, 430.
opposition to annexation of,
in America, III, 374.
ordinance of secession passed,
III, 400.
pioneer life in, III, 356.
political conditions in, III,
388.
population in 1820, III, 344.
population in 1835, III, 360.
population in 1847, III, 393.
ports of, V, 415.
prohibition in, III, 447.
public debt, III, 391.
public domain, III, 435.
question of boundary, III,
386.
railroads and railroad grants,
III, 436, 438.
readmitted to Union, III, 424.
Reconstruction in, III, 417.
Reconstruction period, finan-
ces of, VI, 519.
recruits gathered to gain in-
dependence for, IV, 250.
reduced to military province,
III, 421.
refusal of senate to ratify
annexation of, IV, 308.
republic recognized by United
States, III, 372.
revolts from Mexico, III, 359.
salt industry of, VI, 251.
settlement by Spaniards, III,
337.
slave laws, humanity of, X,
135.
slavery an issue, III, 388.
slavery in, III, 351.
social conditions, III, 392.
Spanish and Mexican land
laws in, V, 64, 65.
Texas, Spanish control of, III,
110.
state farmers' alliance of, VI,
581.
state finances of, V, 537-539;
VI, 519-522.
statistics of American popu-
lation, 1830, IV, 247.
steps to independence, III,
357.
steps toward annexation to
United States, III, 372.
steps toward secession, III,
397.
stock-raising in, III, 426.
strategic importance of, III,
412.
strictness of civil and ecclesi-
astical organizations, X, 135.
struggle for independence,
III, 300.
substitute for banking in, V,
470.
sugar industry in, V, 191.
taxation in, V, 538.
Tejas Indians in, III, 338.
terms of treaty with United
States, III, 376.
test-oath in, III, 422.
three earliest towns, III, 343.
Throckmorton period in, VI,
519.
United States annexes, V, 65.
United States in revolution of,
III, 367.
United States land system
adopted in, V, 65.
vote of, for annexation to the
United States, IV, 251.
"Texas Telegraph," published
by Gail Borden, VII, 471.
Texas, University of, III, 394,
444.
Textile industry, prosperity of,
VI, 259.
women and children employ-
ed in, VI, 54 et seq.
Textile Workers' International
Union of America, VI, 37.
Thach, Charles Coleman, edu-
cator, life of, XII, 448.
Thatch, Robert, ("Black Beard"),
noted pirate, IV, 38.
Thackeray, William M., and
"The Virginians," X, 45.
INDEX.
221
Thanet, Octave, see French,
Alice.
Theatres, municipal, VI, 445.
Theatrical companies in Caro-
linas, VII, 377.
Theological education in the
South, X, 312.
schools in the South, X, 312.
seminaries of the South, en-
dowments of, X, 322.
Theoretical and general eco-
nomics, VII, 174.
"Theory of Common Law," by
Walker, VII, 332.
"Theory of Equations, An In-
troduction to the," by Cajori,
VII, 217.
"Theory of Optical Instru-
ments," by Southall, VII,
237
"Theory of Thought, The," by
Davis, VII, 267.
Thirteenth Amendment, effect
of, VI, 585.
slavery ended by the, V, 150.
"Thirty Years' View," by Ben-
ton, VII, 106.
Thom, William Taylor, educa-
tor, VII, 128.
Thomas, David Y., on racial
problems, adjustments and
disturbances, IV, 194.
Thomas, Frederick William, au-
thor, life of, XII, 448.
Thomas, George Henry, soldier,
life of, XII, 449.
in the Civil War, I, 290, 293.
Thomas, Isaac, pioneer, life of,
XII, 450.
Thompson, Hugh Miller, cler-
gyman and author, life of,
XII, 451.
editor of "The Times," New
Orleans, VII, 428.
influence as a preacher, IX,
143.
Thompson, Jacob, politician,
life of, XII, 452.
Thompson, (James) Maurice,
author, life of, XII, 453.
works of, VII, 37; "Tribute to
Abraham Lincoln," VII, 38.
Thompson, John Reuben, au-
thor, life of, XII, 454.
editor of "Field and Fireside,"
VII, 447.
Thompson, John Reuben, editor
of "Southern Literary Mes-
senger," VII, 445.
"Music in Camp," VII, 21, 29.
reference to, VII, 122; writ-
ings of, VII, 18, 21, 29.
Thompson, Richard Wigging-
ton, lawyer, life of, XII, 455.
Thompson, Waddy, career of,
II, 62.
Thompson, William Tappan,
journalist, life of, XII, 456.
career of, VIII, xliii.
editor of "Augusta Mirror,"
VII, 75.
editor of "Madison Miscel-
lany," VII, 75.
"Major Jones's Courtship,"
VII, 72, 76.
"Major Jones's Courtship,"
extract from, VIII, 180.
"Major Jones's Chronicles of
Pineville," VII, 72, 76.
"Major Jones's Sketches of
Travel," VII, 72, 76.
"Novel Courtship, A," VIII,
180.
Thornton, W. M., editor of
"Annals of Mathematics,"
VII, 211.
Thornwell, James H., an elo-
quent preacher, IX, 68.
influence as a preacher, IX,
141; X, 520.
Thorpe, Thomas B., "Big Bear
in Arkansas, The," VII, 81.
"Great Four-Mile Day, The,"
VII, 81.
"Hive of the Bee-Hunter,
The," VII, 72, 73, 81.
"Hoosier in Search of Justice,
A," VII, 81.
"Major Gasden's Story," VII,
81.
"Mysteries of the Back-
woods, The," VII, 73, 81.
"Piano in Arkansas, A," VII,
81.
portrait of, facing, VII, 80.
"Tom Owen, the Bee-Hun-
ter," VII, 81.
"Way Americans Go Down
Hill, The," VII, 81.
Thought, economic, contribu-
tions of the South to, V, 564
et seq.; VI, 546 et seq.
222
INDEX.
Three educational advances in
the South, X, 215.
"Three Friends," the, in the
Spanish-American War, III,
73, 74.
"Three Summer Studies," by
Hope, VII, 18.
Three tendencies in the nine-
teenth century, X, 209.
Threshing machine, invention
of the, V, 81.
Throckmorton, J. W., governor
of Texas, III, 400, 419.
"Throwing the, Wanga," by
Davis, VII, 324.
"Thunder and Lightning on
Sinners' Heads," sermon by
Sam Jones, IX, 500.
Thruston, Gates Phillips, law-
yer and author, life of, XII,
457.
Thruston, Lucy Meacham, au-
thor, life of, XII, 457.
Tichenor, Isaac T., influence as
a preacher, IX, 147.
Ticknor, Francis Orrery, physi-
cian and poet, life of, XII,
458.
"Little Griffin of Tennessee,"
VII, 20.
"Virginians of the Valley,"
VII, 20.
Ticknor, George, and Univer-
sity of Virginia, X, 56.
Tidewater regions, settlement
in, V, 337.
Tidewater Virginia, the cradle
of the nation, X, 102.
Tiedeman, C. G., legal writings
of, VII, 336, 337.
Tilden-Hayes controversy, II,
112.
effect of, in Louisiana, III,
160.
Tilghman, Lloyd, in the Civil
War, I, 294.
Tilghman, Matthew, patriot, life
of, XII, 458.
in the Revolution, IX, 25.
Tilghman, Tench, soldier, life
of, XII, 459.
Tillage, improvement in, V, 359.
Tillman, Benjamin Ryan, sena-
tor, life of, XII, 460.
Tillman, Benjamin Ryan, in
"Farmers' Movement," II,
115.
Timber, export of, V, 259.
few early records concerning,
V, 257.
large tracts of, preserved, VI,
267.
reserved for the navy, V, 259.
riven, V, 304.
Southern, estimated resources
of, VI, 641.
tobacco culture caused waste
of, V, 257.
wasted, by plantation meth-
ods, V, 155.
wonderful wealth of, in the
South, VI, 268.
"Times, The," New Orleans,
Hugh Miller Thompson, edi-
tor of, VII, 428.
"Times and Potommack Packet,
The," established by Charles
Frerer and Thomas N. Fos-
dick, VII, 413.
Timothy, Elizabeth, publishes
the "South Carolina Gazette,"
X, 636.
Timothy, Lewis, editor of
"South Carolina Gazette,"
VII, 416.
Timrod, Henry, poet, life of,
XII, 461.
monument to, photo of, fac-
ing, VII, 22.
"Vision of Poesy, The," and
other works, VII, 20, 21, 22.
Tin, Southern production of,
VI, 239.
Tippecanoe, battle of, I, 280.
"To a Lily," by Legare, VII, 17.
Tobacco, attempts to cultivate,
in Europe, V, 383.
changing centers of its man-
ufacture, VI, 294.
cultivation of, favored by
colonial policy, V, 161.
culture, changes in, by eman-
cipation, VI, 68.
culture, effect of the Civil
War on, VI, 66.
culture, forbidden in England
and Ireland, V, 161.
culture, growth of, since 1870,
VI, 66.
INDEX.
223
Tobacco culture, harmed by
European fiscal policy, V, 164.
culture, injured by the em-
bargo and War of 1812, V, 163.
culture, in the South, V, 14,
26, 38, 153, 158 et seq; 658;
VI, 66 et seq.
culture, its wastefulness, V,
258.
culture, limited on small
farms, VI, 69.
culture, not dependent on
negro slave labor, V, 161.
culture, requirements of, VI,
69.
culture, thrust upon the
South by English policies,
V, 258. s
culture, waste of timber
caused by, V, 257.
early cultivation in Maryland,
I, 158.
early shipments to England,
I, 20.
economic institutions all in-
fluenced by its culture, V,
168.
experimental trials of, in New
England, V, 152.
extension of its culture, V,
77, 159.
first brought into Europe, V,
158.
first grown in English colo-
nies at Jamestown, V, 158.
great export of, V, 384.
growers, organization of,
against the trust, VI, 579.
growers, their struggle with
the pool, VI, 400.
grown almost exclusively in
early Virginia, I, 57.
high water mark of its im-
portance, V, 163.
important types of, where
grown, and use made of, VI,
70.
importation of, prohibited by
France, V, 381.
in competition with cotton,
V, 163.
Indian methods of cultivation
adopted by whites, V, 162.
industry, damaged by buyers'
organization, VI, 400.
Tobacco industry, trust domina-
tion of, VI, 71.
introduced into England by
Raleigh, I, 5.
land and labor needed for its
profitable culture, V, 153.
made a currency system and
standard of value, V, 167.
marketing of, V, 163; VI, 70.
marketing, report of the in-
dustrial commission on, VI,
413.
new manufacture of, VI, 4?7.
overproduction of, V, 159.
prices of, no accurate statis-
tics of, VI, 72.
progressive methods of culti-
vating, V, 162, 164.
prosperity measured by, V,
166.
taxation of, in colonies, IV,
30.
the South largest producer of,
in the world, V, 166.
three types of, V, 162.
trust, opposed by planters,
VI, 71.
used as currency in colonies,
IV, 36.
used in exchange with Eng-
lish merchants, V, 159.
why preferred over other
crops, V, 160.
yields of, per acre, table of,
VI, 69.
Tobacco Company, American,
decision against, VI, 461.
"To Beethoven," by Lanier,
VII, 46.
Todd, Charles Scott, soldier
and diplomat, life of, XII,
462.
Toll rate, for grist and flouring
mills, V, 476.
Tolman, H. C., educator, VII,
156.
Tombigbee Basin, II, 241.
Tome, Jacob, endows secondary
school in Maryland, I, 233.
Tompkins, Daniel A., engineer,
life of, XII, 462.
on the mountain whites as
an industrial labor factor in
the South, VI, 58-61.
"Tom Owen, the Bee-Hunter,"
by Thorpe, VII, 81.
224
INDEX.
Tonnage dues, British, on
American vessels, V, 181.
Tonti, De, explores the Missis-
sippi river, III, 265.
Toombs, Robert Augustus,
planter, lawyer and states-
man, life of, XII, 463.
a typical statesman, X, 34, 35.
career of, IX, 58.
contrasted with Hill and
Stephens, IX, 62.
effect of speaking upon hear-
ers, IX, 101.
influence of, in politics, II,
168.
portrait, facing, II, 168.
influence upon secession, IX,
93.
letter of, facing, XII, 464.
on popular view of secession,
II, 78.
on Bishop Pierce, X, 579.
oratorical style, IX, 59.
reply to, by Stephens, IX, 57.
secretary of state for the Con-
federacy, II, 177.
speech, "Farewell to the Sen-
ate," IX, 312.
speech in Boston, IX, 59.
Tories, during the Civil War, V,
149.
in Maryland, the, I, 187.
the exception among clergy
of Episcopal church in South
Carolina, X, 444.
troubles of, in Florida, III, 16,
17.
"To the Mocking-bird," by
Wilde, VII, 14.
Toulmin, Harry, at head of Ala-
bama territorial affairs, II, 264.
Tourgee, Albion Winegar, jurist
and author, life of, XII, 466.
Touro, Judah, philanthropist,
life of, XII, 466.
New Orleans philanthropist
and patriot, X, 566.
Townes, John Charles, lawyer,
life of, XII, 467.
Towns, Southern, growth of, 1,1.
economic aspects of their
growth, VI, 607-610.
modern improvements in, VI,
609.
Towns, moral elements drawn
into, VI, 609.
Townsend, Mary Ashley, (Van
Vooris), author, life of, XII,
468.
"Creed," VII, 324.
"Lake Pontchartrain," VII,
324.
Townshend, Charles, becomes
first Lord of Trade in 1763,
IV, 44.
acts, V, 309.
acts of 1768, colonies petition
repeal of, IV, 53.
act of 1770 repealed, IV, 60.
policy of, IV, 52.
Toy, Crawford Howell, scholar,
life of, XII, 468.
Tracy, Destutt de, economist,
V, 565.
Tracey, S. M., his study of for-
age plants, VI, 119.
Trade, coastwise, from the
South to the North, V, 407.
coastwise, growth of, VI, 331.
coastwise, injured by wars,
V, 340, 342.
colonial, three-fourths South-
ern, V, 393.
conventions of 1838-1840, IV,
178.
early river, V, 338.
external, stopped by the Civil
War, V, 669.
foreign, its rapid growth in
the South since 1865, VI, 351.
foreign, of Southern ports in
1908, VI, 353.
illicit, during the Civil War,
V, 673.
lumber, coastwise, VI, 363.
monopoly in, VI, 573 et seq.
private associations and com-
binations to control, VI, 573
et seq.
prohibition of trusts and com-
binations in restraint of, VI,
460.
Southern, annual value of,
VI, 539.
Southern export, destroyed
by the Civil War, VI, 352.
Southern, unparalleled recov-
ery of, VI, 352.
INDEX.
225
Trade undeveloped in the
South in the seventeenth
century, V, 27.
Trade union, central, in Wash-
ington, V, 145.
Trade unions, sporadic and un-
important in 1830, V, 146.
Trade unionism, beginning of,
in America, V, 144.
second great movement in, V,
145.
Southern, characteristic fea-
tures of, VI, 36.
Trading benefits, their mutu-
ality between England and
the South, V, 28.
Trading companies, V, 399.
Traffic, export and import, V,
404 et seq.
interstate, V, 404 et seq.
Transformation in the charac-
ter of the colleges since the
war, X, 216.
Transportation, by water, in the
South, V, 336 et seq.; VI, 325
et seq.
facilities, I, li.
growth of towns due to mod-
ern methods of, VI, 608.
improved facilities for, V, 351
et seq.
in the South, V, 336 et seq.
pooling in, prohibited, VI,
328.
problem of, in the South, V,
406.
rail and water, changes in re-
lations of, VI, 328.
railway, in the South, VI,
305 et seq.
relation of, to manufactures,
VI. 301.
routes to the seaboard, sen-
ate committee on, VI, 336.
Southern facilities for, V, 404
et seq.
threefold system of, V, 405.
vast increase of its facilities
since 1860, VI, 358.
water, and the progress of
the South, VI, 647 et seq.
water, government aid to, VI,
335-338.
water, in 1906, VI, 327.
15
Transportation, water, its com-
ing increase in the South,
VI, 650.
water, its influence on rail-
road rates, VI, 327.
writings on, by Hayne, VII,
178.
writings on, by Mills, VII, 178.
Trans-Siberian Railway, a ben-
efit to Southern commerce,
VI, 369.
Transylvania company, the, I,
245, 261.
Transylvania Seminary, char-
tered by Virginia assembly,
X, 241.
Transylvania University, Vir-
ginia gives land for, X, 204.
Alva Woods, president of,
VII, 306.
Horace Holley, president of,
VII, 305.
"Travels Through North and
South Carolina," by Bartram,
VII, 243.
Travis, Alexander, influence as
a preacher, IX, 139.
Travis, William Barrett, lawyer
and soldier, life of, XII, 469.
commander of the Alamo, III,
364.
Treasury agents, plundering,
VI, 2.
Treasury department, Federal,
negroes organized into labor
colonies by, V, 150.
Treasury notes, Confederate, V,
253.
Treasury, plan for independent,
IV, 365.
Treaties, commercial, failure of
congress to secure, V, 381.
commercial, with Mexico and
South American republics,
V, 386.
reciprocity, V, 385.
secret, made by the United
States with Great Britain,
1782, IV, 104.
under the tariff act of 1897,
VI, 383.
United States, affecting South-
ern economic development,
V, 381 et seq.; VI, 368 et seq.
226
INDEX.
Treaties with Central and South
America, terminated in 1894,
VI, 382.
with China and Japan, V,
389; VI, 386.
with European countries, V,
388.
with Spanish-American coun-
tries, V, 389.
"Treatise on Sound," by Le
Conte, VII, 234.
"Treatise on the Law of Sale of
Personal Property," by Ben-
jamin, VII, 333.
Treaty of Fort Jackson, IV, 432;
IX, 194.
Treaty of Galphinton, 1785, IV,
426.
Treaty of Ghent, ends war of
1812, IV, 285; IX, 197.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo,
1848, IV, 311.
Treaty of Paris, 1783, ends Rev-
olutionary War, IV, 104, 425.
effect of, upon Georgia, II,
139.
effect of, upon Missouri, III,
186.
terms of, III, 91.
Treaty of Pontotoc, the, II,
387.
Treaty of San Ildefonso, 1800,
Spain cedes Louisiana to
France, IV, 303.
Trees, variety of, in Southern
forests, VI, 269.
Trend, the, of life in the South-
ern city, X, 670.
Trend, the, of the South to-day
away from democracy, X, 667.
Trenholm, George A., merchant,
life of, XII, 470.
in the Davis cabinet, II, 81.
Trenholm, W. L., "Southern
States, Their Social and In-
dustrial History, Conditions
and Needs," VII, 188.
"Trent" affair, seizure of Mason
and Slidell, IV, 532.
Trent, William, operations
against French, I, 41.
Trent, William Peterfield, edu-
cator, life of, XII, 470.
biographer of Simms, VIII,
xxvi.
Trent, William Peterfield, edu-
cator, VII, 130.
on Southern ante-bellum life,
X, 26.
strong influence of, at Colum-
bia University, VII, 234.
Trescot, William Henry, diplo-
mat, life of, XII, 471.
Trescott, W. H., "Position and
Course of the South, The,"
VII, 195.
"Trial of Aaron Burr," speech
by Wirt, IV, 386.
"Trigonometry, With Tables,"
Lefebure de Fourcy's, trans-
lated by Smith, VII, 205.
Trimble, Isaac Ridgeway, sol-
dier, life of, XII, 472.
Trimble, Robert, jurist, life of,
XII, 473.
Trinity College, North Caro-
lina, X. 200.
Trinity River, Texas, colony on,
unsuccessfully founded by
Rigaud and Lallemand, X,
124.
Trist, Nicholas Philip, lawyer,
life of, XII, 474.
named to negotiate Mexican
boundary, IV, 277.
Troost, Gerard, naturalist, VII,
247.
Troup, George Mclntosh,
statesman, life of, XII, 475.
governor of Georgia, II, 158;
defies President Adams, II,
162.
Truck, first Southern shipments
of, VI, 129.
Trucking, centers of, VI, 24.
chief Southern areas of, VI,
128.
conditions needed for, VI,
128.
increase of, VI, 23, 128.
Southern statistics of, VI,
130-132.
use of commercial fertilizers
in, VI, 128.
what it has done for the
South, V, 236; VI, 127, 128.
Trudeau, Zenon, Spanish lieu-
tenant governor of Missouri
colony, III, 190.
"True American, The," edited
h.y John Gibson, VII, 481.
INDEX.
227
"True Virginian, The," by
Bagby, VII, 84.
Truett, George W., clergyman,
life of, XII, 476.
Truman, Thomas, leads attack
on Susquehannocks, IV, 9.
Trusts and combinations, list of,
in the "Congressional Re-
cord," VI, 576.
Trust companies, VI, 433 et seq.
number and importance of, in
the South, VI, 434, 437.
Trusts, in restraint of trade, pro-
hibition of, VI, 460.
"Truth, in its Relation to Indi-
viduals, Professions, Laws
and Institutions," speech by
Watson, IX, 454.
Tryon, William, events of ad-
ministration in North Caro-
lina, I, 449.
fight with regulators, IX, 8.
Tuberculosis, prevalence of,
among negroes, VI, 595.
Tucker, Beverly, his economic
work, V, 574.
Tucker, George, "Essays, Moral
and Philosophical," VII, 263.
economic view of slavery, V,
157.
portrait, facing, VII, 262.
writer on economics, V, 564,
567; VII, 174.
Tucker, Henry Holcombe, edu-
cator, life of, XII, 477.
influence as a preacher, IX,
148.
Tucker, Harry St. George,
lawyer, life of, XII, 478.
Tucker, Henry St. George,
lawyer, life of, XII, 479.
"Commentaries on the Law of
Virginia," VII, 328.
declines professorship of law
in University of Virginia, X,
334.
"Lectures on Constitutional
Law," VII, 328.
"Lectures on Natural Law
and Government," VII, 328.
succeeds Davis as professor
of law in University of Vir-
ginia, X, 335.
Tucker, John Randolph, (1)
naval officer, life of, XII,
479.
Tucker, John Randolph, (2)
lawyer, life of, XII, 480.
"Constitution of the United
States, The," VII, 334.
Tucker, Nathaniel Beverley, (1)
lawyer, life of, XII, 480.
Tucker, Nathaniel Beverley, (2)
journalist, life of, XII, 480.
"George Balcombe," VII, 328.
"Lectures on the Constitution
of the United States," VII,
329.
"Partisan Leader, The," VII,
328.
Tucker, St. George, jurist, life
( 0f, XII, 481.
"Belles of Williamsburg,
The," VII, 5.
law writer, VII, 190, 328; X,
328.
opposed to slavery, X, 327;
his essay on slavery sent to
Speaker of the House of
Delegates, X, 328.
portrait of, facing, XII, 480.
"Resignation; or, Days of My
Youth," VII, 6.
scheme of emancipation, V,
87, 109.
succeeds Wythe at William
and Mary, X, 327.
Tuggle, W. O., letter of Moses
to, X, 562.
Tulane, Paul, donation to Tu-
lane University, X, 230.
Tulane University, III, 177.
classical work of, VII, 157.
economic teaching at, VI,
550.
legal successor of old Univer-
sity of Louisiana, X, 230.
Tuomey, Michael, geologist,
VII, 254.
Turkey, commercial treaty with,
V, 386.
Turkeys, wild, abundance of, V,
263.
scarcity of, VI, 170.
Turnbull, brings colony of Min-
orcans to New Smyrna, X,
132.
Turnbull, Robert James, politi-
cal writer, life of, XII, 482.
"The Crisis; Or Essays on the
Usurpation of the Federal
Government," VII, 193.
228
INDEX.
Turner, Henry M., sketch of,
VII, 534.
"Methodist Polity," VII, 534.
"Negro in All Ages, The,"
VII, 534.
Turner, J. A., compiler of "Cot-
ton Planters' Manual."
Turner, Josiah, editor of Raleigh
"Sentinel," I, 505.
Turner, M. L., on the finances
of Oklahoma and Indian
Territory, VI, 532-536.
Turner, Nat, insurrection of
slaves in Virginia, I, 110;
IV, 235.
Turner, William Wilberforce,
author, life of, XII, 482.
Turney, Peter, soldier and jurist,
life of, XII, 483.
Turnpikes, V, 349, 351.
Turpentine, center of its pro-
duction moved South and
West, VI, 293.
chief production of, in North
Carolina, V, 327.
distilled spirits of, V, 259.
export of, V, 259.
illuminant made from, V, 259.
waste in producing, V, 262.
widespread distillation of, V,
260.
yield of, in 1908, VI, 152.
Tuscaloosa founded, II, 269.
Tuscaroras defeated by Caro-
lina troops, I, 433; IV, 14; X,
160.
Tuskegee Normal and Industrial
Institute of Alabama, VII,
538; X, 299.
and Booker T. Washington,
X, 32.
Tusculum Academy united with
Greenville College, X, 225.
Tutwiler, Henry, educator, life
of, XII, 483; reference to,
VII, 168.
Tutwiler, Julia S., educator, life
of, XII, 484; reference to,
X, 642.
Twain, Mark, fee* Clemens,
Samuel L.
"Tweed Ring" in New York
City, IV, 619.
"Twice Told Tales," by Haw-
thorne, VIII, xx.
Twiggs, David Emanuel, sol-
dier, life of, XII, 485.
Tybee Island, siege of, II, 186.
Tygart, David, settles in West
Virginia, I, 338.
Tyler, J. Harry, in Laymen's
Missionary Movement, X,
505.
Tyler, John, statesman, life of,
XII, 486.
head of peace conference, I,
116.
influence of South on, IV,
332.
letter of, to James Bouldin,
facing, XII, 486.
portrait, facing, I, 110.
urges annexation of Texas,
III, 376.
Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, educa'
tor, life of, XII, 489.
on colonial and early state
currency in the South, V,
442 et seq.
on immigration and popula-
tion of the South to 1783, V,
12 et seq.
on land systems of the
Southern colonies of England
and of the South Atlantic
States, V, 43 et seq.
on Virginia as a royal prov-
ince, I, 23.
on the South in the War for
Southern independence, IV t
499.
Typhoid fever recognized as
a distinct disease, VII, 360.
Typographical societies, V, 133,
144, 145.
Typographical Union, interna-
tional policy of, V, 133.
"Tyranny Unmasked," by Tay-
lor, VII, 193.
INDEX.
239
u
Ulloa, Antonio de, governor of
Louisiana, III, 92.
Unaka pottery, X, 698.
"Uncalled, The," by Dunbar,
VII, 533.
"Uncle Remus," by Harris, VIII,
xlix, Hi.
"Uncle Remus's Magazine," VII,
468.
"Uncle Tom's Cabin," effect of,
in anti-slavery movement,
IV, 414.
influence upon Civil War, III,
303.
"Underground Railroad," statis-
tics of number of slaves res-
cued by, IV, 412.
work of, in freeing slaves, IV,
407.
"Under the Man-Fig," by Davis,
VII, 323.
Underwriters' association of the
South, VI, 622.
Underwriters, National Board
of, VI, 622.
Underwood, John Cox, soldier
and civil engineer, life of,
XII, 490.
Underwood, Joseph Rogers,
soldier and politician, life of,
XII, 490.
Union, Albany plan of, IV, 474.
defined by Hill, IX, 358.
denned by Pinkney, IX, 227.
dissolution of, and its effect
upon trade, IX, 300.
growth of spirit of, in the
colonies, IV, 37.
population of, in 1776, V, 18.
saved by Jackson's victory at
New Orleans, IV, 270.
Stephens' view of, IX, 403.
what it meant to the South to
join, I, xxxii.
"Union and American," edited
by Eastman, VII, 82.
"Union," Nashville, influence of,
VII, 480.
Union League, in Alabama, II,
300, 307.
influence of, in South, IV, 604.
Union League of America, the,
I, 130; III, 470; IV, 605.
Union party, speech by Legare
before the, IX, 271.
Union Theological Seminary, of
Richmond, Va., X, 312.
Unions, printers', V, 145.
Unionists, non-combatant, in
the South, V, 149.
United Confederate Veterans,
the, X, 653.
United Daughters of the Con-
federacy, VII, 517; X, 629.
United Mine Workers, VI, 38-
40.
United States of America, ac-
quisition of territory, IV,
282.
acquisition of territory since
1860, not opposed by the
South, IV, 313.
army, number of soldiers in
1865, IV, 519.
army operations of 1862, IV,
512.
army operations of 1864, IV,
516.
army repulses of 1861, IV,
510.
army statistics of 1861, IV,
504.
assumption of state debts,
IV, 355.
bank, first, V, 447.
boundary settled with Mex-
ico, IV, 277.
coast survey, inaugurated by
Jefferson, VII, 203.
commissioner of education,
first report of, and free
schools in the South, X, 288,
289.
cooperative demonstration
work and Mississippi school-
boy agricultural clubs, X,
377.
creation of first navy, IV, 260.
declaration of war against
Great Britain, 1811, IV, 264.
expansion of, IV, 298.
flag, history of the, IX, 355.
funding of debt of, IV, 354.
230
INDEX.
United States of America, mone-
tary system of, IV, 355.
northeastern boundary ques-
tion, IV, 290.
northwest boundary treaty,
IV, 306.
numerical superiority over
Confederate States, 1861, IV,
503.
population of, in 1861, IV,
501.
relations with Hawaii, IV, 653.
statistics of monetary sys-
tem, IV, 356.
troops, number of, 1861-1865,
IV, 523.
troops, statistics of, IV, 545.
War of 1812, IV, 262.
"United States of America," by
Shaler, VII, 266.
United States Cotton Duck Cor-
poration, VI, 288.
United States Pottery Co., Ben-
nington, Vt., X, 699.
United Synod of the South,
maintains a theological semi-
nary at Charleston, S. C., X,
434.
United textile workers, VI, 37.
Universal suffrage law, the first,
X, 661.
Universal taxation for public
schools, X, 217.
University, Louisiana State, III,
154, 177.
University of Alabama, founded,
II, 275.
buildings destroyed by Fed-
eral cavalry, X, 246.
classical works of, VII, 155.
Alva Woods, president of,
VII, 309.
University of Chattanooga, for-
merly Grant University, X,
232.
University of Florida, first move
to establish. III, 29.
University of Geneva, X, 53.
University of Georgia, II, 238.
founded, II, 150; X, 203.
classical works of, VII, 157.
Abram Baldwin, father of,
VII, 299.
Alonzo Church, president of,
VII, 300.
University of Georgia, Josiah
Meigs, second president of,
VII, 299.
Stephen Olin, professor in,
VII, 307, 308.
University of Kentucky, clas-
sical works of, VII, 154.
University of Maryland, I, 232;
X, 199.
University of Mississippi, II,
398.
founded, II, 390.
F. A. P. Barnard, president of,
VII, 309.
University of Missouri, founded,
III, 253.
University of Nashville, X, 204.
University of North Carolina,
founded, I, 474; X, 193.
economic teaching at, VI, 550.
English chair in, VII, 123.
professors in, VII, 307.
second in influence in South
in ante-bellum period, VII,
149.
University of South Carolina,
II, 120; VII, 548.
University of Tennessee, II,
545; X, 204.
classical work of, VII, 155.
founded, II, 4?9.
University of Texas, III, 444.
opened in 1883, III, 394.
University of the South, Se-
wanee, Tenn., II, 545.
chartered, X, 231.
classical works of, VII, 156.
University of Virginia, chair of
English in, VII, 120, 121.
curriculum influenced by Jef-
ferson's European ideas, X,
56.
economic teaching at, VI, 548.
honor system in, X, 245.
importance of, in higher ed-
ucation, VII, 136.
influence of, in higher educa-
tion far-reaching, X, 56.
influence of, on other states,
VII, 122.
Jefferson's efforts for, X, 53,
221, 222.
Jefferson's plan for, V, 565.
George Long, first professor
of ancient languages in, VII,
136.
INDEX.
231
University of Virginia, Poe at,
VIII, xi.
scarcely less aristocratic than
Oxford itself, X, 91.
setting standard in classical
studies in the South, VII,
136.
special features of, and influ-
ence in Southern education,
X, 222.
work of Price in, VII, 145.
work of Wheeler in, VII, 146.
University, Washington and
Lee, VII, 119, 147; VI, 548;
X, 198, 223, 240.
University, West Virginia, I,
406.
Universities and Professors,
Work of, VII, 136.
Upper South, the, absence of
manufactures, X, 2.
agriculture the preferred pur-
suit, X, 2.
ancestry counts for much less
than formerly, X, 10.
ante-war debts compel many
large landowners to sell
estates, X, 5.
beneficial work of farmers'
institutes, agricultural col-
leges and experiment sta-
tions, X, 12.
black population, decrease of,
X, 14.
cessation of emigration of
small landowners, X, 8.
characteristics of the old so-
ciety of, X, 9.
drift toward sub-division
among small landowners,
X, 5.
expansion of towns acceler-
ated by new railroads, X, 7.
growing sense of the import-
ance of education, X, 11.
increase of local banks, X, 11.
increase of villages, towns
and cities, X, 6.
inducements to aliens to set-
tle, X, 13.
influence of slavery, X, 3.
Upper South, the, laborers and
servants, competition be-
tween white and black, X, 15.
mansions converted into
barns, X, 6.
negroes disposed to keep
within their own social
sphere, X, 15.
negro not sharing equally in
the sub-division of the soil,
X, 14.
negro population, influence of,
X, 14.
negro race, forces destructive
of, X, 15.
Northern capital attracted by
undeveloped territory, X, 7.
present social life of the city,
X, 8.
present social life of the coun-
try, X, 11.
small landowners becoming
better versed in farming
methods, X, 12.
small proportion of foreign-
born citizens, X, 13.
social competition now more
acute than before the war,
X, 9.
social demarcations, X, 2.
social identification with the
North, X, 12.
society now a race open to all
aspirants, X, 10.
the country no longer re-
cruited from the city, X, 10.
younger members of promi-
nent families remove to prin-
cipal cities, X, 6.
Upshur, Abel Parker, statesman,
life of, XII, 491.
Upshur, John Henry, naval of-
ficer, life of, XII, 492.
"Up From Slavery," by B. T.
Washington, VII, 528.
Upton, John, mintmaster-gen-
eral, V, 442.
Urdahl, T. K., economic writer,
VI, 549.
"Use of Globes and Practical
Astronomy," by Wallace,
VII, 207.
233
INDEX.
Vaca, De, early Spanish voyager
and historian, III, 6.
Valentine, Edward Virginius,
sculptor, life of, XII, 492;
reference to, X, 686.
Valentine Museum, in Rich-
mond, built by an English-
man, X, 693.
Van Buren, Jarvis, his collec-
tion of native apples, V, 241.
Van Buren, Martin, attitude to-
ward the annexation of
Texas, III, 372.
influence of South on, IV, 332.
"Van Buren, Martin, Life of,"
by Crockett, II, 495.
Vance, Ada Reedy, poet, life of,
XII. 493.
Vance, William R., on the influ-
ence of real property law in
the economic development of
the South, VI, 32-35.
on property insurance in the
South, V, 631 et seq.; VI,
621 et seq.
Vance, Zebulon Baird, soldier
and politician, life of, XII,
493.
governor of North Carolina,
I, 487, 507; senator, I, 507.
on the necessity of normal
schools for both white and
colored teachers, X, 407.
Vandalia, province of, I, 343.
Vanderbilt. Cornelius, donations
to Vanderbilt University, X,
231.
Vanderbilt University, Nash-
ville, Tenn., II, 544; VII, 127;
IX, 151.
new center of influence in
English, VII, 130.
origin of, X, 231.
Van der Stucken, Frank, com-
poser, VII, 391.
Van Dorn, Earl, soldier, life of,
XII, 495.
raids of, II, 415; III, 310, 410.
Van Evrie, J, H., "Negroes and
Slavery," VII, 181.
Van Horn, F. B., on the produc-
tion of Southern phosphate
rock in relation to commer-
cial fertilizers since 1865, VI,
211 et seq.
Vardaman, James Kimble, ed-
itor and politician, life of,
XII, 496.
governor of Mississippi, II,
455, 461.
Vasco da Gama, voyage of, I, 2.
Vasey, George A., government
botanist, VI, 118.
Vanuxem, L., geologist, VII,
254.
Vaudreuil, royal governor of
Louisiana, III, 91.
Vaughn, W. J., educator, VII,
216.
Vauxhall Garden opened, VII
377.
Veatch, A. C., his discovery of
natural gas, VI, 195.
Vegetable industry, foundation
of, V, 236.
Vegetables, conditions for
growing, VI, 127.
large shipments of, VI, 24.
production of, in the South,
V, 236-242; VI, 127-135.
testing of, at experiment sta-
tions, VI, 475.
Venable, Abraham B., senator,
life of, XII, 497.
Venable, Abraham Woodson,
congressman, life of, XII,
497.
Venable, Charles Scott, educa-
tor, life of, XII, 497.
"Elements of Geometry," VII,
210.
Venable, Francis Preston, edu-
cator, life of, XII, 498.
"Development of the Periodic
Law," VII, 231.
"History of Chemistry," VII,
231.
"Study of the Atom," VII,
231.
Venison, formerly a staple com-
modity, V, 263.
price of, VI, 170.
INDEX.
233
Verrazano, Giovanni, follows
coast of South Carolina, II,
2.
Vespucius, Americus, voyage of,
I, 1.
Vessels, colonial, V, 339.
Vest, George Graham, senator,
life of, XII, 499.
speech against imperialism,
IX, 79.
Veterans, Confederate, pen-
sions, homes and relief for,
VI, 446 et seq.
Vethake, Henry, economist, V,
574.
Vezey, Denmark, plot against
South Carolina whites, II,
48.
Vice-presidents, Southern, I,
xxxv.
Vicksburg, Miss., campaign
against, II, 413.
capture of, IV, 518.
population in 1837, II, 389.
Vignaud, Henry, author, VII,
325.
Viles, Jonas, on the provincial
period of Missouri, III, 183.
on the territorial period of
Missouri, III, 197.
Villescas, Pedro de, Spanish
commandant in Texas, III,
340.
Vincennes, Ind., captured by
Clark, 1778, IV, 73.
"Vindication of the Argument a
Priori," by Beasley, VII,
264.
"Viper," the, in North Caro-
lina waters, IX, 8.
VIRGINIA
abolition of slavery favored
by many of the old regime,
X, 89.
abolition sentiment in, I, 110.
African slaves in, X, 80.
all officials save members of
the general assembly ap-
pointed by the president, X,
188.
arms of, facing, I, 128.
as a royal province, I, 23.
attitude of church in, toward
the Revolution, X, 444.
Virginia, attitude toward West
Virginia in debt question, I,
409.
attitude toward the English
commonwealth, IX, 2.
Bacon's rebellion, IX, 4.
banking in, V, 463.
battlefields of, I, 122.
becomes a royal province, X,
98.
beginning of, I, 1.
Berkeley on religious instruc-
tion in, X, 197.
Berkeley's administration, IX,
2.
bill of rights, I, 89; X, 447,
475.
boundary disputes with Mary-
land, IV, 9.
boundary question with
North Carolina, I, 437.
boundary disputes with Ten-
nessee, IV, 140.
boundary disputes with West
Virginia, IV, 143.
boundaries of, at close of
Revolution, I, 101.
Burk's history of, VII, 99.
cattle imported into, V, 246.
causes for separation from
West Virginia, I, 366.
cavalier, the, popular tradition
and, X, 44.
characteristics of the men and
women of the old regime, X,
92.
charter annulled, 1624, IV, 22.
cities of, I, 143.
clergy in, decrease of, X, 454.
coal deposits in, I, 143.
coal mining in, V, 291: VI,
ITS.
coke production in, VI, 183.
college work in, VII, 152.
colonial expansion in, V, 36.
colonial planter, characteris-
tics of, X, 85.
colonials essentially English,
X, 83.
colonists and their first char-
ter, X, 86.
colony, a democracy by 1619,
X, 97.
colony, contrasted with New
England colony, IX, 88.
234
INDEX.
Virginia, colony, religious im-
pulse of, X, 438.
commonwealth of, I, 90.
commonwealth period in, I,
27.
condition at close of Civil
War, I, 141.
conflict between slaveholder
and non-slaveholder, X, 88.
consents to separation of
Kentucky, I, 264.
conservatism of colonists in,
X, 80.
considerate treatment of
slaves in, X, 94.
constitution, adoption of, I,
88.
constitution of 1776, as affect-
ing West Virginia, I, 350.
constitutional convention of
1850, I, 362.
contrast of old and new so-
cial conditions in, I, 144.
contribution of, to medical
profession, during war, VII,
358.
controversies over boundaries
with Maryland, IV, 138.
convention of 1829, I, 108; X,
88.
copper mining in, V, 281, 282.
Council and House of Bur-
gesses, X, 81.
council of, X, 67.
courts of the royal governors,
X, 84.
creates the county of Ken-
tucky, I, 247.
debt dispute of, with West
Virginia, VI, 530.
distribution of public lands,
in, I, 48.
early acquiescence to Union
after war, I, 128.
early boundaries of, I, 15.
early cotton factories, V, 329.
early efforts to repress intoxi-
cation in, X, 568.
early internal improvements,
I, 106.
early population of, I, 38.
early state debt, I, 106.
early state political affairs, I,
107.
economic and social life of, I,
46.
Virginia, editors, VII, 474.
education a characteristic of
the social and political en-
vironment, X, 91.
educational institutions in, be-
fore the war, X, 198.
emancipation of slaves pro-
vided for by many owners
in, X, 89.
English actors in coloniaJ
theatres, X, 84.
English influence on young
aristocrats, X, 83.
English studies in, VII, 118.
entail and primogeniture abol-
ished in, X, 86.
established church attacked
in, IX, 6.
established church in, X, 437.
fifth convention, I, 88.
financial exhaustion in, V,
540.
first American brick burned
in, X, 698.
first convention, I, 78.
first law in, for protecting
game, V, 264.
first negroes brought to, V,
659.
first public surveyor in, V, 46.
first road laws passed in, V,
343.
first shipload of colonists, X,
77.
first speech against England,
by Bacon, IX, 5.
first state constitution in 1776,
IV, 108.
first steps to independence,
IX, 89.
fisheries of, VI, 159.
four physical and political
regions, I, 361.
fourth convention, I, 87.
from colony to common-
wealth, I, 73.
general assembly of, passes
resolution against stamp act,
IV, 47.
generals in Civil War, I, 122.
geological surveys in, V, 555.
gives land for Transylvania
University, X, 204.
gold mining in, V, 279; VI,
217.
INDEX.
235
Virginia, governors, humble
origin of many, X, 663.
gradual sub-division of lands
and negroes, X, 90.
growth of republican govern-
ment administered by white
men in, X, 82.
growth of population in, from
1642 to 1790, V, 13, 14.
hemp and flax culture in, V,
230 et seq.
high type of post-Revolution
womanhood, X, 90.
home circle, the, after the
Revolution, X, 90.
home life in colonial, I, 65.
home of statesmen and em-
pire-builders, X, 85.
hospitality, inception of, X, 84.
House of Burgesses, and
Patrick Henry, IX, 18.
importation of slaves pro-
hibited, X, 87.
in the Civil War, I, 115; X,
78.
in the Confederacy, I, 113.
in the new nation, I, 127.
in the Revolution, I, 90.
interferes in affairs of North
Carolina, IV, 12.
internal improvements in, V,
5.
interest in settlement of
North Carolina, I, 413.
invasion of, by Cornwallis, IV,
83.
iron industry in, I, 144; V, 284,
285, 305.
iron ores in, VI, 223, 224.
Jews in, X, 557.
labor in colonial, I, 50.
labor development in, V, 87.
land patents in, V, 45, 46.
lead industry in, V, 286, 287.
leadership of, in colonies, VII,
272.
liberalism in, IV, 22.
life in old V., described by
Kennedy, VIII, xxxv.
life in old V., depicted in
"The Virginia Comedians,"
VIII, xxxix.
list of governors, III, 471.
literature less attractive than
the law, X, 92.
Virginia, loan of, to the Federal
government, V, 540.
local offices held by gentry in,
X, 81.
loss in population caused by
Civil War, I, 125.
loss to state by separation of
West Virginia, I, 133.
make-up of native English
element in, X, 102.
manganese in, VI, 230.
market gardening in, I, 142.
martial law proclaimed in,
1775, IV, 68.
Maryland boundaries settled
in, 1877, IV, 140.
mechanic and industrial arts
almost unknown to those
living upon the soil in, X, 92.
men of the old regime formu-
late first written constitution
of republican government, X,
93.
military operations in, during
Revolution, I, 95.
mixed settlers of, V, 13.
natural resources of, I, 142.
navigation laws in, IX, 3.
navy in Revolution, I, 97.
negro problem in, I, 136.
New England influence in col-
lege life of, VII, 307.
notable sons of, X, 85.
old regime in, X, 77.
opposition to Federal consti-
tution, I, 103.
opposition to ratification of
constitution, IV, 131.
organization of labor in, V, 86.
organizes the Revolution, IX,
23.
passes earliest quarantine act,
VII, 357.
passing of the old regime
with the abolition of slavery,
X, 95.
patriots whose work led to
the Revolution, IX, 12.
penal servitude in, V, 130.
penitentiary system establish-
ed in, V, 131.
plan for new constitution,
principal features of, IV, 118.
ports of, V, 412.
private ownership of land be-
gan in, V, 44.
236
INDEX.
Virginia, progress in tobacco
manufacture, V, 261.
progress of iron industry in,
VI, 273.
Protestantism in, X, 19.
public debt of, V, 542.
qualities of the citizen sol-
diery in, X, 90.
racial permanence in, X, 79.
ratines constitution in 1788,
IV, 132.
recent political conditions in,
I, 135.
Reconstruction in, I, 130.
Reconstruction conditions in,
VI, 528.
relations with West Virginia,
I, 390.
religious liberty, fight for, X,
478.
religious revival in colony of,
IX. 6.
resolutions against stamp act,
IV, 46.
resolves of 1769, IV, 54; IX,
20.
resolves adopted by North
Carolina, Delaware, Rhode
Island and New York, IV,
56.
respect for women in, X, 87.
restoration to Union, I, 132.
"restored government" under
Johnson, I, 127.
revenue of, in Confederate
currency, V, 541.
revival of prosperity in, VI,
530.
Revolutionary debt, V, 540.
rice brought to, by Sir Wil-
liam Berkeley, V, 169.
rival state governments dur-
ing war, I, 127.
salt industry in, V, 295; VI,
249.
secession convention, I, 368.
secession of, I, 111, 117.
second convention, I, 80.
services of, to New England,
X, 440.
settlement of state debt, VI,
529.
sheep imported into, V, 247.
sheep industry of, V, 249.
slavery and the old regime,
X, 87.
Virginia, slavery made legal in,
V, 106.
slavery, persistence of, X, 89.
slavery the cornerstone of
society, X, 82.
social relations, exclusiveness
of, in, X, 81.
spinning and weaving taught
in, V, 248.
spirit of freedom which gave
rise to the Revolution, X, 86.
State Agricultural Society
organized, V, 82.
state debt of, I, 133.
state finances of, V, 540-543;
VI, 528-532.
structure of society, and of
government in, X, 79.
struggle for religious liberty
in, X, 467.
super-eminent above her con-
temporary civil communities,
X, 96.
surveyor-generalship in, V, 46.
taxation in, V, 541.
Tennessee boundary settled,
1900, IV, 142.
territorial acquisitions in Rev-
olutionary War, IV, 301.
third convention, I, 85.
tobacco culture in, V, 14, 158
et seq., 658.
tobacco trade, growth of, X,
80.
trial and development of to-
bacco in, V, 152.
troops in the Civil War, I,
121.
universal education in, I, 137.
West Virginia boundary set-
tled, IV, 145.
why so named, I, 4.
yields to the commonwealth,
IV, 8.
See also Northern Neck.
"Virginia," by Beverly, VII, 94.
"Virginia," by Stith, VII, 94.
Virginia Bill of Rights, Mason's,
VII, 189.
"Virginia, Brief and True Re-
port of the New Found Land
of," by Harriott, VII, 240.
"Virginia Comedians, The," by
Cooke, VIII, xxxix.
extract from, VIII, 159, 163.
INDEX.
237
Virginia Company, the, com-
pelled the raising of hemp
and flax, V, 229.
granted charter, IV, 4.
labor methods, V, 88-91.
Virginia Education Commission
and the correlation of
schools, X, 423.
"Virginia Gazette," VII, 3.
founded by Parks, VII, 414.
published by Phillips, VII,
470.
Virginia Historical Society, VII,
511.
"Virginia Lawyer, A," by Ken-
nedy, VIII, 140.
Virginia Medical College, Rich-
mond, quaint architectural
features of, X, 694.
Virginia Military Institute, X,
199, 246.
Virginia Normal and Industrial
Institute, I, 140.
"Virginia, Notes On," by Jeffer-
son, VII, 180.
Virginia Polytechnic Institute,
I, 140.
"Virginia Resolutions," by Mad-
ison, VII, 192.
Virginia Union University, X,
252.
"Virginia University Magazine,"
VII, 128.
Virginia, University of, V, 565;
VI, 548; VII, 120, 122, 136,
145, 146; VIII, xi; X, 53, 56,
91, 221, 222, 245.
"Virginians, The," W. M.
Thackeray's, and eighteenth-
century life in Virginia, X,
45.
Virginia and the Mother Coun-
try, I, 64.
"Virginians in a New Country,"
by Baldwin, VIII, 202.
"Virginians of the Valley," by
Ticknor, VII, 20, 29.
"Vision of Poesy," by Timrod,
. y. n 22 -
Visiting nurse work, inaugurat-
ed in Richmond, Va., X, 626.
Vital statistics, lack of, in the
rural South, VI, 594.
of the twelfth census, VI,
597.
"Voice of the People, The," by
Glasgow, VIII, Ixiii.
extract from, VIII, 370.
Volumes prepared by historical
societies, VII, 511.
Volunteer state, why Tennessee
was so called, II, 478."
W
Wade, John, founder of the
"Constitutional Conserva-
tor," VII, 420.
Waddel, James, minister, life
of, XII, 499.
preaches to Presbyterian
James Gordon's guests, X, 69.
Waddell, Alfred Moore, lawyer,
life of, XII, 500.
Waddell, Hugh, soldier, life of,
XII, 500.
activities in Revolution, IX,
7.
and the regulator troubles, I,
455.
Waddell, James Iredell, naval
officer, life of, XII, 501.
in the Civil War, I, 494.
Waddell, Moses, clergyman and
educator, life of, XII, 502.
and Wilmington Academy, X,
202.
early educator in South Caro-
lina, II, 50; VII, 157, 160.
Waddell's school, South Caro-
lina, X, 276.
Wages, agricultural, fluctuations
in, V, 426 et seq.
public regulation of, V, 476.
Waggener family, the, in West
Virginia, X, 148.
Waggener, Francis Leslie, edu-
cator, life of, XII, 502.
Wagner, Peter, editor of the
"Courier," VII, 481.
Wahoo Swamp, battle of, III,
33.
238
INDEX.
Waite, Charles E., chemist, VII,
231.
Wait, Samuel, president of
Wake Forest College, VII,
307.
Wake Forest College, North
Carolina, X, 200.
Samuel Wait, president of,
VII, 307.
J. B. White, president of, VII,
307.
Walford, Frank, in the Civil
War, I, 293.
Walker, Abram Joseph, law-
yer, life of, XII, 503.
Walker, Alexander, lawyer and
historian, life of, XII, 503.
editor of "The Delta," VII,
428.
in early Arkansas politics,
III, 274.
Walker, David, chairman of
Arkansas secession conven-
tion, III, 305.
Walker, David, negro author of
pamphlet appeal, 1829, IV,
406.
Walker, David S., governor of
Florida, III, 64.
Walker, Francis A., on paper
money banking, V, 449, 451.
Walker, J. M., "Law Concern-
ing Real Estate," VII, 331.
"Theory of Common Law,"
VII, 332.
Walker, Leroy Pope, statesman,
life of, XII, 504.
secretary of war, of the Con-
federacy, II, 290.
Walker, Norman, on the South-
ern Press, VII, 402-436.
Walker, Richard Wilde, sena-
tor, life of, XII, 505.
Walker, Robert J., drafts new
tariff act, 1845, IV, 372; V,
492.
Walker, Thomas, pioneer, life
of, XII, 505.
explores Kentucky, I, 237.
explores Tennessee, II, 465.
Walker, William, adventurer,
life of, XII, 506.
execution of, IV, 256.
filibustering expeditions of,
IV, 254, 292.
Walker, William Henry Talbot,
soldier, life of, XII, 508.
in command of Georgia state
troops, II, 181.
Wallace, David D., on indigo
culture in the South, V, 178
et seq.
on South Carolina a state in
the Union, II, 39.
Wallace, James, "Geometry and
Calculus," VII, 207.
"Steam Engine and Railroad,"
VII, 207.
"Use of Globes and Practical
Astronomy," VII, 207.
Wallace school, VII, 172.
Wallis, Severn Teackle, lawyer,
and author, life of, XII, 508.
Walsingham, Mary, author, life
of, XII, 509.
Walthall, Edward Gary, sena-
tor, life of, XII, 510.
in Mississippi politics, II,
447, 460.
Walton, George, signer of the
Declaration of Independence,
life of, XII, 510.
in the Revolution, IX, 28.
signs Declaration of Inde-
pendence, for Georgia, II,
146.
War amendment to the Consti-
tution, IV, 563.
War and peace, Calhoun upon,
IX, 304.
War and Reconstruction, I, xlv.
"War Between the States," by
Stephens, VII, 107; IX, 101.
War department, Federal, ne-
groes organized into labor
colonies by, V, 150.
"War Flowers," by Augustin,
VII, 325.
War of 1812, the, with England,
effect of, IV, 262, 284.
Alabama in, II, 266.
chief cotton market closed by,
V, 202.
declaration of hostilities in,
IV, 264.
disastrous to tobacco planters,
V, 163.
Georgia in, II, 157.
Kentucky in, I, 278.
Louisiana in, III, 126.
INDEX.
239
War of 1812, the, Maryland in,
I, 190.
Mississippi in, II, 365.
paralyzes Southern industry,
V, 383.
Tennessee in, II, 486.
West Virginia in, I, 353.
War, preparations for, in 1775,
IV, 67.
Ward Seminary, X, 254.
Warehouses, control of, by
trade combinations, VI, 577.
Warfield, Catherine Anne, au-
thor, life of, XII, 511.
Warner, Charles Dudley, on
provincialism, X, 45.
Warrington, Lewis, naval officer,
life of, XII, 512.
Warrior river, navigation of, VI,
649.
Wartberg, Tenn., founded by
Germans, X, 149.
Warwick China Co., of Wheel-
ing, Va., X, 704.
Washborne, Cephas, founds mis-
sion in Arkansas, III, 269.
Washington, Booker Taliaferro,
educator and author, life of,
XII, 513.
and education for the negro,
VII, 112, 525; X, 32.
appointed field agent of
Southern Education Board,
X, 391.
author of "Up From Slavery,"
VII, 528.
policies of, VII, 525.
writings of, VII, 528.
Washington, Bushrod, jurist,
life of, XII, 513.
Washington, George, soldier and
first president of the United
States, life of, XII, 514.
advocacy of scientific agricul-
ture, V, 155.
aid to agriculture, V, 81, 248,
249.
appeals to congress for
troops, I, 94.
appointed commander-in-chief
of United States army, 1798,
IV, 68, 261.
assumes command of Ameri-
can forces, IV, 68.
birthplace of, frontispiece,
XII.
Washington, George, character
of, IV, 85.
engaged by Lord Fairfax to
survey his frontier estates,
X, 105.
farewell address to the army,
IV, 88.
first military service, I, 41.
first mules in America pre-
sented to, V, 82.
his flock of sheep, V, 248.
home of, facing, XII, 514.
Houdon's statue of, X, 683.
in management of a canal
company, V, 341.
interest in cotton growing, V,
200.
letter of, to Count de Roch-
ambeau, facing, XII, 522.
letters of, relating to Phila-
delphia convention, IV, 116.
made president of Philadel-
phia convention, 1787, IV,
114.
on agricultural methods, V,
218.
on intercourse between North
and South, VI, 631.
resigns commission as com-
mander-in-chief, IV, 85.
sent against West Virginia
Indians, I, 340.
sent by Virginia to demand
that the French relinquish
Fort Duquesne, IV, 40.
slavery condemned by, V, 109.
statement at the first Vir-
ginia convention, I, 79.
surveys Fairfax lands in West
Virginia, I, 338.
takes command of American
armies, I, 85.
tomb of, facing, XII, 526.
type of governing Southerner,
VII, 276.
"Washington, A Political Epis-
tle to," by Wharton, VII, 4.
"Washington, Biography of," by
Marshall, VII, 97.
Washington, John Augustine,
soldier, life of, XII, 528.
Washington, John Marshall,
soldier, life of, XII, 529.
Washington, name proposed
for state of Mississippi, II,
374.
240
INDEX.
Washington Academy, Alabama,
founded, II, 275.
Washington and Lee University,
Virginia, VII, 119; X, 198.
classical work of, VII, 147.
earlier names of, X, 223.
economic teaching at, VI, 548.
first institution in country to
adopt Roman pronunciation,
VII, 147.
growth in national character,
X, 240.
Robert E. Lee, president of,
VII, 124.
Washington College, Maryland,
X, 199.
Washington College, Tennessee,
chartered, X, 224.
Washington, D. C., attack upon
city by British, I, 192; IV,
270.
capture of, by Confederate
army, possible after battle of
Bull Run, IV, 546.
central trade union formed in,
V, 145.
Columbia Typographical So-
ciety in, V, 145.
street railways in, V, 379.
Washington District, in Ten-
nessee, II, 467.
"Washington Gazette," publish-
ed by Moore, VII, 470.
"Washington, The," printed by
More, VII, 414.
Washington "Union," edited by
Thomas Ritchie.
"Washingtonian, The," labor
paper, V, 145.
Water, culture of rice by, V,
170.
Waterfowl, numerous in the
South, VI, 170.
Watermelons, production of, in
Georgia and Florida, VI, 132.
Water power, changes from, to
steam power, VI, 560.
developed and undeveloped,
in the South, table of, VI,
566.
development of, in the South,
1870, 1880, and 1908, VI, 560,
561.
Southern, future possibilities
of, VI, 636.
Water power, Southern, utiliza-
tion of, V, 580 et seq.; VI,
560 et seq.
study of, by stream gauging,
VI, 563.
Water routes, best for trans-
portation, V, 337.
Waters-Pierce Oil Company,
convictions of, VI, 460, 461.
Waterways, coastal, V, 336.
decline of their use, VI, 648.
early commerce on, V, 340.
government aid to improve-
ment of, VI, 335-338.
influence of, in early develop-
ment of the South, VI, 647.
inland, V, 336.
in the South, V, 336 et seq.
navigable throughout the
year, V, 336.
settlement on, V, 337.
Southern, renewed develop-
ment and use of, VI, 648.
Watkins, Thomas, preaches in
Virginia, IX, 6.
Watson, Thomas E., lawyer,
life of, XII, 529.
editor Southern oratory, IX.
in Georgia politics, II, 234.
on Political Oratory of the
South, IX, 87.
on Southern ideals, IX, x.
on Southern oratory during
the formative and Revolu-
tionary periods, IX, 11.
on Southern oratory during
the colonial period, IX, 1.
on the liquor problem, IX, 85.
plea for Southern political in-
fluence, IX, 81.
portrait, facing, IX, 454.
speech on "Truth in its Re-
lation to Individuals, Pro-
fessions, Laws and Institu-
tions," IX, 454.
Watt, James, and the industrial
revolution, X, 210.
Watterson, Harvey Magee, law-
yer, life of, XII, 531.
Watterson, Henry, journalist
and orator, life of, XII, 531.
editor of the Louisville "Cou-
rier-Journal," VII, 71, 482.
"Oddities in Southern Life
and Character," VII, 71.
INDEX.
241
Watterson, Henry, speech on
"Once a Kentuckian, Always
a Kentuckian," IV, 472.
Watts, Thomas Hill, governor,
life of, XII, 533.
attorney general of the Con-
federacy, II, 290.
Wauchope, George Armstrong,
educator, life of, XII, 533.
Wautauga Association, II, 466.
Wayside hospitals, women's
work in, X, 625.
Wayland, Francis, X, 517.
Wayne, Anthony, in the Revo-
lution, II, 149.
Waynesville, battle of, I, 494.
"Way Americans Go Down
Hill, The," by Thorpe, VII,
81.
"Way of the Transgressor,
The," by Johnston, VIII,
400.
Wealth, in hands of the few, V,
83.
material of the South, I, li.
new sources of, in the South,
VI, 394.
of the South, V, 624 et seq.;
VI, 614 et seq.
sources of the new accumula-
tion, VI, 615.
Southern, post-bellum, VI,
615.
Southern states that lead in,
VI, 395.
Weatherford, William, life of,
XII, 534.
chief of Creek Indians, II,
267.
uprising of, II, 487.
"The Cornerstone of the
Creek Confederacy," X, 162.
"Weather signs," VII, 60.
Weaving, revival of, in social
settlement work, X, 619.
taught in Virginia, V, 248.
Webb, De Witt, on Florida,
1512-1819, III, 1.
Webb, J. M., educator, VII,
170.
Webb, William Robert, educa-
tor, life of, XII, 534; refer-
ence to, VII, 170.
Webb school, VII, 170.
16
Webber, Charles Wilkins, ex-
plorer and author, life of,
XII, 535.
Webster, Daniel, definition of
oratory, IX, 70.
on his "Reply to Hayne," IX,
30.
replies to Calhoun's speech
on the Force Bill, IX, 43.
the "Great New Englander,"
III, 227.
victorious over Hayne, de-
feated by Calhoun, IX, 94.
Yancey upon the conduct of,
IX, 329.
Wedgewood, Josiah, uses clays
imported from the South,
X, 698.
Weeden, (Miss) Howard, author
and artist, life of, XII, 536.
Weedpn, George, in the Revo-
lution, I, 93.
Weeks, Stephen Beauregard,
educator, life of, XII, 537.
economic writer, VI, 548.
on church history, VII, 112.
"Weekly Floridan," Tallahassee,
Fla., VII, 419.
"Weekly Telegraph," Austin,
Tex., VII, 423.
Weems, Mason Locke, author,
life of, XII, 537.
Weiss, Susan Archer Talley,
author, life of, XII, 539.
Wells, John, editor of "The
Royal Gazette," VII, 418.
Wells, J. Madison, governor of
Louisiana, III, 147.
Wells, Sabina, X, 703.
"We must fight," quotation in
Henry's speech, IX, 173.
Wesley, John and Charles,
visit Georgia, II, 127; X,
460.
sends Whitefield to Georgia,
II, 131.
Wesleyan Female College,
Macon, Ga., X, 254.
West Augusta Batallion, sent
to join Washington, I, 348.
West Augusta, district of, I,
344.
West, the, in relation to the
South, V, 662.
West Florida, attempt to form
state of, II, 365.
242
INDEX.
West Florida, bounds defined,
II, 262.
boundary dispute with Ala-
bama, IV, 150.
boundary question, II, 355.
efforts to purchase, IV, 305.
included by French in Louis-
iana Purchase, III, 18.
part of, annexed to Louisiana,
III, 112.
seized by Spaniards, III, 95.
under the British, II, 255,
347.
under the Spanish, II, 260,
353.
West Florida Seminary, III, 39.
West Indies, British, closed to
American traders, V, 381.
early exports to, V, 338.
exports to, V, 393, 394.
evils of the factorage system
in, V, 400.
ports of, opened to American
commerce, V, 386.
West, Joseph, colonial gover-
nor of South Carolina, II, 7.
West, Thomas, Baron Delawarr
or Delaware, colonial gover-
nor, life of, XII, 539.
elected governor of Virginia,
1637, IV, 23.
Western and Atlantic Railroad,
development of, IV, 166, 170.
Western Baptist Theological In-
stitute, X, 313.
Western Maryland College, X,
251.
Western State Hospital, X, 601.
Western territory, census of, by
Southern states, IV, 93.
Westsylvania, province of, I,
344.
Weston, George M., "Progress
of Slavery in the United
States," VII, 187.
WEST VIRGINIA
admitted into Union, I, 382.
attitude on slavery, I, 367.
border troubles during war,
I, 386.
boundary disputes with Vir-
ginia, IV, 143.
boundary question with Mary-
land, I, 408.
West Virginia, causes for sep-
aration from Virginia, I, 366.
Charleston convention of
1841, I, 361.
coal mining in, V, 291; VI,
182, 183.
coke production in, VI, 183.
conditions prior to Civil War,
I, 359.
constitutional debt, provisions
of, VI, 522.
constitution of 1872, I, 392.
convention of 1861, I, 371.
debt dispute of, with Virginia,
VI, 523.
development after Revolution,
I, 350.
District of West Augusta, I,
344.
early development of, I, 106.
early explorations, I, 40, 334.
early inhabitants, I, 334.
early settlements, I, 336.
early state relations with
Virginia, I, 390.
education, I, 404.
effect of Virginia secession
convention upon, I, 368.
effect of Virginia constitution
of 1776 in, I, 350.
emancipation in, V, 150.
end of Indian warfare in, I,
350.
fight for democratic govern-
ment, I, 357.
first newspaper, I, 353.
French and Indian wars, I,
341.
geography of, I, 333.
German prisoners of war, on
Washington's invitation, re-
main as settlers, X, 148.
history of, I, 333.
immigration, I, 403.
in the Civil War, I, 385.
in the Revolution, I, 347.
in the War of 1812, I, 353.
industrial progress, I, 398.
interstate relations, I, 407.
iron ores in, VI, 223, 224.
Kentucky border feuds, I,
407.
lack of representation in Vir-
ginia assembly, I, 361.
lack of sympathy with Vir-
ginia, I, 363.
INDEX.
243
West Virginia, list of governors,
III, 475.
location of early forts, I, 340.
Lord Fairfax patent, I, 337.
loss caused to Virginia by
separation of, I, 133.
material wealth, I, 403.
mining in, I, 399.
new state issue in congress,
I, 380.
not included in first grant to
Virginia Company, I, 334.
Old Field schools, I, 353.
petroleum in, I, 399; VI, 187.
physical and political regions,
I, 361.
political conditions during
war, I, 386.
politics since war, I, 391.
population at time of Revolu-
tion, I, 342.
population in 1800, I, 352.
population in 1830, I, 360.
population since war, I, 401.
position of restored govern-
ment toward slavery, I, 379.
province of Vandalia, I, 343.
province of Westsylvania, I,
344.
raid of John Brown, I, 363.
rival government to Virginia,
I, 127.
salt industry in, V, 296; VI,
249.
salt production more than
doubled, VI, 257.
seat of restored Virginian
government at Wheeling, I,
377.
settlements prior to Revolu-
tion, I, 341.
share in the Virginia Federal
convention, I, 352.
state finances of, VI, 522-528.
steps to statehood, I, 365.
taxation in, I, 396.
tax laws of, VI, 524-528.
transportation, I, 400.
the Greenbrier Land Com-
pany, I, 338.
value of manufactures in, VI,
182.
Virginia boundary settled,
IV, 145.
Virginia debt question, I, 409.
wars with Indians, I, 339, 345.
West Virginia certificates, I,
411.
West Virginia University,
founding of, I, 406.
"We, the People," instead of
"We, the States," quotation
in Henry's speech, IX, 177.
Wetherill, Julia K., (Baker),
poet, VI I", 325.
Wetzel, Ludwig, becomes
hunter of Indians, X, 148.
Wharton, Charles Henry, cler-
gyman, life of, XII, 540.
"A Political Epistle to George
Washington," VII, 4.
Wharton, John A., lawyer and
soldier, life of, XII, 541.
Wharves, municipal, VI, 445.
"What I Did With My Fifty
Millions," by Bagby, VII,
84.
Wheat, colonial export of, V,
308.
cultivated in Virginia, V, 219.
distribution of, VI, 406.
first sowing of, at Jamestown,
V, 219.
Leiter corner in, VI, 575.
"Old Hutch's" attempt to
corner, VI, 575.
relative production of, in
Southern states, VI, 115.
shipments of, through South-
ern ports, VI, 355.
speculative trade in, VI, 412.
why not raised in Southern
regions, V, 219.
Wheatley, Phyllis, negro
writer, VII, 531.
Wheeler, A. S., chemist, VII,
231.
Wheeler, John H., educator,
VII, 145.
tribute to, by Bocock, VII,
146.
work of, in University of
Virginia, VII, 146.
Wheeler, Joseph, soldier, life
of, XII, 541.
in the war with Spain, II,
236, 322; X, 116.
opposes Sherman in Georgia,
II, 208.
patriotic address, IX, 80.
portrait, facing, II, 322.
244
INDEX.
Wheeler, Junius B., soldier.
life of, XII, 544.
Wheeling, W. Va., convention
of 1861, I, 371.
laid out by Ebenezer Zahn,
X, 148.
Wheeling Potteries Co., the,
vicissitudes of, X, 104.
Whelan, Richard Vincent,
bishop, life of, XII, 545.
"Whig, Knoxville," influence of,
VII, 480.
Whig party, vote of 1832-1840,
IV, 325.
vote of 1844-1856, IV, 328.
the party of the aristocracy
of the South, IV, 342.
Whiskey insurrection, the, I,
351.
Whi taker, J. J., in the Civil War,
II, 181.
White, Edward Douglass, jurist,
life of, XII, 546.
White, Henry, diplomat, life of,
XII, 546.
White, Henry Alexander, histo-
rian and educator, life of,
XII, 547.
on South Carolina, 1562-1789,
II, 1.
on the finances of South Car-
olina, V, 532 et seq.
White, Henry Clay, scientist
and educator, life of, XII,
547.
on improvement of plantation
and farm production, V, 80
et seq.
on the development of a pro-
ductive acre in settlement of
the colonial South to 1783,
V, 34 et seq.
on the expansion of the area
of cultivation, 1783-1865, V,
40 et seq.
on the South's contributions
to philosophy, VII, 259.
White, Hugh Lawson, jurist,
^life of, XII, 548.
in Tennessee politics, II, 492.
White, Israel, geologist, life of,
XII, 549.
White, I. C., on burning petro-
leum springs, VI, 187.
White, J. Campbell, X, 503, 505,
507.
White, John, and the Roanoke
colony, I, 4; VII, 89.
White, John Blake, painter and
dramatist, life of, XII, 549;
reference to, X, 680.
White, J. B., president of Wake
Forest University, VII, 307.
White, Joseph Hill, physician,
life of, XII, 550.
White, J. J., educator, VII, 153.
White, Octavius Augustus, phy-
sician and surgeon, life of,
XII, 551.
"White Brotherhood," the, a
Reconstruction secret so-
ciety, IV, 621.
"White Camelia, Knights of
the," II, 468.
White control, how maintained,
I, xlvii.
White labor, hired, scarcity of,
V, 84.
"White League," the, a Recon-
struction secret society, IV,
621.
White people of the South,
three-fourths of them not
connected with slavery, X,
656.
White ware, manufacture of,
VI, 208.
White, Thomas W., founder of
the "Southern Literary Mes-
senger," VII, 437.
White, W. N., cultivates and
writes on fruits, V, 241.
Whites, economic emancipation
of, by the destruction of
slavery, VI, 16.
mountain, as an industrial
labor factor, VI, 58-61.
progress of, since the Recon-
struction, VI, 15.
Whitaker, Alexander, "Apostle
of the Indians," X, 439.
Whitefield, George, and his
work in the United States,
X, 460.
approval of slavery, II, 132; V,
100.
establishes Orphan House at
Bethesda, Ga., X, 189.
preaches in Virginia, IX, 6.
sent to Georgia by John Wes-
ley, II, 131.
INDEX.
245
Whitefield, John B., on tele-
graphic communication in
the South, V, 372-376; VI,
339-344.
on the development of tele-
graph and telephone commu-
nication in the South, VI,
339 et seq.
Whitemarsh, Thomas, founder
of South Carolina "Gazette,"
VII, 416.
Whiting, William Henry Chase,
soldier, life of, XII, 552.
Whitman, Walt, editor of "The
Crescent," New Orleans, VII,
428.
Whitney, Eli, invents cotton
gin, I, xl; II, 155; V, 109, 201,
660; X, xxii.
Whitsitt, William Heth, clergy-
man, life of, XII, 553.
"Who Were the Confederate
Dead?" speech by Brecken-
ridge, W. C. P., IX, 418.
Why the Southern Confederacy
Failed, by Jones, IV, 544-552.
Whyte, William Pinkney, law-
yer, life of, XII, 553.
elected governor, I, 217; sena-
tor from Maryland, I, 215.
Wickham, William, X, 439.
Wigfall, Louis Trezevant, sena-
tor, life of, XII, 554.
oratorical style, IX, 68.
Wiggins, Benjamin Lawton, ed-
ucator, life of, XII, 555.
educator, VII, 156.
Wilberforce University, the first
for negroes, VII, 538.
Wilcox, Cadmus Marcellus, sol-
dier, life of, XII, 555.
Wilcox, John Henry, organist,
VII, 390.
Wilcox, W. F., on proportion of
negro cotton labor, VI, 97.
Wilde, Richard Henry, poet, life
of, XII, 556.
"Lament of the Captive," VII,
325.
"My Life is Like the Summer
Rose," VII, 13.
"Ode to Ease," VII, 14.
"To the Mocking-bird," VII,
14.
Wiley, Edwin, on libraries of
the Southern states, VII, 484.
Wiley, E. E., president of
Emory and Henry College,
VII, 308.
Wiley University, Texas, X, 251.
Wilkes, Captain, arrests Con-
federate commissioners on
"Trent," IV, 533.
Wilkinson, James, soldier, life
of, XII, 558.
explores Arkansas river, III,
274.
first territorial governor of
Missouri, III, 199.
governor of territory of Ar-
kansas, III, 273.
in Mississippi colony, II, 358.
tried by court-martial, IV,
266.
"Wilkinson Trial, The," speech
by Prentiss, IX, 390.
Willard Cooperative Colony,
VI, 582.
Willey, W. T., share in West
Virginia separation, I, 370.
Willey, William P., on West
Virginia steps to statehood,
I, 365.
William and Mary College,
Virginia, founded in 1693, I,
35; X, 191.
a great school for churchmen
and statesmen, X, 239.
and the education of minis-
ters, X, 222.
appointment of county sur-
veyors by, V, 46.
as a normal, I, 141.
burned during the War of Se-
cession, X, 239.
decline of, after the Revolu-
tion, X, 239.
library of, VII, 492.
object of founders of, X, 187.
wide influence of, X, 52, 53,
220.
William Bingham School, VII,
170.
William Jewell college of Lib-
erty, Mo., X, 315.
Williams, Charles J., in the
Civil War, II, 178.
Williams, D. R., his cotton man-
ufacture, V, 321.
Williams, Sir George, and the
first Y. M. C. A. in London,
X, 489.
246
INDEX.
Williams, John Sharp, lawyer,
life of, XII, 559.
in Mississippi politics, II, 461.
Williams, Mary Bushnell, au-
thor, life of, XII, 559.
Williams, Robert, forms Metho-
dist society, X, 460.
Williams, Roger, and his char-
ter to propagate Christianity,
X, 466.
and the Baptists, X, 458.
Williams, Walker, on Missouri
since the war, III, 240.
Williams, William, influence as
a preacher, IX, 150.
Williamsburg, early capital of
Virginia, I, 35.
Williamson, Andrew, in the
Revolution, X, 554.
Williamson, Hugh, author of
"History of North Caro-
lina," VII, 358.
lays claim to founding system
of rectilinear surveys, V, 70.
naturalist, VII, 245.
Willing, James, in the Revolu-
tion, II, 352.
Willington Academy, South
Carolina, VII, 160; X, 202.
Willis, H. Parker, economic
teacher, VI, 549.
Willy, Alexander, speaker of
Georgia assembly, IV, 53.
Wilmer, Joseph Pere Bell,
bishop, life of, XII, 560;
reference to, VIII, 111.
Wilmer, Richard Hooker,
bishop, life of, XII, 560.
Wilmington, N. C., founding
of, I, 420.
Wilmot, David, anti-slavery
resolution, or "Proviso," I,
xli; II, 71, 168, 283, 401; IV,
417.
cause of, IV, 276.
excludes slavery from terri-
tory acquired from Mexico,
IV, 311, 460.
Wilson, Alpheus Waters,
bishop, life of, XII, 561.
Wilson, Augusta Jane Evans,
novelist, life of, XII, 562.
Wilson, E. Willis, governor of
West Virginia, I, 394.
Wilson, James, and the United
States department of Agri-
culture, X, 375.
on farming in South Caro-
lina, II, 109.
Wilson, James H., in the Civil
War, II, 183, 216.
Wilson, T., publisher of "Im-
perial Observer and Wash-
ington Advertiser," VII, 414.
Wilson, William Lyne, educa-
tor and legislator, life of,
XII, 562.
president of Washington and
Lee University, VI, 549.
view of the tariff, VI, 476.
Wilson, Woodrow, historian
and statesman, life of, XII,
563.
historian, VII, 114.
influence upon North through
Princeton University, VII,
293.
on Sherman's march, II, 93.
Wilson tariff act, IV, 375.
Winchester, James, soldier, life
of, XII, 564.
"Wind and Current Charts," by
Maury, VII, 233.
"Window Panes at Brandon,"
by Thompson, VII. 18.
Wingfield, Edward M., presi-
dent of Jamestown council,
I, 11.
Winkler, Edward T., influence
as a preacher, IX, 152.
Winlock, Joseph, astronomer,
life of, XII, 566.
Winn, John A. & Co., publish-
ers of "The Chronicle," VII,
420.
Winston, George Taylor, edu-
cator, VII, 151.
Winston, John Anthony, legis-
lator, life of, XII, 566.
Winter cotton-picking keeps
children from school, X, 613.
Winters grant, the, in Arkan-
sas, III, 272.
Winthrop Normal and Indus-
trial College of South Caro-
lina, II, 119, 121; X, 297.
Winthrop, Robert C., first
chairman of Peabody edu-
cation fund, X, 388.
INDEX.
247
Winyah Indigo Society, the, of
Georgetown, S. C., X, 286.
"Wire Cutters, The," by Davis,
VII, 323.
Wirt, Elizabeth Washington,
author, life of, XII, 567.
Wirt, William, lawyer and leg-
islator, life of, XII, 567.
attorney general of the
United States, elected pro-
fessor of law in and presi-
dent of University of Vir-
ginia, X, 334.
influence as a lawyer, IX, 116,
123.
manner of speaking described
by Kennedy, IX, 117.
on the Henry speech, IX, 15.
portrait, facing, IX, 386.
position in national affairs,
IX, 33.
speech on "Trial of Aaron
Burr," IX, 386.
tribute to, by J. Q. Adams,
IX, 117.
Wises, the, of Virginia, XII,
570.
Wise, Henry Alexander, lawyer
and politician, life of, XII,
570.
defines Southern attitude to-
wards slavery, IV, 408.
governor of Virginia, X, 663.
on manufacturing conditions,
V, 324.
oratorical style, IX, 66.
portrait, facing, IX, 66.
"Seven Decades of the
Union," VII, 195.
Wise, John Sergeant, lawyer
and author, life of, XII, 571.
Wister, Owen, tribute to
Charleston in his "Lady Bal-
timore," X,' 50.
"Wit and Humor, South's Con-
tribution to the Nation's,"
VII, 71.
Wit, in Southern oratory, IX,
165.
Wofford College, South Caro-
lina, X, 202.
Wolf, Simon, and his "The
American Jew as Patriot,
Soldier and Citizen," X, 156.
Wolfe, General, capture of Que-
bec, I, 43.
Wolfe, William, and his pot-
teries in Tennessee and Vir-
ginia, X, 699.
Woman, the Southern, in liter-
ature, X, 686.
in the educational progress of
the South, X, 638.
part of, in war, history of, VII,
517.
work of, in the South, X, 622.
Woman's College of Baltimore,
X, 262.
Woman's College of Frederick,
Md., X, 262.
Woman's commonwealth, its
cooperative industry, VI,
582.
Woman's exchanges, in the
South, X, 634.
Women, academic standards
of, X, 261.
coeducational colleges for, of
high standard, X, 261, 263.
growing influence in public
affairs, IX, 158.
higher education of, in the
South, X, 254, 258; com-
pared with that in the North,
X, 260.
hospital and charity work in
the South, X, 624.
importation of, to Virginia
colony, I, 20.
in politics, IX, 263.
labor of, in the South, its
economic and legal aspects,
VI, 53 et seq.
librarians, meeting of, VII,
502.
Southern, and the social up-
building of the nation, X,
623.
Southern, memorial and edu-
cational work of, X, 629.
Southern, organize for self-
expression, X, 624.
various spheres of work for,
X, 640.
working hours for, VI, 56.
work of, during the Civil
War, VI, 3.
Women's club houses in the
South, X, 633.
248
INDEX.
Women's clubs, general federa-
tion of, and civil service re-
form, X, 633.
Wood, Abram, explores West
Virginia, I, 335.
Wood, Allen, in the Mexican
War, III, 301.
Wood, George T., governor of
Texas, III, 388.
Wood, William, his patent for
coining money for America,
V, 442.
Woodberry, George E., "Amer-
ica in Literature," VIII, xiii.
Woodford, William, in the
Revolution, I, 93.
Woodland, diversified, VI, 269.
"Woodlands," home of Simms,
VIII, xxxii.
Woodmen of the World, X,
648.
Woodrow, James, influences
Sidney Lanier, X, 27.
Woodruff, William E., early
Arkansas editor, III, 291.
founder of "Arkansas Ga-
zette," VII, 423.
Woods, ,Alva, president of
Transylvania University, VII,
306.
Woods, planters' "right" in the,
V, 154.
Woodward, Ellsworth, and the
Newcomb pottery, X, 708.
Woodward, Frank C., educator,
VII, 127.
Woodward, William, and the
New Orleans Pottery Co.,
X, 710.
Woolen clothing, bounties for,
V, 248.
export of, prohibited, V, 247.
South Carolina, its superior-
ity, V, 248.
"Work by Young Men and for
Young Men, A," Brainard's
motto for the Y. M. C. A.,
X, 484.
Worth, Jonathan, lawyer, life
of, XII, 572.
Reconstruction governor in
North Carolina, I, 499.
Worth, W. J. in Seminole
War, III, 35.
Wren, Sir Christopher, plans
building for William and
Mary College, X, 219.
influence upon church archi-
tecture, X, 694.
Wright, Carroll D., editorial
acknowledgments to, V, xii.
Wright, Horatio G., in the Civil
War, II, 185.
Wright, James, arrest of, by
patriots, II, 145.
governor of Georgia, II, 138,
147.
Wright, John Vines, jurist, life
of, XII, 573.
Wright, Luke E., lawyer, life
of, XII, 574.
Wright, Marcus Joseph, soldier,
life of, XII, 574.
Wright, Sophie, night school
work of, X, 636.
Writers contributing to the
"Southern Literary Messen-
ger," VII, 438.
Writers, economic, in the South
since 1865, VI, 546 et seq.
Writing, economic, contribu-
tions of the South to, V, 564
et seq.; VI, 546 et seq.
Writings of colonial leaders,
VII, 284.
"Writings Upon the Federal
Constitution," by Marshall,
VII, 326.
Writs of assistance, declared il-
legal, IV, 55.
resisted, IX, 12.
Wyatt, Sir Francis, governor of
Virginia, I, 26; IV, 23.
receives constitution of Vir-
ginia, IV, 21.
Wyatt, Henry L., first Southern
soldier slain in Civil War, I,
488.
Wylly, Alexander, and the
stamp act, II, 140.
Wyman, William Stokes, edu-
cator, life of, XII, 572.
educator, VII, 155.
Wynne, Emma Moffett, author,
life of, XII, 574.
Wythe, George, patriot, life of,
XII, 575.
INDEX.
249
Wythe, George, educated at
William and Mary, X, 239.
elected professor of law and
Wythe, George, Jefferson's esti-
mate of, X, 326.
portrait, facing, I, 98.
police in William and Mary Wythe House, The, facing, XII,
College, X, 325. 574.
Yadkin, the, X, 1.
Yamassee Indians attack colo-
nists, IV, 13, 15.
causes of war with, IV, 16.
Yancey, Benjamin Cudworth,
diplomat, life of, XII, 576.
Yancey, William Lowndes, law-
yer, life of, XII, 577.
a typical Southern fire-eater,
X, 34.
career of, IX, 67.
emissary of the Confederacy,
II, 290.
his economic advocacy, V,
572.
in Alabama politics, II, 282.
oratorical style, IX, 67.
portrait, facing, II, 282.
speech "On Mr. C. J. Inger-
soll's Resolutions of In-
quiry Into the Conduct of
Daniel Webster, in Expend-
ing the Contingent Fund
While Secretary of State,"
IX, 329.
speech on "South Boes Not
Seek to Aggrandize Herself,
^The," IX, 337.
influence upon secession, IX,
93.
Yandell, Enid, sculptor, life of,
XII, 580; reference to, X,
686.
Yarn, cotton, monopoly of, VI,
577.
traded for linen warp, V, 321.
Yarns, fine, manufactured in
the South, VI, 289.
Yates, Joseph A., in the Civil
War, II, 83.
Yazoo basin, drainage in, VI,
555.
Yazoo land sale, II, 153, 356.
Yazoos, or Natchez Indians, X,
159; exterminated by the
French, X, 160.
Yeamans, Sir John, activities in
colony of South Carolina,
II, 8, 13.
and his English colony of
Clarendon, X, 100.
Yeardley, Sir George, and the
Virginia colony, I, 17.
and the first House of Bur-
gesses, X, 441.
governor of Virginia colony,
proclamation of freedom, V,
88.
Yeates, William Smith, geolo-
gist, life of, XII, 581.
Yell, Archibald, politician and
soldier, life of, XII, 581.
in Arkansas politics, III, 297.
killed in the Mexican War.
III, 301.
Yellow fever, carried by mos-
quitoes, VII, 367.
epidemic of, in 1878, VI, 364.
experts, VII, 367.
study of, by Greenville, VII,
367.
"Yemassee, The," by Simms,
VIII, xxv.
extract from, VIII, 69, 72.
Yerger, George Shall, lawyer,
life of, XII, 581.
Yoakum, Henderson, soldier,
lawyer and author, life of,
XII, 582.
Yorktown, Va., Cornwallis
surrenders at, IV, 84.
Young, Allyn A., on Southern
emigration to the North and
West, V, 620-624; VI, 610-
614.
Young, Bennett Henderson,
lawyer and author, life of,
XII, 582.
Young, Martha, influence in let-
ters, X, 637.
250
INDEX.
Young, Pierre M. B., soldier, life
of, XII, 583.
Young, Robert Anderson, cler-
gyman, life of, XII, 584.
Young, Stark, poet, life of, XII,
585.
Young Men's Christian Associ-
ation, the, and the develop-
ment of the South, X, 482.
and its training of lay work-
ers in the church, X, 488.
excellence of its aims, X, 490.
first, in America, organized
at Montreal, Canada, X, 482.
first, in United States, organ-
ized at Boston, Mass., X,
482.
for colored people, X, 486.
Young Men's Christian Associa-
tion, the, in the South, delay
in reorganizing after the war,
X, 485.
marked development of col-
ored department of, X, 487.
railroad department of, in the
South, X, 486.
work of, up to 1854 poorly de-
fined, X, 483.
Young Women's Christian As-
sociation in the South, X,
635.
"Youth and Age," by Dabney,
VII, 12.
Yttria, Southern production of,
VI, 234.
Zinc, production of, in the
South, V, 286; VI, 215, 216,
217, 220.
resources of, in the South, VI,
640.
Zircon, Southern production of,
VI, 233.
Zogbaum, Rufus Fairchild, ar-
tist and author, life of, XII,
585.
Zollicoffer, Felix K., editor,
politician, and soldier, life
of, XII, 586.
death of, I, 293.
SOUTHERN
READING AND STUDY COURSES
251
HOW TO USE THE SOUTHERN READING
AND STUDY COURSES
courses for reading and study which follow are
intended to guide the reader through a fascinating
journey one which no general history has pre-
tended to describe, as never before has such an
array of facts been accessible. This journey con-
ducts us through each and every one of the Southern states,
showing us not only the intimate secrets of their splendid
history of the past, but also unfolding their life and growth
through successive decades and showing their share " in
the building of the Nation."
Before the completion of such a Library as " The South
in the Building of the Nation," a Reading Course such as
the present one would have been impossible. But with this
monumental Library at hand, many courses could be pre-
pared, specializing along the lines in which the reader is
most interested. Here in twelve generous volumes, made
possible only by the contributions and cooperation of the
ablest authorities in every state, the reader will find a won-
derful story for each individual state and the South as a
whole. It is a story of exploration and settlement progress
and development misunderstanding and war reunion,
peace and prosperity writ large on the annals of our nation
for the last three hundred years.
The very wealth of material, however, is apt to confuse
the reader who sees this splendid Library for the first time.
There is so much of interest and value that it is an " em-
barrassment of riches." Hence the need of a Reading and
Study Course, such as the present one, to outline suggestive
topics and point out important parallel features.
Each state is taken up in alphabetical order, for ease of
reference, and the states are followed by a treatment of the
South as a whole. When used in conjunction with the
Analytical Index, the Courses will be found to open up a
wide array of pleasant and profitable fields.
Take Alabama, the first state considered, for example. It
is divided into five main heads, viz., General History, Poli-
tics and Government, Economic History, Intellectual Life
and Social Life. These heads are subdivided, General His-
tory having five sections as follows : (1) Formative Period,
253
254 READING AND STUDY COURSES
(2) Federal Period, (3) War Period, (4) Reconstruction
Period, and (5) Modern Period. The five sections are
again split up into subheads, each with its group of topics,
cited to volume and page. Thus the youngest reader
would have no difficulty in following some line of interest;
while the oldest student would find abundant material for
advanced research all provided for within the pages of this
comprehensive Library itself.
A similar plan to that of the states, but much broader,
is followed in the South as a whole ; and in each instance a
series of Review Questions are included to sharpen the
reader's memory. The Courses are by no means exhaustive ;
they are merely suggestive. The reader is referred to the
thorough Index for further subjects and full treatment of
related topics. But by the time he has followed any one of
the Reading Courses he can easily draw upon the Index
to map out other lines for himself.
If the reader is interested in History he will find a story
as absorbing as fiction, yet true in every detail, showing the
important part played by the South in the Nation's develop-
ment picturing the creation of each state from the wilder-
ness outlining its remarkable growth in spite of conditions
before which many a mighty nation has gone down to ob-
livion and describing every phase of state life for three
momentous centuries.
If he is a student of Politics and Government, here he
will be given broad lines of research into the integral causes
of our country's political stability. To this section, as to
others, some of our keenest writers and most incisive
thinkers have contributed.
Again, in Economics an abundance of material compara-
tive and statistic is given, showing the industrial life of
pioneer days as related to the progress of the present time.
If one is especially interested in Sociology, Racial Prob-
lems, or Social Movements, here will be found suggestive
and valuable lines of research. Each and every subject, such
as Education, Science, Art, Religion, Temperance, Labor,
the Professions, etc., receive through-going treatment at
the hands of the writers and experts best fitted to handle
them.
For those interested in Literature, the achievements in
various fields of letters are traced for each state, as well as
those of the South as a whole. The criticisms and estimates
are scholarly and illuminating; well-written biographies
place one in intimate touch with the career of every im-
READING AND STUDY COURSES 255
portant writer. An entire volume is devoted to examples
of the work of the South's fiction writers.
For those particularly interested in culture and aesthetics,
there are sections devoted to Music, Painting, Sculpture,
Pottery, and Architecture. In a word, this comprehensive
Library provides abundant material for every reading taste.
Not only individual readers, but also study clubs, reading
circles, and classes in schools and colleges, will find some-
thing here of help and mental stimulus. What, indeed,
could be more practical, now that the South has come again
into her own, than a course in Southern history and affairs?
To every careful reader and earnest student, North and
South, this is offered as a quick guide and introduction to
a fountain source of fact " The South in the Building of
the Nation." w> M
ALABAMA
Alabama is the twenty-second state in order of admission
to the Union, and the twenty-seventh in point of size. It
is a south-central state, bounded on the north by Tennessee,
on the east by Georgia, on the south by Florida and the
Gulf of Mexico, and on the west by Mississippi. Length,
north to south, 336 miles; width, east to west, 175 miles;
area, 51,998 square miles; population (census of 1910),
2,138,093, of whom 1,228,841 are white. The northern part
of the state is occupied by low spurs of the Appalachian
mountains, the level Piedmont plain and the Cumberland
plateau, in which are extensive coal fields. The southern
part is a coastal plain. About sixty-five per cent, of the
population are engaged in farming; but of recent years the
coal and iron interests have been increasingly important.
GENERAL HISTORY
I. FORMATIVE PERIOD (1540-1819)
Original Country and Inhabitants
The Alabama-Tombigbee basin and its people (II, 243)
A geographical unit (II, 243)
Rivers (II, 243)
Ancient civilization (II, 245)
Indians (II, 245)
Explorations and Settlements
Spanish explorers (II, 246)
De Soto's route (II, 248)
French civilization (II, 251, 272)
French, English and Spanish land grants (V, 59, 60)
British West Florida (II, 255)
Spanish West Florida (II, 260)
English methods of colonization (II, 256)
First English settlers (II, 258)
Cession to England (II, 255)
Spanish attempt to regain (II, 259)
Spanish boundary defined (II, 262)
Territorial Governments
Mississippi territory created (II, 263)
Trouble with Indians (II, 267)
Jackson's campaign against the Indians (II, 268)
Territory separated from Mississippi (II, 269)
17 257
258 ALABAMA
Early Conditions
Spanish influence (II, 250)
Religious life of the settlers (II, 257)
English land system (II, 258)
Effect of Louisiana Purchase upon colony (II, 263)
Introduction of slaves (II, 265)
II. FEDERAL PERIOD (1819-1861)
Alabama, the State
Admission into Union (II, 271)
Population (II, 272)
Growth and development (II, 273)
The State largely agricultural (II, 274)
First steamboat (II, 274)
Social and Political Conditions
Religion (II, 275)
Educa^n (II, 275)
University of Alabama chartered in 1820 (II, 275)
Slavery (II, 276)
Indian lands (II, 276)
Nullification doctrine (II, 278)
Growing interest in national affairs (II, 280)
Prosperity (II, 284)
Premonitions of Conflict
The Mexican War and its relation to the slavery question
(II, 281)
States rights, men (II, 283)
Slavery controversy (II, 286)
III. WAR PERIOD (1861-1865)
Secession
Events which led to secession (II, 288)
Montgomery the center of the movement (II, 289)
Share in the Confederacy
Prominent men (II, 290)
Montgomery the first capital (II, 289)
Share in the War
Soldiers from the state (II, 291)
Engagements in the state (II, 291)
Destruction of property (II, 293)
Confiscation laws (II, 294)
IV. RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD (1865-1879)
Conditions at Close of War
Cities and property destroyed (II, 293)
Failure of crops (II, 295)
Feuds and quarrels (II, 295)
Free negroes (II, 296)
Ku Klux Klan (II, 297)
No state organization (II, 297)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 259
Johnson's Attempt at Restoration
Amnesty proclamation (II, 298)
Constitutional convention 1865 (II, 299)
New state and national officials (II, 299)
Failure of the Johnson plan (II, 300)
Reconstruction by Congress
Reconstruction acts of 1867 (II, 301)
Constitutional convention 1867 (II, 302)
Carpet-bag and negro rule (II, 303)
Overthrow of Reconstruction and readjustment (II, 307)
V. MODERN PERIOD (1880-1910)
Conditions in 1880
Enormous public debt (II, 312)
Opening of mines (II, 313)
Rapid industrial development (II, 313)
Political Affairs
Trend of elections (II, 314)
Kolb-Jones contest (II, 315)
Farmers' Alliance (II, 315)
Jeffersonian Democrats (II, 317)
Populists (II, 320)
The negro in politics (II, 322)
New constitution 1901 (II, 323)
Governor Comer's administration (II, 326)
Latter-Day Progress
Agriculture remains the leading industry (II, 327)
Mines and manufactures (II, 328)
Education (II, 329)
Prohibition (II, 330)
POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
Colonial Relations
Spanish policy of colonization (II, 249)
French policy (II, 251)
Law's Company (II, 253)
British West Florida (II, 255)
Johnstone, first governor (II, 257)
Spanish West Florida (II, 260)
Alabama and West Florida, boundary disputes (IV, 150)
Water boundaries (IV, 151)
Annexation of West Florida advocated (III, 28)
Mississippi territory created (II, 263)
Early State Questions
Admission into Union (II, 271)
Constitution of 1819 (II, 272)
Early politics and interest in national affairs (II, 276)
Nullification (II, 278)
260 ALABAMA.
Secession Movement
Conditions leading to secession (II, 280)
Culminating events (II, 288)
Slavery Question
Slaves first brought into state (II, 265)
A political issue (II, 282)
II. SINCE THE WAR
Reconstruction Measures
Political interregnum after the War (II, 297)
Black Code (II, 302)
Freedmen's Bureau (II, 296)
Ku Klux Klan (II, 297)
Negro suffrage (II, 300, 322, 323)
Johnson's plan of Reconstruction (II, 297)
Reconstruction by Congress (II, 301)
Political Parties and Leaders
Democratic Control (II, 314)
Republican influence only in Black Belt (II, 314)
Greenback Party (II, 314)
Kolb-Jones contest (II, 315)
Farmers' Alliance (II, 315)
Jeffersonian Democrats (II, 317)
Populist Party (II, 317)
Free-silver issue (II, 320)
Governor Comer's administration (II, 326)
List of governors (III, 482)
State Constitutions
Constitution of 1865 (II, 299)
Constitution of 1867 (II, 302)
Constitution of 1875 (II, 309)
Constitution of 1901 (II, 323)
ECONOMIC HISTORY
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
General Conditions
The Alabama-Tombigbee basin (II, 243)
Topography and geography (II, 244)
Geological and agricultural surveys (V, 559)
Early land laws (V, 59)
Negro population (V, III)
Early immigration (II, 271)
English land system (II, 258)
First English settlers (II, 258)
French, British and Spanish land grants (V, 59, 60)
Germans in northern part (X, 149)
Industrial questions (II, 284)
Negro labor (II, 296)
Penitentiary system established (V, 131)
Slavery question (II, 265, 282)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 261
Agriculture and Live Stock
An agricultural state (II, 274)
Cotton (II, 274, 313, 327)
Rice culture (V, 170)
Live stock (V, 252)
Mining
First coal mining (V, 293)
Coal production (II, 329)
Production of copper (V, 281, 283)
Gold mining (V, 281)
Iron industry (V, 285)
Production of iron ore (V, 9)
Manufactures
Cotton (II, 274, 313, 327)
Iron industry (V, 285)
Transportation and Communication
Early problems (II, 274)
First railway (II, 285)
First steamboat (II, 274)
National post roads (V, 345)
Transportation conditions (II, 285)
Government post road (V, 345)
See Transportation and Communication (V, 336 et seq.)
Finances and Banking
State finances (V, 498-500)
Tax system (V, 499)
Growth of banking (V, 468)
State bank experiment (II, 278)
"Flush times" (II, 279, 284)
II. SINCE THE WAR
General Conditions
Economic conditions at close of war (II, 295)
Economic questions (II, 284)
Industrial conditions in 1865 (II, 307)
Losses from War (II, 293)
Material progress (II, 327)
Farm lands (VI, 17, 25)
Fisheries (VI, 158)
Foreign trade (VI, 353)
Agriculture and Live Stock
An agricultural state (II, 274)
Cotton (II, 274, 313, 327; VI, 87)
Farming conditions in 1880 (II, 313)
Farm laborers (X, 609)
Farm lands and products (II, 328)
Cereals (VI, 112)
Live stock (VI, 135)
Mining
General outline (II, 328)
Coal production (II, 329)
Coke production (VI, 183)
Iron industry (VI, 226, 27S et seq.)
262 ALABAMA
Iron ores (VI, 223, 224; II, 329)
Progress of mining (II, 313)
Relation of coal mining to other industries (VI, 182)
Manufactures
General outline (II, 328)
Cotton (II, 274, 313, 327)
Development of iron and steel industry (VI, 182)
Increase in manufactures (IL, 313)
Iron industry (VI, 226, 272 et seq.)
Value of manufactures (VI, 182)
Water power (VI, 561)
Transportation and Communication
Improved waterways (VI, 649)
Expenditures on highways (VI, 324)
See Transportation and Communication (VI, 305 et seq.)
Finances and Banking
Constitutional tax rate (VI, 481)
Financial history (VI, 480)
Increase in state debt (II, 305)
Public debt in 1865 (V, 500)
Public school funds (II, 306, 310)
.Railway debts (II, 305)
Railway rate law (II, 327)
State finances (VI, 480-483)
War expenditures (V, 498)
Banking (VI, 429)
INTELLECTUAL LIFE
I. LITERATURE
Poets and Poetry
Alexander Beaufort Meek: life (XII, 183); other references
(VII, 17, 29)
Samuel Minturn Peck: life (XII, 256); reference (VII, 52)
Abram Joseph Ryan: life (XII, 368); other references
(VII, 21, 36, 37; IX, 148; X, 538)
Humorists
Joseph Glover Baldwin: life (XI, 38); references (VII,
73, 79, 189; VIII, XLVI, 202)
Johnson Jones Hooper: life (XI, 509); references (VII, 76,
77, 150; VIII, XLIV, 186, 189)
Novelists
Mary McNeil Fenollosa, life (XI, 341)
Augusta Jane Evans Wilson: life (XII, 562)
Editors and Periodicals
Newspapers (II, 276)
" Madison Gazette " (VII, 419)
Official Journal (VII, 419)
" Mobile Register " (VII, 426, 477)
"Montgomery Advertiser" (VII, 426, 477)
" Birmingham News " (VII, 426)
" Mobile Centinel " (VII, 471)
READING AND STUDY COURSES '263
Miller and Hood (VII, 471)
" Mobile Advertiser " (VII, 476)
C. C. Langdon (VII, 476)
A. B. Meek (VII, 476, 477)
John J. Seibels (VII, 476, 477)
Thaddeus Sanford (VII, 477)
Historians and Histories
" Alabama and Mississippi," by Owen (VII, 108)
" History of Alabama," by Picket (VII, 102)
Other Writings
" Plant Life in Alabama," by Mohr (VII, 251)
" Flush Times in Alabama and Mississippi," by Baldwin
(VII, 73, 79, 189; VIII, XLVI, 202; X, 33)
II. EDUCATION
Progress of Education
Development of education before the War (VI, 205)
Educational advance (II, 275, 329)
Education after the war (II, 305)
The public school system established (II, 286)
Public school funds (II, 310)
Technical education (X, 355)
Colleges and Universities
Rise of colleges (X, 205)
Higher education (X, 285)
Medical colleges (X, 305)
Theological seminaries (X, 312)
University of Alabama (II, 275; VII, 155, 309; X, 221, 246)
Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute (VII, 538; X,
32, 299)
III. THE PROFESSIONS
Educators and Scientists
John William Abercrombie (XI, 1)
W. S. Wyman (VII, 155)
William J. Vaughn (VII, 216)
B. R. Ross (VII, 230)
James P. C. Southall (VII, 236)
Lawyers
Hannis Taylor (VII, 336)
William L. Yancey (VII, 346; IX, 329; XII, 577)
Abram J. Walker (VII, 346; XII, 503)
Claiborne C. Clay (VII, 346; XI, 206)
Benjamin Fitzpatrick (XI, 346)
William R. King (XII, 43)
John T. Morgan (XII, 210)
Physicians
Josiah C. Nott (VII, 181, 365; XII, 365)
Clergymen
.Robert W. Barnwell (XI, 47)
Nicholas H. Cobbs (XI, 220)
264 ALABAMA
Jabez L. M. Curry (X, 516)
Richard H. Wilmer (X, 524)
Painters
Frederick A. Bridgeman (X, 679)
Horace W. Robbins (X, 680)
SOCIAL LIFE
I. RELIGION
Religious Influences
Early religious life (II, 257, 266)
Effect of the War upon the churches (II, 307)
Theological seminaries (X, 312)
Denominational Growth
The Baptist Church (X, 226)
The Methodist Episcopal Church (X, 226)
The Roman Catholic Church (X, 250)
II. SOCIAL CONDITIONS
Social Uplift
Child labor (X, 585)
Settlement work (X, 616)
The Negro Problem
Negro population (II, 296)
The Negro in politics (II, 322)
Negro suffrage (II, 300, 323)
The slavery question (II, 265, 282)
Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute (VII, 538; X,
32, 299)
Racial Influences
Early immigration (II, 271)
First English settlers (II, 258)
French colonization (II, 251, 272; X, 124)
French mode of governing (II, 254)
Germans in the Northern part (X, 139, 149)
Indians (II, 245 et seq.; X, 158)
Negroes (II, 296 et seq.)
Spanish influence (II, 246, 250, 259, 262; X, 128, 136)
Jews (X, 155)
Towns and Cities
Early towns (II, 269)
Chief towns in 1819 (II, 273)
Bessemer (VI, 272)
Birmingham (II, 312; VI, 178, 273, 277, 478; X, 24)
Mobile (II, 252, 253, 259, 261, 266. 268, 273, 274, 285, 291;
III, 14; IV, 168, 268; VI, 353)
Montgomery (II, 269, 274, 289; III, 149; X, 37)
Selma (II, 269, 293)
Huntsville (II, 264, 272)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 265
III. PUBLIC SERVICE
Governors
See list with dates of administration (III, 482, 483)
George Johnstone (II, 257)
W. W. Bibb (II, 273)
Thomas G. Jones (II, 315)
Joseph F. Johnston (II, 319)
B. B. Comer (II, 326)
Other Statesmen
Dixon H. Lewis (II, 282)
William L. Yancey (II, 283; IX, 329; XII, 577)
William R. King (II, 284; XII, 43)
L. P. Walker (II, 290, 309)
Thomas H. Watts (II, 290)
John A. Campbell (II, 290)
John T. Morgan (II, 326; XII, 210)
Edmund W. Pettus (II, 326; XII, 275)
Soldiers
John R. Coffey (II, 281)
J. J. Seibels (II, 281)
James Longstreet (II, 290; XII, 112)
Joseph Wheeler (II, 322; XII, 541)
William C. Gates (II, 322)
John H. Morgan (XII, 209)
Naval Officers
.Raphael Semmes (II, 290; XII, 377)
Richmond P. Hobson (II, 322; XI, 500)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
In what year did the Spanish explore Alabama? (II, 247)
How did the European wars in the 17th and 18th centuries
affect this colony? (II, 251-5)
Who was the first colonial governor? (II, 257)
What effect did the Revolution have upon the colony? (II,
259)
How did the Louisiana Purchase affect it? (II, 263)
What was Alabama's share in the War of 1812? (II, 266-9)
In what year was Alabama admitted into the Union? (II,
271)
Who was the first governor? (II, 273)
What were the chief towns at this time? (II, 273-4)
When were the Indians finally driven out? (II, 277)
What was Alabama's experience in State banking? (II, 279)
When did the first railroads enter the State? (II, 285)
In what city was the Confederacy organized? (II, 289)
What important naval battle was fought in State waters, and
when? (11,291)
266 ALABAMA
Who were the Jeffersonian Democrats? (II, 317)
What two Alabamians served as generals in the Spanish-
American War? (II, 322)
How does Alabama rank in the production of cotton? (II,
328)
When and where was the first newspaper established? (VII,
419)
What poets has Alabama produced ? Humorists ? Historians ?
Novelists? (VII)
What noted lawyers? Doctors? Clergymen? (VII)
What does the State do for technical education? (X, 355)
What is the attitude toward child labor? (X, 585)
How many colleges and universities are there in the State?
What noted educators have come from Alabama? (VII, 155,
476, 477; XI)
What painters? (X, 679, 680)
Give the history of Tuskegee Institute (X, 32)
What religious bodies have exerted the greatest influence in
the State? (X, 226, 250)
What is Alabama's share of foreign trade? (VI, 353)
How does the State rank in mining and what are its chief
products? (II, 328, 329; VI, 182, 183, 223, 313)
What are its chief manufactures? (II, 274, 313, 328; VI,
182, 226)
Give an outline of its financial history (VI, 480-483)
Trace the progress of education in the State (II, 205, 275
etseq.; VI, 205)
What have been the chief racial influences? (II, 245, 251,
258, 271; X, 124, 139, 155, 158)
ARKANSAS
Arkansas is the twenty-fifth state in order of admission
to the Union, and is at the extreme west of the group of
southern states. It is bounded on the north by Missouri;
on the east by the Mississippi River which separates it
from Tennessee and Mississippi ; on the south by Louisiana
and Texas; and on the west by Oklahoma. Length, north
to south, 250 miles; width, east to west, 175 to 275 miles;
area 53,335 square miles; population (census of 1910)
1,574,449, of whom 1,331,031 are white. The general sur-
face of the state is an inclined plane, with a slope from the
north to the south or southeast. Arkansas is largely an
agricultural state, lumbering industries also being impor-
tant. Coal is the chief mining product.
GENERAL HISTORY
I. FORMATIVE PERIOD (1539-1803)
Early Discoveries
Fernando de Soto (III, 263)
French explorers (III, 264)
Marquette and Joliet (III, 265)
La Salle's expedition (III, 265)
Arkansas Post established (III, 266)
Early Inhabitants
Indians and their villages (III, 266)
Quapaws and Osages (III, 267)
Cherokee territory (III, 268)
French Rule
Early governors (III, 270)
John Law's colony (III, 270)
Attempts at settlement (III, 271)
Census of 1785 (III, 271)
Spanish Period
Treaty of Paris (III, 271)
Baron de Carondelet's grants of land (III, 271)
Later land troubles (III, 272)
Conditions of government under France and Spain (III,
272)
II. TERRITORIAL PERIOD (1803-1836)
A Part of Louisiana and Missouri
Included in Louisiana Purchase (III, 273)
District of Arkansas (III, 273)
267
268 ARKANSAS
Governors (III, 273)
Lewis and Clark expedition (III, 273)
Territory of Missouri (III, 274)
Arkansas County created in 1813 (III, 274)
Arkansas as a Territory
Erected into a separate Territory in 1819 (III, 275)
Question of slavery (III, 275)
Boundaries defined (III, 276)
Treaties with Indians (III, 277)
Mexico boundary (III, 279)
Territorial Government
Scope and powers (III, 281)
First governor, James Miller (III, 282)
Other governors (III, 283)
Little Rock made capital (III, 283)
Growth in population (III, 284)
III. EARLY STATEHOOD PERIOD (1836-1861)
Steps to Statehood
Constitutional convention (III, 284)
First state election (III, 285)
Admitted into Union at same time with Michigan (III, 285)
Internal Conditions of the New State
Manners and customs (III, 286)
French inhabitants (III, 286)
Growth in population (III, 287)
Purchase of Indian lands (III, 287)
Early towns (III, 288)
Frontier life (III, 288)
Travel and communication (III, 288, 2?0)
Courts, schools, and churches (III, 289 et seq.)
First postoffices (III, 291)
Economic conditions (III, 291)
Practice of duelling (III, 292)
First Years of Statehood
Conditions of admission (III, 293)
Politics and parties (III, 295)
Economic and social conditions (III, 297)
Wildcat banking (III, 298)
Share in the Mexican War
The Austins in Arkansas (III, 300)
The .Republic of Texas (III, 300)
Arkansas recruits (III, 301)
Battle of Buena Vista (III, 301)
Sevier sent as Minister to Mexico (III, 301)
The Rising War Cloud
Prosperity before War (III, 302)
Fugitive Slave Law (III, 302)
Events in the East (III, 303)
Bitter political campaigns (III, 304)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 269
IV. WAR PERIOD (1861-1865)
Secession
Events which led to secession (III, 304)
Efforts for peace (III, 305)
The news of Sumter precipitates action (III, 305)
Ordinance of Secession (III, 306)
Share in the Conflict
First troops organized (III, 307)
Progress of the War (III, 309 et seq.)
Battle of Pea Ridge (III, 310)
Trans-Mississippi Department (III, 310)
Hardships in domestic life (III, 311)
The disasters of 1863 (III, 313)
Campaigning in 1864 (III, 314)
V. RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD (1865-1875)
Resumption of Civil Concerns
Constitutional convention of 1864 (III, 316)
Reestablishment of offices and courts (III, 317)
Test oath (III, 317)
Charges of treason (III, 318)
Johnson's Plan of Restoration
Conciliatory policy (III, 319)
Rupture with Congress (III, 319)
Military districts (III, 319 et seq.)
Congressmen refused seats (III, 320)
Reconstruction by Congress
Registration of voters (III, 321, 325)
Martial law (III, 322)
Republican control (III, 322)
Reissue of state bonds (III, 323)
Heavy increase of debt (III, 323)
Negro ascendancy (III, 324)
Increase in taxation (III, 325)
The Brooks-Baxter War (III, 327)
VI. MODERN PERIOD (1875-1910)
State Government Under Democratic Control
Constitution of 1874 (III, 329, 330)
Final attempt of reactionists (III, 330)
Grant's message on the Arkansas case (III, 330)
Congressional committee (III, 331)
Garland's administration (III, 330 et seq.)
A Retrospect of General Advance
Resumption of prosperity (III, 332)
Public buildings (III, 333)
Noted men (III, 333)
Conclusion (III, 334)
270 ARKANSAS
POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT .
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
Territorial Relations
District established (III, 273)
Created a separate territory (III, 275)
Early boundaries (III, 276)
Early government (III, 272)
Territorial government (III, 281)
Part of the Trans-Mississippi Department (III, 310)
Early State Affairs
Admission into Union (III, 219, 285, 293; IV, 417)
Boundary question with Texas (III, 280)
Political questions (III, 295)
Whigs and Democrats (III, 296)
Robert Crittenden (III, 296)
Other leaders (III, 296)
Influence of newspapers (III, 296)
Ambrose H. Sevier (III, 296)
Slavery Question
Slavery first introduced into state (III, 272)
Slavery first a political issue (III, 275)
Secession Movement
Causes which led to secession (III, 302)
Events of secession (III, 304)
II. SINCE THE WAR
Reconstruction Measures
Carpet-baggers (III, 322)
Plans of Reconstruction (III, 319)
End of Reconstruction rule (VI, 484)
Negro ascendancy (III, 324)
Test oath evils (III, 317)
Political Parties and Leaders
The Brooks-Baxter War (III, 327)
Republican control (III, 322)
Registration evils (III, 325)
Democratic control (III, 329)
List of governors (III, 482)
State Constitutions
Constitution of 1864 (III, 316)
Constitution of 1868 (III, 321)
Constitution of 1874 (III, 330)
ECONOMIC HISTORY
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
General Conditions
Early land laws (V, 54)
Negro population (V, 111)
Early economic conditions (III, 291)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 271
Early immigrants (III, 288)
Early land grants (III, 271)
French grant to John Law (V, 57)
Operations of Law's Company (III, 270)
Pioneer conditions (III, 288)
Early growth in population (III, 287)
Prosperity prior to 1860 (III, 302)
Agriculture and Live Stock
Hemp culture (V, 232, 234)'
.Rice crops (V, 171)
Cereals (V, 221)
Live stock (V, 252)
Mining
Coal deposits (V, 293)
Geological survey (V, 560)
Lead deposits (V, 288)
Early mining (V, 275)
Manufactures
Early manufactures (V, 331)
Transportation and Communication
General survey (V, 336 et seq.)
Finances and Banking
Early banking (V, 462, 470)
Repudiation (V, 502)
State finances (V, 501-504)
Wildcat banking (III, 298; V, 502)
II. SINCE THE WAR
General Conditions
Land reclamation (VI, 557)
Post-bellum conditions (VI, 483)
Present-day progress (III, 332)
Prosperity after Reconstruction era (III, 331)
Wealth (VI, 392, 619)
Levee system (VI, 557)
Water power (VI, 561)
Agriculture and Live Stock
Rice growing (VI, 23)
Farm lands (VI, 17, 25)
Cotton (VI, 87)
Cereals (VI, 112)
Live stock (VI, 135)
Mining
Coal mining (VI, 181)
Iron ores (VI, 224)
Manganese deposits (VI, 230)
Progress in mining (VI, 175)
Manufactures
Water power (VI, 561)
Iron ores (VI, 224)
Progress in manufactures (VI, 253)
272 ARKANSAS
Transportation and Communication
State expenditure on roads (VI, 324)
General survey (VI, 305 et seq.)
Finances and Banking
State debt in 1865 (V, 503)
Increase in state debt (III, 323)
Public expenditures (VI, 485)
Repudiation (VI, 483)
Ruinous taxation (VI, 483)
State debt (VI, 486)
State finances (VI, 483-487)
INTELLECTUAL LIFE
I. LITERATURE
Poets and Poetry
Albert Pike and his works (III, 291, 333; VII, 15, 16, 29;
XII, 283)
Novelists
Opie Read (VII, 430; XII, 337)
Ruth McEnery Stuart (XII, 429)
Editors and Periodicals
Albert Pike (VII, 479; XII, 283)
Opie Read (VII, 430; XII, 337)
"The Arkansas Gazette" founded by Woodruff (VII, 423,
471)
"The Little Rock Gazette" (VII, 424, 426)
"The Advocate," edited by Bertrand and Pike (III, 291)
Historical Work
Fay Hempstead, "History of Arkansas" (III, 334)
II. EDUCATION
Progress of Education
Development of education before the War (X, 205)
First schools (III, 290)
Colleges and Universities
Higher education (X, 255)
Rise of colleges (X, 205)
Medical colleges (X, 305)
University of Arkansas (X, 246)
III. THE PROFESSIONS
Educators and Scientists
John Lee Buchanan (XI, 136)
Edgar Gardner Murphy (XII, 224)
Lawyers
U. M. Rose (III, 333)
Augustus H. Garland (III, 333)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 273
SOCIAL LIFE
I. RELIGION
Religious Influences
Early religion (III, 272)
Frontier conditions (III, 290)
The circuit riders (III, 290)
Denominational Growth
Early hold of the Roman Catholic Church (III, 272)
The Methodist Episcopal Church (III, 290)
The Presbyterian Church (III, 290)
The Baptist Church (III, 290)
II. SOCIAL CONDITIONS
Manners and Customs
Frontier life (III, 288 et seq.)
Early manner of living (III, 286)
Courts, schools and churches (III, 289 et seq.)
First postoffices (III, 291)
Duelling (III, 292)
Early home life (III, 297)
Social Uplift
Child labor (X, 585)
The Negro Problem
Introduction of slavery (III, 272)
Negro ascendancy in the Reconstruction period (III, 334)
Racial Influences
Spanish and French explorers (X, 117)
Spanish influence (X, 126)
French rule (III, 270)
Indians (X, 158). Early tribes (III, 266). Cherokees (III,
268). Choctaws (III, 269). Seminoles (III, 26)
Negroes (III, 272, 275, 324)
Towns and Cities
First towns (III, 288)
Arkansas Post (III, 266, 270, 273, 291, 313)
Little Rock (III, 283, 300, 314)
Hot Springs (III, 264)
III. PUBLIC SERVICE
Governors
James Miller (III, 282)
George Izard (III, 283)
John Pope (III, 283)
William S. Fulton (III, 283)
James S. Conway (III, 285)
Henry M. Rector (III, 304)
See full list of governors (III, 482)
Other Statesmen
Matthew Lyon (XII, 124)
James K. Jones (III, 333)
18
274 ARKANSAS
Augustus H. Garland (III, 318, 333; VII, 346; XI, 382)
Rector (VII, 346)
Robert Crittenden (III, 282)
Archibald Yell (III, 285)
Ambrose H. Sevier (III, 296)
Soldiers
George Izard (XI, 539)
Albert Pike (XII, 283)
Archibald Yell (III, 297, 301)
William Gray (III, 301)
Allan Wood (III, 301)
N. B. Pearce (III, 309)
Thomas C. Hindman (III, 310)
Harris Flanagin (III, 311)
T. J. Churchill (III, 313)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Who was the first white man to reach the land of Arkansas?
(Ill, 263)
When was the first settlement made? (Ill, 266)
What was the character of the original Indians? (Ill, 267-9)
What were the first French settlements? (Ill, 270-1)
In what famous land purchase was Arkansas included?
(Ill, 273)
Who were early American explorers from other States?
(Ill, 273-4)
When was Arkansas made a separate Territory? (Ill, 275)
Who was the first Territorial governor? (Ill, 282)
What was the manner of living one hundred years ago?
(Ill, 286-90)
When were the first post-offices established? (Ill, 291)
When was duelling made illegal? (Ill, 292)
When was Arkansas admitted into the Union? (Ill, 295)
What was the result of founding a State Bank? (Ill, 298)
What battle was fought on Arkansas soil in 1862? (Ill, 310)
When was Little Rock captured by Federal troops? (Ill, 314)
What were some of the chief events of the Reconstruction
period? (Ill, 319-30)
What noted soldier wrote the marching words for " Dixie " ?
(VII, 15)
What author may be claimed by both Louisiana and Ar-
kansas? (XII, 429)
When was the first newspaper established? (VII, 423)
What was the nature of the early land laws? (V, 54)
What are the leading crops? (VI, 87, 112)
What are the chief manufactures? (VI, 253)
FLORIDA
Although Florida was one of the first places discovered
and explored in America, it was the twenty-seventh state
to be admitted into the Union, long remaining under foreign
control. It is the southernmost state, occupying the penin-
sula separating the Gulf of Mexico from the Atlantic
Ocean. This peninsula is about 375 miles long, with an
average width of 95 miles. The total area is 58,666 square
miles, of which 3,805 square miles is water. The surface
is very low and flat, the highest point being about 300 feet.
The southern part is largely occupied by the Everglades,
an extensive swamp, which when reclaimed has proved very
fertile. The census of 1910 shows the population to be
752,619, of whom 443,646 are white. The state is noted for
its fruit raising. Forests cover over sixty per cent of the
surface, and turpentine products are important. Phosphate
mining and sponge fishing are also noteworthy.
GENERAL HISTORY
I. SPANISH PERIOD (1512-1819)
Discovery and Exploration
Voyages of Columbus (III, 1)
Ponce de Leon's expedition (III, 2, 3, 4)
The naming of Florida (III, 3)
Lucas Vasque de Ayllon (III, 4)
Narvaez (III, 5)
Fernando de Soto (III, 6)
Tristan de Luna (III, 7)
French Huguenots (III, 8, 9)
Clash between French and Spanish (III, 10, 11)
Sir Francis rake destroys St. Augustine (III, 12)
Early Government
Spanish mode of government (III, 12)
Indians (III, 13)
Relations with Carolina and Georgia (III, 14)
An English Province
Ceded to England in 1762 (III, 15)
Divided into four provinces (III, 15, 16)
Florida remains loyal to England during Revolution (III,
16)
Pensacola seized by the Spanish (III, 16, 17)
Again a Spanish Province
Ceded back to Spain by England (III, 17)
Troubles with Indians (III, 17)
875
276 FLORIDA
Alexander McGillivray (III, 18; XII, 138)
West Florida ceded to France and sold to the United
States (III, 18)
Florida in the War of 1812 (III, 18 et seq.)
Jackson's expedition (III, 19, 20)
II. TERRITORIAL PERIOD (1819-1845)
America Assumes Control
Ceded to the United States in 1819 (III, 21)
Jackson the first governor (III, 22)
Government established (III, 22, 23)
Duval's administration (III, 23)
Population in 1822 (III, 23)
Tallahassee founded and made the capitol (III, 24)
The Indian Question
Numbers of the Seminoles (III, 24)
.Restriction and removal (III, 25)
Treaty of Fort Moultrie (III, 25)
Continued troubles (III, 26, 27, 33 et seq.)
Immigration and Settlement
Population in 1826 (III, 27)
Settlers from neighboring states (III, 27)
Census of 1830 (III, 28)
Social condition (III, 28)
Education (III, 29)
Agricultural society (III, 29)
Early finances (III, 30, 31)
Other Territorial Governors
Eaton's administration (III, 31)
Call's administration (III, 32)
Indian war breaks out (III, 33)
Continued hostilities (III, 34, 35)
Cost of war (III, 35, 36)
Branch's administration (III, 37)
Admission to Union sought (III, 36)
III. FEDERAL PERIOD (1845-1861)
First Years as a State
Conditions of admission (III, 37)
Population (III, 37)
Mosely's administration (III, 37)
Brown's administration (III, 38)
Progress of Education
East and West Florida seminaries (III, 38, 39)
Township school trustees (III, 39)
Number of common schools (III, 39)
Final Indian Outbreaks
Indians restless in 1855 (III, 40)
Removal to Arkansas (III, 40)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 377
The Question of Slavery
The St. Joseph constitution (III, 40)
Public sentiment (III, 41)
Legislative action (III, 41, 42)
Trend Toward Secession
Broome's administration (III, 42)
Land for internal improvement (III, 42)
Financial condition (III, 43)
Perry's administration (III, 44)
Sentiment concerning secession (III, 44, 45)
IV. WAR PERIOD (1861-1865)
Secession
Ordinance of Secession (III, 45, 46)
Federal government notified (III, 47)
Population at this time (III, 46)
The War in Florida
Preparations for conflict (III, 48, 49)
Military and naval operations (III, 50 et seq.)
V. RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD (1865-1876)
Measures of Reconstruction
Marvin provisional governor (III, 63)
Constitutional convention (III, 63)
Congressional plan (III, 63 et seq.)
Freedmen's Bureau (III, 64)
State divided into five military districts (III, 65)
Internal Contentions
Constitution of 1868 (III, 66)
Political struggles (III, 66, 67)
Firearms shipped (III, 68)
Negro control (III, 69)
VI. MODERN PERIOD (1876-1910)
Democratic Control
Drew's administration (III, 70)
Perry's administration (III, 71)
Constitution of 1885 (III, 71)
Economic Progress
Railway construction (III, 70, 72, 75)
Orange crops lost by cold weather (III, 70, 71)
Growth of hotels (III, 72)
Discovery of phosphate (III, 72)
Jacksonville fire (III, 73, 74)
Drainage of Everglades (III, 74)
East Coast Canal (III, 76)
Forest products (III, 77)
Educational Progress
Higher education (III, 78)
The Buckman Bill (III, 78)
Institutions of learning (III, 78, 79)
278 FLORIDA
POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
L PRIOR TO THE WAR
Colonial Relations
The Florida Purchase (IV, 285, 304)
Acquisition opposed by Northern states (IV, 304, 305)
Cession to Spain (III, 17; X, 132)
Cession to England in Treaty of Paris (II, 139; III, 15;
X, 129)
Cession to United States (III, 20, 21; X, 133, 136)
Early government (III, 12)
East and West Florida defined (III, 16, 18)
State and Interstate Relations
Admission into Union (III, 37)
Boundary disputes with Georgia (IV, 148)
Final question of separating eastern and western sections
(III, 37)
First constitutional convention (III, 36)
Relations with Alabama (III, 28)
Relations with South Carolina (IV, 15)
Two capitals (III, 24)
Trend Toward War
Slavery question (III, 40)
Secession agitation (III, 44)
Secession convention (III, 45, 47)
Delegates to Montgomery Convention (III, 49)
II. SINCE THE WAR
Reconstruction Measures
Congressional plan (III, 63)
Tangled political conditions (III, 69)
Political Parties and Leaders
William D. Mosely (III, 39)
Thomas Brown (III, 38)
Joseph E. Broome (III, 42)
Madison S. Perry (III, 44)
Democratic party (III, 42, 44, 70)
Whig party (III, 38)
Republican party (III, 69)
List of governors (III, 479)
State Constitutions
Constitution of 1865 (III, 63)
Constitution of 1868 (III, 66)
Constitution of 1885 (III, 71)
ECONOMIC HISTORY
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
General Conditions
Early land laws (V, 60, 62, 63)
Early conditions (III, 23)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 279
Negro population (V, 111)
Object of early explorers mining, not agriculture (III, 13)
British land titles (V, 64)
First agricultural society (III, 29)
Geological survey (V, 559)
Seminole question (III, 24)
Slavery question (III, 40)
Immigration (III, 27)
Internal improvement act (III, 42)
Agriculture, Forestry and Live Stock
Cultivation of cotton (V, 198)
Sheep of the " piney woods " district (V, 249)
Rice culture (V, 170)
Sugar industry (V, 188)
Truck farming (V, 237)
Cereals (V, 221)
Orange industry (V, 240)
Live stock (V, 252)
Mining
Geological survey (V, 559)
Mining the object of the Spanish explorers (III, 13)
Manufactures
General survey (V, 331)
Transportation and Communication
First highway across the state (III, 24)
Principal ports (V, 414)
.Railway construction (III, 43)
Early communication (V, 338)
Fisheries
Importance of fisheries (V, 270)
Sponge fishing (V, 168)
Finance and Banking
Bad state of finances (III, 43)
Early banking conditions (V, 467)
Banks before the war (III, 44)
Bond issues (III, 31)
Finances of territory (III, 30)
Income tax (V, 506)
Repudiation (V, 505)
State finances (V, 504-507)
Tax on free negroes (V, 505)
Union bank fiasco (III, 31)
Wealth of the state (V, 630)
Federal expenditures in the state (V, 504)
State bank incorporated (III, 30)
II. SINCE THE WAR
General Conditions
Farm lands (VI, 17, 25)
Drainage of swamps (III, 74; VI, 554)
The Jacksonville fire (III, 73)
Tourist hotels (III, 72)
General survey (III, 75 et seq.)
280 FLORIDA
Agriculture, Forestry and Live Stock
Deer in the state (VI, 170)
Lumber industry (III, 77)
Orange industry (III, 70, 71)
Other fruits (III, 71)
Cereals (VI, 112)
Live stock (VI, 135)
Milling
Phosphate mining (III, 72)
General survey (VI, 175)
Manufactures
General survey (VI, 253)
Water power (VI, 561)
Lumber industry (III, 77)
Transportation and Communication
East Coast Canal (III, 76)
Growth of railroads (III, 70)
Improved waterways (VI, 650)
Principal ports (III, 77; V, 414)
Improvement of Jacksonville harbor (III, 77)
Railway to Key West (III, 75)
Foreign trade (VI, 353)
Fisheries
Importance of fisheries (VI, 158)
Sponge fishing (V, 168)
Finances and Banking
Revenue system (VI, 488)
State finances (VI, 487-489)
Banking (VI, 429)
Wealth (VI, 392, 619)
INTELLECTUAL LIFE
I. LITERATURE
Miscellaneous Writings
Brinton's " History of Florida " (VII, 101)
A. W. Blair's writings on chemistry (VII, 228)
A. W. Chapman's " Flora of the Southern United States "
(VII, 251)
Newspapers
"The Weekly Floridan " (VII, 419)
"Jacksonville Times-Union" (VII, 426)
" Pensacola Gazette " (III, 27)
II. EDUCATION
Progress of Education
Early interest in education (III, 29, 38)
Number of common schools (III, 39)
The Buckman Bill (III, 78)
School lands set aside (III, 29, 38)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 281
College* and Universities
Rise of colleges (X, 205)
Higher education (III, 78; X, 255)
East and West Florida Seminaries (III, 38, 39)
University of Florida (III, 29; X, 246)
III. THE PROFESSIONS
Lawyers
Yulee (VII, 346)
Stephen R. Mallory (VII, 346; XII, 155)
Morton (VII, 346)
Educators and Scientists
A. W. Blair (VII, 228)
A. W. Chapman (VII, 251)
SOCIAL LIFE
I. SOCIAL CONDITIONS
Racial Influences
Spanish influence (III, 12 et seq.; V, 60 et seq.; X, 46)
French expeditions (III, 8; X, 118)
English interest (III, 11, 15; X, 129)
German interest (X, 139)
Indians (III, 4 et seq.; X, 158)
Negroes (III, 40, 41)
Manners and Customs
Early conditions (III, 23)
Franciscan missions (X, 540)
Inhpspitality to Protestants (X, 531)
Social life in territorial days (III, 28)
Towns and Cities
St. Augustine (III, 10, 11, 12, 24)
Jacksonville (III, 73)
Tallahassee (III, 24)
Key West (III, 75)
Pensacola (III, 24)
II. PUBLIC SERVICE
Governors
William E>. Mosely (III, 37)
Thomas Brown (III, 38)
Joseph E. Broome (III, 42)
Madison S. Perry (III, 44)
List of governors (III, 479)
Other Statesmen
Robert Raymond Reid (III, 36)
S. R. Mallery (III, 47, 48)
William Marvin (III, 63)
David S. Walker (III, 64)
Charles W. Jones (III, 69)
282 FLORIDA
Soldiers
Samuel Gibbs French (XI, 368)
E. Kirby Smith (XII, 399)
James Gadsden (III, 26)
W. J. Worth (III, 35)
J. J. Dickinson (III, 56 et seq.)
What were the circumstances of Ponce de Leon's explora-
tion of Florida? (Ill, 2-4)
From what did the State derive its name? (Ill, 3)
What other Spanish adventurers explored Florida? (Ill, 5-6)
Who discovered the Mississippi River? (Ill, 7)
What English captain held St. Augustine for a time? (Ill, 11)
On what plan did Spain rule her colonies? (Ill, 12-13)
What attitude did Florida take toward the American Revo-
lution? (Ill, 16)
How did the War of 1812 affect Florida? (Ill, 19)
When was Florida ceded to the United States? (Ill, 21)
What was the purchase price? (Ill, 21)
How did the trouble with the Seminoles arise? (Ill, 25)
What was the history of this war? (Ill, 33-45)
When was Florida admitted into the Union? (Ill, 37)
Who was the first governor? (Ill, 37)
What was Florida's share in the War? (Ill, 49-63)
What was the Freedmen's Bureau? (Ill, 64)
In what year was Florida's orange crop ruined by cold
weather? (Ill, 71)
What was the extent and loss of the Jacksonville fire?
(Ill, 73)
What is the unique character of the East Coast Railroad?
(Ill, 75)
What are the State's chief ports? (Ill, 77)
What was the fate of the Seminoles? (IV, 438)
Is the orange tree indigenous to the soil? (V, 240)
What has the State done toward land reclamation? (VI, 554)
When was the first newspaper established? (VII, 419)
What are the leading products and industries today? (Ill,
70, 71, 72, 79; VI, 112, 135)
GEORGIA
Georgia was one of the original thirteen colonies, and is
the largest state east of the Mississippi River, having an
area of 59,265 square miles. Its length, north to south, is
320 miles; width, east to west, 254 miles. It is bounded
on the north by North Carolina and Tennessee ; on the east
by South Carolina and the Atlantic Ocean ; on the south by
Florida ; and on the west by Alabama. The surface is irregu-
lar, rising in terraces from low, swampy land at the coast
to mountain ranges in the north and northwest. The land
is noted for its variety of soils and many streams. The
population (census of 1910), was 2,609,121, of whom 1,431,-
816 were white. Seventy per cent of the land area is in
farms, the chief crops being corn and cotton. Manufactures
of cotton goods, lumber and fertilizers are important. Min-
ing is largely stone and clay products.
GENERAL HISTORY
I. COLONIAL PERIOD (1732-1776)
Early Grants and Settlements
Granted to the Lords Proprietors of Carolina (II, 122)
James Oglethorpe (II, 122 et seq.)
First company of colonists (II, 124)
Founding of Savannah (II, 125)
Other settlements (II, 125)
Pioneer Conditions
Trouble with Spaniards (II, 127 et seq.)
Good will of Indians secured (II, 128)
Visit of John Wesley (II, 131)
Internal affairs (II, 131 et seq.)
Georgia a Royal Province
Surrender of first charter (II, 135)
Royal governor appointed (II, 135)
First legislature (II, 136)
Province divided into parishes (II, 137)
Steps to Independence
Change in governors (II, 138)
How the Treaty of Paris affected Georgia (II, 139)
The Stamp Act, how received (II, 139)
Arrival of the " Speedwell " (II, 140)
Friction between the governor and the legislature (II, 140
et seq.)
383
284 GEORGIA
Boston Port Bill (II, 143)
Delegates elected to the Continental Congress (II, 143)
First liberty pole (II, 144)
Arrest of governor (II, 145)
II. FEDERAL PERIOD (1776-1861)
Outbreak of the Revolution
Conditions in 1776 (II, 146)
First constitution (II, 147)
Share in the Revolution (II, 148 et seq.)
Conditions at close of the war (II, 150)
Early Statehood
Share in forming the Federal Constitution (II, 151)
State constitution amended (II, 152)
State sovereignty (II, 153)
Yazoo land sale (II, 153)
Growth of the state (II, 155)
War of 1812 (II, 157)
State politics (II, 158)
Indian Affairs
The Creek troubles (II, 159)
The Cherokee controversy (II, 162)
Settlement of Indian lands (II, 165)
Conditions Prior to the Civil War
Movement of population (II, 165)
Construction of railroads (II, 166)
.Rise of the slavery issue (II, 167)
Secession agitation (II, 169)
III. WAR PERIOD (1861-1865)
Secession
Events which led to secession (II, 171 et seq.)
Georgia convention (II, 173)
Ordinance of secession (II, 174)
Other activities (II, 175)
Georgia enters the Confederacy (II, 177)
Share in the War
Georgia troops in early actions (II, 178)
Civil officers of the Confederacy (II, 180)
War conditions and campaigns in the state (II, 180 et seq.)
Losses at end of 1863 (II, 199)
Sherman's campaign in Georgia (II, 203 et seq.)
Losses in 1864 (II, 212)
Destruction of Atlanta (II, 212)
Damage to state by Sherman's campaign (II, 215)
Conditions at Close of War
President Davis captured (II, 217)
Loss caused by War (II, 217)
Taxation and debt (II, 218)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 285
IV. RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD (1865-1870)
Provisional Government
James Johnson appointed provisional governor (II, 219)
Suffrage restrictions (II, 219)
Constitutional convention (II, 220)
Reconstruction Measures
State government reorganized but not recognized (II, 220)
Freedmen's Bureau (II, 222)
Ku Klux Klan (II, 222)
Military rule (II, 223)
Second convention (II, 223)
Flight of Governor Jenkins (II, 224)
State Government Again Reorganized
New state officers seated (II, 224)
Trouble with Congress (II, 225)
Georgia readmitted to Union (II, 225)
V. MODERN PERIOD (1870-1910)
New Era of Progress
Public school system established (II, 226)
Donation of lands for educational funds (II, 227)
Constitution of 187T (II, 228)
Growth in population (II, 230)
International Cotton Exposition (II, 230)
New capitol building (II, 231)
Georgia School of Technology (II, 231)
University of Georgia (II, 238)
Political Activities
Legislative investigations (II, 228)
Political contests (II, 229)
Noted leaders (II, 230, 231, 232)
Gordon's administration (II, 231)
Northen's administration (II, 232)
Populist party (II, 234)
Atkinson's administration (II, 235)
Candler's administration (II, 237)
Terrell's administration (II, 239)
Smith's administration (II, 239)
Georgia at the Present Day
Area and population (II, 240)
Topography (II, 240)
Products of the soil (II, 241)
Minerals (II, 241, 242)
Manufactures and commerce (II, 242)
POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
Colonial Relations
Georgia in the Colonies (IV, 17)
A part of Carolina (II, 122)
Aid from colony of South Carolina (II, 123)
386 GEORGIA
Trouble with Spaniards (II, 127)
A royal province (II, 134)
Provisional congress (II, 143)
Early boundaries (II, 153)
Early State Questions
Boundary questions with North Carolina (IV, 145)
With South Carolina (IV, 151)
With Tennessee (IV, 147)
With Florida (IV, 148)
Early conventions (IV, 175)
Indian problem (IV, 434)
Claim to western territory (IV, 105)
Share in forming Federal Constitution (II, 151)
Relations with Mississippi (II, 356)
State constitution amended (II, 152)
State sovereignty (II, 153)
Yazoo land sale (II, 153)
Political controversies (II. 158)
State capitals (II, 153)
Trend Toward War
Rise of the slavery issue (II, 167)
The secession debates (II, 169)
Secession accomplished (II, 171)
Georgia enters the Confederacy (II, 175)
State Constitutions
First constitution (II, 147; IV, 72)
Constitution of 1789 (II, 152)
Constitution of 1798 (II, 152)
II. SINCE THE WAR
The Reconstruction Period
Provisional government convention (II, 219)
State government organized (II, 220)
Trouble with congress (II, 221)
Freedmen's Bureau (II, 222)
Second convention (II, 223)
State government reorganized (II, 224)
Readmission into Union (II, 225)
Political Parties and Leaders
Republican party (II, 224, 227)
Democratic party (II, 227, 234)
Colquitt-Norwood campaign (II, 229)
Alexander H. Stephens (II, 230)
Benjamin H. Hill (II, 230)
John B. Gordon (II, 231)
Farmers' Alliance (II, 232, 234)
Populist party (II, 234)
List of governors (III, 476)
State Constitutions
Constitution of 1868 (II, 223, 228)
Constitution of 1877 (II, 228)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 287
ECONOMIC HISTORY
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
General Conditions
Original land system (V, 48, 51)
Labor conditions (V, 99)
Negro population (V, 111)
German settlers (X, 142)
Invention of cotton gin (II, 155)
First settlers (II, 125; X, 104)
Geological and agricultural surveys (V, 558)
Grants of public lands (II, 150, 156)
Immigration in 1750 (IV, 18)
Paucity of servants (V, 101)
Repeal of law prohibiting slavery in 1749 (IV, 18)
State agricultural society organized (V, 82)
Chair of agriculture chemistry in state university (V, 82)
Agriculture and Live Stock
Culture of rice (V, 171)
Sugar cane (V, 187)
Cereals (V, 221)
Fruit (V, 241)
Agricultural products (II, 241)
Early export of corn (V, 216)
Cotton cultivation (V, 41, 198, 201)
Cotton lands (II, 165)
Cultivation of sorghum (V, 676)
Indigo culture (V, 183)
Live stock (V, 352)
Mining
General survey (V, 275 et seq.)
Coal mining (V, 292)
Copper (V, 283)
Gold mining (V, 277, 280)
Manufactures
General survey (V, 275 et seq.)
Cotton cloth (V, 203)
Cotton factories (V, 325)
Cotton manufactured in 1850 (IV, 188)
Transportation and Communication
Railway construction (II, 166)
First highway (V, 344)
First railways (V, 361, 364)
History of transportation ' (V, 336 et seq.)
Finances and Banking
Banking activities (V, 466)
Colonial revenue (V, 508)
King's quit-rents (V, 508)
Public debt (V, 509, 510)
Public land revenue (V, 509)
State finances (V, 508-510)
War taxation (V, 509)
Wealth (V, 630)
288 GEORGIA
II. SINCE THE WAR
General Conditions
Farm lands (VI, 17, 25)
Swamp drainage (VI, 554)
Topography (II, 240)
Agriculture, Forestry and Live Stock
Cotton (VI, 87)
Value of cotton crop (II, 241)
Cereals (VI, 112)
Lumber products (II, 241)
Decline of rice industry (VI, 15)
Fruits and vegetables (II, 241)
Live stock (VI, 135)
Mining
Iron ores (VI, 224; II, 242)
Manganese (VI, 230)
Progress in mining (II, 241)
Precious stones (VI, 239)
Gold producing area (II, 241)
Stone deposits (II, 242)
Marble (II. 242)
Quarrying (VI, 199)
Gold production (VI, 217)
Copper (VI, 219)
Manufactures
Growth of manufactures (II, 242)
Water power (II, 241; VI, 561)
Cotton goods (II, 242; VI, 283)
Comparative statistics (VI, 263, 303)
General survey (VI, 253 et seq.)
Transportation and Communication
Recent railway questions (II, 233)
.Railway companies and roads (II, 242)
Coast and foreign trade (II, 242; VI, 363)
Expenditures for highways (VI, 324)
Expositions
Atlanta Exposition of 1881 (II, 230; VI, 280)
Cotton States Exposition of 1895 (II, 235)
Finances and Banking
Heavy bonded debt (VI, 490)
Fraudulent bond issue (II, 226)
Repudiation (VI, 491)
State finances (VI, 490-493)
Wealth (VI, 392, 619)
Growth of banking (VI, 429)
INTELLECTUAL LIFE
I. LITERATURE
Poets and Poetry
Thomas Holley Olivers (XI, 195)
Paul Hamilton Hayne (VII, 23. 30, 31, 35, 39, 56; XI, 464)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 289
Sidney Lanier (VII, 18, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 51; X, 27;
XII, 53)
Robert Loveman (VII, 52; X, 564)
Frank L. Stanton (XII, 417)
Francis O. Ticknor (VII, 20; XII, 458)
Richard H. Wilde (XII, 556)
Humorists
Joel Chandler Harris, life (XI, 451); quoted (VIII, Ixiv);
extracts from works (VIII, 232, 238, 242); other refer-
ences (VII, 66, 86; VIII, xlix, Hi; X, 538)
Augustus Baldwin Longstreet, life (XII, 111) ; extracts
from works (VIII, 167, 170); references (VII, 72, 73;
VIII, xxiii, xl; X, 519)
William Tappan Thompson, life (XII, 456); extracts from
works (VIII, 180); references (VII, 72, 75, 76)
.Richard Malcolm Johnston (VII, 86; VIII, xlviii; X, 518;
XII, 14)
Charles Henry Smith ("Bill Arp "), life (XII, 399); text
of lecture (IX, 486); references (VII, 85, 86; IX, 379)
Novelists
Harry Stillwell Edwards (XI, 313)
Will N. Harben (XI, 440)
Historians and Histories
Charles C. Jones (VII, 101)
" History of Georgia," by Jones (VII, 101)
" Georgia," by Stevens (VII, 101)
Folk-Lore
" Negro Myths of the Georgia Coast," by Jones (VII, 64)
"Uncle Remus" (VIII, xlix, Hi; X, 538)
Harris's contributions to folk-lore study (VII, 66)
Editors and Periodicals
First newspapers (VII, 418, 426, 470)
Famous editors (VII, 478)
Joel Chandler Harris and his newspaper work (V, 551)
"Uncle Remus Magazine" (VII, 468)
"The Atlanta Constitution" and its editors (VII, 429)
" Georgia Gazette " (VII, 470)
Henry W. Grady (II, 232; IX, 76, 93, 374, 435; XI, 418)
Clark Howell (IX, 70; XI, 521)
"Field a d Fireside" (VII, 447)
"Scott's Monthly" (VII, 458)
Fell (VII, 475)
Charles R. Pendleton (XII, 262)
Tucker (XII, 477)
Augustus B. Longstreet as editor (VII, 75)
"Savannah Gazette" (VII, 418)
James Johnson (II, 219; VII, 418, 470)
II. EDUCATION
Progress of Education
System of common schools established (II, 226)
Public lands for school funds (II, 227)
Interest in education (II, 233, 238; X, 189)
19
290 GEORGIA
Industrial school for negro children (II, 238)
Present condition of common schools (II, 238, 239)
Technical education (X, 355)
Colleges and Universities
Rise of colleges (X, 202)
North Georgia Agricultural College (II, 227)
School of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts (II, 227)
Georgia School of Technology (II, 231, 238; X, 244, 353)
Normal and Industrial College for Girls (II, 233, 238)
Normal School at Athens (II, 233, 238)
Colleges having New England presidents (VII, 301)
University of Georgia (II, 150, 227, 231, 238; VII, 157, 299
et seq.; X, 203, 220, 243)
Georgia Female College, first of its kind (VII, 76)
Georgia Medical College (X, 244)
Georgia Normal and Industrial College for Colored Youths
(X, 244)
Colleges and Universities (X, 255, 305)
III. THE PROFESSIONS
Educators and Scientists
Abraham Baldwin (VII, 299)
Price (VII, 124)
Atherton Seidell (VII, 230)
Waddell (VII, 233, 265)
John Le Conte (XII, 63)
Joseph Le Conte (VII, 254; XII, 64)
Louis Le Conte (XII, 66)
Patrick H. Mell (XII, 184)
Walter B. Hill (II, 238)
David C. Barrow (II, 238)
Lawyers
Thomas R. R. Cobb (II, 170; VII, 346; XI, 219)
Charles J. Jenkins (II, 220; XI, 564)
Alfred H. Colquitt (II, 227; XI, 222)
Benjamin H. Hill (XI, 494)
Alexander H. Stephens (VII. 232, 346; IX, 57, 402; XII, 419)
Robert Toombs (VII, 346; IX, 58, 312; XII, 463)
George W. Crawford (VII, 349)
George McDuffie (XII, 135)
Charles C. Jones (XII, 18)
George Walton (XII, 510)
Clergymen
John Wesley (II, 131)
George Whitefield (II, 132)
Bolzius (II, 132)
John Leadley Dagg (X, 515)
George Foster Pierce (XII, 282)
Lovick Pierce (XII, 283)
James Osgood Andrew (X, 518; XI, 18)
John Watrus Beckwith (IX, 143; XI, 63)
Warren A. Candler (XI, 174)
Francis Xavier Gartland (XI, 389)
Cleland K. Nelson (XII, 226)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 291
Charles C. Jones (XII, 18)
Patrick H. Mell (XII, 184)
Physicians and Surgeons
Lyman Hall (VII, 358)
Noble W. Jones (VII, 358)
Nathaniel Brownson (VII, 358)
William C. Daniel (VII, 363)
Paul F. Eve (VII, 364)
Robert Batley (VII, 365)
L. B. Grandy (VII, 365)
Crawford Long (VII, 366)
Sculptor
Edward Kemeys (X, 686; XII, 31)
SOCIAL LIFE
I. SOCIAL CONDITIONS
Manners and Customs
Early settlers (X, 104)
Early industrial development (X, 23)
Mountain life (X, 41)
Movement of population (II, 165)
Racial Influences
Cherokee controversy (II, 162)
Indian affairs (II, 156, 159; X, 158)
Spanish expeditions (X, 128)
Conflicts with Spaniards (II, 129; IV, 19)
Early German settlers (X, 139, 142)
Original English colony (X, 104, 131)
Negroes (II, 153, 223)
Jews (X, 153)
The Negro Problem
Negro population (II, 153)
Negro suffrage (II, 223)
Slavery (II, 153, 167; IV, 18; V, 99, 106)
Education of negroes (X, 244)
Social Uplift
Penitentiary system (V, 131)
Prison commission (II, 236)
Prohibition in the state (II, 239)
Georgia Library Association (VII, 502)
Interest in education (II, 233, 238; X, 189)
Child labor problem (X, 585)
Social settlement work (X, 616)
Towns and Cities
Augusta (II, 127)
Savannah (II, 125; X, 101)
Early settlements (II, 125 et seq.)
Atlanta (II 209 et seq.; VI, 44; X, 25, 420)
293 GEORGIA
II. RELIGION
Religious Influences
Connection of church and state abolished after the Revolu-
tion (X, 531)
Dissenters (X, 467)
Visit of Wesley (II, 131)
Freedom of religion prohibited to " Papists " (X, 530)
Denominational Growth
Congregational Church (II, 134)
Denominational colleges numerous (X, 203)
Baptist Church (X. 226)
Methodist Episcopal Church (X, 226)
.Roman Catholic Church (X, 537)
III. PUBLIC SERVICE
Governors
George M. Troup (II, 158; XII, 475)
Joseph E. Brown (II, 170 et seq.; XI, 128)
Charles J. Jenkins (II, 220 et seq.; XI, 564)
Alfred H. Colquitt (II, 227; XI, 222)
John B. Gordon (II, 231; XI, 411)
William J. Northen (II, 232; XII, 235)
James M. Smith (II, 226)
W. Y. Atkinson (II, 235)
Allen D. Candler (II, 237)
Joseph M. Terrell (II, 239)
List of governors (III, 476)
Orators
Henry W. Grady (II, 232; IX, 76, 374, 435; XI, 418)
John Temple Graves (IX, 435)
John B. Gordon (IX, 75; XI, 411)
Benjamin H. Hill (II, 170, 227; IX, 60, 61, 62, 72, 93, 354,
374; XI, 494)
Herschel V. Johnson (IX, 62, 63; XI, 574)
Alexander H. Stephens (IX, 57, 402; XII, 419)
Robert Toombs (IX, 58, 312; XII, 463)
George McDuffie (V, 71; VII, 161; IX, 51, 59, 93, 287;
XII, 135)
Thomas E. Watson (IX, 454; XII, 529)
Other Statesmen
James Oglethorpe (II, 15, 101, 123, 127, 128, 130, 131; V,
17; X, 101, 131; XII, 239)
Archibald Bulloch (II, 145, 147; IX, 28; XI, 140)
John Houstoun (II, 145)
Button Gwinnett (II, 146; IX, 28; XI, 430)
J. J. Zubly (II, 145)
Lyman Hall (II, 144 et seq.; VII, 296; IX, 28; XI, 432)
John Forsyth (XI, 360)
Noble W. Jones (II, 145; IX, 28)
William Few (II, 151)
William Pierce (II, 151)
William Houston (II, 151)
George McIDuffie (V, 71; VII, 161; IX, 51 et seq.; XII,
185)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 293
Abraham Baldwin (II, 151)
Hoke Smith (II, 239; XII, 403)
Robert Toombs (II, 168, 173, 180; IX, 58, 312; XII, 463)
Alexander H. Stephens (II, 168, 180; IX, 57, 402; XII, 419)
Howell Cobb (II, 168, 170; IX, 49; XI, 218)
Benjamin H. Hill (II, 170, 227; IX, 60, 61, 62, 72, 93, 354,
374; XI, 494)
George W. Crawford (II, 173; VII, 349)
Herschel V. Johnson (II, 173; IX, 62, 63; XI, 574)
Soldiers
Joseph Habersham (II, 145)
Elijah Clarke (II, 148)
A. R. Lawton (II, 177)
William J. Hardee (II, 179, 197)
John B. Gordon (II, 179, 216, 231; IX, 75; XI, 411)
Joseph Wheeler (II, 179, 236)
John C. Fremont (XI, 365)
James Longstreet (XII, 112)
Pierce M. B. Young (XII, 583)
List of officers in War (II, 179)
Naval Officers
Josiah Tattnall (II, 180, 181, 215)
James D. Bulloch (II, 184)
Thomas M. Brumby (II, 236)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Who was the founder of Georgia? (II, 124)
When did the first shipload of colonists come over? (II, 124)
What were the first settlements? (II, 126-7)
What great English evangelist visited Georgia? (II, 131)
When was Georgia constituted a royal province? (II, 135)
For whom was it named ? (11,139)
What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris? (II, 139)
How was the Stamp Act received? (II, 140-1)
How large was the colony at the outbreak of the Revolution?
(II, 146)
In what year did hostilities break out here? (II, 148)
What were the principal engagements? (II, 148-9)
What was the Yazoo land sale? (II, 153-5)
When was the cotton gin invented? (II, 155)
What was Georgia's share in the War of 1812? (II, 157-8)
When were the last of the Indians removed? (II, 164)
When were the first railroads built? (II, 166)
What was the State's share in War of Secession? (II, 178)
What were the chief battles in the State? (II, 185-99)
What was the history of Sherman's campaign? (II, 203-15)
What was the Ku Klux Klan? (II, 222)
294 GEORGIA
When was Georgia readmitted into the Union? (II, 225)
In what year was the Cotton States Exposition held? (II, 235)
What are the chief products of the state? (II, 241-2)
Who was the author of " Georgia Scenes "? (VII, 72)
What great poets may Georgia claim? (VII, 18 et seq.)
What famous humorists has the state produced? (VII, 72
et seq.)
What are the leading crops? (VI, 87, 112, 135)
What famous poet went to live in a cabin, in order to follow
his art? (XI, 464)
What noted sculptor came from Georgia? (X, 686)
Name three famous editors who were Georgians (VII, 478)
What were the first newspapers in the state? (VII, 418, 426,
470)
Name six famous orators from Georgia (IX, 76, 435, 75, 60,
62, 57, 58, 71, 454)
What well-known scientist was identified with the state?
(VII, 254)
What noted physicians were Georgians? (VII, 358 et seq.)
Mention some great lawyers (VII, 346 et seq.)
Mention six statesmen (II, 15, 151, 168 et seq.)
Mention six generals (II, 177 et seq.)
KENTUCKY
Kentucky was the second state to be admitted into the
Union, after the thirteen original colonies had promulgated
a Constitution. It is one of the most northern of the South-
ern States, being bounded on the north by Ohio, Indiana, and
Illinois, following the lines of the Ohio River; on the east by
West Virginia and Virginia; on the south by Tennessee;
and on the west by Illinois and Missouri. Its total area is
40,598 square miles. The surface in the eastern part is
mountainous, and the country is rolling, with a gentle slope
toward the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. The state is well
watered and fertile, and is noted for its Blue Grass region
and live stock. The principal crops are corn and tobacco,
the former being valued at $53,000,000, and the latter at
$37,000,000, in 1910. Coal is the most valuable mineral.
The population in 1910 was 2,289,905, of whom 2,027,995
were white.
GENERAL HISTORY
I. FORMATIVE PERIOD (1606-1792)
Exploration and Settlement
Included in Virginia charter (I, 236)
Thomas Bat.ts's discoveries (I, 237)
La Salle's explorations (I, 237)
Thomas Walker (I, 237, 238)
The Ohio Company (I, 238)
Early conditions (I, 239, 240)
First pioneers (I, 242)
Daniel Boone (I, 242 et seq.)
Surveys in 1773 (I, 244)
The Transylvania Company (I, 245, 246)
Kentucky a County of Virginia
First four settlements (I, 247)
Organization of Kentucky County (I, 247)
Indian troubles (I, 248)
Share in the Revolution
Influence of George Rogers Clark (I, 249)
Expedition to the Northwest (I, 250)
Indian and Canadian expedition (I, 252, 253)
Simon Girty the renegade (I, 253)
Steps to Statehood
Population in 1784 (I, 254)
Causes for desiring statehood (I, 254, 255)
Danville conventions (I, 255 et seq.)
Population in 1790 (I, 259)
295
296 KENTUCKY
II. FEDERAL PERIOD (1792-1881)
Early Statehood Conditions
Admission into Union (I, 258)
Review of conditions (I, 260)
Trouble with British and Indians until 1795 (I, 263)
Population when admitted (I, 264)
Constitutional History
Acts of Virginia legislature (I, 264, 265)
First constitution (I, 265)
Second constitution (I, 267)
Third constitution (I, 268)
Fourth constitution (I, 269.)
Resolutions of '98 (I, 270)
Progress in Education
Common school system (I, 272)
Funds and taxation (I, 273)
University and normals (I, 274)
Early Military Affairs
Rogers the first military leader (I, 275)
Strategic position of Kentucky (I, 276 et seq.)
Indian campaigns (I, 277, 278)
The War of 1812 (I, 278 et seq.)
Share in the Battle of New Orleans (I, 283)
Kentucky in the Mexican War
Call for troops (I, 285)
A training school for the War (I, 286)
III. WAR PERIOD (1861-1865)
Secession Agitation
Kentucky a divided camp (I, 287)
Attempt to maintain neutrality (I, 289, 290)
Seizure by Federal forces (I, 291)
Outbreak of Hostilities
Battle of Mill Spring (I, 293)
Contributions to both armies (I, 295, 296)
Provisional government and attempted secession (I, 296,
297)
Return of peace (I, 298)
IV. MODERN PERIOD (1865-1910)
Conditions at the Close of War
Refusal of paroles (I, 298)
Mountain feuds (I, 299 et seq.)
Topography (I, 300)
Losses from the war (I, 306)
Interpretation of the Constitution and abolition of slavery
(I, 307)
Peace and Development
Repeal of expatriation law (I, 309)
The period of apathy (I, 311)
The Regulators (I, 311, 312)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 297
Immigration invited (I, 313)
The negro today (I, 314)
The mountain region (I, 315)
Coal and timber (I, 316)
Moral and religious growth (I. 316)
Latter-Day Affairs
Era of progress (I, 317 et seq.)
Constitution of 1891 (I, 318)
Feuds and quarrels (I, 319)
The Goebel affair (I, 322)
Agricultural and mineral products (I, 325)
New social consciousness (I, 326 et seq.)
War upon the tobacco trust (I, 327)
Spread of prohibition (I, 329)
Educational advancement (I, 329)
Present conditions (I, 331)
POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
Colonial and Interstate Relations
Kentucky a part of Virginia (I, 236)
Organization of Kentucky County (I, 247)
The Clark expedition (I, 250)
The Danville Conventions (I, 255 et seq.)
The Resolutions of '98 (I, 270; IV, 476)
Acts of Virginia legislature (I, 264, 265)
First General Assembly (I, 266)
Boundary disputes with Tennessee (IV, 143)
Constitutional History
First constitution (I, 265)
Second constitution (I, 267)
Third constitution (I, 268)
Fourth constitution (I, 269)
Attitude Toward the War
Divided political sentiment (I, 287)
Attempt to maintain neutrality (I, 289)
Provisional government (I, 296)
Secession attempted but foiled (I, 297)
Protest concerning states' rights (V, 71)
II. SINCE THE WAR
Conditions at Close of War
Committed to the Union but pro-slavery in sentiment (I,
305)
Interpretation of Constitution (I, 307)
Freedmen's Bureau (I, 308)
Disregard of law (I, 318)
Civil authority slow in reestablishment (I, 319,
Punishment of criminals (V, 131)
298 KENTUCKY
Constitutional History
Constitution of 1891 (I, 318)
Political Parties and Leaders
Isaac Shelby (I, 266)
Democratic party (I, 322)
Republican party (I, 322)
William S. Goebel (I, 322)
List of governors (III, 474)
ECONOMIC HISTORY
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
General Conditions
Early character of country (I, 239)
Included in Virginia grant (I, 236)
French influence (I, 241)
First settlers (I, 242)
Early pioneer life (I, 244)
Indian troubles (I, 254)
Settlement of state (I, 260)
Negro population (V, 111)
Abolition of slavery (I, 308)
First flow of immigration to Kentucky (I, 245, 262)
Internal improvements (V, 513, 515)
Land jobbing (V, 512)
Live Stock
Cattle-breeding (V, 247)
Hog-raising (V, 251)
Horse-breeding (V, 245)
Sheep-raising (V, 249)
Agriculture
Hemp and flax culture (V, 232)
Tobacco (V, 165)
Corn (V, 216)
Other cereals (V, 221)
Mining
Coal mining (V, 294)
Geological survey (V, 561)
Manufactures
Tobacco (V, 327)
Whiskey (V, 327)
Agricultural implements (V, 326)
General statistics (V, 331)
Transportation and Communication
Free navigation on rivers (I, 255)
Wilderness road (V, 345)
Turnpikes and tolls (V, 349)
History of transportation (V, 336 et seq.)
Finances and Banking
Banking (V, 470, 512)
Expenditures for education (V, 514)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 899
Land taxes (V, 511)
Real property taxes (V, 511)
State finances (V, 511-516)
Wealth (V, 630)
II. SINCE THE WAR
General Conditions
Area and topography (I, 300)
Natural resources (I, 300)
Immigrants (I, 301)
Regulator troubles (I, 311, 312)
Bureau of Immigration established (I, 313)
Negroes (I, 314)
State Development Convention (I, 325)
Increase of small farms (I, 327)
War on tobacco trust (I, 327)
State Agricultural Experiment Station (I, 331)
Present-day conditions (I, 331)
Farming methods (I, 327)
New industrial conditions (I, 313)
Farm lands (VI, 17, 25)
Live Stock
Stock-raising (I, 327)
Shorthorn cattle (VI, 140)
Horse-breeding (VI, 137)
Importance of domestic animals (VI, 136)
Agriculture and Forestry
Timber resources (I, 300)
Value of timber (I, 316)
Agricultural wealth (I, 325)
Hemp and flax culture (VI, 125)
Timber products (I, 316)
Tobacco (I, 327; VI, 67)
Cereals (VI, 112)
Mining
Eastern coal field (I, 301)
Importance of coal (I, 303)
Coal output (I, 325)
Growth of coal mining (VI, 181)
Iron ores (VI, 224)
Petroleum (VI, 187)
Manufactures
Pig iron (I, 325)
Distilling (VI, 261, 293)
Decline of hemp manufactures (VI, 361)
Iron industry (VI, 273)
Water power (VI, 561)
Statistics of manufactures (VI, 263)
Transportation and Communication
Railways (I, 315, 316)
Turnpikes (I, 326)
300 KENTUCKY
River navigation (VI, 367)
Expenditures for highways (VI, 324)
History of transportation (VI, 305 et seq.)
Finances and Banking
War debt (I, 307)
State debt paid (VI, 495)
State finances (VI, 493-496)
Taxable property (VI, 494)
Uniform taxation (VI, 493)
Wealth (VI, 392)
Banking (VI, 429)
INTELLECTUAL LIFE
I. LITERATURE
Poets and Poetry
Theodore O'Hara (VII, 19, 29; XII, 240)
Madison Cawein (VII, 52, 53; XI, 185)
Cale Young Rice (XII, 344)
John Milton Harney (XI, 446)
Humorists
J. Proctor Knott (VII, 72; XII, 46)
John E. Hatcher (VII, 72)
George D. Prentice (VII, 72, 82; XII, 311)
Novelists
James Lane Allen (VII, 292; VIII, 330; XI, 9)
John Fox, Jr. (XI, 364)
Charles W. Webber (XII, 535)
Alice Hegan Rice (XII, 343)
Historians and Histories
Filson's historical study of Kentucky (VII, 104)
Shaler's historical study of Kentucky (VII, 105, 266)
Editors and Periodicals
" Kentucky Gazette," published by James Bradford, the first
newspaper west of Alleghanies (VII, 421, 470)
" Kentucky Herald," established by Thomas H. Stewart
(VII, 422)
" Kentucky Journal," by Benjamin J. Bradford (VII, 422)
"The Rights of Man," by Darius Moffett (VII, 422)
"The Guardian of Freedom," by John Bradford (VII, 422)
"Public Advertiser," by Shadrach Penn (VII, 422)
Louisville " Courier-Journal," (VII, 71, 425, 426, 482)
Louisville ' Anzeiger " (VII, 426)
Louisville ' Herald " (VII, 426)
Louisville 'Times" (VII, 426)
Frankfort 'Argus," edited by Amos Kendall (VII, 475)
Louisville 'Advertiser," edited by Penn (VII, 475)
Henry Watterson (VII, 71, 482; XII, 531)
George D. Prentice (VII, 72, 82, 482; XII, 311)
James R. Barrick (XI, 47)
John H. Harney (XI, 445)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 301
II. EDUCATION
Progress of Education
Early school system (I, 272)
Educational conditions (I, 329)
Expenditures for education (V, 514)
Sentiment for education (X, 204)
The educational commission (X, 423)
Land grants for education (I, 330)
Colleges and Universities
Colleges inviting Eastern educators (VII, 306)
Kentucky Academy (X, 224)
Agricultural and Mechanical College (I, 330)
Kentucky State University (I, 330; VII, 154; X, 224, 246)
Growth of colleges (X, 255)
Medical colleges (X, 305)
Theological seminaries (X, 312)
III. THE PROFESSIONS
Educators and Scientists
J. H. Kastle (VII, 230)
John L. Buchanan (VII, 263; XI, 136)
Nathaniel S. Shaler (V, 218; VII, 105, 266; XII, 385)
William B. Smith (VII, 155, 218; XII, 407)
J. K. Patterson (I, 330)
Benjamin T. Kavanaugh (XII, 28)
Lawyers
Joseph C. S. Blackburn (XI, 83)
John C. Breckenridge (XI, 118)
John G. Carlisle (XI, 177)
Henry Clay (XI, 208)
Abraham Lincoln (XII, 97)
John J. Crittenden (XI, 238)
Physicians and Surgeons
Benjamin W. Dudley (VII, 364; XI, 298)
Ephraim McDowell (VII, 362)
Charles McCreary (VII, 363)
Daniel Drake (VII, 364)
Henry Miller (VII, 365)
Brashear (VII, 367)
John M. Harney (XI, 446)
Joseph R. Buchanan (XI, 137)
Clergymen
Martin J. Spalding (VII, 524; XII, 414)
John Breckenridge (XI, 117)
Robert J. Breckenridge (XI, 119)
Benedict Joseph Flaget (XI, 347)
Benjamin T. Kavanaugh (XII, 28)
Pierre Joseph Lavialle (XII, 61)
Painters and Sculptors
Joel T. Hart (X, 680, 686)
Matthew Jouett (X, 680)
Enid Yandell (X, 686; XII, 580)
302 KENTUCKY
SOCIAL LIFE
I. SOCIAL CONDITIONS
Manners and Customs
Early settlers (X, 105)
A continuation of Virginia (X, 106)
Early pioneer life (I, 244)
Mountain feuds (I, 299, 319)
Racial Influences
Indians (X, 158)
Scotch-Irish influence (X, 241)
Negroes (V, 111)
Flow of immigration (I, 245, 262)
Social Uplift
Rise of colleges (X, 204)
Child labor problem (X, 585)
Settlement work (X, 616)
Prohibition movement (I, 329)
Punishment of criminals (V, 131)
Early interest in libraries (VII, 496)
Towns and Cities
First towns (I, 247)
Frankfort (I, 266)
Louisville (I, 244, 316; VI, 367; VII, 507)
Lexington (VII, 496)
II. RELIGION
Religious Influences
Church activity (I, 316)
The Y. M. C. A (I, 317)
Pioneer Bible society (I, 317)
Denominational Growth
Baptist Church (I, 316; X, 313)
Christian Church (X, 241)
Presbyterian Church (X, 313)
Other Protestant bodies (I, 317)
Roman Catholic Church (X, 250, 537)
Theological seminaries (X, 312)
III. PUBLIC SERVICE
Governors
Isaac Shelby (I, 266)
Charles Scott (I, 278)
John Adair (I, 284)
George W. Johnson (I, 297)
Richard Howes (I, 297)
Simon B. Buckner (XI, 137)
List of governors (III, 474)
Other Statesmen
Richard M. Johnson (I, 283)
Zachary Taylor (I, 285; XII, 442)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 303
Abraham Lincoln (XII, 97)
Henry Clay (XI, 208)
John G. Carlisle (XI, 177)
John C. Breckenridge (XI, 118)
Joseph C. A. Blackburn (XI, 83)
John J. Crittenden (XI, 238)
Thomas T. Crittenden (XI, 240)
Cassius M. Clay (XI, 205)
Soldiers
Charles Scott (I, 278)
John Adair (I, 284)
Zachary Taylor (I, 285)
William O. Butler (XI, 147)
George B. Crittenden (XI, 237)
Thomas L. Crittenden (XI, 239)
List of officers in War (I, 295, 296)
Pioneers
Daniel Boone (I, 242; XI, 100)
Michael Stover (I, 242)
James Harrod (I, 242)
John Findlay (I, 242)
Thomas Walker (XII, 505)
George Rogers Clark (I, 249, 260; XI, 202)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What two explorers discovered Kentucky about the same time?
(I, 237)
Who built the first house in this region? (I, 238)
What kind of man was Daniel Boone? (I, 242-4)
How did the early pioneers live? (I, 244)
What was the Transylvania Company? (I, 245-6)
To what state did Kentucky originally belong? (I, 247)
Who led the Kentuckians against the Indians and English
in the War of the Revolution? (I, 249-53)
Who was Simon Girty? (I, 253)
Why was the statehood of Kentucky hastened? (I, 254-7)
How long did the troubles with the Indians continue? (I, 263)
What were the Kentucky Resolutions? (I, 270; IV, 476)
What were the incidents of the battle of Tippecanoe? (I, 280)
What was Kentucky's resolution in regard to the War of
Secession? (I, 287-92)
What was the first battle on Kentucky soil? (I, 293)
How many miles of railway were in the state during the War ?
(I, 301)
Who were the Regulators ? (1,312)
Why have feuds existed and been hard to stamp out? (I,
319-22)
304 KENTUCKY
What were the causes back of the Goebel assassination? (I,
322-5)
What are the state's leading resources? (I, 325)
For what principle did Henry Clay stand? (IV, 330)
What famous orators were Kentuckians? (IX)
What well-known poem did O'Hara write, and when? (VII,
19)
What noted editors has the state produced? (VII, 71, 72,
422)
What two Kentucky novelists stand preeminent? (VII, 292;
XI, 364)
What are the state's chief industries? (VI)
What noted sculptors have come from Kentucky? (X, 686)
Sketch the progress of education in the state (I, 272, 329,
330)
Name the colleges and universities (I, 330; X, 224, 255, 305,
312)
What noted physicians has Kentucky produced? (VII, 362
et seq.)
What noted clergyman? (VII, XI, XII)
Name four statesmen who have wielded a national influence
(XI, 208, 118, 177; XII, 97, 285)
What great soldiers were Kentuckians? (I, 278, 285, 295,
296)
LOUISIANA
Louisiana is the eighteenth state in the Union and its
early history is extremely important, as the Louisiana Pur-
chase from the French in 1803 opened up not only the
mouth of the Mississippi River to the United States but
also included a vast tract of middle western country ex-
tending as far north as Montana. Louisiana, the present
state, is bounded on the north by Arkansas, on the east by
Mississippi, on the south by the Gulf of Mexico and on the
west by Texas. Its area is 48,506 square miles, of which
3,097 square miles is water. The Mississippi River, whose
delta forms the lower part of the country, traverses the
entire length of the state. The average elevation above
the sea level is only 75 feet. The river banks are protected
by high levees, on which upwards of $50,000,000 have been
expended. The soil is especially suited to sugar cane and
rice. Cotton also is a leading crop. Fisheries are impor-
tant, oysters representing about one-half of the annual
catch. Oil wells produce a good grade of petroleum valued
at over $2,000,000 per year. Population (census of 1910),
was 1,656,388, of whom 941,125 were white.
GENERAL HISTORY
I. FRENCH AND SPANISH PERIOD (1682-1803)
Early Explorers
Spanish claim to Gulf Coast (III, 82)
Expedition of Narvaez (III, 83)
Expedition of De Soto (III, 83)
La Salle reaches the mouth of the Mississippi (III, 81, 84)
First Settlements
La Salle's first colony in Texas (III, 85)
Iberville's colony (III, 86; X, 121)
Bienville at Natchez (III, 87)
French and Spanish friendly (III, 88)
Spanish land grants (V, 56, 57)
The Colony Under French Control
Crozat's charter (III, 88)
John Law's Company (III, 89)
New Orleans founded (III, 89)
Vaudreuil's administration (III, 91)
Louisiana Under Spain
Cession to Spain (III, 91)
Acadians reach Louisiana (III, 99)
30 305
306 LOUISIANA
Antonio de Ulloa (III, 92)
Opposition to Spanish rule (III, 92)
Effect of American Revolution upon colony (lit $4}
Population and commerce (III, 94)
Baton Rouge (III, 94)
Language (III, 96)
The Louisiana Purchase
Retrocession of colony to France (III, 97)
Napoleon sells it to America (III, 98, 99)
Territory acquired from France (X, 107)
Causes of Purchase (III, 81, 98, 273; IV, 284, 302)
Northern view of Purchase (I, xl; IV, 303)
Other references to Purchase (II, 363; IV, 304; V, 840;
VII, 95)
II. TERRITORIAL PERIOD (1803-1812)
Territorial Government Organized
District of Louisiana and Territory of Orleans (III, 101)
Lack of civil rights (III, 101, 102)
Form of government (III, 102)
Opposition to government (III, 104)
Claiborne's administration (III, 105 et seq.)
Difficulties (105 et seq.)
Steps to Statehood
Social and economic conditions (III, 108)
Growth in population (III, 109)
Constitutional convention (III, 110)
Census of 1810 (III, 113)
III. FEDERAL PERIOD (1812-1861?
Early Statehood Conditions
Admission into Union (III, 111)
Annexation of part of West Florida (III, 111)
Census of 1820 (III, 115)
River navigation (III, 114)
Economic and Industrial Progress
Plantation system (III, 116)
Cultivation of sugar and cotton (III, 119)
Slavery (III, 121)
Scale of living (III, 125)
The War of 1812
Lafitte the pirate (III, 126)
Jackson in command (III, 127)
Battle of New Orleans (III, 128 et seq.)
The War With Mexico
Popular enthusiasm (III, 131)
Secession
Events which foreshadowed secession (III, 132)
Ordinance of secession (III, 133)
Sentiment divided (III, 134)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 307
IV. WAR PERIOD (1861-1865)
Outbreak of Hostilities
Confederate Constitution ratified (III, 135)
Troops raised (III, 135)
Farragut captures New Orleans (III, 136)
Butler's rule (III, 137)
Campaigns in the State
Federal and Confederate operations (III, 138 et seq.)
V. RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD (1865-1876)
Reconstruction During War
Butler's military rule (III, 141)
Shepley made military governor (III, 141)
Lincoln appoints provisional court (III, 141)
Political Reconstruction (III, 142)
Constitutional convention in 1864 (III, 143)
Reconstruction Under Johnson
End of war in state (III, 144)
General conditions (III, 145)
Freedmen's Bureau (III, 146)
Political turmoil (III, 147)
Reconstruction Acts of 1867 (III, 150)
Congressional Reconstruction
Louisiana a military district (III, 151)
Constitution of 1868 and its view of suffrage (III, 153)
Warmoth's administration (III, 153)
Increase of state debt (III, 155)
The Kellogg usurpation (III, 156)
The White League (III, 158)
Congressional committee (III, 159)
Campaign of 1876 (III, 160)
End of Reconstruction (III, 162)
VI. MODERN PERIOD (1876-1910)
Beginning of New Era
Significance of the year 1876 (III, 163)
Curse of Carpet-baggery (III, 163)
Wresting of state from alien control (III, 164)
Riot of 1874 (III, 165)
Election of 1876 (III, 166)
Constitution of 1879 (III, 168)
Modern Growth and Problems
Problem of white supremacy (III, 169 t seq.)
Era of factionalism (III, 170)
Constitution of 1898 (III, 171)
The Louisiana Lottery (III, 172)
A great moral victory (III, 174)
Public school system (III, 175)
Industrial Development
Sugar and rice culture (III, 177 et seq.)
Natural conditions favorable (III, 178)
308 LOUISIANA
Louisiana's Two Literatures
Two elements flourishing side by side (III, 180)
Noted French writers (III, 180)
Noted English writers (III, 181)
Contribution to American Progress
Noted men who have come from Louisiana (III, 181)
POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
Colonial Relations
Spanish claim to Gulf Coast (III, 82)
Spanish land grants (V, 56, 57)
French charter to La Salle (III, 85)
Crozat's charter (III, 88)
Vaudreuil's administration (III, 91)
Louisiana under Spain (III, 91 et seq.)
Political significance ot Louisiana Purchase (I, xli; II, 363;
III, 81, 98, 273; IV, 284. 302; V, 340; VII, 95)
Relation to Mississippi colony (II, 353)
Territorial Relations
Territorial government organized by the United States (III,
100)
Lack of civil rights (III, 101, 102)
Claiborne's administration (III, 105 et seq.)
Early Statehood Period
Annexation of part of West Florida (III, 111)
Disputes with Mississippi (IV, 154)
First constitution, 1812 (III, 110)
Growing influence in National affairs (III, 131)
Relations with Spanish in Texas (III, 110)
Slavery and Secession
Introduction of slaves (III, 103, 121)
Condition of slaves (IV, 225)
Slavery practically forces secession (III, 133)
Events which led to secession (III, 132 et seq.)
Ordinance of secession (III,. 133)
II. SINCE THE WAR
Reconstruction Period
Reconstruction measures during War (III, 141)
Freedmen's Bureau (III, 146)
Johnson's plan of Reconstruction (III, 144 et seq.)
Congressional Reconstruction (III, 151 et seq.)
Warmoth's administration (III, 153)
The Kellogg usurpation (III, 156)
The White League (III, 158)
The Wheeler adjustment (III, 160)
Curse of Carpet-baggery (III, 163)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 309
Political Parties and Leaders
H. C. Warmoth (III, 153 et seq.)
William P. Kellogg (III, 156 et seq.)
Liberal Republicans (III, 156)
Democratic party (III, 156 et seq.)
Campaign of 1876 (III, 160 et seq.)
F. T. Nicholls (III, 160)
List of governors (III. 480)
State Constitutions
Constitution of 1864 (III, 143)
Constitution of 1868 (III, 164)
Constitution of 1879 (III, 168)
Constitution of 1898 (III, 171)
ECONOMIC HISTORY
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
General Conditions
Early land laws (V, 54)
Colonized by French Canadians (II. 341; III, 81; X, 121)
French and Spanish rule (III, 88)
First antagonism to American control (III, 106)
Creole influence (III, 104; X, 121, 122)
Negroes (III. 103; V, 111)
Convict labor (V, 130)
German immigration (X, 142)
The Acadian settlements (III, 92)
Increase in population (III, 115)
American land titles (V, 56, 57)
Agriculture and Live Stock
Cotton cultivation (V, 198)
Introduction of rice (V, 170)
Rice ciops (V, 171)
Sugar cane planting (V, 184 et seq.)
Cereals (V, 221)
Live stock (V, 252)
Mining
Salt production (V, 296)
General survey (V, 275)
Manufactures
General survey (V, 331)
Transportation and Communication
Early trade (III, 94)
Profitable markets (V, 196)
Second in export trade (V, 395)
River navigation (III, 109)
First steamboats (III, 114)
See Mississippi River, in Index
Finances and Banking
Growth of banking (V, 469)
Note issues (V, 462)
310 LOUISIANA
Origin of financial system (V, 516)
State finances (V, 516-518)
State wealth (V, 630)
II. SINCE THE WAR
General Conditions
Farm lands (VI, 17, 25)
Richness of soil (III, 177)
Levee method of irrigation (III, 179)
Introduction of farm machinery (III, 118)
Land reclamation (VI, 556)
Levee districts (VI, 81)
Peculiarity of soil (III, 117)
Plantation system (III, 116)
Farmers' Union (VI, 581)
Sugar Planters' Association (VI, 84)
Agriculture and Live Stock
Cotton and sugar two leading crops (III, 116, 119)
.Reduction of sugar acreage due to rice culture (VI, 76)
Growth of rice industry (III, 178)
Rice industry (VI, 15, 19, 23, 74. 75)
Sugar area (VI, 19)
Cotton (VI, 87)
Cereals (VI, 112)
Deer in state (VI, 170)
Live stock (VI, 135)
Mining and Fisheries
Salt production (VI, 250)
Petroleum (VI, 191, 194)
Oil bearing areas (VI, 196)
Importance of fisheries (VI, 158)
Manufactures
Cottonseed oil (VI, 260)
Rice milling (III, 180)
Louisiana porcelain works (X, 710)
Statistics of industries (VI, 263, 303)
Transportation and Communication
Improved river navigation (VI, 649)
Steamboat traffic (III, 109, 114; V, 408; VI, 326 et seq.)
Railways (VI, 305 et seq.)
Expenditures on highways (VI, 324)
Telegraph and telephone lines (VI, 339 et seq.)
Finances and Banking
State debt in 1865 (V, 518)
Increase in state debt (III, 155, 164)
Public debt (VI, 497)
State finances (VI, 496-498)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 311
INTELLECTUAL LIFE
I. LITERATURE
Louisiana's Two Literatures
Two distinct elements (III, 180)
List of French writers (III, 180)
List of English writers (III, 181)
Contribution to the literature of the United States (VII,
314 et seq.)
Survey of French Literature
Galvez's poem " La Prise du Morne du Baton Rouge "
(VII, 315)
Julien Poydras (VII, 315)
The tragedy " Poucha Houmma," by Villeneufve (VII, 316)
Lussan's "Martyrs de la Louisiane " (VII, 316)
Canonge's dramas (VII, 316, 317)
Historical work of Charles Gayarre (VII, 317)
French poetry (VII, 317)
Stories of Alfred Mercier (VII, 318)
Literary societies (VII, 319)
List of French writers (III, 180)
Influence of French literature (X, 123)
Poets and Poetry English
James Ryder Randall (VII, 325)
Richard Henry Wilde (VII, 325; XII, 556)
Adrien Rouquette (VII, 325)
. John Augustin (VII, 325)
Eliza J. Nicholson (VII, 325)
Julia K. Wetherill Baker (VII, 325)
Mary E. M. Davis (VII, 323, 324)
Mary Ashley Townsend (VII, 324)
John Dickson Bruns (VII, 29; XI, 134)
Historians and Biographers
Francois Xavier Martin (VII, 321, 322)
Charles Gayarre (VII, 102, 322)
Grace King (VII, 322, 323)
William Preston Johnston (VII, 322)
Alfred Roman (VII, 322)
.Richard Taylor (VII, 323)
Pierce Butler (VII, 323)
Dramatists
T. Wharton Collens (VII, 323)
Charles Gayarre (VII, 323)
Espy Williams (VII, 323)
E. C. Wharton (VII, 323)
Novelists
George W. Cable (VII, 289, 322, 323; VIII, xlix, 259;
XI, 153)
Charles Gayarre (VII, 322)
Grace King (VII, 322, 323; VIII, 426; X, 636; XII, 40)
Lafcadio Hearn (VII, 323)
Ruth McEnery Stuart (VII, 323; XII, 429)
Mary E. M. Davis (VII, 323)
312 LOUISIANA
Charles Dimitry (VII, 323)
W. H. Holcombe (VII, 323)
Mrs. C. V. Jamison (VII, 323)
Editors and Periodicals
First newspapers published in French (VII, 420, 481)
"Le Telegraphe" (VII, 421)
First English paper (VII, 421)
Early editors (VII, 481)
Leading newspapers (VII, 426)
Noted editors and contributors (VII, 428)
Walt Whitman, editor of "The Crescent" (VII, 427, 428)
Lafcadio Hearn, and "The Democrat" (VII, 428)
"New Orleans Picayune" (VII, 428, 481)
Fontaine's " New Orleans Moniteur " (VII, 470, 471)
Other newspapers (VII, 476)
De Bow's "Review" (VII, 432, 455; XI, 272)
" Southern Quarterly Review " (VII, 452)
Prominent editors (VII, 428, 432, 481; XI, 36, 80, 174, 198,
234, 330)
Humorist
Thomas B. Thorpe (VII, 72, 80)
II. EDUCATION
Progress of Education
Education hindered by Reconstruction (III, 154)
Recent development (III, 175 et seq.)
New England teachers in state (VII, 310)
Public school system (III, 175)
State Educational Association (III, 176)
Colleges and Universities
Rise of colleges (X, 205)
State University (III, 154, 177; X, 220, 246)
Growth of colleges (X, 255)
Medical colleges (X, 305)
Tulane University (III, 177; VII, 157)
State Industrial Institutes (III, 177)
State Normal School (III, 177)
III. THE PROFESSIONS
Educators and Scientists
John J. Audubon (VII, 248, 286; XI, 28)
Alcee Fortier (VII, 325; XI, 363)
Henry Vignaud (VII, 325)
Richard H. Jesse (VII, 157)
Walter Miller (VII, 157)
Thomas D. Boyd (XI, 109)
Edwin B. Craighead (XI, 234)
John McDonogh (XII, 134)
Lawyers
Francois Xavier Martin (VII, 321)
Edward Livingston (VII, 329; XII, 105)
William Wirt Howe (VII, 335)
John A. Campbell (VII, 346)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 318
Judah P. Benjamin (VII, 346; XI, 68)
John Slidell (VII, 346; XII, 396)
Alfred Roman (III, 135; XII, 357)
Physicians and Surgeons
Early physicians (VII, 365)
S. E. Chaille (VII, 366)
Joseph Jones (VII, 366)
Rudolph Matas (VII, 366)
Edmond Souchon (VII, 366)
Samuel M. Bemiss (XI, 68)
Bennet Dowler (XI, 291)
William H. Holcombe (XI, 503)
Noted experts in yellow fever (VII, 367)
Clergymen
Benjamin M. Palmer (X, 521; XII, 251)
Leonidas Polk (XII, 302)
Architect
Henry H. Richardson (VII, 325)
Music and Musicians
Louis Moreau Gottschalk (VII, 323, 390; XI, 416)
Opera in New Orleans (VII, 386)
Sculptors and Painters
New Orleans sculptors (X, 686)
Ella A. Moss (X, 680)
SOCIAL LIFE
I. SOCIAL CONDITIONS
Manners and Customs
French and Spanish influence (X, 44)
Prestige of New Orleans in the South (X, 61)
Original territory (X, 107)
Early cessions (X, 132)
Aristocratic life of old Louisiana (III, 125)
Language of colony (III, 96)
The Negro Problem
Negro population (V, 111)
Spread of slavery (III, 103, 121)
Prosperity of slaves (IV, 225)
Racial Influences
Creoles (III, 104; X, 121, 122)
Spanish control (X, 136)
American control (X, 137)
Germans (X, 139)
Indians (X, 158)
Negroes (III, 103, 121; IV, 225)
French literature (III, 180; VII, 317 et seq.; X, 123)
Towns and Cities
Baton Rouge (II, 354; III, 94, 138; X, 229)
New Orleans founded (III, 89; IV, 425); for other refer-
ences see Index.
314 LOUISIANA
Social Uplift
Prohibition movement (III, 175)
Problem of child labor (X, 585)
II. RELIGION
Religious Influences
Territory first under Roman Catholic influence (X, 531)
Denominational Growth
The Methodist Church (X, 226)
The Presbyterian Church (X, 521)
The Roman Catholic Church (X, 250, 531, 537, 541)
III. PUBLIC SERVICE
Governors and Other Statesmen
Jean Baptiste Bienville (III, 87 et seq.)
William C. C. Claiborne (III, 105 et seq.)
Alexandre Mouton (III, 133)
Alfred Roman (III, 135; XII, 357)
Duncan F. Kenner (III, 135; IV, 541)
List of governors (III, 480)
Soldiers
Zachary Taylor (III, 131; XII, 439)
Richard Taylor (XII, 439)
P. G. T. Beauregard (III, 131, 135; XI, 62)
Braxton Bragg (III, 131, 135; XI, 112)
Leonidas Polk (III, 135; XII, 302)
Henry W. Allen (XI, 8)
John B. Hood (XI, 507)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Who discovered the mouth of the Mississippi River? (Ill, 81)
What was the first settlement upon Louisiana soil? (Ill, 81)
What was the result of the war between England and France ?
(Ill, 81)
What Spanish explorers also traversed this country? (Ill, 83)
Who was the first royal proprietor? (Ill, 88)
What was the John Law Company? (Ill, 89)
How did the Treaty of Paris, 1763, affect Louisiana? (Ill, 91)
What was the history of the Spanish occupation? (Ill, 91-97)
Why was Napoleon willing to sell Louisiana? (Ill, 98-9)
What was the Territory of Orleans? (Ill, 101)
Who was the first territorial governor? (Ill, 105)
When was the first constitution adopted? (Ill, 110)
When did the first steamboat appear on the Mississippi? (Ill,
114)
What was the plantation system? (Ill, 116-8)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 315
What are the two most important crops? (Ill, 119)
How did the War of 1812 affect Louisiana? (Ill, 126-131)
What was the state's share in the Mexican War? (Ill, 131)
Was the state strongly for secession? (Ill, 132-4)
What were the chief events of the War of Secession in this
state? (Ill, 135-40)
What was the Kellogg Usurpation? (Ill, 156-161)
In what year may modern Louisiana be said to have been
born? (Ill, 163)
What great moral evil long afflicted the state? (Ill, 172-5)
What are the chief industries today? (Ill, 177-80)
What literature and language has flourished side by side with
the English? (111,180)
What great men has the state produced? (Ill, 181)
What famous composer came from this state? (VII, 386)
What famous naturalist? (VII, 248)
What philanthropist aided public education? (XII, 134)
What noted writers are Louisianians ? (VII)
Name five generals from Louisiana (XI, XII)
What was the state's early influence upon music? (VIII, 386)
What are the three leading crops today? (Ill, 116, 119, 178)
Outline the financial history of this state (V, 516; VI, 496)
What great natural product is assuming importance? (VI,
191, 194)
What is the progress and importance of fisheries? (VI, 158)
What manufactures flourish in Louisiana? (VI, 260, 263,
303)
MARYLAND
Maryland, one of the original thirteen colonies, is an At-
lantic Coast state. It is bounded on the north by Penn-
sylvania and Delaware, on the east by Delaware and the
ocean, and on the south and west by Virginia and West
Virginia. It is the most northerly of the Southern States.
Its outline is very irregular. The Chesapeake Bay divides
it in half, and the land surface varies from a low coastal
plain to rolling and mountainous country. The area is 12,-
327 square miles, of which 2,386 square miles is water.
Maryland has a variety of soils suitable for grains, fruits,
and vegetables. Corn, wheat, hay, potatoes and tobacco are
among the most important products. The most valuable
minerals are coal and iron. In 1910 Maryland ranked fifth
among the states in fisheries. The 1910 census gave the
state a population of 1,295,346, of whom 1,062,645 were
white.
GENERAL HISTORY
I. PROVINCIAL PERIOD (1608-1776)
Geography of Maryland
Location (I, 149)
Topography (I, 149)
Tidewater counties (I, 150)
Original area (I, 150)
Early Grants and Settlements
Lord Baltimore's grant (I, 150)
Smith's explorations (I, 151)
William Claiborne's activities (I, 152)
Virginia's interest (I, 152)
The proprietary's first expedition (I, 152-153)
Religious toleration (I, 153)
Settlement of province (I, 155)
Proprietary Government
General assembly convened (I, 156)
Leonard Calvert (I, 156 et seq.)
Giles Brent (I, 158)
William Stone (I, 159)
Other public affairs (I, 160-161)
Early Religious Influence
A Roman Catholic but tolerant government (I, 153)
George Fox and the Quakers (I, 161)
The Puritans (I, 161)
Reflection of English "Popish plot" (I, 164)
316
READING AND STUDY COURSES 317
Relations with Penn (I, 164-165)
Annapolis and the Church establishment (I, 166-168)
Protestant activities (I, 168)
Maryland a Royal Province
The royal governors (I, 166 et seq.)
Annapolis the capital (I, 166)
Repressive laws (I, .168)
The proprietors during the royal period (I, 168-169)
Restoration of the Proprietors
The later Calverts (I, 168 et seq.)
First free school (I, 170)
First newspaper (I, 171)
Baltimore founded (I, 171)
German settlers (I, 171)
The Mason and Dixon's line (I, 172)
Pre-Revolutionary Events
Repudiation of the Stamp Act (I, 173)
Eden's administration (I, 173 et seq.)
General congress (I, 174)
Steps toward independence (I, 175)
II. REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD (1776-1783)
Revolutionary Movement
Peculiar local conditions (I, 178)
Powers of the Proprietary (I, 178)
Cordial relations with England (I, 180)
Independence Declared
The Maryland Declaration (I, 181)
Delegates to Congress (I, 181)
State constitution (I, 181)
Share in the Revolution
Cession of lands (I, 183-184)
Battle of Long Island (I, 184)
Marylanders in other battles (I, 185)
Condition at close of War (I, 186)
Rumsey's steamboat (I, 188)
III. FEDERAL PERIOD (1783-1861)
Share in Formation of Constitution
Attitude toward Constitution (I, 189)
Cession of District of Columbia (I, 189-190)
The War of 1812
Causes of War (I, 190)
Important part played by Maryland (I, 191)
Affairs around Baltimore (I, 191 et seq.)
"The Star-Spangled Banner" (I, 194)
Growth of Industries
Baltimore's importance (I, 195)
Canals and railways (I, 195)
Slavery (I, 196)
318 MARYLAND
Political Questions
Early interest in politics (I, 197)
Federalists and Democrats (I, 198)
State Convention of 1837 (I, 198)
George Peabody's services (I, 199)
Slavery a political issue (I, 199-202)
John Brown's raid (I, 202)
IV. WAR PERIOD (1861-1865)
Outbreak of Hostilities
Maryland's strategical position (I, 202)
Baltimore riot (I, 203)
Federal occupation (I, 204)
Marylanders in Southern army (I, 205)
Affairs During War
Battle of South Mountain (I, 206)
Battle of Antietam (I, 206)
Political conditions (I, 206)
Constitution of 1864 (I, 207)
V. MODERN PERIOD (1865-1910)
Conditions at Close of War
A conquered province (I, 208)
Constitution of 1867 (I, 209, 215)
Political struggles (I, 210 et seq.)
Recent Events
Flood of 1868 (I, 217)
Baltimore fire of 1873 (I, 218)
Strike of 1877 (I, 219)
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad failure (I, 220)
First electric railway (I, 221)
Spanish-American War (I, 223)
Public buildings at Annapolis (I, 224)
Baltimore fire of 1904 (I, 225)
Industrial Growth
Oyster culture (I, 226, 227)
Mining (I, 227)
Agriculture (I, 227)
Manufactures (I, 227)
Transportation (I, 227)
Progress in Education
State system of education (I, 228)
Colleges (I, 229)
Education of negroes (I, 229)
Johns Hopkins University (I, 230-231)
Professional education (I, 232)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 319
POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
Colonial Relations
Maryland the first step in the dismemberment of Virginia
(IV, 5; I, 29)
Controversy with Virginia (IV, 9, 108, 136)
Annapolis convention (IV, 110)
Boundary dispute with Pennsylvania (I, 172)
Claim upon Delaware (I, 163)
Proprietary Government
Lord Baltimore's grant (I, 150)
Leonard Calvert the first governor (I, 154)
First popular assembly (I, 156)
Other governors (I, 158 et seq.)
A Crown Colony
Seizure of proprietary government (I, 160)
Nominal rule of the proprietors (I, 169)
The Later Proprietors
Contest between Protestant and Catholic parties (I, 168)
Charles Calvert (I, 170)
Benedict Leonard Calvert (I, 171)
Early State Questions
The Maryland Declaration (I, 181)
First State Constitution (I, 181)
Slavery (I, 196, 199)
Political parties (I, 197)
Constitution of 1837 (I, 198)
Attitude toward secession (I, 202)
II. SINCE THE WAR
Interstate Relations
Virginia boundaries settled (I, 163; IV, 140)
Cession of public lands (I, 183-184)
Political Parties and Leaders
Federalist Party (I, 198)
Republican party (I, 209, 213, 216 et seq.)
Conservative Union Party (I, 209, 213)
Election of 1864 (I, 211)
Reverdy Johnson (I, 214)
William P. Whyte (I, 215, 217)
Democratic Party (I. 198, 217 et seq.)
Arthur P. Gorman (I, 217)
Baltimore Reform League (I, 219)
William T. Hamilton (I, 219)
Robert M. McLane (I, 220)
J. V. L. Findlay (I, 220)
Isidor Rayner (I, 220, 226)
Henry Stockbridge (I, 220)
Elihu E. Jackson (I, 221)
Frank Brown (I, 222)
James A. Gary (I, 223)
330 MARYLAND
Louis E. McComas (I, 223)
John Walter Smith (I, 223)
Edwin Warfield (I, 224)
Suffrage amendment (I, 225)
Charles J. Bonaparte (I, 226)
List of governors (III, 473)
Later Constitutions
Constitution of 1864 (I, 207)
Constitution of 1867 (I, 09, 215)
ECONOMIC HISTORY
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
General Conditions
Original land system (V, 47)
Labor conditions (V, 87, 94)
Negro population (V, 111)
Emancipation (V, 150)
German settlers (I, 172; X, 141)
First settlers (I, 155; V, 14)
Geography (I, 149)
Growth of population (V, 15)
Penal servitude (V, 130)
Servitude conditions (V, 101)
Slavery (I, 196; X, 99)
Agriculture and Live Stock
Tobacco culture (V, 167)
Cereals (V, 220)
Grapes (V, 240)
Sheep industry (V, 249)
Live stock (V, 252)
Early agricultural products (I, 168)
Hemp and flax (V, 230 et seq.)
Agricultural agencies (V. 554)
Fisheries
Oyster industry (V, 273)
Mining
Coal mining (V, 290)
Copper (V, 281, 282)
Gold (V, 278)
Iron (V, 284, 305)
Mining agencies (V, 554)
Manufactures
Cotton factories (V, 328)
First printing press (I, 171)
Iron industry (V, 284, 305)
Baltimore as a manufacturing center (I, 195)
Transportation and Communication
First railroad charter in the United States (V, 521)
First railroads (I, 195)
Ports (V, 412)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 321
Road building (V, 343, 344, 350)
Early water facilities (I, 167)
Rumsey's steamboat (I, 188)
First canal (I, 195)
Chesapeake Bay's advantages (I, 195)
Finance and Banking
Banking (V, 462)
Wealth (V, 630)
Burden of debt relieved by Peabody (I, 199)
Colonial revenues (V, 519)
Finances (V, 518-523)
Taxation (V, 520)
II. SINCE THE WAR
General Conditions
Baltimore fires (I, 218, 225)
Farm lands (VI, 17, 25)
Water power (VI, 561)
Strike of 1877 (I, 219)
Agriculture and Live Stock
Trucking (I, 227)
Tobacco (I, 227; VI, 67)
Cereals (VI, 112)
Live stock (VI, 135)
Fisheries
Importance of fisheries (I, 227)
Products (VI, 159)
Progress in mining and quarrying (I, 226, 227)
Iron (VI, 273)
Coal (VI, 176)
Manufactures
Baltimore a manufacturing center (I, 227)
Development of manufactures (VI, 261)
Iron industry (VI, 273)
Gross manufactures (VI, 263)
Transportation and Communication
Railway construction (I, 218)
Baltimore and Ohio failure (I, 220)
First electric railway in United States (I, 221)
Canal damaged by flood (I, 221)
Steamship lines (I, 227)
Railway lines (I, 227-228)
Turnpikes (I, 228)
Foreign trade (VI, 353)
Finance and Banking
Defalcation of treasurer (I, 221)
Wealth (VI, 392, 619)
Banking (VI, 429)
Finances (VI, 498-501)
Funded debt (VI, 499)
21
322 MARYLAND
INTELLECTUAL LIFE
I. LITERATURE
Poets and Poetry
George Alsop's " Character of the Province of Maryland "
(VII, 2)
Charles Henry Wharton (VII, 4)
"The Sot-weed Factor," by Eben Cook (VII, 2)
"Sot-weed Factor .Redivivus" (VII, 2)
John Shaw (VII, 11)
Edward Coate Pinkney (VII, 11, 14; XII, 289)
Francis Scott Key and the " Star-Spangled Banner " (I,
194; VII, 19, 396; XII, 39)
James R. Randall and "Maryland, My Maryland" (VII, 19,
25, 30, 396; X, 538; XII, 324)
Margaret J. Preston (VII, 21, 27; XII, 313)
John B. Tabb (VII, 51; XII, 431)
Prose Writers
John Pendleton Kennedy (VIII, xxiii, xxxiv, xxxvi, 102, 115,
123; XII, 33)
Guy Carleton Lee (XII, 74)
F. Hopkinson Smith (VII, 291; XII, 401)
Editors and Periodicals
" Maryland Gazette," the first Southern newspaper (I, 171;
VII, 410, 470)
John Parks (VII, 410)
Jonas Green (VII, 410)
" Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser " (VII, 411)
William Goddard (VII, 411)
"Maryland Gazette and Advertiser" (VII, 412)
Frederick newspapers (VII, 412)
Baltimore newspapers (VII, 412)
'Annapolis Gazette" (VII, 426)
'Annapolis Republican" (VII, 426)
' Baltimore American " (VII, 426)
James R. Randall (VII, 430)
' Baltimore Manufacturers' Record " (VII, 435)
'Southern Society" (VII, 461)
'New Eclectic" (VII, 461)
' Southern Magazine " (VII, 462)
Arunah Abell (VII, 476)
Richard H. Edmonds (XI, 312)
Historical Work
Steiner, James and Randall (VII, 91)
William Hand Browne (VII, 91, 99)
Brackett (VII, 111)
H. B. Adams (VII, 112)
II. EDUCATION
Progress of Education
Free school system established (I, 170)
Early interest in education (X, 186)
Education since the War (I, 228-234)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 323
Education of negroes (I, 229)
Maryland School for the Blind (I, 230)
Denominational schools (I, 230)
Professional education (I, 232)
Pratt Library (I, 232, 233)
Colleges and Universities
Rise of colleges (X, 199)
Woman's College (I, 233)
University expansion (X, 255)
University of Maryland (I, 232; X, 199)
Medical colleges (X, 305)
Theological seminaries (X, 312)
Johns Hopkins University (I, 230; VI, 547; VII. 132, 520'
X, 253)
III. THE PROFESSIONS
Educators and Scientists
James M. Garnett (VII, 121)
James W. Bright (VII, 132)
Basil L. Gildersleeve (VII, 140)
Edward H. Courtenay (VII, 204)
J. J. Sylvester (VII, 215)
Daniel C. Oilman (I, 230; VII, 215)
M. A. Newell (I, 229)
M. Bates Stephens (I, 229)
Lawyers
Samuel Chase (I, 175; IX, 109; XI, 189)
Henry D. Harlan (XI, 444)
Charles E. Phelps (I, 212-213)
Luther Martin (I, 189; IV, 130; IX, 110, 189)
William Pinkney (IX, 226; XII, 290)
William Wirt (IX, 386; XII, 567)
R. J. Bowie (I, 216)
R. H. Alvey (I, 216)
J. M. Robinson (I, 216)
James McSherry (I, 216)
A. Hunter Boyd (I, 216)
Louis E. McComas (I, 223)
John P. Poe (I, 225)
Reverdy Johnson (I, 212; XII, 1)
. William Paca (I, 175; IX, 25; XII, 246)
Roger B. Taney (I, 205; XII, 432)
Physicians
John Archer (XI, 19)
William Gibson (XI, 401)
William A. Hammond (XI, 438)
Richard Brooke (I, 173)
Clergymen
James, Cardinal Gibbons (X, 538; XI, 398)
Benjamin H. Carroll (IX, 152; XI, 180)
John Emory (XI, 322)
John B. Tabb (XII, 431)
Painters and Sculptors
Charles W. Peale (XII, 255)
324 MARYLAND
Ephraim Keyser (X, 686; XII, 39)
William H. Rinehart (X, 680, 686; XII, 348)
H. Bolton Jones (X, 680)
John R. Key (X, 680)
Frank B. Mayer (X, 680)
Alfred J. Miller (X, 680)
F. Hopkinson Smith (X, 680; XII, 411)
A. Wordsworth Thompson (X, 680)
Inventor
James Rumsey (I, 188)
SOCIAL LIFE
I. SOCIAL CONDITIONS
Racial Influences
English settlers (V, 14)
Colonial life (X, 99)
German settlers (I, 172; X, 141)
Indians (X, 158)
Negroes (V, 111)
The Negro Problem
Negro population (V, 111)
Rise of slavery (I, 196)
Slavery a political issue (I, 199)
Modification of slave system (X, 99)
Emancipation (V, 150)
Social Uplift
Child labor question (X, 585)
The Young Men's Christian Association (I, 225)
Towns and Cities
First settlements (I, 155)
Annapolis (I, 166, 224)
Baltimore (I, 171; and see Index)
Frederick (I, 204; VII, 412)
II. RELIGION
Religious Influences
Maryland a Catholic colony (I, 155; X, 537)
Act of toleration (X, 448)
Religious breadth (I, 153)
Religious growth (I, 234)
An asylum for Puritans and Quakers (X, 528)
Dissenters (X, 467)
Strict doctrinal laws (X, 448)
Pilgrims and Catholicity (X, 540)
Protestant and Catholic jealousy (X, 186)
Tolerance to sects (X, 99)
Church establishment (I, 166)
Denominational Growth
Catholic missions (X, 541)
Catholic influence (X, 46, 318, 537)
Theological seminaries (X, 312)
READING &ND STUDY COURSES 325
Denominational schools (I, 230)
Methodist Episcopal college (I, 233)
Leading denominations (I, 234-235)
III. PUBLIC SERVICE
Governors ,___ jrtn ^
See list with dates of administration (111, 473)
Augustus W. Bradford (I, 211)
Thomas Swann (I, 211)
John Lee Carroll (I, 218)
William T. Hamilton (I, 219)
Robert M. McLane (I, 220)
Frank Brown (I, 222)
John Walter Smith (I, 223)
Other Statesmen
Charles J. Bonaparte (I, 226)
James A. Gary (I, 223)
William P. Whyte (I, 215, 217)
Lewis H. Steiner (I, 217)
Isidor Rayner (I, 220, 226)
Charles Carroll of Carrollton (I, 174; IX, 25; XI, 180)
Arthur P. Gorman (I, 217; XI, 415)
Reverdy Johnson (I, 212; XII, 1)
William Paca (I, 175; IX, 25; XII, 246)
Matthew Tilghman (I, 175; IX, 25)
Thomas Stone (IX, 25)
Samuel Chase (I, 175; IX, 25, 109; XI, 189)
J. A. J. Creswell (I, 212)
Henry W. Davis (I, 212)
Philip F. Thomas (I, 214)
See also Lord Baltimore and Calvert
Soldiers
John Eager Howard (I, 185)
Mordecai Gist (I, 184)
William Smallwood (I, 182)
Otho H. Williams (I, 182)
James Wilkinson (I, 182)
General Winder (I, 192)
Charles E. Phelps (I, 212)
H. G. Otis (I, 223)
Naval Officer
Winfield S. Schley (I, 223; XII, 371)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
For whom was the province of Maryland named? (I, 150)
Who first explored Chesapeake Bay? (I, 151)
When was the first organized settlement made? (I, 155)
Who fomented trouble between Maryland and Virginia, and
why? (I, 152-6}
326 MARYLAND
What other nations attempted to make settlements on
Maryland soil? (I, 162)
What relations did the colony bear to William Penn's? (I,
164-5)
What was the first important town? (I, 167)
When was the first printing press set up? (I, 171)
When was the first General Congress convened? (I, 174)
In what way was the colonial government of Maryland
peculiar? (I, 178)
What difficulties arose in the way of land grants? (I, 182-4)
Who invented a steamboat for Maryland waters? (I, 188)
What part did Maryland play in the War of 1812 ? (I, 190-4)
Under what circumstances was " The Star-Spangled Ban-
ner" written? (I, 194)
What was the true purpose behind the raid of John Brown?
(I, 202)
What was the Baltimore riot? (I, 203)
What attitude did the U. S. Government take toward the
state? (I, 204-5)
Did Maryland suffer as much as other states during the War?
(I, 211)
In what year was the disastrous fire in Baltimore? (I, 225)
What were the Johns Hopkins benefactions? (I, 230-1)
What was the nature of the Annapolis Convention? (IV,
110)
How was the land originally granted? (V, 47)
When was the first tobacco grown? (V, 165)
What important natural product has added largely to the
wealth of the state? (V, 273 ; VI, 158)
What three writers of patriotic songs came from Maryland ?
(VII, 19, 51)
What admiral came from Maryland? (XII, 371)
What was the first Southern newspaper, and where and
when established? (VII, 410)
What dignitary of the Catholic Church, and how long has
he served? (XI, 398)
MISSISSIPPI
Mississippi is the twentieth state of the Union, and is
one of the Gulf States ; being bounded on the north by Ten-
nessee, on the east by Alabama, on the south by the Gulf
of Mexico and Louisiana, and on the west by Louisiana and
Arkansas. Length, north to south, 332 miles; greatest
breadth, 142 miles ; area 46,865 square miles, of which 503
square miles is water. The state is divided into two sec-
tions by a low, broad ridge. To the east of this ridge are
fertile plains ; to the west the land descends to the swamps
bordering the Mississippi River. The state ranks third in
the production of cotton, and also raises large crops of corn.
The lumber industry is important. The population in 1910
was 1,797,114, of whom 786,119 were white.
GENERAL HISTORY
I. FORMATIVE PERIOD (1540-1798)
Original Country
Geography (II, 332)
Soil and climate (II, 333, 834)
Indian tribes (II, 335)
Exploration and Settlement
The first Spanish explorers (II, 336)
Hernando de Soto (II, 337)
Discovery of the Mississippi River (II, 339)
The French on the Mississippi (II, 340)
First settlements (II, 342)
John Law's Company (II, 342)
Early French Control
French dealings with the Indians (II, 344)
Bienville's expeditions (II, 345)
James Adair and the English traders (II, 345)
France cedes Louisiana to Spain, and the eastern territory
to England (II, 346)
British West Florida
Spanish name of Florida restored to all the Mississippi
country (II, 347)
Boundary lines (II, 347)
George Johnstone, English governor (II, 347)
Land grants (II, 348)
Early settlements (II, 349)
Effect of American Revolution (II, 351)
Reversion to Spanish Control
Bernardo Galvez and his conquests (II, 352)
327
328 MISSISSIPPI
Cession to Spain (II, 353)
Internal conditions (II, 354)
Boundary question (II, 355)
American invasion (II, 358)
II. TERRITORIAL PERIOD (1798-181?)
Mississippi Territory Created
Causes and conditions (II, 558, 359)
Bounds of new territory (II, 359, 360)
Winthrop Sargent, first governor (II, 360)
Georgia's claims (II, 360)
Indian treaties (II, 361)
Territorial Progress
Governor Claiborne (II, 362)
Digest of laws (II, 363)
Influence of Louisiana Purchase (II, 363)
Spanish possessions and Aaron Burr (II, 364)
The War of 1812 (II, 365)
Industrial progress (II, 367)
First steamboat (II, 367)
Religious and social conditions (II, 368)
III. FEDERAL PERIOD (181T-1861)
Steps to Statehood
Constitutional Convention of 1817 (II, 370)
Enabling act (II, 372)
Officers (II, 373)
Washington proposed as State name, in lieu of Mississippi
(II, 374)
State capital (II, 374)
Admission into Union (II, 375)
Pioneer Statehood
Holmes's administration (II, 376)
Growth in population (II, 376)
First female academy (II, 377)
Poindexter's administration (II, 377)
Choctaw treaty (II, 378)
Early banking system (II, 380)
Leake's administration (II, 381)
Brandon's administration (II, 381)
Holmes's second administration (II, 381)
Growth and Progress
Constitutional convention of 1832 (II, 383)
Treaty of Pontotoc (II, 387)
Healthy financial condition (II, 387)
First railway (II, 388)
Flush times (II, 388)
Resulting distress (II, 388, 389)
Increase in population (II, 389)
Return of prosperity (II, 389)
Education (II, 390)
War with Mexico (II, 390)
Interest in national politics (II, 391)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 339
Economic conditions prior to war (II, 392 et seq.)
Social conditions (II, 396)
Educational conditions (II, 397)
Politics and party leaders (II, 398 et seq.)
IV. WAR PERIOD (1861-1865)
Secession
Events leading to secession (II, 407)
Ordinance of secession (II, 408)
Jefferson Davis made president of the Confederacy (II,
410, 411)
Preparations for conflict (II, 411)
Military Operations
Beginning of hostilities (II, 412)
Campaigns against Vicksburg (II, 413 et seq.)
Other operations in the state (II, 419 et seq.)
Mississippi troops in other states (II, 422)
Government during the war period (II, 423)
V. RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD (1865-1876)
Reorganization of State Government
Attempt to resume civil duties (II, 425, 426)
Commission to Washington (II, 427)
Constitutional convention of 1865 (II, 428)
Reconstruction by Congress
Refusal to recognize state government (II, 431)
Mississippi made a military district (II, 431)
Military government (II, 433)
Political Revolution
Perils of negro suffrage (II, 433 et seq.)
Financial difficulties (II, 438)
Election of 1873 (II, 439)
Burden of taxation (II, 440)
Election of 1875 (II, 442)
VI. MODERN PERIOD (1876-1910)
Restoration of Home Rule
Economy in finance (II, 443, 444)
Readjustment of race relations (II, 445)
Constitution of 1890 (II, 445 et seq.)
Recent Progress
Economic loss caused by war (II, 452)
Social life (II, 453)
Negro education (II, 453)
Higher education (II, 454)
Common school appropriations (II, 456)
Public Affairs and Party Leaders
Review of events since the war (II, 456 et sq.)
James L. Alcorn (II, 457)
L. Q. C. Lamar (II, 457)
Reform movement (II, 458)
Party contests (II, 459)
330 MISSISSIPPI
J. Z. George (II, 460)
E. C. Walthall (II, 460)
John Sharp Williams (II, 461)
James K. Vardaman (II, 461)
POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
Colonial and Territorial Relations
Spanish exploration (II, 336)
French colonization (II, 340)
British West Florida (II, 347)
West Florida under Spain (II, 353)
Early boundary disputes (II, 355)
Territory created (II, 359)
Influence of Louisiana Purchase (II, 363)
Spanish possessions and Aaron Burr (II, 364)
Interstate Questions
The Tennessee boundary (IV, 147)
The Mississippi River (IV, 152)
The Arkansas boundary (IV, 153)
The Louisiana boundary (IV, 154)
Private suits on boundaries (IV, 156)
Alabama line surveyed (II, 378)
Admission of Missouri (II, 378)
War with Mexico (II, 390)
Early State Politics
Constitution of 1817, and organization of government (II,
370)
State laws codified (II, 380)
Leake's administration (II, 381)
Governors Brandon and Holmes (II, 381)
Constitution of 1832 (II, 383)
The tariff and nullification (II, 388)
Slavery and Secession
Admission of Missouri as a slave state (II, 378)
Rise of slavery as a political issue (II, 392)
The planters (II, 395)
The Wilmot Proviso (II, 401)
Compromise of 1850 (II, 402)
Causes of secession (II, 403 et seq.)
Political Parties and Leaders
David Holmes (II, 399)
George Poindexter (II, 399)
Walter Leake (il, 399)
Democratic Party (II, 399 et seq.)
Other political leaders (II, 399)
Whig Party (II, 399 et seq.)
State sovereignty (II, 400)
The Wilmot Proviso (II, 401)
John A. Quitman (II, 401)
Union Party (II, 402)
Jefferson Davis (II, 403)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 331
II. SINCE THE WAR
Reconstruction Measures
Government during the war period (II, 423)
Reorganization of the government (II, 425)
Johnson's plan (II, 427)
Clash with Congress (II, 431)
Military control of state (II, 433)
Carpet-bag control (II, 436)
Burden of taxation (II, 440)
Restoration of home rule (II, 442)
State Constitutions
Constitution of 1861 (II, 428)
Constitution of 1865 (II, 429)
Convention of 1868 (II, 431)
Constitution of 1890 (II, 446)
Political Parties and Leaders
Benjamin G. Humphreys (II, 429)
Republican Party (II, 435 et seq.)
James L. Alcorn (II, 436)
John M. Stone (II, 443)
Democratic Party (II, 441 et seq.)
L. Q. C. Lamar (II, 457)
Other parties (II, 459)
J. Z. George (II, 460)
E. C. Walthall (II, 460)
John Sharp Williams (II, 461)
James K. Vardaman (II, 461)
ECONOMIC HISTORY
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
General Conditions
Early land laws (V, 59, 62)
Negro population (V, 111)
Geography (II, 332)
Indians (II, -335, 344)
Spanish explorers (II, 336)
French control (II, 340)
British control (II, 347)
New land policy (II, 348)
Early slavery (II, 351)
Spanish control (II, 353)
Early land grants (II, 361)
Indian lands ceded (II, 387)
Levee system begun (II, 391)
Social life of the plantation (II, 396-397)
Agriculture and Live Stock
Rice crops (V, 170)
Cereals (V, 221)
Live stock (V, 275)
Agriculture the great industry (II, 395)
Cotton (II, 395)
Agricultural surveys (V, 560)
332 MISSISSIPPI
Mining
Geological surveys (V, 560)
Survey by Hilgard (VII, 256)
Manufactures
Statistics of manufactures (V, 331)
Transportation and Communication
The Mississippi River (II, 333-334; also see Index}
Federal Road (II, 361; V, 345)
First steamboats (II, 367)
Highways (II, 377)
First railroad (II, 388)
Railroad stock (II, 391)
Finances and Banking
Banking (V, 468)
Finances (V, 523-525)
Wealth (V, 630)
State bank experiment (II, 380)
State finances in 1830 (II, 382)
Early prosperity (II, 387)
Sale of bonds (II, 387)
Flush times (II, 388)
Financial crisis (II, 389)
Repudiation of bonds (II, 389)
II. SINCE THE WAR
General Conditions
Farm lands (VI, 17, 25)
Levee system (VI, 555)
Drainage of swamp lands (VI, 555)
Conditions at close of War (II, 451)
Industrial growth (II, 455)
The negro problem (II, 496)
Agriculture and Live Stock
Cotton (VI, 87)
Cereals (VI, 112)
Live stock (VI, 135)
Schoolboy clubs for agricultural work (X, 377)
Mining and Fisheries
Development of mining (VI, 175)
Fisheries (VI, 158)
Manufactures
Progress in manufactures (VI, 253)
Water power (VI, 561)
Transportation and Communication
See Mississippi Riyer, Railways, etc.
Transportation facilities (VI, 305 et seq.)
Finances and Banking
Wealth (VI, 392, 619)
Burden of taxation during Reconstruction (II, 440)
War bonds (V, 528)
Increase of state debt (II, 438)
Loss to state by War (II, 452)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 333
Recent state budget (II, 456)
.Repudiation (V, 525)
Revenue law (VI, 503)
Special taxation (VI, 501)
Financial condition (VI, 501-504)
INTELLECTUAL LIFE
I. LITERATURE
Poets and Poetry
Irwin Russell (VII, 39)
Prose Writers and Works
Ellicott's "Journal" (II, 357)
Baldwin's " Flush Times in Alabama and Mississippi " (VII,
472)
Prentiss I. Ingraham (XI, 535)
Claiborne (VII, 102)
Lowry (VII, 102)
Jefferson Davis (VII, 109)
Garner (VII, 110)
A. H. Stone (VII, 110, 113)
Dabney (VII, 111)
Editors and Periodicals
"The Mississippi Gazette" (VII, 419)
"The Intelligencer" (VII, 419)
"The Mississippi Herald" (VII, 420)
Early Natchez papers and editors (VII, 420)
Andrew Marschalk (VII, 470)
Ethelbert Barksdale and "The Mississippian " (VII, 475,
481)
II. EDUCATION
Progress of Education
Early education (II, 377)
Education before the War (II, 390, 397; X, 205)
Education after the War (II, 454)
Technical education (X, 355)
Public schools in 1860 (II, 398)
Public school system (V, 527)
Colleges and Universities
Rise of colleges (X, 205)
Colleges and universities (X, 255)
Medical colleges (X, 305)
University of Mississippi (II, 390, 398; VII, 309)
Mississippi College (VII, 310)
Mississippi Industrial School and College (X, 642)
Elizabeth Female Academy, first of its kind in the United
States (II, 377)
Jefferson College (II, 377)
334 MISSISSIPPI
III. THE PROFESSIONS
Educators and Scientists
Richard H. Jesse (VII, 157)
E. N. Elliott (VII, 185)
Albert T. Bledsoe (VII, 205)
Frederick A. P. Barnard (VII, 207)
Charles Baskerville (VII, 228)
W. F. Hand (VII, 229)
H. H. Harrington (VII, 229)
E. W. Hilgard (VII, 256)
Lawyers
William L. Sharkey (II, 400)
Cotesworth P. Smith (II, 400)
William Yerger (II, 400)
Edward Turner (II, 400)
John I. Guion (II, 400)
S. S. Calhoon (II, 447)
James Z. George (II, 448)
Wiley P. Harris (II, 448)
J. B. Chrisman (II, 448)
H. F. Simrall (II, 448)
Samuel Powell (II, 448)
Clergymen
Lorenzo Dow (II, 373)
SOCIAL LIFE
I. SOCIAL CONDITIONS
Racial Influences
Spanish exploration and control (X, 128, 136)
French and Spanish influence (II, 355)
Germans (X, 139)
Indians (II, 378; X, 158)
Negroes (V, 111)
The Black Belt (II, 333)
Manners and Customs
Conditions of life in early days (II, 383)
Early social life (II, 368)
First settlements (II, 342)
Labor conditions (II, 393)
Plantation life (II, 395)
Social Uplift
Prohibition movement (II, 445)
Schoolboy clubs organized (X, 377)
Child labor problem (X, 585)
Towns and Cities
First settlements (II, 342)
Natchez (II, 389)
Vicksburg (II, 389)
Columbus (II, 389)
Other towns (II, 389)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 335
II. RELIGION
Religious Influences
Early religious movements (II, 368)
Denominational Growth
Roman Catholic Church (X, 537)
Congregational Church (II, 368)
Methodist Church (II, 368)
Baptist Church (II, 368)
III. PUBLIC SERVICE
Governors
List of governors (III, 478, 479)
Winthrop Sargent (II, 360)
William C. C. Claiborne (II, 362; XI, 197)
David Holmes (II, 374, 381)
George Poindexter (II, 377)
Walter Leake (II, 381)
Gerard C. Brandon (II, 381)
John Anthony Quitman (II, 391)
Charles Clark (II, 423)
Benjamin G. Humphreys (II, 429)
"Robert Lowry (II, 445)
J. K. Vardaman (II, 461)
Other Statesmen
Seargent S. Prentiss (II, 400)
Jefferson Davis (II, 400; and see Index)
Albert G. Brown (II, 400)
Henry S. Foote (II, 400)
John J. McRae (II, 400)
Jacob Thompson (II, 400)
L. Q. C. Lamar (II, 408 et seq.)
James Z. George (II, 460)
E. C. Walthall (II, 460)
J. M. Stone (II, 460)
John Sharp Williams (II, 461)
H. D. Money (II, 461)
A. J. McLaurin (II, 461)
Soldiers
John A. Quitman (II, 391)
Earl Van Dorn (II, 410)
Charles Clark (II. 410)
James L. Alcorn (II, 410)
C. H. Mott (II, 410)
Richard Griffith (II, 422)
Carnot Posey (II, 422)
William Barksdale (II, 422)
E. C. Walthall (II, 422)
Other officers (II, 422-423)
Naval Officers
Isaac N. Brown (II, 414, 422)
336 MISSISSIPPI
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Who was the first white man to traverse Mississippi? (II,
337)
What were the first settlements (II, 341-2)
What was the Natchez War? (II, 344-5)
How did the Revolutionary War affect this colony? (II,
351)
Why did Western Florida revert to Spain? (II, 352-3)
When did the Spanish finally evacuate Mississippi? (II,
358)
How did the Louisiana Purchase affect Mississippi? (II,
363)
What was Mississippi's share in the War of 1812? (II,
365-6)
In what year was the state organized? (II, 369)
What was Mississippi's experience with a State Bank?
(II, 380)
What was the Treaty of Pontotoc? (II, 387)
What were the chief towns prior to I860? (II, 389)
What were the conditions of plantation life? (II, 395-6)
How came " The Bonnie Blue Flag " to be written ? (II, 409)
What were the first blows struck by Mississippi in the War
of Secession? (II, 412-3)
What vessel single-handed attacked Farragut's whole squad-
ron at Vicksburg? (II, 414)
What governor was forcibly removed from office by United
States troops? (II, 432)
What was the effect of the Reconstruction Act? (II, 434-42)
What is the state's condition and wealth today? (II, 455-6,
VI, 501-504)
What are its leading products? (VI, 87, 112)
Give an outline of the career of Jefferson Davis (XI, 260)
When were the first newspapers established? (VII, 419)
What has been the progress of higher education? (X, 205,
221, 255, 305, 355)
MISSOURI
Missouri was the twenty-fourth state admitted to the
Union, and the eighteenth in point of size. It is at the ex-
treme northwest of the Southern States, being bounded on
the north by Iowa, on the east by Illinois and Kentucky,
on the south by Arkansas, and on the west by Nebraska
and Kansas. The Mississippi River forms its entire eastern
boundary, and the Missouri a large portion of the western
boundary before crossing the state. The total area is 69,420
square miles, of which 693 square miles is water. The
southwest is mountainous, and the middle is rugged, be-
coming more level toward the Osage River. Agriculture
and live stock interests are important, the annual output
of corn being valued at over $100,000,000. Wheat and oats
together total about one-half this sum. Hay and potatoes
rank next in value. The chief mineral deposits are zinc
and lead. The state is also prosperous in manufactures,
which are largely dependent upon agriculture, live stock
and forestry. The population (census of 1910) was 3,293,-
335, this state ranking seventh in order.
GENERAL HISTORY
I. PROVINCIAL PERIOD (1682-1804)
Early Explorations
Origin of name (III, 183)
Kaskaskia (III, 183)
Incentives to exploration (III, 183-184)
First expeditions (III, 184)
French Occupation
John Law's Company (III, 184)
Early lead mines (III, 184)
St. Genevieve (III, 185)
St. Louis (III, 185)
Spanish Occupation
How the Treaty of Paris was received (III, 186)
Land grants (III, 186)
Spanish Illinois (III, 186)
American Settlement
George Rogers Clark (III, 187)
Affairs during the .Revolution (III, 187)
Capture of St. Joseph (III, 187)
23 337
338 MISSOURI
New Madrid and other settlements (III, 188-191)
Influx of Americans (III, 192)
Daniel Boone (III, 193)
Cession to United States (III, 194)
Social and Economic Conditions
French and Spanish influence (III, 194)
Manner of living (III, 195)
Chief occupations (III, 195)
Population (III, 196)
II. TERRITORIAL PERIOD (1804-1820)
Missouri a part of Louisiana
The Louisiana Purchase (III, 197)
District of Louisiana (III, 198)
Early laws (III, 198)
The Territory of Missouri
First convention (III, 199)
Territory of Louisiana created (III, 199)
Change of name to Missouri (III, 200)
Population (III, 200-201)
Internal Affairs
Political conditions (III, 201)
Growth and development (III, 202)
Indians (III, 205)
Economic conditions (III, 206)
Duelling (III, 207)
First steamboats (III, 207)
First newspapers (III, 207)
First churches (III, 208)
Steps to Statehood
First petition in 1818 (III, 208)
Missouri Compromise (III, 209 et seq.; also see Index)
Division on slavery (III, 209 et seq.)
Hampden articles (III, 210)
Constitutional convention (III, 212-214)
III. FEDERAL PERIOD (1820-1885)
Admission Into Union
"Child of the Storm" (III, 215)
Missouri controversy (III, 216 et seq.)
Tallmadge amendment (III, 215 et seq.)
Missouri Compromise (III, 220 et seq.)
Admission as a state (III, 223)
Political Affairs and Leaders
Thomas Hart Benton (III, 226 et seq.)
David Barton (III, 226)
Annexation of Texas (III, 228)
Henry S. Geyer (III, 230)
Francis P. Blair (III, 231, 234)
Attitude toward secession (III, 226 et seq.)
Repeal of Missouri Compromise (III, 231)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 339
Missouri During the War of Secession
The approach of war (III, 231)
Government during the War (III, 232 et seq.)
Influence of Blair (III, 234)
Battles in state (III, 236)
Union leaders (III, 238)
Growth up to 1865 (III, 239)
IV. MODERN PERIOD (1865-1910)
Conditions in 1865
Contributions to the War (III, 241)
No reconstruction necessary (III, 241)
"Iron-clad oath" (III, 241)
Later Industrial Progress
Railways (III, 242)
Growth in population (III, 242-244)
Manufactures and mineral wealth (III, 245)
Mining (III, 249)
Agriculture (III, 250)
Leading Cities
St. Louis (III, 246)
Kansas City (III, 249)
St. Joseph (III, 249)
Intellectual Progress
Education (III, 251-254)
Authorship (III, 254)
Newspapers (III, 255)
Political Conditions
Negro suffrage (III, 255)
Political parties (III, 256)
Railroad debts (III, 256-258)
Constitution of 1875 (III, 259)
Joseph W. Folk (III, 259)
Conclusion (III, 260-262)
POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
Territorial Relations
Spanish control (III, 186)
Settlers from Kentucky and Tennessee (III, 192)
Effect of Louisiana Purchase (III, 194, 197)
District of Louisiana (III, 197)
Territory of Indiana (III, 197)
Territory of Missouri (III, 200)
Early political affairs (III, 201)
Relations with Arkansas (III, 275)
Steps to Statehood
Slavery agitation (III, 210 et seq.)
Constitution of 1820 (III, 213)
First elections (III, 314)
340 MISSOURI
Missouri Compromise (III, 209, 220, 231; IV, 459, 466; IX,
37; X, xxiii)
Admission to Union (III, 214, 215; IV, 459)
Early Statehood Politics
Benton the unconscious opponent of secession (III, 226)
Anti-Benton Democrats (III, 230)
The Whig Party (III, 230)
Francis P. Blair (III, 231, 232, 234)
Benjamin G. Brown (III, 231)
Repeal of the Missouri Compromise (III, 231)
II. SINCE THE WAR
Conditions After the War
Election of 1864 (III, 237)
Republican Party (III, 237)
Negro suffrage (III, 255)
Democratic Party (III, 256)
Bland and free silver (III, 259)
Folk's crusade against franchises (III, 259)
State Constitutions
Constitution of 1865 (III, 237)
Constitution of 1875 (III, 259)
ECONOMIC HISTORY
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
General Conditions
Original territory (X, 107)
Early land laws (V, 58)
Land grants (III, 186)
Negro population (V, III)
Emancipation (V, 150)
First American settlers (III, 187)
Social and economic conditions among the pioneers (III,
194)
First towns (III, 196)
Indians (III, 205; X, 158)
Position as a slave state (III, 224, 225)
Agriculture and Live Stock
Cereal crops (V, 221)
Hemp (V, 232, 234)
Horses (V, 242)
Sheep (V, 249)
Other live stock (V, 252)
Tobacco (V, 164)
Mining
Coal mining (V, 293)
Geological survey (V, 561)
Iron (V, 285)
Lead (V, 286, 288)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 341
Early lead mining (III, 184)
Early trade in lead (III, 195)
Zinc (V, 288)
Manufactures
Iron industry (V, 285)
Statistics of manufactures (V, 331)
Transportation and Communication
Trading post at St. Louis (III, 185)
Trade in lead and fur (III, 195)
St. Louis an early center of trade (III, 206)
First steamboats (III, 207)
See Transportation and Communication (V, 336 et seq.)
See Mississippi River, in Index
Finances and Banking
Banking (V, 472)
First banks (III, 206)
Revenue and taxation (V, 526)
State finances (V, 526-529)
Taxable wealth in 1860 (III, 239)
II. SINCE THE WAR
General Conditions
Conditions after the War (III, 240 et seq.)
Growth of towns (III, 242)
Foreign element (III, 244)
St. Louis Exposition of 1884 (III, 846-247)
World's Exposition (III, 248)
German immigrants (III, 248)
Drainage of land (III, 250)
Farm lands (VI, 17, 25)
Land reclamation (VI, 558)
Agriculture and Live Stock
An agricultural state (III, 242)
Large rural population (III, 245)
Increase in agriculture (III, 250)
Corn (III, 251)
Wheat (III, 251)
Farm acreage (III, 251)
Cotton (VI, 87)
Cereals (VI, 112)
Live stock (VI, 135)
Mining and Fisheries
Mineral output (III, 245)
Lead and zinc (III, 249-250)
Coal (VI, 177, 181)
Iron ores (VI, 225)
Fisheries (VI, 158)
Manufactures
St. Louis, largest shoe-manufacturing city (III, 245, 248)
Manufacturing importance of St. Louis (III, 248)
Tobacco (III, 248)
342 MISSOURI
Water power (VI, 561)
Growth of manufactures (VI, 257, 261)
Iron industry (VI, 261)
Transportation and Communication
Railways (III, 242)
River traffic (III, 242)
Bridges at St. Louis (III, 247)
Finances and Banking
Wealth (VI, 392, 619)
Constitutional debt and tax limitation (VI, 504)
Public debt (VI, 506)
Railroad debts (III, 256)
Finances (VI, 504-507)
INTELLECTUAL LIFE
I. LITERATURE
Poets and Poetry
Eugene Field (III, 254)
"Little Book of Missouri Verse" (III, 254)
Irwin Russell (VII, 39 et seq.; XII, 365)
" Missouri Literature " (III, 254)
Humorist
Samuel L. Clemens ("Mark Twain") (III, 254; VII, 289;
XI, 315)
Historical Work
Houck's "History of Missouri" (VII, 103)
Benton's "Thirty Years' View" (VII, 106)
Novelist
Winston Churchill (III, 254; XI, 196)
Editors and Periodicals
First newspapers (III, 207-208)
" Missouri Gazette," the oldest state paper (III, 255)
"Palmyra Spectator" (III, 255)
Number of newspapers (III, 255)
Duff Green (VII, 474; XI, 423)
Francis P. Blair (VII, 474-475)
Joseph Charless (III, 202)
Other Writers
"Missouri Literature" (III, 254)
"Missouri Bibliography" (III, 254)
List of writers (III, 254-255)
II. EDUCATION
Progress of Education
Early interest in education (III, 244)
Early schools (III, 208)
Permanent school fund (III, 244)
School system (III, 251 et seq.)
Normal and high schools (III, 253)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 843
Colleges and Universities
First college subscription (III, 244)
Washington University (III, 254)
St. Louis University (III, 254)
Growth of colleges (III, 255)
Medical colleges (III, 305)
Theological seminaries (III, 312J)
University of Missouri (III, 253^ X, 246)
III. THE PROFESSIONS
Educators and Scientists
William Chauvenet (VII, 218)
Henry S. Pritchett (VII, 219)
E. R. Hedrick (VII, 219)
F. H. Scares (VII, 219)
H. B. Shaw (VII, 236)
David F. Houston (XI, 515)
Richard J. Catling (XI, 391)
James S. Rollins (III, 261)
Lawyers
Edward Hempstead (III, 201)
Rufus Easton (III, 201)
John Scott (III, 201-202)
Edward Bates (III, 225)
William B. Napton (III, 229)
Joseph W. Folk (III, 259)
Engineer
James B. Eads (III, 261)
Clergyman
E. M. Marvin (III, 261)
Artist
George C. Bingham (III, 261)
SOCIAL LIFE
I. SOCIAL CONDITIONS
Racial Influences
French settlement (III, 184, 194)
Spanish land laws (V, 58)
Character of immigration (III, 243)
American settlers (III, 187)
Indians (III, 205)
Negroes (III, 184, 255; V, 111)
Manners and Customs
Colonial life (III, 195)
Duelling (III, 207)
Trading posts (III, 185, 195)
The Negro Problem
Introduction of negroes (III, 184)
Slavery an issue upon statehood (III, 209)
344 MISSOURI
The Missouri Compromise (III, 209; and see Index)
Emancipation of slaves (V, 150)
Social Uplift
Child labor (X, 585)
Prohibition (III, 259)
Towns and Cities
First settlements (III, 185)
St. Louis founded (III, 185; for other references see Index)
Kansas City (III, 249)
St. Joseph (III, 249)
II. RELIGION
Religious Influences
Early religious work (III, 208)
Theological seminaries (X, 312)
Denominational Growth
Baptist Church (III, 208)
Methodist Church (III, 208)
Presbyterian Church (III, 208)
Episcopal Church (III, 208)
Roman Catholic Church (X, 250, 537)
III. PUBLIC SERVICE
Governors
List of governors (III, 481)
Claiborne F. Jackson (III, 229, 234)
Robert M. Stewart (III, 230)
Trusten Polk (III, 231)
Thomas C. Fletcher (III, 237)
Joseph W. Folk (III, 259; XI, 353)
Other Statesmen
John Scott (III, 215)
Thomas Hart Benton (III, 226; and see Index)
David Barton (III, 226)
Francis P. Blair (III, 232, 234 et seq.)
B. Gratz Brown (III, 238)
Champ Clark (XI, 201)
See lists (III, 238, 261)
Soldiers
Sterling Price (III, 236)
John B. Henderson (III, 238)
Alexander W. Doniphan (III, 238)
Henry Atkinson (XI, 27)
Pioneers
Benjamin Cooper (III, 203)
Daniel Boone (III, 193)
Moses Austin (III, 193)
Christopher (" Kit ") Carson (XI, 184)
Meriwether Lewis (XII, 95)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 345
REVIEW QUESTIONS
When and why was Missouri first explored? (Ill, 183-4)
What were the first two settlements? (Ill, 185)
When did Americans come into Missouri from neighboring
states? (Ill, 192)
When were the Missouri settlements ceded to the United
States? (Ill, 194)
What language then prevailed here? (Ill, 194)
When was the territory of Missouri created? (Ill, 200)
When did the city of St. Louis first begin to assume im-
portance? (111,206)
When was the first newspaper established? (Ill, 207)
What were the circumstances leading up to the admission
of Missouri into the Union? (Ill, 215-223)
Why did the Missouri Compromise arouse a national storm ?
(Ill, 220-3)
Who was " the great Missourian "? (Ill, 226-31)
What was Missouri's share in the War of Secession? (Ill,
236-41)
What expositions have been held in St. Louis, and when?
(Ill, 246-248)
Who was the founder of St. Joseph? (Ill, 249)
What noted pioneers are connected with Missouri's history?
(XI, 184; XII, 95)
Give an outline of the career and famous books of America's
greatest humorist (VII, 289; XI, 215)
What are Missouri's leading manufacturing industries? (Ill,
245, 248; VI, 257, 261)
What are its agricultural products? (Ill, 251; VI, 87, 112)
How many colleges and universities are in the state? (X,
255)
When was the University of Missouri founded? (X, 246)
NORTH CAROLINA
North Carolina, one of the original thirteen colonies, is
an Atlantic coast state bounded on the north by Virginia,
on the south by South Carolina and Georgia, and on the
west by Tennessee. Its width, east to west, is 503 miles,
and length 187 miles. The area is 52,426 square miles, of
which 3,686 square miles is water. The greater part of the
surface belongs to the Atlantic slope, the ground gradually
rising until it becomes mountainous in the west. The state
is chiefly agricultural, the crops of corn, wheat and oats
aggregating about $50,000,000 annually. Tobacco and
cotton are important. Minerals are found but not in large
quantities. The manufacture of cotton fabrics, tobacco
products, and lumber is extensive. The 1910 census showed
a population of 2,206,287, of whom 1,500,513 are white.
This population is largely rural.
GENERAL HISTORY
I. PROPRIETARY PERIOD (1584-1729)
Early Explorations and Settlements
Voyage of Verrazano (II, 2)
Amadas and Barlow (I, 3; IV, 3)
Grant to Sir Walter Raleigh (I, 3; II, 463; IV, 3)
The first colony (I, 3-5; IV, 3; V, 229)
Lost Colony of Roanoke (I, 5-7; IV, 3)
Proprietary Government Established
Raleigh's influence (I, 8-10; IV, 3-4)
Permanent settlements (I, 415 et seq.)
Grant to Sir Robert Heath (I, 414; IV, 10)
Grant to the Lords Proprietors (I, 420; II, 6; IV, 10)
Character of the Governmet
Fundamental constitutions (I, 421-422; II, 9)
Features of government (I, 423 et seq.)
The Great Deed of Grant (I, 425)
First governors (I, 425 et seq.)
Character of the people (I, 426-427)
Rebellions and Wars
Culpepper's rebellion (I, 427-429)
Revolt against Sothel (I, 430)
Gary's rebellion (I, 431-433)
Indian war of 1711-1713 (I, 433-435; V, 22)
Piracy (I, 435-436; IV, 38)
346
READING &ND STUDY COURSES 347
Internal Conditions
Religious growth (I, 430)
Colonial finances (V, 443)
External Affairs
Relations with Virginia (I, 415, 437; II, 13)
Separation from South Carolina (I, 433; IV, 15)
Sale of Carolina to the Crown (I, 437-439)
II. PROVINCIAL PERIOD (1729-1775)
Conditions from 1729 to 1752
Cause of transfer of colony (I, 441)
Population (I, 441)
Manner of living (I, 441-442)
Settlers in the interior (I, 444-445)
Religious life (I, 445-446)
Land grants (I, 446)
French and Indian wars (I, 447-449)
Character of Crown Government
Judicial department (I, 442)
First governor (I, 442)
Friction with people (I, 443)
Early laws (I, 444)
Johnston's administration (I, 443-444; XI, 8)
Dobb's administration (I, 447-449; IV, 39-42)
Tryon and the Regulators
Character of William Tryon (I, 449-451)
Resistance of people to the Stamp Act (I, 450-451)
Cherokee dispute (I, 451)
The Regulator movement (I, 452 et seq.)
Battle of Alamance (I, 455-456)
Its effects (I, 456)
End of the Provincial Period
Josiah Martin, last of the royal governors (I, 457)
Disputes with the Assembly (I, 458)
New Assembly convened (I, 458-459)
New Bern Committee of Safety (I, 459)
Third Provincial Congress (I, 459-460)
Revolutionary measures (I, 460)
Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge (I, 460)
Fourth Provincial Congress (I, 461)
Delegates to Continental Congress (I, 461)
III. REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD (1775-1782)
Causes of Revolution
Effect of Martin's administration (I, 462-463)
Local and intercolonial disputes (I, 463)
Financial question (I, 463)
The court system (I, 463)
Revolutionary Politics
Sympathy with colonies (I, 464)
The Stamp Act (I, 450-451, 464)
348 NORTH CAROLINA
Committee of Correspondence (I, 458, 464)
The Provincial Congresses (I, 458 et seq.)
Delegates to Continental Congress (I, 461, 464)
An Independent State
The Mecklenburg Resolves (I, 466)
The Mecklenburg Declaration (I, 467)
Preparations for conflict (I, 467-468)
Halifax Resolves (I, 468)
Share in the Revolution
Apathy during the War (I, 469)
Military achievements (I, 470)
Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge (I, 460, 468)
King's Mountain (I, 93, 470; II, 34, 472)
Whigs and Tories (I, 471)
IV. FEDERAL PERIOD (1782-1861)
Share in Forming Federal Constitution
One of last states to ratify Constitution (I, 471)
Bill of Rights (I, 472)
Ratificati9n in 1789 (I, 472)
State individualism (I, 472)
Anti-Federalism (I, 473)
Domestic Affairs
Raleigh founded and made the capital (I, 473)
Dismal Swamp Canal (I, 473)
Interest in education (I, 474, 476)
Internal improvements (I, 476-477)
Charities (I, 477)
Political Movements
Constitutional reform (I, 474)
Constitution of 1835 (I, 475)
Whig ascendancy (I, 475-477)
Slavery and Secession
Slavery a political issue (I, 478)
Attitude of state (I, 479)
Causes which led to secession (I, 479 et seq.)
Secession convention (I, 481)
V. WAR PERIOD (1861-1865)
North Carolina in the Confederacy
Secession (I, 482)
Events at outbreak of War (I, 483)
Ratification of Confederate Constitution (I, 483-484)
Preparations for War
Refusal to furnish Federal troops (I, 484)
Organization of state troops (I, 484)
Number of troops furnished (I, 485)
Ammunition supplies (I, 485)
Blockade running (I, 486)
Governor Vance (I, 487)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 349
Progress of War in the State
The War in 1861 (I, 487-489)
The War in 1862 (I, 489-491)
The War in 1863 (I, 491-492)
The War in 1864 (I, 492-493)
The War in 1865 (I, 493-494)
The state's share in the War (I, 494-496)
VI. RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD (1865-1876)
Conditions After the War
Overthrow of state government (I, 497)
General Schofield and military control (I, 497-498)
William W. Holden (I, 498)
Convention of 1865 (I, 498-499)
Reconstruction Measures
President Johnson's plan (I, 498-499)
Repudiation of war debt (I, 499)
Worth's administration (I, 499-501)
Freedirem's Bureau (I, 500)
Constitution of 1866 (I, 501)
Reconstruction acts by Congress (I, 501-502)
Constitution of 1868 (I, 502)
Political Controversies
Election of 1868 (I, 503)
William W. Holden's election (I, 503)
The carpet-baggers (I, 503)
Legislature of 1868 (I, 504)
Extravagances and taxation (I, 504)
Ku Klux Klan (I, 504-506)
End of Reconstruction (I, 506)
Election of Vance and the Democratic ticket, in 1876 (I,
507)
VII. MODERN PERIOD (1876-1910)
Politics Since 1876
Administration of Jarvis (I, 507)
Political parties (I, 507)
Negro suffrage (I, 507)
" White Supremacy " (I, 508)
" Grandfather clause " (I, 508)
Constitutional amendment and its effect (I, 508)
Prohibition (I, 509)
Control of railroads (I, 509-510)
Economy of administration (I, 510)
Governmental Activities
Charities (I, 510)
Agriculture (I, 511)
Other departments (I, 512)
Colonial and state records (I, 512)
Educational Development
Ashley as superintendent of public instruction (I, 512)
Other superintendents (I, 513)
350 NORTH CAROLINA
Statistics of schools (I, 513)
Expenditures (I, 514)
Universities and colleges (I, 514)
Denominational schools (I, 514)
Economic Development
Beginnings of manufactures (I, 514-515)
Growth after war (I, 515)
Statistics (I, 516)
Agricultural growth (I, 516-517)
Other factors (I, 517)
Wealth, debt, and taxation (I, 517-518)
Banking (I, 518)
POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
Colonial Relations
Settlers from Virginia (I, 415-416; V, 14, 36)
Political relations (IV, 10-12)
Boundary questions (I, 437; IV, 10-12, 13, 299)
Relations with South Carolina (I, 433; IV, 14)
Tennessee boundary (IV, 156)
Colonial Measures and Politics
Proprietary government (I, 421 et seq.; IV, 14)
Governors and people (I, 425 et seq.; IV, 11)
Sale of Carolina to the Crown (I, 437; II, 15)
Crown government (I, 442 et seq.)
Burrington's administration (I, 442-443)
Johnston's administration (I, 443-444)
Dobb's administration (I, 447-449)
Tryon's administration (I, 449-456)
Martin's administration (I, 457-459)
Revolutionary Affairs
Causes of Revolution (I, 462 et seq.)
The Stamp Act (I, 450 et seq.)
The Mecklenburg Resolves (I, 459, 466; IV, 66, 70)
The Halifax Resolves (I, 461, 468; IV, 70)
Constitution of 1776 (I, 468-469; IV, 72)
Early State Questions
Attitude toward Federal Union (I, 471-473; IV, 133)
Bill of Rights (IV, 72)
Relations with Georgia (IV, 145)
Cession of Western territory and formation of Tennessee
(II, 473-479; IV, 93-94)
Slavery Question
Slave trade (IV, 216, 219)
Legal status of slavery (V, 92 et seq.)
A political issue (I, 479-480; IV, 91, 316, 346, 576)
The Wilmot Proviso (I, 478-9; IV, 276)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 351
Secession Movement
Theory and history of secession (IV, 467-468, 473)
States rights campaigns (I, 480)
Causes of secession in state (I, 481 et seq.)
Convention of 1861 (I, 481-484)
Entering the Confederacy (I, 483-484)
II. SINCE THE WAR
Reconstruction Measures
Overthrow of the state government (I, 497)
Military rule (I, 497-498)
Presidential Reconstruction (I, 498 et seq.)
Convention of 1865 (I, 498-499)
Freedmen's Bureau (I, 500)
Congressional Reconstruction (I, 501-502; IV, 600, 631)
Secret political societies (I, 505; IV, 605, 621)
End of Reconstruction (I, 506)
Political Parties and Leaders
Holden's first administration (I, 498; II, 427; IV, 591)
Jonathan Worth (I, 499 et seq.; XII, 572)
Republican control (I, 503)
William W. Holden (I, 503)
Legislature of 1868 (I, 504)
Zebulon B. Vance (I, 507; XII, 493)
Democratic victory of 1876 (I, 507)
Politics since 1876 (I, 507-510)
State Constitutions
Constitution of 1866 (I, 501)
Constitution of 1868 (I, 502-503)
Amendments of 1875 (I, 506)
Amendment of 1898 (I, 508)
ECONOMIC HISTORY
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
General Conditions
Geography and topography (V, 3-9)
British colonial policy (V, 26-27)
Original land system (V, 48-51)
Quit rents (V, 48, 529)
The Great Deed of Grant (I, 425)
Cession of western lands (V, 67-68)
Taxation of lands (V, 529-530)
Labor conditions (V, 92, 93, 98, 106, 115, 134, 137, 140)
Negro population (V, 111)
Agriculture and Live Stock
Tobacco crops (V, 14, 159, 164-168)
Rice culture (V, 170-171)
Cotton (V, 202-203, 661)
Corn (V, 216, 221, 222)
Other cereals (V, 221-222)
Hemp and flax (V, 229-234)
352 NORTH CAROLINA
Fruits and vegetables (V, 241)
Agricultural societies and fairs (V, 587)
Breeding of horses (V, 244)
Live stock statistics (V, 252-256)
Forestry and Fisheries
Naval stores (V, 259, 303, 327)
Timber resources (V, 260, 304)
Fisheries (V, 267-270)
Mining
Gold (V, 277-280)
Copper (V, 281-283)
Iron (V, 384)
Lead and zinc (V, 287)
Coal (V, 292)
Geological survey (V, 556; VII, 253)
Manufactures
Cotton mills (V, 318, 320, 329)
Spinners' Convention of 1840 (V, 316)
Lumber manufacture (V, 260, 304, 309)
Hemp and flax (V, 231, 233)
Other manufactures (V, 327-333; 491-492, 58$)
Water power (V, 582, 586)
Transportation and Communication
Water facilities (V, 327)
Early roads (V, 349)
Canals (V, 353-356)
First railroads (V, 360-363)
Early trade (V, 413-418)
Internal improvements (V, 353)
Postal service (V, 483, 615)
Navigation act (I, 428)
Ports (V, 413)
Finances and Banking
Tariff legislation (V, 488)
State finances (V, 529-532)
Wealth (V, 630)
Banking (V, 462-465)
Colonial currency (V, 443-445)
II. SINCE THE WAR
General Conditions
Farm lands (VI, 17, 18, 25)
Labor conditions (VI, 37 et seq.)
Convict labor (VI, 49, 51)
Labor legislation (VI, 55-57)
Racial influences (VI, 587-604)
Agriculture and Live Stock
Tobacco (VI, 17, 18, 67-71)
Cotton (VI, 92)
Cereals (VI, 112, 114, 116)
Hemp and flax (VI, 125)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 353
Fruits and vegetables (VI, 23-24, 129, 131-133)
Live stock (VI, 140-150)
State interest in agriculture (I, 511)
Forestry and Fisheries
Forestry products (VI, 152, 157)
Oyster industry (VI, 163-164)
Fisheries (VI, 159-161)
Mining
Quarry products (VI, 199-200, 208)
Phosphates (VI, 211)
Gold and silver (VI, 215-218)
Copper (VI, 219-220)
Lead and zinc (VI, 220)
Iron (VI, 223-224)
Other minerals (233-245)
Manufactures
Flour mills (VI, 256)
Lumber products (VI, 152, 157)
Iron products (VI, 273, 275)
Textiles (VI, 279-287, 297)
Tobacco (VI, 294)
Pottery (X, 705)
Statistics of industries (VI, 263, 303)
Water power (VI, 561-566)
Transportation and Communication
Railroads (VI, 308, 311, 439, 440, 455-458)
Control of railroads (I, 509-510)
Highways (VI, 51, 321-324)
Waterways (VI, 326, 338, 650)
Expansion of trade (VI, 353, 361)
Finances and Banking
Wealth (VI, 392, 619)
Banking (VI, 429-430)
Confederate pensions (VI, 448, 507)
State finances (VI, 440, 442, 508-511)
Insurance (VI, 623, 627)
INTELLECTUAL LIFE
I. LITERATURE
Poets and Poetry
Thomas Godfrey (VII, 3)
John Henry Boner (VII, 52; XI, 98)
Mary Bayard Clark (XI, 204)
Edwin W. Fuller (XI, 370)
Theophilus H. Hill (XI, 498)
John Charles McNeill (VII, 52)
Novelists
Thomas Dixon (XI, 285)
Albion W. Tourgee (XII, 466)
354 NORTH CAROLINA
Folk-Lore
Legend of the White Doe (VII, 55)
Indian legends (VII, 62-63)
Historical Studies
Thomas Harriot and his work (VII, 88, 240)
Stephen B. Weeks (VII, 91; XII, 537)
E. W. Sikes (VII, 91)
Francis L. Hawks's "History of North Carolina" (VII,
100)
Francois Xavier Martin's " History of North Carolina "
(XII, 167)
Hinton R. Helper (VII, 181, 186)
John H. Wheeler's " History of North Carolina" (VII, 100)
S. A. Ashe's "History of North Carolina" (VII, 100)
Other historical work (VII, 97; X, 5, 58, 203, 421)
Historical societies (VII, 513, 519, 521)
Editors and Periodicals
Colonial newspapers and editors (VII, 407, 408, 415, 416,
470)
Early state editors (VII 414, 474; XI, 378; XII, 374)
War editors (VII, 425)
Recent editors and papers (VII, 292-293, 424; XI, 32; XII,
249, 293, 500)
"The Land We Love" (VII, 458)
"The South Atlantic Quarterly" (VII, 513)
"The North Carolina Booklet" (X, 636, 642)
II. EDUCATION
Progress of Education
Education in colonial times (X, 192)
Early schools (X, 192, 193; VII, 168-169)
Early state provision for education (I, 474; X, 193)
Education prior to the War (I, 476)
Agricultural education (I, 514; X, 352, 353, 362)
Education of the negro (I, 514; X, 249, 258, 407)
Education of women (I, 514; IX, 84; X, 264-265, 406)
Education of the blind and dumb (I, 477)
Superintendents of public instruction (I, 512-513)
Statistics (I, 513-514)
Technical education (X, 355)
Colleges and Universities
State aid of colleges (I, 514)
Denominational colleges (I, 514)
University of North Carolina (I, 474; and see Index)
Other colleges (I, 514)
Growth of colleges (X, 192, 199, 255)
Medical colleges (X, 305)
Theological seminaries (X, 312)
III. THE PROFESSIONS
Educators and Scientists
Thomas Hume (VII, 125; XI, 526)
Edwin Minis (VII, 133; XII, 196)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 355
C. Alphonso Smith (XII, 398)
Thomas Harriot (VII, 88, 240)
John Lawson (VII, 241)
Hugh Williamson (VII, 245)
Thomas A. Curtis (VII, 248)
Denison Olmsted (VII, 253, 307)
Elisha Mitchell (VII, 253, 307)
Collier Cobb (XI, 217)
Charles W. Dabney (XI, 248)
Francis P. Venable (VII, 231)
Frederick Beasley (VII, 264)
Thomas L. Clingman (VII, 264)
Lawyers
Hannis Taylor (VII, 336)
William H. Battle (XI, 58)
Walter Clark (XI, 203)
James Iredell (XI, 536)
Alfred Moore (XII, 202)
Physicians
Ephraim Brevard (VII, 358)
Nathaniel Alexander (VII, 358)
Hugh Williamson (VII, 245, 358)
Robert Williams (VII, 358)
A. J. De Rosset (VII, 363; XI, 277)
Mathias Lengue (VII, 363)
John Newman (VII, 363)
Eli Geddings (VII, 366)
Paul B. Barringer (XI, 48)
Moses J. De Rosset (XI, 278)
George A. Foote (XI, 354)
Edmund B. Haywood (XI, 468)
Richard B. Haywood (XI, 469)
Clergymen
George W. Truet (XII, 476)
Leonidas Polk (X, 523; XII, 302)
Robert Paine (XII, 280)
Lovick Pierce (XII, 383)
John W. Beckwith (XI, 63)
Paul Henkle (XI, 476)
Paul Palmer (IX, 133)
Shubael Sterns (IX, 133)
Cicero C. Hawks (XI, 461)
Francis L. Hawks (IX, 68; XI, 461)
R. B. C. Howell (XI, 522)
Thomas Atkinson (XI, 28)
SOCIAL LIFE
I. RELIGION
Religious Influences
Quakers of Albemarle (I, 430-431)
The Church of England act of worship (I, 431)
Early religious conditions (I, 445)
356 NORTH CAROLINA
Theological seminaries (X, 312)
Denominational schools (I, 514)
Religious development (X, 457, 460, 529, 541)
Denominational Growth
Presbyterian Church (I, 445; X, 223)
Baptist Church (I, 445; X, 226)
Methodist Church (X, 226)
Roman Catholic Church (X, 537)
Lutheran Church (I, 445)
Episcopalian Church (I, 431, 445)
II. SOCIAL CONDITIONS
Racial Influences
Classes of society (V, 73, 79)
Geographical influences (V, 98)
Early settlers (I, 415-420; V, 14; X, 100)
Germans (I, 417; X, 139)
Indians (X, 158)
Negro population (V, 111)
Manners and Customs
Scarcity of cities (X, 7)
Mountain life (X, 40)
Classes of society (V, 73-74, 79)
Character of early citizens (I, 426)
Virginia poor gentry (X, 103)
Scarcity of servants (V, 98)
Social Uplift
Early charities (I, 477)
Prohibition movement (I, 509)
Child labor (X, 585)
Settlement work (X, 616)
First library (X, 190)
Support of charities (I, 510)
The Negro Problem
Negro population (V, 111)
The slave trade (IV, 216, 219)
Distribution of slaves (V, 140, 614)
Slave revolts (IV, 235-236)
Slavery a political issue (I, 479-480)
Free negroes (IV, 237)
Negro domination (I, 507)
Education of the negro (I, 514; X, 249 et seq.)
Towns and Cities
Colonial settlements (I, 415-420; V, 14; X, 100)
Scarcity of cities (X, 7)
Raleigh (I, 473)
Wilmington (I, 420)
III. PUBLIC SERVICE
Governors
List of governors (III, 484)
Gabriel Johnston (I, 443; XI, 8)
357
William Tryon (I, 449 et seq.)
Josiah Martin (I, 457 et seq.)
Jonathan Worth (I, 499 et seq.; 'XII, 572)
William W. Holden (I, 498 et seq.; XI, 503)
Other Statesmen
Zebulon B. Vance (I, 487 et seq.; XII, 493)
Thomas Bragg (XI, 113)
George Davis (XI, 259)
William A. Graham (XI, 420)
William Gaston (IX, 34; XI, 390)
Thomas H. Benton (IX, 44, 163)
John Branch (XI, 113)
James C. Dobbin (XI, 285)
Nathaniel Macon (XII, 130)
Matt. W. Ransom (XII, 333)
Soldiers
John Ashe (XI, 26)
William R. Davie (XI, 258)
Robert Howe (XI, 519)
Benjamin Hawkins (XI, 461)
George B. Anderson (XI, 14)
Braxton Bragg (XI, 112)
Thomas L. Clingman (XI, 216)
Bryan Grimes (XI, 425)
Daniel H. Hill (XI, 495)
Robert F. Hoke (XI, 502)
Theophilus H. Holmes (XI, 506)
William D. Fender (XII, 261)
James J. Pettigru (XII, 275)
Leonidas Polk (XII, 302)
Stephen D. Ramseur (XII, 323)
Robert .Ransom (XII, 333)
Matt.W. Ransom (XII, 333)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Who were the first settlers of North Carolina? (I, 413-5)
What was the first settlement? (I, 415)
By what nation was New Bern founded? (I, 417)
From whom did the Carolinas derive their name? (I, 420)
What was the Culpepper Rebellion? (I, 427-9)
What was the contention of the Quakers? (I, 430-2)
Until what year did piracy flourish? (I, 436)
When did North Carolina become a royal province? (I,
441)
Who was the first royal governor? (I, 442)
When were the Indians finally subdued? (I, 449)
Whom did the Indians call "the Great Wolf"? (I, 451-2)
What was the " Regulator" trouble? (I, 452-6)
358 NORTH CAROLINA
What early moves for freedom were taken by North
Carolina? (I, 459, 468)
What decisive battle fought in this state was a turning point
in the Revolution? (I, 470)
When was Raleigh founded? (I, 473)
What was the state's attitude toward slavery and secession?
(I, 479)
What important battles of the War of Secession were fought
here? (I, 487-94)
What was the history of the Ku Klux Klan? (1, 504-6)
What is the state's present condition in education? (I, 512-4;
X, 249, 264, 352, 355)
What are its leading crops? (VI, 17, 23, 92, 112, 125)
Give an outline of its manufacturing industries (VI, 256, 273,
279, 294)
When were the first banks organized? (V, 462)
What noted writers has North Carolina produced? Edu-
cators? Physicians? (VII)
What is the history of the University of North Carolina?
(X, 220, 242)
What has been done in the way of technical education?
(X, 355)
When was the first library established? (X, 190) The
first newspaper? (VII, 415)
SOUTH CAROLINA
South Carolina, one of the original thirteen colonies, is
a South Atlantic state, being bounded on the north by
North Carolina and on the west and south by Georgia. It
is triangular in shape, with 190 miles of coast line, and an
apex 240 miles inland. The area is 30,989 square miles, of
which 494 square miles is water. The surface is roughly
divided into five sections ; the coastal region, the pine belt,
the sand and red hills, the Piedmont region, and the Alpine
region. Sixty-nine per cent of the land is in farms, the chief
products being cotton, corn and tobacco. Manufactures,
especially of cotton goods, have shown rapid growth in
recent years. The census of 1910 showed a population of
1,515,400, of whom 679,162 are white.
GENERAL HISTORY
I. COLONIAL PERIOD (1562-1789)
Explorations and Settlements
First Spanish ships (II, 1)
Giovanni Verrazano (II, 2)
Settlement of Port Royal by the French (II, 2)
The name "Carolina" (II, 6)
English Occupation
Grant of Charles II (II, 6)
Expedition of the "Carolina" (II, 7)
Charles Town founded (II, 7)
Population in 1682 (II, 8)
Early Colonial Affairs
Plan of government (II, 9)
Huguenots (II, 10)
Trouble with Indians and Spaniards (II, 10)
Relations with North Carolina (II, 13)
The people and trade of Charles Town (II, 15)
Rice and indigo (II, 17)
Settlements in the middle and upper country (II, 18)
Manners and Customs
Religious conditions (II, 20)
Early industries (II, 22)
Trade with interior (II, 23)
Labor conditions (II, 23)
The planters (II, 24)
Style of architecture (II, 24-25)
Culture and learning (II, 25)
Hardships in interior (II, 26)
359
360 SOUTH CAROLINA
Transition from Colony to State
Pinckney's resolution (II, 26)
Opposition to Stamp Act (II, 27)
Liberty Tree party (II, 28)
Charles Town tea party (II, 28)
Provincial Congress (II, 29)
Council of Safety (II, 29)
First hostile shots (II, 29)
Formation of state (II, 30)
Share in the Revolution
Clinton's expedition (II, 31)
William Moultrie (II, 31 et seq.)
Capture of Charles Town (II, 33)
Francis Marion (II, 34)
Number of battles in state (II, 35)
Share in Formation of the Union
Work of South Carolina statesmen (II, 35 et seq.)
Delegates to first Continental Congress (II, 36)
Henry Laurens (II, 36)
Delegates to Federal Convention (II, 37)
II. FEDERAL PERIOD (1789-1860)
Early Statehood
Share in the adoption of the Federal Constitution (II, 39)
The Pinckney Plan (II, 41)
Increase in population (II, 41)
Distribution of population (II, 43)
Economic Conditions
Rapid increase of slaves (II, 45)
Manumission (II, 47)
Vezey's Conspiracy (II, 48)
Slow growth of manufactures (II, 49)
William Gregg's factory (II, 51)
Constitutional and Political Development
Constitution of 1790 (II, 52)
Early parties (II, 54)
Internal Improvements
Santee Canal (II, 55)
Toll roads (II, 55, 57)
Large appropriations in 1818 (II, 57)
First railroads (II, 57, 58)
Banking (II, 59)
Interest in education (II, 60)
Leadership in Public Affairs
South Carolina statesmen (II, 61 et seq.)
Thomas Pinckney (II, 61)
Charles C. Pinckney (II, 62)
Influence in nation (II, 62)
John C. Calhoun (II, 63 et seq.)
Federal and Interstate Relations
Boundary disputes (II, 65)
Revolutionary debt (II, 65)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 361
Tariff disputes (II, 66 et seq.)
Nullification (II, 67 et seq.)
Abolitionism (II, 69 et seq.)
Calhoun's view of Mexican War (II, 71)
III. WAR PERIOD (1860-1865)
Secession
Causes which led to secession (II, 72 et seq.)
Convention (II, 73)
Original idea of secession (II, 76)
Robert Y. Hayne (II, 76)
Popular sentiment (II, 78)
Share in forming the Confederacy (II, 80)
The War in South Carolina
Fort Sumter seized (II, 81)
Defense of Charleston (II, 83)
Inland expeditions (II, 83)
Sherman's march to the sea (II, 84 et seq.)
Contributions to the War (II, 86)
Life in War-time (II, 88)
Fidelity of slaves (II, 90)
IV. RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD (1865-1876)
Conditions at Close of War
Destruction caused by War (II, 88-90)
Towns destroyed (II, 92)
First Efforts Toward Reconstruction
Grant's and Lincoln's view (II, 94)
Wade Hampton (II, 94)
Johnson's plan (II, 96)
Black Code (II, 97)
Congressional Reconstruction
Civil government set aside (II, 98)
The carpet-baggers (II, 99)
Negro control (II, 100)
Extravagances (II, 100)
Red shirt campaign (II, 102)
Restoration of home rule (II, 102)
V. MODERN PERIOD (1876-1910)
New Social Conditions
The free negro (II, 102)
Growth of towns and cities (II, 103)
Mill villages (II, 103)
Marriage and divorce laws (II, 104)
Foreign population (II, 104-105)
New Industries
Phosphate mining (II, 105)
Cotton-seed industry (II, 106)
Water and steam power (II, 106-107)
Cotton manufacturing (II, 107-108)
Agriculture (II, 108-111)
363 SOUTH CAROLINA
New Political Conditions
Three conventions (II, 111)
Constitution of 1865 (II, 112)
Constitution of 1868 (II, 113-114)
Constitution of 1895 (II, 115)
Educational Advance
Interest in schools (II, 117)
Public school tax (II, 118)
Statistics (II, 119)
Colleges and denominational schools (II, 120-121)
POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
Colonial Relations
Virginia and the Carolinas (IV, 11)
Relations with North Carolina (II, 13; IV, 15)
Relations with Florida (II, 11; IV, 15)
First constitution (IV, 72)
Activities during Revolution (IV, 76)
Separation from North Carolina (I, 422, 423)
Share in Forming Federal Constitution
Federalist Party (II, 39)
Delegates to Federal Convention (II, 40)
The Pinckney Plan (II, 41)
Constitutional and Political Development
Constitution of 1790 (II, 52)
Democratic Party (II, 54)
Calhoun's leadership (II, 53 et seq.)
Influence in National affairs (II, 61 et seq.)
Federal and Interstate Relations
Boundary disputes with Georgia and North Carolina (II,
65)
Federal relations (II, 65)
Nullification (II, 66 et seq.)
Tariff disputes (II, 66 et seq.)
Southern Rights Association (II, 71)
Secession Movement
Causes of secession (II, 72 et seq.)
Secession convention (II, 73, 79)
The idea of secession (II, 76)
Share in forming the Confederacy (II, 80)
II. SINCE THE WAR
Reconstruction Measures
Condition of government at close of War (II, 94-95)
Johnson's plan (II, 96)
The Black Code (II, 97)
Military government (II, 98)
Negro and carpet-bag control (II, 99 et seq.)
Democratic victory of 1876 (II, 102)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 363
New Political Conditions
Three conventions (II, 111)
Constitution of 1865 (II, 111-113)
Constitution of 1868 (II, 113-115)
Constitution ot 1895 (II, 115-116)
Benjamin R. Tillman and the Farmers' Movement (II, 115)
ECONOMIC HISTORY
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
General Conditions
First settlers (V, 16)
Original land system (V, 48, 51)
Labor conditions (II, 23; V, 99)
Negro population (V, 111)
Granting of bounties (V, 27)
Colonial industries (II, 22)
Growth of population (V, 17)
Increase of slavery (II, 23, 45)
Interior settlements (II, 18)
Natural resources (II, 16, 22)
State Board of Public Works (IV, 163)
State Agricultural Society (V, 155, 248)
Agriculture and Live Stock
Cotton (V, 198)
Rice culture (II, 22; V, 170 et seq.)
Indigo (II, 17, 22; V, 178)
Cattle numerous in colonial days (II, 23)
Abundance of fruit (II, 23)
Cereals (V, 221)
Corn exported (V, 216)
.Rice exported (II, 16; V, 393)
Sea island cotton (V, 200)
State Agricultural Society (V, 552)
Superior wool (V, 248)
Two farming classes (II, 44)
Prizes offered for live stock (V, 248)
Horses (V, 243)
Other live stock (V, 252)
Mining and Forestry
Gold mining (V, 280)
Pitch, tar, and timber (V, 259)
Lumber products (II, 22)
Early mining (V, 275)
Manufactures
Early manufactures (II, 22; V, 331)
Cotton manufacture (V, 203)
Growth of manufactures (II, 49)
Second in cotton manufactures (V, 549)
Influence of William Gregg (II, 51)
Transportation and Communication
Early trading (II, 23)
Early corn export (V, 216)
364 SOUTH CAROLINA
Exports of rice (V, 393)
Exports and imports (II, 58)
Trade at the time of the Revolution (II, 115)
First railroads (II, 57, 58)
Santee Canal (II, 55)
Turnpikes (II, 57)
Ports (V, 413)
Share in early export trade (II, 76)
Finances and Banking
State bank experiment (II, 59)
Growth of banks (II. 59)
History of banking (V, 461, 465)
Bills of credit (V, 533-534)
Colonial taxation (V, 532)
Debt assumed by United States (V, 534)
Opposition to tariff acts (II, 69; IV, 371; V, 533; IX, 301)
Public debt (V, 535)
Revolutionary debt (II, 65)
Finances (V, 532-536)
Taxable property in 1860 (V, 535)
Wealth of state (V, 630)
II. SINCE THE WAR
General Conditions
System of working land (II, 108)
Drainage of swamps (VI, 554)
Emigration and immigration (II, 104, 105)
Farmers' Unions (II, 104)
Farm lands (VI, 17, 25)
Agriculture and Live Stock
Growth of agriculture (II, 108)
Foreign exports (II, 109)
Decline of rice industry (VI, 15)
Methods of rice culture (VI, 75)
Tobacco (VI, 67)
Cotton (VI, 87)
Cereals (VI, 112)
Live stock (VI, 135)
Mining and Fisheries
Phosphate mining (II, 105-106; VI, 212)
Mining industries (VI, 175)
Fisheries (VI, 158)
Manufactures
Cotton mills (II, 107)
Cotton-seed industry (II, 106)
Great increase of manufacturing (VI, 477)
Mill villages (II, 103)
Fertilizers (II, 105-106)
Varied industries (II, 106)
Water and steam power (II, 106-107; VI, 561)
Second in cotton industry (VI, 478)
History of manufactures (VI, 253)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 365
Transportation and Communication
Foreign trade (VI, 353)
See Railroads and Transportation (VI, 305 et seq.)
Finances and Banking
Finances (VI, 514-518)
Growth of values (VI, 517)
Increase of debt and taxation during Reconstruction (II,
100)
Sources of revenue (VI, 518)
Wealth of state (VI, 392, 619)
Banking interests (VI, 429)
INTELLECTUAL LIFE
I. LITERATURE
Poets and Poetry
Washington Allston (VII, 11, 12; XI, 11)
John Matthews Legare (VII, 17; XII, 88)
Henry Timrod (VII, 20 et seq.; XII, 461)
William Gilmore Simms (VII, 21, 26; XII, 390)
Paul Hamilton Hayne (VII, 22, 33, 81; XI, 464)
Carlyle McKinley (VII, 52)
Folk-Lore
Charleston traditions (VII, 56)
Indian folk-tales (VII, 63)
Negro folk-lore (VII, 64)
Historical Studies
State historians (VII, 91, 97)
Carroll and his work (VII, 100)
Edward McCrady (VII, 100)
Political writers (VII, 106)
Hollis (VII, 110)
B. A. Elzas's "Jews of South Carolina" (VII, 112)
Lieber (VII, 114)
Ramsay's "History of South Carolina" (VII, 176)
Mill's " Statistics of South Carolina " (VII, 175)
Drayton's " View of South Carolina " (VII, 176)
South Carolina Historical Society (VII, 512)
Novelists
William Gilmore Simms (VIII, xxiv, 69; XII, 390)
Julia C. R. Dorr (XI, 288)
Editors and Periodicals
Importance of early newspapers (VII, 416)
Francis Yonge (VII, 416)
Thomas Whitemarsh's "South Carolina Gazette" (VII,
416)
"The Charleston Courier" (VII, 417)
Other early papers (VII, 417)
John Wells (VII, 417)
"The Royal Gazette" (VII, 418)
List of newspapers (VII, 426)
"Russell's Magazine" (VII, 448)
366 SOUTH CAROLINA
"Southern Literary Gazette" (VII, 450)
Simms as an editor (VII, 450-451)
Other magazines (VII, 451)
"Southern Quarterly Review" (VII, 452)
Hayne as an editor (VII, 453)
J. D. B. DeBow and his " Commercial Review " (VII, 455)
Eleazar Phillips and the "South Carolina Journal" (VII,
470)
Other editors and papers (VII, 475-477)
II. EDUCATION
Progress of Education
Early interest in education (X, 186)
Education before the War (X, 201)
Technical education (X, 355)
Beginnings of public school system (X, 202)
Work of superintendent of schools (X, 399)
Growth of public schools (II, 119)
Legislative aid of schools (X, 187)
Scholarships (X, 301)
Colleges and Universities
Early colleges (X, 201)
Colleges and universities (X, 255)
Medical colleges (X, 305)
Theological seminaries (X, 312)
Denominational colleges (II, 120)
Female colleges (II, 121)
South Carolina College (II, 50; VII, 301; X, 201)
South Carolina Military Academy (X, 246)
University of South Carolina (VI, 548; X, 220, 244)
III. THE PROFESSIONS
Educators and Scientists
St. James Cummings (VII, 132)
John Bell Henneman (VII, 134)
Edward S. Joynes (VII, 139)
Charles W. Bain (VII, 142)
James Wallace (VII, 207)
R. N. Brackett (VII, 228)
J. Lawrence Smith (VII, 224)
Charles U. Shepard (VII, 231)
Henry W. Ravenel (VII, 249)
Michael Tuomey (VII, 254)
Joseph Le Conte (VII, 254, 259, 265)
Thomas Cooper (VII, 263)
John Berry Gorman (VII, 264)
James M. Baldwin (VII, 267)
Lawyers
Lawyers in early days (X, 201)
William Smith (II, 66)
Hugh Swinton Legare (VII, 330; and see Index)
John C. Calhoun (VII, 331; and see Index)
James M. Walker (VII, 331)
Christopher G. Tiedeman (VII, 33(5)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 367
Robert B. Rhett (II, 76, 80; V, 572; XII, 342)
Robert B. Barnwell (XI, 46)
Charles C. Pinckney (XII, 287)
Robert Y. Hayne (XI, 465; and see Index)
Physicians
William Bull (VII, 357)
Lionel Chambers (VII, 357)
John Lining (VII, 357)
Alexander Garden (VII, 357)
James Moultrie (VII, 357)
Alexander Barren (VII, 358)
David Ramsay (VII, 358)
Samuel Wilson (VII, 358)
David Oliphant (VII, 358)
J. L. E. W. Shecut (VII, 363)
Marion Sims (VII, 366)
Norwood (VII, 367)
Clergymen
James Petigru Boyce (X, 515, 516)
Richard Fuller (X, 515, 517)
James Henley Thornwell (X, 520)
Benjamin Morgan Palmer (X, 521)
Painters and Sculptors
Washington Allston (X, 679; XI, 11)
John Blake White (X, 680; XII, 549)
Rufus F. Zogbaum (XII, 585)
Charles Fraser (X, 680)
Edward L. Henry (X, 680)
J. Beaufain Irving (X, 680)
Louis R. Mignot (X, 680)
Amory C. Simons (X, 686)
SOCIAL LIFE
I. SOCIAL CONDITIONS
Racial Influences
The Huguenots (X, 44, 120)
English influence (X, 48)
French expeditions (X, 118)
Spanish expeditions (X, 127)
Germans (X, 139)
Jews (X, 152)
Indians (X, 158)
Negroes (V, 111)
Lack of immigration (II, 104)
Manners and Customs
Exclusive circles of first families (X, 26)
Ambulatory school (X, 29)
Colonial settlements (X, 100)
Centers of social activity (X, 109)
Early life (II, 24)
Cosmopolitan character of people (X, 103)
368 SOUTH CAROLINA
Double aristocracy (V, 17)
Marriage and divorce laws (II, 104)
Mill villages (II, 103)
New social conditions (II, 102)
Two farming classes (II, 44)
Culture and Social Uplift
First musical association (II, 25)
First public library (II, 25)
Care of indigent slaves (X, 598)
Prohibition movement (II, 104)
Child labor problem (X, 585)
Settlement work (X, 616)
South Carolina Hospital Aid Association (X, 625)
Libraries (X, 190)
Negro Problem
Proportion of negroes (II, 43)
Attitude toward slaves (II, 46)
Slave revolts (II, 48; IV, 235)
Free negroes (II, 102)
Towns and Cities
First settlers (II, 2; V, 16)
Port Royal (II, 3)
Charles Town (Charleston) founded (II, 7; also see Index)
Camden (II, 42)
Columbia (II, 53)
Other towns (II, 42)
Cities the center of social life (V, 17; X, 109)
Growth of towns (II, 103)
III. RELIGION
Religious Influences
Church of England established (II, 21)
Attitude of Church toward the Revolution (X, 444)
Early religious life (II, 20)
The Huguenots (X, 44, 120)
Jewish influence (X, 152)
Theological seminaries (X, 312)
Denominational Growth
Presbyterian Church (X, 223)
Baptist Church (X, 226)
Methodist Church (X, 226)
Roman Catholic Church (X, 537)
IV. PUBLIC SERVICE
Governors
List of governors (III, 475)
James L. Orr (II, 96)
Wade Hampton (II, 102)
Other Statesmen
Charles Pinckney (II, 26, 37)
Henry Middleton (II, 36, 62)
Henry Laurens (II, 36)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 369
Thomas Pinckney (II, 61)
Charles C. Pinckney (II, 37, 62)
John Rutledge (II, 36, 37, 43)
Pierce Butler (II, 37)
Waddy Thompson (II, 62)
F. W. Pickens (II, 62)
John C. Calhoun (II, 63 et seq.)
Hugh S. Legare (II, 69 et seq.)
Robert Y. Hayne (II, 67, 76 et seq.)
Robert B. Rhett (II, 70)
James Chestnut, Jr. (XI, 191)
Benjamin R. Tillman (II, 115, 121)
Also see Biographies of above
Soldiers
William Moultrie (II, 31)
Francis Marion (II, 34; XII, 159)
Andrew Pickens (II, 34; XII, 278)
John Laurens (II, 37)
Thomas Sumter (II, 33; XII, 430)
Officers in the Revolution (II, 38)
Charles C. Pinckney (II, 40; and see Index)
Wade Hampton (II, 85, 87; XI, 465)
Barnard E. Bee (II, 87)
Other Confederate officers (II, 87)
Robert H. Anderson (I, 291; II, 52, 81; XI, 13)
Joseph B. Kershaw (XII, 36)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
When and by whom was Port Royal founded? (II, 3)
Who were the English Lords Proprietors? (II, 6)
For whom was the colony named? (II, 7)
In what year was Charleston founded? (II, 8)
What was the first plan of government? (II, 9)
In what year was a French and Spanish expedition sent
against Charleston? (II, 11)
What were the relations between the settlers of North Caro-
lina and South Carolina? (II, 14)
What were the chief crops in early days? (II, 17)
What nationalities were represented in settlements of the
interior? (II, 18-19)
What church was formally established? (II, 21)
When was the first newspaper printed? (II, 25)
How was the Stamp Act received in Charleston? (II, 27-8)
What was South Carolina's part in the Revolution? (II,
29-35)
What was the free negro plot? (II, 48)
When was the first Arkwright mill set up? (II, 50)
What was the Santee Canal project?. (II, 55-6)
24
370 SOUTH CAROLINA
When was the first railroad built? (II, 58)
What was the outcome of the State Bank? (II, 59)
What was the state's share in the War of Secession? (II,
81-93)
Who may be regarded as the pioneer of modern manufactur-
ing in the state? (II, 51)
How does South Carolina rank in cotton manufacturing? (II,
107)
What is the leading industry? (II, 108)
What was the Pinckney Plan? (IV, 119)
When and how was rice first introduced into the state? (V,
169)
When was the first bank established? (V, 462)
What is the extent of the commerce passing through the
port of Charleston? (VI, 353)
What famous early painter has the state produced? (X, 679)
Who was the state's greatest novelist? (VIII, xxiv, 69)
What poets were from South Carolina? (VII, 11, 17, 20, 21,
22)
Trace the rise of early journalism (VII, 416 et seq.)
Give an outline of the educational progress (II, 119 ; X, 186,
201)
What educators and scientists have come from this state?
(VII, 132 et seq.)
What famous lawyers? (X, 201)
What famous physicians? (VII, 357 et seq.)
What soldiers were prominent in the Revolution? (II, 31-38)
In the War of Secession? (II, 85-87)
TENNESSEE
Tennessee is the sixteenth state in order of admission, and is
noted geographically for the number of states it borders. On
the north are Kentucky and Virginia; on the east North
Carolina; on the south Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi;
and on the west Arkansas and Missouri. In shape it is like
a sled, the extreme length east to west being 432 miles, and
the extreme breadth 109 miles. The total area is 42,022 square
miles, of which 335 square miles is water. The state is divided
into three parts : East Tennessee a valley lying between parallel
mountain ranges ; Middle Tennessee being a central geological
basin; and West Tennessee being a part of the Mississippi
Valley proper. This results in a wide diversity of climate and
products, the mountain section being rich in minerals such as
coal, copper, iron and marble; and the agricultural products
of the whole state being extensive. Manufactures are also im-
portant, textiles, iron, lumber and tobacco being especially note-
worthy. The population, according to the 1910 census, was
2,184,789, of whom 1,711,433 were white.
GENERAL HISTORY
COLONIAL AND TERRITORIAL PERIOD (1682-1796)
Early Explorations
Indians (II, 462)
De Soto, the first explorer (II, 463)
A part of Virginia (II, 463)
La Salle's voyage (II, 463)
Early Settlements
First house (II, 463)
. French and Spanish claims (II, 463)
Queen Elizabeth's grant (II, 463)
Fort Loudon (II, 464)
A part of North Carolina (II, 464)
English pioneers (II, 464 et seq.)
Wautauga Association (II, 466)
James Robertson (II, 466)
Washington District and the Revolution
Organization of Washington District (II, 467)
Outbreak of the Revolution (II, 467)
Fort Wautauga (II, 468)
Sevier and Robertson in the War (II, 468)
Cumberland settlement in Middle Tennessee (II, 469-470)
John Sevier and his work (II, 471 et seq.)
Battle of King's Mountain (II, 472)
Indian troubles (II, 473)
371
372 TENNESSEE
The State of Franklin
Cession of territpry by North Carolina (II, 474)
Anomalous position in 1784 (II, 474-475)
Constitutional convention (II, 474)
Government of new state (II, 475)
Failure of government (II, 476)
The Territory of Tennessee
Cumberland colony (II, 477)
Formation of territory (II, 477)
Governor Blount (II, 477-478)
Internal conditions in 1796 (II, 479)
II. FEDERAL PERIOD (1796-1861)
Admission Into Union
Federalist opposition (II, 478-481)
Steps to statehood (II, 480)
Constitutional convention of 1796 (II, 480)
Population (II, 480)
Admission (II, 481)
Early Government
John Sevier the first governor (II, 481 et seq.)
Andrew Jackson's entrance into politics (II, 482)
C9nstitution of 1796 (II, 483)
Disposal of public lands (II, 484)
Uniform taxation (II, 484)
Freedom of religious belief (II, 485)
Governors Roane and Blount (II, 485-486)
External and Internal Affairs
The War of 1812 (II, 486)
Jackson's campaign against the Indians (II, 487)
Campaign into Florida (II, 487)
Battle of New Orleans (II, 487)
Settlement of West Tennessee (II, 488)
Financial distress (II, 489)
Reforms under Governor Carroll (II, 489)
Houston's administration (II, 490)
Education (II, 491)
National Influence
Dominance between 1830 and 1850 (II, 491)
Jackson's presidential campaigns (II, 491)
His wide influence (II, 492)
Other noted statesmen (II, 492-3)
Political Questions
Constitution of 1834 (II, 493)
Party politics 1834-1839 (II, 494-5)
Polk-Cannon debate (II, 499)
Polk elected president (II, 500)
Domestic Progress
First wagon road financed by a lottery (II, 496)
Board of internal improvements (II, 496)
Railroads and turnpikes (II, 496)
Financing of railroads (II, 497)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 373
Turnpike companies (II, 498)
First railroads (II, 498)
Industrial growth (II, 502)
Slavery and Secession
Annexation of Texas (II, 500)
Opposition to slavery in East Tennessee (II, 501)
Division over slavery (II, 501)
Attitude toward secession (II, 503)
III. WAR PERIOD (1861-1865)
Secession Accomplished
Jackson's view (II, 503)
Tennessee conservatism (II, 503-505)
Isham G. Harris, a Southern man (II, 504)
Andrew Johnson, a Union man (II, 504)
Election of Lincoln (II, 504)
Division over secession (II, 505-506)
Ordinance of secession (II, 507)
East Tennessee, Union in sentiment (II, 508)
Greeneville convention (II, 509)
Tennessee a member of the Confederacy (II, 509 et seq.)
Participation in the War
Strategical position of the state (II, 510)
Outbreak of hostilities (II, 511)
Operations in the state (II, 511-516)
Contributions to both armies (II, 517, 523, 524)
Civil Government
Harris reflected governor (II, 517)
Suspension of civil government (II, 517-518)
Johnson appointed military governor (II, 518)
IV. RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD (1865-1870)
Steps Toward Restoration
Lincoln's plan of 1863 (II, 518, 524)
Johnson's proclamation (II, 519, 525)
Amendments to constitution (II, 520-521, 525)
Tennessee's action in regard to emancipation (II, 521-522)
Brownlow's Administration
William G. Brownlow elected governor (II, 522, 526)
His character (II, 526)
First activities (II, 526-7)
Readmission of the state (II, 528)
Brownlow's militia (II, 529-530)
The Ku Klux Klan (II, 530-533)
Struggle for State Control
Franchise restrictions (II, 534-536)
Senter's administration (II, 537)
Democratic control (II, 537)
Military rule again threatened (II, 538)
Constitution of 1870 (II, 539)
374 TENNESSEE
V. MODERN PERIOD (1870-1910)
Political and Financial Affairs
The three constitutions (II, 540-541)
The state debt (II, 541-544)
Republican victory of 1880 (II, 543)
Bate's election (II, 543)
State bonds (II, 543)
Redemption of bonds (II, 544)
Recent Progress and Resources
Education (II, 544-546)
Colleges and universities (II, 544-545)
Education of negroes (II, 545)
Public schools (545-546)
Industrial advance (II, 546-7)
Manufactures (II, 547)
Minerals (II, 547)
Agriculture (II, 547)
Cities (II, 548)
POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
Colonial and Territorial Relations
English and French claims (II, 463)
Tennessee a part of Virginia (II, 463)
A part of North Carolina (II, 464)
Wautauga Association (II, 466)
Washington District (II, 467)
The state of Franklin (II, 473)
The Territory of Tennessee (II, 477)
Interstate Relations
Relations with Virginia (IV, 140)
Relations with Kentucky (IV, 142)
Relations with Georgia (IV, 147)
Relations with Mississippi (IV, 147)
Relations with North Carolina (IV, 156)
The Memphis Convention (IV, 179)
Early State Questions
Constitution of 1796 (II, 480, 483)
First General Assembly (II, 481)
Admission into Union (II, 481)
Disposal of public lands (II, 484)
Constitution of 1834 (II, 493)
Political Parties and Leaders
John Sevier, the first governor (II, 481-482)
Andrew Jackson (II, 482 et seq.)
Governmental reforms under Carroll (II, 489-491)
State prominence in national affairs (II, 491-493)
James K. Polk (II, 492 et seq.)
Andrew Johnson (II, 492 et seq.)
Other leaders (II, 492)
Whig Party (II, 492 et seq.)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 375
Secession Movement
Rise of slavery question (II, 500)
Attitude toward secession (II, 503 et seq.)
Division among leaders (II, 504)
Trend to secession (II, 505)
Ordinance of secession (II, 507-508)
" Declaration of Grievances " (II, 509)
II. SINCE THE WAR
Reconstruction Measures
Lincoln's policy (II, 518)
Two Unionist factions (II, 519)
Emancipation (II, 521-522)
Military control (II, 524)
Brownlow's radicalism (II, 526)
Brownlow's militia (II, 529)
The Ku Klux Klan (II, 530)
Political Parties and Leaders
Isham G. Harris (II, 504 et seq.)
Andrew Johnson (II, 504 et seq.)
Democratic Party (II, 537 et seq.)
Constitution of 1870 (II, 539)
John C. Brown (II, 539)
Negro suffrage (II, 540)
William B. Bate (II, 543)
.Republican Party (II, 543)
ECONOMIC HISTORY
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
General Conditions
Aboriginal inhabitants (II, 462-463)
Early settlers (II, 463 et seq.)
Early population (II, 478)
Board of internal improvements (II, 496)
Negro population (V, 111)
Disposal of public lands (II, 484)
Resources (II, 502)
Early industrial development (X, 24)
Agriculture and Live Stock
Tobacco crops (II, 502; V, 165)
Rice culture (V, 171)
Corn (V, 216)
Other cereals (II, 502; V, 221)
Horses (V, 242)
Other live stock (V, 252)
Mining
Coal and marble (II, 502)
Coal (V, 294)
Gold (V, 281)
Copper (V, 283)
Iron (V, 285, 286)
Lead (V, 287)
376 TENNESSEE
Manufactures
Water power (V, 322)
Cotton mills (V, 329)
Statistics (V, 331)
Blast furnaces (V, 333)
Transportation and Communication
First wagon road (II, 496)
Railway encouragement (II, 496 et seq.)
Turnpikes (II, 498)
Plans for canals (II, 498)
First railroads (II, 498-499)
See Transportation and Communication (V, 336 et seq.)
Finances and Banking
Financial distress in 1821 (II, 489)
School funds (II, 491)
First state bonds (II, 491)
Taxation (II, 494)
Railway bonds (II, 497)
Banking (V, 462)
Finances (V, 543)
Wealth (V, 630)
II. SINCE THE WAR
General Conditions
Value of products reduced by the War (II, 547)
Variety of resources and industries (II, 547)
Number of cities (II, 548)
Farm lands (VI, 17, 25)
Fisheries (VI, 158)
Agriculture and Live Stock
Farm products after the War (II, 547)
Varieties of soil and crops (II, 547)
Forest wealth (II, 547)
Tobacco crop (VI, 67)
Cereals (VI, 112)
Live stock (VI, 135)
Mining
Mineral resources (II, 547)
Value of phosphate (II, 547)
Discovery of phosphate (VI, 213)
Cement (VI, 203)
Iron (VI, 179, 227 et seq.)
Coal (VI, 179 et seq.)
Petroleum (VI, 187 et seq.)
Quarrying (VI, 199)
Marble (VI, 200 et seq.)
Gold (VI, 217)
Copper (VI, 219)
Silver (VI, 218)
Other minerals (VI, 233 et seq.)
Manufactures
Rank in manufactures (II, 547)
Blast furnaces (VI, 227, 273)
Statistics (VI, 263, 303)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 377
Transportation and Communication
Mississippi river (II, 548)
Water and water power (II, 561)
See Transportation and Communication (VI, 305 et seq.)
Finances and Banking
War debt (II, 541-543)
Settlement of state debt (II, 544)
School appropriations (II, 545-546)
Wealth (VI, 392, 619)
Banking (VI, 429)
Finances (VI, 512)
INTELLECTUAL LIFE
I. LITERATURE
Poets and Poetry
" Little Giffen of Tennessee " (VII, 20)
William T. Hale (XI, 432)
Folk-Lore
Murfree and the mountain life (VII, 58)
Indian legends (VII, 62)
Humor and Humorists
Joe C. Guild's " Old Times in Tennessee " (VII, 72)
George Washington Harris (VII, 81-82; XI, 449)
" Sut Lovingood Yarns " (VII, 82)
David Crockett (VII, 72, 73; XI, 241)
Albert Roberts (VH, 72)
Historical Work
Joshua W. Caldwell's " Constitutional History of Tennes-
see " (II, 484, 541)
David Crockett's " Life of Martin Van Buren " (II, 495)
Haywood's early history (VII, 104)
George F. Mellen (VII, 104)
Other writers (VII, 104)
Temple's work on the Scotch-Irish (VII, 112)
Novelists
Mary Noailles Murfree (" Charles Egbert Craddock ")
(VII, 290; VIII, xlix, 278; XII, 222)
Virginia Frazer Boyle (XI, 109)
Frances Hodgson Burnett (XI, 144)
Will Allen Dromgoole (XI, 296)
Sarah Barnwell Elliott (XI, 317)
Other Writings
" Memory," by J. K. P. Sayler (VII, 265)
Editors and Periodicals
"The Knoxville Gazette," the first paper (VII, 422, 470)
George Roulstone (VII, 470)
Other newspapers and dates of founding (VII, 426)
Emancipation newspapers (II, 501)
Brownlow and his "Knoxville Whig'' (II, 526; VII, 480)
The " Sewanee Review " (VII, 466)
378 TENNESSEE
William P. Trent (VII, 466-467)
John Bell Henneman (VII, 467)
William G. Hunt and the " Nashville Bannei " (VII, 476)
Jeremiah G. Harris and the ''Nashville Union" (VII, 476,
480)
Allen A. Hall and the " Nashville Banner " (VII, 480)
Memphis editors and papers (VII, 480-481)
II. EDUCATION
Progress of Education
First land set aside for schools (II, 484)
Common school system inaugurated (II, 490)
History of education (II, 544-546)
Education of negroes (II, 545)
Public school law (II, 545)
Appropriations (II, 545-6)
Percentage of illiteracy (II, 546)
Nashville an educational center of the South (II, 545)
Colleges and Universities
Rise of colleges (X, 204)
University of Tennessee (II. 545; X, 224. 243)
University of the South, Sewanee (II, 545; X, 231, 252)
Vanderbilt University (II, 544; VII, 170-172; X, 231)
Spread of university movement (X, 255)
Medical colleges (X, 306)
Theological seminaries (X, 312)
Large number of higher institutions (II, 544-545)
Colleges for negroes (II. 545)
III. THE PROFESSIONS
Educators and Scientists
W. M. Baskervill (VII, 71, 129)
William P. Trent (VII, 130 et seq.)
John Bell Henneman (VII, 134, 294)
W. R. Webb (VII, 170)
F. D. Allen (VII, 155)
Wiggins (VII, 156)
H. C. Tolman (VII, 156)
Gerard Froost (VII, 223)
William L. Dudley (VII, 229)
M. W. Humphreys (VII, 155)
Charles W. Dabney (XI, 248)
J. H. Kirkland (VII, 15)
Charles E. Waite (VII, 231)
Charles A. Perkins (VII, 236)
James M. Safford (VII, 254)
J. C. Branner (VII, 256)
Charles W. Kent (VII, 121)
Lawyers
Augustus H. Garland (VII, 335)
John Haywood (VII, 344)
W. C. C. Claiborne (VII, 344)
William Cocke (VII, 344)
O. H. P. Nicholson (II, 539; VII, 346)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 379
John Bell (II, 492; VII, 346; XI, 66)
Isham G. Harris (VII, 346; XI, 450)
James K. Polk (VII, 351)
Joshua W. Caldwell (II, 484; VII, 354)
Felix Grundy (II, 492)
John Catron (II, 492)
Clergymen
Samuel Houston (II, 474)
James McGready (II, 485)
William G. Brownlow (VII, 480)
SOCIAL LIFE
I. RELIGION
Religious Influences
Early religious bodies (II, 485)
Religious draft for early constitution (II, 474)
Scotch-Irish influence (X, 44, 241)
Theological seminaries (X, 312)
Denominational schools (II, 545)
Denominational Growth
Presbyterian Church (II, 485; X, 223)
Baptist Church (II, 485; X, 223)
Episcopalian Church (II, 485; X, 231)
Methodist Church (II, 485; X, 231)
.Roman Catholic Church (II, 485; X, 537)
Other denominations (II, 485)
II. SOCIAL CONDITIONS
Racial Influences
Indians (II, 462-463; X, 158)
Rival claims of English, French and Spanish (II, 463)
English colonists (II, 465)
Scotch-Irish influence (X, 44, 241)
Character of early settlers (X, 105)
Germans (X, 139)
Negroes (V, 111)
Manners and Customs
Mountain life (X, 39)
Early settlers (X, 105)
Pioneer life (II, 465 et seq.)
Religious training (II, 485)
The Negro Problem
Negro population (V, 111)
Slavery a political issue (II, 500)
Abolition of slavery (II, 522)
Negro military control (II, 530)
Negro suffrage (II, 540)
Education of negroes (II, 545)
Social Uplift
Child labor problem (X, 585)
Settlement work (X, 616)
380 TENNESSEE
Towns and Cities
Fort Loudon, the first settlement (II, 464)
Knoxville, the first capital (II, 481; and see Index)
Memphis (II, 548; and see Index)
Nashville (II, 548; and see Index)
Chattanooga (II, 548; and see Index)
III. PUBLIC SERVICE
Governors
List of governors (III, 479)
John Sevier (II, 48 et seq.; XII, 382)
Archibald Roane (II, 485)
Willie Blount (II, 486)
Joseph McMinn (II, 488)
William Carroll (II, 489)
Sam Houston (II, 490)
William G. Brownlow (II. 526 et seq.; XI, 132)
Other Statesmen
James Robertson (II, 466)
Andrew Jackson (II, 482 et seq.; XI, 540)
William Blount (II, 481; XI, 94)
Hugh Lawson White (II, 492)
Felix Grundy (II, 492)
John Catron (II, 492)
John Bell (II, 492; IX, 48)
James K. Polk (II, 492, 500; XII, 299)
Andrew Johnson (II, 492 et seq.; XI, 567)
Cave Johnson (II, 493)
Isham G. Harris (II, 501 et seq.; XI, 450)
William B. Bate (II, 543 et seq.)
Foreign ambassadors (II, 493)
Soldiers
Andrew Jackson (II, 486-488)
Sam Houston (II, 487)
David Crockett (II, 488)
Tennesseans in the Mexican War (II, 500)
Felix K. Zollicoffer (II, 511; XII, 586)
Robert Armstrong (XI, 24)
Benjamin F. Cheatham (XI, 190)
.Richard S. Ewell (XI, 328)
Nathan B. Forrest (XI, 357)
Gideon J. Pillow (XII, 284)
Alexander P. Stewart (XII, 423)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Who were the first white explorers of Tennessee? (II, 463)
What was the first settlement? (II, 464)
Why did Tennessee originally belong to North Carolina?
(II, 464-5)
What was the Wautauga Association? (II, 466)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 381
Who may be called the " Father of Tennessee"? (II, 466)
What was the Cumberland settlement? (II, 466-70)
What relation did the state of Franklin bear to the Federal
Government? (II, 473-6)
Who was the first territorial governor? (II, 477)
Why was Tennessee called the " Volunteer State " ? (II, 478)
Who was the first governor of the state? (II, 481)
Where did the first general assembly convene? (II, 481)
What great leader from Tennessee took an active part in the
War of 1812? (11,486-7)
Why was it said from 1830 to 1850 that " Tennessee almost
ruled the Union "? (II, 491-3)
What Presidents did the state give the Union? (II, 492-3)
What was the state's attitude toward secession? (II, 503-9)
What was the state's strategic position during the War of
Secession? (II, 510)
What was the attitude of President Johnson, as a Tennesseean,
toward the state? (II, 524-7)
Who was Parson Brownlow? (II, 526-30)
Who founded the Ku Klux Klan? (II, 530-1)
What has been the state's progress in the last few years? (II,
541-8)
When was the greatest period of railway development? (IV,
169)
What was the Jacksonian epoch? (IV, 289)
When were the first banks established? (V, 462) The first
newspapers? (VII, 422)
What three leading universities are in the state? (X, 224,
231)
What has been the extent and nature of the Scotch-Irish in-
fluence? (X, 44)
What four women novelists have been identified with Ten-
nessee? (XI, 222, 109, 144, 296)
TEXAS
Texas is, next to Florida, the most southerly state in the
Union and also contains characteristics of western life. It is
by far the largest state, containing an area of 265,896 square
miles, of which 3,498 square miles is water. The land rises
gradually from the Gulf coast toward the western boundary,
but is generally a plain. In the southwest is a rugged, moun-
tainous country. To the south and southwest of Texas lies
Mexico, of which it was formerly a part. On the northwest
is New Mexico; north is Oklahoma; and east is Louisiana.
Texas ranks first in live stock, due to its extensive ranges.
Agricultural products, including cotton, form a large part of
its wealth, although in recent years petroleum and coal have
been increasingly developed. The census of 1910 showed a
population of 3,896,542, of whom 3,204,896 were white.
GENERAL HISTORY
I. MEXICAN PERIOD (1685-1836)
Exploration and Settlement
Original country (III, 335)
Spanish claims (III, 336)
French explorations (III, 336-7)
Settlement by Spaniards (III, 337)
The Tejas tribes (III, 338)
French occupation (III, 339)
Saint-Denis (III, 340)
New Spanish settlements (III, 341)
Method of Spanish Colonization
The Catholic missions (III, 342)
Civil settlements (III, 343)
Military features (III, 343)
San Antonio (III, 344)
Source of colonists (III, 345)
Decline of the missions (III, 345-7)
American Influence
Causes which made the United States a factor (III, 347)
The neutral ground (III, 348)
The filibusters (III, 348-351)
Internal Conditions
The slave trade (III, 351)
Lafitte, the pirate (III, 352)
Weakness of Spanish rule (III, 352)
Pioneer life (III, 356)
382
READING AND STUDY COURSES 383
American Colonization
Moses Austin's plan (III, 353, 359)
Stephen F. Austin's grant (III, 354, 359)
Conditions of immigration (III, 354-5)
Other grants (III, 355)
Manner of living (III, 356)
II. INDEPENDENT PERIOD (1836-1845)
Steps to Independence
Hayden Edwards (III, 357)
Fredonia (III, 357)
Guerrero abolishes slavery (III, 357, 360)
American efforts to purchase Texas (III, 358)
Population in 1835 (III, 360)
Revolt from Mexico
First conflicts with Mexico (III, 361)
Santa Anna (III, 361 et seq.)
Mexican troops in Texas (III, 362)
Outbreak of war (III, 363)
Massacre of the Alamo (III, 364)
Sam Houston leader of the patriot army (III, 365)
Battle of San Jacinto (III, 366)
The Republic of Texas
Houston, first president of the new Republic (III, 367
et seq.)
Attitude of United States (III, 367 et seq.)
American aid to the Revolution (III, 368)
Recognition of the Republic (III, 371-2)
Steps Toward American Annexation
Election of 1836 (III, 372)
First overtures from Texas (III, 372-3)
Foreign interest (III, 374)
First treaty (III, 376)
A political issue in the United States (III, 377)
Annexation accomplished (III, 378-80)
III. FEDERAL PERIOD (1845-1861)
Texas a State
Internal condition (III, 380-1)
Anson Jones, the retiring President (III, 382)
Folk's message on annexation (III, 383)
The Mexican War
Outbreak of hostilities (III, 384)
Zachary Taylor (III, 384)
Texans in the War (III, 385-6)
State boundary (III, 386-8)
Political and Social Affairs
Evolution of. political parties (III, 388-9)
Political contests (III, 390)
Public debt (III, 391-2)
Manner of life (III, 393)
Religious progress (III, 394)
384 TEXAS
Slavery and Secession
Attitude toward slavery (III, 395)
A political issue (III, 396)
Secession movement (III, 397 et seq.)
Houston's attitude (III, 399)
Ordinance of secession (III, 400)
IV. WAR PERIOD (1861-1865)
Contributions to the War
First muster of troops (III, 402)
Contributions in 1862 and 1863 (III, 403-4)
Blockade running across the Mexican border (III, 405)
Importance of cotton (III, 407)
Military Operations in Texas
Officers (III, 410)
Few engagements (III, 410)
Blockade of ports (III, 410-411)
Attack upon Galvestqn (III, 411)
Attempts at Federal invasion (III, 412-3)
General conditions (III, 414-6)
The "Break-Up" (III, 416)
V. MODERN PERIOD (1865-1910)
Reconstruction
Hamilton appointed provisional governor (III, 417)
State government reorganized (III, 419)
Congressional Reconstruction (III, 420 et seq.)
Radical control (III, 422)
Four years of bitterness (III, 424)
Democratic victory in 1874 (III, 425)
Industrial Development
Stock raising (III, 426-7)
Farming (III, 428-9)
Truck gardening (III, 429)
Lumber industry (III, 430)
Mineral wealth (III, 430)
Manufacturing (III, 431)
Population (III, 431-3)
Lands (III, 433-7)
Public domain (III, 435-7)
Railroads (III, 438-440)
Constitutional Government
Foundation of laws (III, 440)
Constitution of 1876 (III, 441)
Legislative and judicial departments (III, 442)
Educational System
First public schools (III, 443)
Colleges and universities (III, 444)
High schools (III, 445)
Denominational schools (III, 446)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 385
POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
Colonial Relations
Early boundaries (III, 335)
French influence (III, 336-339)
Spanish method of colonization (III, 342)
Mexican settlement and control (III, 344 et seq.)
The United States a factor (III, 347)
The Republic of Texas
Declaration of Independence (III, 365; IV, 250)
Organization of the .Republic (III, 367)
Steps toward annexation with the United States (III, 872
et seq.)
Statehood Affairs
The annexation of Texas (IV, 242; V, 65, 389)
The Mexican War (III, 383; IV, 271)
The state at the time of admission into Union (IV, 307)
Effects of annexation (I, xl; III, 378; IV, 242, 271, 307, 310;
X, 108)
Boundary disputes (III, 386)
Parties and Leaders
Rise of parties (III, 388)
Know-Nothing Party (III, 390)
Sam Houston (III, 390)
Democratic Party (III, 390)
Slavery and Secession
Burnet's proclamation on slavery (III, 395)
Slavery a political issue (III, 396)
Runnel's forewarning of secession (III, 397)
Houston and secession (III, 399)
Secession accomplished (III, 400)
II. SINCE THE WAR
Reconstruction Measures
Johnson's plan (III, 417)
Delegates not recognized by Congress (III, 420)
Congressional Reconstruction (III, 420 et seq.)
Freedmen's Bureau (III, 421)
Political struggles (III, 42B)
Democratic control (III, 425)
Constitutional Government
Basis of early laws (III, 440)
Constitution of 1876 (III, 441)
Legislative power (III, 442)
Judicial department (III, 442)
Galveston " commission plan " of city government (III, 443)
25
386 TEXAS
ECONOMIC HISTORY
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
General Conditions
Settlement by the Spaniards (III, 337 et seq.)
Indians (III, 338)
French influence (III, 339)
Methods of Spanish colonization (III, 344)
American colonization (III, 353; IV, 247)
Population in 1830 (IV, 247
Population in 1835 (III, 360)
Conditions at time of annexation (III, 380-1)
Social conditions (III, 392-3)
Original land laws (III, 354; V, 64)
Negro population (V, 111)
Explorations and surveys (V, 11)
Germans (X, 60, 144)
Agriculture
Cotton (V, 205)
Sugar cane (V, 191)
. Rice (V, 171)
Cereals (V, 221)
Live Stock
Importance of cattle industry (V, 247, 256)
Other live stock (V, 253)
Manufactures
Sugar industry (V, 191)
Statistics of manufactures (V, 331)
Transportation and Communication
Early trade (III, 360)
Ports (V, 415)
Early impetus to railroad construction (III, 394)
Finances and Banking
Public debt (III, 391)
Federal aid for debt (V, 537)
State finances (V, 537-9)
Substitute for banking (V, 470)
Taxation (V, 538)
Wealth (V, 630)
II. SINCE THE WAR
General Conditions
Farm lands (VI, 18, 25)
Growth of industries (III, 426)
.Ranches and farms (III, 427-8)
Mineral wealth (III, 430)
Population (III, 431-3)
Immigration (III, 432)
Increase in land values (III, 433)
Public domain (III, 435)
White labor (VI, 43)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 387
Land reclamation (VI, 557)
Oil companies expelled (VI, 460)
State farmers' alliance (VI, 581)
Agriculture
Importance of farming (III, 428)
Fruit culture (III, 429)
Truck gardening (III, 429)
Varied products (III, 434)
Cotton used as credit (III, 406)
Cotton crops (VI, 15, 97, 100, 102)
Rice (VI, 15, 19, 23, 74, 75, 77)
Cereals (VI, 112)
Live Stock
Importance of cattle-raising (III, 426)
Other stock (III, 426-7)
Improvement of cattle (III, 427; VI, 142)
Live stock (VI, 135)
Manufactures
Lumber industry (III, 430)
Cotton-seed oil (III, 431)
Cotton cloth (III, 431)
Growth of manufactures (VI, 253)
Water power (VI, 561)
Fisheries
Importance of fisheries (VI, 158)
Mining
Mineral resources (III, 430)
Coal (III, 430; VI, 181)
Petroleum (III, 430)
Gypsum (VI, 205)
Iron ore (VI, 225)
Metal-bearing region (VI, 216)
Salt industry (VI, 251)
Finances and Banking
Cotton used as credit (III, 406)
Debt in 1865 (V, 539)
Finances (VI, 519-522)
Guarantee of bank deposits (VI, 432)
Increase in debt (III, 425)
Wealth (VI, 392, 619)
Banking (VI, 429)
Transportation and Communication
Promotion of railroads (III, 436)
Growth of railroads (III, 438-440)
Foreign trade (VI, 363)
INTELLECTUAL AND SOCIAL LIFE
I. LITERATURE
Wit and Humor
Alexander E. Sweet (VII, 72)
Samuel A. Hammett's " Stray Yankee in Texas " (VII, 72.)
388 TEXAS
Historical Work
Garrison's " History of Texas " (VII, 103)
Yoakum and Wooten (VII, 103)
The " Quarterly " of the State Historical Society (VII, 103)
Fiction
Annie Fellows Johnston (XII, 8)
Other Writings
" Ethics," by S. E. Mayes (VII. 265)
Editors and Periodicals
'The Weekly Telegraph" (VII, 423)
'The Emigrant Guide" (VII, 423)
'Galveston News" (VII, 426)
'San Antonio Express" (VII, 426)
'Austin Statesmen" (VII, 426)
Other papers (VII, 426)
Gail Borden (VII, 471; XI, 102)
A. H. Belo (VII, 482)
Clarence Ousley (XII, 243)
II. EDUCATION
Progress of Education
Early education (III, 394)
Educational system (III, 443)
Funds for education (III, 435)
Influence of New England in education (VII, 311)
Normal and high schools (III, 445)
Denominational schools (III, 446)
Technical education (X, 355)
Colleges and Universities
Growth of colleges (X, 255)
Medical colleges (X, 306)
Theological seminaries (X, 312)
University of Texas (III, 394, 444; X, 246)
Agricultural and Mechanical College (III, 444)
Baylor University (III, 446)
III. THE PROFESSIONS
Educators and Scientists
Morgan Callaway (VII, 132)
Thomas Fitzhugh (VII, 144)
J. R. Bailey (VII, 228)
G. S. Fraps (VII, 229)
F. W. Simonds (VII, 256)
William J. Battle (XI, 59)
Samuel P. Brooks (XI, 125)
George P. Garrison (XI, 388)
Sidney E. Mezes (XII, 189)
Lawyers
Sam Houston (VII, 346)
John H. Reagan (III, 400, 401; VII, 346)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 389
Louis T. Wigfall (III, 401; VII, 346)
A. B. Norton (III, 400)
James S. Hogg (III, 438)
Physician
Greenville (VII, 367)
Sculptors
Elizabeth Ney (X, 686)
Coppini (X, 686)
SOCIAL LIFE
I. RELIGION
Religious Influences
Spanish missions (III, 342 et seq.; X, 134)
Jews (X, 155)
Theological seminaries (X, 312)
Denominational schools (III, 446)
Mission societies (III, 394)
Denominational Growth
The Baptist Church (X, 226)
Roman Catholic Church (X, 250, 537)
Christian Church (III, 446)
Presbyterian Church (III, 394, 446)
Methodist Church (III, 394, 446)
II. SOCIAL CONDITIONS
Racial Influences
Spanish control (III, 337 et seq.; X, 44)
French settlements (III, 339; X, 124)
German settlers (X, 60, 139, 144)
Jews (X, 155)
Indians (III, 338; X, 158)
American colonization (III, 353)
Negro population (V, 111)
Mexicans (III, 433)
Manners and Customs
Missions and presidios (III, 342; X, 134)
Pioneer life (III, 356)
Ranch life (III, 426-7)
End of frontier conditions (III, 446-7)
Early hardships (III, 392-3)
The Negro Problem
Slavery in the early days (III, 351)
A political issue (III, 388)
Attitude toward slavery (III, 395)
Humanity of slave laws (X, 135)
Negro population (V, 111)
Social Uplift
Child labor (X, 585)
Prohibition movement (III, 447)
390 TEXAS
Towns and Cities
First settlements (III, 343)
San Antonio founded (III, 344)
Early towns (III, 355-6)
Galveston (III, 411; IV, 168)
Dallas (III, 427)
III. PUBLIC SERVICE
Governors
List of governors (III, 483)
Henderson (III, 385)
Runnels (III, 397)
Frank R. Lubbock (III, 403)
J. W. Throckmorton (III, 400, 419)
Richard Coke (III, 425)
Other Statesmen
Moses Austin (III, 353)
Stephen F. Austin (III, 354)
Sam Houston (III, 365 et seq.; and see Index)
Mirabeau B. Lamar (III, 367)
Anson Jones (III, 367)
John H. Reagan (Illy 400, 401)
Alexander W. Terrell (XII, 447)
Soldiers
David Crockett (III, 364; XI, 241)
W. B. Travis (III, 364)
James Bowie (III, 364)
Officers in Mexican War (III, 385-6)
Earl Van Dorn (III, 410)
P. O. Hebert (III, 410)
J. B. Magruder (III, 410)
Albert Sidney Johnston (XII, 5)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What was the early history of Texas? (Ill, 335-7)
What was the first settlement? (Ill, 337)
When was Texas made a separate Spanish province? (Ill,
342)
What methods did Spain pursue in colonization? (Ill, 342-3)
In what year was San Antonio founded? (Ill, 344-5)
What share did the monks have in pioneer work? (Ill, 345-7)
Who were the filibusters? (Ill, 348-51)
What was the Austin petition? (Ill, 353-4)
What were the first towns ? (111,356)
What Mexican general was sent against Texas? (Ill, 362)
What was the story of the Alamo? (Ill, 364)
Who was elected first President of the Republic of Texas?
(Ill, 367)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 391
What was the share of the United States in Texas's struggle
for independence? (Ill, 368)
What were the circumstances surrounding the admission of
Texas into the Union? (111,372)
What was the state's attitude toward slavery? (Ill, 395)
What was the state's part in the Confederacy? (Ill, 402)
What was the chief industry of early days? (Ill, 426)
Why was Texas called the "Lone Star State"? (Ill, 367)
What has been the Baptist influence in Texas? (X, 226)
What two Tennesseeans played a prominent part in the history
of Texas? (XI, 241, 516)
What are the principal crops? (VI, 87, 112)
When were the first newspapers established? (VII, 423)
The first banks? (V, 470)
What mineral resources are becoming increasingly important?
(Ill, 430)
How does this state rank in the live stock industry? (Ill, 426 ;
V, 247, 256; VI, 135, 142)
What are the chief manufactures? (Ill, 430, 431; VI, 253)
What were the first newspapers in the state? (VII, 423-426)
Trace the progress of education (III, 394, 435, 443 ; VII, 311 ;
X, 355)
What noted soldiers and statesmen have been identified with
Texas history? (Ill, 353, 354, 364, 365, 367, 385; XII, 5)
VIRGINIA
Virginia, one of the thirteen colonies, has the distinction of
containing the first permanent English settlement on the con-
tinent. The early history is largely that of the beginnings of
the country as a whole, and the original area and northwestern
conquests gave the colony preponderating influence. The
present state has an area of 42,627 square miles, of which
2,365 square miles is water. Three great topographical regions
cross in parallel bands the Coastal Plain, the Piedmont
Plain, and the Appalachian Range. The soil is peculiarly
adapted to tobacco, corn, wheat, oats, hay and vegetables.
Live stock is important, and the state ranks second in fisheries.
Coal and iron are principal minerals. Manufactures of to-
bacco, cotton, steel and lumber products are extensive. The
population in 1910 was 2,061,612, of whom 1,389,809 were
white.
GENERAL HISTORY
I. FORMATIVE PERIOD (1584-1624)
Explorations and Settlements
Early English explorations (I, 1)
The Cabots (I, 2)
Sir Humphrey Gilbert (I, 3)
Sir Walter Raleigh's patent (I, 3)
The Roanoke Colony (I, 3-7)
The name " Virginia " (I, 4)
Raleigh's second expedition (I, 7)
Virginia Dare (I, 6, 8)
Steps to Permanent Settlement
East Indian Company (I, 8)
London Company (I, 9 et seq.)
Plymouth Company (I, 9 et seq.)
The voyage of " Susan Constant," " Godspeed," and " Dis-
covery" (I, 11)
Settlement at Jamestown (I, 11 et seq.)
Capt. John Smith (I, 12, 13)
First Years of Colony
London Company reorganized (I, 14)
Boundaries of colony (I, 15)
Colony almost abandoned (I, 15)
Sir Thomas ale (I, 16)
Marriage of Pocahontas (I, 16)
First legislative assembly (I, 17-19)
Growth of colony (I, 17)
Charter of London Company annulled (I, 19-22)
Indian troubles (I, 20)
392
READING AND STUDY COURSES 393
II. PROVINCIAL PERIOD (1624-1763)
Government of Royal Province
Attitude of English kings (I, 23)
Yeardley appointed governor (I, 24)
Claiborne's struggle with Baltimore (I, 24 et seq.)
Sir William Berkeley (I, 26 et seq.)
Effect of English Civil War (I, 26-29)
Navigation act (I, 28)
Bacon's Rebellion
Strictures of navigation act (I, 29-30)
Causes of Bacon's uprising (I, 30)
Struggles with Berkeley (I, 31)
End of the rebellion (I, 32)
Importance of the conflict (I, 33)
A New Era for the Colony
Population in 1689 (I, 34)
Suffrage laws (I, 35)
Education (I, 35)
Ability of governors (I, 36)
Extension of settlements westward (I. 37, 38, 39, 40)
Spotswood's administration (I, 36-38)
The War With France
French outposts (I, 40)
Dinwiddie's administration (I, 40 et seq.)
Washington sent against the French (I, 41)
Braddock's defeat and death (I, 42)
End of war (I, 43)
Economic and Social Life
Social conditions in 1760 (I, 44-45)
The plantation system (I, 46-50)
Two classes of labor (I, 50-52)
Proportion of criminals (I, 52-54)
Superiority of slave labor (I, 55-56)
Crops and trade (I, 57-58)
Influence of plantation life (I, 58-60)
Origin of the planting class (I, 60-62)
Social organization (I, 62)
Class distinctions (I, 62-64)
Virginians and the mother country (I. 64-65)
Home life (I, 65-68)
Diversions of the people (I, 68-72)
III. REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD (1763-1782)
Trend Toward Revolution
The Stamp Act (I, 74)
Ehities 9n glass and tea resisted (I, 75)
Opposition to the Boston Port Bill (I, 76)
Committee of Correspondence (I, 77)
Revolutionary Activities
The first convention, 1774 (I, 78-80)
Delegates to Congress chosen (I, 79)
The second convention, 1775 (I, 80)
Committee on arms (I, 81)
394 VIRGINIA
Dunmore's struggle with the Burgesses (I, 82 et seq.)
The last House of Burgesses (I, 82-84)
The third convention, 1775 (I, 85)
Delegates to Congress (I, 86)
The fourth convention, 1775 (I, 87)
The fifth convention, 1776 (I, 88)
Bill of Rights and Constitution (I, 89)
Virginia in the Revolution
Troops contributed (I, 90-91)
Officers (I, 92-93)
Military operations (I. 94-97)
Naval operations (I, 97-99)
Conquest of the Northwest Territory (I. 99-100)
Cession of territory to the United States (I, 101)
IV. FEDERAL PERIOD (1782-1861)
Share in Federal Constitution
Virginia's leadership (I, 102)
Washington and Madison (I, 102, 103)
Opposition of Henry and others (I, 103)
Ratification of the Constitution (I, 103-104)
Early Statehood Affairs
Separation of Kentucky (I, 102)
Resolutions of 1798-1799 (I, 104-105)
Internal improvements (I, 106)
State debt (I, 106-107)
State sectionalism (I, 107-109)
Slavery and Secession
Early attitude toward slavery (I, 110)
Nat Turner's insurrection (I, 110)
Slavery a political issue (I, 110)
First stand against secession (I, 111)
How the ordinance of secession was passed (I, 112)
V. WAR PERIOD (1861-1865)
Attitude Toward Union
Attachment to Union (I, 113)
CaUses of secession (I, 114 et seq.)
State sovereignty (I, 117)
Lincoln's call for troops refused (I, 118)
Share in the War
Virginia's army (I, 119 et seq.)
Lee, commander-in-chief (I, 119-120)
Contribution to the South (I, 121)
Battles in the state (I, 122)
Generals (I, 122-123)
Naval operations (I, 123-124)
Civil government (I, 124)
Fall of Richmond (I, 125)
Loss caused by War (I, 125)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 395
VI. MODERN PERIOD (1865-1910)
Reconstruction Measures
Two rival governments (I, 127)
Johnson's plan of restoration (I, 127)
Reorganization of government (I, 128)
Congressional refusal to recognize state (I, 129)
A military district (I, 130)
Carpet-bag and negro rule (I, 130)
Restoration in 1870 (I, 132)
Financial History
Growth of state debt (I, 133)
West Virginia's share of debt contested (I, 133)
Political Conditions
Reconstruction acts (I, 135)
Negro suffrage (I, 136)
Education
Public school system (I, 137)
Old Field Schools (I, 138)
Growth of free school idea (I, 139)
Education of negroes (I, 139)
Higher education (I, 140)
Industrial Progress
Condition at close of War (I, 141)
Jamestown Exposition (I, 141)
Market-gardening (I, 142)
Abundance of resources (I, 142)
Railroads and manufactures (I, 142-143)
Shipyards (I, 143)
Coal deposits (I, 143)
Industrial outlook (I, 144)
Contrast of old and new conditions (I, 144-148)
POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
Colonial Beginnings
The Roanoke Colony (I, 3)
The London Company charter (I, 9)
The Plymouth Company (I, 9)
The London Company reorganized (I, 14)
First legislative assembly (I, 17)
Charter of London Company annulled (I, 19)
First settlements (IV, 2)
Internal and External Relations
Yeardley's administration (I, 24)
Relations with Maryland (IV, 5)
Claiborne's struggle with Lord Baltimore (I, 24 et seq.)
Berkeley's administration (I, 26)
Effect of English Civil War (I, 26-29)
Relations with the Carolinas (IV, 10)
Navigation act (I, 28)
396 VIRGINIA
Suffrage laws (I, 35)
Early governors (I, 36)
Spotswood's administration (I, 36-38)
Revolutionary Activities
Trend Toward Revolution (I, 74 et seq.)
Virginia Resolutions (IV, 46, 451)
Resolves of 1769 (IV, 54)
The first convention, 1774 (I, 78-80)
The second convention, 1775 (I, 80)
The third convention, 1775 (I, 85)
The fourth convention, 1775 (I, 87)
The fifth convention, 1776 (I, 88)
Bill of Rights (I, 89; IV, 72)
First constitution (I, 89)
Share in Formation of Union
Cession of Northwest Territory (I, 101)
Influence in Constitutional Convention (I, 102 et seq.; IV,
108 et seq.)
The Virginia plan (IV, 117)
Virginia-Maryland controversy (IV, 108 et. seq.)
Interstate Relations
Relations with Tennessee (IV, 140)
Relations with West Virginia (I, 133; IV, 143; also see
West Virginia)
Territorial acquisitions (IV, 301)
Separation of Kentucky (I, 102; also see Kentucky)
Resolutions of 1798-1799 (I, 104-105)
Slavery and Secession
Early attitude toward slavery (I, 110)
Nat Turner's insurrection (I, 110)
John Brown's raid (I, 202, 263; IX, 324)
Slavery a political issue (I, 110)
Attitude toward secession (I, 111, 112, 113)
Causes of secession (I, 114 et seq.)
II. SINCE THE WAR
Reconstruction Measures
Two rival governments (I, 127)
Johnson's plan (I, 127)
Government reorganized but denied recognition (I, 128-129)
Military control (I, 130)
Carpet-bag and negro rule (I, 130, 136)
Freedmen's Bureau (I, 130)
Union League (I, 131)
.Reconstruction acts (I, 135)
End of Reconstruction (I, 132)
Political Parties and Leaders
Election of 1865 (I, 128)
F. H. Pierpont (I, 127-128)
Parties after the War (I, 128)
Gilbert C. Walker (I, 132)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 397
State Constitutions
Convention of 1865 (I, 129)
Constitution of 1869 (I, 132)
Constitution of 1901 (I, 133)
ECONOMIC HISTORY
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
General Conditions
Early settlements and grants (I, 8 et seq.)
Land patents (V, 45, 46)
Land exploitation (V, 35)
Private ownership (V, 44)
Labor conditions (V, 87, 94)
Two classes of labor (I, 50)
Slave labor (I, 55; V, 659)
Negro population (V, 111; X, 80)
Abolition of slavery favored (I, 110; X, 89)
The colonial planter (I, 60; X, 85)
Distribution of public lands (I, 48; X, 90)
Early internal improvements (I, 106; V, 5)
The plantation system (I, 46 et seq.)
Proportion of criminals (I, 52)
Penal servitude (V, 130)
First public surveyor (V, 46)
Agriculture
Hemp and flax (V, 230, 233)
Introduction of rice (V, 169)
State Agricultural Society (V, 82)
Tobacco (V, 14, 152, 158 et seq.; X, 80)
Vegetables and fruits (I, 67; V, 237)
First crops (I, 57)
Cotton (V, 197, 216)
Cereals (V, 221)
Peanuts (V, 239)
Live Stock
Importation of cattle (V, 246)
Importation of sheep (V, 247)
Sheep industry (V, 249)
Abundance of stock and game (I, 67)
Horses (V, 243)
Statistics of live stock (V, 252)
Fisheries
Fisheries industry (V, 268)
Oysters (V, 273)
Mining
Coal (V, 291)
Copper (V, 281, 282)
Geological surveys (V, 555)
Gold (V, 279)
Iron (V, 284, 285, 305)
Lead (V, 286, 287)
Salt (V, 295)
398 VIRGINIA
Manufactures
Cotton factories (V, 329)
Burning of first American brick (X, 698)
Iron industry (V, 284, 285, 305)
Tobacco manufacture (V, 261)
Spinning and weaving (V, 248)
Statistics (V, 331)
Transportation and Communication
Early trade (I, 45)
First road laws (V, 343)
Navigation laws (I, 28; IX, 3)
Ports (V, 412)
Roads, bridges and canals (I, 106)
Early railroads (I, 106)
See Transportation and Communication (V, 336 et seq.)
Finances and Banking
Banking (V, 463)
State debt (I, 106; 542)
Financial exhaustion (V, 540)
Loan to Federal Government (V, 540)
Confederate currency (V, 541)
Financial review (V, 540-543)
Taxation (V, 541)
Wealth (V, 630)
II. SINCE THE WAR
General Conditions
Conditions at close of War (I, 133, 134, 141)
Loss caused by separation of West Virginia (I, 133)
Passing of old regime (X, 95)
Growth of new industries (I, 141)
Jamestown Exposition (I, 141)
Abundance of resources (I, 142)
Contrast of old and new conditions (I, 144-148)
Farm lands (VI, 17, 25)
Agriculture
Market gardening (I, 142)
Tobacco (V, 658; VI, 67)
Cereals (VI, 112)
Live Stock
Blooded horses (VI, 139-140)
Cattle (VI, 142)
Other stock (VI, 146 et seq.)
Mining
Mineral resources (I, 142)
Coal (I, 143-144; VI, 175)
Coke (VI, 183)
Gold (VI, 217)
Iron ores (VI, 223, 224)
Manganese (VI, 230)
Salt (VI, 249)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 399
Manufactures
New manufactures (I, 143)
Shipyards (I, 143)
Iron industry (I, 144; VI, 273)
Lumber products (I, 144)
Statistics (VI, 253 et seq.)
Water power (VI, 561)
Fisheries
Importance of fisheries (VI, 159)
Transportation and Communication
Neglect of canals (I, 142)
Railroad growth (I, 142)
Port of Norfolk (I, 143)
Foreign trade (VI, 353)
Finances and Banking
The state debt (I, 133)
Settlement, of debt (VI, 529)
West Virginia's share of debt (I, 134, 409; VI, 530)
Educational fund (I, 137)
Revival of prosperity (VI, 530)
Financial review (VI, 528-532)
Wealth (VI, 392, 619)
Banking (VI, 429)
INTELLECTUAL LIFE
I. LITERATURE
Poets and Poetry
" Newes from Virginia" (VII, 1)
George Sandys (VII, 1)
Bacon's Rebellion (VII, 2)
"Hearts of Oak" (VII, 3)
"The Belles of Williamsburg " (VII, 5)
William Maxwell (VII, 11)
Richard Dabney (VII, 11, 12)
Philip Pendleton Cooke (VII, 16)
James Barren Hope (VII, 18)
John R. Thompson (VII, 18)
Francis O. Ticknor (VII, 20)
Edgar Allan Poe (VII, 23 et seq.)
Abram Joseph Ryan (VII, 37)
William Gordon McCabe (VII, 30)
Folk-Lore
Pioneer legends (VII, 55)
Mountain lore (VII, 60)
Negro and Indian myths (VII, 64-65)
Wit and Humor
Joseph G. Baldwin (VII, 79)
George W. Bagby (VII, 84)
William Byrd (VII, 73)
400 VIRGINIA
Historical Work
Capt. John Smith (VII, 89)
Jefferson's " Notes on Virginia " (VII, 180)
Harriott's " Brief and True Account " (VII, 240)
Robert Beverly (VII, 91, 94)
Hugh Jones (VII, 92)
Other early writers (VII, 92)
Stith's " Virginia " (VII, 94)
Burk's history (VII, 99)
Alexander Brown (VII, 99-100)
Woodrow Wilson (VII, 114)
Biographies
Marshall's " Life of Washington " (VII, 97)
Lives of War leaders (VII, 108)
Writers of Fiction
Edgar Allan Poe (VIII, xi; and see Index)
John Esten Cooke (VIII, xxxix, 159; XI, 226)
Mary Johnston (VII, 292; VIII, xlix, 380; XII, 13)
Ellen Glasgow (VII, 292; VIII, xlix, Ixiii, 359; XI, 407)
Thomas Nelson Page (VII, 290; VIII, xlix, 316; XII, 248)
Amelie Rives Chanler' (VII, 291; XI, 187)
Constance Gary (Mrs. Burton) Harrison (VII, 292; VIII,
409; XI, 453)
Julia Magruder (XII, 152)
Molly Elliott Seawell (XII, 375)
Mary V. H. Terhune ("Marian Harland ") (XII, 446)
Scientific Writings
Venable's Geometry (VII, 210)
"Annals of Mathematics" (VII, 211, 213)
Hassler's Geometry (VII, 203)
Jones's " Accidence to the Mathematick," etc. (VII, 202)
Crozet's Arithmetic (VII, 201)
Maury's writings (VII, 233)
Stevens's writings (VII, 237)
Harriott's " Brief and True Report of Virginia " (VII, 240)
C.ayton's "Flora Virginica" (VII, 242)
Writings on Natural History (VII, 242 et seq.)
Jefferson's "Notes on Virginia" (VII, 244)
Legal Writings
See references to Lawyers
Editors and Periodicals
John Parks and "The Virginia Gazette" (VII, 414-5)
William Hunter and "The Gazette" (VII, 415)
Other early papers ,VII, 415)
"The Richmond Enquirer" (VII, 424)
Other Richmond and Virginia papers (VII, 425, 426, 430)
"Southern Literary Messenger" (VII, 437 et seq.)
Edgar Allan Poe (VII, 439 et seq.)
Other contributors to the "Messenger" (VII, 438, 443-446)
John R. Thompson (VII, 445 et seq.)
George W. Bagby (VII, 447)
William Parks (VII, 470)
Thomas Ritchie (VII, 471)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 401
Influence of Virginia papers (VII, 472, 474)
John Hampden Pleasants (VII, 472-3)
John M. Daniel (VII, 473)
II. EDUCATION
Progress of Education
Jefferson's influence upon education (X, 52)
Early interest in education (X, 73, 86)
College work (VII, 152)
Education a product of environment (X, 91)
Educational institutions before the War (X, 198)
English studies (VII, 118)
No free schools before the War (I, 137)
Old Field Schools (I, 138)
Rise of public schools (I, 138-139)
Education of negroes (I, 139, 140)
Higher education (I, 140-141)
Colleges and Universities
First college burned (I, 18-10)
Rise of colleges (X, 198)
University of Virginia (X, 221, 244; and see Index)
William and Mary College (X, 238; and see Index)
Washington and Lee University (X, 240)
University expansion (X, 255)
Medical colleges (X, 306)
Theological seminaries (X, 312)
Virginia Polytechnic Institute (I, 140)
Hampton Normal Institute (I, 140)
III. THE PROFESSIONS
Professors in English Studies
Louis P. Klipstein (VII, 120)
George Blatterman (VII, 120)
Schele De Vere (VII, 120)
James A. Harrison (VII, 121)
Thomas R. Price (VII, 124, 145)
McGuffey (VII, 121)
Holmes (VII, 121)
Other English professors (VII, 126-134)
Professors in Classical Studies
George Long (VII, 136)
Gessner Harrison (VII, 137)
William E. Peters (VII, 142)
Thomas Fitzhugh (VII, 144)
John H. Wheeler (VII, 145)
Milton W. Humphreys (VII, 147)
Other classic professors (VII, 153)
F. W. Coleman (VII, 163)
W. Gordon McCabe (VII, 166)
Professors in Scientific Studies
Hugh Jones (VII, 202)
William Small (VII, 203)
402 VIRGINIA
Ferdinand R. Hassler (VII, 203-4)
Charles Bonnycastle (VII, 204)
Francis H. Smith (VII, 205, 236)
Charles S. Venable (VII, 210)
Claude Crozet (VII, 201)
William M. Thornton (VII, 211)
Ormond Stone (VII, 213)
Robert E. Rogers (VII, 227)
John William Draper (VII, 232)
Matthew F. Maury (VII, 232)
William B. Rogers (VII, 235)
W. Le Conte Stevens (VII, 237)
John Clayton (VII, 242)
John Mitchell (VII, 242)
John Bannister (VII, 242)
Other scientists (VII, 228-237)
Lawyers
Thomas Jefferson (VII, 326; and see Index)
James Madison (VII, 327; and see Index)
Patrick Henry (I, 103; and see Index)
John Marshall (VII, 326; and see Index)
St. George Tucker (VII, 327)
Henry St. George Tucker .(VII, 328)
Nathaniel B. Tucker (VII, 328)
Conway Robinson (VII, 332)
John B. Minor (VII, 334)
John R. Tucker (VII, 334)
John W. Daniel (VII, 335)
Other lawyers (VII, 346, 351)
Also see Statesmen
Physicians and Surgeons
John Mitchell (VII, 356)
John Tennant (VII, 356)
Early physicians (VII, 357)
Physicians in the Revolution (VII, 358)
Writers on special subjects (VII, 360-4)
William Baynham (VII, 361)
John P. Mettauer (VII, 361)
Ephraim McDowell (VII, 362)
Benjamin W. Dudley (VII, 364)
William McDowell (VII, 364)
Clergymen
Andrew Broaddus (VII, 515; XI, 121)
William McKendree (VII, 517; IX, 136; X, 517; XII, 143)
Albert T. Bledsoe (VII, 519; and see Index)
Moses D. Hoge (VII, 521; and see Index)
William Meade (X, 512, 522; XII, 182)
Alexander Campbell (IX, 145; X, 462; XI, 167)
Moncure D. Conway (XI, 224)
Painters
John G. Chapman (X, 680)
Christopher P. Cranch (X, 680)
Moses J. Ezekiel (X, 680; XI, 331)
Mary Kollock (X, 680)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 403
Sculptors
Alexander Gait (X, 686; XI, 380)
William Barbee (X, 686; XI, 41)
Edward V. Valentine (X, 686; XII, 492)
William Couper (X, 686; XI, 232)
Moses Ezekiei (X, 686; XI, 331)
Augustus Lukeman (X, 686; XII, 126)
William R. O'Bonovan (X, 686)
William Shepherd (X, 686)
SOCIAL LIFE
I. RELIGION
Religious Influences
Church life (X, 71)
Attitude of Church toward the Revolution (X, 444)
Berkeley on religious instruction (X, 197)
Decrease in number of clergy (X, 454)
Religious impulse of colony (X, 438)
Attack upon Established Church (IX, 6)
Jews in Virginia (X, 557)
Religious liberty demanded (X, 467, 478)
Religious revival (IX, 6)
The church a social center (I, 72)
Denominational Growth
The Presbyterian Church (X, 223, 457)
The Christian Church (X, 462)
The Protestant Episcopal Church (IX, 6; X, 437, 454)
The Roman Catholic Church (X, 537)
Protestantism in Virginia (X, 19, 527 et seq.)
The Baptist Church (X, 458)
The Methodist Church (X, 460)
II. SOCIAL CONDITIONS
Racial Influences
Early English settlements (I, 3 et seq.)
Indians (I, 13, 16; X, 158)
The Cavaliers (X, 44)
English influence (X, 47)
Germans (X, 139)
Jews (X, 156)
Negroes (V, 111; X, 80 et seq.)
Racial permanence (X, 79)
Manners and Customs
Virginia's influence upon the Lower South (X, 18)
The Cavaliers (X, 44)
The Northern Neck (X, 64 et seq.)
The old regime (X, 77, 92 et seq.)
The colonial planter (I, 60; X, 85)
The colonists English in type (X, 83)
Old and new social conditions contrasted (I, 144)
Social life under the plantation system (I, 44, 58)
Social organization (I, 62)
404 VIRGINIA
Class distinctions (I, 62)
Virginians and the mother country (I, 64)
Colonial days (X, 97)
Home life (I, 65; X, 68, 90)
Diversions of the people (I, 68)
Courts of the royal governors (X, 84)
English actors (X, 84)
Aristocracy (X, 83)
High type of womanhood (X, 87, 90)
Description of life by Kennedy (VIII, xxxv)
Description by Cooke (VIII, xxxix)
Description by Thackeray (X, 45)
Social Uplift
Early temperance reform (X, 568)
Considerate treatment of slaves (X, 89, 94)
Liberalism (IV, 22)
Child labor (X, 585)
Settlement work (X, 616)
The Negro Problem
Importation of slaves prohibited (X, 87)
Abolition sentiment (I, 110; X, 89)
Institution of slavery (V, 106; X, 80, 82, 87, 89)
Negro population (V, 111)
Negro control (I, 130-132; 135-137)
Education of negroes (I, 139-140)
Towns and Cities
Jamestown (I, 11 et seq.)
Williamsburg (I, 35, 37)
Richmond (I, 121; and see Index)
Norfolk (I, 87; and see Index)
Other cities (I, 143)
III. PUBLIC SERVICE
Governors
List of governors (III, 471)
Sir Thomas Dale (I, 16)
Sir George Yeardley (I, 17)
Sir Francis Wyatt (I, 23)
Sir William Berkeley (I, 29 et seq.)
Other early governors (I, 36)
Alexander Spotswood (I, 36 et seq.)
Robert Dinwiddie (I, 40 et seq.)
John Letcher (I, 114, 124)
William Smith (I, 124)
Other Statesmen
Patrick Henry (I, 74 et seq.)
Thomas Jefferson (I, 74 et seq.)
Peyton Randolph (I, 74 et seq.)
George Washington (I, 79 et seq.)
Richard Henry Lee (I, 81 et seq.)
Benjamin Harrison (I, 81 et seq.)
Thomas Nelson (I, 86 et seq.)
Richard Bland (I, 86 et seq.)
George Wythe (I, 86 et seq.)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 405
Carter Braxton (I, 86 et seq.)
George Mason (I, 86 et seq.)
Edmund Pendleton (I, 86 et seq.)
James Madison (I, 86 et seq.)
Edmund Randolph (I, 103 et seq.)
Henry Lee (I, 103 et seq.)
John Marshall (I, 103 et seq.)
James Monroe (I, 108 et seq.)
John Tyler (I, 111 et seq.)
See Index and Biographies for above names
Soldiers
Captain John Smith (I, 11 et seq.)
Nathaniel Bacon (I, 29 et seq.)
George Washington (I, 41 et seq.)
Charles Lee (I, 92)
Horatio Gates (I, 92)
Adam Stephen (I, 92)
Other Revolutionary officers (I, 93-94)
George Rogers Clark (I, 94 et seq.)
Winfield Scott (XII, 372)
Robert E. Lee (I, 112 et seq.)
" Stonewall " Jackson (I, 123)
Joseph E. Johnston (I, 125)
Officers in the Confederate army (I, 122-123)
See Index and Biographies for above names
Naval Officers
Officers in the Revolution (I, 97)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
For whom was Virginia named? (I, 4)
What nobleman was interested in the colonization? (I, 4)
What was the lost Colony of Roanoke? (I, 5-7)
Who was the first white child born in America? (I, 8)
What was the first settlement made in America? (I, 11)
What famous explorer is connected with the colonization of
Virginia? (I, 11-13)
When was the first tobacco shipped to England? (I, 17)
What were some of the first laws enacted? (I, 19)
What was the story of Claiborne's struggle? (I, 24-5)
For what did Bacon fight? (I, 29-32)
When did the French threaten the colony's integrity? (I, 40)
What were the causes of Braddock's defeat? (I, 42-3)
What great American here first won renown? (I, 42-3)
How were the original lands granted? (I, 49-50)
What two classes of labor were imported? (I, 50-8)
What Virginians took part in the Revolution? (I, 81)
How long did the House of Burgesses exist? (I, 84)
406 VIRGINIA
What were the boundaries of Virginia at the close of the
Revolution? (I, 101)
Who was the " Father of the Constitution"? (I, 103)
What was Virginia's share in the government of the new
nation? (I, 102-8)
What was Virginia's attitude toward secession? (I, 113-7)
How many battles and conflicts of the War of Secession took
place on Virginia soil? (I, 122)
Why was Richmond a strategic point? (I, 125)
How did West Virginia come to be formed? (I, 127)
When was the Jamestown Exposition held, and why? (1, 141)
Give a resume of the principal poets from Virginia. Humor-
ists. Novelists. Historians (VII, VIII)
What prominent literary magazine flourished before the War?
(VII)
What military leaders has Virginia given? Statesmen?
WEST VIRGINIA
West Virginia, the thirty-fifth state in the Union, has the
most irregular outline of any of the states. It is also one of
the most northerly of the southern group, bordering Ohio
and Pennsylvania on the north, Ohio and Kentucky on the
west, and its parent state of Virginia on the southeast. The
state embraces four distinct physical regions, a large part of
the surface being rugged and mountainous. The area is 24,715
square miles. While agriculture is important, it is outranked
by the mineral resources such as coal, gas and petroleum. In
1910 the state ranked second in the production of coal. The
population in 1910 was 1,221,119, of whom 1,158,817 were
white.
GENERAL HISTORY
I. VIRGINIA PERIOD (1750-1861)
Country and Exploration
Geography (I, 333)
Early explorations (I, 334-6)
First grants (I, 334)
Discovery of Kanawha Falls (I, 335)
Settlements Before 1754
Morgan Morgan (I, 336)
Founding of Shepherdstown (I, 336)
Lord Fairfax Patent (I, 337)
Greenbrier Land Company (I, 338)
Wars with Indians (I, 339)
Settlements Before 1776
Other pioneers (I, 341-2)
Population at time of Revolution (I, 342)
Indiana cession (I, 343)
Province of Vandalia (I, 343)
Province of Westsylvania (I, 344)
District of West Augusta (I, 344-5)
Further troubles with Indians (I, 345-7)
Share in the Revolution
First volunteers (I, 348)
West Augusta Battalion (I, 348)
Committees of safety (I, 349)
Virginia Constitution of 1776 (I, 350)
Development After Revolution
Continuation of border wars (I, 350)
End of Indian troubles (I, 351)
Delegates to Virginia Federal Convention (I, 351-2)
Population in 1800 (I, 352)
407
408 WEST VIRGINIA
Internal and External Affairs
The War of 1812 (I, 353-6)
Fight for Democratic government (I, 357)
Convention of 1829 (I, 358-9)
Growth of population in 1830 (I, 360)
Character of people (I, 360)
Convention of 1841 (I, 361)
Geographical and social separation of the Virginias (I,
362-3)
John Brown's raid (I, 363)
II. WAR PERIOD (1861-1865)
The Two Virginias
Question of division one of long standing (I, 365)
Causes of division (I, 366)
The slavery problem (I, 367)
The Parting of the Ways
Virginia Secession Convention of 1861 (I, 368)
Attitude of West Virginia members (I, 369)
Public meetings (I, 370 et seq.)
The Wheeling Convention (I, 371-5)
John S. Carlile's plan (I, 372 et seq.)
Opposition of W. T. Willey (I, 373 et seq.)
Reorganization of Virginia Government
Convention of 1861 (I, 375-7)
Election of state officers (I, 377)
Recognition by Congress (I, 378)
Slavery question (I, 379)
Creation of New State
Petition to Congress (I, 380)
Constitution of 1863 (I, 382)
President Lincoln starts new state machinery (I, 382-4)
First officers (I, 384)
Share in War of Secession
Contributions to both armies (I, 385)
Political conditions (I, 385 et seq.)
Confederate raids (I, 386-7)
Lack of funds (I, 387)
Close of war (I, 388)
III. MODERN PERIOD (1865-1910)
Political Problems
Test oath act (I, 388-9)
Attempt to regain Virginia territory (I, 389-390)
Constitution of 1872 (I, 392)
Amendments and changes (I, 393)
Recent elections (I, 393-8)
Tax commission (I, 397)
Industrial Progress
Resources (I, 398)
Agriculture (I, 398)
Lumbering (I, 399)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 409
Mineral wealth (I, 399)
Transportation (I, 400-401)
Population and Prosperity
Rapid growth of population (I, 401-3)
Immigration (I, 403)
Wealth (I, 403-4)
Railroads and banks (I, 404)
Education
School development only after War (I, 404)
Growth of schools (I, 405)
West Virginia University (I, 406)
Interstate Relations
Boundary questions (I, 407 et seq.)
Virginia debt question (I, 409 et seq.)
POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
Colonial Relations
Indiana cession (I, 343)
Province of Vandalia (I, 343)
Province of Westsylvania (I, 344)
District of West Augusta (I, 344)
Delegates to Virginia Federal Convention (I, 351-2)
Virginia West Virginia Controversy
First friction (I, 357)
Convention 9f 1829 (I, 358-9)
Unequal basis of representation (I, 362)
Causes of separation (I, 366 et seq.)
Virginia Secession Convention (I, 368-9)
Wheeling Mass-Meeting (I, 371)
Reorganization of Virginia government (I, 375-7)
Formation of New State
Issue in Congress (I, 380)
Constitution of 1863 (I, 382)
Admission of state (I, 382)
II. SINCE THE WAR
Political Parties and Leaders
Arthur I. Boreman (I, 386)
Franchise question (I, 388 et seq.)
William E. Stevenson (I, 391)
Democratic Party (I, 391 et seq.)
Republican Party (I, 391 et seq.)
Interstate Relations
Boundary dispute with Pennsylvania (I, 407)
Kentucky boundary (I, 407)
Virginia land grants (I, 407; IV, 143)
Maryland boundary (I, 408)
Virginia debt question (I, 409-412; IV, 143-145; VI, 523)
Virginia boundary (I, 407; IV, 145)
410 WEST VIRGINIA
State Constitutions
Constitution of 1863 (I, 382)
Constitution of 1872 (I, 392)
Amendments (I, 393)
ECONOMIC HISTORY
I. PRIOR TO THE WAR
General Conditions
Geography and topography (I, 333)
Early settlements (I, 336 et seq.)
Indians (I, 339, 345)
Population at time of Revolution (I, 342)
Development after Revolution (I, 350-2)
Farming class (I, 351-2)
Growth of population (I, 352 et seq.)
German prisoners of war become settlers (X, 148)
See " Virginia " for other details prior to War
II. SINCE THE WAR
General Conditions
Industrial progress (I, 398-401)
Character of population (I, 401)
Growth of population (I, 402)
Immigration (I, 403)
Agriculture
Slow development of agriculture (I, 398)
Farm lands (VI, 17, 25)
Cereals (VI, 112 et seq.)
Flax (VI, 125)
Live Stock and Fisheries
Raising of stock (VI, 135)
Fisheries (VI, 158)
Mining
Mineral resources (I, 399; V, 275)
Coal (I, 399, 404; VI, 179 et seq.)
Petroleum (I, 399, 404; VI, 187, 194 et seq.)
Gas wells (I, 399, 404; VI, 187 et seq.)
Iron ore (VI, 223, 224)
Salt industry (V, 296; VI, 249, 257)
Manufactures
Statistics (I, 403-4)
Lumber (I, 399, 404)
Growth of manufactures (VI, 263, 303)
Transportation and Communication
Turnpikes (I, 400)
Steamboats (I, 400)
Railroads (I, 400-401, 404)
See also Transportation and Communication (VI, 305
et seq.)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 411
Finances and Banking
Material wealth (I, 403-4)
Banks in 1903 (I, 404)
Virginia debt question (I, 409-412; IV, 143-145; VI, 523)
Banking (VI, 429)
Finances (VI, 522-528)
Taxation (I. 396)
Tax laws (VI, 524-528)
INTELLECTUAL LIFE
I. LITERATURE
Poets and Poetry
Waitman Barbe (XI, 41)
Danske Dandridge (XI, 254)
Other Writers
Hale (VII, 105)
Lewis (VII, 105)
Fast (VII, 105)
Editors and Periodicals
" The Potomac Guardian," the first newspaper (I, 353)
II. EDUCATION
Progress of Education
Old Field Schools (I, 353)
Rise of common schools after the war (I, 404)
Normal schools (I, 405)
School system (I, 405)
Education of negroes (I, 407)
Colleges and Universities
Growth of colleges (X, 255)
Medical colleges (X, 306)
West Virginia University (I, 406; X, 246)
Randolph Academy (I, 353)
III. THE PROFESSIONS
Educators and Scientists
Milton W. Humphreys (XI, 527)
Isaac C White (XII, 549)
William L. Wilson (XII, 562)
Lawyers
Lewis Summers (I, 361)
W. T. Willey (I, 373)
James S. Wheat (I, 377)
Allen T. Caperton (XI, 176)
Charles J. Faulkner (XI. 33S)
412 WEST VIRGINIA
SOCIAL LIFE
I. SOCIAL CONDITIONS
Racial Influences
Early settlers (I, 334; X, 105)
Indians (I, 339, 345; X, 158)
Germans (X, 139, 148)
Immigration (I, 403)
Religious Influences
Roman Catholic Church (X, 537 et seq.)
Influence of Protestantism (X, 527 et seq.)
Towns and Cities
Early settlements (I, 336 et seq.)
First towns (I, 353)
Wheeling (I, 371)
II. PUBLIC SERVICE
Governors
List of governors (III, 475)
Arthur I. Boreman (I, 384, 386)
William E. Stevenson (I, 391)
J. B. Jackson (I, 394)
E. Willis Wilson (I, 394)
A. B. Fleming (I, 395)
William A. MacCorkle (I, 395)
Albert B. White (I, 396)
Other Statesmen
Waitman T. Willey (I, 370 et seq.)
John S. Carlile (I, 371 et seq.)
Stephen B. Elkins (I, 396; XI, 316)
Henry G. Davis (XI, 260)
F. H. Pierpont (I, 375)
William L. Wilson (XII, 562)
Soldiers
Revolutionary soldiers (I, 348)
Samuel McGuire (I, 353)
Troops in War of 1812 (I, 353-4)
Joel Leftwich (I, 355)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What Indian tribes originally occupied West Virginia? (I,
334)
In what royal grant was West Virginia included? (I, 334)
Who were the first explorers? (I, 334-5)
What is the oldest town? (I, 336)
What was the Lord Fairfax Patent? (I, 337)
How was this country affected by the French and Indian
Wars? (I, 340-1)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 413
What was the Indiana Cession? (I, 343)
What was the Province of Vandalia? (I, 343)
What was the Province of Westsylvania ? (I, 344)
What was the District of West Augusta? (I, 344)
What were the incidents of Dunmore's War? (I, 345-7)
What type of men were the West Virginia pioneers? (I, 351-2)
When was the first newspaper established? (I, 353)
What are the four physical divisions of the state? (I, 361)
Why did the two Virginias separate? (I, 365-8)
Who was the first governor of West Virginia? (I, 384)
What was the state's share in the War of Secession? (I, 385)
What were the West Virginia Certificates? (I, 409-12)
What are the state's leading industries and resources today?
(I, 398-401; VI)
When were the first banks established? (VI, 429)
What is the extent of higher education in the state? (X, 246,
255, 306)
What public men have served West Virginia? (I, 370 et seq. ;
XI, 176, 260, 316, 338)
What part did West Virginia have in the Revolution? (I, 347)
What part in the formation of the Federal Constitution? (I,
351)
How was West Virginia affected by the War of 1812? (I,
354)
What are West Virginia's chief mineral products? (I, 399;
V, 275)
What has been the rate of increase in population since state-
hood? (I, 402)
What nations were represented in the early settlers? (X, 105,
139)
What is the nature and extent of farming in the state? (VI,
17, 25, 113}
THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE
INTRODUCTORY OUTLINE
The South Misunderstood
Thomas Nelson Page on the need of a Southern history
(I, xxi)
Why a history is needed (I, xxii)
Early voyages (I, xxiii)
The relation of states (I, xxiv)
Settlement and Growth
Conditions of settlement different in the North (I, xxiv)
The spirit of expansion (I, xxvii)
Government of the Southern colonies (I, xxviii)
Share in the Founding of the Nation
The South in the Revolution (I, xxx)
What it meant to join the Union (I, xxxii)
Influence in National Affairs
Southern statesmen in American history (I, xxxiv)
View of the Federal government (I, xxxvi)
The Question of Secession
Hartford Convention an index to Northern view (I,
xxxviii)
Slavery agitation (I, xxxviii)
Annexation of Texas (I, xli)
Compromise measures (I, xlii)
The South's attitude (I, xlii)
Effect of the War on States' Rights (I, xliv)
The War and Reconstruction
Southern population and conditions in 1860 (I, xlv)
Evils of Reconstruction (I, xlvi)
White control regained (I, xlvii)
The New South
Aloofness from politics (I, xlviii)
Racial homogeneity (I, xlviii)
Industrial trend (I, xlix)
Cotton factories (I, 1)
Railways (I, li)
Miles (I, li)
Material wealth (I, li)
Improved educational facilities (I, li)
Statistics (I, liii)
POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
I. COLONIAL PERIOD (1607-1775)
The Beginnings of Empire
Rivalry of England, France and Spain (IV, 1-3)
Establishment of English power (IV, 3)
415
416 THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE
Colonial Relations
Maryland the first step in the dismemberment of Virginia
(IV, 5)
Relations of Maryland and Virginia (IV, 5)
Separation of the Carolinas and Virginia (IV, 10)
Relations of Virginia and the Carolinas (IV, 11)
Relations of North Carolina and South Carolina (IV, 14)
Relations of South Carolina and Florida (IV, 15)
Georgia's colonial relations (IV, 17)
Foreign Relations
The London Company (IV, 20)
Liberalism in Virginia (IV, 22)
England's governmental policy (IV, 24)
The navigation laws (IV, 29)
Parliamentary acts (IV, 34)
English attitude toward slavery (IV, 34)
The question of currency (IV, 35)
English Board of Trade (IV, 36)
The colonies' need of union (IV, 37)
British scheme of a world-wide empire (IV, 39)
II. REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD (1775-1783)
England's New Colonial Policy
What this policy meant to the South (IV, 43)
Features of the policy (IV, 44)
Early protests (IV, 45)
The Virginia Resolutions (IV, 46)
Measures of resistance (IV, 47)
The Stamp Act Congress (IV, 48)
Repeal of the Stamp Act (IV, 50)
Development of Organized Resistance
Townshend's policy (IV, 52)
Renewal of colonial opposition (IV, 53)
Virginia Resolves of 1769 (IV, 54)
Non-Importation (IV, 57)
Nullification of Billeting Act (IV, 57)
Local incidents (IV, 58)
Committees of Correspondence (IV, 59)
The tea riots (IV, 60)
Coercive measures (IV, 61)
Calls for a general Congress (IV, 63)
First Continental Congress (IV, 63)
The South's Share in the War
Second Continental Congress (IV, 65)
Premonitions of conflict (IV, 65)
Preparations for war (IV, 67)
Hostilities in the South (IV, 68)
Declaration of Independence (IV, 70)
Organization of state governments (IV, 72)
Conquest of the Northwest (IV, 73)
Final struggle in the South (IV, 73-84)
Naval services (IV, 84)
Comparative statistics (IV, 85)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 417
III. CONSTITUTIONAL PERIOD (1783-1789)
The South in the Confederation
Washington's appeal (IV, 88)
Articles of Confederation (IV, 89)
Local problems (IV, 90)
Formation of a national public domain (IV, 92)
Public land surveys (IV, 94)
Monetary system (IV, 95)
Disintegration of the Union (IV, 95)
Diplomatic Relations
Status of the colonies in revolt (IV, 99)
Influence of Virginia (IV, 100)
Territorial questions (IV, 101)
Aid of France (IV, 102)
England's enemies abroad (IV, 103)
Treaty of Paris (IV, 104)
Boundary questions of the states (IV, 105)
The South in the Framing of the Constitution
Virginia-Maryland controversy (IV, 108)
Annapolis convention (IV, 110)
Philadelphia convention (IV, 112)
The Virginia plan (IV, 117)
The Pinckney plan (IV, 119)
The New Jersey and Hamilton plans (IV, 121)
Committee of Detail (IV, 122)
Compromises (IV, 123)
Draft of the Constitution (IV, 127)
Ratification (IV, 128)
IV. FEDERAL PERIOD (1789-1860)
Interstate Relations
Virginia-Maryland controversy (IV, 136)
Virginia and Tennessee (IV, 140)
Tennessee and Kentucky (IV, 142)
Virginia and West Virginia (IV, 143)
Georgia and North Carolina (IV, 145)
Georgia and Tennessee (IV, 147)
Mississippi and Tennessee (IV, 147)
Florida and Georgia (IV, 148)
West Florida and Alabama (IV, 150)
Water boundaries and riparian rights (IV, 151)
The Mississippi .River (IV, 152)
Mississippi and Arkansas (IV, 153)
Louisiana and Mississippi (IV, 154)
Private suits (IV, 156)
Interstate Cooperation
Reasons for organization of the Southern states (IV, 150)
Internal improvements (IV, 163)
Trade routes (IV, 165)
Efforts to improve commercial relations (IV, 173)
Southern seaports (IV, 173)
Knoxville convention (IV, 173)
Augusta conventions (IV, 175)
Memphis convention (IV, 179)
87
418 THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE
Other conventions (IV, 185)
Extent of manufactures (IV, 185)
The cotton industry (IV, 186)
Study of agriculture (IV, 190)
Immigration (IV, 190)
Racial Problems
The Indians (IV, 194-197, 423-442; and see Index)
The negroes (IV, 198; and see Index)
Slavery Conditions
Origin of the slavery system (IV, 198, 384)
Legislative regulations (IV, 199)
Control of slaves (IV, 201)
Problems of the masters (IV, 206)
Church adjustments (IV, 207)
Foreign slave trade (IV, 210-217, 293)
Domestic slave trade (IV, 217-226)
Runaways and desperadoes (IV, 227, 410)
Outrages and lynch law (IV, 229)
Stolen slaves (IV, 230)
Conspiracies and revolts (IV, 233)
Free negroes (IV, 236)
Also see Index
Slavery a Political Issue
Slavery in England (IV, 384)
Localization in South (IV, 386)
Anti-slavery movement (IV, 388, 396, 397 et seq.)
A political issue (IV, 393)
The radical abolitionists (IV, 397, 404) , ,
Trend of Southern reaction (IV, 401)
Petitions in Congress (IV, 407)
State interferences (IV, 411)
Rendition Act of 1850 (IV, 413)
Southern extremists (IV, 415)
Slavery in the Territories (IV, 417)
The Wilmpt Proviso (IV, 417)
Secession influences (IV, 420)
Also see Index
Foreign and Military Affairs
Annexation of Texas (IV, 242, 290, 307)
The Mexican War (IV, 271, 290)
Annexation of Cuba (IV, 251, 294)
Nicaragua revolution (IV, 254)
The Quasi War with France (IV, 259)
The War of 1812 (IV, 262, 284)
Acquisition of territory (IV, 282)
Florida Purchase (IV, 285, 304)
The Monroe Doctrine (IV, 287)
The Mosquito Coast (IV, 292)
Policy of Expansion
The South's attitude (IV, 298, 313)
Virginia's territorial acquisitions (IV, 301)
The Louisiana Purchase (IV, 302; and see Index)
The Florida Purchase (IV, 285, 304)
The annexation of Texas (IV, 242, 290, 307)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 419
Oregon secured (IV, 310)
Acquisitions from Mexico (IV, 310)
The Gadsden Purchase (IV, 312)
Ostend Manifesto (IV, 312)
Political Parties
Party strength in the South (IV, 319)
Political leadership (IV, 328)
Southern influence in government (IV, 331)
Party platforms (IV, 335)
Masses versus classes (IV, 338)
Early questions (IV, 340)
Construction of the Constitution (IV, 343)
Democracy established by Jefferson and Jackson (IV, 344)
Pro-slavery Democrats (IV, 346)
Economic Policies
Funding the National debt (IV, 354)
Assumption of state debts (IV, 355)
Monetary system (IV, 355)
National bank project (IV, 361, 448)
Independent treasury (IV, 365)
The tariff question (IV, 367)
Internal revenue (IV, 375)
Surplus revenues (IV, 377)
Internal improvements (IV, 379)
State Sovereignty and Secession
Southern view of the Constitution (IV, 443 et seq.)
The National Bank issue (IV, 361, 448)
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (IV, 451)
Nullification (IV, 454)
Other questions of dispute (IV, 456)
Slavery and its influence upon the Constitution (IV, 458)
Power of the Supreme Court (IV, 463)
The legality of secession (IV, 466)
The South's attitude today (IV, 468)
Political theory of secession (IV, 472)
The right of revolution (IV, 473)
The Kentucky Resolutions (IV, 476)
The Federalists and Secession (IV, 478)
The Hartford convention (IV, 480)
Calhoun and States' Rights (IV, 481)
Divergence of the North and the South (IV, 484)"
See Secession under separate states, and in Index
V. CONFEDERATE PERIOD (1861-1865)
Government of the Confederacy
Differences between Federal and Confederate Constitutions
(IV, 487-496)
Confederate Constitution never fairly tried (IV, 497)
See Confederate States of America, in Index
Progress of the War
Resources of the North and South (IV, 500)
Training of Southerners (IV, 505)
Efficiency of civil and military departments (IV, 507)
Operations in 1861 (IV, 510)
420 THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE
Operations in 1862 (IV, 511)
Operations in 1863 (IV, 515)
Operations in 1864 (IV, 516)
Operations in 1865 (IV, 518)
Conduct of Federals (IV, 519)
Why the Confederacy failed (IV, 544-552)
See Civil War in Index
Diplomatic Relations
"Cotton is King" (IV, 525)
Blockade of ports (IV, 526)
Disputed points of international law (IV, 528)
Efforts to secure foreign recognition (IV, 531 et seq.)
The Trent Affair (IV, 532)
Attitude of England and France (IV, 534 et seq.)
VI. MODERN PERIOD (1865-1910)
Political Effects of the War
Elimination of the doctrine of secession (IV, 553)
Overthrow of slavery (IV, 557)
War amendments to the Constitution (IV, 559)
Civil rights in the South (IV, 565)
Readjustment of party affiliations (IV, 574, 629)
The Reconstruction
Conditions at close of War (IV, 579)
Legal problems (IV, 584)
Political parties in 1865 (IV, 585)
Plans and theories of Reconstruction (IV, 586)
President Lincoln's plan (IV, 588)
President Johnson's plan (IV, 590)
Opposition of Congress (IV, 593)
Reconstruction by Congress (IV, 598)
Military districts (IV, 601)
Carpet-bag and negro control (IV, 602)
The impeachment of President Johnson (IV, 606)
Radical misrule in the South (IV, 608)
Overthrow of Reconstruction (IV, 617)
See also Index
Political Parties
Wiping out of party lines (IV, 627)
Peace societies (IV, 627)
Political affiliations after the War ((IV, 574, 629)
Spread of Democracy (IV, 632)
Power of secret societies (IV, 634)
Problem of white supremacy (IV, 638)
Tendency toward political freedom (IV, 643)
National Affairs
Alaska Purchase (IV, 647)
Alabama claims (IV, 648)
War with Spain (IV, 649)
Hawaii and the Philippines (IV, 653)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 421
ECONOMIC HISTORY
I. PRIOR ,TO THE WAR
General Conditions
Natural features (V, 1)
Total area of South (V, 2)
Coastal Plain (V, 3)
Piedmont Plateau (V, 5)
Appalachian .Range (V, 7)
Western section (V, 9)
Rural and urban population (V, 613-620)
Immigration and population (V, 12-20; 595-612)
Emigration (V, 620-624)
Indians (V, 21-25; and see Index)
Influence of British colonial policy (V, 26-32)
Government regulation of industries (V, 475-478)
Government activities (V, 482-486)
Influence of the press (V, 546-551)
State and local agencies (V, 551-562)
Land and Resources
First land exploited (V, 34)
First crops (V, 37)
Natural products (V, 38)
Expansion of area (V, 40)
Land reclamation (V, 577-579)
Land Systems, Laws and Grants
Early charters (V, 43 et seq.)
First public surveyor (V, 46)
Results of early laws (V, 49)
Latin land laws (V, 53 et seq.)
Louisiana and Arkansas (V, 54)
Missouri (V, 58)
Alabama and Mississippi (V, 59)
Florida (V, 62)
Texas (V, 64)
Public land systems (V, 67-73)
Plantation and_ farm systems (V, 73-80)
Improvement in fanri production (V, 80-85)
Labor Conditions
Development of labor systems (V, 86-93)
Servitude (V, 94-103)
Slave-labor system (V, 104-120)
Increase of slave labor (V, 110)
Distribution of negro population (V, 111-112)
Importance of slave labor (V, 116)
General tendencies and conditions (V, 118)
Economics of slave labor (V, 121-124)
Economics of the slave trade (V, 124-129)
Convict and apprentice labor (V, 130-133)
Free contract labor (V, 134-143)
Labor organizations (V, 144-146)
Labor force and conditions (V, 146-151)
See also Slavery in Index
422 THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE
Agriculture General Survey
Methods of production (V, 152)
Leading crops (V, 153)
Grazing lands (V, 154)
Wearing out soils (V, 154)
Primitive implements (V, 156)
Agricultural fairs (V, 586-592)
Tobacco Culture
First tobacco (V, 158)
Early production (V, 159)
Grades and markets (V, 162)
Statistics (V, 165)
An important source of income (V, 166)
Also see Index
Rice Culture
Introduction of rice (V, 169)
Early production (V, 171)
South Carolina crops (V, 172)
Swamp lands reclaimed (V, 175)
Exports (V, 177)
Also see Index
Indigo Culture
Culture established in 1745 (V, 178)
Dye, how obtained (V, 179)
Early price (V, 180)
Where raised (V, 181)
Exports (V, 181-182)
Also see Index
Sugar Products
Introduction and varieties of cane (V, 184)
Georgia and Louisiana (V, 187)
Development of industry (V, 190)
Records of production (V, 192)
Revenue on sugar (V, 193)
Improved methods and transportation (V, 195)
Also see Index
Cotton Crops
First cultivation (V, 197)
Influence of Revolution upon culture (V, 198)
Sea-island cotton (V, 200)
Invention of cotton-gin (V, 201)
Early markets (V, 202)
Second period (V, 203)
Methods of cultivation (V, 205)
Influence upon slave labor (V, 207)
Records of production (V, 211)
Also see Index
Cultivation of Cereals
Importance of corn (V, 213)
Introduction of corn (V, 215)
Leading states producing corn (V, 216)
Washington on use of lands (V, 218)
Early wheat crops (V, 219)
Wheat and oats (V, 220)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 423
Statistics of grain yield (V, 221-222)
Also see Index
Grass and Forage Crop
Varieties of grass (V, 223)
Pasturage (V, 224)
First statistics of hay (V, 226)
Agricultural societies (V, 227)
Hay production (V, 228)
Hemp and Flax
Early interest (V, 229-230)
First used only by negroes (V, 231)
Kentucky, the real beginning (V, 232)
Statistics of production in 1810 (V, 233)
Statistics in 1840 (V, 233-234)
Statistics in 1850 (V, 234)
Statistics in 1860 (V, 234)
Fruits and Vegetables
Early production small (V, 236)
First shipments (V, 237)
Fruit preserving (V, 237-238)
Potatoes (V, 238)
Peas and beans (V. 239)
Peanuts (V, 239)
Hops (V, 240)
Oranges (V, 240-241)
Orchard fruits (V, 241)
Live Stock
Horses (V, 242-246)
Cattle (V, 246-247)
Sheep (V, 247-250)
Goats (V, 250-251)
Hogs (V, 251)
Dairying, poultry and bees (V, 251-252)
Statistics (V, 252-255)
Value of live stock (V, 256)
Forest Products
Early waste of forests (V, 257)
First federal forest law (V, 258)
Pitch, tar and timber (V, 259)
Logging (V, 260-261)
Turpentine (V, 262)
Game and Game Protection
Enormous quantities of game, originally (V, 263)
Hunting (V, 264)
Deer (V, 264)
Fire hunting (V, 265)
Other laws (V, 265-266)
Protection of birds (V, 266)
See Northern Neck, Virginia, etc.
Fisheries
Little interest in early days (V, 267)
Large quantities of fish (V, 267-268)
Industry in 1835 (V, 268)
424 THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE
Florida and Carolina (V, 270)
Pearl fisheries (V, 271-272)
Oyster products (V, 272-274)
Mines and Mining
General survey (V, 275-297)
Gold Mining
Earliest discoveries (V, 277)
Georgia (V, 277, 280)
Maryland (V, 278)
Virginia (V, 279)
North Carolina (V, 279)
South Carolina (V, 280)
Alabama and Tennessee (V, 281)
And see Index
Copper Mining
Tennessee (V, 281, 283)
Maryland (V, 282)
Virginia (V, 282)
North Carolina (V, 283)
Georgia (V, 283)
Alabama (V, 283)
And see Index
Iron Mining
Discovery in North Carolina (V, 284)
Early industries (V, 284-285)
Virginia (V, 285)
Maryland (V, 285)
Tennessee (V, 285)
Alabama (V, 285-286)
And see Index
Lead and Zinc Mining
Virginia (V, 286, 287)
Missouri (V, 286, 288)
North Carolina (V, 287)
Tennessee (V, 287)
Arkansas (V, 288)
And see Index
Coal Mining
Maryland (V, 290)
Virginia (V, 291)
West Virginia (V, 291)
North Carolina (V, 292)
Georgia (V, 292)
Alabama (V, 293)
Arkansas (V, 293)
Missouri (V, 293)
Kentucky (V, 294)
Tennessee (V, 294)
And see Index
Slate Quarrying
General survey (V, 294-295)
Salt Industry
Virginia (V, 295)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 425
West Virginia (V, 296)
Louisiana (V, 296)
And see Index
Manufactures
Colonial industries (V, 299-312)
First development (V, 305)
The Townshend acts (V, 309)
Plantation system unfavorable to manufactures (V, 313-314)
Cotton (V, 316 et seq.)
Periods of progress (V, 318)
Influence of William Gregg (V, 323-326)
Tobacco (V, 327)
Cottonseed oil (V, 327)
Statistics (V, 331)
Water power (V, 580-586)
Transportation and Communication
Early facilities chiefly water (V, 336)
Coastwise craft (V, 339)
Effects of the .Revolution upon trade (V, 340)
Canals (V, 341-342)
Highways (V, 343-350)
Internal improvements (V, 351-357)
Railroads (V, 358-367; and see Index)
Merchant marine (V, 367-372)
Telegraph lines (V, 372-376)
Street railways (V, 376-380)
Trade and Commerce
Early conditions (V, 381 et seq.)
Period of expansion (V, 385)
British free trade (V, 388)
Treaties (V, 389)
Monopoly in cotton (V, 390)
Statistics of foreign trade (V, 393-397)
Domestic trade (V, 397)
Southern ports (V, 398, 412-416)
Interstate commerce (V, 404-411)
Federal tariff policy (V, 487-493)
Value and Exchange
Value of property (V, 418)
Resources and wealth (V, 419-421)
Fluctuation of prices and wages (V, 426-434)
Financial crises (V, 435-441)
Wealth of the South (V, 624-630)
Insurance (V, 631-655)
Money and Credit
Colonial currency (V, 442-446)
Currency at close of Revolution (V, 447)
Banking experiments (V, 447 et seq.)
Redemption of notes (V, 448 et seq.)
Agricultural credit and crop mortgages (V, 457)
History of State Banking
Maryland (V, 462)
Virginia (V, 463)
North Carolina (V, 465)
426 THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE
South Carolina (V, 465)
Georgia (V, 466)
Florida (V, 467)
Alabama (V, 468)
Mississippi (V, 468)
Louisiana (V, 469)
Texas (V, 470)
Arkansas (V, 470)
Kentucky (V, 470)
Tennessee (V, 471)
Missouri (V, 472)
History of State Finances
Alabama (V, 498-500)
Arkansas (V, 501-504)
Florida (V, 504-507)
Georgia (V, 508-510)
Kentucky (V, 511-515)
Louisiana (V, 516-518)
Maryland (V, 518-522)
Mississippi (V, 523-525)
Missouri (V, 526-528)
North Carolina (V, 529-532)
South Carolina (V, 532-537)
Texas (V, 537-540)
Virginia (V, 540-543)
Tennessee (V, 543-545)
II. SINCE THE WAR
General Conditions
Conditions at close of War (VI, 1-11)
Economic results of Reconstruction (VI, 12-16)
Governmental activity (VI, 439-445)
Confederate relief measures (VI, 446-448)
Federal development of resources (VI, 450-454)
State and Federal regulation (VI, 454-466)
Promotion of agriculture (VI, 467-476)
Influence of the press (VI, 536-542)
Private control (VI, 573-580)
Experiments in cooperation (VI, 580-582)
Immigration (VI, 584-594)
Vital statistics and sanitation (VI, 594-600)
Population since 1860 (VI, 601-607)
Growth of towns and cities (VI, 607-610)
Emigration (VI, 610-613)
Outlook for economic progress (VI, 635-658)
Land and Resources
Area of cultivation (VI, 17-19)
Changes in agricultural methods (VI, 19)
Average yield per acre (VI, 24)
Average number of acres in farms (VI, 25)
Land reclamation (VI, 551-559)
Land Systems, Laws and Grants
Homestead Act of 1862 (VI, 28)
Grants for agricultural colleges (VI, 29)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 427
Grants to railroads (VI, 29)
Real property law (VI, 32)
Labor Conditions
Labor organization (VI, 36-40)
Conditions at close of War (VI, 41)
Uncertainty of negro labor (VI, 41)
Freedmen's Bureau (VI, 42)
White labor (VI, 45)
Proportion of whites and blacks (VI, 46)
Census of occupations (VI, 47)
Convict and apprentice labor (VI, 48-52)
Labor of women and children (VI, 53-57)
The mountain whites (VI, 58-61)
The Indians (VI, 62-65)
Agriculture
General survey (VI, 66-174)
Agricultural fairs (VI, 568-573)
Tobacco Culture
Effect of War on culture (VI, 66)
Production, 1860-1908 (VI, 67)
New system of cultivation (VI, 68)
Yield per acre (VI, 69-70)
Grades (VI, 70)
Also see Index
Rice Culture
Loss caused by War (VI, 73)
New methods of culture (VI, 74)
Production (VI, 75)
Chief producing sections (VI, 76)
Also see Index
Sugar Products
Modern methods of culture (VI, 78, 79)
Growth of industry (VI, 80)
Tariff on sugar (VI, 82)
Sugar Planters' Associations (VI, 84)
Economic results (VI, 84)
Also see Index
Cotton Crops
Effect of War on crops (VI, 87)
Labor conditions (VI, 89, 96)
Treatment of soil (VI, 91)
Industrial reconstruction (VI, 93)
Increase of crops (VI, 95)
Cottonseed oil (VI, 98)
The boll weevil (VI, 100)
Also see Index
Cultivation of Cereals
Three factors in production (VI, 104)
Rotation of crops (VI, 107-111)
Corn a staple product (VI, 108, 115)
Statistics of cereals (VI, 112, 114, 116)
Wheat (VI, 115)
428 THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE
Rye (VI, 115)
Also see Index
Crass and Forage Crops
Interest in subject (VI, 117)
Bermuda grass (VI, 119)
Other grass (VI, 120)
Cowpeas (VI, 121)
Statistics of hay (VI, 122)
Hemp and Flax
Demand strong after the War (VI, 124)
Kentucky's yield (VI, 124-125)
Missouri (VI, 124-125)
Fruits and Vegetables
Favorable sections (VI, 127-128)
Great progress (VI, 128)
First rail shipments (VI, 129)
The refrigerator car (VI, 130)
Statistics (VI, 130-135)
Canning industry (VI, 132)
Live Stock
Conditions at close of War (VI, 135)
Horses (VI, 137-140)
Cattle (VI, 140-145)
Sheep (VI, 146)
Goats (VI, 146)
Hogs (VI, 146)
Dairying, poultry and bees (VI, 147-150)
Forest Products
Lumber statistics (VI, 151)
Forest destruction (VI, 153)
Plans for conservation (VI, 154-157)
Fisheries
Extent of fisheries in each state (VI, 159)
Oysters (VI, 160, 163-166)
Important catches of fish (VI, 160-162)
Pearl fisheries (VI, 166)
Sponge fisheries (VI, 167-169)
Game and Game Protection
Decrease of game (VI, 170)
Local laws (VI, 171)
Warden service (VI, 173)
Mines and Mining
General survey (VI, 175-252)
Coal Mining
Progress of industry (VI, 175-178)
Alabama output (VI, 178, 183)
Influence upon iron (VI, 179)
Railways as a factor (VI, 179)
Virginia (VI, 180, 183)
West Virginia (VI, 180, 182, 184)
Kentucky (VI. 181)
Tennessee (VI, 181)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 429
Statistics (VI, 184)
Coal area (VI, 637)
And see Index
Petroleum and Natural Gas
Oil in West Virginia (VI, 187-191)
Kentucky (VI, 187)
Tennessee (VI, 187)
Louisiana (VI, 191)
Texas (VI, 192)
Statistics of oil (VI, 194)
Distribution of oil and gas areas (VI, 196, 638)
Quarry Products
Building stone (VI, 199)
Centers of industry (VI, 200)
Tennessee marble (VI, 200)
Cement and Gypsum
Cement industry (VI, 202-204)
Natural cement plants (VI, 203)
Portland cement (VI, 203)
Virginia gypsum (VI, 204)
Texas gypsum (VI, 205)
Oklahoma gypsum (VI, 205)
Clay Working
Clay mining industry (VI, 207)
Manufacture of clay products (VI, 209)
Phosphates
A Southern product (VI, 211)
South Carolina (VI, 212)
Florida (VI, 213)
Tennessee (VI, 213)
Arkansas (VI, 214)
Statistics (VI, 214)
Importance of industry (VI, 640)
Gold Mining
North Carolina (VI, 217)
Georgia (VI, 217)
South Carolina (VI, 217)
Virginia (VI, 217)
Alabama (VI, 217)
Tennessee (VI, 217)
Maryland (VI, 217)
Silver Mining
Tennessee (VI, 218)
Texas (VI, 219)
Other states (VI, 218-219)
Quicksilver Mining
Texas (VI, 219)
Copper Mining
Appalachian region (VI, 219 j
Tennessee (VI, 220)
430 THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE
Lead and Zinc Mining
Missouri (VI, 221, 640)
Other states (VI, 220-222)
Iron Mining
Wide distribution of ores (VI, 223-225)
Iron industry (VI, 226)
Alabama (VI, 226-228)
Virginia (VI, 227)
Tennessee (VI, 227-228)
Georgia (VI, 227)
Iron areas (VI, 638)
And see Index
Manganese
Virginia (VI, 230)
Georgia (VI, 230)
Arkansas (VI, 230)
Tennessee (VI, 230)
Non-Metallic Minerals
Zircon (VI, 233)
Monazite (VI, 234)
Bauxite (VI, 236)
Corundum (VI, 236)
Mica (VI, 236)
Precious stones (VI, 238)
Tin (VI, 239)
Platinum (VI, 241)
Salt Industry
Virginia (VI, 249)
West Virginia (VI, 249)
Louisiana (VI, 250)
Texas (VI, 251)
And see Index
Other Mineral Industries
Mineral paints (VI, 243)
Barytes (VI, 244)
Sulphur (VI, 24-6)
Fluorite (VI, 248)
Manufactures
Conditions after the War (VI, 253 et seq.)
Cotton (VI, 255, 256, 259, 281-292)
Cottonseed oil (VI, 260, 289-292)
Sawmills (VI, 256-257, 259)
Statistics (VI, 263)
Lumber industry (VI. 267-271)
Iron and steel (VI, 271-280)
Fertilizers (VI, 292)
Turpentine and rosin (VI, 293)
Tobacco (VI, 294-295)
Diversified industries (VI, 295 et seq.)
Recent statistics (VI, 303)
Water power (VI, 560-567)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 431
Transportation and Communication
Destruction of railways by War (VI, 305)
Reconstruction and its effect on railways (VI, 307)
Upbuilding of systems (VI, 308-313)
Freight rates (VI, 314)
Street railways (VI, 316-320)
Highways (VI, 320-324)
Water routes (VI, 325-329, 647)
Merchant marine (VI, 329-333)
Internal improvements (VI, 333-338)
Telegraph and telephone lines (VI, 339-344)
Influence of the Panama Canal (VI, 642-646)
See Mississippi River, in Index
Trade and Commerce
Factorage system (VI, 345-351)
Development of foreign commerce (VI, 351-356)
National tariff policy (VI, 476-479)
Trade of Southern ports (VI, 353)
Growth of Southern ports (VI, 363-368)
Interstate commerce (VI, 357-363)
Foreign treaties and commercial policies (VI, 368-388)
Value and Exchange
Effect of Reconstruction on property values (VI, 390)
Table of values (VI, 392)
Recent changes in values (VI, 393-396)
Fluctuations in prices of agricultural products (VI, 396-404)
Fictitious dealings (VI, 405-413)
Accumulation of wealth (VI, 614-620)
Insurance (VI, 621-629)
Money and Credit
Effects of currency legislation (VI, 415-417)
Currency problems (VI, 418-420)
Agricultural credit and crop mortgages (VI, 420-425)
Banking
General survey (VI, 426-433)
Bank statistics (VI, 429)
Bank supervision (VI, 430)
Trust and bonding companies (VI, 433-438)
History of State Finances
Alabama (VI, 480-482)
Arkansas (VI, 483-486)
Florida (VI, 487-489)
Georgia (VI, 490-493)
Kentucky (VI, 493-496)
Louisiana (VI, 496-498)
Maryland (VI, 498-501)
Mississippi (VI, 501-503)
Missouri (VI, 504-507)
North Carolina (VI, 507-511)
Tennessee (VI, 512-514)
South Carolina (VI, 514-518)
Texas (VI, 519-522)
West Virginia (VI, 522-528)
Virginia (VI, 528-531)
Oklahoma (VI, 532-536)
432 THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE
INTELLECTUAL LIFE
I. LITERATURE
[NOTE: The reader is cited here only to direct references in
volumes VII and VIII; but should also consult the Index and
two volumes of Biography (XI and XII) for further readings on
any subject or person.]
Poets and Poetry Colonial and Revolutionary
"The Sot-weed Factor" (VII, 2)
"Hearts of Oak" (VII, 3)
Alexander Martin (VII, 4)
Charles Henry Wharton (VII, 4)
James McClurg (VII, 5)
Joseph Ladd Brown (VII, 5)
William Munford (VII, 5)
St. George Tucker (VII, 6)
Poets and Poetry Ante-Bellum
John Shaw (VII, 11)
William Maxwell (VII, 11)
Richard Dabney (VII, 12)
Washington Allston (VII, 12)
Richard Henry Wilde (VII, 13)
Edward Coate Pinckney (VII, 14)
Albert Pike (VII, 15, 9)
Philip Pendleton Cooke (VII, 16)
John Matthews Legare (VII. 17)
Alexander Beaufort Meek (VII, 17, 29)
James Barron Hope (VII, 18, 29)
John Reuben Thompson (VII, 18, 21)
Francis Scott Key's "Star-Spangled Banner" (VII, 19)
Theodore O'Hara's " Bivouac of the Dead " (VII, 19, 29)
James Ryder Randall's "Maryland, My Maryland" (VII,
19, 30)
Henry Timrod (VII, 20, 21)
Francis O. Ticknor (VII, 20, 29)
Margaret J. Preston (VII, 21)
Abram Joseph Ryan (VII, 21, 36)
Paul Hamilton Hayne (VII, 21, 22, 23)
Edgar Allan Poe (VII, 21, 23)
Henry Timrod (VII, 21, 22, 30)
William Gilmore Simms (VII, 21, 22)
Thomas Holley Chivers (XI, 195)
Poets and Poetry Post-Bellum
Margaret J. Preston (VII, 27)
John Reuben Thompson (VII, 29)
William Gordon McCabe (VII, 30)
Paul Hamilton Hayne (VII, 31-36)
Abram Joseph Ryan (VII, 37)
Maurice Thompson (VII, 37-39)
Irwin Russell (VII, 39-42)
Sidney Lanier (VII, 42-51)
John B. Tabb (VII, 51)
John Henry Boner (VII, 52)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 433
John Charles McNeill (VII, 52)
Benjamin F. Sledd (VII, 52)
Samuel Mintern Peck (VII, 52)
William H. Hayne (VII, 52)
Robert Loveman (VII, 52)
Carlyle McKinley (VII, 52)
Madison Cawein (VII, 52)
Frank L. Stanton (XII, 417)
Virginia Frazer Boyle (XI, 109)
Cale Young Rice (XII, 344)
Folk-Lore
Early legends (VII, 55)
The mountaineers (VII, 57)
The Indians (VII, 61)
The negroes (VII, 64)
Wit and Humor
Watterson's list of humorists (VII, 71-72)
Augustus B. Longstreet (VII, 72; VIII, xxiv et seq., 167-
179)
William Byrd (VII, 73)
David Crockett (VII, 73)
William Tappan Thompson (VII, 75; VIII, xliii, 180-185)
Johnson Jones Hooper (VII, 77; VIII, xliv, 186-201)
Joseph Glover Baldwin (VII, 79; VIII, xlvi, 202-231)
Thomas B. Thorpe (VII, 80)
George Washington Harris (VII, 81)
George D. Prentice (VII, 82)
George W. Bagby (VII, 84)
Charles Henry Smith (VII, 85)
Samuel L. Clemens ("Mark Twain") (XI, 215)
Joel Chandler Harris (VII, 86; VIII, xlix et seq., 242-258)
Richard Malcolm Johnston (VII, 86; VIII, xlviii)
Historical Studies
Early writers (VII, 88-98)
Burke's "Virginia" (VII, 99)
Neill's work (VII, 99)
William Hand Browne (VII, 99)
Alexander Browne (VII, 99-100)
Other state historians (VII, 100-105)
Benton's " Thirty Years' View " (VII, 106)
Stephens's "War Between the States" (VII, 107)
Curry's "Civil History of the Confederacy" (VII, 107)
War volumes (VII, 108-111)
Other studies (VII, 111-114)
Economic and Political Writings
Early economic writers (VII, 174)
Be Bow's "Review" (VII, 174, 175, 177, 178, 432, 455
et seq.)
Agriculture (VII, 175)
Mining, manufactures, etc. (VII, 177)
Labor (VII, 179)
The negro problem (VII, 180-188)
Baltimore " Manufacturers' Record " (VII, 435)
Social surveys (VII, 188)
Political essays (VII, 189)
28
434 THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE
Constitutional construction (VII, 192)
Party politics (VII, 195)
Sectionalism (VII, 196)
Scientific Writings
Mathematics and astronomy (VII, 200-220)
Physical science (VII, 221-237)
Natural history (VII, 238-258)
Philosophy (VII, 259-268)
Professional Literature
Law writers and their work (VII, 326-339)
Medical writings (VII, 356-371)
English text-books (VII, 115-134)
Classical studies (VII, 135-172)
Southern Newspapers
Characteristics of the Southern press (VII, 402)
Early journalism (VII, 405)
Colonial papers (VII, 409)
"The Maryland Gazette" (VII, 410)
Other Maryland papers (VII, 410 et seq.)
District of Columbia (VII, 412)
Virginia (VII, 414, 424, 425)
North Carolina (VII, 415, 425)
South Carolina (VII, 416)
Georgia (VII, 418)
Alabama (VII, 419)
Florida (VII, 419)
Mississippi (VII, 419)
Louisiana (VII, 420)
Kentucky (VII, 421)
Tennessee (VII, 422)
Texas (VII, 423)
Arkansas (VII, 423)
Dates of establishment of newspapers (VII, 426)
Also see Editors, below
Southern Editors
William Parks (VII, 470)
Other pioneers (VII, 470-471)
Thomas Ritchie (VII, 471)
John Hampden Pleasants (VII, 472)
John M. Daniel (VII, 473)
Virginia editors (yil, 474)
North Carolina editors (VII, 474)
Amos Kendall (VII, 475)
Influence of New England (VII, 475-476)
South Carolina editors (VII, 476-477)
Georgia editors (VII, 478)
Henry W. Grady (VII, 478, 479)
Tennessee editors (VII, 480)
William G. Brownlow (VII, 480)
Mississippi editors (VII, 481)
Louisiana editors (VII, 481)
A. H. Belo (VII, 482)
Henry Watterson (VII, 482)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 435
Southern Magazines
' Southern .Review " (VII, 437, 449, 463)
'Southern Literary Messenger" (VII, 437-448, 469)
'Russell's Magazine" (VII, 448, 453)
'Southern Literary Gazette" (VII, 450-451)
'Southern Quarterly Review" (VII, 452)
De Bow's "Commercial Review" (VII, 174, 175, 178, 432,
455-457, 459-460)
'The Land We Love" (VII, 458)
'The New Eclectic" (VII, 461)
'Sewanee Review" (VII, 466, 467)
'South Atlantic Quarterly" (VII, 466)
'Uncle Remus's Magazine" (VII, 468)
Other magazines (VII, 451, 458, 461, 462)
Fiction Ante-Bellum
Edgar Allan Poe (VIII, xi-xxiv)
"The Fall of the House of Usher" (VIII, 1-24)
"The Gold-Bug" (VIII, 24-68)
John Pendleton Kennedy (VIII, xxiii, xxxiv-xxxix)
" Horse-Shoe Robinson " (VIII, 102-123)
"Swallow Barn" (VIII, 123-158)
William Gilmore Simms (VIII, xxiii, xxiv-xxxiv)
"The Yemassee" (VIII, 69-89)
"The Partisan" (VIII, 89-101)
Augustus B. Longstreet (VII, 72; VIII, xxiv, xl-xliii)
"Georgia Scenes" (VIII, 167-179)
John Esten Cooke (VIII, xxxix-xl)
"The Virginia Comedians" (VIII, 159-166)
William Tappan Thompson (VII, 75; VIII, xliii)
"Major Jones's Courtship" (VIII, 180-185)
Joseph Glover Baldwin (VII, 79; VIII, xlvi-xlvii)
"Flush Times in Alabama and Mississippi" (VIII, 202-
231)
Johnson Jones Hooper (VII, 77; VIII, xliv-xlv)
"Simon Suggs" (VIII, 186-201)
Richard Malcolm Johnston (VII, 86; VIII, xlviii)
Fiction Post-Bellum
Beginnings of a new literature (VIII, xlix)
Joel Chandler Harris (VII, 86; VIII, xlix, lii-liv, Ixiv)
"Nights with Uncle Remus" (VIII, 232-242)
"Free Joe" (VIII, 242-258)
George W. Cable (VIII, xlix, liv, Iviii, Ix-lxii)
"Old Creole Days" (VIII, 259-272)
"The Grandissimes " (VIII, 272-277)
Mary Noailles Murfree (" Charles Egbert Craddock ")
(VIII, xlix, lix)
"The Prophet of the Great Smoky Mountains" (VIII,
278-290)
"In the Tennessee Mountains" (VIII, 290-315)
Thomas Nelson Page (VIII, xlix, liv, Ixiv)
"In Ole Virginia" (VIII, 316-329)
James Lane Allen (VIII, xlix, liv, Ix, 330-358)
Mrs. Burton Harrison "Crow's Nest" (VII, 409-425)
Mary Johnston (VIII, xlix, Ixiii)
"Lewis Rand" (VIII, 380-408)
436 THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE
Ellen Glasgow (VIII, xlix, Ixiii)
"The Battle-Ground" (VIII, 359-369)
"The Voice of the People" (VIII, 370-379)
F. Hopkinson Smith (VIII, 1; XII, 401)
Frances Little
"The Lady of the Decoration" (VII, 434-444)
Grace Elizabeth King (VIII, Ixii)
"Balcony Stories" (VIII, 426-433)
Ruth McEnery Stuart (VIII, 1; XII, 429)
[NOTE: For all of above, also see Biography volumes. Other
writers not cited in volumes VII and VIII are numerous and can
be found by consulting volumes XI and XII. The more im-
portant names are given below.]
Virginia Frazer Boyle (XI, 109)
Frances Hodgson Burnett (XI, 144)
Amelie Rives Chanler (XI, 187)
Kate Chopin (XI, 196)
Mary E. M. avis (XI, 266)
Julia C. R. Dorr (XI, 288)
Will Allen Dromgoole (XI, 396)
Harry Stillwell Edwards (XI, 313)
George Gary Eggleston (XI, 314)
Sarah Barnwell Elliott (XI, 317)
John Fox, Jr. (XI, 364)
Will N. Harben (XI, 440)
Lafcadio Hearn (XI, 471)
Joseph H. Ingraham (XI, 534)
Prentiss I. Ingraham (XI, 535)
Annie Fellows Johnston (XII, 8)
Brander Matthews (XII, 173)
Opie Read (XII, 337)
Alice Hegan Rice (XII, 343)
Molly Elliott Seawell (XII, 375)
Emma D. E. N. Southworth (XII, 411)
Mary V. H. Terhune (XII, 446)
Augusta Evans Wilson (XII, 562)
II. ORATORY
Colonial Period
Early influences (IX, 1-5)
Influence of preachers (IX, 6)
Mutterings of Revolution (IX, 7 et seq.)
Revolutionary Period
Richard Henry Lee (IX, 14-17; XII, 77)
Patrick Henry (IX, 18-22, 105-108, 171-178; XI, 481)
Dabney Carr (IX, 22-24; XI, 179)
South Carolina orators (IX, 26, 29)
Georgia orators (IX, 28)
John Rutledge (IX, 92)
Federal Period
John Randolph of Roanoke (IX, 32; XII, 328)
William Pinckney (IX, 33, 112-116, 226-270; XII, 290)
Luther Martin (IX, 110-112, 179-192)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 437
William Wirt (IX, 33, 116, 386-389; XII, 567)
John Marshall (IX, 34, 108; XII, 163)
Robert G. Harper (IX, 34; XI, 447)
James Barbour (IX, 34; XI, 42)
William B. Giles (IX, 34)
William Gaston (IX, 34; XI, 390)
Henry Clay (IX, 38-40, 99-101, 193-225; XI, 208)
John C. Calhoun (IX, 40-44, 94-99, 303-311; XI, 156,
Thomas H. Benton (IX, 44-46; III, 207 et seq.; XI, 72)
.Robert Y. Hayne (IX, 46, 94, 342-344; XI, 464)
John Bell (IX, 48; XI, 66)
John M. Berrien (IX, 48; XI, 76)
Thomas F. Marshall (IX, 48)
James McDowell (IX, 49)
Hugh S. Legare (IX, 49; XII, 88)
Howell Cobb (IX, 49; XI, 218)
Felix Grundy (IX, 49; XI, 427)
William C. Preston (IX, 50; XII, 316)
George McDuffie (IX, 51, 287-302; XII, 135)
Seargent S. Prentiss (IX, 51, 118-120, 390-395; XII, 311)
War Period
Jefferson Davis (IX, 54-56, 412-417; XI, 260)
Judah P. Benjamin (IX, 56; XI, 68)
Alexander H. Stephens (IX, 57, 402-411; XII, 419)
Robert A. Toombs (IX, 57-60, 101, 312-328; XII, 463)
Benjamin H. Hill (IX, 60-62, 72, 93, 354-373; XI, 494)
Herschel V. Johnson (IX, 62; XI, 574)
Andrew Johnson (IX, 63-64, 345-353; XI, 567)
John C. Breckenridge (IX, 64, 396-401; XI, 118)
Henry S. Foote (IX, 65; XI, 354)
Henry A. Wise (IX, 66; XII, 570)
William L. Yancey (IX, 67, 329-341; XII, 577)
Henry W. Hilliard (IX, 67)
Louis T. Wigfall (IX, 68; XII, 554)
Pulpit orators (IX, 68-69)
Modern Period
Charles B. Galloway (IX, 75)
Henry W. Grady (IX, 76-78, 374-385; XI, 418)
Edward W. Carmack (IX, 78-79)
George G. Vest (IX, 79-80)
Joseph Wheeler (IX, 80)
Walter H. Page (IX, 81)
Thomas E. Watson (IX, 81-82, 85-86, 454-471)
Robert L. Henry (IX, 82)
Clarence Ousley (IX, 82)
Charles S. Barrett (IX, 83)
L. Q. C. Lamar (IX, 93; XII, 48)
Charles D. Mclver (IX, 84)
Joseph H. Daviess (IX, 121-122)
William C. P. Breckenridge (IX, 418-434)
John Temple Graves (IX, 435-440)
Wilbur F. Browder (IX, 441-453)
Henry Watterson (IX, 472-479)
Ben Lee Hardin (IX, 480-485)
Charles H. Smith (IX, 486-491)
E. Y. Mullins (IX, 492-499)
438 THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE
Sam Jones (IX, 500-514)
Pulpit orators (IX, 128-157)
III. EDUCATION
General Survey
Education in the colonies (X, 184-195)
Education prior to the War (X, 196-208)
Education since the War (X, 209-218)
Kindergartens (X, 381-386)
Elementary education (X, 282-293)
Secondary education (X, 272-281)
Higher education (X, 219-236)
Higher education of women (X, 260-271)
Normal education (X, 294-303)
Educational Advance in the States
Alabama (II, 275, 329)
Arkansas (X, 205)
Florida (III, 39, 78)
Georgia (II, 226; X, 202)
Kentucky (I, 329; X, 204)
Louisiana (III, 175)
Maryland (I, 228; X, 199)
Mississippi (II, 397, 454)
Missouri (III, 251)
North Carolina (I, 476, 512; X, 199)
South Carolina (II, 50, 116; X, 201)
Tennessee (II, 490, 544; X, 204)
Texas (III, 394, 443)
Virginia (I, 137; X, 198)
West Virginia (I, 404)
Technical and Professional Education
Agricultural education (X, 370-380)
Technical education (X, 345-356)
Industrial education (X, 357-370)
Medical colleges (X, 305-311)
Theological schools (X, 312-324)
Legal education (X, 325-344)
Education of the Negro
Schools and institutions (VII, 537-540; X, 405)
The Jeanes Fund (X, 397)
Progress of education (X, 418)
Results of education (VII, 529, 533, 540)
Higher education (X, 255)
See also Negro, in Index
College and Culture Work
Historical studies (VII, 88-114)
English studies (VII, 115-134)
Classical studies (VII, 136-173)
Mathematics and Astronomy (VII, 200-220)
Physical Science (VII, 222-239)
Natural history (VII, 240-258)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 439
Philosophy (VII, 259-268)
New England influences (VII, 296-316)
Colleges and Universities
General survey (X, 237-260)
Higher education (X, 219-241)
Higher education of women (X, 254)
Higher education of negroes (X, 255)
Agricultural and mechanical colleges (X, 247)
Denominational schools (X, 249)
Theological seminaries (X, 312)
Medical colleges (X, 305)
List of colleges and universities (X, 255-258)
State Universities
General survey (X, 242-247)
List with date of founding (X, 255)
Alabama (II, 275)
Arkansas (X, 255)
Florida (III, 29)
Georgia (II, 150, 238)
Kentucky (VII, 154)
Louisiana (III, 154, 177)
Maryland (I, 132)
Mississippi (II, 390, 398)
Missouri (III, 253)
North Carolina (I, 474)
South Carolina (II, 120)
Tennessee (II, 479, 545)
Texas (III, 394, 444)
Virginia (VII, 122, 136)
West Virginia (I, 406)
And see Index
Educational Agencies and Ideals
The Peabody Fund (X, 387)
The Slater Fund (X, 389)
The Southern Education Board (X, 390)
The General Education Board (X, 392)
The Carnegie Foundation (X, 394)
The Sage Foundation (X, 396)
The Jeanes Fund (X, 397)
Ideals and tendencies (X, 398-425)
Libraries
Early interest in Virginia (VII, 484)
William Byrd's library (VII, 487)
Charles Brown's library (VII, 487)
Orlando Jones's library (VII, 488)
Thomas Jefferson's library (VII, 488-490)
Bray and Public libraries (VII, 490-491)
William and Mary College library (VII, 492)
Charleston Library Society (VII, 493-495)
Other public libraries (VII, 495-497)
College libraries (VII, 497 et seq.)
Historical society records (VII, 499)
Destruction during the War (VII, 500)
Progress since the War (VII, 501-510)
440 THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE
IV. THE PROFESSIONS
[NOTE: See also Index and Biographies for further references to
subjoined names.]
Professors of English
George Blatterman (VII, 120)
Schele De Vere (VII, 120)
Charles W. Kent (VII, 121)
James A. Harrison (VII, 121)
Edward B. Sims (VII, 123)
Thomas R. Price (VII, 124)
Edward S. Joynes (VII, 124)
Thomas Hume (VII, 124)
Robert Sharp (VII, 127)
William M. Baskervill (VII, 127)
W. A. Frantz (VII, 127)
John Lesslie Hall (VII, 127)
Charles Morris (VII, 127)
John R. Ficklen (VII, 127)
James H. Kirkland (VII, 129)
Charles W. Kent (VII, 130)
James D. Bruce (VII, 130)
William P. Trent (VII, 130)
James W. Bright (VII, 132)
W. P. Few (VII, 132)
Edwin Mims (VII, 133)
John Bell Henneman (VII, 134)
Classical Professors
George Long (VII, 136)
Gessner Harrison (VII, 137)
Edward S. Joynes (VII, 139)
Lewis M. Coleman (VII, 140)
Basil L. Gildersleeve (VII, 140)
William E. Peters (VII, 142)
Thomas Fitzhugh (VII, 144)
Thomas R. Price (VII, 145)
John H. Wheeler (VII, 145)
Milton W. Humphreys (VII, 147, 155)
Manuel Fetter (VII, 150)
Eben Alexander (VII, 152)
Addison Hogue (VII, 153)
E. W. Fay (VII, 153)
Walter Blair (VII, 154)
John H. Neville (VII, 154)
W. S. Wyman (VII, 155)
James H. Kirkland (VII, 156)
Richard H. Jesse (VII, 157)
Moses Waddel (VII, 157, 160)
Willis H. Bocock (VII, 158)
Charles W. Bain (VII, 158)
F. W. Coleman (VII, 163)
W. Gordon McCabe (VII, 166)
Henry Tutweiler (VII, 168)
David Cal dwell (VII, 168)
The Binghams (VII, 169-170)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 441
Professors of Mathematics and Science
Hugh Jones (VII, 202)
William Small (VII, 203)
Charles Bonnycastle (VII, 204)
Edward H. Courtenay (VII, 204)
Albert T. Bledsoe (VII, 205)
Joseph Caldwell (VII, 205)
James Wallace (VII, 207)
James B. Dodd (VII, 207)
Frederick A. P. Barnard (VII, 207)
Charles S. Venable (VII, 210)
William M. Thornton (VII, 211)
Ormond Stone (VII, 213)
B. F. Finkel (VII, 214)
J. J. Sylvester (VII, 215)
Florian Cajori (VII, 217)
William B. Smith (VII, 217-218)
George Bruce Halsted (VII, 218)
William Chauvenet (VII, 218)
E. R. Hedrick (VII, 219)
Gerard Troost (VII, 223, 247)
J. W. Mallet (VII, 225)
Robert E. Rogers (VII, 227)
John William Draper (VII, 232)
Matthew F. Maury (VII, 232)
John LeConte (VII, 233)
William B. Rogers (VII, 235)
W. Le Conte Stevens (VII, 237)
Joseph Le Conte (VII, 254, 265)
Nathaniel S. Shaler (VII, 266)
Noah K. Davis (VII, 266)
James M. Baldwin (VII, 267)
Other professors (VII, 228 et seq.)
Lawyers
James Madison (VII, 327)
Thomas Jefferson (VII, 326, 343)
John Marshall (VII, 326, 343)
St. George Tucker (VII, 327)
Henry St. George Tucker (VII, 328)
Nathaniel B. Tucker (VII, 328)
Edward Livingston (VII, 329)
Hugh S. Legare (VII, 330)
John C. Calhoun (VII, 331)
James M. Walker (VII, 331)
Conway Robinson (VII, 332)
Alexander H. Stephens (VII, 332)
Judah P. Benjamin (VII, 333)
John B. Minor (VII, 334)
John R. Tucker (VII, 334)
Augustus H. Garland (VII, 335)
John W. Daniel (VII, 335)
William W. Howe (VII, 335)
Hannis Taylor (VII, 336)
C. G. Tiedeman (VII, 336)
John Hay wood (VII, 344)
W. C. C. Claiborne (VII, 344)
William Cocke (VII, 344)
442 THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE
Patrick Henry (VII, 345)
Lawyers of the War period (VII, 346)
Other names (VII, 349-354)
Physicians and Surgeons
John Mitchell (VII, 356)
John Tennant (VII, 356)
Thomas Walker (VII, 357)
William Cabell (VII, 357)
William Bull (VII, 357)
Physicians in the Revolution (VII, 358)
Benjamin Rush (VII, 360)
William Baynham (VII, 361)
John P. Mettauer (VII, 361)
Ephraim McDowell (VII, 362)
William C. Daniel (VII, 363)
John King (VII, 363)
J. L. E. W. Shecut (VII, 363)
Benjamin W. Dudley (VII, 364)
William McDowell (VII, 364)
Paul F. Eve (VII, 364)
Daniel Drake (VII, 364)
Marion Sims (VII, 366)
Other names (VII, 355-371)
Clergymen
William Capers (X, 512)
William Meade (X, 512, 522)
J. William Jones (X, 513)
John C. Keener (X, 514)
John L. Dagg (X, 515)
John A. Broadus (X, 515)
Jabez L. M. Curry (X, 515, 516)
James P. Boyce (X, 515, 516)
Richard Fuller (X, 515, 517)
William McKendree (X, 517)
Henry B. Bascom (X, 518)
George F. Pierce (X, 518)
Augustus B. Longstreet (X, 519)
Albert T. Bledsoe (X, 519)
James H. Thornwell (X, 520)
Benjamin M. Palmer (X, 521)
Moses D. Hoge (X, 521)
Leonidas Polk (X, 523)
Richard H. Wilmer (X, 525)
Martin J. Spalding (X, 524)
Abram J. Ryan (X, 525)
Alexander Campbell (X, 525)
Charles F. Deems (X, 526)
James, Cardinal Gibbons (X, 538; XI, 398)
AESTHETIC LIFE
Music and Musicians
Early history (VII, 372 et seq.)
Charleston an early musical center (VII, 374-378)
Maryland musical activities (VII, 378)
Virginia (VII, 379)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 443
Georgia (VII, 379)
Lowell Mason (VII, 382)
Opera in New Orleans (VII, 386-389)
Louis Moreau Gottschalk (VII, 389-390)
William Mason (VII, 389)
John Henry Wilcox (VII, 390-391)
Frank Van Der Stucken (VII, 391)
Negro music (VII, 392-395)
Patriotic songs (VII, 395-397)
Present-day music (VII, 397-401)
Institutional work (VII, 400)
Painting and Painters
Local conditions (X, 674 et seq.)
List of artists and their works (X, 679-680)
Washington Allston (X, 676, 679; XI, 11)
James Bogle (XI, 96)
Frederick A. Bridgman (XI, 120)
Christopher P. Cranch (XI, 235)
Frank Duveneck (XI, 308)
Charles Fraser (XI, 365)
Edward L. Henry (XI, 478)
John B. Irving (XI, 537)
Matthew H. Jouett (XII, 27)
Edward G. Malbone (XII, 153)
George B. Matthews (XII, 175)
Charles W. Peale (XII, 255)
Amory C. Simons (XII, 392)
John B. White (XII, 549)
.Rufus F. Zogbaum (XII, 585)
Sculpture and Sculptors
General survey (X, 682-686)
List of sculptors by states (X, 686)
William R. Barbee (XI. 41)
William Couper (XI, 232)
Moses J. Ezekiel (XI, 331)
Alexander Gait (XI, 380)
Joel Hart (XI, 459)
Edward Kemeys (XII, 31)
Ephraim Keyser (XII, 39)
Henry A. Lukeman (XII, 120)
William H. Rinehart (XII, 348)
Edward V. Valentine (XII, 492)
Enid Yandell (XII, 580)
Architecture and Architects
General character of Southern architecture (X, 687)
Architecture of English origin (X, 690)
Public buildings and churches (X, 693)
French and Spanish types (X, 695)
Robert Mills (XII, 194)
Henry H. Richardson (VII, 325)
Thomas Jefferson's plan for the University of Virginia (X,
694)
Pottery
Clay a valuable asset (X, 697)
Historical sketch (X. 698-701)
444 THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE
Modern clay industries (X, 701)
Maryland (X, 701)
West Virginia (X, 703)
Virginia (X, 704)
North Carolina (X, 705)
South Carolina (X, 705)
Georgia (X, 705'
Florida (X, 706,
Alabama (X, 706)
Mississippi (X, 707)
Louisiana (X, 708)
Texas (X, 710)
Tennessee (X, 711)
Kentucky (X, 711)
SOCIAL LIFE
I. MANNERS AND CUSTOMS
The Upper South
Life before the War (X, 1)
Influence of slavery (X, 3)
City life (X, 8)
Country life (X, 11)
Negro influence (X, 14)
Aristocracy of the Northern Neck (X, 63-72)
Decline of the old system (X, T4)
The old regime in Virginia (X, 77-96)
See Upper South, and Northern Neck, in Index
The Lower South
Local conditions (X, 16)
An inherited social system (X, 18)
The rise of the Lower South (X, 20)
The cotton kingdom (X, 22)
The negro problem (X, 25-31)
Literary isolation (X, 32)
Civil conflict (X, 34)
The New South (X, 36)
See Lower South, Negro and Slavery in Index
The Appalachian Region
The territory (X, 38)
Mountain life (X, 38)
Work for the children of mountaineers (X, 41)
II. RACIAL ELEMENTS
European Influences
Diverse elements in society (X, 44)
English influences (X, 47)
French influences (X, 50, 62)
German influences (X, 58)
Spanish influences (X, 61)
English Settlements
Colonial (X, 97)
National (X, 107)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 445
French Settlements
French Huguenots (X, 119)
The Creoles in Louisiana (X, 121)
French occupation (X, 123)
Spanish Explorations and Settlements
Florida (X, 127 et seq.)
New Mexico (X, 133)
Missions and presidios in Texas (X, 134)
Spain in control of the Southwest (X, 136)
Decline of power (X, 136-138)
German Settlements
General statistics (X, 139)
Growth of settlements (X, 140)
Jewish Influence
Jewish record in Southern history (X, 151)
Activities in public life (X, 155-159)
Influence of Judaism (X, 552-567)
The Indian
Leading tribes (X, 160-165)
Also see Index
The Negro
American origins (X, 166)
The negro under slavery (X, 174)
The free negro (X, 179-183)
Also see Negro, and Slavery in Index
III. RELIGION
Religious Influences
Development of religious liberty (X, 466)
The Act of Toleration (X, 468)
The Virginia Bill of Rights (X, 475)
Support of religion by the state (X, 479)
Special features of religious life (X, 434)
Organized benevolence (X, 435)
The missionary spirit (X, 436, 464)
The Southern pulpit (X, 510-526)
Denominational Accomplishment
General survey (X, 430)
Influence of Protestantism (X, 527-537)
Influence of Catholicism (X, 538-551)
Influence of Judaism (X, 552-567)
The Established Church in Virginia (X, 437-453)
Protestant Episcopal Church (X, 454)
.Roman Catholic Church (X, 455)
Presbyterian Church (X, 457)
Baptist Church (X, 458)
Methodist Church (X, 460)
Disciples of Christ (X, 462)
Other Religious Fields
The Young Men's Christian Association (X, 482-491)
The Young Women's Christian Association (XI, 635)
The Sunday School (X, 492-499)
446
The Laymen's Missionary Movement (X, 500-509)
The missionary spirit (X, 436, 464)
IV. SOCIAL WELFARE MOVEMENTS
Temperance Reform
History of liquor traffic (X, 568)
Rise of prohibition movement (X, 569)
Present-day progress (X, 571-581)
Child Labor
What child labor means (X, 582)
Attitude of mill owners (X, 589)
Laws on child labor (X, 592)
Farmers' Cooperative Work
Reforms needed in rural life (X, 603)
The remedy offered by demonstration work (X, 604)
How instruction is offered (X, 605 et seq.)
Results (X, 609-615)
Woman's Work
Social and economic work (X, 623)
Hospital and charity work (X, 624)
Memorial work (X, 629)
Educational work (X, 631, 638-644)
Southern club women (X, 633)
The Young Women's Christian Association (X, 635)
Women in literature (X, 636)
Social Uplift
Care and treatment of defectives (X, 597-602)
Settlement work in the mountains (X, 616-622)
Fraternal Organizations
Free Masonry (X, 645)
Odd Fellows (X, 648)
Red Men (X, 649)
Knights of Pythias (X, 649)
The Elks (X, 650)
Characteristics and benefits (X, 650-653)
PUBLIC SERVICE
[NOTE: Only the Biography volumes are here cited. The Index
will be found rich in references to the subjoined names.]
Presidents from the South
George Washington (XII, 514)
Thomas Jefferson (XI, 557)
James Madison (XII, 146)
James Monroe (XII, 199)
Andrew Jackson (XI, 540)
William Henry Harrison (XI, 456)
John Tyler (XII, 486)
James K. Polk (XII, 299)
Zachary Taylor (XII, 443)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 447
Abraham Lincoln (XII, 97)
Andrew Johnson (XI, 567)
Vicc-Presidents
Thomas Jefferson (XI, 557)
John C. Calhoun (XI, 156)
Richard M. Johnson (XII, 2)
William R. King (XII, 43)
John Tyler (XII, 486)
John C. Breckenridge (XI, 118)
Andrew Johnson (XI, 567)
Secretaries of State
Thomas Jefferson (XI, 557)
Edmund Randolph (XII, 336)
John Marshall (XII, 163)
James Madison (XII, 146)
James Monroe (XII, 199)
Henry Clay (XI, 208)
Edward Livingston (XII, 105)
John Forsyth (XI, 360)
Abel P. Upshur (XII, 491)
John C. Calhoun (XI, 156)
Hugh S. Legare (XII, 88)
Secretaries of War
James McHenry (XII, 139)
James Monroe (XII, 199)
William H. Crawford (XI, 236)
John C. Calhoun (XI, 156)
James Barbour (XI, 42)
John H. Eaton (XI, 311)
Joel ,R. Poinsett (XII, 298)
John Bell (XI, 66)
Charles M. Conrad (XI, 224)
Jefferson Davis (XI, 260)
John B. Floyd (XI, 352)
Stephen B. Elkins (XI, 316)
Luke E. Wright (XII, 574)
Secretaries of the Navy
John Branch (XI, 113)
Abel P. Upshur (XII, 491)
Thomas W. Gilmer (XI, 406)
William B. Preston (XII, 316)
William A. Graham (XI, 420)
John P. Kennedy (XII, 33)
James C. Dobbin (XI, 285)
Secretaries of the Interior
Jacob Thompson (XII, 453)
L. Q. C. Lamar (XII, 48)
Hoke Smith (XII, 403)
Secretaries of the Treasury
George W. Campbell (XI, 17)
William H. Crawford (XI, 236)
Roger B. Taney (XII, 432)
James Guthrie (XI,
448 THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE
Howell Cobb (XI, 218)
John G. Carlisle (XI, 177)
Postmasters-General
.William T. Barry (XI, 53)
Cave Johnson (XI, 572)
Aaron V. Brown (XI, 126)
David M. Key (XII, 38)
Horace Maynard (XII, 179)
Montgomery Blair (XI, 88)
Wilfiam L. Wilson (XII, 562)
Attorneys-General
Edmund Randolph (XII, 326)
Charles Lee (XII, 70)
John Breckenridge (XI, 116)
William Pinkney (XII, 290)
William Wirt (XII, 567)
John M. Berrien (XI, 76)
Roger B. Taney (XII, 432)
Felix Grundy (XI, 427)
John J. Crittenden (XI, 238)
Hugh S. Legare (XII, 88)
Reverdy Johnson (XII, 1)
Augustus H. Garland (XI, 382)
Chief-Justices
John Rutledge (XII, 367)
John Marshall (XII, 163)
Roger B. Taney (XII, 432)
Edward D. White (XII, 546)
Speakers of House of Representatives
Henry Clay (XI, 208)
Langdon Cheves (XI, 192)
Philip P. Barbour (XI, 43)
John Bell (XI, 66)
James K. Polk (XII, 299)
Robert M. T. Hunter (XI, 529)
Howell Cobb (XI, 218)
Linn Boyd (XI, 108)
James L. Orr (XII, 241)
John G. Carlisle (XI, 177)
Civil Officers of the Confederacy
President
Jefferson Davis (XI, 260)
Vice-President
Alexander H. Stephens (XII, 419)
Secretaries of State
Robert Toombs (XII, 463)
Robert M. T. Hunter (XI, 529)
Judah P. Benjamin (XI, 68)
Secretaries of War
Leroy P. Walker (XII, 504)
James A. Seddon (XII, 376)
John C. Breckenridge (XI, 118)
George W. Randolph (XII, 327)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 449
Secretary of the Navy
Stephen ,R. Mallory (XII, 155)
Secretaries of the Treasury
C. G. Memminger (XII, 186)
George A. Trenholm (XII, 470)
A ttorneys-General
Thomas H. Watts (XII, 533)
Judah P. Benjamin (XI, 68)
Thomas Bragg (XI, 113)
George Davis (XI, 259)
Thomas H. Watts (XII, 533)
Generals Colonial and Federal
Robert Armstrong (XI, 24)
Henry Atkinson (XI, 27)
James Bankhead (XI, 39)
William O. Butler (XI, 147)
Thomas L. Crittenden (XI, 239)
John C. Fremont (XI, 365)
Edmund P. Gaines (XI, 376)
William Henry Harrison (XI, 456)
Samuel Houston (XI, 516)
Francis K. Huger (XI, 524)
Isaac Huger (XI, 525)
George Izard (XI, 539)
Andrew Jackson (XI, 540)
Richard W. Johnson (XII, 3)
Andrew Lewis (XII, 92)
Francis Marion (XII, 159)
William Moultrie (XII, 218)
Andrew Pickens (XII, 278)
Winfield Scott (XII, 372)
Thomas Sumter (XII, 430)
Josiah Tattnall (XII, 435, 436)
Zachary Taylor (XII, 442)
George H. Thomas (XII, 449)
George Washington (XII, 514)
James Wilkinson (XII, 558)
James Winchester (XII, 564)
Generals Confederate
Robert H. Anderson (XI, 13)
George B. Anderson (XI, 14)
Richard H. Anderson (XI, 16)
William B. Bate (XI, 55)
P. G. T. Beauregard (XI, 62)
Hamilton P. Bee (XI, 64)
Francis P. Blair (XI, 85)
Milledge L. Bonham (XI, 99)
Braxton Bragg (XI, 112)
John C. Brown (XI, 127)
Simon B. Buckner (XI, 137)
Matthew C. Butler (XI, 145)
Benjamin F. Cheatham (XI, 190)
Henry D. Clayton (XI, 212)
Patrick R. Cleburne (XI, 213)
Alfred H. Colquitt (XI, 222).
Samuel Cooper (XI, 229)
29
450 THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE
George B. Crittenden (XI, 237)
Basil W. Duke (XI, 303)
Jubal A. Early (XI, 308)
Benjamin S. Ewell (XI, 327)
Richard S. Ewell (XI, 328)
Nathan B. Forrest (XI, 357)
Samuel G. French (XI, 368)
John B. Gordon (XI, 411)
Wade Hampton (XI, 439)
William J. Hardee (XI, 441)
Ambrose P. Hill (XI, 491)
Daniel H. Hill (XI, 495)
John B. Hood (XI, 507)
Thomas J. (" Stonewall ") Jackson (XI, 549)
Bradley T. Johnson (XI, 571)
Albert Sidney Johnston (XII, 5)
Joseph E. Johnston (XII, 9)
Thomas Jordan (XII, 25)
Joseph B. Kershaw (XII, 36)
Evander M. Law (XII, 62)
Fitzhugh Lee (XII, 71)
Robert E. Lee (XII, 79)
Stephen D. Lee (XII, 85)
Lunsford L. Lomax (XII, 109)
James Longstreet (XII, 112)
William W. Loring (XII, 114)
Ben McCulloch (XII, 133)
John B. Magruder (XII, 151)
John S. Marmaduke (XII, 161)
Babney H. Maury (XII, 175)
John H. Morgan (XII, 209)
John Pegram (XII, 258)
John C. Pemberton (XII, 260)
George E. Pickett (XII, 280)
Gideon J. Pillow (XII, 284)
Leonidas Polk (XII. 302)
Sterling Price (XII, 316)
Gabriel J. Rains (XII, 320)
Robert E. Rodes (XII, 356)
E. Kirby Smith (XII, 399)
Alexander P. Stewart (XII, 423)
James E. B. Stuart (XII, 427)
.Richard Taylor (XII, 439)
Isaac R. Trimble (XII, 472)
Earl Van Dorn (XII, 495)
Joseph Wheeler (XII, 541)
Cadmus M. Wilcox (XII. 555)
Pierce M. B. Young (XII, 583)
Felix K. Zollicoffer (XII, 586)
Naval Officers
James Armstrong (XI, 23)
John P. Bankhead (XI, 40)
James Barron (XI, 49, 51)
Samuel Barron (XI, 50)
Franklin Buchanan (XI, 135)
James D. Bulloch (XI, 140)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 451
Richard Dale (XI, 252)
Robley D. Evans (XI, 326)
David G. Farragut (XI, 336)
Richmond P. Hobson (XI, 500)
John Paul Jones (XII, 19)
Matthew F. Maury (XII, 176)
Robert B. Pegram (XII, 258)
Edwin C. Pendleton (XII, 266)
Winfield S. Schley (XII, 371)
Raphael Semmes (XII, 377)
John T. Shubrick (XII, 388)
William B. Shubrick (XII, 389)
Charles Steedman (XII, 418)
Thomas H. Stevens (XII, 422)
James I. Waddell (XII, 501)
Lewis Warrington (XII, 512)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
How did settlement and colonization differ in the South from
that of the New England coast? (I, xxiv)
How were the Southern colonies governed, and by what
nations? (I, xxviii See states also.)
Was the spirit of Revolution the same in the South as in the
North? (I, xxx )
What sacrifices did the South make to enter the Federal
Union? (I, xxxii)
How many Presidents have come from the South? Name
them (I, xxxiv)
What other famous statesmen has the South contributed to
the Union? (I, xxxv)
How early did the slavery question arise? (I, xxxviii)
What share did the South have in the Declaration of Inde-
pendence? (IV, 70) In the framing and adoption of
the Federal Constitution? (IV, 108)
What military leaders did it contribute to the War of Inde-
pendence? (I, 92, 183, 470; II, 31, 147)
What four Southerners are famous in naval history? (XI,
336, 500; XII, 19, 377)
What Southern general was in command in the Mexican War ?
XII, 372)
Name fifteen noted generals who fought for the Southern
cause (XI, 62, 112, 213, 308, 328, 357, 411, 549; XII,
9, 79, 112, 215, 280, 427, 541)
What President was taught to read and write by his wife?
(XI, 567)
For what talents and deeds was Jefferson famous? (XI, 557)
452 THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE
When did political parties originate? (IV, 321)
When and by what conventions did the Southern states first
come together for interstate cooperation? (IV, 173)
What part did the South play in the War of 1812 ? (IV, 262) ;
in the Mexican War? (IV, 271)
Upon what grounds was the principle of secession based?
(IV, 472)
How did President Johnson's plan of Reconstruction differ
from that of Congress? (IV, 590)
What were the land systems of the English colonies in the
South? (V, 34)
When was the first tobacco shipped to England? (V, 158)
When and where was the culture of rice first introduced?
(V, 169)
What different classes of labor were in the old South? (V,
86)
When were the first railroads built? (V, 358)
What kind of currency was used in colonial and early state
days? (V, 442)
What Southern states tried the experiment of state banks,
and with what result? (V, 461)
What economic causes lay back of the War of Secession? (V,
656)
What have been the most valuable Southern crops since the
War? (VI, 66, 72, 78, 87)
What are the chief minerals produced? (VI, 175) ,
In what lines of manufacturing does the South excel? (VI,
253)
What are the principal Southern ports? (VI, 326, 353, 363)
How will the Panama Canal affect Southern trade? (VI,
642)
Who were the principal Southern poets before the War? (VII,
8) After the War? (VII, 25)
Who wrote " The Star-Spangled Banner," and under what
circumstances? (XII, 39)
Who wrote "Maryland, My Maryland," and when? (XII,
324)
Who wrote the martial words of " Dixie "? (XII, 284)
What Catholic writer has been called " The Poet of the Con-
federacy"? (XII, 368)
What noted novelists have come from the South? (Vol.
VIII) Humorists? (VII, 73)
What state has produced two literatures? (VII, 317)
What two great composers have come from the South? (VII,
389)
READING AND STUDY COURSES 453
What city was the musical center of the old South? (VII,
386)
When was the first Southern newspaper printed, and where?
(VII, 410)
What literary magazine was famous before the War; and
what great writers contributed to it? (VII, 437)
Mention ten famous orators whom the South has produced
(VII, 351; Vol. IX)
Who was the " Great Kentuckian " ? (XI, 208) The " Great
Missourian"? (XI, 72)
In what way did Clay and Calhoun differ as to States' Rights?
(IV, 330)
What painters have come from the South? (X, 679)
What peoples and races have met and fused in the South?
(X, 44)
What two racial problems has the South had to face? (X,
160, 166; IV, 423)
What state had a landed aristocracy to a noteworthy degree?
(X, 77)
In what states did the English influence predominate? (X,
47) The Spanish? (X, 61) The French? (X, 50, 61)
What were the causes which led up to the Mexican War?
(IV, 27)
What was the " secret war " of 1798, and what part did the
South play in it? (IV, 259)
What was the South's share in the Spanish- American War?
(IV, 649)
What influence has the Roman Catholic Church had upon
Southern life and culture? (X, 538, 455)
What states have been most influenced by the Protestant
Episcopal Church? (X, 454) The Presbyterian? (X,
457) The Methodist? (X, 460) The Baptist? (X,
458)
In what states has German settlement been noteworthy? (X,
139)
What part have the Jews had in Southern life? (X, 151)
Make a list of the prominent state and denominational Uni-
versities of the South (X, 237)
What noted Southern jurist was Chief-Justice for thirty
years? (XII, 163)
What Southerners are among the Founders of the American
Nation? (XI, 557; XII, 77, 146, 163, 514)
Under what Southern President was the Louisiana Purchase
consummated? (XI, 557)
454: THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE
Under what Southern President was Texas and the Pacific
slope added to the United States? (XII, 299)
Under what Southern President was Alaska added? (XI, 567)
What Southern state generously ceded all rights to the North-
west Territory to the Union? (I, 101)
What two explorers from the South opened up the Yellow-
stone country and the Far West? (XII, 95)
What territory was ceded to the Union by Georgia? (II, 153)
What Southerners took an active part in the Spanish-American
War? (XI, 500; XII, 71, 541)
Where and when was the first musical society organized in
America? (VII, 374)
Where was the first opera house built in America? (VII, 386)
What American composer first won distinction abroad? (VII,
389)
What President was also a great architect? (XI, 557)
When did pottery commence in the South? (X, 698)
Name five noted sculptors who came from the South (X,
686)
Whose library took the place of the Congressional Library
destroyed by the British in 1812? (VII, 489)
When and where were the first libraries established in the
South? (VII, 485)
What was the prevailing type of architecture in the old South ?
(X, 693)
What two other types of architecture have influenced the
South? (X, 695)
Name some distinguished clergymen who have occupied
Southern pulpits (X, 515)
What is the oldest college in the South, and the second oldest
in America? (X, 237)
What Southern universities were founded in the Eighteenth
Century? (X, 237-243)
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