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LITTLEFIELD
LIBRARY
Ace. No. (odyAL
I Class No. ^3 "9
y; Book No. V? 7 ^
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FINE ARTS DEPT
BOSTO>3
PUBLIC
LIBRARY
Souvenir Portfolio of
Universalist Churches in Massachusetts
Published by
THE MASSASOIT PRESS
76 Summer St., Boston, Mass.
1906
FINE ARTS DEPT
f^.c aM
/? ■
Copyrio-ht, 1906, by P. M. Leavitt
All rights rcscfvcd
Page
Abington 23
Acton, South 69
Acton, West 69
Adams 17
Adams, North 51
Amesbury 63
Arlington 55
Attleboro 19
Attleboro, North 19
Beverly 63
Boston, Ashmont 57
" Charlestown 61
" Columbus Ave., 2d .... 61
" East 103
" drove Hall 21
" Jamaica Plain 57
" Ro.\bury 21
'■ South 103
" Virginia street 73
Braintree 37
Brewster 11
Brockton 13
Cambridge, ist 99
" East, 2d 99
North, 3d 35
Canton 33
Charlton 47
Chatham 1 1
Cheshire 87
Chelsea 55
Dana, North 51
Uanvers 65
Eastham 27
Esse.\ 39
Everett 49
Fitchburg 41
Fo.xboro log
Framingham, South 81
Franklin 41
Gardner 69
ilist of JUustrations
Gloucester 59
" Annisquam 29
" Lanesville 59
West 65
Granville 87
Hardwick 87
Haverliill, ist 85
" i\It. Washington .... 85
'' West 39
Hingham 75
Hortonville 107
Hvannis 112
Hyde Park 97
Lawrence 25
Leominster 25
Lowell, ist 15
" Grace Church 43
Lynn, ist 9}
2d 93
Maiden, ist 77
" Wayside Chapel 77
Mansfield 109
Marblehead 59
Marion 75
Marlboro 53
Mattapoisett ... 75
Medford 67
Hillside 67
Melrose 91
Merrimac • 53
Methuen 31
Middleton 65
Milford 33
Monson 9
New Bedford 79
Newtonville 91
Norwell 95
Orange 95
" ' North Si
Orleans 27
Page
O.xford 47
Palmer g
Peabody 109
Pigeon Cove loi
Plymouth 79
Provincetown 23
Quincy ... 89
Rockport . . . 1 01
Rowley loi
.Salem 49
Saugus 107
Shelburne Falls 17
Shirley ' 107
.Somerville 35
Winter Hill 83
West, 3d 83
Soutbljridge 47
Spencer 81
.Springfield, ist 45
" 2d 105
jfl i°5
Stoughton 33
Swampscott 53
Taunton 13
Tufts College 37
Tyngsboro 39
Wakefield in
Waltham 1 1 1
Warren 17
Webster 95
Wellfieet 11
Westfield 45
Westminster 29
Weymouth, ist 71
" 2d, South 71
■' 3d. North 89
Worcester, ist 15
" All Souls 43
Wrentham, West 29
Varmouthport 23
Jntrotiuction
IN the compilation of this portfolio the aim has been to make a
collection of views that will give a fair idea of the external ap-
pearance of the various Universalist churches in Massachusetts.
Some years ago occasion arose to seek information as to
the form and construction of one of the older churches of the
denomination, and the incjuiry was met by the declaration,
often made with deep regret, that nothing in shape of a
picture or drawing existed. In course of our inquiries we found an unexpected
degree of interest among parties quite remote from the church, but professing the
same faith. On other occasions we have been surprised at the interest shown by
Universalists in the construction and arrangement of churches in distant towns,
and so were led to believe that there existed a sentiment favorable to the publica-
tion of such a volume as here presented, both for historical reference, and on
other grounds. The demands of business and the great cost, however, prevented
any steps being taken in this direction until the present year. Last February
a preliminary canvass was made which resulted in revealing a strong sentiment
in favor of the project, and we decided to compile a collection of views of the
more prominent churches. To our surprise we found that but few good photo-
graphs for the purpose could be obtained. Many interested informed us that
they much regretted to state that they knew of no suitable picture of their
churches. The search became more and more interesting until it finally developed
into a determination to make and issue a book containing a complete set of views
of the Universalist churches of the State. In the research much time and money
have been expended, hundreds of miles traversed, in many cases long journeys
made on foot through mud and dust, over hill and dale, under burning suns and
amid the flying snow.
About one-third of the views here shown have been procured for us by the
resident clergymen or local friends of the societies. Another third has been
purchased from the local photographers, in many cases being taken especially
for this purpose ; the remainder have been photographed personally by the
compiler, who has, to arrange for this work, visited the exteriors (and in many
cases the interiors) of seventy-five per cent of the churches here represented.
Himself of Universalist parents, the work has been of absorbing interest, and his
chief hope is that the work may find a response in increased interest among the
people of the faith in the welfare of neighboring as well as their own societies,
and may encourage both pastors and people in making their places of worship
and the precepts there taught known abroad as well as within the confines of the
little community where they may be located. The Universalist faith stands for
nothing if it does not bear an interest in the welfare of others, even greater than
that we feel for ourselves.
The original plan contemplated only the engravings. The addition of the
sketches was a later thought and was decided on upon the request of parties who
thought such would add to the historical value of the publication.
To make this a complete history of the faith in Massachusetts was impossible,
both on account of the expense, already very large, and of the size of a volume
that would be required. Such a volume would require years of time and form a
very bulky volume, but should such ever be attempted we trust that the records
preserved by the publication of this portfolio will be found of assistance to the
compiler.
pan0l)c?s l!i^itl)out Cl)urcl) l^uilDing^
South Ashfield : Services are held here in a schoolhouse, the preachini;- bciiiLC supplied by the
pastor settled at Shelburne Falls. At present this pastorate is vacant.
Brooki.ixe : The Universalist Society in Brookline worships at present in Pierce Hall, corner of Beacon
and Harvard streets. This Society is at present a consolidation of the Shawmut Universalist Parish in
Boston and the First Universalist Society in Brookline, whose place of worship was formerly at the corner
of Washington and Cypress streets. A very fine lot of land has been purchased for a new church, which
will be erected in the near future.
DuNST.\BLE : Services here are maintained through the ministries of the Universalist pastors in
Lowell. A Sunday School is maintained, and althouL^h the parish is \'ery small, the people are very
faithful.
Levden : Services are held here in the summer time by the minister settled at Shelburne Falls.
This place is remote from railroads and is sparsely populated. It is one of the hill towns of Massachusetts.
M,\i.i)EN" Second : This Society was started as a branch of the First Parish, Maiden, about eight years
ago. Meetings are held in Powers Hall, and a Sunday School is maintained. The lot has been purchased
for a new chapel, which will be built in the spring.
N 1S58 a Universalist society was formed in Palmer and ministered to up to the war of '61 by " Father" Whittemore, Rev. H. R. Nye
of Springfield, Rev. J. G. Adams of Worcester, Rev. John H. Willis, Rev. C. N. Fay, D.D., and Rev. N. T. Wright, father of Carrol D.
Wright. During the war and the reconstruction period services were discontinued. In 1874 they were resumed and meetings held at halls
and residences till 75 or "76, when a temporary home was furnished in Marshall W. Ward's new block on the present site of Memorial
Hall. Here in Union Hall was the birth of the present organization. Upon the petition of si.xteen persons St. Paul's parish was formed
May 27, 1876. St. Paul's Church was organized the following day, with twenty-one members. Both organizations are now incorporated.
In these early days Rev. A. J. Patterson, D.D., of Ro.xbury, officiated as pastor. First preaching in the new hall was by Prof. W. R.
Shipman of Tufts College, Feb. 13, 1S76, since which time services have been held regularly. Feb. 13, 1S77, Rev. Charles Henry Eaton
succeeded to the pastorate, remaining until called to New York City in May, iSSi. Through the scholarly attainments and consecrated
devotion of this gifted worker, the parish gained steadily in strength and soon took steps to build its present beautiful home. A building
committee, consisting of M. W. French, S. R. Lawrence, J. A. Squier, Rev. C. H. Eaton, George Robinson and A. H. Willis, placed the
contract and arranged that the style should be Gothic and the material Monson granite. The edifice was dedicated May 12, 1880. Rev.
E. A. Perry of Tufts College succeeded Dr. Eaton and remained four years. In 1S86 Rev. F. W. Betts became the pastor, remaining till
1SS9, when he was called to Syracuse, N.Y. Rev. James F. Albion (now of Portland, Me.) was his successor, being followed in 1891 by
Rev. H. F. Moulton. In 1S96 Rev. O. G. Petrie was called to the pastorate, he remaining until his death in April, 1900.
The present pastor. Rev. Willis A. Moore, accepted the call of the parish while a senior in Tufts Divinity School and began his
duties Sept. i, 1900. Upon completion of his studies in Tufts, leading to the degrees of A.B., S.T.B. and M.A., he was ordained and formally
installed June 25, igoi.
The church owns its parsonage, a beautiful home, and has an endowment of $1 7,000. There was never any debt on the church edifice.
JHonson
/JITHE First Universalist Parish of Monson was organized Nov. 24, 1SS2. Preaching services had been held for a short while before
^^ in Central Block and continued to be held there until the erection of the church edifice. A social circle was formed with gentlemen
as honorary members, October 5. Sunday School was started in the spring of 1SS3. The church organization was perfected Jan. 13, 1SS6.
The building was commenced in 18SS and was dedicated free from indebtedness the latter part of the following year. Cost, $26,000. Within
the last few years the parish has received large bequests from D. W. Ellis, Theodore Reynolds and C. W. King. The pastors have been
as follows: Revs. Albert Hammatt, 18S3-85; Donald Frazer, 1885-87; Ira A. Priest, 1887-89; Lee H. Fisher, 1889-91 ; Harry Blackford,
1892-99; Charles C. Connor, 1899-1905.
Ci)at!)am
CHE Universalist Society was organized in 1S22 and its first house of worsliip was built the next year on a site now included
in the Universalist Cemetery. A second and larger edifice was erected on Pond street in 1850, being dedicated Nov. 10,
1X51. It was destroyed by fire in October, 1878. The present church home located on Main street was dedicated Nov. 10,
1S78. The Sunday School came into e.xistence about 1836. The Ladies* Circle, in existence over fifty years, has been of
invaluable aid to the society. The Young People's Christian Union has been of invaluable aid to the young. The present
pastor is Richard Eddy, S.T.D.
^cUfleet
^IXTY years or more ago a small band of Universalists was organized in Wellfieet. They are organized as a Church and
have a very active and efficient Ladies' Circle. They own a convenient building. Formerly they held services in the winter,
but since the total prostration of the fishing business Wellfieet has become a summer resort and services are held during the
summer months.
Bretosttr
CHE Universalist Society in Brewster was gathered in 1S24. The first house of worship was erected in 182S. There were
many pastors who labored diligently, preaching alternate Sundays. Rev. C. A. Bradley was the first pastor to preach
every Sunday. During his first ministry a second house of worship was built (1S52). During his second ministry a chapel was
erected (1S7S). Mr. Bradley is still (h)05) the pastor and has been connected with the society thirty-eight years.
c
Caunton
'HE First Universalist Society of Taunton was legally organized in February, iS25,out of previous nebulous sentiment and
desire, stimulated by the preaching of Revs. John Murray, Hosea Ballou, Thomas Whittemore, and other doctrinal
agitators. Its first settled minister, Rev. John B. Dods, preached in the old meeting-house of the town, which was removed
from its original site on Church dreen to Spring street in 1831. During the pastorate of Rev. Wm. Fishbough, the first church
building distinctly its own, was erected in 1S42 at the corner of High and Spring streets. This served all needs until in 1876,
during the ministry of Rev. R. P. Ambler, the present large and commodious structure was built on the site occupied by the
former building. The society, now composed of about 125 families, and a Sunday School of the same number of members,
has had the ministry, among others, of such men as Geo. W. Quimby, J. S. Brown, E. L. Conger, A. B. Her\ey, W. W.
Hooper, T. E, Potterton, and others of ability and consecration. Its present minister is Rev. T. W. Illman, and Sunday-
school superintendent, F. M. Nichols.
%'
33rocUton
■HE First llniversalist Church of North Bridgewater (now Brockton) was organized Aug. 31, 1857, by A. P. Cleverly of
Boston. In 18(13, May zo, a chapel on East Elm street was completed and dedicated, and the late Rev. William A. Start
ordained as pastor. A few years after a large church was built. Rev. I. M. Atwood was then pastor. This church was lost,
the society being unable to pay for it. The present church on Cottage street was dedicated in 1SS7. A large addition was
made to this church in 1892, Rev. Royal G. Sawyer and Rev. A. Hammatt respectively being the pastors at these times.
A fine church organ, a vestry, ladies" parlor, kitchen and pastor's room are among the accessories. The present pastor is
Rev. W. H. Morrison: Sunday-school superintendent, Oscar Young; superintendent of kindergarten, Mrs. H. E. Barrows. In
1903 Hon. Wm. L. Douglas paid off the entire church debt of about $10,000. The officers of the parish are: president,
Gov. W. L. Douglas: clerk, E. B. Mullen: treasurer, M. A. Packard.
f irist ilnibcrjeifllist €l)urcl)
Wonmtx
^JITHK earliest record of the preaching of Universalism in Worcester was in 1S34, when Rev. Lucius R. Page, U.D., held a
^^ number of services in the town hall. A congregation was gathered in 1840, and a pastor settled in 1841. The first meeting-
house was erected in 1843, and served well the purposes of the society until it was outgrown in 1S70 and the present church
erected at an e.xpense of ^70,000. It is a fine stmcture. In 1S97 the interior of the church was remodeled and beautified at
the cost of !S20,ooo. The church is located on Pleasant street not far from City Hall, and very nearly in the center of the city.
Its pastors and their terms of service have been; Rev. Stephen P. Lauders, 1841-45; Rev. Albert Case, 1845-49; Rev. O. H.
Tillottson, 1849-53; l^ev. John G. Adams, D.U., 1853-60: Rev. L. W. Burrington, 1860-62; Rev. T. E. St.John, 1862-66:
1866-79; I^ev. B. F. Bowlas, 1866-68; Rev. M. H. Harris, D.D., 1S79-90; Rev. Almon Gunnison, D.D., 1890-99; Rev. Vincent
E. Tomlinson, 1900, is still serving. About 500 families are enrolled in the parish. The church numbers 325, and the Sunday
School 400. Some of the leading families in the city have been identified with this church.
first JLlnitocrsalist CInircl)
ilotoell
CHE First Universalist Church in Lowell was organized in 1827. The first church was erected on Chapel Hill, afterwards
removed to Central street. The present structure was erected in 1S74 on Hurd street, at a cost of $75,000. It is a fine
building, in fact one of the best in Lowell. The material is brick with stone trimmings. The seating capacity is one thousand.
It has a beautiful church organ; a large Sunday-school room, dining-room and kitchen. The present pastor is Rev. C. E.
Fisher, who was installed in December, 1895. There are 300 families connected with the church. It stands among the first
churches in the denomination. Dr. C. B. Sanders is superintendent of the Sunday School. The school was organized in 1830.
The church celebrated its 75th anniversary in 1902. The Sunday School will have its anniversary exercises in 1905. This
church was one of the first organized in Lowell, and the people attending services have always been among the first in the
city. The present pastor celebrated his tenth year with special exercises, Dec. 5, 1905.
14
I^arren
fN the early part of the lyth century some members of the First Parish of Brookfield, residing in that portion of the town
called Western, formed a separate parish and erected a church. With the development of the village of Warren the
descendants of this old society formed a Universalist church, and in 1837 erected the present edifice on land donated for
the purpose by Mr. John Moore. For many years the society was the strongest in the village, including the most prominent
and wealthy citizens. In recent years, owing to the decline in prosperity of the town, the consequent removal of many citizens,
the death of many strong individuals, the society has become weakened. The building is well located, very attractive out-
wardly, and delightfully worshipful in the interior. A parsonage was willed to the society by the late Mrs. Frances I. Otis.
?l)elt)urnr jTaUs
CHE First Universalist Society of Shelburne Falls was organized with fourteen charter members on Feb. 26, 1853, Rev.
John Howard Willis of Vermont being its first pastor. The society worshipped in public halls and other places in the
village until Feb. 16, 1S70, when the present edifice was erected under the pastorate of Rev. Benjamin V. Stevenson. Women
were first admitted as voting members of the society in 1S72, and March ic) of that year, the date of the annual meeting, is a
red-letter day in the society's history.
Two Universalist ministers have been ordained in the new edifice; Rev. Samuel G. Davis on Jan. 13, 1876, and Rev.
Frank W. Whippen on Oct. 12, 18S2 ; both serving as pastors of the society. At this date, September, 1905, the society has
been served by thirteen pastors, and the present incumbent. Rev. W. D. Potter, entered upon the thirteenth year of his service
in June. The First Universalist Church was organized with thirty charter members Dec. i, 1S64, by Rev. George Deere, who
was pastor for six years covering the period of the civil war. Many of the leading citizens of the town are identified with the
work, the growth has been steady and a worthy record has been made for the cause of Christ.
J>t. pauV0 aiiubcrsaiist vClnircl)
/^^RGANIZED in 1844. Present brick church edifice erected in 1S71. Among the founders should be mentioned William,
^^ Daniel and Phcebe Jenks, H. T. Crandall and Hon. H. J. Bliss. Among the pastors may be mentioned Revs. Almon W.
Mason, Quincy Whitney, Prof. Woodbridge of Tufts College, Dr. Priest of Akron, O., and O. I. Darling.
JEortl) attletjoro
CHE Universalist Society at North Attleboro was organized in iSiO, tirst services being held in a hall at Newell's Tavern, West Attleboro.
The first meeting-house was erected in 1818, at a cost of 53,000, Rev. Richard Carrique being pastor. In 1S34 some members began
to hold services in North Attleboro, and in 1S41 a church was erected on the present site.
The corner stone of the present handsome edifice was laid Sept. 18, 1882, Rev. John S. Cantwell, D.I)., being pastor. The building
was dedicated April 17, 1S84. It is a handsome and commodious brick structure, well located on the principal street of the town. There is
a prosperous Sunday School connected with the church ; also an exceptionally fine choir, and the song service is given special attention.
Among clergymen who have been identified with this church should be mentioned Rev. J. D. Pierce, who served in that capacity for
more than a quarter of a century, winning universal respect and honor from the town in general as well as from his own parish. Rev. Ralph
E. Connor is the present pastor.
;i¥lucrap ambcrsalist (iljurcl)
9ittltl)oro
^I^NE of the first meetings on record "of those interested in the establishing of Universalist preaching in Attleboro"' was held May 22,
'^ 1875. Mr. H. N. Richardson presided and Mr. Geo. A. Adams, Esq., was secretary. At this meeting report was made of the work of
a preceding committee in securing subscriptions toward the desired end. At this meeting it was " voted that we now adjourn to Sunday
evening after the services." Doubtless at that informal meeting previous to May 22, Messrs. S. P. Lathrop and G. A. Adams were appointed
to draw up a constitution and by-laws. The adoption of their report and signing of the constitution in Union Hall, June 19, 1875, gave
Murray Parish its organized existence and formally secured the establishment of Universalist preaching in Attleboro. The first Universalist
preaching in Attleboro was by Rev. Richard Carrique, about 1820, in Bolkom"s Hall. During 1875 services were held with the saintly Rev.
J. D. Pierce of No. Attleboro as principal preacher. The spirit of the time was Calvinistic. Ministers here, even at a funeral, would not
occupy the same platform with Rev. Mr. Pierce. The following have been pastors of this church; Rev. A. E. White, July, 1S76, to July,
1878. The chiircli organization formed. Rev. Thomas W. Illman, Oct. i, 1878, to 18S4. In 1881, $2,000 was raised and the lot on which the
building stands was bought. Rev. H. A. Philbrook, Sept. 14, 1 884, to Sept. i, 1888. On May 11, 1887, the present edifice was dedicated.
Rev. Daniel Fisher, Feb. r, 1902, to September, 1903. During Mr. Fisher's pastorate the parsonage was built. The present pastor. Rev.
Hendrik Vossema, began his work Sept. i, 1903. Both church and society have made rapid progress. The church membership is now
143 and nearly 300 families look upon Murray Church as their church home. The Sunday School, under the efiicient leadership of Louis J.
Lamb, has now a membership of 325. Active membership of the Senior Y.P.C.U. is 25, and Junior (led by Miss Ellen Livingstone) 45.
The Woman's Benevolent Society has enjoyed a vigorous growth the past two years. The organ was bought a few years ago at a cost of
82,500, and was the gift of Mr. A. W. Sturdy. It is regarded as one of the sweetest toned in this section. There is a vested choir of about
twenty voices. The beautifully decorated auditorium has a seating capacity of 350. Sunday-school sessions are held in the vestry below.
18
Orotic Dall amticrsaliBt Clnirrli
Bordjfstcr
CHE Grove Hall Universalist Church is situated in Dorchester at the corner of Washington and Wilder streets. It is a
stone church built in 1895 at a cost of $45,000. The present front is temporary and will be replaced by a stone faf ade.
The interior is handsomely finished in oak, and contains an organ of exceptional quality. The parish numbers 175 families,
and the Sunday School numbers 225. The seating capacity of the church is about 600. The pastor, Rev. Abram Conklin, is
a graduate of St. Lawrence University and was ordained in iS;ii. He has had pastorates at Southold, N.Y., Brookhni, N.Y.,
Reading, Pa., Bath, Me., and Fitchburg, Mass. The former pastors of the drove Hall Church were Rev. F. A. Dillingham,
Rev. E. H. Chapin, Rev. 1. P. Coddington, Rev. C. R. Tenney. The parish was first organized in 1S78. Its first edifice was
on Schuvler street in Ro.xburv.
first Unitocrsnli^t Cliurcli
CHIS society was incorporated in February, 1S20, and its first meeting-house was dedicated Jan. 4, 1821. This building,
which stood at the junction of Ciuild Row and Dudley street, was burned Jan. 13, 1894. The present church was
dedicated Sept. iS, 1S95. Rev. Frederick W. Hamilton, D.D., eighth pastor of the church, began his service Sept. i, 1895, and
still remains in charge. Mr. Frank W. Mendum is superintendent of the Sunday School.
The building is fully equipped with parlor, dining-room, lecture-room, class-room and all that is needed for a modem
church. The fine-toned bell, which hangs in the tower, was the bell of the old church. The organ is one of the finest in this
part of Boston. The windows, nearly all made by the Tiffany Favrile Glass Co., are not e.xcelled in taste and beauty by anv
in Boston.
^armoutl)
/TITHE Universalists in Yarmouthport organized and built their house of worship in 1836. It has had six resident pastors.
^^ The first pastor, Rev. J.N. Parker, is still living at the age of ninety years. The three who followed long since deceased.
Rev. V. Lincoln came to the parish in i860 and ser\'ed eleven years. Following Mr. Lincohi, Rev. C. A. Bradley ministered to
the society twenty-seven years. There is at the present time no pastor.
^ro\)inceto\DU
^ITHE Fir.st Universalist Society of Provincetown was organized April 16, 1829, as the Christian Union Society, and at once
^^ proceeded to build a church, which they occupied until 1847, when the present edifice was built.
The building is noted for the neatness of its interior decoration and the beauty of its spire. The latter was repaired in
igoi at an expense of Si, 100, the old timbers being taken out and replaced one by one, to preserve its original beauty.
On taking possession of the new edifice the name was changed to " The First Universalist Society." The present pastor
is Rev. Fred L. Payson. The chairman of executive committee is Mr. A. P. Hannum, who is also superintendent of the
Sunday School. Mr. Simeon C. Smith is parish clerk.
^binston
/TT'HK first Universalist Parish of Abington was organized April 20, 1S36. David Gloyd, originator of the movement,
^^ secured Thomas Whittemore to conduct the first sen-ice, held in the Pine Wood schoolhouse, Plymouth street. The
services were held in the Town House for several years. July 4, 1S41, the cornerstone of the first church building was laid.
This building was dedicated December 22, the same year. A bell was purchased about 1858. Feb. 11, 1862, the church was
organized. Sept. 25, 1864, the cornerstone of the present building was laid. The old church was remodeled, a vestry added,
and an organ placed in the church. This church was dedicated in 1865. Present pastor is Rev. Henry Adams Parkhurst.
The church is centrally located on Washington street, the principal street of the town.
ilaturencr
CHE First Universalist Church of Lawrence was organized Nov. 15, 1847, seven months after tlie incorporation of the town
of Lawrence. Meetings were held in schoolhouses and halls until 1S53, when a brick church was erected on Haverhill
street, facing the Common. In 1865 the building was remodeled and enlarged, and a spire was added. A Sunday School was
organized in December, 1S47, and in i85() a church organization was formed, which is now known as " The Church of the
Good Shepherd."
The pastors have been as follows; Rev. George H. Clark, Nov. 15, 1847, to June 15, 1851 ; Rev. Henry Jewell, October,
1851, to January, 1852 ; Rev. James R. Johnson, June i, 1852, to June 24, 1855 ; Rev. J. J. Brayton, Oct. 24, 1855, to August, 1858 ;
Rev. Martin J. Steere, Jan. 3, 1859, to July i, 1S60; Rev. (Jeorge S. Weaver, D.D., October, i860, to March 31, 1873; Rev.
George W. Perry, June 5, 1873, to Oct. i, 1S77 : Rev. Alphonso E. White, July 1, 187S, to July i, 1SS6 : Rev. William E. Gibbs,
D.D. (whose portrait is shown in the picture), Oct. i, 1886, to the present time. The .superintendent of the Sunday School is
Frederick E. Freeman.
Utomtnstrr
^JITHE first service of the society now the First Universalist Society of Leominster, Mass., was held in Kendall Hall, No.
^*^ Leominster, January, 1894, Rev. Chas. S. Nickerson, state missionary, preaching the sermon. Soon afterwards Rev. J.
F. Albion of Fitchburg became interested and wrought zealously, establishing a mission here. Rev. A. N. Blackford of
Shirley preached from June, 1894, until June, 1895, during which time the society moved to Leominster Center. Rev. C. Guy
Robbins, a student in Tufts Divinity School, preached from June until September, 1895. From this time until February, 1896,
students from Tufts supplied.
The Rev. C. Guy Robbins took charge, and after his ordination was installed pastor, June 21, 1897, continuing until
January, 1904. Rev. John Kimball became pastor May, 1904. The parish was incorporated August, 1895. The church was
organized April, 189S; Sunday School, March, 1895; Y.P.C.U., July, 1895; Ladies' Circle, April, 1S94. A church edifice was
dedicated June 28, i8g8.
24
Castijam
^FTER a ministry covering half a dozen years the pastor can testify that this Uttle parish embraces some of our most
'**' devoted and loyal workers. One of the most hopeful features is fidelity to the Sunday School, of which Mrs. Sarah B.
Clark is the efficient .superintendent. Although the flock is small, the spirit of unity prevails, coupled with an honest determina-
tion to forge ahead. From the outset it has been self-sustaining, and unlike our modern missions it has never received aid
from the State Convention. P'ounded but sixteen years ago, when there was great opposition to organized Universalism, the
parish has demonstrated its right to exist, and those at its helm are determined that no step shall be taken backward. With
hearty sympathy in behalf of our forward mo\-ement it keeps to the even tenor of its ways, full of faith and good works.
Recently the interior has been redecorated and now we have a church home where it is a delight to " worship the Lord in the
beauty of holiness." Rev. N. S. Hill, pastor.
(i^rleans
fT is said of Dr. Channing that he needed no cathedral aids to make his own service impressive. His parish still retains
the "old meeting-house "' of the fathers, architecturally as simple as a Quaker conventicle, but modernized within. The
founders were deeply interested in the postulates of Universalism, and spent but little time and money in the a-sthetics of
worship.
Over the wide world the tree is known by its fruits. Daniel Webster was once asked " What the sterile soils of New
Hampshire produced?" and the immediate answer vouchsafed was " MEN."
With pride we point to the fact that this parish, whose record covers three-quarters of a century, nurtured many faithful
and devout souls and has sent into the world one of our most eminent laymen, the Hon. Edward H. Cole (whose portrait
appears on the opposite page), now of New York City, generous donor of St. Lawrence University, leader and factor at the
" Church of Our Father," Brooklyn, and whose open hand sustains charfties of which the world knows not. Within a twelve-
month he has donated to the Orleans Church a " Parish House," pleasant and commodious, an incentive to continue the work
of upbuilding in the coming years.
Universalism on Cape Cod lacks the aggressive spirit and loyalty of the fathers, yet we are not without hope that the
faithful remnant will make vital the imperative need of our church to incarnate our Faith among potent religious factors of the
twentieth century. Rev. N. S. Hill is rounding out the seventh year of his pastorate.
Il^fstminstfr
/JIT' HE first organization of the I'niversalist Church in Westminster was effected in 1817. Three years later the " First Universalist
^^ Society in Westminster" was incorporated. The present house of worship, now located on Main street in the Center X'illage, was
first erected in the year 1821 on the " North Common," about one mile from where it now stands. In 1833, during the pastorate of Rev.
Charles Hudson, the church building was moved to the position which it now occupies. Externally the structure is essentially the same as
when first erected, although important changes and renovations have been made inside at several different dates. The present pastor is
Rev. Lucv A. Milton.
^nnisquam
^JipHE Third or Annisquam Parish of Gloucester was set off as an independent parish in 172S (June 11), and included the whole of the
^^ extreme end of the Cape. A " Meeting-House" had been built previously (1726 or 1727) and a pastor called. At this time the church
was of the Orthodox persuasion and remained so imtil 1S12, when its pastor, Rev. Ezra Leonard, with a large majority of its members,
accepted the Universalist belief.
The present church edifice was built in 1830 and dedicated Jan. 5, 1831, at which ceremony the Rev. Thomas Jones, Rosea
Ballou, Thos. Whittemore and others of lesser celebrity assisted. Mr. Leonard remained pastor until after this last date, dying within
a year or two after. The building has remained with little or no external change to this time, with the exception of the dome which sur-
mounted the belfry, which decayed and was some twenty years ago replaced by a square or hip roof, as shown in the plate. A movement
is now being made to restore it to its original symmetry. Rev. Hiram W. Smith is pastor, and Mrs. Clara Benton superintendent of the
Sunday School, the latter having served in that capacity upwards of twenty-five years.
^est l^rcntijam
/TIT' HE West Wrentham Church was erected somewhere about 1840. Situated in the center of what was once a prosperous agricultural
^^ section, death and removals have so diminished the society that services have been discontinued for some time, but the past summer
services were resumed during the summer months, various pastors supplying the pulpit in turn. The building is of wood, and stands on a
sightly eminence about ten minutes walk from the railroad station of the New Haven road. It is a pleasant spot, which needs but better
transportation facilities to build up the community, when regidar services would doubtless be resumed.
28
fit^t Unibcr^aliet €f)urc{)
oBlcason i¥lcnioriai
iHftf)uen
^JITHE records date from March iq, 1824, when Abiel How , William Smith, Samuel Bodwell, Charles Cheney, Isaac Bodwell,
'^^ Isaac Currier, Robinson How, petitioned for organization. A constitution was drafted, and subscription for preaching
raised. The parish was organized April 17, 1824. Abiel How is the first name on the list of members, also acting as clerk
and treasurer. The first preacher was Rev. Paul Dean. The records show payment of Sic for services to Rev. Hosea Ballou.
Early ser\'ices were held in a schoolhouse ; later in Wilson Hall. In 1S28 it was voted to engage Rev. T. G. Farnsworth,
Rev. D. D. Smith, Rev. Thomas Whittemore, Rev. Sylvanus Cobb, L. S. Everett, and L. R. Page to supply up to 1835. In
the latter year steps were taken to build a church home. At a special meeting it was voted to build a house of worship. The
lot was purchased Nov. 9, 1835, of Dr. Dearborn, and the present church edifice erected and completed June i, 1836, at a cost
of $2,500. Rev. John Curley was settled at a salary of S200. The pastors salary was doubled the second year. In 1S39 Rev.
E. N. Harris was engaged at S'ioo, but remained but a short time, and the following ministers were engaged to supply the
pulpit: Otis A. Skinner, Thomas Whittemore, A. A. Miner and others. Rev. A. A. Miner was called and installed in 1840,
and served the parish two years, his first pastorate. Succeeding pastors were Revs. H. R. Nye, Willard SpauVding,
H. Husey, Edwin Davis, Davenport, C. A. Bradley, Donald Frazer, A. E. White, A. F. Walch, 1885-1890. During
Mr. Walch"s pastorate Si,ooo was expended on the church. Then came Revs. A. J. Torsleff, H. H. Hoyt, H. S. Fisk, 1S94,
William Gaskin, and W. R. Libbey, the present pastor, 1901-1906.
The Sunday School has been organized at least sixty years ; the church organization is as old as the parish : and the
Ladies" Society was organized as early as 1841. In 1901 the old edifice was remodeled and beautified by the generosity of
Mr. Charles Tenney, a public-spirited citizen, as a memorial to Mrs. Tenney's father, Daniel Gleason, and is now called by
vote of the parish
The First Universalist Church
Gleason Memorial
It is one of the most beautiful interiors of church architecture, and was completed at a cost of over gi 5,000, including the
organ. The edifice is one of the landmarks of the town, sitting upon a hill, approached by a flight of stone steps. The mem-
bers of the parish are a loyal and faithful people, and though, like most country churches, it is small, yet active and prosperous.
3°
^*"l I'^SC:^ /j Gleason Memorial ChuKcb,
d^ ■ — ^ — ^ — -
?toug:i)ton
CHE Universalist Church of Stoughton is the old First Parish of the town, and has never lost its supremacy. The church
edifice was erected in 1807, repaired in 1S48, enlarged and repaired in 1S70. The building is of wood, of the colonial type,
with an auditorium above, seating about 500 persons. Below is the church parlor, kitchen, dressing-rooms and Sunday-school
room. The parish has had thirteen pastors — three Congregationalists, one Unitarian and nine Universalists. The Universalist
pastors have been successive since 1832, as follows: Messrs. Ballon, Dennis, Chambre, Mason, Smith, Tenney, Puffer, Grose
and Williams. At the present time the parish has about 350 families, with a Sunday School of 200. There are about 115
church members. Ser\-ices are held during the year with the e.xception of a vacation in August. Evening services are held
during the winter months.
Jlilforti
CHE Milford Universalist Society is one of the oldest in Massachusetts. Elder Adams Streeter, its first pastor, came to
town Nov. 16, 1781, and remained until his death, Sept. 3, 1786. He was succeeded by many able and devoted ministers.
The present pastor is Rev. Elbert W. Whitney. Jan. 10, 182 1, the first church (of brick) was dedicated. The second church,
of wood, designed by T. W. Silloway, was dedicated May i, 1851. Rev. Hosea Ballou preached the sermon on both occasions.
March 22, igoo, the third church, of Milford pink granite, costing $45,000, was dedicated. I* is very thoroughly built, and is
a model for convenience and beautv. The church is verv active and influential.
Canton
CHE church in Canton was erected in 1S47. It has been remodeled until but little of the original structure is visible from
the street. The main body of the church remains, but the original tower was removed on account of decay many years
ago, and when afterwards, during the pastorate of the Rev. John \'annevar, the building was completely remodeled and the
present front added, a much larger tower of different form was added and a heavy, fine-toned bell placed therein. Still more
recently the convenient parish hall, of which a glimpse is shown in the picture, was added. The church is located on the main
street, is commodious and neatly arranged in the interior, heated by furnaces and lighted by electricity. Several beautiful
memorial windows add to the beauty of the auditorium. A fine-toned organ stands by the side of the minister's desk.
ChirJ) ilnitocrsalist €l)urct)
Cambritigt
^ITHE church originated as a Unitarian movement in 1S51, and continued as such under the name of Allen Street Congrega-
^^ tional Society for twenty-three years. In 1868, Rev. C. E. Fay, now professor in Tufts College, was asked to minister to
the society and did so. In 1870 the church voted to go into the fellowship of the Universalist Convention. The first minister
of the Universalist fellowship was Rev. William A. Start, who began his pastorate March 6, 1870. Mr. Start was killed a few
years ago by the subway e.xplosion at corner of Tremont and Boylston streets, Boston. In 1S74, Rev. I. M. Atwood, now General
Secretary of the Universalist Church of the United States, succeeded to the pastorate, and was followed by Rev. C. W. Riddle,
D.D., in 1880. 1895 Rev. F. O. Hall succeeded to the pastorate and continued until Dec. i, 1902. The present pastor. Rev.
W. B. Eddy, began his work Apr. 19, 1903. The present structure was dedicated Sept. 14, 1876, and cost, including land,
S43.34I-
f ir^t {Llni\)crsaUst €hurcli
CHE first meeting of this society was held in the fall of 1S53. The parish was organized Feb. 16, 1854, and the first place
of worship erected 1S54-5. A larger edifice was built and occupied in 1869. The present structure was dedicated in i86g.
Charles Tufts, founder of Tufts College, gave the parish the land on which the church stands. A hall for social purposes of
the parish was built at the rear of the church in 1894.
The society is entirely free from debt and is as thoroughly equipped in all its branches as any religious organization in
the Metropolitan district.
The pastors have been Revs. Ch.is. H. Emerson, D.D., 1854; D. H. Clark, 1859: B. K. Russ, 1862; Geo. H. Vibbert,
1874; W. S. Ralph, 1877; Chas. A. Skinner, D.D., iSSi ; L. M. Powers, D.D., 1S92 : and the present pastor, the Rev. H. D.
Ma.xwell, 1899.
The parish consists of 300 families. It has the largest Sunday School in the vicinity of Boston, the superintendent
being Arthur W. Glines.
34
Braintite
(anibcrsalist aiiD (Unitarian)
QTLL SOULS" CHURCH was organized in November, 1900. For some years previous the Universalists had sustained a
**" small parish, but when the Unitarians were about to organize a church, it was suggested that a union of forces might
result in greater good for liberal religious truth. All Souls' Church was therefore made non-sectarian but affiliated with the
American Unitarian Association and the Universalis! Convention. The church has shown remarkable strength, and has
grown to double its original size.
The church building was erected last year at a cost of ^40,000. The land and organ were given by Mr. George O. Wales.
There is no debt of any kind. The parish membership is about 200. The Sunday school membership about iSo; superin-
tendent, Mr. John West.
The minister, who has been here since the church was organized, is Rev. Frederick R. Griffin, who came from the
Harvard Divinitv School.
(§otitiarti Cijapcl, Cufts Collcst
/IXODDARD CHAPEL, erected in 1SS2-3, is the gift of Mrs. Mary T. Goddard to Tufts College, as a memorial of her
'^ husband, the late Thomas A. Goddard. Morning prayers are held in the chapel daily and the usual church senices on
Sunday evenings, both in charge of the college chaplain. A trained choir, composed of men and women students, sings on
Sundavs.
36
- ^- ' ■•■^■^
d^ugsljoro
fllTHE society was founded in 1S41, Rev. Josiah Oilman being the first pastor. The church was dedicated in 1S42. The
^^ " Ladies' Murray Circle,'" an important au.xiliary, was organized in 184S ; its first secretary and treasurer, Miss Mary J.
Upton, still bears the title of "secretary and treasurer c//iii-//its." Many gifted preachers have spoken in this church, which
since 1S94 has been dormant.
Cssrr
/TITHE Universalist Society of Esse.x was organized in 1^,35, and its house of worship erected in 1S36. It is situated on the
^^ road to Gloucester, commanding a fine view of the hills and the sea. The parish has si.xty four families; its clerk is
Mrs. Annie N. James : superintendent of the Sunday School, Miss Susan P. Andrews. Rev. G. J. Sanger of Danvers is its
acting pastor. The church edifice is kept in excellent repair, and its interior attractive by well cushioned seats and finely
frescoed walls.
Wt^t fL^a\)crJ[)ill
/Tir' HE West Haverhill Church is one of the oldest Universalist church buildings now standing in Massachusetts. It is in a
^^ raised position, approached by a flight of steps, and is characterized by the old-time belfry deck and tower. It was erected
in 1S04, and in exterior is but little changed from the old days.
38
'^vacc iUnitocrsnlist €hurrl)
jFranlUtn
/9ir HE present Grace Church was dedicated in 1S87. It is the third edifice in which the Universalists of Franlclin have
^^ worshiped. The first church has been removed and is now occupied by the Baptists, The second structure was
destroyed by fire. The present church is located on the grounds of Dean Academy, where the two former churches stood.
There are one hundred and twenty-five families in the parish and one hundred and fifteen church members. In addition to the
townspeople the majority of the Dean Academy students and teachers attend this church. The principal benefactor of this
church has been the late Oliver Dean, the founder of Dean Academy, who left his residence as a parsonage for the church as
well as a large fund for current expenses. The pastor is the Rev. Reignold K. Marvin, and the Sunday-school superintendent,
Prof. Arthur W. Peirce, principal of Dean. The V.P.C.U. connected with this churcli is one of the largest in the state.
jfitcptircj:
(JJtJNIVERSALIST history in Fitchburg Ijegan with occasional preaching in tlie Town Hall. The first Universalist Society
^'^ of Fitchburg was organized Oct. 9, 1S44. A neat brick building was erected in 1S47, which is still standing on the corner
of Main and Rollstone streets. The growth of the city eastward led to the Sunday School beginning a new church fund in
1872. The Ladies' Circle took action in 1S81. Under the pastorate of Rev. F. O. Hall the present church building was begun
in March, 1S85, and dedicated with all debts assumed. It is an artistic structure of brick with stone trimmings, located but
one block from the depot where all the trolley lines converge. The auditorium is supplied with 513 opera chairs arranged in cir-
cular form. The organ was a splendid memorial gift for Rev. Charles Woodhouse (second pastor of the society) by his son,
Lorenzo. There are several pretty memorial windows. The property is valued at 840,200. Nearly $400 was expended this
year on exterior improvements. The Sunday School numbers over 300, thoroughly graded under a progressive curriculum,
with Dr. George T. Greenwood as its able superintendent. The parish list bears the names of over 450 families, directed
since March i, 1905, by Rev. E. B. Saunders. All departments of the cliurch are in most promising condition.
40
* r
3in Mollis (Unibcr^ali^t "flnirfl)
^JITHE Second Universalist Church in Worcester, called "All Souls Church,"" is located at the corner of Woodland and
^^ Norwood streets, and was established as a branch of the First Church about twenty years ago. It is a wooden building,
of quite ornamental architecture. The present pastor is Rev. A. J. Cantield, D.U., an eloquent pulpit orator.
>iI5racc iUnibcrsalist €liurcl)
'JlrHE original of Grace Church was organized as the Second iTniversalist Church, Sept. 24, 1836. Nov. 24, 1S3.S, a brick
^^ church costing $20,000 was dedicated at the corner of Shattuck and Market streets. For sixty years this church was used
as the place of worship of this organization. April i, 1S96, a new church building costing ^60,000 was dedicated at the corner
of So. Canton and Princeton streets. Among the earlier pastors of the church were men who left their mark upon the denomi-
nation and the world. Rev. Abel C. Thomas, Rev. A. A. Miner, D.D., and Rev. J. G. Adams, D.D., were of the number.
The present pastor, the Rev. Ransom A, Greene, D.U., began his work in the old church, and has consequently completed
twenty-nine years of service with the church. The superintendent of the Sunday School, which is large and flourishing, is Dr.
C. W. Taylor. The church has had a remarkably harmonious liistory, and has a congregation made up of many of the best
people in Lowell.
42
All 5aintsUniver5alist Church
Worcester
:§>!. pauVs arinirrli. first amtocrsalist
^prtugficlti
CHK Society was founded and preaching services begun in i8j6. In iSj; it was incorporated as " The First Independent
Universalist Society of Springfield." The first settled minister was Rev. Lucius R. Paige. Religious services were at
first held in the government chapel on the armory grounds. The first meeting-house was built in 1844, on the corner of Main
and Stockbridge streets. Here, in 1S55, the Church was organized. In 1S69, the society having outgrown its quarters, the
present building, corner Chestnut and Bridge streets, was erected. In 18S8 it was extensively remodeled, and subsequent
repairs, improvements and decorations have kept it up-to-date. The church is located " down town," but in a rapidly grow ing
residence district, and the parish is in a healthy and prosperous condition. The present minister is Rev. Hint M. Bissell.
l^fStficltl
/ANE of the neatest little churches in the western part of the State is that of Westfield. It is a small parish but owns a fine
^^ church conveniently situated at the corner of one of the busiest streets and handy to the electric traffic. The structure is
of wood and was erected in 1890. Losses by death and removal have handicapped the parish to some extent. The property
is valued at about $20,000, and is of modern design and an ornament to the town.
44
§>outf)ljritige
/JIT HERE has been Universalist preaching in Southbridge from Revolutionary times. July 4, 1800, a union meeting-house
^^ was dedicated which served this and other denominations. The present Universalist church was built 1842. Tlie interior
has been remodeled and refinished in 1S62 and in 1884. Among the early preachers were Murray, Ballou and Streeter. Among
its earlier pastors were J. M. Usher, D. K. Lee, D.D., B. F. Holies and A. B. Hervey, D.D. Since 1880 it has co operated
with the Unitarian Church in Sturbridge, having the same minister. The building is well situated, convenient to the electrics,
and in a commanding situation.
C|)arlton
(TITHE Charlton church is a wooden structure erected in 1S39. It is one of the typical New England churches, spacious, with
^^ tall, well-proportioned steeple and columned porch. It stands a short distance to one side of the electric line, on a little
square of rising ground, and is one of the most prominent buildings in the village. From its steeple one of the finest views of
the surrounding country to be had in central Massachusetts can be obtained. The elevated position of the building permits
the addition of a large basement.
Oldest (Unibcr^alijit Clnirct) in tlyt WodJi
(TIT HIS church was erected in 1792. The society was organized in 1785, and during the same year voted to call a convention
^^ of the scattered believers throughout the country for the purpose of making a closer organization. The convention met
and the great Universalist Denomination of today was bom and has grown to its present majestic proportions. Rev. Hosea
Ballou, justly regarded as the great leader of the church, was ordained here in 1794, and the pulpit in which that ceremony took
place is here preserved as a relic of that event, it having survived the changes that have come over the edifice during these
hundred years. While the church is the oldest in the world, the society itself ranks as the second, that at Gloucester being the
very first. Rev. Adam Streeter was the first pastor, and since his death, by settlement and by supply it has enjoyed the minis-
trations of most of the early celebrities and of a long line of earnest and faithful pastors. Rev. W. G. Schoppe is now (1906)
in charge of the parish.
46
Cticrrtt
Q[S near as can be ascertained, religious services were first held by Universalists in Everett, in 1S64. But the earliest record
'** of any meeting for business is under date of March 28, 1S65, at Badger's Hall. Rev. B. K. Russ of Somerville was engaged
to preach for one year as a supply. The society continued to worsliip in Badger's Hall until September, 1S72, their principal
ministers being Revs. D. J. Greenwood, A. A. Miner, H. I. Cushman, L. L. Briggs, A. J. Canfield, W. H. Cudvvorth and W.
H. Rider, then a theological student. A church was built in 1872, and dedicated September 25, of that year. The church
edifice was remodeled in iS8y, and rededicated Jan. 17, 1890. Rev. R. Perry Bush succeeded Mr. Cudworth as pastor. He
was followed by Rev. F. E. Webster, who resigned in the fall of 1S93. Rev. G. G. Hamilton, formerly pastor of the Shawmut
Avenue Church in Boston, was called in 1894, and is still in charge.
mlem
/JITHIS society was organized in 1S05, John Murray coming to Salem and preaching in May of that year. 'I'he centennial of
^^ that event was observed last May.
August, 1808, the corner stone of the church building was laid, and in June, 1S09, the building was dedicated and Rev.
Edward Turner, the first pastor, was installed. In 1877 the building was extensively remodeled, and in 1890 the chapel
annex, containing the Sunday-school rooms, was dedicated.
The society numbers about 300 families, with a church membership of over 200. The present pastor is Rev. C. H.
Pufter, IJ.D., who was installed in 1893, and he is the fourteenth since the institution of the society. Wm. D. Dennis is the
chairman of the parish committee, and Wm. S. Hill is clerk and treasurer. The Sunday School numbers about 400 ; Harry C.
Arnold is superintendent. The school has four departments : the kindergarten, intermediate, primary and senior. There is
also a thriving Junior Union and a flourishing '^'.P.C.U. organization.
48
ilortij J3ana
C
'HE western part of the State is especially blessed with beautiful church buildings, and the artistic little church at North
Dana will be a surprise to one unacquainted with the resources of the people of these middle-state towns. Built of wood,
with beautiful stained-glass windows, it stands in a conspicuous position, a short distance back from the railroad station. It
was erected about 1S98, and is unquestionably one of the prettiest moderate cost churches in the State.
jEortI) 9ltiam6
C
HE First Universalist Society of North Adams was organized April <,, 1S42, though meetings had been held for several
years previously. In 1S45 the old Methodist church was bought and put into repair and served as the church home till
1852, when a church was built on State street, where the Hotel Wellington now stands. This building in time gave way to the
handsome structure now in use on Summer street, which was finished in 1893, in the pastorate of Dr. A. B. Church.
In striking contrast to the religious sentiments expressed by sister churches at the time this society had its origin, a
fraternal feeling has developed amazingly, the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man finding larger e.xpression than
ever before. The present pastor is the Rev. G. \V. Colson, who was called to this work in June, 1902.
5°
jHrrrimar
/jlTHE church building at Merrimac was erected in 1836. The church was organized in August, 1S6S, with Rev. Wm. F.
^^ Potter, pastor, and thirteen others. The last pastor was Rev. F. W. Gil^bs, now pastor of the Aniesbury Universalist
Church. No services have been held in this church for about two years.
§'\uamp6cott
^
PRETTY little church stnicture partly of stone and partly of wood. In summer particularly the church is a pretty picture,
nestled among the trees and shrubbery. It was erected about iSoi, and is valued at about Sg.ooo.
JHarltoro
i^ip HE Marlboro church is substantial rather than ornamental, the lower part being used for business purposes while the audi-
^^ torium of the church is in the second story. It is a wooden liuilding, erected about uSdd Kev. R. U. \'an Tassel is the
present (1905) pastor.
52
^Irliugton
CHE first Universalist service known to have been held in Ariington was held in KS22, Thos. Whittemore being the preacher.
The meeting called to organize a society was held in August, 1S40. At this meeting it was voted to proceed to erect a
church building, and January, i84i,the building was dedicated. The original building was remodeled in i860 and again in
1896. The building was without a vestry until i860, and in 1901 this part ot the property was put in good order. The first pipe
organ was placed in the rear of the auditorium in 1S50, and remained in that position until the changes were made in 1896,
when Walter B. Farmer presented the society with a memorial organ in memory of his father, Elbridge Farmer, and it was
placed back of the pulpit.
A church organization was formed one year after the society organization, August, 1S41. The Sunday School came into
existence in 1841 : Samaritan Society the fall of 1S41 ; 1889 the Y.P.C.U. : and from time to time other organizations have existed.
The first pastor of the church was the Rev. J. C. Waldo, and in all ten have served, the longest pastorate being that of
the Rev. Harry Fay Fister, who has served to date twelve years.
The church consists at present of 165 families, 75 church members, 135 in the Sunday School, 40 members of the Samari-
tan Society and 35 members of the Y.P.C.U. Mrs. E. W. Goodwin is in charge of the Sunday School : Mrs. F. A. Hortter,
president of the Samaritan Society, and Henry Knickerbocker, president of the Y.l^.C.U. The church has a number of
invested funds, the largest two being called after their donors, the " Kobbins Fund" and the " Buckman Fund."
Cljelsca
Of WELL-PROPORTIONED, rather plain brick stiiicture marks the church home of the Universalists of Chelsea. It was
■^ erected about 1862, and is valued at over S2o,ooo. The church membership is about 180 and the society is composed of
nearly 300 families. Rev. R. P. Bush is the pastor.
54
•^ #
^t. 5Daur? Unitocriuilist €l)urcl)
Jamaica $lain
/JIT HIS church was organized April lo, iSS7,and the building was erected in 1S91. It is located on Rockview street opposite
^'^ St. John street. There is a vestry, Sunday-school room and kitchen in the basement. The present membership is abont
150, and the society is under the guidance of the Rev. Florence KoUack Crooker. The superintendent of the Sunday School
is E. \V. Clark
^Isijmout l^aviQl)
'JIT'HIS parish sprung into existence through the earnest efforts of the Rev. Chas. Conklin, State Secretary. The first busi-
^^ ness meeting was held Mar. 14, 1902, when some forty people met and drew up and signed an agreement of association
founding a corporation, the name of which was to be " The Ashmont Universalist Parish of Boston " The first religious
meeting was held in Ashmont Hall, corner of Bushnell and Lombard streets, July 26, 1892. This property was later purchased
by the society and here Rev. Chas. Conklin preached and assisted the society until Nov. 7, 1902 At this time the Rev. L. O.
Williams was called and labored faithfully with this parish nine years, resigning Dec. 7, T901, going to Stoughton, Mass. From
this time the pulpit was filled with supplies until Sept. i, 1902, when Rev. Merrill C- Ward was called and gave himself
devotedly to the work until Sept. i, 11)03, when he was called to Southbridge. At this period of the parish's history dark
clouds of despair hung heavily over the people, but the faithful father of the parish. Rev. Chas. Conklin, rallied the drooping
spirits of the people and, inspired with hope and success, the hall was renovated throughout and made into a beautiful chapel
with all the necessary appointments needed in any church. In March, 1905, the Rev. Harry Adams Hersey came to us and is
giving his earnest efforts to the building up of a strong and united church, and so forgetting the things that are behind we are
"pressing toward the mark of our high calling in Christ Jesus."
56
3lane6\)illc
N 1S76 measures were taken to build a Universalist Church in Lanesville, with Kev. B. ("■. Russell, the pastor, as chairman
of the building committee. A lot was purchased on Washington street The parish was organized Mar. i, 1S76. The
church edifice was completed at a cost of S4,<)49.()2, and was dedicated May 22, 1S78, free of debt, the dedication sermon being
by Rev. A. J. Patterson, D.U., and the text being Numbers x. 29. Regular services were held June i, 1S79, to May 3, 18S0,
with Rev. B. G. Russell as pastor. For six years supplies, Tufts College Divinity students and various ministers occupied
the pulpit. May 5, i88g, Rev. G. VV. Penniman settled over the Annisquam parish and preached at Lanesville also until
Nov. I, 1894. July I, 1895, to Sept. 25, 1898, Rev. A. A. Smith, living at Annisquam, supplied at Lanesville in the afternoon.
Rev. Mr. Gilbert, Rev. Geo. H. Foster, and Rev. Mr. Maxwell succeeded in that order. The present pastor is Rev. Ralph
Holbrooke Cheever, who entered upon his duties at Lanesville in connection with Pigeon Cove in November, 1903.
Gloucester
^JITHE LIniversalist Society of Gloucester was founded in September, 1774, by Rev. John Murray, being the historic society
^^ in America.
The first meeting-house was dedicated Christmas, 17S0. The present building is of wood and was dedicated Sept. 5,
1805. At its first service, October, 1S06, began the custom of the christening or dedication of children. Its bell was cast in
Paul Revere's foundry. The Sunday School was organized in 1820, making it the oldest in consecutive work in the
denomination.
'I'he present minister, Rev. W. H. Rider, D.D., assumed charge in 1883, Sunday-school superintendent is ¥.]. Babson.
Aside from its faith this society in securing its incorporation in June, 1792, became the means of abolishing the parish
tax and obtaining liberty for all religious bodies.
JUartleijeati
/"TITLIE present Universalist church building at Marblehead was erected about 1880, and is a wooden structure. The tall
^^ square tower is one of the conspicuous landmarks of the town. This is one of the historic societies of the State, and it is
hoped that a forthcoming publication may be able to devote the space to it that it deserves,
58
Cljarltsitotun
^Jir HE " First Universalist Society in Charlestown " was incorporated by the Legislature of tlie State of Massachusetts in the
^^ year 1811, and a " meeting-house" was erected that year upon land purchased by twenty-five men of Charlestown, joined
by two who resided across the river in Boston, and by them deeded to the society to be used " for religious purposes only."
The Rev. Abner Kneeland, the first pastor, was iijstalled Sept. 5, iSi i, the Rev. Hosea Ballou delivering the discourse,
using for his text, " Be thou faithful unto death and I will give thee a crown of life." The society was faithful and its growth
was healthful. The primitive " meeting-house " became a. church, which later on was provided with galleries, organ, tower and
bell, and finally " practically rebuilt, — the walls were carried up and the present room for the Sunday School provided in the
basement," at an expense of over Si 6,000.
The affairs of the society have always been ably and faithfully administered, and term of service has distinguished many
officials. Hon. Richard Frothingham was chairman of the Standing Committee from 1S4S to 1879, and Hon. Timothy Thomp-
son Sawyer a member of the committee for nearly fifty years, fifteen of which he served as chairman. Four of the present
officials of the church have over twenty years of service to their credit. The pastors have been ; Revs. Abner Kneeland,
Edward Turner, Calvin Gardner, Walter Balfour, John Samuel Thompson, Linus S. Everett, Thomas F. King, Edwin H.
Chapin, Thomas Starr King, Thos. J. Sawyer, Robert Townley, Ale.xander G. Laurie, Oscar F. Safford, William T. Crowe,
Charles F. Lee, Gideon I. Keirn, Wm. M. Kimmell.
^f'Cfonti {Unibcrsaltjst ^'ocictp
Boston
CHE Second Universalist Society of Boston was organized November, 1S17, and a liuilding was erected on School street.
In 1873 the present building on Columbus avenue w^as erected. Membership is about 500. The edifice is constructed of
New England granite and seats 1,200. The present pastor is Rev. Stephen Herbert Roblin, D.D., taking charge of the
parish Jan. i, 1892. Superintendent is David L. Rand. The society owns a business block on School street on the old
church site, valued at $Soo,ooo, and the church building is free from debt. The church has had but three pastors since its
organization, and their pastorates overlap each other several years. It is the leading parish of this denomination in New
England, and one of the foremost in the country. Its gifts to missions and education amount to upwards of $1,000,000.
60
Bcluerli)
/JITHE First Universalist Society of Beverly, Mass., was organized in tlie early part of 1S45. Its first edifice stood on Thorn-
^^ dike street, close to City Hall. The present edifice on Judson street was built in 1894. There are at present 150 families
in the parish; a Sunday School of 315 members: the Ballou Club, a social organization of 136 members; Ladies" Aid and
other societies usually found in an up-to-date church.
The present pastor is the Kev. Ahnon Hoyt, B.D., who began his work Jan. i, 1905. The efficient superintendent of
the Sunday School is Miss Nellie Fegan. Beverly is a growing city, and the First Universalist Church does not intend to
linger in the rear of the procession.
^mr6t)uri>
C
HE Amesbury church is a large wooden building of modern design, and was erected in 1S71. It is valued in excess of
$10,000.
62
Wt^t Gloucester
/TIT HE Second (or West) Parish of tiloucester was incorporated in 1716, the cliurch building having been erected some years
^^ previous. At the annual parish meeting, March, 1830, a vote was passed by which the parish became one of the Univer-
salist denomination, its first pastor. Rev. William A. Stickney, taking charge in that year. In 1846 the old building was
taken down, some of its timbers being used in building a hall which was occupied by the society until, during the pastorate of
Rev. Elmer F. Pember, the present building was built in 1875, and dedicated March, 1876. Among other pastors was Rev.
Geo. J. Sanger from 18S4 to 1S97. The society is now in charge of Rev. William H. Ryder, D.D., of Gloucester. A Sabbath
School was early established and reorganized about 1865. Mrs. Maria H. Bray was superintendent for many years. The
present superintendent is Mrs. Ruth A. Ireland. A bell was placed in the tower of the church in the Spring of 1905.
3Bau\)rrs
(SONI V'ERSALISM in I )anvers had a beginning at the period of the war for independence. Several believers are named
^^ who belong to that date. When John Murray came he found many friends. An organization to support preaching was
effected in 1815. The permanent organization is dated 1829. The first building was erected in 1S32-3. Rev. Hosea Ballon, 2d,
preached the sermon of dedication. The present edifice was dedicated Aug. 18, 1859, the pastor, Rev. J. W. Putnam,
preached the sermon. The pastors have been: F. A. Hodgdon, D. D. Smith, H. H. Knapp, S. Brimblecorn, A. A. Davis,
S. C. Buckley, J. W. Hanson, J. W. Putnam, H. C. Belong, G. J. Sanger, H. P. Forbes, F. A. Dillingham, W. S. Williams,
C. B. Lynn, W. H. Trickey, E. Reifsniller, and the present incumbent, E. M. Grant.
^ititilcton
C
HE Middleton church is a small wooden structure. It served but a small parish and services have not been held in it very
recently. It is valued at about $1,500.
64
first anitofrsaUst Cfjurch
JHrtiforti
/TITHE church was organized in 1S31 (but three churches in the city being older), by some of Medford's most honored citizens.
^'^ The church edifice is centrally located near Medford Square on Forest street, the finest avenue in the city, and nearly
opposite the spacious grounds of the high school. The original structure has been enlarged and improved from time to time
until today it is a well-equipped church. Its auditorium, seating about three hundred, is cheerful and worshipful ; its vestry
and ante-rooms have a homelike appearance ; and its kitchen, a recent gift of Mr. D. W. Lawrence, is perhaps the best appointed
in the city. Adjoining the church is a fine parsonage, also the gift of the same friend.
The church has been served by a long line of able ministers, the most famous among them being the Rev. Hosea Ballou,
U.D., afterwards president of Tufts College. The present pastor, the Rev. Clarence L. Eaton, was ordained to the work of
the Christian ministry in this church in March, iSgg, and has therefore nearly completed his seventh year of service. Under
his ministry the congregation has been steadily growing. The church is noted for its fine social .spirit and its people have ever
been known in all good works.
illetiforti f^iUsttif
^TITHIS is an attractive little cottage church pleasantly located among the Hillside residences. The first steps towards
^^ the organization of the society were taken Dec. 14, 1895, resulting in meetings being commenced in a private house in
January, iSq6. The church building was dedicated in November, 1S97. The Rev. B. F. Eaton was called as pastor early in
1897, and the present pastor, Rev. Theodore A. Fischer, was installed June 19, i8(|i). The church has a nice organ : a bell, the
gift of interested persons.
The church membership is nearly 100, about 200 families in the parish, about 295 enrolled in the .Sunday School : ()5 in the
Y.P.C.U., and 75 in the Junior. The -Sunday-school superintendent is Mr. E. B. Dennison.
This year occurred the celebration of the tenth anniversary of the first gathering.
66
^
?out|) anti ^est 9[cton
C'
'HESE two churches may appropriately be called "Twins." They were organized at the same time (1858), and have
employed the same pastors almost uninterruptedly until the present time. The " Comradeship '" has been close and
cordial. The present church in West Acton was built in 1868, and the one in South Acton in 1887. Rev. J. M. Usher was the
organizer and the first pastor, remaining in charge six years. Following him were Revs. Edwin Davis, eight years; W. N.
Harvard, three years ; N. P. Smith ; I. C. Knowlton, seventeen years ; Hiram Smith ; W. F. Dusseult, eight years ; and F. S.
Rice, the present pastor. While the church and parish membership is small, the churches are very active and vigorous, and
e.xercise much influence in the community. They may be regarded as models of village churches, conducting the various
enterprises undertaken with promptness and systematic order. Both churches are out of debt, a desirable state of things
brought about during the present pastorate. Perfect harmony prevails in both the councils and the work of the societies.
The regular attendants of both churche.s include many of the most substantial citizens.
(^artiner
N 1S64, Rev. Jacob Baker, while acting as Universalist State Missionary, began preaching the distinctive doctrine of
Universalism, in Gardner. On the 4th of June of the same year, a society was formed. Land was given for the site of
the present church by William S. Lynde, and the church was completed in the Spring of 1874, under the charge of a building
committee consisting of Ezra Osgood, Benjamin M. Carruth and Amos W. Goodnow. The church has had as pastors, Revs.
Jacob Baker, Harrison Clossen, R T. Sawyer, E, A. Read, Wra. Barber, Taylor, Hiram Smith, Elmer Felt, Ralph Connor,
Frank T. Sweet, A. J. Torsleff and Lucy A. Milton, the last pastorate having begun in September, 1902.
68
mit\) Wt^moxitf)
/Jip HE South Weymouth church, situated on the main street in the center of the village, was built in 1S50. It is a neat wooden
^"^ structure, and the entrance is attractively lined with handsome shade trees. The present pastor is Rev. L. W. Attwood.
Mr. Gordon Willis is superintendent of the Sunday School.
first ilnitocrjeialist €lnircli
1^cj>mouti)
3|iUILDING is of wood, dedicated in liSjS, and situated in the center of the village. The .surrounding drooping elms make
■^ the view a pretty summer scene. The parish includes about 100 families, and there is a large Sunday School. Rev. M. S.
Nash is pastor.
70
Virginia Street »Clnirfl)
B306tOU
^JITHE \'irginia Street Church was buHt in 1896, at a cost of $30,000, by the Upham's Corner UniversaHst Society, and is
^^ located on Virginia street near Dudley street.
The material is brick and the style of architecture the Italian Renaissance, copied from a chapel in Italy. The auditorium
seats about five hundred, and there is a gallery in the rear which will accommodate one hundred more. A feature of the church
is the arrangement of the pulpit in the style of a Roman porch, with a semi-circle of columns. Beneath the auditorium are the
Sunday-school rooms, a kitchen, ladies' parlor and library. The church has had three pastors ; Rev. C. A. Knickerbocker,
Rev. Leslie Moore and Rev. W. S. Perkins, D.D.
JHarton
Qj^OCIKl\ was formed about 1828, meetings being lield in schoolhouses and liomes of sympathizers, most frequently in the home of
^» Capt. N. K. Bates. Services were conducted from time to time by Kev. Nathaniel Stacy, Uavid I'ickering, James Bugby, Rev. Hosea
Ballou and others. The first settled ministry was begun by the settlement of Rev, Robert Killum, wlio was engaged to preach one Sundav
m each niontli. In 1832, tlie first meeting-house was built. The structure stands on the southwest corner of Main and Pleasant streets,
and has been remodeled from time to time so that it now comprises a neat audience-room seating 250 persons, a convenient dining-room and
Isitchen, furnace room and a beautiful Sunday-school room with apartments for library and class rooms.
Among those who have ministered to the parish. Rev. H. C. Vose deserves to be mentioned as liaving been called by the society to
three separate settlements. The parish may be re.garded as in fairly prosperous condition, its membership comprising some 50 families.
All pews of the church are free. Current e.xpenses are promptly met. The society has a permanent fund arising from bequests amounting
to ^3,000. Rev. J. Franl< Rhoades is the present pastor.
Jlattapoifictt
CHE parish was organized about 1S28. The original record having been lost, the exact date cannot be definitely ascertained. The
meeting-house was built and dedicated in 1836, and was built by Nathan Cannon, w ho chartered a schooner, went to Maine and selected
the lumber for this definite purpose. At the time it was said to have been the finest cargo of lumber ever brought to this port. The total
cost of the structure was $2,000. The building stands on the west corner of Barstow and Church streets. Existing records show that in
April, 1842, tlie church was painted and the lot fenced. It is pretty well settled that the 20 or 25 persons who signed the original compact
paid for the building of the church. As the building stands today (1906) it is a substantial edifice, newly painted and shingled, with a good
pipe organ, the generous gift of Mr. George Purington, Jr., costing about #300.
Among the early preachers we find the names of Revs. St. Clair, Theodore K. Taylor, H W. Morse, Cleveland, Henry C. Vose,
Thomas Borden, Joseph Crehore. The present pastor is Rev. J. Frank Rhoades. The parish is not large in numbers at the present date,
but it includes a fair proportion of the wealth, intelligence and philanthropy of the town, and promises to remain for another century as
one of the important religious factors and forces in this community.
Htngijam
CHE Hingham church is a wooden building located but a short distance from the railroad station and on the line of the electrics. The
religious body was organized Nov. i, 1S23. The corner-stone of the church was laid May 18, 1821). The church was dedicated Sept. 9,
1829, Rev. Hosea Ballou preaching the sermon, and the other clergymen who officiated l)eing Revs. Hosea Ballou 2d, Sylvanus Cobb,
Sebastian Streeter, Russell Streeter and L. S. Everett. The parish since its organization has had as pastors ; J. P Atkinson, A. A. Folsom,
T. J. Greenwood, J. F. Dyer, Samuel A. Davis, J. H. Farnsworth, J W. Talbot, M. M. Preston, Albert Case, J. D. Cargill, E. Partridge,
J. E. Davenport, Phcebe A. Hanaford, D. P. Livermore, Merrill C. Ward and Geo. A. Gay. Rev. M. C. Ward and Rev. Phoebe Hanaford
were ordained to the ministry in this church.
74
Zi\t firjat parish Clmrcl)
Jflaltitu
^TITHE parish of Maiden (then spelled Mauldon) was separated from Charlestown in 1649, and the following year the now
^^ historically famous Marmaduke Mathews became the first settled pastor of the town. In 1828 the parish became Univer-
salist, with Rev. Sylvanus Cobb of Waterville, Maine, as its first pastor. The list of pastors from the time of registry under
the Universalist banner is as follows: Sylvanus G. Cobb, 1828-37; John G. Adams, 1837-53: D. P. Livermore, 1853-55; W.
C. Brooks, 1S56-57: T. J. Greenwood, 1858-65: Thomas Gorman, 1865: J. F. Powers, 1866-71; Wm. Bell, 1872-73; W. H.
Ryder, 1873-82: George Babbitt, 18S4-86 ; W. F. Dusseault, 18S7-95 ; J. F. Albion, 1896. As far as known there have been
four meeting-houses erected by the Maiden Parish. The first in 1649, the third in 1730, on or near the site now in use, and the
fourth (which is the body of the present building) was completed in 1802 and dedicated in January, 1S03. The cost was between
$7,000 and SS,ooo. It had two cupolas, in one of which Timothy Dexter, a native of Maiden, placed a large bell. The cupolas
were removed in 1824, and a steeple of four tiers erected. 1836 the galleries were removed and a floor put in, supplying the
present church auditorium with three rooms below. 1857 the steeple was taken down and the present tower substituted, the
organ being installed at that time. A movement is now nearing culmination to provide an entire new building and it seems
likely that within a short time the Fir^t Parish of Maiden will worship in a new up-to-date church, the fifth to be erected by
the parish.
JEalticn
/TtTHlS neat little wooden structure was dedicated in 1S91, and occupies one of the most beautiful sites in the city, standing
^^ on the brow of a steep elevation, commanding a fine view of the surrounding country. It is under the direct charge of
Mrs. E. M. Bruce.
76
j^ftD Bctiforti
N 1833 twenty men organized a religious society under tlie name of " Tlie First Universalist Society of New Bedford."
This society had a short life. In 1S36 another society was organized under the same name with Rev. John M. Spear as
pastor. This society lived thirteen years and built a meeting-house on the corner of Fifth and School streets. In 1849, this
house was sold to the Catholics and the society disbanded. But it was hard for the spirit of Universalism to stay killed. In
1851, a meeting was held and Rev. Hiram Van Campen was called as pastor. During his pastorate the Winchester profession
was adopted, and the present meeting-house was built in 1S55, costing Sio,ooo. It was paid for by the following ten men, each
contributing gi,ooo; James Hammett, Wright Brownell, William H. Seabury, Benjamin Almy, Nathaniel S. Purrington,
Andrew G. Hayes, Nathaniel B. Hall, John P. Knowles, Slocuni Allen, Perry Brownell. The late Hosea Knowlton once
wrote — "These men were not great capitalists, but every-day working men who wanted a church. They saw the only way
religion could be supported was by personal sacrifice, and they made it." In ii)02 the children of John P. Knowles gave the
church a beautiful organ as a memorial to their father. In 1904, the meeting-house was renovated and made beautiful with
hardwood finish throughout, new pews and five Memorial windows. These repairs were made possible largely through the
generosity of Mrs. John P. Knowles, Jr.
5^lpmoutI)
CHE present church was erected in 1S36, by the First Universalist Parish of Plymouth, then just organized. Previous to
that ardent Universalists had been holding meetings wherever they could secure c|uarters. In 1895, a parish-house was
erected as an addition to the church. It is two stories in height, lower floor containing a large auditorium, with stage and
dressing rooms, and also a ladies' parlor. These are used as Sunday-school rooms Sundays, and for meetings, entertainments,
etc., through the week. The upper floor comprises a large banquet room and commodious kitchen. When the parish house
was erected the old-fashioned pews were taken out of the church and replaced by more modem ones. The old pew ends were
utilized in panel-work around the church interior. The church is located on the southern end of Cole's hill, the first burying
ground of the Pilgrims. In digging for the foundations of the parish house several human bones were e.xhumed. There is an
appro.ximate society membership of 11:5 families. The popularity of the church is not so great as in its first days when as has
Deen a common experience with many other of the South Shore and Cape Cod churches it was the leading and most flourishing
church of the town. But it is now regaining some of that popularity. The Sunday-school superintendent is Mrs Anna E.
Bowditch, under whose efficient administration the Sunday School has been greatly helped and increased.
78
«Cfturcl) of €>m father
Spencer
/JIT HE Spencer church is a brick structure, erected in 1883, and the church property has a value of about $17,000. Nearly
^^ 125 families are included in the parish, and about 90 in the church membership. Rev. T. B. T. Fisher is the present
(1Q06) pastor.
JEorti) ([grange
|H1 LE the North Orange building is not the longest of those we present in the Universalist service, it is we believe the
oldest stiTiCture, it having been erected and commenced service as a place of worship as a Congregationalist church in
1 78 1. At a later date it came into the possession of those of the Universalist faith and has since continued as a place of
worship of that denomination. The building is of wood, is a two-story stmcture containing a hall as well as the church
auditorium. Rev L. L. Greene is the pastor.
iUctlianiri iUni\)crsali^t Clnirrh
§>out|) jFvamingfjam
3ftETHANY UNIVERSALIST CHURCH, situated in the center of South Framingham on Franklin street, but two
'^ minutes" walk from railroad and all electric road terminals, is one of the most active churches of this thrifty and rapidly
growing railroad center. Rich in good works, liberal in all faith and politics, it is shedding a large amount of light, the light
of the gospel of Jesus Christ, abroad in the community.
It is young in years but its members by an unusual amount of harmony and activity have made for it a standing of much
honor and influence. Rev. H. \V. Carr is its present pastor.
80
(.hurch"' 5pencer
CfjJrD anilicrsalist Churcf)
/JIT' H E Third Universalist Parish of Somer\ille was founded in iS8i,and contains about 175 families. The church edifice,
^^ erected in 1S84, is located on the comer of College and Morrison Avenues, in the West Somerville district. It has a
pleasant auditorium, vestry and social parlors, and a fine organ. The church organization was perfected in 1S86, and the present
membership is 120. The list of settled pastors is : Rev. Charles .A.. .Skinner, Rev. Charles Macomber Smith, D.D., Rev. Thomas
Edward Potterton, and the present pastor, Rev. William Couden. This churcli is an active, growing one and is made up of
faithful and efficient workers. The Sunday School is large and flourishing, and for a number of years it has been under the
superintendency of Mr. F. Elhvood Smith, who is prominently connected with the Edison Lighting Company of Boston.
Wintcv l^iU aiutjcrsalist Cliurrli
^omcvtJillr
(^ipHlRTV-FIVE charter members made the organization at its incorporation, June 10, 1S79, and Rev. E. H. Capen, D.D.,
^^ president of Tufts College, preached the first sermon. In October, 1879, Rev. W. A. Start, Secretary of Massachusetts
Universalist Convention, assumed charge. In the month of June, 1880, the Rev. R. P. Bush of Everett, was secured as acting
pastor, and continued in charge till January, 18SS. The first regular resident pastor of the parish was Rev. I. P. Coddington,
who took up his work in September, 1S8S, and continued his work until he was called to Rochester, New York, in December,
1898. He was succeeded by Rev. Charles Legal, who served the church for four years. In .September, 1903, the present incum-
bent, Rev. Francis A. Gray, assumed charge of the pastorate. In October, 1904, the twenty-fifth anniversary of the incorpora-
tion of the society was observed with religious ser\'ices and a banquet. The church enters upon its second quarter of a
century with enthusiasm, consecration, and resolution to do its full part in making the community Christian and righteous.
Our motto : " Our Purpose : To ser\-e God and the human race."
82
f|a\)rrI)tU
/TITHE Mt. Washington Church is a brick structure with brown stone trimmings, and stands on corner of Washington and
^^ Gilbert streets. The interior is finished in white pine, has an auditorium seating 300, a lecture-room opening into audito-
rium by partitions that roll up into wall, and seating 40 more, and a gallery at one side of the auditoiium that \vill accommodate 75.
The church was erected in 1892, during the pastorate of Rev. A. Ross. The cost, including land, was $iS,ooo. Three
pastors have presided over its destinies : Rev. A. Ross, Rev. Allen Brown and Rev. Albert White, the present pastor. About
100 families are represented in church and parish. The church has had some misfortunes, a large debt which has been partly
liquidated, and is now on a better footing than ever before. Charles Nason is the president of the parish, a very efficient and
faithful servant, who is ably assisted by a board of trustees consisting of John R. Proctor, (leorge Moss, Joseph Joyce, Charles
Lewes, Frank Frost and Clinton R. Thorn. The Sunday School is small but growing and the congregations are increasing in
numbers and efficient workers.
jTirst i)a\jri1)ill
/TITHIS handsome brick structure was erected in 1S94, and is valued, with other church property, at over S6o,ooo. It is a
^^ thoroughly up-to-date church building, with an auditorium suitable for tlie large congregation, the parish numbering
about 260 families. Rev. L. M. Powers is the pastor.
84
. -_- HekVeKbill. '
(§ran\jille
JN the southwestern part of the State stands the Granville church, a modest and neat wooden building. The church was
formerly used jointly by Methodists and Universalists, though built by the latter, but owing to deaths and removals the
former alone have held services for a short time past. It stands in a beautiful location, and is best reached by a nine-mile drive
from Westfield. The few Universalists now residing in the town take pride in keeping the church property in good repair as
against the time when conditions may warrant again opening the doors for the preaching of the doctrine of universal salvation
in this pretty village of the Berkshire hills.
JlartitDidx
/^UR picture gives an excellent idea of the Hardvi'ick church, which stands on a little knoll near the center of that attractive
^^ country village. It is a pretty church and the surroundings are very tasty and attractive. At present services are held
only in summer months. This church is best reached from Gilbertville, whence it is a pleasant walk or drive over an excellent
road. Gilbertville is easily reached by trolley.
Cljesljire
a
NOTHER of the neat wooden churches of the western portion of the State, erected about 1849. Cheshire is reached from
North Adams, and the pastor of that town usually conducts the services.
86
(Euinci>
/TITHE First Universalist Church of Quincy was organized in 1S30, with 29 members. After calling Rev. Wm. Morse to be
^^ their pastor, under his leadership they began the work of raising funds to build a suitable edifice. In this they were suc-
cessful, and the church located on its present site at the corner of Washington street and Elm place was dedicated Dec. 12,
1832. The cost of the property was §5,000. With the usual vicissitudes the society continued to pro.sper, and about 1S72 a par-
sonage was built on the lot in the rear of the church, fronting Elm place. More recently the church has been remodeled at an
expense of 59,000, and is now a good type of modern church architecture with commodious vestry, parlor and kitchen on the first
floor, and an auditorium of 350 sittings on the second floor. There are no galleries, the windows are of cathedral glass and the
ceiling is finished in semi-circular form. The organ and choir loft are at the side, and on a level with the pulpit platform,
making the whole interior effect agreeable and artistic.
Jlortj) 1^cj)mouti)
^TtTHK " Third Universalist Society in Weymouth" was organized Nov. 19, 1S53. Of the 22 original members only one, Mr.
^^ Wilmot Cleverly, is still living. March, 1855, Rev. Mr. Killam was engaged at $6 a Sabbath half the time for a year, and
remained until 185S. A deed of land at the corner of Sea and Bridge streets. North Weymouth, was acquired May 16, 1855.
March, 1859, Augustus Heals was chosen clerk, which office he held until his death, in 1S93. In 1S71 a committee reported a
plan of the building ; one at a cost of #3,750, the other $4,200. In 1872 the society voted to build a chapel the cost not to exceed
33,500. The committee was later authorized to e.xtend the vote by a .sum not exceeding Si ,000, making a total of ^$4,500. Ground
was broken Sept. 18, 1872, and the chapel finished and dedicated Jan. 17, 1S73. In 1S78, at an expense of more than ;?i,ioo, an addi-
tion was made to the chapel and the vestry finished by E. S. Beals. Rev. Anson Titus, Jr., was pastor 1878-9, and Rev. E. A.
Perry of Quincy succeeded him. He was followed by Revs. R. T. Sawyer, 18S2-4; B. F. Eaton, 1885-93; J- D. Morrison and
Rev. Edward Morris. Electric lights were installed by the Ladies' Sewing Circle in 1896. In 1897 a fund to be known as the
" Beals Fund" was left in trust for the parish by E. S. Beals, the income of same being available each year. Rev. Edward
Morris resigning in 1898, Rev. Judson P. Marvin succeeded him, and he was in turn succeeded by the present pastor. Rev.
Melvin S. Nash, in 1900. In 1902 an organ was given as a memorial to Elias S. Beals and his wife, by their children, providing
the parish would provide suitable accommodations for and have the same played. This generous offer having been accepted,
the church was enlarged and refurnished at a cost of about SSoo. The memorial organ was dedicated Jan. 29, 1903. The fiftieth
anniversary of the organization of the society was celebrated during the week commencing Nov. 15, 1903. In 1904 a fund was
left in trust to the parish by Lewis A. Beals.
jEctDtOU\)tllt
/JIT' HE Newtonville church is built of stone, was erected in 1872, and the pastor is the Rev. A. Hammatt. This is one of the
^^ few active parishes in the State in which the number of church members is returned as exceeding the number of families
included in the parish, indicating a remarkable thoroughness of organization and zeal in the church service. The church prop-
erty is valued in excess of S20.000.
Jlclrose
iTITHE Melrose church, an attractive wooden building, was erected in 1SS6. Kev. H. Marshall is the pastor. A special
^^ feature of this church building is the beautiful window so plainly shown in the picture. The building is conveniently
located and the parish includes nearly 200 families. The Sunday School numbers about 150. \'alue of church property is
about 820,000.
90
f ir^t ilnitjcrsalist
/TtTHE First Universalist Society in Lynn was organized Mar. 25, 1S33, and Rev. Josiah C. Waldo engaged as pastor. The
^^ first meeting-house on Union street was dedicated Dec. 10, 1835, and Mr. Waldo was installed as pastor. He resigned in
1838, and Rev. Lemuel Willis commenced his labors as pastor May 15, 1S39. Rev. H. G. Smith was installed pastor May 18,
1843: Rev. Merritt Sanford came Jan. 18, 1845: Rev. Darwin Matt comnienced his labors July 23, 1848: Rev. Elbridge G.
Brooks became pastor November, 1S50, and remained until October, 1859, and was succeeded by Rev. Sumner Ellis, March,
1S60. Rev. Charles Wesley Biddle was installed pastor in December, 1863, and remained seventeen years. During Mr. Biddle's
pastorate the old church was remodeled, the society continued to increase under his pastorate, and the new stone church was
built on Nahant street and dedicated in September, 1872. Mr. Biddle resigned in 18S0, and John Coleman Adams became the
next pastor, and remained four years. Rev. James Minton Pullman, D.D., preached his first sermon April 12, 18S5, and con-
tinued until his death, Nov. 22, 1903. Rev. Henry Blanchard, D.D., occupied the pulpit for one year and the present pastor,
Rev. Frederic W. Perkins, was installed March 14, 1905. The parish has the largest membership of any Universalist parish
in the State.
J»cconD iHnibcrsalist
%^m\
C
HE following is the record of the first meeting of what is now the Second Lhiiversalist Parish of Lynn :
Agreeably to public notice according to law a meeting was holden at the house of Mr. John F. Cook for
the purpose of organizing the second Universalist Society. Votes were received by J. C. Stickney, Esq.,
justice of peace, for clerk. Whole number of votes of which were eighteen. Necessary for choice, ten.
E. W Mudge had eighteen and was declared chosen and duly sworn by Mr. Stickney. Meeting was called to
order, votes called for Moderator. Whole number of votes given were eighteen. Nathaniel V. Culbertson was
unanimously chosen. \'oted that a committee be chosen to select a list of candidates for officers for the soci-
ety the ensuing year. Voted that this committee be composed of three individuals. \'oted that E. W. Mudge,
John F. Cook, Calley Newhall, be that committee. \'oted that the number of trustees be left with that com-
mittee. After the committee had reported votes were received for the list of the oflRcers, each receiving nine-
teen votes and were declared elected. Calley Newhall, trea.surer: Daniel Walden, cl. ; John Woodburn,
Nathaniel V. Culbertson, Moses W. Wilson, Ezekiel H. .-Vllen, John F. Cook, trustees \'oted that a committee
of five be appointed to report a constitution and by-laws at the adjourned meeting. \'oted that E. F. Tainter,
William (kitterson, George H. Breed, D. K. Millitt and Calley Newhall, be that committee. \'oted that this
meeting be adjourned to meet at John F. Cook's house, Commercial street, Wednesday evening. Mar. i5, 1836.
The present meeting-house is a wooden stnicture and was dedicated in 1882.
(2^ransr
/TIT H E church at Orange is a comparatively new building, having been erected in iSgo. It is a two-story wooden structure,
^^ with an elegantly-designed spire. The parish consists of about 275 families, and the Sunday School numbers about 270
Rev. P. A. Allen, Jr., is the pastor, and the church property 's valued at about $30,000.
%
HE Norwell church is a pretty, modest wooden edifice, erected in 1SQ4. The parish comprises about 50 families.
^JITHE first Universalist Society of Webster was partially organized in April, i86i,but did not become a legal body until June,
^^ 1S66. The first pastor, Rev. George J Sanger, began his work in 1864. During his pastorate the present church building
was erected and was dedicated as " The Church of the Redeemer," Aug. 21, 1S67. Rev. J. W. Keyes followed IVIr. Sanger as
pastor of the church. During his pastorate his wife died and was buried in the Webster cemetery, and in after years his body
was laid beside her. IWrs. Eliza Tucker Wilkes supplied the church for some months during 1873. Rev. J. H. Moore was
pastor from 1874 to Spring of 1878. Rev. J. F. Simmons came in the Fall of 1878, remaining until the Spring of 1885. Rev.
E. W. Preble, after a pastorate of eight years, resigned Jan i, 1S95. March 10, 1895, Rev. N. S. Hill began his labors,
remaining until April, 1S98. Rev. Clarence Ball was the ne,\t pastor, leaving in January, 1903. Sept. i, the same year, Rev.
W. G. Schoppe became pastor of the church.
94
flptif ^ark
/^IpHE Universalist Church of Hyde Park was built in 1S95, and is located on Arlington street. It is a very attractive addi-
^^ tion to the community. The auditorium is in e.xcellent taste and the furnishings are of solid oak. The organ is of ample
power and fine quality of tone. Its simple and impressive lines and soft coloring make it an effective feature of the interior.
The seating capacity is 300. The vestry is in the basement. It is comfortably furnished with chairs, a good modern piano and
everything needed on the platform. There is a library, two ante-rooms, kitchen, toilet and a furnace room. The whole building
is lighted with electricity. The church is very attractive, thoroughly equipped and very convenient. Pastor, Rev. William F.
Uusseault : Superintendent Sunday School, Mr. F. B. Hodgdon.
jIartDootJ
/j^RCi ANIZEU Universalism in Norwood dates from Sept. 8, 1S27, when a paper was circulated among the people of South
^^ Dedham looking to the formation of a parish. Fifty-two signatures were obtained, and Oct. 22 the organization was per-
fected. Rev. J. C. Waldo was the first pastor, and a house of worship was built on the lot where the Catholic church now
stands, and dedicated Jan. 14, 1S30. Rev. Thomas Whittemore preached the dedication sermon, Rev. Hosea Ballou offering
prayer. Among the early pastors were Rev. Rufus Pope, who was the first man to publicly strike a blow for temperance in
South Dedham, and Rev. Edwin Thompson, who began his pastorate in 1840, and whose name as an apostle of temperance was
long a household word in Norfolk County and throughout the State. In 1855, Rev. Ebenezer Fisher became pastor. At a
meeting held Mar. 9, 1863, it was voted to sell the old meeting-house and build a new one. The property was purchased in the
interests of the Catholics of the town, and with a few additions it is the Catholic church there today. The new church was
built at the comer of Washington and Nahatan streets. Rev. M. B. Leonard being the pastor at the time. It was dedicated
Feb. II, 1S64. Rev. George Hill succeeded Mr. Leonard, Feb. 3, 1865, and was pastor for seventeen years. Rev. W. C. Selleck
succeeded Mr. Hill and was followed by Rev^ G. I. Keirn in 18S4. Nov. 19 of this year the church was burned- The society
immediately took action to erect a new building, and Sept. 21, 1S85, the corner-stone of the present structure was laid, the Grand
Lodge of Free and .Accepted Masons assisting. Rev. Dr. H. R. Nye was the ne.xt pastor, and was followed by Rev. Charles
Nickerson, in whose pastorate the mortgage on the church was canceled. Rev. W. B. Eddy served the church for eleven years
and was succeeded in December, 1903, by the present pastor. Rev. Elliot B. Barber. The church is a beautifully designed stone
structure, has a bell and clock in the tower, and is one of the chief objects of pride of the village. A " Boys" Camp " is one
of the features connected with the church work.
96
jFirst Camljrttise
/TITHE First Universalist Church of Cambridge stands immediately facing the City Hall of that city, and is especially notice-
^^ able for its tall and graceful spire. It is a wooden structure, erected in 1SS2, and the parish includes over 200 families. It
has a large Sunday School, and the church property is valued at about $55,000. Rev. G. W. Bicknell is now ( 1905) the pastor.
Cast Cambritisc
/TirHE Kast Cambridge Church building, a neat, plain wooden structure, is located in more of a resident section than the
^^ parent church. While the church membership is smaller it is not less devoted or energetic. The building was erected
about 1S66. The pastor of the First Church also administers to this parish at this writing.
98
fTtTHE present church was erected in 1S7S and is valued at about $5,000. About eighty families are included in the parish
pigeon Co\)t
/TIT' HIS is a neat, pleasant appearing wooden building dedicated in 1874. There are about 70 families in the parish. Church
^^ property is valued at about $6,500. Rev. R. H. Cheever is the pastor.
fllTHIS is a wooden building erected in 187S. The parish is quite small and there is, at present, no settled pastor.
Cliurcl) of *Dur fatficr
^outl) Boston
/TIT' HE church is located at 540 East Broadway, and was dedicated in 1870. It is a modest wooden bviilding vahied at about
^^ $[2,000. This society is one of those noticeable for the church membership exceeding the number of families enrolled in
the parish, there being about loo of the latter to nearly 150 of the former. There is a ciuite large Sunday School and Young
People's organization. Rev. R. H. Di,\ is pastor.
^11 M'oul^' IhiiMcv^alwt €i\uxct\
Cast Boston
3.S located on White street. It is a rather peculiar wooden structure, and was dedicated in iSyi. The parish comprises
about 160 families, and there is a very large Sunday School. Rev. F. W. Sprague is the pastor.
^cconti ^pringfielti
/TIT HIS church was started as a missionary branch of St. Paul's Church during the pastorate of Rev. Charles Conklin. In
^^ January, 1898, the meetings were held in Steel's Hall, corner Bay and Princeton streets. The small room, which held
about 100 people, was so crowded it soon became apparent that other quarters must be provided for this mission. In the
second year of its existence the present edifice was built on the corner opposite to the hall. The property is valued at $10,000.
Ci)irti ^prtngfielti
rAr HIS church is situated at the corner of North and Waverly streets, in the midst of a beautiful residential section. It is
^^— the result of a mission established by Rev. Charles Conklin in a store on North Main street in the year 1898.
The society has been prosperous since the beginning, and the church interior is very cozy and homelike. The member-
ship of the parish is made up almost entirely of families residing in the vicinity of the church. The property is worth about
Sio,ooo.
104
f|orton\)iUf
(Jf NEAT little chapel is the house of worship in Hortonville, a town near Swansea not far from the Rhode Island line. This
place is reached by stage from Swansea, or the electrics between Fall River and Providence run within about a mile.
There had been no services for some time preceding" the summer of 1905, when a few were held. The building is neat and in
good condition, and it is hoped that the way may be soon made plain to resume regular religious worship. The picture gives
a good idea of the structure.
^aligns
^7tr HIS neat little edifice, with a seating capacity of 200 or more, is situated on the Main street in the historic town of Saugus,
^^ which was settled in 1629. The population of the town is about 6,500. This parish has a very interesting history, dating
back to 1737, when it was known as the Third Parish of Lynn. It was in 1832 that it was voted by the majority that the Uni-
versalist doctrine should be preached, and those who considered this a dangerous doctrine withdrew and formed an Orthodo.x
parish. The present building was 1. rected in 1S60.
^l)ulci>
/TIT' HE church in Shirley is a large wooden building, well-designed and presenting a fine e.xterior, situated in a commanding
^^ position at the angle of two prominent streets. The fate that attends many of our interior Ma.ssachusetts towns has some-
what diminished the parish since the dedication in uS6g. The church property is valued at about Jt 1,000. Rev. T. J. Farmer,
Jr., is the pastor.
106
jHansftelti
^Jir'HIS church was dedicated June 25, iS8q. There is connected with it a church and parish organization, a church aid,
^^ Sunday School, and what is known as " The Fraternity." The church organization is the work of a former pastor, the
Rev. Q. H. Shinn, D.D. The Sunday .School was started by the late C. S. Frost, a man strong in the Christian faith. Its
present superintendent is Mr. \Vm. W. Barnes, who is doing effective work in this department. These various organizations
are all in a healthy, growing condition and doing excellent work.
During the past few months the interior of the church building has been thoroughly renovated, all the woodwork var-
nished and new carpets laid in the church aisles. The movement for a church edifice was started and brought to a happy con-
summation by the Rev. George Hill. " To him," the record says, " untiring in his endeavors and wise in his methods, the happy
outcome is largely due." The church is modern, attractive in appearance, with a tower on the comer. The tower contains a
fine-toned bell. The building is painted in handsome modern color. The auditorium is 32 .\ 44 feet and finished in ash. The
pews, 40 in number, are of the same. The pulpit and minister's chair are of oak. Both are the gift of a Boston friend.
The ladies" parlor opens with folding doors and may be used in connection with the auditorium proper. The building is cen-
trally located on one of the most handsome streets of the town and is easy of access. Around the church are stately shade
trees.
^ealjotij)
3^0H.AT is now the town of Peabody was the South \'illage of Danvers. ■ It was set off as the town of South Danvers in
^^ 1S55, and its name changed to Peabody in 1S6S.
The Universalist church of Peabody was organized as the Second Universalist Society of Danvers, and the church edifice
was erected in 1832. This building was remodeled in 1S67, and in more recent years has been improved. The church edifice,
parsonage and other property, are valued at about 330,000. There are about 150 families, 60 church members, 160 in Sunday
School. The town has 13,000 population, and is steadily growing, and presents an ample field for the work of the church.
jFojriJoro
/TIP' HE church in Fo.\boro is a wooden building, built in 1S43, located on Bird street, fronting the common, a sightly place. It
^^ originally had a spire in addition to the belfry shown, but it was blown off in a severe gale many years ago. There is a
bell whose sound is heartily welcomed by the society. There is a vestry in the basement, and the auditorium seats about 200.
A church organization was formed in 1865, during the pastorate of Rev. C. A. Bradley.
loS
^akeficlti
/TIT' HE Universalist Society of South Readinn; (now Waketield), was organized in April, 1S13. It had no settled minister for
^^ several years, the first pastor being" Rev. John C. Newell, who labored two years. In 1839 the society erected a church
edifice at an expense of $5,000. This stnicture stood until 1859, when it was moved back fifty feet, raised and enlarged, a steeple
added, and a vestry for the Sunday School built in the basement, the former vestry having been above the main room or audito-
rium. The expense of these improvements was about S6,coo.
In July, igoo, the church was badly damaged by fire and water, necessitating quite extensive repairs. The vestry and
auditorium were newly painted and frescoed, the organ raised to a level with the pulpit, a minister's room built on the side of
the platform opposite the organ, and new furniture in the way of carpets and upholstery supplied.
From 1S33 to the present time the church has had 19 pastors, inclusive of Mr. C. Guy Robbins, who is now in charge.
The superintendent of the Sunday School is Mr. Arthur B. Ware, Mr. N. E. Cutler having held the office for more than twenty-
five years previous to Mr. Ware's election. The church memberhhip is 75 at the present time.
I^alttjam
"TITHE first organized movement iii Waltham began in the fall of 1830. Meetings were held in Bank Hall, corner Main and
^^ Lexington streets. The first settled minister was the Rev. Wm. C. Hanscom, who came in the summer of 1837. He died
May 23, following, and was succeeded by Rev. Sylvanus Cobb in April ; and in July a church was formed with a membership
of 33-
In 1S39 a church was erected at the corner of Lyman and Summer streets, which was afterwards moved to Main street,
where the society worshipped till 1859. About this time the slavery cjuestion agitated the society so much that meetings were
discontinued and the church was sold. In 1S65, the scattered forces regathered and meetings were held in Rumford Hall, with
the Rev. Benton Smith as pastor. The present house of worship, which stands on Main street near Grant, was erected in 1880,
under the ministry of the Rev M. R. Leonard, whose pastorate extended from 1871 to 1885. The present pastor is the Rev.
Frederick A. Taylor, whose ministry began in January, 1900. The movement has prospered in W'altham. The society has no
standing debt, numbers nearly 1000 souls, and is doing creditable work.
Hj^annis
/TIP' HE new Universalist church in Hyannis is the fourth to be erected in that beautiful village. The tirst church was erected
^^ about 1833. The second was dedicated in 1S4S. It was struck by lightning and burned in 1S73. The third church was
dedicated in 1874, and destroyed in the great tire of Dec. 3, 1904. The fourth church was dedicated Nov. 20, 1905, and held its
first regular service Dec. 3, 1905.
It was dedicated free of debt, at a cost exceeding Sio.ooo. It is the church home of about 140 families, among whom are
the foremost citizens of the village. A few of its oldest members worshipped as children in the first church. Among its activi-
ties is a flourishing Sunday School of 75 members with a kindergarten and cradle-roll departments, an active sewing circle, a
Young People's Social Club, and a Knights of King .Arthur. The present pastor. Rev. H. L. Buzzell, began his duties
July 3, 1904. At present the church is well organized and thoroughly re.spected in the community.
^^M'^^
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