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.c> 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC 
OF EGYPT 



A KEY 

TO THE EXEUCI^KS TN 

THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 

Br J, 8BLDEN WILLMORE, M.A. 
D«n7 8ro. tewed, ^». 6d. nvt 

Prett Notice* of the Fird Edition of 
" The Sffokfit Arabic of Egypt" 

Thf iVcifiQn eifi :— " Not eince Spltta'e vpoch-nuklna work 
liftTe we hud H dtitalJed an exAciluAtiuti tit<l no cnnipItW ■ 
itiLtemf nt of tho ectiul (ecU of Uie dlelecta of EffyjiL " 

Eg'jptriOrtk Gaztttt. — ^'An Able, ethaualive, iiid ■cho^iU'ly 
trvatmantof theVeinAcalarof Egypt . , . thli ni«tAbl? wort" 

TAfl JfAflunm.— "Hucb the brnt book on the lubj^ct Ihat 
hu lo Ibt ftppearcd . . . (be tyitem af trBntUtefatlon BdDpte<l 
la eicellenC, iLtople, J^ BdeqUntc," 



fll' THE S^ifE AUTHOR 

HANDBOOK 

or 
SPOKEN EGYPTIAN ARABIC 

COMtALtirFfU A 9K0HT QKaUUaH AND AH ENOU£K-AHABrC 
VnCABUIART OF CURRENT KUHI9S AND IXPRBSSIOVB 

Square 16ino, cloth, 2a. 



THE SPOKEIST ARABIC 
OF EGYPT 

GRAMMAR, EXERCISES, VOCABULARIES 



BT 



J, SELDEN WILLMORE, M,A. 

0^1 or TB» JuvaiSor inn HATvrr. ooukt op 

ATFUL AT Ciao 



SECOND UEVISKD AND ENLARGED EDITION 



LONDON 

DAVID NUTT, 57-59 LONG ACRE 

190^ 



6 



INTRODUCTION 



Professor SnEiji>oN Ahos once reiuurked to me that Egyptian 
Arabic bad be«n a hopeless puzzle bo hinit which he despaired 
of ever being able to mastor, until he fell acrosa 3pitta Bey^a 
grammar of the language. Then all became cleftr at once. 
Spitta^H work was indeed a model of the way in which a apoken 
living language should be scieotifically studied. But it was 
necessarily the work of a pioneer. It opened the way which 
others should follow aud complete. 

The work that was begun by Spitta seems to me to have 
been finished by Mr. Willmore- The present volume contains 
an exhaustive account of the Cairene dialect of Egyptian 
Arabic as it is spoken to-day. On the practical aide it will 
be welcomed by those who live in Egypt and wish to understand 
and be understood by the oativefl. But it will be quite as 
much welcomed by the student of scientific philology. It tells 
him what he wants to kjiow— how a living Semitic language 
pronounces its words and forms its grammar. For langu^L^e 
consists of sounds, not of written aymboia, and its grammar is 
that of ordinary conversation. Whut has been termed anti- 
quarian philology is doubtless important to tbo historian or the 
literary scholar; for linguistic science it is of little use- The 
living organism alone can yield scientific results; the spellings 
of a past age or the grammatical forms which exist only in 
books ai'H a hinilrance rather than a help to scientific reseaich. 
It isj of course, essential that the living organism should bo 
represented as accurately and exactly ns possible- In other 
words, we must have a notation which shall reproduce the 
pronunciation of a language with approximate accuracy. The 
defective Arabic alphabet, with its diacritical marks and poverty 



INTRODUCTION 



of vocalic symbols, is out of the quastion. It belongs to a pr^ 
sctBDtific age and people, and is wboll; tmfittdil to represent 
the living sounds of & modern. Arabic language . For this wQ 
muBt have recourse to some modification of the L&tin ftlphAbet 
Wh&t this modificAtion shall he will depend on the immediate 
object in view. If the object i* purely scientific, we may make 
our choice between the alphabets of Lepsius^ Alexander J. Ellis, 
or Sweet ; if, ou the other band^ it is mainly practical, there 19 
nothing better than the alphabet adopted in the " Sacred Books 
of the East," or that adaptation of Spitta Bey's alphabet which 
is to be found in the present work. This latter reproduces 
the pronunciation of the Cairene dialect with all the accuracy 
needed by the practical student. It seta before u& a Bemitic 
ku^uage AS it really exists, not an artificial jargon such Hs has 
been imagined by grammarians of the old school or the oompOera 
of newspaper articles. 

A. H, SAYCE. 



PKEFACE 
TO THE SECOND EDITION 



Tb^ tievr i>dition Imii httfin ft*llo<l for by tho puliliaher id vi^wijf 
th* potitinned ftflnmnU for thft GfamaLi^ U>Ui in ^uroye ami in 
Egypt ftiaoe tbe fij'*t lnH«mi.' eiLnuiibed eii m'iiitli*i ago. A 

thn AtvidaucB h^u4 Iia'-ti ineurlerlj and lin Appi^ndiv aorxtniEiing ^ 
f«W ikddttional ^■iiniiiiEkticiLi Liot^; iiiid tli<^ work hik^ biton ^i^n^ 
mlly revised, A Kvy to tht linfliciHti, iiicUidk;^ th« Storiea, 

111 Europe tIio lionh hns been fntvourably reireived, biit> long 
ftnd oftvi*fiil (^HiiqiLc vrliich ftppa*r^ in the Jiiu^'Tta/ if tfi^ Royitl 
Aaiitlir tviri'cfij [oi- April 1^02 conldicia oertam ri?miu'k« Ui nliuh 
\t in necv^iMfirv' Ic I'pply- Thn writJT roinplnins, fii'Ht.lj, Uiiit I lio 
iidL *' keep up,'' a% SpJt^ doe^, " u ro^nlar comprinr^on Lfe(,w«eii 
«lBS^a>l jind eolloquLiI Ambic." Tbo iCA-^ti of tlii^^ lii^ 4iiVn, 
" lis apjMrtziTi wlmii tbe Author'* Pre^Kie is exmciLied. Fnnu it 
nut; b*) ^Hth^rfv^ that hodonfl not hBliove thntCairnikp ifidei-ivHl 
from ctiiAijiotU Arabic. " The r-etidoQ why 1 do tiot throughout 
draw pATall^ls biJtweeTi the clfi^Wcrbl and coltoquinJ if tliAt tb« 
tirftmm&i' is not intimded to b»f a compajntive ocr. It is not) 
like Sp^tta'R, Qd[lrFM0ed f,o pchoUri' nlon^. hut in pni-tiiritlrir to 
tboM «hci flaek II pnicticiil kni^wlE^lgfl iif the «vej'_vday Hpe^rli of 
Ui# p[7.>pli^ It 19 luy lirm coaFict.iun th«t, when tbn object U 
merely A pricticAl one, t,hi> uolto^uiiLl difllRct ^briuld h** t/tu^lii 
without t^f^re-nco to tli« literary, and b«foi-^ xh^ Uttor ti 
Attfrmptw). It would be difticdlt in qnole an iuFiUnce nf a 
p*r(KiO vho hftB learnt to convflraL* fliif:ntlv in nn Orient*! laa- 
^uA^o nfter hiLVEii^ bi>ec]ni<f uaimtoni^l tj thii Utpmry Htylc, Htid 
thik evau Jkfti^r a ^rurtt iruiny yeum vf rouident*^ in th^ coiintfy. 
It liiia buen my objeot to '^bow thht L^jiii^ne Al-abii' hue a 
j^Hiumat ol ilflowtt. hud thai it 10 ^nite uunei-O'^Mtv, if oitV whully 
iiiiyjrrwtj Ui IwwK ii on flmt *^f T.hi- Qtmil-'b. TIj'- j'evifw*'r 
Addi thnt I gati^rallv rej^^t Uiv 44»r^<i« of a k^oidet wbor^u iiU^a 



vm 



l^REFAOE TO THE SECOND EDITION 



from Hebrew, Svriat', or AmbaMc [Anraftic f]. But the isuni- 
Urity b?twtou tbo Hgbicw ft-od sjitik**!! Amliic v&rb w^a Lonn 
iig<» reiuttrk(*d lij Wri;^ht, iiud othei" MlifJriTs hnvy in^kuovledged 
oThpr pointsof rnsfliu bin lire, to whk'h I havp drjiivn flttsiitioii in 
tbe PrcfiLoo to th« fii'-t Editiotk nnd elgewh^re. A wiitej- in 
the Jifurttat Asi'itvfia^ of tljc year 1850 Srtjfi ; '^ Bi» gtii^™! 
l'Hi>l*rf>u Ik pluf! lIb riLpp^M'Lr^ av^ Tjirtibt! vuJ^&iro qii'avm; I'litubi* 
litioml , , , et il er n^iulta que ce qua nous nppplone I'nrilit 
ralgttiic est igfllemetit un dinlocto fort nncion;*' nnd Reiuiu 
{Hitlnirft d>^ LnUiTUt'* ^t'liifti'/iwn) . " L'ftjTi*>e ndpiiri' est rest* 
bieii pliiH nL^»[>roc:bi> qLit4 Lariibe Iktiii-ul diT I'HiUir^ii i?t dti type 
esrf-uli^l des langaes St'initiques" Tlip HimiUnty between 
Oaircne FUid Arumaic ^rainmru' und %hi± foima whivb wordti 
aoauuio in tbese two l&ngua^ee i» very Atrildug- For exaiLiEite, 
the literjiry ArJibit; thMnftniii f, i-)NiuiAt]iyfttuii right, Uiiiuruii 
<V, dbirck'utj arf^i. appeAr in Ai-auttie ns temAru'V f. temiuiyij, T'or 
ftiiddcrA\ in E^yptifiii Ar&bic sb tamanyD, tor M^'^^i dir&'J I'h^ 
ftiiuacuini flhjTBb rwt i^A^sis in Hebr«w, ^ytiLLC, iinii Aromiuc, but 
not in i>]n?'sij'Al Arabic ; tba noun r|>Lsiiah, rt^^rded, ii- Heenm, IjV 
piiriEU ws & rnljjar word, is used iu the Boob of E^oJus ti>'4eii'il0 
the stubble wbic^h the I,sraolites pftthored for tbeir brio^R, Sly 
(ibjerlr iji dnwiug atteutiou bo the^e points oF i'i^Hiniibl»i>i'e 
belweon the Egyptian verncuMilji:' nnd ancient Sftxiiitic Iftngnagfl* 
is to ri.>movo u.% Itjioat nue preju'iipo ftgflinst the Itynuov by shij^w- 
ing tliat the title of 'nnbi ninkailr (or mekacaarj U bpialowo'i 
[i|Hiu it iti l}ie erruTLcmiK iks.su in plkiit thnt ilti* wonls ihtid f'-trDJB 
iiro Qn-roly comiptione I'f K-tniuie Arabia- which hnvo ciept iti 
[tilLi^e thu ilf^jiriL, und thiht bvcuueo itr^ gi^uimftr diltL^e froui 
Siifnrj/ ^niiuiUikr it boa uu ^ruuuj&r at oil I Ma?l Miilltr eay^ 
ill % ui'wti iriHE.rui'tive ixWHni.'f ihJit *' It in a uiiqtnk»> Ihi iitm>^irj« 
tbftldi:iliv.'tft Hi<-' evtii-yubAr** UEiiTDptiuu^ of tb^ Ijr urj^rv JArigtj^>{tf, 
, . . Tb<9y Hre pitmll^l strejiirtb wftifh i^xi^t'^d bm^ h^fori^ tb« 
tir^jv when '>uv t>f tbeiri wive iril&i'd t^ (but teuijh^rurv wmiuenc 
wbifh is rJi* re*iih uf lit^imy ciiltivntinri. DiftWiA ^iijit pre- 
vwui to the fornantioa of litorm-y luni^ungtti^ fcjr evwy litta-ni't 
Initguivge U but out out of mftoy dmlcoU ; nor ducd it at ftll follow 
Ibal. Eifter uae qF tbem bur» buL^u inirtf,<d lo thv dignity u£ ■ 
htAiKTi' liU]|fuage< the otbi^rit Hhmdd Hii<ldeTily b»> !>]lAin»l or 

■ ArtAtjy. or Cbnueorr Ambio, rnUowx th« U«br«v m i < t "<~ 
•entio,^ ^^*- Koranic th tuid dh by aibiUut*, Ibiu H*hi 
tPivA i/.iTo ), Tkuhwjk •T'r, KtrA*, vrbilo Anoink' Jiud jtpokf'i^ ^^i.^iru- 
r^pn<M>Tit tJktfm intni-iatily Uy t itnd if u «!><»««. 



PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDniON 



IX 



ittrnnglail. . . On th« pnntrary, tliwy l[v*» on lti Fiill vi^ur, 
Irhongti in ctunparative aecuHty ; fl-nd unJe^s the ht«riLrj i-iid 
oourtlj lufiguagKs iovi^orate th^maflTcs bv a cr>n[Ttii.ntlv renowed 
mt?i'ctjiirafi with their former comiiftQlouv, tht populat rliiLJei'td 
wiU wioripr or later ^iflftert their iiai^*»nil!inf'y." * 

The ridvidv«r doubts whether the Siml letter* of ab, ;ikh. 
Hint a fow other worrt' noted in J 24 are in peality doubled, and 
["emftrka thitt "a double coi^aonnat doaiog a BjlUb|« would be 
frojioijiic*>(l in t^iootly tlie sAfne way ^ a i^rngle one ; iu duplj« 
enUon c<tu]d ijniy be hppnr^nt nhen it \e followed by a ^ helping * 
VOW(tl.^' 1l W'LU bectbuae [ Iiud htjard the helping rowel that I 
vrrule th«»« ovii^uiiauts double. 31oreuv«r, it i& uot eiflct to 
My ^b^t ^ fluul dfiublM ooiteonant i^^ pronounfjed in preoifiety 
the HHEQ^ VAV JM>L ^inirl^ ou^ (^M ^ 2i, K^cuark ^)-^ 1 obsH^rvo 
that, with thi? eiLce^itioQ of a\\ lill these wordfi arv writteu nitb 
a double (TOiisoNout in Spiru'>< Ar^LbittvocnbuJarj.' Diimm htottti, 
cimitt^d in thd fiisT f>dJtiuTi, ia dciw ndded to the llNt. 

Th[^ reviower npxt dinpntea the (irtho^^jjbv of tLv wurda 
wntten with t, d, », and z, iadt«ttri of l, d, et, and e, ;iad ^uggetla 
tliat '* Atmipbixl^ an ih** spot nbould iiK^uirf? whoTjmr the coKrui- 
mints UTO r^illy tr-Aii9miit<<d lit the mdiini^r iuiiioatod," Not 
ordy hiLve 1 ^Mubmitt.cd iMc i^pilliik)* of tb(^tic wor'i^ to h natiwj 
Aod ufttfLJ to niui-e rfian one untivi^^ but iti nmcv nx^es I havi) 
fr)^iTi[1 h[iK w<ir(ls iKTitEHflii K.4 T bn\i< pivt^ii tbpm hv p^r^soiiH wluiaB 
Aduoiitioii le ouly ^m^b ofl to euiiblt thf m to nrite pboTieti(»Uy, 
or by ki'tti" rijpurl'iii^ the vu^t |>ttiDiind4tioii of the dpcnket. 
Tb<' f^>lluwin^. for iii^Uiti^t-) I huvfi rtiL^i^utly uuUctd : uidjiuwiLF. 
pTbCn, furrw, Inmfin, diitb (i/mirtrr, ififtri^), a/^, a^nuw*;, T**" 
[roivmiif), a 1;a\hii (/ihf^ jiXi'e b^r). 8ametim«B £ have boeii oor- 
reet«d when pronoancioi; a word oji it i^ Krittfin in th^ Literary 
Ia(i|fiiBg«, aud tfild tbnt '' nhiLtover it Ouiy be in Nalnejf, wo 
pronfiuDce in Ambio witli a ^ '"— or f cr whatever it tnny be. 
All tb?e& tbinge £ have oaroFully iiot«d,fiJid £ do uot tbiok that 
•nybody eU© "on the epot " wonlii bp able to proceed with 
grf»atercflre And caution i^%u I have ttiy«alf> 



1 By tbifi nd^ the Uebrew UtiiFary InD^uagd gr«dii«]ly gavo 
wuy 1<) th<» popuhir Ajnmiiic after 300 tkC> 

^ Hi-w *l»i" Hpii.tj*. 

' Ho doabl0F4 hba /j of itA in the pluntl rmly, 

* TaWii btd now bevn omitted from (he Uat, ihau^h inuiwa 
ftuij ilit*i>va nrfl given by Spii'o in the seiiae of if? he j\tUot. Itotk 
aliLii'u liud lt]]ulJ■^ jippeAT iu his vocabuljibt y^ hut tJie coiuiuou pro 
nundntioD m alinib. 



PKEFACE TO THE SECOND KDITIOS 



Tte D«it observation is »3 folW& :— " Th" Lelpiug or Bcmi- 
vowtU are not rts u nili* represHitftd. . . . It, is bar^ tfj PX^iJair 
the reiiHOD of the ciuUflioTi of the Ri^n fcr Ittiiuub qn^' buFore a 
\owel, cr to uDilftrAt^nd how the ^trfletic^ oF ihin oonc^'iiuDti am 
be divine*!. Whun niara is written how la iin> one Ur ki*jw 
thftt It rauKt be pmijciimc^ mai'tt?" The he]j"ipy t^hpsU ure 
boUavetl to be repro*^ectcd thi'oijfjjhout the book -wherever thej 
ure pronounced, and I huve not been ftbit to discover nTHiwi^iae* 
A?( to the omission of Uip nigu qcifo i') i^be nDi>e on p. '12 uf (be 
l^rAtnmai' wfl« intj>TicU<ii tovonvey thjtt r.bii? aigu would be moiuv 
miaad hofore a word beginning with a vovet, as Auit / for 'ada, 
fbfi its omi^idoEL tber^ could citube ncr cotjfitflion. WLeii it ucoorfl 
in the middle of n worJ, na in mnsfllft, it's^gAT. it is nlwAVa 
prints ; but it ie not printed i& inara, beciLii«& mnrn ant) not 
niJLr'ft ifl thQ onlv pronuEiciAtion {a u^o by a\\ oinst^H'tf: 

SfiitTjL, the reTJi'Wer anya, ijoee not coiroborAto tuy view th&t 
the indefinite* npf.ifle Wiiliid n^ree* with the noun Home i-xrnp- 
tioiip \f> the i-idfi bav^j ulie^vdy been gtveo in g 327 (a***- aino The 
ioDtnctfl>, find it muBt l-e tidmitted Umt wjihid sitt, wifiid liittii, 
&c . MtU ufLeij Ijo A^id by uative^ of tbe lowvr onk'ri wtiu iw^ in 
conRtftut touf'h with Europi^jiriB, just »h r.he) will jmy ttrrt^n 
(iirflbn nnd iiu&a kuiba^. Many of thi^ni wilt vvcti c-nnimtt. t.hea» 
bjirbuH>imft in convePMLtion with i)iii> another. ■■Y^Hionidu I 
jkiiui]>; \t\ ] knlAiti bi aubab imjuhum *^\i\t \ TnlyArLlyu wi 1 
l^jrlg vi I Iti^Ua,'' a^ was remnrk'^d to nij^ by n nnliv»» vho iLVnids 
tAioh unnuturiil vori'Uptions. I^omc believe tbut it ln it Qnv ihinff 
to imitate KiuiJpeAr Arabic. But thtw npiesraooa iboiilJ 
■iilTely be Hvoideil bs Kurujiturirf who wish lu ^pmik ivnTHJilv^ 
jiist fi« f.fipy ari* avoid^-d by the higher dpLsne" of thr nftt.iv*^. 
Tbey itre ni>t even kitovu to thosd who hiiTe no irternoartie frith 
Eunjpi<aD8. 

tfomfi i>tb(ir [loiiita uf ditTi^rui^cv betvmn hpitta nud myfi»lf 
Are pointed out— far iuGtcnctf. thnt the fonnit it'liEini, iLfihin, 
JtC-t ^Lveii by SpittA uie not [-^t'o^niard by me. It luuy ha that 
UiPHv forujA nr« usc^d in L^|r(!ei' E^iyj^it. hot I huT« bn^it iinabln 
Vi meet with any niie who Ihh bwiid tbctn in <Jftii'o. But Uia 
inr#t iojporiAiiv |4>int ix tbe coticoi'd of tbo vnrh when it pn^ 
cedf-4 (h dHlnitc E^u)>jeDt, Tbun. hiccordin^ to Spirta wv en)r, 
yi^j^'nl rh*\. fit]/ hi"i»ti fwhr^^ itot titgfi'uJ rA^I ; Umian yi^ a 
■itt. not Uniuin tip n ■itl. I am at a |n*i* V) und«r»urtd bow 
K 1^arol1ll an ohfle^^'ov a4 Spitt« t^n bjxve< nrHvAil nt thiH rnnt- 
«]ueic-ti. No fl^TiiM vn^janl rJi*t will b»i fn^iiently biMid if the 
MH4ik^~ t* in r I I, with a Kuio^^vui, (ti if bi> i^nrnHh from 

tne Kutlafj, 01 ' IS ir he bju n lonfttlj^rinfl of r.h» ItidTAry 



PRETAOE TO TiTE SEOOND BHTTION 



n 



idiom ihud tne^ to imilxtf^ it, but j^uch a. Form cunnctt be rogai-ded 
H6 bel^iiig'iti^ to X\n* givLmmu' iff tbe vemucular^ R^hi^d^ 
thiuu^L 8|iitplM'fl work »ftvT I liad coucluii^ my own, I lii^ 
covere*i tnanj pniaw of dilFeretice, nod vus careful to discuM 
each one of thttm with Ofttivefi beforo puMic^kiiiiE mv viowa. Aa 
I undeistAOd, Spittn'o Sjrrarhja'j'i was cood^Jcted during five 
ytar» milj, and I huva &1waya tliougbt tbut h& must, have 
tDLMJIIiL'd eocis of hi£ conoiuaioms had hifl vAluabU lif« be^n 
Bpaied. 

The leviewer coateade that m^ ae^ertioii tbnt ttJmosl all 
ILOUUH eaiiiEii; in -fr/a U]:(ke iJifJr pliiral iit -d/ CAti hHniU' be 
ftocepteil iu vitv of th^ Dum<^rouB cxoeptiooa, and iii^tjLQe^a 
rau'addivn. &JxbiyiL, and qnJl^'a. a« not admittioj^ of a plimd in 
<&b, 1 do not thipk tb« ex^ptiuu^ &n? numerous. Of the 
thr«o wordK m^^ntion^l i^^rt^yri miikcs both qa*kusi anil qndAyA, 
uvi'iiddiyu, mx'tiddiv^t uiore fr^jquuBtly tbun aiu'.lrli, and eurbtyit 
ia thi' onJ: [iluruL of frLrbiy& ^iv^m in Spiro'0 vooibuE&ty. 

The wiin-*] uma quottU by the ri^viewei' on p. +34 of The 
Joiirnul hbjiLjld ht^ wi-iUc^n Ammn, and the pbraAee iimmn nqul 
Uk dovs not ei^ify do not J teti t/ottf but Ifft rrte f*U you^ or, 
liki? livmma aqui lik, {teait) tifl I UH ijou. 

It is nlAt^d in § 3i11>, RMruAjkif,, UllL riLkhar jdwrtya ugrt^eH 
vith the «uhj#ct of lb<^ n^nt^uCf^H A;ii, Tin? i'*»v;"^wer hn*. ininundar- 
aiood my m«iniQg 'wbii^h i» that rfikhiLr ngruoA iu geiicioi nnd 
uumhut nibb the »ubJMt of th«^ aentencH, ciJthoLigL it m&y 
cift^n he T,rftnsliit*?d by thn n<lrerb hImi. I did not mnin tn 
ci:tnv«y rhnt it could not »imilnrly agree with th« obj^at of 4 
Terb- Tho vurJing bks now bu«n iiLt«r«tj ao nr4 tc prevent 

miACOtJCFiplioiL. 

I Havb no doiitit lihjit, the ub« of be/io, with n-nd without l-he 
luEHxea Buggftt.1^ by the reviewer, is thi^ currect one, n.nA that 
iHiyinnu (foi- 4o it ^LouM bf writteti) .'^nds for b^'j^in iuiiu, but 
J think tliere cun b^ no objvttiizto to aayiiig thot it [« itsad 
iidvnrhially in snrh phra^^H aa ma 'j4ndn.k«h^ bi^ytn, ^ayln bnkra 
b^yir, whero it U pmetioally eqnivnJent to baq* ^eae ^ 560). 

The reviewer in liis coiiclndiDg remarks nak* to be ]iifi>rm<?d 
cf the TOiH'ce whence (-be r^Lmples and tbt* e^prcis'^s li*vo 
boau <1i?iriveil. Thfl grsal nuijoricy of th? aiampl^a n> wull jii 
of thv phnvatjt) which fnrm f.lii> oxerci^ae are oxp'i.'Si-ioria which 
ar* liWfcH '*v*ry d^iy, and it wotd<l doarl.v be LupuBflibli' to 
imliiMt^ thw iiiiLLvidunl^ who fuivt* aX dlflMn^jt. time* ^ivmi 
vtTiArarttP t^ thtiiir, or the plof^^e vvher« they have beeti btfatil, 
lii^LttftV «xampl«s coiYsi>^ rilmoht tntir^y of phruB^e^ t^Ltrai'ted 
from the atoriee ptibli/^liwl jit, the «bd <A hid Grammiu. Illy 



xu 



PREFACE TO THK 8B(XJ>"D EDITION 



eiamplcs ate derived primarll.v from fifteen je^m' iatifrcouiee 
with tljB lutUvw, acitl flftrtonj^triij from ilotumenu writusn id the 
v«ntucular, Wberuver tbere oould be aoy doubt a£ to tht 
usagv of b piirticEilur word or pbraae I ho^ve submittod the fioitit 
to u luibjve or Ui uutivea. Tbe fltoriea are t^leclion^ frum u 
mimher obfAiEted from nation ^uurcM^ and the reviewer raiLj' 
feel Msaui'^d tlijit ** ^uJticiptit [irecautioca were taJceti to ousiire 
ib&hr buin^ drlivi^r-i'd lu & vrhiAly nQtuiixl stjle." The repelitton 
of ya'[i7 uf wLiL-L Le oirJupl^iJiia if. one oF thv i^hiirmiierintics ot 
thp ^pnrM'h of the Ush e^iuimted (r*/. g 590) but the bigb«r clAHA^fr 
mIeo moko froqiieiit aso of it.^ 

I tim tDost ^'ateFol to tbo revie^ur for hiLring poinlcid out 
sM^eni] i-rrors aTid luibpriDl^ which bftd eaeaped my iiotiue.* 
He siiggtiKU vnrioiis iJteratioi»« in ibn wortling of the syntex. 
In Bomo ti*8fs 1 have adopted hit, sng^*)Stion3 -. in otbetv i have 
uiifcdu uo cbarjgfl. either bi^in;; imnble to agree nitb bioj or 
fettling dint tibe chungfi prcip«>w<l would iinumiHSwarily puKtle the 
Average atadent. 1. regret ihkt I bnve not had time to enlArgo 
thi* mdex. 

CompuTiktiTe pbiLology la a Acieoce unknown in E^ypt. 
There Lb do school oi' iiniveraity lior? where the Semhit 
Ianguaj/e£ uud the Atubit; dlolecte Ate fitudi^. Tkie ^e^ta of 
BUcb loarning uie to be fijuad in Europe and Amorioa, not in 
Lhu I'ouiiiriea which tiit* Lbtj birtttplocfn uf tiiias^ IbUg^uagetK ttod 
wh4>re the best- oppurtiinitief) einBt for tbetr slu'ly. The only 
laugUH^e which nwako^: sny interest U %\iv aUi^t^i^o-i ljingu)i|^ oS 
Ai'sbia ; the root is left to fcfl'eiijn&n* wboflv laboure nrv tax- 
knuwE) to, rmd UDreco^Di^ed 1^, nny but l^uropcuu ficbolura.' 
It ib not eurprialng, tbarefore, that no n^vinw of the pi'edpdt 
Uramiuftr h&a appeared in Egypt — ut ioHHt from a iJtLtive pen 
But & tbouiund and one columns have been pubtiAhoii by ft 

^ A:« r.hny (b IQ TurkUh iuto wblrh hin^ingn the word biu 
bepu importud. 

' Snink' of the oorrecTioti6 of spoljin^ whiiib iip propoeoa I 
AOL nonblf bo lurc^pt^ nn tjiiffiw) for qikiAd* thv Utter beinif the 
only fotiu in UBo I think h« in right in Idn ub»orv«1ionA an 
the proMLuointiort of the rf in air nud th^ « in riwAyu (Hea 
AppL'DduE to tbf pivaeiit >*diti(»Ti), buF the ■ of ITh ih bi^youd oU 
d^ubt thv mini- iia thnl uf ti'l, hi't, ifciv iliddnn in otkly u^nd 

^ H<i>v inAbv Kf^ypCijuiA hiive b«Ard of the gi-eiit work wi 
jx>jit<]LiriA)oal Arubic Xa whinli Dcuy d^votod hie lif»V I bttva 
iKit iiH<t t>nv who had. 



PRBFAOE TO THE SECOND EDITION 



nil 



lion thni for a(-cu!*t' piirpoift* there should b* <iTie liinjjnf*m* foi' 
0pB&ch and litpn^tnre. iLixii (.but the vQi'Tmculc^, Tho cLnuge 
fat>posed sefm* to me eo deointbU' oml uMeasftT'v uhI^-m thn 
heriel^t^ nt wluti^litm ate to be fur wer I'lri^UiieJ Ui the j>r]ViLe^e(l 
twelrft p^r i'tmt., lliiit I aiJi Ht h. Jnfift tofttvmiiil for the opfKisitiau 
of the presB^ It nouid h^ intort^tiEi^ to know btjw far tbo 
opiuioD uF t^he countr>' iis i^]i|jre»sed iJi iUe arbJdeA wlijoli iiave 
jippi'jLrfvl in iJie nriiA'^pii|>«r!4. SeVftml nutivis ^■^ntltiinHii of bi^h 
standing buv« ji.A«4iLted mu th^t itt^y de^ir^ Lb^ cbnt^j^'e Oae 
jTOes so For it& to nay that clU thinkiD^ umn jit« in CuTOur of it ; 
HUOtbur i.'o[]«Ldr*ri( t.bat bbe project ni^ul^l find more piLrtiaua^ jf 
it bfld not bopii siArtwl bv ftirpipners; tbe idna ha*; bweii hptn^I 
tUDe»i Advabt^l ^tid advtx^tt'd by nativi? wrir^r^ in the Mnqftif^ 
Aincc tbe year 18&]>' It t^ 1 tbLnki for tbo lower dar^cie mthcr 
Uuiu ths bjgbeir tu expr&u lui opiiJon, u,& tliev utv llm mtt^i^isLcd 
purly. It i& not for h fiainll mimbtr tif jiprsjrs who Eilrf>iii|y 
Doeaaui u mdana of oomnitinicAaiig Uieir thou^bte m wrjbic^ to 
aecide i.hiit tho ri-st of the populatioti ahaU Lilto do tnoiuifl of 
90 doli]^, A»s for SA I biLTs bei^u ^blo Ut leura from tLi^ev uluhbea 
they would gUdly rend nW kind^ of lit^rAture, «Ten n^wKp-tjiera, 
if only th^y ^ete not written in a dialect which ie nifom^ir*- 
hen&ibFe to tbem, and which coold only become comprtbeu^iblo 
to Cbem if they guve up tbeir piiniuite And »pent oiBJiy ye&rs of 
jhLtioEtl ^tudy 9kt Achool, It ij worthy of acta that tfav fJimdrit 
Manyait, which was written in tbo vi.^raaoular, hud^ up 1o (be 
time of its 6iippr«as]on, a much widej- cimiklfition tlian [my other 
uawep&p^r ir the umintii-y It niiiM bt* miif^'AKed , however, that 
its nopuUrity wot* purlly du«; to it^ arkti-Em\>p<»Ej polit^y. 

Tbo fnUowiDg are the prineip&l Argumeote uddui^ud \n Lbs 

1irt*«b ogLfciiist the nee of the Tf^rnihtjolur ah tbu lan|fUEi|;e cF 
iterati^rn. FiTfitly, tJipn* is the rHligioua qiiPHtion. The ver- 
nriC^lar, it is ooiitendedn diffurh wideh from tbo language of the 
Korun, t.ud tha rtdi^iot of l-ilam would Buffer if thn prtisfot 
literury l^i^^in^e, wbkh ip prv:tun|ly idoutical with thjtl id 
whj[^b the Koran is wriueii. were ^uiiprt^^Hiv) by the vernu^iihtr. 
U if not my wi>ib Rt preneut to di>4'uaa thit 'lueetion at Ipofth, 
Wld it will be ^uHtHeni to enll to miiid> fii-^tiy, tlutt tb? literiLry 
JoiigUii^if of tbp day, ft[lbougb its giummA^' h. noiuitully at 
|«n«t, that or th** Korau, dJtfev^ v^ry cotir^ider.ibly from tba 
clitmicol ^th ID iU ^oifahitliLry and its phrai^eulLj^y ; seoondly. 



1 Stii* ill piu-ticuljir au »rUcle whiub appeiired in J»nujuj 



u-v 



PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION 



tliBl the religion of lelitm is jirGfoBRed in Turkey. Pt^isitt^ India, 
Obinn, anA a greikt luaD)^ oth^- coimtrieE wlicro Ambiu i>^ ueiNhtfi^ 
Bpok«D nor written ; and, thii lUj^ tbat it muHt be more iu thtt 
inU^rtist of religions ediicatic>D, &» af &11 other edtLcation, thiLt 
the wholi) of the population should h^ nhle to read niid irriba 
aome forro of Araliia thAn that a ievf poraona only rthould bjtvo 
tliat privilege. Bat ^a this question in reality j^ roJigii^uaone! 
MiiHt 1ij(L^tv>rn nfttioiih ciipplir thi^ir eiit^^it^s by tiHvini^ two 
diatini^t Is-ngunges, end for writing and t,h^ other for eon- 
versiition. 

Much »tre?ia ia laid on the n-dvaJitfige of liBnn^ oi]& written 
lungungH for the whole of the At'ith wui Id. Otm writei^ a.9k& an 
to considtT how inf^onvenient it ivouUl h& if nn Epji'tinTi (mt^itn' 
ing of coiirjk'- an tyUtaVKul Egjptiinii) hftd to eim-ca for aji inter- 
prelei to ejqiTniii tb« ujcftDiu^ of a lotter received from a friend in 
^yrin. He forgetfi tli&t ils thin;;^ ikre nt prr^Ht^nt thvi vury ^raot 
raajoiHty of per^oce s&^rc^h For, itrni ar^ ut tbi' mei-i^y of, not olkt> 
Wt two inberp]-el6rs, &v&a whi^n both the ffiitfr ftod his friend 
iirt living in L'niro. There uanuot jioiwibW b* nuj iutimiit^ 
porreKpondenc^ ;tt fill iindi^r thesi* (^ircximstariGSS. Moreover, 
tb^^ro iSf under tbs pr^it^ent system, wry much in iv letter froto 
Alpi^r?, Tiini»» und otiii.^r pui-tr?— not to tipeek of the differenoi? 
in the furuiiLtijo \rt thn churaiiterB, often neceefiitAtiug complete 
Irflnftlit^raiinn -- which would hft utiintelligiWe even to un 
ftduaatcd K;;ypti&n, 

Botiie iiuvo AE-gued thnt the educated should ;pnduiLUy ac- 
eustmn tbeint*eivi-ii to Mpeak th^ wiitLeti UngiiiLge uud JndoOrt 
tho foassiw to follow th^ir t^xample. Unf« uritt*!- suys be h&s 
already mndv n beginning with a number of friends, but t^on- 
fiiH»en thrtt Ihey bivve bo foil buck on blie v<?rriiicubir iu Uietr 
lighipr ithhhIs: another mj^^e^rIs Umt a siju-t ahtwdd be fnmle by 
dropping the h before the pr^ent tense of Tihe verb, t^tiurinf 
thi* fact thnt thiit ^>4rtu-lD, whatever itii origin ntyinolQiciCAlIy, 
i^ one of tbuae which vruibtile tlis rn^T^nker to expri*bfh bi« [■1«imm 
wit.h tb^ grefti.pr pro^i^ion required in thwe moiprn djiyi*. This 
purti^^Te is cprtJiiiiSy n vefy ancient one, for it hnn bin-n found ^ Ld 
ft mAnuivript of the cleT<*nth century, and he would indeed bo * 
iKici:e»Aful man who ci^nld abuliMb it by citigmiiti^ixig it in a iiawih 
pAp«r BrtifU. I.anf^ungua i^hHngo nooordiii^ I'l thi< rivpj iremAnta 
of the a^e. &nd tho uttuiuptt of purint4 to impi^vi* them are, rw 
H&X Miiller ?«y*. perftrUy UvilleM. 

Anotht-r t'orrrfipunJetit oflkn whioh of the diultM^tA of G^ypi 

^ By TrofMADT Mbrj^lioiilb, 



PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION 



IT 



b lo W cl^OBdii for tbd Literfti-^v l-tnguiLgd ; and nJd^ Umt, " whic^h- 
cwr IS ohoEioQ^ btiaCiQVcimiDQDt will have tocompo&S a di'itionU'V 
of it4 wopI:^ jLpd form ruled of ^ratum/ir tor it, but iinfoi'Cuiidtely 
nil Anih Cnjvei'n merit W[>iilil iln thi^ : sini.!, moipovtr, n^ m> vul^fwr 
cimleol ftvei- lastfi moi'o tbiin it htuniro*! jeiire, it the end of thut 
tirijo II n«w dictionarj would have to ba wiaUon and a new spI 
uf gmtuiDAbica] rule6 drava up," NaturallyT moat of the lit^-nk' 
turu, uric) certainly ofQmal docmn^rtts, would b« compost in the 
dinlect. of tbe tMLpitftl. But the di1E(^reac*a 1:>etweeii it and other 
K^j)>tiKkii diaJpota coiif.iRU mainlj in pronunciution, uid vrould 
pracliuullv ili^y^^dr ia wriCiiii^. It has betiu said by AG a,ccu- 
ntf ob^^t-vi^r ' that, if v^ &xcUid& tibd B{>doiiiit n^b«!i^ thif whole 
ptjptiUtiou of K^ypt speiika A 4iu|^]e diul^ct, tlie vnri^liei^ >>f 
whit'h :irti tioh ^rt^tur tban th^i^i? wiicb dmin^Liah the TuH«kii 
of PJurtiice from th« Tuboid of Sierra, or thu Vfnelian i»f Venici* 
finm Lb(t YenvtiiLn nf B«1lu.nr>: nnd evuii if tboy ditToied aa 
mucb, fill iustiiEice, AS Venetiati doefifrom ^tdliiiTx, wh^ hhciulda't 
UErn'fipii^ard nnd otTier literature ba published in tliem, n^ thov 
iirfl in tliD voritJUB di1l■^L'ts oF GfriLtaiLj, Italy, niiil ^wii^ailiiiidt 
It is true that diulaot*! which are only spakec bcpome mui^b 
chf^Iiffcd After n hip.^e of timti, but tb& <;hjkii^'fr id tfory ^iLibut] 
whvu tlif-y ^vc 4t iUt} SiMnt' tlmt* wiitten ; and. mur^ver^ how 
c»Ti lnn;^in^« do nthsrwisR thwxi change nsthe wnrM progresses! 
Fi'ora th^ mitnf^ of thiUf^r* iVf oarioot coDtiau« to uU et^ruiiy fA 
m^iTUsSj* oiir^^lvi^s ill the same W4v th^t oar rLDi^erilori^ did; Lhun^ 
VQiidd bv air hmiltb la us if we Lfnild, Cninpnr« Cb^ c^rrdltinji 
of tbfi (^iiiTflnt littrury Arabic itself. Would it lie inielligihl© 
with itfl Qow woi-ds ifcO'l now meanings of old wordn and its 
Frerich idiomn to the writera of a thouMind or even of two 
huii'lred yearn ago^ Thu 1700 <juai to pagHrt of DoLy^i Sbjfpli' 
mtmt, dovoTfld iifmost ertirely to the llferflt-y languftg^ of post- 
?iIue«<ieAl dfky^, icioompleto jl£ it ie, U suflicieQi t^utimouy that it 
wr»uld aoti bo iDtt^Migible to tb^m^ As to the rules of ^nhmcint, 
bhwii^ iiT»i not Quid^ by govi^iumects but by tbe mhtuuin thpui^ 
(i«lve». arid tbey «xist for >ip*:Jc«u Ijutguagaa an vttU ilh for 

WTitt«lL 

It hftA b'^erj eorloitAly a^a^ited^ hot uot, I tliink, by a mitivv 
writitr, thiLt the storie* *>f 'AtiUlf are und«r»tooil iu their original 
X9Xl^ by all Horrt niid oonditiofif of men. Lane, in hU chapter 
OQ public rBOilutioiitt, auys that nd the poetry in the romoEcv of 
'Aobti' IB v«ry imporf«ctly oDdcifltood by the vulgar, thoae who 

' Frijf^^oi- <*[irlo Alfonso Nallino in hifl ovoelleTit maniiftl. 



%y/i 



PREFACE TO THE 8E00ND EDITION 



li^teti to it lire luo^j perauiiB of boiqe^ qdututlotL A wi'lti=ir iii 
fliti Mvqtnia^f^ lAys: '* Th» masses do not unilemljinH "Antii^ 
UK ibey would have to understftcd eduoatioral books, If 
yuu ankcd them the meaning of *acb vord or encii phiBflt- 
M^iuiutel}' ^ou wouM liuJ tliut whnl, thf-y Qiidir^Lrintl Ooes wni 
reprment more tbo-n the ^hiidow of the re&L nieaniu^,'' In 
renlitv 'Anlftr is very ini|jerfe<:ily urderatood even by pftreotjs 
of education ; but the gi^t of the e;boi [e:^ iiaa been uimle fnuiUibr 
to all from iiitt-rpr-HtiilJuikH, tiometiuies given b^' thi? rpi^rf^r binw 
ftelf. There is do iieod to diacuj^s thene facts; tbyytre known tn 
everj fcgjptmn^ and hiive he ex; admitted tomr by nil vhom I hiiv*^ 
queetioned. odiioited and one^lwciLtied. But even if the geiiej'al 
drift of a r^citadon in the litfimry language witrc^ itjielltg;ib1e to 
thd kv^r classes without tnterpretatioOj tbuea cliLA^eE rvotifd 
obill have Ui ^o thmugh mani|^eai£ of toil bcfoie they COidd 
learu to write that language coireotly. Otherwise. Iiow is it 
thnt we lui^at evf'ry dny in doc^nrnent* WT'irten by rjtuilified olerkt 
Huch expra^fiiobg aft^ it ia. hal lam aL^dali dAiubab £ 1 learn 
from a highly educated mLtive gentJeman thnt hi siibuutd hiA 
Literaiy works to a profeRMuiuil ^raajniariAn before ventiiriji^ Ur 
ptihliAh thetn. 

Another writer aj^aeti that in Ea^lifib nUo wo havo twc 
vepurate lacgungea For convei^ation and Iiteratur?) since w« 
write, for instance, d*ivht and tlwujh, am) prcneitnc^ tStmi. anrJ 
ihfi, CertJkinly th*" study of Engliflh would from one point nf 
view be fru-ilituted if it wore writteo phoni;tical]y ; but it ie rot 
necvsjory iitr point out tbitt tbia hu uothin^ to do with xht 
qiienion iind«r (TurinidHraTioii. 

"What iH to become of our anrenior* I" aske another L^ontn- 
butot. What becomes of them nuw? Huw uiuny of Oie bent 
vducat^l el tlie pr>.-a«i]t *lHy do or ^Mn rt^d lih» old cUhbicf*? I 
thirik ifp 14 ii4> eiHggHritirm to ^ly thut muny of tiiefji Hfe Itettw 
known in Europe thim they utu iti Kg^'^^t, jqj^t hh the Uro«ik 
daaaies ate moro aficurat^y etmlieJ in foreign univerbitios tLui 
tht'y are at Atbi^ne, 

1 content niy«(?H with iinggeating ihe above Teplie* to tfc*) 
argiimviita ndviLoot^J iLgiunst tljo uuivertaJ Euloption of tii^ 

Sceplu'rt l&tiguji|fci, And look Un a ^n'luitl change in the rii;bt 
iri^L'Uob. Ituleed, ! ivtA viMitvlaw^. dhitt Auth a chnnge Lad 
a[r»dy bvgiin. but it nemU tv b* ancourH|[ud by Utr itiflnpntW 



1 Another writ«T in thf» nAin-* '^""■ 
ODiiBidor? thikt thi? wntW'u Ambi 
gunge bri Knglidb difffn from Fr«tt< ", «- 



~i ^m the y<*r 18fil) 
i i^ni-h from t^tin. 



PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION ivii 



and patriotiic amoog the native population. Formerly the state- 
menbs of priaoners and the depoeitiona of witnesseH were invari- 
ably translated, afl they wei'e taken down, into the literary 
laiiguage. It in obvious that under tb^ae circiunatAncea the 
judges, who had ooly the papers before them, were left very 
much in the dark as to what had been actually said ; but in the 
last few years there have been found clerks bold enough to take 
down the declarations at least partially in the speaker^e own 
words. 

Some English students, as I understand, would like the 
Arabic words throughout the Grammar to be writti'1] in the 
Arabic as ^vell as in the Koman character. But it must be 
remembered that the object of the book is to teach the spoken 
and not the written language, and that therefore it must be 
sufficient to e^tactty represent the pronunciation of the words, 
which can easily be done in the Roman character, but only 
imperfectly in the Arabic- The Arabic type would treble the 
cost of the book without, as it appears to me, any advantage 
being gained. The Arabic names of the letters have not been 
changed, so that the student can himself transliterate thewoiils 
us far as is practicable. 

J. S, W. 



PREFACE 

TO TliE FIBST EDITION 



A ifLEATiSB Oil tbti Ai&Uii: luu^uj4^ uA iqxikeu in E^pt, and 
pftrticuliu Ij ikt ibe ('jiihuJ, Wftf* puUifnhei] by Wilhelm Kpitth 
in the yeitr 1@S0 under the tiU<J of (^jfinzTidfiAr i/» Arati^chen 
VtdifdrdiaSrrh^ run ^i/^ptea^ To tbo dcboUrebi]' ADd oi^roful 

pnrhfipft, on 1 7 serious atUiaipt U»skpU'hthedifitiii|;uir*}iiiit^ feji-turcs 
oE tile liter^Lry uud v^i'uricular djalei;1.a. In tlid ^'biuuijinf lAi 
*'vtij|pu-" AiuViLi whkh alroadj tfriAti>d, as in othora rthirii 
luivp siocu Bjii^'in-'J* wtt find a (ivinfusJciii b&lwijBii t*^»/ nihikeii 
diflleou, surb us 3*^3|iti(ui and Syrmti. or rt hop^lus^ uiuiur^ 
ul foriDB ftud K'tpre^sioELS utud only in ixiDvvu^tioij witlj Uihm^ 
irbich &re peculiftv to tbe vrittuu Wj^iiuge, lii turm*- -if tb^oe 
gmiuiotu'i^ tibiT Aiubic woidji luo wiibUiji io It^rajar> i ti.ti ikUUirFt 
WLtliovJt any riLLatuml ; in otberti tht- Arabic IfUi^rc hh? L-LnpluViMl- 
lu thu h^tU<r ucUiO tbe sbort ^owelh ju^o omiClC'd ;Jti:^'lber ; a 
ifiriicle char&i'L«r (r^r) {« uAi^d fur <f, 4^. and ou, anothL^r (^} f^^r t, 
^, Hiid a*/, :i.uil A d'ltilili- roithuitUklil if jirinW v^iiigl^; tvj tiuD it 
U ini|>:iv-ih]« \a H-lmnsi «v«i^y cavu Ui piofi'^iirme con-^tly u wonj 
viUk wbivlt we aii< ii^kt nlrtiodi otully iioquaiut^.' Si^ue for aucb 
ahnrt vow^U a« uocui^ in tbn litiirikr^ lim^iLge. in Un' form vt 
iKiz*i»ti« nhuVi^ a-iiil LjuIow llitt rkiiii-Hi tnunt^. oje t^mplayw] In <-{i|iie4 
of IIm Kurun and uooiu^ouuUy in otLer buoJc»H i^ *l ^iildu ttj 
pr<jnunf:iuti[>u i bat uov ontui Mould iiavo to bo ini>utL«d Ui 
CEjLprt^Ao buutidK pauiiluir to tin? spuktij Ijkugur^-e if. iu lulu^jtiu^ 
fihw Arftbjf rbu'actPTj wh " pi^iiiLud " X\fv word*. To do -"i «itb 
vny »|if>rat<?}i to i'uid|iI*^t;isub'U. ^v** sUuuld buvt> to t'Uijrii^iv 11 Ayit^Tu 
^ Vuvrtf^poiritrii lUid JK'i;riitfl ukiii to UtJLt Ut iirs-^ fur LJebrffw ; 



^ ThiJii lioDb kut«l; /«« ttTfit^u liud kutib >f fi^o^ mr/iit'nt >irv re- 
prAgiATit4^ by th& l(<1tor5 ^7/' ; inaUk fifi jmtite'ue^^ TnulJk it/nf, ;iiid 
nkilb jir-'pertij, by r^V^, mul Iho letttirA mu>f wUl bo reud lu^oonUOie 
to tb» contort mnwt ov m^'t '{rath, maiivit A« ihlioi/, or u^Auwitt / 



tfi 



%x 



PRJil'AL'li 



but iiu Ai'bbk type would admit of tbb, Nfttivee woliI^h no 
doubt, Inarn Ui rBn^i in th« Ankbii? chiLfM'tHr wlUiout vowd- 
poLnt?; tb^ language whiHt they epeuk,DatbByiiru alrtiady fiLmUur 
ivitb fpb(^ voraB; but the lonifuhf^e of the boclof iei nutQiully in 
the ktiqtiiie of Ibe li?LLra«iI. veUo tstlll repird wibb nj^ii^b j^ou^y 
tbfl infrrorbiotion of "v^il^r" prammatioftl formt or evun df 
^vord>^ nhu'h do oot figirre tn tli? QdmQa, Hencf* Um piupurtion 
of poopio fpho ore Lblti to rc^d ibnd wnt(^ in Atniliic-spriLking 
cnimtrioa h ^xcv^diii^h smuW ; fw l]ii> wcirkiii^-uinii. biLting no 
titno W) Rtmly it Htrntig** idiom, ftiiJ [lOtliiTifj to guiti bj Innrumg 
the iett<^rs, remniris^ and will ovt*r reniJiin untlor thtf pr^^'-nt 
ayattm, ilHUTntv. Ni> doubt thor*s ia jl otrtain bf?iK'Gt in tiimnf; 
A Cinijmon wnttfljn InnKiif^ge for th(* wlulfi of libi? Amli vptirtd* *o 
that K miiri of oduL^ntion brimght up in Algeria, chq teaA n, book 
puMhhf^d in Kgypt or Syria; but it if. & bem^lit ^tijoyei :i.L tba 
ftspenae \»f tbi? lo^rer dasaefi, 

Tbi^ fi)reign(;r who setiks n pr^ciJofL] knowieJ^e of tlie liuigungs 
IH ut niiiiThcydiwjdvnnlAj^e. Wh'^thpr Kb pn^ii^R b profr'^srir or 
-atudy from the books, he cenTf^lIy ncyjnirea u vocabiilirv of 
wronJn nTilv understood by th^ iJuisit'^d, utid i& tbp Iftltpw C^de 
[iB ib i-niifninf^d niLb thti difficulties rGdulilLifz; frora tbe ab*?]ioa 
of tb*" vciwHii. 

Thr" dinla<*t r*F Oniirf praaoota many forms of very high 
KQtiqtiity, ItA pi'M-trie pli^oo in lln^ Somitik: fumily could be 
mort* oiirtiJy dpteriaiutHi if tJi« iuduou<;i.' wbicli th« QiimiHlj 
diiJi-H-t bus LiLd u]H>u it could bf ri^mcived- Tlit^ra i^ptri \m no 
iliTibt thut it is iiiort^ olosoty cUbH. in atmcUir^ at LAAUt, to 
th« Uobiwt* uueI Arufnnii< braoobcft of tbo fftioiiy thiiri in bb» 
IjL^j^ihgc^ of t}ii4 Koran nttil AuUsequ^nt Arabic litcrjiktuir'' Hebrew 
lUid Syriiw. for iiuituiK^i*, Imve, like C[Lirrni* &nd otiirtr epokim 
di«l^ta, no lihixJ viiwi^l in fii4» 3r-l penM^n uingiil^r uf tba vorb, 
rifULkiiij; k^fab Aud ktnti ri-cpni.-uvf^W (lit, Aiub. kzbiuba^) in 
ih^ }ML.'«t \jy!tti&, utM' ill miy \»*f»im of tbe ai^riNti pxrtfpt in th9 
Itnl pi^Btio plurri!. Thti vowbI of th*< jcftf.inc;ttivM xviUblo in 
in Hebrew j, in Myriad ^, but a in tii" primitive form of th» 
littTLvry Arfcbiu vi.»rb. The 'iurU U wautJiig in tb<- v^rb nitd 
prouuun/'' mid tbr? m^uiifi hnvo no i^u^^ndiugH. In Itflbr^iw w« 
m«y iicttH Ui» folLitri:!^ furthtM- |yiiTita of rflUTnliliLtice : k hnM 
DO ooiuMDuitA] p(iw«r at the tiud of words* tbotigh it m^y Utk^ 

Litoiurf Atubic di\i[Ni tbo fiuid sbu) t, vowaJa ia lbs JumIw 

J It i* wholly ja1>A«ut in Syrlw, adJ appear* only m A f«» 

ii> ill Hrbrtjw. 



I 
I 

I 



PREPdCE 



XXI 



Uio ]j\nrv of ail nwuub, r.lius nmlk&f/dr^i. lc. Chu:^ »> Ii«ixieiieio 
rf nnn an o in oeiptairi rnjjpa, as Iw^th //^tuw (lit. Amh. tw^yt), lA if; 
■h full voWi^l diiinppecLra uiKf^r cii^^Littista&apH Riiniltir to tl)i>qn 
d<-acr?tHMl in § 'SA of the prammAr, a.'i melok, malka, gflvfti 
Aon^Aifir^/. HgvUl;^ ij in this f*^']_v strk^L^ of tlt« liLnr>M{;r> ntitiiilA 
for qtif^n hi inch wnrrls tm 'flrbiiylm (Inter, Imt ntpelj, Mrhlti'im) 
AraU, or l\nf i\?L('jt fulls out, ns rfim few rr^'iu (cf. r,!^, ftcn) ; th« 
TOiitfl of tki>' Llrat fivlUbJr tit r<*rtAirk ctL9*^» is thri~rwn out And 
pn^iUi^l til rhf fii'flft i-ftdifHl. ji» iu f«m* (tia' zi-nV) rtrr/^, njilfti' 
rirtyw (I'f. jimnimMi", S l*^j I ^h* * ^^^^ V-souiids frixjuvntly roplajn 
ihc a, iM in The veii'S (irtove*). or ftS in Thk'lok, r-hivi'' (lit. Arab. 
DJAlik, nhrvi)H TO (but aUo t:l) iiW.. tli(*ri> are tri-w*?* **f l»oth 
itfn'H-l iiu<l irTn'^ul ; tlui letW tlh of tbt* lit^nu-y Arahui ih 
uflkiiowii. li"i»j^ r*nilni.'**il l"y ?;* vsti-nd is softeui^l to li bi^foro 
b iivbiuL atA l"]*Fop>> it t^msnTiiLnt ui<»v(m| otjIv by il shs^va i tho 

C^uuii iif iLi* 1st jFi'rsoti ia hetnoiiL (lit. Anib. bumfi* C&ir. 
iLitj:^), r^bn iii6>-r'i'<}^!i[<iv'e nit (lit. Ai'ab. uad, Uuir,tii1n); atiT 
i« A^rnetiim^a iisod for tbfl Ut pw^on, aa in Oftirone ; tho Jrd 
fionon ha cfti^n accomp^ui^s tho nouD pleotLoctio&lly (of. j^ 375 
*if gnimnuiw'), h& ha iih hu fJio rnan fie.^ 

In SjruM3 till* Yijrb >;yHtera offt*r9 nom^ very vtrilcinp point* 
•f fwximblivniw to Egjptiaiv in ftdJitioc tu tho^ lUretdy moa- 
Uoiivti. TUo psaaiv© of tho aimplo verb iocs not exist/ though 
Wc Imve ututt'W of til'? form p'ol (ll'i^)» with ourieapoiLiling 
fcCtiveK of T-he form p'al (Fa'alJ, tbi* vowel of tho 3n'i m*!i4^iLl of 
Ibtf a<^tut bving gi'iLt^mllv ^ in th? first rasa, f? in tbo second (sae 
!i 14J (3) ifi thit ^JLmiuur); in p^iLc^ of it vro Ij^tl' thL^ J^z-rived 
ivtux etfi|i*ul ' ("itfn'ul, unknown vv^a iLa tnfa'al tii liturArv 
Anbici: Ui the Srun derivBd form wfl hare both pa**Ml (iiui 
P»"bJ (-f*"al, fft"ii). with etL>pQ.*'iLl (itfa^'al, lit. tafa^'nl) for 

* Syr'iiui ^'iiU^' hit" laugfiter. 

* rto alsn in Kthioplc- 
^ AriiTnnic hud. 

< GcnoruUy ^ in OuTene, but c in Nnhwy. Iti ArKi&ato wo 
hftrr- tAliiiM, a^ PH-jmotimed in Ciiu'oua Tho faot tLul evuu th« 
nljcatLHl kiAve ^reat d:fli(adty tn prououucing r/A, nrtd thut qll 
cLmbc-s can pronouoc* p (tbe HcLikw wjuivaiont of v) ifl verj 
■i|^ui£cant* 

* Suoh »ipj'p«uoii8, unknown to llttfEiiry Arabjo, tir^ ooEo- 
noner In AnLTuaio evitn th&n in Hi^hr^w. 

* It is h^'flly trocoable oither in Ui^Lirew, 

' Eobr. bit^pAb«l «^ itffr"ftl, & form luww u to Utoiur^- Anibio 
only in ittf later sto^e. 



3C&11 



PREFACE 



ilH pasaivei Furth«j, w« bavB tb<} forms par'uU p^^vl, pa'lul 
(given AS qiiadriliteiAla in the gT^mmAT), The t^rmiDAtion ant 
U pofieiblj not a moijorn forio, but tbo «jiiivuli>ct of ttie aroh&ii^ 
BjTiAc un. Lnfatly, bbs Hebrew and Syt^iJK Aynb^x ufforila 
itrong evidei^ce of their clone afGuiti to Ciiireiie aud other 
living dialacti- On the Qtbei' hitnd^ tht^re u a. very importoint 
puiiit whicb litiM^urj Ambic baa tn comuon witb the apgkeo 
iii4lo<td, nnmely, tbe ude of brokon plarala^ a form nbiob fieetaa 
to be (irnfen'ed in Cairens AtbLilt t-j the " [K?ifwt" pluml in di 
(Hebv'-w 6fJiy, ' and fni-thi^r, tbe iir^a of tho dual, wen in nuiULS, 
ia biLrdly U-itown bo tho otbttr bmiu^bee of vbe ^ainitiu fiimilj- 

It ropulu, Croni tbe abgvd ooi*6id©n4tioua» th&t th« ao-LftUed 
Arabu^ t1ijiU<<its t^f th" preisent day present n 'combination of tlid 
peuulicirities of s^vproJ branches of the Semitic fjimilT, Tbi? 
doTBlo|)niL»[it whicb eotoe of thorn JbpliLY in ^f^kmaioii with 
ricbrsn in (jvidcnie irf th^ir grwcit uritiiiuity, wbils thv ftttrt 
thikL in most entit-s the stranger fonni) tiave l>4>en n^LiLin ed by 
tbo Rortti^b diajuct indtL-Jita thJit tbid Utter foparnted at n uom- 
pariktiA''-lv lato iiuriod from tbe coinuioa puroiit' Ailowntioo 
muaL, of cuuTHi, be ujudi? W ih« ciiiTiuasttiuij? of ilA growth 
iuk^'ing be^Ei :Ln'E'aied w^lv<n it became tbA sa<ired lari|^a^a of 
Islam, bxittbti thjnniug of the vovrble and other Higna of adrunce 
Liid begun^ as we huve seen, in obuost prebiaLonc times in 
otbui' br&uchea of the family.^ 

In tho follfjwing pitgf's tho evprjiliLV !ip*a«*h of thf» ji«i[iIo 
id prpbcntod to tho student, and caro has boi^tx UklceU to avoid 
^ord" wbiL^h nre noTj fjiaiiliAj' to all oIakw^- It iA ^I'lk'^raU^ 
olIM tbt* volgiir diuJct^t of the cuutitr^. but it ta vulf/^ir onl) in 
tht' fesaao thjit it ia popul^ir :fcnd imivtTail," Jliii of i\ll ivndi- 
tiona eniploj it m canvcri^tioij, thou^'h TiatiinklJj ui'huy wcii'dn 
arc uf«>J bv ibp highfr clAsaea. csprH^ijiHv an tt'i'liljii.-^) ierm«t 
which ;l]v not uudiHi^tuixl by t.Titi iiiimlur^jLt^d, A iliHhUiM&iurt <;f 
the reuoons for the exUt«iice of oii« duii«H^& for litnTainrii and 



' £thi<>pic is thfl only otbftt membei' of tbe hoiily i^Lich 
aJmii6 uf l:fit>ken plur4l»i, 

' lli A?uivrLbu lh« Vi^w<>L of tb(> priifoiTuiiUvM HvllabUi nf tbA 
ttonat wofl 1 iu tUi> Ilnl p>>r?vri. HyrJJU Jini- tb^ wmk r/iuiri*! 
(ivou ill the IM iMrwjiJ. TIjo I^JinJ ii vf tht' prtcfiit ;tjtp'iEtf* in 
l^i^pic (a lAnguagf^ vbicb hut mnro In tfommoti with ciaatif^l 
Antbic, oxotffjt 1>jr thi* abnoincu of ibo dual, thui «itlur ilfrbr*>v 
or Arami^ii?)) and i« r«t«iaor1 in AmbAi-in. 

■ "*H #«a>j ltd>M^Tot." Tiio i^^m "'volgw" i* uftim up- 
[iliiH] tTontomptuutuly Lq jipoki'n Arabic, 



PREFACE 



9txm 



ifciiotbor for convMwttioc wouH be out of place hore.^ TKere 
r^Q li<i U1I iloubi tbftt (lift fiTo^f^sd of tbe natiou i& thereby 
imp^td, und ^«&i rtdvarktAgea would be gainod if one <mly 
wero uHi'cl far both piirpo^s^ The writti^n Inn^ajLge ia re- 
^/injud by the educated ^b jmrff {'arab^ tindtf), the spoken jw 
vndean or fcrfltffli (*ambf maksfli),* whUv the lowei' olasjierH tenii 
the spolieci *Ambt anfl the writteTi nji|j\»t.' Tu tis it nuwnia 
fitttiup^.' ibiit it should be necoeaapy to write oE brood and *raier 
IL4 khtjbz, and ma\ while w« «peak of them as 'or*b aod njoiv^t/ '^^ 
Ui rcijifi froii^ 4 iIi.iuuiurinL yaktub i)r yAktnbu,' whilo \re re^alurly 
U^tr yiktlb in coDversfttion. If w* were t-o spefilc Knplidi 
%n\\ wi-itd Dut^b our littiratoro would bo nikdoriitood, by tho 
■•iututod at loa^ti, ever a wida area^ but it would not appeal 
Uionv senbG^ Thu fnicfi af wurrln c'DiiKibb:^ in thti fttiSOciiit\'Mi> 
whioii they retidl^in the aubtie rvniiiuaoeQCios they a^vnk© of 
hypoiio days- No word ur expreeaion which we roi*ot ooJy ia 
bouks wilJ outer into our life like thoae which have become 



* See the pn^fftfw to Doiy'a Sitpftlfmeitt aux Dirtionnaira 
A7<ttrK. tie points out that tbe eiLrly diotJooiLne^ com|h>flod hy 
tU9 followers of tlie Propheb excluded all words tiot ciiu^idered 
DJhM^ii? or " sacred/' and, ui^ modRm rompilaticns hr^ve udrled 
but Mttle to tbfi ^ftot-e by iiidep<^U[Je>it res^oroh^ no uollecUotj oF 
words iji i;cn«rd] ueg ia aoy way approacbing t4} ooXQpLebanose 
ha» ■« yet beetj mado. 

' Appsrontly fmm rhn iLotion that thtt spcjkeu dialect ii 
Dothirtg but ft Gori'U[jtion of thv Eomnic!- 

^^Nabwl tneauti VitcraWy 'jrarntnatifkilt ^^^^ ^^ oommou I J ap- 
plied to tbi3 LuoDgi'i}! Ittu^'ua^e employed in otiiiiiul norrvapond' 
ODiTf?. It 18 the "H*LBsi«sil" tiiTiguogp nrtifjnially tt<I!^pl^.■d to 
moderu wanW, The Kornuic forms are mOHtly rutaioed* hut 
fcl^*^^gl» aud in particular Fr'.'ucb idioms are lai'gely iutrodoiieda 
ai»l wijrde are given meaniii(i;8 Mliicb they do not bear iu the 
nl/ifc^cal iaT^f^l!^l['^ It is uf>ed ic sji*^fichps and in pliiftdingB at 
thi* covirts ( interna ioglpd oftt-u in tho same KeiiteD<?e with th» 
Tentacular), »r in the iHacu^oh of ti^chtiicaJ subjects, and 
pudautic'-olly tiveu iu (irdinoi-y L-onveiEatEoii> A brief aketoh of 
its oooideaco if) ^iv^n in mi npp^ndix to tbe Aocldenoe. 

* KbuliK ia ooUoquial in t,bo dialoot of ^>Ti*, 

* Aa thti vortolu are not printed, y«.ktub and jaktubu will 
\jv niitWti ^vitb ihrt same letters as yikUb. In the rcailiii^ of 
crin'i'*|n>n<l"*iifO and oflieiiil docuraetits the finaJ ehorl vowele iire 
ofttfn uot prontiUTicei, the cl^rka not being eulfioieotly vi^r^ed id 
ihr daaoical ianguA^« to inurt thoni^ 



TXtV 



PREFACE 



funiliAT to u throogh oar intertwine «hb oar feUo*- 

To r««utQ«. the flpoken t&n^Dftge of Cun> repreamtt in its 
strocTtfir^ tbe djsti&gaidhiog feutoree of At Ic^rt three t«macbe« 
of the Semitic famiiy. It h*s borroired some wcrda fruai Coptic, 
wbicb it bsiJi tboroo^hlv lanmjUted. ma ciiB&kfai i:romdii'f^ Hbah 
(Copt^ leb^k bn*h. r^'O. wbeoce we have tb« rerb Ubbuh, ke^ 
And others fnmi the tangua^efl of Eurt^. LDcloding Torki^ 
Farther, a greac manv «apTe«sionA beloo^Dg id rv^litv k> the 
wrief-Q larajTOAge have, owing to the infliieore of the Eorui, 
become Eiimiliar even to the low^A ciasigtfs. some of them in 
a nlizhtlv altered fonn, others without any chaikge. Bot Uk 
importacionfl from abrtind &re bj no me&ns umcieroas, kikd on 
the whole Cairene ba^ pre3erv«)T oolike some other Semitic 
idioms, iia Maltese and tb*> modem diatectd of Abyssinia, an 
eeAentiaUy pore character, Sncb is the language which the 
people have evolved for tbemselvaa. and biatory warns ns that 
all Attempts to *' edocate tbeoj up " to eipreSj* th^D^lvee in an 
idiom not of their choosiog will meet with faihire. The wiaer 
fours': would be to vbrow aside all prejudice^ and accept it. at 
least for secular purposesT as the only language of the coontry. 
There is raa.4n to foar that, unless this be done and a simpler 
9}'atem of writing be adopted^ both the ccdloquial and literary 
dialecta will be gradoally ousted, as the intercourse with Euro- 
pean nations increases, by a foreign tongue. 

And let it not be supposed that the Cairene or any other 
tipokcu diale<:t is uuwortby of a literature. They are many 
<A tbem richer in their phraseology tb^^n any of the Eorope&n 
languageA, and with the introduction from the Xabwy voca- 
bulary of the neces.sary technical term$ would be capable of 
ex|ireaaiag every ideiL of modern times, and this in a living 
form, A movement in favour of the vernacular wouid beat be 

1 Dozy hays of th+> early '* purists" r "Mcconoaissant la nature 
defi choses, lie comprenaut pas et no vouiant pas eomprendre 
ijne tout dans ce monde est sujet k varier^ que les langues se 
modifient a meaure des modifications de la pensi^e, qu'etles 
subisi^erit la d^peniliince de la soctcte qui les parle et des 
ikrivaijid qui a'en serveut, ils I'oulaient retidre immuable et 
perpttuer ceMe du livre de Dieu et n'avAietit que du dedain et 
du mi:pris pour lea innovations plus ou moins involontaires do 
letirtt con tern [Kirains." 

^ ^^ C'est ainsi qu'en France au X' si^le on n^avait pas Tidi^ 
que I'idiome vulgnire fQt susceptible d'etre 6crit." — Rena\. 



PREFACE 



XJfcV 



MdU'tud by tliv iirotis.' biit it woukl twvd tu bti »Li'OfL^lj' siijjpirrtinl 
bj meii of iuflup^ice. Sliocild it aucc^wf^t. u ahrti-t time of eom- 
puldniy QJiicutiniJ. Gay twu yeuiti, WEivilil Ik* siifbvLcMit t-' ^rvud n 
kuowleilge of rtnuJing and wiHtiug tLu'^ughoiit tbe ciniLitrfi 

The iypl^m nf t,miiJilii#nLliL.iTi i-mployfi'l m tfie ^luiimi^i.! will, 
it \s bopoUf recomiueji'i itself to tki* £lii^lir^b BtiL'ic-nl:. Tlitrt is 
ecquL' iiLOonvciiiont^c lit roprL'r^fEjtinp a c'irii^U^ Ai^bic lutti?r by 
two in bhe lioniiin ohiLrai'tei'. ti^ hlao in tlie u&e ijf iJota bolow 
thi- li'rij*i"pi; *mfl sJnml<i tbt* Oriental »^jst*'ni ever be iflHiersi-^ltMl 
by 11 Euro^wiiii one Tor general uba it will no Jotibt be fonnd 
fTJOl'e buibit^li-^ tu iovt'iit 4 sppjLZ'iLtc iibanifter for uU ttiotru AnJ'ic 
leltvirB tvbicb liij-ve iiu i:^iil>rk)i^Eit in ihe Li,kt>iu ulf]iiibeb> 

I ventuiv fjH bf-lit'TH thjit Afabic ^thobirw,' ii*" w»01 ivs tbose 
wkiD bfiok 11 pni4:ticik] kTiowleilgG iif tbe t^kii^iEM^^*-, will ^m\ tnaltui' 
of ixitn-^i'^^st in tiib fiilltjwiiig jrik^i^is, Tbuv bav'."' boeii wcitton "t 
odd monieiila, ubJrtlv iit v»i'atiori tiuif. iJi iuiIwllv liiuikA niid 
HtejunbuLr-!^- — ti d^<.-lJrIl^lH.M4.r w|iii.'b [ mu^l iifgo hs a p1e& Ftir 
any impeifmrtiLitm ^^birb Diav Ht- di^tpufn^ in tbe work' 

I inu>t out cuuutgiJt witbout ^xpii^^ilif^ my iiLdcbtednaiu to 
the heiMln uf souie of ibe Dep&rtiuenu* of tbe £j^)[jtiiiri Govem- 
rriettt And other!; for Kiibi<<c?ribitig fm' a iiiimber ct FC^ia^ of tL« 
buulc^ nod thoi'eby cit&bJiu^ me to vai-ry it tliroa};b the prt^A, 
»nil ftJao to Profea^i ^ycc for his pntii^iice iu rejbUuf^ tbroUj^h 
UxomanuMiipt. in tbe mii'^boF hia mAiiifoEd preo4,Top?ktion^ Tho 
TioU^ mark^i] villi l.bi* l^tE^r S. rtrd t'onhnhnted by him. 

CAiBn, liKH -T. 8. WILLMORE. 

NfTTE, —Since writing tbc ubovi', n^. eppn^ nu the EK^'pti*" 
&ljihubeL by an Anii-ricua philoloj^Uti who UiM^s » deep tut^ri^nt 
iu the welfare i^jf tbc B^yptian people, b&^ iwjiie to my notice. 
1 ijiiott) the fuUowing pusRuj^^rt from it to illustrate ibe coinH- 

> SuukH luilf-hea-i'twl attempts liare tklrenjlj^ b^ti iii»)». 

A Cj^irpiiH of tilt- low^r tilling lcji<m'n to mf ;6pi«iit rteTtrnil 

C*ra et Bcbuoi when ho wa^ a boy. He tb<To U'arjuHi thr 
tvrti md jiiLtt uf Ihr' Konui by bi-jirt. Of tlit> laLtt^r hv ni> 
Iii*siabi-r« but little, but be *till iiiifckts iL'^o of the lL*tt*TJi for hie 
ooiTL-3ij.i-iiidtrJ('o. which bi^ ^Tit»ii (jbo^etti'iLlLy in the culloquJA] 
biUK^'^t'"' with here mid IbftP a uu-bwy pbi-aai*. Askixl >^bj' 
b« did i^ui ntul tbi? piLj.ii-rft, bf tt^plied ihiLt he ouuli] injt throw 
nvH_v hio jnnMrirK fjil n litisi'atruv wbH'b be did imt unitiTStATnl. 

- Tbiiui^h ii(H^ <dl- It whS atiirtliii^ to Isaru fi'oiii ^ proUtftiof 
of ^rmitic hujgungen at vw^ of tli^r EugUah uiiive;'SJties tLnt b« 
jaclkxilud Uie liviug ArabLc diEd^yrtiZf froui his studitw. 



xxn 



PREFACE 



dcnce of botli hifl *ud SpibtaS viaws witli my own oonvictiiom 
N<it Jinviti^ rofeiT«l to Sphta's wurk far fiuitij jtvi.rs jiieviiiuHly 
to ih& [!0[uj>]«tioD uf my own, I was unawiu'e that lie hiuiMvlE 
ileciired t^ see ihv vemfkculor adopted for titerrkrj i>urpoB«b. 

*' Nu one who hae rc&^l tbe de^fil^-iaturestin^ pn>fu.ce Ui 
thd Grtivijiiiifii- vnn doiil>t tbe warmth of the bo^jn whU^h lie 
IKjiittn.] QDti^rtaiDed thiit th^ norb — a& h\A hio^iM^ih^r expre>itLOtf 
It—* might roiitnbute ti- the devalii^in of the ajtulsT^n dJikliwt lut-J 
lb wi'iLtrEi lau^uatr^. tLerebj bnd^iii^ ov«i' Uiut l1i<i'|i ihrutiu l>i?- 
twe^n iLu' E<LioTn or fhi- ptoptij itiid tlio irliiiTri of lilJir^tLirt-, wliii*h 

ifi tlwi ^l-QftttfBt obftll-Uctioll ill th* pHtll of ERyptilLU pt'Qgri.'lSB/ 

" TiitT ntrjkui^ uod foi-cib1i> pfkm^i-aph wliicli i:loseH the prof^iue 
i\a^ bti'U frequently vxXvl. but a, tiuEibluLioii nf it \\tiw vwn luirdly 
be out *^f plno**; ' Fiiuill;,'. I will v(»nt\irp tii iJjivn nTitHmrnH^ t» k 
hopu wfaiob, dvriti^ the GompilatdOD v\ thij wtirU, J bave ct>a- 
»tiiritl> vl^'i-iAlieJ ; it i^ n bojje ^fliich conrerns K^'v^-t itr^If, and 
UriicbaK a luatT^ir vrhicL, fur il aud ]L? p^tuplt?. ih almrmt ii ijiiehticiu 
of Jife or deatli. Evi-rv one whu bfts Urt-d fiu' a. oonriiclfrablu 
pii-i'iod ill iLn Ambii- ipt-akizi^ laud knovv.'^ bow suriouely lUl it* 
»ii!-ivitie:^ ftiB *fftvtrtii by tbti wid^r divtJi-^oin:c uf tlie written 
liLTi^iihi^e ["mm tbt> Fipoltpu, CihW inch ci^onm3>IaDf(f^ there FHti 
be no t.hi>i]^ht '>f populu' i]uJtuiv ; f^>r hni? is it pofifiible. in tba 
ViHef pL^rioii of primrbry inslructioii, to Acquire even n Lall'-wi^v 
kmrwleilgTii of du difliiiiilb n Luti^Ud u^ tb(^ liturArj Anibit?, Vfhvu, 
in tbt? HLM^oEt'bfcr^^' ^^hr>oU, vuiirbi* iindergr^ t[ie torTiir^ f^f iVk atudv 
fiiuiii^' t^t.n'f^nhl j-oiu'ji wichout lUTtving at, otbei Fhiiii f,b& nii^^t 
unpttUi-fvinK Ti-wdte*^ Of course tlip uiifoi'tuurtto p^apbicuirjiiuiij 
^rl»M njiiiplnx iilphnbet — in ill gi-tuL pjiLln tu blimii- Fur mH iblh ; 
v»t bow toui-h flft-Hicr woiiM the mutttr lipcmne if the itndeiJt 
iiiLi men^L^ tiO wnt^ tb^ ton^^ wbicib boEpeAbs, inoUtnd of bein^ 
foi^in] to wi'iti' i\ Un^uA^fi which is m fitr&nge to ib« pn^npnt 
^orxvtTution of Ki^vpi.iAiJf u^ tlit< LiLtiln is to i.b<' pi?4ip]f4 of Itolv, 
tiT th4> OM-(.U(^cik lo tbu irbiibiUknt* of Grvw«s^a iLTk^migri 
whkcii, without l-eiiig tht* popular fpt^i^cih, in iio lofi^i:-i< (iviiei tbv 
otiiflHuiflJ Anbbiol A iml litv^nttLiri? oikoiiut be tbuB d«v«lQ|itil ; 
friron)yib« liitiiu^ i!u! f i vitttnt claxM kiinwn Jiow t^o uni- h liook ; 
u> the miii-H c>f the p&opl^ a Viook ua reully a thi - 'm^wTi, 

If Le buv4i (LtH^I to vn'ttc i^ lettei% or eafK-ntv ' . tb« 

iinliiiiiry man uf tL« |h<itpli? nm^t (iiit biiu " 
tiiuwlm (if n profi^Kiotuhi HoHbv ; hr irtLMt tru 

ini|K.ir'LkiiC iwji'i'* with u a^dJ whitih b« uuiiiul ' ' lu^h 

inar bt^ and ia nuAi1> i(iLitdht«d. Wliy mn thid 1 1 loa- 

ditiou of thtogEi uot be rb^iiijced Xuc the tjettcr f buiujiiy Uw^uw 



PREFACE 



jixvM 



upi of inourriii^ the chnr|;e of treripuaaiu^ upon the ftotnrkiT] ct 
re\\g\OD. But t>h? Rontnio laijgua^i^ is uqw ituwbci« trrilpteQ ; 
tor ^lierever you Anti a writtitfrk Arabic it* in thtt MlddlEt-Arabir 
of th« offit?eH, Ev^n the duUioiie imity of the l^hLniitio peoplflH 
wuuld Dot be dieturbo*! by the ^uloption of tbe spokeo vornftonlur, 
toucti tbe Wi^iifme of irrsiyer nml of tbe n'tual would eitiU reiu-tiri 
evt^i-jfwbert^ the ^nmH. It in hIho n9.Hertad tbiit the New-Arnbii' 
ifi Kho!ly iiTilit to baeoui^ tbe laugtiage of th« pen because it 
obeyfi lift (iieJ lavrs, imd flows on without ifcny Tiyutactic restri*!- 
tioiiB. I T^utiire to beWt^w tbal tbe pieaeut pu>ilLGJitioi) piori?.< 
dmf. thf^ speerh nf th& peopl^i ia not ro completely in^L-ajvibli- of 
dirvQilpliiie ; tbnf, ou ttie oontrnry, it poBseiuief on hbEindnnt^e uf 
gmintDfitiojkL mcctiF:^ ; Atid ihat it is pr-eciscly tbe ^mpLicitv of its 
S}nirk;i, the pWtiiiity of its T(*rbal ufiii^U iit^on, wbich will umke 
It fl tttf)^ rsf^rvicpsblp infitrmn^nt. Did tht) Italian seem &ny m^ire 
pfViniftitig when Dante wrrit« luB Divine ConiwJy! And would 
a ccHomissEon of the taofi ieam(>d and most teJipert m&n oE K^^it 
not be »b1e to do iufiiiiteily Iit^tter that which It h&s not Affpf^ni^ 
to in«, a foraigner, too diffii'iilt to uiid«rt4Lke t ' " , . , 

" Uaref u1 ntudy of its d^tnira — especiiLlly if eupploiucnted 
by fi abort poncd of use— cwj hanily fail to wjuTince the in- 
vttittif|:»U}i' tlwt U< wvMild b« difl CLiU, tii nay tha If^ut*. to t^nnkfn in 
Alpl»b^t beUvf AdApt^ to itg piirpcse thkn thiLt of ^pitlji. ' . . , 
Iw c-t<:i]l| lipplicaiticfi to tbe national diiileft cf E^ypt nould 
fortUvitb inLiii«jj^]y facjlitato tb« frxtennnn of knowledge, niul 
itiwtiiiinblj' leHS4<ii tbi* ifluk of tht.' Iwicbtr tjinm^rbniit nil tbe 
Nih.rtir \ntid» ; piid thi*- imiy vA] tv brottght about i4itbr>ut, in 
any it>urir^i]r^. uftVi-tiii^ ih& position of tbc^ <.)til'Aivbic utpbub^t 
aa tih? nit^diuni of the vpneciit^d du^^ioil litr>r]ktu]^. Nor wuuld 
ffiicb a Htpp detratl fiyim tlip HdniLifii^jl iibimfti*!' of tbibl Hlpha- 
hvl, veilh ^hiL-h the naci'yxi Kurunif ecriptni'i^a i\Tv wntt^a^ Tbe 
Bible of bh^ RunsuLiiri in printed by [ncunti of the Cyi-illiu nLphiiboti^ 



^ The ayHiem oF ti^iiFiilitt>nLtion adopted In the prQi4»iit work 
diff«M tery ooneid^nLbh fruoi SpiltnV. tn a book writt*Ti ftn 
Kriglish ntudont^, Eii^-LJsb tuttcn hud to be cont^ulted, imd I luu 
fliirt tbd.1 ibey would, for vubfiiple. hjtve br^r^u puiclnl by thf* ui^f 
of y to reprn«*nt th*< y BOimd, thotigh philolu^CiLlly it maybe 
tiiD nirlit lottvr (o I'liiploy. 

It IB QtmL*i;i< tbit ^pittA tifaoiild not httV« reoggui^od tfao 
■xUtfinre <if lUf fnliitk ^ (j) in tbt wrnjioulai. 

t TheoM ftlftvoidp Bibk' of CyrilluH is utill the ndthoHsed 
vemion whtr«vor li SUvouir Idoiguu^e vt npukon. 



X3CV11I 



PRKFACK 



Doittbl; diSeriog from tbat nu^Ae aae Of in tlie tnodern Ruaaitta. 

and phniSf>s whii;li oar hai'dLy Vje prim<mncv<l liO Jjq strietlv 
mod^Ttt Enghgh. The CathoJic Cburah regnrdri only the Lutiti 
valgute jcripturea im au(]]oi'it<ttive. but thi.- Critliolic mitions ilEI 
}uivtt seculnr lIlbrAtuivA iti tlieir own veniaciiLir. Tht* Ccipt^ 
dftily usifi thji Old-Antbic alphiiljflt and the * chsntwrv ' Arubic 
in tbt^ir correr-pcnilt'niJtii, while speiLkin^ tL^ lld^f^'ptmn idiooif 
ftltliijii^'L theJr huly books ure Ui the aiicieut Coptic, bitviug it* 
own ulpbiLlii^V Tberti a.m oLb«r insIuEiubtit uTeu iu Lb^ Eu^* oF 
siiDiliir Lilphrtl)eti&il nnd liteniry ovoluUmia and revoUjtiaiia; 
and Ihei'c aecma no good rea-^n why tbo^e «x&liipl&e Bhou]d nut 
be followed to advantAgp by mitioiifllitiop of whutevtt incH oi' 
oreud. R«lig]uii ill no wIhk buHei-b tber^i-by, wbile t^e progrew 
oF tlie p«nple ift imme^Lsurjibly j)L*ce>l4^rftt«d- , . . 

"There is littJe need of waiting: for thv uev I^&ntei whuae 
Bdveut BpiLla, in \,\i& cloning plim^t^ of the pr«fiice Ui his 
OfOmtiuitik, inkye-ms to iiijiL nt. (Hlier tiliicieiit. fnrL'^ iire 
ftlrCfcdy at hand. Hundreds of yowig ffi^n ure now tonKtmiiK 
recei^inj; an axoellent tiuiniug \u tht^ higher echoob <A \-hxi 
Egvptiaji litrifa — *cLod1& which' urn yttuly yruwiine bwlLci-, Thi-« 
vaus. i>f Ej^ypt ;irp both iiiteL^i^cnl htjcI patriotif. Lat hU I^i^h^ 
youth of the iiH>ver gtnerwtioo put their r-Louider>< to the wh^aL 
LT*t thoni ^ve tln-ii^ influence — grcAt, if properly flppljod to 
blie devt^lcipmeJit of the popular bou^ue. uiid there will ouoi^ 
follow the unapprooL'habl^ bfc^sing oC univfriisjil I'lini'utiou, *il.li 
iU inifCiUhle rwuk of a broiLd libertilurt * foi' tlie p-'^ipio, tA tht 
prople, and by the people.' The pre!:*BQt OoTernni*:jit wf EjTvpt 
mi^hb well lend iU ^d — ju it ih ail la^^t' iu tt posiUrm in do — 
to sucb an effort. An Amencao writer hjiJ:^ i!hbr&cl«rtti^ the 
niJhi-veUoufi Gnrincinlr fcimmArcinl, ihgrii^idtur^, fknd moi'nJ trfiji&' 
foritiation of E^yjjt, effected vd thedu l&tvr >eu-»i oA 'tho moflt 
nplenrlid Aifglo-^son mchieveuinni nf tiie cmitiii-jF/ Why «ui- 
tiot thu men who haw bot^n the |xit»iit f^otoi< iii bnii|i;iiTg ubout 
thia brneticuQt ruat^iiifct revolulion, uow upto tbt* gate, un wi*U, 
to UiD fipiritiuii devclupuieub of the |.<eop]e the;r rulv? bo aXAy aud 
fo liounftly f Thnn- in but i;iit« jMth th^t pi^i^Ph tbruiijfh thfbt 
nte, atid thftt pi^th ravL b» tmv(>ra<»l only Tiy b nation rtdijt^At^ 
tu th« UAti|friA|{v Lt QEidei6ldiitiJFd, Tlijht liuiKUh^c^ >^ uliwkdy thn 
dttOy tpwuLi iif nueijti itiU<i'Ctmi-i>ti, of Ui"^ fjiniily, Uio ^hopv and 
tlie fftnn, Why >lii>ii]d it not hi^eomn \h» incdiitm uf nil nlum- 
tion, diii(tiiifff| uot. onl^ to alfVutv t}|*i imtiuu tthich hiu il* h^iTie 
uttd^r- the [uJoiB c>f the KOo, but ptjrbaps to iovivc. uoder nt 
ncbia forUt tliv aucieut glary of Um wh(jl« ?W&c«uic woiM t " 



THE SPOKEN 
ARABIC OF EGYPT 



ACCIDENCE 



THE ALPHABET 



S I< The alphabet of Cuirene Ai-abic consifita of tho following 
thirty letters : — 



TOWKLB- 


NAUE. 


a 


& or DA^ba 





3 or khefda 


i 


t orkhifda 


COKtONAMTa. SAHt^ 


b 


bS 


t 


t« 


\ 


tA 


g 


gim 




gh£n 

ba 


h 


W 


d 


dAl 


4 


rifld 


r 


1^ 


1 


■fin 


? 


^ 





stn 



TOW£La> 


NAME. 





6 0r rof *a 


U 


fl ormf'tt 


i:0Nao\ANn. 


.VAME, 


? 


fftd 


sh^ 


sbtn 


4 


•In 


f 


H 


q 


qy 


k 


kftf 


kbi 


khi 


1 


Urn 


m 


niiiu 


n 


uCtb 


w 


wau 


y 


ys 



In lidditioa to the above there are thi-eo diphthoogs : at, au, 
and 0^ and the hiatus ('), coUoqiuaU; called iiaf*a. The circum- 
flex IB used to lengthen ijie vowels. 

^ Id the few cases where g, s, k are followed by h without 
forming one letter with it, they will in the following page« be 
■eparated frem it by a hyphen, as tix the words ag-l^tr, yiB-ha, 
dik'ha. 



3 THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EOVPT 

Reu.vbk a.— TCELfba. Idiifd;*. and raf^a nre by the Wrncil 

gftrdtxl «« mere <,^j['i'uiiU^us of tltt- u auJ u t^uiimlis pe<L^ijlmr to thv 
i^pukvQ dialacLs, ^u LimL ^t Ejms benn nt^t'asii^arj' to inTPiib itiLin'is for 
them, ? no doubt results from tlie tbiuiiiiTg (iw/ila) uf it, but 
a£ itii souod itpprooclies more unruly ibiit of kliifdn, Xhe iijljilu 
adopted bc^ma suitable. 

KjsmntE^'.^Tbe following iri, in outlinrf, Ula ayateni oFEpelliug 
in use in Egypt : — 

The syLluble bjh is pronouucod lilnoazLb or bAn&Bib} 





hi „ 


■t 


blkbifnd^btkhiraj; 




bii „ 


IT 


bftniftt,^ or bflnifA' j 




u ., 


T» 


tUitn sah ; 1 




ti n 


» 


tikbifarl;l 




tu „ 


IV 


turufft^' 



similarly ItAim.sub,^ klfcliif^.* kOrtifit^* at^d sa oo tbrtiughout 
Or, a aud u beirxg in the Arabic ch/hi-aGr«r written &bove ih& coo- 
ttcn&nt wbioh tbi^y follow, nnd { below, wi3 may eyeU ba, b6 
foqbft^ nuqba ; bi, b« ioKtiliA,^ kbifdn ; bu, b^ fLM|La ruf'^n 
Wben a word beglnri with ii fihort vuwel, th&t is, strictly sp«&k- 
mgt ^of' a follow^ by u ^owid, thut vowt^l will be prunoimced— 
if a, & qihi'u u' oofba; if i, f qut''^ u kbifda^ if H, i^ qa^'a n 
rul'ft, hik b apL^lb bckiuia^b uUf wiloI ; bt, bikliif&<l yf wi»»l ; und 
bft, bl\ruf&' wjiii wk^b 

CoDAooftats not followed by ft vowel aro callod : abbiguxam {L), 
tkiiifpkaun {i), okkigaxaiu {k\ Jcc, or be T'lqbu ^hmiui, die, 

Tliuii tbe ufuat» Jbrllhlm uttLy be ^p^it — 1 qnt'u i: kliUdu itLbi' 
gkXAm rlnbfqb &.\it wa^l bikhifad y^ WB.fl ammigftMin ; &r al\t 
taj>iiha qat^a u kbif^ wq Lv Tjqba gAxmn wo r8 TAqha DAfba 
we alif wi^ lb f^qba walo tuJiliba) we hf taljjtiba khlfda w« 
ftUF WAfI WQ mim fAqbn ^nium. 



PRONTJNUXATJUK OF THE VOWEU* 

g 2, rj U atncCly the Eri^liflb a of the wordi fiti^/, /hif, as tn 
Jf ihouwr/, kaUb /«« wrotr, tnit tliH foilowiJ]^ modiJioiLtit>nB of 
its AOUtiJ lunKt b« noted ^ — 

(jj) AfU^r * it U pmcti^ly b^ngtbeneiE U> il, mtit tbin iryaii 
Wore two conBori»ntiLt ciA in th« wottla 'uk cm, fjf aI ftM mak§f. 



3 Or UeuhU), ^. 



• Or w« (iittfi). 



PUUNDMCIATION OF THE VOWELS 3 

(h) It bocomes uf uecsssity bjindeDod when in projclinit^ U> 
the con^Tiantc; f^ d. », nnd j.* 

[c) It uBUflUj bofl, wton Burrouuded by wiOftk consoiuinU, 
tb« obscure souml of a in tbfl words againef^ jinal, or the im- 
writt*!! vowel tif didn't^ a» in hjikziL ^kit; di^Trri, Inhno ?«i7^, or 
ihe fttffc^oiid pvlliiblo nf *ftljdfl.]lQ, ^ir. »^, and 'arbagl drivvr, 

(li) It Id ttiiunod to <^ or e, rkS b&Jjid tti^a;;r, f*in5ue 'rtr-dtai (£or 
gififina), mrwrije »« E^ptian or <Aitrwiifi (ffumArt (fur roa^'Eya). 
Aft^r j;/ tLii4 DiOiliJj^-M-rioti w net iJnixrmiitoiit Wt in other (A£e^ 
it id «eldoiD b^Jird from the lipa of true CiLtreiittii^^ 

§ 3. Long d (J) I'fitALtifci itfl oiigiujLl puro eound [ik« jri MA^r) 

whvn Vi^<^^^ ^y '' **^ ^^ '^"lI "<^^ ^^ ^^ HLUit4 t,ime fi>1liivihL bv 
the w^ilc semi 'pon^ii nun t y^ as in *&da ('iuff?/n, khilis entirely, khiii 
ifini ^i^<£or ,' but Lti» UjaitJ:^! value is thai of u Iuugtlir.'iiEMl d, 
auch as i£ benrd iu tlje Ittiluin word jjailro; t.'j. bAb doirr, hAga 
thtJi-j. Tbe Fi*Uaheen uud uiharB wunktm it to eburb «, but u 
Oninvie will never eay riggala jnyrj, though he prououiK-esi the a 
in thttt word mutb leas broadly thiin in nar. A aouad uppnuKih- 
Iiiy tcj that ot d is, towt^ver. HonietiiiLPfi bwu-cl brfort^ qat'n or 
1/ t*placiug ciit**^!' ^^*^ 5» '^'^ '^ hu*in (biyin) o/^pfanni;, ftbi'if 
(*bi)-if) M-'Ti,^, uiSi'iii f^wtoTitertj bfiq! ivmai/jiflj, teJlq^ »^o« w/W 
.riiv/- Under tbe iuiluence tif the omphalic couaoiuuitd f, ^, I, f, 
4 bseomti^ no much bruadouiid tbiit an iiie^perienced Eiar^ might 
ronfniind it. with tha sound h«Anl in the Engli^^h wiird irai&-: 
«.j» tih Ae /P^iM'^^i'/, ■}&! hii ad'U/ij #JIni he jOAtcd^ j.Aliiu ofpretnoT, 
bit itmij'it- 

§ 4- '' »)iinJft a£ tf in moM- It octant's mostly iit unaccQuted 
open a^']Ub[o^, und ia tLou baj-dly die(iagmahittd« from abort i~, 
ifcB in jj^sbiif ^o^ jishtif) Aii Kw/ 

1 See remarks on thosa letters {S ]9)> 

^ Of. ytkukyJT^ Ghr^yir with nibtimbiir, Ate. Most uf Lbn 
nuin<w)Ufi Eii»Lm;[>l«iA ^iven bv Spitta. of im/lfa or ihlnnin^ of the 
o-vou'i-dfi EL^'^ iJlu»^trutioJiH uf foix^i^ (f&lUb, bedaw^i, or l^erlien) 
proimQcirttJoo. 9ucL fonn* no kelim, lamdo, do not ot'ciir In 
iLe rliuK'i:t af C^lLtii ub Pjiuki.'!! by uu(ive^. 

• As in thv prwfi. pirtiPtp. of vorb*. wbose middle mdtf^l in 
V or y. Si-y 1^ |U iLinl a7. under tbe It^ttcr y. Bfiyin is pntoti- 
CaIIt pfojAouiiced br^viii, ojid IS so ^ritttii in ibo ifruujiufH, 

* p is u-ted fur i lhrifu>jii(>iit tho prnmmJtr in the prvformative 

SlUhlf^ uf tho AoH^it jiiirl purti<<iplefl of ^ome of tho forms of 
V vrrb vbtii^ver tljrot' sylltvblcrt are pionouncod with ^cat 
mpiditv, PrHL'tiL'iilly it niAkoa but little dillureuLc irbfthei' 
i^or It i> irrUt^iJ iu iliiK puriitimt) provided thut mi h^tqa^ is laid 
tm tkom. ' i^ pitrtii^iilarly preferred, as in Hebrew, Ln thv 



i THE SPOKEN ARABIC OP EtlYPT 

f. Tutf the vjiUiti of Englljih a in laue or ai in. luiiK Jut ^fifth 
Ar^O/r, It is tliickoQ^ii In syllnVtles ^sontaLziing ^j f, i^, f, or i, mji 
in yi&tA a lettU, bij<i ^^^I't e^f aummer. Aiter ''^ it tKnjiiile much 
jLb ai ia aifi1f>, us iu fiu^i'U tvjo branches, and befujo vr tis Uie 
French ^Wf ns in '[l^wl ft»j;A. 

UEHAitK- — f} ofteii standi fui- ni (rty)T t^ ilAc fnnMO^tfry, for 
lUjv, aK'yil, or iihuiyiJ [ - ahajjjU) /'(^r'trJ 

} &> t'sfi ill 4/iii , «.;/. biutf^fW, uiiflLk /it: jr/^nyj. Whuii followed 
hy ' it hoA the viihio of the Pr^nch flii^ lui in U'b^Jij;/'' ; an it wheti 
proiM)iIiHl by that cooFut^ni^t it fipproadieii vary closely to the 
Kjund of e, or ovon tLat of ibo diphlhcti^ at't aa in ^n^ita ttit 
j/ro/titmiou ^ ma. fiiuL^it^b rii^ dul nrif he'i'. uuii thU evtui in oti 
U]iftC(^@T)tod eyllnhte, as in ahani'tiiAn efin'Urifi''h^ . The empbaLie 
DODBonaots givo it & pure h GoiitLd^ ila iu di<lf1 tv'jaivni, wbilc u 
followiug it oiiviTba it to tbo Fveiit'li «, aj in ^jj-tivfl if rteti ttpe. 
Afttir. Titid. tiO A ItiM ilttgri^i*^ b^foi-ti i\ii^ ^tturats, it uppio&cheft 
the Btiund of e (though h txerla but very liiil*- iofinpnce n|Km it), 
ihs l^innu henna (nonrly ht^ana), khiditwl KfiMive, hitui /^^'e (with 
K, plight teadiJMcy ouly to €), yil&httvf ht nuatcho* {i slightly 
durkaned). Veghdar ite 10 afjie. in rtguUiil)' hsard for yighdw, 
Bofora r it is ooeusiooally proDouoced aa J, thoagb ua it rulfl it b 
ahort, ikfi i^'td! tlirvw, for irokl. 

The i:un junction wi a>itl^ i» often pronouxu'oJ wou wheu there 
izt a jMkusa hotwivrf it aitil thd riejEl wcrd. 

( dooadft £p lotLjE i in Freneh uud It:LLiaii, ns in dib tfT>(^. 
hlyft Jtfif* It t^ mo^'i3 liublo thrLU the other vowels to liecouio 
shortened a.% ibe end of h word (§ 13). Aa in tbe t'Jiaw of i, ila 
liOtiT^d ivnanibler^ tlmt of ^ ur r^j after *^ii, na in fiil'ln fjmny out 
(pl.Jj tisnui'lah ^Aou (f.j d^ai ri"i heai\ titi^in ni/Jt/y (pniclicftlly 
tul'iJo, Jkt,), *iyal chtlfiren (pi-on. *niyil). Before /i it twcouioe a 
I'ounded ^« ofi in Hb apint^ It hiu q ^oauU beiwten u unJ nu 
aft«r /. ^, /, ^. AJ4 in yedffii fAf,'/ tiJd, and ^ometim^^ in the 
Turkieb tornjinutiL>n lAMht. hjj in ^uiEbAfhl eapttxin^ in imitiitioTi 
of ibei 'i'lirkjoli pronuiii:iati<»n. 



pjkTticiplv^ UiiiforTXiit^ ot 'sixlViiig vtUl lie tu t^uuKt i^xt^tit 
ACrificed iu tht folLowiEi^ [i^x^pce to the d^eire to reptuw^it 
fhH far liH pupiniblt* (bv nxuct piTHmncJalioTi of «t.At woni in Itsu 
TU^i|^d -^irroundini^n. Thirri> In p»rhj>{>t in nn cn«<j tnri rlnar « 
dBiAit)otiob bvtvvvn f ftjid / 4K th^rv i4 in KnfflLbh, uu iitt^- 
iut*Jiut« wiEiitl boiu^ hiurd iti iDibciy wonU, lu in iai*ld yo^ Mid 
in th* iiitirlr tJ. 



t 80 Hmht. Mft for f^i^r^, ^-^ 



CONNEOTING OR HELPING TOWELS 5 

Bema&k,— 'The ' in arbe^in forty, and lam&'tn, pr. h.^ i£ too 
filightly pronounced to iDfluecce the final Byll&ble. 

g 6, and A are tbo roundod continental short and long o, but 
they are not quite bo doaed as iu French ; e.g. a.h6 tJiere he uf 
h5ti viOTtar, jbm day^ In foreign words long o is retained, 
while short usually gives place to u, as bantalOn troajeei'a, but 
qunful cGnetd. 

§ T. u as in fvil, il aa in fool; e.g^ shuft thou saiKai, darabu 
he ainKk kimj f&l b*^tu. In juxtaposition to the emphatic con- 
sonants and the gutturals their sound approaches that of broad 
o and dt as in u^bur have patience (almost ogbur), qutta cat 
(nearly qot^), burqu* veil^ 'umr ii/c, *u?mfin, pr. n. (pron. almost 
burqa*, 'ojuTi ^o^m&n)-^ In the woi'd ^utt I wanted f u is some- 
times given the sound of u in cup, 

THE DIPHTHONGS 

g B, at(or}giually a^) ispronounced as at in ai«£«/ «.y. Bhuwaiya 
a little (for shuwayya), ithaiyar he wtw perpleJ^L^ 

Au as in German or as on in house; e^g. uuwil^^nrf, banwaz 
Aff squandered. 

Oi is very rarely heiu^. It is less open than op in /'oy, and 
its true sound seems to lie between that and the diphthong ai; 
e.(f. moiya wnfeTf istughummoiya a game of t/'C naiure of hid^- 
wid-eeekf *oiySq (for ^lyuq), plur. of '^yiqf&p^ laH'^ur. 

Rehark. — Maiya and ummaijii are occasionally heard for 
moiya, but they belong to the provinces. 

CONNECTING OR HELPING VOWELS 

I 9. As the Arabs of Cairo are unable to pronounce three con- 
sonants in quick succession, it becomes necessary, when tbey 
occur together, to insert a short vowel between the second and 

^ iAo y&m, motbf dui' in Hebrew = literary Aiub. ^-awm, 
mawt death, dawr turtL Note that dOr means Oi/e in Hebr. as 
in colloquial Arabic- 

* Or rather *6ijmln, the u being doubly broadened by the 
combined influence of * and f. 

^ When the y is not doubled it retains its value as a con- 
sonant, and no diphthong is formed, as in nay rate. Even when 
it iB doubled, the transformation into a diphthong often teems 
incomplete. 



THE SFOKEN AKABIC OP EOrPT 



ttie thini,' Tbia vovcl, it will be undonrtood, jtltiyt no part in 
the structure of t)ie vunla themflulvee, and is merelj rwiuiai- 
tiouod hy tht ^pmkpr t^ lires-k up & fN)iDbiDQ.1inTi at c?rjT)niinaTi1&- 
Noqni^^ rerbtf, firepo^itionEtf and (^OTtjanclioce Ar«, undei- thesd 
circuuiBfa-acofl, lioktd t<J tho pruiiomioal Bii9ij:<>3 by th* vowcla 
i or 1^ tht-ir clrtjit^e beJug reeuJtttK! br tlie laws of oiijihotiy, 
TliUB n is th"* cnnnei'ting vowpI when t\i& niifii^ i^j kft, trim i^nu, 
yorirj or hum '/^ff^, ^A'^ir. wliile * is employed in m«&t other 
TAWS- Thna wo saj liarabtnhiiio / ntnirk ffuni {far (JnmStihvim) ; 
wliili? fruui Mbuft I iatc, uitd Itu ^^, is roraii^i! ahitrtiha / wtir^ 
hrr; So iimm mnffier, umniTha Aw m^^/^r, iimnnikfl /A>(^r tnfifhtf/.* 
Wben the aeaond vowal is not so olosi^ly iittriehwi to lUo first tv> 
to form one with it, tiie co;jnectins vowol will be r, or (if the 
Wst strfss is lakl on it) i;' f.ti. shiift f Sfittr, rilgil '* m'm. shirft* 
rtgil / tfltf a 'martf *|iira.bt« wo-ltJ yoif utrupJe a hoy, shirilits kettr, 
bub flhitibti ktir or shtnbti k«bir you dranl' tnnth {n slight p^uso^ 
being made iu tbe lutter caj*e between the two wonls to ^issirt 
thrt ftmphwsin frtltinp on ketti"!, il tAqq^Ilk or il tin*|t|) lak f/nw tirs 
ny/j?, il biijJc dl or il biiitl dl th^f ffirU 

R&HAAK ^. — ^ i(3 eoraf^times himrd After the nef atlvo auQIjl sA, 
liltliou^h neitbei' pveoeilcJ uor rt»lluwed bj aiii>tber cOD^uiikDT'. >wf 
mh fish** fJifTe w u/if, ma yiswjishe it it not fwrth ; bitt poisibly 
it hero ropi-e&ents tho long f of BhA thinff, fri^m which the 
im^tiro form is abbroviated, 

Ii&3ldlkE ^. — When there is a pause betw^pn thp Brcniid *&j 
ibii'd confion&nt, the helpiDg ron«l is uwvt^Wy d\p\'t^ti^vi\ with, tM' 
it birt no pui^riw to fn:-rpo. This occurs cn^t icfroquuriUy Sfb^n 
-iLittfa kh luid on the £]?t word, u in the expres^oa ^kba 'uJ£hf 
thanif^ uff'rr Inmf 

Hirw4itK f. — Th& oonDfteting vowels, though na A mU ptr>- 
QOUtJMd witb the ^[-i^ntcst rivpiditj, h&ve often the sa.m«t vulue aa 
lh(Me which ftr& uit<-d in tlie stnictiire of the worda thnruJiolvee* 
ftTid may hi*! bubji<ct Ut thn sniDfi chiLiigf^ The;y tiwy bo Luiigih- 
unnil und«r tlifj uifliivncu of lb^ iu.<Cf?itt [^ lH), und^ by tbi> prin- 
ctplt^ of couttuotiou, may isvcu oust oix original vovpI ; lhi;k9 
frtim ukht Jiir/t-r, »nd nislbl my htxyHier-tri'tati}, a foriin-J ukbtJ 
QtilM frin hntf/fT-tit-iartn't tixifr ; finm v&^ JfiiA, Jtnd aiLl)A?4 

ItRMJiiEt </- — Ah, stHctly apeokin^, no svllnblo b^i^un with ft 

* Cf. tb* «flc ijf eb'va uDd of w^ol in ll^br&w. 

* fl il occ^iKioEirtlly iin^d for ^, iu> ummetm frir ummitin : uid 
mnau^, Ac., will bo hoiLrd, wipvciaUy in tfa« nidliui rn* ** ritj." 

* Ncitiv tbdt it booDmcd I nlivn lonj^LbiiDf^d, 04 ia Wbqtlb4> 



GEKBRAL REMARKS ON THK VOWELS T 

Towel {§ 21), tphe inaertjon of e in such cooibinAtiona as ibne a?1 
a nutn of a good atoclf, qumte &na / ^ ap, is id accordftDce witii 
the mla. 

§ 10, A helpiiig vowel ia also inaerted in foreign worda between 
two conaonants which an Egyptian is unable or loath to pro- 
nounce eonaecutively, or the vowel is placed before the first bo aa 
to form a Beper&te Byllable with it, a^ nbinsa or ishinsa patUnj 
(ItaL di^enedjf ikBibiriBs fcepre^} 



GENERAL REMARKS ON THE VOWELS 

§ 11. A long vowel followed by two conson&ntat whether in 
the same word or in two pronounced tt^ether without a ptiuBe, 
becomes shortened,^ € and & being ganerilly changed to i aod u 
respectively,^ as : — 



qlm Ae rose 


ret I 


jcould that ! 


qam qal he rose and said 


ya ritna I 


would fhtxtum/ 


qSma value 


bet 


hoitte 


qimtu its volxis 


bitna (or 


ojtr house 


qflra forehead 


betna) 




qurtu h is forefiead 


gfti 


h^teband 


tinmindih? w/ioee land i$ 


guzha 


her kiabartd 


(for tin (his? 






mln dih) 






When one of the two conson&nta is a ]i<]uid or A, the vowel 


occasionally, and in fiome cases optionally, remains long, though 


not quite full and pure. Examples : — 




h£thum brinrj them 


iphfibna 


our/riende 


yegib 1! (ye- he brings to me 


mafiheh (or 


tilers is not 


gib 11) 


ma flhsb) 




g^^ha, bC-tna, &c* 





^ Or siksibrisa. See § 2S for tbe combinations of consonant* 
which an Egyptian is able to pronounce, 

^ The syllable containing the originally long vowel does not, 
however, lose its accent by rcflson of the vowel being shortened ; 
thus we say yeqtim yeqfll, not ylqiim yeqfil ; bo yofciin rigi*, &c. 
It is very important to keep this fact constantly in mind, aa tbe 
vowels will henceforth be marked long only when they are ao 
pronounced. 

^ The i ia sometimes maintained, as in kcfkum oj you like, 
ma gi'tsh / did not '■-owie, ma 'alfiksh, not on you. 

* Most of the words cited by Spitta in illustration of this 
exception are pronounced with a short voweh 



8 



TfTR SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



g IS. Short rowels may become lengthened - — 

(a) By the accent 1>e]ng thrown upon them, as by nn encljlic, 

H» in sfloa th' ytar, is sani-d! //^w ijoar . bi 1 k'^fljA-dl m (UU 
vroj/. qabll dih (nlso qabli di}i) f;^/^)rf< 'Aii, from qabl juid dlh^ 
the t b^ing n b^lpli^ vowel, 

^&) By A abreas being laid on tbe syllnbl^ in v^hich ihcy oi?cur> 
u^ y[^ [for y'igl) he'li oraie, ii iwnl ^Ihu (foi' giha] 1 i» ^chal direc- 
tum t wiif^tlhft at that Tnfmiejtit mfthllkrt ijfnt!^ iiJ"^)t ^ Alllhl 
iifl (J*>d (for w AUiUit). 

Remark. — The vo^yaU are oft*n Tenjrthei] ed without njipareiit 
r«aBi>Li ill the worJs bu'dJna^ Itt'JikQ, biL'ilthiLiD some qj ua, <tf 
tfon^ of tli^ii. ijiuwlni or jwoti at tre, bile itt or mih i/ou^ Thflv 
nre, howo^or, raore frequsntJy proHonncod short, 

S 13, A long vowel may bpcom© [4bort«nf>d : — 

(fi) By two frillowiug cousocanU (^ 1 1). 

{b) In oontiDuoiiBdkt-iurse^tlievuwHlbfeingliABtilypmiioimccd 
iri oi^lcr that the ^peakijE' may pofis on iLt onov to u £im] sy]|ub]<f 
n^ the following woid, as:- — 



jynm (for Svito) 
id&h (fur IdCh) 
yenhufflhum (for ye- 

shQfQhurn) 
niudTdyt^ 

tniii mrirra (lot lAu\) 
uiuhiKh 'itii (for uisleh 

■Arif) 
tuji tnhiU«b fFor rAhil«b) 
qam ir rflgil i^iil tu (fur 

T^idii n nib* (for yeqtdi^) 



fiu handt 
Th^ff grv thffJt 

I dmi't htwt 

fhe di'i Tifit ill' 
thrrtinptin fh/i ninn said to 
Mm 



Th* prapoBition fi in w nlmoat invnriihly pronoutjcfid fi in ijon- 
junction s^illi il« hiilr^iliutitivw, iiA 11 mjii^i- in i*i;tiiii. Thf iitij^ktive 
pfutic-lo mA hrti^jnifls ma ; vX, hho mgn nf vUn VWAtiivo, ya ; Ull. 
thfi rflfltivi* proQniiii, illi ; tjol, tAui : iind mmotimefl it is only itv 
lit*t long Tuw(il jij H scnteno^ Mhi^^h i>^ able to rotAin it^ value, 
aa khlu illi miit.fi lu (for illl mitfl lu> Jii§ pnirplo mho hat-v 'itrd, 
WbIu hbJi Dia^Llan riihi^ ^for wuU libh, X~t'.) nor init^ti hitr 

1 And tbffr«> mmMyn. 

^ Ex|>meacii «dl eh<m' b/tv IhormisjhK thi- yiHt»rip|o por- 
Tnil** th*- -pijkrij Un^imt'i^ MA n-'t i- ' -w in th* 

AriL^ic rlLjii--irtMr' hy thn h>«>ir rUk^tti n- < d tu Lbo 

vvxb, and yii kinillnrlf ma ^^ M'lnetim^H evim in thw lii>oikH. Tbo 



GENERAL REMARKS ON THE TOWEJ-H 



(c) When in u finiil open (kbd thcrefoT-e unacccrilod syllnblo. as : 



liAU 


f'rfii'j {f ) 


sxifrngi 


fnhte-*f{fitar 


iutii 


yoti 


mifchi 


he Jpeitt 


t,igj 


f^'Ui rin/rn 


gin" 


he ran 


irnii! 


fhviffr / 


ghftui 


nfh 


bf^rbori 


n'iio*6 0/ Berh^ 


<^ra 


heread 


kikfnbu 


they tcrott 







(for hdtr, into, ^.), 

g 14. Iiic»M-UuiposhionN*>rundercertait»mfluPDcesde«cr!l«d 
below, the vovdU e, ■', ti, and ooc&aion&ll^ a, giok to tb^ rank of 
^mi'VovnJSf and ato pronounccrd with greii-t rapidibv^ 

(a) When unacceutvd iini pWin^ die pari^ uf belpiug vowdb, 
lia giblJi kursl / fnrm'yU a diair, "nndllm urVA //rr, iniilha th<ii 
ahe (for tbt- inure UKual 'unJihaT innftdi). 

(&) Wbcn bhi? proportitioD li, 1^, In to Forms, togetbor witb 
t\v} prouijuiiitji.1 r-utll^LiBi tlict itidirect cliJE:«t of fi v^'ili and remuiiir^ 
ui«u:(7erit4Ml, Hft ijal liihum (JW tbt mure unuiil qnl Idbi^in) hf aadi 
ti> thern. 

(r) la tht^ fir^ syllable or the purticiplee nad rerbal Douna of 
tlie Beo>uJ aud tliird fuina of bltu rerb, i4m moahaiya' ierutirtg, 

{'it la the first AjllAblu o£ ibu norii^t of verbs wbui^o Aeoond 
ind third Eudical Ictt^irs ore ideiiticAl. or wboAe middio nodical Lt 
MJ or y (g 1 &2), an yi'idd (or je*idd) he i-'innifi, teijul thou itiu^, 
yeabllu the'j tarry airtii/. 

{e) Whtiro tht*y do not dUappeor altogether aocording to tha 
rii)«« of contrActiou, as oa^ilkblza {(or mi'itkbza) hlamifi/. 

{/^ Wbun* a in folbjiiiH] bj lis buuiogf; luteins i:i)nr<4iKunL ir, un 
ihiiwaijB, Q /j///c» kiiwaiyis ^rt^fy (pmrtii^-JiUy ahwaiyo, Icwai^K). 

{'J) In II ftiu otbpi' wori]f4 aud f^yllibli^ wliodo uiuuninfc ui' 
|>osil.iijiL (mtuiidly uiUa for a hurntd prQDUiidntion, iis wo tiflwjL 
flju^ A', ft'S jfi ^jiJ ! look nut, ho\/.' ^mm. u'jlv '*"iKl)t tetir rn^f-ft 
[th» finnl sy|];ible being tniich &uipbiL«i :;«!)» 

9uibj:L<« ni %x\d i wuri> fiometiiri i^-- ^^'liiE^u nf »iid f in tb« jjIu^icbI 
tenpingp. A nnHve imedtic!LtcH,but upt^miijiti'd witli the letters 
&nd writing plioiit'ticullj't ^U omit tbe aiif m ^UL^b wtjrdfi Ae 
nhiifni hr Kiltie vtfi. In tneh noiinp n.« bubfir titeomfi\ «tnjin^, 
IcanOti fl/";«, writt4-n in the litei^ry langUHge with ahf, the a enn 
hitrdt)' bo ^lid io bu pronoLinced long ueJo^ tho wbolo wui d ia 
Ouipli4SE£txl, jiiid 19 geueisllj writbun in tliid work withojt Lha 
cirrurrxfiex- 

1 Thi« ftjlkbte U aometimw i^rorLOiUkOed mb tkft«r the litoi^i^r; 
diftlect. 



10 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OT fX>YCT 



]£ ] 5. T)iG Towel i, when uim^cMitod and long ^eiLher hy cAtun> 
tior hy ptiftition, ie eeldom very distinctly haii-J when the word 
in vihich it □ccurs eud£ in a loug closed udiI cuusequeutly ac- 
rpnlAi Kyllahtfi, oh in birftnn eartJisn bMPl, dirU dry flfyter (drtis), 

Tt occurd more freqi^ntly iLan ikny oth^ vavel oxcopt. 
[lerhapa, a iii tli(> cclloquUl liLuguiE^e, aud is iii luiuiy tiiT^uAtions 
imrdly disiingiiish&litji frinTn tbe btlping wiu'aE €. Iti the pf*e- 
fonafttrvt' i^yLJablj^B of the iLOri&f. jtnd in some forniN of pluiWU it 
leplctcea the KoniDi*; a, nt jiktib Ac jfri/efl, yiqft] (or y^qfil) A« 

Even bafore tU'O uonsoQiiTiT^ at the b^gianin^ of a word it 
h&s foiriotitnes only a luiiLTinLiin vulup, or it may fikll away olto- 
jtretttr nod reiippear between tb^m oh il helplDg fowel; f..^ 
(i)d<llnf i/ii-e Tre, (i)tJinldjiM jirafj / diri*tS flip nniie (for idri'tl), 
alrJitt butiotis (fi^ir iiiira, th* iiceent stiJl remaiiiitig on the seoood 
"-ylliililo), 5)n&ci /f^Vft (for isnin), imrSt or mirat *PiW, ilirfrj or 
IfUiq J'^rJi^ IbrSlilm or Bir^hLua,' IsiuiMn <»r Sioul'ln, IVrp 
r«rai^^ Iftl^mdn iji iifi^ for SikHmin wbpD it ii^ dcisir^d to 
lengthen or ^mph^iifi tLe w^nj, ai? vIietu calling oiiti of tbfll 
n^nic for tlii> a^cond ot third time; eiiuilEkrly Imbi^vka for 

Hew4Re.-— Short initi^il u ntore mi^y changes plnoas with 
tb^ iH>paa[|u.rit, but intionc^s ore not wanting, nfi Luq^Or (t.0, 
j] uq»ilr- il qii^Cir) Md c^fes, Liaw, u^bA* (f or ^ubl^ } ^^er J 

^ IG' Tb<* vuweb ui'e one And nil thic^kei' und mure ruti[idbd in 
Antlnc thmt tbey are in ntir btnguagto^* a fneLwbit'h ahotiW never 
bo forgotten by tboee who wittb to apeik willKnit iku Koglish 
40C«jit. Bat ttey will iicTpr rMj«ive their tiTu? colvuring luUeM 
Hoi coasoaaiils Enrtuiindin^ tlieru an» corret^ty prouuuijcwd. 
** Tnke (!air© of tha t'onw3n]mtH and tJie VtiweU will tulfo cars of 
UieRj9olTej/'*isan ^xcc-l lent piece of aJvieoif pniju^rly imdin-fltood ; 
ttud ib will bo foaad that tlio thickjkr^^A ur cuiLL|jitntL)Ve t!iiitite*:< 
of n vowtl depeodii to hhub exUiut uot only on Uhi rtmrioDftnt 



' Of, Ht^br. i'ti'* u&d e&i'&^ arm. Let^ (Hvbr. gnuii»J cit<« 

■f Jij BtnihEru ttii- T i>4 iiol iilwayH pn>rioi;iLC*icl Vctj mpi<lly, 
Abd M.*ijj {ill m^ UfUiiblLU i^ h^ibrd. 

> Ilf-br. «2W. 

< VfwiiU i&ru in Knjtlifij pruni^tincnd tnortt la tjip froui uf 
tb« month, in Cntmnn ArmM^r mor* in thu up^jhtr pMxt of Ujo 
tlitC«fc-(8 ) 

* TiOA i« ttiQ Njbotancs of BpittuV rornftrk. 



geot:bal remarks on the vowei^ ii 



immediately preceding or following it^ but upon the whole- 
weight or measure of the word, resulting from the convicting 
in£uencea of the consonante which it oontainB- Thus the voweU 
of a word, or even of a phnise, in which on© or more of the 
letters f, df a, z occur, will be pronounced heavily throughout 
unless the weaker consonants exert a contrary inSuenc^; and 
thia thej will only be able to do if not in immediate proximity 
to the stronger cmes. In the word HamQla nut {scrao), the first 
a is thtckf the v2 slightly so* while the final a scarcely feels the 
influence of the f at all; in bal^ axe^ both a's are thick, the 
first in spite of the b and l^ because by pronouncing it thick we 
can get the tongue more quickly into the position rfH|uired for 
the pronunciation of the f< The consonants which tend to 
resist the thick shading of the vowels are ^, ty A, d, z, 0, /, 

% 17. The following worda spelt in Arabic dictionarie^n with 
the dentals (, d, or the sibilants &, z,^ are pronounced in the 
dialect of Cairo with f, ^, f, or z, and are cited here in view of 
the effect which these consonants have upon the vowels, OA 
explained above. In some instances (marked with an asterisk) 
the value of the t and d ie nearer that of the English dentals 
than the Ai'abic palatals. It will be observed that an emphatic 
consonant, by acting on a whole word or phriise, is able to 
assimilate a dental or sibilant to its own cliiss ; also that the 
letter r, eapeoially when preceded by a long vowel, and the 
vowel a attract the emphatic conBoniLnt^; and Lastly, that ( is 
never immediately preceded by &, nor (on the other liand) d by s. 

t for (.— 

ikbtir* 

i^tanaf* 

'inta^ar'' 

ba^t^T^ 
tfir 

tar 



be bfwiJdered 


t&ratan 


som£time» 


choose 


t&za 


fre^h 


listen 


tarabeza (or 


table 


icait 


larabcza) 




slide 


turab (or 


duet 


vettgeanc^ 


turilb)« 




sort of drum 


tamar 


hear fruit 



^ ^includes theKotanio^A, andz the KomnicrfA, pronounced 
respectively z and s in Nahwy. 



So partic. mi^t^, &c 

So mukhtfir chotten, and ikhliyAr cfuncet otd maiu 

So qa(a^ if ^anf keep quiet. 

So partic. *muQlaiar, but mintizir. 

So tarrab to cover mth duel, and pass, ittarab, du. 



The 



13 



THE SPOKJBN ABABIO OF ECrPT 



Camr (or daiee 


l6r (but pi. 


02 


tamr) 


tiran)^ 




(umb^ {or Peniatiiobacco 


tfitft™ 


thorn apple 


tumbfik) 


tkb( (and pi 


basin 


(aiidif cleaning 


^bUt) 




*(aiif td ^ duating 


aa'tar 


thyme 


*^iirumbSta tamhourine 


fanfi 


ceniimein 


\% faurit ^Ae peM^o^ew^/^ 


ea^s 


voice 


funis (and eakieh rope 


9lt' 


repute 


pi. tawiliiis) 


Da(ar (or 


throw 


tftiyfir currfn^ 


•nAtar)* 





Tbe i used in tbe formation of the dual of feminineQ is par- 
tially assimilated to a palatal wben the i falls out^ as ^udf^n (for 
odit^u) ttco roomx, *fuf^n tioo towels (for fH^t^n); also in the 
first and second poison singular and second person plural , and 
even in the third person torn, singular of the past tense of 
verbs vhose final radical is f or ^^ as ''gbulutt ^ made a mia/akef 
**aiyatit she wept. Indeed it would hardly be possible to pronounce 
it otherwise without a pause between tbe two sjRables- In 
** heavy " words forming their plurals in Sf the final t ie neces- 
sarily pronounced thick, and in t^if atps, its conversion to the 
palatal ie complete^ 



verba are more conveniently translated by the infinitive, though 
they are quoted in the third person singular of tbe past tense. 
Where the aorist is not mentioned it also, as a rule, ba8 tbe 
thick consonant. 

^ The d beifig at the end of the word does not exert so strong 
an inQuence on the initial t as it does in t^ndlf . Note that ^ 
and ; do not affect the dental in the same degree as f and d ; 
thus we say tan^ir (not (an^tr) baptiaj>t ; nor does f usually 
infiuenoe s and ^ unless in close proximity to them. 

^ The effect of the r being counteracted by the long final 
syllable and tbe short i of the first. 

^ So ^uwat shfiut, ic. 

* So fai^it, missaiyaf reputed. 

^ So mantfir angry. We say nafaru 'ala ^Ql dira^u he thru»t 
it an arm'n ieniftk off, but *na^ru fi 1 ard he threw ii fm the 
ground. 



GENERAL REMARKS ON THE TOWELS 



13 



4ityrd:— 








b£rfldi 


gutipotcder 


didd (or 


uyaii^st 


bardu^ 


also 


■ didd)* 




bad£ra^ 


yiitng hens 


dufda'" 


/roga 


ghftdd&r* 


trttocherow 


dabJag 


toroU 


iFtidiebfir (or 


e^fwn 


diLFfdaiiwar^ 


to turn 


l^idftahar) 




^l' 


bmt 


darb (and 


atre^t 


i-adiwa 


LadneM 


pi. durdb) 




5aiy4d, 


Jiahei-inan 


dabbQr (ateo 


hornet 


scyad 




dabbOr) 




^adar 


proceed 


darfa (or 


Uaf of Khailer 


'afllda (or 


toup o/Jhur 


" darfa) 


or door 


'a^fda) 




darm 


udder 


qu^ 


opposite 


diua 


mai^ 


mabmd 


fiie 


durra (or 


pat-Tot 


namrlid (but 


tyrant 


durra) 




pi. na- 




daftAr 


by your leave 


marda) 





In ^udiif to t^nte, tbe d£] is very thicki and ifi the aorisl 
yiedaf practically d^ the ^ being changed to 41 in conformity with 
the rule stated above. 

London becomes Lundora or Landura (or Lundra). 

f for »: — 



a9t&l>l 


itlabie 


bu^t (and 


carpet 


aflae 


satin 


pi. ib^ita) 




a«&r 


impreu 


buniii^ (p\. 


cloak 


i^marr^ 


t/et brovfn 


barftol^) 




u^^ 


master 


ba^ta 


gfep 


ba^t^ 


rpreaii oat 


Baiu? 


Paul 



^ So barQda yun (but also barUda). 

- But more generally bardu. 

^ but lingular bidrlya. 

* So magbdUr deceived^ but generally ghadar he deceived. 

^ 80 diddfyat aniino^tieny though diddtya in the singular on 
account of the thin a after y. 

" In the dictionaries dufda*. 

^ So di)r turn. Dar^ d^c.^are often pronounced with d; wv 
uy in mkr darit the fire i^ieatif id darbe ditr biotra felt thick; 
though dar when it etanda alone. 

^ So afmar Ifroum^ &c-f but mismlrr '_/ettin{/ hroien, brmcnish. 

' And derivatives inbi^iat he pleased, inbi^^ pleuRtire, ^Vc-, 
but baflit gimple* The^e words are all also pronounced with «. 



^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^I^^^^^^^^I^^^^H 


■ U THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYtT ^H 


^K^^ bft^tawtyu roil fj stuff 


Qfthr^' ilimu-j up ut ^^H 


^^^^^L httft Yfeti jM'Ti 


^^^1 


^^^V bftfiai'uiu ttrial n^oai 


if ^uiil}; ia Jiva jiu^ ^^^M 


^V bu^Jk 2xj4 


^Mih (but fjL- in/urxx ^^^U 


^H btii[4Uiuj]it i/mcaita 


juji'- ymi) ^^^M 


^H (iihukIIj) 


^gar,^^hTH tfMtt, >i trea ^M 


^^^^ bullf jH/it'i'it 


i^^^jL^t^ tifkHjiiit H 


^^H tt«ft J«<c/ 


f&t^'^ ttr i-uie hncjt H 


^^^^B t&fA 'tJ c/jfidJ 


>ulA['iLtig rhfW ^^^H 


^V Di^t tu ulrike 


^t^l fH/uriiio/e ^^^1 


^H gbti^u^ (juid i</ i/i(^ 


^tJ bucket ^^^H 


^H deiivA- 


ffttA(midde' io attack ^^^H 


^1 XAV»S) 


rivuttvtw) ^^^1 


^M l>amf ^ 'u ^^fv^ 


falUt, ^c ituHte ^^^H 


^^^H ttOqr&V pit^ 


i^l^h to jiPtOitth ^^^U 


^^^M butfCuu ift'B- /lo' i/a^ an 


i^^l^u.^K^'^ U umrifheniH'jt fl 


^^^^ quentlj' mtfTith <i/ 


^m 


^M uUu Lu- BaSjta 


fAktA {tn* vo/cj'/ ^^^^ 


■ Bl\m)'' 


S4da^i ^^^1 


^1 r^(^'L ^u«)' ''»i^ 


9ftIU&f> (be tft Ktiid ^^^M 


^B rafh^ (uml A'jWj 


^mlai'jt tw/t ^^^U 


^1 derivb- 


^ndarus t<arrn''k ^^^K 


^1 Uvon; 


(luiitti ttfjt-t v/ hitiT ^M 


^H ^iDv nhojtjrer 


r>4uiEiiJU' (ut- ^4/ na^ ^/irrcrn H 


^M fiLkli^it^ rnnie 


iulI]^)^'' ■ 


^1 fUT "^ tv eiie&r 


famfut', ^, mu^th with H 


^M |Uib ' /aTJ 


«(inJ/raprr H 


^1 f^f^ ptUttai 


tftbUV MMcin niiuCiai ^^^M 


^M ^bft* fo Aurry 


^1 


^^ 1 So t^^t puori/iafti il Mftl^rJltii Cairo, Jkc ^^^M 


^M ■ So lUiAffiJ rvyrW. J£<\ ^^^^ 


^^^H * Thoujfb d^ubk^ [ti^ form b^^tm&t. ^^^^ 


^^^^1 * Uut riauiil capiCiti, iivubiuil O'V''^'^ capitaJ, Jec ^^^H 


^^^^B * fiu iTio^kJii^t rurwr/ irif^f ir^'ne, Ai', ^^^H 


^^^^1 * Ho eun'ir j<'i/^, mu^j'Orji'yt'Ji-', liut iLbfdrr4lyvyj; ^^^| 


^^^^P ^^^H 


^^^^K .'ii\ ^K., i'j nt »p. ^^^H 


^^^^K * ^t>tMUi4i.lj.i ,t'i'a<iJigrv,\iii% ninii^t dthauchM. ^^^H 




^^^^V U isu 4UiiTUial^ ui' UiltEilJhl' llUii, ^^^H 



GEKEBAIi REMARKS ON THE VOWELS 



15 



siiD^ (or 


broker 


fag^ar 


explain 


etms&r) 




£Lti^(aiidde- 


bekiUed 


fiunanL 


JuJt-hoof.- 


livfttives) 




flOt 


la^i 


fiDt£4 


ci^em 


»6gari 


inwre 


qamof 


be chilled 


ffLra 


chapter of 


qa^mt, Jcc. 


divide 




Koran 


qiflt 


pitdiffr 


Bur- 


reiru 


kbarafan 


sttfnee broken 


fufra (or 


/o&fe 




snuUl 


Bufrft),ic. 




khalbAf*^ 


to tie 


flukkar (or 


tfiHfor 


khuru^ ^ 


he dumb 


aukkor),^ 


. 


kbugur ^ 


be spoilt 


jiiHAn!yft(OT 


haain 


l&UWOf^ 


bespatter 


sultAntjft 




mMi^'* 


pipe 


fluqut* 


to fall 




buffoonery 


'Afalla 


may H 


BfighOfl (pL 


large bell 


'ar11?a> 


bride 


naw4ghl?) 




'iti^, &c, 


to sneeze 


numrllL^t (or 


dealer in Mnoj 


'u^ftn 


Osmaii 


numrflat " 


lampSy ^c. 


fonf* 


mare 


warti wurt *' 


middle 


^ f or B ; — 








almaz (alm&a) diasnond 


bft^bftrt 


poioport 


At%t 


tailless 


bazramit 


mongrel 


izxsjitar 


get morose 


Uza 


freeli 


it'ftntaz 


be arrogant 


t&rab£za (or 


table 


iraaflnt 


to dip 


tamb€ea) 




izzarbin 


vtorm of 


(uzztnft 


dozen 



^ But BukurtAJi insuraiHfe. 

^ So ^aqt viiscarriage^ Quqqfi^ i^oor-/a£cA, &m. 

' But 'aria bridegroom. 

* But faris horseman. 
« So khalbil^ Itar. 

^ So ikhraf, khur^ dttmbf ibc^, but occaRionallj;' we hoar 
kburui;, Jcc. 

^ And derivatives khA^aD ^ilt^ kbugSra l<fsst pit^t Jrc, 
^ Literary lauwatba. 

* So dual m^urton, but pi. mawislr. 
i» With verb itma^khar, &c. 

^^ Pi. namarsa. 

u So itw&HaV intervene, wu|fani middle^ kc 



^^^^^^^B3 


Ifi THE SPOKTIN ARADIC OF EOVFr ^| 


tUKCQ Bahih jto'iiifiuK 


iaXLi^, ikc. tffrj/' 1 


X\}t liuttochit 


ziljit fffotttf ;u(*i- 1 


gum^ (gaj'UEj btftf 


TM«ni 1 


gomr' io bi/fciicf 


tumbulttu ^/^fd 1 


gaiJir tarrtVif 


^jimmdE, 1^0 /iZa;/ on l4 1 


^mbae r/f^oJ ^/t /h^wj 


T€0d ^^H 


gumb&i ^viJiOiUteii 


Eamnwl tiijhten ^^| 


goEuoT 6cr rutf'y 


uhr, Euliiir'' Jtowsrf ^^| 


giuslrb' kinti n/ eyt- 


^ora *" a c/^A:('Hjf ^^H 


I of ion 


zAr rUrrt'it ^^H 


(lAzzCim' "tori/. liiW" 


zdr /orcf ^^H 


eauwar* forge^ teif /'&* 


'orisa petiii&H ^^H 


fofoj'^ /a^, r/rcojie 


fikzar, &iL ^rsf ^^H 


l&r* ii' rnut' 


faD^&i'^ make i^ispLa'j ^^| 


x&f f moAti merrff 


forart, fai^izS 0/ fmr-jiwiM ^^| 


Mba( mw^ 


khoraxEhQ (gr ca'ic ^^H 


^^fa'bit ttWfri^BR doak 


kbaw^) ^^f 


^^ft^^tar M^nu 


laKh&r noliftje oj Kl 1 


^^Hf^^foraiv floj^ron 


,^r^ar ^J 


^^^Eigar giarc 


kjtlu pittptp ^^H 


^^aghrat* thribkjivtiijtjy 


uiu^zOr^^ irj:ftin&i^ eXd^uc- ^^1 


■Bgii^ ttenlloie 


abl^ 1 


faq(A^ frtr tn Ai;;A 


uiikziuur ft^AJ ^^fl 


*yir/(< 


iiiju;ar» ■■ utitnd for air ^^| 


nQd ii few otliers. ^ 


Kbma&i. — It vill ba obaerv^ UiaI u final loug eyllbble. 


bttki-in^ u6 ic wt^i-o mocitof tbts weigbi of iLo uurd, t<jiida tb ohttrk 


ibo l|iiok<!iiiL»g Lif bho confioo&iitd of tpbe otkei' a^lLtbltrA. 


1 80 gTbizui' ffufrA^r and other derivritiT^s, but no fraquetiUy 


bttftr i^JULFf irc.f find (ulwa^ jiiigizir, Ate. 

^ But ^inftiri ui^6^iK. * ^ 


^ But ))i&23Ar or I^&luu' ^/ yutvu. Children tt^j luuutok. ^^H 


• ^Q tin ftihe. but tAiwlr/im^inj;, ^^H 


^ ^k) auffar, ^c, but iilir grta^. ^^H 


^ Aud (DOAt derivifctWfe. bub eIjIm or Uj^ira ci4*ifA* ^^H 


^ tio xS(a otfue. ^^^| 


> And MDbMbu.tiUv4> tuf^lirftt", 3fa ^^H 


V But duuUi^ |il. EuiQrjtt, nud suhrlvu ajlowtr VfUc ^^f 


1" ^v yi/.wiu hn <:/njf,rj',\jMi AiVit Atf cAtfW.ftlul aurlUfJWrvi^. 1 


" )Av i]in\tk^[^'tk paroiit. ^J 


^' But *tUT 'a'-FMlC. ^^1 


^^ '* Aiihotjgb lit (an tatiAtnjUkr) U itMlf prnoKniDOid «ith i. ^^M 



GENERAL BEMARKS ON THE VOWEIS 



17 



g 13. On the othor hood, a fev vords written in the litemry 
language with a palatAl or hard £ibi]aQt are pronounced with 
the correBponding softer consonant : — 



i for fj- 

tangatu 
tarram 

tatrat 



saucepan 
break the teelh^ 
embroider 



tuzluk (pL 
tiialik) 
turn&U^ 



tjaiter 



ton 



In mabsiL^ t^onUnt, the t is sometimeB pronouncod as a 
dentaJ, and in (ai^ib good, it resembles the English t. 

d loT 4.— 

daq* 
dire (pi. 
dirtis) 
dildk, ^. 

« f or fl .' — 

sabagh* 

saqal, &c 

samgh, &c. 

^Jik 

aadaq^ 

bSt (usually^) 

ddgh 

fiifr 

aiqi* 



qaxftra (also qai^&ra) jUih 



saqqaf 
z for f .- — 



he narroiP 


dufda* 


frogs 


nutlar tooth 


madaghf na- 
dagh 


iiiastKoUj cJteK 


Jaugh 




dye 


Eandllq 


box 


poluh 


sngh^ 


toork in gold 


gum 


BiigbS 


sound 


strike 


sidr» 


breast 


speak tnte 


siq&lA(Ita].) 


scaffolding 


become 


simikh 


ttrifice {(^ ear) 


cheek 


siaebar {ov 
^ingbar) 


fir 


cipher^ blew 




be cold 


sfll (Turkish) 


loarrant-offker 


desert 


misfirr^^ 


turned yeUoic 


elap the hands 







Of a serpent. 

But more usually t^u^&ta^ 

And derivatives daiyaq nari-ou!, Jec. 

60 sabbflgh dyer^ &c. 

So sadlq true, &c. 

So Faq^a froai, soq^in frosty. 

60 elgha, ma^ghj Jewellery. 
^ As in sogh eallm safe and sound, qirahe b&gh a tarif piastre. 
* So siderl vjaietcoai. 
^° Though affar yeUow. 



te 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



PRONUNCTATJOK OP THE CONSONANTS 

ji 19. £ id pronounced a Jittle thicker thjia in English ; tt.g, 
bfiiA heiweeTii gflb he brouitht . Jih aX tlie bqJ of u word lippiouc^tw. 
the sound of np^ tt3 in wjihfnnlfr 

t and f^ iki-ij uiofo dontJil thikn they nrfi in our Lmguag?, ^lo^ 
akin to, if not identic^] with, the Itallau, Spanij^L, rt,nd Oeltitr 
deLtbils. The tougu^ a}i(>ii]il \^^ l]ixjU|:ht welt u^aiutHt Lhe front 
teeth and <juickty wilfadiiiwii ; sf/. uu-jk ^ii Jf/iiit, hirid (^row 
CiAd. i occasiooaU^^ ^ouad^ &£ d at tho end of & ^jllabLo, rut 
kodba leritiriff it (For katpbu, coittmctod from k&tibu), knoid it 
uag [for kinitn), jitlba' At /oi/ttHtt (for yiilm*^, il hid ita jAw 
Jiou^ (for il biit du, U bit d»)j l^ndi-id if cihit /ij'« //^iifyur </'« 
o^C'sr. Ou tho other hand, </ bounds as £ iu thkf aui-i^t of muiy 
verba whose pu^i laiis^ \n^m& witli i^, especiA-Uy wh^u tho 
iiiidditt L^omsfinn-iit h /, tu dibik l\iwjh, daf;L' ^ci^, dofun ^rrrj/, 
aur,, yidj^k. yidfa^, yid^ (pronounce jitl^, ^^-)', s^uhhii^i 
teiittQ^jfw, geiitiruUy eoundi^flhubb&t. 

f ifl & fitcoog paUlal. The toiiguei \t, made convex biid 
bnni^ht sharply Hgninfit the jiaktfi. THOwrurdH fhe xniddlit; ff.^. 
lib it&':tfji\6 icdl, ftj^ fr>ifr« ; M a. linu.1 it ^uuifeftLmeii tioundj* itH ^, 
afl yidbukb Ac ryufef (for yitbukh). 

57 fiuuntlb \«iy lULKih iia Uiti bai'd (/ m the Kii^liab woi'd ^^ 
The tongiuj i^liuuJd htnko high nbout the uppur row of teeth; 

gh is p^rhapi:} ideotioid with tha NorthmubrijLU r, and w 
nearly eqaivaJ(*Qi> to the PiuverK.uL r ijiunftfje, lUf uviiU litM 
along the b&ck [tart of tht^ Lungue, the tip ot whith Umrhtis tho 
bottom ni l\h> Jowi^ row of iht: front tootb, whi^e the ooiitru ie 

/f is the En^liah A, hut la moi'v ilibUnclly prDumjiictTdT tlid 
lips bettig well open^l. It Id aln-ii]('ii sout^dfHl w}][it.t^^^er tbt |KUi- 
tioQ in tho word, na in hunib hv, cLfhatu / uniier'st*in'tj tintitth (o 
call ; thougb betW1^ta two Towelb it is aometiiQe^ luthL^r tdorvidy 
prcuouaced, ae abt'hadtii hit tfritim^c [almttst hb:LJtii)- 

jy Lv b fcKjcKjtli but vi^ry btmn^ guUurjJ iki^mitu (s^ee remiU'kM 
uiidtir ')h A portion uf tiio bruuth 1^ force^L with Minio riohsiioo 
tbitjogh tbe no^tribi' ; ^.'j- \}^'^a thiH'j^ bttWb U-.i/fj. 

' ^pittAL 4ji^n thni 4 ^Uuit a (<jf tbc UE^tmts i-f jv /urfico 
fajhiikhl) \f. iuKiirujd bi-r.wi.«u * or J and { (thii-i -ii*t, ril*l>), 
but this Appnira lo bn th# nriA? ooty whoA thi> 'tyllibMo in obi- 
pbfh«JKnJ ftud diwti out, HLIj ttlid ruh i:h& Itolh be pronouii(>J 
purely. 



phonttxctation of the consonants 



19 



ti tg, liko ff a stroTifj; pnlrvtriil. Tlie tongue \s pbict»d hi^]j 
above t.Le u^rper row of front beeth, the tip ciu-led u^wju-iia 
AgjiiQ^t irhu palate, ltd peculiikdj aliucf^ ejipli>hhti kotJDLl, Mf 
dijficult to oujuire, is les^ miLikeO in Ouiiii thiin auioEig the 
Amb« of the dc^-rt; c^. d£f ^i« a^lded^ l^ir r'wi^, 'aiI>I f'j 
hitc. 

r ifi pruiiummml luure atroiLgl;^ iind more Furw^^rd iii t>h« 
OiOUth Chau ill EQ^Iiidi, jiod ofiJy v^ry t^ightlv trillGJt if 4t all 
Lt is blvTAys toujiilei) JiafiiicU}' ituj with itt^ Eul] viklue, ivhorufor 
its pow^ou ; r,y. ngt yi/"^ lianu' i/rtHiu.vc, 

la yitkur Ac mt-f/firy^)!, j^^'o/i' «'e/^ of, and h few or.hwr words, it 
souikdo aa A f 16 a Tory ctroQg e, -pariakiiifs of t^io TiAturo of u 
pftklaL It IE prouoonccd bt the bode ijf the niouth, aod tht 
Ijraath is <-ipelW with cotiM^l umble force ; «j/. jJilini r'pjt'e^tor. 

t be in K(U, but rathei' iuor# formird in the EuouT.li ; t.^. hiia 
ite^Vtl. At the end of H svllnblE! it ifi often enunded uo «, tie Ui 
Uie woida i^ma' 1 /^mr / uiJtodi'jil hlfjtftv'f, maekdu inJiobiftfif, \j\a\nk 

if/i AA, in Eof Itt^b ; n^/- sbatrb yo^ih, iiUub TfntsUa, Jt gmier- 
jilJy rtijj-t^aents tbii TuikisJi ^<-A In worda boiTowed fi-oai bJial 
liLiif^uago, In Lbo furt^ifrii %vonib ithakk. rAer/u^, ti}jiLki?LLi Jartirt 
(aluo pif>nounced iJikatta. Jtnd gaketUi), :md (K."Cflaio*mlty hi iIm» 
wtird mui^h riuf, if in notj it bat the Houad of if* or Kogiulj gfi iu 
j/Iamtirt , 

^ ii iL vary ulnnkg bibilituTj proiioatit^ei wt?L Imok in the inoulb. 
The tJringiie shonkL br^ held tight, sa to speak, umi the tip pr^xUf^j 
u^iu^t tho i[>vrer l^rout teeth- It often soonda it^ ;, Ui in 
f|a»d niUeiUknit u^buf t iwi/ J ^u^ruyAT ^ao/I (pi-oDQuace optioLudly 

* iri u strong ^ttmuL of the sunie nRttire lu fj, and jteculiar to 
bhs SemitU- loLgUAgoi^i but is nob quitn lio :Jtri>ii^]y iLi-ticulatc^i 
iji Uaireub a^ in comr otbot' Ambii: didWtd ; ^ r-,i;. 'eu «j/ri 




^ It* ei3Ct ijojind 111 L-oojinii'tion with th« different vo^'wU 
can only be at^uited by pniftirv. 'VUg fr>]Iovniig ileiitTipbic^u oJ 
' mad A LA givFTii by Mux MoIItm' fru[ti (.'^rnniLk. " If thir i^lottia 
\a nnrrow^l atid Uip vocal ohord^ brntiglit iien-r f'^^^tlier, not, 
limveMrt, iu a ^ireigbt paraltel position, but diKtinctly itutchvil 
in tliu uiiddh^, whilo nt the ^ima ihjic the epi^hiLlu^ U proKjiid 
down, tJien ibt; Atr«iim of bre»tL in pck-'t'^J]]^ il.>k3Uiiji'A the cUllt- 
lu^tur uT Ihif AriLbic hbii (/), rL.>< di^tiugUL^bed fn^m /i» f.be .^pJritUiK 
a^per. If tbi^ bhu i» iii^idH Hoiuint it be(?omoTf *\*i\i. ^^Urtihg 
from the oonii^uiiitkon iw dc^^ribed foi' hhai all (hi^t tokca piMM 



20 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



btV io teiL SomedineB it ie biLrvly audible, ua m tbc tumoral 
"isliilii tittruttf, ov in Uie expi'pf'oioii, 'flbnl ma yigi until he comwi 
nnd it has fQHen mit allo^ethi^r fruui ihe niunemls betweeo 10 
iiT}tI 20, and from b few [)t}n*r wui'da, ub liesji* titiU [tor li e tA*a), 
bid 'aniiftk/ffr ic it ffom ,tfo« (for bMd). 

/ ae ill Bii^Kftb, except Ix^fLire d, i, ^, a, gfi, «]td p, wbea it 
npiprfinehts very q&w Io tlip Miudd of if. as in yifiTuli Afl di»jfa/'a, 
jifdft! //fl r^mfiiris, khifda the Vinee! i, j-ifza* /fc fi'MotiBf meljufa 
ryrwrrr«m''^^V, Iftffi riorri/, yifahokh ht cut^ in two, jiffftt ha txplaina 
(prouounce jivrjub- ifcc). 

5. Thp depp gntiuml A-soiind of tJiis letter is often htard 
even in con voi-wi lion, eiipeciully wht^re the wcrdp iti which it 
oci^iLi'9 &r^ becbtjiciil t^rmA, or deiiobe religiaua objects, 01^ M-e as 
i\ rule roiiHiied U» tilii9 lit^rair Uifi^uiige. Tbt^rt^ itm atill, pei b»ps, 
a fe^v of the liighi>r and learned olass who ndnjit no othei- pro- 
nuBcintioLL, fttid bho for«igr;cr i?ho adopts it will pasi^ with tba 
mor^s for a luan of ^rcal erudition- la the word^ Qur'aa KcraUf 
(jftTtJilj^ liii'ti^iory, qitV*' (wher** e<piivHleiit to heanza), k-W cksses 
give it tlie aiitHiTHL touiid ; but ita usual vAlue, whiLtex'vr its 
poflitiob in lh« word, \^ n strong biatiiB, siich Ad ia gononUly 
hefti'd before ^onla begiutuug witb a vi^wet in Geroiun, i>i' in 
the Freiidi wm-d ha^ii. Tbe " educAt^d '* q in (he Knglivh ^ 
without itri 11/ itnd it, while ttie muscles of Lha tbrout ure tctUl 
(-rjmpn^fised pt'epiirtiloty to ita vcN^alimition, ih ^implo vowol fiound 
unly i* iillciwed t*: w^tjijh:-* tbo vnluti uf tht s[»irilu* 1/, as beai^J At 
the beginning of a sylliible, will be oljtftined, Wben it oocnrh at 
tbe end of a ayllii-ble the muscles ire placed in position for th& 
full q sound, but almost iumodtatoly rolo&fied : ^.^j. q^ to eaij^ 
fiq t't a^rake. It luny of course be doubled likcr any othw 
L^ooKomiiit. Between two vowels it is liable to be slovi^nly 
pronounced Eind reduced to the value of a weak qa^a, ixs in 
f^qnt 'rrtiy, doq&'iq viMHiUs, laqet / foitit't, baqcit / reaiairiedj 
yeqfiin he f/'-tn up. Bi qftdde eh? bi/ lioio mu^/i f liecomes 

in order to change it into 'aiu i«» that thn riiufl of the npei"tui'» 
left open fur hha are brought clo» together, so that the etl'oani 
of air fitrikJng ^gn-iit^t them DbUftes a vibration on ihe fi?)sunL 
lariLDgeiL, Ehnd not, a^ for other «onaut letters, in the real 
gbttifl," 

' Cf, flaa ( = fi i.'i fei'a) at <>rk'e, in Af^riar>- 

^ Qamfirt, bowbver. lb albu prenonnceii ^itli tbe aepirate; 
(jiir'An very rarfcly. Tlie woi-d qxt'a is only known to those whd 
bnve )hx-t) to bc^LooI, nhei^ of eonr^e only the guttural ^und \6 
luJmilted ^t 1et«Kin^. 



PEONUNCIATION OF THE CONSOITANIS 



2t 



A cniLsunart sometimes souniis (ihnost. its 4, fix In itklumiijl / 

Keuark, — The tmrJ r;r-Botiad of this Istter, flofcctinieu boftnl 
m Okiro, if. pecfiliru- to uiitivea of U}»pei' Btrypt and sotud other- 
poJl* of the «nmtry, ivnd imist not Iw imirAT*il-*' 

* is pOThnpi slightly ftSpiiot^. The t/iopue should touch 
th<* roof of the mouth jLiid not he too h^bi^tilv wilnhdrAwu » f^-j. 
kiu fie frrfii. Ilk ii* tiifK. Btifuru A nnd it, luiil fiuia^tiiueb at thi^ 
V^d oF n syll»ble, it^ ^niind iipprnfi(?hes thut of ;?, ns in ahuwiiij^ 
kWr *yroifWi<if titr;^^ ytkdih //g tirt, 

kh a,A rA m Scatch iFi>i--Ap The vocal choTfla ar& cntnpreswJ 
dUiJ the iNLck part trf ihe toDgde iii-uhpd; *.;/. kWid /*cJ touk, 
alcbklh timtfinr. 

lenxindE mudinE in (rDnnan, more liqtiH, trilled, oivd erapbAtic 
thftn in English; e^g, \i-\ flight, kolh J'j;^ The doublo f m 
AUAh tVw/, is vt-r^ stiunglj prcmouuced, 

m lis in KnglUh^ hut iir^iiAlly morn oinpha.tnc Ht the heginDiog 
of n eylLible' ; cf/. moijn tmM^j MAiy&ni Mniff. 

/f. and gi?(ieml]^' Itt^fonv /, It r»ujkdi4 n» n. nh in ^ahhn hi* fvlr, 
TiiiD bn.'d ii/f'/r, iriAQfOkh ItUnpH (pi'auoui^i^ j^nnihii, ^,).' 
Wbfiu fl^ Dct'ui' to^^'uthor, \\i^y ujo pronouDtcd us lti Eiif^h^j 
ritm, a,^ ill )in)^al^ h6 retv/iYM, ^M ou' tj/ at d'£kidfy, sifiD^ 

*p as ic Eiigli-^h, except thnl its cluUwAeT ftA ft Mmi-vowoJ I* 
mure appiront. it ifl prunomipod nlinost iB to at tho end uf a 
Wt>rd, Of- dilw fraeJiH (pluiJjuii<:D uljiiust dilQ),' Widb ii It fi»rm» 
tliii (iipbthoiig aa, an iu liiitUniteii (fur hiiUnwt-Mi cOEiM'iU'i'^J from 
luittdvfitttu) tiTi' iodt-en nf nmrnf brvdii^ diiuftib (for An \st* iIUj) 
tfii* and fltett, yuultya (yuvriija for ja willjji) O /Wy/ it Ls 
froJU itA nature htxjuciilly LiitfrcIiAu^ed wiUj U> 

jr d^ighUy WEijiker Tjhjiii in English, Tu true vultie seemft U* 



■ Thcj wvi^ id ootitnactdU to t^^at&ti, thcu U> V^^^^t i^^d 
Uie qikt'ji ouQvurlied to it. 

> It i« H vEiL-y old proniinditticiti ; the lUbybtil&D diikleot wu 
4i*tirtgutflh«d from tb« Auymu ab far tdkck •& ac- S&OO by 
ptcnDunoii)^ 9 a* 'A — (5.) 

■ Somo wotila scexu 10 be moru wflily prcnuiuiotM] whea n 
i*ebainjt iut vulue iWont/tluui when il bos UiuC of my %» mnnfflp 
(iwit nmmfClai) ^'(j/ou*, a^y/^. 

' It bOBTh tb(T fwrau rehition Ijj u ibat y dooa to • Or to q&t^n 
iu Buch 4 word u tifAt:^o itiauct) t/ieiUre. 



22 



THK SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



Ud hdfwiiy between y CLcd qflfa ; ^ t.g. yi'oiil he maJifJSt hnijak 
how ar-- ^va f hahA\\m caHiCf gay cfjiujuj. 

g 20. Oare innst be token to " iinUh " tiie mnsonatilB, that is, 
to f^ive i^oh of tbum its £ull value. OvcaeiDr^ly tho fir?t uif two 
<H>n''crulive coofri^iiuiita ia dirjppod bt^foro it i& qiLitc cfjuiplet^ ; 
but Ibi- bubit of hutrym^ fi\>m one It^ttur Ui iitiutLer, to wUich 
VQ are »c:f!u^ainBd, H quita fltranga to an OnnnE&k lan^nn-ge. 
Until bo Ptiilifteri tlu«T the foreignei- will buve difficulty ia xnaldng 
himself uiiile['BUH>d, bovdTer good bia pranunci&taau moiy bo in 

THE HIATTTS (qat'») 

521. Tb(* Arabs COD aider, and CO <loiibl, ngbt.ly, Ibfit no syllable 
riiQ b^giiL Wifilt n vowel ; but Uih bjTLtu^ (iir fijth-ihm frriif<}, wh'wh 
they Hny prufedus it, only become* perceptible before f^ vowel 
immediAl^y fullowin;^ a cloacl jiyllubk*, or after an open syliablfc 
It la oklled qat'ih a j'ierg rnf qjf. or(le^fr commonly), baujin txnu- 
jrr^tffln, anil in the nbnvp-mpntiiJriKl |K*itinns is iitt wisily dis- 
linyuUbfld from tbe CJniren^ pronunoiation of q. That it has 
the valneof acoincinant is shown by the fact that, wben foIloMnng 
II dosed ^ylll^bIe in tbe amuo word, it throws thii aocRut on the 
vowel vhicb it inti-odiipe* (§ 39, /'.), as in thfl wohj Tuns'iUn 
^ueation, and that the helping vowel d may stand betwofii the 
iaat two consonant? of onfi word and thp (apparently) iuitia! 
vowel of tlie next, a5 in quiiitt; ana / yit itf ^ tiiat it ia weB.kftr 
than q follows iroitt the riroumiitJince thai it is mnptantiy elided^ 
as qntnt fuui (pponounoe qum-tana), w awi anJ / (for we anal 
tto,, beaidett hiring wholly diaappeiired from nvtny wurds. It 
i^fiierimeB dot^tu n syllable cr eren follows a eOQFnnant, in bnlh 
of wbiuh raiSM it hna the value of a we/ik 't^, as in ititt*ni.r 
tif'/'^ai, ^us' /-a^/. It ie ofton pronoancn.'d with the loiut pu-^-tiible 
txvi'tioii, and there a a teudt^ncy to drop il altogetbei' at tho end 
of a ayllAbla.^ 

DOrBLE CONSONASTO 

g 22. Thft Antlie am »iid U> bu unable Xo pi-onoimo^ two eou- 
KOCftnCft lit thp he^nnm^ of a f^yllablo without the h«lp of & 
vowol. and thi^rofore, whore they owar to^othOT in foreign wordi, 
tbej dntAch ihem by pWiiiic a «hurt i qi t nitlif i before or atlet 

* With wbJdh it h oft4*n inlerehnngpd- 

' <jii(*A i«&ot, nau rtdv. |irinted in Uiid W4>rk before the vowoU 
»C the brginning of a wotd, bai iXa iircaduu (duaI not be f urgott^u. 



DOUBLE CONSONANTS 



S3 



th* firrt, us iri'Liii^, or Flnnsa ' (m' F(»vrtiifiu) Finn^f^ ifmnk (or 
fcrank) fi^tnk^ hvtiWiQ firt^t {itikL |jriiiio), sitiDg (iBlitip)fl;^Mpftyriiij 
but the iialiivpB tyi L*i»iro often pi-occmncc /*r, j7r, /r, kr, ihuil v'. "* 
ill kniijih rjii't<'"^r. in^llz K'lsfUiHij iK.^ iifftrly tts ^ve o«i dfi ii«p- 
helvffA wiihmit tK*> inrervention of a helping vowel, ^ 

5 23, Wlicn ft word cot fnllowtil iinmodia.t*>lj bynnothoronda 
III Lw" cnnsiiiiania which caiiDot be proaouuced conjiocutivolj, a 
«au"c*ely audible vowel sound appeftrs between tb*> two, or (ift*r 
the eecondj a^ in til>"n * (or Jees frwjueiitW Xihti") itratt^ -luh*! 
i/avn, ' in tbta position cmi^ee the pn^t^ediDg coasoiiaQt to be 
pc}Undi9d verj elinrpl^t wliil^ it baa but littio Tolue iUwlf,^ ra id 

S 24, l^he doubling of & particubu* confon&tit ia i^l^d by 
fbe Anibs tiifihdtd {eiTvn'jt}itnit''i)t »Bd may be either nflf^jw^ir^, 
iiH bfinjr rpfjuiri-d by tlie lilnitiure of the word ilsplf, ai^ in 
ffthhim to trttttv ^^ umiersfnwf (fr»iir» fibini ff fin'lTSfantl), fikk 
/w tinfie ,' or nifft'w/iV, n* bwitig «hii* lf» asBimilntian of one UtUr to 
nitoUjer, ita ish nli&iuft f/i^ Fi&n fr>r i| ^h'kiii'^). 

HtUAHK ci. — ObHt-riti tltiit llje tiiuU coasonHiit of bbe words 
nhh^ fnttfr, iikhUh hrf)fher. "liimm Uli'Ofi, fiimm tumifh^ and v^w^d* 
h'trtft, in hiit^l^ in tho lit<tmry lAn^ua|Te nnd doubled in the 
rolUM]iiitilh In the construct form the tiro foimcr rvct^^ however, 
n\i[i, akhO, not nbbfi. Jikbkha (^ ]'21). Thus wn ^.ly "^^>^ ^^" ' 
vln^fi fnthps-l il flkhklie dib f/uji Aro^W, but «bllh J(lw /rtfAer, 
nkhflhmn //^ff> i-rvthnf. 

ReUAitK 6. — Tbe rtoubkni funsuriAnTa oiiiBt to dhliiiictty pEX>- 
nouiiL^ed twice cm?r, ihuiigli wbyu j;, j^, r, *A, ', /, y, /i/i^ «iij jf 
ATti ikmbled, the lirst i« not i^iiilp wi fnlly snunded %% the uBiviTid,' 

' The 1 here ia of thi^ nature of that deijcribed above {% Ifi]. 

^ We g^^umnlly bear itiiAn ifmuk, tftUtA (or talHUk] fraA^, 
•■ 1 nlwAVS hi?ftr kOrumbf im in * umb-6-peliB.' "—(ft) 

^ There if avn^ difitinctiou between t.bi« fioundand the tihin 
of Uppisr Ej^ypt 'jr of bha innttetitive foreign roftident^ The half 
Vowpl luaerted ia c\]uiv7ilent tu t>h« Hebrew di^va, luid Ui** liflJi 
onkr til ibo Ethiopia vowf^ls. 

• Spitlff, 

' Of, 6yr. and Ohold. nbba, whence Lnt. oAJ'iw, Eng. oiMn 

* Yjidd is UBtid fur Id in thf» tijHjlK^h Inn^iULgfr, but only in 
rartAJn uKpruAidionif borrowtid frnm Ehe litontiy diAluet. So in 
Svriflc wt hiive liotb i^v/ (*inl i/t/. Ciuildee *t'j'Lt. 

' Tliti (lijuble f of A^lljb 4/r, is not alwaya distiiicUy pro- 
ririutii^*d in hiirritM] tulk, »kM whIh Ki^ w too (for walk tnfiri, i-t^ 



94 



THE SPOKEN ABAEIC OF EC.XVV 



Bat when tbere tti a paviie after them, either the flmt orAy wilj 
be heAT'd, while thi* t^re^A IjliJ upon it niii!4Bs asli^'hl iLSpinit« Lo 
be hentd ; ct, a.i is the nxHe with two different oonsonante DOt 
pTDUOUDcenVile togetlior^ it Itolpin^ vowel in plac^il nft<?r tiu? 
WL^ond, JtK ntg'' (ur rn^g*) '^-^ ■W>A. OcwiBimiallj the swund Ja 
droppuiJ even where thij^rt* in napnua^.aA khash "aldh (for khashahe 



25, 



Ei^photiit tophsiM niflj bike place; — 



(a) When the hif Uie nrTiidi^ i] i« UFtriimibitvd Uithftfii'ftt leliiv 
of the iitum lo which it la dttached, ihnt letter Iwinp nm of the 
followinf; ^ i, fj 'J, d, li, Tft, I, 9, *h, Bj/iffi ; e.'j. it iihn lliti utriite, 
ill diirbi the ht'/it, le 9r;f, thf etrurii, iq (fif tfie *umwier, in nfir /^i*" 
/ire{ttiT il tihD, il darba, &t'.|. 

Rev^kk, — T>ie / not unconimonlj reroaina uuchiirigwl before 
the lett^frs g and 1,\ ns il ^ELtsftr (or ;^ ^KzarJ 'A« MrJtrr, i\ fium't^ 
(itv ig guni'ft) M/- u-Cf A' . il kmsl /Ar rAu^r, is piefyimd to ik 
kiirtiiT^ whil? i^ girfln fh^ itHfihUt'UTt ia mors a&ed Ih^ii il g]nui' 
It is pui''*lj u ui:irtar t>f e«i[ihoiij\ such hj^rsli i^omhinalimis n^ 
ik kull fhc tpk'Je, hc'iuf: rTto^Lly avoided, tf nppaaj^ to awiEnilati: 
luoTK easily tliii,:i k. Tlifi aitiile otmsionaUy remttina jilIhcI 
beforo th<i oth^r loir.er^ when tbe ward is einjjijisis^pd. 

{b) Wh^n the t of tho fourth, lifth, and tixth dsn'red foria§: 
of tho vGib ia ft^imilaW to the rodicul, hvin^ one of the &bovD- 
meiitLODed lett^s, with thif dcrptiou of r end n^ or wheu Uiit 
sign of the second pers. sing- or tbird Fein- u^Jg. of thi^ AcriRt is 
afldmiiatod to/, ff, or tf ; *,;/, i^^ii]l?Kjit fl/^ if a* dii^-'rvfit ig^nniii 
Ae ir^n^ YJO'^, ifth^hikruin^ U ica* U/n\t [kJctbb il i£il* jhMir^l {for 
iCtallnqit. it^uaniii,4c-)t biddi»uwar vr Liddnuwar (fur biiduuwiu') 
8ht ttiriijt. 

KBUAhK, — Here ogftin ^ and A ofton vacert no i&tluanno, ft^ 
itgad'ao (or iggul'fti])^ ^' ^-GfiaTe hrttiftjt. Th<i imperntivo itknllim 
jywoA IB more eiupiuitic Umn ikkiLthjn. 

(?) Wbi^it, iJi Ihu fir^t or H^itroiul pcirn. siDj^. or tlio itvootid 
pen, pi- of tho Met tea&e of Um verb, d ie ihs&iimJated to f or f 
to f, M kl»ltu (for khJkdtu) / tfhik il, r»hn{\^ (for mba^til) i/<m 
ft/ntmt. Ah 11 nih'. howtiver) Olil/ h [cifttHl KWtiirjilal.iou fjtkeo 
pUrp here, bhEidfii more oftwn tlian ndt. sf^imdm^ fts Jt \^ »riit*-n, 
luid lbi> *o«oud I of nvha^^u h^rini^ Iok^ fmUtAl liiait tiii^ tJT«t. 

(rij Wh«re the third rfnirmnant of the ihird piTs. einif. cif tlu> 
pnaC tt'iLM' of the trilitriul verb i^ a AibiljLuii, &^ui ik' l>n 

negB-tlTv HJglL fA, OT i« LUolf A^ViUl lIulE^pJ to It, (U In .'f 

yui'iebfih) k^ dcM uoi *^"iie, ua vikkla^iv (or yikhk«h*ii) ha U^-* wJ 



1 AJm idgud^au. (Sm { 1».) 



INTERCHANGE OF CONSONANTS 



S5 



yiklibiulifth fm d^r-t rt'it /Mke (fivjni jikhbb). The negntive of 
yig^uwiK fic mil uiarr^, ia mu yiggauwuE^ ma ^gauvt«ts ^^ 

(fif Wlw^re <ni« licinid is iissiniiliii*d to anoUi^, aa kal lu 
(for kill! la) then' icru to hi-iiij i.l*, hf htiH ; 60 jekul 1m A^ /jfi*. 
il U (for in \\v) if not, Jrixmik In (For laxmin !□) fl^f^ary (pi.) 
h Mm, ha\ li itov luii 11) j^ appearai ti/ m^^ mil litnL-n (for mia 
Ijtoto) ^J'Fn ^^ /rrf:j, Hakbbhal lu (fur Hiklildimi lu) he hriUr'l 
/<rf him, mir riglt'h \tor iniu rigli'h) J'nwt hi» /s^ty Vhutkhar 
rigl&ha ifor kbulkh&l) the atJd^s on Imr/Gi^i, khamm (far kbolou) 
OHT uncial 4UQIU (foi^ qulna) wr mitt, islitiri nan (fctr isUtiri 
Inn, »>. ir^hlii'I liiia) b'lij/or int, aur iniimi r rfi^it (for luiiitii 1 
rlUjI, »,e, mmni Ji rOlii) / "/ mj/seV/, ir ra.'ft*tit (for in ru'wlit) 
if it tfinn-iera, il loqtt (far m kkq^b) if I Ji^u/, bibm En^iMk (for 
k&n milejk) /le nth hMwij. 

HKyiiV,K.' — Tli« / of Uie [irepotitiou fi i^ soiuetiuies otAdmi- 
Ultfi to a /i fallowing it (the 1 drop|)inp uut), oa qii'udu b BariA 
/Arj/ «/r',v.''J I" /*'/rj> ,■ (VTid ^* of muab wrf, ta [Ltiotiiei" tibtloct, 
V rjiur. QkTili] if i* 'i"i Jriii fi^idU uiu? P^Lli it it "it'll trut. 
RoTit / i("iM, ^i*c>a woflf, is very frDqiiently prononnred k^ilt, Ba 
kuttef^oT f^''>r« h?e^ ^«u ^ and bint dan^hief, ^iW, bdtt.^ 



INTERCHANGE OF CONSONANTS 

5 2G, Tbe Korunic ffi in regularly pronounced * in naliwy, 
while it i-K reprtwwntfcd In Uih coUoiiuinl Utiguiige by /, imd 
CKfeatitoDuily by c/ Ibuit, Kor, th&qU titav^j tbuIgUia i/irac, 
anhw. aaqU, enlfisii ; colJoq. tutitu, ^iq^f ittoqitT or (Icj^ usuuUy) 
iaeilqil 'olu to he hinpfi. 

I'be Knraniu -/h (tUial) is 2 in nubvy, i, nnd oceftaiDOally s la 
OoireiQo; tbu^ Kor- akbadha ^ff fu/jZ', Dubw, nkhiif ; Cair. okbud, 
but (from tbu aitna root) Uhiz hiamn,- Kor, dhiiuiua rfJiutnenfei 
iiobwH £LUiuia ; CiLir. diuituu. 

mtoikcliiQ (for bin fL^liaa) *ou cf A^tain^ rubuticm rhe'urf'ih/m^ It 
rvi^nljirly rvproaenUi t.bo j^, aH'J o<^<ma]DiiaUy thi9 l' of forci^ 
luiifTLjLigi'h. UN LinW p(i/iU, bi^4ili?t yiAato^, bul^i^ pafeidt, btlni 
/Jura ^i» sniJill TurliLih eoiti), babflr irain, *rrafflAf>a/ (luL 

■; witb b^ ^LS b[4;fii' fur bnbfir; witb forci^ /-muuiI, iin 
piiTiiiiAr ffrirr-mf. 

^ Hobi'vw ami b^riixc \M,tA, dav-jftler. 



se 



THE SPOKEK .VEABIC OF ECTFT 



ffh vritb Vf ^^ yigbiW hff is ahU (for ^iqiLir); witb AA,* im 
khitihi (for pluiJii) *fllflh (ttor. vith^hn) to fiiint, vikh^hil (more 
U9un] tbnn vighflii, though tho pa^t ten^i^ gtioaal le mor'« hinunl 
tLnn khxL^al) Jt^ loa^ket^ kbaf&r (or gbiifu-) to imcfcA, Igbbilos 
(for iUlitiiLiri) to fiinljez^^ 

A Ttith ' v&ry commonly, iti fact whenever Ihe RuiTi-dimiing 
letters are Eiii^h ka to n-iidtfi' ^t ^JLvi^r to pronoaiic« ; ^ e.^. h^tfj^tu 
Aur, for t>ebtttu Qi^n^ usunl), biht (Ftir bi't) / Mihi^ ruuwal) r/v 
rEimi/, hut laiLwa' 'ala b^tok ^o awa^ home, iJjtoifif to '?i>r|r*uirr 
'nffcq (or tafnq) (o hajjp. 

i with A (err p) in Umdft (pL lumad) or liimba inmp. 

r with Jr, liS (liindurmn* (or dnrdurmft] i<v-^r?ufn, Bonte Su*!d 
(or Burt'' Sik'id) Pirrt Snui : with If as rikhur fftt other afvi (for 
lAkhftr, I'-i^. il fikhar), r*»tahl tfii^ Kt/iUji (For h^ahlj, Itemhv-r 

; And z with J aiid t, n» izbitalyft Jtv^pita!^ t»jEaVtort j^ojv- 
^r/. (^iT uttif} imiW finmuuciatioiL) 

$h with It nnd i in a few wonin, nn KB.nii for hhAme) #vn, 
VHklish (oi- trhfkklij^) pcrn'i'i, ^Tmn^ (or Eluitmug} r/'CM, w^bta 

f r9prftsents u in lifarfur Jiiid h (bw other wonlrt: Vnil thp 
Ambft (u-e ab[e to protioutK* r, a.nd renilvw is oftun honrd. 

y with ft ill a few Turkish nordfi, aa kalfa or (lees unjiJIy) 
qiUfn chief Jt-tuole «srvi}ni in a Jiaif^n^ Cnii ^'iLT.oii.^ti in cttllvd 
ffoutUft or kuKE^ztt. The ^^htry tiii^&'i n^f^u t^; Am <rr^ni '/ttv^vi, U 
projioutic^ tjlkft b&feu iu the 8pc>kt?Q Un|^iuk>fo ; with kh in 
UuiFthtsh fa^J/tw^^)^fl»«t(tf^amFfin,UkktlI^Hh(UlroughTuI'ki^; 
wit!b if (b»0 fthove). 



' Vn, wheii"??(A», la reprMented hy hhin ABajrUn. — (S) 
1 TIji* Hehr. '&yn ii mid to b«.ve beeu praaotuiced very much 

D,&h \\t tine lime, 

^ Tb4* Turkiflb form. 

« *k JK preftiiTvd iu oil theft? wordi» hy tha higher cWa, who 
i^giird th(« other ff>rniK ui corniptinDf*, though Umy i^ri* pi^rlups 
ix^ r«ality of a htglier nntiquitv, 

^ A rpw nra pronoiukoe'<f with A i^nly iD Amhii?, tkwqfh 
writtm wiUi V '" Ttjrkish, lut kcknik^in (T'^^^h qcu-d^OJi, 
thLT«> being y/cty Uttlf: dilten^jici.- iH^twveii thi.- two liftuw 
in that 1afi^iuif;« ; lK>tb qiirnn-hH iui'1 barMihlf rau/iyioiHr, 
Are Mid 



INTERCHANGE OF CONSONANTS 



27 



/ witb n, as 'iJwAn or (k'ds u^iuilLv) *inwjin Qi-hlrcst^ ^iper- 

iHiUQ'ln Jutimiv/^ in tinpAn (eometiim'f^) for t1 finpAn * //*« cfip, 
ItttbBQna rri/wrij/?, miJilntilrn ma^iw/nrf^rtfj uiiuitl! (Turk> rrmwirj 
^fT;ifni'tfJtj biu^kjU vftraal (Turk, berekn-t vorpiti) tliunh tpu^ 
tHntfttin (cjr tuntilUi) ince (Tl*iil-), 'c^ljii ^ubbil gliJlfil (fur ^ublria) 
iirit*rjief1oUt/. (rt^e slso under praiiiinnifltion.) 

iH With A (^« flbove] ; witb n, ae nu^fx^tit and tiia^irii if 
fdlMfJ, Qindft^n niiJ nftangb r:A(?rc /o^fri'i/, ]^utm4 and Fatiw, 
pr. n.. malln mdhinif!, ^fuufll (Turk, shirndt) nT once. {S«e uudar 
thifflelfer.g IS-) 

IP with the e; of Forei|!& lju;fzu&p?s, oa vabAr (thouf^h more 
often brib(^r) i-ajn/ret nutsiii ui- vrar^-4il (nliuve); with ti iii some 
parte I'f w.iik Vhrbs mid v^rl«l ncmns, arid in the enircrt»ifjn ya 
bftwii (jiiiiiitftiuiftii) for va biiya ! "ly father / 

y with rr (aoe nt-ovf^) ; with qftl'n, n» qavil (for qi'il) Air/in-^, 
tijfttiu th^nt'-e (iTflL. /cu^/r');^ coiivorstl% in'al! curn/ (for 
yin'«I)(SUO). 

TRANSPOSITION OF LETTERS 

I 28. It h not an uncomindfi thing iti Ai^bic for a won) to 
hflvo iwD nUercfttiv^ forma with the letters in different poeitions, 
%M in thf following oittoiples : ^afar (or fahiir) to tUg^ lakLbu^ (or 
kbalbjil) ccnjiist., stiLidh or (mreiy) anurib hare^, na'al In cunt, 
ATid yin'al he ftiTsea (or hL'Jiii and }i1*&n)^ I'ggauwi^ to many, ikud 
[jiaA«^) iZEriuwig, gOa fniEltmdj gflEa ijt/-?^ and (flLi/^iTj^) iGg 
Uld i*^a, bitrtflmfin ond mttrtiibia airlh^ pot i sa gamadauu 
ti'rjMJottn, gLnnioAr iHTirro^ (w — 1), 



CONTRACTION 
1. Blibio^ 

I 39, When two >ijw«l» xnovl in dilTei'eiLt words, oup of them 
g^ni^rall^ gires wihy, tc^iher nith the 4iat% 'uid f alU out, imteest 



1 AuiintUtioa of course pLays a [nurt here: / nnd n Are^ 
owing to tbeir natural ft£nity, inlerchnnged wbono'et' ouphuny 
IS to demand it 
" Ct. JitBrary bif with Cfcirone bir ( = hiyr), a wtiL 



2B 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



of ooui'«e, tliei« h a pause between tho ftta^a ; ^ uiiii tUe wo^or 
usutiMj viLntcIji to th& siraugor. I^^ff. ; — 



itui 

and I 

I wjttit io c/ron 

thtnt KfioJ 
a»d kU mMtr 
for, in tirdur t/'iat 
he li'ho ifl talttrr thin I 
it is I, pottr mother 



in the hotii'r 



da na (for da 'itaa) 

w DUn (for wo Efctifl) 

biJi) !iJbi& (for h'vldi cUii^) 

ya l^lDfui (for yo A]^TQa.d) 

ja m (fot yn iUl) 

V ummu (for we umDio] 

liLgl (flW li ilgl) 

ill (L^.wal Tdinnl (for ilH fttwnl) 
da na mnmk or da a ummak 

(for dii flua mnmftk) 
£ I bra (fur ti U t>i't) 
jn ukh unit Uihik^iEfi,r muy^lc 
(for ja akhi atm, ibc.) 
but ja okht au& 'auittk 

RsiunK n.— The i thrawe out the a Bom«tiTn(tAf &b in b{ Kmi 
Uftb (for bi ismi Allah] tu t^e noma q/ God, bi mi llaJi /ly f/fid'tf 
pOJfnwffKHih We may eaj cither iuta smok eh J or int ismibk 4b ! 
M7^ uf [/our num*' J 

Rehatek /-.— Elision » by ro mt^uns obUgatoj-y upOD tb^ 
(^pLi&Lei-, rLnil cipfrienco itlon^r will ^Diiblo Iho fcr^i^or to mnkv* 
a prupei^ iv^ of It^ Eupbonj and eniplilUiis butb |jljiV aa ini' 
poiiJLiit part, uttd it luu^t Iki [VJUtiiiLberod tliut iti Anibio, ils In 
otb«r Unyim^flfi, it is important to lay a little ^esa upon, or to 

^ A pauM ia often useful for the piupose of ompbaaUirig this 
WDiiJ that fullowh, Afi rina w& ebflyit kemjlti / fin<\ mtj/aU'er fipi. 

^ Vowela «*liduJ arii not priuted io tli*j gHiniiurn\ in oril«r tluit 
tli« ciikrC prunuDciutioii iif thi7 words in u SLMiton^E> iiutj l>u ol^^rly 
inprpseiittii. It uiuat be ri*inemb«cd that where the iuituil 
vowel i>f a wortl diiupp^^unt, l1i« llr-itH sylln-ble of tbjit woni will in 
proui^uicuitioiL foi-m oao with the lost syllable of Uio pi'iwGdiit|( 
<^ord, ibitd wL<^u the tifuil vowel of a word ;fi tb^^wn uiil, tlio liktt 
coHMiUfkJit of tbitt word will bcliju^ to Ujd fir^t sylhiblv of bbo 
following wtrnJ ; thux dit bne mln J (for dn itmi? iiiln I) r/^/vriV a^r 
it th'ii f will b« prr»iinui>i'ud dfth-n© ruin ; intiHrnn-k f'Ji, ;ji-tUni*k 
flh. Tbi* iywU^Ln lui* Uic diMa^lvftiiii-wjri- tif i^ri^hPi*tin(f tbo ward* 
wlirrrvrr rliruitii InLdfi |ilvn in u tniiiratisl [onii ; but on tbcy iWv 
all K'^'^ii i'l ^1^11 ii' t'br« vcw^uUilariiui, iki roiifijHxon will lU^ijHi- Th« 
oujy ulttimjttiVuM would bo tu aiidoHi Lhn mmhirtfl voWtiEi iti nvarv 
«tw iu bnn'tolB, or iiidii^t<: thair omirviiou hvan BpOflUi^jjbw, thfl 
«igu uiiiveimlly odfjptod U> reprcocut Urn bUtUA <ji/f'a, 



CONTRACTION 



39 



though Aons of Utetu bo pirticututly oEupbihtic, in ui^dr^r to p^^ 
Uie Liateiu^ time, aa it nere* to look around him. Tliii» it may 
t* preftTuLlr^ at iijie llnie Ui sty, btmrDn, rubl-*' "tna TfAtf« / rt^en/, 
Ntiiili* iikliru at. hit fister'i A'jf^A?, ut unot^her, lumtun nii^t JLoa (pro- 
iiciUDCD ru^ tutiaj, or ^£kud uklitu (protiouiico *a.n Awkhiw), 

Rekarh 4.-- — Tbe rowel of tbe definite article ia ^moet inTjLri^ 
a.|]ly eliiiei3 ; thw-t of tb^ pre[«jsitinns bi, \\, is oppa^iomiUy retAiriBd 
jtJid pronoitncufJ v«ry hkpidi}', as 11 (ur U) luniaa (or I umma) to 
hif mt'ther. It ijever cuile^OH witii the i of the conjunction 
inn, 

2. OlIlBBlOTtf, OH FaLUSO OuT D? A LBTTBE 

1 30, Qffct'n may be dropped, not only when iu vowel coalwites 
with a piBcodiiig one, but after o ootuKjiuiUt or vowel, whatever 
it« position iei the sylliible '. tf-(j^ mi-nSn (for niiii @d) uit&u^, kl 
«l!'Ii I (for ki9 vh I) ichaJ jmr»n J r^ hst^d iftdhAEy lU'e), in eha Il4b 
(or in aba Allab) if Uvl loill (both q^it''^ diaappeariDiff). 

IlGBiBK. — When u verb in tLt third |«rMju ptui-nl i* folbwed 
{nirn<<diiLUtW hy tiie de^ite ^rtic]^, thu i\^V^, nrbich f^klU nvay 
froEfj thf- vijvr«] L>f tb« Uttcp to &ilgw of the elitiion, 3s uob mfre- 
i|ueidty tht'o^iL buok behind the it oF tbe vtifb bj wav of cojn- 
imtibjititru, &u that ne unuy Luihr uiLgnd ur rlgil (for WH^du i' nigil) 
r/<i*y fimn'l tlie juaii. 

^^31. The luttor A will ofteu diEapppar t^t the etid cf n^unl, (U 
Alln (for AlUhj (Jiff, lull (or In) tt/hift^hKih (or bu) irtj 6i/, liim. fiql 
(Utej-ftry fiqlh) rra^iVfr i^/' */te Xomii (but pliiml fmiTilmJ, fi ((ir fih) 
thun M. 

S 32. * hfts ffiUdn out hom n f»w words (eee £^ 1 1*)- Id ummft' 
II Al/a rriother (aiiaj« also of a pLuit), it li&« cbungt^ plnc^h 
with the a. 

^ 'S'S. Tb© shoi-t vowelfl may di*appHiir : — 

(a) Fi'om an open penultiaxato sylUbleT where Iho vowel ut 
tUi* mitifpaiiuU (if thv word i^ of more th^a two sylUblcTs) !:« nut 
im@ lon^ by prru^ilion ; itr from u IiiiaI BjllAbio if the petiuiiinrnte 
IB lotig iLiid opvti, and ji wui-d biiginniiig with a unw^l foliowi;;^ 
r.^. Ui£iitr\ (foi' loiim'*') tifc^fojy {t&ai.), khiL^ru (for khi'itini) Am 
i/m'jne, qimtu [for qlu^iLu) iU caitit; kifaytu (for kifAyitu) ttH 

> Comp. i-ti" iu Eoglidh for it ig. 

^ For tho flliorl.euing of Iheloofi voweheeo^ 13 -^/.i iimlc<mip, 
Hebr, ujcli-k /uu'j, mnlka querrt. Jet,, aad Etibii>pic for llie dii>- 
ftppertmncfi dt liie vowel. Tht* pi'inciple is not Hiiknown toof lier 
IftugUi^^c^ ThufiinBulguriiiDweh&Vd molok ifi'ialtjU iniik^f ^st:,. 



30 



THE SPOKE.V ARABIC OF EGYPT 



ittijipisiicy, wipcoit (for wii-iinit) it *wv/W ffom-), khttUtu (for 
khaditu) afuf ioeh if, itkliiLuiju (fur iikliiliiii^u) tfi^^^/ ijuarrdleU, 
walditu iiin inufJfrr^ (Jtljb il bcft (for ?&[^b il bft) t/ie owiitv rt/tfie 
hiMite. ^a^ibhA &ml ^i^hs. aits botb in ube us diniitiot na.mvs. 

ReifABC a. — A verj short i or c; is rfornvtiuioa Lfinrd in audi 
worda a.^ mu'iVkblAa bhtmiinj, I^kIhiu necsita}-^^ y^ Bc^ibtrT 
BtufdrJ iTtdWAil of die eoutiucted form, Lbe vuiacI of Um Hiittf^ 
(iBtiult bviiig proiiiiijno«d half long- Wo Ueur 'uJrtiiiii na Um 
ptuEiil of ^iUtaj /cifrrt'/, bef4u-He it h&rdi/ btiloci^a lo tL« ooi- 
loquial Uiiguojfi?, but *aJitiJi (for *ilimJi) a /tiiiiaJe aint^tr.^ 

Kkuakil a. — a^ buing iIkj ritrong^jii^ of the vow<-k^ ^eiierully 
roUkinb j(^ plin^, QApkJi^ially ^vb^n t^urruuudLsi by strung cl>ii- 

muundeil; but kuUbu (or katbu) (k'^if wrotv, kutubitu (or luilbitii) 
iiJi« 'tT'/ttf l^ wi livitak ! (for wi hityitak !) Zp^ yimr H/e / ma \'\!!t.titth 
(for ttia lifcqjtijgh} / i/i'(/ fVit Jiri'i ity (I'jntiin (or birtAii) fioiifJuneet 
p*lmi nlj.ia o t:opifer i/i^A, ^luJ oven taUta iitjAia (for taLuU Oa^im) 

Rkma^uk r. — Tb^ aboil^ vowel mr«ly ffLlIa out froai Lbo pecult 
of advf^rbi^ iu -n-n (thi^ uccu^ttivc eudLag in the litor&ry diiiloil), oa 
^h^ibikii ymUthltit ^iiuiyiiu /^'''Jiidtif, auch woi da beiog rct^iir^l, oa 
tittfLiig»t-h] iit tbeii- buirow^^d form; but ^rtan (rLbovA)foi' t-4rataii. 

KufAKf^ ti. — Wh(*u tbe vowel of tha anU^peuult is il etuudiu^ 
for iiP, or i followod by ^, the vowol of tbe penult doe* not, an a 
rul«, foil uutf 44 yuliiiu (for yiwlidu) [Uejf ffivn hirtk. aubliiyilii 
( — t^ibliiyyiLii) iti •inarnii/if : it dtt&a. however, stitu^tictos \a tJj'» 
UlttT oAiw, *a butjiyl (or baqit) U ftilfla (for bat^tyit^ il fulUa) /^* 

{(if Fruiu the propositions bi, li (bU| lu), hud from uioKt of 
the NylUb^Eis deHcribiMl Lti § 14, ftnd oth^r tEiiacirbiiL^il Hbc»t 
HvlLUcs nt thv befjmuiiig iir in tbo juiddlu of u word, as d^krabu 
blju (I^r liui^btL biba] tf'f^ ^tfiiJi v:'ifh tt (f«m.), quit! Utuui (fOL 
4julLti luLuui) / nnxd la th/ffti, uubAmk Mi.'ld wi luLijiiTik (fur luu- 
biluk, irt"bflr]>k) i^i'rf/ luomviij ! Ti kiuj'inn (fi»r kurninuij <» hi* 
tioKKJ't I'itq^ ^l^r bilryjul} «/c« tf^j^jr, )-ihJI>i 9T>tk, imrtbi \nitk (for 
yatlu bituii iLc,)^ Icf t*t dn tj</iiiy ; nut tijti Iboiuf^b*' Ijn^b (fur oitb 
[fti^fl lut»iim*Up) t/uii /niifui nuittiiiff Jor them, iiiulyu ihiifa ((i>i- 

» Tliiff \wutd i« the Hebr, 'alniA a uiaul^ \i\A'!^ mtjilt pci»- 
nUj b<j Ltd dvwu us t<* tbo triaen wbrif tb* Ljunim.* 

ftltt'gi-tbi'r. und vrhima it iicu uiiuUncut iiupuTTfj' .^ , u-s xho 

lleWn4 hb*'vx> 

' The ^ bvrtf fO^iUiia od a watk ynf^ii. 

* Tb« fuUw foiiiifr Alt) very frw^uDuUy uwd. 



OMISSION OP MORE THA^ ONE LETTRl! 51 

tnflikt^Ntj (fur ra& uiLiLbtuit]]) J did y^t seiz^ lY, huviL uui eii 1 (foi- 
mill tiu ?) ithence u /(f / luyji uhbti mn nb^jji, (for ukbU fiiiu 

(f^) YnoQ k f«w fioai sjUabJee^ LDoluJin^ thone of t;oiu« din- 
djIlaLic prLrtic^ipl«H in i^oaalGnt uac.tfauu^b m this mbv tho vow«| 
does not cumpltttcilv diaappi^iLr when & woitl b^^^iittiiDg with tv 
otmsonniu fullows, nncl two or thre* monosyilnblea ; t.j/. *iiu( ^f(B' 
'ftwiij und *aji (foi- *ayUj u-im/»t;(r/^aiiyB(forai^)yT-oumir^y,{;™uMi, 
t*yh (for rflyib^f/otn^.ittimb' (fDrittiwib)f/aiira,ilUu(fi>riUAwc) 
etcrpt, fmly (M, 'al{for*nli.Jon, ridlji,BiJiii(Foriuli[ii) (Uiuugb tbe 
fifiHl 1 i< orifliTiftUj long) when imiaediiitely follDweJ by niidther 
word, ftE ad»i gi^tCT'i? / Aflfo mm?, u f WAqtiun tfiwfi waqlinft) and 
tfl i'ir /iwir, fliu* f fSkrl hfL^ri I har'e som^thtAij in lui/ miwh 

licuAitK-^TlLi' ncgutivf) hjgQ hA duublJi>riHJ^ aUuiii^ for nhfi 

^ 3^ Xliv vowoJ of the artiGl& ia BoiDotiinM dropped, as litl^nut 
/A^f /««/, litQt^D /Atf frro, k/hai' Iha anietfnifif v/ Et AtJt^r, liatuU' 
bfili ^/iH m/j/i/rnm,VW7ii^>//uf, Iftkhiu-ur (mure uflUttlly) x^kbur' Om 
nthfr, libmn] tfif fmrdeti^^ lisvid /h« l-ia''k\ likhmikr ffie r^id,* 
Lviqi^dr iior il uq^flr = il qu^ftj'),* aa litnco gum /'<»^A cam^, il 
warBt| Iflbyiiil (Aff (I'ftiVf pafni; imrit lefoodl ^Aa ^^nthjuuin't w^v. 

RKHAWit ^Tli^ urticlfi hord fumis ona vorJ with ihe doqd, na 
in Mdtto?u.<^ in whi(7b di&It^ct it univenally drops tbe vowel wboti 
r*>llowod by H word beginning with another vowpl. 

ABBREVIAnON OR OMISSION OF MORE 
THAN ONE LETTER 

^ 35. The sami-ocmsQDadt y, whan boih precede*] und fullowed 
by I or ft, rony cuu-luaeo with tbtiu boforo a sinj^ie coneonant, bnd 
fiirm the luug vowel i, aa biqilP ( = biyqil) for btylqiU (tu 

biyctini) /(ff iff itayift'i. 

RiMAftK '1. — Smiilarly nwi and iwii may form ti, but in this 

' Hci'e ulf<o the contivctiou will not tak& pLhca wbt-u tk worvl 
(•(^imikii^ vrith /I ooownnnt follows. 

^ Tbi) vowfd U vi?f y commcnly omitted vrhon th« tiouu ia utM* 
of thobo ^Jo^mbed in ^ $1, 

* t^*e ^ 15, j£etnarA\ 

' 1'1i» { of btqjj] ifl not pronouni^ed v«ry long ld ban'ieil roh- 
veTHiktioii, Tbo fy often HmAins uuobtLbg^ttf us in uij'tdu t\^ 



THK fcPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



ciSs thfl unjaa ia not vo complete, lui flliftu (for u wiliftu) amt 
kin rompanif'ti (f.), bi vngudbiiih folmoAt bO^udhum^ in fAeir 
pretence. 

RcHAiiK b. — The iyi uf the uoiitiniied preseab of the purfixit 
verb oecasionully controctpS to i, fts biktibu (for hiyiktibuj they 

§ 36, The final e^lUble of ^alft ctUj and the tH of minyronj. 

uftpen fulJ out bsfore tb« (l«6iiite oiticlfFr &« 'nl hii^u (for 'nla 1 
^iis^n)cm the hofscj 'Sig ^mAl {iov "ula g gimal) an thu civiieig, 'jL>hh 
t^hibbiLtf {tur 'nU eh eldbblUc) on ihf. icinfiov?, mir riglcri (for lain ir 
rigl£ti)7W>/'» ift^'/cet, mirrigglla {formin ir ngg&Ia)/jYri» f/'« men.* 
The /a uf ^ak h»s ulso di^ppoiu-Bd in the W(h-As 'nuLfin (far 'nlti 
shX'n)/oTj in order thatf e.iid *abuJ (fcr ^aJa bill in the (ronjanctioii 
uImlI ma) tifUil, 

g 37. The ArtLcla itgelf sometrimea falls out zLfber the relntire 
pronoun illt, nj^ il ski, illi n^u yatdu (for illi il ins^Lii) the/intd 
Wfiiefi jrKin eats, 

g 88. Tho FfiUowing are exompLcu of other fnruia of abbrevm- 
ticJtJ : Ija^uluQ ^ (ov baijutuii) ^ru/f/« ba'uluk ui su'Lik (fi;i »L'mJt' 

(for liis £S*JL)^f, stili^ tiaaJiflFibj mfl^li, mu^h, mUh (for mu Ltiw^h) 
htf, itf if uufi not^ ton hilh (for mu hiydsh) ^/re t' mrf, ^lila hub 
fttfr i'« rfAc, waj (for wiliid) fti-y, U'd (for tii*ilu \ j cw/ie / u oi ba'd 
(for ti. mii^ b&,*d) dT>'f {tfl»i\ kur n^iitAlii (for kull^ riamilu) qU hit 
capital, kulle ohin ks-n (fur kullti >«h^ lu kikti) iohnleoer if Ae, min- 
fwlmlb (for beni udiLmiytu) itorut o/Ad'tm, JHvrtatt, tal kb£r l^ miAft 
L kli^r ( = ^iiuHailk bi 1 kher) fjuod ecertingf l^mdilltt for (il) 

ResiAtiK. — Cormptionfi from foreign languji^os, ae waraba 
itaHahop, tMiifA (ItaL dinpen4a] pantri^t kkhk (or kunhk) cJm&f 
(Tnrk' '/tUk t^unmilz) asjiartfju*. occur ia Arabic us in uLhar 

^ W« cuunot v»y 'Atibo on ntfirr, ^nMhthhik t/n u K-ntdu]Ct 
nor ci^i ut libii. 'ibcih »iliibb&k bU^iiJ for 'uJu Itbii, 'ulu pihibL&ki aa 
KpittJL 

> SM'adUk i» nlgn in a», u indeed u^ atJ tlie full fonufl oT 
tha ffX&nipltMr ei[M>pt U h hIL'h. 

* Whonc*. Spauith Ci'K 

^ Thn Infit ^-Jfnrnpl? in it-n luetnuw* M " 7«>jwTftj» rt VMioiOfSy,"" 
thw TurkUlj l^■ ^ been dii 'nr 

ivomul but diil' ug. Lk>iik < ''< 



ACCENT 



» 



ACCENT 

6)39. The accentuiitiOD of the syllable ia more than lumaJly 
luurked lu EgypbiiLu Ambii;, jtuil i> u 1lJrt^tugtJfslJil]g Frntunj of 
tha dialect, it ia importtiTtt, thnr^fnre, to muet^r (hIiq rules by 
whicb it is gov^eroed. Tliej nre as follows :— 
(j) 'Iht' rtccect »& OD the last Rjlktil©: — 
1- IVLeii it coutaiu* u loug clu?*d vowel or » sUurt vowtl 
clot«'i by two lUTiiwaanta ; t.g. bfkrdJfn cold, birfit / 
b^'-aine cold. 
fl, In the following words wboti standiikgoloDe: &uhfliAAhT, 
aiihiT, atiLuDi, miulni, pjinhiT, muibilji] whicJi. irho, ijr..- 
iih\ ahv, ubiim ih&re he, the it^ tlt^tf ai-G ; ikIikhS ! jiHAjk / 
ftillif^ A«fff/ ly\\ (pronounoo iyi-S-hl) how Hatt ! \\A\%tii\ 
fitt ihiiifiQ.' ilR! /ie/^ 

3. £AL^ptiuiiHlIy, by WJiy of (3[npWi^, tbo other F^yllalilefi 
beuikg uluo, but not to nn at^iut] ^^rtw, Atvc^ntcd, as 
abodAti ruefsr/ hu£ib ^c^ &Bfiy ttumo qfl^id h«iiAk 

111 Ititit I'ififittf'er eainf (or ri^fftC on /fJA ^c.). 

4, lb a few foreign nottib, au nbO' (Fr. r&bot) ^rone, 

RuUii&K,— Da, dill, dt tht^, lu ^J Ai^rfi, lok tv y'A. &c., bu ar» 
ttim, bak in jot;, Av, , ai\d ev^n lihcL M /jcr, bilm i« //«r, lutitm ^J 
tJiern, buiium iVi ^/^ti/^, miiy be uspj «a pntlitics, btk! throw their 
.wccnt back tu the last fiylliilila of tUo word pi'ui-i^dLng tJieni," 
us \r rsgd ihi this maa^ il biutl dl f/ij'fi yrV^, *all da. im ihia, da wi 
dih thi>i my( thai, ii\nkli{\\h\i * In iHnith'it in him. 



' A t]i^Kt jMf'trrit^ is he^uxt &t tbe f^ixd of all thpstr woi-ds, iiu 
that ihoj might ppi'UuiiN bp closed iimlnr 1. 

> Sometimes II euusrjiuiiit U &(ildt><l in fon^ign worda ao tliat 
lhl> AtveEit chnll Tiot fuJl i>n a fitinl Ofwii gyllnlilff, ju J^aritilr 
(Turk- hintii, Elutigar. hiatd) rcin/a</0, vidati't, Hab^i eiikiirtA, 
&c.« luny nlso lie writipn wii-U 9, £eiplJ h. 

« A« JM in Etliiojkic ttid ta in Uturary A™hip, in tiw 
exprwMooiiM ]Im, tuinxa, 

* Tttt k\\v W\i)^\}v\i\n'4 <rf ihv ^owi>l *w g 13, Linnd hi with 
thd pTOTrf-iriinAl MijJtaifH, wh**ii nttnrhpd in ^cnsfi t/i it lu'ftpAdiug 
word, iilwftj'fl, nnl^es emphiisij^'d, throw hack tli^^ir m*Pfl"T»t lo thu 
IihaI jiylUblf^ ol tLiat word ; tbu? wo pitjtiouncio iddlhnm lii r^nr 
Mm than, bat iddlbum luh r^irr ihtm to himf nith rmiihud^ 
HI him* 



34 



TKE SPOKEX ARABIC OF EGYPT 



(6) It falls OD tbe ponult; — 
\. In words of two sjllablea, when tbe hat eyllaVile dot* 
ncFt [XintaitJ a. L^og {^losud vowel or ii hhurt vu^vu! uloatni 
by two ftjusonarits. 
2, In polysjlUbic words, when tho penult contains o, long 
vowel or one closed by two coii&ouftuts, or wben it 
oontjhinri n dboTL V4>tti>1 tuul Uju HnLtijiunnlt contfiiim u 
vowel clotWid hy iwo L*unsojuint* ; or, in a word of menu 
than ttieo syllables, wh^n tbe acte|jeiiult U ebort n.nA 
open; provided that, in eatb of thea© la^^a, tfie last 
Bylbiblia Jir U(»t tonlJtii) a loti^ cUia^ ^uwpI at u. f^hi»Hi 
oejc cloetfd by two confiooanls, E.;/. b&nd cokif biridtft 
yoii (plur-) '^0^ colJ, ahnfitu ^ ii^e dofc hijii, ^aekart 
toJJivr, wagadftu sl^^ /intii-i him, ^aj&j-itl- 7/Jif fr^rt. 
S, Tm* ^mpLiuiii^, H!<< liEi'tiimiL alirai/n (for JA^iiihii). 
KcuAiis fl- — Id the uut^ Idmditu ^A^ took it, kulitu iJi« eai 
it, the act(^nt h boiuotiiuoti on th& ibt^tHpimult, but oioT^ oft&u Oii 
till; penult, ks ill tbc* lu]i<^er rurm^ ukLidftu, ukalltu. 

Rfvakk h. — 'WJinn Lbe accent would be oi'i rlii^ petnilt, hnt 
for a loni! Sail ^iyllable, it is pi?iiorjJly dividt'd betwt-i?u tbe 
two. titt- toniier aomelioiys rci^tivipg lli^ greater etruaa^ wUilt 
tbe vuvpl iif t.l»4 kttti is bb^btly Hbutti-iiud ; i-,r/. arbu'l'Q /i/rt^, 
mewollviH hfjhting (pliir.), Ismji'lu, pr. j/., IbrjiUliii^jir- n, 

RcMAUK '-. — WlicEi the tUktepeiiultimiktc U lcin|>, but followed 
by u sbtTrt heipiEk^ vuwel connoctiiig it witJi tl^e fiufllx« tbi? 
ncc(«nt, thtHigb usiuUly oii tbe peiiuli, may fall pither i>ntimly 
cin tbe till tep4>ii alt or fiortia-lly on 1h^ utit^jK<Ttiill and pfirtiiUly 
on tbe pccult, us lu kulluiLuin all o/ ^/lom, ttittdiibum 'j'-n fr^fjf, 

//f^t, kpiruiibfk a* \f Ah^, wbir]i mny Iw pnmiiunced tiUlnhum, 
kulluLiim, Qv kfUlubiitu, ^<^, rkCcurJin^ to A'bwrH tbo ii|jiuik«t 
d«flii-e^ to Wy tbi' oLrvsiH. Ki^UvLbutu is, uf cvurde, monj ompUbti^; 
thHQ eilbar kullubuui ui' kitlluliuui. 

KeH^HK f/. — In A fi'W jidvL-ilin oudiug iii nn.durivTMi from tbo 
litoTSLry lati^age, tbo iiL*L'ont, tboU|^h ^ciieriLUy on tbu nnW- 
pi-nultiiuu^tr, ocLAr^itiiiaUy fulU oa tbo pvnQ]tim*to fiylUbi*, h« 
tAiutaa (oi Oii^tJku) i!i[/r/n-Jiwaf. 

KcaituK ^' — The Itr^. j.ylhbj*' of the cojistroiit f ' !■ 

ntimcrale bdi^tt, kbiunii^t, iLod tumniit is nf^ct-uti'U, h" 
uuuiu&tiuij tbu f piv*sfJ4 on to tbe noxt vrord» \ui kUiajjvi tuvriid y^ni 



> SinhhtfitiPa pr<tTioiino"d sbi^flLu ur coTitracU'd Ut shsittu, 
' >iLitjAUJStiT4« of tbie fonrt &ro u^iiailj contniciKd, nn {tognrtl, 
lw;»r(u At> cifftft wbiJ« forba tui a ralo remain unchrkDgt<i. 



EXERCISE IN PaONUNCIATTON 



5» 



tcomtt taniiiQ tunfuc ^ghi panottf (tot kliambut vwnd, Um^Dt 

(c) It fttlla uii the tttil^peutilt jji iftui'dti of thruH sylkbles wliru 
tlift jietiult null M-TitppennJt ari» Uitb opt-ii mid the tnwel of the 
fctrmur itt ehort ; iiu*l m'wocdt of mope tixnix tluc-o r^yliahjofi^'wlivn 
the ttiileiKirmlt is Um^ and opvn ami tli© peiiult Hiiort und opeHi 
pTOTltJoit j[i ItOT.h LliaL'f5 tluLt tilts tiiml »jll»tbli» Ju uot ^utiLAin u 

lung das£id vuut'], or ft vuwal elosed bj two eouBiMiftiilfl ; e^. 
dinbu '/iH^ utruth, bjUjidu 7jjd iilla^ij raQ-Hkhlta^ reprvot^ 

UiUt^h.— TVlierr) bbe vovt^l of thtr Autepeiiulb in i7 Bt&mJ- 
ing f'^r na fir u^r» thi^ Aocenr* will ba on the pooult^ aa yiiM^u th&ij 
ffivc birih, »^ ftUu wh^o the ikjit^penujt coiirajcis tbe dipbttcro^- 
a (or S) fitiiitdin;: foi- ^ly, a^ kuv\i\y\say pitiffy if,). 
BomvitLm«« lit }iiurtu(] Hp^irvU duea iiut full on ajiy particuliu- 
fijlkble, as in tbi^Tord tani in tatii maitu m[i ti'milsiie kedo! 
dort'i do so i^'jatn f 

Mcraosyllabit words ecdbg iu n short rowel, nfl wi, ire a«rf, 
bi, )i, 4^'T uxfi geueiuUy iiufku«rjted, but tomcLimw it fulkiwing 
woi'iH !•> ^mpbui^i^ed by fl stro» being luid on them, ^^ una qulti 
Ink iiiiirrn >vi t t^iiiyfi wj t tiklta J Aarc /o/r/ you 1/^11:0 j^rcJ /m'io? 
aiiiZ tiiTit:^^ iiitu Ui'tf? kiujii^lt Im' kALAiLiok Jitbfdu tn'H kiVf ftrvvcd 
to be a iiar hi/ ^oiir •/irji ir/uf'-iiiriif. TLe prepositioQs bi^ li, with 
tbv piviiu>r]ii]jikJ SU&A06 and the demunstratiTe da, di, become 
wuclitii^ vbyu m>t i-Uipluvtic, and hiv roKard^d 43 part of thu 
piw^t^diBg ^ wuid. Eveu diiu (fur iJtL ne) thruiA> back its accent, 
X6 iu kullo mik diiu, 

EXERCISE IN PRONUNCIATION iND 
ACCENTUATION " 

Hit&yit il ^ai'Oini I mozl^. 

KfLii i\ [^LLrAjrul rdb 70m mill ddl Jf^raq bet vfC^id t/^gir. Qi^m 
tfli* 'uU 1 bel'^ ve iuj»ik fi ^h ablbbOk. THi' bb ahibb^ C Idu, 
wiqi" "ttUi 1 iin), ink;ismt- Hglu- Khad bH'dn wh ralj yl'riig *auil 
U qil'lL ; <jiii )u : " Auu kunti? i^^b i^antq bet it ttigir ii fuJA[ut ; 
(llrtc 'oU t i^^^ ne misikto fi &b E^liibbAk ; qaia ifih bhibbilt xUi* 
fi Ml; wiqi'i., iuk'i^uit ligli." Qam II qiiii imar willjld 'rink^id 
yanll;!' yeglb ^bh il hfic, RA^ gSbii we gih qiiddam il qi£dl. 

^ But irord^ *A tbU fomi are gonenUlj coutiiict^J* 

^ Tbough LUey nr« not, so printed ki tbb worki Ui prevtmb 

coofnBioL. 

B Ttie Vnurdf coutoLDcd in the follcnving storv will bo foiuid lu 

the votcibidorieft. * So? S 11, 'toU^ 



so 



THE SPOKEN AUABIC OF EGYPT 



Shu I har^Qkl da 1 miiEUn bin r^ylh ji^n-aq bolid- ; {ill* ^nln J 
)^9(a; mfeik fi eh fihibbftk; qhta ieh shibbjlk tiil^ fi tJu ; uiq!\ 
iiikanrit ti^lu; bAqa 1 ^jqi^ ^K-k dilwiub." Ql^I Iu -qi^EiLi W Lit; 
"W :Litarira:lT, yl^ afd] 1 biiwn una fill ru.kk{1>T, i^li tJlLiiilrnkf fl't 
ghughl in nnic^ar illi ^imalu," IJAI iJ qudf : ** Uatu d img^ir f " 
R4^u giibQh ; qui Jii 1 q^ilf : '^ I^cfy iiitA tua rbkkibLiHh ish 
Mhh&k dft Ktfyi u uiifil Abu bi sibjibak i] \j!Muia^ ^ III knn uiyWj 
ymuq btl irrfigU il» ixiqi', inlcusai-it riglu " Qnl Iu: " W Ann 
mit 11, >a slill 7 da piueL ebrt^liH : diL sbu^bl U bjini^fl ilU inkkib 
lah atibbilk Ja fi 1 VV" Q^i il qfi-Il : " Tfliy^b, hily I hnimur 
RiJju ^ikbQh. ^'alu I i^mU : *^ L^b euh lukkibti^t !^li RhibbAtc 
da l^ijib t" Qallu : '* Wallah!, yit e!dr, tin w aiin b^itnii I Ut da 
kfinit bintti ^ilvm fdjta 'att^yu JAltsa gullublyn lan^bff^bb sfih^bn 
kuwaiylaa, Ba-ti?^ XLha., qutnt itlab^t ^un sbuf^li \ve ink 'ixitiisU 
arukkib bh abibbak Ecyi u n^.'* QilI IuIujetl il t\t\.\l : ^' KtlljiJ 
h&tu 1 bint illi kiLTiit labi^a g gnllabfyu k kuvnivfsi <lf." QdiDU 
t&bu»^bQt4 Ju. Qui lihA 1 qfidt : <' Lfih kMnlT Inb^t g ^IIFi- 
biya 1 uuLsbngbn ) " QJklit Iu : " W nmt uiA If f du I J^^i^ *»Iii 
a eMiH^h illi silmgh U ga1Ubh-i% Hi kunie bb^Ahik/' Amjir il 
tjidl yegibu B sabbjigh. Biha gftbflh ; iRkic Din 'ir^fsho ywjfll 
baga. Qimi il qSdi qui luhum ; " Kbudflh, iBbi^tiqCllj ^.li! h&b 
dokklnu," Klukilfih yiflhauqfil^ loqfih t^twll we bftb id ilukkAii 
wK^t. Eihfi qfilii 11 1 qadl : " Tia r vkgW tawi) q^wt wo Imb id 
dutkfts fUgbniyjii ; nybliL oiiLhiitiqu uC^yl " QA) JCh^iEu il qAdl ; 
"BGlfLa uhtifii Ikum wihid quQalyar, iahtiuqfib/' HiJ^uiu douwAnt 
'alu wAJjid qu^iyur, kiuHJabi ahauttqAli. 

THE ARTICLE 

I 40. Tbci-o are tvro artiolc^ in BgypUAt) Antl^ic— tlio definiU 
Article il ' t^i'; vhich ia iadi»clinitbl«», &ml ihn innlvliriito v^dil^id, 
wbicb jL^iNt-t in gondear und uiitiibor with ItH n<juii» wh»rl']ii*r m* 
|irattwl or uuJui'itJjul, om il bftb tfw ditar^ W iuhiu fA^ nfom-any \t 

Kkmaiik u. — Tb(- iidjH.i:iv» faU^vWD iu bubbluitjvi^ and wheu 

> Not d, jift K 16 gDfit'iiklly writMn, tbtiu^b tbo very i»pdd 
arid Bcimi-vcnrel nnfiiro of tb« Andtk ' trritlji to givr lliv ^ • 
■lilfhb r-poliiuritig. The ftitl viilup tA Lhn \nwid rpiL»H-nji in 
tfi[|tb[>iiio ffjuhtili. U u vrittaD ii in Multvi* It oflau )iu an 
obBLiirv, m*iiU*r Bound. 

^ Fur tho tbudniiUtiun of bbe /, a^ j 3ft. 



THE ARTICLE 



37 



the latter is definito the vbiole is repeated with the adjective, ba 
i] b&b il kiblr the big d^wr. 

Rkmabe b. — The indefinite article is very commonly omitted, 
or its place i& supplied bj a noun of unity (§ 42), 





VOOABULAEY 




umm 


mother 


darab 


he gtTuckyfited 


abub 


hU father 


darabU 


they atruek 


hot 


hotm 


wiqi' 


he fell 


walad (pi. 


boy 


kSn 


he IBM 


wilfrd) 




rftt 


he teent 


bint (pi. 


^rl, daaghter 


'add 


he bit 


batiit) 




y^ 


he vnlt come 


kitib 


book 


Ghidld 


strong^ violent 


qalam 


pen 


kuwaiyis 


pretty 


nawa 


iemd 


*agQz 


old 


l^Ulj&D 


fioraa 


t^ 


fresh 


k^b 


dog 


taiyib 


good 


babflr 


steamboat, 


iawid 


black 




train 


kiblr (f. 


big, old 


kural 


chair 


kiblra) 




r&fl(f.) 


head 


^ughaiyar 


amall, little 


Id 


hand 


batUl 


bad 


qulta 


cat 


gi^&n, ga^&n 


hungry 


^ufi-a, sufra 


dinUig-tabU 


huwa, hHwa 


he, il 


gih 


he r<OTUf A<u 


hina 


h^ 




come 


bukra 


to-morrow 


iddtnt 


give Ttte 


-a» 


hie^ him, it 


ahuft 


I tatc 


-ha^ 


her, its, it 


katabiut 


tee vrrote 







Note. — The present tens© of the subatantdve verb i^ not 
generally expressed in Arabic in positive fientencee. 



EXERCISE 1 

Ummt gat> Iddfut qalam. Shufte bu^ftn iswid. Ir rigglUa 
hina. Katabna I kitfib- II banat darabu umml. II walad 
wiqi*. I) bu^n kuwaiyis. Ir r&gil 'a^Hi. II hawa kftn sbJdld. 
Hfiva r^ 11 k&lbe 'add il bint II babQr yig! bukra. II 
kurst iflwid. II *gsh \Aibl. Wa^da m&ra gat. AbHh r&gil t&iyib. 
Kalbu ga'&n. Qalnmha battftl- 

1 Attached aa inseparable auffixea to verbe, noime, prepo- 
sitions, and conjunction^^ 



36 



THE aPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



EXERCISK 2 

The stflftmboftt is sniii.IL The horse U hungry. The bonse 
hB6 falJen, A bi^ dmin^ Ij^ble- A liErUo boy hoa coin& Give 
ms (d.) good pen. The men etnick t\i& hoy. A large etcftmboftt 
ramfl, 1*bp hnrsf bit t.h& tlcjg, A liig Iwiy cjlehu (bjmI) struck tJie 
glrla. Her bead is Urgo. 

THE NOUN 

THE NO"DN SUBt^TAJ^TlVE 

§ 41. The noMii in Arttbk" may btj either priinftire, ne bjlb rfowr, 
or deriv.-Ltive, oa metkib thif (from rnkikir //e r^j'^). Of the 
latter the majority are derived fi'om T^rhs,* hiif. a lurge mimber 
u^ denoiciiuitivs, i-^. denv^ from other qoudr, us mvtixkhi 
fj^xUman (from morkib), bauwih doork'^per (from bjVb), bad \ few 
from other parts uf evpeecb, afi ma'lju court, tuite, fmm Uie 
preposition tna" imffi. 

§4^- DenominiLtivea inelude: — 

(a) Ndud^ of unity, denoting tho indiviJu[Ll uL' a, cIasb* 
These are fumied by the a<ldibii>n of a to the prLuiJiiv'ti noun, 
or ya where the noun tndfi io a vowel ; e.;?. : — 



baq&r 


Mntt 


tfliUfcTA 


acor^ 


ghaaain 


afw^p 


ghnUHmik 


'i rAeffji 


gimCia 


tiiffiiioea 


gAmftaft 


<i bit§'iiM 


ti^mak 


JU/t 


fmnjvka 


ajiah 


flofiftr, ahftgai 


■ trctg 


fugorv, &h«4:um a frrti 


IteattA 


fOia. 


J /;(<mi 


b&t&^A 


jnftato&s 


ba|at^ (for 

baf Atiiu ) 


a pirtalu 


silliiD 


ntfipx, f fllW«T 


^Uis& 


11 nl^p 


tdb 


Itrti'/v9 


tOVlA 


fl itrtek 


1)ft£kawtt 


thiKvite 


bo«khw1tA 


a bjJ-Tiui 


fhoghl 


vark 


ahiighJjL ^ 


fhinij to lio 


l^ftttB 


n kind of «*- 


qutUya * 


a eufombrr 


kutuaiilra 


p«trA 


kumiiiitirAya 


a pear 


yxiotviendi- 


rfj^wfaHft 


^upift^erullyA 


n maTtifarrn 




btjtfju 





1 For thv fonn«tiob of tl^oxu inning ana nnder tbe vurii 
* Thi- a iH Inigtliem*! by thi* iLv^-vnl fulling tm i1. 



THE NOUN 



Sd 



Ukuakx n, — TliG pvimilive ftirme baqniv pm;nr, Ac, wq 
collective nouiis, itBuoUiig the whole clftw, not, strict! j >ij>enkiug, 
t'liirnla,' Thej peiicTmlly tlitm-scli e^ *i.ilmit- of a jiJlhuI foiin oh 
well us tlie nouns of unity. Thej- me o"e<l moTG fref|ueBtly i^ 
ruhtimLl thim attidi^ial objects, atid f^ thr> cnse of auimnlg tbn 
■AiDe fortD denotes both the male and feiiulD ludividiinK 

RcnCAKK b.— From buTjrluq ffiiju^ ie Forined bimdiiiftyft a fWi/ 
bltnm UvTifl, mukii.s ^nrvH. 

K&UAAK ^.^The fort'i^ word fuirikh riiftLtxa both Akif« &&<! 
-J *^//, gAii and giitQ ^'-uti and 7-f(itM (b>it ifcfl ndjuctiv*! ginut 
and its fern, giniifjit nr^ nlsri uwii of the iinl[viiiii»l). On t.he 
4^tb?r band, qamnr nnd qumnm rrtvon, sibbln and fiikklun a 
K-rrirr, i^hAia and ^iiflmiL a thick ftich^ n4ld Botno others iLTe Ti<^d 
indifferenlHlr uf li»r? eui|t]e object only/ 

RKMAl[^ '/. — Tlie noiin nf unity wniKHiiuos dnnM-efl a portioQ 
of tln> whiila, n6 ijninh ir/t'^l. cfHrnlin ^j fiWr/ -a- f% gtJht!/ quantif^j 
Ctf tfJtcatj beiliii^Aii Ih'j t'^fj-plnnt, Irfwltngiufl it fr/fhl of e-rj-piartfe 
(op « Mnfjl" i'^fs-iifttttfj, EiiiLifiLl. *ti.Klii"}frrfi, iuui|A].)i rj. ^^jj r;/ tVJ^UIVt- 

ftmi. From i^nmlj/L U fnrmwJ i^annhftjA a ittxvitutl of I'hvui (or 

<|Aflh9hftya i rtrrj/ /tV/^'' *^rft«' (t»r a Nn-ti" of etrnn'). 

Not a. fi'W noLxl^ ilonotlng niitioiutiiliea (oiin tb«r nguiui uf 
lUilty by editing thu iuii^ctiva] teriDiiiii.ti{in i, m : — 



lifi^'lls 


tJif Epffiuh 


iugllfil 


uti Eii'jli'hinan 


i1 'iL^ELra 


th€ PefEtans 


■ugDml 


1 PenioM 


il 'limb 


the Arabe 


■a»bl 


an Arah 


ir lilm 


th< fJrtekt 


zQmi 


li Greek 


isb thm^kas 


tfiK CiraiBta'aR* 


sharkofit 


a Cirtaattin 


i] nma'ilt 


thf Aihantfins 


iirtib'ti^t 


'!ii AU>iim<tM 


)] HrnTi^ 


the Huriip^atLi 


ifnLupi 


a A'i'n/jiean 


il tQihikjln 


ih^ JjncnVoflfl 


innln-kniil 


ttn American 


hh [^bilikbE' 


ihr Pohc/rrian^ 


sbilikhLi 


iL BaJienaan 



> We miiy rftTTifftT* pM», prtvfi, pertsp; penny, pnnnies, penc*; 
finli, fi-'hffi. fi"h. in English. But tbe En^^lisb collorlipe nooiu 
hhv*" uo pl»n'iil- It is etrrtnifr ih^t t-h? liurtU of tho Aratde 
4V)1lM>liv<iH /^hoiilcl dHEiiiite Uui imhvidurU. Tbt^iv i6 VHry little 
«lilfi>ren[;c!i in un'riniti^' b&twf^^n tfae plutiil of th« iiunn <if utiily 
an-l tliftt. <jf tho i^olto-'iive. 

> We «iy bi I Il'1 b^ niV/A^ fi I 1^1 in fAt? nr'^'r/, l^t ii 
lUibAr lii'jht rmti 'fn^, b»i( ]i^hi n nifMJ. it l^U iv-riT^hl. Th** 
hi^b^r i^lawea ujs« qiitiuirA only Id fbe adns* of m&mli^ht, if 
At nlL 



«) 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



Belfl-tive ■djecUvea need us subatontiroa And denotiiig a pro- 
FfHaioij. tra^e,or iiunlitj' fltb fcmi^J by the vnwel £ or iliG Turkuh 
tericiiyitioii ;/f being addwl to the j>larkU, unrl opi.^nHi.TLJilljr to thv 
•in^iilar of the primiti^'o iiotua ; a.^, ai^'filt i^at'-fimaJ^r-r ffrotii 
fli'iti, pL of si'a 'ffoii-Jj], bftr.id'i inidfr tjj liofdvi/s/nhfUa (from 
hirili', pi. uf l^arita'a a donker/'S'uf'ff'-). am^hn.-H {(or iiiiiali4'fll) 
(iffch-leiii-ei- (from mashil*iJ torfhet), kutbi fiookit^hf (fmni biittili 
^hwjA-j), lJi4?liriUtgI f«nff/flr flf ceixni-mi'ft (from t*t3br[ffit, pi, of 
Uahrtfa), bitiftmil^! to'ifier (froai Uu-uuiil, pin af lurmll laird), 

R^fAB-K —Tbe t«]-ruiD(ition «;)! becotu^a M in li few wivds, 

as tambokdbl ft tfc/iur '/ t^jruhuJ^ (Per^iaa ti'hac£tj), gLimi'uk^bt 

Tho pHmitrive nmni, whether in the pbinJ or singiiW, oFteri 
unii«rga«s some chjiDgd when rcceiriag the tertu itxnticn ; e-,'^, 
diiknkn! n »hopkfepr^ ^frota dok^tn, pL of dukkAn nfiGfi) — the i 
fallLii^ outt^ hvau^jufiiH^trrr iji-omx fuifkd^T pi. of fE^rritg), tut-sliagi 
td!^ofpirki€t{tT*ni\ X^xvfMl iiirkhii), burQgl t«iy/er(frfim hQrl huyCtl^ 
tftjfcar^ tirk'^t-eGilcrfpr (froin tatkaia ticket) — the n fi*lliiijf out i eu 

Ijrisi" Tno/j). Id (m:i\i1 'jrai^-'H'j'j^r (f pojn i urab ear(k).ii,U'\. klividArl 
i7raenf;fWA' (from khud&r yrf«r£#), the a la t^hocMnL'd, I n puinjulg! 
fruTtk-makGf {iTom »Qadiq, pL of aand^ i^oj^)t '^^ ooufioiuutt »a 
YinW Ba the Tiuwel hiLs fallvn out. 

Borne UOUII5 of thi^ cIar) are formed rrom fictiliuLzs nr unnsod 
plurals; e.j/. bara.'^mi v^fi'lfH' of chver, dakhakhnl^d'ifif'.'oBjW, fiLTu.Ui 
^j^rr/fVM^A' {Irom euppoei^d pluiulti bbWLdin, diLkiiELkbliii fnf^t^), 
i;i£aii]AlI iliA/t^mak^Tt from an unuued plural of gl^iiu (itself tho 
plutul i/ ^ilkdik). 

A fovr fJLk^ tbd t«riamation dni^ and otlt»>ra are qiiJti< irrogul&r 
ill thoJr foTttiHtion ; f ,^, fuSftkhiiil iieUci' fff faeifih {i*itfi'yi jUTi), 
)|jhlaw&ril (or tftlwj,g:) fWiiVY^'^rttir (from huJiVwa BUtrtt), fakahAnl 
/ruiV-»rrr,fivnri fiJ(-hfl(for fAkilirLjynii;,ri)iftTunihqt«'/ZTJj/'*rtMy(friini 
ni^OqJT bfltJitl, bft*4WotI, or buswi^ l-eeper of a hcevilio^ (bCiwi), 
a i/niflivni, ^uramiU otti'hhf (fi-om funna a i«><ri o/tthoe). quiwUtl 
a kr^m- of ttuftiki>!i)i{i\\xv^*\), khMmirgl innk^iper (fruui khiimamlr, 
pL of khammAr«), mn'iddflwl /in-yTHfi™ (from ma'wldh-ft/ivvy) : 
'utaql«o''>U«riSt«0]ii« to bo formed from the adjective ^ntlqan^mf; 



1 I'haan wimJA ua horrowitd diraoL from TuHcJJth, iu vhjrh 

* It in rvuu(ii^L« bovki-vrx,in aak&ktU A^/ar, aivl vonu' vtbcim 

* A Turkub word fur which 'omblya ia ueiud in Anbiii 



THE N'OUN 



41 



^h) TL« alisLi'm^l uioa of tJtm pTiruitivo tiouii- 

}ii1ktljLt;livcH uf thia dau end iii Cy^, and ikr« oft^a icIoaiJcuL 
with tlifl ferimiue sjugukr of the mluLlvt^ odjettivB »ir uf ^ stip- 
i>fj*od leliitive fTiiliiig m i, ^.y. insinij'jv hun/dni/i; (frriiri iiisJm* 
W>7Jafl]f ittif^ilT;,'!^ rTyfjcmtyji {fi'oui ittiftlqi^f b&^hawIyJL fiuilia^hiji, 

/Ae A/^ r^ *Ui>i<iu {headman ly a viiltv/e), musbghlUiva <i Anny 

c^iia^if (adj. 'ftiibj, gumfidlja. A^rrfH«», khushdnlyn roui/li- 
Tb(» fiiLXDe form sometiEues denotes cooa^te objtti.'ta; r.f/. 

#rrwt or tht^ ^'Tcat iM/. 

J;pa^bt^ ji ffie imr "Jice, for {nnwvrl) iJ um&r i\ hftrbijn. 

IIeuailh L. — bomctiiu^if tibei d i^ 1:10 uonn id us« ta wbicb tho 
subfLLiiitivc t]^i be refi'vreii fur ite origm, as fa^ql^ /mnfinii, 
Ifkniifijn /a/'t butlJnljQ b(ankst. 

(f) The dituinutivo t>f tbo originftl uona. This cJn*?^ in moio 
hmited iti Caireui? Arabic tlian thi^ Htcrotj dijilect, Tbi' ffinus 

ttauijht^t *jirl (frcim biot), shuwniy.i a /jf//^ (fr<"Jin shfi ^Aiijj), 
*riiuiyid aj^.n/i L'lj (from wabLd), Kiiliftijim,* p*. a* (frnm mhlm 
mmrc^A^/), blT.iijrA /fUf (from bnl^r ffra), qutit /rVm (fiom qutt 
raf), kiilrb }iHpjry (frtim kulb ^i*^), Hhaiv f'^lia n /»^i/*" f u/i d/ hair 
(from EliLltbji), ■iib^'*! hrtlt' tlatf {in j/r. n. 'libod Alia), ^awtqn ' 
a lUlU ntariei pliit'i' (from ^^^)t binGiil ^mtUI trjaf (frotti I^AnHiij), 
^•ttflU (or fottfll) \f"^>i'j f'l-lf I From ailt). fnsffbm amall afinrfiM. 
f|ftnifl*hA uriuUl hi^'-'fJin^ il:ilIri*H t^rtiiit rhihi (no prunilivf* nmm). 



^ j\I<UiiUat AA dustiri^uiidiai from ^ublj mofm. 
* Aa difttiixi^iLiHbfid froiu j^r. 

' Ni^ mudj uovd ia Cuiru. 



4S 



THE SPOJCEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



Uttlf Zfnah, ba^yn pond {hem bolir), giibHUja ' hiitock, ^x^itf, 

(fruiD gab&l intifiTitairi), ^agar^jn stimb, ckn^ (tot muj^a, fur 
miiwfeya) tenter, fn^m tna' (not naed), 

{f}) A ooLlection or multitude of thin^, oa nuq&t a fjed v^ 
ataitflrhtn (from qatta),^ 

VOCABULATIT 



h&t 


irtn;? 


It 


W me 


Hdft 


he tinif 


frn? 


^ihe>t ? 


gfib 


he LftfV/jhl 


fl'^l 


«w, ryj, ^rtr 


yegih 


he fn'Jf hrimj 


qiLvrl 


vwry 


FftC&b 


h& opened 


min 


from 


Ef^ndl 


r/en^/ffEOff, air 


'^la 


<m 


kubrit 


EXER 


mill *)Lla 
:iSE 3 


from <^ 



yegfb is b&'& bukru. BliufL U kiilb ji 1 uiaqit. Li^femli \vit^i* miu 
*jlU Jjufinu- II kiilob ^add il quft^ 11 gajmagi gib it guiuiu. 
If rfl^U iddii I ^u^an bordm, Gib bitia r^I *ng<|a qawl^ U 
^Ainb^ogt Htb il b^l {hmiey 

EXERCISE 4 

The boy will brinj; the book. Tho doorkecptr opf-ufid tb# 
doctTr The gentleman is verj huugrj. The prvslrj^cook g^via 
the boy a biM;iiir». Th« ikig siAW tho kit;t4'n up t.lii> Tirtie. TSh 
cova nra vor^ ^niulL Giv^ itj9 (kofq^^ wEiter, I'bu pidJee ora 
an the bbbJe. Tlie fnuntuio \a very \arg& (fO< ^'^ gavb me a 
liuJ«. BritLK m« a wntcK 

THE NOtTN ADJECTIVE 

% 43- The ileriTiktiTe ad jwlrivcAt like the mhAtiUitivec, taay b« 
eftht-r ti-tIwI or dennmiuHlivp. 

g 41. KvJittivu njijtictjv«s &ro formed hv tt\e addition of LUa 



* CoDipnn> 11^Mf< of th« AAnie Toiiii mobtjon^ a^hcna (a, 
Hi>m- ^/ ). Thf'y mny nl.^a h« rv^ranJed nn dtniinntiTM. 

= TLv otl)^ iniituibt'u, |>«rhjkfjii^ in ttm vpokL-o t^rigUhfC*, Tha 
Ut^riLrv foL-ui id inA^tJi&'nt. froiu qiliLthikt ( =q[itUi). 

* The udverh folluwa the ailjrcUve it quoiifleeL 



THE NOUN 



43 



Kifjar 



yfOT 
ffmtter 



imntions i, lei, aicf, dim, dnt, dttf or /( to the printitive tioqh ^ 
turkl TurHih from turk 

mikknrt rui/ari/ 

gbalnbftwl tfAaf^sTiflj, 

huwiliol first 

Itltti nightly 

bogluWll f^ B(ig*.itid 

IIe^iark n.— Mftuy hdjecti^ofl in 'fw'* »re used onlj ila 

gftlittlAwt a mi^iinfninesr tantitwl 
HUDTD&wl tn 11^1 Wmi (from 

simmpoiiton) dungaUwl 
twi Egypt iaji 



flukkikr 
rfiahr 

rigiU (pi. 
of riVJ^il) 

turf 

lai 



pvdt point 

\iatj 

Mffhi 



Tantfl 

a native 






turkftwt (or 

Remark ft.^-FAqftn! upjvr. \s formed frf^m the pT¥jiosidnii Fftq, 
tAhtftnl tf'irer, from taht henea/fi^ qiLblint fi-ofn t|ivbl, 

HFaLiiiK ', — Aa in tLe case of mlb3tonti^.l^, n lettftr \a fwme- 
tiHiwJH fliiiieil ti> tho priiaitive uouu, aa khiJjiqt <pti'k-t&!r*{rKT'il 
(from khnl^ /'*Tjj^yffl'), >Lo!it subrtAiitiv-efi in a form tlipEr relitive 
ftdjflCiiViw by clmn^ing that vo^t'ol into f, aft khilijn ntthtrr. 
khilr|t uatutui, frhitiviL u'in/rr, BLitwth DamTQ hh^n-i, makee 
4Jnmiiwt, iikttkh tiruitiPT, akliAwt ; i^biituq dnjwjhi leii^tiit^s the 
a of UiA finnl svlltlile and tnakAri ^baviql ; i^harqawj, thi^ugb 
formod from. «hrLn| vi^, in Ul(^ relative &djectivo of sborqlya, Utd 
liTOvimjt (jf ibrtt [LtkUie ; so gharbAwt jvdivt of Oharhtya, bahiiwi 
(from J«tr) nn^frw* r^r" Bffiern.. A few in 1 are foniied like *uh- 
«lAnliv4>4 d^^iiotm^ ti^id^ri. 9ic,, from plurola (fome uniisn) or 
fictitiotiB^t (w fffihA^lW hfJotv^in^ io th^^ itht/ni call^ qtt!njnfj (p|, 
qAbnijlb),^ fiun:|>t (for forJljiJiJ] Ttfa/ia'j to a vtiijiaij ffnim Tmi^), 
ft%fiitii< irkiniMtnii {hi'UX fji*<llsn.). 

KvautiK li. — 'X'li« t^rmiD'vlion It is bcurowed Ftoiel the TurkJAfi. 
Itotlj it iLoi ftft t%xe but spoi'ingly usocL 



Miifmur qnbjiqtbi ie uA^ of tmotl nafft, Hh tackt. 



44 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYFF 



§ 45. Dimiuutire forma of adjt^ctivcl^ uro reetrict«tl to a, few 
words, which ore, however, bhemfltlvea in ooiistant use; c^. : — 



qulniyil 

^iighsiyari (op 

khuf ^iyif * 
kuwifcivis * 



rtkurt 



from qiilil 



from klmftf Win 



preiijf, ueat 

fiavtty, Mweft from ^ilw, 

ZwghftDimn, ^ugha-t^t* ^"g^lV'U iiiglianrjftn iitit/^ &t« doubly 
dimmutjve. 



COBIPOUNIJ NOUNS 

§ 40. It ia ciiubrarj to tbt? groius of Aiwliic to form a uew 
noun by the uninn of two primitive ones ; Initii few words of t.hi* 
construi^lion have cii^pt into the Unguu-ge, cbielly through the 
iiifliieoce of TorkiJ^-b ; €,'j. ; — 



■uriljihiJ 


yWiii'om 


ifritf^K, and 




mawjtrd 


rofce-trafer 


Tiii-k.kLiinii) 




'atilmrsbfty 


auihci'-ffi9' 


IfiUbkhiiiiik 


library 


rismill (for r^ 


aijiital 


*iu'lHiklij\im 


coath-ho^m 


real) 




nntikhiiDu, (for- 


tniAMrm 


qAriujiuAqjLm 


£icui'^atU- 


ftTitikukhiLim] 






t-oionti 


tab?ii]ii^^ 


ta£-€tAUc- 


bfL^bbfttib 


hrtvi flerit 


(Amb. wiThIi 


ti/r . 


(Turk, hush 




: 


and Arab. 




mmnitrion) 


■ 


kidb)" 




yuKliAfeh! 


fajitaiH 


Q^a^ikhJlnA 


ptuinnary 


Binlir'^(Pere.) 


cinmmandm-- 


(Aribk Aj^£u 






f A'^A h/ 



rtT,sirthR-' — A oompouud i»4 3f>m©tiiii*H formi'd lo «pn»c by two 
wuitls j>Wml oite uf lei th^ oU^ei' wilbuut « cuiiju option bo musvct 
Lhfitii, 08 bn^rt ^hnrbl fujrf/i-imrf, filiunAAt sad i&nq lttui$/t hifteM 

> Froui tphe nrely uneU fotitiH qo+lr, fogblr. 

* Fnna a supfK^tHJ form, biwifi. 

* I^Oh ^c'i /lA-f OTFiZ-iri' (f* ^trMt cry). 

^ So bu^hnmbaitdii, 1iiuJi>haHdt»h (oftaa prQDmiliowl bit- 
fc]uivrj*.h), twAkniuluttiAb, ttc. 

' yrotu>aiiccd eidrwUr bj tb« uB»dw»t>«J. 



COilPABISON OF ADJECTIVES 



45 



r 


VOCABULARY 




wisb^h 


fOM 


laqfit 


I/ounrl^ hai>^ 


f^i^xv^b 


tetttr 




ftmad 


MlNfT 


C.niro 


nir 


v^ffit, trhicfi 


<\a}ArtL rU|Af 


h't't'pvtcil 


inbfLrib 


ytflfffTtlftU 


vmnu| 


jfapf*^ 


fi 


in 


8hihbak 


icituto'C 


ni, wo, fl 


and 


kiJ 


af\ t'ulder 


kem&n, ka- 


tofj, o/m, *ttV 


HUdn 


jitrtat 


[D,ia 




t&^vU 


kmfi, Ml 


Bkin 


ha 


■All 


hicifu liin<^ 


]], le. 111 


to 


hhullr 


dftiff 


y, \ie, ba 


in, irr'iA 


flL||>L|j 


hf rrpnif^l 


^via, fi jffH 


ye^ 


rcLbO 


EXER< 


:nsE c 





Ir rApl pAb il bun^Iur^Iya min Wt we djirahhn B winlishi;* 
Hit il kiab ilK FAq I? fufm. 1h bk^hnfat^f katab ^av>ab ^vdJ 
1) ivnrno. Shuft jihi^b, lAkjD fAn ukbtui II JjuKarl gih tpb&ritt 

Wjlnl wi ] friknliJiiit rikfl 'ilIu bf'bLuk w^ g^bu 1 buk&wtt «i 1 
huinmitm. Is e^'^ti galkb i^ ^^^ ; ^Hwa r&fpl ali^tir qihwl. 



ETEEOISE 6 

The lady arid bi^r drkugbt^rs w^nt tn Cairo j^ect^rdrLy, L bare 
foiind u ^Uort (icncJ on tlio dituUf^-tiiblB. Bric|! it hate And 
briixg A pen and pAper Urn. He is verv talU his shoulder 
comew above ibt- window. M'ill lie come here t*nnonv)W V Ym, 
«nd be will lirinc hi» futJier an<\ hin iiioth«<r too> TLe window ia 
TiT3" smivU, \>^t lb© Loiiflo is bi^. The cuetom-touse cifJiL^i r cadh' 
nml iTyvneA lIip diKir. I saw a tiiij dog in the *.tj-eetH Au old 
fsmi^htiiiin U"oii^ht me Lo tlie nrar-offico. He gure the girl & p««r. 
llie m:in id very qukck-l^inpored ; he ho^ atfuok the Httle boy 
and titc ^J loo, 

OOMPARISON OP ADJECTIVES 

J A7. The LVJtn panttivt is exprcti<id :— 

(a) hy the positive folUivrvil iti outifitruotion b^ tL« pr^ 
liTWilinn "nn, iir (lesj* njomNj) muj thfot- 

(hj hy n trnw form deHved front tbe paeitive, nrnT followed 
in con^tfiidioQ by thu prepor^itiou miii, or {}ett& usiinlly) *&u. 



^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^V^^^^^^B^^B^^^I 


^H 46 THK SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT ^^^H 


^^H % 48. Th« »uf>erlativQ u iddalicnl in form with t1i$ denvad ^^| 


^^H comptiratdvet o£ whicli thu FoUowId^ are iaBtances : — ^^H 


^^^^^H ftkbar greaiar froot kibtr ^^H 


^^^^^1 M^liA^ mmUei' AUgbikijar (vighlr) ^^H 


^^^^^1 ftictiiLT nwre ^^H 


^^^^^H Hrkhii^ cheaper rikhi^ ^^H 


^^^^^H ftii'Uf cieantT u{-\il ^^^^^^ 


^^^^^H hkwub 2'^dtier kuwaiyU ^^^^^H 


^^^^^H a^sao bettfl.r hiki^imfiiTiuEi^d (Except ^^^^^| 


^^^^^1 as a ^^^^H 


^^^^^1 ikqall „ ^^^^^M 


^^^^H akbiiff kbaftf ^^^^1 


^^^^^H ^ghln dmrer „ ^^H 


^^^^^H aal^db i^it«r vihifib ^^H 


^^^^^H jrt'jrf:^ uccuftfi^ ,, maVGn ^^^| 


^^^^^B aliamzu ni^e i/n^i/fiant muhimui ^^H 


^^^^^^P adTia lewt viih do con'&spondliig ^^H 


^^^^^^r poeitivG in uhu ^^H 


^^H RCALutS. — Ob«Qrvv tbntthe^ worda art) of uniform oaaHbrne- ^^H 


^^^1 tivu, VfIUi tliu t&ccpt.ioiiuF tliostt wliiclieud lq a liuublo [^i>u?:ioiitt]>li ; ^^^| 


^^^H lUifl-U is Ftii jujLlI^ iihiitniu for aiLmaiD- Shiilirl stri'itg, hurj the two ^^^| 


^^H form£ titibduil and u^liadd. ^^^| 


^H VOCABO LAKY ^| 


^^H li0ut aj/ple» 


qaiul^ tih irt ^^^^^^ 


^^H barq&q j'luiiia 


iti^z bunaTHU ^^^^^^ 


^^H IjUu Awr 


Litiiail price ^^^^H 


^^H Qiblt frrh? 


tiqll, teqll ^^H 


^^H tanfcb(;;c» (M^ 


he r4irried ^^H 


^^H ginnia ■/ur'i<fn 


isbUim Ar hi%<fht ^^H 


^^H ginSb ^ deriiiyj 


'biirti thrrti^ iAaiV ^^H 


^^H AbQya riti//cUier 


-UA ^ U4, fmr ^^H 


^^^P 7 ^1 


^ Hiitta iihtan. (mfT-iL w9 kiLi-»<l nk>Llf w« gabbiUQ 'ftla I IWH. ^^H 


^^H 11 kuret f;bAU 'an i^ i^ufiu. Iddlui qiktiim ru^M lawtL II IJAb ^^H 


^^H ukwnauUli ubibbilt In e^udiaii Ui^il, likiuakWlTo min U ht.vxii\l. ^1 


^^^1 11 Irinto atwal uLu umiuU #i I wiklad 4ueui)'iir 'an aLi^ja. U bin ^^H 


^^H jirkbat mm in oibtt vn \ vuoij'ii urkhnf w Atia^^ti mil lltni^n, ^^^| 


^^B U walad Uhtaj« qj^mlf afwckl miu ljiitt4Ul>'^' Huwu Lu^ghif ^^^| 


^^^ akffiui. ^^H 


^^^^^L 1nAej)arvb!« aviffix**. ^^H 



NOUNS SUBSTANTIVE AND ADJECTIVE 



47 



EXERCISE 8 

The barrels (jtre) i^Lcdiper tliun this lioxo.-^- Th<: aLocmoker, 
whu wiu^ Lu Uie t'Ji^j'^leu yestci^Uy, le tuW^t tLtui the Iruiterer 
H'bn fiiDii^ht tti« nppl^^iiiid the |i^Ard t^^j tbe bori^. The iiAtiv^ 
of- the -province- of -8 hanp^'iL 19 stronger tban the i^bbW ; ho 
cftFTifid & ahcep ill u heavy tx^x on hia shuuldor. Th& cliair is 
VBTj laige, bjL the tjiblo Ji^ still Wgtii\ Tbe pHcir is ]tif^ fJuui a 
pound ; it le very i?heii|i. Tb« |Kuir U big;gpr and ^t^jki^r tlini; the 
Appld- Give lut (soiuo^ goud buknanas and bring uii iLpplo luid a 
plooi From the gardoiu Hia dog is tho kr^eat Jhtkd Uie beat. 



THE GENDEB Or NOUNfd SUBSTTANTIVE AND 
ABJECTIVE 

^ 4{>. Thcr^ iiv& ivii genders only in Ambic, the mn^ulme 

§ £0. A noLiD may be feniimn<» by ^igniGcAtinn. fomi^ ur 

^^1. By signification are feminine : — 

(d) >'<jaQ« and propor niuaes yrbivh deiioi« feoutJea,' oj 
ujiiui rii'tfker, biut f/tV, f&n^ raars» Z^uab, p/, ii, 

(fi) The niimeK of coitTitrieAj towuHt villft^oSr &t:. iks ;^^ 



isb Kh.Liii 


^^r/fl 


Bughd^u] 


i?fif/JflJ 


Mjb«r 


Ctaro 


latamblU 


G'^ruittnti'ii/ptu 


Bniiz 


Parit 







(it) The letU'itf uf the nlphabut, word*, and Hyllsihlta, na ll 
tntm, il mu, luaiitufju <|utft f'^e inSm, rt^ (ji^/fai^o) fl«L tv 4irotigly 

J) 52. By foi'ni nre f^uiuiine : — 

(a) NiniTis i'lidiiifj in a ^<ir a),- whether Anbic or of foreign 
i>njin. unions luji^culmo by tigaificatioUf 09: — 



fl^ii^nik 


ifardfit 


dii'wjt 


ciaim 


ilujtya (ur 


wvfid 


g;i£iu)i 


pitir u/^hoet 


diuyn)' 




TiJjh 


TIKtTU 


s^tia 


jffar 


biihtlkA 


j*oltCte9. crqft 


UiluW 


vjntin^ 


vnrdia 


IOi>rk*Injp 



' A wimiiu is ofU'ii iuJdn«aod in poetry (in the ooUtNiniiil ue 
in thi' litiinu-y dfaWt.) in t]ie niiu^idino, ami impwtinently \u 
ormvvi'witton l>y «)uch U'I'iqb as vji siduL, ya (ikMnR^ 

^ tSw s a (-0. 

■ A fw wurdd, wLiob «r« piVDOiuicei in twt> difloiisiit wayB, 



49 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



(&) Tlie folliwing eudutg in d.' — 



undl 


n'lpudtira 


^ 


prtkiftr 


gifk 


jruui$hnent 


BhltA 


mntar 


gbiiiA 


ri'^het 


iim'cil 


meofung 


birani&t 


/etxr 


mil) ma 


Mh'h^dm- 


ttummA 




laittifl 


anchirr 


aurt 


maisg 


vtitS. 


ittvfifi^ 


BftEOi 


dAj/i lieaiVn 







RnuBK a-— ^n^&n the final a a lon^, >fc8 in tlie Jtliuve words, 
\l represents otjc of the mdifal letters d! ih& word. It is, how- 
cver» geiitrallv prououuced short in coDveiflntion. 

Keuailk h. — Shitil is auDjeiimeis niiLM^uliDe ; Ui^hii ttvitjutit/t, 
UiaUet, \s eom&tivaes feminine. We haar tugbAltuiii tikljln, but 
lugbAtHhum tikltioa (^ G7> 

S G3. B^^ ufdge iii^ Followiitg wordd ore fomiciDu : — 



■ir^ 


rarih 


rig] 


/«' 


1d{atidy&dd) 


karvi 


. rt^ 


pf'irit ; barrel 


IfltfU 


UUi/ 




o/lJUH 


IuImI 


totffii, vHtaij^ 


sikkta 


kMifo 


hEr 


fBoli 




MM 


tAb 


yircWf rohn 


'in 


«^ 


til 


ifiift-f^lui 


tia 


mo/focft 


Ifhflt 


1IM 


furn 


aewA 


'Ur 


'fdlrUiA huf 


mdgbrib 


«bnMf 


(l&qD 


Uard 


merkib 


«^i»>/ ■ 


<1iiu3^h 


firairtt feo'/ 


nar 


^r^ 1 


-labMn 


mhop 


luifs, nifs 


«ou/, Mi/; i^rie 


I'Hfl 


h4<id 







Rekask <i. — TAb, gbfit;, fnm,^ and injtghrib ai^ g«iior&lly 

legiLrdt^d as ni&scidin9 by tho up|>er d]L«««^ ; biT is nocn^<iiuJljr 
musCTilitie ; tikkin knif^i is Ejomfiiiii^ Timsculino, a:- it bftj a 
iltj^^iiialu fi:uTii in a (silcWria) ; Ijit H'tlt, is noc/nionAliy fr'ininini^; 
f^bdnikli tfiina/'/it uuiH^ orfttiu. Iir^hw ifu-'Titi"}!, iLiid huriiia ffor/p( 
tra femuune only iu tb« tsxprvssiofib ^t<Jc luhw, i^utfik il hamia 
the plague take ijuu / JoJir^ ia [«iil in une of ita luiuiiilr^irH^ 



iiiiU jiuy Bribbuaa o«f i^-rj, luiothtT lUbUuou, ur'botb luay bo 
utod bL difTcrt^jit tiuiiffl iy Uil- aLruc ptiaou. 
* A feu*, forxu, fujiLfi, iLltn> CJU414U 



NOUNS SUBSTANTIVE AND ADJECTIVE 



49 



Bqkark b. — MattAkbtr noect fulOfl monry, n&& people, ^\th 
raqff terrace are in reality "broken pluiftla/'* although the 
mngnlar of the l&at ordj exists, and are conetrued either with a 
feminine singular or a plnral adjective or verb. ImftD (or ^m&n) 
itiih (from the littie used sing, jemln) is geDemJl^ construed 
with a feminine singular, never with a plorat. 

g 5i. All other nouns are of the maficuline gender, ra walad 
hoy, bet houaej Khaltfa CtUipfi, ^^yS^ Ulnesa. 

§ 56. The feminine is f<ffined from masculine nouns b^ the 
addition of the vowel a, as :- — 



kibtr 


great 


fern, kiblra 




far^&n 


flippy 


„ far1}&na 




tUw 


s\ceet 


„ tii"» 




w£ihid 


trfi* 


,t waJ^dft 




malit 


ktTtg 


malika 


qtteen 


gtt 


hiiAbartd 


gfita 


iDife 


ghass&l 


ioa^ierman 


ghassfiJa 


washervxmian 


hum£r 


OA* 


(Lum&ra 


she-aaa 



BBiiABK.-»-In the literary language the feminioe termini 
tion is tUy ai;d the t is retained in a few Turkish proper nameSf 
borrowed from Arabic vords expressive of virtuous qualities, as 
'izzet (or ^i^it, for *i££at). The final t ia found also in bint (from 
ibn, bin son) and in ukht aieier (from akh, akhkh hroth^). 





VOCABULARY 




t&bMkh 


cook 


klLnit 


ehu wax 


k{)ra, k6ra 


haU 


sbil 


carry, take 


bM 


eggs 




atcay 


fQt^ 


toad 


buK 


put 


fliggfida 


carpel 


rama 


be threre, threw 


kubb&ja 


glasn 




aimy 


miskln 


pix/r^ wretched 


talU'it 


^he took out 


wif*ikh 


dirty 


shufna 


uw saw 


bar 


hot 


bass 


only 


gidtd 


ncTC 


la' 


no 


cjadim 


old 


g^wa 


in, inmde 


bi'ld 


far 


barra 


Old, outside 


metttUim, 


hlutd 


z6y 


like 


mitallim 




liana 


still 


ana 


1 


min 


front 


bfya 


sliSt it 







See g 76. 



i> 



50 



THE SPOKEN AILViSlC OF EGYFP 



EXERCISE 9 

Ana laq^t is sanodqt G 1 worEhn, U morakbT gdh ftiJObn 
kibtra^ II turn ilU f betu ^u^huiyaiu qiLwtJ^kii^ hiyt^ nkbar miii 
fiirniiifl- Sltufoft kfillw pl'iii wo qntV^ uiiakiijti 'iiU ^ ^iitilh. 
1] gazTna^ ij^btftra buritiuiji^iL rriin il 'utuql, we i^holha 'ala kJtfu, 
l\ molik gill 7 Lu\ ii mulika gnt. ft?!! il kilni ^ Kficit qadlma, 
wi r ragil miuikha fi 1 fasqijiL. Ish ahitwa ^at, Ijlkiti idh ohiiinar^ 

1 btr, Iftkin wat>^ ainra. \&.iyihi\ inllaitha minhiu TobWikb. 
&^0bn min tabbokliu- le aikkin nnQtailima. 



EXERCISE 10 

The boy hitH thrown a ilu-ty old pair of iho*s& into the room ; 
Uke them out- Bnuj^ ii loj-g^ bottto i^D'] a. clouQ gln^a. Tbo 
cojpet vus Tery .jlJ ; lie !mfl brought a oew (one). \lii bearrl ib 
lung anil dirtj . Her abop is verj fikr from h«ra. TUi^ b"»j' ulrurt 
the poor littls girl in tbe e^e.^ Put u c\^ut towel iti tb^^ Tooui 
and take uway the diH; (onu)' Hu hae t Urown the huM Iroitt Ukc 
wiiJ(I<>w ; briof^ It Lu- The womaii who bi-cmght the egi^ to our 
bouwi Lfl very toll, but ber kiiifibiLJii] is tiiller, Thti 9uu wnA ?j^rT 
hot yeaterdsM', Her drees is very pretty, 

g 5Q. The feminiDe of livittg beingo is BoiuetiEu«aB il» in other 
Umguugos, indicated by a dietuict waril E.j. ■ — 

rbgil m'fri ruArii i^vmian 

vulikd ' £o^ bint ^'W 

abb /atfter oium mofAffr 

ifit htitt bou^oru fn*w 

dftfcAT ^naU uitllyik femaU 

% 67. Ofi tiktt conbmry, mAQy fiinii tbeir fcmiaine regnlftrlji 
where a diflcretit wurd u uaud iij Bu^liah, ad:— 

wilid ' jaifiar waldA* mnfA«r 

khil) vrj(7/^JiE]J bnr/r kb&la maffrmtt iiunt 

k»lb fiop bOhft biUA 

^ Tnuiidato Act b^ 

* Tbfl |)lLir, vril&d Is used cf cAiT^Avt— £o^ «r ^/lirfA. 

* Lit- panni. 



NOUNS SUBSTANTIVE AND ADJEGTTVE 



fil 



§ G6. Some mftnimate objects form & femiume without any 
charige in the meaning, aa ; — 



qamar 

aikkin 



or 
or 



qamsj^ 
sikktna 



knife 



G&b4ii a cowctrd is used without change of a man or a 
woman^ 

§ 69. Verbal nouns ending in t form their femininea by 
ehortening the long vowel and adding the ajll&ble yay ae : — 



t&st 
'fill 



eecond 
high 



tanya (for tanfya) 
'alya 



g 60- DenominattTea add that ejllable without shortening 
the vowel, aa : — 



tamargt 
'arbagt 

ba^ 

barrinl 

Taljfinl 



a hoepitoi attendani 

coachman 

navai 

outer 

Italian 



tamargiya 

'arbagfya 

ba]^ja 

barrSnlja 

Taljinlya 



Rehahe.^ — G^hil ignorantj and the participle mistikaqq deserv- 
ing, have the forma gahltya, miatihaqqiya, aa though from gablt^ 
mifitihaqqi'^ 

§61. A few adjective* denoting colours* lUid some others 
denoting mostly a personal defect, form their T. minine by trans- 
posing the first two and again the last two leti4.j-s ; e.g^ i^ 



ahmar 


red 


]]amra 


alchdar 


green 


khadra 


affar 


yellov} 


^ra 


abyad 


white 


b€da (for bayda) 


B'rag 


iajne 


'aiga 


akbra« 


dumf^ 


kh&r^ 


ahtam 


tooihleM 


hatma. 



RxuARE a. — The m&sculinea oE these adjectives are all of 
the same form, with the exception of iswid black (for aswad). 
Behars b. — A*wag crooked makes *5ga (for *awga). 
In the literary language fikbar other mokes ukbra, and this 



1 Mistihaqqa is also used, eapociaily by the educated, and 
gabla (pi' gubala) occasionally. 



99 



THE SPOKEN AEABIC OF EGTFT 



tatta is uiod in tho Bpoken language preraded by ihe deflTitt« 

aj"ticle; thua mudc. Ifikhuf (cfl' rikhru'l,' fem. rukhi-iL 

AuwU jirn! makes ulw ; but thie fotm is ouJy iif*eil in a few 
MnnectioTij*, a? dwjiga tlnylnrf ^itwHi, aiiwilanlyn anil occasiQCfilly 
Auwila tj^tin^; its pLotc'. 

g 62. Bom e adjectives baV9D0 flepirkU form Far the faminine. 
Thej- include: — 

(a) The camparativei,^ ti» il binte a^wol, U kuminitra 
Arkha^. 

(//) ITiose whiclj already ci\d in a^ us; — 



bfuaba 


jnnk 


hilfffiv 


fipoei 


Mtfh& 


tyirtfi on the 


sAiUi 


plain, jmrs 



(c) Forelgii vorde (with the excoptkm cf most of thoee 
f-nding in I), itM ; — 



finii 


^rw 


dugbri 


^traiffht 


TiJsu 


/a/*ff, £iaii 


nerdiuM 


vftUuanj 


berlmu 


Jirat 


sigh 


iouwt 


^ukundu 


tecond 






(rf) The following ^— 




i 


tamim 


rvmplsie 


fihniQiirt 


t/tfytntf 


fajLh" 


Utile 


'U 


A^ffllmt 


m 


plaii\ btj iteelf 


khftte^ 


impritanfid 


HOn 


\otDf nil\jiir 


khala^ 


jinUheJ, ready 


dfliyAn * 


tvwid 


kbiliii 


ra?r 


Pd^har 


tntaU 


kbumm' 


Mfiitrijii- 


liLemiU 


hfi 


yeanln 


riffht 



* S#w S ^i7. p, 26 ; \nkhrii is not uaed. 

= Tl»^ liurwy tenimiDe icnn (if '^mniiHtTiUvrt !r linrdly. if 
iTVcii hwkrd \i\ cQOvcraitu>a- It ctxjiirri, bowcvoTt in ttio Qara^ of 

* Um^ gvij^'Tiilly vith nil^h, an [|irshft s&gh ibuyAu ii farijT 
ftrxtffrc 

^ In T.hti I'XinwioJj i'm,U kbiibln. tLr. a rooM fciShntt irriniUtttt. 
Axljf>i-tiv#-4 nf tJiU foi-m dn hi^t i^pniirfeUy tiiitu tha fi^aiintnc 
UirniiiuhtifiiL tu Uit liUTni^ lAnglu|{v. 

' In khiiinu in nAin. 



DECLENSIUH 



58 



DEOLENSIOK 

^ 6Bt ItL the tit^rtLTj Ijtngung^ most douda have throe Cftse 
endiogH — re irj- vn foi- the noiuJnativo ; i or in for thd giuiitiroi 
Uiitive. unci jbblutiv^H; aiid a or ua r<jr the accusative, ttcounilng. 
ns th^v uj'ti di-fini*d ^ tyt undctiii^. 

Th<?»iB terminntions, wjtli th& following ©atcepliOeiB, di> oot 
extnt ill the sp^iken IrmgQiige : — 

{a) Tb*.- Luiiiiiialivi) tiulm^ u ie HurattimeH beard in tpUeworJ 
Allah f.!i^, aud n few others, moAtly In expreiuioQfl of a religiaua 
olMuuoter, oAt — 

Alld^lin itkbju' God i» rtfry ^reai 

aliakkar Allflho fmjliik Ofl'J retcanl your kiwincsx 

U I^Anidu li ILJii jrraiae be to Gtjd 

is 5»lAiiii.i 'uU^kum ' pea£^ Aff rm ytm 

(&) The g«Dttipo b.Eid iliLtive erding i and tb^ ansuiiative ^nrl- 
iDg a (^« used in oaths and religioua formulod — 

sM vt MALi (or w AlL&hi t) ^y ffr^i 



bi smi llikh (i-K- hi iflini in thi* juime 0/ Owi 

Altah) 
fl lunAiii 11^ 

hi bui ibh (hi iini AllmL] 
I1L hauIrL wala quwwata U1a 



D.y. 

thers iB no juimt nrjr ttrmgfh 
but in Gt/d 



ic) Tb« Coao eDiling in is heard : — 
I) Alter the indefinite pronoun ^y^' find oocoriaosll/ \[tai- 
kull tilf, 118: — 

L-y LnaAoin kmi 

tuin ^Vti gihitin kanit 

kulle »Win (ojntraobod From 

^u'ia} kon 
kuUa niLfAin evefi/ tuuX 



front iMotov/ dircHcm it he 
Hfhaiuver it majf fta, eiferiti/iir^j 



' /a ]>recod<Hl hy tb© defiuito urtidi^, or IoIJowl'.J \.y a Doua 
iji the ^pnii'ivir, 01" LuTJi^ (I |)i\»iioniixia] mitfijt, Tli«< attain of 
tMti. iiouu^ in <i tdi wbicb thooe t^rminadoitfl ura uddeil \& 

-Hi, 

- But moTft ufliialjy i^ salim (ot' BfilAxn) ^ol^iuu — a foi'm of 
liaJijlfitinri uaihI only h^i otm MuasiLluuiii trO aiioEiher. 

' Uijt th^ifi m here sometimes proii ml rwx^i se^iamtoij, nit being 
«>^mviU<mt to ina. (Seo gg ^64, 434.) 



04 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYFl" 



(2) In H fen DounB vaed anlvurbiii]!^ ' <jr witb a prapoHition, 



4a 



gha^bin^ariDu (more uauaJlj 

enta wakflin ^oimt 
giL' 'a.la (ulibin ghAfil 



'fimin ituwil ((^OQtmwted to 
*aiuiiauwil) 



in npite qf kiinae^f 

yvaare as my ag^ 

th^ l/if-n/or him tt/rofn r^emd" 

i'^hvfj'i of 1^1 tJi^ VKrnb^s 
nf his faiitil]i) 



(d) Tha ending an is hoard in a few words used as Adwbt, uid 

OCCasifjniLllf &a on nccuaative of limitatiocij as ; — 



JjiiJan 
d&w&mui 

d^'iman 
morAnn 

iHIUIlIi 



at fmca 
for euer 

tirt\t q/ter time 
I krvitfi him Ttffiihtr penonaU}/ 
nor by name 



Rewabs.^TIio above enpres^oos do not in reality bebng 
to the dio.li'Ct nf Cftiro, but aro borrowed from the written 
Ungxiuge- 

THB GKNinVB 

g 64. A naun limiting tlie in^^iinbig of another is placed 
immediately after it, and tbus by ite position perfci'tns tbo 
Tmrio^fl FtincttonH uf tbi^ ^[OiiitLvc, attbougL undergoiug no ohAOge 
of form ; bat vrlieii tbe lirHt of tbo two tiouim piids tii n, wb^thur 
iiH A flioi^iljir nr nliirnJ tBrrDiiiatic^Ti, it weiikfina the a Lo t and 
addfl tJia'^ietter t.^ E.g. ;— 



1 Bat in most of vhfe& tb« in a & tblamng of tbe literttTy 
an, tJiH *igii rif i.Ji*r ubjcctivi- aiao. 

'^ ^vTj-ii^tly Hi^nakinjf, it rwnvera thn ( from to) oldnr ian^ Oi, 
ft form pn>^Eirvi>d to thin 'lay in i>omo wordo in Amharie. TbiA 
in ita wEAhonc*d fcrm ie fftill tho vtom to wbicb tho pronooninal 
MuffixBi UA vtioW HA Uio dtiid and tha caav ffodin^a, whitn tliAy 
oiut, aru bppeudwl 





THE GENITIVE 


05 


bet rfigit 


a maiC$ houM 


^orabtpt JB 


the lady's car- 


b£b il b^t 


the gate n/ the 


Sltt 


riage 




hoUM 


Kh&ltGt (or 


the Caliph of 


b4bbetukht 


the t/aie of the 


Kbalift)il 


Island 


irHgil 


hivM of the 


lal&m 






man'* 9uter 


riggaiit (or 


the men of the 


q&km ragflf 


apeneUofUod, 


riggolt) il 


village 




a lead-pencil 


balad 




fcubbajit 


a glau of vine 






uibtt 









Keiiabk. — An adjective as welt as a aubetantive may aasuuM 
this fomit aa ^aiy&n Ut^ fern. ^aiySna ; *AJy£nit lb ? hovf can the be 

§ 65, A few words eodiag in d add t without flbortening tbe 



thus: — 

^lltil 
inaghrib 



prayer 
life 



the prayer at 
miteet 



taktl' 
wafA 



parity^ cfiOrity 
death 



wi Ijyfit (for by the life of 
wi IjajSt) eA« /VojiAe^ 
in nabt 



Ma'z^ meaning may make ma'nfit or ma'nit, or remain uncbanged ; 
mirsfl anchor, ghuwa juggla'i,^ ahurakS parinen^ £uma1& comrade^t 
make mirs&t or mirsit, aburakUt or sburakit, drc Hu'fi thepherdt 
and Bu'fi mesterigere occasioniLlly make nt'&t, £u'lt, but generally 
remain a« they are. Mugfiii pu?/iVAmen( generally makes 
mugjUat, but ifi aometimea left unchanged, Imda signature, 
\\niiD& fever, mihma bath-heaier, and a'da members, make imdit, 
himmit, mihmit, a'dit only. 

% 66. FluniU of the form of ahurak^ and EumaU^ with the 
eiception of these two worda, regularly change & into it, aa 
fuqarfi poor people, fuqah& echoolmasters ; f uqarit, fnqabit, Masr 
(he poor, the schoolmaeiere, of Cairo. 

% 67. AU other words ending in d undergo no change. 
£.ff.:- 



^ As in the written language. 

* Zika is in more common use than sakl 

< ObuwA may also remain unchanged. 



&c 



TBE SPOKEN ABA3IC OF EGYPT 



'aivAh& 


her i7/n0Hi 


iMtibdu. 1 


l/tf! he^nnittff 0/ 


dav^mn 


our medictna 


lOiL^'^l 


the rnaittr 


gtii^ ^ a 


iA« cffuer 0/ ^'ja 


sUif^ i mnra 


the tff'mttrtit IV"- 


ElUlUQq 


61AC 




COFt/i/ 


ikhfa I )^^^ 


ifit hifiviif o/ 


ishl.ihu J 


the/tithcr't lonQ- 




the ihitpj 


w.UiJ 


%n^ 


liigbA^ 1 


titG iangmfj*- a/ 


gbada, 'osba 


the b(/y* itan:f\. 


iTk|;llA 


the Itntjti&h 


iwftUd 


dinner 


rida r r^l 


the uinn't con- 







Kehauk a. — Afi th«< &ial a is asuB.Uy pronnnnr?^ flhort in 
ftll these wDixt?!, & knowlod^o of tbo etaructu]i> oi ihe wuird ia tbn 
rmly ^iJe in del+rni inin^: tli« form of a. noun ending In a or 
(nrigiiuJ) /i stJiiiHiii;^ l^efore wnother iii thw gt-niLive. 

KeuARK A. - Tbti a ia fioutctimo^, bat r&rely, r^tnini^l befnro 
bbe / iustciid of being cLAuged to i, aa aaiu,t ulF //k' year LUOO, 
frifHtu Aiy fjitaJi^aiion {for suiit^ [^ifit);* *o m&r&tCn tiao woriKjt, 

S GH. Abb/aJA«%fiiid ocaieioTuiUj akiikli ^'r<^f/i(!», add n when 
pi'ecedeJ by a geoitive rtiUiiiiii^ only a singlo consonaiit, as: — 

libn Fatma Salvia*! fdtkor 

akhkLa (or dkbu) SlL^^iqId 8(>h/rtrati's brolhr* 

% 09- OtLt'i wKja of exiire^aiD*: the t'*'"'*"^*' ""^^^ ^ noticoiJ 
in tbe nytitfii : buf, it iii nti^isriiry to intru(]iiL*i» ihn Iwimcir at 
bhU ctttgo to the U6© oE th© voixl IwtA',- on^ituilly n. flvibeti^nttvi* 
oieiniing j/r<f}M-i-lij^ It is iu&L'tled pk'uiuisUc^illy bct^wooa « Douti 
iitnl itfl genitivi*, und In uiH-Hj^itiijii t<j Un* foi ujtr, ha il Wt boti* 
ip I'Agil "'I' '*o"H*i' /Ai- pf'jpifr/i^ 0/ the mn.Hf i.e. tfif 'ttan^Ji hin/pf. It 
hnit, howovor, tho fomihiuc toniiination a when the pr€09<ling 
Biibatuntiv© is fetniiune, rind flu U bcfll regarded »3 un aJjvctivir 
m«»nn:ng o^ or Ifftimijiu'j tn. Whi^ii tin» fi7ininiTi« foi-m ia in coii- 
eitractioti with nnothur notiu it biicotii^ botil'it by Om tvH^ 
etftted ibovt, or', if followed by n vowvd, btftu't or betabt (J ID), 
n0 il 'aivb1y» Imtaljt jo fitt /A« lattyn carria^f' 

' Theo ici ahortpni^l accwrdin^; to rul" lK^forotwo«>n«onw>tfc 
* Contpxry t<> th^ lit*»nfcry tntm. Lti^ha nl»> exinui; bat 

pTftCv and n^Mnmtf both it» ^^rrrr^trt^ij ftnd ^M£f</- 

' Sifil i* ppih^H"* '*•*'''>■ l'WH<l- 

' T . ■ \ I'.MM vhli'li LiounH onderi^ ia cQunortino vltll 
tL> , --i. Hw^ 121, 

'■ ::'.ljU u^ !.c j/UjUjlrji:i*-u]l> L*i5*»ijn;tL'<l with tlu> lit«r»ry mofa*. 
It bwf dMlJidtivl U> ^u ii) 3]aliv?!U' 





nij^i 


^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^1 


H ^^^^^^^ 


^^^^P ute qenititg 


^1 


^^^H VOCABU RY 


^^1 


^^^^^^' m^dnfiA school 


kiU^ia 


cAo^?n« ^^^^H 


^^^H ldftgi£ir ((^r itdiyram, ii^-^ 


fObib 


mailrr^ tm-ner, ^^K 


^^^r tili^nif) •jmph o^ira 




Jrtand ^^H 


^^H LoiiiiAif Lotviim 


t&qHbt 


t^/pfoemaHw ^^^^H 


^^K (LundrA) 


DlJIlAiKl 


Mtrian ^^^^^H 


^^H Idn rofoHr 


nil lit 


^^^^^H 


^^H makliULn eeiiiir, sfi/re- 


dnl 


these ^^^^H 


^^H roatn 


^erO^ 


hff gttoi, mil go ^^^k 


^^H muldican !ugjja^e-van 


Hftiir 


kc trtitctte*!^ ^^H 


^^H fmiAiwI 




^m 


^^H 'ftjfth tutf^a^e 


iqta- 


cul^ tak^ [a ^^H 


^^^^^^ cUwiQ ct^^^^i^Wfutnf, 




HJi^f, J».> ^^^H 


^^^^^H Titinuiry, 


bUHq 


^ ^otc ^^^^^1 


^^^^V q2^ 


kfLsar 


he ^i-r/fl ^^^^^1 


^^F boft* pOt4 


fU(]Ut 


U fell, hQ4 ^^1 


^^U bumSta W 




/a//^ ^^^H 


^^H (orklift fold 


w&nlnl 


j/tf^JC ffJC ^^^^^1 


^^K Jftlmr; miTA' 


ahiHb 


^ drtmk ^^^^H 


^^M dir&' emn 


sfaaiya* 


4« M»f, 'dfi'i ^^^1 


^^B k]UiWl|[& m^rcftantt 




(iii>|«rtt- ^^M 


^^K o^irUiviium 




^^^k 


^^K g^«h army 


jafildi 
Out 




^H ID NtL Uljr ^ Nik Htm 


quddim 


be/oTCt tn/hmr ^^H 


^H inl^il 




of. firar ^^K 


^^H mys (»£/]«> ^rvofn 


flh 


if (raii&cO ^^H 


^^F Not« tbftt tlto demcin«tnitivB pi-nnnnti ad 


n nil«^ Fn1I»we t}iM ^^H 


W uonn, wiiich ih proOriHod by tUu de&nito a Hide ; alM> thut thu ^^H 


1 fli?t of two noun», of which tbe si^oud is in tbo gonitive* doa^ not ^^^^^| 


1 Uke Lht^ liriiL-l^ eviin wherj it ia deSnite in seurie' Tbupi wa my ^^^^| 


^^_ bflt tr rA|fil, not il b^t b rAgil. 


^^H 


^H EXERCTSE n 


^^1 


^^V F^u ir nlgil Llli kila d J ^du 1 Uitrontya betalji il ma.kb£uu^ ^^| 


r Ibii il kitbbl ji<rflb U mfidrfti^ J nuuB^wl^a. 


AtLi [tl4^vt BU'Ek U ^^H 


^^_^ 1 hnj qiiiIiL]^[T4 i\ bdh il tianviTil lv>tV br'tak 


htm bvtA'it niln i ^^| 


^^t Moiyit bikljr In Nil liilwn, THiu^iH it bik^Kif ibui^ii ginvU. ^^| 


^^^ Wiitritil ^iiCK'*^iI;i WfttiUnriHi Xk Wnjjdit flim 


UaxiiAti. lii(n' U ^^H 


■^ ukUiiiu diir^j^rk fiEii u wiL^ilfi iiMg^utiilu kcm&u. 


L^ii il ^u^ bHtjV ^^H 


ft MiO^luiuum] iitwM- Ilutt il 'iifbho but&* il ail 


i-niLI S 1 biLbiir^il ^^M 


1 LiMi- fll tnnkliKiLiE U fnitit^Awtf wi ^ fUghi^Jj 


Lir ti d JiwAQ. U ^^H 



68 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



bu^tA D aioJASwEja (jgt bukr-v. Hana 1 ^^mfin d^l kin eliiiltd, 
11 bfthftr ]ingl!zi fdfir imbftrih w ahtvn. s4fii- fill. E xvakd illj 
Khirib U moiya 1 wiskha betiL^it bnhj' iu Nil "iiiyAji bi I kul'nt. 
Ibn i| merakbt gih bi 1 mfrkib betol.^t aliOt, 3/ktun kull i1 'iifeb^ 
iMdti' il cft^mll ilir Icjui flbiL wiiji' li 1 bii.ljr. Hit l[ Icuuitoitn* 
tuna's htkh kedu eiighniyiLra, iLfghar min il ntiwUmxt^'B. 

BXERCI^ 12 

Bring the gentleman'fc bat from the downirtnira room. He 
cuno in bifl fntbor^i^ citrringo. The dty of Ixmdon ia luucb finer 
und biggei^ thoa Cuiiti. Tbe bot^k whicb was ou tbe chair in the 
diniTig-r'oam b&« fjilleT) on the gmund. Th^ (M>ok'a little dcig baa 
stolen il fow] from tbe poulterer's chop. Tfie greengrocer'ii soa 
sttnurk the poor Italifto (wooj^d), and broke ber arta- The diiiiiig- 
lAbtri or hi<4 bciiJF>e is bi^b^r tlian thtt otUt^r-' Tbti to^ilcltiiiiiker 
ropiir^d the oH WBtch and broagbt it back to iU owTiE'i''s Lous«, 
Tb« grocer's iIiLu^ht«r is very pretty, iiuil abe jtt taLei t}iuii bia 
son. Thi'ow away tbe raw fmit ; it is very bad. Sbe i» a lyw, 
Ivm] woniati, Tbe bny*N dog hfb>i dnnik tbo cftt's niillcL The 
i'ommauiler-iD-c;bieE* of tha Bgjptinn army is an Eoylmhmati. 
1b the iiii'pet finithod? Ve*i, air! Good!" Send it t'? tbe 
hcuee at ouc«t I found Uit Utile boy'ft book on ik cbair in Lbe 
iip^kirs room. A European woman criob, attt* an Arab man 
coob^ The barrel of tbe man's gun wilg ci-Golce<^- 



THE NOMBEBS Off NOUNS 

g TO. There nre thro& numbers — singular, dual, luid plmnJ. 

Thfl dualf whifh is used to ienote two objerts, i^ formad by 
the eyllable fn being addivl to the singtilar, ae kitAb a h<K>/i:t 
kiub(?n r^fl? bookff; rSgil ii ''mn, mglSn {for rfigilfln) ttco nwi,- il 
MobAiumidrn tfie fuv ^ftthtiimir^U. 

REHJihK. — Tl]i» US0 of tbo dual ift ciinfin»i1 to eubstantivtm, 
ibdJ9Ctiv«fl <)tiri|t!ying Wwm lioiug pliicrMj in tho plumb 

§ 71. The / udiivd to f<imixiiii(«# t^ndiaf: in a, vbc^u in coti^ 
HlHTiJctioii with ui'otber noun, sLppnat'H aImi lil rbt> ihml. Ui« n 
Hgain b<>inp wmkentvl to t,^ whii^h ifi Jiabl^ to fall oijt i» lUKord- 
aiwf> with Iho n»l*4- Inid down in g 33 ; ^.ij. : — 












< Hut. = 4 4e. • taijib '. • miuib. 

^ Tb» B {« iHiTiMoimlly rfi^tuined, aji in maruUn iua 
(ifttt^i f fro ^ahrt*$. 



THE OTTMBERS OF NODNS 



ns 



J 72- The long tow«1r d and I are cbaj)j;ed respectively to 

ay or ar? aiid r|(y, as : — 



glULtA 

BAmA 






wlu]« <} beooroM utr^ or iy, a6 t — 












haltiiw^a (or 
bolti;^) 



Rbvarb a. — Wlier^ finaJ d is a^veotfid, the a^piriitp h ia iu- 

bfljfihin, ntbohoii);^ abb /afA«r ciis.kQ« abbfiu, hut the wiAut/ 
jibaiA^rL ]s tiumettiDf6 uW. 

REHAiiK i, — Some nouns PTidmg in 4, having no i!uiil them- 
ticli^ed, borrtiw thut oE a kiniEr^d form, ait; — 



EhitA 


winttr 


ahilwit^n iipn »m>rfw* (from shlt.ura) 


^had£ 


lunch 


ghiidwit^n tii^o lunrJxr^ tfratu f-lmdiv*) 


'a^La 


diVrtffr 


^fluhwitJii twf dinners 


«ali 


prayer 


^IwiC^u 


1ngb& 




Iftghwit^n * 



RsUAFtE c;. — Uktit eiti'^ nufckeB r«gLil&rlj ukEit^a, but OOca^ 
»aoDallj ilchwatvD is h^Arti.^ 

i<l?»ABJE fj, ^The pluTuI form witb the numernJ ito^n tvi u> 
^fD^raUy udod in^ttGod of t^e dual whsre more {^upbonioua, o^fp^ 
vinlly U the word is oF Eoroi^ ongiu, ilk itur::] ^'rinrlvji ffnr uiiirv- 
di-ffimp [for jraupiy^n) Such forms fts kiintnUuwr'ii /wm rjjnfrYic/it 
(from kunu^tu), kArmwen ttco f^artf:^ bdshjiw^Ti ttn^ i"i»tnif, anx 
hfudlj be aa,id to exidt, 

^ 73. A few nouiiE are aaad id the dual i>Dly, ai^Lilf^ing 
l.hi" union of two objf4"f« which iriflividuallv hav^ no <^x)st*ni*fl, 
jis kjilbitSn /orcepA. fiincern. Their own dual would ho gO> 
(bitflD^ a pair of ftitcer*, dca Widn rarelj Juis a dual fnriai 



) Often culled iimiig«- 
< Comp, ; 39 a, n^^Er. 

• Wrt mighi t^^n wHr^ barSb, mb^h (iia gioSh, fron Al^ 
gu]iie«}. tWC is from fV, ^rociN, mbQ from faW. 

' S 67, w/cL 

' It uvouTfi cif Syriatiittm. 

* We my 'arabiyrten tcmro or itaou 'anvblyfit bura 



AO 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EG^TT 



tbe pltml bamg used uist.e&dj aa widani (or widitil Litnen) 



rnf/ eart. 



'4, Tbo duals of dir5' ttrtn, rigl/^^ *£n r^, ]d Awirf, (uid 
(n^itjiiriLiLlljv ) tLa,t of wAlid, when me&niug pareriis^ dru|i their 
finjil n bcfiwe s. possesaive aullli» aa :— 






my arww 



Id^hum 






For tull^D i}co fAmftf, tultay ie aometinieB used, but only by the 

5 75, 'llie duiil forai uccum in the prepoaitioaa bantn (in th& 
«i|ires>iion ben U bun^n] and ^w^en arowid, and 18 mld«(! to 
the iiLteriection udi ] tLnd ocoa^ioiuLUy to □thtji' worda ag un in- 
loufiive pnrtade, m£ mu^h alj^an f aliaaiitja, mti^h ikh^i^'^ vFoJ^d 
wmV iV, vonidn't it be betlarf tmt uuly belter^ hui li^uWpy. tcer *n 
Tauch bvttijr-* Htvwaltii geiiei-ally los&s its Ji like *f;iic]i, A:v^, under 
tht influcTioi* of tho pruu<»mmul aoffixai, a^ l^waUyiL ttfitund iM; 
hut hiLW^l^id, itc.» ore also beard. 



l^E PLURAL 

g 76. Pluralu ire of two Iciuda; — 

(a) The Perfect Plural, an calltrd bocniise the RiDgukr for-iu 
reju^ua Ljnaltervd but for the wlditiau of certtdu termiuAtioufi. 
ftnd 

[b) The BrokCTi Plural, in tho fomtiLtioii of whleb the ftiii^kr 
undergoes n radical chjitige. In hoth csirs& thorn tB ctUy obo 
(ortu for Lbe [ua«cu]ine aud tho ffrainioe. 

^ TT, Thd perfect plural !& foimed by the addttioc nf !■» d^, 

ya {or (^>. or- a to the lingular, 

I 78, TLo fulluwinj^ nouus form thciir plural in in :— 

(a) MuHt vvrbnl adiw^tive» f iucluitng piirbiciples) vhicL form 

their fpuaxiioe by addiog a U) ihu maat^ulino ; ^.y^: — 



' There is oo «uo1i form as wUnfiya, a« &u«rted by Spltta. 
Il« 13 tiUHUJicii al6o in ^iviii^ Alibuhi^n, uTuDia.}i^ii, &» tbe diiLiU 
of Abb 411(1 Luum* innttwi uf ih« t^uW' forum abbtc and uujci^n. 

' rrcjnoiiij('twlirfl-iiiy« (tieF* J 4); diri'tl litTiAn i* *l*i »iid, 

* The tinnm Mi^hixinuaMa in K^von in Upp*^' Epiypt ^ ^'hU 
drcU) ill Lhc h(ip\ up|An»iitl>\ fJuU thiry ivill bii rlijiibly bli?<upi| 
U bMrl^f; UiG taimfi cif Uin pntplmi twofiilil A fi«w itLhar rlniU 
DAiii#* Are ia tun. 



THE PLURAL 



ei 






nadp 



kAtib 
nuktOb 






Kehape— Thfi tf^r-iDiuAtion f is chuigod to iy, and fl to um, 

M in tbe formatjctti of the feminitie ; ^.y. ;^ 



•ftll 


AijjA 


pi. *Alytn (for *iHyUi) 


uiistuuut 


rra»fiBg 


.1 aiUlJkumjta 


*iulfl 


enffntff 


„ 'flduwiQ 



(ft) Many ooana of the form hnrrftk.^ tdosUj anbfitantivefl 
<l«notiQg n profei^fcion or trade. They were oi-iginiLUy of the 
Latins oF inieneive adjpi^tivos, and were thus applied to porflOUft 
who pt^rforratd n |jAi-Lii:ulfir ai^L r('pttii1«?(i]y ; e.ij.: — 



ftdtAli 


'I fuiiitmUyr 


t»tt*i 




iinggii- 


dWir^tenier 


gabbar 


Symnnieed 


Ubbdii 


milktn€M 




tip-firU 


k&dd&b" 


Our 







(pi. foll&Mit, naggAjln, Ac). SahHtantilvea of this form ending 
in d chHDgv T.hnC vowel into ay, u fi«qql icater-earrier, b&iinfi 
buHdur (pi- siu|quy!n, icQ.)» 



* The word/i'fl/ (literBt7 fa'aU) is uted by the grLmnmmne 
iif tht* vniLU-ii Ijuiguflge ivh the ^wnidigni or luutM of litl othtrrs 
whitJi onnbiBT. of n. rftmilar ri:)mbi nation of radical I'onsonantH jind 
vowelii, ba diirab, ba!ad. By doubling tb* eonftiin.uUi, rhuriging 
the vowL>]^, or sbifcinfr the position of either or bolb, new pora- 
ill^ms (bill iilways witb tho aamo consoimntw, /, ', i) are formed. 
Tbtu IciuldAb liaf, mi^jk he seizni, im^ik Ktrt»t, are said to be of 
the fonn* /d*^dt, fi*il, iind i/*%l reHpoctively. The uonwetiiBiioe 
>iiid ut^i^uA^ity even of such a ay^l^io in troLtLiifi; of n fit^xible 
lftnguii;i[t likt* the Ambic wiU be reudily perraived, The letters 
t't r, k (whi^h, with tht? vjuel i' plnom] fllt*j- t»u?b uf tiie ifrt't two 
ooncotmcU, ffinn the wutlI birit: /^^ /:rrtfif/c<c^) aro u^od tbrou^liout 
Uuji work iiL pmfurriice to /( S /, &a offcnni; tio diliictdtiud of 
pruinjiiL'ialiiML Fur iLprds conbiiniiig four ludlt.'ul lettt-ns Lbi< 
voril litkliliAt ^'uft/ujw is substituted fot the fa'lal of cL? 

^ Ap^Li*d in "d&sfiicd" Aiubic ucJy to lui habttiiul (" pro- 
fniwioMkl ") lEar. 



63 



TRE SPOKEN ARAHIC OF EGYPT 



(c) blast Illative odjMtivos it\ t These insert a ^ betvaan 
th& roivcl ftntl the plural temuTiatioti, as ; — 

gAw^ inner 1 wu^tAnl central 

frans&Tl FreTtrh 

O^ii) i'l/M^-Bqf luokea guhlljtu (gfiluliyin). 

rtkhar lite otfter rukhriu 

mistHiaqq ds^emirtij tnistiJiiiqqiytri. 

% 79. 'i'lie following bvke tbe tormiimtioa dt .- — 

(o) A krg« niuober of Bubatantives ending in a (indudioK! 

nenrly !lI1 zhiis» in Cyn)^' tDiSRuline und fominiut\ of Amine uu 

foreipD origin ; t.ff, : — 



fikgara. 




KhfiUfu 


Crlfij'h 


gimA^ 




marasla 


mttm!n{jtir 


btikflimi 


i/ov^nmmt 


yflqi 


'•ollar 


darbo. 


a tflovf 


IjLmba (or 


lamp 


milAyiL 


Mh«a 


IriHidiL) 




'fivri^a 


crippk 


bnirtmu 


<x^A«efw 


"ftrabl/a 








•iahrlnlja 


aticeniypiaMtra 







p%efi^s 

(plur, flngw^t, gitaHaie, 'arablyAt, lambat.' Ae-), 

(b) Proji*T naniea, both ni»j*cnliuo liiul fHunmiw: — 
M^liftminud^ Hu£nii, ZfEmb.T^w (^/J<ln*tf 7iamf>)^ W^p09k (plur, 

Mebauimndut, JiA^nuCr FiLttnat, A:c,). 

(c) Naau^ouiiug^ in ft. Mid liiciflt of tho^ V'hii'.b end in u. i^i' 
€jr ii- Tht former c}iringe the d uiU> mr, wlule Uiw latter ^con- 
ra^tiB^ tiiitiroly of forcjigii words) eiUit^r los« the Towel orconTftrt 
it into utf, iLrjd DCcafiioniLlly mto ty ; e.^, -• — 



AftiriA «fty 


quf& 


aapoitfn$eb 




klittli 


prater 


U8^» inanier 






^ilur. Kunawatj tiAbawAt, <^o-)- 







^ Kici^Iitivn^ ATo gnlliibryd a roht, «hidi bufi tbo broken 
pliijvil >:»tjUtb, iliDU^'b lEAlUbly&t ia al«i b uMf dixl;iiii!j« bt 

' hut iiHJT" iihiiiilU liiinfui- 

' Mr.tt gf ihp*o nmy brt pronoimood uptioijuUy with « or w. 

* AW, but Itim romrrtonly, b^ihilt- 





PLITRAL 


kuutritu coTitract 




Ctro (-U) ^//tfr 


(plur. tiySktrfit,^ ii:). 






■iubu oeercodt 




mango ^'-u) n«a«^ 


{piitr. soJcuvdt, 1&C-J. 






biniu ' ft jiupoUtm 


biiitiyftt 



63 



Hbxahk. — Wben the if of the aingulu: Ia njxieuted, h is lo- 
Ren.^U, us hiiril, rabi^ burflbiitj Ac, but tUeae worJa are perbiipB 
bvit&r written hnrOh, Sic, in the siDgalar (see § ^9) : m aIao iu 
tbo cai^^ of ncceotcd ^, as kanabt so/a (p[ur. kunab^biit). 

(i/) A fow IIOUU3 iQ £, Theee agaia imseit y,- ti-j^. ;— 



Aided 


U'atWfoaf 


buQtuflf^ 


Aippert 


baliidi 


count r^iian 


gUWftlltL * 


pair iifglovm 


Btnl 


gmtiU pimjf 


efftnill 





iLiiit Tiu'kUh woL^d with the termuifttioD b^bt, a« : — 



bimb&sM 



^tfmd 



jiuab^Hh] ^^^fain 



((ilur, tfidurij&tf baLodiyAt, guwauti^ut, bimblsbiyiltf tJbc). 

(c) TLb nbzn&a of tLe letters itod syllables. They iuaert on A 
wbitu ^iidiij^ III ifc v^[jtT«l; e<^., bt^L£t, iiQu£Lt» muliAt^, 6ui Idtttrn 
&, n, the iiytUil>t€» mfL 

(/) The rmiuea of Ihu moutbH, us Tamad^iit Rafjui't-m^. 

tg) Ni>iina which admit of a double plnral, or tbc pluraJ of a 
dun] iarm, !lh u]MAt oud oMtLt (plitr. of ulQf and Mi, them' 
solves plurs, of al£) thousands; aimUiLHy ' — 



ItlUbOfrLt 


titU 


qud&TAt 


("ojrfjif, matCftn 


giu-(il>&t 


VfffUiuSi 


qtLt^^rAt 


railicatf trtiinji 


*utfuit 


^tr/»Tnfift 


kubirit 


ffraitJfx^ 


iia^dftt 


f^jUf:A:fc» 


'iuhrluAt 


t<i>eiitie4 


wifAm 


rte^ipts 


tAlitlll/lt 


Ihirties 


uhyftt 


ihifi/ja 


qirt^Uuimt 


piei^r^ a/ t'K 


kutub&t 


book* 




pmimt 



^ A confvieecl furm LiyALrutAt U fiomedmea bwrd, 

' Fruat lul- oepti. A more cLimiuat:) plurul is banHtL 

• Ur fronlVf, 



[toj. yitarUi. 



^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^——H^C^^^^^^^^^^I 


^H 64 THE &P0KP;N ARABIC OF EQVFr ^^^H 


^^H (h) A ffiw pa^ve partidpleA uwd fH eultfitiuitivea, aa ; — ^^H 


^^H niashrflbat dri'nke moUawiniLt thtngs of ^^^ 


^^M mMr^i\^t^ Aiolmffoodt mrwMs col- ^^M 


^^^P rjuraorkindr ^^H 


^^H (i) A large TiumbCT of verbal tdubstautivea* inr]u<iing ill ^^H 


^^H tbcse of the form tarSJc hm^ h-II lHoiw \rhich aii' ciunAtriictvr] ^^H 


^^H fruD] tto dcrik'od fomiH of th« verb ; ?,!/, :^ ^^^| 


^^H t^b ffitmctrui 


^awlb /ef/er ^^^^H 


^^H bHEl^iii A<»ffy ^/ A 


nuLbiU plate ^^^^^^ 


^^H •jarmerit 


UL-fltr ^^^^H 


^^H kkUb 6rxj^ 


uffii ^^^H 


^^U dQ'lJ 7U<N^£l>ll 


ikrAm h<fu.nijf ^^^^H 


^^H biwsn amnia/ 


tiL^iFimmil ^/(lanVij; 7/ra^irr^^^^| 


^^H gill^ /cniTnItlfK'Tl, 


imdliilii f!avz7/ji>ju£/(iii ^^H 


^^^M ioie vali 


itLtiliflfUi iippraoiif ^^H 


^^H (plur. iftliibjlt, bodiiiifttt Uiwilnlxt. Uudiult, Alc). ^^^M 


^^H (jj Mmiy Bubsturitives of foieign origin, ufl r — ^^^| 


^^H jkffAbl Hlahie 


fFU-ota&n ftrrrmn ^^^M 


^^H Wl^kAn haiamff 


qaz&n coiifron ^^H 


^^H biik;^ hf/TJK^/frj: 


s)[iti'ab otncMHf/ ^^H 


^^H b&hliLWda uTTM^/e^ 


ally Fi^'fn^f ^^^H 


^^H qayiminaqdin li'fthncmt 


pnnc6 ^^^^H 


^^H ^'ui'uj] jou.rntU 


^^^^H 


^^H rliikkAr rii?£7-carf 


bnuk /'-aak ^^^M 


^^H ifin^ (oi' 


flbilin vJiiliiHtj ^^^^H 


^^H ^^h) 


riyfil cH^ar ^^^H 


^H kliiij ^^^H 


^H (pbr HfULbia, biikfl&t, dukk&r&t, brins^t, iic.), ^^M 


^^H BfcM&iER,— GunijU mora frequently makes garilnlu (m for t)', ^^^M 


^^H dukkAr hiu ulso <ljikilklr. ^^^| 


^^B iJ() A fe:v rivuua not derived froju verba, thgiigb of AmU« ^^H 


^H (/rigiOtM:— ^B 


^^H b4; ftrmpil 


«iu /ilriy ^^H 


^^H giftr iihicSii 


<4jlr iwf 0/ ^cmAc/ ^^M 


^^H khnvrml dancmff-man 


gftbia i^ranf (ni- ^^H 


^^H luhAr daif 


^^^M 


^^B g&mt ^/ 


^^^^H 


^H (p1»r. UtAt. oitu^ ^r,>i ^^^H 


^^H ^ Not ill t|J« lilUOEl^ tb(» luWtT cIlUHlMf ^^^1 


^^H ' 'Hi'* fi}iim1 iiF ^i4iiim fifih/ft'if iin^h 4»i1 klifj ^rfnf/nm/ b/'d* ^^^| 


^^^B i» I'lnim, ikhwil, not (nt. ]i<u.Ht In C'Airit) '[iiiim^t^ kLnTAt^ u*- -^t«d ^^^H 


^H^ b> spLtkL ^H 



THii: PLURAL 



06 



irregul&Tl^ : — 

b^ (or bab) b^ bphawflt (or h&hU or balilt) 

flttua y*ar fiauawiLt 

lib (ubb) Joiher abuh&t <>r (tbough i-ftrolj) ubb&t^ 

uui ui mother tiiutii^bub 

liird (or Itn-d) it:^// lurdaw&t (or laMitj ioidlt) 

fikli (okhUi) brMer- tkhvit 

ukbL fitter ikbwfLt 

bini ffirf bonit 

qiUil ,rW quUit 

KE&tAlUt a. — Umiu niokcA ummiit whEin mp&ning havutfTi p09- 
tuaetl ti/ {s&e g 261), aA nisss&ii iiiaiujit. biJQjii blil w'rien vnih 
nkilA eioffie-' Akhkh has alj^o ikhwAti in the s^has 'A hrethreH, 
tatifCiafet. Ikhwa is anothur fotm of plural of bgth okb and 
ukbt. To pr«T«Db cott fusion, xs^ amy odii tbe Aordd duklk ntii^ 
and buuHi, b.^ Myt^ ildiwu bdii^t wi dlcQr / /^n? #ij(C<rra and Oreift^fn. 
SuTm h(iS n duplicate pbir^, ainliL 

KEIiiBK i». — 

*ub]) m'TTinfl I "iriia efeniruj 

haw Du [plural of theiv own, hut 1xti~ow tbat of kiudtvd nouni 
in tya, euepr^WMJig thf* wbole penod or Bcasciii. &« t«Jflt gbitvtyit 
I'rr^ rcint^'Tt or iri/ifrir j^^^^v^it^ GhodH and 'ikah& uee Uiti foa-aia 
ghvlw^t, ^uabvilt (from gbadnrft, 'ofihwa). 



TOCABOLART 



t4« 


Jiff'tjifc 


gttt&T 


but^h^ 


laettrtF 


rof^j>tfon 


me^nJlim 


tfHtrhfrr 


gam'\ya 


Wi'CiEfy, >jj»» 


'afliya 


i*t$'k 




tfnnfJif 


taflth 


r^pifrtn^^ im- 


tamn 


ditlriM jtotir^ 




yrovernenf 




ftahun 


bdJ6D 


Mi"on 


duQ^n 


wtrl'i^ tffettfh'rr 


tfiw 


b-j\ct 


VuAvn 


fifjfi-nenii 


Tnnha|ta 


*la ft- ft 


•igfink 


eiiiardtt 


titAbkbirm 


ht'Tory 


iTOrt 


cvutri, rnidiiU 


Unibb* 


J'JuPejM 


•(Lq 


market 


bilftd it Turk 


Tarkerj 



1 Tht! [uilitt/ 4b«wit ia jiumdttmtfB biujd. 



■m 


^^^S 


^^H 


^H 


THE SPOKKN AILVBIC OK EG 


^^H FitLiin 


ffmuti tfjir (ti'ir) 


^^^H 


^^H NiiQia 


AutfrJn^ GfT' 


nlqi* 


muiftinff, wuTd^ ^^^M 


^^H 


many 




^^1 


^H diyOf 


ffWitl^ 


^uIiIeU' 


t/ring, f/0/ ^^H 


^^B 


hoUBSB 




Ttotii/t pr&- ^^M 


^H 


fjjming 




jfore (iiD- ^^1 


^^H ucBTilir 


iriii-^hn'K 




p«rbtivQ) ^^1 


^^H 


iea/irifiif 


maiiwit 


hs kUf«d ^H 


^^^H nita^ri 


Egyptian 


wuddb 


i^iif n/mltui^ ^^^^ 


^^H 


GOatpfifai, 




^^M 


^^m 


pieadi*fi 


'tfcUE 


i itiitit, ■ff'-U ^^^1 


^^H gimid 


Btrong^firtn 




■nt'ff 1 ka ^^H 


^^H kiiiLyrl 


good, l/erff^tcetU 




urn^t/ji ^^H 


^H bi'iir 


rsady 


jeljibbfl 


Utejf If/rjs ^^H 


^^H m^kbot 


huiU 




A? r/lVi^ m/idg ^^H 


^H bill 


<ai 


kanftb 


/^ISTY VfU, r^^avY ^^H 


^^H mistiLkluliiu r^nploypilf 'alu abnrif 


/i/r» o^^ o^rcun/ ^^H 


^^H 


etavi^ifi 'jksltliii 


o/, in trrdtr ^^H 


^^H iiL&fllifhLll Im^y \ 


^/in/, 1/W^uii4 ^^H 


^^H nut^bQt 


_rtjcJ, otTrtt^, bidal 


ithel^ad u/ ^^H 


^^H 


rig/it in imliiu' iln 


io-ilay ^^H 


^H ^^ 


(•yinff, l^iiy 


Ul^ft 


^^H 


^^H 


m 


iMtioUt 


(i/ifo^ ^^H 


^H bftrid 


cM 


inn (ciii^ 


iktd ^^^H 


^^H siikhc 


hot 


Jiatti,} 


^^^^H 


^^L^ jjb&ii 


dtat 




^^H 


^H 


T;yERors6 13 


^H 


^^^^^^ H&t J lambAt v« fiHil'Jjjr il Aia, 'adliiu ftli n\s db^f ;:ji3ii^^^H 


^H i^ii. 1^ 


fiLuquavlii Jlll L-;\ba 1 mr>ivA lubLLril 


hi^iLlIii (inwt; ^H 


^^H huQUDfr muktl bmiut kluQ ^ ufltiliyhi U i^ bikkji 


u-L* dumblihilin ^H 


^^H we rAmftlium fi 1 i^iriJ, w« anj^MiCl foluti-hum uiitiKuui, Ann r^hufbn _^H 


^^H fi 1 gurikal.U inn 11 \;4abuvtjU il ]ii^n>1ji illt riib 


11 piLtLulii^l umb' ^^H 


^^H htiftu mjij ttti^IirifAt lA liut^aii Aim ^hturf^l (UJtEnrijC^ biinMi&t mim ^^B 


^^H Hflq, n^hi<l 


rumhum 'dll *ilil it tuiTln. WjiliiJ i-^t'i] l'^JAvLt di^nth ^^H 


^^H qu^W 1 mufJdim kill kXiiit & tinikhma MeliJimmnil KtV^idt toLiL ^^1 


^^H lUrb&t ;-a[u'[1iL hi CikA kiLoit^ t Mu wi- iiEimwii'l 


a,', lukiji rueuiilt ^^^| 


^^B il giim'l,vji 


\ VhnXrW'i beUht il intflU. illi kuiUi hrtrMft \r^iifLh it ^^H 


^H tuicb. Sftl^lj l^ib i] bei 'ftmal it U^im il 


liumTn ^ i^nLnti ^^H 


^^H (^friiU). 


11 iHittB fihb ifiUU-iti we gAbtt U 


gAwAUt uiu a ^^1 


^^^^^^L 


Ouppl; JUL V For illi Uuii. ^^1 



THE PLUEAL 



«r 



bftiiAt iltbw&il \\\i ii bliut Un^lii^ Id iJuuya ftl^ntu m iwliftr 4h ; 
fit iJtrAwa kuwJiiyiNk. II iiiii»j>iLl ^itiktiin wi I bntlAntfit ausfii)i 
IcuTDAit. Gii7tL] nUiit w v^q wp ^ibit In LfiH(^ii (b£c1i£fo) wt? 
^Itil lat^iua tiufn. It tAbkgrdfat l>f tft* in Tiahar da nfmnime miii 

fi I Ada beUtjt il foreh^ Ik tuEidOcjOu bttH' ubfilf gitintlliL 
Sliniy;J) If i^^LlnmOi)^ 'au£ il kiUb^n ^i I viuiH) iJJj f td*k. is 
W'lt'ii ilU f uJukiTiozbQiJii litTL{iii7 hiia i^bHltLr (sbiiittc^) ai^urtfti 
tuss ill nahfir da. Sbuft id dtikkfir^'ik Ii diitckAnn ; litnJ^n kuvtii- 
yieln qawl, Buuutii *iuy&jilii kujlubum, nvfilfn H J bf^ I9 
fa^u-teu iill fi ga\nt ibli£Lj& 'aljtti ^«b trtJtQ'ak. 

EXJ^ItCiSB 14 

BriTig the 1uinp« and ^^Mt TJiem nTk tlw tix>it(^ in my nmtu 
Take the twontj-piiutiv^-pijiceg luid givo mf (H>nio) two-piiLstjv- 
pi«;ea lusbead of th«m- Thit- emiiloyi'R of bJie EfvpUun (iiivirrTi' 
infffnt are alwisy^ Liiay. M^v f**nt ar*" *To!d, biit mv hvidri \ur 
Wftl'in. The biitilier'a of Loi-ikin an dearer tium Uios* of Ctirt^ 
Tbeie is a school f->r Frouth ' bojs nnd mother for Oemum 
hny^. and tilers oreKn^liph iiLfrHcra ut^ bciUi- ['uJl two towd^ 
in the niom andtokc^ awuj Lb^dinj (oneii^). I wrot.»tbr«« leiterN 
to my bii^ere to-daj. Your hooks ore on n ciiair in the diniii^- 
n>OT]i. Tbb boj» and j^U coue around iu« and seued my band^i. 
Tbi* ijEviLtlemau look tL«n>»i|}t0 ita* thebook«- The Diesseagtav 
limugtit the papAra from th& Wiu- Office. The baJcaraaa of our 
two faoueoH jLTe tiuiJt ovnr the tvo gu^eno. The boye love thetr 
fftth^rfi aijd theu" inotJie»- Th« Ej^jrptiaD brniy ha« beaten th^ 
SoLulunvjiH. He j^t.n'ck him two blow* oa thv htiod ^ with a stick 
(wljii'b) wu» in hU liikud. Your pyeR are EnuLlltr than tuiee, 
Xhi-iV weiv tlireo I^ulII^ in the tovrn in on« niphL I saw thrae 
biUloona flying iii tiie jui-. Two collars aod thitr^ wiuatcu&te af 
luitttkUig- They caught tJ^e iLiiiiua > iii the ^.u-dtiis. tmi hrvu^lii 
tliHn to t\M boti^ti. Akl of thk.-iii BJ-B liu^. Thu ladieK an- 
Iwuviii^ ti}-duy ; ^^end Llit'ir lu^iigo to the fittktion^ T^iere ari< 
colfudw fuid inptJoufi uf the English mrmj in the Egyptian ftnu^. 
TJiy wiilU of my ynrtlmi iire vptv low. Th** milVnuui lat& 
hroughl only tvo bowte (of) milk' The Arnbie lAngaii^ ic 
fich&i tlukik Lho^fT of '' I'^urupc. Tha ii«y>r hKVC brouflht {ftOBie) 

■ 'IWlie. t/te ¥tvuvhj the GsriiiAn. 

' fi, > betfi'. 

' Tniia. Am ftauL ^ htUi: 



68 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



wre«r.lci4 from Tiirkny, How tonuy \taa\ia urc then in your 

hriJther's librnryT TlmnHJindi. 

^81. TtiP pJuTJLl U'riikiDatiorT ya or if/a n a>uumed faj & 
Dumber of nubr^Untiv^Ji auJ u f^w adji^iveFi ending in (, 'li, 
htf*htt ^'i <^'- <^. ^Tn\ a few obliei-*. The majority (wilb iho <ix- 
i»4f»r.inn of ikoEse ending in () are of fm-»\gD origin^ and dano&a 
U^iii^fl or pi-ofeeaiorifl; ?.j. ; — 



vMFt 


foW/(T 


\ihhmdhT 


paymAirter 


C»rvT' 


(afV<Tr 


l^aiiinJli' 


ymter'il 


hsHlml 


ToMar 


ikbUyJlr 


old 1 


Eft-iidl 




iiubtirfttfij 


r^mjfroT 


kIiijUhII 


'jv/rri-ffioii'ie 


banltiyiV^'ir 


fi'inkvr 


khimiqi 


^ ^r/i'- tempered 


liaiiki^rr 




t>(id&iii 


^w/an'w 


himkfir) 




kamJingi ' 


fuclii^iiih 


afiikAcjt 


ndivftUs 


■ju-bft^ 


ivi/tt^hmtt'i 


ijLlmk!»Lii^ 




unbAfibl 


<!orporal 


(|kiii^iilij.tii 


ctrmnd'tte 


hekimdiir 


fimttnandant "/ 


flljJlwfMl 


fowUihU 




jxitjr" 


yjiw ir 


aiiie-d^^ i/iMp 



Plur. UirzSyu« linroiniyji, khimiijiyH, kawnlingtyft. ikbtiynrtya, 
tLfiikatiys. yani'iyjh (for yuAidya). An\ 

Reuaru a- — Ef^ndl, qunsiiljitu, I'Minki^r, fund iioiuiM aiidiog 1b 
b^hi have a\f^ pturqJs iu dt. (S<w nbove.) HitifsbAwl^b ^hi^^on- 
Ktntit^ hiKs n tUipMcal^ form, hitahAwtstiiyAt. 

nnguUr ot muTiy of ihph« nouns uo idontiml; tbus kboljLqty^ 

^^'k /rim tiuynf* or o r^i'/i'un nrfrnf^ 

;^ r^2. Titu fitlfnwiDg Uikii llie tffmiiDuti'»t i.'^ 
(fi) Ifjinv limine rrf thw fovm '-a^'rdA, *»: - 

fiiiylt (iir fit/'TnArnAnfif 
■8;flt) 

B4jniiiiVk ^Atfman 

elvdviU (it jttrttr 

(l»1ur. buinAnA, tobbAna, Ltimindnft, ^Xi.), 

' llBiaiiiirln 1* wiiitvtimT^ UAv^i, but airjihnrntly ublf Ea tin 



IwTiuAli 


'1 diVl/fi' la 




fo^nr 


Iftbb^Ui 


dralfT \n $trav! 


gftlUb 


tiavrtulflrilrr 


^■ttii> 


V^Hxi-rutfer 


fWif 


m€mi^i/-f*h 1 1 Ti'j^- 


gBSmiM 


carnet-drifffff 


Immm^f* 


*i<nikv]/4>oif 



Mwf Ui4t it HvundH ^lucattrU. 



THE PLURAL 



69 



Hew ARK a, — The great lOAJarity, if nob the whde, of tbeAo 
ttttcy ^fio make their plunU iu Ctl But on the other hand, a 
great many ntjuna of this form miLke thair plural m irv onlj. 
Where the noun adraita of a feminine form, as ghass&la taai^er- 
wumatif ib is hetter to use the plural in £n to prevent vonfu^on, 

(6) A few adjectivBB of t-he form iarrikt au : — 



farrif 


moite^^-chasiger 


akktl 


gluttonous 


khanwif 


timid 






Eehare,- 


— Sarrtf ia more common, peihape, than parrif. 


^eciallj in 


the plural. 

VOCAB 


ULARY 




lomHn 


igmoTu 


ilbifi 


put on 


burtnqftn 


orangeif 


Bh^m 


they carried. 


hidOm 


clothes 




carriedauxiy 


wirfiq (iij-ilq) papers 


iniahyl 


ihey tcaiked. 


mf'a 


pity 




inUkedauKiy 


farsh 


bedding 


yikkullimQ 


th''y spe<tk 


sign 


prison 


(or ^^itkal 




banttil5n 


trottse/s 


limll) 




ugra 


hire, tca/jen 


katubt 


I wrote 


xut^wl 


ChitTicert/ tart' 


ka?arll 


they britfvt 




fjuage 


sfiyib 


helet go 


mafgfln 


itiif/riaoned 


^Ual^u 


iJiey rejraired 


bAqI 


i-emaiuingj rr^i 


i^ahhit 


they aoke 


]&xim 


neiXBaary 


khalk^a 


they rescued 


qftdir 


povrerfid 


miskH 


ihey -eis"i, 


tAyinx 


gieepini/ 




cautfht 


tolftt 


three 


k&m¥ 


how many 1 1 


kulluhum 


ati if/tkem 




h'lto much t 


khad 


he took 


ketir (kittr) 


trtucJi, very 


Khaiya^fk 


ihey atnt 


min gh§r 


vritfuMl 


dakbhia 


iiicy entered 


hatta 


eivp, in /ati 


jilbittft 


they put Oiif 

■HOT 

EXEKC 


!SE 15 


msf 



In n&B il kubArat yilbisu kuwai^U we yikkalliujH nahwl, wi 
D nAs il baqjln yilbisiL gtdlfiblfilt we yikkallimil 'arabl ; IdJdn 
lefendiyHt kam&n we hatta 1 bilahawut jikkallimil *ftmbt fi biju- 
thum. Jl harftml)ru dakhahi h£t ia imgg&riiL wi bai-iLt|U kitlhlten 



With noun in the aiugular . 



^ Sulfixed to nouna. 



70 



. THE SPOKF.S ARABIC OF EHYPT 



mi UUt Pftb^hAt. £&b ab^yflkn Uli diilu 1 -afAU b«U< U Mb 
min il }M.h-)r kb^iiint kulle hilflfa illt M>ii we Wd^n tidabn I agn 
hr-tV'itbum. F^ i>^g^'in& fdtahu bi^b ia rti^ii, kliflij qirAhAn niia 
il mjhigl^n^n we ^■'■ylbi^hiiia. II ^mniAlik LUrabu I haminArft wa 
kkiiillk«fitiijiu il hatt^bit. n uhukitl^a kkjininjH^ kottr, D 
khni>utA sht^i'U T«lAt UmfLndt we buituquttl^D we fulc-ha tQii)'» 
kiUJi:^!, w« hattQJiiiiii ti '£jF^ral wi «li isbeyultiL g:Li»t>hum .U* 
li^bum, II h(ikninHAil7& ni&hsxitlii min il bLialtiLWinhivKt. vri I 
Utaha*i*hiv^ miLbnvl^ii] niin ish giiawtihfyft. L-i^itiri una' ^iXi 
■Iflqc'It tnU r^AUJiilqiyiL betl)' ift si^q ne batbum q'lwi'im. Iti QU|f|r&i'lD 
;;i^tMi J lvhikMbit>>At wt< minLinniyln FuluK-liutn : wi sli shjiiyila k&miii 
^&urtn ugi'itbiiiEL It tauiArgtvu vi t tumugl^^ nu ^iyiblu. 

EXERCISE 16 

The look-smiths e&me artd rii|Hiiired both tbe lockfl of ti« Jnor 
of itij Lou.^e^ The wa«lir>rwDnijiri iinii brought this ciuiheA, but 
wliere &re bb^ colliir^ find ilie ;;ock^ ] Oiv^ me twn pinfliies for 
tLe fittharui^u wh'j slt^^ vaiting nt - the door. The eEiific^roi-A oF 
Europe art' v&ry pov«rfuL The Uilora Jiftv^ teui ttin wjiiskoite ; 
tin-y aiv Twrj guwl- The geuyiaU tktv lild but HLr'uij^. Thr 
chiMmi [Lre ^i-ry rJiuid. fiiv* thfin an orange , they are lIao 
VL'i'v ^Uittorauu-;. TbL> 4uii iu b4>t ; puton ^our hut itiid fit under 
inhe tr<?t"fl. Thp ciniiel-driTej's were lyiu^ ualoi^p un tbi* gr'oimJ, 
ttut Lbi5 hIuvi* dcjiiuj> liwukii iLeoi «Dd iJiey jiiJ ^ vent oil. 'I'bd 
liej'fl «ub1e« BTB \e>ij dirty, 

TEIE BEOKEN PLURAL 

g 83. Broken [ilur^U nri* iiinsLi'urt^d in varimi« wnr>. TKS" 

follOVing ia H li^t I'F tli« furmit wtijoh (,}iej' jiiifum^ to^dhiir with 

r.bi> ptirKTipit] HJt)|ju]iii- fi>rmd hmu whicli thuy aio envenJi v d«riv>^, 

I. i'lur. form, bii&k. fram aiiijjruhLm oT tlie ^oum bnik^ 

bSrk, hirkA. birlk. birtk*, ^Ml^k ; ^-;/. : — 

khiyam 

tiiuut 

■liltah 
nib*t; 

lb4L- 



)£ll«ltJU 








pair itj K 


IchAmiL 


(Ur 


• klmym*) 


timL 


fttid tbii two 


toTKl^U 


wordt* 


-- 


bur da 








tw»V 


wthrnhib 








levihj^op 


dibh 








imtr 













* k«Uulmm A(i«r Ihe tim b. 



* Qfkliuctivt noau. 






THs buoken plural 



71 



gitU 




Mf 


birak 


birk& 




pond 


'ittft 




moth 


Htat 


]^t1ft(ror 


hijla) 


vriie 


hi^ 


fltra 




ttin-y 


fliyar; 


gidld 




oidarm^l coin 


gida4; 


iqidliiA 




eHy 


mid^: 


ehuUi 




lume-tMh 


Bhilai 


3. Bur&k, 


from Bizkg. 


forma barka, baiik, biri^ bnrka ; 


cp.:— 








balta 




0X0 


bolat 


takhtfti 




bench 


toVhat 


bmd% 




lantp 




h&rbft 




fancfl 


hun,i 


6da^ (foi 


■ awda) 


room 


uwad 


gidtd (gftdid) 


neuj 


gudad; 


hafrm 




hotc 


$ufar 


bu]gh& (alao bfttgha) 


kind of shoe 


bulagln 


okra 




door-handie 


nkar 


vAn 




picture 


puwar 


orta^ 




baUtdion 


uraf 


bihA(for 


buvza) 


beer-ehop 


biiwaz 


3. Burk or (TArel;) birk, from amf;. forma barflk&, bbikft, 


bartk, bortka, 


abrak,' and 


(in one case) ibrik ; 


#^. :— 


*ae^yft 




stick 


<u*y 


'abAja 




rtoak 


'iby; 


nit47a 




/cinai^ 


nity; 


ghaabtm 




fintplc 


ghuahm 


qudtiu 




M, eluiif'^ 


qadm 


*ahtt 




citnpktom 


'ab(;> 


bailn 




mat 


tnir; 


ftkhraf 




dumb 


khnrf 


ahwU 




t^rUniing 


bM (for knwl) 


a-wag 




CTWtkod 


'flg (for 'uwgj 


a^m&r 




rid 


Vwnr 






Afowh 


^OTOT 


B.b;ad 




vAtfV 


btd (for buyd) 


iswid 




Uadi 


etd (for suwd) 


a^ma 




hiind 


*iiny* 



t Turkish. 

* ExpreBditig colours and bodily infirmitiea, 
■ AIbo 'ibt and 'ubafa. 

* A few of tbeaa words have also the plur. form burkin, biik^. 



^H^ 7S THE SK>KP: 




i^V ^^^B 


N AHAFIC OF EGYPT ^^^H 


^^^B 4. Bnruki from aing. forme borik, biirEUc, bir^, biHkft, bofka \ ^^^ 


^^1 




^^H 


^^^_ l>riq 


road 


(uruq ^H 


^^^H mU 


mtiuifni/eT, trponiU 


niHiil ^^B 


^^^H 


iHJUi. 


kutubi> ^H 


^^^^^H midtiia 


f>ify 


caaduD ; ' ^^H 


^^^^^^r bnrdA (biiriia) 


a hrtd q/ okU 


biirud (bumd) ^^B 


^^H C. Bir^, bui^ froDi 


HULg, foriQH Iftirk, tKit 


Li, banik, bAi-ik, ^^| 


^^^1 bartlc (flTtd its tlimiDutiivA, 


biiruiyikj, bnnik, bit-k, blrka* btrik,> ^^B 


^^^^^^ burk ; e.^, : — 




^^H 


^^H ugu 


fTUtiB 


bi^hil; ^H 


^^^^^^M &iarr& 


time 


mirlr ^^B 


^^^^^^1 furkha 


)tjid 


dr&kh ^H 


^^^H balH^i 


lottfn 


bU&d ^H 


^^^^^H viUftd 


h<^ 


wiUd« ^H 


^^^^^^H wanu] 


papa- 


wirtq« ^H 


^^^^^^1 


viourttairt 


^H 


^^^^^^P 


i^Ofnd 


){imAl ^^H 


^^^^^1 pu-ja (Fod* gfin^} 


rutgrtn, aiave-'j^rl 


lEUwir; ^^^B 


^^^H tOgir 


merxika/iU 


to^S ^^^H 


^^^H 


wKok 


^^^H 


^^^^B 


iteep 


^huwH ^^^B 


^^^H fawn 


laU 


^H 


^^^^^^1 q&f!r (fiJid tbe more 


Iff all t ^iori 


<pi«£r ^^B 


^^^^^^^ form 




^^H 


^^^^^^1 




^^H 


^^^^^^1 


eld 


qurJim ^^^^^^ 


^^^^H BBinti 


leauti/tU 


^^^^H 


^^H HM 


iruE, titktflf 


^^H 


^^^^^^ ^luuit (for gbftnty) 

^^^^^B ahitqT (far abuqE/) 


rich 


gh^Ddj ^^^H 


urUlccii, felon 


obuciitj ^^^^^H 


^^B 


freak 


^H 


^^^^ <ftijU 


rTUtit 


^H 


^^B ^ The paifoct plur. kitdbat in mora ooDLmoiOy UB«d by thft ^^| 


^^^1 Iwe dducAtod. Tie double 


plur. kuinMt -vill a^fio ^te bMrd ^^H 


^^^1 ' A nire roriij, Miilftii and (lorui uomujui; 


Jv) oiMil'it) nro ^^H 


^^H tb060 Ltl UBI. 




■ 


^^^1 * A viNikpTit^ form of bttHk, th^ i ooeurring 


Oiontiy kr«twi«4a ^^H 


^^H ft<«k ^^inmianu. 




^^^1 


^^H ^ Quifti j«r h» ftlao Ibt) 


ui»d bjr Uw «4imtfNlr w wUq auU^. ^^B 


|i«rf Mt phtf . qufkiyarlu. ^^H 



THE BROKEN PLORAL 



n 



widn 
■iim 

^ifna 
gidld 
Mbir 
borg 

Rbmark.^NisA vfomgn Laa no corresponding siDgulftr form. 

6. Birk, from sing, form bardka ; e.g. : — 

d&w4yft ittlq>ot diwy 

7, Btrflk (or burflk, tba u being often asflimilated)^ from dug. 
forms b&rk, biuik, b&t -ik^ b^kl, ^^j burk ; e.g. : — 



«ar 


widftn 


teeth 


sin|.n; 


fiavd/td 


W&n; 


new 


gtnlftd 


grwt 


kubfrr; 


toteer 


birfig 



ba^n 




beUy 


bufdn 


gatflh 




Jbal oj donkey 


gu^fleh 


dab' 




hyama 


dubfl* 


eab' 




tiOH 


EubH' 


□aqc 




haJteM branch 


nnqCka 


barr 




Mhore 


burflr 


tan 




hai 


tilQl 


aJf 




thousand 


ulOf 


b^(for 


bayt) 


houM 


biyflt (or 
bnyllt) 


Tftff 




whOf 


rufflf 


daqn 




hecmi 


diqftn 


*fl 




root 


uflU 


eCf (for Mjt) 


taord 


siyHf 


gfeh 




army 


giyflab ; 


malik 




king 


muluk (or 

mUQk); 


Bblhid 




vitneu 


shuhfld ; ^ 


sarght 




delivery-book 


alriLg 


gidr 
niad 




root 


gidQr 




Induut« 


binM 


gidd 




yrand/aiher 


gidUd 


dtk(for 


diyk) 


cock 


diyQk; 


burg 




piffeon^-eot on roof 








o/ttnoer 


burOg 


8. Btr4k, 


, from «ing. form h&nk ; e^, : — 




Buya (for a&'is. Bdyia) 


gr<H/m 


aly^ 


'fiyiq 




dandy 


tyiq 



^ More usually abukhfld, especially amongst the lower cUssett. 





^H 74 THE SPOKGN ARABIC OF EOTPT ^H 


^^^^ ft. Bumk, fruru sing, form hkrik ; e,y, : — 


^^H 


^^^^^H *^^ minor 


c]ii^SU- ^^B 


^^^^^^ 10, Burr^ (arid birr^k), from tiin^. fArm bai-ik ; t','?. ^ — ^^H 


^^^^ i^ir fttflrcJtanf 


tuseilr ^^^^B 


^^^M ^Agib chamhffrinirtf uthfr huggAb |^^^^^| 


^^^1 Htkib jMLwcnyer 


nikkAb ^^^B 


^^^1 li4ri« guardiQu 


t^urrslf ^^B 


^^^H nll^}liit tnJUfW 


«hiihtL£d ^H 


^^^B mhl\ *l£iO€T 


£itbHl( ^^1 


^H kafir mrfj^'i 


kuilir ^H 


^^1 ^Ke (^<>i' ^%^) jTilynm 


hukkim ^H 


^^H ^Akim J^M^iri fHiJtfr 


^^H nhiti'r r^ffvvr, ^^nninir 


ihut^ri ^H 


^^^1 11. Burokik,^ fnint sin^. Forma hJLriik, bnrtk, InHkn, hJtrik« ^^H 


^H 1-idk;> 


^^^B 


^^H nmir (-At^r^iaMi 


utnArft ^^^^^B 


^H 'M^ 4'»t&«tt{» 


^^^H 


^^^B qjidlm flrlEtietlf 


qLuUmft* ^^B 


^^B hAklm phif/itisn 


^^B 


^H khiurfa CixUph 


KhiiliLfa; ^^B 


^^K biwi jf^j^ 


Juvnh^ (for ^^B 




hlAHJ'bli ^^M 


^^H ffidt /^At* 


qailH' Ifnr ^H 




qtidavft); ^H 


^^^1 bikhfl grecJif 


biJchalA ^H 


^^H HhiHk partner 


AlllUUk]! ^^B 


^^H 13. BiiHk nnd (wpj^keneil f[jrm) birtk. 


from sing. fnmiA ^^B 


^^H hiirk, birk, bii-uk (bnr&ki ; f.fj. t — 


^M 


^^H *nbcl »faV0 


^^H 


^^H f^^ 


^H 


^^B Wim&y (oFlmmAr) 'i^nk*^ 


^tr ^H 


^^B ' Th^Ar wrirji wen* nil on^iimlly |iicv^itt pu-tifripW ShHiir ^^^| 


^^H hmA ■omvMiTi''- t.h<i pc^rfwrt pUif- AbAlrln^ 


^^H 


^^B iiK' IxtOi iMinkn uuilbiii'iikAof Uil^ f-ltwlcnJ, Ibft "^^l 


^^B d i» fi ,i.''#tiAl hiti^ iri & faw fftAM. 


^^^^H 


^^^1 ' \Vimknrii<il furm (if bdi Tk. 


^^^^^1 


^^^1 * TUli faiin j« otlIt <li^ nft a nqbitantix't*. 


^^^^^1 


^^B * <Jr t>i"vA. qii'U (pninoiinui* hiwUi, quilAh)^ 


Sn hA'I »n4M#"f^', ^^B 


^^^^^^ fU^ Ot Vk'lh- 


■ 



THE BHOKES PLURAL 75 

J3. IWuk (iibruk), from raog. forms bftrfa, btT^ ; e.g. r — 

hrkh HhM of jHiper if rukh 

daqn beard idquii 

raff th«^ irfuf 

nftf B «Mi< itif Ofl 

dal' n:6 idlo' 

ffthn ffieA i^tm 

diii' arm idru* 

14- Ibr&k and (stronger and lens commonly uaed form) abr&k, 
from riing. Forms bark, bar^k, bai-ik, birk, burk ; i.^ :<— 



ganb 


tide 


ing&b 


dU^ 


tib 


idU' 


'ftmm 


jKOenuduncU 


i'mlm 


gdE (for gayt.) 


/'a'Vf Awf^Tui 


igwii 


k6m (for kawm) 
d*^r (for dayr) 


heap 


ikwim 


cf'nvfftti 


idylT 


sbS* (for Hliay-) 


thing 


«^ya' (for 
ftshyi'):^ 


qafas 


roffe 


iqfM 


khUlVforkbawal) 


Kiatemal tmele 


ikhwil 


bAb rfor bftwab) 
&ib (for n&yab) 


door 


ibwab 


canine tooth 


inyftb;* 


fahib 


omter^/rieift 


aflhAb, i^hflb ; 


gins 


kiud 


ignfts 


'ibb 


brtaai-poeM 


i'bAb 


gidd 


gtawi/dther 


igdid 


dinn 


wine^ut 


idnAn 


bill 


breast 


ib£fi£> 


aiTiQ 


teeth 


isz)j|n' 


(^il ^ 


eeniury 


igjil 


tfn T^^'' 


kmd, wi7 


MyAn 


Wftqt 


Hnie 


ftuqat* 


blr (for bi'r) 


w^t 


ibyftp 


■Ir 


ytnter-jnr 


byftrs 


dilw 


hnchst 


idlflw 



> Bat commonly pronounced ashya. The mixed plural Ashytt 
is En moi-e genet-al use. 

^ Pnmonnoed also niyab (soe % 15). 

' Or biEllEf Binan. 

^ Ah mik yaf OtHsh waU vaqt il aaqS% he mil never leave ii for 
a momeiti. 

* Oriiyflr. 



7C 



THE RroKEN ARABIC OF ECIYPT 



Bid lord \tvLA\i 

gum Imm 

gill' J'tXi-t 

bflr (fur Biiwr) irrt/V 

bftq truirifftt 

Kc-H^AK, — Alf lhoH»aail aiakon !iW (t%s iu Ubei'iu':^ Aiubic) or 
alM , rui^' (ur nt'/) '^zn7^ ani ( = at'A uf the clujuicnl/ ; i^ni /j<Wi« 
ttsma {cliv^i'i*.'- iHimii'), 

15. iWika' itnti (rarely) nWik/i. fiiim ^in^, forme Iwmk. 
baiik, birdk, bunik, biijk; t'j.'^ — 



ifyild; 

itq4J 

ibwftq 



llJLElaic 


mofifft ibiiibii 


kitdlf 


dtfjff^ iknifa; 


giriib 


grftlltarii i|-riba 


higib 


aiuuJ'-r ibgib& 


he dim 


Wf>9//™ Httak^ hhitifirl ihrimtt 


birto 


«arlA^j ttdULVf^u ibrimit 


licdD 


t'jjiffiu iliuiia 


tirOr (itself plur. i)f 


iuitiouA i^riiu; 


rirrj 




butfit 


f^r^Kf ibdta 


bU^JUL 


Am>r ih^iuft 


gSmr&b 


(tniir i^linbai 


ri(jlilf 


/w^ irghlfft 


iribn 


/rF»n/4ii>^ ii^biltt 



16^ Abrtku »iiil ibrlko, fn:im Miif^r fwut^ borvk, bnrlk: 



• y- ■— 



dttwft (for ()bw«'] 
ghuit (for gbi&nly) 



TfhallitA^, villain 



irfwly*' (or 
4gEiIyit 



' Os stytt\\. f!ir,\n. 

' iDoIndiTi^j ibriV* of tJio c*b»b]c&l SLirij nurJ« uf tkn for 
*!*»■ pi-QUDiiiHiti bTnkft(4ooi 15). 

* Tbfl qiwt** i-hiujjriQg ba *. 

* TJiNM), In i^Uj^ii^il Aiiibic. buLuuj; Ui tlid i^ruoodiLii; furu^ 
Tb«j lU't' not iimi^b uawl b^ tlm U>tv<>r ffbiuw^- 



THE BROKEN PLUBAL 



77 



17- Bawirik, from sing, forme barka (contracted from 
bariks), bftrik* burk, barlka; e.g.: — 

bodw occurrence hawfLdis 

fak-bft Jruit fawikih 

nadra incident nawildir 

madna minaret mawadiQ ; 

hAAr hoof haw&fir 

kh&tim tignet-ring kbaw^tim ; 

dufr Jirvjer^nail dawHtir ; 

fantya trai/ ^w&at 

Rbmabk. — Sxkh&' Jinger makes ^awabi', from an unnaed sing, 
^bi*. 

16. Bar&yik(barft-ik),i from sing, forms badk, badka, barQk, 
btirClka, birka, birtk,^ birlka,^ bir6ka, burka, borQk; e^g.'-r- 



habtb 




fritiid 


hubt jib ; 


gartma 




crime 


'garftyim; 


'agfli 




old 


*agiyii ; 


■axflma 




baifpiet 


^azAjim 


'arQva 




b'-ide 


'arayi^ ; 


flhiffa 




Hi. 


shaffijif 


Bilfa 




lttuhand*s brother*!! 
vi/s 


sal£jif ; 


biblnkf bihima 


caiUe 


babijim ; 


gidlla 




lock of hair 


gadjiyi] 


midlcka 




dtg 


mad&jin ; 


ginSnft 




garden 


ganAjin; 


doira 




one of itco or mor9 


dar&jlr; 


i^abUn 




ctulomer 


sabAyiii 


BfiMAKK, 


—It will be noticed that, with tbo e^roption of birka 


fttid burkot the second syllable of these singulars is long. 


19- Birkin, burkAn, from sing, forms bark, barka, barak, 


bankba^ bar&k, bartk, b&rik, burk, buiik, abrak; 


e.g.\ — 


shabb 




ijouth 


shubbfcn 


far (for 


faT) 


mouM 


flrfin*(for 
fi'Hln) 


^ 




tambourine 


tiriik»(for 
Myrkn) 


tOr (for 


tawrl 


buU 


tlrAo 



^ For the pronnnciation of thsM words, nea § 19. 
> Weak forma of bartk, bartka. 

* In tbeir relationship bo one another, co-ipouse. 

* QmenHy pronounced £ir&n, t^r&n, Jtc. (J IG), 



^V TB THT. SPUKE 


^^^V 


■^^H 


^^^^^1^^^ 


^flta^^l^^^l 


X ABABIC OF EGY^r ^^^M 


^H kAbh 




tn^iritvi-p /•t' DOittt 


hiMhka ^^^1 


^H 




iank, ffnain 


^^^H 


^H kAm 




hf'tji 


^^^^1 


^H ghi'[(forghayt} 




JUid 


ghii^ ; ^^^^M 


^^m tfiqu 




vind^ii; 


M^&o ; ^^^H 


^^^B jf&Ju' 




^c^u/At^nuf /e//c/U' 


gid'Au ^^^^^H 


^^M ^hlJuq 




^a/mttet- 


ghiilqilD ^^^^^1 


^H '«nb 




Aral, BeUvuirt 


^^^^^H 


^H Ub (Fm^ bftWAb) 




dtvr 


^^^^^H 


^^H kh&lbi^lL 




old tjax-Mitint 


khiiLqiri; ^^^^^| 


^^H ghaxu] 




tfo^elle 


^^^^^1 


^^H ghlbtA 




tfOiur. It./ 


gbuty&n; ^^^H 


^H ^odji 




imtiayriJifni 


'ira&h ^^^^H 


^H 




poUt a( ajrnagf. 


^^^^H 


^^^ (]fc(I lb 




tod 


qiidb^i ^^^^^K 


W, ctuj^-l* 




brave 


anu^uii ^^^^^1 


V wit 




lad, nfijjreiUicc 


^^^^^1 


f rflhlb 




muTji 


nibbAc ^^^^H 


^^m h«t (fof ^iA't^) 




fi>i3ili 


hltdu; ^^^H 


^B 




elfxnc 


kl'&tk ^H 


^H 




miLff 


kiitliL ^^^1 


^H 




i-^JV 


gbllAn ; ^^^^1 


^^^1 uLijgA* 




l/rafi 


^^^^^1 


^^^1 ghuL.ib 




<TOIff 


j^hirbiu ; ^^^^^1 


^^^1 




Uiui 


*iniyiii ^^^M 


^^V RhMAhK A. — TIlO 


fiM-m 


■limk ifl pecolW 1.o 


jL t^v AiiWr-i\<i»i ^^H 


V ilutiuLiug ouloui> iirnl 


perioim.) ilef«4-t?j, wtiich bD,ve tba duplii'^ae ^^H 


^^_^ furuJ Uu'k lA- (iii tilt.' 


case • 


dE ft'OiiL) birk. 


^^^^M 


^^P Heuauk 6^— TU? ^L«tJ 


uijfwAu k uead ftd Uie (tlunU v( itwi^^^^^^l 


^^^ lUinia/L 






^^^^^H 


■ 20. IWi^Pi. frani 


fling. 


foi'iTiaWrku (intOu'lm 


^ binka), bturk^^^^^H 


H bftrktULi Virku, birkiti 


« IrirUEA, lurk&nl, tfUficinl^ 


^^^^^H 


^^^ b^lvta 




ff/rtW«i*a/ 


h<UJkW» ^^^^H 


^^^ AHi^ n (EAviya) 




Ony^ r'AlijW 


^^^^^1 


^^H }«.tiiii 




or/'Aoft 


^tOcBA; ^^^^^1 


^H hMA 




/fvv;naiiri 


JubAU; ^^^H 


^H *ir7Aa 




«a.M 


^^^^^H 


^^1 




A/fWcTJfi h'-'ttrnt/rf^ 


UkAvft; ^^^H 


^^^B ghiL 1 kiua 




Vmtdi^i 


^^^H 


^^H nafr.^Tit 




Chrutian 


i:ta(*i«; ^^^^H 


^^ wmt&nA 




rOK/ruf 


wul;* ^^^^1 


^^H ' tV fwlflci 


ptju\ 


'irydntai is miith uitirs 


1 'TontacQ, ^^^^1 



THE BROKEN PLURAL 



79 



21. BuTukft, from aing, form birrlk; o^. 

qaasls piie^ 



qQSQSft 



S2. Bai-dk! (for borakly), fvoia sing, foi'mr» bark, bftrku, 
barklyft, bankkt^o, birita, birld, birkf^i, birkAya, bui^kt ; 
^^9- -— 



ard 


tarth 


arAdt 


ahi 


famUif 


abiil 


sakw 


overcoat 


eak&wt ; 


da'wa 


cJaim 


da'awt 


Ifila (for lnyl&) 


night 


\B.ym 


qahwa 


cojesj coffm-Jiirvde 


qaMwI 


shakwa 


compiairU 


abakttwl 


hkm 


qunrtei- (qf a ioipii) 


Vw&ri; 


Bhamri^ 


vmbreiiai ahuHer 


Hh&mAKl 


fahq!_va 


fountain 


faafiqi; 


mA*adi3Iya 


ferry 


ma'&di; 


birbit 


tmcivrd leiit^ 


barabf 


migra 


eireaot 


magtrt 


kilwA 


/ridneif 


k&iiwt 


mikhla 


noM-lag 


m&khill 


mirm 


onefu^ 


mai^tiE; 


bird 


wid 


bar&ri ^oa^ie 
tande 


dai 


P^^ 


aay^; 


bitttya 


COMk 


baUt!; 


hidd&ya 


kite 


TiiidAdl 


mikhb&ya 


hiding-plae9 


i&akh£bl ; 


bnrghl^ 


tereia 


barSghl 


kurat 


chair 


karufit 


fcubrli 


bridge 


kab4ri 



Kehahs,- — pura ntaitej bal^u uvercoat, tuid bmtu (or biutt) 

napoleon^ h&ve pIui'^^U of this form, DAjnaly ^ dsskvt fields of maiz^, 
baUft, baii&tL 

23. Burftka^ &ia£< forma, b&rk, bax^k ; e,ff. : — 



d&'tf 



stone 
Keak 



dll'^a* 



1 1o^)a^ 



1 T)a^if ifl nior^ ODnunotk 



■jj^^l 


^^9 


i 


^^^ 


^^^■^C 


3 


^ 00 THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF 


EGYPT ^1 


^^^^^H 34. Birflka, butilk&, from sing, furma Imrk, barak« birk; 9.^, :^ ^^H 


^^^v' W 


niwnif 




buqfLf& ^^H 


^^^^H n&f 


wiermttt 




nutAlK ^^M 


^^^1 


iion 




BUt}fi>R ^H 


^^^1 i^ 


hytpu^ 




dabll'& ^H 


^^m m^ 


teUimj 




auqaFa ^^1 


^^^^^H Tuqi 


ieafifM brfineh 




TiuqQrA ^^H 


^^^^^^H bjUlk 


bank, imn*ih 




^H 


^^^^^^H 


iiuJe 




dukOnt; ^H 


^^^^^^1 


iiffer 




tiiimAni ^^H 


^^^^^^ RnuRE — Nouni wViieh roahe kiurflkji , 


geneniUy admit bJwv ^^| 


^^^L^^ tbe form burflk- 






^^H 


^^^^^L S5> Bijrfiko, from mng. 


forta hiktik.; «^ 


.X — 


^^1 


^^H 


ptan 




^H 


^^^^^H 26- Baw&Hk,' from aiug. forms btkrJ^, 1 


bAilk, 


, birOk, birflkA, ^H 


^^^^^ burQkft, b[rfik; «-£/. t — 






■ 


^^^^ m&'id 


iime, pffriod 




iiiHvAMd; ^^H 


^^^K tArtkh 


iUUi {Hm) 




tuwlHkh ^H 


^^^^^B 


folumik 




■nwimld ^H 


^^^1 «Atflr 


ehojfper 




vuw&tir ^^1 


^^^^H M«ar 


hfXvnurTkaid 




bjiw&«tr ^^H 


^^^^^^^V ffJLmAfl 


bt^o 




guwftiula ^^1 


^^^H 


jK^ai^Ofk 




^^H 


^^^^H 


miU 




tihwjlhlii' ^^H 


^^^^^H 


taU, goK^ip 




^H 


^^^^^H iundn 


ruidU 




haiirfifllr; ^H 


^^^^H 


tftHee 




dawi'wia ^^H 


^^^^^H 2T, Il«>Arik| from nng 


. form bturik ; e, 


,f;- :— 


■ 


^^^^H 


mfincy-tjiom'jfr 




VL^irif ^^M 


^^^^^ 28. lAkbjlbjC, from aiitg. Tonna tjikhlml, Ukhbut*. lAkbbntf, ^^| 


^^^^ bklibtt, kkhblVL, likhbii^ likbbii^L, lukbhit, lukhbut ; «,|^ - ^^ 


^^^^^^m njabr»i1 


JiU 




Li;&bLi~id ^^H 


^^^^^^^H UlB^TUa' 


fUtfpiU'^ 




moffftmi' ^^^1 


^^^^^^^1 miLfnksb 


iuhtf-^Mfi 




mufHii:^ ^^^1 


^^^H rfth«f 




ftV^ 


^^M 


^^^V tmrlMbh 


'-tdmri 




bvUrikb ^1 


^^^P ' {JnUhU^r pronounoori 1 


t>«v>Hklii «'ith A 


vflry 


kliffht ftdoo&t fi« ^^H 


^^^^ bh« unPonrl u ( Her ; 1 3| 






^^^1 


^^^^^H > b^nCLU rinei pooietiin 


tm ztuke* lunAwtl (fuc 


ift<aiiiti), ^H 






hI 


i^^^^^^^^^H 



t^^t 


im 


Y^U 


^^^H TIIU 


BROKEN PLtTlUL 


e\ ^^H 


^ dfira^ (dawriKij 


kiTylo/bottU 


davAHq ^^^^^| 


^^^1 mabklijmi 


t^rtxr 


taabfikhir ^^^^H 


^^^H ni;xl>kaxQa 


f'fttri 


tnuth&kua ^^^^^| 


^^^H tuu^WiL 


dtnikcyU MddU 


baradi' ^^^^^| 


^^H ahnbrjuja 


treat 


ebabilriq ; ^^^^^H 


^^H 'ik^iUrl 


rh^it'M 


^^^^^H 


^H bfltW (bawlifa^ 


in mica 


baw&lit; ^^^^H 


^H Kiie^'l 


ttitiili hell 


galAgi]; ^^^^^ 


^^^H guntfima 


^kuU 


gamAgim; ^^^H 


^^H burqu* 


veil 


b&Hqi* ^^^^H 


^^H gUlDTllk ' 


aitiotit'ttmifc 


ffiuofliik ^^^^H 


^^^1 dungiil 


rtrie (n_/ trurriag^ 


diiiiA^ ^^^^^^H 


^^^f Rbmahr. — M4b&T(r'}r taityhoj) jiaekirifj naedU mak&f> tna,vihii\ ^^| 


^^ 29, I*iVhah1t,^ from 


Biag^ fornix 1nkh1>iit, 


IflklibltA, l&kb- ^H 


■ biti, Ukhba(lTft, Iak^blt> l^^cLbtta, lalchhfi^ lokhhfl^, likhhilf, ^^H 


1 liklil&ta, likhbl^ JikLbiyati lubbba^, lukkb^ta, lukhbtt^tya, lukb- ^^| 


^^^ bh\t luitlibt't^; Crff.: — 




^^^H 


^K bailee (or biilU?]) 


kind of jar 


bfJiUl^; ^^^H 


^^^1 ffiihliMU 


irunh, boiC 


9) }i A Mr ; ^^^^H 


^^H gallibtyn 


jfinan 


^^^H 


^H taf^l 


d9tail 


^^^H 


^^^1 nkiuxtkA 


mnticf land 


diuuctk ^^^^^B 


^^^V huTtma 


torkecrw 


bfkT^lu ^^^^^H 


^^H borghflt 


Jfea4 


barigbit ^^^^| 


^H katkut 


rhiditm 


katikit ^^^H 


^^1 urbfln 


Unt, tW,7ar 


^^^^^H 


^^^B mm'iAm 


inriitdi ifuesi 


ma'Axiui ^^^^^^^^t 


^^H mAflgl^n 


prUemi&t 


DtASngTn ^^^^^^^^1 


^^H mftfU^m 


ojfprv^Kd 


iDfiajUljn ^^^^^H 


^^^H nu'ioCr 


4 Giftienimerit re- 
jpyt«CTUiiiiee 


tDa'^mlr ^^^^^H 


^^H tAiml^ra 


tkirt 


Conunlr ^^^^^H 


^^H birwfii 


j"riur€-jratne 


bu-uwti ^^^^^H 


^H isbibbAk 


uiitJf/tf 


ell abiiblk ; ^^^^^H 


^H Hikkin 


fcai/f 


luikAkfn ^^^^H 


^^H 


/ftMuu^rneomhj/ie'Mttn sliiLQitln : ^^^^^| 


^^1 tniiTt^ 


/yy 


mofAtlh ^^^^^1 


^H MjIK imiOL 


tiBfrtfirard 


ilHvaitb ^^^H 


^^H 


hinct. fioKiw 


wlA^fn ^^^^^1 


^^^B ijust£<k 


kind <^ ua/ch-«iaifi 


qn&aUk ^^^^H 


^^^ ■ TUrkiah. ' T 


iua 


hvlaJ( ^H 


hp HpfVin^T a it i^mo Ucoll/ ahort, ^ abova ^^| 


a 


* ll«ttor bjirHmjkl* 


^^^^H 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



30> lAkltJibta (lakMbita), From ein^. furius l^Lba^, lakbUt^i, 
lukhb&t, Ifiicbbriti, Itkkhbl^, kktbitl, laklibQir, JakhUi^in, Ukhobi'it, 
UkbMt, lubhhutawi; e.^, : — 



berberf, bitrbrfcrl 
gnbbajr 

turkSw! 
hindaw) 

iQuiyidi [ormfyidl) 

dukrOrl 
targuDiAa 

dikWr 
liitiiguMwt 



itniivr t'/ flcrhsr bbrabrA ', 

tyrant gabitmi ; 

Twft ULT&kwa 

Indian hiujidwki 

ectiolar talamza * 

coin mayftyda ; 

luilive 0/ fJ'iArdr dalotniH ; 

tntffryrvtpf tara^ma 

Pharaoft, i^ant fora^ca ^ 

if Uf^Lir dakatr& ; 

Reuakk, — Fajflml native 0/ Gig Fat/oum {tnyajma) may be 
ludtidoi iu tbi9 litiU 

The quinqTiiliteml kitHtih^o tkimbU makps kmathto;* aHabb 
n dry measuret ^iradibb aud orfUlib. 

§ 84. The following nouna, in addition tc tboBonlrMd; ootdced 
('la fiJkbkh, iiktit« i.LuraJ, form tbif ir plurals ijiiite irre^uUrly : — 

ob&kh o/rf rndT, sheikh inusM'ikli 

jtm day ^y\-m. lyj^ni, 

yam 

fft*t* Ai^Tiftyrr/ ru'ih 

nt^Tft liufutr€fi mlyilj 

KhAJ ^ftr«fl, lUAWJb:! for ni*a^ leo'j/^jai, ujU ;>f'ip/r' ftrflrepreflontnl 
ia tiitf ffiu|;iiLii' by hufjilii, umru, arirl iii^Aii rwpfvtively. 



^ But g«jter»IIy uxUmli, 

' Hilt more luunlly knrttblaiL 

■ jVittAtfy ni'«, ni'fis. 

• t%pii- lii'l*iw iimier burolui. 

^ Thf f|imii;i)tiv4i mi>iy& t« ikc only Afijt O) hi 



THE BROKEN PLUEAL 



S» 



Tli^ plurrkl of iliro' arm ih UHOnllj itlru*, but in udh^ti'iic- 
tioD it. tAikvs tLo form dirit (idi'L't)^ as dLri'lf UtiO^u uij two 
armf. 

g 85. A fnw plui'ftb, UK fulflj* vionetj^ teiituUtlilr noae (literuJly 

wlik'lj tLej atv ilerivi-J nut b«iri^ in (jse ur bivniiig a Jifft^rt'iit 
rn<viTiin^; liut r^oniP of tlit-ni are r«||[ri.nttHl tXA |ilfir:tla Utr tht> 
|>urpo^-H {.rF oont'Onl. Su^Qh rr>?^iLii4i it« i^iii^uliir ^tf-'^ U't^ both 
LU ude, but tlie fumier i^tlitj more cominuit. 

% 86. CouipLir>Ltivmi oud F<viper1iLtivKA bavf^ iiofilurul fui'Ju. wEtU 
f.lie &xL*eptjon of ikklior 'jfftitrdf (in tb& ^i]trtwjion nkabir in iirtB 
■jrati'l&v). Many collective iiouofi aJeo, iLud in partirijlitr thtwe 
Janotin^ Omtill animus, bave uo plurjil^ as dQd ipttnus^ tu\.u\\ uriU. 
LuAtJy, tbu itdjeclivifS «i]uimi«r4.ted iii ^ (]2 u^ buviu^ iiu tcepmniH 
form for tbe F^oiinine r^mftiit LLUchariged in the plurnL 

'^ **7, Id ^tan'/, ri^l ftrotf aiod *tu tf^e •use tb© dimJ form for thy 
plural^ Its urbuLl Idcn /oar hatidgy Hj^Ku il bufia the honc'e 

g 88. It trill be ol^sei'ved thnt forcigti wordti, thouf^h gGuerally 
E»Hkiti|^ tbojr plural in -<Uy &rb idso r^u^cuplible t>f brokL'u f^^nn?, 
Uu till? wliola, Ibere j» a, tendorjc}' to prefvr the brnkeii pluiul 
uhtin tlie fm'f'igTi wonl t<-nd!4 itAt-lf Ui ^Uflr il fornuLtiiiui. 

g 8;>. As i£ shown hy the nbox'e lisTd^ miiny U'ordE have mw^ 
tbaa olio ford foi- the* pluml ; tbud iIjiI" n/' nuikf^ idlA\ idlu', ot 
dulA'L EKptii4eD(.-i> iJuiie will prove wbii-b of TibeMf is iti cutumoii 
iifip^ or vrhrtt,her, it* in th« cu^e with KOme of them, one form u 
tiei:^! ■] lus ofl^oQ aa li-Tiotiier, 

§ !"0. UlOf, pliJi, of alf i/'OtiWrff. and ita double pluj, ulllfit, 
*i-v exp^^^^iv^ of eui ind^liiilie number. Thus wit 6»y tuJaU Al&f 
Mrw tfu>iudnd. but niflf (or uiaffli) tht>vMtnd*.' or (adverbUliy) ^y 

I in. Tbf- ipiirner mut-x not be diacourftged by tbe long linl of 
broken |>lui'ubs A tiUN>Fid t^tiidy of ihh fliu^uliu- foniiq from 
which tbty may in pAch ca^x b»* lienved, iu»d u oonipiirieon of 
tb« diffciroDt pJoi'iJik which may be comitrufted from tbr ^mr 
niQ^ulur frjrm. will coniiuce him iliAt tlie t^y^tpiu is not witlioitL 
m'dur. TUi* followiit^ plural fomiH-^ are Thiw^tt w)tirh »re most 
i^omiaocly heu-d : — 



^ 4y(Ui «ye0 ie, liowever, aom^timw hea.nl, aa in AllAh yZbciIk 
mia *iyila in nBa God jrroiect you from, the eya o/ tnen (i.e. /roitt 

- As to tLi> siQgulu-s, thoae that aro rare bt« iitdicaled by the 
^Diall ijumber of uLUDplta aci:om]>nnyixi({ lU^oj. 





^H ai THE 9F0KEN A£ABIC OF EGVFT ^H 


^H (1) birak, (2) bumk, (3) burk, [4) borok, (5) h\r&k, (7) bu-Qk. ^H 


^H biirfik, (10) burr^k. <]!) bumko, (U) ibrUe, (15] ibrikn, (17) ^H 


^H bftWQi'ik, (18) boTJl^ib, (19) btrkiu, butknti, f2B) U^^■:J■fk, (28» ^H 


^H lftkUb>t.(S{})Iiikhibl|.(30]lAkb^b^. Of iheac H), (^)J5),(U), ^H 


^^^^^ (16), (26), (29), aciil (itO) aniar inui-p frexjueutJy tliun the olhera. ^^| 


^^^H VOOABULARY ^| 


^^^^ kaia(l) ^a/7 


matLt doiihl'-'I, ^^H 


^^H li*b fjaifif! 


frar^jfi^/ ^^H 


^^H ^imidft (2) ftfTfuA/er fi^ad- 


yifibtHgtukld tJtffif "y^rk ^^| 


^^K man 


yeahllS th^f/ rarrjj ^^| 


^H qt4t> (2) CO/ 


yigH thci/ t^rji'it* ^^H 


^B sfVViLO} «rfn^/ 


jrcM^O ^fu-y nfifl ^H 


^^H bamm pjfmmida 


jiEtifiliii fi^y tfvi/jb ^^1 


^^U maffLnb (2C) pj/« 


yolimoift th^ir pvh up ^^H 


^H 9a1d(or0Md) Upper Egypt 


jekbftfl icio thei/jvjr ^^| 


^^H grunmis (>&) bupaJfHlrotvr 


Fikbfi fAify rof/fl ^^H 


^^U Muikl otf/n^ej inCatro 


iabt&rQ Ihuj/ hva^hi ^^H 


^^^ uiLwib toiiHet 


eantft 7 spmi ^^H 


^^H gluii^ (IT) nfWr/tM 


y«#hilfQ the^aet ^^^| 


^^^ Lukandft hvt^l 


qa'ail Q f A^y Aif ^^^| 


^^H ahuiVL ^1 p^triman- 


ynii'ucia thtij tit ^^^k 
Wadda ft« frrouc/fU, M ^^H 


^^H '0aif 


^^H aitAm (I tt) ffrfnJo^p-^tnd 


r&niQ if^^y /Arvv ^^H 


^^H riabr bath' 


gAbl f?jfy hiiu'jhi ^^1 


^^H *utiiql coUrhr 


ytQailal^Q JAe;^ menJ, re- ^^H 


^H Lik)i1n (5) Mf^jt 


/Uir ^^H 


^^H tilib onA r~i^ 


n&uii hriitt; dotm, ^^H 


^^H miktitQ( ^^(m' 


r/nj0 f/ncn ^^| 


^^H rikib riding 


flitn*& jEAq/ AmpW ^^H 


^^H lib [a wranng 


shiitrfl ihtjt drank ^^H 


^^B BD&'kAl Mitm 


l^ittt pitf ^^^^^1 


^^H HJdilf (5) rA/jo^' 


yi^^kurall ''l^y/>i^'!?7<Sff'l^^^^^^| 


^H t»ri Jmk 


ifcdnurts ^^^^^M 


^^H btnUn colli Uff jwr- 


kh&miLA ^if- ^^^1 


Tninbnm tamt ^thtm ^^H 


^^H mbkicni- hmkt^ 


ivnlliL ^^H 


^^^^^ N^rU. — Tho numbart r*f«r tu t]H» [ilunl formn- TbA ailjto- ^^H 


^^^^^K tivcn lo wliivk no rmmbi'i' ^iltai'LiMl Form t1 ^^H 


^^^^^y {cacDpc, uF cuutBu, tLifft wbk-b bavi:' K-VU Ul«lr ^^^1 


^^^^^^ m di^Kivnt formfttMb). Wltrinv ^ 4jHii.ivl|fk* AJ<iiil« at U>vlt a ^^^| 



THE BflOKEN PLUSAL 



9b 



perfect and a broken form tbo Utter will be einploved orily 

toa*cilmlli ^/«fy arf! imHtuI, but U nm'tUltn [or il mn'ifluilLi) ^iiru 
/Ati guaijf Jiai^^ roj^v. U kutbtn (k^ttiliiD) th&M wiio mv vji-i£in\j {or 
have lerjiCvn), buL Jl kutaba ifx clerk»* 



EXEROrSE IT 

tr HggRk Ul yiflbtoghnJO fi wimAh in irnggArlQ b«tfl' Ki^ir 
Diuibum £liut^&r u miahiim gbusbm, Ik kuwu" betQ^ Li*b it 
luaiii l*!rl wi kbtr (kubfir), wo bet<t' il itkual^nikit ]^\imv w 
(Hgluii^ftrUi, Fi pnint ig fiiia fib dubfl' wi ebC.* kubftr vi 
nmllrft w* kiwimt ftighniyftrin kiLTnftn- 11 Jjurrfc? b(<ifi' gbl(fiTii 
il fnlUhln>otihS[ft *xigyo kuMr tnkbin, we Umniayiga 1 hju-nmlja 
yidiabQlitJiu, Idyjlr i] i{ibat uinhum qnd.iut qd.wl II ft^^agl 
shaiyu.' lailwljd. wi I 'u^frr^t- Il 'ELrbiigt^ik iiukbbA(tn uiiii ^ 
Ukbjlyiiibuin. V^bf^u 1 khirEla fi 1 iewi^, ZiiLl-iLf il CJ^^h U 
mnai'L mitihum inglif u i&inhujQ wil^d 'araL\ II uiahbiLvikL wi 

I *umu4 yi^uoiO £ 1 bil^d. Lij^biibri (il i^hilba) ^im^^ fi 1 
gAniyiQ w© yfJiiamfl hit4t *Gah we Ijii^&t tiiujfii min il iii&IL 

II firaij j'fikhifu min il ((uUt, vs I qutit yekbJifii miti il kilib. 
Shil il huji^'aji min is Aikak. II 'ui'b&n botfly il liatTitn yikkAllimfl 
ingliii abssn min il boDimJtni bet(L^ Ma?ir. U 'jr&b'm hti^' it 
taJat d&i^klr kAnA mnkntirin ; mln nnlULliluim? .^nbjAn il 
kiiWftliD^iyii puni w? (itlbin J n^jir betfl' me'nllituiQhum, II 
fujitviua rikbil biuilrlium wc rUiu isbtarfl tal.-kU ircbifA min il 
fiii^r&D. Arm ^i^iflxo kbnnias girii^b^t wh tuliLti bnujitl f iLrbiLbt 
iyini. II kbiil betiV ikbwdtu shuqiy. IJ kitalwit illl fi kicAb- 
khautu kulluhuuj ^dud. II t^^<* nmbt^Cta quddjun ib^iib il 
uw4kd. IkbwaU kiiur^ w aroini w nbilyn. ML Ifi fuyiUt botA^ 
ikbwiltak lumr-t^ wulln &Cd 1 Ftti kilAb ^hoJSba nnynitTi fi 
rasUbl; tallalihiiro hniTft, Ikhwannii gum we 'ayzln je.diftfii 

I bij^it. Il moiya tig! li 1 ^Quyin min il mawjUlt botQ* kmu- 
bivnljit il larnh-- In ii4» gum nkkbbi kb&l wi bgbil wi hmti~, 

II 'JTbJui kliAdii 1 'jLi-ilyl.s 'jiU liiyittbijin. Fib qahftwl kubAr fi 
Mjuit, Sbuft il bftrjib] betA' il qudaniL fi f fa'ld? II giuniDiu 
djii-Abu 1 gnwdiLilg betubbniu ^ula ru^bum. Id uUw&d il *n^A'u 
rdl^fi 'all bilAdbum. Il liuriljiiiyM kAuili Ubeln 'ib^e wi Lrinia. 
n qiiclAh qn'urlO H 1 iiiiLhi\kiEr we Hj^yibu I mMM^gttL Libwftb il 
vusita raatTiiyin Dkidh tkame. 



1 With. 



) Ttu uHiiar-fpntpunp^ 



86 



THE SPOKES ARABIC OF EGYPT 



XXEBCTSE t8 

The moiiEda of Ob-ih) nre vftry ancient, Th» chililren aro 
very bnnpry; tLoir mouths ato ulwiiys op(?n> The curpeu ar^ 
moth-eftlen.' The flifttere Umk - Ibo blind (men) by' their hftnft 
iinO JeJ tliem to thi^ir hcniM^H. Tlif^ ]}t;i]uuir\6 thivw their l&ncas 
iit^ the young tucn. The(« ore (BmoU, bulln, bufTslnM, and 
goats ia tbo aoclosiiroet Thij Boy^ bought (aoin«) reiuly-inadi^ 
tiTousei'a from the tuilora in fhe IMou^, The (x>bb]«rs mend old 
pair^ of tJint'S. Tbi» ziiur-rhatits boogljt (sujik?) cheoLp, dirty nU) 
obqietSf repuirfd tbem, aod sol4 thtim denr m th« tonrist«. The 
Diinar«tj^ of the moBf^uo oro now. Th<t jiigglorp irit on the 
lutkomi;^ of the hotels Puttbe bookaand pu-pora en tbefihelves. 
1'he jhcinds pre very ilpfp. T|j« «Lrppnt.4!rK hjivp bnjugbt tbcdr 
haDim4.'rf!, their fileF^^ und theii' pljinfi'^. The slidLkba' beurda or^ 
vtii-y long. The oSicpis" portainnleiiux arc iu tbo traitu Tho 
air ]& fivr^b, but the nun ii? hot; drjiw Hewn the blicds and 
open the windnws, Brin;; thrpfl hiinilfuls of rlnvflf for th»* 
horses. Put tbi3 lula on the ja.fR. Tba walU of my hrotber'A 
boti^ jirQ old biit Ptrong. The judf^ect ho&rd tho womi>M'd com- 
pl!LLuU> Iho orplianti ure nihitirs. Women u'e w&ikcr than 
men. Theie otp. emperors fi,nd kings in Europp?- Th? horses are 
cold f put tbo olotbb r^n thi^ni,'^ Hi^ niiild ure iilways I'^np nnd 
dirty. Tho handloa of tho doora are brokon. The porters we 
i:|iimtiy ignorant pttopli)^ This ptusiLUta woi'k in t]to fi<*lda, Wt 
saw t.hi? pr^'tty Inils nf the poaporks in th© giLTi^onrj. The €&tt1e 
drank i^atw fi'om the tarikfl, The donkey's onrs are very long, 
much loTiger than tbose of the hdrae. The meaaenpera hive 
brought the iDvoice?!. Kin potomal iind njatem^ iind^ oro 
partners Tber^are fountains ]nth»^troet-.s. I sfi.w(some^ beau- 
tiful ^omcn tn the villa^-c^. The Jadie^r' vqHh wqfo thick. 



VOCABULARY 



Pu-(vtsh(26) dermsJi 
UioXa (26) ianterr^ 
mrg. ncrg (7) Middle 
aigara (18) ct^r, eigatvtta 
tftrbaeb(29^ fes 
ujii laqn (23) tfUHm 
abi^ka (2) /f>rft 



mnflmdr (29) 
s&QbU (39) 
BUlim (38) 
mitf joda ( 38) 
qunigul (28) 



pair of tonge^ 

nai/ 

batfiH, hamper 

pongut 



^ Trona, eiziffn bj; (min) (hi moOts, 

* mleik. * inin. * 'ala, 

^ Trans, put on thern (hu^ti Ihxtm) Di^ dMht^ 



p^l 


B3Hi 


ar^^H 


■ 


THE BBOKEN PLUBAT. 


^^^^ *Aeffir<29) 


im\nll bird, 


q&fil 


Ehntfing, ^lut -^^H 


^^^ 


epan-oto 


barabQ 


th-iyfied ^H 


^^H khjLrlHhsbiL 


teraieh 


kb;ibiLta £ 


ih^tj knfrktyi ^^^k 


^H (-fit or 29) 






^^^^H 


^H *afri^ {29) 


gpirit, dsoi! 


wiq*um 


^^^^H 


^^1 m&rtaha{^S) 


maitrem 


gbirqum 


thay fjrere ^^^^^M 


^^H -^^liabak;!, 


™/ 




diifimed ^^| 


^^M khurm (T) 


tiole 


flaraqC 


they iftole ^^^k 


^M sh>^q<7) 


jiat'ir^, rT&ei^i itfaddal 


pray! ^H 


^H ibriq (!^il) 


.if^yjar 


UqSld 


ifU. b9 Mofed ^^H 


^H ibdq bptA' 


ie(i-p(f£ 


khud 


take ^H 


^^1 inh shjly 




tiva 


rfiey iteni vp ^^K 


^^M diiL'lr^ (:f9; 


ahf}]' 


safrU 


ihct/ tritvHUd ^^^k 


^H aiHr (IS) 


hf'ftteud 


^ishbikQ 


tltey erttait^te ^^H 


^^1 u^^mda(2l^) 


n^rjitt 


d'k (t'k) 1 


ittn/f outf It^' ^^1 


^H ku1.ib[]1) 


i-ierfc 


r/vire off ^^H 


^H daEtar(:,>M) 


M'jcTj iBTiting- me'ttthehiEih 


tiestxifi^ ^^H 


^^H 


hook mifltini', Jnit 


- forged ^^^^^t 


^H tirU(l) 


taui^l 


t^^m^ 


^^^^^M 


^H gfttdnl (28) 


hiiekft 


gibt 


^^^^^M 


^H ti^Ti (39} 


snake 


yimia 


Vicyfdi ^^^H 


^H ^r^ (39) 


<0ckrockehot 


bS'a 


they 6oid ^^^M 


^^1 miibundiz 


enffiTteer 


lfl4ll 


they foufid ^^^^H 


^M waoi) 


'ffyr/crnan 


^aUaq 


/knny ftp ^^^^^M 


^H eh&iik&J(2g) 


hrtiik 


band 


fJisy ^^^^^M 


^H ehakSta 


jntkH 


iftdj 


open ^^H 


^^H rubbawl (or 


European 


yit^'iiED 


fftey go Mp ^^^^^1 


^^H umbbawl) 




iqfil 


#/iur ^^^H 


^H -aakiirl (38) 


voidier 


ga, pim 


iheij etnn& ^^^^^| 


^^M mualim 


i\fTUjiitlwan 


htttt^t? 


did fjQu put ! ^^H 


^^H malj&n 


/nil. foaif&i 


biJad b&rrj 


ahTKod ^^H 


^^H m&fikiln 


inhaiAteii, 


if »abh 


thvt morning ^^H 


^^H 


hftunted ketir 


much,/(fO much ^^H 


^^H me'ftllui 


Jr^^wjinitt hwig Ittshqu ' 


tmt Ifiiity, at'' ^^H 


^^H 


up 




of/ier thin-j ^^H 


^H *mm (5) 


brttad 


miu gh6r 


tpitfiout ^^H 


H 


EXERCISE 19 


^H 


^^B n bnjAbr^ har&bf; tuin id dardwiah. 11 Lan&^tr baW i\ bAshA- ^^| 


^^V uut kh^bii^u E dak&kir ia ^ubbnt vo k^Laikru nifji 


ifbum wa fibwd' ^^H 


^^1 nis-bum- LiUiB 


ima ulQ^U w^- sim'u 1 mji^ruik fi 1 ganJlyiTi. Ffh ^^H 


^H Tiirkittb, ^^^M 


^^^^^^^^^^^^m 









88 



THE aPOKEX ARABIC OF EaVPT 



t7ftmw£^'St fi fihSri^id dawilwln wg Ei knU is ahe^'Lri il kabRrb^tH' 
Mftgr, ii auj-flg Ixitll* il khol buahcj* -wi I bar^di' Ifctfl* il himir 
b&ahqa, laBUfra^j&ilU yiAbt^haJii £ bjl^t ir rubb^niyiu muiiiuiD 
bombra u minhum diinrL^fln, m uiiiiiiura ^biin^r 11 miDhum tJimibU. 
II mftnJvbjja wiq'uiD min iJ mar,~Lkib we ghu^iim li ] bahr I] 
lijLramiyiL ^araqil burad wi biima wt^ ^ lii'vlfb mm d'kwflJib ^Lr£jihuin. 
leLlirJDua t^ibt mna^l^ dagiitu' cuiu 'imd id dBkhakbiiija. Le- 
ft^ndiyiib il mu^ltmin jilbiriu |ai\^>iiBh, wi n TinfArA micihiun yilbkQ 
^oTkblsbj w© minbum yiJbiaii IjarflcS^ Shiifte nfis. ms^arwa fi 
biftd barra liibaln borinl^ aflii ^uwil, Jah fllmwak wi 1 lOA'iliq 
wi a sakakin mith^O^tu 'ab eufm i itT/iddjil uq'ud. F^ji U tunfitih 
betfl' ibwab il balalcjJinAt? Khnd kumm'irtbiU wp rjawiLdim we 
l&lla* il TDi^mlr miu iz tsiuibil It taru^pua batQ' U lukjiTjdit wi 
1 kbamimtr ja-'rafu ^arabi wi ngllri wi frunsfiwl w^ lagbwil toDjtn 
kuuf iiti ]J9 sdjUim betQ' bitoa 'ulytu, 3buft« niiid 'urgemoAflkla 
moahytnbi 1 'akAklz. MisikmAfrftn (&'&n)fi 1 ma^ilyid. Itb&l&niEft 
iDabefL^ln min il m&d&ria wi L rndLUirrLm. Qani^il Fnhosft wi 1 
cainkof ^oiiC 3 bab^ wohid. 11 'a$ai1r me'oahBbiabla fi nh ahiunJial 
belQ^ febab^bikoa. Ftb galAeil me^allaqlu min r&qabfyit quUitua. 
Ie dfarlyii k&nit^ okwos ni*" gh^r il ^jurArik. 



EXERCISE 20 

Beware of the ffuriB? They (are) loaded. The lettnra rame 
hy tlie Froncb boat and the newspapers by tbe IlaJiart I oaw 
(ftonto) Hcratchea cn^ jocr fin^era, Yee, they (ari3) from tbe 
nails in^ the lids of the bojEea wbicb came tbie mormng. The 
framea of yuor pi'jtiirefi are very p'etty^ but too large. The 
bouae ig Iimint«4 by spirite.* Put tho mattreflBM ofl ^ tba b«d- 
stcuds, The carpeU !□ * tie upsUirs rooms arc longer nnd wider 
thou tlie (oFLts ic' the dining-room. The cockroaches come out 
of holes r»Tid cmckfl. I brought the ciips from England, but 
boit^'ht the iHi|Kit and the troya in the ehops in the^ baiaora 
Thn Koinein III! tlio jarB from the oaooJa and cury them on'' 
tbrir huHuh Ut the villngeft Tha young mmi ra.L»* the vtiivi 
fi'om tlie wells in bnirket*. TJie dorkej-boya Bold aime unirhhe 
to tho tourists ill Uppur Epypt, Imt tb^y were «!!■ forj^^d. The 
CUMtiimri-utBct^'iL eei^i^ tbts Loxea, opirEied Ultiiil, (knd) founij tbcm 
fall (of> anakofl. The public otliceK ai'e cluftui tt^Jiij. Th( 



1 WimJd h^ > G. 

* Tr«ii8. hp (min) IA« tjnriU. 



* Ttiauo. whi^ {art) t* 

* 'ak. 

> kvlldhuiQ- 



THE KUMEHALS 



6^ 



liroo^ht kddtt-h and went up on ^ tLe roof. The onirinofra hbre 
biiilt bridgoH over' the Ittf^tf ouutls. The wtAkoitin wem' liirgti 
wide bote DTMuviount-of ^ the snii. The Soucl7iTieM>° Holflifirb &re 
v^try hmv«. Open alJ the wtndoTH vxd doee tho sliuttera. Did 
JOU put the stiiika am\ the umWellnfl in tbc' train? Hat\g ttiQ 
ovarooai? tm the 1io*jk», and put the jackeliSt w^tCLULri:^ and 
tiYjiiBerH in the cii|ibcHrr1a. 



THE NUMERALS 
g 93. The OLrdtnAl nnmbers froTn 1 to 10 era ^ 



7. ub'A, sabft* 

8. t&mATLj& (for buqiDlja), 

tOUULU 

». tis'a. t.isa' 
13, *aflh&ra, 'oshBr 



I. ivftMd {f . wahda) 

3, tAlatu/ tAkt 

4. arba'ft, arha' 
5v khoman, khamo* 
6> sitta, eiu 

^ 93. No very definite rulf^s can he laid dcwD for the nee of 
thm two forma frnm 3 to !0, bat the following reiuartft will help 
thp epeoktir to muk^f u carvoat choicij. 
(a) Tot^tfi, atWo, iShx, &re ua«il: — 

]. WhetL Hl^nnilin^ lUoae, m hommii tulilta, 'autln 
tanunyar or ^xpres^ig the dn^ of the mrmLhi as taJrlEn 
miyu dnj J/ay. 

i. Geneiivlly fipeatixA^» witlt nfnins denoting liuoi&ii 
beiiig^ iiule^vi tlia (ikuTuI HnUr^ in -fi/, as uUbtji ri^^'^, 
sob^A mJidr^htu, tAtnunyci ii!i&, tia^n khuri, thu noun in 
tbifl (^aa1^ hi-iiL^ in ronlitj' in j([>[>odtion t,o tbo numeral 
or th<* ffoid per^'m/i ktndemtutxl. We bear, bowevei', such 
eiprt^Hf4i<ini4 as Ijilat nUvvAn 'jLgJiyii, thuugk tiiUtK is 
preferbhle, 

^. With m^mcfi^lUblfls, ofl taJit& kb&l (here §:enenkllj 
praEiouDovl tdlStftV 

4. U ju».l] J with roZJiHTtire noun». as tflJfttii harTm, gdmQa, 
naml. 

G. With pieces of inonej. wtten uae<I in tjid eii^fulv 
^ !}50)r as UIhIa (ur (niata) /ran^t khujiisE giucb ^5, 
arbi*u rivAl (hut urliu* rijiililt). 

6. Ueritii^ly 4ith wordg b^Lori^ing mars properlif to tlie 



f6q. 



' Sometuoee Ubte, if folloved b> & qo^ul 



w 



TEE SPOKExV ARABIC OF EQYFT 



nriuen than the Hpoken language, v4 tolutu kutnb nxuX 
eten t&l£ta ihmiuL threv hor^t (in apite of the towpI).' 

7, When the aumejul is emphatic; thus we mi^ht »j 

bat II tbJat karAdl, ^.m), on repeating tlie ord^r, t^itA 

knrasL 

(£) TtbUt (oad taUlt),^ S&t.^ are uaed tn eJI otiier caaea iii 

preferejtce to talitA, Jtc, axid in pm-bicuUr witb pEutuIa iu 'Ot^ M 

t^liiE. )ifLrtDijlt, tAiiiJiTi kitilbllt, tiilnti ^uhOu. 

§ '^4, WlioTi followed bj u noua beginning with & vowel, thv 
second form, tiiltLt, ^, tLppears oa follows : — 



3. CoLitt 

4. arha't (oparbulkt) 

5. khanuist 

6. Hitt 

Eiample ;— 



7. «aba'tfm wvbatlt) 

8. fjunfLDt 

9. tiua (01- tiAaht) 
10. "Ashart 



iinfns 



«fi;U j«rvi?M 



Hr.u.\uK ci. — TaLatT in^. tkre occaaioaa.U)\ when Uit> liiml 
^llihble <:if the eioud i« Jiccenled, heard before & rowel, tVA toUTi 
luffltz. ' kbskOiiLii iLT-^iilbb ji^ ardMt, u« uJbo (tboa,^h still more 
rpii-plyj rbn iin4<outr&ftf)d fomu tAl&dt, khfiniHit, tanuuijit (far 
(akti, khomost, tamftDt). 

UcuA^riK /'. — Willi Hi» witon used JiaanumerfUf fullowa itououu, 
wbllu it precvdi^d it when jjjujlng bbo port of an hid&llaitie 

§ 95. Tho Garditial nombera Irom II to 1% whatever tlieir 
position^ Are aa follows : — 



(AiltthUs^ 



1€. atttilshar 
1T> hnba't^Uliv 
bar) 

18. tarujuit4abftr 

19, tiu't^tiar (tififtl^tiA 



11. ^i«hAr(oritdfr4htf)« 

12. ib^lUltAT 

13. lalattophnr 

14. iu-bfktiUliru- (or Jbrbftli' 

tasha-i) 

15. kEtumiL&iftiihiLr 

Kkuakb. — It will h*} jb^^rv^ tbo-t th« abiwe ore ouinpoHocV 
of 'anh&r ten &ad the u&il«, buL the tmmei- haa dropped itx * lUid 
IcDgtbciinl til*- a of the firnt ftjllftble bj wu^.v of ainipcnBution. 
ThN UTufJt nf likddAhar aiid ittiAihnr appi^iir aIm) in il tmitaUad 
lorm^ Note tbdt the d of wahid b«oomeff (fKCcrding m.% iMUt to 
tbe ueUAl pronuDoia^en) ^ tti bidI»hAr (§ L7), 



1 Se» below. 



Or l^tdMlMT, ilid^bit- (sm- j 13). 



THE NUMERALS 



91 



% 96. The curdlna.lE from 20 to 09 vd ;— 



2a ^ishrln 

21. niLhid ii(oi' vdtwi)'iahrln 

^'2t itu^a u „ ,, ^iahxJa 

29- ^'A n f, „ 'isbrin 

30. t&]fit1n 



10. fcrb^'Ini 
bO. kbamdn 
6Q. oitttu 

80, t^imilntti 

90, tia'lfiCtis'ra)' 



EfiUMtK. — The unit iuvtuiftbiy procedos 
IcbuOM u taUt^ri/re and thirtfi, DUt tol&biu 
g 97- 11ie rvmaiiiin^ at^ ha follow!): — 



the tan i ibus KG si^y 



100. Dt\y^ fin cotiatructioD 

101. mSjtt Tj viUiid 

102. mWn vvi Liifii 

121. mivu vnUiid u 'ielirid 

199. m1\A tih'A 11 t.U'ln 

300. rDijt*m(tnlt*in) 

;»00, Ltilltialya 

400. nib'enilya 

son. kbumseinijA 

IkOU. fivitiemiy^ 

700, flab^cmiyn 

300, lumueti]t)u 

S<XJ. f,us'eux1y& 

1000- all 

1001- itlf >i ^^-Aliid 

T021. aif, waLiIii li 'klu'lrk 

13Uh ftlf. taluinlj'^i vv iirbiih- 
Uthnnr 



2000, 
3000. 
lOOO. 

6000. 

aooo. 

7000. 
8000. 

&OO0. 

10.000. 

11.000. 
jrw.ooo. 

1,000,000- 
2.000,000. 

3,000,000, 



alFeii 

LoiiLtt &!if 

arbaht ftlilf (nrba^f 

uW] 
khfinuL^t ilof 
sitl. ^Af 
*iRbiil.t lli£ {sabik-L 

filiif) 
tiuuu-nt Aldf 
tiEobt dlif (tisft't 

fllkf) 
'a^luitt rilAI 
biiJa-sboi' iklf 
niltidf 

malyOnC'U (or itolii 

mill yQii) 
tAl&t mnljlylik 



f>.*H*'\t*lT kbamnH niAUylu, mijt(irt dtt& w «.rb£1n alf, tum- 
ci^EXiIya u ^babtA?bflr. 

Ukhabk a.^Wlieo uW nith the teua, w^Uiiil dws mt tuki> 
thf> feminhip fiir-niH its valjil u 'Lihrln miun. With tlu^ tiuit'liwli 
it nuiy, but sotnttiat^a i-eiajuik^ uii^ha(igud> 

HuiARS h. — The coujuTJCtJoQ lire, u, ifl tilways sioplojc'l Uj 
cuiJiiis;t t\i** [udis iiiid tlit- Uius, uml gi?jii<tull,v lIil* lIjou^iuIa 
ftDd bundr^l^) but oth^rwlAe U baini oiilj bt^'jiti Ibv la^t 



Foi^ the pKmanci&tiou of lh«M worda, 4oo Jg 39 £ tuA $. 



92 



THE SPOKEN AltABIC OF EGYPT 



ICeuade e, — The cardin(kls from 3 to 10 inolueivo raiiet (with 
& frv excpptlona) be foUov^ b^ u noun m tb? i^lLtml. tbe i-^ 

Kemauk -J. — Wahi'! (with FemicinG W[iJidn)tB nftat) usi?«4lwitb 
the DninerEila abiii'4> 10, rkud ouDudiotiiilLy witL t-lii? unit»T to om- 
phflsue tbtj aumber, a^ k'm fib kam rA^'il ? nU wfLbiil ftcjw many 
7fM7j *ffiiv there? a tUottsifid ! With numbers HnHi*r 11, iU» tma^ 
plur. wahd^t mast h& um&A. whntei^er tbe ^endoi* of the noun 
uoderabfuid, there binng no other plural form of tbe unit- V^'a^y 
ditfiu Qf itnilu ^aliiiVt cannrrt be said. 

REHAhH ''-^The niucHralB from 200 to 900 (with the Hxeop- 
tiOQ of fiOQ) life Formed hy the uoiou of the frnctinrm.!, niiml»^ 
with mIyEk, wh^n abaadin^ aJone, %iid with its coostmct for'in mtt 
wbeti followed hy a. noun, wb^er b^iauLng wilh a vowi^l ur 
A coruwD&nt. 

Reuabk /, — WbctQ a unit forma poit of 4 ikumhor abnvo 99^ 
tbe noan, if exprooaod, ia [r^iiGrallj plowed bi^twoen thi^ Infger 
ijumbm- and the unit; or whea thi> uuib in fuo tht> dunl of tJiA 
rioon mny ho vubatitiit^d for it, as mit kit^b u wAbii JOJ lixJte, 
m!t Idt&b wi tain {of mit kit;ib wc kitiib'jQ) JOj^ botil.-f^. If the 
whole number pr«<ceden, the noun \b uhu^Uj iii th« {>]ui;l1. baiii^ 
ioiliiflTic^l by th<) unit ininiedmtely bi-foi'e it* ait mlyu ii khrunmi 
kitnbfLt. MUfi. u kb^mttii kitilj i^ nrlmuixible^ but shjvtqily. 
MTva u Wahid kitSInt ta ocfusioiudlT bo?U'd fi>i' miya u wihid 
Idtib. 

Kev&rh g. — The Following exprefisiunEi rLouH ba nnt«r1 : 
itofin lalitaftmor^^^rft' .VitivK^ii taUta /t«> tn- ttirt-r U'Ua ^ *jwhiir 
itufiahar IdtAb : ihnOi litnon WA of ru, bummii t tol^Ui't/^'Jirrv^ 

g D8. The ordinal nuniberA from Srst t^ tontb are : — 



Ifitp auvil, auwil&tit (F, 

(i]a.^ auwilAafyu) 
3ud, tint (f. Uitiyi) 
.Irci. TAlitjf falu) 
4tb. r-iLbi' 0- i^h'u) 



Cth. AAtitff. «»ebi)> 

7tli. m'ibi^ (f, sab*4) 

Sth. i.lmin (f- lAJiiiufc) 

!tth. r,!Ui* (f- tnfl-Fi) 

Utb. ^&fibjr (f . 'it^bnO 



6tb' khuuU (F. khikiijan) 

S 9^L Thv ivniFkiiiuk^ orriinaltt ajs^id^iidi^l tvlth tbp oifdinKlii, 
Ki ir mgil U titUihiu- tha J6fU mnn^ 

^ Ulft Mvuurtf uf noAv^, w«J, Vi an ndjective* U rnroly hrtarf. 
It [Biisttl, ^p* lAAUitbtf tegular f«tci,anwUa, of thtffirat pnyorai 

»00(i on VVi'Ln^p 



THE NUMERALS 



03 



1 100. "I'he oMinflle Maw 10, oicopt the fomi ouwilinl, may 
stttXAtl Uafoft Ik noun def:pibi' in seuao without mrviD^f Uieir 
gBiidw, n*^if.Ktfr Tjikiiig th** ftrticlk.' ; or noon aiaX ordiiuil mnyflgroe 
in g4ji]ilti', ^lle^J^<liLnl followjni; tbs noon, unl Viotb tflkiii^ the 
Hrtirlfii ofl Ulit I'lHCil, T^it maj'Ai or ir lii^il it talit. U majft t 
\i\}tn the 3i-'t iiiiiii, fh*: 'Jnl ivtjiitaji. The foonivr icyustrut'tioci Lfl 
ihe mors if^ioTniLtif- TAnl yOm sigDifles fAe n&ji^ datj or fA^ /fn^ 
/otUnriTiff, jift i^ni jt^tn U *id ike day fiAlotcing the jctftiva/ of the 
2iid dan ^'f '^'' Jc-etira^^ LaU is espreasod by the word bkhiTt 
iv>iicb may aX^o precipe bhe Qoun, or by &khiiiiEii, nhicb fol- 
ic] v a it, 

^101. Tbo Turkiab ordinals b^m 1 to 9 ikrc aJeo in uee, but 
tbry ar? almost entirely restricted to mililAi'y matters. Tbey 
lire 118 foUowa : — 



Ib^h biriogl 

Sua. ikiiigi 

5H, utAhirigl* 
4lh> durtiiigt 
6th. be&hiugt 



6th. pJHngt 
7th. yt^iiigt 
8ih- spkiiingt 
9th. dokuj&ifigl 



\ 102. Tbe IialtsJi vorda bCrimu, tukuudu (or «uguudu), 
Uirlhi ore uspd for ff/, 2nd and Jrv£ daM on the nLilwiL)'[t, 

^ 1'J3. Tbe nijuiL^nJ adverbs (Tnc'f, f i£^, ^^.^ ue expreeeed 
ULOHtly by bh? help of thhi word uajta tmie, ^ imurft wd.hJiit 
mAir^ttin, tAkt mjuTiir, ^^^t., or by thi4 ua« of ft v«'bal noun of the 
suae signification. And gani^rully of ths sBine root, st an accom- 
p4&ylng verb, aa d&r&bta ilarbiton, talr^b darbat / Ht^ck him 
finfT, thnre. (See J OS^ f/,) 

Keuahk. — Notire the eiprBBSione donibtu auwil marra wi t 
tufiViL oriee and Oi^am. daxabtu morrateD vi taluta ; kuUv yiJm vi t 
t&nJt »t kuJla yOm'^n or kulle tanl yom rv^ry other ifa/f, anwU b 
hUwUtJtvl ft/ till; fiuwLl wuhid ^ 1 : t41ithuDt oi' it tiUtt TtbOni (or 
TiiliihiLni) //if rlirttt tme ft/ Th^u ; itn^n fi tAlit:L /rrrr^ fftroe ; ilnrah 
tabltii f lU'lm*" /rv muitiplif three by/timr. 

% 104, ^hdtipliaitive Oidrorbs ai'? rendered by the vnrd \nt\ 
(aid with bbf uitLcli^ f'vllowT.^ by tht} canliiikit nuint<rEJA, an 
lliinn gbiLtii ^annl it ^iq iliioii, il (ui( talflt* /<c « /uttv, thv^ 
tirnMiy tu riif* Ofi i VII, Ccyi ( \i*{ lU'bft'a 'Ml q*Ul» O^ttiff /oitr 



1 Ttu-Ich utcbutijui 

^ 8iikuiidu in also ams\ of vti uuder Aorraut. 



H 



THE SPOKEN AltABIC OF EGYPT 



J 105. 'FhH fiilliiwjE]^ maltJiilLcativB adJectiveH are in csti: — 

(lllHUJDtiil) 

icetJisHfl.* nin&Jvld 



^ lOG. Diabributive adjcctivca axti oxpr«£aed by the cariliruj 
jiumemlav tLc foUowa: — 



mufrM 


fiHffiSt Hjnpl^- 


mi^rwia. 


tttfo-fold. 


IJlOEAimt 


doMe 


mi.^uliit 


three'/M, aufie 


Eli'^nLbblL' 


joiir-joid. 




i^iuirc 


mekbiimmia 


fic^fvid 


mesattit 


vi/^/dd 


(mf^BtLddlfl] 





wHbifJ waJiid tmc bf/ one 

vvabiJ bji'da one after the 
v^iid otfter 



or we may wpeut tho noun, as ^ — 



Blttu AifctdH f*^ 4U«, 






eiep hif step 



kitib 
kititi 



one miin» io 



or tbe noUoD is gBtlArM ttitliDUt uuv repetition, &8 mdl i« 
SiUMiiu siUuuUiL Af 'cintc dotpinftaim ttuo depe at a 'tW. 

RksuhK-— 'Wulnitt Wftlida. la ub«l adverbially in the aetuie of 
Aotpiy, nmttuwt \/, wahda keil« u vjibdA k»le = /j/t// nmf Jutl/. 
I'Qiu ifl un«i of tbin^'S that of^ uoH in Foutb, an ^LsLi'lti ((hit 

teore i^jmu/rB* ( = riyJil), ' 

I 107- Numenil iu]jwtiv<v< of the form burjikt* exprcuv the 
uumlici- of fduiid of wliicb tho £ubetantivk> with whicb thoy a^C^ 
i» coTopoaetl, iLS niuglja duljuii, khuajibai an otArmbi^ c^mpond of 



' Tbe forma meedtn'. Stc, &ro Ufled luoetty iu tliL* uima^ d 
pTMMmed of *n\ii, i^Ct &s dik me'^rfbAT <i njdt icith ten diiata. In 
othflTfWM* aUi, umnt. Ac,, nm itwrtl wjth the cwrduuilj iis Hmni 

" For f'oi ft pfii'r, floo S flJ3, 

' TliHH* wurd* bolun^' to tlio Clviucvry l&ngiu^jc, Kiid piTUi&pn 



THE NUMERALS 



96 



{ 108. Thit froftioDfl iuv aa (oUovs: — 

1 tilt ^ auU^ ^ tQB' 

I rub* i sub* ^"„ -uihr 

^ m^K Those Ipssi tluiTi ,'^j ure wtpressed hv pc>iH]>hti)a«fi, as 
il pLu' il 'ir^bi-Iik luinnu ihc SiOi/t pari of it. E\xt^ il 'iifihr (ui' 'uehi^ 
!£ aut?) K^,^ Li:ttu iiiin W&ttQ ^Vt gu^^vn ram ibtl^Jibju^ ^, 
tAfliaQLinhiir niia sub^n u Bah't'ii IS jiartfi nrtf o/ 77 (J?)- Afmut 
-iO tiT ^0 fni'i 19 oypri'iiitwii by ^ishrlu wi ItsQr (wi Ituflilrl 

Resuuk a.— Tht- plural of the £nwtione from ^ to ^ ia 
fiN'med after modeJ (11). 

RwtiBK h. — Tlii^ noun in Aiulb oomt* uinHtlj' between thfl 
whole tmnil^PT j»Q>l \ha fraction, bs kbataiut irgbifn n nu^? (rarel}i 
khumtuit VI iiXi^ \tg,\i\Xa) ihroe Ujarcrt aii'f a haif. 

g no. Tbe following pxjiiDpl«a, witb those ^veD in the 
•iiercifo^. vi\\\ illu^UiiLi^ thu vajiuiis wayti of ejipreHfliii^ tbe tune 
of day, tbti y*AiX, the daya of llio mmitb and W9«k, auJ tbp age 
of a porson ; — 



id dulir 


TOOfl 


iBNLimdlAlf 


the prff9ffU 


i(abl, bn^d, 


^>M., /*.<•/. 


w tultemljrt 


S^ear. Arabtc 


](] duhr 




a kbumoji- 


rtyU;i4l$16 


no;? l1 I^ 


i/iHinifj/i/ 


tilebar 




kfim is sfi'ii ? 


f cAof time u it f 


'OTQibf , or is 




^fuT ic «£'a 




8an&dl 




kim?) 




'oi&bl (or 




msA'n 


it %s one, iTDQ, 


'anibiya) alf 




wahdft, 


€fftoek 


11 ttdtamlya 




itniit 




u kh&mjLo- 




t^'IOaliB 


rumt nl tight 


ludhor 




fti'u ULmdTiyn 


fi'r/i/dc 


afr&ng] (or 


A,D^ 


^Lrbu*a ti nib' 


«j i/uarftFT jHut 


afrtLtiglja) 






/our 


or lolliMil 




(4k]flld 11 tilt 


-5,20 


(m1]idl5») 




khiuiiJUL t] nii^ 


hoJ/paxt^tie 


li H&n^t ttlf 


ii» tiie ^/tntr 


E«b'ii u 


five mirjuAM 




lOOO 


khoiatth 


j'iui. {c,^ffi?tm 


in ikJwj dft 


it u the Udth 


ilia khaomu 




khamAU we 


i'f thti m-fiiJh 


'nnhurn iILl 


ttPeray mimitea 


■jHlirlii fi 


iu^Ia^f 


tut 


io ten 


aU ihiiiu'f Qi' 




till*!! \l tLLl^g 


7.IJ7, 7.SS 


itiL Hhuiit' 




ill'i, i^ tnljttu 




kbmiita WD 




'LiTftbil (nr 


it ^ru.tkniv£ 


'ibhrlii itt 




<bu|qit) to^& 




QsliHr da 





^ Tht? liWiiirv Audd id aojuvtimoH htiu>J- 





^H 96 THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EOVPT ^^^H 


^^H nowil, the lid, the Sih 


\m il khazota l^«rf»fis^ay ^H 


^^H kham?4 of January 


^H 


^^H 


*amrak kAm (or Af^u otti an ^^^^^t 


^^H hAiu li ^li ahahr irhat'/i ffi^ dmj 


kmn MLFui) ? you f ^^^^H 


^^H Li luUku du of Om nionUi 


■limrl 'UhHu / am taent^^^^^^^ 


^^H tariff 


ibno kiamm, n hoj o/fitXt "^^^^1 


^^H nnMr (orjAm) Monday 


ttJAtta »uin u/ ^^1 


^^H Utn^a, or 


/A«r^ ^H 


^^^ eimplj Uttkfn 


^^1 


^^H Kkuaiek. — Thd Mohammedan lunAr diantba h&ve boao aupm- ^^H 


^^H 6edi?d by thti Latin ui GovocDinoiit olUcce, tbouj^b the latter axi> ^^H 


^^H onl> f^tniljjj tu bhoflQ who ttre ui contact ivilb EuropeauA. Tbe ^^H 


^^H Coptic Ara univerHiiUy knawn, but tbey aru ii^riuultuml monthSt ^^H 


^^^ it&d not !□ gon<?i-ul uAe- ^^| 


^^^P VOOABULAR7 ^| 


^ iijjTr* (2) p<^i, fi'i>r 


mtbrlr il ThuTtda>/ ^^H 


^^H biili^ fioiiri' 


kliamta ^^H 


^^H nikfiLV (14) fierKH 


nab&r ig Fridatf ^^H 


^^M bllAi) ifib f^rta 


?vim'& ^H 


^H ShAiu 


nith^i8Babt Sainrdai/ ^^H 


^^H ^iirlqiL Jire 


jaalyir Jfinuexry ^^H 


^H ahahi-(13) rrumih 


fibHljLr I'tbruaitj ^^H 


^^H vjc 


taiuu Miirdi ^^^^^^ 


^^H nhakk ^ ch«qm 


^^^H 


^^H fnilila •t/twr 


tnJlyu J/ay ^^^^^^ 


^^1 dLqIqu (IS) rninK^tf 


ynriyu Vur^c ^^^| 


^^H f&la cirarrr'rj^-rorjf» 


J' ul VK July ^^^^^H 


^^H lafF (7) ro'i\ Une, fth 


a;^}u)^;iia Jvj^/uM ^^^^H 


^^B iiAhAr (or £ufufay 


Bib lira ftiLT Sept«ntt^ ^^^^H 


^H ^din) il 


nktubor OcM^ ^^H 


^B hivlii' 


□ufnniluu' NoPfm^RT ^^H 


^^H nftliar it Tnatdajf 


dLU^nibor JMc^^ibet ^^^| 


^^K 


l^m'u HW^' ^^H 


^^^^^^ itjkhjlr it W'adnifadatf 


mUtftqiub li nj'j'roitrfit'np, ^^H 


^^^K uhn* (or 


rf^tr ^^' ^^^1 


^^^V Urhii*) 


X&hhd 'ala fhfij/tJf ttjum ^^H 


^^B 1 Tho Arube owudder tlmt tb» night bclongi to tho (ollowizitf ^^| 


■ dEJ. 1 


^H <8m{1I>. ^h 


^^H * NaliAi ftuil yc^iu nuky Iw ntxiEt;^ In ivwh aau. Tfun U ^^H 


^^H ooiv goQunUlj uavit b; tlioau who wkL to tp«bk " ocrrMrU j'/' ^^H 



THE NUMEEALS 



n 




1)A^1 


haj/j/mud 


qujiUTD 'nU 


'<« dimited hy 


muuwitfi 


they kiUed 


lalla% ijftl*-. 


he d«iiue(e/I 


yi*rif 


Ad tpctuU 


UtaiuU 


/r>ym 


yerabd 


thejf po 


min 




yiBullinid 


ilIi ffwy ifrf^ 


i]ilm 


ht 'fi'** 


kuLkt 


^«S if^ nt/trt* 


'aiiiUJ^uwit 


/oj^ _V''3'" 


J tcai$^ yiAi 'f^f" 


Jub 


ft/ him^ fiK }iJU 


rn^t 


I. frtw, amnl (Ai) 


Triiuiiliu 


ciiritylff'-^ I'j-^ 


tibq»(r) 


reinAint^ l>$' 




ti^tiy. just 




comes, ma/iea 


M 


thu (L) 


fit 


hr pamxi 


U.iiiA 


MW 


FAtit 


nfie p&nsd 


uiiwiM|ti 


fVlfC 


f&tuin 


th^ JHUS^I 


■Ult? 


Vtl Kh t 


wafit,taiiM 


tit ii{l,)comfkUd 


ghftlibun 


fiTofnilAif, it^m^ 


ti^iAv^ 


«Jit, it, na/Ght9, 




riUljf 




r/iTii&i np io 


Im'iI 


txitir 


rm 


Ai« ffQ*H U^i, 


hhi'd ill rliihi 


P.M, 




rvai'het 


■andl " 


w%tli MC^ /haut 


mM 


tU^*j t/iW 


'Aiid^ 


bnV/i •j'la, j^u 


rigi' 


hf rtlurjitfd 




hare 


^ilW(U*l 


he foas ffUf^a 


gliT 


tfihai f 


mVm 


fie tlfipt^ mnl 


Imuina 


when 




toM 


>fj 


UIk, aifOiU 



EXERCISE 21 

11 Fu'hIa 'jmihi tfant tuluU iyHni, AbGj^a ^h iiuhLr U 

WH kbhiim^'t. ibHt^ vj Jiil.U'^hjci' 1b(^^ii[v& iiiiu bet j^LDiniiji. 11 

U<*' ifiniul u njb'onitt hu^/tii u wAliiii mm biCud isb i^liAttj, Plh 
kani livrWi'I fl hlflltik E KluiUJiuiiAUf, mijten h ^sharu UimtUn 
Vlfj-if kullv Miiiu liyAcLu '4ku iilfen u khuTnfiemtt g^iiuh, AuwB 
y^ il *ld ycrCiJiu 1 mu^liniiu wv yL-«Uimu 'aldi rk^liabhuiu, 
KukU {\ kjUbd( mill aatJl u Fwbi' ntfT vi'e kliiilli Hi B 1 
kliAniiH v\ r tnbiv In nrtli;*! fin ndljid u tittfitln G hL Hlmbr. 
UrmI l^MiclqH kl;iiH t lAim\nj-a fi ruuiat bIF U tiitt«nlykL idtt« 
ti i^iltlriH 111 H>iHiL dl atf ii tuiuDemlja li->'ih ti tia'^'ii flfnitigl. 
GAc min billid tj4t[-& G K^lit Ul-'kUi Aibtitijbjvr- Itiiui dilwftijti fi 
kliAifjiuil^uir iiklilbii^r Jl ijuntti' ypqflin nib'tt sii*ii bii'dtt uu^ 

^ $36. 



THE SPOKEN AKABIC OF fiGTPT 



flW Umum W^l hi atibr; tail;^. ^Mmt i1 ^iM. ; f^ 

B«M boa vIkM w vfcHn mna. AbAjm rt^ kiblr ^^ fi « 

Ui rfnkk «a hat It mh^ oe ^aIiHd ^in^ Diiti il buck, iTm'a 
fft44ft w uWsik«if ^ tri 1 hwiyla vnbik TOt^t) q kbiunA^ mtif 

bi «lttbr, Bute lAfitt f aowil agbn^toa wklk H &khir >-tJja f 
Qmca *aAvk 'kbh kbama^ Q>t&* tioiuiUAhiir min sitt« u 
OttlfiV Iamii>% sifirt Atuk kkti k3i&niJi& S sh iJwhr^ Is tf'a klra 

Ul^tJn fUtiitt, Hlja thdj*al itna^faar. Tiilft* fi a smn t^ya 
kUimfdn niLA. 'umii ji^W 'LbLrtn tamim. liuw& mc^iA^rmb 



EXERCISE ai 

Tliffro AW 320 liooks on tte dhelved iu tbe drawio^'rogm. 
2417 men ntriif ItllletH in the tattle. Tlie ffiii«^m<trvhiiDi£* 
hcild lQ,l'iU boUl<>s in Urs ini^ntM Tbe t^urUu bougkt mora 
Lh>*n fiO'^O u^rp«la tn the boxnAra. Thttre «n 640 «L^p, 93 
LufUlo^A, 5 oown, nnil 3 ^oftto in tlw oadceuivsH Tb<!rr« »rv 29 
il^i^ri iij Fdlirujiry ihhi yoir. Thm-e nr« 112 muTitlm, 52 vi^skx, 
Qtjii 305 j d&ya iu tliu ^mt. Ei^IjI tinicm thu'ly are 240. 1 
canio tv b^yE^t in (ttie) b^fCJui^^i^K '' <^ HIlv^) ystj^ 1^87- Ht? leVt 
III thu ficurjiiil w»pk uf JaziUrLLV ft[Lil retniraed at' tbt lUtl' (if Uii> 
riitiiMi, My fuMiMi- U o]it»i Tphnn my UM>T,httr: Iw ii^ liftv^uc.^ 
TUii Ih^'k- iLTa^ thv vtixth ttn^t Miventh ou tbt^ f^'iiiiJi f;bolf. Jlo 
vru Ui'i tw4>nty Atht inivn in thii ^o. Deci-ut1>er rv the Uit 
uioiiLL Iff tL*i joU'. 1 h»r\<f ht^n ivu timtui in Vaiif^ tt4\*\ Hftvra ^* 
\n London, Wu n-tumed ^^ to Kgyfit on ttie 28th of ff ovNnhor, 



J Or fl 1 ^aWin. 

* /.*•, £i in half nOTern^ii; four kiitlt invffr*»i^in wciild b« 
«xlMlit ilitLl^ * Un4i«r«tiuifi fi ta*n. 

* auvtU, f fl. « AkbirJ 



THE PRONOUN 



99 



^Twelvfl from twenty-sii leavefl fourt«*n. Tlidro are more than 
four and m h»lf miUiou pooplo io ]>>ndo(i. IS is tt* quaj-iet of 
7S. Half ot twu ikiLil jk Lnlf i? duo utiU a (jtiartei-. It ' Hb) three 
o'clook- rie will r*iiiie ut ' n-3'J- It \Fivnts tlirep raiTnites to 
«ix. a-3H iM*- The hoy wn* "Uim twenty miuutee after mid- 
aigbt< Hu WL'iib t(i Wl ut- u i^VAj'tei' tu tciiftkad ^ot up At 
t^eDt>' UiicuUtt la niue. 



THE PRONOUN 
THE PEESOXAL PKONODKS 



gni. ThBseKj'fc:— 



S1HOU1.4B 



IbTi pera. anu 
2nd p«r8- iutUf etitA 



ma 
blyA 



PtCOAL won QOTQ (jENXEILfl 

lit pent, ihiui 
Snd pers- int^ (or intum) 
3r^ perji. humuiu, Ijulu 

S1]2> Huwu IB [som(<l]m«9 cvutrbcteij to M, h^, IiUt <x 1id 
i^htii pi«cedtHl by i1l« eoiijumtiozi wn. (lilw^t^s 8a proootmctxl in 
tLib i^oiilicctJuDfr tlie partiuUfr mn, dii, tlie prvpo?-itioQ ftn trh-ji-e I 
the inteTrogative pronoutjij mui, mmi» tliL- indopaiable inteiTOjfa- 
XWks pjLr^icIe ail, eif, adiI ibe mtt-ijeclicji.]* ha, a, a, Hit Ini^L of 
ili» Gr^ von«) ilep^niJ.^ on tht* vniplmsiH thixiwn od it. 8imilArly. 
hlyfi bcccjiues b1}'aj hi, ti^ (ociSk^onAlLy nl^ hri)^ vhilt* l^ummn U 
fhortencd Ut hum; thus wAttu ^^ and he ntifjej vaLi>u, ^vdhf, 

miJihuV v^/ii iff/^r ^ frnbu (id&o firiiu)? rthffrrifh'' t hb5 therif >tht it f 
R^tfAiEK a.— Ho i« Lt^^tl iLA iin fnterjei^iion^ without iliBthicUoB 

of frontier, iti UiQcocprottfiEJiia buuiliu! her^ yo^an^i k^ebi^! io^ 

bjuki 

RsHAUV i'. — Wit)i the iiegftlive partitlfls ouA JiniJ fcb, aun 

bM-onit>« nmiii*Lb ; huwa uiGi^)], inut.^, or tuish, nnd hlya mnhUb; 

but tbe fuller fotitiB trndiawofili or mahA^ nitd luikbi/qsh, 

DjabjAabAre al±o in u^e.* 

" kiu'a, ^ fie 811^1. " Wivii finphhtic. 

* Thi* l^mger form^ of fours^ gire mnre puph^ksU to tL« 



100 



THE SPOKEN AltABIC OF EGYPT 



pnraonal prononnR tak© the following farm^ : — . 







SiMODLAB 








IIABC> 




FE«. 


Irt 

ard 


pCTfl 


n? 

»k, k 




bI 




Plu«al for 


WVril OETlD&Ka 






1st itern. 
2iid per^. 
3Ki f lura. 


UA 

kQ, bum ■ 
hum 





S IH, it, ?"fr imd « a>^ vided wfter consnnftntn; it, H and A 



jiitriLbrl 


he tttitfit tne 


^T%\^VXi thi*i/dtm/*A- jf'tH 


Jftral^tiuk 


"y itirwir ihtv 


(|ilur.) 


jfiinlirik 


hn !tinu:k thtt^. 


iddilinl * jiitf it tv trv 




(U 


1D1L riiirAlt' trt' did not 


kluilhiki 


ka Ufl Iht^ 


EiuLrib ntriii^ hint 




it.) 


iD&danibiiJiJ^li Mry 'it'd ttot 


dunil i\\n 


tit tttrvt,- J^r 


iftrik** hitn 



twe^ii the vOTh itiid thi; sh of th? n^ga-tivp, ^a mti iWAltQ^h ht tii/i 
tKfl JrtA'^ hi-mJ Mb iljuubnAsli b o^caeioF^itlly Ii-^iulI fijr ibu 
ijai-iLtiiuih^fi, Ai^d uiA iUr«tii^ali for ula ditiTihahali'' 

g I Ell. The ri i>r u fi'iuiuiii^ iLdj^'tivt» or in&iliciplrf h ItfUgtJi* 

tionn aiiJ ('ther imlw liimblf* pnrt^ of rtnnrt?K m Uuru'vit^l fiiniift, 
which will bci \>*'^\ illuHtmtei.1 by n U'v tXiLitipioE-i ; it wJl bn 
i^bservinl th&t the i>rf<poaitia[m thoiitt««i]v<.'M fk>ai4^tim<'f undkT;«o ■ 
chiiiiige. 



^ KA And kirin iLr« iiiv«t itiitinnnlly in mirct ump*. Thn InttBT 
1^ bcPAvror, murtr '^oiliLnitud/' %tt U^iti^ Uiu only fgrxn lunrj in 

* Aij inhULnrr of Lwti nitPHiciv nttet'hvil U> th<« nuiiio vt«fk 

* Mu ilikTtohfihh mnv thus irifAii ■iirhi<r h* *ii'i ni'F f/n'Av Aim, 



THE PRONOUN 



101 



1, Bi by, fw/A, lo.-— 

tin UCLA R 

Im per*, bhrt, bl bka, bl by fM 

^ud purfi. iMik, Wit, blkJ hik, bik^, bikl ty fJi« 

3rd pw*^ lull, IjoL, ha bilia, blhu t^ A*m, fi^ 

Fl.|;ilAL FOR BOTH GenUBRS 

Ipit jkera, bin* 

Sud pore, bikiina, bikumi bukum 
3i^ j>ers. bihuDi) blhuia, buhum 

2. Uh.^— 





&i»uirL.&H 




MABC- 




IN. 


Ist jM-re. ll. Itya 




(i,lly» 


£!ii(l pt*rB, kk, lik 




lik. likf 


3M jierH. luh ' KiL, 


Id 


luJui, liW 



Ist pers. linn, laDu 
Slid pors. likuin, bikiim 
5ni |wt'M. luhiim 

RKMApi.^-Wheu fitftudiiijj iLloue, or with the negative te/ntA 
luituin fj/t, tiie iJnd pers. amg. ie gflnenUlj' bik, Itk fw iho 
mn*c„ and bi-kl (b1k1), likfi for tlif? fem. . bat buk. lak fi>r the 
luuK-. itud lik. Ilk ftn' thv feiUn wljen app^tide<l Ut ik vri-b m- 
»Uj*4r wurd. Kff. :— 



lik hA-iiF 
liktg.'^? 



h^i-f ijoH not a 
iiiM't ijou twi a 



idd& Itk 
m& Uk I 



jfi^ 



yva 



mutter tnth 
j/im f (m.) 



ntfk Ikinh^for 
iim liklfeh) 

BKH&nti, — ThE* foima bl^a nnd IIja ftr« n^nl wbori stAndin^ 
(ilone^ bl ruitl Jt wben uppoodod to other woMbi iA«[uditj|{ j(vn^ 

' TtiH Konuilp furm biku is irst^T Id tlie espreasioti ft'flrii bika 
mill t /iy to Thrv ((.fl, LifflH /V^r j*r"ftrtum jrofn. 

^ The A of bub, lub ie olwit^d di-oppod unloM bbtjy oiv m> 



m 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



jully the uegative p(irtlcl"9, itnd ociMfllounUy 
vawfti of In in li^Ti^h^iied with tbtt iip^Fitive v 
iiH ma liihH (or ma Ifteh) h*} hoa wf.^ ^Vith 
hrkve mo. IIaK oi (le^ nanallj) ma liy^ah. 
3. Ma\ mi^ ipi//j ;— 

SnCGCLAK 
KAfiC. 

1 St [>era. mi'1, ma'jlya ; D«g, ma mi'uih 
2nd pers. ma'ftk, ma'ak; neg. mii ma'jik^ti 



Viv tlieojfttilves. Th*i 
hfln t.lie^i IK (IrnpptH, 
the first |ierfiOD Wfl 



mn'flklsb 
inji-ahii.^niihh]i; n-^- 



1st p«rfi. dul'Atia, mi^iuhf Tnilma 
4. Ftin.^ 

Ifit pfint. f!ya; neg. ma fij&ab 
2ni pars, flk 



TEM. 

flkl 



Bghahe. — Fit often aJgniSoe oimplj' thtn U m wi^Tl (l» fA^fn 
M in rt, ULH fihfilt ffiBfeium't /and the A, hJu^m tliev "le unwl IiitliM 
wnj. i« nftsn drofrped, ^^qwcUII^ ia tbe nt^g&uve, Afl ma tUh 

SivauLAH 

MAHC. fDf. 

Slid. &uiuIikrlTt utijrr prLvpn^IiioE^H eii-liri^ in n voWftT ; but 
HMc thiit 'nln "ti r\\tiU)£i'^ rr Ut r. tinl* **T{ivUj *iil|lk, A'c. ft&d III 



1 Ma Ui(tA>i (fnr law llkQftli) ifl nUo mill, but tlie aburv Are Uw 
' Or, hv A^Miimiljiitum, tu/i ftj'DAli. 



THB PRONOUN 



103 



tbp third peril- tnn^, tc^ay, Hke ft, dn>p its h with the negative, 

iniikii»i; pia^iJAsii for loa^iOoli.ihJ Jiuwali-n a'--'>fffi gvacroMy 



IJiKOtTLUl 



MASC. 

let t>*^. minal 
5ad pm-a- minnok 
3rd pure, mtunn 



minnt 

ininoik 

mi»ha a-tiil (rnreiy) miuniha ' 



PlAJAAL TOR fiOTB GGyi>eitB 

1st jiM-n, minua (or minmna) 
lJn<1 pvrti. mmkQ, miukuiD iniri-ly mmnukCl) 
Sfi poi'd. miohum (nuely ailiiDuJiam) 

*An/rotn, tfian aimiJArlj pJoublts tU* n, tut has nu Juplictito 
roi-iiiA- 

^ t19> Othi*r {tt^podCinDs ending in a consoDftnt [irescDt no 
ijro^iLlftiitiefi, to ihnl a single oxamplo vill sxiSicQ : — 
'Auvi wiUi, at,-— 

Singula a 
lUGC. rat. 

Itud prjx'3. 'm)i]uk 'audik 

3rJ pQTH, ^unJii ('(Luiliih)'; n^g. ma. *ft^ndCi<iti 'andiha 

2iiil pers. 'AuJiiTcA (kum) 
3rd pprs 'iLEii'liilmiu 

FEemailk (?. — h is nora<etiiQea Le&nl i^t the qtiH of tKe 3ri 
pel*. ^Lii^., ^ud before ibe «/» of the npgatiist*. Note timl lh<* ft 
in \etif[ih^n***\ in t,bi^ n^giktivo fnrtii. 

g 120, The fluffixe* Eire npiiviiile-l to tha (ymjunittioiia inn 
that, uzAy^ it^^y A<?w** Inuw unfit, fttiJ a few otLi^rs. Witb tbo 
conjtincUotift they bave tUe mmiie foroiH as when jitUwhcd to ttr 

' In (iri>^iiiJ<'itLuit» enilins: i» a, bbe /^ mLouU btj coulntiiuint, 

=< NoviT mindabt u» Spittii. 

' ToJittU VTi'Ur h"n in Bi>U]t^liut(iH usi^l for vJjtii, tu Kioro em- 
phatic, so tnbtlW, &o. fi^uuiliLrLy quLlib l/e/un hnn, aud m fw 
Other*. 



104 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF RGYPT 



jirepoaitions : e.^, itini, 'mniiin thai /, ihat th", i/xlyak (or iRi^^ynlci { 
h*m ore ymf L&uti. i« iiouietiQi«4 heiiril for Uiit. Witli the 
[iiLTticln ha wt have IiilIiu, bab^, Imluim. Tbi? IesL [»m. retvna 
iti fuU form, t.hu»i hfi nnn,^ 

I^ematlG a^— Tlic iie^iitivM ntfi, /fS ore never ua«d with tbn 
Fiiiffiit^ft of tLi- 2u<l pBTB. Aiug. and plur. 

RKUAfTK /)- — Thf >Aigrj nf ihp 2n4 p»flri*, fliiig. jiiipi?arH in a few 
adtrarb^, or- woni.^ ut^l lulv^rbikUv, na «|Jkwiimitk, I vi^k, ^c,^ BumI 

lt1M1UlOC£ bbl^JIyu, Witil tilt' BUfSK uf tilO lait p«^. ^Wij^. 

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS 
% 121, When ^ppfnded bo uouut;, thr T^am? nuMiKoa n^rri^ Lu 

I'tl'fljff n/ m*. Le- my t^iUu'tf. Th^y Uike l1i« I'orniM ]mpt«iiil««| 

ubove to the pr?fKiE»tiana 'uEiil i^jut w>ini, iwi^riliii|r i^^^ ^Ji<^y en^ 
ill 4 cionnormiit w * t«wi*1, escr'iJt UiAt in tli? ciwo i>f f^nnnlne 
■tiri^ukrti aciil plunilb rudlti^ iti u tli*^ ^iitliJi Le rvtta^'lieti Ui thrir 
conitti'uct form ; e^j. : — 



l-i^tT 


my hou*e 


dp^'iLdtuk 


ihy for/'tf 


kiUUk 


tlttf bo<jk 


(For sic- 




biiitu 


Iiin diinyhtt:r 


giWliUk) 




itt hjL 


her h^nd 


r:utrilitik(tU' 


fhy (f.) nwA 


thlljl LU 


our 'foor 


(l^ibifik) 




rialamLLiim 


MiV pf^i 


wiinmittm 


fiur jMXpc 


ibuLihum 


dutir «vn 


klmUUtfujiu 


tfteir ra/i/'Ax 


f^lllTlA 


our duh 


j;liiiV\vn 


mt/ rtirer 


riglik 


thy {i,)/'jt>t 


kiuvlkl 


/Ay (f.) rhatr 


^frtU 


Ihrf liiiMWj-taiilr 







KKHdhK u.— Abl'(ail>)fatlHir ftdds Uia fluffiiuw bO lU coiiPlniut 
(ortJi uViC, Uiui nb(l>A r/ry /a/^i'-r, ^b/ikt, itliiMiUiJi* A;u. Akhkh 
(akh) mjLkns iiklii^yjL JLkhdk, ukhfiki. ukbliui. ikkblku, ukliilLUii^ 
ih tbrt vorutiw yx ki>l (if. yiL akhE) ia tis-wl n^ wiOl n« yti kbO^n, 
hik'l nr^duiioriKjIy vn khuiy^ vrhon tlie apoUccr wifibfi tv oobvc^y a 
r<'|irijij<' ti , lin ikhtiebl yn khiuy.^ Ya bft 7'jiy jfMtJtti %uJ ya misit 
m^ "'I'ffi'^' iirf bnurd fur vn n^/ivii ntiH vn nuimt ' 



' n-iinHtiTfi iikhjiiv- 



POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS 



lor> 



KiaMAHK ''. — Pliii'iklh (if thti form Tnirukji, ,»ei<I Ai'^rn? othfid. Mv 
trml^rl ju iiouhd tf-j-iuijiuLin^r iit Ukiii; ^j, l^^^ jn i Urotioil Ambic. or 

'•onftahhty ii^tAti j/ry irKidtrt'. Tikt rume id tJiL- izAeio wilh a few 
fc^uiiiMue MEiuuliLTH 111 a, HH hikfhrtlinirr Ihrnr ia-r\[rit.O'j'', ijmllU tt^// 

Rkuark r, Siim*^ noiiiift in f t^ikp *f only iit the fipnt ptvAoHi 

roTum'j. iiminllj lir&<'it ^, mul im' tliim tro»Uii mh cndiug iii a 
<ran?ntwiut ^hr-oiii^hiiut, m tmifflyii ^or imi^lli) /lU ri'i'tiri-/. mjii^lViLk 
(tiKU'i ttuTL mikplkj yi^r commjft iin^tyian {mugiyniL) our 

Nouiix «|]i1lii^ in lorij: MxreiiltHl ft or / Eim-ilH /( ttelvrmrii bbt' 

(nr u] cluuijf« tho liriaL vowc^l iiiti:t i, hs lMi^yA(cir bul1i%) m-tj orrvr- 
nNi/, bftlflvuk (4>r Ihilt^k) f/r'wr ar^^'^fr^^ biiUtEuv <i'4r biiii. HaWii 
(ukkw) iiptrrtxii miikm nAkwl. 

RmiAHK '^ Thu |.vjH4i>s«ive odjfvtivu b»tA^, with th# auflixefa, 
is Ii»bH whrrii it ^voiUd Ik? duDisy to tippftiid llniu to tin; iiouu 
itficif, I'ViiiiuiiH' plurals in ^t mv imfciiy cjf ihtni iKtt L-ouaidorwl 
Mirtrfittihitf itf thf t'lilliKi'vi: tbuK W4« Niy i( lAt^K betiY\ m^ tut-wU. 
[>ot \Miih\L 

ItKUAliE ^. — Fur llifl (Iifliip^>Hiuii[ied of tKp tiniJ n with thi- 
«uffiav« in the diiJil of 3cL. ri^L;!, ninl ilim't wv ^ 74^ 

RtuAiiky. — Th<* full fnmi of Uim prnriiMiik luay in all l-as^^i 
follow n word *hich iJr**ady t»in tL« ^iiffii, lu W-ti miH or \py 
ooubnu'tion) bi'^t &iiik, "nlfhuDi bummu, 'ItiiabnA Jtiu lie sli-urk ue, 

itKj*AT<i[ -; — 'flirt Tuikish snlTiK i" ( = AdiIiu- t) occui-a in tho 
Elen^lun/ trnj trr, «r, M^isttfitr. jiu«] f { = AraW ii)iii u f<?w 
»th<*r wordfl Lioriif^vL'^i fmiti Unit Kutjiu^r/' 

RlLkliiax A. — Fill <Akh«i k;ijb« (if rj^pruosiu^ piK?«i2SniiU] But* 

»^fAx, giiii!!, AMa-^d. 



* BiTtli forui«, luogi vid md^/i exi«l iu ibp Utt^i^j langiMgr. 

' Ftritii the (Jre&k Av<?tiTT;«H 

'^ E>|■lv>^uill^ tailit/u V gmd^e, m unblahf, Jcc* 



^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M * ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1 


^■~ ia6 THR SPOKEN ARABIC OF EOYPT ^^H 


^^^H VOCABUTAKV ^H 


^^^^^H almbah Hk^aau 


gibt /, ^U iirotufht, ^^H 


^^^^^m kliJLlaqtt hita/ol/trfiith' 


harvt'i-ouyht ^^U 


^^^^^^f rai/ 


talla* fa^v r^ ^H 


^^^^^ makbdfbn nnu^fer (of ser- 


sofril trai'^U&I (f, ^^| 


^^^H fafil) 


^H 


^^^H liurmR. rro'jrran^ Fojti/ 


aa^Uim 'hlu'er ^^H 


^^^^^^ ^ml^. ^Jiula ioi'it^ '/itant-ffy, 


bi% iiilit rfou gold ^^M 


^^^^^H RU17J ^rtr 


auu'na. ^^H 


^^^^^H TnAkLd.>j Trn'feniy'^Wfjt 


ZrUiLJjiJb unrr Kr/f/vjrj ^^| 


^^^^^H B^b ^orjfei 


oifilt /, ifOU,/'ir'jof^ ^M 


^^^^^V ufolt, iLHfoJt <^hrUt 


fi^ee/cii^ ^^M 


^^^r 'agftlit tfjAfie^ hiryrte 


gtftleik ^^H 


^^H nLqrtbM NErA\ ''o//i/r' 


tl'mX. ui'jitf j//>u A^fAi ^^H 


^^^H bumcit vtoflter-in-lai^ 


t>iiq*iiil yfiit /at ^^^M 


^^^H biu' oMi/^ 


uqaf ^fop (imperp.X.'^ ^^^M 


^H aU'ir(ll) tHtet 


aiLgg4Luwi£ niarn/iu'j. ^^H 


^^^^^H hAff /^ IfHth^l^ 


iriarrif^l tf ^^^M 


^^^^^H j'pf'rf'f 


EnAddilwu]' iooktn'j rtjnnil ^^H 


^^^^^H te'&lfi nrme (^l) 


/'/r ^^H 


^^^^^^H ^luq /^B liiiriff'i-.Ktl 


oijLfiliiLrtr T*titi/teni^l ^^H 


^^^^^ f A*Dt fAof l« 10 Sitjf 


Ibmn /'i/j/. in orii^y ^^H 


^^^L^ Akubb / wUI ptrvtr 


Mn/ ^H 


^^^^H mbati\ r^ /<t**rn^i. 


gtuib A^ ^/''* ^itr 1^, ^^1 


^^^^^1 tnntnrt 


w^r ^^1 


^^^^^^ raftiA '^'^^ Ii^/^a' 


■ 


^^^B S3 ^1 


^^^V TJmnn}i)i <\n'Aii 'nVt kiii«!hJk wo tinwU^ha vilmthn. Abil\-Ji ^^H 


^^H btfve fi wrHh^hilui vi< <|]U lihu : *'Ya bioU intl ^habiih uinxaile ^^H 


^^B LuuAiri/* V(-n isBi4^ri>ir bf-tfi'thkV iluminch^ixivl] il|:i'bi, Tn^illjl ^^| 


^^H yii gi<1'Aii, iiTiu niUtiLnulkf^^ It- Kt^'il ^luiiil ipivl w Finn nmheai, ^^H 


^^B y% i^kbU, lu uiniLc miKg^LiiwLf.Llb. Mik hUb akhkli^i iiuiigCld. ^^H 


^^B (Iu^Ilel ^jbU^iliiL, AiiiMi^ kbii'lii klui1>b{iiha w[> rihit -aU b4t abfUw. ^^H 


^^H TJiivvH ditrub likUf^! Lit', tUnibcii hOJi^ w mla w akbfljrft ^^| 


^^H i)Anibr]^}i i.lurliH k iiWHi>-i4iL, TT tytUnt iiTt 'j^iMnk bi'U' Ahflj*; ^^H 


^^H 1a\ biiwik b<'U*] Miiu ; Hkhinn (i)(]ilnh It, Hi^a mnni b:^t^lla vrv ^^H 


^^H j^iuJu x/>yiltn UunJini. Ir r^i'l iltl ^iinMhri t~' ''V.jl wi tU ^^H 


^^H miu'lj^ iiu (wai'Li^ft ftun) ibito 'AiamihA, H: lituv It ^^^ 


^^H inliikU III! mJi A't^liib mjLilt miub kiivtriMx. ^biirif niib ^^H 


^^H kuuAu iDi'i._Uii^'ar*aVyh. ]« BLtU> 'mij/ikl H f flLUi- 1 'it ^^^| 


^^B btnl(t) nun. HfJXJUHb diOh t a 


bClk {\l ttbAk)'f U\ii)u, iilya ^^ 


^^^_ 


vyx ^H 



POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS 



lOT 



I 



HcUtfL Ink vuUu Itya? lik. U vndad illi qu4lil,\mik iltnik? LtkT 
wilAd yik hurrual \a\ mu It^h, litUi iiJt in jujm bi't.Vl we tAlli' 
lA wgjQriH ill! iWm 'aIh « ^ui^li^ u tuL^mlh»uj tJ^^ijJb. II luinluiT^u 

fim *fl[ifhnfl' fi I K'!, w^ ^ifwiQ micrm fuliiinn. Inta n^ft hal^lk 
liitnet^ Shu^orSnik mndhhiVln^an &hu*ojib lilnilkiim-' ^Arho^iyit 
Miifr &l,i»iQ min hi'jmia»'li'ithEt, I^ »(itle gut nu^ we k.lii ab^hit 

wal^diL. Ya khr atia tjultiliik iDiit 'niyfui. FOn lHLrdc(ihbii! aitu 
JditttJiE^ liLi iiTJwil inb^ih. Uhfisulto idtyaij 1 fftfi<]iyji bntjihtjik- 
pnrabu 1 w*lml gtuulib dnrbTib 'aU ligl^U. Wahiin mm *tin:k 
Hf^'luir mil] H fjLTiyit. Tabi kluidt id tliifUir beti't, W »Jia *tLUxu 
buLu-jL, hhaija^ft li 1 Uht, 

EXEHOISE 34 

HiLvo joti w«n my LnWhorD ? Look around for it; it wm qh 
tliQ tuble iu the writiiL^-roam jvfilnnldj'. He ftN ufT hia btu-jip 
uuil brukt! both bin iLTDk-^, Hi*f &uiiD iH IIll' Jjiiiglitvr of a celi^ 
bmli'd brigand, Upun jmir bands, and 1 mil pour tiio Wiitor 
ovnr tbeni. The j tied my *rma b«bm<I my bjick» iJjrevr me uii 
tliH ground, Ekiirl kicki^l ]iit> * uii my Iiejid jiiid bbiiidderhJ.^ I 
hfcve brouglvt nu iLpple for your little girl an*1 twu ui' threw pearb 
fur bor briilber ; give th^'di to tbtm (in) the njorxiid^r. Uhvc 

i'oa bi-oiigbt yo(ir pen witb you ? Hie lady who trr;t7elleJ witb 
dm is biiA motber-in-lAw. Kava you ftt>«D my stick f Y^j^, I alw 
it ir the ocnTif^r bebirid your iimbr^lln, Wlit*r« did you put my 
IKJi'tfoliu? I \i\it it ini your wrttUiiti-tftble witb'^ tho papt-i'd tlint 
wc^re iu it. A natJm boy put bi^ haiid in b^? pouki^t luid took 
hi<r piif-HP out of ' it, but she m^k^ him by ^ hit^ rrulliir and haiidt^l 
him to t.h^ poliue. Hftv^ you any lard f No^ 1 sold it to my 
►I'otber, We linvt- fn>vm the soada in ourgftrdtfOt I Itots brought 
rtJTHo vl'ivt-r for juiir botf»©a. Good! give it to tbeui. Hi^p uf* 
tiir boiisp in fiT>i^t ^ of yoii. My birycle is Jitvpr thnn yours. I 
luLV*^ forgottiin ht-r u*m'.'. The e^irvant is Jikei hia nmeter, Thf 
BUit Ia very hot; why lu-eyou sLtting In iti Wherf ia my cKiur f 
A lady >" U} Mttiug uu it. Hie gt-iitli^uuiu wiio (b) with liei' gavt 
it to m(>, 



• i f 01 ^. 



* To i/'cr hotwc^ ^ Tmr totcniry, 

* Traos. afriirk rnf u''lh (t»i) f?jcij-yfe*/« 

* Tnuis. m^ thiiuld^rn. 

■ bi, T mia. • *anii. 

* Tnitifln i''lii'-h (ip) ill front of yoi^ 

^ The iwlttQiLtte jirtiL^lu blioulil be BXpraoaad. 



]08 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



REFLEXIVK AND EEClPaOGAL PRONOUNS 

S \^'2* Thtire in nv tlittiiict fwiij for Lhe reflexiyt* pivuoun in 
ArnJric. Its plikctx is BuppUtMl hy ttip pprm)nal proiiwiiH, with or 
without a (H'epoalioii, or hv one of tlie words ha*'^ ^^^/i fut "^til, 
ffiirii, flhnkfiri (or rukkli^), rj\i f^tr/")!!, wit)i tLiu poSHtt^^d^'O aviiKus, 
i>r b^ Uu3 wuifJ bii^Jt wJlL ijr »i(,bi>iit tlii; «uttiAO> ', t-'j, : — 

iLbaJlSk IjMet i^ap ^tmritdf i]t]U|it i^uiilia »he/uund Acr- 
j«at/^ gawB bet fh^J/ MMMJ« 4 

'ivulflya cam'age I gih hfi*n Vtairie in 

iiiAUwit iiHfiiii Av H^crf ^lElLlch^Ll pertum 

^ khiidtt baM or /^jc^ '('L>^ '^(«tn- 
biiMuhiitn 0di«0 q/^ 

g 133. Ti\1 hmjth \& Hometiinef* uAed in thu suiuow&y,u»lAni&iti 
(ijIu //'' fif^fM Jiiiiuelf qff \^ ftorf Iti th<* fRSP of m^inlHl o|jfrni,iuTH 
tltt! u'or-fla bcU rrnjid, 'lujl mtslh'i/&n&!t as ajuii shuviriij 'o^IT (or 
iLAfst) / fi>o/^ rr^fjwiT)/ rfifA' myteff, q&l fi bUu ^f^ oai'i imtkm, fo, 
hinueff. Zkt juid nftfii, n* ji]*jo 'jiql \uit\ hAl, miLj' hw UBi?fl togethpf, 
th« Beponil woi-d oTiU tikiug tt*- BulTix, iih bflwu lal [lafau (or 
liflWtt bi rAt n&fau) /ii- Aw t^-^ eel/, qui (i "nqlc IMu. HilAtl Mid 
Ii&JaUtk '' (lilPiiLHy 71'!^, ymr, csnuUtwn) \a\\v tliT? foruc of TrD"Xivt 
proDoiiTia ill \iueh e^tprewioTi^ ni ThI^ r/'ye hiilAti a jnan ittifk at 
myKl/. Bu'd al^o t^jiri*B<<oe the idwi of rwiprwlty or iiiutii^klit^r 
(geuc^nJly vithoot, but oft^r with, tLt* euffiiv)) tks (lHJiil>riu hu'd frc 
dru^k vnt aiHjlU^', [unuwito bji'iiuhvtiu fii>:<f b/fnc •nf I'nvtfKr* 



THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOCN 
g 1?4. ThL4 d«iuciiBtrutivw atu ; — 



diL, dih| and (rotelj) doh 



di.di 



r^^ 



PiA'iui. roH BOTH OexasRB 

Rkmahk It. —Dill U iLLiR^ bUj|rliiiUu UiiLJi dtt, the liittfir Wirii; 

* Of, tit» MtfrwHlon ftfu gi^t bi tOII or tOlt 7 ca'M' A^ >'»^^» 
' Oiiljr t^*f two |f«reoti£ are iji uM. 



THE DSMONSTRATIVK PttONOUM 109 

TLnmstK h. — Id tlic ''midliui" or city ^ rUh U oFtfltL HalH 

f(Fi diUi auil <i1>A for iIl- 

Kbmaiik r. — XVhtjji 'Jm atAijI^ ulniif iiuuiprJiutvly ]>i?f<'rM the 
pL-rnuEud prouD\LiiH, thi^ Irtt&er amy t^ithfr rxniAin itncIiuii^L-i or 
MiHuiiio thi^ truuiMtod forms ituLcribivl ftbovi>, ne da huw^ gi' tiit 

Uif tJliji\ fir. 

M'|iitrut*^h', rir in cIop« ooiin^cuon wUh a 9ubFiUiiriv4>, whidi ijiIc^'^ 
tbv defijiiU* iirtiflic, 4i;il aloiofit iiivjiriiLblv preci^i^^ tho |nv 
ivKia ; tf''/' ir i-nf^l diU, ir r&^il dji, iJ uaiu di, il uiaifli di, u- 
rig^u Jul : hLit dn kb^l'Ujji (/tu (ri\nnt!i)a nvnxtrU, ii'A betl^'i 
tfi*Mf{aie} mtrii*. D^tU it E^u-^lv. ard doU, d'^lut nrv perliiipM uovur 
hwrd with u iiutin> Thi< lutti^r Eorm is moetly uaod by wouitiu, 

Maac^ — dtk-hA.duk fui.i1ik-biit,iliilc-hA.t, dik huiyii.dikliiuyatr 
diik'Jj*Jvat» dils'haiawii, duk-litrnVn. 

Fi;H,^dik-Ufi. dik-lmt, dlk'biiyu, dik-Kbiyat, laid (tfddijui anil 
inourrwtlyj duk-hAt and duk-huiyHt rkat. 

^LUA-M. Fon mil's fi]^:?fDKM 

Duk-imm. duk4uil]la)]^ duk-Uumtiu And (mxmsiauall}') dilc 

liJLNilrm nud dik-huiyat fh'ioe. 

Dn.. diU, An,, aro «ri*ii lUMsd UvrutJur with dik-li*^ itc. to give 
graater diatiiiitii>r» Ui ttie ohjwt In whk'li they riifffl-^ hh ir-rjlgil 
dtik-h& diL, lJ bAb duk-iuiuwfk ilih, i\ luuru dik JmiTu df, //in/ i^ian. 
(Awr, rrtmiiifi ifon*ier : iluk'h**rn dal illi <[iidd,VinJi t/iotr thrrr in 
ftvnt (•/ !i*'ti- TtiEv An* fiu-lht^r u^fd witli unotLvr faun, iliik 
jWlow}, u'bir'h 6<*lilom sUnds by it«?lf- It rBniJiin»i iirwditiD^e'l 
bhii^ : d]d< dilj, djJc d1, ditJc d^^L 

KcMAJiK, — Dill ia <n^p«,^ioo&lly lioftrd wUL thv din^oJ- formE* 
(inrluding dikj, giving cliwu b piurid ariL>Mv nd duk-ha dM, duk- 
iifcioWk^ dM. dik d^l, dik-btu:'« di^j. dik-hut di'J. 

(3) Dik (ir dlk), diik (iiik)»- ti!k man*!- at.<i fern. fAaf. 

They art used «it}i * fi^w wutxJ:^ expi-enaiTt* af tiniL?. ^i^ dik in 
(itt)u^i. tilk il yiym thai tfa'j. dAk il wiugt /An/ /I'm^, li tJIk il U^Ib 
»rt fMf ri/^^i/, anri hnre no pluml form, Tlitiv miist Iw iaimt' 
diatcU foKowtxi bv thfl articli;, 

(4) ^li^ik //roif 

ThiA wonl in ^wliloin liHurd in tbn ralloqiibLl Itui^iEo^p, nnd 



* /,r, ta Uit» giduu 1 giAcii. UhiuolLyft, find uoi^bbuui-ing 
^ A nahffj form of Uie litei-sjy dlt^k, uid nuvJy biMni 



110 THE SPOKEN ARiBlC OF EGYPT 

tben otAy In & n«utoT eoiis(>, as min bnMe xfLl^c o/Ur t?*ai, a/far- 
tsatiJf : mil' tAlik m ffifc o/ thai, h.noecer. 

The iMiLkle ii,nr fndca^ionjilly) hmuitl ifiii, tniiy ho pri*Gx^l tc 
tfce pwTiorisil pro[n>iiijfl in tliwir ftbortviied t^ornifl, ^iviDjj thrm a 
■Itfnioiifltlutive BODaL> *is fihii (4hu),* h/iiiij ! iiliu,u.lui /diiiiu ! fhert 
/«<, flft^ U, Otcij arc 1 luabuiu Intt tht^rt tlftft lU c / 

EEMiKK. — Tim full fiimis ar*" ibomt^ioipa heard, as ahiiinmA, 
Abo nijLy Iw usi^d lulvorbiallj oi cbti temiiiiDe jis well u the mii^ 

W* ttiDiiot, howtvCT, say il binl ikh6 ^Aera is the tjirl, though wt 
may 6ajj iihrt il bifil nhr', 

Revark ft.^-Tbo ^'iTniiiiQe iommistPativi? i!i, rJi, with ^i, fl, or 
Fn4i profiled, ij* uaed j^dverbUllj-, il» j^uiii-' iu Frtiuii, witLoiit 
diatuictioLi of guuder or iiuuibiir, tiub tbe uuiui uiubt bo i^- 
pretised, lui adf rii^il wiaikh, nmr^ bat^ala f/jofV 'f tHrtif VArm» a 
M'i «07^*aw / ftdi i]*jrshCn Aenr a j^f ttM* pianireff. The uiiioa of axtn 
viih adi results iu tho iarjo^ ftdlxd, ^luii udtuT or wlfn, w} adtni 
luna qudddmuk, adta get. 

RtcHinK r. — DiL, HDil w^n tli^ f^n. dt nra b^so uwd advvr^ 
biiJJ)' in c<»rtain cmva> (3c-o SjuUls, J 4lti.) 

KEMAFUt c/. — lu the eapniflaioDfl U yom to-dny, il l^U to-n''ijht, 
i« pubh //(W iitiiruiii'j^ i* rwiiia ihieytmr^ inh sliilwlvft ^/v/* /nn^T. and 
a few oth^rAfthu lutkle \u^ tb^foruaof HideiaoLtatrativ^proiiuuD. 

THK INTERROGATIVE PBONOUN 

g IS-";. TLi' hils^ntifirjitj^e prtmouua are :— 

(1) 'SViw^rhiit i\ 4'b. eahf mi ^ whit 7 

Keuah1£ a- — Mln tuay have the sLui-t torm of tlie pprsciinl 
proiuii uA nUAcbed liO itt as miDhuY vjho it Iwt but it xs moiv 
uauu] ^ Huy uiiu huvhu, Jiu;. 

KtUAliE A.-^E^h oi- Uh (as it Houade wti^n followE*) ]>y a run- 
flonant) ia ^ luui^b j'^er ujm> tlu^u §> It is a aliEirtoiied foroi ol 

i-ehii trhaiti^mf 

SlAiC,— aohu, nnbu,inbilu, L-nhiUmubi, enhi, atiliH, Miht<,iLit- 
huwa, cnbuwa (anbCva, viLbtLWD). 

F CM. —on hi II, %Xi\A. enfci, anho, eub^. unhfya, *iiiliiy*. 
pLCHu^^^iihon, vnhua, ahLuu, 6t;lm3i icJrifA, yvltaXf 



THE KELATEVE PRONOUN 



111 



Rhxarh a.— Tbe EUftM. aubu ia octAsiijoaUy luod with a femi- 

KeVAILK i.— 'Of tlhlM.^ foiTQH wLlull ^iv] IIJ H VOWl4 lllfl itCt'tttlt 

U uu tiir linn.} HvllKblK ^i<xc*i']tt in the c^ii-* uf anhiiwit, iiljtiTyUi 
wLero it it alwavE^ on tiic ficiiultiDaiiU-) nLun ttir.-v bfAuU uloTiv, 
atA oil iU« peuultimati' when tUpy rti-k> followtJ by Uiu substini- 
tit^i* or oLhifT wcii-d ivhii^li they i|iULlir)\ ua aahu 1 vskichl trhicfi 
ont'i II fttihi bot, bu.U<U m •rhtrh /joitfie, Ivirn f T)ie tux'^ut in. 
howpvi^i som^tunoe on tin' tiruU a^Hlu-ble wtt^u the '^oiDDtibUiLtiTe 
ila ftflluwa, iH mibn'ilftT* Ivt jiiilju ilu.? iTiOBt! ivhidi eai\ in [l oon- 
iviimiit iirt^ only u.^ted jJi^iu:-, tubb iuJeolitubleaullwiiig tfubbUtuW 
iot the pLurnL tuims- 

(li) Ani^Gfil^ tt^tiett^rchnt ? for butli geiulvrtj aniiUl uatulh.<]'«. 
lifl £Lui r&^ T ojii uiuiu t aiii bilod 1 



THE RELATIVE PRONOUN 

j 126. The relntdve pronouua ortv for all genrterH and num- 
bora: — 

(1) 1U1, UKed botb of iimuinte anO luatiimat* nbjecU. 

(^] Hil« mu, Lia^ uLiiHtl^ of lnjiiiiDiutti ubject.a. 

tiEH.KtB a,— Thf personal proaoun* uwy b& iii*»CTtod for em- 
phaaiti tii/lweoti iUl ni^>i a T#ri» exfo-udged m^ under^lood, &3 illl 
Luwa gih> illi hlviL buitf' (&i;d tiyutruc, }^ 37:2.) 

REHAitn h. — Mil in ri»»l urJy wiit-rti t1ii> uhj^iTli to wbicli it 
reters is uud«rsboi>d or not da£a«l by tbe lu^tlclQ, as 'ida elika Dm 
<jAl &n «ff()Hftf I'/ that trhn-h he tiaii^, Alifinii nia Jean M-* htat {vhuh) 
iJiers ttfOa, mudilit lua kAu li^uijk •iuyitfj f/i>i f j'rri'* ^Aii^ ^j'' a^lm f/ic/tf* 
kulle ro&' t4jul hj tf/jfrft'TM^r yon sni/ to /iipi, ^n miL aiLrttift m qiibUt 
vh, /ur iftat ahti-k ^m ^"ie, tfutv tr^in'h ^-n hii!"f {i*. tthtit a 

KENJkKK (% — ir/i'jBf ift pxp4»**)Hi| hy illl ami tb" ppi'soiukl aulEi 
Kpp^riilKt fiO tbtt riiiun, iis ir rngiJ iJII Iju^&ua gib^ KtHTHlly /Jw uian 

KcMARK ii,^The vorJ mui (Korkoio nukn) la ii9i>d ui pbico of 
ill] 111 BLijac [trtiVL^j-bfi and Miuii-rt^li^ioun uxi^t^^iuub, as uitu Ljintk 
th^ 'jlflh brtlnb fi'Ati I^fltVJ a thuitj Itf^s tcifhi/iit if. Allnh v<^fif"i'3k 
'iJa Clin ji'iJlk Oad -jue f^f^ tietortf f?iW [hw^) triu> l» thy 
tiiffRi'j. It ifi u»d obw wiUi kuli (i 127) aud wilb uuuil, a« 
auwil imi] mJiuftti, &c. 

' Sittiiidiui; )-3ithr[' :ix niiliiib dii fliji.it }LiiliLii1a. 
* taltio tthetei'er 



113 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF K{}\^ 



THE INDEFINITE PRONOUN 
§ 127, Till- ludiJlinit" pr^nouurt ui'e : — 

(or fijuha) wftifJi^m'i what^t'f , e\t willjiil, fviba (cynL») wahiJ 
tohichtiter one ; kulle mutihu v^/tij^^r, \rhf)f/ev^er: ^^u ^follciwwd bj^ 

aniflv/iifj ; fulfill i] Fulin! ^ « ucA a *me ,, kjua ^ tfi^A. 

Reu&uk ti. — ^Kulle luin is gunuvlly uti^^mpiuiiml by (Jib verb 
If ft 11 or ci^ilu. 

RlHAnK //.— f^J i»iu<iially followed bvlbeifQuitivv fora; lut>t/ 
wh^ti the luttoJ' LB tollu^M tiv A v'eiht tb£ mill t]>e bvtiii kiU| 
htkUhliD leftist m'r/E trht/efyf fifiiM, vilinii*^, it nuij/ in'. (^HtrSjDtMV. 
S 454.) 

§ I3K. 11 y^xA DoneAponds to the Hngliah tf^ in cnv ^ofw 
/6r tfte iwti^ H tDATin (liiia&n) or il iubAu miBua in uficd iu tho 
Huae waj. (See J^yntiix^ J 44^,) 

THE UISTEIBUTIVK PRONOUN 

S 1S9. 'ITjt* dirti-ibutivo pronouiiH tr* ; — 
Kiill fimrit, kiilli^ wiU|{iI ri-ffrfprnf^ kulle mm (uith kAn\ kill 
larhnbu ^adi^ ba'd. rniTtbu^d (eithvr uloim or followod by tha pra 





VOCABULARY 




Ulm 


mirfi, titi/. 


Xv^kw 


bmjrntf A 


gawfir 


eHviTfjnr 


m 


d9M V 


iDtttnd^ 


jtlar^ 


•:«!. 


trrflc/ 


DiHLtya 


aaiary 


uJil iJ bf'b 


Jatrntif 


miiH'alu 


i/w^ti/m. 


i|»irib (]8j 


rrtcifum 




tnaf/fT 


aljidiU 


tyii'f^fe 


■Ul 


drinictT'if- 


<iii»vil 


ifOSfitif't^J 




/\>\adtAin 


qu'dli. qirahv 


a tariff piAj^rt 


kbvldlin 


mnftmt 


High 





' Tbo accent is grni<rs11y ori tha ibnti<p(MiuJb< 

^ Fulj^ii Ufiv^pi' Uikipt tb* urtiiOr, wbilc ito itdjivatiw fiiJint ii 

° KihKii ih til'* iiithts-y form of tb<i nflv«rb k(«lo (duif^, Aw/Aa), 

■ But «»oS*S^''- '""tM- 

* Fi.if trtlitii M^tiv* of ei|m^i]^ ilIaLiiVutioti aiul diviiiiori, xm 





1 

TEE DlSTBIBUnVB PRONOUN 113 ^^H 


kBliibb(kliibb}^f«6 | sliiribC / 'Intnk ^^^^| 


Ikhir tnd 


LiwuJdl jf (f.) fdor^, ^^^H 


k^hir, kibtr M 


fvnf^ji ^^^^^H 


kullu ifig L^Actb c/ j< 




^ft^li^Q thirnly 


ujuul ditff^din^ 


quit yvn, taid ^^^^H 


DoAahl waU^tj<7 tm/oot 


tenom j^ou ttvep ^^^^^M 


wftqif standing, 


heylkkaWaa fie u rpcakiiiif ^^^^H 


ttfjpping 


^^^^^1 


iQWbA^ fi'di 


ytniAm he tittep^ ^^^^^| 


ahayif tf0n>E^ 


atJvibt / Uft ^^^H 


(aU«^iI) 


^^^^1 


difi* **a liffimding 


*AiTia]t ffou.^ did ^^^^^1 


ajfjub y TOfFi 


yialLnLb hv ttriidCA, ^^^^H 


g[tf« jV Aaj^j/tfW 


tmoKs* ^^^^^U 


'irif t / ktte\B, jta-" 


yi^MaH thsy Hve ^^^^H 


eetimdf 


insiLraq hSj it, wax ^^^^^M 


found 


robl«(i ^^^^H 


^litf titd you kmttt 


addl J i/ivc, teiil (fttt ^^H 


ififtni S 


wuLdu (or I] by himaef/ ^^^^^M 


ilkluinqn tkey t^va/^^td 


^^^^^M 


ostdahiG \i Jailff>d,acnl/<7r 


wubdiba (1! f"j Itemtif ^^^^^M 


i-H£^il' ?te riiurned. 


waLdibu) ^^^^^1 


Ttjilaced 


fa, H, tv bttt. rtfid ^^^^^M 


qit^*t J evt, dodfti^ted 


wi htf (in 08thiJ ^^^^^| 


(q*t4it) 


*b1a i?fi, of, abtnit ^^^^H 


je«hiif he *tea 


^^H 


EXERCISE 2& ^^^1 


Ktille ji'^m nksab It qeraban. Adi 1 kolim illt 'and!. Kullu ^^| 


miij knu yiakiir ffb k»^t1r ijiivL Kiille nfttjid rjn'id 'uU kur«l. ^^| 


Add! lu khAmsri SAgh willa i^h J Iddt tci tvt^ h^^gt^- ^^n if liLgii ^^^^H 


ilil kun 'oodiik ? gDj-d Ju CL V Etb ^libLik hiuikf auA gt't bi lAlt ^^^^^| 


HummiL gum \'i ^ubdulium. K.iii^« miLuliu ^okhud u^dtu* ^^^^^H 


Hudituift luuLlii' DiL khadiiiLin ^aTidL Da bnukujij wallji bmi ^^H 


mint Quite 'aliL mful Djl 111 biiui pLQbLDft, 'Infli' Um ^^H 


il bAlad dl? LwiL, M)7L isinibik Quul.' Adi I |,'j4.w,\b Uli y'lh ^^H 


bi 1 bu^lu btTUl;it in oaliur da. Lflit k&zA miu isli ^^bakr. ^^^^H 


MliL bnwn r rd^il ilM wiu]if dak dili f Gfiwii 1 bolad fi I nidliiu^ ^^^^^M 


vn^ul ]] SiJiuk 1 Hiat^Q wi ] G&jualSvH vj ^fwarba \«qfdli ir vigil ^^^^^M 


dab wi 1 ^iirmfh dJyoi. lata eb^yif duk-haiumat liu! illl wuqftii ^^^^^| 


bcoAkt Allu iUl ipbl Huwa 1 uio^bk: iiofdj. 11 biu^biu. flil ^^^^H 


^ EfrDOb, 8 toWD ku Opi«r Egypt. ^^^^H 



lU 



THB SPOKEN AKABTC OF EGYPT 



minhtmi ^ujab it toni fi 'cuji, 1ftlU.hb& Wi ntu ^omEvlte £hi 
AitiL rudiLhU' 1i I ^jukliii ; giht, lag^tLhliEk ; wa ijupjjt ujfrit n 
hnklm min mn.hlyit lE! t*.lliihhft- W AlMM '•iciJtfl t'Li\ib, II 
K'/iliiil ]ax\m Yordh^ yoj^JiQf it mae^alit bi DAfsu, 11 babQj- yeq^ti^ 
min mii^r H aQi sH'al Hnwfl. kulle yumt^ tel&t* yigl *ikuiliuru 
Kullf^ Eiin q-iiTi nisJt wiillii I'i^ll/' Lislou IcAQ marbOt miu aiiJddit 
ma faftfal lu, LLut li iihuwH.ivit V'sL miti ^fui k^n. AbuiuniH 
djik dQl illi waqfln 'and il bjib- KnlJe miu kAn j^lL iiiiku rA^ii 
tuiyiU Ti^ f ani sA'A t II balad Jt nuLiu fihuni- Kuati« mlslit 
fi 8 rfikkft wp 'irift* luvfsl luijinl 'aisban ; fe rufatu aliu-ibU* luoi^ft 
mic is Eibil illl warn h^ik. Qiil gth 'unduJc fulau il ful&nt, i^ul 
Ju oh? Min £^o dkkitiii rul^b b^mliba tiwikAldik U bolatL 



EXKRGISE ?6 

ThM^ «ra the men who wero iq tht> train wibli mc. In irbich 
room did you slef-p? My bruthei^ slet^pa io (bber oue) wtioh is 
behind ^ouf motbor'a. Ifvery oad knov^ bi^ (own) boslDMH. 
1 met soiiiolhodv u.1 tbe club yesterday (who) kntjwjs your father, 
1 was ilefeudinE myaelf. Tho boy with wbo«e fnlli«c you Odroe 
from Upper E^^ypl ib now & Hi^rviuit in my houat*. He hut 
moiri^l 11 WDTTUiii fifuwn vcat^ oldfr Tpha,Q himaolf.^ By wbioJi 
boat did you corned Evarybody who wiis Un^i-o wjva filefi3i<d4 
Why did you loava mu tUwo u,uJ taJte the boat for* youiaein 
Hu«b<ii;da hud wived aiiould ^ alwjMH lu\it ont^ nnutlior. Il<i whu 
fliuukps fc^u L'igaTi-ltfl5 ii djiy*^ Bmokea too cuiQy. In Uior^ juiy- 
bo<iy hei*e? To t«lk is ^n*' lhiji>:. lo do \h \iinilh^'' Tbo tw» 
brothers liri* in the aAOie hijvis^.' OtW *!*t« iutiiil^^ XLv (uolui». 
Ht' is atwttvd speakiuj: iif hJFijj*(.'if. Did ynv; uome ul<irie, or witJi 
your family? I caoi" with my father tt»»d molh^ir ;ki>d idl ms 
rehitious. 1 rend th^ wholo t«f tht' book from btij^'iiHiing Ui eml.* 
1 have givet you tbir b^t 1 lunL'^ MTlV djd yoU lot liixu got 
fiecau^ hb bit my dik^'vr- Whotw lior^M h that? It betfoii^ 
to th« ffl&u wbofio hoUHi VBHA robbi<d yitStorriky. 



^ /.& it ia iiw«6£u~y that. 
■ A cliir. of r*t''' '''" '"~" 
< OUti^ than til ^ 



1 'h.; 



'-Mtt. 



ULMJfli 



'^ Xnnn, The tal^ 
" Trjuw. in uru- Aiaut. 

^' Xniua f^fc 6«*f tti&M^ rAU «UA »■«. 






TEE VERB 



n& 



THE VBRB 

g 130. Verl.)n maj be eitliw triliti?jnl or qu/nlrilit*(ral, i.e. thej 
may L-autmn either three or foui" mJionl felttrrs, 

§ 131. ItdJicitl letttTs amy be <jither 8trrtii^» or weak. A 
strcing radiiail ia oqb tbnt r^'oiainB uudjangiHl tbraughtmt tJit- 
conjupitii>r) of th« vm^b ; thus A, /, /j, the root or raAii*t\ \etters of 
the ^vrb katjtb f-/ fcW/e, kwinj^ atrorgj Appear in th^ «rae ciwlet 
in tTerj' iilui^o of tho tctIj, tbouph the vowels may i-h&n^- and 
utbei' Irttera bo mM^, Tbc fft^k coiisoaanto lire w rtinl |/. 

S 132. A trilitfnil rrrb whi(*b t^ntninB tJjive stroiai? niilicalB 
ia tTDH^il ^troftfi. wbile a verb t-oiitjiifiiiig w or ;/ or q*t*u {') a* 
on*' (;f ita radicals U t^j"m<r"l rtYoA. ThoftB which have two aucb 
leLlciif ara doublj' weuk. and Ibose nbich httve three trt^bly nciiJt^ 

133, Strou^ v^bn iiri? subdivided into two cla^qeB :-* 

(ti) TboM whose Ihvwa radicjil« ore &II different, and 

(A) 'Iliotie vtbn-te second ard tbird mdicala aje identical. Thv 
tavuivr m\' tiiUt'J ft'.'r/ect verbs. 

^ 134, Fruni tli" i^iinple foma of the verb, L'omposed otJj' of 
the rAilinkln iiiid tboir conn>K^titL^ vowols, oth(^^ fortes^ or coil- 
jiigitTiioiis. ar© ooostmcted by tbo doubling of tbt radical* ^od 
th@ a,dditjim of :iew letters. 

g 135. The verb ba*, AG u rule, only obp voiee> DAm^ly. tbo 
aotivi^f^ two uLoods, tho indicativo and the impe^t^tive, and two 
mcaple tenses, thv paat at^d the Mirjat oj' im^rei f«.vt» fi-om i^iiich, 
bowovOT, otherH iire formi^ by means of pr«fi:t -> or by aiii of the 
BuhitnTitivi? verb tin, and two pjitUt'ipIPP or v*i^ d "djeptivpc, one 
u^dvc rmd tbo otbor piMtKivo. The ititiuitive mood is r<F|u-i?^oiitf<d 
by verbal iwans e*|jrf*5Jug the a&ture iw quality ut ttie verb. 

^ I3ti. Tb(>ti> uj-i^ two nuuibm-r.. ^n^oj- and plumj, UiriHi 
persoris, Miul. for tbi^ '2w) nnd 3rd |v«rsuns fiingulEU'^ Lwi> gemlers. 

TH£ SIMPLE P£EFi:OT VlIBB 
^ 137. The 3i'd pi^r^oEi !iui^uLfU' ^jE tht> p^^ tenfio tdkea oum 
of T.hi* thrao t'ollonin^ i'orjn^ : boi^ak, buik» biiruk. ris tlnrab he 
fctTxi.I.. RbirJb he tfrant, fughnr ^ wu «mati, and tha tensp in 
«OUJu^ti^ thutt: — 



UAiC, 


rcu. 




Irf-, pnvtt- (!rtr:*bt 


dnrtbTi 


/ tifrwl: /If tiarv ^fnicfr 


Sud pc^ni, dftTflbt 


diunbtt 


Ih/iu ^meJee^, ifc. 


3rd p^i-fl. iWiib 


^orabJt 


Atf Efnrc^, thft Ji", 



> Th<r itaf^flirn iii iifiniillvHiyireiftoli bvoikvof thodaHred fonik«, 
but 0^ bokjw, a 111 iiud ^ 5f;5-^U6. 



U'i 



THE RPOKEN ABABIC OF EGYPT 



let \tfva, (Wabua (-n&) vt- aiftilf^ ^c, 

2nd ptrs^ durabtl^ (or dorabbuiu)^ yoit irtrutf., $r^ 
3rd pf»rfl. ilarflbli (or -liiTJibvim)" they itruc!/, ^fl^ 

§ IStJ, SiiuiJriLlf hliirib tmii ^ugbur: but it muMt be reiuem^ 
bfirnd tb^it thd abort vgv^Is i and u aft^ti dis^pptwr between two 

Rbu.vhe a.— Mfiny voi-ba of il u^ntor w^iise tuko bbs Foc'in 
hirik or baiuk uptiomllyf thcri]>;li tlie Intl^er lit p(.^rliaj>ataEU-i*u)]jj' 
tnon, lut *ut"i? (^>'" 'it'?) '-^sneete; a few titko tbe forms dorfl/i' and 
/'jfiA-^ a« Uikiai or (more uaually) bikbil to be »Hngij, and Atill 
fewer ^11 tbrt'o furoia. ilh kbunmr, khLmir» Eind c»cciLaionaJly kluuoiu- 
to riot (of tkfu^'b). 

KijjARK /j, — Most verbfl of the form barak btb tnmi«itiv» in 
luennin^, tho^p of Uic form birlk ronstl^' intrHPsitivo dv piLfidvQ, 
wbile thuao of tbe form buiuk aj-e luviu'i&blj iutr&nsitwe (ueutaF 

§ 13^. In the foi'mntlon cf tije iinriit, the Srat Tovel of tbd 
|Hktt b^EUii: fuUs (lutt Aad lb? *^ec(rnd bE»;i>Lnc^ i (or l«ss i-iJtutnuiily 
a ui rt). w)jUe tlkt^ ]>erauua luu di:uuted hy u^x^fi or auILk^a. 

MAaC. TEH. 

lot pera, Jidrab a^b-ab I sfriJit, WtU strike 

2Dd jiei-a. liiirab tidiuTil f/^tiu tffn^^f, 4'''< 

3rd pi^s- yidrab tidrab he, the nfnJrett, ^'•. 

IstpiiR- nidrah im Wii'frif, ^r. 

l^Eid jrefH, Udrubil (or tidrubutn) yov siTth-e. ^f. 

3rd |>€ir». yidrubQ (or jidmbum) £/t«^ siriKr. 4'r^ 

S 140. Similai'lv liktib / im/rf, U'Ucbui / mtcr (from kitt^b, 

dsJtbid), but. wiUi t nud u reapKCtively tbnmgbout in pbiceuf tb« 

n of iho AK-ond nyllfthlp. 

RKii*it5 a,^Ow:isiojmlIy the tf <rf the SH pei'MMi is indi*" 
dn^tly b^MUil, In iu^oJ (or il'n.n) Fram tu'al, hb^an ^a <^kifve, it Js 
often dropped alu^f^ther.' 

^ Note that th^ u Li quite aboi't in nil verbtwhi^n -um U iWvl 
both in the ^nd rutd 3rd p^rAoriA. Eran d U hjudlj pro- 
ooum^pii long. 

> PoHtiblj tbe^itd^r Jomi. C\. ArniriiLJo p'olOn. 

of Ali^i^fln riud Malt:L 



THE SIMPLE PERFECT VERB 



II 



HEHAiia b.—The Sovia of the \et ptrn. plur. ia in h [q;0 ex- 
|ii-frvsi<i[iii iised for the lat pers, siDg,,^ na liifldT uil'httiUi irn'rAf 
I irnitt to unrfpfj^f'inrf, ta knato / \i\i*t& nipi I sinrtf^ fo run. 

IlEkUFiK <:, — It will bo obflOTTod tbnt tho 1st nnd End ppi^i. 
aiog. mnfic. of tb*> paat tensi* are ideotital in fornjj na ar& a-lso 
ttio l^fid |N'ih. irjfLSC, »Ti(L the ^rd iViu. sing, of the iLori^, Wheit 
thei« is a pos^ibilitj of oonfii^ion thp p**rfykr»Jil prononn sLonld bo 
Qxprcesc'd. 

Rbdukk c/. — TL« vowel of Ibe Isb pers, BJjig' of tbt^ «<iri8t is 
Invariablj a, thnt cif tb^ priTrci-iujitive8^1lA.bl0 of Lbi? obhi^ir fwr- 
aona ia iV' Th<* bitter ia, however, sometime* aasimUated to n 
wbfMi the JiTiitl flvllablu oonUiufl that v-owflJ,oe yulthru^ (or jikh- 
ru^) ^r 'jtrcooiU {ao tiikhru^, aukhrui^, die, ort^hmg. i^o-), juq'ud 
Ae*ifi{ror jiij'iid). Jn jh*!^, Ac. (from *irif f, jii'iiiiir (fi'om *imir) 
to i'f ifi/tabif'il. yri'nig he lirtif'^ luid a few otberH, it UaasunUated 
to tho ft^^ III na^^rr'if. ji& in tli*- Koranic diuJ eat, the inituil syllable 
of tbe< Hori^t JuvEkriably eudfv in a, and such i» tbe uiae in th« 
BfifkkTiri liiii;L^iiM^i» in ruhtiy i?ipif«Bfiioii& of a r^Hgious ton«, aa yir- 
hamkum AUali (for \irhamkum) 1 Oud have nwr'^y on you ! 

^141. The following verba tako a in the fiiuO fvkUbU of tho 
aorij<t ;— 

(1) TboM whose jwcoud rwlit^dl is /f, A, at ', except: — 

(a) tdiojn 
Uliaf 

gahimi 

oohan 

diihaAb 
rlaW 

rn'uOit 
which tiftkc >, mikkiikg fttbim, atliif, J^o- 

(<!') Bh;i'ar /<rW i mofauk cru& 

which t^(T u, lOAkiiijz anb'uj-, Jtc. 



flJVI/*^ 


sahni 


t^&»m 


^jtxfa4(^pr€eisnf 


ftUiiu' 


(Wlrfullrf 


tira 


aft'ul 


<0**gh 


mgraft 


Ba'ad 


vmk^ ptv^permu 


tapol 


Ebi-ir 


mak9 *er«« 


ffrtodc 


duihur 


apeak vwU ^ 


bvthtr 


Bbfthuu 


iood 


maken 


qfthfir 


onnop 


/rigfdstk 


laljiiiii 


4oldar 


" 


■aiLhal 


grant a rcepHo 


thwui^r 


lu'ia 


be dnmtif 



^ In AlgoriHn and Maltesti fi Itt rsguliU'tj the ?^i^ti cif tbo 1st 
|Wrt. sing, ^ 

3 Bo in Hebrew, uid in tho 3rd pera, «iik|*. tuid plur. uid the 
Ut pera. plur^ in Ae^yriiLu^ In Ethiopia it ift t* 

' Bat ^i'j^, i&c.. are used. 





^^^^ US THE BPOKEN ARABIC Of* EQTFT ^H 


^^^^^B EUUHK. — ^^H 


^^^^^^1 rabnn pMge \ Kihid foaJh4 ^^^^ 


^^^^^^r (lihini 1 dahash ittadcn ^^^| 


^^H tinkfl a or i: ni'ia no»L>iiDim]lj niiLkes aa^BA ; inhAr, zlhfr appear ^^H 


^^H (2) TUliso whcdu liiiu] ladlcnJ ib ^\ 4^i ' , /, or ^ except ;— ^^^| 


^^H (a) daJft' neiffdZtf 


hliitrik' ^^^P 


^^^^H nbA* inA 




^^^^^P fol^ f^ fwon^MJ 


^^^^^^ sLaUih rpsmnble 


qftoa^ co!i£«ni ^^H 


^^H wlkiali take i, luukinx iidU'* ^Cr-* ^^^| 


^^^^ (/r) luiTflqJt it liQktfnai J BhftrH.1cb 8[^it ^^^| 


^^^^^B bHHUj SpU 


ahaiuq hfin^ ^^^H 


^^^^^H t&bnkL '^>r>4) 


qjLTiiq lirattict teU ^^^M 


^^^^^H tvoq itnoofc 


tidit ^^M 


^^^^^1 dakq iipLfZ 


kluumq ihroft/n ^^^M 


^^^^^1 nuaq provifU/or 


Buahoq fijrfiitnfit ^^^M 


^^^^^M ntnq r^ip MMff 


BuAakh put! Jitmi ih« ^^H 


^^^^^M mdjiq Ah true 


ffrkft ^^^P 


^^^^^P »a]&q fo*' 


n&fakJi i'low ^^H 


^ fomkh e-ry 


^^1 


^^^^^^ which tftkti \i, mukiiig tihmq, abzuq, ^. ^^^H 


^^^^^P Brvarb, — Fakah ^f fniil takcfi n otr f. ^^H 


^^^^^^ f3) A numbi^ of words neEirLy all intmuttivo or nmitor nnd ^^H 


^^H of tho form ^nA- or ^rrrruA^* or both, aim! Hzprc^ng motstly ^^H 


^^H inentnl or pHy^ioJit qimlitikw irr ooriilitioEis. Tlio t'olluwiiii^ is n ^^H 


^^H iLOArly L''ji]i|i]^t« Irat gf thia uLa££, vtii^luaive of tbotso ifliioh fall ^^H 


^^H tinder f 1 ) wnd (3) :^ ^^^P 


^H bUid ^ riui/ 


birid ^ c^dd ^^^P 


^^H liUigh lywA tviturUi/ 


f iikhuQ jT^f /'fi^it ^^H 


^m (y^«ehy 


tilim Unnttfdt ^^H 


^^H bikhil ^ tfftn^y 


/ifufrf ^H 


^H (Iftkhai) 


luijid, tdqil A? A<nvff ^^H 


^^B ^ QihEuib nmrvi fif an ^ffptvf Uid likfft'l <fir may be ftddvd te ^^^| 


^^^P titu JUt of vienjil^iJif but tb»y vumtly WUrn^ Ui Hms ocilLcir[ubJ ^^H 


^^^H IftfUAJt^ ^^^P 


^^H ^ BiHk ajLci buruk corrovpotid to borlk (f&'ilu) iwo4 bonik ^^| 


^^H {Villa) nf thi> lib.«iury Lu^nAtfCL Uirik aiao roprMeaM fiL*id^ ^^| 


^^^^^^ jiA miKik |lii4^mr,v rmMka), fto: ^^^^^H 


^^^^^L ^ But yihlugh fftunh4a A# ai'mw Au rUhm, ^^^^^| 



^^^^^^^^'"^^'^^^^^^^H ^^^^^^1 


^^^^ THE SIMPLE PI:R7KCT VKRB TlH ^H 


^^H 'lUAir (junior, ^ar /mf 


Milk I'^htav^ I'vU ^^^^^M 


^H limhy 


^^^^^H 


^^^M |iinuh, ^risfa hfronu titaf 


Quduf rhanm ^^^^^M 


^^H ^juh I'ttn fitea^ 


ftigbur fj^innf 9fi\/iB ^^^M 


^^ giil fg»U) tc -fey. ^y 


(flbalut) ^H 


^^H ghifi) '^0^ 


Fibimit Ej^jif/ ^^H 


^^H f2bi];(fgiiu]it( err 


Abidifl Ifaih^in th« t^tn ^^H 


'u^il U' inicrrui'M ^^H 


^^H ghiiniiu pai/itjiHe 


'tinig' /« Japia ^^H 


^H (tfliirim) 


'iliEQ kf'tr ^^H 


^^1 ^^ixnid, ^ ftocd 


*iri<j ba tfiiiiii, f"t>ati ^^M 


^^H ItliumuJ 


'iniirj'Limur) hn iTiSafntcei ^^^ 


^^H huivL jltx 


'i^ f'n>7mt^ ir^ftrm ^^H 


^^M hiirun fhf reatitm 


'llqlll />'. />^«w, H^ ^^H 


^^M hilim U patient ; 


'inf /,n'jK ^^^^H 


^^M dra^m 


4 tar ^fumE/ff ^^^^H 


^^M hidn b€ aad 


'i^ 'iitun i^r^r^ ^^^^H 


^H bi^, hudiir, beevidmS, 


*i^h/utii4li le fhirttjf ^^^^H 


^^M hn^jju- appmr 


(faragb)l3rightp nnpiy ^^^^^| 


^^1 hftfitd, hafiU rr/ii;r( m t^rufV 


fidiJ r^mam ^^^^^^H 


^^H m ind 


f'realifagt ^^^^^ 


^^1 Ijimid, ivojm* Mur 


fiUr £« fe'^tfi ^^^^^1 


^^M btunnd 


fitiah chok^ ^^^^^1 


^^H bf^V^l lyxjrfien 


i|irib> qurub i/»air ntar ^^^^^H 


^^H rli t^ iririier 


i]]abil, /f^rrmu teut- ^^^^H 


^^U dirik (damk) fimrr^ df 


qushul puj>f ^^H 


^^H Ml iLf unify 


qidir ^ cJtlt ^^H 


^^H Hriiiil[iir have \tfilithai- 


qi^r, qu^iL] ^'^, gelt 9Jtt<ti ^^^^^^ 


^^H rimid) mia 


qadtun, Z^rorju eld ^^^^H 


^^H riigbab' j^rd 


^^^^^H 


^^^ rikliif, jft ^ftoop 


ffrmff 0f^, ^^^^H 


^^H rukbu^ 


ir^<F ujf ^^^^H 


^^H lUftli fontifm^^ Ifwf 


kahr T^f^, &e 'fi'a- ^^H 


^^M fltein y^/a< 


oMt^iril ^^^^^H 


^^H i^£m ff Ki/s 


kimU hfi/niKAoi ^^^^H 


^^H tdkluD, 7«tf W 


kidl. kusul /;^ /oT^ ^^^^H 


^^H ftukliun 


kutnir, kitir tn^'^^tim ^^^^^| 


^^H 1 Alao a^ir. Tb^ forma hi 


toKckets tre leE« qsm] tbui tbe ^^H 


^H Dbhen. 


^^H 


^^H * Also arghiU 


^^^^1 


^^K^ ' 'Arag, yi'rug i« more usua, 


^^^1 



^^^^H^^^^^B 


^ 120 THK SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT ^H 


^^H khuluq bcjinuhed,cjtd 


kbiflir. 


U JtpoiUt ^Cfe ^^M 


^^H (kIuJ»9, 


kiiiiKiir 


^^H 


^H khilif) 


khiinif 


dru'fl, hfi im^ ^^M 


^^H khimir feai^sn, fei-m^f 




pmTM ^^1 


^^H (khumui, 




(intalloct) ^H 


^^H kb^inai') 


lisHim 


&? n^^rr^^an/ ^^| 


^^H Ichiilil be wary 


libid 


lit TIF tmtit /or ^^1 


^^M khigil he <Uh4m^ 


cidif 


b« tloan ^^H 


^^ft^^ kburQ». bede^faitd 


nidi 111 


T'mV^ ^^1 


^^^^^^ khii'lQ dumb 




■ 


^ To the Jklx>vc list must be add^ tbe FuHovrin^ vfrlifi, wKicEi, ^^| 


^^H hnvin^ a f^orrcflpAndlng active form, m^y lie 


r^gnnl^d as pur*- ^^H 


^^H |)aif)iv^ ^ : — 


^^1 


^^^^^_^ bOif he destTfi*^ty pfrish 


(act. tftlftf ) ^H 


^^^^^^M ghirlih, ghndiib he v&£fd, tuik 


( „ gluLdah) ^B 




( „ ^hiilab) ^H 


( .. b^i^)' ^1 


^^^^^H himid he ^laitatedt uvrrie'? 


( ,. baatBd)* ^H 


^^^^^H bfi proved 


„ Mbilt) ^H 


^^^^^M Bikiu he inhabited 


„ »Jian) ^H 


^^^^^M takjT hfi Trwd<\ ^ drunJ: 


. „ sakar) ^H 


^^^^^H 'ii1im be dejitmijed 


„ 'sidam) ^H 


^^^^^H flqir he ma'Uj geitpO(T/r 


( 1. H"^) ^H 


^^^^^H ^i^^^i qo^^u^ Ad »tun^ 


1 „ qjLMif} ^H 


^^^^^H qirif. qurof h^ duipieted. hrrcd 


,. q^O ^H 


^^^^^1 qunim' he diviiif4. allattmi 


„ qamm) ^H 


^^^^^H mirid he tnadf, g^t^ ifl 


( ,, mimxd) ^H 


^^^^^B niahif he drud, Ttf £^r^ 


( „ n&sbof. ^^H 


^^^^^P 


rutrly Uftcd J ^^| 


^ iiili?* naqoQ he lamsnat. gmta /fw 


.. [tAqiif)« ^^ 


^^^^^ 'I Pure (iiLAsivaK. beoauAc tbe; ore derivHrl 


directt; from tbn ^^| 


^^^^^^ Hflii^e withnut any eiternnl (*bnj>ge, Cairene Arnbic rf-jiomM&g ^^^ 


^^H H^'brvw ia iU dktikl^ nnrj spar« ueoi^c of tbtn^e firrmn, Mf^nr | 


^^H of tbe abovA al&u h^t-l nf? dotiM i)n;;iMi11y aq 


n^tivi^ fonii, which 1 


^^H has auvf been ^tipplantail b/ Lb^ lir^t ilerived furm lurmk. ^^J 


^^H * A^ bunmli] bt 1 ^it^kjA- 


^1 


^^B * MamUx Ui tho eJj>rr-3.-vii:>u qiiHUiijilH il qiHiiiji ^/ mutfaSnL ^^H 


^■^ qiti] ^ ib7f^. 


i 



THE SIMPLE PERFECT VERB 



1^1 



(t:rpUtiiKi hy th" fnct LliiiL tljf* iivtivi.* vovh mu^b ttikd i or u in the 
ncriat, so oa rot to ho identiaJ in tliat teiia? rtitli thi* piissivft 
forui, ofi in tho cue of itn'uf* rauuj. sohal, ^u^iul, fiiniLkJi, tmd 
qiiliiir, which liare pa.s,*iToa, ili'if, riuq (or ruiuq), aihil, 4i*id, 
finilch, quhiir, niiiklng jir^iif, iltxu'^Ih ^c.^ in bhei oori^b. 

REU4BE A. — Apart from th« worda iHKiDtioa^d nbore, the 
pnrp ^hfc&aive is raivjlv tmod converPatioiuJJy, evoiii b\ tho odu- 
raterl, iti tli9 pJLAt tease*' thoiigh it ia beiu-d uow »tid fl^jbia in 
the aori»ft ui thb form jibriik (litemry >ubrak) ; and It may 
happen Ihfti nn activi? verli forming tbe iiorist in d will b« 
identical in that ti^use with tbo active, eia il luilom du ma 

(4) The FoUowing tr&aaitive verba:— 



^ATftb 


jiiriJc^ 


ftbirib 


drink 


dumiin 


gv^iraniee 


qibil 


*w«^ 


hiblit 


ctjrif^if^e 


Ens&r 


hnak 


rikib 


ridift drive 


kuBub 


ffain 


|akha( 


fttm to nfftne 


klmVtf 


maifh 



J 142. Tbe foUowing verbs iJtke u m tbo ttbio&d sj^lLible;— 
I) Thoaa whoee aecund mUical 19 F, ^, f, v^, or kh, except : — 



kba^RUB 



{v) Tbei f«w wbicli take a {% Ml). 
(/j) Tb'' following trliich biki* »:— 






Ittkhftin 



fl*n/>arMM 



(3) Tbow whoM finftl radic&l u fi o'l ^i Ot^ t, except: — 
fa) The few wbioh tolcd a, 
(^) Tho following which tak« 1 .- — 






Ikinkf Cmcjins 

annoy 

deny 

BncAKK.— 2abfU', ziblr appear^ 'nnul erhi^it, ^A»ar ^jufic* ovt» 
flUUcl imj^fuf. f/n'^ f/7i. fiaukin, ;/u^ t'n ^yn^r^r, take frltbi^r u or ^- 



faknr 
qah*r * 



' QutU (fill iiiqbtAl)&Ddn fow otberv mftj perbftpa be «xoopi«il. 
3 Mentioned above (g Ul, I a). 





5^ 




^K^-^-B^ 


^■~ 133 THE SPOKFN AIL^BIO OF EGTIT ^H 


^^^^B (3) The following r — 


■ 


^V hmd Jtla 


«nniLb^ 


^H 


^^H UiljLf ertort 


iwdrvb 


crit^ifi/t ioriur^ ^^H 


^^H Uiium ftrist 


*-harafl 


run atpatf ^^H 


^^H 1 w in prf:^9cl 


uKariJtLi ^ 


H^fJT ^^1 


^^H liii^ivj^ ^f'^ 


*Mng 


/l^ /nTA«, flM/J ^^1 


^^H Hjjjkh pigrfVi 


*AhAd 


tpiirtthip ^^1 


^^H tunik ie<w6 


■at[ji'i 


^^^H 


^^U tnlAb <{em(Vki 


fiirjik 


^^^^^1 


^^H labokb ' aiok 


fhram 


^^^^^^H 


^^^M ^HrH.'I t'rftfil 


qanu 


^^^H 


^^1 gtiatiag /'f^ Afy 


qft*ttd' 


^^^H 


^^1 hara^ £/bctr^ 


kharag' 


^^H 


^^H itanim Aertvue 


kharam 


pitrrc, bon ^^^t 


^^H hnhnm v^(fi 


lakam 


ttriitt ^^M 


^^H dora^ irv/eri 




fienilt/ ^^M 


^^1 dama^h /^rand 


IctqaTa 


i'filf\ (tt haiJ, ^^1 


^^H iluuiiJc ror/iprem 




■ 


^^U dttkbal enfir 


znAlnkh* 


j^all /rtmi iU ^^H 


^^U rnqod /{f , /j^ ll/ 




eockrft ^^H 


^^H tiu:|a^ t/a/U'C 


itjidchk 


fniH^tMi ^^H 


^^H ui^haJ p7i^h 


riJikliHl 


^^1 


^^H fiiibnk 'Vijr^ /<^a>/ 


ii&lchiis 


pnrk, OTttUfJ/- ^^1 


^^H «^kki </'W^ 


UIL<Ji|.f 


etrifsff ^^H 


^^H oikib tie titeni 


nufnkU* 


fJw ^^H 


^^H A&DQftl tHthgfttmd, CT^ 


lukiit 


ehnn/je cnr'* ^^^t 


^^^L^^ ^/urt 




^^^M 


^^^^^T BEMUiH. — 'AlMid A-dd %q»(l mnke aim &*bid &ud ft'qid. ^^| 


^^F ^ 143. AU other p1^^fect Strong verba take 


i in tlie fteojiii] ^^H 


^^H eyiL&ble ot tlitt uorist^ hiirl iu-t3 asiiuMy tnui^tiviW of the* fnnn ^^H 


^^H tuLiuk, n«vef of the form burulc. 


■ 


^^^^L > Mentioned nbove (^ Ul, 2 h\ 


H 


^^^^M 


^^^^^V ^ But khu-t^ vikhri^ dtJiUL 


^^^^H 


^^^^B • Bleaimned abovo ij^ 141, 2 ^J. 


J 



THE SIMPLE PERFECT VERB 



isa 





VOCABUIACY 




taqftwl 


*"■'/** 


iniitfftkli 


A^ffmv 


ff|h» 


fftf 5th Coptif 


MknjA 


tn#fom 




tnonth 


kurif 


iteoanter 


knital>^ 


to/a 


'niva 


ttitsane, iGiMm 


hA<fle bukm 


Ih* da^ qfUf 


AqQm 


TgpJ vp 




r^norrotf 


habu 


hf impriJuMAd 


Jdinlrtt 


rwif* 


hamq 


ht Aurnfd 


fthuxV 


•-oTiffititfri 


fihatittt 


Ae htg^ed 


Rubb 


Lt^rd 


khi^ 


he rtot iflfXl 


ntmiid&n 


fhe 9ih Mo- 


wairliU 


thoi^ mfi 




hamm-editn 


sinii' 


he heard 




numih 


mbftf 


lutM 


illitm 


^rt'rtd 


tiJcliitd 


»he, itj takg$f 


IjiHyn 


tlory 




f/rteh^t 


fftbm 


^ftal^ cotUa 


jUcol 


he falf 




tnth 


ye<iai (jiqfil) 


he saif* 


iT'trg 


IbKbad 


htt. Of 


goniR (nr 


h^n 


M hddd 


uniiit Tfp to 


garoEf) 




kulle ma 


ail thatt vAtfT*- 


wimiin 


time 


(kullii ma 


a»r 


mfitbnkh 


kitchen, 


bi I hiL4^q 


trvly 


tal« 


kc 








EXERf 


JTSE 27 





viL]iHijH'adt.43^Al&kui'jilk. Lt^b jirbiL^u rigli'ii il khiHiii] i Jjunnu 
loF^odi^^t 7itla.*UTn hium ti g ^i^f yiftrLhuci slmTTiiLSlhimi Enhaan 
tftkbudbum iih ehikma- Ta^taf ia oi^u kim ^iilwu^tif ocil i^'ud 
(utA aq^virl) kull« 3^^m aa'tCn £ I txlA t bJitAnlyB, u bn^t'o a\io,' - 
iiq'tid fl I ^a I r&qiuLlytt li hadd iil ijuhr. lutf yd hurm^ dankbti J 
wiilftd vIa f fughaiytf Jfihi^ n bltttc d1 tiahbih nbf])iji. II ui&tb 
tufbiikh li giiihii vi nUaitiL lah ehugle yibblap ba*d« bukr&. 
L&h, yq biuL, tuq'uJt kuUe yom bio&f 11 gEh^nm btibUilok 
qiidmiti. llLi yiaraq il bfida yiatw} U farkha,* Ijunnui ti^tftr 
*&Ia hfflu kiiwviyi^ iridini khidKT. Jill yAknl kuwaiyis yujn&u □ 
yitkhon. II mutiliin yif^ar fi ntmad&n *iUii '^ \ ma^brib^ Tnivib ! 
nn&qbAl Uh ihar^ dft. 11 hidOm tinaW fi ab ebtmui. Tifd^l 



1 Wbea the penolb 18 accented. 

'^ We iaofteDoniittcJbetTrcontwoYcrbe. (Bee Syntax, J 572.) 

* Tba interrogative^ is ofteri i^izsd at tbu ern] of ^o lentftnee 

• Proverb, * of. 



lU 



THE SPOKEN* ARABIC OF KGTPT 



yi^buUmiD, nii vUbor G I Icl ju^tirl £ u nuhnr. }suiiiA^4u 
quBfitnl fi (»M'1. II wltJld ^ii-kjiLu Kiulr wi r rigL:it:i yL-tciilii^ 
bltr^'l. LammiL tik^ir kubbjiyit wallii. fajlfrn li t hot 1)Jia9 idHini 
kliubaj- *aabdii a*ruf. LixmiDa } wlhttl yi'^^ fttqU : ^* il lioKiLilu 
L lU Rabbu 1 'ilMQlcL" II bet cJa sikin 'aronuuVLl wjiUifc W * 
Kulltmii yiltilliiitb.t rflgil tugliiiu^- Suqt.'t niiu '.il biunir v^ 
kAsnrit rigliha. LamniA yigi 1 klimtdAm ^i^niq 'ain 1 hLb iu)Aiii 
diighri w albis. Laaim tifiiq U kiiTnoiyJaiu, Mxn on 'iriftu I 
l^ikAya dil Mvub l^im tinkim 1 li&qiqn.. II ui.if^rikln hilku 
min II gii'- LAmoiJi cnii'u^ t ;;ai^£ tiU'im Iiattu we fatul^uii I 
bab. Kh&ffe lAkin 'aqbi kbtiniF min BhirMit il ^aiya. 

£XERC£SE 3J^ 

She aab in a obair la tbe kibcKeD. WLeii you ^-oya up you 
will }tath bu lik»^ y»iir inotlnr, Th>*y went ovit nf tbt' bouj*** at 
ten mirmtGS to two, and wiil rotura in jlu hour's tirueJ The 
^irl sDutcbod tbo stick out tjf^ bur brother's hand. At^ wbkt 
time did you breukfa^at yestxirday ? She^ denii-s tirerythin^, 
Wlnsu th(* womHn ftbi'iek a.ud the man firo * off their guiu*, the 
tobberfl run awiiy, Wh*D you blow with the bellows the fire 
oatoboa^ tho roala. The aun bumfi the graaa. When th« bell 
linga* you iiiufit <jpBD the door. 6be hhul the iloor in my fji-cu. 
Tho auri lis^'s nt 4.20, He is & man (who) beps in tbf fltri»i>t. 
Do Tou kirifiw biro, my dftiigbf-ert (H**) "lio is smi t*vljiy, 
lauphs tomorrow. Thefit* kniveu have bocoroe old nitd blunt. 
Whii wa« uiistakeD, you or I i It gets Ajf b liFtvr a time. You 
nin«r 'Iriiik t!»pi wim* to-dny^ or it will go sour, Shnw mo thii 
miLii who witii^Bsoa truly. If yoLi m by^ tha win/Jow you wiJI 
ontrJi cold. Whoii tho jad^cfl give s^ntencp, every one jftatH^j 
theii' wiad'Hii. When you writp to mt* I will wrik' to yoij. Put 
Ow luiri.f^f ill tbfl ittt-fhtst,^ that it niAy gpt *."old uml liiirl. Wo 
buii^ brok^u -A dwantor &Dd two ^Iel^s^b. Wbn wUl ^norftcitoi* 
you? The wii-tcr bu4 pot topid i (it) will pet loM Aoi^n.* Bbi* 
IftU^hrnl lit ^'^ lum ttud Tii-a &way. A*^ good ou'ptuti^r f:;»im6 rtoery 
ilttv J-wnnr,y la- twfttty-livfl pifLStros. Th<» ('hUdren i-emain in tin* 
houdu aluuo. Tho di««>a6^ wilt b'K^me t^hrouic with hru, Voa 
(pinr.) mutt »ovr your tfcedfl in September. 



' 4^mb. * mieik fi. * i^nJ^ 

^ p^Qb, " Tnuii. |A« bur o/ (buti') iht iot. 

" 1m*de iUiuwi^'A. 1* ■*]», )( IV&nj. fA«, 



THE IWPERATTVE 



135 



THE IMPERATrVE 

§ 144- We may ftiriu ibe imp&j'ative from the aorlat bj 
<ljTippir*g the iiiir.iftl f of the iad p«rs., thua; — 



iiirab 

(idjubam) 



ntyifit 



uuailc 


t-eti* 


imeikH 




irtiud 


tit dovn 


iKj'uifl 


jtit 



With the uogatavo, however, ikDd the particle tiHAt the t is 

HsMAKK. — A wist] or cciinujam! huTin^ rerereiiu^ t^i tiie Irit 
or ^i*d pei-a. is expressed hy lh& oorist, or hy the verb khaJIt 
Jff follow^ by the oorist. ne ni^rob Ul tw «lrifcp, kliuJItnl (wlrab 
{o[ kbulliii &iirti.l>), khallthuui ;>idrabil let ttu, thcin. elrih-r. Note 
LhiTn kbulh ri'maipH. im a. rule, in the Mn^ulaj- evKn when aevwtal 
p^pLe arfi iidilr^Bsod, It mity be used with u D^ut^r or paraive 
verb ikfl well <i£ an uctive one, as khalJi ylakhiui il hiurLmAm t^ 

% \A^. The UDfitiit^hed prnaent is expresseii by tha jLoriat. 
with the jjyUrtblp '"■ (or Wj pt^fiiwl to th« prwEormjitivea. Tlw 
vowd diA&ppi'nj-s before tbi» <i of tbct lat pcTBou, 



1st pffiv. badnb 

9&d pflra. betidr&b 
3rd para, beyidrab 



FEU, 

bftdrab 

betidrtkbl 

betidrab 



I Cth ttrilci-ng 
ihtju art atriJcttfj 



PLlTftXL FOB BOTU iJEK^DSAS 

boniih*&t» w>e ar^ striking 

batJdiiibCL (botkdr&biun) j/i'tj urEs stHiciti^ 

boyiJiabQ (b(iyidrBbmti ) tUi^ art strilnng 

KKit4NC a.^Beyi la sora&umM coiitraxiteU to bi in thu 3rct 
pm'fi- phirjkl. 

KcuAiLE b. — The aylJable fttf (rTti) ii eojuctimeA livAfd foi* 6« 
(AiJ ill ti:e l(4t pB^^. pluraJ, uri ini^iailnib fur beiiitimb- 

KEtftnE e. — The mtaDsiv^ udjctctive 'unLniii) (lit. doi^ /re- 
tfuently). tiom the verb 'asnal to do^ oocufiiomdly precedes the 
«bov« iarm or that of the lujrist it.»i?)f. It E^:^^es ^tb the 
subjecli itL ^imuheT &Qd gpiiiler, oa &iu 'ammAl Iwlnb (or MLrub) 



bM g i^u 



IM 



THE aPOKKN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



I aiatn the habit of ^tHking^ot Hiiri|>Ly f tan ^rikingtiJiiX 'ammiU 
b«tiJrnb1 (or ti-lrabl), buainia *Aniimll[n bpyidrftbd.^ 

RsKARK d. — The vmSnifiki^J pres^Dt nuiy uleo be cxprMaed 
bv the ftctiv^ jiartifiple with tho HubatAiiLiv« verb andn'sCood) 
<Lfl UW d£]'ib. hi^iL diLihik, tkua diLrbln / am^ the u, ivp ar^, striking.' 

^ \4&^ Tho unHQiaLfid past {imperfM^) ia o^reasiid by mean^ 
of the iLtudlLuy VM-h kiu to he iu tlie past teow, folluwBd b; tl^ii^ 



let pern, hunte bftdPOib 



FEU. 

kuaW biL<lr&b 



Zry\ perii. k^u bvjidiikh kAoit ^n^iiilnib 

PLT7ILU, VOB BOTH OC^DKBe 

iHb pcrs. Icunrm beniclrab 
Sud perfl. Icuntil (iim) botulrubtt (-um) 
3rd p«rfi. kiafL be^iJiabQ (-um) 
or with ^btumil, kuutu *ainuiy buirab, &c< 

§ 147. TUe ^iabed pii4t gr pluperfi^t b cxpreaaed by kAn 
fallowed bj tbe past teobc of t]i<^ vprb, ria kmiie dbJiibt / hod 
rfru&t, Ifun darub ht hmi ^ti'ttrk^ Iciiuun. liiirubim, Ac. 

5 H6. The unfioiialiBd Tutuii^ is osi>Tee«orl by tbe iwHat of 
tlie verb kAn {oUciwed by the unfTniahed pieaeut, thuji , — 

itAflo, rxu. 

1st pert- JikuEj bjiibub ukun bodrab f shall lie Urtkiriij 

3rhd pi-'ra. ti^kiin betidi^b tekHnl b^ttilrjibl 

3nJ pera- jokun beyidnb tekun betidnib 

Plchal rcjH iirrrn Gekdeiui 
lat pi^'H. nokfin brniili»b 

3rd pvra, y^jkl^li bi^yiilj'abQ (uiiij 

RuuHK. — ^Thie ti<iiAe mnj nXeo b« cxprDSSed by ib« ixirut 
of kjlLii witij l]w wtWa (Artitiplo^ ns okua iJArlb, tekufv ■jiM'bA, 

ydtLiiJi'^ iJjU'l'ici /, fftr, ^^/fry n'j7i ^^ gtri^iTuj. 

^ It ia ill mcica froquuut uftit !a Up^K^ Egjrpi, vhvro it |ftt1l»- 
raUr 4).*pvura iu tb<^ ovntiictfxl form 'tumiui, vrilbout Hjan^ of 
gf ud(.*r ur iiuuibvi. 



THE PBESEJJT A^D FUTieE 



127 



g H&. ^h& ]j]iih1i«J futui'ij (future peHi^ct) b uooitHT^ol of 
tbo ftoiist of ktVn Fcllowed by tba past tense. Thus aJEun ^lambt 
/ tf^ia/^ ^j'^FV? stniekj tekOnl ikrabtd fA^u (h) viit haw JiracA, 

g t!56. The irvlefliiiti} futar»* iaoxpreaed: — 

(I) Simply hy the aoriBt. 

^2) Empbuticftlly by tbo aoiiat proeod^J by riyili (tho 
active participle oi rilb '^ f/'')- ugreeiug ftitb itie Aubjrct (u 
gender niid unmWr, ar by its indeclinable form mk • iji^ 

(3) By the aorlst vitb the pulicle /hi (AumutlmeB ^ro 
ELOOUt^ ha) prefixed ; i'.tj^ : — 



IffASO. 

lit {iera. rfiyili (rayh) ^ 
niji jidrftb, or hodrati 



Sod pirv. rflj-ib ti*1rob. 
nfy ti^L^&br or hutidr^b 

3rf ptTS, rfijili yir)™b, 
inl» yi<b*iih, or 

Ipoyidrvb 



PlOi. 

rayba (for 

rAyi^n) 

»dnib' 

rAL odrab, or 

Lt&drbb 
raytiw tiiirabt 

m}j tiii^'^b!, or 

n.yim Liib^b, 
mb tidmh, or 
ItotidnLb 



I wiU or am going to 



1st y^n, raybtn niilrub* rah DiiJiub, i;ir Iiu nidmb 
2ud pt^rs, i-ftjMtj tijijibti, r?iLi tiiljiilii^ oi UiLtidrftbtL 
5jiJ pt*rB, raybiii yiijiubd, rub jJdi-itbi'i, ni' bayiilrnbfl. 

REMAiiU a. — The |nket teiise of thif nuxUiniy foUowufl by tbo 

future iii<li?€iiit€ i^prcs3(.'3 tbut BouL-t.bLuj; wilh IT^i'^fC "J' about 
to take pliKi-s or iiiuaJy tiiHik pluie, n» kuitte lAyth (I'l^^l^' aJiiib, 
kuMto ("lib ftdj-abj or kiiiit*i hndriib, vtc,, / uwy (/oimj to •'trii.f^^ it-^ 
ktktx rayiii vflqa*, rah jOqa*, hnvrtqn' Ae ww* jjcar/fi/i^Hy. (Syjitut, 

Rkhask &- — ^JL m ihppemW tc thtr impemiivi! in thd tloiika; ^ 
boys' ci-y^ ^^^g&' i C''^- bti irga*)- 



^ Nol« bhal tb« ijitt'u of lh« iL'St syllable geueiAlly di;u|j 
pearBf so thnt mjlj, rAtj Jiilnih wtU lie prooouiLC^I rsji n^ |>iblra[] 



128 



THE SPOKEN ATtABTC OF EtiYPT 



ttuMABX L^ — Th^ iiiHopanflble i-iarticU ta conveys with tha 
uurbt au aatix or u throat,' i:^ w Alljlhl LiniLik fi dii-Liya by iJtjd f 
T tailt roi^ tfiee iniu lulircrniiif. 

g 151. Tho subjimctive imd s^cidlfid optative or jtotentuil 
uioods lire expruHs^ b^ mtran^ oF the juiriat und pust ttfnsM 
{S/ntttST,^ 494-&). TLo comb:iiAiiun of the pa-'tt tooae ut' Mu with 
the boriat of tlie vorb ia equIvzLleut iu tha apudosib of coudiiiuuid 
E^nteuceii tt) rJia Kn^lish leould huve, lls Ua. kunte aljui'tu kunt 
udruba 1/ I liad jseeti htin. I iPould have MrurJi htm- (Syabuc, 

^ 152. Tbe poii^iciplafi active And pa^aive are respectively il&rib 
atriX-inff nnd nuulrflb finuufe, whiph ara decltnad lite otdinarj 
fldjflfltivefi. 

VOCABULAKY 



mU 


properiyt 


akAa 


J sitall &ti 




riefing 


kuQua 


tW fffPTfl 


iiAm{^i4 


trtofquiUtet 


d&khkhfJ 


IiMjntt in 


waqt 


time 


El- 11 


A« ^r urttjrjf 


^lg>^ 


thiru/y riRj/- 


gflt 


I, j/ou. Cfinu 




S/itJi^ 


tilj' f^ 


he a»eftided 


'mU 


tlittJUtT 


toEtarit^ VIA' 


it mined 


ohi-tr 


boiriey 


^rit = 




huad 


acid 


qaf^ 


he shui, ciofpd 


baja' 


paint 


qable ma 


befi/rt ttmf. 


duub bOya 


he paintffd 


bidAnui 


iiuUad of 


li 




tnmalli 


oliM^ 


fvjin 


bahfr 


iu. (with 


if 


khipira 


J'^f'J 


puttenoe] 




(kLuf^u) 









EXKBOISE 39 

lletidrtil" ilkhM \^h T IjnimiftkrmTl bnvidrnbij 1 |>niiti)iif knnt* 
betirqiid w&Uu ]ix' 1 Hiva betiklirug kiiJle vum n au'ik tuf ii ba'd id 
duhr. 11 huiin botianiiui *alu sh ehi'tr, BetiiWk 'aUi nilnV Brwl 
^lak '&i£k. L^h I "asbin b<^tirkab ^ujiinak i^y illi Wyirk/ib duwil 
mara. Inttt }^ bitU, ktitti bti^rniJl (b Ei 1 girLrria belA'itr ^.'iiitrLrial 
<^b1o ma rigi^na k&r idi shuji^bJ^ khulu?^ KuDtu ^Liljtt^ lumma 
gil U hakdij ^'u1l4 liesftT KtJt^ua biiii-p^' wit Ilmhi fi s aikk;v. 
Kull^ ma sai'jikbiia Ijtin kAuil liivbbtitL»kutv Bjm bi^vt^uud min 
Ml abOb IniQEiia qahar]() 'al^h Iza gM is sA'a iritCri, iikiia litdtt 

' It iJi not r4r[7 ofti^n bnird ia th^ i^fxiken lAn^ujiffi. 
' Piinja iroHd, nvatf^r U uad«'4tooO. 



THE PRESI^NT AND yUTUEE 



JiH 



lnJ'nb bi 1 ki'iiii UiMii, weiAlcia i/A c^t ia M^n ftab'a ikkiku n^i-t 
'aU I bet' luta ii!iyi|i tukbnig ^mtal Aqk nJi ^k^bTiig is ha'u 
rba'ib u tilt. Hutomu ru^Mii yirkftbu nnabordo. vaUn W F Iji*, 
boas is eitW liatirlEjLb. i^Ju* min bir«- lejhi'abL mLiiya ntlit*, 
Ifcliilii dl bt^t WuEiUL tga' HUH. Khdltua piftih itib ^bibbak. Id 
ilakAkln fiiUilE^ bnki^ h fubh ' La', ija^n '&sliin U *\d. Fib 

k»ie. Kuona biii^kibb qohvii. K^iib betim^ur vi btir'id iri 
btibroq \U\ in riuhfir. 

EXERCISE 30 

Wbere^ were jonsittiusl Atwhat^ TriBflhelnu^jhiDgl I n^n 
uway From kiui wbuu 1 aavs Uinj |:«ttiD^diigry-^ lu EiigUiitt iha^y 
xised to h±ug tMevfid,* but iion^ thej irnprisort tb^m. The trHter 
lA getting loM vv^'rv da^ . Tb^v oovot hor ricbos. Kim va« 
piling upstciir^ * two ^tupts at a time. Thev were punting Urn 
Louse wb&n 1 cuait?. Tb«y will be Aittin^ in tJte kitclitn Imu^L- 
ing^ vith tbe cook tUl diuner-umc^* You will bure returEied, 
my daughter, before we go cut. AV'o bj-u Roin^ to bop (some) 
cigaaettes of* yi>u- The ncii will buiD Iho )AinL Vou will 
Tiire yourself. She ia goin^ 1^) uscrend the pyrAQiit1«. (It is) a 
pity ; sb<? wUH tt tired, {Im) the ]ad\ coQt^DtK.il with '^ hsr aer 
vnnle V Sbe (is) coot^Bte'i with cni: of thmo, but ihv othorB arv 
iilnaj£ gi-Httio^ druiJi. WJiJil (it? it) that makes tlii:^ui druok f 
Why were you sittiog ouT^irlf tphn door utAtimd of doing ^ your 
work T It la tfoing bo rain. Put tbe home in ih^ stable ; ho will 
;:f't oulil outside, Woah your bAiid,^ before you cook auytbin^. 
'\'\i'i horse wa3 running away. The baker cIoboi od Sunduy, but 
Lliy tobjici-cmist remains op^ii.^ Sliut the wirdowa imd opon tbi' 
doora, Tbo dock wafi Jitrikiii^ tw^ivowben we w^nt out I lun 
bflitif <itutt^ all day long by ''^ JiiosquitoeB, She waa ubout tit 
kuw:k »t the dotjT nlieu the ^rl opeu^ it. Will they turr^ain 
bere when their children return 1 l^et bar conii* in artd ert rhiwc- 
Wb/WAa sbe angry i Uecauae yoo (/.) ^buttb^ dtxii- in liia faccL. 
We were ^iug out when tbcj were ci>uiing iiw Yoxj were 
wnUng Qpstoira, aud your dinner wjis getLiug ixiM ilownntiUrK. 



Tho inteiTOgAtivoft ibcnild b« placed itt thu onri of tb« tetk- 

* lili* 'a£ iMLllun^ 
^ I'ktinH, the titn9 of tUmmr^ 

• AorioL 



fcoiwr*. 

* Ttbu^, 'Ae ihinvat. 
^ ruttnittLwi present 

* Act iiotiiiL-ip* 



LW 



THB SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



K 153. The Tcrb is rendered no^tiTy by tho pwtidi> tna fw^ 
hv'iut: pl't-t.-vii bofotv it, ihml sJi ikfter it in the form oF n suffixj m 
niK 'laruliah A/* r//rf nf*/ tti-ite. The vnwfll t fa ini^'rlvd h**tw«w» 
il Ktvl ft Vtii'b i;»HLav in a coDAoiiaiit, &:4 tilh djirabti?Ji y"i Jnf w*t 
rfirfVp^. TLe iiouju^tioD of tbe uoi^tivQ pm^ t^^n^n^ aud ilot'iH, 
fii3»r,l; wifpliijut, Kod SHcoudl)^ witii* the vorbail AuBsiM, la «« 
fallows ; — 

ma ihnilitisU 



MABC- 

lat pen!, ma dorBbtirsb 
2ud pers. mft durabtish 
3nl psTfl, ma d&TAbsh 






Pluiuii roit potii 

Ut pera. nta lUrubujldh 
2iid |>Krs. mh ihinibtQjih 

SlSrCLItAIL 

UAS(\ ri^M. 

iBt ^n. nin ■JtJitttfb mu dni^>^ 

Snd p«ra. mb tidcubsb mih tidiiil-Ti^h 

3td pen. na \itJmbHli iiin tiilmbob 

pLCfUL warn BUTii Gevdkhs 
Ut |rera> auj, mdr>b»ii 
3uij (iRi'S. ma tidrubiiah 
3cd pers. ma yidruU^oh 

1st pert.— Swfl«JLAii 

Du duiibt^li / dill noi stt ike him 



mA d&r&btibAMb 


n 


„ Ji^ 


wniL dju^btiihksb 


n 


rt //''^ (mnac.J 


iLiu iWikhtilcAh 


H 


„ ifitv (fuju,) 


ma <)tkr&btubiijiu>b 


t* 


„ f^y^n 


ma li&nbtukllab 


I* 


n ff"^ m 


SehI pRiit. niAw^ — 




1 


uijfc itiii-&btft«Ii tho^ difli/t net ttnkv him H 


Dill ditri\ttihLii\t 


fP 


If f"^ m 


Uiu dunkbtuilvb 


»l 


'PM ■ 


nut ■lombt.iiburiiHb 


n 


fAllH S 


lEiki <W-a.btLuJUb 


n 


„ *^ ^ 



•,.) 



Coiup^ M . . . jfO* iu Fniitli. (S«ae furtbur tfjiiux, J 5-H3 



THE NEGATIVE VERB 



131 



2nd pers fem. — 

ma dar&btUiBh 

ma liiLTtkbtthii^h 
ma darabtlnlBh 
ma darabttbumah 
tna darabttn&flli 

3rd pera. made. — 

ma darabUflh 
mu darabh&Bb 
ma darabaksh 
ma dtifabiksh 
ma darabulah 
tim. djuvbbiuuBb 
madanthkaab 
ma darabnAab 

3rd pere. fern. — 

ma dai^bitdah 
ma darabitbftsb 



thoH liidd itot strike Atnt 
«• >« *^ 

It ti "^« 

TI W 



fA» (ma«c>) 

iAe« (fern.) 
ma 



the did not strike him 



Flubal 
l8l pers, — 

loa liarabaabab 

Qia lianibnflbueb 

ma j^LE) J}iLfLkfiJi 

nia ilui'ubiidkish 

nka linriibDabumab 

ma dorabuakfiiiJi 
2nd p«r*, — 

ma darabtoliflh yoa riitf fio^ Btrikt him 

ma darabtthJuh, &c. ,, „ Aa'' 

3rd pen. — 

ma darabnbflb fA«y Jtrf not drilce hint 

ma darabnksb „ ,, M«e (maao-) 

madarvbQklri), ^. „ „ thee (imaJ) 



«0« ff iri nui Biriirt him 


tt 


i, fter 


tt 


„ thee (maAs.) 


n 


„ thm (foou) 


It 


„ thorn 


" 


t. i«W 



Singular 
Ist pers. — 

ma drabflsh / do, iriU, not ftriie kirn 

ma dnbhfiah „ „ her 

ma drabakoh „ „ thee (nutsi;.) 

mi^ drabiksbf ^. „ ,t thoe {fmn.) 

Snd pen. mar^ — 

ma tidnbfUh, kc. thou {m.) dott, wtU, md etrike him 



198 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



him 



3Dd pfir& fera. — - 

mil t]>iiM>ii1mh ihnti (f.) ,, ^^ 

ma titijubShueh. itc, „ „ ,, 

3rd pera — 

lua ^'idrabQftfa Ae r/w*, *iiif not itrifo* him 

me, yidrahhilfih. ic, „ », A<r 

K l^'l- TLo prupoiiitLL^ad Ik aiid bi witb tliotr suMiOB VMy 
intervonfTn a^i wall ua, i>i- in aililitiuji to> tb^ verboJ 0u£;t««i 
between tki^ verb und ihu u^^t.ivi^ hi^u «//« a« cna (ebokbili Iflsh 
/A^ did tiot /•ook/jr hwi. Dill ^bathitu lilsh rf/^c rfirf «e/ eootr it fixr 
himf daru^ bi I 'a-fst^a? \a.\ dul diirab bit^sb ditl he etrtke fctth the 
H^»f^i A'o, Jf« "iiti l"t ^fn'kt irt/f' il- But we uuxy also aaj ]ji» 
ijLbftkhitabP lub^ ma tiiHukhitQHb liiH^ nml rnn djmiltfibff bihiL, 

S I3ri. In tpbc irompjUEKl tuus^s the gh U gtMi^rn-Wy uttnahnii 
bo tbo aiixilUrj, as mtL kuiiDMb kbiii-a^iiji, but somctimea boib 
of the iki--^tive tyl^oA wtll. W ibe luku uf enipburila. ^coompttuy 
tbs prinfiprti verb, na kiiuaft ma khamfriiA^li (^ .'»41). 

g 1^6, In pruhibiciGur? tbu iiori^ U \is&d instead of tbe Im- 
pei^iibive, OTi ill obUor iTords, tlio ialiial t TCtipptaj-B, o.s am tid- 
rabfih, nm tulrabfiah (h rtuf etrititf. (Ste further 8yrit«.(» % 40L) 

3 157. Tba nsga.tivL' puipi<:leH na^y hImo bt^ jcined to tLis pnv 
noUAfl, wbotber in thoir I'tiU dr truuvtLted faroiHi n* ma bubh (or ma 
buw[Ub)7i'/ hr, ninliab, lan 'niidilah(ii u)not to me, rCTfA ^iwi, Lv, t 
hatK ''ff ^i"", fiot, ijiu "uuiriob sbuftu / nfi-^r mojhimin mj/ ^(A't nu* 
'ilm^ab (i^ '*) fiof ifl]'/ kftitwli'ii'j*. i,«, / rifj nof knotp. Tbay are 
vory comniotJy joined to tba mdaficita pronoun had'l "W, aw'^- 
b>/^, AA ma bibddiah durzib no anc tfrtf^f>-. At tbc pr'^poeitioa fl, 
with or witliLUit Uii^ Huiiii uf the tbiixl pin's, fiii^., in used Ln ^e 
Esnsa of ttfre It. BD uifL fiJi^b (di' mn fiiib) »i^TUl}i^a Hiir" m mrt. 

S I5&> MtibL or mi«b (c^ELbuciteJ frciit ma bfL^h, ma buwdtfb) 
inay be iiiW &a tbr jxorLst uf the iief{>^tive aubpLo-ribtvc verb of &ll 
nitmbeni and geudf^r, av blya* humma, lihia ? U'. tnuab hum 
U 'hi, art ttifift h'-f'^'/ No. the ix^ Ihtij <\re nt't, hf/r. It ftOTD*' 
tilDAA BOrvna Ut rt'^tive tb? VL<rb, as muaU kharafC barra, dakbal 
gflWK he hiJjn't ijoite ou/, fic titm fome tf. iimsb darabhu? livtn'l h* 
airtla.' h^T t Mu»b qultf Uk tij^-l ? ilidn t I ('•U y't fonmiel Muab 
tigl w&iy&aaV (/*t^'f y^^h ro'^'jf' inth ti4f Mtidb tUkutI tfirun'! ytm 
iteq^qaiet/ 

g ICI^. Ill Uit* fint of tbvubDV^ |ibiuftn« the va'bkbaEn« witii 
lU roiiipiftLDHni ii* In rhtilii.^v the jixibjctt tif thfl flub*ljintive rcrb 
\ind*n*'H>d, so that wo woiibi tnii^jilqto litemlly if ir mrf /A/if A* 
fivnl oui-* TU<? cinpbasia would be lost if we Bai\\ nut kliiuitf2i«h« 
Ihut^ In tbe otber iwiiU'UcvM tbeiv ifl LiTipliinJ a fiUTiiig Ldtof 

* We in^kt aiao a^y muttb Wianu kbiing. 



TUK :nkgative vkkb 



135 



or pij-fliLiLAiui^ UL th« niinfl of th^ «ppbker tbat it hott b«tra. urill 
be, or Abi>iilrl b^, ]tt<rf(>rmwL. 

^ 160. i-d is used for T7ja in th« word wiil«^ compoaed of wu 
( — wi, wo) atni and in nvi - ami the verb or other TvorJ f oUowin^ 
dof^fi uot ^eueifllly lakts the iic-gative enffii fi/i uui«6a tbn 
Lbivft witb tpbn fTunjunction mnv bo trAiislnt^l b/ tcUfttmt or 
'iiin*/ j/e/, the pri^riouB eenteticn bijiii^ an EUhi-matlFe ono, oa |il 
djikhJJtifib iv^a ilihfisK / tn-ithe^r t/v.r.f in nor iuiwe t/i't, but ifcim 
liftldulti vjXa biliih ikrif J verif In triihutU iiu kiummij} 

VOCABULARY 



Ui 


i^if^iii, numi'jr*/ 


Kh«r 


^V'^tfH, r//HT 


biljKrtlu 


btliittrti^^ 




r/lAH 




'lilimrd' 


yimki& 


if ui jtoaejbte 




ttttilv 




tf'oiy pot- 


ki« 


bcj. p'lrnf 




tUAj/ 


hikhll 


tttnffi/. 


E^y in nd« 


at 'iHsuhi'vld. 




liiHin^O'it 




ynri-&ri^ 


kuutui 


^«vefj 


&biftdfti> 


nf(vt\ ryrt ai aJi 


far&f 


/fKtwl 


miD f 11 


niff'Ticv. fttw 


(lar«- 


patf 


bf 7 jflr 


htj/ortui 


ElbLT 


EXER 


cisE ai 





n 6^ Hi iii.i ^l^h Kigii^ii uiu^li kuwoivEHu. VJtDkiji lU'k 
niflmahKb. Mu 'rtifil^^b Lh. kjITar viila i.^'niaii. Aii!t uul 'mffiftMb 
irmift hlviL ti'iufnl. Tji yLshmb wnJit yilkvil. Tiehrub wjili4 
tiUculnb. Likr^he-' ikhwa^ Ano. kulle t^h&bi' boiifik* [liU tubit 
giui^mt waljk ti'tuiJAbe ahvi^ljtk £^y in iiAs. MliiJuh'' il \tk)L-^ 
d1 f Ann mn 'uinrlah nimilit"' bAjni zi'-yi* df. Mn dUsIi Mnui 
k«IirikH ha'. VAliivanXi luui^b z^Ltr nbuit^LD. Ma kuut^ati bt^- 
tindubt ll'f UiiiiL uiuah lu^b^n Litrliiiat miDhuEu biit^i. Muvb 
knii ibjuik biuu qubl tit dubr? Mik bu^ luhiuuaho \va^. ili.vrt 
lUL«h rAvha '^\\\a' X^\ [n iiribfLr? Tani niJLrm rin. trinilUb hlU^i* 
tgy» dl. Mutfb nilciiu shuwAiviL [|ablo miiL tuq'uUf Mu'ikkHli" 
qiTvht'n'f Mu Hah ukbkha AiJik iikbtn Mii>h aim 111 kuaurt tl 
f Aiu^tii ; dit t iikgiJ ilH kjui beyidrub bAya li 1 b^t, bfiwti Hi 
kiuarhmn. Tl bikbtl iii?l yi^rifxhu fiilAi^ illn bi r sOr. Ibim mjt 
bimiiii^b 'uHla Evinoik n-iii bttkruib^ht^ EivJld& ^ln ktfd^, Liuiium 
tnii tuidaiub'dii' bii vu'iuf min <<ii loini^k ^auE4b^ Ma kiluitub-J 
^idrit lajuma )fih ablJliu- Ma IJrkaUnbL' hur^^n bt<>i'ru|E^ 

* See furtJihr SviiliiL 

* M& U (iiiilLttHl IE] viine ruvitm^tiiiicva (g 534}. 

* The piv^poftitioQ li u understood (j QSO 4). 



w 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF KGYPT 



EXERCISE 32 

Don't sit up after elbveu. ( Hi? i wUo gtxn to brd sarlj do** 
AOt rcipeot. The work will not b* firJnh«d hoforp tiimiint.^ 1 nni 
not goJM^ bo liuTD it, Uoean^t j'our nLother riieS BUf> diJ not 
dnnce ilI &IL Doa't ^Deeze just in front of me. It th^iuiJcrM 
nml 1ighU<tiPi]. but it iliil luit n«in. I Iulvh ntrt ttitt^ii or ilniiik 
all dhy Jf>r»p- Hr 'li*em/t pUy billianJa bt^ttifir thnti von. Won't 
^oii open the cl<for to himl Thorfr ia no bi'uiLd iti tphe houii*< 
Diitn'l any one Aeijte them T Wuii'bjou sibdciwr^ And ton |i quiet T 
flbp took her pnirif* from her po«tat. witliont her kmiw iiip. iJon't 
1^0 down to theiti. Uou't inBuItu tiiiiii^ wLobua nm. insulted j'tiU. 
Wh didn't hktKJ- hun when he camo. l>oii f. anittob ^t avuy frnm 
Ui«^ It dwfin't Fflio much in Cairo, Th^_\ v/ou't ev*"r gel dry, 
Dijn'tp listen to him, Ww sliall not- return i^ffire Fridity f v<?iLin^', 
1 neither won nor wfi* Lioiiten. 

J 161. The J«rivu^va vurba are eleveii in nuntbei'^ aqeI take 
the following form*": — 

I. — Bdrrik or bajrak, the latter wherfl \<ho doubletl or tlifl 
final mntfonajit is rmn of thf Ji^tteia f, ;;A, ^^ ^, i, f, |, ', if, A, 
and tht^ former iu oth^r c&»»l 

Hbmahk. — Hftirik fl^o^v ^f^cW aad flhu((li|rhil rAhM to teork 
ftflTU eiotptiortM Ui thu nbovt rule (Vnit shagl)i;lifll is vAf^t in i[flr)H 

g 162. ViM'iifl of thi< form ftre iimmllj- tianwiive. either lyiuKtt- 
tivB (where the primitivt* vH-b ia uitmnBitive) or IctAfiaivfl fwh<;n 
thn primitive v^rh ifi tJ^iisitivo), &« t[ii"ml ruu^ /^ nt, kbAmf 

td^nifieft ftitb^i' 'ff mnjif titl*' or in f^/tigi/t**r unrf-'afi. Rjidfbuj rofumt/^' 
tru^y iwlie/y, JuBtUK-ee of intJunaitiTa vorlu> of thiit form ai-k ■ 

£d tiifjpert/, *a11ln ^f ptdritL 

Bur*ftK a, — U i.crt Infraqiumtly hjipi>etiii th^t n V4*rh npp^iir- 
iofi in tliia form is not nflnJ as a oiiuplu trilifuml. ^>r khummin 
fWflk't*^; , 01 it toFty t»i' Jenonainittivft, uff- dtiriTi^i dimrlly froiw 
a nouu, whether of Arbbia or foi^i^u uri^'in, i^ dAlibiHh /fJrh 
rtt6£J«(dKh«h), bnniug^f umicr ryf/cn^-na^Mng ttfifvoCir)rtnbblD 
tfi mof (|iiJ>An).' 

BnuriK /;. — Sorae rprbft, looally Ue"U-in^ n. neuter sense, wv 
umh] both in the priniiUvt^und firat r|l^Hvrlll Furm wirhuutiujyditTir* 
Vf>««»oJ^iiiuuniiig,ivu in\\x\{Qt\*div\)'jetdtUl, 'ipt.{at*%^-R)tjet M. 

1 Tl^iiN. the Mtifi*i9f. 

* W^ Toiy r«av h'^biL^'hnfM cr ^bbinv hum, hut vr^ eautujt «ij 
l)fiUtii>u ill this ntUM. 

> Froiii ih« Itnliim t)iro(it:1i Tiirkittfa. 



THE FIRST DERH'&D FORM 



V9fi 



Ummahc r-. — A fow ikr« wwd both tr&tisLticely jukd iutrnTiBi- 
tlv*Iv, a* shwlitn hnrrff, qikirab ritm« op ftri'njr "'^ir, hn-trul rt/ffWu/i 

g 163. Tbo firet deriv&d foi-m ie cwDpi^Atecl m follfixra t— 
PAST TENSE 

SlNOULAH 

Iflt pera 1>JiiTikt, Imj-j-hJeI Ivii-rilft, Uurnkt 

%fA per& biurUit, burriLtt liairikitl, bjimikt.l 

Srd pere. bwrik, biuriik birrikii, \mJTiltit 

I'LDBAL FOH BOTH UtNDEttS 

1st \t^vA. bftrriknu. barntkna 
2»rl jM.^ri4 hfirriktt) (-udi)< barraktA ('um) 
3rd t>^i-a, barrlkO (uni), bairakn (nTn) 

A O R I 9 T 



lot per^ hhiLiTikt &bftn~Jik 
2[iil [H>i< (lUirrik.^ tilnt-r&k 

1»it per& iiibufTik^ nibaiTAk 
Slid |u<[-fi. tibnrr'ikn (-um), tiburrftlcA (-am) 
3ti] pers. ^ibiurtkiV lam). yibjiiTJikQ (-um) 



aborrik, uhturak 
tiWrrikf, ttbarrukl 



UXFINISHED PRESENT 



Ivt pen). 

3rd pnri». 



lat poiw. 



FEIC 

bnlufrik. fuibaj-iikk 
hitha.1 rik1» bithmrakt 
fcitbarrik, bitUurak 



bnbniTik, brtbamtk 
bitbuJTik,- bitbjimik 
hiyibjuTik, boyilmrrak 
(gi bibftrrik, ic). 

bmlHUTik. binboiTiik (or hiiirburrik, Jm*,) 
bitWirrikfi' (*m''/. bitbarmkfl (-m) (nr liitH^uir 
i-ikQ, A'.^) 
3nl |wr<t. bIbiLrrikfi (-m),* bIbjLrrtkfl (-ra) 

' Or tfibjiirik, and no ihrou^Kfiut. 

^ For biiii (tv) barrlk, ftc. 

' f.«. -um, Lh« 4' bbtn^ ^horU'fied wbea the m u addvd^ attd 

< Or iitJtontTBclttl hiyi (ye) b«rriktL, ^ 





^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^L^^^^^^^^^^*^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^! 


^H 1» THB SPOKEN^ ARABIC OF EGYPT ^^^H 


^^^H IMPEKATlViJ: ^^^1 


^^^^^^1 ^uig, nuLMif- biurik) Uniitk Fi>rti. bnJTikf, Viajmbi ^^^| 


^^^^^P Ptur. btLTtikn {-in), baimkd (-iel f ^^H 


^^H F&rticip,, 4ctivo und pa^a., irtoLiLrrik, melui-nLk (luiWiik, ^^H 


^^H mtibiLrr'Uc, &c.).^ ^^H 


^^H llEhfiUiK, — ^Th^ ^nirtinifile of this fonri id frAij^Lttjatlj uietl m ^^^| 


^^^1 H HubBtaDtiTr>, CLB Av^tlim ■•»« '/rh'f ietf^fieB, 9 rntuior. ^^^M 


^^^B VOCA.BULAEY ^| 


^ lutlim (uldrp'^'i 


ngg4* 7i>« ^cA, IV ^^H 


^^H qnbbil ^/o atuih 


turn ^^^H 


^^H khuhbiLr in/trntt 


'udb torttira ^^^t 


^^H ^ridlid fftnd (bi><>k9, 


kAd<lib 7Lf!« f^t? //d ^1^ ^^^1 


^H Ac) 


ka^Hil ■rroff loifi ^^^1 


^^^^^^ t'iUBa^ tnaHe trfi/f/it ilnkhkiL-iii 'int'h" ('biut- ^^^| 


^^^^^H vjifT^// (act.) 


Qoy. &0 } ^^H 


^^^^^^T f^AfHff 


ta"A»» tfVrf ^^M 


^^H L»atini1 ^ofjfi 


fjibhlm kJ'/'rr» ^^^| 


^^H farm^ 11b jr/r^^r e>r??r 


tJVEfiBh driim atitaff ^^^M 


^^H khaddiok 9wphy 


qashfibftr Aeff, pKi ^^H 


^^H f«9^L r'lf oaf (dolh, 


katti^' i';fcr?icw« j^oAiir ^^^| 


^H <^o 


^^^1 


^^H hnAaS tffr*fitf 


anllim 'nU /nfufo ^^H 


^^H Aflbbiir k^Bp tcaif<*t'j 


'atliTn /£tacA ^^H 


^^H gftbhiA ■ i/rvw ittinl. 


'alkinj ^i*\.t *iipi ^^H 


^^H AcjlV^rfi 


lu^na^iT itpht/Irtarnr ^^^M 


^^H MU^ ^Ev 


qumAfih 'fi^ ^^^| 


^^H fiunnti'l hardm 


bUitU pi-itA ^^H 


^H fflltlf frW 


gftnaynl ^ 7ar*^L-n«' ^^H 


^^H Icli&rrjhg ^j^ tjuf 


burnAml ml!''r of r/rrfur ^^^| 


^^^M fl^nir 7tJ^^^ r/i'^r 


imtU ^U*''''7idif^f^ ,U- ^^1 


^^^E khax^THi' iippti 


«mt ^H 


^^H {khnaahT) 


iU'>!n/ ^^H 


^^^1 daliiliikk Ttutkc iituijh 


)ii&ml& Jioad, i^ftrtian ^^^M 


^^H ^hiibbnp tltrtivduil 


■ 


^^H > Fcir thi- V4kiF«1 nf tlie fine «v11ftblfi, see jj 14 c. la Um ^^H 


^^^V li^niry lun^^in^iT tin* vowrl of fehii duBl «v1|ah|a i« d«Vtt}'« 1 ibtb« ^^^| 


^^^H Et^ 'till! n LM tha phd-. p&rticiE*Lc, ^^^| 


^^H tVuDi ^1i!« 'rv7i'(»^r4. ^^^1 


^^^^^^ ' dumi^tijiifA jifonouni-ed giin§n|. ^^^^^M 



THTC F-IRST PERIVKD PORM 



137 



KXER0T3E 33 

^bbiaa. BjikbhuT fuliii^ -n'^tlu i.i|tLbLiiI yota. 11 Fiirne bit<]iLkhkhmi 
kHtIr ; liVLiin itimiuliiiLfliih bukni. r^ iiibh. Ibdif ll ]c^ra wftti^^. 
mueh lindilfF H 1 kiUl. SnJliiu U 'hIl wiladak. Intt lU 'irilt il 
iiikijik, khiibbM'Til *nnlin. T^ijiL, ami hafiihibiiiibi laJ^ Yi 
bATAUot inta bitphammil huiudrAk htunliv qiMMo kedir tiqlU Uh f 
ti'&zxibi] Ir'bf yA gahiulrl Atlih ji'iuxibok zevfi tun 'luzibtu. 
HiLt Utia I inruTHqu 'asiulii Eia'ivllLiD ^alrha. KbnTiilimtish il bum- 
Wa 4fll ti bi:tiik? Y« ^miyiil ! iual tknttirdh il amiytk; tiLk 
tikbo^Ror il viarS. Ddbbbh ya wIajI ^aJu 1 banuA. U giLmiuAl 
kin riyih yibarrik gimtlu- KJuUll wfiliid uieuaggid yiuitgjjiil Una 
nitiitJibt^n. HlVfl rah titalliniik -iin G mii^'ulii, NkuiI i^ tJir-i- 
bcsA dl Diin *a* ^u^flb. Mti tkK[UTJij«'ilbaeh barra, \xi niU d51 
jrltio^S^^'J ^ kiilb. 

EXERC18E :i4 

Hurry up (pfur.); dnii't keep us waitiug. Why mo you 
driving tho0« nn^n avihy < The cat wila lookiik^ for her tcittaiiA 
«L] cloy lon^^ I luu K°^R ^ tcaob you Arabic. 1 don't get 
tirei coming domi^' \i\ii\t tirea mo b goinf: u^i.^ Ytni hnvo 
■tol^n my pem-il ; ^\\fi it Lack to au-^ Will >r>u l^ind me fiva 
tiouDdB? Tbe i-oiil isii^t [mv^k^. Tbt^ storv vill rohke you 
Luffb. Are you rmt irob^^' to tJkko tbe oliild tor & wulk? 1 
iluii't bt'liETve vdur nlnU'tueiit at ^\[^ I jlui j^iii^ tiu lAil ike 
iitiitr out mvsi'lf. WUt bmcb wp iu-R goinji: fo «how yiui nver 
tiM sbkbLuji. ^A'^lmt ia« vuu doin^, ^^L t 1 heu abulliEtg ptud, 

$364. ir^^BftHk-^ Vprbsi>5 thisfcrmilmote-— 
[a) Alt ntteiDpt nr «lriving ta pvrfr^rm tb« afTtioiL exprpinH 
by tb« priiiutive' ^'im-S. tu< ^bjilib v«'j'A' ^i? n'-^cnriK- 

{ir\ A luututd pm-foriuiEj^ of iJiut oL-tioa by bi>tli :$ubjmj'l ttud 
nbjflfl, as rfthiii M »iii/(f iiru- tint int?i tm^npff, rritiri'f. li\ tbi) 
IjiLTH^r flAii^e thi^ iQilii-f^it objivC oi th^ pruciiliire v&rh becomec 
tho direct objth^t *ti tbi^ ioi-oiid form, nt li'ibnl ( - li*ib wiuyilyml 
^ plaiji^i with f'f * Qtbi^ra \m\^ iul upp^ireiitlv priuiitivir neiute, 
tho simple uerb miL baiiig in «i^< r-r TiKving an i^'Utirely <lifr*>r»nt 



1 Tnwuj,^™ l/m tUrtvnt, 

' In ihe Foi-mef it KMut^tiiiihri rem&liia mdirtict, W alhiq 
waiyih (or aibtiu) A« rufv^ uni/j /xmi (fvwrf Aim), Lit. tn»t to jmu 



ise 



TITB 8P0KEN AlUBIC OT KHYPT 



S 165. The priucipd ti4iD»«B are ccinjii^it.4<d &o folloivff : — 

PAST TENSE 
BmauLAB 

1 Bt pers. tuLi-Lkt boriht 

3ril pere. birlk b:crLit ffot bai^ildt) 





let perd, MrikDU 
2nd pprn. LlriktG (-m) 
3rd ptH'B, Inutrt (-m) 




A.OBT6T 






SlIfOULUl 




]st porft, 
2rn.l ptTA. 


visa, 
nb&rik 

tibitrik > 
TibdriV 


ran* 
ftbftrik 

liltuj-kl 
Libdrik 



Pll-^il roh uoTii Oen[>iiiis 
iRt p^rn, niMHk 
2ud perrf- tiViurkA (-m) 
Srd JWT'H, jibsfkA (-m) 

IMPERATIVE 

Sing. nuAT. b&rik Ffm^ 1«rk1 

Plur, »wki1 (.iM) 
tibtiioifi., tbci. uid pftiw., iiji'l>ririk» niebarAk * .t 

RniiltH d- — It will be obwvn'rul thui, ttiH oniLJii;Tuti>)rn of tKit 
Form iiffrv^ in no wny from thiit of tbc lirbt, t^C"pt thai th« 

tb« mlflH of pninnrii?irition. 

Froiiu tiki* primitive v-oibf tbouj^'h flu- 'itiioi |>;(Hj> of tiiv latt^v 
lav not ill iivt '-n Ui-iu- «. dlQeirut mvjtuiitttt iu» iimUrUk Uof. 



^ Or tehknk, y^Unk, kc. 

' T)if» UUvr form ut voEiifitiiuci* iimxl m* n pAvdrv pw^riiila^ 



■« in Uir wriitpti 



TirK SECOND DRRIVED FOR^f 



139 



TOCiBUUlRY 



■ftrfk 


y^firre/ vitfr 


rlAfi* -nn 


rV^ 


■ftiif' 


hivif. ttttfrul 


eflmih 


jMirrim 


b4Hk rr 


Nh»m 


Sfl'lrt 


hsip 


bArikli 


tmrtfjrafHiat^ 


*fkuii1 


trMttfi/'at mtfi 


t/igir 


hein commncft 


'irirP 


eVpOW. 'urhiht 




inM'nrsa 


liAsib 


JMttfr aa-'fUnt;' 


a)i4rik 


iakv iu « part- 




mlA, ^^<fnrv. 




fttr 




loitkmit 


■AkiB 


fWTtOtt, itOKC 


}uUijE *ftU 


fooh after 


^blq 


rtvi* leiiii 


bitqOl 


Vou «ijf 


kbUif 


rrfj/nfte, '•on- 


flyit 


/«winf7 




Iritiiet 


muaill 


fyvfiotuihfe 


Attiwi 


iiinulti itajtif^/ 


mtidb'&rAckl 


haifj 




worth ifith 


gt^ty 


a ntmtirtf/ 


fjtfifl 


Ua^ one oir-w 


aibq» 


r'ii-6 


kbA&iq 


tpi<\rrd vn'iJi 


Ui'dvn 


afttmoanh 



EXERCIbE 3S 

Hmwh tulip yt-m bTuriknl. ThnA ra_vhla nef^AbiJhDm fi ) 
mnbH^ta- ZVn 1>|'EiT|^? 11 hnklm illf ^^11^1 lumrua kiitti- 
'luy'm 'iLmnftu*il hawn 111 rrjf*'a,lfu. Alliili ^ibirlk flk. Huwit 
bejitftpir wahdu? La' raoshflrik wjihul lAol wandb- Huwh 
hii^j^niivi? j^did ; mu^ nth tilWirik kii ? Toiujil]! lammA tkOh 
rATtri mit> hino, ji^ak-jflliii 1 wiljld .irj. II wfllfiiLvu diik-biiirim^ 
inb yisdinjii Ui'ii fi 1 t:-'\'y- ^n^M yn vf\iya\ lEiTm kmuuk 
tiLmhiiIu WJiriQ bi 1 Fu)A« 'aXn ti Hanqn. II binti dE tain&IH 
fnk)uLlfiiii1 fi 1 kninm KiLtifj WyiFihjitinf] hii'd qiiiidUm bLttm 
Jumim ^ib \sh nintviah u v^Edflihum it tuniii- lata niush raL 
Ivif^iqiii AbEidiiJi ^ Bttk}i»JU|i- 1 v'nWt 'in Uli yn biut ' (.>hjUibnii- 
buiri ti I kiVtt. f!itqfll ktLJij;(|Uh wi^ia kba^uii^Oh? Bftiuk ^ AIIhIj 
fl r rAgil il niLiab^irAiLl wnlii bTLnitc AllAli tl I nijiru 1 miiAb- 

EXERCISE U 

The biij'i wi'i© playing witb th"? girls. T will nipot yuu 
rmliiic)^ thtf fthnp, 1 dirlc't Strike hiin : X voa im\y d'lfenrUTi^' 
fnyii^lf. If V011 do tkiflT 1 dhtJl iiovi>r iHirilGn \ou- ^S'U^u tlo 
vou t/Vur.) Btirx f I laa at-fcrtiiig by* Uit* train wbtch leuvrs* 
ul2^6 ivM, They wwrtm't bnltiiuj^ u*; we Jid it bj ourjiolvws. 

> Urttor 'WTft-l. = For bitekh/iiiiqU 

^ Tat tbe 1100 of the (»«t tonw. doc § 473 c 



140 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OP EOYPT 



Your enemy Aacs not jilvava become' yoi" frifliifl boeouso you 
tr-ut him well. Timy tua uut gtjing to i^xliibit thtiir gotrds In 
the «iTu]nW4 of the ihopft. Spflnd the mrtnt*v iHit. of yimr 
pocket, un'i 1 will ^^''(.tjtj with you At'terwtinlfi^ Wbea tJiey 
muunOlcvl njy b'othi.T rpt^ojicilcd thorn- You ivtc rottponaiWo, 
:Md must^ louk utter i?^'erytUiiijf' 

^ IGO, ni,— Ibrnt * and ocuu*icinKlly{tk' literary form) iib™k- 

It ifl Aithi^T tr^LnKitkvtf, li^a.t-ing th^ tjntn' iD<?aiiiii^ as tuirrilc, 
ii« ikhbor tn/nrm (for tbo iaori> iiflxml kbiibbiwj, or iDtruositiTo 
(or neuter), n-ih hniau etf^fwr, hi^t^ islftin br.'tttxr n Mn^puhinin. 

FIemahk. — TJiui EuiJii ia of voi'^ rure occiin'CTixcti iu the spokfliL 
1 Li n^ II Age. 

^ IBT^ Tbe prL^it tonse in ei>nju|;iit^d oa in tb» otiier fomi^; 
thn oonst maki^A abrik, ti1>rik. tibnkl. ^ibrik, 6i*.\ i tk^ uiipnr}ttiv« 
is ibrik, df:., jiEui Lhe piu'tpiciplo mulirik. Diiluik. 

Reuauic rE. — Th^ pju-iioiple mi\y ^xlat \vhvr« the athef parts 
■if the V43rb iLrA not ia uai>. nfl mudhik ta*i^n-i Ui hiit'jh^ iawfhahl^. 
Those verbs of tluA fomj whnHe neiiao £Mitnit« of n piusiyc porti- 
liple deirivft i[; frnjiu thu 8itap1v virrb, h.^ jtlban h inrapfiiUd, jnuia. 
pui-t. tusJzQin, 

llEHAitH ^A — The w^^H oaimaq jiffvid^l Jftr (by God), Wfl< 
jooiurt to leprewi^nt tliB jju^t participle u\ a Torb ihiToq* which, 
hovrevpr, oii^tn tieitbt^r hi the CfiUoqaial luirtlie Litt^rtuy lun^im|^ ; 
^ mviri^ujl IrUfjft, and ti tfW othnrE, 





VOCABOLAltV 


s 


imkuii (iLfA- 


Jw jmtnUn to 


i'Ua 


ruitifif ■ 


k»Q) 


fJItC^ 


ifiWUfi 


rJtiuhte ^1 


ifqur 


1 rfl/ir/iwrv/t 


Diiibnin 


vftfxn Trt^iifl 


alatm 


rtnnjffrJ^ A')/i/ 


niushri Lc 


j>ii!iflfitt,'l. 




riitf/i'/nm/'^'- 




tiifiUilrr 


ifaiui IlJibui^ 


n^u^ff rtuiriifftv, 


uiisri* 


iiunyiatf 




maJff tjii'h 


(mtisri) 




ihlugb 


a/me v/ Jiye, 


virakin 


if Jjr jioMtii*^ 




ija/W"' 




fv»ml4y 


ikram, 


/reif r^^/A 


qij&m 


ftarlirtff. *U- 


(akrntnk 


tumour 




/iiirlttrtf 


ixhaJ" 


hnng to tiffht 


ktttr 


f^rmM 


iV-^d 


wnriwe 


num (7) 


/iir 


it^jftn 


jivr/rrt. ttufiM 


unl-JLl 


'-rfjJi ^^ 




nirr 




V 



1 yi^. 1 ttllL 



' libiib vTLth «Dr. 



TlIK TniKD DCTIVED rOTlW 



141 



EXERCISE 37 

Ha mkanntsh Agslihi^ il gawiLbtlt bL>tu'j qabln qiyAm D bu^^ 
Anu Inunt^k t'-Muiiiik tLFii^l Liuuf ^Vui blcilti intn lunl^ilm u 

KiyOdfi sbuvaiyu tuinhitri^A, 'iifth^ flh div'Qf. Lamm^h misku 1 
h&imtttya Mnil Dmai'in bi ] poiy^ Auu kmiim gH intn '«.ndl, 

fiXKRCISE ^5 

I'Kp eiToi^Hfliv^ taxation' woo un^ovwit^hitig tbe emm^y^* 
Wou't it bi' iKirii^iMe for jou U» wi^te ^ t-> me to-niorrow^ Hr 
IH a Torv fluLiilJiblc nimi ; bt- U meLkin^ ^ifts t'Vtfvv <ljiv. Ynar 
tiiEUii^ brilltf dill Tiot latrt moru thun twu or It^ue ui<>iith» Yon 
luuAt notify th^m before FriJuy, Pi.kfEibl_>' wt? Hhall go out to- 
tii^ht. They are rtfcponsiljIoT tiot L Thorp urc atill mnuy poly- 
[lLe4Fit» ill Uiu woilil. TLey ili<] uoi ^Luw luf mui^h bciiioiu, 

5 IG*^. IV. — Hbarok.* It goiiW'ally aerroA uu the pftaaivi* of 
tLf» pimitiv? reib ; tlius from j^bii^i iinjrrimia h formed itbilmji 
to im ijn^/njtujKii. from mf«ik *eizi-. itiuasfLk £« ffi^t^t. But the 
prunLtiv^ form ta mrt Always in Ofte^ Itb^rak »omBtiiB«e Liu b 
itoutw, r&3o£iv?, or oiidtilt? &mibu, ui itUFat turM r<*uiki in look^ 
«uil is ill » tew muHM LdeulitLul hx luthkuiug with the prumtivv 
form, H» iilwMtit I'*' pli\a3^, fnwii bUi^ (littlp usetlj, i^^nlab agk firr 

^ t^O- TbB 4ori^ in Atbirik, titbirlkf tibbirkI,ttc.T the uuparv 
iivti itbitilt' itbirkl, itbirkA (-m)- Tha piirlk'ipli* (luithuik) in not 
much 111 \tA\-: tb« poAsiFP partit^ipU of thp simple verb gBnemll^ 
.takiuj^ ita pliud, s4 mjihbtls, momelk, &4J. 



VOOABDLAKV 



itoofiil 


te /orfW 


iUofikt li 


ictJt ta^ a/kr 


heoptfited 


ithuQ*] 


be earned 


Jahj^tuiiTttj 


Art ^irutiA 


UJiJiliJilftJ 


ht chip]>fd. 


itfrthum 


^* JttKl^litGni 




Oruken q/ 


iUcbfthjit 


t'T hvicM-t 


itqalibb 


^ VJMct 




4mm/>^ 


iVAbftil 


lie vvrthippal 



^ TrkMi tf*ff cftcffM of the ta^oM. 

' Aor. {fhu/) yim trnfi^. 

* TliU fortii, uuiuwtwn bo Uterory Arabic, onrrenpnnrtfl to the 
KyrtifcO f/A//t*J, rtfi,'iu"iJfJ a» Ihtr r/i^tvo of th** pninitiri.- verb. U 
iff iloubtlesaly more ancicut ibmi tbi! rcdupliLoittfiJ fonn itimniik 



lis 



THE ei^OKEN ARABIC OF EGVrT 



il^liI□a^ 


fie ailiieU up 


itTftfa^ 


Ac Ht-Jc'd 


iggnmn" 




itmfn' 


I"' raited 


itkhfL^lam 


ha iwnw^, 


itrafid' 


he itirmiawl 




Mfait/fi ilH 


biniyi 


fritiTiifig 


ithaiuaq 


bt' ifuirl\ -tmii^ 


*»gH.I1l 


JVr/Tcn* 




]>rrrd 


^mla 


fatal 


lt*anfcf 


be ^fjim 


ahuk^ 


tpttirniiin*rrrf 


]t*bJULni 


ire inmfffi 


khulq 


tffitjf^rtlrncnt 


it^hnlub 


iw ftmijufired 


hikmA^a 


/otftiahtusf 


ifpluumi 


KXEJl 


t&qm 
GI8K SB 


guU 



U h\h il barnlnl boU< b^tna bcyitcifil xnxn gtrra^ It^ijirali 
*&udiiivi nihil kulJr ill^lik KaJUmua. bi 1 'iLC&b! 'iifiEjuii Lil/iiiiHk 
jritfitiiin mill kull iu TiiH. 11 khuki^iin il biLi^;il yitiiiiii. It ha^r 
(JJh Hum yitriK' loin bind., Itbhatu^UA mm 'untblya £ A dkkii 
qudd&m bfitftk. l^irrOit Hl^A kt^tlr qaid 6 1 liiiuiyu d|. Ub 
riumso kfiuit botit'ibid 'mid il *B^mk. Ijuama tiing^iaii' i) ;futnU 
hiLiu-'mf qinut {] kull. It rlgi] An mitblmitj ' wesbiilculi ketir ; 
kuUuuA tkiilliinu yithimiq, Huwa yin'irif bi 1 bfttnJlqii betahtn. 
ULyu cui^^bu min All&h Iotiia?i tiubbina jitxuqbu bi walnd. 



KXEKCJHK 40 

Tbey wore imprisoD^il in tUt'ir (own] j^iu-tlL'iL Hlni ^vuEAoiuvl 
bvFuie jjie roitctcU bi'i duu^btcr'a boutt', ItotL the Joan* uf my 
bedroooi <}]M>ii inwmvlFt. Tlie jiu;Icet u>o, m fui^t ibi^ wholi^ nuat 
muHt be wiipLwl, Uoji't. Bit tbor^, m--'- you wUi bw ticked by * 
oiin of tboee horsva. Wby wiiti he tUaatiM^ f Htwjtiitio b^i didn't 
Ivok i&fUr tbt? bouso pri»{itTly wbexi vro weut awuy. If you pbiy 
with tbflin you will hv hnnteii. Huw lu^ you goiuj^ Ui 1i« wutMl 
vn if thcrs IB MO dorvuQt lU the boiiru* i Thtt childruTL wtir« euriwl 
on lb« ranii^rs bitcli., A evuaII pioce Ium boou chipp^ ati IUli) 
tb&t gbiu uwny or \l will bi^ iJp»<fL 

I ITO^ Y.^Iibiu-rik, itburntk* Thia form La tunjiUuctni 



■ Itnifut ui tbv dictioEUftTlvA ' Or^ mikW4q> 

* UbiUiiL. * luiii. 

^ IifH''ii1 in tiut ittikiii>wii lo ibf" bt4iiiirj diiJvot. It 



THE FOURTH DERIVED FORM 



li3 



its object lA brou^bt by ibd uctiou, nji : — 



bdmr^ ciM>i ittwrnul 

Lakkim giiv* one aufko- ithukkua 



If ft tool 



Sftm^tinies it btiiint the same wmite and im^U uprit tbe ttmui^ object 
■lh the fiwt ftPTTO, but j^ikvyrcB tbiit objtct indirMtly iiiwtGiwi of 
dirtxitly, ae k*llim ii' rigil {or itkalUm wniy* t rigil) At sp:>4e /a 
{yrith) the nmn, ludijita (or irnliiulilit waiytb) hf rUntttd v/Uh Itim , 
or it may bo middltt or I'tiElexive li^ ^ase. aa ipllib furrr^ li.4:|a1]ib 
turn Kflt^itel/, rofl la^l: When (be tirtt form la intriiositivs, Iko 
fifth 19 rarpl_T in uoe ; wbcc it b, it w generally idetitiaJ iti 
meuiing, n^ qarrob (or itqarrib) «;jpr[yii^^. Vir^ *f7Bi3, wbtru tbt 
fifth form u neuter, without n-ny rpfnrRiu-B lo tbn jurtion of u 
tnuinl^« v«rb« tbc tir«t form dooa jjot often Bxiat. 

J 171. Tho boridt i» atUurLk, titbttfrik, ^%, or ittbarruk. 
titbarrak, It^., n^^^ivWwg 110 tbi^ [uat t<<j]a<^ U itb&irTk or itb&mik ; 
aimilirly, the uiip<inLtiva itburrik or itbarrak aud LUe participlB 
mitbiUTTk Of Tuitbfurak. 

Hehjuih o.— Tbt* iitfTajT- form tubun-ak will oooiLeinDjtlly bp 
boitrd in imiwrFtitiou for bi^tb itbjuTik aiid LtbamdcT^ oA lUin 
nuEikboiTik for tlie active |«a'tiuiple, m rAgil luutakollmi an 

rtcHAMfl A.— ItUuTiil in ^iinetiiupp bwjrd for ttbuTwl, itUuiU- 
Abir for i^biubabar. iCnidilnLl /m/uf f?£ for itniddid. 

RevAiiii r-— Tbt * of Ib^ hiituU nyllHWe of tha pnet (•■iuh.' m 
Ooi iitErcquGJitly plitoixl vi'tei- instead of bofore the i, aad pro- 
oouDoad very aLorbl^t aa tlkalluii (ttlmuet UralUjii)-* 



^ But only in imitatJniL of the litarmry ilialeot. The Cliablair 
form ifl tbe only one, prop^rl^' speakings ui luw in tht- roJloquial 

' Soe f 14- For tbe us^uailaliou dt lb** f witJi certain luttam 
in formH (4)^ (A)^ and (OJ, «ee ^ ^& h. Tta uund oftAn np|injachei 
iLat of J. 







^^^^ U4 THE SPOKEN AR.VBIC OF EGYPT ^^^B 


^^^H VOCABULARY ^^^H 


^^^^^^ itmatra^h tf'/l (intr-) itrattib ^ arraar^ ^^| 


^^^1 itbikshflhbr be hic»»til miht 


itfadd&I ! f'leage/ pmij' ^^H 


^^H lvj:fry 


itfitsaikh tahe a wa/k ^^| 


^^^M itbofni; (*tx1iL) play the spy 


il'rillitq f\i} )fU$pffnif&l ^^H 


^^^B itbbMun tmtlv, lawfh 


ittoirag 'filii to ehatim, UnJ/i^ ^^H 


^^^^ krf'ftiM^tt/ 


OPfr ^^H 


^^^H itlMi"&d tv remin-ch 


i1.rakab bt drivent ^^H 


^^^^L ieep amai/ 


TidiUn ^^B 


^^^^^K i^^i-ab ht: <-'>oer^ly 


it^bjL^al he icath&i ^^H 


^^^^V jUJci 


kfibbur uifftu yitvonfvai/ain ^^H 


^ ittad 


klmff /»^ rerurccrai ^^| 


^^^H itqad'tim he tidfantvii 


MqLU Atf M^ ^^1 


^^^H itLit^^^r /^ fiamk. 


^ittb /Wy ^^H 


^^^^^^ 'iJrh rKtiiijh, fcitJi 


bukbt (M^'^ fariwt^ ^^1 


^^^^^H iUulLit ktiT'i^ vn^/j f/ur- 


^H 


^^^^^H datrt OH 


khkbbftf fhiifUaan ^^1 


^^^^^H itrakkib ioj'n/ up,Kit itt 


kL&i^a| /urfr?r ^^H 


^^^^^H it^i&rnkb hti tritd 


TJUal taimi ^^^^^H 


^^^^^H itgallid be fujurui 


W&hl fTJU^ ^^^^^H 


^^^^^H ith»fiv&r r^^ 


»ior^, AU'g taddls ^^^^^H 


^^^^^1 itb^ffac /« ^i^ 


lioiad il fitttk ;'/£<^itK:, caP-^^^^^| 


^^^^^H ('and) l-£epinu 


^'l^k:, od^^^^H 


^^^^^M icWmmil ^'oir raattes 


wiigH' jmm ^^^M 


^^^^^1 


■iTiUya itoor^ 'jrvund ^^H 


^^^^^H iioabbiu ^ ^va^Vii 


SAWk (oij^h'V ^^H 


^^^^^H itTb^sal he mt viU 


ti\tuhx iifn^f taiio ^^H 


^^^^^1 (dotbes, dtc} ^^H 


^^^H KXERCISE 41 ^^^1 


^^^^ n huf&f^ lt(A b«yiiMumhgli fi \ l^jiablati *a«hii& ^ttittt flokbnA ^^H 


^^H we jioikiii litLuiTiLiJ. Jfui^k cUisik-hui ua IcUr bi 1 burtAti (1a, y»*nl ^^H 


^^^B bBfal 'UEiiJiDH UikliL UukUi kAiiit bHiDUif^l 'iilfl'^t lummH kin ^| 




^^H nittA^SabJsliLiwuivit niuil ; ma niirUit iiii^ivu miLi ^v<JJ. K&u ^^| 


^^^1 umiLii miti a^LAbl. bluiu mki yOia inii itjjuMim 19 1 huki^tiia k^tjUkr ^^H 


^^^B hlfuH wi rullii 'nlniJi. 11 hutin bi^l^i'iui br^yitrikib Wmp bi « ^^H 


^^H Ktvrg ; liAUb BUL t^^WTubaiic lU 'ATmbl^ik liiiwu T'ij>fil uuLbJir bi^lv ^^H 


^^H (■'M^if^ ^ ^ IcaUa 'fta in ilAji, ya'iil blqul lubum LnJlm dbalil ^^^| 



THE FIFTH DERIVED FORM 



U5 



HM.'He mil kATi IchftlTe win U 'a{y^ itqoilib ^nl^h il wn^n^ bdat. 
ilfl:*a Uinkkini 'aluva we ignj U i'lni] dl u dl. [Soj'itljHp^ir kedr 
nafsu In lU nlh miiuiuJ 

£X£RCL^E 43 

Tbey w^vre tnlkiTi^ together n Long tima Th^ book htm heen 
in hifl-keOf-ing {for)yeJ^s. If tou buoit biin nt* tho^nmo^ hu will 
owe yoii ^ ^nwifEo. The wuidowji were piit in vostorday oulj-- 
Thp flfwr mnst bi* w»ll' .souped and vnsa*^ wita carbolic ju-M- 
Hia ]adci.>t wu* cut out for him by * o tnilor, Thfl books were 
ajTonged on tb<? sbi*lT4?R Proy ait down ! Tlia boota ara tloaned 
every moming. We are going to t Jco a Utile * walk aJt-ur diiiuer,' 
Tbn oTfiiToata haT« a\\ hw^n hung up behind the door- ^hn itt 
going to look over the houso. 

I 172, VI. — Itbuiik. Itbeiire the sAin^ rela-tioii to thn ^i^K^od 
ttiut tUo tifbh doi>d to tho first. Wlitin used irolli^^v^ly or reci- 
(iioomj Uie Jirwt object, of the secynd form is usually fi:oT#Tru*d 
hy the prepositutn watyiL^ aa qdbilcu (or itj^iitbilte waiyAh) J Ttwt 
hitn, li ifl conjuJ^ted preciatjy aa the second derived foriu, the 
iioiitft beifi^ atbfivik, titU'irlk, tibbarki, ic, thu imp^'ralivi? ibbA- 
rik, lie., &i]j dii- jjtu-ticiplr^ ULifcbitrik or (boiTowuJ frouj the primi- 
tive foi-m) laubrQk. 

VOCABULARY 



itUrik 


he llc^fftd^ Ji/r- 


iUehAiiiL| 


^arr^/ 




ttittati 


itWiiii 


xiUjiuJet ditrtt** 


itf^b&mix 


txrhaoife a 


i?<^biq 


^mtnrvt frith 




tpink 


Uh&hahin 


ipranffts 


itUqii 'aU 


upeaJt /:nMsiy, 


it'Ofhir 


OMiteiijfc 




n/wjfdy^ 




b&^fjit vdi- 




u^tk 




fBidf. 


ItghiUir *dii 


be loia via 


iddikhii 


tfUerfir^ 


itkMfiEQ 


Adci' a differ- 


kiLttiii- 


thank you 




ence, fitit 


kbgmk 






wti 


wQ^Qd 


;wtWFif« 


itriKiI 'aIb 


hfackifuard 


kiirhAg 


trhip 


lA&ll-id 


beMp^ 


tijflTft 


trade 


iahahnrik 


&a tmoclixttd 


oaAnb 


rnufm 


itlfildif 


I'hanre to vtfiti 


mudda 


p«rifid, linu 


1 I.e. he hfM Io§i. 


• fl,_ 




' 1»iyib (iv 


Uii- vcrlj). 


* mio. 




* ftliuwHiya (iTtei the vei'b). 


* TniQ>*. the dinngr. 

K 



U8 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



EXE BOISE 43 

n ^urma tborkit bi vngilil bli atdkh 'aiiilUia- Huwa 
ba^t-glilini?: wui^^^^'K 'ufilifiii aiariiku. Ir rfigil ila ttiiqU *iilSyii 
kottr qawlf liattjk liJi^jil ll za'^l xaia kdimu^ 11 'orbiLfl da mn&h 
bftSAQ m& i4LbLIdLi u^ltu liikiii itgbaair ^olC^u ire dni-^bn! bi 

titrazil li b ^iiii in [ijim ilAl tre tiJilibiiuliiJin niiti glj^i' sabobf Huv& 
I- r%il da, LUi Lfiwu ouBaa'id bfya ti ebughlu kulla, nu. qol lisho 
butta ^^ kuttiLr kLCrok." IkLivutu luuhahiu'klJi wai^^^b fi 1 bvt. 

EXERCISE 44 

She qTiBjreli irith bir burtlmiid eveiy dny. We met jtwr 
bi\>tiber b^ oliuncA vesterdn-v r^t^rnooa. Th&y wer« dlscuBBitiff 
bo^obbar^ nil du^ ^oog^ W» ujg going to rikoo ont^ nnoiber. 
Dou't wraiigltK witb tbe ^^P^^ ^ ^^^ atreet, We bave b^ii 
intiti^nta witli r^Tie nnothOT (for) a long time. He u a^socUtdd 
with h«r untile in buaiuetis^ 'Wtj do jou iiLt«rfera? This iB 
□ot your biittiuosB, Pofisiblv wo almU meot yoor brobhor to-ni^bb 
iLt tiie abeikb^B bouse- Why ujij >ou zJ^iJHyfi Heckliiff a qiuu'rul 
witb thiLt pool' old woman ? 

g 173. TIL — Inb&r&k, It UBimlly bafl & pftssire s^us^r Anil is 
c^teii iut^rchang^able with tbo f onrth f ami ^ as mhomq (ot itboraq) 
fte huni^t itimG'i dovn, inhakani (or itbakam) i^ Judj^d , bul it 
[Kit infiequuutly beure a Lniddlc or u rcflt.^iw ftjiim^ ua tuqtJul 
/« ithiif. ifivt infntFih fti* oJlpn'■f^ "j^^m, inkfljiir !«? Arufen, irrenit. 

g 174, Tbe oorisl tff aiibiiik, tiubirifc, kc , impcrfttive iDbirik, 
mblrbli Jt^. ; purticipio aiinbirik (or luAbdik)* 

RcjiiAnK.^Tbe lit^raiy foiriik of the |jArbii:i]>U< iniinburik U 
heonl rc*^ii]jirly in the irohk munkiuir (for uilnki^ii') ^htfi tuoui' 
ing JminiAe^ uiitufnmini/, uuct U froquenUy u^od by tbe more 
wlacfttod thkifte^ tn other wordb; nukiLAar, yiukuMU'n will Mimr' 
times bo beani Tor nuklMr. 



* Trona. teith i/n$ a^otfitr. 





^^^^ SIXTH AND SEVENTH DERIYED FORMH U7 ^^^B 


^H ^^^1 


^^H Uibudiil h* cJtanyifd 


iukritob ^^ vtnttffK ^^^^^H 


^^M inbansh U frutUd 


inqnlab Uirrt tf^e(}jiU\) ^^^| 


^^M anuidei'. 


ingnrnL bo Wounded ^^^^^H 


^^M ejrlit ; tpiaul 


ingama' bi collected ^^^^H 


^^H inbrifi;Ll bt j'laawd. 


iluoqjJ Jm reumtifd ^^^^^U 


^^H oitjoi/ 


infiiqnb bepit^cfd, ^^^^^U 


^^H iiimoduk be Miitd 


/>^red ^^^^^^t 


^^H (imuiuFSL^l 


bogai iTtsttit ^^^^^1 


^^V inuilfLt fie ^iratfoired 


w>L^Ad Jirui ^^^^H 


^^H i ngitdul be j/laited 


iiahyiL dirfrtxmt ^^^^^| 


^^H iutoqan bf <foji£ ^ith 


fpld UaiJicr ^^^^^^k 


^^H jtrectsion 


ii^binu pantry ^^^^^| 


^^H ingu^ur le fta.ughf'^rett ; 


^Eibinsa) ^^^^^| 


^^H bepneved at 


bbAbar gb t Wjo/V fA^ ^^^^| 


^^H iD^'4^ lounys 


mttttci- ^^^^^M 


^^B ii4Lu(rj,kti tn iniprin/Jtrtl 


moaiiid back of carrv ^^H 


^^1 inbnbbt 'sIh ijq^ Ivmnijltf 


0^ (mside) ^^H 


^H 


baqara tmc ^^^^^ 


^^B UkgboTAf l>f ladled Old, 


liy4U-u f^eafm ^^^^^| 


^^H Jtnhed up 


TIjpP ^^^^^^H 


^^H knlcbitlHiz i« ^ii^'if 


kha-'-Imb \ciod ^^^^^| 


^^H iuhnLkli im mtlked 


dur^ {\A draiscr ^^^^H 


^^H iDsiir^q he niiiirrd. 


^burtUi uwrf ^^^^H 


^^P ttfif/^ 


fingjltL fup ^^^^H 


^^ Inqiit^ £i9 kiiisd 


t4iqr1baii fi/uTtrf ^^^^^1 


^^^ Ui^cu-a^ &£ guarded 


Blfl^frt ^^^^^H 


^H EXERCISE 45 ^^^1 


^^B DhdjubIi qaloniL ^ ilJl bt&^i iiibo^W ^audolf. IiibjLnubit riglfih ^^H 


p w« rikLit kulla ri^] G iialiyo^ 11 g^iziuu 111 ^dibu. iiiii&U t^^iyib ^^H 


1 tinblriaU (^nwHrn. Ilflva minhi^ix k^'^tr inin kfl.lAmuk. Fat i^ ^^H 


1 t4fH 1 kikffulyisii Ull gnt. mic bit^ bari'tt. La% hij-a miukisrzt ^ ^^H 


L 'au'U fi 1 iJiibLuaa. T>u I'ugil t'^ivib, muuku^ir 'alci LtaL.^ IjiautiB ^^H 


1 iQuiJUi&k U Lajilmt wagadr^ ^di^ilb il fulQ^? Lu\ d1 ii^^aliitit ^^H 


1 minnu u ninHt fi butno T^i^ i' ^''ig^l <^b tatnftlll ytubiUit '&La 1 ^^| 


1 Eqi%pa,* viv hl.vn kniij;ai mabbfiU ^aluh. i( tabikb Ediiiu vu^tiqin ^^H 


^^^ kvcilii HbuW4hivu. Hivik rab tiu^bir qawi tcilli b-L-fkl lUiu^ 11 ^^H 


^^H \iubii» du ^luiluui 11^11 > iti^idllsL Khiklqu' ^h* it luLLldi )e»^ t\t>x ^^H 


^^H i]gHmfHii£ Qn'bitLm liiH^'Uflii 'idn 1 tuu8rLiJ betiV il ^miLbl^Q. ^^H 


^^H Jnqilib 'lUik 1 ^Di it tAol U 'Csb iokhabul Ia', lisaft tna ^^H 


^^V ukbiibaaa, ^^H 


K * Ur uiiikuriii*, ^ aVwrfmi/ *ft (xwi. • I.e. hu vyk ^^^^H 



I4d 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EQTFT 



EXERCISE 46 

Di'ln^t yon enjoy the theatre very much yesterday? The 
cow will Dot bo milkwl boforo rtimaflt. Two watchra and about 
three huuilred pouiKia Xawe been stoli^u from one of my drawers. 
Wfl are very gliii that* the nt^hleB have bveii rPinoY^d I'l^m in 
li'ont of our liou^, Thx'ee of ths poor momu!i ww© killed and 
one K'jia woundiwl. All tho p^'ople of the vilhigi- wpro collected' 
ouifridi* tb(j Dinda's botiae. Wlmre will the woocl be boi'edl 
You will Im impriarmed (for) throo yenra. The gHrcteii ought to 
hihve^ boea w&tcbvd tmweil-us ' the house. Six jflu^sea ilulI four 
oups wtji'o brokoTi lo-day. He wne seized at tho station leheti 
be voA about to leave. Tbe lett>eni liad uot b<*eiL writbi^u before 
noon, In&are yo\iT bou^e, leat it bt* Imriied down. 

S lib. TUT.— Ibtfirak.* Terb* of Ibis term mny bn ;— 

{ti) Re6i'3fiTo (the i^dei objoot LGiog iip-ujUIv direct, but 
occnmonnlly indUi-ect), ih* ihtiuiiij fftuuti. prot&-£, owniJf /^mih^ 
hftntiiui g^pp'M onewtf nyftintft, iqtadar aftpiir^ j/o\ri-r. wvaJfA, 

[ir] Hecipri>calf as ishtnrak iraiya { =i!ihMrik. ii^habAnk waiyn) 
be in parti\trehij/ ntilfi. 

(f) l^ciiitioal 111 metLTiin^ witb a neuter ^imfilti wrh or fourth 
form» uB Itlmmur (or ikbtamfLT-) n^ (of doQgh), 

[d) Tho }ubs.sivij of the [iHiuitive verb or firet dr^rived fwm, 
aa irlafa' iT rcn^'-i (iiJu* ravtr), iabtJigbftl It wrUfieJ m- [tui a 
neuC^p verb) b« ^uj*^ (ahnf^hgbal orrupif), irttt*n^h bs /ri^i^twt^ 

(tf) Aetivo, but with & mooning diffpront to that of tho sunplo 
verb or first derived fonn, ae ihtoJ^iaL htrn'.'ur. iatolikf h'TTov 
{from litriim dfjrrive of, aullif /*nt/). 

^I7G, Tho aorlst it* abtiriJe, Ac. tha ifapemtlva ibunk. 
tibUrkt. HJbc-, atid the pitrldciplo mibtLrik (»i^ tu^hbrfkk). 

RfbuiEK. — Aahln^bal and aftakiir^/ (fiiiik^ imin/suif, ar« in 
ufteae wfi^ll oA a^bti^rliil aQi3 d,fT,ikir ; fiiiA iniihlArik ami miibrjiraJc 
%n eometiiuee h^ajxi, vt in tb« woixi^ luiv ^ijv^ir 'j^// ojf, luukhtAlif 
vj/puein^t di^^init muriLlju'ik ai/f*\f\at\ii'j, aiUr^'^niffrt ratihtiU'JUQ 
AiMurur^ hoTWuraiitr, uiu'tuuiail tiuUiujrf!iif, aiu'UtXtar najiiiiimi, 

i mn.b*ij| b*iuii, ' Feni. '■iu^. 

■ It/iTi litiui ' ninnh Uvi^ ^ 

^ TIjJh funu Ib ih Tai^iaut of ithvxk, ivttl ia coni[mj4tiri<lj nr# 
Ui tho n>lkii|i4iri] 1HI1J.-IUW!- 

' Id the IKi^mry lu&tfutige Hhht»ffbi1, flfVikirH 



TUB EIUHTH DERIVED FORM 



UO 





VOCABULARY 




fgtemft* 


tfftt^tr lo-jft?ifT 


kiialxak 


yoirr MAe 




(iiitr.) 


■a^rn 


ditUfjh 


Irta^' 


po fj^'kfmm^ 


nliurb 


rfn'ft/'iflpij, 




rcuouiv-''^ 




rmo/nng 


t*tftBiir 


9r.f:u4e otia^/, 


lirllyik 


prtiKfd 




bt " hard 


nia'lHlm 


a living 




up- 


t Toix'i^ha 


Vinrij; toyeitiff 


ilTrifnt 


attffiH 


vnfiilK 




i'ticiad 


tntpf, iflf/j hi 


mitr(l4) 


inefre 




rjfnvijwftl 


k&m 


ti/p?ifl (witL 


ifturad 


retirtt titJe 




tlGUtl ill 




aiiftn 




ftbg) 


triiakaiU 


Icaa 


e^'^ . . . Ba-4 


touietivi^ ■ . . 


iFttfLqDJ- 


beenmi' pocf 




aomeiiuia 


Iwqa 


become 







KXKRCISK 47 

I'l. Aoa. htammt okLflk 'Ofibiik klu^t'^.' Hflwa Fcn^ Abo! 
miflhtigbll £ 1 i^iti^iiA^ Kalatau mikhUllft j&'n\ sii^A y^^\ l.iA^ 
wv< itii*n yeqfll hSgn tAiiyL T1 *n^ mh pichtimir dllvAqfi, 
trtagfthiiH I ivAm iKM mtu J^hurb il qT^hAO wi £ Knj^^j^yir, Hl\wii 
qtftd'hT ketir n Win nrhtinr ^ild ikbwjiiu. Lamma IjtAEnr ^ili 
'aihII wi Etnliif mTi^ul klittnuu ^riaeliril^ Ana litama^ite iHitiJink 
tiftriTlif ]\ ] kiUMr. iLM. Kflii !1 mii'ljiihii vnh'ln WH]j4]ia, Ukio 
ciiiiliarod ililwHtjU li wuhdu, IlliEit li £hugJjLk. 

Why trp yon Bliivpiiiig? have tou ^ fev&f? No, 1 un oi^ty 
shivcricg ffTHii tho ™ld. It ia rHiaeJ' thr^- mi-'ti-i'H htjm Iht* 
grijuud. 8hf wjw Boppiirting Uw*elf oguin^^' tlae wol!, She t^ 
A womflii of mcjin^i.' I must borrow n few pounds from nty 
IjTOther- Trust in'* God, Are yt>u m partnersliip wiih your 
uncle, or noli Don't evrr work aftw tle^en o'clock at iii^hV' 
Tho door o[M'Ded wben 1 wiw mpimrlJiig mjaelf it^inst it, mi'X 

1 fcU on th« floor. I lutt goii^ to give up drinkiug to*. Will 
you leml lou £v(> povinda T No, 1 uu hard-up' tnyseli. Sba 
M«4 once rory riclj< biit i;ow sht li&« bvuonw poor. Wc- ver« 
viry niucli ottupiod ' oil dny, 



* I'luijcjp. 



1 'uidjJc 

' Parlitiip. of iijtiulnr, • "bi*. " ui * jt 

• pjutir^ipfl- from piiiuitiv* or sLip[j(jfled primitive verlw. 



< bi nsL 



100 



THE SPOKEN AKABIC OF KOTPT 



g 17T. DC^Thpftkt It (MwtiPB only in verht ©rpreiflive f^ 
colour or ft bodilr defQob. When th<^ sinnple Tetb ^^xieta, its 
mea&iii^ becoicea iiitei^LfitMl in tlio nluLb (trnu, aa kL^iijor to he 
ijreer^t ikhdarr be green ail ov^. Tho coDJiigatimt la ejt fi^Llowa :— 



PAST TENSE 



lit para, ibrtLkkfit 
Sod pera^ ibrukket 
3rd para- ibrakk 



SlNGrL4K 



FKM. 

ibrakket 
ibrokk^tt 
ibrokkit 



Ut pera. ibmkk^nii 
Bud pora. ibrakkotfl (-m) 
3rd pera. ibrakkd (-m) 
Atrri&t. — nbnJdC) tibrukk^ tibr&kkl, yibmidc, iko. 
ibrnkk, Ac- Pariicip. — mibrikk 

VOCABULAEY 



Imp^. — 





hecoms blue 


Ml 


oriijin^ ongintii 
condifitm 


iJLiaarr 


ftflctnfffi f^i 


luhjiUL 


cohi*r 




become dark 


LiLmAr 
khftU 


red, rednen 


i^ru-dd 
iiradd 
imudd 


gd faded 
yet fftishcd 

tjf'hthahnia 


bfl'in. bivin, 
bi^yui 


hlite (for vrjbsh' 
eridorU 


yebi^shtj 
inubagh 




min nnqtibn 


OMT $inoe _ 



KXKRCISE 49 

tAmi&i titffbtfiil il hidiSm ti^rnqqH I| va0*n df Tia yi\W 
nioluk wordi^ mieriiiq, LAu il htyu bcttiVit bttSftUEIwldo whwiuyA, 
jft'nl moab 'a1& a^Iu, LammA kutbe 6 M^ hn^lU kai^ lAnl 

bft^id bf Uiunir lAkin b^yin 'ul4fikdiliriu|tj iai'nni v&uirrdb mhi 
kticr uh Nhrimt' Kuiitv bitfUkir loinri i| fOgam dl mi\viCA, EAkin 
rlUmiuti bEHjA vaj-iLqbfi kullii mibt^dirr. *^rt^n will^l il follAhlD 
tirmjuldi kUr ^mIii^h iuil ^ikbfiilA«h ' 'tm wola jrid^Qut 



1 FtekAu. 



BIQHTH AND NINTH DEKITED F0mi8 151 

EXERCISE 60 

H«T body hoa &11 birn^ yollov From th« dieefute, Hia fft«o 
wuB red from over runnin^,^ We got very moth auobumt' 
when we were riding ererv day in th(* desert. Tli^ paint on ^ 
That wall will turo v^lJow whftn it gets otd. The ciilouTs at that 
ctutf have quite faded ; it ought to Hs dyed. Kpir face \a very 
much tluah^ ; I think eh^ has * fevor, 

§178. X.— Ifttftbrik, [stabmk,* It ia :— 

(d) Beflesive.^ in so f&r th^t tbe nctioii is performed for tho 
bennfit of T.hn subject. In this fteiiK« it uny \te followeil nither 
hy n dii'tvTt <il>jeot or one governed immediately by & preprtftilnon, 
AS istAshhiil w4hid /i# calidd iorfe one to leitneeH iji hit /awur ; 
lAtiL^fiil 'uU liilgM ^e af:']i'ircil /^"mflfini'j for himself. As » r^- 
fleiiTe, it TKjt irifriv[iipntly denoti-f* an uttHmpt or a 'Ipnirs to 
(ibtoui the objei't denoted by the root of the veib, a5 iEtofbim 
■an bflpa *o ait^fpt to f/^f iii/orrnai'Tffi (Lo. irvjuire ahoni) 4 M/njj ; 
or tt b«li(<r uu the ptJt of tbf subject lu the existienue vl the 
nntion eiprussdil by the primitive verb, aa ist^j'khaf il Icit&b A« 
ffmnidsrfd the bo^k '•heap en^yagh /or Aim." 

{b) Similar m mauimg to the sinipU vcrb^ whi^b^ bujidtive 
or intTSJisitive, hs isltuibil rsvi'iv (a visitor), 

(«) The pnaaiToof tha [iT]mitiv9T4*rb or drat form, as iBtAkhdiiD 
be Btnpioyed. 

ItciuBK, — Tbo la^ «enA« ia bomo by & few verba aaly. 

^ IVans, from ejtc^n of UiG r»tinit»ff, 

* TruivB, broicnfd fiy the ttiru 
■ Tmiia ictiifh is ctl 

* ypkQn 'aniiha. 

^ The vowi of the QniJ syllable depcDda on the coneonaDtfl 
«m^loslitg iti (Bo& g IGI.) InUb[uk bear? the ra-oie relation to 
II form KubriLk u^ ibtamk dofs to biuuk. Set* nmler ijuadrilitB,, 
Hniid cf, Syrifto "ihnijtjLl and iKlitiu^tal. 

* The form of tho Scmitio verb m -« waa ori^xiolly cauantiTi?, 
that in -t leSe-xiro; hence the -"/ forms miiat bp trared b&ck to 
A prill) ill vi>ly ciLu.-^liv^t^ Aan-Je. All othiiF HUEj&tia iire |tn?tteritir and 
dert vati v e. *— { W. ) 

^ Both bh^si^i? aeiiB4-a may of«ur in the same wcrd.ae tatAlragh 
t/oi'iity " /c/fA " (Ji-swIoinUvoj^ aud cu/tri/titfr ••iiifttj (froia fiirrtgh be 
rmpty). TUi^ i(]H^ of n^flnxivi^ne-ss ia ncjt jilwiiys appu-E^ut, na in 
Utighabim /■tn^idfr i7i'-:rpsr\fnee(t, irc,» and the pru-ticiple mny be 
iiMd adjcc-tivulj- witJK'Ut any tcEeronco to an oxpreflaed <tpiuioD, 
oa mifitikqiub jtMr. 



^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^■^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H 


^ ID3 THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGTPT ^H 


^^H S 170. SuiuEf ol tboM which (aU ua'k-i' (a) u'o formed from ^^H 


^^^1 Doutift^ nA jst&LiQiiLr, i&ba^hdslj ajfrnder a iiunket/, jf<}uwj df/nkey ^^| 


^H (gnJiKli). 


^^H 


^H S It^O, The 


croTijusatiini of tbia form is jtimiJnr to thnb of I., ^^H 


^^H till;* ihorist b«ing U8t]tbriki otttabrak,' tUtubrik, tistrtbrLiiE, Jct^,,fihH ^^H 


^^H imperative iaL&brik, Idtabrnk, tkc* and the pttrtiLUplu atisbkbiik, ^^H 


^^H niitrtJihrnk. 


^^H 


^^H Beuars o. 


— Mistabnik U Boniiilimt^a hBftrd irr^gniu-h- for ^^| 


^^H £ut£tabrik^ tL& mietaneab (for muttiiciib) ttj^^roving^ ^^| 


^^H Hemajik ^.- 


—The BMiie verb mciy kio Vxibb ftotFLVe and neater, ^^H 


^^H H8 Lfltit^giJ ury^ 


trn : iiinJry fm>iff. ^^^M 


^H I i^\. XI. 


— TrHtiburik, isUlMumh, a VHrinnt of bite tentb ^^| 


^^H fi>[-iiii and veiy L'Ai'ely board aj» i* derived form of tho porftot ^^| 


^^H 


^^H 




VOOABUI^RY ^H 


^^H iabftb'ad 


ctwjrfr^, ;tr^ iHTiLkmil he ^niyhtvl, ^^M 




foa/ftr eoifi/Uete ^^| 


^^H UtAtqaJ 


ctmtider Antvy, 


istouilik o^^iTi* f/oMi- ^^H 




tw t&xre 


oitr ^^M 


^^^^ iatuj^yib 


wirrufteMgii 


ifilanzil (^n-Ti) rrnounre ^^U 




onemf/ eoTir- 


iltnfgfLoi- eonnrltr nMi/f, ^^| 




f/taerad 


folk flThCtJ/ ^^H 


^^H EfftALBllI 


Ami good 


iHtiliallif taht an aath^ ^^M 


^^^^ idtuhkim 


irj^eici^^ aiithf^ 


th rentfln ^^H 




rii'j oper, 


UlsbfaiT SlIei pTntert. ^/uard ^^H 




'lo^iVifT 


^iroJi fo wcA/'i' ^^H 


^^^^^^ [filAkhbaj- 


ij^t ttrfie/rtrnt 


'auwurt ytiu dntms^fcd ^^H 


^^H ist&khrng 


ejtrfii-f 


^hawn brtjtrUt ^^H 


^^H iabi^bnib 


be iniftfnit/iC'i 


qtkUj /n// ^^H 


^^H UtiLbrui: 


bt hh:^4td , find 


kbub|u a /fw^oA ^^^^^| 




lucky 


ikDm de^t ^^^^^H 


^^H jatAdifLfF 


ffft to tiiiflet' 


^^^^^H 




ftami 


likr |Wr<f1 ^^^^^1 


^^H Utorauj 


fftt V7t<^t fiff- 


iiiid]v:lr walk^ errand ^^^^^M 




{mj 


^^P iflULTIwl (ji) 


trci^oy 


tuaiyit ro9f-t(tattF ^^^^^M 


^^H ivtfttinf 


(Wn^fff in'M, 


lUA^vonl ^^^^^H 




^if"/ 


ti%ht- Jtowrr ^^^^^H 


^^H fjilAJhbJI 


1lft,l nity 


Musyu MiWfiimr, jVf^^^^^H 


^^H ista'gib 


Im OirfiWlJlftffi 


sjiugi* /rVf ^^^^^H 


^^H irt&qrab 


jlrtrf, <yyrmd^. 


Bfiufc tolw, hoOMt^ ^^H 




■Kur 


1»W pHt^ ^^^^^1 


^H btjichr«q 


fo litovtud, 


initAl nrtiPid ^^^^^M 




Mink d^ in ftrigh *^P^f '^^^^H 


^^^K ^^^H 



TENTir AND ELEVENTH DERIVETI FORMS I5:i 



if 
b&trlu fun« fA« Uat 



Uuirt 



tfifTf^ftiTV 



EXERCISE 51 

lAinmA \\Vn^ mill W hvi. kiko tikriDa nertHi nuLsliyln 'uIa 
nglSnu li hodd il C|al'a, iakin vl hn* ^ tl uufv U ntkka i^tab^adoa 
L miahw^ u rikibiiiv 'orublytk. KuDt« >«jJi aqi^ lu 1 kdlte du 
liklik i»tAl^a.ltu shuwMVH. M4<^iq 'auwi&rtl ktabu l^^iiti tiA- 
tobaU 1d^ wA^iiil jjbi^ni waI&q bi 1 ftilAe. Hira tninalll b^tutAli- 
morai u btiiit^hftUiiuzil, ya'cl betiftikir Uiojil irbaablni m^ ^nLfebe 
bi^. It ri^gfelfi ddl a^s biit^^lln ; ifitA^bfo?; 'uta aixFook minhum, 
Soraqt 11 lidga dl l^h f Abo ati^hkiiii *jii£^a »h fth^Un ^i ^llnl we 
BinLqb, UuininA b9}'iBtih&l]ifA 11 *aU iimuhum» liimiiiiL yibfAbh^ 
Witiy4j& fi e ^ikk&, j^hftnqUni, II majft di mifltakbdiiDA 'iUide 
luin? Yistfikbrfi^ moiyit il mawtLrd mia iz zubQrn 11 mu^im 
yifitAbriLk bi wugfid il Qur'in 6 bolu. Ana dilnaqtl iflUhliH^'lv 
ftlinwnijfa 'i\fA\ abnghl, ?b!a40ai kiiU** jmui 'niiv yik&ii.b hupi 
'ai^hiu ^ietm-Kaqt Id t^itt ista^ilit irr4^ d kb^uldiLiiiitii '^vtiilLliu, 
Rik>'hliL nhlashi'l lajbii' rjgg^A Ji'O fl J miid'ab. Iflta'^^ibtia ktk 
'ilLi kalAuiut- Ibun. gtii*L^Tiu bub mlu TJimfin wi IrLriuL Wii. 
Mji ^nniitin^^h bimrtm khabliait^H *j>1b. I bSb? I^^', kunt^? uJa- 
to^tiiivf ti □ n^iik u nta Enuilitisb ttj^Ia khabta. |j5Uf ro^hte ^ib(]lu, 
U^Eitu t^yi 1 'kLi>iL Aiihi slkka, miAtaqrabba, di wnlbt dlf 
LuixiiTiiu yig! iuU lAdiU liAtuqbllu wi tqa"^Ldii, Ba'dtt miL fiLun- 
liku t hitta. banllba biyfLt, latagltHb imfau 11)^ 



EXEECTBE 53 

1 boiif^lit it beL-autte I cuuMib^iihl it dieap. Thiji wirte won't 
ke&p inott' thtva u. v^ui', Itl wlioaa boube vare yuii employed 
btffM-i3 Mr. A. OT^^ai^oi) youV Poaaibly you will bi> astoiiiribod 
At jTij atatfun'iit. but it b mme Uio l^as tiiie, Twi^ lueit wn^ laid 
thi^ iiif^rcbiiiitsoutHirlethp viE I nge^ killed g\\& oi tb&m, mul wuDnded 
tbo otbcT, U« didu't (xiTisider tb« job gufHvisntly easy, &Dd 
tbm-eforc didit't ut^cept it. This rthid is miicb luit^er than tbiLt. 
Tbs work is uct yt^t fini«htrd. H(» raoouiiced liia boliday iti- 

* Fiiut hint a good vne. 

* Trans, hfftyre emjiloife^i you Mr. A. 



154 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGVPT 



favmir-of * Olio of thp other employ^' Wbn In going to receive 
the princ« ttn ^ his nrrivol at * Alexa-ndriA. Of cmirBe you don't 
win any loonoy while yon nre idle. Why do yoM tnko ate foi- 
u ^hTlpleto^? 1 duoH t^tke jruu for a. Eimpletuii* bub I was 
ustonieiied fhnt yon oonfei^ed yourself be&tfn by* n loniill boy. 
Wo must mqairo of^ the police about these pe4>pt« Ur uiomxv 
moruinj;, Don't huiry too nrncb; it ia faJ-ly yot. Yuii mast 
burcj on the work » little. 

VERB3 WHOSE SECOND) AJTD THIRD RADICALS 

ARE IBENTIOAL 
g laa. The primitivo verb is eoojugatad u foJJowi : — 

PAST TENSE 

lrtper». miuldAt icudd^t I ttntehtd Old 

3nri pert, modii^t madUi'tt 

3rd pors. dadd ma4dit 

TLtTRAL 

l8t pers. muddena 
2Dd pers, maddctl (-m) 
3rd pera maddfk (-mj 



1U3C. 

lat p«re, amldd 
2nd perfi teoiTdd (timidd) 
3rd perG- yemidd (yimidd) 

1>T1 



AORIST 



FffV. 
lUaidd 



Plurai. 



luaidd 

r^middl (timiddl) 

t«i(uJd (timidd) 



lauRAi. 
Istperfl, nernidd (nimidd) 
I^rd pctTB. tetuiddfi f-ni) fttnnddQ -m) 
3rd pera yemiddfi (-m) [yiiuiddfl -m) 

IMPERATIVE 

Slog, muse midd, fern, middl. Plur. middQ (-m). 
Phj-ticip. &ct, itMid {fom^ madda, plur. mnddtn), 

>irtlcip. [HAS. Duundi!id. 



■ U 

* a. 



■ Putimp. of iftaUuluii. ' %Ld^ 



SKCOND AND TIUttD RADICALS IDKXTICAL ID6 



g 183, The oUiot- ttmaas uo farmecl by tln' help of the p»- 
flxes and thd SLilistAnLiva verb, ils iu tbu cfi.Ho ol vL-rbA wbuse 
radicals a^a ti^l clilf^T^ut: liab not^ that owing to the urtM^nt 
fiUUi:^ on tha fidul ajIlAblfl^ the wenk # or i of tho noiist prefor- 
UlAtivea ta elthi^r pronounrp-] varv rapidly or Jianpixhira Edto- 
^tbi^r, the 3iii^ pera^ aiu^uliu' cf lli<s ciiptiQLied pri-'niinth hv- 
coiiiiiig in the atso of thfl ftbove verb bitmidil (for blt^^midd), 
Uifl 3rd para, btmidd (i,6^ bi^-niidJ for biyimidd), and the 1st 
pero, plunt! binmidd {for bTnlmidd). Thtr 2nd pers. Hingnlar 
fomi[]iiif> Aul th« 2iLd and 3ri yers. pluraL gentnilly cod< 
tnu^ alno, thi^ Giinl op^n vowoIr being ^omewhtit ahoirt^ned in 
pronuinriutioii^ as bitmidrliH Mmiddn, 

g 181. Verbs who!*p iir*t or double cotiBouaril; in f, gh^ J, r, 
z. f, q, k, kh, or ', huvo u foL the eecoiul vowel in llie aan^ti 
exospt:— 



faqq when mining 

ivhfish iiLke ft, Olid 



limn ' 
gbfisli^h 
horr 
rrtff 

rJLijq 
rarm 

fnJT 
fadd 



f^K thin 
ring (iatr.) 

ep*/ (Tr;uia.) 



BlLhll 

kaahab 

khosn 
khaff 

'JUT 



be correct 
hUc 

n!#? tn the Mr- 

shrink 
coifC/-. fftdt 
ittt ihin 
ntoiwer 



vhiub take \. 

% 185. Qiirr inaksa yeqtirr when tofliining V, Inik ill of: 
mlso tQiJtQJi ye'iidil, and kaS h-gep ij<trJc occt^inmiWy yi 
Khajt^ vi/fux^m Had ^un think take cither f or a. 



W<1 

.kiff. 



VOCABULARY 



b>ikbUi 


wfH'nkle 


hf*frg f<tr pihjrim 


gakhkh 


' W*?(10) 


gm* 


$htttr 


iMwhsh ™i yruM^ fruno 


giwa 


mwul 


hntt J"'' 


^HB 


ffo on a pil- 


fftff arrark/v in a riMP 




gfifn<i(fe 


kbnil A* <fcrrt?^W 



' But r&rely tiscti. 



Mb 



MB 9KKJtS AKpIBIC OT BQTrT 



--fi 





rsgi^ Ir rigil 4% 



9"^ 



\i 






U I 



vbHI 



ttl 



J^ 






a*-»*^fc^ «v 



twiPik 



■m.' 



i^owvij^lUfa. 



iva«i 



fi^X:ONI« AND THIRD UADICALS IDENTICAL 157 



EXERCISE 54 

Btri^b?h ctit yom- hot^ti, girl, &n<l pick th^m up fi-om tho 
lutl. Whv 'lidu't >"Oii put the d<K>i' to* My \i\Dd\rii-d ia 
^LUf.' U) rt^|uiir IIih house frum top^ to bubbum.- Let ue pour 
t.|ii>wm4 into Jin t^mpty luttl^ They are puUing iloipn thi^ old 
hi>iiae in thu atr^itt ae?ir us, A little wine woa^t do you &iiy 
kiiu-iu, Aftiir yo» hjiVQ iiaiione th« puri^el put tbe sbring in oiio 
of tlie drawers of uiy writing' -t^le. The\ r^riavil hiui aa he was 



juDiping 



^ ov^r the wall. I think the ^treet^ A,n? blocked 



Flerme ahow ti* the hoiiieef; which bav? been rftj>rured- She 
*ii* looktag from the north wmcJow which orerlookft "ur ^ar- 
dcui. Tlie piJgrimB will not hftve i^tarned hfl'ore the enJ of 
the month, W** were nil puHing froHi nne 'lirinttiotL I wueL 
ft verjr hod smell near the fiink. This piG<!e muob be bod; it 
dtwHu'brin^ ji(> idl. 

S ISS, Of the derived forma of Iheae verba, IL, VL, DC, 
^nd XL lio Dot occur io the ftpokmi lunguagp, whit? Ill, occurs 
only in a lew poxtinploe, aome r>f tb^iu U9t>J ila auWUhtitivt^e, ne 
inekhill ii{furi"itA, mehinmi imf/ortanC, mehihb ^'entf. The othore 
ore fts folloiVH : — 

L BafB4t etaue to took 
Act. HhuAfAf, tibafvat 

ImpurHt. hoa^aq 
Pttrtioi^.^ mebae^BA 

IV, Itnuidd be ttrt-fched 

Aor :itmiv1d^ titmiLdil, Aa. 

Itnpevat- ttmadd 

PortitHpH initmadd 

V. Itbufsod piaif (he tpy 
Aar. ethb4W4ff tithui&f 
Tnipenit itbi^^af 

BuMARk- — MitradHjul u MTnetim^ hetird for mitraddld. 

VII. Iiidiirr &i9 irtyiuT'/ 
Aor, auiioTT^ tiDd&rr, JrC' 
Imperftt^ indrUT 

I^rtjrip. mifirlAn 

* TrHD*. and he ?« ^^um^iinfj. 

^ The Baim& form \a usi^d fop both voiMfl. 



oiaddid utrttch trut 
ammdriid, timitdifd, te 
nioddid 
memoddid 



itmoddid atreirh fm^f^/ 
atuuvldid, tiUnuddid, ^^■ 
itmoddicl 
mitmiiddid 



^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^I^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^l 


^^^^ I3B THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EQTPT ^H 


^^^^H VIIL Imtadcl be tlretrMd, leiti/tii&wi out ^^M 


^^^^^H Adt, arutadd, tilatkdrlr ^C ^^^| 


^^^^^H Imper^t. ^^^^H 


^^^^^H Fu-tidp. ULiDtftdd ^^^^^H 


^^^H (^) 1 ^^^1 


^^^^^1 (6) ifitiqlU eoiuidtr litiUt too little, mtalt ^^^^H 


^^^^^H Impel Ltt. ietiqftU ifitaqlil ^^H 


^^^^^H PiLTticip. mifltiq&ll mktaqlil ^^H 


^^^^^V Rii:ujMjic a. — Neatly nil the verba of tLia clkcs are coEkjiigAt^ ^^H 


^^^V aftor tliB tirflt mwltil, ^^H 


^^H Remaies if. — The pmtici^le Hometimea tokefl Uie fcirm miflbi- ^^H 


^^H birk, as nii^tiLLii^ET (for njiKtimarr)' The lit^^^iry mui^Lubark, aft ^^H 


^^^1 mustuiuoii', &c., will aocoAioDiLlly b& bdij'd. ^^V 


^^H RESJAiiic — ForDiflL> V,,ftQd X. (*)aJo, of course, ooaju^-ifctod J 


^^H in die pu^b iMutf, ad well oA in the aoriei, Kko the «e>coud Form of ^^H 


^^H the parrBbtrarbH uame]j\ boiTik, bairak ; vhllt^ IV., Yll., VIII., ^^H 


^^H Sbbd X-(a) axe ooujugaWd like tho prmiitive voi'b of their own dua. ^^M 


^^^H TOCABULARY ^| 


^ gBuuiu drive ttbod 


it^a^qnq he vsrifiad ^^H 


^^H ^4i1Jid bmiud, limit 


itJiHtdid 'aU fietptml ^^M 


^^H hAULiin faiJe to fiaorr 


inditrr ^^ tmmdf ^^H 


^^^H cofA/'UiimM 


tH/U'*tt' ^^1 


^^H t'liQfiia /j^r! E~j( a rviff 


uigzLTi- fuAc wfifve/foff ^^M 


^^B bkqqai) tcrify 


iiigtaz be itli.vm ^^H 


^H JtbAlJ, mbn]] bsieetl^i 


inli^lieb ^ fijovm ^^H 


^^H itgarr ^ jindlcd 


in^iiiri^ i'C I'l'iaM't ^^H 


^^H itbakjl. bt hvvd 


inkabb U poitrrdt i^t ^^| 


^^H Inhbl^Lj 


iiikliibilil Ite /ri^JUcfifd ^^^t 


^^H itl^okk 1^ geratdied 


iSlih&qq d^tVDH ^^H 


^^H itrj^liJ, Wput to {do<fr] 


iatihobfi (bi) p^ceiiM ^^H 


^^H hUwld 


btifiaU imji'irc ^^H 


^^H ^^t^r ^'*' J*^' 


iHti^Tin rofm'ltr via/t ^^H 


^^H HLhn^ 


istUiiirr r^ri/&ti ^^H 


^^H ilil&Rjin, (v ff*dher&d. 


iabi'wJd ^ r«ai^ ^^H 


^^H Otomoi raU/Ttod 


elmbb JrJ r«i»' ^^H 


^^H ttnuDin be lyp'HTed 


litbsui^a fliarili^, tUnt* ^^^M 


^^H iggftddid be rernnrtrl 


ink ^^H 


^^H ^ Ifot* tliAt ) 1mi« takm tb« pliur e of thf <i uf tbv ptarfwt ^^J 


^^B ^^1 







THE WEIAK VEHBS 
EXERCISE 55 



1&9 



n kbaddim da mifft^ulJe 'Aodl. HumnuL mistiqaiTlTi 'oLl 
naffiihum, 11 nuja. di 1 m&bkiua niJ0tiJiaqC|tya ^ ] bosanu. 
latun&rrit fi Eh ehugbl fill in nubJlr. Itgoir il habi mm iu 
EiAli^b^Q. loiJArTL't ketJr miii ku-limak. Irii^^ur! iiuabt miii 
qudrlriTuT \ Hiiw;k Di^hibbi It Vetir qfiwL II id&8']l]a dl bitgannJimL 
L| glii^^D raehoddidin lain kulle giba. £tbjitqq:hqit il luii^'al^ 
waUik ILsdik r Itb^lce gild LI kitdb mlnul.' A1I£L yiliautiiij 'u]£k. 
Kuttu Lubtidalle 'aJa bdb&k. Kuim&bimBtiluLaue uiiuilbuj'^L IL 
kiUbfit kAnA tnirftffftfic fi t nifilf, Kad mirtodd^ il biib witUft 
cuiirtQh f [LtjLuimi;]iih kuUina Ci h ai^ka. lutt mitr&ddid& 'uIa 
I'miUnu? KAuit miabiiqlil'k ' 1 fulfia- 

EXEROISE 56 

Ho doesn't doaervQ & pmatrei. You will get wet^ &a ^ you bavQ'' 
ao umbrellih. The Koudu ougbt to be repairod. Yoai- aisttir 
drives ma mod. The sLoep will be sboru ti>morrov. Tbti lioraa 
wui; frigbtviiii^d, find rwLT^d. A bottU< of ink biu buf^n apxlc^ on 
your oorpi^t. TIit>y ooQBidot tboii* t^al^u-Li^e taucb t/oo auutXL Tbf> 
griLofi b&a not beep monri this yi^or- Bbs vo^ i^ot reuJy wh«\i I 
mlltd to litir. I tiiougbti you luuet buvv gone uiud wbi>Fi you 
put your foot in the fire, W« hiive Dot yet verified the ntfttter- 
Xbti bottle should not be put on the dinm^-tablu. 



TH£ WEAK VERBS 

VERBS WHOSE FIRST RADICAL IS QAT*A 

% 187. As ther^' w-rha are few in number^ andpreAi'iii v^ooA 
irref^iJatiLiea, it >\ill be cuuveiiiect to give a liab of tlium. wiUi 
thtf forms t^oninioiily iu u:4^. Tt vill he? noticed tluLt in moBt of 
Iham tbe priitdtive or aimplo fuJ'ui ia vuifvirig^: — 

'who give peit}iiia'on. 
Aor- a'lii], U'vtXf dec. 
I'ortioip. act. mi'sia Partk'ip^ paoa. ma'sQja 

X. ifttiL'^iu af/: pfffmiJin'ou 
Aor- aata'^^, Jco. 

1. Awiu- (fi) irraprew, aamy 
Aor, a'a^for, ti'ua^ur, tta, 
Farticip- ma'a^^iir, Ac, 

' See g 60h Rum- ' Zfj* i»€. * HftrdflJ b nior<» imtiLt 

• Or mintiqallft. * uiAdi'm, • ma'lk, 

^ Thfl ijup^mtivo, btliitr m evwy uau regiilttiiy farmr'l, ia 
i)m]tt^*[| for Oi^ lULkL- af brevity. 



160 



THE SPOKEN ABABIC OF EGYPT 



Aor. at'ifir, &c 
Fftrtioip. mit^ifir. 

I. Aggar letf hire 
Aor, ft'agg&r 
Fartioip. me'agg&r 

V. it^gar b0 kt 
Aor. aVaggar 
Farticip. mifa^gar 

I. Wahhid rscognite tks unity of Ood 
Aor. awahbid 
Farticip. znewaMiid 

VIIT. Utahad ^ (or ittahftd) /onn a compact with 
Aor. altihid (attahid) 
Farticip. miltihid (mittihid) 
Akhad take, usually ehortened to khad and conjugated aa 
follows ; — 

PAST TENSE 



SCASC 




FEIL 


1st pera. kbadt 




kbadt 


2nd pera. khadt 




kbadtl 


3rd pora. khad 


khadna 
VhndtQ (m) 
khadll(-in) 

AOEIST 


bhadit 


let pen. Afrhad* 




Akhnd 


2nd pers. t&khnd 




tftkhdt 


3k1 pers. y&khad 


Fldbal 

nfikbnd 
takbda (-m) 
yakbdfl (-m) 


tAkhnd 


Imper. khnd, khndt, 


khudfl (>in). 




FaHicip. act. wakbid. 


, wakhda, wakhdtn.' 


i 


Farticip. pass, wanting- * 





^ A corruption of itta^iad. The latter form is in use among 
the educated. 

* The a of the Jlrat Bjllablea ol the aor. is not prononneed 
very long. 

' Makhid, &C-. will Rometimes be kejird, 
« Mn'khl^Kin Nahwy. 



THE WEAK VEBBS 



1G 



ftkhftx, tlmt of th* Bemnri iloriuefl foitn flkliiK Tlii rot of thf* 

t'jikLiKuiaJi |]rlur, mu t'ukliufltiiali) '/j? uv£ Uaine rm.; pardvn me. 
TiVUud, yiklmd, itL\» u-jh aouiebimej* lieaiii Tor titkliuil, Jic. 



i. 
11. 

V. 

\L 
L 

V. 

I. 

A or. 
PartLi'ip. 
I. 
A or. 
PATticip^ tiCt. 
I. 

Aor, 
Pirtioip, 

I. 

II L 

IV. 

V. 

X. 

iy> 

X 

T, 
T, 

L 
T, 

Akal eat. 



Ak\tkhiit 'ietatj, fl'iikhkhitr, mo'ukhkimr. 

Akiiir Au/(/ i^ii'i, tt'okhir, me'rJtIiiv. 

it'iikhkltJLr Z*? fjiiir, ^ '/ou (natch), at'ukLkhiir, 

□lib'iikhkhftr. 
ittrikMr '^iOT\d bacl-, &ttiikLii', niittukJiir, 
AddiH teach one •j'-fxl tiiariTKrit a'nAd'ih, meWdib. 
ifiiddiL be tanjjftf, •j''^. 
Iddfin fo/f f't yrtiyei: 
fvidanf tidd&ci, &c. 
DLti'jMldiii.^ 
Idda, ijit:^. 
oddl, tiddf, ke. 
luiddt. 
Waddi ctrni-^fj {the lit^'mrj ftddn), 3rd pets. $lng< 

fam, irlbt (for iddit), 
ftViiddL 
mewiuliil. 

AiL hurf, yi'ti, pu'tlclp. wuiil^ug* 
Aszd. 

Ill pfti'tk'ip. tnxi'ti injunouii, 
\i'i\?A /'V Jivrt lit'izt, mit'iKh 
Itp'fLUa //f liftnOifi'At, db'ozz/i^ uiib'nul. 
AwLr fiiakn f/i^itiW. n'air, }HLrtii*i|i- w«.iitiiiff, 
iF^to^r (iHta<y4ar} same inPuE]iii>;, u-st^atitf, mutSflar. 
It'oa^iit rfi/n-i^ ^l,t'l^Asii, mit'Ae&H. 
Put' til' ip. uiisbi'sif, rtyi^ttiutj. 
AshrHiiir jrifirt, a'aahshai', Aiai, 

Ai'aa M'sril, a*rL&, wikrU** 

Akkitl ('ilIu) fiE/i^f, ^j^, a'akkid, itc-^ 

it'akkid t'f roinnnred, iff. 

The qa^'a ^nd vowel nlmoL^iklwriyadiauppiVLrui the 



' Tfae Nailery niu"n.Rj(m is bomtftiim^s howri, nspecJally whan 
Uded Buh^taiil i\ c<ly of tlie uij^d wLw cj^lld tv |mbjor> 



163 



TH£ SPOKEN AIL^BIC OF EGYPT 



iipok^n Ungtu^e. aud the verb is conjugttioA^ tiii-uughout Like khii^> 
iM kjilit ititf 'tte, UaIiiu toe tai, iLkul 7 t-a/. >uk}\i thff/ ^ut. kul caf» 
waIcII #aUn^. I& tb^ pnrticip pju^.f Tnchkni.^ tint q^t'A n>~ 



L 

Aor. 

V. 
VI- 

II- 
V. 

ArJT, 

Pai'tirip. act. 

Piu-ticip. pjbt3 

V. 

1. 

II. 

III. 

I. 
II. 
V, 
X. 
X. 
X 

I, 

IL 



I. 

V, 



nwaklcii (}L'a,kkil). 

tiiL-wukkU (oiG'^kkil), 

jt'JkkLkLi] Ig '.tttert, diC, 

iLLikliil /;l' eaff7t, Att/ikkult &u 

AlUr fffmjku^ vrite, n'lUlif^ iDd'uUif auZ/ioT* 

AmoT cOTTunarul. 

a^iaaTf tl'tuur {rarvl^ bti'mui'). ^c 

wiinting. 

AmJimi f.'ttfutf, iriitit , li'jbuijuiu, &a 
flmin ht^here, inirt^ n'jlmiu, m**'itnla. 
In fMLTtidji, mu-uiu Uliemru^* 

itwfkonU (bi) be a'-r.&Tup-Mii&i, hatvfitr •■"fftpani\fU. 

Intu'i»Lfri/'/«j*'(u^itiuAtaJei'i*ii(jii),iist«'uir,mWtii'nif. 

latATinil (for isb^'mt). o-^tJiTuiu^ mUtATinf, 

Intulii] (for ti^'hU) tc feoHhjf^ deta-tv, AsUhilt 

tiiktiLil. 
Aiyiil ajlrii', rwififfti. a'wjiJ, -tc. 
it'ftiyld tt^ iijirrue't. 
Ayia rw^, lirnv, 'i^/^r f^j\ a'av* {for ft'Afu], 

me'flVR{fur mo'fiyisj. 
Au (tor awnu) irrifw [of « tlma or witBoD), ji'fiit 

pit'tidp. wanting. 

itvr&i-rA U tf^crj^ni, Atwturi, imtwun'!. 



^ Til »4'kCliit tdiUi-M. MltUkliil ]« ontw&rily uwi Tot 

iiiA'kAL 

^ P'yhap*c5tyiinjlogiciillyt*u[ii]wt«iWi!lT['a'y xrr.il,*- TKml furm 

MtrA(fK>r, nun), mth<Mlmlf'(<t of Hvm,»9 rUiJti^^h h<MS iwrtC Atvi 



THE WEAK VERBS 



\m 



5 18S. Att^Qtiou isciil!*d to thei fitllowLQj; peenliaritioe, Ulua- 
triiU'J b)* the aViove 4^?uimpioa •-- 

(a) in *ome t^i&es quVa passes into »r* aa iil wakliH (lor 
"ild^id), *alJii<l (for- '^hLtd), or into y, a-i iu i«W^Mr (for isiJi-yAiLr, 
for istdk'aur) ; pr difts-ppteura ultogetbeTt &d <r prt'Oi^irji; it beinf? 
If'n^heDed to u, aa iti yakul^ yfikhud (for ja'kul, \n'kbud)> bt^hil 
(for iatu'hil) ; ' i>r is asfiimilAted to f , &« in ittuhiid (for it'ftbj^), 
itt^ikil (for it'ilkn), o.ad tn n in istanTLn (For ibu'iui]. 

(A) The two verbs iiiian and iJda ti\kf* f in^gulariv for a in 
the fii-sL eyllabti^. Botb drop qA^'b with its voTri.^1 Id th« oonsb., 
bitd i'ldk uIm ill the pirtplciplfin" naiddl (for lul'iddt). 

(f) M I'lr n jwrrrtV^/iFt^ is quite iir^^jliu-, resomblinp the parti- 
oiplt^ of tb^ third form.^ It should h*- vea^m (for i^.lii), but it 
would thi?<ij ttAve the sftiDo form aa tho particip. of wuzaiL tir 

{d) IttAkbU, ittnkhul, ftnd itti^khir (for it-Alcbi], ^cO. thoii^^b 
mTijui^ted oft^ thu aiAtb farm, b^ur tb« «titiBt(t ot the tourtb or 
fiJtfi. 

('ir) Kbod and hul taki^a for I ID tbe aorist in compi^iiaiLtkii] 
fur the liwof Ibe <|ftt*ip flJiri wflhbid i for di fn thcBMond sylUble, 
thot it may rt>»oiiibk' in aound tho word wahid, 

{/} Tbe forms VII*, IX,, oik! XL are not in use. 

§ lHi>. i^lntiol ■p^'H uix^Lirs in tbe \'Firb« rrL'a jie^, rji'nT fi< iff- 
dviffent, ejv.tig^, &hi.'&m be o/iU "niL-n, and ^ii'iU iiy/-. 

The tbroo L&ttor njf toiijujiatoJ re^Iarly, the iioriat bcin^- 
si'uf, tii'af. J^c*. the Inipontivii ir'nf &c.» tlie pitrticip. lut. riyif 
(for ri-il). tliA piuticip. |j;i6s. uiHr'flf ; but uotu that while ra'nf and 
m'ol t&k(j t in the tinat flyUabl^ of the &oruft and impeitttiva, 
ahu'&in ink^e x. Mas'iU ifl mwd in the een«e of r^poit/tiUf^^ 
Slui'ikUi Lua for its first dtrivod form, bv eobetitutioii cf w for 
<|jbt*rk, lihiiuwiiii ^niTKly uba"iLm\ Rb'6 (for ra'ay) makeK m-'^ / 
mxte, ktu. (rtjguljirlu) ; oor. uik'T, tiiu*f, &c* (irreg^iu-lv, for ar^ay^ 



< Or» in the lan^uftg^ of the gr ammm Tan^ the ham£& (qaf'a) 
ia ronrortod into tho aS'/ jn-oiinciionitt. 

' Th« Former appcora ks uiznn iia Nubwy, .xniJ 10 regarded u 
tho flrnt ilerivwd forrii of ar4iii jtpnni'/. Acrnnlirig lo rule, the 
word should hv i.j.ldiD ta th^ 4^olloquiAl. Th« rr of the finnj 
fiyllublfi H'-*t||is to b<^ in uampontutioji for thk* woakcMiiiif of the 
^itit. lAti^i VK prrhfipii tb« literiu-y &ddA. irhiuh alao, oa has hveu 

" /.p. MHi'nn, whiL'b «iiata in the liienirj Ijuigus^ in th« 
MUM of irr/Wnrint^ 



1«4 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



Ac); Lmp^rAt. {m. und t) lu'l; partioip. oH. vi'i (rftyl) ; partidp. 
pnsp, nob ui aspf-^ 

^ ISO- Fiuiil i]ttl'a liki-wUe oCfnr*( in u few fcrba only. Mijat 
nf tluim are ronjugiit^L r^pilArlT, aa kid' r^carft {^e*iond danT«dl 
Fm'm kif LuiuBed primiiivo I'^rhj, koli'b, kA&'nn, kc^i aor. iik£fi', 
ttc- 1 ifiiperittF. 1ai£' ^ porticip. mek^li' . hiviyn' (L) 'i/^cnr /runtfur io, 
Imi^u'tf tuu'. fLli&]irJL% -tc- -, i^Tza.' (1.) und intfih^' (X.) ni/)f-k, raaJt$ 
Juno/. 

J Ittl. The rerbsa/i' (fc«' 8£\ coatractoii I'li-nn eowit') (fo Aiirm 
/o UXid aiui' tt'iir aliaji-) rwA ore «t.inn*whj*t JiiHgulur in tJieir 
conjuipitioTL. Tti6 first mii-kns Hi"!.. Ai'nii. 4.'te<r-. in Lbe [tust tent»i 
aoi'.ftir.tifil', Ac ; impenii.ol' ; j.iftrticip- iia%. B*7i'(ior ML*iJ, The 
Uiii^ forni 19 Ma' (by coQtractLOQ), ku'iJI/ uaod except in tlio 
partiuip, tui»\^ (for uiiis'l). 

Flia' injikeM bLi'l, i!tt., m the (>H.st ienao : aKlia', tisli^', nr (in 
imitatiaii of tlie litenLry) taeb4i',^ Ac, m th« aoiist. The imjieint. 
Uid piu'tici^is. are not ID uae. 

Rem.auh. — Sovci-jil verlw* which haye fimU qatV in tht; cl^iaaknl 
liuiguagd hiiifo 1/ iu the Cuiinne dialei'l,a» qm-il (^e, <i»irfty)* tt^./ 
(c]a3«i<: qnnx'). Hftijui' \iaa a ilu]>lii^l« form, haiyi (oi hai^a), 
with haiyct, hajyuiur Ac, For thu tithui' pe^rdouA of tin? iHhsL tenMi^ 
and jibiLya, Jtc-.for the aotUt, 8W' oftuu ifoiJs it<^ ija-fii iii Uio 
pxpreAKh:)Q in uhik' AlLib «/ r?fN^ tri//, which thf»Li beuomtw iu 
thu Wah. 

VOUABULARY 



nuuit 



to 
wJtt ihrrtp 

binding 
hmHruf 



bukawlt 
hia 



ajfuir, '•HM 
ffrandmttffigr 



* Hut (for r&*tt) id imad by MliUji.'Cii unirarskilyi uml hf 
Cani-'nca in tlit^ eAprtfiHiou j& t'^t ttvu/</ f/irJ, ^. Tlut iitcrkr/ 

V Wlvu thw U uMsd th« MU.-«ut fiLUi sLiKbtlj (t>i<>a|(h ruutru^ 
t» rclr) fiD Ibo fiuAil itjlLjLblvt A4 it U«u »>iu«tua«a du»6 iu liti\m,\ 

> Sm i 20a «^ * Turkiak, 



hH 



THE WEAK VERBS 



lec 



EXERCISE 61 

qti^A '11 {UKibjU Wkk1i<l^ ^fbli'iiAp Aim iilchbtu k'^tlr fi i in>»- 
'aUi i\\. LMiT iiiJi ti'»ik.1i/iteLh, hf^wji Tua'/iir. JUya Uuiidll 
bt'tituUtliid mill ^h&r mha.h. Liiini i.J*Uchir tiJif^k ttliiiwiiiyL 
KfiiiQ mittjtklirlh wo qaMln l)i*Jd 'unnT. H roi":iiMui IkiyvLinti 
kullr ynm tl d diihr- Abfly.-i mjL >-i'iil lUh ' k^irniS atntddml '*!« 
II nia lii I liM- Iklin iiii^liLt lu 1 kitjib da! Ann. 11 |j;t'-4li il 
muKTl mist^Mir *ftfljifc[r mill hfti\* \d dHrfiwlsl]. 11 gilda hetaht 
il kiUb dfb mo'ttahfltianw, JtUkliir **nii! shuwAiya lahs^ii] v\ 
iltnytt huT. Li^Eim li^kkkid 'aJch Icinnu yivaddi 1 fulQa '^lIa 
bftl. B1>>« nynit 'liln "uiui-ibjh ve HLitiit UAfsih:! S I bt^lir. Aiui 
mi'ftjiti wnijiTJifi, Kryn nia tigl tip.- Sl)i jir-'afsbr iihiuljin 'ala 
I kb»i/Iif]lmlT^ min Uh ehu^ht. IITiwil htk vira'tuT v umi niTich 
linru'lU, ^Oyy ma al^ak at'u. Hamma ^01 in nifchjii- jiatrfihxil' 
11, Ut^'a ma kaEiltab luifii'^ lik. 

EXKRUiSE fiS 

Are ynij pning t<o <'ii-t thiM npplp ^oureelf nr ^vr \t to tbe 
boTBB bo eaiT'^ Isbe vnp, I'onv^inctii thjiti vou ^uul not tAkeu tfae 
iimlii!iii4-, SLti bafi c:ijmpi?fk?<] i^ iLit'tJonarv Aiid it |£imiiiDiir. If 
br permits iiiir/ I will gn. Tb4> tivv will beu' when its timfr 
romei^ Ymi doQ^t d^eiTe voui' wn^t'a het'iiiiAe jmi don't wort, 
Wbo took thi- bidcLuLr fixim tb^ cupbottrd ^ HaH of tbem we 
cAtcn- T Bm i;oin^ to jifik poT'iiiiH^icu Fi'oui him t<i'^ t^i^ one 
<ff his Lild gjii'menta' mid gii-ti id Uj tbt* TriuTi who »ii.^ lit^giiig 
in otir Eti-e^t v^-^ti<rchby. TLei c^uiirt Ijafl pfvrtpTfiiefl tbi^ bearing 
of your CA^ tdl to-Ujuiruw'fi ^iltiii^'. Th^ houfic- b^Ls bfen lf*t 
to my ^irkUiLtiiotbi.'i'. Voii aie liktrc?! Forg^vtr mc, my watcb It 
rfow,'' Givp UH thei plpusiiiv 'if your notiety" thU eit^iiing. He 
doe?J 'L!i b^ ]ikiH% PjBOJiO Gal, we sliivll floe vou Jit^e to-riiorrov. 



* For yi'iiji Hah, 

* Fom- m a neuter ^enae. (See g W7.) 
■ WftkkU, wiib double direct object 

* Tratis. Ui r'n". 

* Tb<* verb l/> pt>w»*de iW >ubj»<tt 

* *Ala inni, 

~ biixuA min bidAiuii 1 qtitUixi, (8f^ S 443. tiot« ? ) 

* riel»jitig. 

* tigl wanniflDJL 



166 



TITE STOKEN- ATIADIC OF EGVPT 



VERBS WHOSE TlR^T RADICAL IS tr 

g 192. Thesp Ara canjugitpul aa perfei.-t vfrba excopt for the 
contractions ri^Aulting from the fiemi-vow^l crvture of the Nf. 
Xbua wft*iMl ;>j\m'/sp mjiki?« in tin? ootist cu*iii, tfl'id, yC'id, itc. 
[for aw*id, tiwid, ikc,); in tbe irapei-at. Q*id (for iwiJ), a;ii1 
in ih& pailiinp. pu^s. niAU'Eld (for nuLW'^rl). Similarl^^ Ku<|»i', 
yilqu.% &C.J fiom wiqi' faU. 

RcuABK a. — TLf fiidt sjlluUi^ of the lat p^nt, aing. of the 
LUjmt &oiui^limi^:> H^uudd ihtittost as u inst^nd of au. 

Remark /'. — Wnqaf g[op qiilIci?? in the iinnKt tuqaf, >"iiqB^i 
Ac, and occ&GUJtmUy tiqfLf,^ ka. Tb^ Imp^nit, i« ticjaf. Wiql* 
(aometunes vikqa'] maJcefi ikqri' more frequently thnD ^uqa* ta 
th? lab pers aiiig- of tlio wiiUt ; tuqii^ ytu^u*. ^,. in U^e utljvr 
pHrsans. and ooi-iutinniklTy tiqji^ y'l^S ^<^ 

^ tdS. Tbft followini; vorbs taku a in udditkiQ to t]i[»3i>> wVioOO 
LDE^iikl radical is A* /t. or ^ or wliorte liauJ nulicjj ia A, A, \ ^, 
or M - — 



attd oecaaionallv wii-ia iafMrit,* 



arritfe (time cr 


vmm 


tlTfJl 


ociTiKUin) 


wi4L] 


m-rive 


fin.i 







% 194, Witvnf ileatrihe takee i irro^Iajly for u. Mud tbs 
foTFowii^^ i' in-ofli.tliu'ly for a." — 



vmbftg 


confime 


iTcli&sb 


majie 'h»"latt 


mih&r 


/rigfiten 


wu'iui 


priFTttue 


wtthiun 


jri'fhUn 


WAAOf^ 


l«ad 


VHbab 


J^fW 







Rkhark— ^Tlie AfirUt uf WHgml is qo^I botb rii hq nrtlTv 
unci u pp^uJxi'Q ecknoe. OccuaioQAlly yQgid if L^qut] (in ui nvtivo 
aease only) for yl^^^.' Wof^b makes yf^pb. when meftuinf 

Id the >>i^lith foiTB the » ii nAiiTiinfktDd to tJii» ;, kji in virba 



' Rut lirjuf is srari'fJy \mvk} nuirv^nt', 

• Hut, hHvdly from th<i li|w of h \t\w i-nirfniw. 

• Rnt it in I'^wly owd rolloquially in this m>twu-. 



THE WKAK VFBRS 



Ifl7 



vf\iMf !ii'«t mdxttil is <iii\%, M ittwU reactit fr<»m wijil (for 
^ i'.trt. 'tho fiilliiwin^ ftr« exam|)1nn of the d«iTed forma:— 



T. 


WahhRgh wnlr trittt 


VT. 


itwftrih /m jitart^i 




Wn^^;i>i iitrn^ ilirmi 


VIL 


iavrufin,' ifrwrtr* 


11. 


wiliub dani 




(murt- 




irlfiq Oj/rer iri/^ 




UBUalJy 


III. 


Aiigab ajipro'irh (of a 




itwn.^'ft") 




timi'. tiutvuti) 


VIIL 


ittftfcal, i^ttch 


IV. 


itna^ui, /•r futii¥i 




i^tt^il, 




ntwigiiJ, 




mitti^il ^ 




^tc 


TX. 


Not iii II8K 


T, 


itwiih^Al Utiitearedinth 


X. 


Utuuljash /WA>m* iw/rf 




Uittd 




wtBuli'i '<:^' i/Cfirra- 




itWAggili //« turned. tii~ 




liitni' itfciiit- 


1 


Tftted 




drtm* 



Reharc n. — The ;^n<tnil mmLrka wfair^ hiivp benii inadu 
frith ragnrd Ui tbe Ei^iHi^ibion and uep of tLe derived forms 
of tli'^ perfect vprU itpplv. of couraf>, to those nf thp wiy^k verb, 
AH, Tor instniiL'e. tLfii. tJie jinrtii^ip. pitSH. nf tha pi'iuiiLivf forin 
oftoii ivfc[i!ar<'s that of th^ tbirij. fonilh, anr! oi-hop Fornoj*, iia 
ilwftfATi if*f tcfi'jh^, m»uaan iPci'jhe'U 

BouiLic £. — Vei'liA of tbis cl^Ma vhone riedul ukd fiiuil 
rivlii-iils arif itleiilL-Hl priflttint tuj irrpguljirhy whiLi^vcir. 



VOCABULARY 



WlLTJin 


trri'jft 


ItwAhat 


he n'lyfl**/, sfurl; 


^td 


I'^jHt, ;/ifv irirth U> 


ilwiUfln 


lie fre'(ihe't 


t^M:*' 


/ittrlf jMtin 




f'S i'iilctt 


%^ urt'ui] 


j'ut im tratv* 


at-i at a go- 


^va>>hii' 


iiiiike y'H'j}i 




M'aren 


^vjl»q 


•"jft-e 't'llh 


wjidd 


fiii-i^ 


ilViihuA 


>j^t en/an'jt^^i. 


wiun 


i'teite 




*tudct etrawitfl 


kiisLiJ 


unOfirr. jttr- 


itWAl^^AAh 


h^ wnu^i tuio a 




/vttfe 




tata^ 


HulL^itI 


nurth 




* Nuhw} 


Riuttafil. 






* In tens, 


Ttf. 





>s 


THP- 51P0KEN ARABIC OP BGTTT 


qibl! 


mutk 


tDfkkbiU iJ jioft^ffiet ^ 


wahali 


tfild ixMtH 


hni\tt ' 




irupffnanrti 


|jnr;'iiu iri-onff, fttianu 


loivi 


afjL rfiitfinFiif^ ff^ 


ijiU-p 




doT'UKtn 



EXEECrsE B8 

>iApn >eyo dU Wa Uiigudtish uuit fi ra^liUi lamtna «inniu 1 
kh«'L, lIiirTiinii kil^u luitwo^pittD 'tilu 1 \mUv. I! bittb Uli tltQii 
luoijitliu jliuwiiiya tu'i:^ Fltn ] Jijti^ili wl^ titwiliis, Inln nd} 
tOli(kshiLl Jihiuniu tjCilir Hi]W4 ra^l iiiTl.H^jUitiu«h rk'^i 1 wali^h, 
\Vii:|if vit.wibil ^ li 1 kiUiUn Hija '"llU tCiri^ tibOlm w iimiuihii U 
viLb'liL4i. Wfuil>- il bab 'iLaluin ma Luul<imli yiktiiifiui. VittL^ilu 
jm|c mill ^uiLtl AlhUt. ILiIavil aAkiJi f^ mnni- tiilu £&iiiaii >i ^^iliri 
wi stJLiilid lietifjk. Tl ^JimiL] ila miiaHriii wi-^in'' |:iiiiriil 'ilU'Il. Ih 
rlgU dfi siftutuiiJii li 1 gibM. Hiva wildit wiiIjpI^m fi Wtti** wuhd*.' 
Iq 9ih^/u& wiimiqtt walln lisea^ ^la knuHho liUim tiwtuu ^u^h 

EXEftCISE 60 

ller f«^»* WHS titrii*"! (trttli*) ftimT]i, My pvf* jmn^ ms. Hpt 
rlfrthen were tinwiivil uLth nmd, IK'r h»ot- ws^ SM^dliiig from 
tbe LiU' of the mosqmW. hvnVv fb*' diM>r il litU** to.^ She 

air], or yon will full <l"Wii* tbo st-*'p9. Sin* will dftSfTihp the 
Eoufii* to ynii, Wt> hmi *uTiv<?«l (at) the Fyrwrnils before they 
Ipft' tliP holvl. You (p^ur.) are ov^rloivling" vour donkey*. I 
will vu-l imytnit gD-bi>twefln * in tin* imit.tnr. UaIli* a Jitllo ruom 
for mv, \i\eu8o. Dun'l tit*^^" the om-I'^ui^'u lii th^ midtll^ of Ui« 



* TLp iv»r, ift ofr.eu p(|tuvaloiit to tho pftrt-icip. in £iij(li«b. 
■ I.e. jNrf tri ftf litde. * ].e. «''/A a hur^^m. 

* I.B. ^riB*. ^ Panit-iji. of itwinl), 

* Trauji /fflm nn ^ (Hi' m\\\- 

* 'Pr%n»< nvr bj kvf^r at t^Ti4 of «if]it»u(*^ 

^^ Kimt ih'rivihl fortii of wEnlf. 



THE WILAK VKKR8 



16D 



VRRIift WHOSE MEDIAL EADTCAI. IS W^ 

5 ion. MoBt of Ui^'*i:'Hifftr from thi^ »*tioii^ ver>)ftin the pHmi- 
tivih ffinn JLii'l in llit^ fiiurtli, wvf^atli. I'i^litti, :LTid t^utli cUrivtirl 
forma. In thn fnHst tflnsft of tho primidvf trtVi T,bp?j', witb its pre- 
tdlinf iiinl folit»wiri|; vowelft, t-ojitmcta into 't wlion lb*- Utter of 
tVi*fto viiwrla IB folKiw(*d bv aainple foria^riftot, and into" wbeii U 
U folluwvij by two (MiiHojuLrttfi ; wbi^e in the mii'iKt thn rr, witU ItA 
tolU>win|T uhort Tow«l,or>[it]-act(j inti> tVi^ Lcr^vow^l vbioL is homo- 
f*et:i«out(t'>t}ie rtboi-t one. Iti th^ fourth. ^vvntlj. ''iizLth.&nvl tenth 
forui* the »« witli jt^ vowf la* becoiiii>9 i; m tLe pu&t tpu^<? when 
tlii^ Fo1liivin^ vowt-1 |iE'Hi'<u]'ts II htir^ld cun^miut, Aiifl rj wliitn it 

!krrw*-Jefl Lk .^^ubjo ciHiftoniLiit ; whil*' in thv iioiiflt th& it, with iU 
oUowihk ^uwi-l, oi:«iiti';n"ts tit 4. Thcs? form* ore, howi^ver, 
Aimi^tiiacii coiijii^Ehte*^ rr^nlrvrly* In t^ie impeinktivi^ the iuitlak 
vowr-l fiilk fLVJiv, ami in thr* nctive |HU-tioip|u tli» v^ Is wiiaktiniHl 
to « qft^A 'Ji' 't 9r:u'felv uui.1ible ^. 

f 1 97. TJjo folloving is wn eominplo of tho oonjuj^atiou of the 
primitive verb; — 

PAST TENSE 



let. jrrirA. f^ult (for qawolt) 
£iifl (rtirfl. ifiilt (for qEtwnlfc) 

Sfti plll'^. <\\\\ (for qftwjU) 



rut. 

quitt (for 4a>T«Jtl) 
qAlit (fm' qnwiLlit) 



ru'UJu ron both QnMieita 
qulna (for qawnlim) 
qnllAf i^uftum (for qawoltri m) 
qAlfL, q'ltuuj (foi- qavaliVm) 

A O R I S T 

1st ppTH. AqAI (Far iiqwiil) aqftl 

2nfl p^ra. tiqQP loqfll (foi' tiqwiil) tiqtll1» te«qfllf (for 

tiqwulO 
Srit pen, jiqftl, ywliU{foryiqwiil) tiq^^r t«.H|Al 



^ In "ouiff <if thi^ao vrrba tbe midill^ railioiLl wn^ oniKaallj' /j, 
or sonii* i»tbi*t ^'iitliirol . cf. Onbiia tuv] di^^ liolb im^^iniii^ lu 
^riuh, nhLYt i'lr f/Mty jl?uI tht> Jite^tury Mhcihlbn, Atiilui-nc mfiLri 
tirear witb Et}nf>|i. innhuli. 

* Tbr 1st ]rt-fs. Ainp. of the luir. of 'IU /oAv nsftt^ is pni' 
nouncciJ a'A;^u iit tlic^ cjiprefision n'^Eu billAh, as in the Liteiiu'y 



170 



THE SPOKEy ABABIC OF EGYPT 



mqfkl, DeqfJ (For iiiqwul] 
tiqQlO-m. t*<qiilfi-m (far tiqwiilA-m) 
yiqfllfl-m, ycq&lQ-xn {for jiriwulfl-m) 
Trnpornt. mnsc qfll. fern, qftii, Flur. qrtlfL 
Piu'Mcip. jK't. q&yil (qA'U), Piuticip. piss, itct in uec.* 

TlKM.uiH (I, — The Nifchwv jiui^sivB o£ Uiu< vt^ri^ r|11 ^for qowilV 
with it* HOT- yuqiil (fiiryiJrjWal). woj'Pasioiiftllv use*! impetsonflUy, 

Reuark k — A fe« v<^rl»6 ret^ua tb© ir iu U^e ptr fHuiple, u>) 
[A«i" iiiiriftjiij (aXsn tiiji"). Thw purticipli* cf 'Ae Frun/ i»{ either 
'i\«ir (in |troTiiin'?mt.iijri ulmost 'j*nz) nr 'iija (*flj*)- Yi'tJ, ya'tc, 
iii'H flometimen hiioril for vi*i^/, vti'Aa. Nlim ^feeft urnkva nimt, 
iiiiDjm« iUs« iu llir< |Rifit te]i»?, tliuu^h it in for imAiku.- 

g lyH. HA^ rriH/iiJn. kliflf * /rrn', nftm/ flii4 fAI (in tU» oX^tnA- 
kion lam yn^jil, g &45^ luk" -^ in thth JiitJil svllable of tli^ Jiomt.* 
All othoTB tpftkc n. A Fow ftre coiiju£»tf^d liki>T«rW with mcdUl 
y in tiie pntuitivt^ f'jj jil« aud in tbt" derlrod f<>iiii4 like iliitsi* with 
mfvlijil rr,rLiUJ\1 TT^Vr^hilt I rr/err&f , itor. jlIiII, but ^jluwlI, ithauiril. 
ito. ; \n^ W/rv, yilt'. idjiIcos ^tiwa,^ or laiva' in the liriit dtim'od 
form; *dii ^'c^p, V'^. 1st pers, *int, run\ yi*1n, but I J. ^iwiD or 

^ 199 Vei-h« (if Xhh c}itss wliose fund I'ftili^ftl is y flwing thui 
doubly icapf?irfix-t) Jtr4> not enbjrtit to tb(« contj'actionA doscribt-ii 
bluvo, AS ktiwn triiiit m^r. akwt ; noi' are the fcillowLuj^: :— < 



liviP 


//rr'*if fa/ J 


(1»wakb 


7>]fl//' tp^'tj/t 


If bftiyjit (and 


tij'j/ JtiiPti dUCfi 




ift^fTpnVfCr 


ita [tJiSsSivo 




duwftsh 


• i'-a/eit 


gbuv^ir) 




r.iwir 


fhtik* 


hatvbi 


talk eryn- 


'awug 


bmii 




/iiAedti/, 


knwa^ 


rvrtine 




flriiie riltjf 


kliiLwnt 


further _ 


bftwU 


ttptita 




1 



hiLgiui^e, It will UDi be forgotbvu that tbt* di^al A^Jlitbl« lb ]d^> 
nouiKivd VM-v jihoi't, HXDOjA vhaiL, iLR o^'^'AAi'iiiril 1 v hH|tpc>nii, u u 
mibatitTitii^il mr i or c, aa yuiiiflt //'< t^t^rf (for yiiuiH). 

' Mittjijl or |iuiii|riliU'k*Ui^'^i] iusLt^iul ; ^1 ruiK < ' i im^/tQ, 

' riti'mry rtuwiiriK- Iji tik*i lilviury Uiuyu . ■ -.i liuva 

i for tb# N(*oaiid vowul. 

* Yuk'iilf in soin*>ti!tiP» bofitii fiif yikbii, 

' N4ui i» iiltf^u iidcil with A pJUi:»LVr ai;^|iiEic^dUoit, U U >jUu iU 

* AJ»o fil. ■apeciallv in the Hvn**^ of /o ^va'^', &« tf^rvf m^-m^\. 



THE WEAK VEUBS 



171 



Thus the partit'ip. &ct. of ktiAwnt is WMvit, Ita partictp, pu& 
DQiikhwflti its fourth dorivod form itkliiLWuL Tbe poj-tioip, puss, of 
'una^ ifi mA^Qff (for mtt^wfi;;^ ; tbe wvenlli fonu ol dikwjkkb (kiul 
dawQcL, inilnnukh JtmJ LJLiljLwii^h rGe[je<:tLVf>l;, 

g 200. Of thpJio TMba, ti'^iU glin^'iit* j^hiiwutn nnd ziwir t*itn 
a in tho aorist, the roet f (dawnkh unrl kitwa* irrepulnrlv)-" 

^ SOL Tbe following i^re iurituiiice« of tbe d«<ived forms of 
Uioae which coDtracb; — 

L dituwar ' tvm rrmnd {dkc) 

tauwib eaitsf ta rrjrent fUl>) 

IT. gAwir he jifiiijhbouy tn 



giiwib or (by 


aatiper 


lot pere. ifilwiht ; nor. 


L contraction) 




ng&ub : impefiit^ 


F g'*"^ 




gaub; jurticip. m(»- 

KHub 


IIL frq&m 


reaida 


IfltperSraqumt;* aoh 
aqlm ; parfcicip. 
muqim, mei]1in ^ 


IV. itLfiflh 


U kept off 


Istpera itW^ibt ; luii. 
mitlubb 


V, iridmwTir 


ha turaeil imtn'i 




■ ^ellBhAUWU/] 


}^lQ/trf 




' i^guMvis 


t/ff niftrri'^l, uiairy 


Yt. ittiwil ('iilifc) 


itx/axili. abwtf 




ittaiib {fiJT 


yoiim 


jHLTiicip, mittdwib, 


itt-i^vib) 




mittflub 


yiL inhoHli 


he ^ypi off, gri 


Inbp^rs, iubjtnbt^aor. 




ntoai/ 


jiiibish 


inlui^iV i^**' 


hi^f 


max', yinhivig 


oaotoiOt«d) 






VIH- Oitap or (ui. 


w 


lai pers. ibto^ or 


4M)uLriiL-twi) 




ihtawri^ : nor. 


thtawog 




^itftg or ahtiwig: 
pnrtjaip. mibtftg or 
mibti^vlE 



BMDEid form, gbiLiiw^it, gcinf^iiJIv tnlcing ita pEiiciii. 

> Hee§ 141 {•!). ' ' » Orri^Mi^vfcT. 

* Obflervc thnt in Lhe dmvod forma the 't of tbo pnat MrtA^ 
14 [rmtntamed Liirotigboufj, 

^ (Il_ is very rarely Ufterf. latiqim (Utfitiftm), with ifttDO 
m«u.Dirg, u mctrij common than tu^Am. 



ITS 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



IX. lAWEidd 



tant bliuJt 



umt>ruob»d) 



ftnr. il*wiijI(1 : parti' 



jfltJLinvnt pt*tKiifl fo br 

lieatt ot vnvfrhfl 
XL Nnt in UM- 

RwAUK (3.^ — Nim ji^-^/j, /(> Amtu, h(ii< uEiijjItj Tiaiyiro ftvt io 
tleFjy. fait 'Jtjicii^ for il*^ fir^b fierirod lorm, hh tlnju^h the iDiiJilln 
iTulicTil wra-H ^, hut riit;iwmi is u«'afiu>tuilT;r lifitrcL QiLiyini ritijf 
(from ijftrn) * ia •ometinn'B use*] for qjniwim, Ujt wivourB of fiOUh 
idium. Tah ffo tu^ra^/ hue tanwih, im^uniu^ fn Iftut fMJttrat/^ und 
ttttyih A* ihaJ haiiiihtihj icith.^ 

Reuark /'. — Tlitt I r>r th<i Hi-pt iLnd fifth torme boXDPtlmva 
bfiicr>m(M fb iindor tbe iuttt^ence cif tli« fiiat ffyllnble, ae ktmuwuf 



TOCABULARY 



t^ 


U If/t i'li^. <M 


irtuLTivmh 


turft^d U> 




(fi"/" haniifi 


MiKTm 


ite kh'^"! 


Uifih 


Mm A 


Ifiti^r 


mil to ti^tiai- 


Uh 


rfff^nt 




imee 


t&b 'on 


if li^e uf 


ki^trt^) mififU holrton^n ffod 


hA^h 


kctp^heeii u«3Hy 




hhk 


iAfi 


Aw 


n.ltt 


I fonsent'-'i 


fit 


pfvu, f*ave 


Tnii'inin 


betieveff /aiih- 


■jrawjtq 


lietay. he Umg 




ful 


IjMiwit 


Ui }XtH4 


nklLraf 


JM/andtinmb 


liBiiwifih 


hiKkfti 


qilLi 


9CtWC.Hp 


^wit 


jrufJVUnJ 


lugmr 


»ftnm 


q£wil 


^itK^mirad to, 


tKl>lA-H 


ijtHiiU m 




Crt'l'*'!^ 


|w^v.» 


ahnofphVft " 



■ Notp <|ini j-eqfltti n'«, but <itni y«^lin raiiie. 
• So dtnitt tlioy jirc ui roUity dutiiii't varht. 



THE WEAK VERBS 



173 



EX£KCI3E i\\ 

Qillit ia fli^q tpibuuHui il builjl'a. Ijuuuja boqa 1 'rah ii&«liif 
biisliuih fi 1 moira. Uli^nii IjfAWapit tt li ' kum cjii'^i w atia 
mu I'tHt^h ftddiiium Mho. U luulakiL tbuuwi^hit uiu^h 'acauuliiL. 

IkbwilDl 'a>£iiL >ibfliU will (till 'tui ^iurb itl ditkUklijtiL. 11 biblm 
bv^ittiiub K^y U indliii. LT'h uui ^tijfai'bi'tiili lumuui iliLrbbAkil ( 

iniQ \d ll bulLf ne piL^Gt li I baJir. MuhU IhL^ud ti^iwtl 'jUm 
II na» we tUbtimlnuu, Hlja batifitalwil Dafailn we tiftikir 
iniulia wuh JiL LblnL liitl Ljueiqih 4vmiU uiUAh i|ii1ll \l uhmidai 
il futilrt Kimna inmLijimlnii fi 1 ru\l ^:*f4liiLn liflshilfii t**iyih. It 
*Mkar hautit il biyiit, Hfiwik 'iiuui^ luiii 'luidn bi ku-ni aiji^. 
H Wiw beta'ituo. mis*viild& kullibji iflic id dukhkbuQ bi^ta' funi? 
^urtiu. TiiLt uiHi/Lwil mill ^nbi ^h nliuj^Mu itaf II tuiuiL ill 
tijinil bi I 'uiioTi liliii'ii. QOll U min (lainbik- Ir ragil dit tna 
^ctkbiLraho min AIIjiIl 3Ll FjfiL bapi tiiduiuwufa ^UuUlu, luW 

EXEECISE 63 

DidL't yon «ee ber wheu ^^li.- wo^ puAsiu^ tbi' bouae f Let me 
littM, pl'jaae. We WL'ut to bet] " ye*terd(i> t^ti balf-pjwt ten uiid ^ot 
up ikt JL qijcirtttr to niiii^ ; hfiw uutiij' boUTH did we sJut-p i tMil 
^i>u kisd tbh* bidy's Lutid i Why didn't you k«^ tbe di>^ Hwik\ 
frum ufi ? Th<T iiulder iit (too) abort ; it wun't rBuch. Thu lud^' 
WdEita you; ^u (luii) mo bui'. Doat bv trigbttui^, ^ul; be 
won'l bitH yim. Put your liiiud bflfom yoiir tnmjtii wbeu yoii 
jitwn, Tb^y ware bofliTling up tlieir uioney for * ywin ThU 
Atone bik3 btJtiiL kidAod by tltouiUiidA mf* tbe fnitfaful, Tbu 
rloMQ?-M of ttie Jktmo^^pherfi of t^be couct uvt^rpowt^rvd the jiidjftM, 
8be nusei bt^r LTbild from ''' t,\ia gnniud and put 1dm nu u cbnir^ 
They ware r»^cliningpEi»;>tF^ in cbe dmiiLg'ii^Jiu, Ltoa't be Lon|{, 

g 20:1. Tb^r* &re no vn-ba with w for tbe dniU rodionl 

VEUBSS WHW*E INITIAL IIADIUAL 18 V 

J 2U3- Tbua*" urc ^'trry lew in oumUir, ujul offtr tm pecali»ki Ity, 
except tb^Lt tbe sylUbles ti, t/i, rii b<jcoiuo ii, yi Aiid ni, aa yibl* 
tnftHM Jtattl. Hylw»*" {■'^0< l^^^""* ylbas, it?, lli^ iinpprat., if 
navti, woulif b« Ibiu. 



* Btfj'jpd of iiU, 

* tiAai. 

4 



We might equaJJy well say Ihtjigit il. 

' luuu, with fiubdtautiv'e iu iiDg. 
tniii. ^ mill *idu^ 

* Noti^ th^ n v\ th^ B«fi>EvJ Ayllabltf of tbii llo].^, yibifl being of 
tbe d&fts of vcirbtt ticM in § Ul (3). 



174 



THE SPOKEN AEAblC OF EGYPT 



VERBS WHOSE MEDIAL RADICAL IS K 

5 i?04. Ill thojii' verba the follo«:in<^ L^ortraitmnB talcf? ptace: — 
(a) In tbo pdftt tonat' ot tbe r^mifjlu Vurb thu y, with ttfl ppft- 
i^idiu(j; aiiil following vowi'la^ coiitructd into d whco tho lattrer of 
tllt?At- two vowelrt Its followed bjr~ a tilii^lv cuiifiuniLijt^ aud tllto « 
wbtin it is followwl by two <y>nrtoniinte ; whila in the aoriBt the 
y, with it£ following vcw6),coQtitictJS mto f, Tbe ubojigos which 
tukt) pliLcu in thifi deriTed fiinfttf arc iJujitiB^ with those wlkich 
cx:cui' in thfl w T^^rbH. 

g :^05, The foDowiug is iLti etd-mplu of tbe ooTijugntioEi of iv 
verb of thifi uljiitei — 

PAST TENSE 

HASa FEX. 

ii^tpers, U't(*orbft>u*t) hi't I Mid 

2Dd peTB, bi^t tii*ti 

Srdpera, bA* ba'it (for buy^'it) 

PtAKAL Fon lurni GeVDEQB 

1st pt^rfi. bi'tiu (forbayit^iUL) 
2cd peiii. bJ'tQ-Oi (for bavjL'tu>m) 

Trnpemt. hV. U'l, btl 

Aor, «bi*, tebt*, io, 

Pfirticip. act. bayi* (biV'i') ^ Pjirticip, pooa. mebf. 

RsuAHB— Tbe uucf>uUju:t4Nt furm oi' Ujr piu^sivu pu-ticiple 
ftppt^ars in miv'yfib tltMhoiiuurft!, iUfuUct, ruadyQn iiideltfd (frum 
dlfiuaed daii)^ und jl fuw otJiL*r6; |aEb ^ iujUt-ltadai miJco« 
ma^wQcih tuon^ ljCu^Xi tLrhU luulyi^nt-' 

S 206 liflji tipjfiiar^ bat y;«^ f'/tf flight. htpI »ba' (for aliaya") > 
tftkou lh Ui^ iLui'iflt (uiukirig ultioi, A:c,]. Uub/'^'rr and nJil obtttiM 
goiit^i^aliy muke tihib^ yioii, but ^L-i^ioMLUy yubjibi jumU^ 

RfiuAKK, — Tbe vtrb hhiLyal da^ic dtjva uol cuulmct either 
in th*i fttiDple vi^i'h or in any ijf thu derived Eoriuiti 

1 irhc Ei of thv jinrtbipte iu Ayi itomntirnds gouiuIa neu-ly hSi 
M bttvi'i bfyi' (oi' iKfc'i, ^,). [S*.-** 5 3.) Similarly, vei-hs with lo 
fur the middle riviio^, but wtmv of them often coutnct lo oii« 
vyll^hlH. (6vn ^lM^v■^) 

- Tb(' piu-tic'ip, posa. in not ttjiic-1i i34»«]. tWt tJ ch« Cocirtb 
Mvouth di'E'ivt'd ftmii ^viiUnJlv tiikmg ita pl>M;u, 

' Fur th«i coujugifcLioiL of nW'i "^ ^ 1^1- 

< u for > in tlin tintt KjlUi>lr, appiuviiUy in ihu bvliof tliat it 
■bundi odQ04kt«d. 



THE WEAK VERES 



ITB 






itaiv 

utMtt on (1 /rt€ dft^ 



sfijib (ftiT Baijib) 
II- efljia (ijEonej^Jly 

'fl.vir 
Ml, A''u^hi 
IV. itbA* 
V. ilbf>in (for 
LtbAiyin) 
Vr it*4yiq 
iddnyin 
TIL iobi^ 
VIII ih^flr 
IX, ib valid 

iatatvib [uitcoit^ 

traded) 
XL wtii-aiyah * (or /rw/, rcj^OM 

IttMARS. — TLu iiiBt fljlliMo of till" Srst form u sometimtJi 
vvry burrifllj' |in*itouiiceil, nn though its vowM v;er& j.bj* iiytbhn 
(or iayibha, a*ie ?> 1 5), fui' BOyibha kt /ie»' i^d. Tho lirat ami tiftli 
forma ^oMJoiialky titk*^ n' im- y, although thu aciiab ie ivgn\{n, ua 
E&d invewfV, Hor> juiJ, but zauvrkl, izi^iuwid (fu- uiyiJ, iku.), 

VOCABCLABY 



rfproadh 

timi/g tir't 

Ui mii^ff r/' or 

f/tifl^ on^aef/ a dtvuty 
be in ticfft 

turn whit" 



ibib4% luitbA* 



jibyuilJt luibyiJJ 



<jid 


4njkt 


kbAiyisb 


fnt rorapfitt'r 


-iab 


hiv 




(kbccili) iirt 


b&il 


Ulff erjifil 


■luiviji 


charts with rt 


«ai 


Jlit\e d'lUr'n 




'Itbi 






ln'yiu 


C£pMe 


'>dl«] 


/raw/, put to 


iddAyiit min 


fre irKitft' a 


libiyiir 


fierjfJfj' 




'UHitr 6y, 


BMiyikb 


me/t (lu-t.) 




'jwe 



^ But jLi> \HrbH of bliifl form i^n Im f&lHy aaid to «Lut iri th'> 
CoUof^uial laTLgu:Lge. 

^ leta>|iliji U rkimetinjca used fur LVtiq^f and ^me otheiB 
BJioiL-tri^ lulli Lrf" l}*p w tt];d .H cbtftA 

* Thia form In ia lue &l«o in oihor spuk«n diiUectft. 



t THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EOV?T 


iklildi 


r/(fTi>i('' 


rftii Sa Btfciut 


S^w iVd/rf 


(ikiHAi) 






i>IJ/ 


^\U 


^inA 


khqiyul.ji 


i^reuvn^iArsr 


inahgl 


tti'arn'flcifmi^ 


w«ii (pi. 


vtilloy 


IojeAJ 


iftffTcMf, rieo 


widyiui) 




7nliLfli 


mivmy 


Uvtitr tn^k 


tjfi^i 


bi'Vlii 


ei^ic/ent 


(b«jfui't< 




wui^lkiid 


dSft 


verb) 




FouuA 


taiitem 


^ba«1iF ^ *tfc[j 


iti ^jfite of 


» 




ikniiiii 


/Meatus 



EXERCISE 63 

Ufbur Ismiim Ix'vil Ink il miifi'uljk luLii auwQhA li iLltliirhap 
Itflh raf^bl WB i^ii] li s sJl^i:^ ^ ji'n-U&q LI U}i£] hi 1 'arahl^n, w« 
^'d^bhum h^Un- UiinimLi ma ja'rafil^U p'mihi t)h ; luilitArln 
khilif. Allah ya'raF i\ 'jlvib min il mu'^Vib wi £ ziJuu mki i| 
inaztflm, Hllwii kL^jli' Jeiiimi vil'^J^ nuivuya oul >il'4^bbhe wai,\uh- 
Lvzira likbrLiyUli li^ ALiiAcllrj bi I Ichrtih qabl is ajkfur. 11 wll^IcIui 
dl bi^tmdbal idIq Ltiul kuUibu. IhuiL bitns nbiuih akLii' uiu'iii 
ti bitiui; bLhD^h li izarmv. Aua aiii kuiibj^U '4iU£ uUntbu; il 
'offiy^L N.4i-^ibit tuiu IJI ^li&^bu uiiiil. B^yiu ^lUik iiiuiik qih 
lumtiBb tal il IC'L Kiiuit sbnyla bintiba Mjl ra^lu. Qfd il 
fftvanSs betll* il '&rtibiya. 1] luiktikAina didyinitu bl nidm il 
qadlyn- It r^il ibk dJajin mintil kmu i[LrHbp lIClwu taiuHllL 
nr^lil mit'Ayiq ti iiufsit fi b aikn,k, Kna uie'ikyi'M ikijiiuuu uut 
kruuuilah 2^y uiii&a- 

EXEHCISE U 

1 td-l you bl hiina '■ nio twt. ehftira ; why didn't yi^ii brijig 
tbem to luc ^ I biivc livril dktl my lifo io the bmiic ' viUngc tuvi 
in tbe fvlcqpi' Juhifht. Wv oftnn piN4 tha nigbb in ti/wn.^ Ttj« 
vrJiitQ ben lutH liiiiJ two *)fy^B. Th« mnttar putde^irntk alto^r-Lbtir^ 
I eun not ^oicjfi; to irirrwiao yuur pty mitii -^ your Wbjf k id ' b«tt^jr. 
The Nile ia ruiu^g evury d*y. Agrpoiuwho dooa u^/t knus* (bt>w) 
tf> luanage" iL borti.- u uo ^tiai'I'*'^ ^'^ *"» gOl^Ji l*» J^^ UP 
iMirly to-morrow murniti^' aii.I finh Jn tho sml tt Wfi<i Ni^w Y«Brs 



1 f^omftiiiini pTDiiomxcad f/^ocAg 

^ khiiiB. ^ ill* WiaiJL 

> Aor. '* musli imiLi lAyiA 



< A<ir. of klrt 



THE WEAK VEEB8 177 

Dftjf And aII the inhabitants^ were paying each other viaita. 
The auD causes the snow to melt on the mountains and flow 
down into the valleja. My ^ster is going to^ the dressmaker 
tomorrow to try on " her new ball * dress. 

VERBS WHOSE FINAL RADICAL IS Y 

§ 208. These verba are of the forma barak and birik^ but 
drop the yi leaving the vowel of the final syllable somewhat 
Lengthened. It is pronounced fully long when the negative 
euffl^ -sh or the shortened forms of the personal pronouns are 
attached, or when it is, for any other reason, accented. 

REUAitK, — A few neuter verbs take the form burik For birik,'^ 
but optionally, as 'u^ he rtbellioks (for ^i^l). 

§ 209. The conjugation of the simple verb Is afl follows :— 

PAST TENSE 

HAAa FEJL 

Irt pers, ^et t*f*^t I ey^iuguitKed 

2nd pers. t&f^t t^€tt 

3rd pers. ^a (for fafay) (afit (for taf&yit) 

pLUaAt TOa BOTH GslfOfiBB 

1st pers. faf^na 
2nd pertL t^fetH (-m) 
3rd pers. (af Q (-m) 

AOBIST 

SlNOUI-AB 

Ist pers, At^ atft 

Sndpers. ti^ft ^t& 

3rd pers. yitft titH 

FI.USAL rOB BOTH GeKDEM 

let pers. nitfl 
2nd pers. titfH (-m) 
3rd pera, yiffG (-m) 

Imperat. itft (m^ and f-), p). itfll. 
Particip. act tAH. Particip pass. matfL 



> in nfe beta* C balad. > 'and. 

* Aor. * betit^ il ballu. 

* It will be remembered that most vwbs of the form bai-ak 
are trausitivf^ while birik is mosUy intransitiret 

U 



17« 



THE SPOKlfiN AHABIC OF EGYPT 



PAST TENSE 









BatQVLAB. 








MAHC. 






FRM, 


let 


pi^ra. 


niubit 




islabtt 




Snd 


pora- 


xabhit 




miahitt 




3rd 


piicfc 


midht (mioluj) 


auALyit 


(taieLijib) 






PLCftAL 


Fon 


BOTH CEHDEUS 






let 


jiera. 


miebiua 








Sod 


perA. 


tnUhltd (-m) 






3rd 


perB. 


nashytk i^-iaj 








AORIb-T 




Irt 


ppra, 


amaht 






suualii 


2nil 


pera. 


timabl 






timoht 


3rd 


pera. 


vimttht 






timaht 



Jvalksd 



PLirO^ FOft BOTH GeNDEKS 

Ifit jmiA, liimabt 
and pvTfi. timebfl ('in) 
3rd pera. yinuhQ (-m) 
Impemt imahf (m. nrtd f). pi, imabfi. 
Portioip. act. mjUht. 

^ 210, All vorbB uF tliiA dims of tLir ^cpteei tjjirak jire ooitjLi- 
gated After the Urst, adI all otht^ti ufUr the HsniKl model 

Reuabk o, — Va*id fAaC w fj? «iy w uAed for ji^nJ, from aii 

KcuAJL& 0. — The y Of iy tjf tt]«< 3ni ^n-a. ^mg- uF ttie pnsb 
tPTiae L» somptimi's dropp«'l, »h mishit (for [nisb^it. inialjirtt], 
Ittkit rfAi? 1^^^ (lor bikyit). Baq« 6»^tm^ makus b»u]Mt (for Uu^itJ J 
90 fftfal opti.>[ially for tjLfit, and a fow others aiiniljiriy ; Ittq^jM 
ucC^JOLLibny iiLJik(;» lii;jl (for Ihq^t) in lliu Ub iLCid Jud [itir«. 
ting., »ji though from liqi. The finol nyllflblp cf Uie L'nd iioi*. 
Eing. iniLflo. eomotimedi Aouuis aa at for* ^f, ae tn^ L<^nt,bmsfcb / 
did H'ft find th/'Hi- 

Kiui4Hic f. — Y*ar\M of tbis c1aju< uf UiEf form t>trik nni a^nunt 
ii^i-iiin&bly pauive or iiuutei', und nmj' romt}^ li&rv u pn««iV« 
ptU'tLtiFli.\^ 



* Ohilt £oi~f hu iniigbTI bo^M; khbl Ae ntipm^t, fiuikkift. 



THE WEAK VERBS 



179 



J 31h All vei'ba of tMa claaa take t in the fin^ s)'n&ble of 
the Aorist except the foUowing, which take a .- — 



b^a^ 


remaiTiy become 


9i£ 


be bright. 


*iri 


get soft, cool 




limpid 




(weather) 3 


shifi* 


be htakd, gni 


gara 


Tiappen 




tcelt, htal 


ghili 


he dear 


sbiqi 


overvjork one- 


ghiahi ^ (or 


faint 




eel/, weary 


ghuabi) 




^iffi (*ugi) 


dUobey, be 


*ftla 






rebdliout 


hiai 


bfconte docile 


^ili 


be high 


hl£ 


go barefooted 


*iini 


be blind 


hill 


be e\ceet ' 


fidi 


be at leintre 


himi 


be hot 


qara 


read 


hiyi 


came to H/e 


qiai{orqaaa) 


he a-uel 


diri 


fmow 


qiwi 


be potcerful. 


difi 


get worm 




atdocratie 


ridi 


consmij accept 


khiri 




ra^a 


tee 


laqa* 


find 


aa'a 


Mp 


mala 


JUl 


mhi« 


/orget 


misi* 


become evening 


fihi 


wake 


nJBJ 


.forget 






wid 


be loir 



aud a few pasBLvea and nentera, as fifi (or fafa)' be extingttisKed, 
8hi£ (and shufi) be healedf khifi (or khufi) be /,i-ideny hide oneself 
in ehdJtiet khizi (and kbuzi) be aefiamedy be given tht liSj he edipeed^ 
khlahi he shy (aor. sometiraea yukhsha for jrikbsba.), Digi (naga)^ 
he navedf escape, 

Reu AKK.^ — The fem. sing- of the imperat. of these verba ends 
in it as in the c^^e of tho^e whose aorists take i, as masc. iml.a 
fill, fem, imlt 

^ The final vowel of theoe verbs ia not pronounced aufficieutly 
long for it to be necessary to continue to mark it with a 
circumHex, 

^ Td dijjja tarrit is more usual than id dinya (iryit. 

^ Used impersonally, 

^ Used also impersonally, silu (or euhi) 'aleh, nmi ^aleh (il 
waqt)- 

^ Act. shafa heat, yifihf L 

* Also yilqL 

T So that we have tafa yi^ esdiagtiitk, (af& yiffa be extiji- 
gtiithed. ^ But naga yingt save. 



IW 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EOyPT 



VOCAimi^ARY 



hft/lji 


bfjin 


Lihiq 


rearJi^ overinJf* 


bjL^a 


tharpeii 


flhoqt 


uni-tdy 


hlLJCEL 


}-Bla(*^ 


hisflb 


iiytrtiJit 


IM^hlL 


frvth^ ftffti'ty 


fr^tlji 


jjiKe of jf n'n. J, 




ffftrvtmiie 




^c. 


qaJri 


/'■y 


rutfliAu 


frtfih, «.ftnm 


riitJrL 


do, ^etjunti 




a^nee 


lAElft 


/ol'f 


hjkijra 


(att 


bnim 


htAild 


ibriq 


pai 


kli^ft 


hids 


all am 'a 


*uzmUs 


vauiii 


Ikroifl 


fthatl- 


wii'k^fintvB 


rcktu 


f^wm, Ut yroifi 


dM'b 


ittnMri'ji hlotff 


IkAUla 


pr&iect 


biilia^ 


pitchei 


b'iri 


rttTi, jliti} 


knnu'J^oa 


gatu't^ttin 


TVd 


' reach, ttn/v to 


bi 1 K^i 


at night 




a^ne7!V?nt 


1.^1 


in of*ffr that 




£XKE( 


)1B^ €5 





Yil)i|A livk ViLU] ijirbh i p'Tfc il liia^b? rTf)n tjiinaUr lHvlt hi ) 
kiilJLni i^Jihld mii vitkikltirnii n txAs. Tbi-t 1j 1 [jnliim do. luih Fndlnk. 
Itildmk i^awl liLiiiij^ii roui'Tifi. 1 Id^ikbru'. Xutm i fatln mpu-mtiin 
•cvsbiin tibqn galQ'.li wo ma tijikiairab, U qnnur imikLi^l ; riJ>l 
sbl^nk qAblo fuiLjitJii'. Il bitite tlkli^iL ULliiubiiLt UiUfiL nul^a 
Cir^flbllTm. Ana gT-H (pirit) 'rIjl akbir nafHaT » wi Ujij^ti] rt t 
nmhA;^ qo-bl ij bfibttr tivu ^t-KiO-lD- IlJcil li 1 bik;Vyri kullUuL 
'nabAo a*ruf para Ikum Cb- Ann musli 'I'ltif 'usliiiii ch luji. jir'Iiiab 

S' 'A It fi I iii;i^'il]u. ^il.Jj'I^ '^Jl iLliIi ip. bfi'ii i.iuiJm Tl bini df 

waij'it Ijjx'ii 'ftlii \t.K^n. Mu tiusieb hlli ' I lumUa i\Mv in* trfikU 
11 liu^ bt<ii ba'ife iniv knu thuA{\. Ibiil i4kk logic U4<1dj' tof^t 
Mufih libim ti'vA I bult^. 

EXKRC18K 66 

WhtfTu did yon firui tuy l*t* S«j to lfa« ^c^l ; Fill yoia 
|(itcli»Tj' fpoui tin? rivur, Wiuio tlity nuuoiig wbtrik you snw 
litem f liim'l. [Kiui- tiki> watAT iii tbir le«put^ LlU^ it buik 

EMie rvfiitu>ii (du««ti't ccuMt&t} to cooM vitb u«. tiho iovmi't Ut 



1 /.". till I Im.] u^ bT'L-ttli b'ft, * Hc« i lilt, 

' Tliii Umt i]iiim-J riimi lAfTn 1* in mtva ccnnnKm lun. 
' hflU- i«h ■bftf. » illi Utcxmn. 



THE WEAK TBRB8 



181 



her h&ir grow. At what time do jou w&nt to wake to-morrow ? 

The boja throw a bucket of water over hia head. The men were 
watering their fields from the caaal. Why didn't you {/.) put 
out the c&ndle heEore you went to bed ? If ^ you read too much 
at night you will grow blind. I want jou to do^ something for 
tue. The ccwk was frying fiah in the aaucep&n. The icooda 
are getting de^er^ every day. Are you goinc on footl^ This 
bouse was not built* when I came here, God protect us from 
the wickedness of our enemies. 

g 213. The first derived form is constructed reguliu-ly^ eicept 
that the vowel of the final syllable is invariably a as weil as that 
of the first. Thus from mala is formed malla, from mishi, caashi^ha. 
The conjugation iB aa follows : — 

PAST TENSE 

SlVOULAB 



HABC. 

Istpers. rabbet 
2nd pers. rabbet 
3rd pera. rabba 



FEM. 

rabbet 
rabb^tt 
rabbit 



I educate 



PujRAL roa BOTH Oemdebb 

Ist pers. rabbSna 
Snd pera. rabbetQ (-m) 
3rd pers. rabbO (-m) 

Bbmarx h. — Khallftt is usually said for khalliL 
AOEIST 

SlKOULAB 

let pen. arabbt arabbt 

2nd pers- tirabbl" tiiabbl 

3rd pers. yirabbt tirabbt 

Imperat. rabbi (m. and f.), rubbfl (-m). 

Particip. merabbt (whether in activet passive, ot neuter 
sense). 

Rkmabk. — The passive participle is generally supplied by the 
aimple verb or one of the other derived forms. Masml (or^ as it 



^ iz^kfin with aor. 
* Trans, yetting dear. 
^ Particip. pass. 



3 l^ikus. / tfonJ you do (aor), 

* Particip. of misbl 

* Or terabbt, ic. 



las 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



U gen^nilly pronounced, mi^ami^ ia iifiod as tho puaaivc partii;iple 
of tftmma ^ti mmA(;«ULOi]gh tlii; fiiuiple vi^rh tbmik ih i\tfi in ua»^ 
Tilda ffti-^ biiB mMdl for tho Active p!irtit*iplc. 

g ^13. Tha t'atlQving ore eEjkoipli^a of the oth<if derivod 
formH r — 

IL Xiq^find^ aor. aJfiqt, impei-at llqT, particip, meliqt- 
III. o.'^give, let prra a'^ot, Ac. aor, a'tl, ti'tl. ^^i' ifli- 
ptkr*l>. i'Uj ktc. pHi'ticip. inu'tl 



ikhla 


frf jya 


LIDSa 


}tf^ome f^i'i^n^ 


iftii* 


piwii'in-e a 


LTHUL 


iArww 




/eiica 


tflq^i 


wo/et 



IV. itlxuft he fharperi'^il, aor. Abbirl, imporat itbui, |Aild> 

nip. midflrl. 
V. idda0a fmfTn on^'SfJ/f aor. iddaffa., impenit. uldiffA 
(fero. iddalfl), partbip. roidda^. 
VI. idddra. hide oncsdf, aor. ^dora, iinperat idiiSra. paj- 
ticip. miildfiri. 

Vn. ia^fo Ac cj:iiuju<ehf'l, aor. nn^, ifnpen*t, intift, p4P- 
tidp. loin (If L. 
Y1II- \11itf[tifindf meal, aot. aJdqt, imperat Ctiq}, partimp, 
miltiqi' 
IX. Not in use- 

X. istabdn fief/t7i, bot. a&tabda, iiuperat. iatabda, pardclp. 
misCabdt. 
XI. istCnq(]rv fttthy rf^ve^^ ooT.aatilaqqA, unp^'iLt. tEtilaqqiVi 
purbicLp. mifltilaqqL 
i^idklHiMiH hid'' ini^rl/. 

Rebiaiik,— The le^raer wiJJ h&rtt no difficulty b <^offlpleting 
tbe coojugation of tho above verba after thcmodcUof UioauiLplQ 
verb and the first derived funu^ 



^ Ta'tl, Sce.t in ooiuetinipfl Henrd for ti'tT, in the boIi*f, }»crhap*, 
tbat it is educavvd, thougli the literary form i» tn't^yu. 

' Aluo aflA- 

* Min^biPt ''Uffing, ^/totMT, JM aometimj**! li«4rd for tniihtirt^ 
naulftwi ^-jM, rflry mroW for raiAtiwl. Inateod of uatdtt U 
filM, intA^ii in (ifti>ii hnij-'l. 

< Jttalqn l> nito i]«ri.l witli th« ftiUDfl lll««bing. 



TUE WEAK VERBS 



163 



VOCABUr-ARY 



pUTft 


mfl///i nm 


ItihuAhv. 


ifSmLlii 


b"i^ (net.) 


iubuna 


pUl» 


an.'/ OTwV 


ii-lAila 




jfl-CTyflTf 


istulkllL 


*wiaa 


fTTTVM 


iHtJiHTrm fun J 


'ftbW 


/;^ /oorf 


iHtA'fJk 


nAqqA 


f-A-wiw, WfCJ 




g&» 


^JJkJiA 


i»tillJUtLlnB 


ttm 


trnd gJi^ep, 


hvJTad 




v^eh ; t^htnh 






ttM 


i\t^ 


itrftTDA 


Iff Ifjrotirt tacay 


^LIWILT 


IlkbAfa 


hirle 


luf^mit 


itqola 
iddft'ft 


fie fried 




prttend 


eliftiTjbsDya 


Iddk-U 'aU 


acrutre 


IiltqQ 


ftnbtM 


/>f hrou^rhf mp 


Ifth 


ifkhivffa 


ttief/uinc one- 


'jjqfl 




^/ 


tn«^iLJdtvji 


it^ftUft 


/« /rtfff, 


lAf 




t^iTCh^ 


g/A 



he ttu^ed 
i/^ tnUt 

jliid nvTeeJ 

drugs, ic.) 
tfif^e a haiJi 

ftrart 

C'tt 

niin 

ft/tl}fr»jtlt 



EXERCISE 67 

Till flliA ill! mji ytnfiL'ph yitiiml. T^fa tbhiLllUh hiul'tp ^4<lihiiah- 
cK« f)abk- U Ki'i'u kLiiint^, fiiaM il tnn^m-wn ylti'iLbbfl ti blAd Lurra^ 
RuU in xAa yxi^ilM s siikkiir il inik^f ^an b^tV bujn-ik ItHh 
iBntABtun *au pn^^b U ikTil^dl. II l^aj-fitulvA ^tW^ mc^tikL&bbtyln fi 
VHrnr] ih Hii^rn biTiiEim ntAilt; il If^mdiL. Hit^ii. min iiiurl'lit tAlnt 
i^iiitii mA stibruuTnLiAb, KlUi it-tc^iif] mici bioa 1 MusK 'Hiir, flaErL4' 
il k^kUtu (bk RiU[t ' sbQF "wubi^buk, RiiU itkliatfu bi libni' tA^tX 
^\\f^ illl 'wIlIc. Qultift U X (LibbukJiit : lijilTJ li 1 Iutjliiii <!t uliiiwjvijit 
'iila n tL^J', llt'livu. it^Lrla bikin luui ma iNlithk Hji ti ihb! nlia^r 
tnin tAiit' biL''b' iitu i^iLf^ftui Jl kb''^ ri^'A. \ tFnliid 'iiLi[a 'ala 
ri;:l''h Spihciu >i}.jufl'wlu 1 lu^. KKilIU bMok L^miDa tiftuli lab 
hhaiubuuju. ki\jb lir^bi wi ^tlm miumik. Hu tLUinlla bl butju 
Ub Hbana tui q:L'Hilt« bduik. RAJk f^ol fuiA mnsb inf>lA^fyfi.b 
AiKLiuiiaii I1I4I c ^^1^ inta wi BtiinqqibmH' laUUt il^izAnkWAlJA 



I Y*>T WJiIa flfihtlf . 



■ fa* gnfiB a^in. 



184 



THE SPOKEX ARABIC OF EflVPT 



lisan? II khaiilf yinhiehi bi loi u Rfle n phem. 






EXERCISE as 



Go (to) tUa 



Go (jinJ) warir vourflelf n little bj ^ the fira, 
ra^k«it and bay mf} a littJe in(*at &nd oome rdg&tables, M'b«a 
da 7011 VEnt to kiogin V He Enade me run aU over - the town, 
BoU me a liLtrlt^ w^ittr m a aai it:e{>nii. Hide youranlf there tUl 
hi? cornea. Hb ha^ gond tn aijr his pmvers.* The liouse will ba 
biult on thd piece cf Ijuid in fmnt ot your gitrden- Don't loiJ 
tba f^us btiforo I tetl you. You (f',) mustu'b dle^tuae joiutielf. 
Mi'e croaaed the livfi' iu thi^ Ferry. (Thus«) wbo tokn hbsiiuib 
repent. Wait u little and I wLU give yon u piastrt* each> The 
potatoes were fryinc id the kitcb^^ii. ^^~e hav^bougbt them all; 
choodo one for your^ulf . When you {/.) take a batli, Uou't torfv^ 
the HMip. 

S 'J14- lloubly imporf«vt cirr weak rcirbe are those irhkh h^re 
If or^ fur thriir iLiitinl or atrial t]i':lk-ul, aud y for their fiEul 
railii:H.l. TLer thii»' combine the psculiaritiKe of two rla^SQA of 
w«ak Terb^ 

£ '*[b. The foUowia^ are e:cjkiQplc9» of the simple verb and 
derived (oruijt. 





Aor, Impti. Paiticii^ 


wafa 




(pass) irmiifj. 


wH* 


U auan aa^ (i'% <iu^t.] wu'l 




(0 fli 


MAI* 


im4jiit4 •rwt irwl (act.) Hlwl 




(P«*) 1 




DiHTWl. fl 


"iyi 


A« (7f a'ya, ti*ya, ^tCL fl 


1, wjura 


«Aou awarrl, '&v. 4 


ILdAwa 


^roi {ni«lwallj) ftdnvi, diwl, ^. 


m. ftm' 


aAuur ihtiii, tAri, Ic. (pB'i-) 




iBanrtT 


il^vit* 


f«Hf<Fr<s to lifi tdty\ 


» -and. 


* H knll • AorM. 


• To MfA iw. 


^ Wa'a tf aUo ikwI. 


' Fot AurA^ 


..v. '- '■Tally pn>nomi«dTwylooK» 


lliui tom V i.< 


■imrnu 


■ . .1 


1.1 Ik *iiiijH'' loni:-, wanL 



DEFF-CTHE TOILTTERAL VEEBS 



U5 



IV. Itrawa bn watered, Ktrtwl, mitrivt^ 

VI, IdiUwft Iff treatrfi, iwlJAwA, tajiddAwl. 

IX. No elMopIp. 

X. Istiiliwa faith coldt iw(t4iliff£, mifllaliwL 
Istunfu h« eompif^tvii, uBtAufi, nkintauft, 
XL So exiuopl^ 
KmiAUR a.— Tbn verb hiyi has ietaha Wu^A a« the tenth de- 
rived form (for iet^Uiyr*).* aor. ■atib t (f or ofitob jii), piirtiVip- uiiBtihl 
REiflAi'K I.- — Thr fulluwiiig vfilw Lukv ti iu tbij uurUt^ — 



hiji 









fie I// 
terra m 



WuK /i^ arrnjttft&i (of a term, iltc.), tbougb a ^uie |iuuivt?^ 



DEFKOnVE AND IRREGirLAR TRILITERAL VERBS 

% fl1 C. It will Tiutt of course, be eujipoised tbut all tb^ porbs of 
All) ]Hirtk-ulLU- vt?Th iLTtj in u«y. In some cose^ tL« tiienLiin^ uf u 
«rui^ will ritAtiHct ite Trite to oqb or tvo forms, o:' t^ven t^ u ain^ltt 
ti?ii£e ; in otLtirH, Lubit iuts tor on*^ J'tu^on or hDoLb^ preft-rrinl 
Aome fornix or tcUdud Ui otbf^fi. Tbud tbe tm)j[-rat isbmil A>-«/] fv 
the left, wilik tLf jujiist ufjbmil. wUI rrei^uuDtl^' bv heArd, tbi^u^li 
tb*^ pikflt tPiii3t3 ■iibnmal ti^is fallen mio ilj^imt>. Tli^re ara mm- 
pftmtively few verb* pofiaenfiing mnre tbftn ei|rht or nma denvod 
form^ 



I Marvhi juvj tn&twl bji^ iiai?d hy riref^reno^. 

1 Litprally, ^ jiljUled. The TiflJiwy farm tawnffs is soiae- 
tunofi board - 

■ Ifitalij'a in the wxitteu laoena^ mtnos t" revcce, istflba lo 
lluAh. tb? aintpl? vei'b (h^vi ja) oliMJ bcAring bobb tht^se meaijiu^s. 

* S&Ait iH used ID tbu &;iiue a^mae &«, and much mora fr»- 
queriUv tluLTi. tlii> simple v^b. 

° Or p>?rb&p6 wo sbould suv tb^kt it h uot uacU at ftU in tbo 
aomtt thi?i octwe form w&fn. which Krmeliii;?^ boa ilM'If n p^aatve 
aetiBep bi-itig u^d hi^tead ; tbui4wa^t(i)rwiiryEt} H muddftr/i^ii^rifi 
if>(bi ttrnijiU/'fii. but tilfi t mudda (only) the tvn/i u^U C>e iOwpIet^, 



11*0 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



§ 2L7^ Tti^ V9rb ga' (or gih) f!'?me, whioh inclaaBioat ArfkbioiB 
vriUcD gt'a (for grvya*a), is (snjii^ted oa follows in Cturo&o; — 



PAST IBNSE 



UAflC, 



Ist pers. gfit, gfl 
2iid pers, g^t, ^t 
3rd penL fa\ giL 






ma jiiLsh 






fLlTlUL Fon BOTH GEVT>Bfi£ 
Ut pers. fE^'im, g1n& 

2nd pera ^dtft, gita (-m) 
3rd pera gH, gum 

AOltlSX 

Irt pera. a^ agt 

Slid pera, t^, tfgt ti^f, tlgt 

3rd pere. 7^, ylgl tigl, tlgl 

)^j.i;ral for both GsiVDEnB 

lat purs. liigri, i^l^^ 
2iu1 pere. tigO, iSgfl (-m) 
Cltd pera. yigQt 7^ (-m) 

Tmpemt nuse. ta'filft, tsi-a; fom. tu'nlf, tA*1; pliir. U'Oia, 

Tiirtijip. iwL Bi»«c> g4j, gay, gSi fera> gnya, gayHi plar, 
glyln, «*'>■''>'* 

KuMAKK. — The A of go.' IB lengthens! (tlie qa^^n dluippHAnri^), 
uot 01J5 ivith Hi& n^gn^ve sigrt, bai nljpaaver it is iurco&ted| tf 
l^t, e-\ Ink J": Air/id ^7 jne. ti ipth itc^ 

^ :flS, The wrjrd tiuoctur iu Leii^Lhened rornj Um^il, wiUj ihtt 
hbortv'ned fotTii?G of th^ protiDUca, !<? iitu^ ^itb^r by itacnEf cir ft'wh 
die pnwvut parlioiple and oi.'(.*iifltor;aI]v tb^ nm-iJit tu lA^m^sA a 
continacd action. It nuij il^flf tak(^ lh& prefiitmAtivo svElablna 
ul tbci Auriat in uddiUou to the nufiuii^. or If ^I'l.-cbdL-d by 
rAjih, iml^, or lit, b^ canjugiUcd ?itb<4r wicb nr ^thnul tbeiti, 
n« foHowe : — 

* Tu*a is npVBr hnnnl. Wif.b t,bi< ft(fimiJir.iv<» lartifl* nd 
^ 4^1], Ugt, tigfl, th<mM bo u»pd, hiit WAla-Q m iwiiuitiniia 

» llin V U only hnlf itotiftd*»d (§ SO), 



UKfJfiCTlVE TBILITERAL VEilBS 



UJ 



PAST TENSE 



2iid pcro. taunak, taniutnk. m&aht 
3ri3 puTE^- tAUDu, tanDitu, uiisliT 



ronii/niefi ipali-ni'/ 
tanaibaH bftuiiitlia* m&^ju 



PLriLAI. FOIL DOTTT QBNJ>SnH 

lat pera. lAnnioa, tflnnitn/i, mii^hyln 
Slid pei's- UmuuJcfl (-m), tjmmtkS j-m^, umab/tn 
3rd p«Ts. lAnniihiim, TAimithum, mikauylii 



AOB18T 



Snd pars. LLtuniiiLk, titi^oiiiTjik, 
mSdhl 



Aiarnt* atnnnitl, mashyA 
tit&DDik, Lit4Liiiiitik> 

mofihyn 
titnnniha, titaunitha, 



1st p«rfl. mtAnruna, nitaiinittia, nuiRliyln 
Scd pers, tritanriukfi (-in), titotiiiitkfi (-ni), lOAahylti 
Srd jKU^, yitjLcnuhtmi. ;^ tUtmidium, miiah^iu 



rNDEFI2^TE FTTTURE 

HA^ih toniJ, atunnt, tanaitl, abamiitf, miLah] : m;ba tariDtka* 
ttniutibu,* tiuiEiiUiu, tLiiinitbu.'^ jitm4i>a. JlCh 

Tmp^rnt. tJiTLiif>k,tar]mtak,m&Hh1 : tunnik, t'liinitik, mrwi>iF'a ; 

REVAfts 4i. — TLiTJ pr^foitnutLToa of the ooiist lu-vt Af:>ij)otuiie£ 
omitU'dr iLH ^fmh^m jtiuulum wo tADEtiiliuui UiJiAL^fci 'jiLu (fil fA^/ 
f6*y fl^aj go d\ftm unJ ir/ilt.- fiirai^hi on. The [iiU|ptUvoi injpei"'tivtt 
■1i^i*H Itot &«efi'i9irilv tjLk*> tho pri.>forinutivu i^ lu tiiu i^r<| pL^rs, 
itUig, of ttie pjktit tciiw' Uiiiij iriuy be gb^ witboat Uib prifiioiUi 
(ju Udmi^ iiijbilil for ^Jimiii nillKM). 

KeBiAUK 'j. — n»!in li HOTn0Tir>#s hnfttvl t.hritio^liftiir fur tncm^ 
but it U ii^ l<>«t common aai>, Thero U uo di^^iinrU'iti nf geiijtr. 



^ Ovciisioiiallr also tAnnitid and Ifiun^tnl. 
3 Fnr titAnniha^ Ao. 



188 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



g 2U\ 'Dh- rnnjuDfiticm (ti£ul4m M-Hnj/ that (t'cuupftptl of ml 
Hiid t.b<> obsoli<t.v vei'b dilm /o^) som^IniE^e uiidcvs nuidumt, 
nmdumti, in tto Ist and 2iid pera. niiig., jls mudumte ^<l:t (for 
omdJIm ^eb) £E'{rj>H^ ^/«a/ yoii hat^ cornf. It K^uuiiua uucliuigcfd 
in tb« olJipr persons. 

§ 320. Tha verh gjib brit'tf is votj rarely used in th& impem- 
tivc, itio vorli hilt' i/iVf, 6r7~n^ (fern, hfitj, pL hjittj)» rcplucioi; it. 

§22]> Tbc iutarje<;lioji j-jUla.(t.f. ya. Allah) AOiu^Umes t-^koo 
the st^'Ei oF tbe 2tiJ p«th. of the ooriut, a& niii tyallu. (tl^'allu) 
ctrrne nivnfj tfufnJ 



THE QtJADRlLlTERAL VERB 

g ^22. Quadriliteial F^ba mjiy be: — ■ 

{a) KeduplicftW foirua of weuJc ti'ilil^rftl veibs, or of 
Jitei'al v^rbs whose medial aud tiliul j'aiiioul m-e Ultmtiatl, the 
Aemnd rodinJ In tbe AeL^oad vaao jLppGaritig na tbv flu^l rodicAl 

of thv ui'W verb; e.g^i — 



bH«bl>i>L 


BoaJi 


hUh'^ 


rnkjiriikh 


iiioaeji 


r^klitt 


i<»ii^iiti 


KptfOk 


fawii 


bavlHfcf 


f^ie 


bm* 


bftlbil 


fCVf 


bttll 


dusjidisb 


truiisJi Ui pt'-fta 


dofih&h 


ithniUfiTiim 


miff 


rahiuani 


4jtLlH|ab 


rWf nratt 


qnbb 



KEllAnii, — palidith i/~&afCf^ (oi-ipimUv dft*du*) ' appeftTB lo \rt> 
mi int*^i]fiive foirm of tliu paiffx^t verb ilu'jtf, tbe &aa\ ndicaX 
Utiiiig dj"up|»eil. 

[fi^ Len^tbtinnd forma of tbe perfect or wmJc tjilit«im1,a nt^w 
letter beiDif b^ldixi At tb« beginning, m tho middle, or at tbft <»ii4 
of ^« word; (,jj, : — 



' Tlim vrovd ifl »iJii to be tbe linpefikt, of lb- i ■ : of 

the obiHikita dlft rom'\ «itb prootLttic A ulbc^i- llic 'i Mi4 

IlKhr'rm\ It 11 not i4Hi*il m iiiiy olbHr U.uim'. 

' 'T'h'^ vi^rlu in tJiin r^iluniEi m'^i the trilitvi'iili in whiub tlid 
4ri , JjjiVr tb<iir ui-i*;!)!, Tboy xiTu |!|LVoa in tJiv fono in 

* < i. tUu iil-*iairy luufftT *•». 

* ^kftMii' if ftttli bi<«ni, Uiough ln> frW|U«iitly thivn dn^dA^. 



THE QUADRILITERAL VEliB 



189 



qaJ-bat 
kbiu-bua 

ktl'LTWihb 

ituu'shaq 
m&twih 

itmakhtfii 



behalf blind ^ 


*imiflh 


Tvif, filojK 


iiiiaJ^ior 


turn a 'ir.'t^ tar 


tirisb 


/ifn /urf 


nUDAll' 


UpHi 


qalob 


fj^jtmd 


'aIwi 


ItifvtP 


qAdaf 


fjij/iff, h'Ad tQ 


Bblblt 


c<m/uM 


hhnUt 


^ Htirnjff 


qomit 


bf i^ifiitf^i 


*nllu^ 


^fitrcf rcifh '/tuny hoicti 


hlufuir khanttq 


tCTOich 


kUn^^ 


Keratch (a« * utouBi^) 


hliiLm&k* 


viimfh 


qtu'ufib 


/rule 


dibU 


i^kws 


kliiib 


imret nut in jftttan 


fJuk'ul 


be dfV^t 


£ELfj}jlll ^ 


ii\lk XTKiudy 


Lu^Jid 


iGtr tn y/jcsCM 


ahnr&t 


mundi 


qnmflh 
foraah 


thread rmt 


Hm/fttf, fi&'oTn^ arojue 


itffi\at* 


(trow fltmiy 


iL^ilfiL 


jtfui; tfief<Tp 


it-ftyiq 


rei'ile 


'iyir 


jfiO^rt pitfti/ 


'•gan 


becofrir vminiaured 


it'Ashiq 


letiri asTray 


tAiyih 


fVjayr^ 


khaiEJ'^ 


rtdine 


inga'a^ 



' Afl in tin* oiproMion 'flnu mittn^inieba, 

' We axy jij'jm-mah (or yirmttti) wara o liiBwin, For the 
iiiitc^d stbtLkiils, (»j[Q^-u t}iv ifi of till' tenUi ilnrivei] Fona sud 
lb* sititfr Iftti^^iitk^es Aniuirii4^ ftnd EUixopiu. 

> SUflnUiF h&s retwuUy f^illnn into iUa'ist>. 

' Not in use; fjtlut iiir.jiaa ^^^ r/ci lovgt, tj'nt/tf. 

* Of. ifclsij 14^'h in 'Aii^h aAgbit, MaTiy trUitpcrttlH rire t-hpm- 
8*1p»'* cjply (**ii|t;tl»"ticfi fcrmi? of weiUc verb*, op verbs with n 
doubk-il rtidioolf Oil -sliAqqaJ- from ftiuiqq (*nU) /(> i^lt ; BO baKii\ 
1m4^ (abuveV &et» below, Ksui. b. 

^ Cf^ irtbnbAkJitof itf Uuf (i vonl. hcTwarar, iiot iii eamnion 



^0 



THE QPOKEtJ ABABXC OF EO^'PT 



itOft^UlB 




TfTfioe 




a&'aAt^ 


Uhwif,' 




S^^id 


1ft Lbi^* 


IftBwa* 




^'^J 


loda' 


Ukbvria 




fv /- r /tfccn 


lullliA 


\1.'fAni\ 




te/in/iii itiMwitiiMli/ 


"]J|U1 


khlit^i 




impaie 


khaeoq' 


qorwal* 




cut of 


'jantt ^ 


oaqwar 




•rwr/J^ 


tijtqu^ 


hIiuJiwot 




■Twar irif /t fOO£ 


^btlihar 


itqarvif 




yef d-utgui(^ 


qirif 


WJkfffhll 




ptii&s in mutdia 


WUA^V 


itWf|4.U f = 


Lt'Moq 


y 




from "jJiwi) 






itmlibiii 




becoTM a trumk. 


itrahhib 


('j) Oi-i^iiift; 


Ibroifl 


01 foriDfl dei'Ivnd from (jllilyU'fil verbs 


ubBoletu lit lioth tilio LiT^^nu'y und apok&Ti flinlMtb ; f .[;. — 


batb^t 


f}?iaBh 




twfra^ 


tnrnlflc (from 


[nahvuili 


fi^ 






culd, ^c.) 


dAhdur 


Ttdi 




ra*m* 


be /res f' tijni 'jiten 


dordUb (fi 1 


get confuted ^u 


km'kib 


ptdin difoni^ 


tuJibtn) 


spooking) 


Wftsbwiah 


wfii'tpar 



iE.K»Aiii[-—Mikuy of these, likubiLLba^, rSi^isia't)r«^upHc<itttd, 
or at luiidl tbf third rtidicttl is iJoxjtiud with ttu first, IE* oUbct* 
nil four ra.Ji(!jJf( tiri' Ji^oreut. Some, li^ V^shtoAii ouil 
wnsiiwuth, or? no doubt onam&U^ikK^tic, 

(li) Pui'^K' di^nomiiiJLtiv^^, Lanny uf them from i<yv&iga naut;*, 
jhiiJ ttW fi-oni noima oontaimn^ aior<' tbiii tbi^« ojiifioiiuuM,* 
FjuifpL wLviL- ft Eti La insarled, aa uhfthorwid to Uow the hot isind^ 

bnnrjfbii ^hoof bundu^ 

itheLTTtH' jfut tm a rvit buiiju* 

gurrml a^ite abovt tJn£ t'n d r^i^iBtjfaper gurtiul 

tti'EiEJir^U tjE a ^apiintigt r^smli 

^••'i.-tj imttire sakmtA 

kaiLiii jnji rWu ^Nffi^tn^n^ knziuLtt) 

nuunt hlwtftr nniznlt 

itn^ifui ^ li^ X^imrcd, Lb. fki ff/ranTiVfoi/y 

^ liivou verba U'e uoi in use m the C&ireac duloct^ 

* Tbfl primitive vi^rlr ^(tnonilly m«&aa to cheat in Ckirvna. 



* UnloBS -■ ■ --if »[iJ tiHfnmiT Aj n 






THK qUADEIUTEIUL VKEB 



L91 



Reuauk a.— It wiU bu obEfirveU ibnt » U the only l^ttci 

tuldbd nil the tiud uf a UlliWiol W tn^iivert it uito a (juadiiliterul, 
and tliiLi m and ur urc moro fnvjuently JLddod than any otliur 
iotliil'. I'hofl** wLiob i[i*Hrt r aud f cjc*rreiijionil to the SvrJac par'el 
ttbd p&'leli recorded in thftb IfkCguiLifu &a fornix of tbo triJitreral 

HKHAOii b.^^Somctimes liotb tJie qu^riiit^iTd aiif] pt-rfeet 
tii^ttjul from vbioh it is iiumedmtclj formed owe tbeir oriifln 
to » wdk triLitei'uJ) or a trilitoiuL with ;l dcjubled i-odii!^ (thu 
Lititft ill mauy L:as^^6 beiug uu longer Lu ii^)> hb z^h, £d^hil, 
xaghlil ; sh^^ tcordi, sWa^, sht^'waf. 

^^ 3S3. QiuLiirUitej'tdSj and in pai-ti«u)&r tbo duplioutcd farLuSf 
g«iLpi^lly kitviicifv th« mottbiu^ of thv triJiboral rarb, and berem 
-im:ri?uju Lbt* ruj^fjujbl&uci^ which ihi^v aUutuij' beuj in Mjiiuturt; 
to th« first derive<| foim of tbi' trilitHral, 

^ 221, The vowoL of tbs tirst eyllable of tb« qoadr-iliteml 
ia always It; thut of ibo final syllable i^ li or r* iu acci:>r<laDi% 
with the rule laid dov?H \a% iCl. There are, howe\cr, jl fuw 
uxoeptioQs, a^ g^irELul, vhiob in a1,9o at timi<a prcinouiicp>r1 giirtiit, 
[ibuukol (or ahauldlj^ ho'A^ trip np^ luvrkib uftad^ qiLsIit^iak ^Jhau. 
Thuifl'] vti-bn who»& 5PUf«»i| v'oivcl ifl i ore uMiiJly active ill 

^ %2^. Thi? conj ijgJitioix otferii tig dilficiiltitis, as wiU bo mod 
fruxii th« fullovrii^g ux&mpJes: — 



PAST TENSE 



IfftptfrB. duhdart, kiu-kibt 
SiLil [Jura. dubdort, korkibi 
3iil portt, JiiJ^d«r, luu^b 



rakL 

dolidju-tj korklbt 
dolkijui ti, kiukibbi 
do^cinrit, karlclhit 



1st per*, dnhdarua, karkibim 
3nd xii^A. dutidarta (-m), kftikibtu (tn) 
3nl pwa. liuhdiLTi) ('(u], kaikibi^ (-in) 



AOttlST 

Snd pt>rv tidiilidar,- likjtrkib 
3rd p^'B. ^idabdor, yikorkib 



Both foTvi^n worda* 



odahd&r, ukju kib 
cidojiduri, tikutkibi 
tidjibiliu^ tiku-kib 



* Ur U-4iUidAi , 4b\ 



IU2 



THE SPOICEN AEABIG OF EUYCT 



FLt^AAL rOK BOTH CifLSDEBM 

Ist piers. nididLiW, -to, 

3id pera- yUihliJuKl, Jnj^ 

Tmpi^At. vmtK. dulidur, kitrkib ; tern. liikLiliirt, tarlcibl ; pi. da^ 
rlnru, kiirkibQ (n^g. inn tdjihrlurftti,^ &py 

Farticip, miduhdu', mttcArkib (cr m^iLjIitAi-, &r>)> 

Uguabk.— Tha veib (it^' W'/ r^-^fc/^ tlon^l* in iwilitj- u 
^uiLtb'ilitend, is treiatir^l in its coiijupLtujiJ uA u triUturiLl i>r ibe 
j^t^cGriJ d^ji-ivod foTTQ, and makes a^^^ in tfae luirist, inefJlfr in 
tke piLTtitiiplOp 

S ^a6p Thei-u is only ooe 4eriv<Ml lomi^ ami thiA w© ooiistjurt 
hy utliidu^ jf lo the Kiiupli* vurb, as illikkhbd.t ^4? '^j/t^'ujir'i/, iiIclulLiJar 
te rolt^, roll umsfi/, ikkarkib (ilknTkib) b9 thrtjim into Jijwrrf^T, 

KcMVOK <i,—X bHi.-oud form, ilkhubi^t,^ occ!urs in the vrord 

BiCff. Hiuia'Liiu; ^utivi^. Eiiitiuik^iui. Tkl» V(>rb, huwirver^ iH not 
ill 0[>miD4>Q u^u, like ixn kindred ti-iitt«ml ittomiuin. 

Rem\us /r- — Tbo dmved form of tbo <}iuMlHlitoral aneirtft 
tn tbe dftli derivt?d toxru ul the LriHtenJ. 

g '2:iT . Fi-t>m *' atop 'ar " i* tlerivBd thfl verb ifVibbar s/op,^ 
nor, afV^^itmr, purltoip, mii^ibbur, uaiyl in a neutor ae well n^ 
uD active seufltt, luid often witli in> roference to nnwliinerj'. 





VOUAbULAIiY 


1 


b&rgiiu 


ftUk tt>n- 


kHuiaJ 


Mbe ■ 




/ufiediif, 


l*rvU 


/t-umc m 




Jttutter 


b&htor 


Fpitl, wratirfU 


lAnbil 


bff lazy 


i)>r,-iblai| 


*lip " 


kllUllFOtI' 


etcrtch 


itrohwiij 


tittthUi 


Ukigiiu 


fra/ifilafe^ iit^ 


Viiwin 


liildrta 




tn-prrt 


gllLUbll 


ti/i 



^ Or mu iid&hdAreh. 

' Trt'lft' in tbo vrittfn dialect. 

* CiLn^r.'fi[)uiiilin|: U> tlir litaiui'^V i^Lbdntt (if^ulallA). 

^ Of- tho AUrnjiri'b'iuii to*. kUifOuirkUh I'ttkh df/j ln'}if—{KA, 

If^ftLbiu i» not 10 be i.^." ot 

Uie verb fftbor. 



THE QTTADTtrLTTERAL VKRTl 



m 



kurLlii 'uLu 


j-iit {Hiti yuU' 


\ahbiuy 


/i>l.l 




ntijiinfl 


iSUaUUtk 


«'r*y 


qarL«« 


tie tv titp poiri' 


r^jH« 


danca 




wt^ 0/ itlB 


wiqil' 


iitiittd 




mid.lU 1 


{awn 


fold 


l|»«'ouf 


be /-"J/W tt/' 


u^^^ 


huh 




wiiA f/nr/e 


iVa;^ 


tit i/iftm 


iu&ULt ('nln) ;i/'i^ thf ijtatuf 


iL-ii> 


valk ahitit 




^diiy 


tbWd 


ilClttt 


iDtiallOiii 'tUii 


Utni it Offer 


^iftr 


emlfitiihritnt 


iVafrftV 


htcifint lU'f itTifi 


jfli-* 


fiictiint 




jwulM-iJSHttt 


sHuniEiiJliia 


rraJt^r^Tntlijru 




inhave 


TruUi 


/ruii 




Wiftufiit'h 


rUEA 


rire 


Idd&rwLsli 


tjrcoitu^ ri tier- 


lajJiiuJi 


laffft^^-!u/h 




irUh 


BJtliJlt 


LuLef 



Inti ddawCtt 'aiulo mint Uuvi^va Kj,wn 'uln kiMi$> Ir 

tniMiwI^^ft. Mil U^wlnh rlirii^t 'tuir. ukuattini^ 11 'o^ya Icclmt 
Bfti^^wtyn wnru ihibni. Hull, yu l»itto, Uiiisl iiq'ud 'ul<}h, Ta'i 

"niJiin Grt' l»iksl»? khiilmi- 'ifcii uliuK» Jit'lii yi^l vaXU U" ? M» 
bf&ati }?Ayn Ut^U? Lr', ILila IH ^iiTln. II hmle ipUiiniJib taht if 

ri^gftlr^ 'ftla biyuthum, Tjiniiitik ^nl'ii ^^'ftiyihum ^aVx Ux{, Tan- 
lUlijk hiuk 1 UliU lUtiiuu^-jLtjtu au^VA' TiLiuuba I mn^^Lk^ tiuqqe 
qLiilclfim 11 'ar^ili\At. In nUv\n trvnnirhLiiD liiiiimii \ia.^^i] 1 bf't. 
Intl 1^ ItLEuuni tittLQtiik ti tiuLtvaU Wi'ihid 4 Mn tannjiki^hi tqul 
hi^fjt Rflye di- Titru/Jll bijcibftj):iiJi bt 1 Lrilim ; oiuah "iiif blqCJ 
tbt n ardt> uiiUmlibi-dia bi I laoiya^ uui liylj^EarabH IJl^Jib- 
llAylili) ni^uutiU i! ma^'^Ltt d 1 gurunin (gjt-rAull). Da rigil 
DitfAubU u kjUQOu nii^iJ^L^ oiA^ ti iiiiftiu, biyiitjkii' raa fieh ha^ide 
ghorir KunitA mdalidoiia il kflra fi 1 arj bidai mib uihrliiha *4li- 

' b'riiTH r^-'ii'bflM {L|HribONl. The vwrli jji used of lordug up 

Uti> hrjul of H duukoy, Jtc, L^ tyuig ibe ruius to u ru)|5 iu tL« 

i^dlf . 

* CruLtini^Ctu] fi^ui ]«it&iv'0.> Tba ftct-iuit 14 mj Llia flmil 

* Tbe d U pronouJUk-'d fomtjwhikt ahortlj. (Seo £ 13.) 



\n 



THE SPOKEN AEABIC OF EGYPT 



11 kiuiiAn khni^i^ ]iEn& 'ABhiln tilKj^ I kbnabalm kullthii miklmiv 
baqa. In ti&t eha'lUit fi 1 b£t- Jt'afra^ iJ Jiu^An Iilhuda wiq^it 
iJ ^li^ckla tpjihto riglii. Hlyu khaDMuit LI fulCa fi iiha, yn^ni 
lAbbnqit idba ^ilChuiii. II itULntiJ d^iMa'd kttr, K£h£4U-ii med&h' 
dah. II bpntlin lELmuin yikbixi- (i 1 iirr] wp vikhiljiir^ jaqnmi 

ESERC18E 70 

TliP papers ftrn all in coaf union ; ' ffbv JM(/t >oii wijmli'^r 

on iviilltfng ftlwMitftU Dlgbt, Thay contimied plflvlng Atid nin^n/ 
«!ii Jaiioinp until llio aun roee.* Nobody wah ever biiboj by 
him, Dur biut he evoi' bribed Anybody, Tim ougLt Ut tifl-me oo^ 
u( tliese twii j>it-ttir^.>t. Bhti vim utvrryirjg tbf; bfLfiknti oti hi?t urui 
wbtjn tb*i rirp wiui ajiilt on tb* grouuil, Wt botb sb'ppeif u»rl 
went'' rollitijf doT^TJ tbe bank till we fell into ihf fftuul, 1 Hflw 
yofj Btauditnf tbeie ahirermp'' witb^ ool<l> Tbe liotm' «*s goi&f: 
Kt /Ln uuible. Slit* iilwiiys [ilnyfi Uld graci'I buly ULtlk irn*. Yoii 
bud bettflr* ri-giaCi^r" your leU-^r?. ftaomg tint there *™ t^hoquen 
in tbf'Ta, Tbcy bwre returned tbe p«pty uU tore. Yoii hiivoti't 
tn11i'eHMjd yinir Itittur. Tbtj liorli^j Jiaa tu be aifted before It i* 
given tji thP hnC'^e. Ho wants to loivl it ovitr everybody. Will 
they put Ud iiito i](iiU'a.utine ut Port HraJ J PIml«« Idob^q thi£ 
cord Ik HttlOi Tak<^ tlie tiibleclotb in '" tbe middk- »nd fold it(ili, 
twu). Wbut" was sbe wliitfpeiiiig iu bi* eni'? ^^by ilidc'lyoii' 
entne vbon T mllM t-jyoii ? You will j:f*t iti i['" you eat TiiiHpe*' 
fruit- Xbe ticJJs viEJ be irrigated '* to-iDortvw iift«riiih>ii> 



VERBAL NOTTNS 

g 328. Yerbal rotina, wljMiiv^, miil BiibffbAiitvTM aro tJlov 
wliiclt iLTo dprired directly from verba, Th.'j Uitty b-.- exirrt^esiTi^; — 

(n) Of thtfagtiDbor ptsraoEi wio ucto, nf kntib A0 rW irnlr«,a 
ri^i, katiEiOn a MMffMr (from knuaa nretp). 



'Si 11 [2), 553. 

' di-d pors. ding. fem. 

* tftDD. 

^ min. 



>' AfWthftTorb. 
*' Kern. Mitm^ 



■ PoHicip, fiim. 

* Vt^rb bi-fort' "ubsti 

* Ciintinti*«t jn'HHfml. 

* Abaui, lit IfpuDtiiff of i«ot*no«, 
'* min. 



VERBAL NOUNS 



195 



(A) Of tlia p:ri'Aoii or thing ou whc>aa the act is perrorrool (tbv 
jvitit^ut), or of blitt tbuig ci'^Vfsl by ita action, aa m^tflb a fAm^ 
urrif/tfn, aUtt&r. 

(c) Of tbd fiction i>r the vrrb in md abatrftct form* or of tbv 
bncomiug wbat il d^noUie, im dfti'b atrtJtintj^ ?ugr a 6^n^ fr^ui//, 

('i) Of the doing oJ tbkt «j!ttun uncef u diirba a 4trikiitg onfv, 

(e) Uf tbe time or tlit' pUci- at wLkh it i« p^formed, na 

(/) or tbi' lEn^triiritHut wilb whiub it is parfonn»l,a£ muflA^L 
k^ (frooi futuh fo ijff). 

(j) Of tbe voMol o-ntrLjiiidg ibui wliiti ih produced by tLi; 
■utioa of tUc verb, ^(4 Uiticirili u mt/^k^mti (from liiLl»Lb fu rirtJIt). 

§ 220- Clnj^3^i( n and ^ incliule not *>n1j tb^ U4.:tix~e iknd pad^ve 
parti(r)pltie, but oil .k'ljwtives di^rived from v^rba, □umy of vhiob 
ure uaiMloal> US dubstauUvvfi. Tbo foljuwlog ore tliti pril;tii[Jttl 
fwuif wUkh tb"^j uJtf ;— 

axAxrLK 

miuT AtfffT 

kJiifilun roUE/A, in luntp*, tikhit ihirleH 
V}iA\i^ Jtninhf'l, hnT-\m firrbul'ffn, ilis/jifu^ftd 
adjb i^ttl-hre'i^ da^lf rrrvt^, \\nX\'\ shared 
|)ikbil iUUf/f^, tir^lJ 'ifary, gicijil meio' 

IcfUib, tJlnlj tdlit, Hflbil erx»i/. 

okkfJ 'jfuItuTij qa*fli*i pp^'ea/, pMvl^ mtiif^r 
f borkfln sekrhutlnatk. *a|^ll4lt fTiiriit^. kliarb&u *jxjiU 
I birk^ii "iry&ii no-t W * 
12, abrok &kifiiir, bb^ad^ bbwaJ, Ae. 

K&MiRK a,— Th* fiortiirip]^ of the siJUpW and Jeiived formb 
tffv excluded (witL the eiception of b&itkj Erum tho tkbow liBi, 
ft8 Xb^y have btieu alreoilj noticed iicidfT Lnn verb&. 





rauv 


K 


lijirkc 


•* 


biruJc 


3. 


burk 


4. 


1>iiik 


c. 


brttfik 


6. 


1 b^rlU 
"i birtk' 


7. 


birflk 


« 


birik 


V 


b«jTAk 


10. 


l>iirt1k> 



IL 



' Uirlk i» n weok^n^l form of bi^rtk. Tb^ a u slu-uyB ouun- 
tdlNei) wb^Ti thv ciLicL>AJrL^ coii:jo(i4iitd urt' strong. 
' Nutii'M willf vtiuijHin.ivn ( = liLi-Jary iMi), 

* liitj-iiffivp nf Iwirik. 

* Qii'Lu (Hiid ot^uijotiidlv gi'^nj is for gaWun (Fi^(»ii3 gV)^ tbi 
<r libvui^ foliea out 



[96 



THE SPOKEtf ARABIC OF EOTFT 



RcM^RK fri — A few (juadi'ilitt-nilH linvis i\.xt iirljH*tivp of iMa 
form tukhbi^^ OB khalbt^A i^firetf^rrtf, a rnffne, 

Rc3UitK c. — Bdrik ia ci>itfiti»J to tli9 porti^iplo B,nd tho 
oi'diooJ Qumbere, Bafi&k and b^itk cu^n gejierally uitmnivo in 

The worii gnlUil ^fflrtur/^v is ti d<?(iuminativp from gUla ; «o fautrAb 
(rtT-AvHtfA*/- from tOb, fabbin fiMin ^ubila, sbuddfii Erom shodClf. 
iSuiilc, biu-iiJc, raid bjirkfm &re oftt-a idouticiil iii uieanifLg with 
thu pauive p'^rttcijile of tbe uutive vvrb ^whcUitfr lu tbe f^imtJi- 
or first dpriveil foi'n),' n^ qatll */at« ^ =mflqlul), nisfll w« Moif, a 

Bguark «f . — Bortk acid t\rik ar» frequoj^tly Udvd in tb<« 
tHminiiia to ilenole the thiugoD vliIcL thv Lictiuu uf tlm /erb hik& 
T>«ijii pftrfiirEiivd, as doflriA a f7jffv;r /ibi'Mri, aai^ip ft fhiuij rfolm, 
ftfotjf, UqlviL a/Jnd ; modlja^ fi^iQ t^e intram^itiva mii'Ja jMf^ [uF 
tiraa), ]A UA'd of a yrt^Gictu it*aon (in Bchool), Fioui iulFh r-a/« 
^brif fiuTQed tht-i douhs iilfr^,va uud uifiwn one sjmnitui, mi mUfA^y 

RitkiARK f- — Abr^klc (w^LkciLed to ibrik [u iswid) in confintid 
to tbfJwmptttutLVi'BaiidadjeouvesdeiiotinpfiOThorttddefeotsHGl). 

RsuAan /—A few adjectives, derived from rorbfl whono 
miildk rulic^ is fo or y, tn-lcH the form bbiyik (nr b6yik), jui 
roa.iyit (mSyitJ i/c^oJ (From mLX\ ^oiyib ijood ((ib, y^t^b), 

\ S30. Olofia >: comprij^ca ike e14>-co1j^ mfinllivt^s used BuH- 
slautiveiy. Tbe priQui{tfd forma uf bliuFiti dmlv^ frani the 
primitive verb nre |U4 follows : — 



runic juaio'I'Cb 

1. b%J'k knlm caneeoliu-j, 'iLjd h\Un0, iJd rattJtfft t[C\l (fuT 

DiurTi^) Wn^ '/^ i^fnrwft '#mik Ip-in^ fAimt^ 
4. borlUc 4ja1ill1 actft^in'j 



^ KoHrUb ii tmnl of ona vho has junt laid ik li^^ Iboa^h U 
properly si^iuti'-'i trnu lul'Uctwi Lj lyinp. it /■" r 

- ll'ilk is tbc iHUH, jjiuticifi. of Uiu |«i:j./ -.,,1 n.il,, 

HA Uu'llk biol Uwi llf-bn-w, 

3 l?fl4>d Ln tfiM |iii?^. pii-ti<'i[i. of L)'m]()tf^jAf]v^^ wbL^b i>i mit, 
b^<r<<viT, in CQl1tJL|uiAl iuM>. 

& All tbo iMli^uri luvv tLb fum- 



^2 


a 


^^Hl 


^^M 


p 




VERBAL N0UX3 IBT ^H 


^H 


roTtu 


■XJan>LftB ^^1 


^H 


bi.'k 


'flm krifuHny, tCff'ifU-'t'jr. ki<lb iyimj, lit ^^H 


^H 


birHlc 


irilftA txtiitv}^ Til la /NrrwH/infj, rf^iurfT^/, ifhillik ^^H 


^^M 


(biimU) (jjhunft) a fmruj miffirrrvifnt, ri^-h'in ^^| 


^H 


bir£k 


kitiib ri^t/jri^i fi>u^,^ tjij'ilD rifin^/, atntiinij ^^H 


^H 


birlk 


□ihf'i brayi'njrB ^^H 


^^1 


blLTlc 


»;ukr T 'ji-tUiv; drvnk^ stui-b drinking^ tQl (for ^^| 
luwk) ^V/ /f>nf7i leti'jth ^^H 


^1 


biii^^kk 


BU'AI rjr'fifiV'Ai'n;^, tjJtKtW'tTi ^^H 


^^H 


( birOk ] 


1 ititkl^ni ''rrfvrf7'';» ^tiry- biiilii] AWnr^ ner^^iviri/, ^^H 


^1 


tj^^rfuwfii/, ffiirlir /j^ji^7 f/''''^i fjintiimu, wifftl rif- ^^H 
1 rifing^ tLfri'^at, ^}ii^i1w beitt'j dfar ^^H 


^^H 


^1 


Uu-k» 




^1 


bartkn 


unrlAfii fl'tiniiig, ^am/iya* Uin'intisfi ^^^^^| 


^H 


buHUlfi 


m/U'^'& nui/t/frMVff (vc^i-b noti Iii ueta) ^^^^^H 


^H 


blrka 


ihimiiyi, fhv/t ^^^^^H 


^H 


hiiiiksk 




^1 


bu-lkii 


TTii^bi iinn^in/jt aiigir^ rnminr/ ^^^^^H 


^H 


biLjrlkfi 


j^lmFjlnk tnitrl\iji{i. 'j^ai^iin-j ^^^| 


^H 


biifilkii 


rluw:irjUi /urnfR^, ahnwafAn f^f'ri'/, (JftWfikhilEi ^^^^^| 


^H 


InunkAii 


^^1 




•j*'tUn>j {jidilfit Ui-w\\\\k\\ (nr tiiyitliAn) ^r/i'u/ rur- ^^^| 


^^^P 




frtiii, fffiol ijothf-rinq^ khAPA-T'Au hal:ifi^ ^^^^k 


^1 


barkniia 




^H 


birkiin 


biinyllii ftiiftfin^f^ nWila (n(j^yAn)/(Tc^fi'fi^ ^^^^^| 


^^H 


(burk&n) ^^^^^^ 


^H 


birkiva 


fihiiliMya* gtffn^fth ^^^^H 


^H 


biirufcljn 


1 6ukbiiu1y» fviri'> Ar>/, yujau'ltvH Wrtff TulfJ ^^^^^| 


^H 


ni^i.bmk 


iiiaflliAl (UiT mit^hynl)* rarryinij ^^^^^^ 


^H 


mn.br ik 


mibl< (loebl'), for mibyl\ tctling, taigi^ roming ^^^^H 


^^H 


(mibrik) ^^^^^| 


^B 


mihrhk 


minr&li ,'/'rinr/ ^^H 


^H 


iBiihntkjt 


iii;uf<iu« bt'in;/ ]iotBerJ%dtmiit.\iyjiLkha Mttg n theihh ^^H 


^^K 


iQjLbrikA 


ful'iiitt h¥jirin>j, kitoU^'fd^is, luii^iului {foe inii'- ^^H 


^B 


mi (ai") 
iHvrkjL 


tuehabbji ^c/nVii^, c^^writun ^^^^^| 


H 


In a [Ku^tfiTo fiPiiau, ^^| 


^^H 


The verb ^^ 


i^ (miy UKV4l iu the ikbi derirml forut (juilibuq). ^^H 


^^H 


A l8Tigthener| forrn af slitrlilrL ^^^^^| 


^^B 


Jiut OB yL-^iAb u r<jr >-iii}-Ab {I 2Q4 Mg.^ ^^^H 



19a 



THE SPOSEN ARABIC OP EG^TT 



Reuagk n, — Of llfeee forms, 1, 3, 5, 12, 16, and 23 uremoHtly 
in uAa, while many of th^ uthera ^ro of vary raru oct^rr^Dce^ 
Bark id gvii«rnlly the jtbstrACC nouu 1>F tinnhitivo vcrlit ; Li^ilc 
of lEitraiJSLtive li^ otien tks imiiAitiveti , birk. ia I'lru^ed U>- 
iotmtisitJvtj; : birnlcn. r^ m<>st1y u^ cif trsjloi nr profe^^ionB; 
bijmh1\'tL and burCikn art derived ontir^ly frum oeul^is Uf^Ually 
admitting both the ftxuia bii'ik i^nd btii-uk, mid expie^ng 
jLbsLi^rt qimlibiee. 

Remark /' —Many of tbese nooDa are ueed In a cx^nc^i^to mJk 
well aa ail abstract i^oiine, ae mA'nfa ATiOnrtm;, iMt iicqaaitiiAft^p 
And dome of tbetu culy in n. concrete Mio^e, jls 'tifili ^rvW 
(origioolly Utfin^). BuiLti of lliHoi have both au active Ltrid & 
paiSJTe <ignificatir>n , us darbu /jij strihintj tyt hiir tejnrj tlrib-k, 
BU'fllu fttff queaUoniftgt hit ju*a/it>n, or hie ludng quttttonadj hiM 

Remark r. — Theleit«rwprrtc«d<-d bvthe vywi*l i »nd fotlOTPcl 
by rj, I.e. m tba forniB hirlk, biHicH, burakjif ie chBDg*4<l to ^, M 
qiyiin (for qiwam), ijiyam j'aaUti'j {for jiwfim), wyarft (or Eiiffftm] 
vitfitifujf fii^ikdiL (or aaviadfi^ 

Rbhakje r/, — Tbn ituuii of the form bark dt-riv^ frQiu vprb« 
whn«e last two mdicalg are tho i.-tiii4j id nwe-ssariLy identical 
with tbo 3rd pcra. siug. of the poet tense, atul burak ia idontictkl 
witb i)i9 3rii yvr^. siu^. of the jia^t Voii^f of tbo ptufet;!; vcib. 

Rruark e. — NcHiiiA titirtveti from \eT\iJi whow middle r^ulicnl 
IB V or y BJv in goti^ra] aubjevt to tho i^huiigea to whteh th» v(*irlki 
tbemsetvoa ore b<kbii>. Thus^ dorivtU from vorba who^o fii^ 
ndiral ia w AomvtioQi^ drop that leitur, ba fifu 'lutUiis {from 
wa?»f), gibn direftiort (from wiigfth).* 

Kbuauk /-—A furm buttLkjL»pp«ars intho w-^hrdv (talA ^rrajftfr^ 
(imi hayA ^)t (cijntractod fmin ^'twa and hajnwa|j iiiid in a few 
ijther wniJfi iiol iji uciteral use. 

§ 2:11. The abstract iimma of ipb^ i^«riirfid funnA uf th« trU 
lit«r&l verb are a^ FqIIows ; — 

I. 

J, lAbrik as tuftleb MOrelimif (f^ttiAb), tiulwlr fnpntnjr. 
2. lAltfuktf us tukoLi-a rtititivdintT^ tirkd (sakluLr^ 
rt. lAbrikft iw trtgribtt tnjiruj, fi^ivri^ifi* iiptrnh). 
4. tJ^brtkii ik« tsLKllTft n>ti>tiiiuij. ttniHtimnt'ni 'Ha\\h.\ 
tiiJillyn ticff/nKfttfj (halU). 

Rbmakie.^ — Tbc lirst ilihI fourth kff tJn^ije furmi uru by f*r tk* 



> Wigah Ifl cot itwif in use. 



VERBAL NOUNS 



199 



final r^diral la y- A fifth form, ta>FrHlt,((ci-urB io t.>ii*umnl fnkmr 
rtfeftfin-/ {\arnr), rnni n &iaith in tilqu' a Urtn/jiT^ ft^ff fff/ti-'f r^ith 
(In4|<]a) ; but tie f^impr ia M?ircely cullcyiiiiiil,^ fnv\ tht- KUi-r ia 
ii^btl only in tbb exj^iiveioD uiiu tilqu' ^ ullT&u, uiifMik, il:i;., fi/ fiis, 
yum'i ^r.y tjit^ accord. 

II. 
1, mi ^n>R. rail), b/irik:* * 

with (^tiCni)t iiji^HtiUL itmruieriuj (jjtwib), 
Itii'iiVm rtjmniefiiiij ('Sv'O, 
3. birdk ns |jif4b (ahinj aeeoufUf i-i// (^u^ib). 

in. 

HcifARH. — Tko pccdiij tjf UitBo forma ia ooufiapi to verb^ 
^liudf> juiildle nuiiukl jei ^ gr V' 
!V. JJot in iit»e< 
V. laborrik, tibuiink, Lihirrik, its tiiWlliu 'j'^o^infA lUjarcTLk 

TI. tabdrik, tibiLi-ik» m t/itiumil tertrtn,-; ttiaHfe, 

RlKAiiK. — -Furms V. anJ VI, rio not bdotif^ to Uio <'olloqaial 
lAngua^e, but are ^GmuLvmeu tj.^il m iuiitutiuii cf Lhe Illerury 
tfilAmih ttnil tdbrinik. 

(inkntttir). 
Rkmaus. — This futm Likewise i& verj ran^ly liuard. 
V-Eilh ibtinLk im ic^tiLlm rctvtKi''/ (is^taluiLi), 
i&htiyrii| yvttrniTi^ (isKlAi|)- 
IX, ihrikdk ftH ihmirar 'jfJtiv^ i-eiL 
Jt. ami XI. iatibrak &n iatifham ffofhft-j in/vnu-tUon. 
'i. utihr^kn, 11H i^tiqilinu rfv/ifivU, tsti^^hkaa failimj Jvr aid^ 



* Tiikrlr is thi3 form in tia6. 

' Tilijn' irt currupl^d lullimuiftlly l\> tiltifc. 

* Th« Ili^E- EsylLahhs id u-ojitiionul^y u, asji^iully bi5furi9 u. 
The I usniilly fiilb out (^ -TiJ), 

* Liteiuiy ibnUca. Nat« tlibt lb« epokett Un^^^iA^ bib« in 
this ioBtftQCtf th? otrouj^er t^vel. 



200 



THE SPOKEN AEABIC OF EGYPT 



HcHAitE 'r,— Only ?ot'ba wboaa miJ^lIti [lulJi^tO ia r^ or y hbTQ 
tho aoconJ foriii, and of t■^K'^^^J cjniy tliosti wLii^U uiuitiiu^t iix Uio 
piut tento. Fiom istj^wib iititrrtMjal'* is former! istigwijb, afbdr 
lEtibrAJc. 

Rbmaile /'.^In Bome cnaea the noun ia in use, thoii^h tliD 
Fej'lf liJLS hetrome uliHolf^ti^J Tliif vfu<bn,1 substaiirjve of tha 
dw^ve*! forms iH not infrnqnently supjilimJ hy thn |inmitive 
verb, 

^333, Tlie Abatract houp of tLo aimplo qundiil itoraJ Twb 
UikfS tl)f fririit 1:Lkliba(iL ; ^ that uF tbi) derived veib rHi(te)lAlikb!ti 
ns fln}i'la,rft r<ffiii'y, khn.i'bji,ahjv stt\thhmii^ ti(te]bii.rtll a trt'fli; 

S2fJ3- OlfliM i is formed by the nddition of tJje feminine 
ivrmiEjatioTi a if\ tbe ubarTH,tt utjuti, t.lie furmtJ Uirk tiiid Lubi'tk 
b€>iii^ uS*mI <*?tc'tiifijrolj for tJiia piu'iNiHi* in Elin eitso of the primi- 
tive Mid lirftt doTivwi trilitvral vfi'b, ivH <lrM"b ^n^-in;^, darba a 
rtrikiifj onf^^ a bii"(f , ^ftiiJ lUitvi, 'hiIiU p( W" ; ta*fnq nial^iui/ a 
dittv"-tiint, tifiiqa n tuttJiiuy it 'I iff 'jfj-ri"Ti in t\ paeii'-itlar L'iw*. 

Rehauk rt-^^NouD* derived from vnbs wbos^ finrti radu-al iv 
i^ »onit>timi'^ fhixngo the y iiito »■. ftfi j:liJki-wji [for Fhitrvii) r^ jtur- 
ch<wr (from hIiju^ ^'Uf/). A fow liikuna of lbi4 cLiUia t/ikti eithnr 
IP or y, [« yhiilwii (nr gbalyji) r* fffiiiujj.^ 

llsMAiitL t: —With the oxcapllou ol liurTiUc. the dariv«>d fomu 
very rftruly, if ever, udmit uf il noun of tliie I'laae, T[n> word 
i]iutiltl>'>^ ^ i>^itffij'fl 19 uu irr(*KulJkr fm [[i[LtIuu. WiiLi;^ thv fuiriEutno 
of ttie pirtiiii^lM of li^t^ tn^ttMl um the f' inn nf a tnlit^iiil ihHtHPid 
of H qnadrililyrfU, iis it U in ri?Eility. 

Rdjare r. — lit tbv qimdriltti^TiLlA the di't-ivDid fotm tilalcbblt 

bet^oTnbS LLlEikLbntUi* Jia ti[lL')m[ikbiuudu a frautt tipKi by ekaking, 

RzuMvtL '/,— Whoii tUo hbntrrict noun almwly «*ii'l9 in a, mm 
in the i^aho of tlie dlui^Ju quiuli-ilitct-iil vi^rb, no di^tiEK'tJunt of 
(•uur»e. I'AU U< ninde. utid lTii? ailj^tive walMA muHL b& jbdded if 
thu \i^en of Mikity h to b»' eiiiiibiuiir,i«cl , 

g331> >'ourifl of t4Ju« iLud pbuu dtu-ivtfl Ffqpi tb« aimpl* 



1 Or i»xiirt« only In tJio Kt^rAry fliiOwt, Tfco (rolliiqtiW 

ftomctiTnvtf bofrou'( otw |JuJt ol spuovbr wbU© it r*jCcU ijthur* 
bduiigiaj! W the- MfcHHT t^Xil. 

^ UkhUifn, OH vrtl) rirt ulokhblta (bpi- btilow), in tiOinmkaM 
mM by lht« hi|2h>*r r'iFinn.**. 

^ ib* b|nr< lEhjblwAt i" prt-fvmtd to fjbiLl^. 

* Tie f^wnnl any tiltkblfUk. 



VEBDAL yotnrs 



20} 



wtioii tUu vi>w«| of tbi> Jlnnl hvlLvbl^ d tbe /toHflt L» a, g«i[i«'&llj 
ti]!iO wlitm it is u, At;4 (it a fpw cit?t*s wlitrro it U < ; ^ *^. : — 

mw^'hiiifl a f<trffe fumn fir ^imffing (from ghuta^, jigh^a) 

jimibikii irifr/nfii {from t&bftbb, jitbukJi) 

malitob HcJ4uoi ^ (fi^m kftta-b, ^ikiib) 

nui^tif jjiofc ftr time vf mttinff, as- {hoax K^J^i y^^^) 

omgljTtb /tT/M of ijoint/ icentt auneet (from gliRr-ib, jighrii)) 

Bfji&rk o, — The unun of tim© niid plo<3e of verb* wbojjo 
mwlial rftdkifcl is to h^ctna^t nmliuk, n^ moq^ iPi?r>^ru/-^ rr^irffwJ 
tho tt/tfth aja thnUi - (from ijilm, ye^fiuij, am! lIkjw* ivliow mi-^clinl 
rfutic'Jkl in 4/, m:ib^k, bub tbere is |i«rLiip» do vK&mpId h\ tho 
Fpnken liui|;uagi\ 

ItEHAnn t.— flovenU of tliew nouns take the fcimiiiini^ t«iim- 
imtiitn, iiA Tiiiulni^u iKthooi (frniii dtirus, jii]['ia). A f<-VT rErrivt*) 
tram v«'bB vbone iiiitiJil nfc^i<?al h re ar t/ l^ikt tho form mibrftk, 
uti iiii*(iJ * 'fi'jMJint&l lirTie (from ^ft*afl ^rom/ce), mllfld btrtUiiny 
(froDi witiil). 

§ !?;(&, riuHH /. d«*rintiTig tbp inntrumpnt. Inkt-K tbo fnrrrtK 
ntfttu'Ak, mibtnk, tfi tvhicb tbi^ feminitie t<*i-miiiatLon is Hauiti 
times juHefl, ftiid mnbrAk, mlbrlk ; Oh^. ; — 



nukbrnd 


ajik 


bariul 


maqftw 


ta'§a0r* 


qoff 


misuin 


a t/rrl/ftr M/mrjtfruTig 


sniii] 


ninmBaha 


a thith for itiidfi'j 


mji-anh 


n^AQ^^da 


it trap 


faJ 


miiuishahn 


afifj tuhuk 


noahab 


m[LftAli 


it kcif 


fHtAh 


miiikshJir 


a tarn 


EUlshDJ 


minqflr 


a tkii^t 


[ipnflp 


mi^Ya^i 


a ffTUTe 


qto 


mi el El (for 


CI fudati/^ 


VACITI 


mi^Euii) 







^ In tboaa oouib it ie u in thd written dmlMt, a8 kfttubj 
joktub. 

' The maaning digmty^ potiitiim, ia not genentUy knuwn, 
tbotigh thi* (lApri-i^niuu ndbib iDoqAm in iuhhI Hozufitimeit eveu 
by tbe tini.ulm'Htud. 



:i02 



THE SrOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



EcH'iRik n. — The verb ftnm which ihet inHtriinient in derir#d 
is not alu'4)-3 in tite, lu ia tho cans of inkalla pacfnniJ-n&idU {ffotn 
ihe nbsoleto tiiiU), 

BEMdnJE &- — Fivtu tiukliiii ft/? iti ForiJiDtl iDJiDkhLil n eieKt 
from mil wt mirftyn tookiafj-^ttiVK, the qa^'n faJJin^ nwny. 

g l'3ti- V«tba.l nouns JanoCing u Vfiesel take thft Rikiuo foni>« 
n!<i thoAe oF [?lufHj^ /, lifl toihUb 4 JnUk^fftut (Lalab], niibz]i<]n a 

EtEMAHE, — From kahni ^fl pn»"ff^ /fe p^* trith ht^ is deriTed 
oiukhila th/j rcfwl in tnlUrh ihe jirtiut if krpt^ 

§ S37> The abdV-D clcb^ca, choii^t tht^y coiupnsD aviuit numb^^ 
of worda, do tivt IncliLcIti all the ui-iuqa i1i?i iveJ dir^til^ from vorb?^ 
itf othi^rji, the fnllowitig ir** most, worthy of notiw?. ■— 

(ii) XoTiQ^ J^'i^iitiag jk fiLrt or flmoU quuitit^, ThoriA taJt^ 
Lho form birkiL or l^iirkii^ u^; — 



Inqma 



a mtrut/ifiU 



l^tU a hit 

(p) Garmenfjf, cov«riiigHt kc^ maay of which (ukt* th? fom 
blrfik, iLd: — 



Ijliilii 
bifftm 



giiib 



^JCSU^ft, boi/ 



tfratrert 

otvi-ijitmifmi 

(r) Thd plflce vb^7'i> il thing is conEtantly piwIiK^ed or faiinLl, 
or timt b^ means of which tb& jji.-tioi] of tbi? xt^ih U ooufilaQLl/ 
pierfonDCiJ, i» repreoeatad in a few invtuiictH by llifi f«inuuii6 
form of tbti iiiL»usiv(? iidjeciive barruk, Hp^i — 



CDftlUlhft 



tali-cdtiir 



t4n-itlha a rPoIireM 

BorHidtiF'a ia th« vt^rvJttfl whuie wat£ir is kept ooL 
BsHAHK. — A f«w i&teiuive adjectives tjkki> tho furrn» mibribk, 
niihnk. an uiia'nd^ /i/r/unof^. uid iiiibkliJd tvry Vw:^ ujid luiljii 
mSh l^trffr fhi<}fi^. form^ from iIih nouna hukht und x^7.. 

§ 230. Th« remaining forma u-4 mil etwii^y cli^s^ifiad, J4fl tb#y 
ar« ^pli&d almoet indibfrimlniLtely to 4ilTi<re^t u^Lui-a of ooutia, 



ahibli^ a vyimfovf tifTAh applet 

dibbikn Jti^ 

It 239. It Rboald brt noted aJso Uirtt ih jiurtinilAr foiin U DOt 
(itfcre^uril)' i-oiifined entirely to l tJiuui, Tbiia k|i&ni»LMUi voJir- 
inelitm hns iho fotm of nouna d«DotiDLf tfikdus, &o. 

1 0n]r« it repreflenU tb« patfiirspartimplvof th» verb uj'mL 



^B 


J9 


B 


303 ^^^1 


J 


VERBAL 


XOUNS 


^^v 


VOOABULARY 


^H 


^H kbatt 


Aanfir/'yidi;^^ 


'Am 


M&i, leani ^^^^H 


^^H fthitrba 


ttrauglit 


UAwfyA 


OHjhrig ^^^^^H 


^H dubhDl 


ntry 


»ii^ 


eh'ldhooti ^^^^H 


^^1 EiiyAba 


prootratiaii 


ckbh 


ifauy/itrrin-j ^^^M 


^^M luubr 


Kaimnif 


libs' 


ditthiruj ^^^^M 


^1 qi^7» 


fnifimj 


titokJibi; 


teiny ir/i'tfk^d, ^^^^^M 


^M Gr&r 


^oeirt^ 




knocliti'j ^^^^^M 


^^1 m«qauniA 


fttigtiMK9 


nibfit 


^^^^^H 


^^H furOr 


Joy 


Hft«l 


^^^^H 


^^1 tu^hirAh 


fftii^y 


fakic 


untifing ^^^^^M 


^^ wi^lya, 


ortUr 


kuhhih 


cnt/;fhtwf,'Vm.tit ^^^^H 


m qo^id 


nttrnfj 


ghimu 


^^^^H 


^^H taiytr 


puiting mt, in' 


Bukkb 


iieinif ^^^^^^^ 


^^H 


terfffinij i'ne- 




^^^^^H 


^H 


otifj inth 


h(Lf» 


*l<mifj b<ire- ^^^^^^k 


^^1 l^LWA 


tiArijUu'i 




j<jotf9il ^^^^^1 


■ ^AM 


HHjoi/mpft 


maiiqnf 


pitiTB 'i/gtind- ^^H 


^t iobi^M, 


fontrrttint-nf, 




tntj, ttaiui ^^H 


^^1 mbtfl4( 


j/!ea^ur^ 


mnUaial 


holy carj-ri ^^H 


^^H baua 


hiijf}rtfie4^ 




(8VH lAZlBt ^^H 


^^H hitintyii 


iimln^Ai', t^of'i' 




MfHi.Eijypt., ^^1 


^^V 


pa^wft 




cb. jobv.) ^^^^H 


r mdAwu 


fl^prai'ifj/ 


rATnan 


^^^^H 


1 ghiyfij- 


thftJujtti'j 


'jLiuttlija 


dtjimt, ttr^l ^^^^^H 


1 tnn.il]L() 


xfrntrhia'j. 


tAl 


a f^ifunttff, ^^H 


^^- 


tcope 




i/omg thr">"jfk ^^H 


^m ihftf 


ae^nii, iiVw, 


'likkk 


hcfifh ^^H 


^^H 


VMfU 


Gtlr 


p*ietr^ ^^^^^M 


^M dadHh 


frmrtivijf 


4liam^idilD 


raTvlI^firk ^^^^^| 


^M turn* 


it*$>j/, lifpitri- 


'un^bilt 


'^id^r ^^^^^1 


^^H 


1 t\ti 


hukbora 


kiri'i of cl"^ ^^^1 


^^H b^ulw^ 


'friiifjfy'hiwf 


UUa 


^^^^^H 


^^1 ihriiAm 


i-4'j*ji^ri tfj^ re- 


iT-l 


^^^^^H 


^^H 


*p^ 


furn 


^^^^^^1 


^^P mnshtArii 


bityiwj 


kftn^n 


f^L-eti (Arub) ^^^^^| 


^^H (mii»htniu' 




oag»f 


chattdffi'en ^^^^^| 


^V 


jflwmflfljTt 


fuk^hft 


^^^1 


■ 


;'Tv*/w/»wy 


g\M 


tmallpf^t ^^^^^1 


t kubr 


l^irt'jhff/^ ni*'i- 


iiA^ifii 


'*oft ^^^H 


^H 


hiMui 


g4liil 


ti/fu/rttnf ^^^^^1 


^B 


rfvnA'rffrf 


niUJif 


mrs^ krtirf* ^^^^^H 


V dij&nA 


ivlij/i9H 


h4diq 


«a/J ^^^H 



90« 



THE &POKEN AltABTC OF KOTPT 



dimih 


hnjht, BTialtttij 


qlLTEub 


af'jrrcacJl 


TV&kll 


ii^erJt /£//!■&' 


uuiax 


onier. ffiva 




tentative 




ortifn 


khflfif 


fitiffht 


"ird 


/cn/np, rsftir/Tiijt* 


ittbb 


dumhht cctita 


dtHT 


fnjuf^-fila^i^tnn 




EvdiievJy 




tfi 


filiftrraf 


Imnoitf 


njuva 


rhfi}'(j% ertjoin, 


q^wil 


g/itj^ff^ ifivt 




4tnUf 




i^nit'OCt to 


taqtiiq 


f^jfiod^ 


'allaq 


fitfiirh, hang' 


ghala, ghUI 


i>oil 


dr^ 


t^prp^tnii. 


Bj*aii 


•more aecttrmd 




eipu'€^p<i 




{awiX'iiXt), 


qikU' 


tafiroJ\ei:trtv-J 




tU'trnf 


m&la 


M 


bii'de mn 


a/ttrr i/tat 


^"EUn 


t'Orrtnat^ 


lEO'mnahujTi 


as tlnmi/h thf^ 


^fiKzib 


forturCi pnnieh 


(keyiuuu- 




g^liis 


prepare 


hiini) 




r&bbiL 


t/ririQ ftp. 


^jJri hofiTLb 


afj-finliiuj lit 




educate 


Iftgl/Ud^i 


/or, tn Cfiae qf 




EXERC 


I8E TI 





n rabme da kullu nk'im ; kballlh ye^ih liria kbbLiiu 11 
khalte b«tS'ak (a*be i^&wi; iuIq vJqrAb ( 11 qiiiSatB Ju rA^ 
jtkkll ; bidil mu vIIeiiI luqmitt^ti lumil il kiilL Aim 'H^j^hAn^ 
qaw! ; iddlut shmbit moi^a. ^Aitd il *BJikabtlt aVuh tniii t^uf 
lit Domila. XaUnuhk kuUu Iddb mio il auwul li I n.khu'. Jd 
dukhOl fiv'be 'EbQ il kburflfr- Migibt il 'afehe ka.n ([Mi^ mirffjJi- 
bam. Taio&n ish fihi'Ir ti I miuliill tia'ln th^h. Mush ffl.bbt 
bQva, basaa mA^riftt. lia sb^jik il bi^fllf jiktibtLk fi I lui^kbitlfit- 
Iktib II vw*\ *ai\ ittJKm U fulila. Waqt il maglirib ki'init qii'ilik 
fi maktab ubflhn. HQwa wjikll il Kbiillfa bi u itlviU^ 'xjiuu. 
Sbn^hl il miTiBbrtr li lUkfthi- il 
yii^nifab U kiUlM wlJil J cjir^vH. 

'niid iah aljulihAil. lilfji' 'uJu LjislU [ijii'i<IjLi-(4Lk. Siini^la tllmtU^l 
il biirCl'l lummii niiakit fib b iiJlr. M^iiMlyitrik dl li « *■!& miiib 
tiunilin ; tJ^I k^miin nbuwiki^u, WiuLtbu biinUi wo 1«'ml 'uJ^h 
leiona ri^tl tmyib. ObflJ^t U mi>i>A gbulwiu'^tL w^illu ^luUj^ik 
nnl^djt Xxutat 11 l^ui^ii V^-^b^ \u\'\m fiAiiiilii. U;;iLi]w !£(.(■ ^ttit 
l>iTir, Ifiklii lUjIyH 'fd. Aim. nm t\f,h bnilrrt Hf^, Ijh', 11^; 



KrttTV) il Lihql'jA niikfih miiiir 



VKItBAL NOCTNS 



205 



I 



LukiiiQ. Hilw^q&l Ink kpiltf qol ^il^lb ? IJIt^iui iit^^ilwil wiUiid 
'ftlu tA'Uq in no^of wi sh «liiLm'til^iiAt lueEim il fiiriih w» 'nla 
tab'lfi' is Ki^jl^il Ittzf^m iJ liikub iinj^le qu'fiil in utU 'ali^^ha, 
GueUl >>htu^/L iLjh lialHLrn Lv'^ ^ tftzv^ bihrt. Quiiilimu I Wktut 
bi Ln-jibwitu- Thimuhiixn H hur.r. wj mbl*fit ww fl liiLiiii wt |i 
^rflr Uunina yeilQrum we j-ir^ii'uni 'ula bC-tbutii. Anu ni'»Lftii 
min Mnulyit qtiJbl 'fili>b. Mitj mjivwit rjulbibu *a[>'iku ^^rtiuit 
HniubJUia wi khana<]HMiit webni^rtt^ uaiasl miJd^yiq miii mri^kitha 
£i iiu]dliil^ u luq^t A'Aij'itl min khuTiqiha Hya u ruiit fliiibitia tiyA. 
AJd il faw^ili yuifa' 11 gUi\&j b Hq. Fl nhe ^i>bibbu ^ fjiUkh 
biUlic) abOwiuya e(t« iiu^^e buduqfya. SbQf 'ahi modml ahAfAJc.^ 
Ma Ut1u'i4}j il khmiiHiL iniL ifi'bu illu bi c|nJ* id d^^- EluUll 
bAluk oxaly ik kiibTiuja j^ekun kbiLfiT loh*an jitkahb in nlbft 
'&f fuftu, Kutr ll kiiliLm yidun^ U wulod iulu gijimidlyitvi u 
[ULii fiUiiidl^'itu Tidi dit^til u^uitk b^ rJl^O u nLu/lh 'alib iIaIltu- 
Quulu 1 tuliuk^;j^d *iiliL bui^ul il niJU-Atib, KtuilUb *jiit nfir 
Imiixnii yiBtiwi ii fili^n fji^wfyiin tM- a libda. Min ba'de mn 
yikblftfQ milt duAlidk 11 EClL yi^bju-bUjUi, ii b&'d it ti^jbiubil 
ylbutt^b 3 I ludU. Aua eililuf b'Jun il am»tlnt di filiit kbuisuutu 
fiutu fi aid ttikka? Auwil tidiwldiik 'ala \ yimln. 



EXERCISE 73 

Ab soon a« I bA<l finiHbM cleauing^ Cbe bi>u9«. It Mia 
Ijrokeii hy a sUmi* fnUiiitf k'Q h wbou tbi« wjdl wt^a bf:inp ^mllcil 
(Itjwii,* tVjui Ih.'I limited knowledge uE AiubiCn^ Wbe:i by b^il 
got rliiwn from" the horae. He ahowpd ' thf^m ^"pn-t liouoiU', 
as tboupb tb"y war*) bip ppoplo. CIioohi? me a pood cuirii^*© 
From tbd staikd. You ouuAt make a ci^'jiti'at^t with him for^ tba 
girl. (It i») *ibi' whu bi-uii^lit nn? aji fiom niv chiMIifiod U> my 
mauh'xid. 1 biiV4» not yet ^Ubt'd biiytiig wbnt i^ tit-ov^^^u-y 
for thfj ttLbltr. Cbildreu urij Vkx^cLuat^ tu jjiTjtuct thi^iu trutu 



1 See S £00. 

' Or "abi niadiitt sb-^fftk {or uh Bhof), 

* Tmiie. /rt>rr( the st^itiiH.j c/ 

* TrunB. thn dost^il <jf a rfonc Oft l'^ a/ fAff li'mer o/ Mr piUUti^^ 

* Trans, f/**/ nuaI!n£M o/ hf^t h'Otfl'^i^ in tho Ai-aUo* 

* TrvLna, after hia liet'Vnt jru/it ui». 



30e THE SPOKEN AHABIC OF EGYPT 

mA^pcS.^ A Burctpeati oven la bctt-^i' fttr ctKjkiiig ^unUy tUrun 
&n AraN oven, iiml will jmuiali Uipiii jurn^rtlin^ Ut uhe w^vlU- 
n^a* of tb^ir reli^ou, TLe (kil^ius spend ^ ivif or thre*> <)avB 
ui tbe prvpurutiun of tbeu- f*>tHl,* until the time for' the d<y 
p^fture of the mtihiiial apprwu^]i':s.'' Thu Ukd&t U tJDly haXU 
cookHd,* Lmvfl it ttrnre iii nise oF jit*t<l. Wh Krriv*^ befr^iv 
BUM*tt and left befoi'o sunrise,' Thi.' prk'i> for eljiiifj-htmiiir* tt 
Iamb ia live piiwtrcfi tariff. We we adl aitlwAwi tvith* our fool 
uiid clcttliing. I bejud n kiKX'kiiit; ftt ^^ llie door. Why dido't 
you prevent him from stnkinj; her?^* Tjitig*^ i* *m*iitr thiLO 
(mtjiEgJ* Thpj do all these thinga " to miiko fun of people,^' 
When it &rtit caolo dowD^"^ the ituu tab slight. Slie haa b 
violeat cougb. Give m& & Jittlo driiiklng-wtitei,^* ploaa*. T\w 
bin^ guvd orders for bis he&d to be cut ofT.'^ I i^enoj^ni^ him 
by 16 his J* gait. They were buaj with ^ tb^ir drinking and 
singiii^. If fip-^cjcb i^ uilvi^, aiienco is ^old.^' H« ia ever w^iol 
^uiering.'^ Guliif; bw^sfooted ^ i.-i hurmfal bo the heidtb in 
wintor.'" I saw kiia aa I vb4 piu^g through ^ Cairo, 



the . . . 

» fidi). > il hJlI vri Sh aburb. ' 0/ 

' Verb before Ibt* HidjtTi't, 

* TiTum. tiKikiit iiaf/ ti rjHikinij. 

* TniTiSH l^re Vie getting (imxlU) c/ ihf svrt . . . h^fcr^ ffa 

* OoniLnr, " fi, *« O/, gciiitiv«^ 

^' Tiniis. Am tttrikiu'j at (fi) /rfw. 
1- Tian*. th'' ti/iiu/^ ftie itntytng^ 
'* IWns, dyHsflji. 
'^ ^vbiD ill diLk 'rd4 tk uia. 
*• Tmns, t;* xUjl'nt lirMvnl. 

'^ TnmB./(/r(bi) Jj^ <-»//!«■/ fj/(<i/)JiU '^efld. 

" uiiu. '^^ WtA'ti, » fi. 

" Tritnn, if t^f^h tf*/ . . . * titfitfr irill }tv qf ^ , , 

" TriLiiB- Ai" ^tsrn rver (taranlir) «tt^)J ^tHieitnjf. 

'^ Truns, ttf ;!*'ir*gt ^c. 

** Trujin, T'l iA* trrn^rtr. 



THE PREPOSITIONS 



£07 



THE PREPOSITIONS 

S ^\0- The pn>popilious may ho dix-iiltnl into tvro oliieaos: — 
(E) Xaaep-u'iLblo,' u~ those which in proiiubi^iAtiuLi re^*r]v 

furiu iia» wi)[il WLt.ti the iloqii or pronoun whicb th&y precede acid 

^vero; and 

{*!) 8opiu-ab]p. 

g 2< I . Tht former coiisistfl of ttp follomn^ :— 

Ui. b^4 bu a^4 /v/A trit ^., 11. Iv. lu/o/', ^^ £i-.. aiid wel, wi, wv 

Iry ftLi *wetiriu^), na vo AUnb, w AllAhl Ity God, wi liydt fdfok £y 

ItcUAiLK,— Tlie prii'bicle ka /i^f. lui, p.-uUitc-^H of ttie tUit'iiT'e of 
11 ]irrjHi»<itiiiUH UDil mny aWj bh rt^Hi^vcl n^i irL?ii-|ULntUiT, liut it {a 
•('iiTCely heuH ill th^ spokaii Uugiiage, uxuept m ths t^Kpreriftion 
rbhir kft flh flbiima '" f/{.<a>- ^ fh^ lun, luin in tho eouj unction 
isniaiu (or k»'>inii). 

g 24 2, Hnpiiinble prejkwitiotiii ilvi^, for the nionb part) dwHTtnl 

iMt flubfltiintivpB, Tbir failowuijf it a liat uf tbijso iu comuivu 
ud** ; — 



bitn** 


(HJ^fflrfe 


fi,fi 


in 


t>ii"d 


c/Zflj^ 


qabl 


nhove 


hfiu 


frf^tf'r/^l 


he/ff't 


bidi] 


ii'ti'iul of 


qiiclil 


vy iif 


Utit 


niuien 


ijU't'iAin 


in fiffnt uf 


tm 


tllH-%ti'J^ 


quB&J 


OffHfuitf 




iJtfOUU^OKi 


kLulf 


tt^iiwi 


Kftwft 


in, im^uin 


lumma 


tUt^ t'p Itt 


fpinb 


4Mri4ti 


U haxld. Jj 


ujitiit't^/<t''Ci(f 


gh4r 


tJrttfioni, fij^^jrt 


j^b^yit 


utiiU 


luivalfn 


iirfJtiMf 


mA\ mi' 


tv.th 


dicii 


Of^i'rff/ 


lAltl' 


tikt 


^iiuiiL 


oitionif 


niiii 


/'tffB 


.^1 


o^, ^'i* 


w^kjyn, vriya 


imth 


im, uj^W 


Vtl^tH 


Ml* rid 


-ui 


/lt"rt 


mUf^X 


'lulu/ 


'AUlf 


/'^, t/'i'A, ij-c. 







^ 'niey are writu^i; oja HiipjiniLf) wi^rd^ lit tliin woj'k. Ui pnsvmit 
COTifuiion. 

v 'Alki r^proBontj: in botiha tb*> litemrj' ila, wKicb U only 
himnl. poibupa, iu tbc phrih^rtfl ri^ i)a hue or ila uu Hbn Ufliii I4, 
^11 tii mi-diti'/n. 

' MEt1(tiU>nir^ jiiiUilJdodsiiot se^m to lie kiuiwuto inoacnf thd 
lower cnJora — (^.). It u udiudly (iruuourwdd uiul by tliv fducrkW, 



2oa 



THE SP0KEI3" ARABIC OF EGYPT 



mulnrgu in tonjiiui^tiim wiili tlm iiroinjiius tmd Ui« rtign of tU» 

§ 24!3l Ab ill othi>r Itiugujigeis, two pi'opoSLtioufi may occur 
logtlliej', as mia fi^q /rrvrv* a^ort^, {>/. miu vt&rti/r^om Mimi. Mu» 

pl<ionaAticLill}% u9 b&M« mioLiUT taLte minook, mic irhC'i* ^i^i- 
Otbt?r3 fci-m A LLOw ptvpoaitioc in cod j luiction vrith anotbcr word, 
iLA 'aJa eLAn (or'u.abab]_rri>- (hs »ait '>/, ur< account vj\ ]i V^dJ UJ/^. 
f/n/iV. bi dtlD, miu dQn rne/jai^f, gLiufbu (ur ^Lfl^bii]} 'au >'< rjfM of. 
Reuab£- — In biilfl, bflJa^h u-i^wui ; ii^^w Frtiiit// bhe<of bils 
fi4r«iigtb«&(>d to <^. 

THE ADVERBS 

\ 214. Mttujr of tliem? lu^ odjectiveEa uf^rrd ftdvei bmlljr, or 8ut>* 
BiADtivtia io tht< ac(>Eidatxv» ciue (stia {J ^'S)^ or Vitb thi- prouoiuiuitl 
eu£x of UiB ^W pei'fl, ; sciverui tire a combiiibtioti <>f two or 
itiom vrorjF', et^i'L^cioLlv tA a pi-e^xvaitiaii with a aub^t^uilive ; nnA 
iL ft;w, l^idfrij, ^t vtiba ill tbta lird peis, uf tke puAt ut noitab 
taHflu, Kom« are used tSvo ob pi-t|>ositiou0- Tbi» fuLlowUi|; ftro 
EraqiLontJy heard : — 



(1) Adrcrba of tiioej-^ 






Abu^lun 


'fei'PT 


Bamau, iejo 


/oniiCTiy 


a«lti 


orifjifta/ltf 


rAxtma 




diiiviki», fi ] 


Jirffl'j 


sA'tt, nfi^it 


noriifltwet 


uuwii 




dilwftqt, dU- 


at jjrvf'-Hi 


^ijitiij 


wh^t t 


wo'jti - 




imbnikh 


tfiAinlay 


l&ku 


at oncv 


iu noiior dn 


tti-tlay 


■ummn* 


thmi^ r\f\et 


IwUI 


earltf 


'aDuiauwO 


ttitt v-^r 


bnMpbikVlihfi 


o/lL-ftFartiif 


qabEa. qbblihn ht?/in<s 


UMt'ii 


ojt^rwards 


]i6«a 


itot ji'"t^ tUU 


liiikiu 


tti~}nfrrirrfl 


Tiili^ytu. in 


rii^ailfj J 


Uukulll 


ttiii^ayi 


nib^yu 


1 


UjU< 


Oifoin 


wokbil 


lati 1 


davtrutaan. 


alu^yt 




J 


Ouvmuii 






I 


(diL'UTlLUl) 






1 



* Tb*> Nnhwy ivvm Mnij'jxn I* w.iin*fl,itiiL>ji hwvH 
» if-or dl il WH^t (S 41P). Th^ ( [*^'n.i. i 

Uiu fljid cU ill yn tl'MsLk, iV.rv ~ . unU^,) 





^^^V TUG ADVKKB9 


^^^1 


^^P (8) Adrarbt* ol pla.ce ; — 


^^^ 


W bamt imt 


f^uf 


UT^jjniff / ^^^^^1 


^^^ taht under 


ffiq 


ahofe ^^^^^^H 




quddAta 


in/r-DTl^ ^^^^^1 


qtieA'i 


opponh ^^^^^H 


hiiut AffFT 


W^n 


M I'nry ^^^^^H 


(3) Adviirbfl of aunaer wod di^j^e^; — 


^^H 


tttSkhi. atJLrl TWtf', aevurrdty 


h&lbbU, tl- 


certaiaiy, fkJ ^^^^| 


u^i-y ! ft/*"" f 


bait* 


ilirafff. jiro' ^^^M 


bttnlti^bur'lu aJjK'^ all the 




lalbj ^^^^^1 


mttn" 


du^brt ^ 


«frai{7^ ^^^^^1 


baliuh rw nei^il p/. 


di^tiLk, jik d<*<b tcarcM'jf ^^^^^| 


fTTfifia 




hardttj ^^^^^H 


buAi miLii 


robbfttnu.. li 


jifrrhapf ^^^^^1 


tioqa, batjub A^A£ieEri?r, jiM^ 


cubbaDiA 


^^^^H 


b^^yia af/partmtltj 


£^^1] bai-du 


o^f //tf ^^^^H 


bellelJ Wkiii ^irrhapt 


dyitdft 


7j:fW^ ^^^^^H 


bi lituil> caiti\ou4Uj 


£4biq 


/ami^iy ^^^^^| 


bizjAik ^>'' mitr^/t, 


eawa, mwlja 


tfKjfiKer ^^^^H 


rn'>«ij^Jl 


Biniu 


lUealiJiilif ^^^^^1 


bUhnfiAt f^^'^^/.V 


ftirr 


^^^^^^H 


bj 1 liqoll (^ ^nv/ 


ftbaff^iliid. 


svideuUj/ ^^^^^M 


bi I t&khmlii. apprvjiiHiQUiff 


is}j fibril ill 


^^^^^M 


ttLkiuulii 


sbiiwiLkyfi 


^^^H 


tAEuiiiJ, bi t com^ei^i/ 


'A^la 


pertitipt ^^^^^U 


tuiilulU 


'khia 1 mabJ " 


d&idj/, 'jsnilji ^^H 


t&qribuii alx/a( 


fnqal 


cmjy ^^1 


%?\^,\tiL\ii'&tt'^ v^ry rnw.h 


qawl 


idroagiy, v^ry ^^H 


gbiliban, jftvbublf, 


qawum 


qu%M^ ^^^^^H 


gbAUb m^ljf, y««- 


qjille ma 


fff'/t^-lri ^^^^^H 


^^.^ raity 


k&£&,' kedv 


^^^^^H 


^^^^^)l«rabv "Q^r/ 


kfif 


^^^^H 


P huntiLTH, yii / re<mfUr if 


lc@t w^ t^t 


^ rc:^ ^^^^^H 


1 hiLnUm, 


kitk ^ki^tij') 


Tit ^^^^^H 


1 V(V tlil Jk 


kam&Lk, kiN 


o/m, oi/^iin ^^^^^H 


1 Imtbi ^j'VA 


min, kft- 


^^^^^P 


1 huqqb ''V/jr 


Iii4itt 


^^H 


r I Turki*l, 


^^^1 


^^H ' For U bult f/ti? amdnrwii. The A is Erequtintly dropped. ^^^^H 


^^H * Used ftJao witb th^) pronoimiiaJ aufliE^. 


^^^^H 


^^H ' Nob in geiietal uso. 


^^^^^1 





fc^ 




M 




210 THK SPOKEN ARABIC OF ROYPT ^^H 




kfliiiu , It^ 


a^^armtt'y 


mn'uA.ha kin AwMWr if A« ^^M 




vinJi * 




mot iK^eoiitngtjf ^^^ 




kliAlit^ 


ffiti iitii'j 


mQtib, muab, npt ^^H 




1h'.1« 


riOj rw£ 


^^M 




la budd 


iffn/fcimfy 


vtr i^j-^^tingty ^^U 




leb? 


lahff 7 


iit.*aja viv ^^1 




am 


bat 


ira^it at ail ^H 




maskl, ma^a- 


/or erampiv 


wj K aiiUin uu'-sfijT aii ^^M 




]&n 




yik'ni thiU utatay ^H 




moLflftxi, ^A 


apj'OTfmtly 


yitlu* atfi-iii ^^M 




mnJiujiiik 




yud itOvfd _^H 




mft'iiOlm 


tfuU iSj namely 


^ 




k 


CONJUNCTIONS ^^^^^ 




g24fl. Tha 


Following nrt? of overydAj' ixfcurreDOe: — ^^^^| 




all 


or 


luun - . . fioih . . , ^^^^^1 




nULUiu^ 


(•ut, iphffH 


hiua* ^^^^^^1 




agraotL 


fin/-.^, Bvtdn'J th iU 


hattn ujiti^ ^^H 




ALtwit mn 


dircrUtf/ thai 


bAl in 'Hrvrfli/ that ^H 




ft^mn 


iaatTrrifJ'h tig 


hi'-a (Ift) mu r ftti-mnti^h ru ^^H 




At&b], ikUrf 


/iMjui'e'itv 


Ik^kun i'f((drniKA 'M, in ^^H 




iin, inUn 


if 


^H 




in 


if 


sA'it IDS ftl ffip Urnr thiU ^H 




inxi, iLla 


tfiai 


'iiIjl nhHii, tn o/vier fftnf, ^H 




illn inn 


"jrr^pt that 


'fteJ^Jin (iriLi) hr.-ettuaf of ^^M 




ikroino 


^^ng that, A*- 


'ala iuu fiaxl ^^| 






tMUW 


'uLi bAl itiji, tinfii ^^H 




^nDiiina. 


only thnt, '■j^ 


'nWI QiA ^^H 






i-ept Vtot* 


fu, ft, fo Ar>'/| «9 ^^M 




'iwn-I, "uwrtrl 


instead of 


<[Able DiA £>^Ajrr lAof ^^1 




ma 




kiiile infi, inA>fflii4riv ^^^^^1 




tiuVlij ma 


afler thnf 


kuIUnu ^^H 




liidlll nm 


matf<id<// 


kpinn, k«yinii (w if ^^^^H 




tiidw, Uiuvr« 


€u auon Oi, to 


k iuD &fi:aujir, thai ^H 




Tiin 


*r*f!n«r 


Ib^I (ll ;igl) in ontf^ that ^^ 




\\i\ laii 


a* Ivnj/ tiM 


UifJu inn, lu cTr/Er fW 




fghfr inn 


Gi<rfjt thttf lui^flu mji ^^1 


K 


With \.\i^ prujiuiuaukl nul1ivL<i. ^^H 




t 


Aa m ojnmii iiahilf hi rm «e«. ^^^^H 




^^^^L 


Ft. trtilr'ffut. ^^^^^^^ 




^^^1 


Turkjiili, fruit] Pt-nmii. ^^^^^| 



^^E^^H^HI 


^^^P INTEHJECTIONS A>'D CXCT.AMATIOtTR 2U ^^^^ 


biliJiTUi le/i 


iTjAilAm iFifiinAur/i rui ^^^^^H 


\i Iklu. li IjIq i^i^ 


ma'Lna titthnwjh, ^^^^^H 


mti 


tchrrcae ^^^^^| 


Ukln, we tut 


(wA^.vi.wA.^ ^^^^H 


llkm 


In ^^^^^1 


Uu, wolau «/, oUhfUujh 


waIa . . , w^lrt r^'Mer . , - hot ^^^| 


U^\\i *ff^i% hiti for 


wAt^tc mft a' 'A<r ^^V^/v thai ^^H 


Inniiiio. ifA-m 


/ft . . . yft ^^H 


uuitu ■ (only t^hffn 


yft immiL ... ftr . . *ar ^^^^H 


r witb iwst 


yu imtoii^ ^^^^^H 


^^H tansci) 


^^^^^1 


W INTBEJEO'l'IONB AB 


n> EXCLAMATIONS ^^^H 


S 2141. TliH fii1kiii«iiig Hre \n Treriunnt. u^t* ' — ^^^^^| 


Allah, Alia tleur itic 


tbj trb> to cilU II j^mt ^^^M 


(GikI) 


tfL-H-U. vpbeu ll-iLCluil|E ^^H 


nlluLniiima in trtith, ifir- 


iL fbikd to ^^H 


JtM 


^^H 


^ ub-b ^ 0^, dd^, qK 


tmr to tunica ^^H 


akli, Likh miD fit tm 


i-mnfii knuel ^^H 


ithkJil. /'Utf/', '^;A 


(T'ly gi%y gay help ^H 


ukhlrli, iJTi, 


but^ to quint ^^H 


iiifi utr^ji 


■1(^1 die. ^^^1 


iihq (*Ak) ji'tftfT aftame 


bt^. bt (bob, /icrx ^^^^^| 


iy mind 


b^b)C' ^^^H 


yon 


bftV biLy bay to a\]] goftU ^^^^H 


IjAli, Ij'ftlui y^ffr A»!, flAf, w 


tui-ikh, b&tga* to iir^e ft ^^^^^| 


t-Uvlh w*^A, wg( reatljf 


fJoukey ^^H 


iu£L], ehuuil * rnci« 


ktu tu ^^H 


dhf 0^ ub oA^ 4^ 


difiikty ^^^^^1 


^K uiiimil rather, Inhtmht 


Hik Kik sfk tuf^AJI fjim^a ^^^^H 


^^P rAi'iA' AJ, 


^^^^^1 


r r'^^'y 


fiUl-ih to ur^ro u bcn^h ^^^^| 


1 bi lUtxi ^ir (rW 


bunlcD ^^^P 


1 tift bin Ilia Ur chI] n ciil 


Fili^ pli^irtb hfjii* Mfraritjv ^^H 


^^^ ' okLitii U iMrdy Leurd. 


^^^H 


^^^ * AUo \ix iminB.tATtf cuvouHd 


Xfthwy. ^^^^^1 


■ " Kxpri.-JfUH niuBtly Jiitrea* 


ft£tJ udmirfttioD, oiii tiotnt^tuneA ^^^| 


1 Ul t^CU^tlliitdO UfiH^llth 


^^H 


1 ' Lifle-l »w(ii*<:ially to u Jiorn 


81iiri£il in iixteiialvif, iiztd !■ ^^| 


^^^ uukI wbi4ri iti« fir«t ory (iiuiU 1) 1 


kiu [lo uffe^t, ^^^^^1 


^^^ ^ Mostly witb a anil A«(/tf pn 


^ai^^isi). ^^^H 





^^^^ 313 THS SPOXK^ ARAmC OF EGYPT ^^^| 


^^H km kU kU 


to taakb E, 


l4 ^ tu vxpri^^ fiur- ^^B 




bora© go 


pL'i^V ^^B 




bock 


^^B 


^H kb-h-h-h 


to muke a 


ya. itUL hovf mark, turw ^^M 




cajuol kiiDol 


very ^H 


^M ku\ 


tu make jl^ 


ya uia La&Q iUTfffif ^^B 




CA.m«j Gt«p 


yalla rcmr; cm ^^B 




cautiously 


yik r^t ero^^ ififd ^^B 


^^M t(Wti kha(t^ 


to b dooki^y for 


vrioalani, va /ctrtcy, 'f^ar tne ^^M 




tAi9 Criime 


^H 




piir]kas^ 


yia»i, jUao' to maJce a ^^B 


^^^^ 


to c&U u p^r- 


baq& horao stop ^^B 




flou's nttoit- 


ju-{lh (yik oh ^^B 




tioQ| JioyJ 


aAlim) ^H 




VOCABULARY ^| 


^H ^"^ 


rfaw* 


UtarLim inquire ^^B 


^H ka* 


C^&(»W 


darah bulfi- taJre a tiroU ^^B 


^^H aJubuub 


mmntCacfie 


kb&Lit '"■^ ^^B 


^^H kai-sluL 


knmji'r^f 


vnK^qa,' ^ /?f/^, tir^tp ^^B 


^^H Fushri 


rtxreaUan 


bt kb(i]Ejif co'ifrary to ^^B 


^^^H khii.liii,k 


nervine 


bt 1 muri'u cn&: /or o/J^ ^^B 


^^H kmlsu 


fjiurefi 


rur/ at alt ^^B 


^^B lfitH'^1 


hfutu 


iatihljtlb thnvi7itm>j r^ ^^^| 


^^^B *iiia 


gteirii, jloai 


ffetht ^^B 


^H MU 


be ctfrrtcty jtro- 


oukT^il hciuiLKixhi^ ^^B 




per 


miilUn miilxhiu^ ^^B 


^H «4kk 


to lock 


tOI length ^^1 


^^1 


fo br^akfoitt 


iiaLn t^'ifpM ^^H 


^^H aiJiir (ajliir) 


to eit up, MKXUU 


ksiao ^'A ^H 


^H ifbtkni 


think 


4UWWU drenffih. jtomrr ^^B 


^H blrift 


catek cold^ a 


(<|Ova) ^H 




chilt 


'Ada fu«/cwi ^^B 


^^H Bhuld 


jmU 


folitli <rup ^^H 


^^B nAwil 


I'tmdy rea/^i 


^ahll'm Ini^A ^^ 


^^H 


fhoot 


ki'iii j^ifhcGti^falm ^^J 


^^H AamiLk 


M 


biO^ on ^^B 




KXEItCIh^E 73 ^H 


^^^^^B luta ru>i^ 


'a.}h ibui Fib bjamlU^n f ^Jfi fAq tl tarsb^u: ^^M 


^^^^^ hat U wihid m 


nliiim. Ma oiI'lELh fulAa wRla mnllfiii ; ftb *andak ^^^ 


^^H ^ LiL b fullawKt b> thi* pi'i'Ajiid pLTOUuiJiLii, liuwh. tityu. luul | 


^^1 humoii^ U>ini; 


uppvudeft to it LEk tlioii' flLorC49iied furuu. &• Iiuui ^1 


^^B ^il\ [ Ulifi ^ul 


Lkhom i^un t It i^ but n^ivLy n- ^^M 


^^^L^^ t\A p«is< [U 11 


U). ' Tbtf y ia Uirtrh , ^^M 



IN'TEEJECTIONS AND EXCLAMAnOKS 



21Z 



inlAi Itl«' 'aJ*L f/jq we nbflf iza kflfi hAwa Wivib vinzil wnl4 la*, 
Khalli «at>ik (^adds t^lak, BJ^yin ioiJ Pokhi^t il "hib -fllji I ffldi, 
yft'itt *a!U ] hnva.. Hda\ ma (a) dftkhkliAl liniD U kftJAn fi 1 Lodtd. 
BevishUit^hfll 'alii qjuHe quivwitu. Bhiddi mm I garas. Ana 
finy "nri'lnk t.jdii i^ «i|pira- Tutn msiillBtIn in unfi ilfil *aleya leh I 
Miimmu. tii'am tnin liiiwi ya t4Lra wain liwa? Livxim neqflm 
KukrJi lindil IwliBan tu» oilhaqAb il babflr. ljx\ riu dArabtflih 
[|i«ddit kedf^ fj'inid ; kti:LV]T.' Ifumn^iL ina^ibytD 'ikia irtrtbluliuiD 
tE«iUr ; kballlhiim yLsta^gihi Ahiin'au'ji ti 1 mARhu. Li hadd« 
dil^nqti utn 6liuUi»h wolo. waiiid miiJiLim- IJaln«h kali^ hica; 
iokiit! Hidi ti^i emta'f BaMe s4*& u nu^?'^ a^^ Hinih Iism ya 
rK*fcb kiiiin.1 fbiriia liLQjmA labb ir liV'- K-^n^ il (jiiSm ya dflb 
'ityiuFL fi'q wish^h il moiya. IhTia tcimca 'ittidu Tiiin yig\ fia^t&Tt- 
IfdttfL^bu^uu ^Q] il 1^ lumma 11 ^hflyit taia* iJ fi^rr, 'oshAu TJi 
'nu&lle ked^ bi khlAf '^i]tak ? SitribiO; inmthrQta miu 'a.iiij il k^*, 
RS^'it miU»k mti^li Iflzim tiikbiif mfn witk*'! fluyhaiyar. ^ihima 
Inmnifl s ^X'^n talutn min il lill. Tiftikir leiTinu yijin ^ Ma ^rafsh, 
VH yi^! jft ma VLgleh. Uq*ud honib iiit« liLmmrL (ji)rllh atUL 
ti|^'ibha. It liuH&D kbadu bnrd ikniLuita niiiiif mm ^hit Lab nhuU. 
Iflh shiib'd nihaytu /^ye ma quit ario- llli yibru'l If sbawftbid 
H;tMbit qolflJc bOttv kfldum nkht^ w ukhtak. Atabi r rjl^^'il dn 
kullVtnu (oblb, WF?< Ukin 'ammu ab^bih rb^l k^ddah. ^Iwnd ma 
ti^K|a Uioji mil; ^b^r fibughl oJu-vui bi 1 taa-TTi^ ti^i tiAlitigbil 'uudl 
fi 1 gh^.t. Litnc^n juiknln eawa. istibbftb, \Vi ]}yAt 4[i»iiabuk, yn 
£fdl, kul^tml mush kidb; anu ra^ ^m^Ii't ii^ ^i^aJibiab iunJ iikdib 
*n.\vk. \>hibbiba m6t, D kalflm div juk ma. smibtflpb ilia di}- 
waqli, Ya Muwidui^ jb bal^b tdiughb Nihaytu qui li ^vkibn 
wabdJL mmhnm vi g aiiliim Oli tlcnn ni'Ht. Hrtwu qui If *a1a 
iaiLU ba yi^ bokrjt » gnbh. Kihu kblra kMli» niurib kt'blra biufl. 
Humma rt^Jfl 11 a'mil ioh sUn^hle dib Ana b imfjil. Jv£k t«ffit 
'alJ^yu. u mjL biDttc^nh^ iLiui kunnih min diiimulivun- Hf>ii 
tiwHii ? W, b&sse ^(fcubik I^iuDa. Y«jQlQ "imRbl" k^inniha * 
knrEha, wu " mivjihebi " koinniha* foaha. Yn. roabaao yekun j»urfi 
liJ lulls', umcfifkl 'auwoq l^b? AbftyiL ma m-U min r-amiu- Mn 
tt^ tiliuddrtl tiiq'ui] ^andina t^huwoiyiL Yk ina bTa wLfikh yn 
wrtlad ! rickbl vdi'b, da rCigll maJ'Hn, Akb miDoak ilH 'atnalt 
il ■omnliyji. df- Ma niqdarshe nLtlub mmnu Eibu^hlo kctir hAkim 
h<\warfifjFil 'rifiU, MaliTna kAitit il liAfra icqtia liDobAl. Lulijut 
ktmna hinar ma bunnlUh- X^ihn ana dambuif 



> Adjective* ii»wd lulverbiull^. 

» Forkamt(Hfie.'')- 



(biH> SjTiUi, g 3360 



' SynUV,p87. 



dU 



THE STOKEN ARABIC OF EQVPT 



EXEBOrSE 74 

I took mid yestonjay trom not w^iuiEig ' an ^ OTorcMt. 

Sinro w^icn ]iikV{> you b«en i& Cairo?^ PteodO reoboli uia that' 
pHUuil fmuj tliti top uE iLo cii)fb(itird. I ^uudrr urLti hju Uim 
theju* liuvoa out of my ImhiIt f If you gci hi b*HJ ^ twrl j. you itkiiHt 
not ^ijt up liitd, Hti fell off^ the bank into ttw vattfr, JUid 
they wore only justi Oiblo to pull Liiii out bt^foro bv wua dmwueili 
Ycu were mtikiu;; fun of me beliind my tnck. We ruturnad 
wiihoiit unytbiugr aftar two duys' Khooting> WliAt ix the 
Jut<LDCO from U&iitJ to the Fynunids f About tva tiuuj-a nod 
& quarter viblkiu^-^ Hi^ sutd that bo will do ^" it for jollj' ahIcq 
uiOy. Wt- ma liSi^i libn i^ill w& ovettiK^k liiio ouuiile this Lowu. 
Haven't yuii fisk^l hlia yet wliy ho didiri look foi- ^^ my waloh, 
or mako iuqnii'ii^s about ^'^ it'i The wutor flows round tbi^ vilLugi^, 
&nd the iuhabitouta finb in ^^ it. So Ja always trying " to talk 
Nabny, iin<l wnyp, for eiumple: " ir ftiguT aJkzl ga.' *in<ll ams" 
for " ir rfigil illi ^jib ^undl imburih," TpiU ju« ttpjimxtimif-^ly 
liow Ioti|r you hftvc bean ii^ tlie Govornmwnt aorvico.'^ At w}i*t 
timp ilu ti]< y ritie: ''' the bell for dLnneir 1 The telejrntiu dwlii't 
csjmo T.iiJ twf> in the aJ'tornoon, Is his h(iijfli> nrtxtniHOP'to *' 
tho poat otiice or opposite to it i When our work is IiniHbod '* 
»ti will Ukkti (L atroLl b£ far a» tho mrtricet. Why Ali you vilx 
tho good tfitb tbo biul ^ Et WDdd^Lavtvbeeit ^" bcttrr if you 
hod tftkflE thi* p^s out of the bustet before ycu diup^nd it on *> 
tbo floor. I wiah (I badj! *jo stmiifbt on-^ aud turn to^' tbf 
loft ftftar tbo Eoglii^E] cLuicb. Y^^\i will ^^1 it rigll ut tbo 
bop/-^ EviMi** if bLo COUNT'S Ouw slio wor»*t iiatcL "'' iht- Lr&uj- 
Sho My« flho mot bim yesterday, vhoroiL# bo doaau't Arrive in 
Cairo till tUo day aitKt to-morrov, I ouji pivo it you aa Ar»n aa 
you oom«, only™ you moAt )ot mo know beforo/''' ao tbiht 1 uuy 
got it rewly for" yoa. Ia tht' U4y iii or outV 

1 I^<ana. ^dCOUM / (ikmianl) 'lid not imir. > iVktiB. /Ao. 

* Trans, y^tt mum u-ficn m Oiitrv / * d^ 

* pA«t toii»^ with iaa. * J^Viwi of^ ^ b^K^^- 

* Ii~i4 hit>i thiti. * Xtana. i<> thf iraUtir^ 
w AoHsi. ^' 'ft!*- " 'an, 
*■ miu. ** 'B-u* with sor. 

" ganb. 1' Aor, Tlie *orb lo pnueda it* imbjoot. 

"» kftll. " ti. " 1>IUL». tH/rvHt tiff/l'ti. " '< 



APPEXDIX A 

NAnWY PRONUNCIATION AND FORMS 



For f we liwir flv (an in EnglisJk aisle), as *ayn tfy* ,- for J, 
ntj (.10 iti G»rniatk). n» kba-uf /f'rir. 

« &111I I tftk^ tht? pUci} of If rbiid ri wlioi't^ thooe J«ttc4« corr6' 

r/ U proiii>nncA*] ^oft like tbe English/, M nkjiil f eHi^.) 

* rftikiu* it* full vuiuG*, (Sai^^SL) 

For th*> prouuiwmtion of 17, mob J 30, 

Elbion 1^ iW vowels, iu audi ni^tancea na luv given in I^O, 
19 to ji Ki'oat I'Ktoitt riPoid^ar], 

Thr< word» dti'd iQ % 17 4ud 1^ ure, ftir Uiv mosi port, 
Boulidttd ad t3ipy ore vrj'ilt«ii iu tjio dict.ii iUiU~if<a. 

Thi^ilMliEiir.c<nrtii'le, whidi i^t pRitii'iiuceil"^ itrviJ, isfuuimiluted 
only [.o f, /, -', rf, r» t» ?. *, f. ^A, and h> 

W»nU jiri' fr^'qimEitly ueod iu thoir aiicooti'octed forma (J 33)> 

(J rvv^bcofl tlia ri^lloquiitl i in w. lot'^t^ numbur <4 wot-df^*^ )is 

Nouna, when uajyfijied, wa dpcUned »ift«r one or other of tb« 
ft>Uowiiig uitiJola; — 



0, 

Ac 

G.A. 

K, 
0. A. 



hAcJbLn 
kAUbaik 

kfltibkii 

k&tkhaini 

kfitihanu 
kAtibina 



Dual 



Plulul 



kAtibiitaQ 
kAtibotm 
kitiUUa 

kAtiliaiAni 

kAtibntkini 

kitil>^tiiD 
kiktibitin 



^ Tn Hf*br«w]il(f(i i^ndottivr riemitic laogiiAgex « and I ajiswar 
to t^^ Koiunio fk ELTid dh in a Inr^e Dinnber of n'ordl. 

^ Qr, in tt« worilf of tbe granuQ&riaiis, imaU do?9 not tak« 
pirwe; bub occvii^imlLv wi; btve 1 for Lt, ■« iu 'iiHJ»coUoq. *and. 



S16 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 





BkOEBN PltTKAL 




U^O. 


K, 


rig§liJii 


0. 


HgAUa 


A. 


rlgilan 


N, 


■nuinfini] 


O.A. 


'uAin&iift 



Dual ajid Perfect Plural nn nborc 
Bbokcn PLrau, 

N, dir&himu 
G. A. dirfiLima.' 

Undefined nouna, i,?. nonna preeedf^ by the definite ArtielCi 
or followed by iirjotlier noun id thr gtnintiTe, or baviog a pr<p 
noroinul suiHs, am ritidiiieti anrording to the firsr- ptuiuligin, but 
tflitbout tJio fitiftl -uti, as a1 bayta ^/le A"»j**e, G. iil t«vli, A. a.1 
\nybi ; kitfibu '3li.hi Mr boo^ of God. kitdbohii hia huok. 

AbuD/i^^>:r Lii]>l akhuD hrGthcroiTe^ under iheee cin.'iJin?4tianQQtt, 
declined hs fnlluwH : — N, aM, Jikbfl ; (i. alif, iiklit: A.nliJi, i.kM : 
\fliiJe tilt' duiil loses Iti^ termination nv, and tb^ p-yi-Fect pluriJ 
tbe termii^tioa na^ and i ia substituted for u, aa mu^tthkhdutnth 

RtM/iiivi bv — The firtft] vowvle Ai)d the '* tuiwtn " {UHj in, m) 
ftre more cft^n omitted than not. 

The cardinal nnmer&U whicli <iiffer from tbooeiD oonunon UM 
Are tha follows :— 

HUM?, ixit. 

aJbjtd^uii) ilidft 

w£kiii{u&) «v&bidA(tQ&) 

]. iniin[i) 

8. PunfiD tinrfniy*^ 

10. 'Mlitfuo) 'ftflhiLrailCiin) 

11. tilmdiL 'ikshiira llida *)iaLjikt& 

12. isnit *ftfcliara, Ac, 
lb. suuu&myu *?uliara, ^, 
2C. *jfllirflii(u), for l^Lh gtfrjvifln 
30> aalifidii. niilnnlEi^ ttc 
80. aamIV»Qn, aitmrmtn 

10{). ini'iituu, mvab 

300. ■wlAfiu ini'a<tio). &c. 



> Thv fttod^t mtifit consult tb4 i^nunmiuv of tbe litvnu^ 



APPENDIX 



Sir 



tlhv ordimLlfl are : — 

1st- ftLIWMl(Ull) &U 

Snd, sitnl afttkmftiin) 

3nl. fiflii^DD) ultaib(tuD), ^. 

Tbe proTjouna vblch mu^ be rv^arded &9 Nnhwy are: 

perfoliate Drkhii(u) Vi^ buia JA^. f. huiiEi&. 

The verbal suffice* wbicb exprcaa the ^kccitantivw c!jff*^r fi'ora 
UiuM in gHutiral uw in the 2m\ imi-fi. iing.. the mn-*p. WJdng thi* 
fnrm tfi and the ffm, A-j, and in the 3rd pers. ting, mast,, wbkh 
appoai-3 nH I'/u, Th^ dual humia ihem both ildiI kuxDa trov both^ 
aad hhs ft^m, plor?. huLiua Mr^^ £.Dd kuuuu ^&u, vdl hu sumrtini»4 
huord. Thus vd hnvs ntfsrtobu I «avj Mm, rjAtiltabuma fJ)nu 
rfh/jrf y/o^ ?//env toth^ 

Remaile.— The m of hu, biiiu^, hum, itnrt hunna ia iji pertaiin 
Chs^ chniiged to t\ 

The aamo forms u^ appended to nooiis and propodiUonat tts 
«kb&£Cu SAifjiLu uilrika / took hie tnovrd from thee. 

T\\v pnrfo<'t trilittrul verb in itsground form baa n invariably 
iift«r th9 firftt r^icd, iii both tbu preterite and ooriat, and a, i, 
W b after tho seeood mdii^al. 

Tb^ folloTiu^ ia an example of ilB conjugution: — 



1, qutnltil qntaJtil 
'2. qutalta qatitJti 
3. ({{Ltola fjnfilnt 



PHETBRrTE 
Dual 



Pl-TJftAI, 



ifAec^ 



FEM. 



aiABC. 



qataltumft qntollumA rfataitnni 
qalalft f|«tiilatA i^n.tjil(^ 



reu. 



i]4.T;i.1nA 

qiLtsltiuina 

qafjJn& 



AORI8T 

1, aqtuja uqtuln niL^jtnlu n^Lqtala 

3< taqtulu taqtiiUiui taqtidflni tjiqWUiiii tn/^tTuhinrt tjLqtidna 

3. ^utjtuLu tju|tiila jHijliibitii bujLulAui yLiqtuiaiiu yuqtulmv 

language as towb^t t^ouna aro *' Criptclea" and wliat ** dlptotea," 
ard aa to tho circamatonctra inwbicathe geniUv^ and acouaatiTe 
are emplo^^. 



218 



THE SPOKEN AttABiC OF KGYFr 



bo the will g\ Uie speDkerJ 

Sinkilaz'lv &re ouujugrkt«d Aajiii*a ta hi^r (HOTi ^'amna'a) and 
Aitqulu hf hpary. Tbe pjwBive IP without i<icpptkin hurikrt iti the 
preterite and yiiLtuku in the ai^i'L^t^ 

TIkP dorived for-mB arc x- — 

L Act. pi'Bt. bunoku, aor. yubaxrikii ; paAs. pret. hurrUcft, 
aor- yulmrrikn. 

5. Act- pret- bimin, aoi\ yabAribt: pri^, prtrt. hfirkkA, 

aor. yubArnk- 

3. Ai<t. pr(>t. Hbmku.^ aor. yubrikci ; pma, picrt. ubrlJoi, 

Aur yubmlcu, 

4. Act. pr^t. tubbctfTiLlcn, aoi\ yataborniku ; pnAB. pret- 

tulurrikjit oor. jutftLKuruiEu, 
0. Aot, |iret, tabdrftkfl, aor.yattLbdrakii; pass- i^et^ tiibHrikv, 
ruir, yutftbilrakti. 

6. Ai^t. prHi. ii]bA]'ak&. nor, y&abariku ; p&as. preb. aaburilciv 

jkor, yu]iliiu:&kii, 

7. Act. pr^t. iblAToka, aor, yHbturiku ; pjuA. pi-dt. ubttirikii, 

Upor. yubUiriklcii^ 
6, Avli^ prot- ibiiLkkut '^^- y^bi^ku, 
fi. Ai^t. pret. istubiitkA. luw. ^'astubiiku; pAW> pnL 

itftubrikB, ftor- yiutAbraku. 

REaAnK-— The di-nvtHl Tt^rb; jlTo mhjii^"l&l thmii^hoiit llk« 
thfi Himplo I'oriii. Tke puj-tbiplofl ruul vttbul inmufl linpc ftlrondy 
bpcu gi*pii, for the (iiust pjirl, in iJie ^irimmnr. 

[iidtiULVH of thi< (itbtiT vlttdfii^d iif trilitfiral Torba jir«: 
Miiuft fi> ihink\ ^ukmitu, putiiLiiiui, Ait,, iriHteitd of ^mu-U. dj^c, 
ttiiil stiniTiuly nU vi-itwi witli u doubled mdinkl ; i^Llft lY ntu ntu^ 
iKir. yiiqilLj ; maittt ^i'^ /'u^ in ileiith, uor. yumitu. 

Tbv i|UadrilitFira1 u lakldm^, wjr. yulitkhbl^u !n tho net^ 
itod Juldkbititf yuldkhlfji^u, iu tht^ |ul«l 

Tlui pTi'Bx f ', Aud <>rchtdi>nAl1y f^jr^, U (<mptoy(^ to givo tlw 

K^tfi (cinssic. k/LLiti)t Tho verbnl uuiiti of kAn f'l f'^, \h u»ii.n1 ■■ 
ft COI^Juncrtii^n U'ith<:iikt iteing pruc^Hiod by n fTttyohiliinu AS k6iiil 
rflft €ince )te htu ^uc or the faei rif kit hnrin^/ r/crni-', H^tiikiitimi^ 



' n^P t«*rinirwitioni( of f b<^ miriat Undwrgu viLi'imiB chnTi^'-* in 
tb« cliLStticAJ likc^a|*«>, boi jm tb«y vb not j^eut^rivUy tiiuluntool. 



to dt^acribr tLi^uj. 



APPENDIX 



319 



it is oquivale&t to inn, lo inn, u* iltuAjn kAnii yigi he w* tOfii- 
peited to cuiue, kuinfflnl k6a1 &r(\h tliff]/ cAarf;^/ nn to go. 

The fiillowldg are iustjmcua, in ailditioii t*> thcjae ftlrejul)- gireii, 
of pomiuon TnUtakMtmada mtbe attempt to imitikt^tbe grftmin&r 
of itio classical di&Ject: liim iansed witli th^pcLst ti^nse instead of 
thnaorift, and even witli aeiibetaiLtive, ui pUceof ^a; thepieventb 
f(irtii of th? verb oftPii sppiiara a8 ftlit&r»k for il>t>iiJ'Jkk, ils ir^ 
a'tabiiT iif etttm/tud , a'turaf lie c^m/esBed ; tuvUkSn h«<fi^ IM nlfuosl 
itivaiLkbly httard for tun~uIT] (cl&Aflic. tuwuffiya). 

M.&iiy ciF Uie forms ^iveu ikbuv^ jLr« ujilv Lrard in q uotationii 
from }wtikn or in spHwche;*, The verb, for Jasijujci*, \M corijugh(*id 
in practii;-^ ^ts in tb^ ^uuEu^r (^ L30-!f3'J}, Ai^d, but for the 
influonco of Frcnoh and of modorn t«iching, tliotv \a vm-y little 
difference helween tlie evnrjidBj lauguttgi? of tbe wduL'-titu^d rhud 
^^^ that of thf> lownr (^1iii>f^i<!4. ThiL formpi' woulit nilj nliQya rAb 
^^^ AlDOi'ikcH, tb» latter «.bQya ril.i Amiiku, Ei blild il uulukiiu. ■ 



APPENDIX B 
PROVINCIAL PBONUNOIATIOK 



Thp ff>llo\C'ing proviuci^ peauliar-ities should b« not^ : — 

lu Upppr E^Tpt — 

tj ib |tiuii(};iii<;i:d tbmii^L<]U& ns haul p, f geuciaWy aa x. 

Tin* fern tprmiiuiti*ni " iisuiLtly btn'oniPK *■, iw giiii'^ne (for 
ginffliA] ; to nlflo ill jine, itit^^ tfi'iil^ (fitr aua, iitbi. tu^dU). 

lu other fio^itiona a la lutble to be tbangoii to i', ui Mcliimmld 
(fw Mehuminnd). lliiund (for Akmnd), so tii tbeiioi'i:ft c»f triUterft! 
verbs (ffitb tIih I'xrnptrnii ot thofn- its*»d in *t pussivo or neuter 
Sf>|j>ip) whii-h <>]A(ju'h?r-e trtk*^ the vowel a, ibtimiriq, n.iJnb (Tor aarflq, 
ftilinb),' riiid iu the soi'ond avllubti? of vc-i^l>a of ihb Gist derivec] 
fur^ui, mid of q^LtadrlHtontlfl, u^ khaUL; (fur khiUIji^), funti^ (foe 
fftn^az). 

■ ^ 68P. Lf speeJcing in publiD, the edutttcd noufd say w^lidl 
(or w^blt) Liwn^gali ila Am^rikn, but ihvy g*^imviii\\ "denoeiid" 
fl*orh the iihKwj u:i tin- crilloqiilal M ihny g:-ow esrit^d, und we 
luibfu ijk Jhlt ua^ea tO Qiix the f(ji'1ii« peculuU' to the two fiialvuU 
in tbe aamc sootiMJce, 

^ d(> in tha v]ax,icii\ liLTi^iiJi^e* Ou tha etLi^r li»iiid,a idi>ftun 
hcAi'tl for i hi the pitat t-^i^, &■ nuLsak^ ^nkfit, la^idt (for 
taisik, J:&) ; t id aometiniL^r^ hi^m-d for u, a£ ahift for ehuft. 



S20 THE SPOKEN AKABIC OF EGYPT 

Tbe Towel i is inserted betveAD two consonants to facilitate 
the pronanci&tion, aa ma Iq^tiah fcr ma Iqetah (Iqitflh)^ tibin (for 
tibn). 

The lab pers, plur. of the aorist ia frequently used for the 
■ingular. 

The accent ma; fall on the ant^ennlt contrary to the rule 
hud dowu in § 39 &, ai m&f^ba, yldnnu. 

By the Bedouin* — 

e is often used for a» q is pronounced ob hard gj or (In some 
ports of the conntryj as in nahwy, and g as English J.^ Thus we 
hear jemel for gamal. d and * are pronounced with considerable 
emphasU. 

In the Fayoum q U sometimee sounded as in nahv?y, 

^ Some sound it as # In pleasure. 



SYNTAX 



TH£ A&TJOLE 

^ '2M. Tlid irtdeftmte urticis ligTecft with its qoiid in gertdeir. 
a*i w:U_]id ifl^ii It flirifi, wii.\\i\iu nitt ii /flr?j. It is vpiy rnj«ly, if 
i^vpr, ^txpressejl with abatrtict nauofi, as ti'tq min gbfr fu'da 
{fAyila) a notus loUhntii pr/^Jif.^ ciml ahfiulU in Qllcjtseti bo omitted 
unl^sii the speaker Jt-ftiiea t<j thrcFW some stress on the uouq, or 
giiiictnllv t» fiipiirn? llm ntc**ntinQ of the hairer. TL<* noun 
slJUiiiw ijx n.pj»osition to lib© witicle, and oaver jireotnlos )t, 

ItoiAEiK II. — W^ivii and wahda loay ba uaii^d aIuuk uf i^ uiJkli, 
H WoinaD, %9 shuftfc w/iliid / ymi a (muit), ivaJiiIti gat It it (■rmnttn) 
rrime to ^nfi, mi^gmiwi?, wflhd* 'hidja hiftrriftf io a bUrtd wrman^ 
Htid tuAj iu tliifi ojL^h> tt^lf tQ.lce the daSnite iirtiol^i. It ui&y, of 
LoLirr^t>i HtADii JLlone, wbatever ihs noun witL ivhicL it op t:t:a, when 
i(p Atlll [lurttikfis uf the aatui'ir of a uumeraJ, ah ^uudiik kuwur? 
iildtnl w.vhdu ^aiv" r/^ju utiy baJUi Git's r^u {VA'T.^ 

K^MAlth t'.- Th^ quntititative adjwrtive t^hte, wheti used as 
the plui'ui of tho tiiiJtHmte uj-ticlo. lA tdthe^r unexpressed iU 
Ambic oi' ifl retidt^ri-d l>y iIip wordf^ Ui'd, kiuu^ ^., lis tihuEtv 
rijfgiVla (oT' tKt'de lig^u or kuuj rigil} fl a ^Ikkiv / riain Anj«« m«fi 
in the «ir9ct-^ 

S 24fl, Tlio dffixiito artJole ia in the foUowing ga««6 used in 
Ambic wbure uot «>^presaed ui EuglisL : — 

(□) WtthndjctctiveBfnumL'iiiljJrOt ndjoctivalfiubstaDtiveaiQeon- 
ooH with, in appodtioQ to, or Lijaitiii^ a fiubb-t^Qtivc, whit-^U itself 
hoa tlie vblrle or &. pronoiuiiml suffix, ^ tr rA^il it ^ijih ^/rtf i/t^J 
ni£iH,ilbmtiJ 'Aijina^^«'n>i-^iW,khadd4m]!iiLkillaittAlk it tjiULla 



' Xa "MKh ado about noihirtg,"' O&'gft'ci mm gh&r t&hn u 
attouthiff m'fJicut any ijrxwHnQ, is luad In the ^Jime lutitiu, ur a« 
4^uiviJt>Dt to '^iT/fi^'f^ ve^g'Ji /nahi ihi raiMt aouriiL" I'hv woiil 
pL'gi'a 14 tJut, hoWr.wi?[^ uiirk^rEtoud hj all c1&a»eji^ 

' pL.ir fuitLui uv-a uf tvihid^ auv umJeir diciliibiiUvo liod d«- 
£ni1« firuiioiinit. 



223 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



i/iiur thr^ bad jt^rvantn^ ir i-fi>,'il in iiac^cj^Hb tk/^ j^iiUter^ l^auii I 
katib MortUffur U eommit. il qalom ir nifa^ the Itwl-jtmcii, il 
fiii^n il italiwa ffic eup of i-r'fffn^, \X (isht il ghcLffiJ tfw wtuJt AdWn, ll 
jjnilLibi V JL lafla« (he satin fjowii. 11 buj uGt& 1 kbC^ th^ efruu: hait il 
hlhti I kliashub thv tcfflari pijis, il Id 3 tbanJiHb liswiiJ ^/jr" War/: 
uvWffi ftftndk', i$ e&'x d d&hiib tlie ijold tcatehy ^ sikica 1 bufJId ^ 
/A« railtea^, i! imTtib in tiSr the fire [ateam) aAI;", iz KimU litn^n 
(or litiLi'ij i& liijiln) '/if t'CO Cirni/ranivue, 

KtvktiK a. — Kjuu/'W pny7»H]B8 itifi ttuLntiantiveaud niouo ttikoi 
ih^ urttclG, a^ i] kaiu ij^i^j^he dui iftf^te /em pia^tr*^- 

Reuahs i. — In tttr^wt t:JliW un ©pitbet is uftcQ emphiiai»pd bj 
beiu^ placed bufifie its sabsbiiitive. imd iiL tlii^j i:a£o the ktter 
oJoiLO tukt^ the jirtU^le, uk ^byai] ih Kirtiit ! ^ 

REManK j:. — Wh«Q t,Ue cju-JuulI nunisiul proc^*** iJj« nut 
atrtiitiv^ it is mors osuiU for Uiu toi'iacr only Co liiivt tlio lirticloa 
uiiltsA EuujjbuLic, oA litiuoii ziiubi, it WiLt b&ii^i. 

Er-MAkK t/-^TIii* ofljectivt* Jotw not tokfi tJie wtitlii in a f»w 
t^Aflfib ^vh<.'re it furius u uouipouud aILIi tbe subfibuitive, u i^ 
buuiti Liiidt tfis taiiui/i'id. 

[I,) WiUi iiouQs jnti.iiiit"*>if 1 t»y u deuioiia Unlive prtmouii, ne 
il- rAcil iJ*i fAijr Timn, il iqai'a Juk-bnivn i*Aiif rrtii/iaiiJ* 

(r) With ftbfttiatt rouna and s-ubsbiiiUves dGHottog m cbu* 
<u- jtjiokfMi of ikP il vbol?, 00 19 ffurOr jcr^t il ''vdl Jtiffia^ id dQ*ft 
liliSJtrk mill in ny'jn j/rayrr u Lt^fter thitst //e^jt, [UJilu il 'ut^l uruiioni 
/ti«f/£, 'andii (Ql il bid ^t^ is f-faff'nuffeiiri^, u-bu I bol /atha'' o/ 
terror (//j^ ^^tnx), i^^iJ ^iLiidu 1 qul/dlLb ^^^^a infolf^U fmat, ^^b inin 
il harlr a robr: <j/ «(iA, abiirb id Jtikbkb^ii ioUU'^'-mwkiiii'j, U 
kiUb dogt^ il Ul^m fff^saf, il guLrl itmaUpr/^t brt Tiubnl min i\ fflb 
.1 ftoitfr ''jjT/f <i/ hrif^hij ibn il 'njom ^ou^jn, kub^wyt ia uibtt^ 
a ioino-^laM, UtbaiLu bi « ^bOii iriuh it vHh Htapj i^burftn bi 1 
folAft 7 £«U'/U iV \n(h nit/iift'j. fi fi bu^a khujasit, Wd iil duhr at 
jtM if'dtirfi in //i« afternoon. 

RKHAUit, — In i»atnf» of tba Abovt^ ^xpreaHicn^., nfl in uuuiy 
other!}, tliv Jkrtido vaaj b^ dropped. Tkus wo tuay ^uy n\j;il 
'ttiula qjibdUa, Ifib nuQ barlr, tuabut ni-Lii Vfib, eslAuj 'ul^kiiiu ur 
()i4tf4 itMuilly) is sallm ^nlAkum ^leari^ ff? trtth yni, ii/tii, *»Lyiii 
^Ht^H Jjubb (or tai^nkd LI |>ubb] lo^-tidc, 'uiiLm t<k| il arbi^iri (or 

» 8f.-u furUno", S 255, 

« lint u*a£a bi tUb dib. ffim nyuUtx of deiuousUuUvo 
firoiHJiiuL) 

* V'Ar iPi'n«-j/£uMi Li u*Lii.d1y fixpr^BMHl by fl kubliAjii 1>iiUi^t lo 
Dibit. 



THE ARTICLE 



23fl 



i^ 'aq il fti'b»*ln or fOq *mi orbe^tn) fm ta mor^ than /'Jrf j/. it tftljitn 
nuff in i^LttA (iir iiLliUH ijLi?hn ^ittb) ihr^ uf hil/tij. Wo iuvu-ibbly 
taj U 1 biV /iir j^^', bi 1 Jjupilii, bi ) hv»D;\j' vn lityrtf. ifunJirff, fjufk. 
bi \ 'i^raH m Afif^'c, ufid uffliriUy bi 1 tigni /jt Aj>*^ bi I fulfla 
for nuntcj^ thi;tu^h bi (i^^ti miuJ bi llQa uj^^ LLilini^fiibb' ; wbilo. on 
thp QtlifT bLiiid, bi fciUla unth hotter, bi aiyjiAii 'iijflaiua/icaJiy, 
UHiiya bi iciH. bi niiiJ^ vatt^ leifh oil, i/ol(. d^c-. bi \\\ii- with ink, 
Stf- iin> nicirM tTimmori Uulu bi zeiIhIa, A^c, W^ ihii^IIvk^v vit^lintb 
'lukbkhuTi, nibtt, J;t^,,A« atnok^ ('•barxCt ilrirth' Mnw^^i.\,h\it&\i\iTb 
id JukhkbjiH, ai jiibit, frj/xwny-rrnfvAV'JV, rrfWi/iWiV^i/. Ac., i»bu 1 
U(^l, but nbii dir|t>| t!ir Jiiiher tif Jt>iuT {f/utterjlyj, itbii kliniigai' the 
ftilht-r fj the itn-j'jfr {^nofiturfiujit}, 

A II 4biktiik b iioutii oronu demoting a clowi, la wniotimpe uavc! 
without tha itrticln la )inivtii'bial cxpief<rtiouB- la «buit« no 
vpry dvsildiUf rutufa ui.it tic givi^n na tci Uil' us<} uiid uuiif^i^idu ai 
tho ikr1ii.'l4> in iheso cusos, uud tlii- lei^rttH' oun&ot expiM^i iiJaii^h 
to EUftki^ tlto r^gbt c^boLCd until be liae luiJ some practioil 
Bxperie[jce. 

REltAnH. — Wht^n uHed puriitiir^y (Uie word »'rrjr Iwiri^ 
ujid^istotH)^ or ad jflctividy (se« § S^^)t ^'^^ ^^ Q^^jitLv« aejiLumieBt 
thi^ae tLi>UD3 4irt% of courtt-'^ wltbciut tba brlicloj iia kAu fi uibtt ti 
1 kubbjLj'a ^^<f:/'r' I'ififl (m^/tur) tnitx in tfii 'jtifp, ulu Abulti&Ii ki]Ab (1 

[d} With tiin iiJimeH ol Eniue countries and towoa, oui 
oooAaioimlly with prr.^pur Ejnmcts ^^ ii Hind liuiia, 13 Sut^K, i»h 
MiMi iMrntufUf. tU'yiduik 1 tlul^K tiuj- lurd tl\r^ji. 

{«) Wilb Ibu )ikUkii>d of tbE^ si^flLSons, us isb J^bitn Wnio^, fi f 
t^f fln «rmu^i<rr . tbi.i'Iiiy^ of tbti vook, a« litn^D Mondaif, u&h&r 
jl kliiLiula TtiftitJuii . the divisioud of tbe d^^y, aa d <] iLuhr a/ iiutfit 
1j I iHJi+lbi'ib (U i<\m>"'J. bukiu ^ foblj tir^mrrow Jfiirmini! . tio h\ H 
ntihar {py (?.jy, bi I Jt-l b^ nvjh£. 

KsxAD-K. — Wo okv, however, ytm itufia mm dAl (^ M'-nJatj. 
kul]<^ yiNib ImU^ rurr^ 7''J€«^v< nabfir bodd <i/ <t ^UN'/ay^ kAuit 
mngbrib (or il uui^brib) r^ rfON vuii^f. gollf^im fub^ u Jubr, wv 
'ttflr a inughrib w© 'Uliii uv pT'tt^ in the i/tominy- "' ™w*t <" ''*' 
^/ilamcit>n, at ivnset, awf in ifit rveruin/. 

(/) Oix'aJiion&llj vritb uonne wbuily ur pikrtiEiUj iudfllJiutc 
ill fttfUAi^H tm t^\^ifl^ *{^\\» fi'^ij U tui^inL / itav^ a rot "p a ttntf. 
Vitabfi lu I qnhwii thfry cni^ej cofet /irr Aim* ma tiblitiniah ir 
nViri] illi tiiu BliitULinnkflh doii'i iti^uU a fnan whc f'fie tt"t invuitwl 
j/L>U| illi uift >r«huFHb« miu il gburbdl b'ui& iw thai camn/( vur 
thrvtsgU a /lii-rr iji W6fJ (jtrov.). 

1^ !i41>. ILe dijQiiit*; article U oxprooaod m Eugh*hy but 
omittod m Ambtc: — 



S34 



TEE SPOKEN AKABIC OF EGYPT 



{ti) With u noun fnlloweil luunediatel}! hy unother rioiiD cr 
M phniflo Uroftiiig its numning (imlpft* the aecond uouo ia antiJ 

q/ ^Jk houiCt qolam il nolod /A« bm/'n perit muTfioL ma trflh tfte 
pbnx aihers!j «thertn}er, yoii go ; but U q&l&n) ir ru^A^ r^u» /Kiri- 

Kebkark. — Tho first qouil eomotimea takf<a the arti<-le jvs woU 
iia ths Avi::oDd ivbec the Uttef id regarded aa be<iDg in AppositioD 
In jt, or deiiutri^^ thu oliji*i:t it cDnt^ins, ft:4 il %i^^ il Ich^l fltopoir, 
f^ Jtaz-foi, i,i^, ths pair of horttt, il hlttiU^D ii bflH e/i« ^10^ hits of 
iv&t, ia Hulckiu* in nabat /^ att^r-tartdi/, il FiLrkh il wiUiLq dib 
^/tw *At^' of pa^r^ il melUiifi Li bullti fA* ij\tpect'Jr v/ polia^ D 
manuJ il huhh hn^-ittrlmp^t : but in nwiDy ciiswk ih« trCiL^le id 
oj^tioiuU. ThuH Vftt iniLy aiy il iu?rkib in iidr dt (ur nierkib ia 
nJU' di) f/tTH prw/ri^>ua/, ^ fuiil ie uLiibJ ir niui (or funi iz i^nbt) 
ir riiEc or Fiu-Jti zaubii ir ruz^y thit ba!<kt:l 0/ rics."^ lliu drait is 
perbapH the ruoHi usual. Tl fuhfll il prfxraft* mran* Ihf; yfning 
itifaltjeii, fiihQl il giiml^a the JoaU o/ihs bu^aloet. 

Remuik. — Tho firat nouu may oJao toJie tho article wUott Jt 
pmrtit^fl^Uy furtuH u miu^xruhd wiLh th« ewDtiil. f u this i.'iLt4D tb« 
second iiouti dot^s not assume th« artii;1e (though it will, of courMi, 
retain it if itaireojiy has it vrhnii tiAud indofiuittily), ofi U qenbie 
taMfa //t« cur/^otf jiia^tre, lq iiUB^f^ ftiddun /^i'r huff acrv^ u haul 
Aft&m /^? «cmj' 0/ men^ nwiiaJf, i? 9fL(f« ^dbi^ ^^^^ n/m-romniiiiwi'oneri 

Wq miiV, hnwavQ]^, iilao Eay, vaith \tt)i-\ni.pa 0, (»Ji^ht eiu&QCO «f 
in^ofiiii^, in ntia^ l1 r;uldAii dih tuid nui^ il UddAu diti. jwd bsol 
Adfi.ro in nii>vo u^iml titan IL bfi&l Adam.^ 

{i') Witb tb« ordiiuiJ numcraJa and <ulj«otdvea d<TiOtinj( ox- 
IreiTkM, dA auwil, tAlit, Akhir y6tn, thejirft^ third, last, Uaj/, huwa 
fL uhaaiL eiliba Ar? ie in tfie br^t 0/ itoiilth- 

(1?) tirif^iilirly in n few eipreaaiouA, thotigh th« nmin lA 
definite in auub^, aa khnbnr ^ 7 (ur il Icbalwr 4^h. but Ivu ueuallj') 
nehaf'ef th^ matter f bi (judriti Q^lir &y fA« n}f!ht 0/ Hie ^i^tHjf 
(God), (jU^A' t^vrlq ^ ^liV/Amjyruin, Liaan imt dukliolaLv dinyu Ae 
/ffljr nrit yr/ ''['me in^" f/jp wrriii (<i( oti« whr> bttn n*> ^t«HdOr«)f 



^ Nufv^i kCi tl muiyu dilk tht^hit/ Jrty &f \&ateT la niiir^ UJittl 
Uiau ill Jkuf^e kiU il aiuiyti Jib, and ijuim« kluun«i dt /^iff f^ 
pjjiiv {j'\aftr(^) thati Inuuiid kltaniHa dl. Pur umtnaiDT; uf tbtt 

wtii:lv tvitki Uk> i«muu«trativv, Me ^ i2U, 



THE AETICLE 



n% 



REUAltK,— The articlA us gQDvmWy otait^il by Uit< Igwor 

afitkAtLL HKflaD (for Has^n il nfiikAtii), Mfnkiltn g\\>} With thA 
iihFuo of u-Ti otliuff follovoii by KtoDili tho u'bicle ia uumJIy 
omitted^ jis Miifd EFendi. 

S 2Q0- Thti 1-rtAwt in wtibh Araluc Ag:t-i»i?» wftb Kni^liHli fa 
Buppnwsitig the d^fiuit^ ni'tii^le muy hi^ studied fr-orn th« foUow- 
ing euunplOiB; yiiTrif *ili-^vI>1 hf kHtitfit Arabie, fi ehiihre raniudiUi 
171 i/i« month 'ff Hw'iadan. juahaiiiiaiii hdl fbiil il gan[iM hiii'.>n)^ 
milk j*"pUi li yr'tm jVrtrf ^riy /o 'My, iiiiii liJ IS M/jrv/ift fuiruf tfi hmuf. 
iLbhr fi dubi- /Hr/<f ff) bitckj 'aIr phHUK f/ a miii'l^n, ui\a'e<\iev, liuiuiir 

riilcCb'i/iit/-/-, Ir'l ma' DabAr timj i\n4 ni-j/i(. uA/ii mab&tdk 'i HtaUnn' 
tnnftvr^ «1"I b[«\ft a pfMfuinn, 'iink*u1 bidlfl^ a poffrrnarif ibim 

% 251. It vUl bi* olmTM-Ti^d tbut in muny inabinc>.-n tho aeoond 
Duuu ia tifttd dri uii fidjwlivi^) or bh*? two toj;i.'tbHi- funti jl n^ui- 
pound. WhuD iUf firKt is di*fluiTrf>, thf wfn-il IwtA' (•inf- ^ 09) ifi 
inavrl^ci bi^twi-erL tbi-m« i\A d humrir betu' u a\kk* tf/f i^rwt 
t/nnf^^f/, is a/i'l bt^tu' iJ bus^d ^i^f pottfiiri . or in senile rtm^^s the 
m-i'uod r«tA^Lit« ild cburaotir iw au ttdjwtiv^t nnd IuUi*h tbt* iLrtiuLo 
R« W©U qa tbe fii'st, n« i] wilaJ il hftrfira //-e rhiUir^i iffiiin. 

% U52. The dufiiiib) &rtieto hrw ibo Fotdo of n domuiifttmtive 
pronoiiii in tibe expi«s»LOTis in noba tfiui Hifif, il ji^iii fu-^^ajft 
U IMa t't'iiiffht^ ish Nhiljwivn f/ii.V wintry, and in & few i>tbfini : 
of « p«i-«}tiA] pr^-moiin in Huch phrdsea i^ji bidi) iLkhtuI iMt'ii " / '^dttf 

fiiiivriij lu 1 ^idfi] v'rfr-rra^i? fti« /ora*^^ hhoMfirti uiiu I akl you 
ftf*t*p */«^/f *rtir/<Wf kbn(rtf niinEii 1 biimt'la ht* anafrhfif trtij fiat 
Jriypt tft# ,- of a i>?1ittive wben iiHf«l wiUi a pp^dif^ote nilj»i^tiv« (or 
pu-Ucij>Li>) I ri-ix:L'JiEkg itti f5i)bHUut]vu, ll^ U b^t J Luu^jlm Lb abUjti 
Me Ao4j« /n vhuh wy ftiUnsr tiv&f.* 



1 Uomp. the »ne of MoM^ in oldot KngliAh and HaUrt ia 
Frent'b, ospwiully ah n t^^gfJ title, 
■ LitBTftllj fill' 'jit rtft^. jiarynlit.\ 
> The plunki, bovev(<r, is iminklij/ 's^kir il bulEf. 
' Bee lUao abovh, 9 246, ^h, Rtm. 
' Comp. T»r' /(jrvT ten THaira, die Il^tdo uxuchett, dpei» 

* Noti in coaiJuuu uae* 



2S6 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EG\TT 



THE NOUN SUBSTANTIVE 



THE OASKS 

{ 253. It fa&fi bvflu already points out (^ G.i) thut in tlie 
TiiiiDiiag4t of Cain) tb<9 ouhi^b iLi^e tiii'^lv clistin^uiahBd hy iadac^aons. 
Thoir plute lu fluj.*plioJ by prppoHiuuns which btund before the 
TiouQ without Ih^ Utter (with the excepUoua hueofler nubwl) 

^ S54, A noun in bbe g<»riitive may express :— 

(n) PtNurwtiftn, whether it denota tho piittfleaaor or llie tliin^f 

pOMeesed, Of whtitibL^r it L>d mckCeruU or denote a qutJity «r 

hitribiitj>, n» bi'^t JibQya htt/ fathfr's huutt^ imrdt akblUc ytiur 

hnAUrtf tfi/tL, MoJik it\ diuya Lt/rd gj the tpurliif almt«rt in 

IlEStAhB.— Thn idea of v]in-« nttachmeiit or rplalion of on« 
thin^ in iiiiotli(>r, aa illiitxrat-^d by the following oxji.iti plea, is 
included iihd^rtbia li^^kd : shitbdii Umniu thf intti{/e of hm mother, 
eliidrlit i] muftulnm Uw vio/enee v/ the f/iock, khiJjiwit il miBhwlr 
the fp'ttintfij ptxulftjT (he rrmnfJ, uahfUnk (or uaboTDu) en'Id nia*/ 
your tiixy fie prcpitifiin, ij't&i-nKfmin^j tr* r/tm, nftji Liiurlum t^e 
fitkrpfii v/ Lifuhm, tu^kjrad il iiabb !i'te-9i*JiJie«9, ytta is aiifiv ihn Ja^f 
o/ Jt^ftartitiv, diikhil li ainn il *iabiia ^iliatj<jf\ ffffitixuttj, yubuDa 
1 nbb. L uuuB diUde&t tpho hone toet thttr jafhtr, itt^ir viKftf*^, 
bflh ummu, i.*? a fej/ hi/ Cfrurii'fif oniy, airqit il farlihii thfi Ut^/t o/ 
th'- /(hW, j^hfib iB ai'tqii, in BU-j^a the vteUmj' of a litejt^ s^it il 
I^ArAmlyn the thfft cmnmitfe-i hff the i-ohiiT*^ fialib iJ ^ttik t^^ nrrrvr 
t{f tha lOrpfit. i.e. ^/le Jea/i :nan. luvldAUt is biil^jlu t^w ttury txhauA 
iha ruifan, tiuis}\y il Jiufji i wiVAith/ ^aTp^^«f. 

(^) ^rj^»f.M, u» kiiLbayit lublt u -j'ti^ <^ wirtfi (]iAiut bira n 

(r) v1 j'nr/ r/ a tpht/ltt trr the tehoffi it/ a jiart, it* Idtbit Inl^m a 
piA-p vif rnfot^ rk^ is stitn t/\i' i'^mnin'j, Jirtt <Iq^. a/ the y^if^, 
iiuwii, lAlit, JVl^hii" ish slmhr thf Jfrtii, fftirit, rni "/ Ik^ nkM/A, 
■liuwikiyit malb <> tUU^ t^U- fiimlit tiAa a n/f^fi/FO- ofpcofiif*, ba*4 V 
rigg^u xTT'i^ "/ th^ mpM. kuLI lhIi vliiijjfbl fh^i irh'iie u/ihti biummi, 
fUl U tul M(> viiofcu/ th/" rti-jhl^ fftmSi^ (^^r^ml*) lii iiAa all Ih* j»^h, 

{d) Cau^o arid ^Jftci, i/rj^i'it i» waldt m^ father (Lit<*nuly m^ 
hcffclttr), liruun 'o.lt Ha^'in.ifttvf ^/^,kAtib il jeattAb (he HJr^irr -/ 
tht Itittrf^ kftf.b 11 gflwiih fhf irntinp uf lAf teiifT^ tiflr il quiur UW 

[v) MeHfrial, ne galkblyit uhlUh a PUMtfcit ^ifn, i^Lnl nKll a 
«ij^r riijA, ukkit il lindld ^Arr rai^rra|/. 

(/} Jl0<uun o/ StiHft f^nu^y raltif, m m««iflt yAm, n ■fo^'f 



THE NOUN SUBSTASTIVE 



227 



ditUttUM, qftnit fijl^a u fiu9« ii mafkr of an Jiour ajfi a hat/, 
iuos4StH, wa<j|f>e. flliiu-be aig&nt, 'fid, mestifit Ht{^&ra the iinie iV tak<* 
tvsTiiirkK a t'/\iiir^ri\ apip^,^ ijlmit tntidl]' i1 hufin thethut refjttind 
/or pitting th^ hor^e tvadff^ fi rauddit A*rabl in ihe 'laya of Atai't/ 
{g) UeCj oft&D ezpreoeed by a oompouad in Kn^liah, a.9 
kubbljil in nibit a gla-<» f<Tr iCT^te, iftHc-j^ow,^ 'arablyit ugnt o 
mrrio'jt Jtrr hirfi. hugjlii nikf^ljft a JuwJf. 'illit kliijiiv* a stnem;/ 
machini', ^idit fiifra tffn/Ti^'f^KVJ?, guJkibiyit kuiim a tatl/it yuiTv. 

^ ri^i'in. Tli« aeoond iiodd crmy iu u gfUf^ml wiiv limii dha 5i*iti, 
fls ma'riQt wubah, sflq a j>er-^i'i or;r ^^i^vir c>rj/y btf et'jht, a '/jaj^i^y 

S 266. Wbao the Grstof tbe two douqa la a verbnl AubstAotlvi* 
tbe m^cuud lULtLiriLlTv f^biknilH witJi regiLrd Ui it in tJie reliiiiuo of 
H Bubjwt wben thiL> r^b itself la mbransitLTe, of a eubjeut or 
CfbJLH^b vheru ihij viirb is iiitraiieJlLvo, oa wuqft* U wdud tfte hoy 
fahirvj. dorb il waJ&d Lsa shidid f^f iifik^iitf v/ tht boy uxib ecvtfFr^ 
i«. tht Uifi rraj* »ttur.k hiird or tfj^ ftuy itrw^k hard, fifcrl, tfckhmlnl 
leiaou )ngi li w m^ notivn, cunj^tttre^ that he vUi '.v^f;j*, amw bi 
bclttin Ac on/.^roti liirit to ajipear, but Amur bi l&bJiru* bi rapibtu 
hp. finleiM him tu tif bnm'j/if, iinM il huKUii utiu iJ gubtil Ijulnt 
jekCin bi mnairit it sityn fh^ 'itofffnt o/iJiP htmifi /r&i/i thn titU m\i*t 
heundof tke ifravni't! rmj'criilendpnft, iftikbua abouD tuiq kbuutqnu 
Wftija ba^d beiisr tliai ice ehotUti fre reattudlsd (koit qaarrei vftth urtr 
tmathcn 

J 257_ Tbfl w<>rd beti* is very fr«jij©ntly pl«?ed betwpen lb« 
two noutiH, fitiiuditii;;^ a^ it veri.\ in apposition to tb^ ^-si, but 
ii«.'i««iii|; witb it iu iiumber and ^ettd«^^, a& ha« bi^eji di^oa iii 
t,bi« ikcciJi-Eict-.^ U i^ ninfttly UHtd to t^x^treafi Lha j^r^iLiLivt- of 
(HfaaeBBion, mii v^ry rarwly, if Hvt*r, lo tspr#«ii the genitive of 
lUoAsnra. Wban ep^iokinf; of nojir- family rvlatioTia we iTiuat not) 
rut a ruJe, qu beU'. Tbtia we should tiot eay i) akljkb« bot&l, 
i\ umtue betubtu fur ukbAyii) uoiiuu, uubwt we wiab to «p«ik 
iHtfrmipiH<-tfntly, Ad exception, bow^var, is tuojIa in favour of 
luiuift and bitt ill tbe floiue of vi/«, the former beiog oocudoiially 

* A period of uiiue ia oftrn nn^fured by tbo limp it takvb to 
perfanu n purticubo' pJTt. ^^i^omUy lbi> Hmoking a I'igarette; so 
uuOHfil Uffe {i/r Bialwp) i^igilnL wi^ ahurbUja the Hu\t' it ta^'vA ttj i-vii 
a d'mietie atbi tfr/wAv it. A fdllab will «»y, ba'd il ma^Lrib bi 
liil««i* 'fi]i|il slmdflf . . , AriJ/ rj /r'rn n< f/rrr tiftoil^* 

V Or kubbaya Jl u uibH or buU' iq Dibits 



350 



TnE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



fullowert by NvtA'A Jtnd the Intt^r a^wnya.^ Ko h«ri] siru\ ^uii 
t-ul«e fail be laid dawn in oth«r cj=ksi^fi for t.b« ii8-> of bi>U't but 
Lt m^y bi^ romarkti^i tttat it ia br^st oniitto.1 wiit^n no piu^iciiW 
»br»M i« lu-d upon Llio second iloud. mid wh^^a cl^ai^ums or 
alegftDce of «EprL^Hi<iori would nob b^ g:iiu@d by tts iti»<rLiDii.' 
Wb«n it in u^ed im* an u<ij«iti\T* ftipiiifyiriff fr'-/"^ op ji^<'ulMr ir, 
it Qfcuiiot bt i>initti*3» iLs it iifiah bfita^ il &kl ett^Mv "/fl'-" 

^ '2&9. BcIh", w]intlji*r ill tb« Wbw of funifKii^f nr jK**j^i'X\tfj, 
m»y startd hv it*"iJf, »ii[iT>fting with % ffubau-ntiv* uudrrsMod, am 
Qiush *ftui betil't, '■iHii botO' iikhfiya / don't fr<iiit wtn'-, / viaHi 
my br'/tfivr'*, livtA' il '■i-sh, II 'lids, i] bamum, il liftmmAm. [I 
maaiiUCD, U born^t^. d^., a tf^^n* 0/ hreo/i^ imiii«. ilof^. n Ao^A- 
k^jvr, "jt« icho lef^rn fniu^i^r^ a hat, d.*e.,b&t(l* il uiiUKlku liwit 
Di'k gil*h th-* Fwri/(VvtTM ^i.*[**r FM>' wms ifst. 111 il bnl^* dib (Am 
fhituj, arMf. it n^trkiua it« chnj^Miber a« a AiiUstiLhtiv'*, Witb 
&hi w'A*i/ f (t> wivHS fb» »n ^TiwnrigirtivH ji^ur-iole ini|iljirig mtr- 

EriAA m- Hnt 1(1^11 1 i<ie on ihe [^:4rt of tik^ epetiki^r, sis huU< ^h ti'mil 
ad*, itrflli wmyilt^ H^Ari' «r* you dtAny thtit fur f W*;^ a^^ttlJ 
/ I/O teilk i/%fui LoHtW, it luiiy be U0(id, with or vithnat ibo 
ikM pconomliid suilix. in UtM H^nao of --f rrftf^Tt, «« biyimt' 
bttt^^U, ftdf g&xur butl* {iti' heWti) he 'jrourt jmAiiUh^, httxmi^ 

% 359. When U10 lir^L tiuuii in icultifiuibe uiul the siM:uxid * 
poftManive or OHUiuil f^iiitivo ami d^^rtit'^, «itbi-r bi^bV w thn 
prt^iooition U muKt b« ini*flrli>d b^^tweeix tb« two, mm b<H b«>|iM' 
nbQvn (<jr 1 nhflyu) a homte 0/ my faihrr*s, binte llya a rinwH^Attr 
or ^iMn*\ Wbprt, OD tb« otb>:ir Land. Iho vecvuii uci^ii in in- 
definite' (in wliifh riii^R it can oft^u he rarderMi in Kii^lbih bv 
AD wljoctiv^), no word uoisd intervorjo, ua h^t, bintu, mniflk u 

^ ICfO I'hv tu\ji\-l\vi^ bil^i' ir^ t]?iHTJ mu^h in tb« su-nip way ila, 
tbriiigli |f!As fiiii|iitmth' tbari, bi^l^', bat rcTi^iiinpi urii'tuirignd with 
Cemtntn« And pWal u^utt^, n« li tet da, i^ pir4yK di, t*t»^ mtn t 

^ 2Q\. Tbn suUitiLntives tih([* iniiui, ibu. bhit, nhl. f^iJh 
have in c^rijviti fiipT^anioiu U]« voiim of pfotsMvl t^, milwMrf 

' 8ifct1 m^Bue Niy /o^y or tnv lirtirutttit'th^. 8itt i« >ii;l O0v4 
bj Mw ItJttCT i-Ujdiiid Mnrl Ttetiluiu Uy tbo bighxr iu tbv stinju cif 
fpi/v; A ««irTunt mny ^ly t« kitte btftlStn^ rbon >pii«kitif to 
bia Binf^er ^i hi" (th*' likU«-r'n) wifti, 

^ Tbu9 ve ahouid mj wlt If fofm bvte^tek yrv i/i <w i t r- nwt« 

' Thtf u I* jimctknJIy |irouo«nL'wi ahort. 



THB NOUN BUHBTANTIVE 



S29 



inlh, as rfi^U vA^a fiilAv a vrttv 0/ taanvy, nhn i}iV]fi, nhtauh 

KKjnq betA' il bijij^ uiiTt UTonii^ qirdba aJj^'b j*itiitaijt: fiatrif>K tatrlh 
rt />f<3<tfr* /-tnjf, umuie i|uw^| the *<rf^'U*<nil . bitlVU uituh*- sLuifji, 
kjilwiM, a i/un teifJi ii jJini'. a j'rrt:utviim-l'i'-f,\ iiLgU ibi**- toLldtlu 
Mhu a m/tn oj fh\rfy^ bint nrln'Tii saufi " mmtan <it jtirtfi, riigjl 

mij^h miij jkKle i/iUlc / am m-i* tJnii torf of man, alJr* ciuima a 

Rxujilit a. — Th^ noun iH8uiuetim«« iirHl«r«r<orJ, lu jibu 'ishi'ln 
litnttiti'j t't'i.tihj (piaMtrvit), i.v. i% 'iMar, I'jifjJ Abu iiiir/^ii (or 
ml&r'Ei gineL) ti tuun 'cfto Ji'im £2f^t a utonth,'' ummc ^abu'ii w 

Keuabk K — A Jit^ piwitrt' /hV« mrty be ^xprcsRAil bv umm* 
khuniMi tir hittM loin umnip kbhuititpi ur liifta bi kkuvmsiL, fif^f 
pianlrt p'trra h\ hilixt mill nii^ttirf kJiiuiLVk nr hiUhl uiiii uiiiiutf 
kbmntdt or bitiit l>i khiLiijMfi nr hifai lii khfeniHAt.' SimiliLTly, 
a ff>A pi/iJ/tr^ fieff i» umtDii 'ashnra^ i-c, L^ani may tiik» Uie 
fiJuntl foiiii tnuinab, a« ummjU qi^v'tmb tirv fnivirt ^rif»v, bub 
liLbil' lain iiJiLirit (or abu) qd^hHriiit i& JiJurv hJAUitL NfidiHT abl 
nor Abu ai^ti uflfti in Lbe pbtrA) in thi^ paTtnfvtion. 

S -''2. The jflU'titivo g<»nilive nrnv liometmie^ bo enprefloed 
bj tlkii pre|vi«ition« miQ And fi, nji fib i]A« in niawiin mmbuni 
iritban]n'iJ thirr arw jj^t/jtlr:, Ur wtnuFtt of tk'nn (La tr/'fw^ ieonii'n) 
v^'Kir Ihf? t>d^ sbuwni^u tninnu n UtHr 0/ it. Hiiwil yom luin uh 
nh»hr Jfiv /iiM 'iai/ 0/ fhc intiKth, iJ mtti^i^ fib* ^\'ii;iwl (jiit^li^it a 
irtr^Tf of it u irorth ttpo ^'»VWrr-*. 

^S 3(J-J, Umlt-r tbe |Kii'Litivt« trpjiitiFt* may l*e dtiK^Hc! iJih uj^ 
ftf tliw oimtitnjotjv** fftrni b*f*»i* Ih^ interpogntiv* t'h i a^ ahiift 
U (lAjTA ilr ? VLgLt Lth 7 (or (iflfft <<b <) Ihd 'cn t^*"* thtt fttin-j 7 iViiaf 
thinu 1 

§ 3Cti, Thp iHiuii following dtp imlpfiniM pmnoiJii ^y ii 
jjWmI ih Ihv ^[liiive. Aiiii ^^Ti^niHy tnki^s Um i.^4«> unditijr in 
unJvw it is fuUowod bj a n>lativi^ pmhinun, a4 r^je dukluiniii 
i^tr'JiFfirri aitv- "A^, bi ^yf tiiH^tin /'y onv tj»^(w<i but bi 07P 
1iirTr)a illi *aQjlah fvj/ any inmm* ■yttt luitf- Whwii tJie noun U 
MLow«ii by tb^ unbflf^nr.Wi.^ verb it r*ttfiiiis thf caap vuflitifj. 
dUiouftb U10 veib UJuaDy a^««« vitb it, a« ^^i* wiibiliTi kau, 

^ Od«i mAy bear tk« Fnllonviiig: minila! [>n aliti niJt ^in^fi 
Flio f* Mrf^ f ThiU'i a (or M') rwaw wAo fta- J*/'^' o "tontU. 
A man ie v»Umatvd ia Egypt, us in oHivr oountiiu*, hj bi« 
iiicoaw. 

> W« rnuij' tkiso B&y Hiiupl;' khunsAt, ■aahu-lt, Ao, 



330 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EQYFT 



n/ uid ittt nouD, &niJ caQSt^a the caau onding to be «luft«<l to tha 
pronouD itfl»*lfi a* p'yiii kjin wAhid fffiirh'tvr rfiif ii If. Tlift 
Ivnf^bened form oyihu is not lonotved hy a iioun witU thd a«A« 

§ :^ti5. The genitive of ude mny ilIai Ve e^prejiaed Far tho 
uk» of clwiriiKfirt b_v xr^eaiiii of b<-iA* or the prr'^Nisition Ii, aM 
kubluL^iL betulit in nilnt (or li n Tiiiit). 

.^ 2(>l>. Wh^ii the eecottil ttubstmitivo di^notcfl the nmt^riAJ it 
is verj frequeutlv re^urded aa mi nd'^tvtiw. or at&uda in jippo- 
Hitioa to tha lirfiii, wbii'b timn iind<T^rn'« rio rhunK^- Tbus w<> 
maj ea; gtJliiMj& flhaah iastJ^nd of gullubfj-it shkAh ; siniilurly, 
ibnk budid <t ^c^ rreC'Jh, tiLih&j^ kbnuhiib i-rnciuelf vfiann/tit^ 
Bikka WUd r» raj'/rmi/, liitta d^hab a /^I'-r^ o/</^J^/, A^tu tu Wfuiru 
i^flzir hf 'jQtfi hi'i\ Thf- ftiftrUnnji o/n imntitirr, uukK-ru rrivih piy 
a rflturn fn'if^f^ To umpbiLdiiv thu ukatei'Liil w<< miiy vin^ay th« 
preposition iulh. oa ^uhl^it miii iialiuii (or oiin in uotLfhii)* 

ReuARE* — We may q,Jh} eay iiir^h^-il kluisbiLb, biLtit djthjub; 
md vH?l^t j]h7\r is mor4> uaunl tbiLci wu^Kn iiiL/ir. Tl\^ jn"fe af 
'jiri't ia hittit id 'Jiibhb (or U hittiL U libhiLb), a /■a\l'faij trmn twbAr 
nikkft hiidtd, Me Taiiicnf/ train bublU' im aikk^ I Imdid (or ht^htr 
Ajkkit a Mtd). 

^ 267- On the nt);«r band, a roan limitia^ or Mt^iUontivo of 
uiother maj ^t^juul to it in thu rcliition of n ^uiUvc, a» ■niAhlyii 
kiOTU (or 'ara.bE)'i kjuru) a ^uH. When an objtHrt U JiiU<xiui;vJ 
hy l|^ pejieric tPiin tb« Intter, if "^niling in a. will of itM'Msitj' 
t*k& tU& ro?satn»<*tive foim, ii* midmit Mo^ fAa afy <>/ r 'airo, 
fui^rit lubiikb ttn at-a^ia ir/x, ^fC"^ ■' ^^ '^ jf/'j^er trv", oimrit 

Tnk'TH thn conMnn^tiTB Umn when followi'^l hy ita dnti*, ob fi 
ajLtiJtt tiilti^mlvii I'l fhr y^^nv SftfK 

Kehare. — Tbe ivt roEietrui^ioiia are very frequently oou- 
fiiMHl, Ki^l Piicb t^xjin'TDuoijA us tbu fifllowju^ wil] bri btiiLrd wmry 
ilay: il liittit id iliih«b tfn^ jtit^ti at ijoCif, i\ ilbit id diikbkhin 
i/i* t'iha'"''^ t-nx^ \9 dkbit il Un/JH,' iJ kOlt il c^iunhix dl (Autm**a*ur^ 
1^ corn, il ijb'^t il bi-rulm /A*' ^i^i ryf fjifi't-f^ wnnu| i^ ^ftgiuifc il 
<|11C« tta JtvlWu n/ tin- fmrta/o plani^ ik kubilr i»h dlnnfW tJui '/rPoiiM 
of Kowuirfi*, il bitr il kittati tfir hn/ tmi^ t\w firfl luA m^vitbd 
iionTi with its ailu'lft bi*i»(f n^^iLT-l^ n* one wwrd, 

ij ?<.>F(, A 'l>iiTiit<? Ejouii which Lmita a superldtiv^ q| df^re* 



^ But >Hw § na, 

* Ef jidtd i» not berv u**^ &s kn «dj«ctiv«, for ve ny ttkkit il 
^hlM u w<*U M is dkkft 1 UcM 



THE NOUN eUKSTANTTVE 



asi 



taay be rv^ardod &6 & f^uitive of relation, &3 in aliaaa !n iiAd 

tite br^f. of f>*^jplf.^ 

it 269. The ^t>mtive of posiietiaion u ficim^tiineB emploired in 
Ant^Q vhero we vrouJi^ ubo u iTepont^on, &a moljit tibriq iiikcLbbit 

§ 270. Thrt hi^TTtion of rin mlvprb or ntli^r won! hptwwm tbfl 
t^ro nouna dop« not prevpnt the lirit fram t«.kiug th^ /, as m^s^fit 
tnqrjbau jiNmi-ii a '/iW^n-.v 0/ ft^c^rf /ia> r/<if/*, mortlfit yi^ kliftjnoe 
dacjijiq an iiaffrn-<il u/ atnwjit Jliv mi'ri'ttef, aiuddit baqn saiml^u a 
jmiod Ititm v/ tv!0 ycttrx^ qfmil qfll uJfttIa ginfih a valtieo/gat/ 

^1171' A v>ioL« fleotoDco trtt^n dtnnds in the rolntiou of & 
^niUve b<i ft [rrt^i^iitg nDUti, ha li Gkrib Liknu rh\\ y\)^ in Oie 
ttelif/ tfiat he irrw rmnijitf, miiUdit il khid^wf kan fl Luiidum at 
ths tirrvt tfie Kfiednv ^rtu in J^ivfotij ^*[t tan kunnn burra at (he 
Hme tpe teerr vitt, li ghflyit lommji yiifi ttU the tnomt^t hi t<tm'v^ 
qAlit m& rulitis^i> Dxc ttfntrmc'if that yov liutn^t rjo^ 'Lbnnt quble 
mn yshflffl dl i'fii> tirpr^MifUit " h*'/<trp tkptj g*v" nikbit ilH jHrfth 
ma yirpt'ab i/j* mtul fry uiAt>/t Ae i^Ao foAeir iV NiWfff re/umu, bt 
oiibab kimte *.\ayil !q /or tfie re/iron thai I fttul ioid him. 

IlEM\nK. — Tbe construct form U not jilTfniya uajhI witli mn ; 
thus wr may aiy auwil l^la mn y*?bat fl I b^l ns w»*ll as auwil 
lilit, ic, th*: Jiref fttyht h'j ff^tn in Ihfl Acti/fl. 

S 37a. The construct form h oometimea nMramod by *fl'a mni 
efuia ftiid a few nthi^rs without reawoti, wheo uaai fldrerbially, &o 
wmol yigi» *aiiat nm yiqlah wmf f/tvirr he etyju^s, i<f>ni* A* ''yyn'i, 
al'it yiehratif au'it mft yishrtkbsb «(WT0fi>n«# A0 c^nri^, aomctimjitt 
he do':rn'e (or »kna yi#rl, tfcc.)J 

^ 273. Whrtn two or mori^ nnims aro ili^tHrminpd by a 
g«Tiitiv», the* firaT; preoedi^s iC, vhtle the ctb^^-i? fellow And 
indioftto thoir relation to it by moaiia of tbo pronominiil mtftizofl, 
ae ftbu r TAgil we bintu iJte man'" /nfhT and hia dawihtfy. Le. Mtf 
jiiariK /tither nvd ilaughter^ 'aql il qiidi wl BtiqAmithumH the 
tetmhnn iivi int'^jnt*/ 'tf the jftJ^fet, \ti\ H 'ilba vra "iLrJiha w^ 
ttikhnlhci Ifie i^/tlt, frr&idthf 'trvi lhr>hneM of ihe box. Should. 
boweT^r* beii' bo employed, tbo unier will be Lbe aaiue ofl 
ill En^lLAb, a* it (Ql wi I 'ard wi b tukhup betfl' il *iiba- 

^ 274, Wbprtt tw^t m' qiot'^ nhjcx'tK of a elasfl ore delt^rEU-iu^d 
Kt more tbiui om* genitiTe bbc^y ahould ba repo&tod before cucb| 
oa kitib ab)lk wi ktiib nkbilyn i/"/jr fdUirr'n ami tiv ftmiher's 
ffmk, sicritl wa aidrTTya we aifjit *illi wfi *!iH»41b .^'J/■/ iinrf ii*y 
«[^tf aru/ iraiV/irf,<iif, We fnny, however, oft^n shorten thi^se 



^ Ptarha^ for jUb&ate, sL'tttn, ocuuiiative fumu uooJ u advuj'bn. 



*^m 



THE SrOKRN AR.\BIC OF EQTTT 



(or wi Hi btO' '/jlt). WIhmi th« objt'i't d^tpmiui^ ii oDO Mid 
the HkJii'- m eiichf tpbe EtigJiah ooDebrDL^tioc wiJ] be u^o^. &q bi't 
Huskii wc 'Jklt Htteit'i attti Aiirf ii'Umv ; biit tlie full foroi of thr 

§ :J75. Th6 idi^is poculiur to tho dative are miof^tly expreaavd 
in Arubic b;' itjeaufi ^ t>be jirepuflition HJ 

g 276. H liHEi trttn Stittit Uutt ihu objective or nctJURHtive eu» 
hjLs ritJ4t]^ a didtiuctiviA oign exu(>pt Bomvtini^fi when oaod w jui 
ndrerb,^ Motiitii too, one of its cli^eF ch4ijuc'teHfiti<7a| ia uauiiUy 
Axpr&aaed by the preponitioiis b^ 'nh.^ &<^.;^ but, m will bi<i spt^n 
bKrudfr^r, TJif pre|KiFi[tiun nut uifi'Uijiit^jitly fjilln iiiiTi iifT^r * 
T^r-b or v^bjJ aoun of motioD, 

§ 1!T7' A noun uAniodirttoly Follon^iiii; n i^-Micai^ ao^ 
limitiiij^ or ap^icifviii^ iu nppHcuti'jn, miij b« r^gradv^l a» au 
lUtoDiULtive of ^'iwnt/ AS nigil kublr iji einn a wnn i\lii {ttU\inc^f) 
in yeart ; ketJr, qnhl, iL kulfiin ffffua'^itmA, taetCuni / mv\duk\Xn^ 
'anf}uk h^fW' pcrv^Uc-i ct/tji ; i-iglu n^iu'i^ tin Ki« fooi bttriMVtrrd 
vjlh if'iul : tLrde m^,r{l'n ^iura iuTut j«jtri' tfitU fiuii:f : Inrde 
IchAliq J ugra d pnpatd par^l ; Ichiimm iu nnui U'thar^ ; 
\AVKi\ il *d Ii'H</-Jin-;erf'f (of & thief);* l^iwil iJ liiun ^r^nf/'oftj^iwrf 
l«f a gr^at- talker), Tbe femiuiini ivJji'CtiTP ia j^eiioiiJ)jr in Uw 
ruu^Uiiirt Form, I'BfietiiLll^' wbt?u tbu iiuun i« L'UiSdly rnniitvitoij 
with thi- lubjet't, ns miLTitjt i! giitn tU in A'hf^ , gjmiilt i^ f Ara, 
i) WLiafaiah l>eautt/ul o/ <umft£w7Mncf ; but ktuilpii 1 Qf^/ mAlj'Aiu 

S 2"f*, TTiis lcM?uti(JTi M Dot v*^rj pomuiirti, ivurl ev*'n in cwna 
wber« it is &jlniiA«ib1ti thu pn^poaLtion fl (or bf) nirij- gt^n«nJIjr b# 
inoertod, na Iceblr & a sinn ; tms luiyuj G I kiJun ftwlt^ roir 4j/ 

/^rtr^^, nilU-rlAH bl giMJlU. It IH Bl^jre I^UlMjuiul t" A»J VIA 

iiiiiJirt 'lu'lJ / /iniv fl ^^f}'lk aijfiit limn una ijnif in nifcjjU' ; ri/chrf 

h'-^i/, /iJJty, Af., ^hKL otilv be oxproti^d hy ^j^du, ft^ilii qAdpirq, Mc 

)& 379. Nob only verbs vitli tLeir puJliuipleA, but udJi^ctivAJi 

liitVLLig l]i" (ijt^9 itt Ii ^u]lAuip)e« UMJ iakv a. ilirpct objovtt m* 

^ JKO. Tbe flign of tho vnL'ativ^ etun- )i th** int^rjot^^on j» I 
It itf ooiTdaiouallv omitttyl, v^piMTuJIy bt.<fnrc projxir onmi-'i aw\ « 



> See i fl70. » 8™ J on. rf, * Sm | 57a 

* Aa ill tint(*k mhI l^tiii. Th>- uonn WMQOtiinafi Ukea Uid 

■ Ku^. ti'jht-Jif^inl. 

^ K tihhlfit il 11^ B bunJIjf ftdmUiiblo, 



THE N'OUN SUP-STASmS 



S33 



nmia ! irff>ther J wnlad ! bmtl Aig. It is uIm oniiLtotl with 
tknjdim «ir (Wt not vitlk tiiU). 

^ 1281- W^mi n jicrpinn in aTli1rpHR4^1 by finUi lii" Tinmi^a the 
InterJMtion U rep^nttxt b^oro th« sr^onmH, u« vn MLufiifiuiil \ yn 
H4li[u ? TliiB is also generally thf> r^uM vKi^ii Lf« is ciiLltd by hiB 
luuje preeedeil or followed by bts Uil4p i.ir prcifesAiou, or ii 
desi^iuitpd by twn or moTPi <^im-! it;ifla, ufi yii Hjijuut, y* hftminllr! 
(fonjtfliy-'-fly Il/wun ! yn wiul, ya M^Atumn/l I tn'^ f M^^hamm^ / 
j-B rft^l yu iia<inii, ^f^u^ tiup^'llr T ]tf"t jWoic, tcaUr e^iTri'^r^ fViuinr, 
rarf.^ni'-T / ya KkliSia, jii bint. yultbU 1 jyiVf, (ri*iffr Bihhita f yn 

Ketf^itM. — Tb» intorjtfctioQ ie not oJwave rppfut^ wL«re the 
quality, tiTjle, or profctwion Is iilinoet iDdPfnrubly attAcboi t^i the 
naruff. Tlicii^ b lupui IvibitUfklly uJit^ 'sluiuih' MuLt'^iiimiid Ufirie 
Moli'iuVH'*'i, or Me'nllim 'ali /nrr-jna-fi Aii/, might he a(i<lreH5HM| by 
JA *nmini Mhitmau^, y» m^allim ^iill ; but if there ia Uie LenAt 
jHtnsb between tbo two wotdfl, ya will bii rep«fctiil. Tbo woH 
rt\^ Bometiiupa lomis a ciftzi[K>uud in sf^iian ivitb a noun eX' 
jireoiing u pmlfiK^ion, nnfl aliitte tnbefi the sigTi oF tlif» vntsLtivp. 

^ 28^. Ln^y, thtr »>voiid noun, (^specially if d«Dotiijp a higb 
(ifflc-n, niAy tuke the li^fiuit^ urtii^li) bifit.(>>ul of th» interjticticiii 
being i-ep»ktedr na ya sidim 1 qAdI "Ur' ^'f^f ^Ar A'l'^^ 

Ji l^tf^i- Tho ii)ti>rjrn?tir»u niiiv, of couieo, b^ pUfwl bufore 
adjectivNi and pfLrticiples uft^l aulLt^Uuitiv^ty, jlhiI niJl bt* 
repeated with Ibem vben they i*™ in nmcord with a. Hnb- 
■t*&tive eipiVAsed, OS yik *ugf]i 1 <■/'/ t;>un .' ya 'nt^lmii ! ^ *rfi ffurjfy 
cW i y& ra^il ^a af^h f you, y»u 'i^u/ jfffin .' yu '.Lucik 1 (|rite n/' 

Si 3i*4. It m:if be plai-nd bi^nn* peimuiit) msA. plhptically, 
bfifore r«lntiv^ pmu^uriA, nn yaintn I i;/uv f/J^^# ! fi*By>i II i HbiyiJ U 
iniAl^nriAfyu Ui olAaIiI oiiti jf^heiina tifttti ^'riiik ('•/•kout f/oniphoart- 
tnrrrjiit-j thf^ hrtvfi Intfkrt.pun frA"n»-r utiikin-j trtth yti'ir I'iJ'v thai / 
yu bitto yii EIJ "jiuiLfL I huniniu* I fifii'V nha vaftf riiirl^/ttv !"* 

SKtUAEtK rf. ^Wbttu tbo nubjtvt addrmiuod Ih uaiu^ ur olbf^- 
wiei? indLCUti^J iJlf^r tbd pt>rHoiuLl pri^UDiui, ya will citbcr bo 
ropunted rjr BiUtuJ berur« ttt iiotiu only, pj6 y« lEitit yji MbLnimml, 
jii inU. ya H^ril (rir iutiL ya Mliampju/l, intti vb rft^il^, 
one 



^ 'aiuni ifl applied ae & title of reEpt^t to uQ rl<]i^ly mua or 
one oldar than the apeaker. 

Street crii>'t. The watftr-eell#r Mun^taei *iy* Htfthun 
witboiit vji. 



231 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



KsttABK A.— In til** eixpresHifja ta isrnak vh ! (for y* intA 
teniEilc eh I) both the pprs'>rirO aTtd t-tiliitU'u proiiouas have diS* 
iippeved, 

§ 3d5. The si§:» of tlio vof:aUve U u»td in street cries witU 
th« object UtT »il«, lo ruJl t\w nttetition of tli« pilsmth to it, nml 
JD tbia cii6G the ^ipithf^t qufJif vm^ ^^ putting it in atte^ti ploctf'l 
with or VLtbout ^iv first in the- Hctitoni'ti aii'] ia the Diaaoalino 
aio^^^ulAT, wbtaCever the ^^eader aiut iiumber of tlie KubrttuiiLire, MB 
y». tiruiis : iupinet/ ^a ^iibl^n ya ^11 ! ^/f t/'Opf 'atI^ y«kiin4tt 
iiroad ie&k»J boliult yn hftnanhGrS^riMp ho/iV^ (/'-^iiufi*) I qiullm y* 
lumckd 1 o/*J lamp*! flhU niin il 'naol ya biL*itl 1 uui&ttt mwe/flr 

Jitmptf f At the ami oF tha soEit^^iu-'o tbu Hjljwitivti miv b^s i»- 
p^Atwl (geiLBtallv without va), h-A baliuEl yu kriim^iu tmlftdl 1 
uaJttt^ ca^ni't^^ natii-^ i'at'ho't'^ ! iLkhilur yu Iciirntt nkhiLLT ! 

§ 2^^^ ^[imewbut ^imitur bo Lba above ifi tbir utie uf jii ihA ft 
cry of JUtri^fis or eurpris?, aa ya risi 1 ya 'ini ! </A w*y ftivti ,' oh 
my tf/« ! ya. ItJa fl6(l«. f cA uufu^'A-y ni'jhl t ya ami tnnsktu 1 * oA 
terdfjied rue ! yrt b*ikhtak I irW ^Wif u yaur* / \» litiitt I "A / 
wmiit wn! ya ma BUkwiHikhE nfi, hi^dirtj/yuu (int/ ya mu ullf t 

^ ^87. In iMoldin^, tho IntGrj^tion is ruroly oiiiitto<3r m-Jid it 
JB usuully LtfpMLteil witli every teiia uf abue«i uumf^muit as lb>*y 
of lifn niH. It will be boat tninBlAted in bhi« mjiq by ttie pi*j'>bJEkLd 
jinonuiiii j/r^fA 

^ 'JH^. A iiaun mi^y b« u^ed abeohitfily viibout b^LOj^ pr»- 
ufxied hy % pre^sLiiiju r^r dti^eoiivut i>ii tuiy crtLt-'i' word m iJm 
Miitttnca. Thu use corr'^flyHtndK in some iiijitfLnCPA to Iha dotivfl 
of other Iftnguagea, with or without ft prepoftitiati, in othwr* to 
the Br>-ca!lc<l accusative Absolute or thoACCUfiativQ of i^ttcnb,^ M 
tigi ■ d*» khonm yrau mfi^ c^onf of _tfr* o'rh'A, in nnh*r in f-^ 
itaift il i^la <i] fAifl ttf'ifl'/, bLoi yfim (t'j/)/Arr </ci^. il ^ieu'il \ ^y% 
Hozil vtek, kull« yOm if r^ubh ft^rvtf tlatf *n fJn' itt'tntiii'/, id dukir ai 
MOoiir il aiaf^bnb at utt'iinrr, eittlii »kiuL we i<«H'ni v^'Oi, i>ie. 1^ 
'tetrit / corr, rulina nihjUa kblr* tpf '"Tif « ^/r'flf iLw^a^icn. 

RtuAHK. — iTiHiirh i4X|ir»>iSHLi:kTijij4anhtifti»wAl,iitt'iirJt'u DiakirfLrft, 
wifihohu rok&^nhftT I *aw a nuiH ^i-t^h h hroken oiri*, a f-y J^^', 
fttf have two witimto ai*Eite;i(^eH» tUv Uti«^r ouiiCaiutUi^ a aiihwiM 
and predicate with ub Hllipbc uf thti HuVjatuuUve vi^b. 

g 2^9. A Doun fiiLlijwhig aitLithiTUiJiin or a pt^'KoriAl proboiiD* 



' MLirtT ci>minonly uaed by iellbboeiu 

■ Many of Lh«m may b« r#^t\idd ju wlverbinl oxpcvnioikL 



THE KOUN BTJB8TANTIVB 



!}35 



«tiH BXplicdtiTfl of it, ia annUl to be in iii>jmniticm to it, jl4 MehiuD' 
mari il fiUTAn Jf. ih^ /j^ivj-zisaiillATj *uM il Hunild;* j^ai kbfl 
bfttAtl n ^^iT* of hor»f^, hftrrtU (i,e, n* mund a^ }ftn^lA) \ iti niU il 
IwehawM wi 1 babawAC; ^\\\ grhmi'ib tiiyftf ^anifina v^ have eomc 
fftA^t in i^ir houJ€ ; rd^W khaddAm, hi'ya't Ithiiiylt, Ac; qunuaa 
buiuil piitvi'vn^ ; in tma ^amiJihum O-^ ji/'"j'i", ait of thein ,■ il 
ifihoa kiiUih:! thtt whofi "fihcfhr.'^-'-; hftwjL sh Shekh he thfi Shr^k-h; 
biyi* rultbra the (he •itfuT (i,e. r/'C f*M/)^ iulfi litn^ti yon both; 
Mdrtft In hiHiya f iram- it Pi fn'vi {an) apiPMeiit ; gfihfl\t*niyiiiiL ifieij 
hr"fif/hl tt Of a tfQTttple, 

*E 2D0, Tb© Tord lui^Qm n#^w«7y is totj' commonly oaed after 
■oother noun Lu tlie *eii»e of wnir't fur. fur ih': u*? <f. lis kbaahab 
liuUm il fiirrt rrfviiZ /t"* /A^ r^/or^, fjirshit Uiitim il hu^Aii bsiiiiinj 
jitt lite h~iTt^. 

§ d9L The ascend nouu ie somptimea ibnrteicKl in apptiatloD, 
r.bou^b it 19 reiftlljr of the Lt^litre ul it ^ouicive, tis tiizluira Alu, 
tany&,tj*l^diimpft a^Vvf, jwrrtwi, /AiV'? ^frt>iii, tichtt- il g^ji il fchd 
r hi* pair ["J) hort^-fi.^ 

g 293. Tho naifn in hppooitioD inrLy be i^pfu^tcd from tho 
rithi^r bv sitverHl wofda. uh hS>n khtkragit illd lJ dJa I liiinuA jiAe 
Wfvit oiif of tfte rii>fr, Mr rp^^rnan (/ wj>'ji;i), 

S3 L.*S3. For thoeakfl of pleamese iLe rotative pronoun folkwoil 
by the porsiiiiLil proiumti may be Innei'ted betwepu ibr- two ijouiia. 
Ho tbnt the api'nnil bi*iiniuv& Lhe pc'edicatn ijf tbf« fir^f, lU Mt^hATU- 
aiii4 ill! hilwH L fitn-iD, il qti^ur^A ilti hummn biinat, 

S 3'.>4, Tbo noutia oaffl, flhukh?, sit, *^n, till st*//; kiJl, jpimi^ 
o^it huJ w<vli<l <i Iftftntf 'lionc^ with tbg pronomuiDl suHiiea, AtAnd 
■imilwly in nppoHitii^n to auuttier mouh t*r ^jrimonTi inlj^xIiK'in^ 
them, a^ iflh ^bt'kli HlAnkhtu ; LI liurma nibffilhu ; il khiilcvi zntu ; 
iJ 'ofiSkir *tHhnui th'- ofi'if/h hn/nv^lf .- the to^i^ hemdf, A*r. : juin gfb 
toll / c(\'ri'- hij mifi'flf : il wiliU kulluhnm \ qar^t i] kitib kullu / 
Uat^ va't fhff i^yk. Ih'* trUfife vf it; io uAft gum gHuiilihom fh» 
ff^jpU all ram4 : il iu^H' wn-hdiihum M* A'wy/wft tj Mwrn-ff/pBir, 

Rkhahk, — Tli^ pi-r|ni8ttirjii 1ti aiuj (nitti nalid) li oft^n inter- 
T49ne, Sn4 il bifiC bi riithii i tlx'6^\(i iutu bi Vnkfl cfnne i/onrtelvea ; 
111U bi ti.\l| / /'/; m}ft*if ; liuuijun U w^bdulniia^ 

% 2U5. A whole M-iiitcnpi- or ^iib^tiLtitire c^luune mny dtabd in 
tpfuiuliuji too. iiuiJii. OB il kjilniij An 'ula inn ir rdgil da ahaun 
miD koU ill uAfi (^lipi- fiibtb tkU etaffment, ntjninlfff Uiat thia man 



^ Tb0 order is aometlmca inrortedf aa il Khidtwl 'ttbbda for 

'ubbjU tl Kbiiirwj. 



»B 



TliE SPtJKEN ARABIC OF ROYPT 



*iil& inn tc in tilti ftre in np(>09ittion bt il kH-Lam dd.) 11 khftt«|^ 

fi 29\]- SLik-«biuitLve!t are souieLime<A u^i.-rl h9 4dj««tivee, e«p«:i- 
ally vilirii Ihnv lienot^ il i^uitet^i^t ' ur h uruditloii (a:^ thf' aUt^i 

J^bHt a n7A han/ilfrrhirf- buin'i^i khu^ a 0/iVJ"- Aaf, kitAb 
^Ud a ^foUF/ri ^fiM}^ . bibn kLnatjib a tr'i*Hit-j^ pipf ; Aikkn bftdtd am 
iron (rait) way; ^i'a. diiiuib a [tM «'uUh ; fiuLiCLii lukiU \^rp}ii^ 
li i-xf if R J il kjilLie 'uufluhunk njig^^n ifif 'l''tj it\lh thmn tc jm lii'riCma 
thxuri ■ id cliuyii Uird, burr, u/ir f^(j jft-d^fcer W r'>irfj AoJ, /(i( tVjire ; 
id diUTH 'ifctmu, daiujH, hUati], Wj^LU^i EabfnjL, nktnrtd^ii 't if tttJtrk^ 
Uoifinfi a untifrjf, iitwttltf, I'r'nfif^ij litniuuli'tn ; k"l'imfik tiik^ u 
kidb yottr ttatem^ u tttoHjih o-nd faif^- . mutmb (iflltnu., 'iitm* ft 
4v^plac9; hti^^^haif'^trra'-cful tfiiji<; ; viht k&imn it rfo^e room .^ 

\ms\i'\t ij/niU r'anoNT ^j'/j. murg'i hutcuifn ; ^iiihrlii miiftU^ i)dkkiVl 

!•/ a man (i.e. tftfrn-anf)-. wiJiul Inkttmit a mK'i\H&-fi'(tfi&i bvy: 
jimu, ukbdri [iLr&b a chiii-tniiii/ tfi/man^ 't rijrlt^i'U'i niKtot't^ : kiUb 
khwi-a^ a fri/rit'tfinn Inmit : iji^l hlianif itiT'i of himtmr i lU sViiiji;tilu 

jn Jecf' ''JtaiUiih i'j n'ci't/t m {ri*'i /tirdaiilf) ; uhbliJ^^ Uu'jI 11 iii*<i/iit/ 
erudli ; lilu stiolid /if/ /i^/au/ m rcifJieivi : 'i^-Tu' nur a aAj)' /rrmi a 
jWn , i^liiin biztlm ifl Bnfn, kliuildrat UixVlm U Jikln it tn^lkh, ±c, 

1^ ;!U7^ VtfrUU aabfftaDtivoH wiU a-nmi-tuueii b^ folb>svtd by a 
tubAyutiTc cIhqbc hii Lbf^ir objwt. &» tAkhtulnl It^itinu yi^ tV m 
niy fr^<j(v£urn that he rtifl tiniic bidilu yi^rAk U Wiru) t/ m A6 
wou/h i p, /m ttanfn if* ja» to J^jrn / hfu|i[nbum kin ybliiib'ib li tMV 
*A^i> rii/A/ If •'riAe Aim, r*. /y*^v "":/''' '" ^*''* ttruck him; at 
th« ob^tvl niAv W AUdthor snljateabiTv, iM luhi^ubuut iaL «Liaiii| 



NTJMBEB 

S 2dA Ah luu bffAii Man iik ibu lU^df^ncA, wb^n ft noan m* 
pr«iiiW0 A wbolo i*liu#. th« imUviduiU of thftt qIam may be -^ 
by adding tin- torn ii nation n. And r*vnu whtv-p xAn* oun 
toprwuM botb thvr cUm mid the imlividiu^, aa ofiea bj^ip^iti 
«4uii) it ham ft brokvTi [jliirk], lLl* utriuiiutiuu mu^ bi> iul4^ Fijv 
I'lvumMfi if it 13 ni^o^tiHkry tu CiAke ti dittiikL^tign, »m ti'b4a fflcUl* 

' Aa [f Lli^* r:(:«i> irt I^EigllAii. 



NUUBER 



«T 



«r mah^ (pi. U'ftMtOi ti'hAim {or ti^lkliift waKiI*) 4 eiti^e Ktkift^^ 
Thf* AAiat* tei'iniuiktHrij will fluuinrHiitK-a 1h< lul'ii^l Lu mii aliALrui;^ 
ur>Eii] tu giv^ it f^rvjkti'r viviilnt-iw, ikri kurittt fi 'izM in fifiuiA 1 
liiLva K" u'f-r^ rri ihe 'nidiiii- of a, ntertt f.li^. Mutb is a /niaiitfff 

;^ 299. WaliEd, with itH feiii. wululii, us a fiiibsluiitivif coirt^^ 
■]>or»'U to oue in KngliNli, o.nd mrty he ns^ in tli** JuiJ aihX 
[>\nr%.\f fes uddl lu kuuimitiiL i Kiffl, IdilL lu wiUidh viLJidib^n Jiiiaii 
I ffivfj kim 1 }'ear / >'?(r, t/ive htra i'i>e (jr iii"t- 

% 300- TLi< wm^l fiiiTJ iir furilu (|il. fjntiat) in u^^t us Lliii 
singulftr of iioiiria <l^riotiiig objitf-to that ^a in puirs, th" littfi" 
form peuoTftlly tikiiip tlwi f when fullowed bv Un> tu>qii, jlji 
though it were 4 |J4j'titivD j^cuitiTr, a^ fju-dit gu.utiji,^ dhurdli, 
^iiwiuiU dTi o^fff a/»je, tiiirkuuj^ ^iofe . fiU^ (lit fiuxiit) huJuAm one ttf 
't fHur i'j p};fffjif : fiiriiit ^ubiiugft a pisfni. Sometinies il foMow* 
tiie uoiirii tL« 'nrfthlvi bi h^u fjkn) n ainf/U hotvc earri'it/e ; or ilii* 
iiciun may be ui^ilnitt'j'Kl, ma tuluU i^ua u fcvd f^rcf ^jV« aju/ 

furdit hri^&u iifi ^'ifef, rt tin^la itame-^hife ,- forde nua d niU'/U ituktt 
j'la/ip fff nre-draify or- a *'"-k "/ rice,-^ buaduqlyK bi ftirilu a 
mriijMitint^k'i w'* ; fBgil bi fitrJa. rtbu fiuilft ^ a r?v-e,t^f "^*tf*h 

Hkuaiek — The pUjinl i* Jnnifii, but Uw brokun fonn ifrld 
ui luod in the Pxpi-mwiun ifrl4 in o^d itiejiL*ii/iutfe, without i-o- 
f^tetfcte to couple*. 

^ 301. 'Qd F</uA and uir aj^ aunilbrly used of pltnta tktnl « 
f«W objects ramie of woo*!, ws 'Od nwnltir, ImuhI, wiml a pitet- o/ 
*/ocij a Mfi. " rf'Uf-'-iifivt';! \ *li'l hoJf* ( - lifUfiVit) a Uti^/" tif h'tfftt 
^rofiH . 'Ad kSibHt or simply *ild ( =' kfibritu) n in<Uchj »s 'rkiid^kk 'lid 
iwrtlb' buh ttiyivrtl? f/tin' ijftii a unUrJi ttiih lahidt / crm Uyh4 m^ 
ciyttftt*' 7 iiiitf kbiyiir, sbaTumnm rt '''irinuiMT, n m/^tm. 

Ur.KJiPK. — *td kubrit nhiL^i' a u-oj n'tiUh is jlIht] aui*!, 

% 30^H Till- woi'd kam, whethei' mpaiiiug him- tuamj f or a_;^^/f, 
is rt.lw«j» followed by a noun in th*? singula nuHiKir,^ though 
Ibo luljflotivei or proikoun (jiiiJif)'itig it will b« iri tbu plural^ at 
kiLiu qixdjik'f ^^vfF f'l'fnjy botfUigJ uu^Bil il k&m kubbuya dt^l tl 
ItuwajyiiiTu ^rrriy rfwuTi iAeof /f^e prdt^ ',/ltiiv^g. 

I 303. When tbi* pluiTtI ptVDLiniiUftI HultiXTfH aw niipxjhliid Ijo 
filiH wor>l iHm tiawi*^ or wonU denoting nrrij* or pnt-f-t nf tlifi f-vdjf 
or tfie fifiii itoi^if, thtf ijuuiia nftt^i L^main in the ^ii^nLir, and 



^ Note tluit liltl^oiigh gjuiniL mnnufl a /Mitr oj hutU^ iind eon< 
Huqiidntly guuun pufrtf </ Aucfjr, w«i nniy uj gut gLcAm for <t An^f* 



J'OIA 



Cuiap- llnlLiU tiitaUh€ bi/(tigiio. 



" Or fiUtlA k(i)Hmi. 



as§ 



THE SPOKEN ABABIC OF EHYPr 



in till!* cuac the qualifying liUjectLTi* will aXUf rrmain uoctanged, 
»« ietuuLuiu {'h^ tffuU art Oi^tr rtwnn^I iinf^tdhuui IhertiKive* : 
djtqnijlium t^viln Hii*jr bfanttf nre iorvj .- flimi'na tilAjnfaum Lh 
wiiinina u^: tt^aM ihfiir jtfat^irieni rrifli 0"r t-arn. gistaaku (of 
gittitku) kullu (kullih^) zuiu^Sa (nxiri*a.]ui) wn\A jft/'ir f'Oiitet h^t 
ail fn'jntiatr-'t irit/i mud. 

g 3L»1, Thp iN'ime is th« o.isu witb titluK of r«ep«c<t, but h«r« 
both adjuc?tiv« clqJ verb will hv iii bbi^ plural, j^ itadrit^^ ' 
nabBO^Q? ar« t/tjur Ilviivtire eatuf/i^di bii^4<libka «hiif tuhiLOl V dui 

HiiiiiAiiG-^'&n is Dkor« fr«qiieut1y u«(^t In tb« plur&k in thi» 
«'oniK.4?tion- In such au cxf-roa^iitTi iia bitfu sh fiLaio*^t bi hniki- 
thum tA'y }"U 0"t (he cimiftit rftV/r tftrir jiwfiJu {i.«. ti^ Ueit* 
tfitTH. uwi), iho plimJ in uMxl b^ prBf(ireiiu«f aa u aepaivte ho& iji 
pwformwl by ert^h pyiaon. 

g ^f>5. It wUJ h^vi- beetk notic^l that iiouiit uf uiiitj ref-^r to 
HU iiidrifialle cIom. To tixpruaa lIiaL uii uI.ijlsjL Li otiv uf & iiumbvr 
of othnra of » <l"timte cl>u^, whetb-^r in r»ijiliiy or only ran- 
t1«reil 140 by buiiig pi-tiCLMltMl by thu dt^tinitH ajHcl«, Wt« mudt 
rmplov tbe uiujmnj woljiil or^ wb('ii p''|-^uA ax& Sfxikoio of, t^il 
ur njuu ur the aitij^ular uf Lhu uuuu it^eH, follownl hy ibd pr»* 
piwibiuii uiiii, ji« vTiilLid miu iJ khiuldinLlii ; w^UiiU miii U flLlilina 
irn^ 'j/ I/m ilt'i't , nigU, ojfira, ijiin il *urbiiu * ww f>''//itf virui mai, 
rwmf^ ; dHllinm miu b fisJaliiij ; ^bitikoaia miu ^buiuuuuk tntr «/ 
j/oor if'«tf/j ,' jOm mill il lyini *i;nr rf^ii/.' 

^ 306, The jjkuruJ ilfinciiiRtititiTe d6\ \» often, uaod instoA^I of 
th« «]iisa tjekag mmttyi^ k* jom min d>'i t>wj o/ f/L««< Joj/tf. Thn 
Dnitn iu Uie attipfidjii- inaj be prev^lod by wfiLiid, M w4hid j^ 
min xJit il lyAoi, or be mode dt^btiite for evijihudUt as il.nuuik 
iQin ili^L 



THE DUAL 

jl 307. Nouns will nnt nHcujvm-ily or j^iinanOly hn nsAr) in tho 
duiii uuuibur, ultb'>ijgb twn obJAoU ai«j f^jH^k^ui of, itiil"da it ii 
hiugbt iu euijilibHijic tii^ f4vt of tbt^ir bi^uu two Aiii turn oaly. 
In olpbar CB.^^ Uivy wHl \h'< H|Hiki<u irf lU thi^ jilm^J. Thus wr 
niuy SAy oF Lao buya^ un uf a lur^iv niLuiU-r, il wilAid dM gum rotti 
i^ti i JjLj'aliftk ]>Ml f Sfj d^M kiUbiU mm (ibougU uiilj tvo) ; ir ngli'ii 
fi buyuthum 0>*>t b^ti^ubuDj). iutC &?.l^«bV tin yi/u ('■''■') /ricndp / 

I Th«r nior« vdupfttad ftom«tiBW8 shf ^a.(iMlkuiD> 
* Wv laay deo ^y ri^il, EQim Biiii botO* iJ 'vbia. 
■ Or oiiii bU iJ iyim^ (Sm | 443.) 



THE DUAL 



sas 



RcHARK. — It c^imob, Lowever, be dtriLied tLat tlie dutkl in 

frequently' ased whLiro in Siighr^h wp woiiM not i-oriHt'ler it 
D^it^sui^^ U) dtiEcriht^ tba objoi^ta SfiokHii cif as lw«> ur both. 
Fgr iuBTjkucQ, we mi^bt nay li^t ii kif.iLbf'Ei illi d a Anfm i/'tte tn* 
i/if (liar) h/oka tahirJi tiiv nit thv titi/lf. ttliirti it i* wa dbviiiun » thp 
paTBnix iLddrNHEid as to th^ apealier tliat tbtre ftra two odLj ott 
thn babJv ; fio IHnej) HbitjuitcD both avr ifvrj/Jj (refETi'in^ tpo iu- 
aiijfing efpreKjions), tbougb abitiua Wi>uKl be more logicab 

% 30&. The odjtmtJTM hAV« no dual foiiii, even vbeii ubihI ^& 
•iib4<ADtivc«' 

g 509. The plural !» uned in plore uf ihe diinl in the vuoii- 
tive. but It OJiiy be foUoved for tLu sake of um|ilitLftia b^ IVufiu, 

% 31U. Tbe niuneral itPrli ifl often added plecniLBlii?ftlly after 
A nouQ m tbo duiJi to inauro tho biiuj-oi'^a intentioik, ua Imt If 

botikt — ijnth uf th^m ; or it mrty jirecwle a t*ouii iii thi? plural^ hk 
itn^ bOhdt /'iM /fi'yj* ; itnin MohiUDinadflt i litii^n kbi*] wo litDcu 
aiy&ia ; htncu Hgpila, ikbwifcf Jtc, In botb cuisea tbe Betond 
woni U ill ajipoaitw;!! Ur the first — n f*ict wLicb btujomus pwtica- 
Ihily cli^r vh^n both of them take tbe de^uit^t oi'tioif, or tbv 
firftt u pronominiLL suffix und tho secuml tho di-tioJtj, uu lituiiu il 
liiu'^i>'jk liol- kitAbctt! du] littien. 

^ 311- BLinilikrl}', m^lSii, ahakh^Dt (wq Jiien^ troo prmoHt, utd 
fiirniJur wordfi, nLa,y pri«c(Hl<* u pEiirH.1 nourj limEiing tbtir aanne. 
«j ^u li dliuklutiii 'umod Ik" jier^ffu^ {^imdiie) aanuj fu uir, A 
pifvria id buL-e luld on bLi? f&ot tb»t tbi>y were omUiid, wbicb 
utjidd not lie die (;tkfle Lf we eaiiJ gu It 'luudituii. 

^312. The following wordfl ure ua^ intbe aiiij^ulm- preLWwi 
by itcCn : — 

(fi) Tbose which have no du&l or plural Fonua^ «a itiiun 
kiUTU ^ Sw\i ''ttrtg^ itu^ri li^lu ^f^' Airk^ (at it gikni»- redt-tiibling 
rmHvferv); ita^D djiqqu. hLuoii, k&hlcu (othei* tei'iui) ns&i at that 

(fj) Moat foreign pieces of moaey aiid & frw otbor fwoigu 
VFurda, aji itnfn rodUn. ifmi^, ri^il, giu^l:). fmi wiffiem&.jianfti^ 

HcuAnKr — MdJloCii, nv^un, aud niHlvilnC'ii we slao in ufi«, 

ami qi^i9b jf'<ult-e tdvuyi t^ikub the dvul furiu. 



1 ^Aivbtyitfn kamr is n]«i in oummou use. 

' Iturii uiMt. biriL* IjitHkii, Ac, will hv bejud at rHntnui'untA* 

Itnfia bull^ is elJiptia for ragl^n (or lUkfai'eD) betfi* il biillf. 



540 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



RcuAHK tr,— Ttin iLiULiic»>fl resulting Frcua tii« rarioui con- 
BlructiouEi may be illuHtriLti-d hy the foUovin^ tixamplva: — 

Fill M^lmmaiJk^leLi Mrr? att t^u M**; Fib AIpIiuoihuuI^q itp^a 
Vwrs ors twj M-'t : fih itnen MfJinrmm^l f/*frj^ hj-^ ji«* mm uf 
the ^MntM 11/ if. .- flh itQ(in Melmuxniiul("ii t/iere are ttm rjum ^JlA 
Mvhaiiiriivij : Hh itncD M oliarmuaddt 'Ai^^rr ojv hcit — fiurrti ttion 
u9te M. i fill Mtfl^jiLiiLiiuvl^t x\ax^u tftere Uf mu^K than UM M., tltttt 
are fifi. 

KKUibK h. — Tbd aiTtgultf- ifl very riu-«tlj uaad vhih itiiibi in 
othvr tbiiit thu above cibH^a.^ 

Uemai^k i\ — llifcsain'ji id uhmI fyr Hunui ucd Hw^n, Uie two 
MtLH itf All, iv>iisiD of tliH PiTtpht-t, ADiuitg thi< f^llnljeen Liidt* 
vUuhIa ux« oitaa □anitnl hy th^dunl, as Mi^boiumHilOn, ^uwad«a, 

g ^'ilS. Trcire \v GXpt^^nvi hy tk<3 word \iU[ wiU* Uie dvfiail* 
iirticld Followed t>y itTi<iti» lu hiivn. tavil ^anniLk 1^ t^| itn^ti Ar u 
firtfff .V""^ ^'^ p' *•■''' I'V litucn or dn wi dn (or da w UiIj^ uftun pr^ 
nounced d*udih), f>'n)i di widi (ordi u d1) ; tiwbltly^ tdv LcuJeoliu- 
iibli» " lidjwtivu mi^wiz ; a pair by the word ^fiE, vhicb^ lika fajii» 
U aometimiM used oldna, thd [jtiJMUi to whk-h it refers tioiog 
iiiiili>i'&t<HKi, ufl |:n7 kill"! a ^(> u/ iufmen, kun fi ldi» ^0*, i>o> v 
/jjw.e 0/ ;nfto£« . il liuj^u da ^Lln&b bi I got tit/a vilA ^offt U^ 

^ 31'L^ Tho idon of fir^ c«nly poMva into Ihat of t^ xdiaJI 
iiumk-r, aod mx^b oxpr^^Mii^ns im the folluwiuj^ iw-e of Oi>iniiHiB 
occiai«ni:p : nn« *jij&4k 6 kiliuit^ii / Aat^r ^^ rfciiii or /vo Jo aof 
to yoti , idilt lu ijcji^lir^ti. iiUiffi^iii r/Tr*p Aii^i a puuttnt ur ttvf. wonM 
mnoll nvfti'^if . ii fjerslj(iii I*>:»t1'1 hj.'/ t<tti'/orhifif^ , i^biir Hbiiwaijlt^D 
VTfii/ 4£ cif'"/>^(' o/v4r>'-'n'ir', SvldE lc}jn\wit>'n njin bina wt lltt^i I bvt 
ijuddi^iiuLk wu liac^ ^miy to 'jv tun/ ei^^ Jrwn iv^re and 'jau'U Jatd 



^ M>'iA iLti^u ifor mA^KiilfMi) itpo mea'titm* ^ auiii«tijni.i>i Hud. 
■JTitf BKj^reMimi kurK^ hi ittwin U»4n,*]TJot.ii bj Spitu. might h* 
uflod o^'oUAdly ov«u bv a biitirti, but It vlhjulul u^t l-e uuitatML 

> But sctf S 3l'C, iMt^ 



THE ADJECTIVK 



Ul 



THIS ADJEOTm 

J 31S. It haa been ae^ti in the uctiilouce Uut atttiliutive 

liii-Lclei belug re^^^tteil wbtL the UitU^r ore definite, jib n>i^^ 

but to naggftr ahi^ir ^^f- ccu'po^er (m) rzferer. 

I 316. The orljectdro, whethor fitti-ibuUvo or predicate, agTeee 
oa iL gpneral rule ia gf^nder and numbGr nitli lit suVistADtiye, 
■ewriliui tt^vib; it rggil ^aiyib; il imira f^yiha; ir riggik, in 

j^ 317> Aa Tu]je«:Uvo* uod piirlu;jjjEe« bav« no duaJ form, bhey 
must be ^ihioAd in rJin pliiiiil when qiuklii^'ing duAl Aub^tAQtivefi, as 
irvagiCu ^ijibic ; h&gUn tuafhumta infth !/nJt{iaare tnifUifftbU, 

% 3ltJ, Au AdJ4N)tiTc qui^lifying & plural aubetftiitiTo ia, how- 
ever, very frbqueuUy \i\x\. hi tLu ftiumiuo aii^^ular, eiipeci&lly 
wbi^n thj^ phirftl is Ji bn>ben on& or onda in di, as 11 kb^l (1 hiL(tAla 
il kihiiiL ; viiilfLQu ^Jknila his eart arr tmuj - f ulii^ ^^lil^lyila Ittth 
nuflififf; a kilkh leb sk^'riLnA ihf^ utofl ihfj»; uud Lktijirlya old 
f)tnifjl«; D kiuibU lJ qiLiJiuifi; ia i^iir^b 'ul^tv th/^ £f\tjt are itujh; a 
rig^illk iiiitrtLttil.1" *a|u, ^fdf thf^ wen ort orrant^i in roiiv ; in 
tUi^Wu il miatukhdium Hindi t/itt carf'eiUerf ^mphyvii ai jny 
/ioUcv. Uh aliiiwiehiytt U bft^^fipiln i* fiurijft the tiecrel jmhrr cun- 
glai/lejs. Hpteff ; \ri &.i\a[ai i{ \alytiilyrL liolnirt taituft ; il niJiZiAbfH illl 
muhbi'lan ini'u {he f/rU'rrmrt tuip}tn.^ifMi fintft htffi; in uiswuTi i\ 
tavpila the tall itf^mt^ ; U ^ookiLr L^ flidiiujA On tiofidaiic^j truOfnf^ 
diJ {rwfurrxng Uta plurtJ flub.HtimtiTe) fiuotiwijii ili'ji'e ar/^ /VsH^rA. 

Semakh.^Il neiLtly uU of Una libiive «xiim|ili^H thfi odjeeti^e 
migbt uJ^i be put in Uhd pIlitiUt atid V9 might eay i^ un^iUiU 
'aljlii, kbi'l kutur, widAiiu ^wiU^ Sic^ ax\d g<dti&^Uy wouU any 
in ibigg/mik midbiikbdiuiTu, U mtihubta ULi mJilibOi^tii iiLi'^Aht The 
only rubT^ tli&t ulu b» Liiil down fui' Uiu loLrnar'H gujihiitce are 
the fgJlowiug r — 

(a) Porf(M:t plim^Q, especially tho% iu irit aad plunJ eubutaii- 
tJvea dtiuut>iiig buEoaa bciii^fi, ustttdiy ha^o Lbeii- hdjoutivo in the 
plural. 

{{i) Brokaa plunUE, uu1«gs tbey deuote hiuQiUt beinga, uwwxiiy 
have thvir ikdjci'tive in tho feminiue gio^uliu:. 

{r\ AiljtictivL'ji eiuUiig in t rarely a^ue ui uumboi' with n 
plimu Aub^taDtive^ iirtl^&^ it t^nd^ iu fn. 

It f«>]low3 that IcttAbnt kub^ ia mor^ Ufiunl than kitdb£t 
kehSrUf and kulub kcbitji more iiE^uid tbjLn Liitub kubdr, /ind tLat 
we blujuld oAy msv-iwi kub^' ^luujiJ ^ui ^ttJiiuUC) in pi'dfefUtLU« uj 
niswAn kiblm gaIatlA^ 



343 



TflE SrOKEN -Ut\BIO OF EGYPT 



g3]f). A noTUk in xlie diinl occasioTULlly ban its ndjectiva ia 
th^ feraiDiue sioguUri uiid thU evun (especmily if tlie adjective 
ejtdrt in () when espr^fssiog an ammato object, as ^^nfh ^uybaiyru-ii, 
Uiunm, luewalJa'a hit eyes ari^ nmo^it rsd, durtijur jirf ^ biDt^ni 
n^Wn, Uilvjlriijn t\roftfilianifirh, men- ir t'ji^Ud U raiatakhdim» 
*Diid1» U \ta^'-n rnnfh^ma [hotlav m^etukhdiuitii, mufbOmlxi], 

g 321)^ Aitboii;ib tb* canlimil Eumeralj* above beuftre followed 
by a substflutlvw ii* tbt) siogubtr, vet the adjet'CHiTe quH.Ufviii|^ bh^ 
*uhs™.nu\> will bw io the plnr^l (or faminiiio MnynW), a* 
«"bfliiti»bftr vifii ^ftiyiUn (or titiyiba) /"pw^i^^fl jood tutm ; 'i^hrtn 
'i]b& QUgbiuyui'u (or ^u^hiiiyjuin) tuit^nt'j email /kox* .- mlt maq^j^ 
mfilyfiiia {or mUyJl[ilii) a hufidred /nil bii»kd». Sunilurly vith 
th« word kiuu, a» kan fib kmn darwli^fa maqt^lfn (or miiqtOliL)? 
hi?v> manff d&viAkist v>ffr& tfi'yriy kiti&tf il kikui iJEii^wiati iJ borbln 
f^ /tfrr lyiOTftiJUa thc^ <pi O'raf/. But whi?i'e tbe tubttantive w 
(or inigbT- br) in tlje sin^jlar in uny istsw, Un^firljwtWfl iiuiyii4^**« 
witph it, iLa itniflbzLT gin^b cii^urt mirq^idilini ttei^r-e JC/p/ptioit 
p&uwie paid in tuh^ancc, far wu might ulso say 'jtshnra gin^^hH 

§321. Nouns of multitude are genvrnllyquikJiSed by jvdj^ctiviM 
in tbe pluiitl, lis il gnmjl'a ilul 7.n'1&n[n minnl fline ji^'ftlQ an 
an^iftpith irtfl,'gtHtiia^(forgirftonfl) wlfikhiTi (orwiakiifl) it*i hap« 
dirtfj ntnyltlf'iteri. 8o oMo dJ6 the words p>huw«iyn uuJ hnbbft d 
tJTtall qitanlity (lit. a ifraiti)^ ba inh bbuvh^iiyii; it tibuv dAl luzuiln ? 
are ihrae /err h^tn *'f ^traw tpanteilf U hiibbit irrnddA, illi nmu^Adlji 
'uuitnk fhs Utrif Iran f^ou have in your hoiife- biit the ndj^ttive 
3omi>titii«A of^rctifl, OS hat abundiyibt babbit, moi3U udlfa tnn<j u 
Unrp trf rltso-n wiifcr. 

3 32'2. Cotlvctin» nonns, on the contrary, ure n^^ vitb & 
ffin^l^iT odjectivv, PxcMjpt in eomo coaes when tbi^y deniite m 
imuiber of huoif^D brings* oa il ^hiuiam, il lju(|ur, il kuwuiua^; 
tl wi^mq il abym) \ il glitjci;' (but better il ghiifim) l1 kAftAlln AiA 

fhrjw htul Ttltrhnim. 

KkhakK, — Adjoctivoa ouding in C vwv fi'oc|nently tpmaJn 
tinch&n^pil whi^tber the aub^tdiitivc bo in the feminiuD siiJuEuhkr 
\}r in tk>f (ilinul. Tbis is (uirUcutLirly tbe eiuu: — 

(a) Whrn ttie iiflje<-t]Vi^ L^ i4o eloiivly n?nn<^tc«i xritb ite aob- 
«tAnliv*t tliAt tb<; litrtwa is littil on ono aA mucb vt on tbo ulboTi 
bho trwu lUnitiEit forming (irie n^ord. 

(?j) WbiiTP tlie ttiJjmMi^'*? I'lprvxMW th* mattiiAl of wbinb tbo 
^abject U miiiie, or tho rountry nf iu origui, at % ola» of poroaa 
QP lbtii|;a to wbi4>b IT. Wlongv. 



^ That b, furmivni/iiij;*;, Tbo ivtli^ctivv u in ronrmrd viLb 

thoidM. 



THE ADJECTIVE 



»3 



{A Wlien the niljective U a fart^ign wonf, 

('/) WLtfii it mtiy te traunluW tv ran ridvtfrb, 

{q Wb«o the Ribstaattve ift indi^fimle. 

£.rj^ ba^llkhn ^t (mrelji (k^'ljn) a mtumirr mehn {i.e. tme o/it 
niinn^ fro/'); titka. 'umOotE a puhhc nxui, thoriiu^/h/art> ; 'lufikii', 
^^[UJk, Hiiudil cavafrif, riding louU : U Lviilla 1 mulkl ihti i-iv%t 
i-tfHum- . lU^ld slmraii frnjely sliui^tjlv*) dn^'.i (uit^^u-rii'/) laud ; 
man4iulr qnti&jTbl hn tacks, emiiU iituh : tjafiilwl pJiKlijlrl rvffr^^ 
Imiuivii, ftrp/TTVH, krf'i ifj'f" iiU niijhi ; is eUiIul \ taavil! tftt Mirai'jht 
roa/f ; nikka Hoi^al hi'jh-rvifi ; ^a^e. naffodi a tan/' vH/f an 'jut- 
t^. , 'ut-riblya miilirikt jirn-rt/f? rarriuye/ bloAya buylnl^wlIM lii/h 
ami pttutr^ build iu'j ; *unilft bftirflnl (opimsioDJLJly Iftnfiniyn) }t*ut 
muwt/ ; lahniii d&nf, baqiui tJiutforij btff; ^nlya htjunbOil 
(iatiuiibflli) a ifai/ from ContlanJinople i i^huo, i^bi\q, ^Uil rhiua 
[AVAcd, jitiifat; fulQa '^Lrabl Arab jHuney ; nj'gliiFa IjnltidJ, 'orab! 
naluVy Arah^ fifirff ; dura shfimt ^^fnan vtanf; itniiii gin^h mofii 
X- K. j^/ luitig* *Jiriibl f\n Arab almanack : il iiinoa 1 wnlihabi 
W<i^ifitii"y henna : kHma ^i*\dl tttcoriiuj^ in L^pjKr Hfrypf ; i* «kwrjt 
il 'iWuiaUl Tur/.tVi */f(iiJ(/«i*/ rig^Ahi hiudi Jmliaiif; bunduqlja 
f&njLhl a ijtiTi stifh ru fhs ji^cuaMft fi^ , ^o^mu, qiim^n^ h&rimt 
temn&ifghoes, shi/tg/ biililm riggrUl men's c/olhvt ; pull^bf^n hftHrj, 
gboKlf u #[7^, jrpu'i ^iVA, iTiTuri , hAg&t, t^uAT, werdiDiirl r^niiqan', 
M^coiui-rlaa artirlth ; bundiiqlya mtrl ' fjjWH fti/ipUM htj ihs Got^an- 
Tti*nt ; linlcriii Sitki-a ioglt^l ; IiklHiI iria ffjqAnl tiihtAnt I found ihit 
rooni ti/jiuiti 'ioif"; kiluja tiiTi a s^^t^V, f/i'iraf-^f vv?i-iJ , it^iiii&-t 
bi hA^ii kbuftfi / felt a slt'jUt v^n^aticn ; bmit Adiun ktivali, mn 
jri^hlibCi&b ' illu ) uiut ' iltf j^/riH o//1</i2/jl 07¥ iniij^J/i/'f. iiifthint/ but 

ItEUAiic— The adjective remauie uinihuuped Bvon wb&n the 
fliib^taDtive lA aot i''Kpi-eSi^F>d, a& Lr rOiul dul mjUii 1 bjLl;(U kulUJiA 
tliote /vrtii^i {if'iiin, Jii/^l ^fH-htLit \tj) hitttjUl^i fJif irhnh^ fijuw, 

§ 323. Wbeu tie jijjective dop* not fnJI iirnL^i' '>ii* of thu 
tfcboVB bcndt it will gouoi'allv ftp'iw with the auUiitantivo, autl 
thifl iDa^ alfln b.-^iijt^^n. whtii. alttn^iigb it belon^a to on© of th* 
kdiove hiwlri, ^v^ivt Atr^tiT^ iu liki'l uu it. or. nt IcMut, j^p^it^^r titreBft 

^ Bull lUiuu bugl]iludl!yu i/ irrn/tan Jrtftii litP_jifatL 
' Froni Arn-bi^ nmir, borroweJ by tbe Turks and retiirueil to 
tbo lan^Uifcpi in ita truncatod form. 

* Note tbot tlip i;iii|»uhir vcrhtil suffii is L»*r^ ijsr-.l, liani AJmu 
lug r*!gitrilp(i a^ a mllt^ttivH. Kani in ii'stnl in a fpw PK|)re*- 

dobb for buTjfi, the literfU'y oonatnu^t phir, of ibo, 

* Tho hkut three GKuiapLefl do t^ot fuU under aqj of tlie abov« 



BU 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



than on the Qubi^tontive, and com^^uootly wh&n it ia a predicate 
Fui'tber, adjectirea eodlDg in dnt nod thoee wbicL ura derlvod 
fri^m aJverbs or pr^ipofiitioDfi, ae quddAml /iV'nt, mvnricLbly 
agr^e; and lnj^tly, a'Iji>eUv«« d^aotlDg natiomilitivs iLgroo tt'Itll 
ft femiDino siilrdtaDtiv-o denoting aa onim^hT^^ i^bj^b.' E.^. tr 
rij^il kui HrUu'un Mikru io^lbiju ktlr q&H 1 ; il kiluin klui% 
flurlyn. ; ia aikka d1 'amflmi^ik ? li ttiis a fliarovi^J^tirf f if tab inh 
flhabLLbilc U fui]aiU}'a (or il fiViunl^tcj oi-en fhe tvp tciniSortv ; il 
hu^i^u biyjL^m^ bi ri^lu 1 quddAmlya, I waiutiiya Ihi^ horav in larwt 
in Cite fvK, hind, ff^^l ; )lkilmi^]akhniD\ya the itist •anjnt; in uAa 11 
fulAiilyn ituch ami au£h people ; il *ajikar is flfldjlDtyji tfm Sowianmt 
hfXipB i in niU U fransiiwlya wi t tulyiinlyti ^>^37i£-/» and /ttUiam 
pisoplf ; Wfthdn irtglhlja an Ea-jltsh iCOfnan. 

g 324- Adjet^livH» duDctiiLi; lUibLou&llLii^s alwaya «*]id in t, 
but Id pi lica of tb«ii tb«i coLlivtivd tioiui ijt UMt<<1 in mnny dr- 
cumatuivi-b. Tlia tollowtaj;^ exiitupLoB urc givi^u for the lunraer^a 
((uiiiDce, tLA moro i^ependfl on cuatom tluui lo^o oj^ finiJogj; 
IiuibAii tarkE ; nKkra,fiLrji$tiLirk!ya: iii^il Lui^k, turkl (iir Leu'IeIwI); 
kh<^l tm-ki {or turk) ; nifi tark ; bfiflhawat turk (or tiirk^ ) ^ ir ritfl 
da turk; kufjln inglUf; ktiil inj^lUi (moi-a rordy khol, hruulr, 
inglk, aad cKxiaeioaoIly khr;l» (:L;<t^, LitgliEl}~a) ; kluyfll uigUiI/ft; 
miLra ingUztya; uAjHp iiiawiLii higlt^; nl^il ifrung a £ufi^J«vni; 
milOkifmng; kholifraDg; muj'a, fuui, ifran^lyiL; hti^n *Agwii| 
a Ptreian /torge; klif4 'ugoiat (or 'a^Aia) ; ntiurb ^n^famlyUt nifl 
'ng'UQ ; ir rigil dit 'iLg&ml ; tci^'il. bu^u, sluirkaHt n Ci^-'iMitiTt, tt 
Cirf;2tisian horm^ ; oi^ini, f&m^, F^lmrkikslya ; nna >ihuinkuL ; klv41 
«haik/i9 (or tiiioruksa) ; kMyi^l almrlcaalyn (or Ahiu-iikEn) ; Hlgi] 
hiudi (nu-cly hind) ari Irviian ; ri^jj^jilji, li;'ia£utV4Ur liiiui (tujvr 
faiikd!) ; mnitu liin'Uya; iiun^u biuJt_>iL (or hiEid)^ rl^il 'aiiili (nr 
*&mbl); Ibud *iirnb; miuii hiubl jii : ndAj niswio, 'jirnh (or ^urViAn); 
kilCib 'iirtib; r&gii bajiwi a SSr^hm-ip^ ; ri^gib, niswun, bidw; 

kLiil lunf^^^ rA^U axiLU'Qt (or ariuk'fltl) fin Alhauian : fmif, 
tn9S%, aniii"fl.l1j'ii. kh^l JUTxa'fl^ (or ll^llft*fl^I) ; khiydl arna'QttjPa ; 
Eiika aratilu; rAgil niioMwt an Aiffrian {i>r (i&nrian) i mwib, 

* Hut wif Bfty foikLd rimil (of nudll) fl turkr;/, Whoro the 
flub«taiitLVv i» Jt broken plurnl it vrill fDmotiiii^s i-ma&Ln un- 
clkAiLgMd, lui ill ia mwAi* il 'iifinwlll xUivu- U jhw;It» A 'u^iiialltja 
ma/ hbo bo i^a<ul, am) iiboiild ho whflro tl^wo iii thf ]«uit 
Qntpknu«t ii«t for instAiioo, if a dintitiotioQ vrofo bMi^ maio 
betWcfto Arabii and Ti^rkfl, 

' Thu ndjiMlivo form lb rurotj^ uaed. We mi^hb my jIa wt^ld 
uuf^, but m»gar wuiiid bo avuit eoirvcL 



THE ADJECTI\'E 



SAD 



nimnlu'lyit ; ^ rhgiX. >ii]k|Aii, ^ilyAiiI; umrn \;\\y{iitU-i\', riggUn, hAa, 
(iilyftuU'tt; rAgil iuiU:»kfln (oMrrftliJtftal) an A'" fTf '^rm; TlA«iD&hkAli 
(or iniiliJeAaljn) ; r/ipil, hn^An, rOini a </j-.fiA', (/rt^A: /i^Ji-te ; hulto. 

grfglj'a for grtgi)^ iiSi* ipHg (rr ijidglj ; lihUikht StiAfwwKj"; 
ragil sliilikht {or Hbilikht!) ; mam ^blEkhttyn^ 

§32!). KcdTr ntwh '\e g€-n^val\y tim^hangcd, but tho plUTOl 
kuUlr ia 6om!*timp8 heard, MpecklJj irlifn auiuiaUi obJT*cU nrv 
Bpok«n of, as nils kiitar i^ian^ jtetifh^ thi> fcmmine k^^tim rArelj ; 
we umy eay kal lu •iyil ketir, kutir, or kotiro, but tlie tirwt i* 
tho iDoat uBUtLl, Kutilr iiapliee a greater uunibtir tbjin ketlr. 

EJ 3'^C. Tbi^fulIowiug^al»outiimJlyTem2UUujic]ui[igf<], e^spt^cbJl; 
when the siibstAntive is iDilefinito : — - 



ftg-hOJ- 


ilaif-Niii'I 


q/ibir barl,aliand(mfd. 


b&ligt 


vmmaffi'ahls 


qa-Ui, qulairil iiftle 


Jiri- 


cttrrenl 


inidrig tnarriti^aabh 


taciiil 


prvjnant 


migwiL double* 


nJIm 


sound 


EDuMd single 


•agOi 


old 





Kg. nifi qulrdyU {occa-BiocAllj* qtilaijila or qul&iyiltn) ; maju 
'«$&£, but i1 mam I 'a^^^a dl; biube hiVxgh (rju^el^ b^jfha); 
tili'iift AiUdi (tx^csi^miiitlly ^LilAm nr rnlmfn) tj^ riiii/'^. tmt sajf riTi/l 
nonml ; 'ec^h «g-hftr (ftl»o guhr); il hAgu d\ <|ttli] //Jt* ii a fifth 
tftinj (moro corroot tb&a q&lilft) ; marft qiiiiir (rftrolj qr^hra) ; 
Kilma ditng (lesa usuii]]^ dar^a) a uvirrf in comJU'Jti nee, but il 
logliii. ci clurgn tii& ftJlt-ijititiL Irniijvajf. 

In thti vxirwi&iori IvIUkk B,vldiL the n ie often burely audible. 

% 3f7. Wahid tniLy be ueed in tbc most'oline in the esprea- 
fliotia 18 sA'ii wjihid *7 «i <rt*e o'dtKl\ nJmiit wflhii rfFij^/^r tww. 
*i»bHii, tfclatiti, At\p ilU nflljM j^^w im/-, idthotigh th** objei.^ 
foffJiT^ tfi iLrti r^njitiine, Ati *utart khamsin ittu nfdnd J rjui 
ihirtf! /arti nnti. In ijth<*f c*aJifu it eh^iuld itpTOO with its Bub- 
vtibntive whvth<^r imcd its n niJiui.niii or tha indi-fluiti' ^krlii-le." 

^ 32S- An luijeftiv!* or piU"t.ipijils ofttn rpm^iin^ iiEirhiLrgcd 
vhon it ifl tiBed in a n^utt-r ai^jiHt-. agiv^mp rathQr with ihu idea 
Cohtl^v^ by tho wbob ttont^'uue thun wiiU tbo aubeUmtivo ivhich 



^ Tbe pluTfiJ^ uim&jjwirtn, ^ySni^la, aro not frdijueatly Used, 
iuglUiyln, rflmiyiU) Ac., lire Pdver beard, 

^ But blot.* migwiiQ a maniti/jfublf jyiW. 

• Occa-ftionftlly eron n nativo *ill te/ careletMly «^ahid biat, 
vrtbid lomda, drc>, but auch oxpresaio&a are not tu be iuiibibod- 



346 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OP EGYPT 



it sbouliJ qiiftlLf J, or when it ia uaeJ adi-erbiiilly, b.» tilit* tei>'ib 
[or tfliyiWr) thref't fU^ righf, il lnLlikrJ illi ntJL rflyihJio telrfln nii»- 
tab^iwl (or bi*ld) *altk, J,e> ii vfiU fi^ too ftxr i'lr yxm io /jo io th^ 
viliii'jc y-u *ire niaJcn'j jcr (but il mjLSJtfa bi'ida) i iir^LilJill uiik 
gliPT ma^n'ld. La. infih: yoHrnA/ tit ittet withtmt /t>ar t>f Uipfj iwni 
mta^ ; kWUtfl liiga mttyaasar kede / 'jot sfvidhin'j lehifJi jmi 
mfl in coBtj cirenituifiinf^'iF^ but hiifca niity&aawru n tntnf'tri- 
Me miTit ; nih £1 mftnqof we iiaq<ii ki ^jvrablya ohaau il moUgAd 
t/o tn thi.' r/an/l ivi'i rhu'it^. me a rarria^i^ — -(he hist 11/ eii/rriiihii9ff 
there; 'andjiik ninabflt ' ( =Ta fld^it ] majbO^a) ? harv ytu th/r right 
lirrtf? q»I lul»i»in mttbrflkA<' ctmjn^Utiuf'nl ihim ; \iVyx laboh^or (or 
•nih».\\\\^-U\) Iht'it n-'^iii nietii/ tovisrds tht north; qjjiil Ibifc bfiH U 
kiirnl ; f^Alit II (juyib hidir 1 said to /iw. Bring tirf arhnir, and tth* 
/•fU^. AH riffhJ, lit. (/ am) mcuiy ; ini^hyii oic^iibbU the\/ wta* 
fiotUh; isbtJin'tbiira rikb1»(ornikbil9)/^>vyJj^ tht-m th'Uff ; LnltihA 
wAt^ { = luilU> iitifrtu Bii^yu'l he hchaurii mmir-'Ut/ ; mijsblp Uiii ftith 
maugM wuh fui-fLflh mn flsn miiiigf\d /?fer<r z> neither a eirmff nor 

^329. B(?tdV wilJ ofboD be ueed in tbe masonlino eingtOjU' 
(with e, tem'mme or pbirul siihsta&tive* a) when it ineatis/rTf ikjt 
fcjie fi/, in Mphkrh i^aae iLe twu ^fi^bstiiTitives wbich it oonn*»ft* will 
(<.'«pecijLUy if bbo eocoad t«iadofin]to)formacompounJuiii!t^]iBb, 
it* bit il Uiudft bi^lA' i^ »Al[i brCji^ tfw draiciii^rot'tti lamp . il higA 
i\\ betA '(ur beti'it) Wtift ; it ^liiirm botfl.' Inian" a t-i'fft^t-itiiU : Hiid 
i, oficftsionnlly whod th? firut ia indp€niti>, ju tilflhjjt beta' nhftvifc 
Itook* 0/ ?N^ father, 

Rehabk, — The mflsculiae will 9u»rietinie« b^ biMrrl inei^wlj 
in oih(!r csftsfls, but thin \a »n »rror r'^niv^Onnt to t]i(> nitd of tbn 
tniificuliike of the Fi'^nch past pLU-ticiple mth u ri'lntivi^ pri>nDi]TL 
referrinj^ in tbe obliqui^ cax^ to a femiDiiitr sult^tubUvc, which 
may poM in n, Freui^tman. but in d forei^iiQt wunM W uttn- 
buteil to ignorancw. Thb rorstnitiion wil! p08»ibly l»*«"i.»int' jiiori^ 
common in a latsr d&v«lo[tEaGiLt of tbt> lunguofife, 

J 330, Lafft]^, wben ati ailjV-ttivo preccioe itB subvtitfltiTO, 
wbetb^' iM an Attnbativo ur jt |jr(.-Uinatu. il; ginienkll^r tJitdcrgOM 
ILU L'luiii^»tiu4 jiuwil, tdril^ tAlrt, ]^1a ; * gaintL II lamchk I y/71^ tainjm * ' 
lifitt fidil khfliaaBUUliui- jt'iui there are 4ltU rerntii^iR'j fiftftrt 'i-i^ i 
kftD nUUffOd &u b«t|r lA^rr.' (?«-? pr^t'-nt many p^ph ; kuttr Iii*m 
many a time . hku maxa^i^ *iLlt'h ligl uikui there tJ-tfj drlintaltgl 

* Couip. Ujb ubo of iH^utf ia Fr, and such pbnaM u pami 



THE ADJEfJTIVE 



347 



jitAfi of tf'f fjfir\if^t nil tfiu^iyer: laimnJi bfiflft i do ifon. ii-tiat ahj- 
thin'j^ i\ Wiitx-hfiiii ' wnMiti jui/'f'jriii-t'-'i ynoUier ; iTrt kan maij|riiil 
'anil u] I (JUL l.u'i^it 1/ th'-tj hmi iiii^ihtH'f <cith ihaif , Hh Tu'iqiA wilIjiLa, 
bul flh wtUiilib mu^ta thv/t is tmn (f.) tni&i'ii<j ; kait b \ut '{lIiIiudi 

pri'Cittiun} ; lU^Wuk (or lauLidiukJ -al'A^ il woalfa ttyjrffra/ulitficvrjf 
vn fjinir (itew) poof , kuiruiyU (or kuwni^i«L) utiniiu 1 nmri^'adi ii 

l^-imbuui 'm-iil>l>a, dcu. ; but genei-oU v l&^inia l.'Oga. dqu^Il ]&£mLd 
'ariiblya, Ac. 

Rt:iijLUK b. — Wb<>r(^ iIlu ptLrlaapU' pr^i'odoA iU Bi^ibstaDtive, 
umi is ikL^compuiLi^d by tho ili-<lirjitu lu-ticli^. tukinc tixi plucu of 
tlit^ I'LOatiVD |iix)Tiuuit. it nLcuU \k lu Eout^ui^lf "^ u bet illl &ikDa 
fih nkbti iAfi /iJ>r^>'/' in 'f/urh rn^ ynhT rfjndtfJi. 

RUMtitK r,— Tbfi piiTtir?i(ilp Ikityin (bijin) is eoruetimes ueerl 
udvi rbJtiiJy and iTn|rorfioiuiiLy, and at othcra pei^AOEmUy, uad l^ 
iu Lliti l»lt(?r c»tie in concord with ihf euhstuuilv&y^ as inia b^yiu 
■aijfiii ("r int** *myAn bt^vin) ifou ai-e s^mini^ty illj yon are Ht 
o^'ptii^ntli/ ; iiitl hi^yin 'alukl IcIulm^u (or bi^yizia 'B.\vk\ kbiissib) ^au 
aji/ioir to 6fi ifetiing tfiin : ao bujia Stb'lmm 'uiyauiii (or btijiulu 
'iii*Anln)» ito, ; is ^i'lt 'aslmrii Ijcyiu it iJi Un o'cUjck, \l n-ems. 

Uemakk d. — TLe wunl rikbur. or le™ fr^uectly Ukbiir ^fof 
i] Akhur), muj ofl«n be truu.Hlnted by itUo^ but it nlw^LVti ogj ot*fi 
witb tbe lioim or pionoua tu whioii it refers, as blyi* rukluu 9hc 
aim; iiitfi ^mym iiikkrlti ? uj'« ^r^ii rommy tool* 

J 331, Au iwJjtit'tivu or pui-tudj-iJo miiy be aW ai 11 aub- 
^ itivo, aa it ^"Jl y^t^il '^'f '^^^^ c=3" r^iitA ; i\ t^drin //c .^4? ifA-* 
(WTT(aE'/i?)^;rj''Nr . i\ imtnliiil ^lild the Tiete bum ; i) tolrl ^Ae^otYTft- 
fHffli ," dai'ttb U I *ili fie drr-d hi'jh afAivc; ujityastnu LmliUi n few 
tititfi ; W kjbir- hutuhlium //*eir chi^f; kubilv ill ims ^'-f j;rc«( (</ 
f/ii*! pii>ji!G. ifte ijrtrtndifax ; U m^'JiiiD the tiiip-j fmmci'. upd^rtdood ; 
ini'Ui ijtjni;;^ild, uiityiifistLr It fm^ -jot irienit*; meqftuwtua a *wi>fi ,- 
i( t^^^iVA th'> fi!ff"Tji {tui: il }/ukuiiu^ X l^^^y)? TsJatlya hitflffiUr- 
Of^frji ; innfibi'iibAl Ihiriffn dntukj f^^iei^/ei ; il bfirji //»' reiitattuirr ; 
mHktflb a Jt/fw, il b^^uWyi-; *?l'4^ / il wfihid /^tp (y/ir, ic. 

S 3'Ji- An ujjeutivo 16 not untvmnioiily used in tUb wa)' 
witb UiP ;>rftH.i»^ti<ni hujj foJInwiii^ nuJ seiwuiiug it friJtu tbo 



' But aI«o marhQmn- 

^ Uomp. the oaa of Sjj^uv und ^^nnpif in lUJCidQt iii&ok, 

' Gomp. ivu* aafrt-fl aodf «iy/mjr ^^ ymy 



348 



THE SPOKES AR-\BIC OF EGYPT 



KuWtvLJitive, ao l-liAt we hnTe two eubsta-tittvefl, oae of tlieai in 
ihe posidion of Ji pnttiUre ppnitiven inritwul of the rwljivtiT* 
in GODconl with its Kub«U&tir^, db il wishhTc mia in n&g d$riy 
pf-ffph ; iah Ehutt/fcr min il khtuj-ftltn f^CT.'f fmhra ,- kftir miu in 
uiswlti yi^iuflu kttJe 7na;i»/ rjT>j7i?« do to. 

§ 333. An fidJBet[y« *]iiii.lif_ving two or more <»nhsibinM»PH rotij', 
U in English, be ropEated with &ich or ploceri ia tbe plflrrL^ wi 
IT rUfpl it V^iyib vi 1 wala/I i^ tu-i^ib glim or ir rX^U wi \ wiUad 
U tai>ibtri gum f'/e p'rfid mim nrni thr </\fini trtiiu orfhefji^id manamt 
hrti/, hitrt? roma ; ir ril^il il bnTtill wi 1 mnrn 1 Imniiln (nr ir rfi^l wi 
1 mora I bji^^illD); leLmilELJ-ly, irrilgil trtijib wi I woiji^ ^aiyib {irr 
ir ri^ wi I wiilod tjuyiWn) ^fte mrtn m ^ood and iht horj io ijood, or 
the vo^n and I,<ry are gittut, &x^. 

g 334^ Wteti, on thn potitrftry, one eiiliEitAntivft ifl qimlifiod 
hy differect attiibuti^e o^jectiveE, tb^y will be pliioi>d aft<v 
it witlroTit being conowtol b^ the copuJutlvQ conjiiT)cbion, and 
Ixjtrli wiil lake iJie iirticle when tbe eubf^tikDtive \& doGuiti«, at 
[■ft^il tiiwfl mfrkiyiL* a Utfi Itiin mnn , IjiigAt wjirdinfiii rikhJ^ 
floinm/iTi cheap ihitt'jg; il rnvjituii dtri il fuqi^rcil mAeiukSii th&mito^ 
poor vyiTt^hed uwmcn. 

1 33^3. TliB predicate adjfirtiTe in this cam will not hmm- 
mrily b^ c7otir«(:t^ by tbo coptilatlTo unlMi their Ckt^iLniags ar^ 
quito dUtincti ilb ia nisw&n d&l fuqikra mfifiAkTn (or fuqajn a 
auweAkto) th-^sf women arepoor and wr^icfied ; il kitftblt kiUrs u 
(amra th^ looffs are lartjt^ awi trffim. 

RKVMtt.'^Jt will have be^n observed thiib the oopiiU (or 
aobatAntivfl vcirb) id oob cipreeaod between mibjwt liml priMii- 
cabe, jit loiAt ID nffinDJitiTc 6e<atenci^a, when the fart iitAti*<1 has 
reft^rtiuou to tJie imme'luLtt.' or GontinEioiia prefii>T]t- tr rduU 
yt^lcuQ (O-iyib meana the man \n'tl bUf or ^atf Ir-, ffffod. 

I 330, Adjeotivi>R^ as we have Aur^Tk, ate xviy Frpqu^itJy 
luied »dverbUIIy. or ratbi?r they ure tui'iiT?d into aihvr^*, Icmic^ 
in moflt ctiAi^n Lhpur powpr nf inflection, »« hiiwu • ■■ '11^ 

Ulyii 'aiyiiia gidid, hvuuiuiv 'aijilnlu ^dM hr, nhf^ in >' • v 

itrt ill Of/ain ; turdjiu kitjf p^'-t^, ttKi.futf , Uibir jj^wf rp-rT/ b\*j ; u 
1)[lf&u miAbi bildl tfitf tu^rte vmC ipiii^tixj ; luiii liibifi u}i_Vrtr1 ^ tfur 
drtMMed iri rf/nfi ; t*iyib '. ipi-f!, ^ao-t .' iiuwil trwf^i.dir,-\-fly F r^xmr ; 

i'milda ftiiwJ^/'>^ftiV^rjrf;flawiliQbflriJ^(f<ipabaril>)v''f''-'''!;; «• 
T^eb UjjE '/■>')'' 4^?''^B r^^, Jrc,; mm binA u tiUi^ {la- riiyih) hierc^- 
/t^rthj aart£sltA}fi\^^iw.*^S:ll^^twohounihffnmdtwohm^Mt'aek^ 



COMPAHISON OF ADJECTTTKS 



349 



COMPARISON OF ADJTICnVEa 

% 3J7- Wlier the adjwtive do*B not take the eompflmtiff^ 

form (ho0 i 47) it of coureo ogroeH in geiid<?T and tiunibtir with 
the subflbuittrei as hfya. kbtra 'aunl ^/r^ u f^/t^er Ma>t I, butmuii 

§ 33S. Tbere aj*ft two cftsea apart from the obovo oojiHtriiction 
whon the nHjcHitivt* romfiiofl in the positive, vxb t— 

(a) Wbure it is ur^od absoluCel; ileaotirg eAt^i'Ss, eu il faUa 
dt qof&ijaja vaJla tflmATw ! it Ihia pU^ of Atrinff too shorf or aU 
riffht t mantftlOnak f^wll 'alek yx^r ^router* or* ^^ft Jt»t'j/or ly^U- 

(ft) Whtre the object with which the comparison i'' tnudft is 
umlwratood, aa huwa tbir wallft itta \ ie Im tlte taUer *tr j/on f (i.^* 
hnwTihb^ *anii».kw,il1]i nta tb!r 'annu ?t ; tdId fiku tawll i irhUKnf 
yf»A iff ih^ taitfr J {i.e. "an it tStil) ; aca \ IcLbir ffna / am the M'ieat 

KsiUBii a. — We icaj also aaj ftiift lakbor rtiui> 

RmiABK b. — R^tir vith the d^fioLte oiijcle haa & superlAtiTo 
aeiisQ In iho expror^sion bi I k^tir a£ p/art ; bi 1 nktoi- buora Uio 
aiLiue moanidg, but maj mure often he tranel&ted ^/metxdiif. 

% 330. The quiilitHtLT^ riJjective ih denoted bjr iDfan» of 
ftdverbs cr adverbla] eKpres»ixon^ as Hhann fihowniyEi, kotSr a 
liffh. mwrlij h'Hffr; nkhfU- \\ \a.t^ Jtaon ftciiC a« f>i(f ; and ihe (|uali' 
batiTe fluperlativft by adTorbs, or (but much lew commonlT) by 
tbt« r^peCiliioa of the ptwttive ELiljecbire, as kebli' ketir rcrif b\g ; 
*uyan q*wl i*?ny tit; keblr kebir; tikhlu tikhlo tery fliwk ; SO 
kptit kotir tery tfjry, or tF.?i-y nibn-A ; phuwaiya ahuwniyB- Veiy 
lift/^} In the ^xpreMiona auwil b auwil, ahdan hi 1 &b&LD (or 
O tbi4t.n bi 1 ahmn, or ahitfin bi filii(an),^nff r;/ afl, f-Gtii of afl, tho 
pr^pijiaition hi iDtervenea.^ The eJlvm-b mor»i is oxprea&i^I hj 
xiyAdrLi OA boyiahrab ziyidik micnok (or *aQUJLk) he driniri' more 
than 'jou ; kulle y6m Ktyidji inore oW more ifLtTi/ <f«y. fjt j/rft 
thirnitr, fatter, ^e., evffr^ day may be traosljiti^d by kuUe tniUu 
btkTiiss, bi>yi«mat], ^, 

§310. Wh«^ an object ia rQpr^aatit&d as boing tha most 
promiii^nt of a wholo cI&m, th» uou» deauting the el&aa stnnja 
in the rtikttou vf a gi^nitive to the snpprijttive, ns hnwa ah«an 
in nis A# w /^j* kf ^ of nw;i ; blya al'Au in nifiwun jA« m f ^ Jf«jrf 
a«ur*^ o/ttxfipcn^ 

Rkmauk n. — Tb« cousbmotiua la lie eome if the oloaa is 



^ We tay aIro BhuwiLiyiL ifu^*Hiyarn, ahuAtuya kblro- 
* The coprHcdoQ auwil [or biiiugl) wa]/id ^ / may bo noted 
here. 



SfiO 



THE SFOKlilN ARABIC OF EOVrr 



reFcirr«d tc definitely, an huwa ahs&n II w34d d^l Acr ie iha h^ <ff 
tktm hi^'js. 

Rkmark b, — The wcvd k«b1r oft«n mnAina iu the poeittT« 
in thiiS collection, a& k^blr in nlia ; kobti-it (kebirt) iik iiiawdn ; ir 
r&lfiJ dft mm kntui^ i:th ahuq^v i^/jlV ma» lv orr/? of tin' ^frwlmC o/ 
rn^-iilM.^ Ti^iyitk h[iK a coiupjim-tive seuDf* In the 4^]((ji>#Miton Iiuva 
taivib he tt fteher {tn hvaffhy' 

^ U4 1 - Tht> mtmo Dotiou ifiat a\^ ha d3£|ik-i?j4tej bj^ all ahm>- 
Into aU|ii-j-littiv« fullo^'.'ii im]nedutt<?ly b/ tbi* Jiuun it qiinlifioA, 
Tieitht^r nf iJiHiu Ukking ihv article, a# a^wal walu^l diti /''<r UtUt**i 
Uu/ {of ihff/r) tn t/ng /m& .- iLheati *&ab 'ivtiduk (ur libr^ait *^h ill! 
'iLiiink. or hliaaa qiel fi 1 ■iah UU '^nduk) tha d^f btficvi fjoii ^4tv,- 
luft qiUabe ii^lua Jppk Af^ did/i't nr-iy Ike Uiufi Ikuuj , biya £ ftl^aaQ 

% 34J. Thi^ro ifl Aaraatiniefl n confuaion botw«en tJw iwo 
di'^reta of L-'Qm [hu-idcjii, tht' i^upcfbLtivt^ bviJkj^' t'niployt^ to coin- 
iHkte HH objf'tt to It cluaa to wbit'h it doe-a uob bt-luug, a« lmw» 
libsHi] ikhtrjktti, iislniJi kLwjVtu he u the h'it, the n'ost rtufoify, of 
hit tfP&ihvrg, \,e, ii- jt bettf^, triors rofraily, cvim than hu f^njthim 
(For ikb^jm miu, ahttql ^ftn, ikhw&ta),* W« luny idao any humi 
KljAbii, Ju«Ji4]ji iiJik jj kwtitu, 

§ 34^^ Thd pi^ridiuimL] hliIIit Ah is A^motimeH uttiu^hdrl to 
the stiptirlfttive Vfhva foLluiv'ed immediiboJy by h euttJttuitiVQ, «A 
Luva likLhu-lia r^gil Iv: /<< t/i'^trrtofat of nt*7n ,- adaa^xA, aqulliLK kilnsi 
taUlt quiti luk ili^ let*/ utTd ofthfuc fekuh J tid'Jrrtitnt to j/uu. 

§ ^44. Conkparisun iimy be d^cioti^il by a v^rb foMowod bj 
tbo ^rcpoEitioii ^an, bs buwri yitkalHtu 'i&rnbl 'anukk hd tfroaki 
Artxbu U-Uerthtui you , boddtur *uii il 'ati* hcvaa firlicr than umalt 
Lftiikljlif riiLl'flu 'su wJiljtd fif prffrn/f'-'i, ftmtfhirmf^ //i/ii hit teiu 
tnfrre /iterl Ihtm •^tmt one;* £iil *u.tml A rU «)m^u'u h' h^i^i rrurn 
eouroffc than J. 



^ liuwu mill il kub^ lali sUuqiVy ii aIbu i^i'l. hui tbtf von- 
iitrMi>tion in H niji*"! <»nM. Otbur luJj^^tiv&a ar** Aoniutiui** nmA 
in tho Muuv Why. 4a ^uvil tl miiitgfnlEn thv <iii "n* (i-^ c>t« la/lmt'S 
t^ thote jfrvvrnf, »ud W miky, of (jour^t Auy i\ tAwU mib il 
maiijffdlEu 

• Borrownd, ]i«rbafid, from thu Turkliih fifidiT (pot JoAa 

* Oomp. tbf! (vroek ittium, iuiitnlod by MUuici in " Kjurvvt 
□f biT I>u[ijj|]tprrt, K^T-/' uod Pliiiy'B (biHiio) '^omuiuui doe] 
»>li]Tri bifitfilniD ved ^tinoi ipiuirupMuoi H|ii]ntvliitsiiiiit&** 

' Th» ciotmtntt^tioii i« poHicuuriy votqid^d iritb tb9 TffAi* of 
the ti-atb dvmnl fijnu. 




THE XITMERALS 



251 



% Z4B. Arlvot>La cnay bo objects at compaiiaori* as hintk dksan 
mill htfuilik ii is Ifcffm' hert ffion there - or one of the objpctB may 
1i« £Ln lA'Ki dL^iiotoil hy a vorlq^l aent^acBi, ha hiiwib ahHiiii mfm rmi 
(miD EEiu) kikn 'amiifLuwil (or plliplii^ll^ niii 'jkmnjkitwij) ^ u 
Itficr fh'tfi fw teae Stint yittr {than last y^ar) ; hiya I'liliiiya'a miiu 
mu kilikit fihe IK Ihinuffr than th* wag : buwa aLsiu mitatiiii kdu 

§ 11-1(L lUH^^ thin that (with a vorb FoUowiiig) ifl expresBuJ hy 
absai; miix inn (or jnua mii) or, with jlh eUipoe ol the niin, aliJ«in 
mn, lu d& aliKiii iiii^ inniiiu. nrilh ^audu ^Arj^ ij» 6«^f;r than that 
w ithtmid (fft tii hii^ hoMgfi ; il radt ahsAR miiumn n'i^h k^ilo death 
it bifitsr thfin that u'ld titottid liv& tha* i &haAD ma nmilt bl I gU* 
i^rr iTft^w ^^4(1^ ^i jrfi r/i^ ti/ ftyntfpr. In rendering tb© es- 
prt'ssion ^^f'T Iff-^tlnn to we maj employ tbe aorist rtidljoat a 
conjuut^tii^ri in the fir^t aLlt^nrnttva, as ahsan Qiitrab mim ma 
ninciu-ib [en- &heRQ il williiil vidi^b mim ma jic^irib), or, nhon 
poeaible, Uio yeirb^i rtonn^ ^ifi [» often the co^e in Engliab. Tbo 
laEitpr couatructitjn Is tlio muj-o idiamatic oF tha two. 

f 347- AliBiLii, oi\ ^ith tbp orttclef il uhflaii, is used ^ibsolut^ly 
in tl^Li^ SQnr^o oi it Tf^^ I'oftn-, he^it^ no alU'riiativo or EJt^.4rnutivos 
bfliug inei^tioutHl^ a« il Etiisan tequl In 1 bofiq it were Oetter Ifmi 
ytiu (fit hii'i f/if trulti : ahrviii tlirfiui inta i/nti hait ttettf.r ri'iriv t'l ut. 
It omy alfio atuml alone ji^vj^rbuLlly, the Ti*rb being BuppU^J 
from what LasJ pone b'.-foru, ami nmy be <[iiijifiijd r^niiiuductlj 
bj liyAiJa, iis iLizi liatkuUim waijib alison, aJiKut ziykiin I ndU 
irjieafi; irtth hhii. that intf fit* ft^Jtt — mhrJi hetlfr. 

§ 318. A-bbur gtituiU as an ubsoltitti BUpei-ljitii'a v^itliout tUe 
ftrbiclo la tbo cxprt?QsioQ Allab bkbar God ie ijrfm^'-nC, i.e. moei 
great. 

THE NUMERALS 

g 349. It has alrf^Jy been notici^ (g S7» Rem. f^) tbiLt tbo 
CAnlinu-1 iiviiubers aljov'u t^n tM^i their aubstjindvti in tbt lin- 
gular.' The word nis forcon flii <'iception to this nilo, as urbv^iu 
nAfl /I'Wf/ ps^/jfic, the reaern probably btiing ttial it baa uo ein- 
gular of its own ; but ib is more correct bo say arbe'lu iiafas (v 
ufar). 

I 3D0. Tb« word sa^a In tbo sense of o'etittk pj^eceil^a tba 
nUTnoral, which ia always tba cardinal, and romain^ in tbo ain- 
gvdaj-, OS iij:i a M'a (gr fi a 4a'a) ^asbai^ 



^ Including, o\ courae, colleotiyafl, ao tbat we eay iJ^dilsbftr 

burbuEiiua, nob burtuqiii. 



2Er3 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



Rriiahh^ — Rjlf, mtuining it head ^ffnttUt and foreign pieces of 
inon«5t OJ^ generally Ipft in tti« siagtilor with ft ^anlinal urid«r 
devoir, od orba' (or rLrW&) rjl^ (lcf<s ufliinJlj- tbati Hlf) ghBaam 
/>/{r lif^i Q/fh^p, tiUiiba frank, Bitte ginCh* MoJytlu fm'JAkn u 
uaed in the »am€ way, 

g36L Tho cttnlinnU roUin tbe forma UUtA, nrbn'*, *e,, 
when follow©'! by t, imim in tliw hiifpulrtr, Pa tnUtiu niufh, btutit, 
im., &S b&« tx^n HUfl {% 93)> bub toliu ri^^'fik, ^^iiiAbtt, J^., will 
Bomotimea b© hejinl ; so ftlfw opr^JuiifjnAlly whun tbn noim i« 
^lefinitrti, IL8 it tolflta kh&dti/imln, il (irhri'n. ghrOsh ' Ai'\ thei^ /hrM 
j'i'orfrrjf/kiiD fibwabdami^Uio wilHtbftnAt, wibtsJ^^tAbanatd'il. . ., 

% 352. The CBrdinAls as & rule premie th? noun wLotb«r 
rl&finitw OF iD^oGmtt^, but fr^qaontplj follow it when ib in di-Qnito, 
jtnd oo^'-osionally whtn it ie indofioitc^, f<tr thi^ purp>r>B4^ oF c>ui- 
phftisiai as tt bJab kitibiit (or il kib&b»t it ttlAta) ; b^t li kit&hit 
telfttiL {tor tulut kitAbut) hnvj me thre-i btHikn. 

§353- Tho ortiiTwl may eith**p prwede or follow thn noma; 
in tbc fnrmor c&ao nnithor wiL tiLkf< this article, but \u tbo JatMr 
the ftrticrle will be j^loced before 1>oth \t\ a^-conUnce with th« 
rtilea, u tilit Mm df (nr \i\ m(Am. t Ulta rU) thU third tim€. Thm 
noon will generftlly be iu the plurul, when preeeditig th<j cordituU, 
thou^li thL- number be over tun, but VB\t\i tbv bi^hi-r bumb^vt 
the BJjigulru' iA ^mu^^iiuxvi/, hr^Lird, ud iiMiu! kilAbAi UkluttAahar* 
kitdMt (or ktt^L)) Tiiltt^ci u wlliiJ ijiw mrr fhiH'vn, a lifirtdnstl anA 
one, booki. Eitih talattiialiiir would mvaii f'"cfe No. iA 

% 3G1* Wbi^Ti objects ore epokou of ila Mn^ otther of «1t# 
number or ajiuther tbe diajuui-'live ia u<jt usually ^ireaw>4. 
And if ono numlNfT in under teit nnd CJi? othor Abow t»*ii \h^ 
Qomi U genenilly mt'ntion&l twiuti, fir*t in tbw plural aupl th«a 
lit tho AiitifuW, tut tikLatt orbij.' kiUblt; 'tifihart iiifor, n^^JJlttf 
hJUjUliv lUifv, f/tT'i^ fT /tftiT hiiui'f^ ten or itevive rium, but 'Mbatm 
tuialiar unfjir, driv, will ^ao be bAn.nL 

J 3fi5. We mny a^presa onf 'tr hrtt, tiec or thrv*', by nursing 
the object itneH in the 6i>t lm4« in thii niriifulAr itrad in the 
■vcond in the dunl, nud plnc-ing t»bii uuiui-'ird wlii^^lj iiidituto* t]i# 
higher number imnKtHcitoly aftvr it, ne r;](7;i] iintn /"u or r«o 
m^n/ qiAiftrn tulAU ttco vr thr^f* hfiitUt ; or, in tliu font cime, th# 
object \ahy bi> iinined Jn tbe dinguliwr ikud r<^paa.ti>l ia tltti diialf 
ju »ufr* aufritL^u a tMt^ trr Ueti. 

BeuANK, — Tba innvrhion of the dJsjunctirv fpinU to th* 
oxietence <jf a strong doubt In the mind *d thi» sfHiftker m to 



I Fmna aitig. ghartb, ft dupUc«t« form of q«viib. 



THB NUMERALS 



3&3 



whicb !£ the rigbt uumbCT, as toJltiL vaUa (or au) Drba'a fAr^, 
or it m^y he/"ur. Ibe Idst xiumbcr beij;g the t^xtrem^ liinib. 

§ 3ritt^ Tlii« lUti^ cif tibt* ^'fur dJLcl Ulu iiiLintli 1^ mpn^HAerl by 
m^un^ of t\it3 c![U'iimLil TittmlH-r», as BAti&t tulCemlya w arbe'm f/iif 
year SJ/O ; it taUtrt bftdli^ Uh AWhl' the iht'ni of the inoriik,- Jdi^mflA 
abrll ^ AfiTil^ TLg wi>rd Ariua niay^ be omitted, joat ofl qaLAi' ur- 
yOm !■ in the rial** of tln^ tnimth. 

KEiLLHit.— Obierve that in the date of thL^ motith th& month 
is in lippoaitioD to the numeral iaotc&d of beiug n pfU'litii'o 
genitive, 

5 3fi7. Tlie wards aA'a A-mr ftuii ■umr oup hji^ often mei- 
proMedt ihi in Euglisb, wiT.h tho numeraU, »u tigi tolLta u uii|f 

ahtt i'*> flAfl/t^ /ouf", ti^'^f" /orti/- Oiatb may uJso lie uiide[stocnlt 
ta\f\ Bilgh wtkfi tA'rlfa mny «l*iinl for qersbH ntlgb, qprsho tji."rlfji, na 
'ftfiiiii nirtlyG>i*n/w fta* '?ro jtutliomtj yea^wt tamiHiya sfigh, to-liltii 

g 353. Tfro/ntti, thrctfoli}, it',, are ejipr«aae<l| lis Lus ti'**n seen, 
bj tl^n ivonl (,^ri with the dc^^iiitj) article fitlluwiMl liy the tnr- 
<Unul nviQi^rnlf nud Qat» that tftq lUwuye ruiujiitis in thti fitngulrLr 
in this oouTio('l^'>u. 

g Sf)^' Oi'ui^i^iiinllj A caLrdinHl E]K|jrbasiu^ il roam] nuraber 
is iise^l b_7 itwilf RS a miiUiplLcn.tivB wlviirb; i.<y. Da kalbe 
ifihiah. ^V~i uv kAn mtt wihieh, ;la anbab Leuuxikk tiiErabu i It'a 
a liHitfiA'-tn'* *f"<!. j4*/ {fit i> a AwK^rtii tim^* (i.e, ^rer *o) ioaih- 

Kan ttcmitj/ titnff» ovft ; kutULT aJfa kbAmk thank ^ou a f/ij:>uMin^ 

f 360. WljPii sutfnral o^'»ipctfl nod a portion of one of them 
»r^»;HpVBn of, iLe subsiuntive k1iou]«J Jirst b^ mentioned with the 
miDiiJrRl qiinlifjing it ncd the frat-tion follow oouplod with it 
by the norjimclion, im tolatt u-j:bibi o nu?^ (not talatt u nun 
irgbifii) ///;y< Hivi a halfloavtt; khaouiata*har wi<jqa atat^/T-ffin 
an'/ a ih\n^ 'Am : ip'ud ido. rukbii u mj?f ^j It*?// ^ni one /.n^; but 
vo imrne^iTii4*fl h<sar miytuii »i ksQr ij*?reh for naiytGn "jGrab wi 

^ Ml, It ia marb Tuor* ubuhI In Arabic iJuin in EnpiUh to 
iuditmr.d il d^iue sli^^btly imdi.'r a muiid nnmhop by tmiijijif tbe 
dilTertiiico betwt^sQ it kad tlio Litti*r, aa *uim1 tftJ^tJu Jita tn^ti, 
tvlhid i <Tm //fi>^;v /m* fibv^ Mur ifiis, foorj' ia sA^a 'oahAra u uuf- 



2&4 



TEE SPOKEN' ARABIC OF EGYPT 



THE PRONOUN 

.^30^- Th& p^reoual pronouiifc ilts nut uquaIW QXproAe^d 
with the verb unJefla they are omplmtic av thnu- omluinTk would 
vniinf nin\t\^\iiiy\} om g'-i\n mbilrUi trf camr j/t/^fniiLy : iJjiia gt^im 
inUlrili wo liunima a»fni Tina.hflj'da ipv eanm ^^Aterdtuj and th«y 
feft iu-tfaif. 

§ ^G^, WhBD thv pi'oixoiiDS of the &j)b ttind UKond or tho 
fir«t 7uii] i.lim] (jersoug, or tlie Gi-si puj^ut Kn'\ ft riuuii, Hr« 
togetbor thp Rubju'ifi of n. verb, the verb will be iii the fiprt 
pt^ton pJxiral, Jt8 in Englisb, aa aiiA wi qIa kuuna miiu^dirL 
y(/u riA'f / fcrre prefe"t ,- aoiv we hljh lima ner^ k^<« aiul I hcuirf 
^ ; jvijB. ui 1 W^lad g^lUL ^AVu thf. ihfy Ufid 1 ctitli^ tufit'thf.r, 

Similajlj, wLein tb^ flMoiid a.ud tliinl p^rsuris ur thu sotvwd 
peTM'kTi null £. ikoiiii axe together the buI>j(^Lt^ thi> \l'iVi will W JO 
the aec-rji^J p(ij ^u plural, 44 ista we Luwa ilardbtu I ^jtbkd ; inBC 
we giirtilc bt^tJt^kluitLqQ \t\ in imli&i' j^O'f and yottr wiy/itHfUT tfn 

HE9iUi&, — Notici- tb^t, cuntnu^ to th& Kn^ltub cutftom, it \h 
u&ual Ui place tUo dt^t person before thv ^ocoud mid ibo Becond 
b«foi« tbe tliird. 

g 361 . The first peraon fjural u Twy fi-equently uwud ituitead 
*Ff the fiinifulAr. it* il^na gayio biiknt ire am i"Viii^g tt^tH.frrtnffr 
tlioujflj tlii> flpwkker uUudea to liuuaelf oidy ; hliiiilarly, wliv^n tbo 
pronoun is not esproHsed, a pluiul wvh or pirtU'ipli* mny b» 
4vnipliiyiil, HA *nuan noebflfak / trarU tn /#« tftiu, Tbo m-ociewI 
pt-tAOii pluiiJ b tl&u used foi^ pg1itcT)0B3) bb in outity KuinpMXi 
luignagflA, but lurely uveu by ihv (^biofilt^. Infrleml of it tbv 
words 5*dra mil gnx^b hcmour^ with the proiioiutTJJil ^JiiftiTt M tbn 
£<woiid porecin (miikiuf ^^tLdritaJt , i^aoabuk), uiv oCti-u ump^fryqd, 
when eqoftlB or euperiorti are addruHaeJ. witli the verb ita tk« 
jK^'fiTid prrMjit tjiu^niliir. while l^itdritu lOid gnuibu iu-q uni?d wbcii 
they we B[>i*k*^t) of.^ 

1^ ^664 A poflba irt uddresa^ ur ^^Mltak. oontr&ct^l geQerallj 
to an'tAk v'ur ffenhtwie, KEceih-rtCfj, oud epokeD of oa su^adto. 
Thu vodttiYe th w^'t U BiRba \ja naatl by inferion* only. 



^ 8u«h OB mi^bt nTViiY^ From tbr fu4'<t of tbe tJrHt \t\yt\ hHXHwl 
p«^r«on« nugttUr of tb« put tttuwi of ibi> vytb b«u>|^ id^ntlad 

^ The plunl iii l^odritkfl (kiimV ^'mwbkQ fki^m), »p<< 1 504* 
Comp^ vUMtra inerrn'l in HpiuiiAbj voMCi niuM'i'd in Poctil' 



THE PRONOITN 



305 



§ 366- Whan, on the other baud, ttic obJAvta cf the v«rb 
cortftiflt uF different ptTFomvl pronuuin^, or of u pf^raontU pro- 
liuun uticl a ijuijii, tEie>' 'wtlL ^eia-rjJly be iiEclicibtiwi by ei plur«l 
RuUiii fi^illownl by tbn full pronoun or pronouns jiiuI tfip doild, 
HA ttbdyv. R\iaUu\ axm (ot- fihufcfi Cfl) v/i otn wjy /of her turi' [u^) ma 
nitd ifuu ; i\ wjilivl i[ti4^i.bun {n)tia no btmuuji f/^r fic}/ d'-utk mfr ami 
tfwrn; U 'nr\'\k^i Uh gabkfl iiiUh w\ 1 tfeudl^VJi ffn^. lirifer t£/iO 
imm{jht yu and tht trro ftPiithtturn ; il bijll| miMklnim hiimma wl 
n nifviii the jyohce ntiz^'d them atd the ^^omt^u 

RcMAnH. — The fuU I'orm of tbp ju'oncruji \/^ ai/tuotiiiiea 
i/miCrt^d, tnpet^i^ttl)' Lq pbiJiMiA fif a religiouh clmriu^tor. iit iMIuh 
jihfazim wi n nfu* Icullibi i>ini ^trtufrrp vAomi eL-pri/hutirj. 

J 367- Tbare uro two otbei' coostructionB, howeipi^r. whit-h 
&fe nut unuHUul^ vi£. ;> — 

f(tj lostiuul of tbtj plural £utfu bhd tdugulor is iiMid, ud 
fopfegeniing the first ohjtwt, foUowed by the two fi^ll p^psoiml 
pranoDtiB or the pioiLouu and noun, ar dariibu hHwa v uiijl /^cr 
ftmrk him — htm tztifi ^*f; x^bha htytt w'l boiha we biiitibtk hu 
hriiii^fht firr am} fier st'Jt a'fi fiaaijhtKr. Dtirabu I vkiLlml w imii 
dkoult] Tiot be said, i\^. tb« pronoun mu^ pi^ec^ds xh& noiiii, 

[i) Tbu voi'b may bp nn?iitioiii>d twiLSij GrBt with o, pro- 
Hominitl *urtis and then with aiiotln-i- tiilfix ui" a iiouii, iu* 
rtambpLk Hi> diu-ribnl, mUtkna. we inisihliuin- 

Hewarg-' — Tlieae constructi'jnft m-o nitich more common than 
in Kn^ilirih. tLod tbt^ laUfn- ia ofti'o employed where thi*i"o iu eo 
ii4?ed to eiujiliiui^i^M elth^^ tltt^ vi^rb ot il^ obji-cta. 

§ SU8. Ann uoun or ei prrpi]««ition ('^niirrt t-aki^ mor^ than nee 
pronomirial Bafliji, tbuy muat oither l)e ropeul^^d with «u'b, ba 
bfl-hnii u baluditk iriy t-i^aq^ and ifovrB, abfik w abiijit F/r?u?' fa/ker 
OjtU fiiii*-. ^'tLiibu wv ^mibihik tfi fit'r/i tiitfi /icr, *£JrkJ v-v ^ahi bulk 
ffn tfcu (F.) <j'j</ yti?^r «^r, kJil-ib llyii wo lit >ii? tcrr/te to yon aiuf to 
vt", or iL i^on'tUuction qiliv be iia&l sudiIht to tbat of the verb 
with itt* obji'L'to ilesci-ibed above, uu VKnfi na wi :it4k (?n uic and 
t/'ra. kitubbum huinniH we b^ffu f/it'iV ^u^A a/W Am, waj-JUcfL Uiid 
■wo hilwa bfl/titi'i i/ou frnJ hi'ui. 

EeuacK' — Tho noun may, of oourao, bo roploi^ii by tbi> 
jiosMAsirp adjbcti've bnta' wilji the suffix, an kitubt wi bt&'ak, 
bur. it iff more unual to repurtt the iitjuit. 

^ 3lt9, It H not UQc^oiriinon for the per»ioital pi'oiioiin, witb 
wbiflh a piu-tiripLo or ridjo<'tiro ie in L*c»ii(.'t>i'j|, to be utte3ipr«66od 
when there can b& no duuLt as to tlio identity of the [wteou err 
thing rtFi:>r)'viJ tu, ii» tiltAyif ir rilgil Lilt wiqit f 'fr> fffiv are rh'' man 
sttDviifuj {ihiiff)f 'HUE ^\\i vhfU lio you irnnf f riiyiU fihi rliyit 
mt^wh^r^txrej/otiffviTtdf I am 'jftiui/ ta Vairtj ; giiy waUiiiuisUuiui 



256 



THE BPOREN AKABIC OF EGYPT 



liasft? are yon c^viuif or tHU imiUruj! u*4l mel^aiiwidtn hvi 
i»U f wt ar« coiniifj ruand {(urmii^ itp a street); intA b^M^^ 
^idir vijie yoti remhji I am ready; ^hait muAS dOl? £wa, 
iDatiakiD iJLLi lLumsb« bc-t 'lifi t/v t^ee tkosn jitopie S Yea, thf^ aiv 
poor hoittiUejts fi^upls} The uae of tbe oiijei^tiTe hAilii- in rt>plj 
to ft cull or luj crcS^ir h an lu^biauL^ of thia figure^ through in 
MnA0 it can in mitiiy InstonF&a h& hardly distingaiblitid Erom on 
odvorb, iLS Mehumnnd 1 Bidir ] MoIuirtirrfM / Hct^ I am; 
iqfil il bub' Hodir 1 shul llu ilwrr. Gocfd (li&. / ant reofiy iv do 
it). The eilipcid tuke» |.ilw:o wi^k participluH much nuir* 

§ 370. Thi> per^uid proaoim ia often plocod befora or aJtar 
the noun, or other piwt of speech, bo which the corr^ptjudiug 
poAsesHive MjtHx iti H.|]|)HiiittMl» ivJikjut utij |iiu.'tiuu]tir Btrena being 
nM«siunly luid on it, lu idCa bC^tak f t^-n ? (^r>u) vAffrtf H your 
/(OUff* > ELtui ahu^hli fi ^lo^ 7''j/ <«T^^ If in Vairv ; hucoDiu 'ivliUium 
itmlbuiu yigi a B^^a. talita their cwttorrt U Cu Oftne ii thret ; £ bltun 
^njb in r/ttr hitwi«: quhi lu leiniit uiiig&y 'uidu fil Let) ffuf yim 
Ult ruf that J uin fomin^ to hitn at hit hoLseJ 

§ 371- SimilfuLVf tb^ fuU form of the yt<rftoaaI pronoun toaj 
be ELidud Lo the au^caa appeni3vHl to Uie Teab^ as ana iMkkxLllLiiiak 
inta A nm /tj/^aking to you; ma tidmbnlsb ana rir>n'f at/i/fe t/u, 

g 37^. Tho p«rGonul proxwan^ ato vuTf commonly placed 
pl&onasbically betwivn Ihti ivUtiv« illi and ita pri^icaTie,^ edp&- 
cially when there id au ollipbc of the vupulatlve reib k^, ilh 
ir r£^ ilK buwn hina tht man trio I'jr tien ; il IcilAb illi htiiELiDa 
'aiJdu 1 wakui t/ic tUxj-i txhich bit the Ooy i is sA'a illf h(ya 'and 
abQ^a ^/fe f^d^^^A ichyfh mj/ faih<r Haiti ^ ^^da illl iJya luau^llda 
*ajid il bailHwtii //« rwiimn v-hirh eJTsi* atnoBi/nt (hn Hvifuui^is. 

f .173. Ju oikch of thft aliove ^Lamples tho p^rj^onnl pronoun 
mi^lit ba omittodT puid wuiild bn ud oftoa lut not; but wWe tbu 
relatiLve clauiie ia muroiv tvxplicjilis'e of jk dolliiititf autix'odviit 
and ill apposition tri it. thn per^itjil proiiciuji tihouM hei in^erLAd* 
ofl tJ wil^ illi UumniJi ^ItJibna rAe boyit Kinf nrt omt fnfH'it. 

Beil-UUL — In tho luttL'r cNifi*, ffhoii tbo [a ^'■d ic*4ti* \t, u nuV- 
Bbujtiv«, the personAl procoim id dooittimes in fuccord with it 
AH bi'icii^ the most Lni[>or(»nt wurd in tho 4t>titmiL\\ lot tl luoiya 
ilU buwii fih dxirsQ U^U' U Jabuii /Au iru/iv '/K^i rji f/j£» u^/'cy^^Nmi 
the inHJc, 



1 No Olid buL a fnreignar would ny ana 'auK 'ur^)dyA, Ac., 
unliiM Uii* [iTonoun woro emphatio or another mi^ht bu irvidar 
Muxl if It «r«[-f> umittfid. 

* An in Hehruw. 




THE SUFFIXES 



^57 



5 374. Huwa (Tifiira) ftml hi/ii are «f course i*ppli(*il lu 
Vli&uiaiut4> n6 well i^ Ui ubiiuuti* i)hj<*i:t^. nt tb^it Tjhny wUl ba 
ifTOnalnl^'d by he^ nhe^ ai- it, n^ooiiiiitg lu the ottj^t Is maBculiuc, 
fcjutnine, or neuter. The concord of ibe persoual pronoons with 
vhu noUD^ wJiich ^vy r^preaecit is gi:>veriiei1 bv tliu suue rul«a 
Lid Uiatof tht* ajjjective with it** Hubfttontive, bul tlit* femiuma 
^uj^iIqt hljL enti hardly be ua^ witb reftirente to ft strong 
liiriiJ,tLus though vf<^ muy nay in Tia^^irin U DiihtukbJima hioa, 
re most tefei' to th« cjirpeiitera m Lummo, tiot LEya> 

§ 375. Kuwa ia sometimes aswl iiup«r?«]njj.llj" for the Jemon- 
i^tnitivo lift, A8 buva muah pahlh I^innn darubiik f j^ it not trus 
(fini A« etrwrJ^ rjua I odJ maj serve ilS well il9 itri fciuiQJTic iVTid 
plural tiO Iiitiiji.^kti^e n »ubataiitivet which tbtiji aUtuds iu hfrpuHition 
ut tt, As bnw:i r rd^ mush gAy? iau'i the tnati conUwit blya I 
bitit biti'iuil cb f ish-it'it ths rjtri doin^jf biunmn a nn^orfa 
yiftkUi^hiLlu tftl ill iiiLlijir the caTpenfers tcTlc till 'htj/. The dt~ 
jLioUdli'ulivo mB.y br ^duU (uHhou^L the perBaiijJ piiiuouit ilA^lf 
t^MitibleS iL dcinddHtMitivf in tbid ujuige), u4 liuva I kitab da 
h»ti' DiJD i u'htitt^ book it this f or the pi>i wo^J aod df'mouEtivtivo 
iMity ainud Utg^^ihi^r wibbiMJt a eubj^tatUive, as bitqiM 'ahi tntnt 
Hfivndn.ti/\eiufm (ir6 i/'-K 'jifsih'Nijf Ojfhinonc; hS/adI Uli kinit 
batthklf j« ihia tha tflojurui afio n-an ire^mg t 

Htiwa is Ufiod iiitoiji^ctioiuklly to iuLrodufre another persoDal 
proiKiUD, wbu-trcvet itA gender, nd huvra &iia abiiftuif buwa bty» 



THE STJFFTXES 



g 97G. Tbo nuSxQi!) touy be nppendod, afi «e have M«a, 
to [jiany cunjuQcUt'Tin uiid udvcrba ua hell bs to noufia aiid 
VH'bji. being iiuliitJig but shorleiied furuis of tibtf irurauruLl 

§ 377, When, fta not infvHiueutly hftppana, a word whioh in 
Etigliab woiilit t«kc (lie *i^ii of the gciiitiTo ia p>Wi.'*l before thi* 
^•iiv^niiri^ w^tnln thti tkttiii' will pick tbt^ fcimiei' ii{i, as it wiflti-, 
by Tii**iia of tho nuffix, na ir rftgil do bcfn f*n < tt-f^rf u Mu 
hhikV hotiiK? il v-dlya di I m-uJdiiii ehufto khnltujitba* this }n>or 
oUi KVF/iuii. di'i i/o'i flfic tier' la-je f d walud d^i uiiii hbnd giiWijitu 
rrAf> htut tnA-tn Ihin Ikii/h i^hfiei^f It ia the ^mir with a relative 
olAuBd vheu the iint4>r!4^dpnt \^ supi^re^ipJ, as illt kan bina bttUx 
ihii Ear Uu bet (ir lib'^l) iJli kan luml 



2r»s 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF KGVTT 



g ,178, Similjwly, whou tlia object of a verb pracedei \\ t^* 
Hii£ix mudl rttill bo Hpp^mled to tho verb, 90 tbat the clijeut ^viLl| 
be cietitioiii^ twice ovt^i, ae abOja sluiftu i /^urp pfltf tfrn mt 
futher f (not itbdya dhuftj ; t1 IchHuiaiL itidithutu lu (ru lo) tkfijice^ 
ijUfi^fr^^^) J fiavo 'jiVfiii tkent h'm. 

KE^tAHiL — Itmuat not be duppos^ thi^t this idiom is ii&uaUAl< 
>tiic] Eiijjp]i>>nl oulv fur the Aoki? uf einpbui^isiti^ Um uLijecO* hh in 

Bj 3TII. \\ lioTi jk i-oLiitivo pionouD U Cbe obj<iet i>f a verb tba 
0idlii vriU I'efer Co Itii iLritecedecit. a« in i«i.uiluq lUl j^&bflb 'An 
ffjx uhi'^k tlitff bt'tjiuthi , il "miibiyB Llll rikibuiLa Me ^iirndi^r i>t| 
ff/iTr^/f Trr if^iw; 11 kuJ-Asi lUl ka^^nrtuhum fAe t-hain uhic/i ytM] 
bri>tit, TiiL*- iLDtci?o<lvnt may. of ooiir^s bo u»dt<i^iood, aa tllij 
■adUu t ti'bj^u y?klijU' min il LibbI Ac u^^fi/Frt u «;tK^ /lo^ t^tta$\ 

Kemauk d. — Tbi< idiom wmj lead to confuflbti, as in tr rAgH] 
kJU kiLU ditrbu, wliKh njikv niCHLn /A« Man Wu^m Jte une iifrtMwj.ta] 
the niiiti u}/'V (fofl nirihiwi him. 

Rexark h. — Wbeu luu iH iiHtid fur ilU tb& niifflx \a not neee*> 
Bory, u&d ia vory jurely uTiipIoy^f na ^ala Imdnb ma qil a^rt^^i- 
in^ f" rf/ui/ /te tfai^Z, luid tUe damo is oftoii tbu caM> wbi^rei the; 
lelaiivt imd uEitciHHlriit are butU ouiitbed. u« loa uiMbL uddi l«k| 
/ lia^-^ iiothififi to tjit'e j/tia. 

^'MiO. SimibirLy, aprcpofliUoD whi^u it i'i'FiT4 liu(<k to n tiomij 
nirwiv iiK'niiuned wdftjiKe ttic ^ullxJi appropiiAlu to thrit iumti,i 
lifl J b^t QJt quiduiDim luiu nakiii fib i wfn' liitit i'ti t/ir hi/utut trii 
/niiif f/ iJjr / i^ ^Bgara dl fu<^ba *?\H^flr kf>ttr /'^iTi* 'ji> tn/iny AiWiil 
iM FAm frc« ; tu niflviu lulmra wiiad the leoiwui harte diitdftni IrJ 
r&icil illf 'riudu £fi» f^^c man reho hat rtvnry. 

>| 3f4|, lu the rLibitire claiiso tbe ^ealtive cf tbe rclattvit] 
prnnoiin {tifimnf) will bi^ trimalnted in Arnbk by th« nrtnLiriAtivi 
fpAiv, whilo tb« noaa whicb m Eiufhj<h ^ovenia tb& g*^niti*e will 
t^iki' cbo proiiominul r^iifiix, ju il Ij^Ivl illl bCtu tr^nbirut thM\ 
jiO^tA uhtMii ti'fiui' » urtir tMn; il DiLuktiui dl illi Ibiithu iiHKiiupt 

iok^&ta'it mil; ^a^ftit il *u«btyh f^r du^j w)uiv} ft^txti hvm ctd fjff hi 

the v/kf^i 'ff the i:4irrii\'i^ ; jl ujiUb illi guxbjk "ablt ^hf ixumwi 
hvjUtatui u rin viint ; ill! ri^l^h (nw.'^l yimnbE <|H^fiiu ri finm «p»f'i1 
iifnij It'll sraihv ftiiUkhj ; il (^bzAyUi: till ^biilyaolium flhuun th^ Mti 
uiih iff" rtrricffor ^/tf^M^n) in Mrt»» 

^ ',l^'2. IfftA' brra neikia «nny iftkn thi* plncp of Uii> mSx, 
tKHiQ bi*iii^ ar£-oiii|m]t4<d by tbn di«llnit<> TLrticlir, iia la H^ulAq llll 
1 fflu^* b«tA*u rih ihf tur v^U4b« Juf j.4 /o«r. 

j 383. It U not iiw^'flfiury that tb« -joiiii iiuiaoliitU-ly ftiUa** 



THE SUFFIXES 



fft« 



r^lnLive ; ATerYiorotliri' w^nl mny intarvpiK*, n« il bint ill! sliftDJiftn 
whth^ (or, ttfi lb g 37f, illf abQhu Ehniui^uh) ; il qaUini u- m^ illi 
likHUU ^AJ-fu thf^ pencil the point of ifhi<Ji ie hroken ; lU nud t]lt ^um 
guiuilihatu th^ jKopie ait uf ^tiit'jtn fairie; tl wjUuU illi 1 tvu^&rniyd 
kliu^ifd ^ju'bilstici min r^^ we kli^u niin gl>ba ^/fi> A'/^ wfujim Uir- 
tmjift tftt thfii-^ unnf/'lieii //t™ hi$ titiotlf an'i u-ftc-w j'urt/' tUtij 
pr%fit'-hcd fri'tn hit />o'-J^xt ; U 'u^lle* illi q«.lrt'fl ^ubaUlia bi fiikklu 
wp rm* gu*l4tt bi attt the ot'i teaman ic/io*<i jiinjtr thrif cuC oji with 
a f.-ni/e.ci^d wh'Hr tiiipf/arut'p hrait t/rfi/ nrf ofvitti a ra^^Tj^ Q HtjT; 
ilii kun ijii'id abitha piinb ukbtihiv^/itf 'nrt^^h-fffai^ffr ifojt Kitttmj 
fiij h^r finier ; i\ badnwf Jlf knutS ii 1 kJu-msi betihlu t^n: B&iawj m 
whoee !riit j/itfi (f.) urrv . il hasim illi kh^dt il wtiri luii; ^uintu li'f 
fwnttm /Tom ir/u'tif imrtii^i ifim ftn'l'- the Jiotrt^i , ir rSgil ill! iitA IrtsJi 
fub\fl mil Usb i§Liil h'^ fhaf ha* na rrurn-y han no jn-tuit ; lofeudi 
illi 1 ^uLarmaiiUyji bitkiuiiDe 'ulit 1 boLiklln b^ta^ bctu ^^jf tjenllt>- 
tjiatt ii{"fi'j tfip biiU'"tii! o/wfi'Wf! fiiituie fAd lioittioiTitiliid ciiinhf. 

g 1)^4. 'l'bi> prejkik^itinii tiLbea the stillti where in Englieh it 
*-t>nl(l tnvorn thn rvlu-xAvc, aoil tbis c*vyo wboii the relative w 
niuiiiiil,* sail btt illi kuote fjb rite h^u*r tn trhtch 1 tnu : il 
waIjijI illi kbuf^fft iDttitiu ] full^R the /mr/ /r\n/i ictiuin tkpy tittitrtuni 
the Jnontfj/; il yi^nt illi e^firD^ fih the dai/ <in which tee ^fiirtnt ; il 
bij ills yehimme 'ultli iali abibrefu^it^ the rnaUoti uihifilithaltmnt- 
ntr^Xdr rUmbu ; W *ibani LllS <|ulti lak 'ab'li* Me mai/er aA"to* vh\rh 
i npntr/t ii'yjti ; i31t euA iGflh fulAa uda l^sb i^hAb ; AbufiM hfi,tAil kull 
in ji4a ffba Diawin tftf sa^c a-aitagein (l«. t)') r/<Aic/t aUiho^'/*it 
were worntm. 

HcHABX a. — We caunnt saj il b^t, ij aaudllq, f6xi abuftu f/tt 
hoa»e, tk^ box, w/r^fe {tar in w/h>/l) / /utic it. 

Hkuakk b. — Tbe jii epoelt^oti with ;tfl euffii will b^ amittt^-l 
wb^n tbo reliLliv« is mil, aiiil occiLtiiotLally wbbn iiu i'olaliv« u 
V'tpruwvd. ua wiidillli lu/Lti'iih tiiA i;^litu fit^nr iV In the platv ]f«u 
f^uijiflir if {^r'rff'i) : 'li*blifi,rfi t.;N)liii' i^aiiiiirjllfa tiif^ t!i^:i'ifiti a ^Jjtn 
i'lf u^hi'^h ihi'$i tnx'ihi pouvn Kim. 

^ 3^fit A iiouu pr^«ult^J by n ntituvmi mny take the saffix, aji 
It tjiJllliL kbrnMAtiliiiJik j/trnr ttiri^ ivrvtTttS ; tknl \'\itk iii'iiT iif/iri' 
ti/w^f ; but il 14 nmi'e iHtLal in tbia ena^ Ut t<miiloT betA', or Ui 
(il*i?& tliw iiunieHkl oMeT tba »ubatuuliv«. 

§ 38G, Tbe fiulfis trf the 3rd jurra^u fpiainiite nuiy refer, llkfl 



' Cuui|ihr4> riif njciL'iftwneBK of tliu Antbit^wTlb th« I'lunmiii*-!*!! 
<tf tilt* ETifflirib in thest" two phrikStfen Tb» wovtla kha^Q vd 
i^iifii'd nt;trl^ bo ]-p|H>«L«4 in tbe 4?cotid |Btrt uF Uie HUuloDCfw. 

^ A« ia tbtr ciiw wlion tbo injaii ia iin]«tinil«. (3oe j 4M.) 

* ChfVf^tfttiUa. 



260 



TUB SPOKE?? ARABIC OF EGYPT 



t\v^ full form hi^ji, to & plural object, and even (ttioTigh Tin* 
usually) to a p^iMctt plural d^jjoting inon, oa il LGhyat till ^jb- 
tihtk the thiiif/f I bfif'itjfit ; ia £i^ kullihd. ati tJte pffta; il rair- 
tjtkhdimhi kuUiliA afl the niif<ioi/lti. It ihaj refer also bo b 
number cf cbj^pcu pmvinujilv mantmneil. whftthiAr fitigiiULrft tir 
[iIlji^s, mj^ficiiliu^g or femimQus, bj f»irn4gh il turmil wi saandOq 
w\ I kitll, u wnddlhfb gflw.'k [ EuikkLzaa e^aptif fhe h'lrrel ami iha 
(fix arifi ever^fithfri'j {tLsc). aiul ttikt tfifin iVtSjVfcf the r^fiar. 

J 387- It U iiatMl in a neutt^r flann^, tbe r^tirmu-^ being to « 
«^bol« seat^Qce or an idea previously erpretta^ or uud4.u'etooTL 
It (Kjcura frt^uentlj ia the eTprestiioua joniha. iiiibiuba (or 
naMrIha), sfi'Ilibif &ad u thou aquiFoleitt to tli^ dt-mouatimtive 
pnjn*Hin Iftui, Le. tfa> dai;, hoar, ^e., uj that *^j/n/, tir ttm tlaij o/ 
yflf-h fi'f tcefe fpvatihg ; ejj. Icaniia j^mha Q 1 lutniEa Tf« vwv 
(U thtL Pijr<imt'Ja i/tt th<it day ; konte madhghDl Ka'ltlia / teiu hi^y 
tii tfiK tiitiK ; kumiJL iiabrfLLilD l^lilbik tet: irei-n mttui/j up tJiOl rtujftJ ; 
VfBJ|tilitt gih wAhid ^lubii! iit thd rutnnent jonif ane i\itiie and 
ajtkedjor me ; iwlilui kojj, ifiuntnAl he viu i/ntfifuiU >j u ••arrufl-tintJrr ; 
ui&'&ibih titat HI t\> miy: il foll&hlD luA yi'idiibb leimuha '£b 
l*]niim _\iqlifc'u qiirlflllJii ill tiib /Afl /cilohi^ li'm't nivjiiint It a« 
trr'profti- iii-n-i '-> ff}*7-uf>e in /'H^lte ; yibq* flb» fartg Iwomifc Vi^^ 
thiitv will f'e tunc to tinnk itl'otJ it frp/nrv he e^mce jlit. 'Arm u A 
Tt^rite. ii$l«rral, in tf) ; fitiLha %] Imhart' n'diji-j rfiff lihh htirm; 
hafitba wu^I li'jcrriiwj iftir^'g inin't hiiint'linu lynpM'tf ; Alluh ^abba 
ituDiiL i^l iuiM utfi'ic it t'j turri out tcelt ; &^i Ui ndkirha ana thcu i4 
ju*t 'rhiU I lien I/. 

% Jti8, Lib&Uy, h'l may bo np^TOtided to tbtr aupsi lali^Q, t^i^i^ig 
it a ai-nii nhFioluti^ H^tise, as akburlia ril^il rhfi ijtfotpji *'j ptgn; 
lean iubiij (proa, kul lubb) andafba qauk^f Ji^ ttipi ofi tkt cle/mf*i 

^ ^8^. TIj^ mn^-idiiie suffix is uni] \a tbe satno way mtJ) 
the prH[iotilrujtiA 'a\a tvtn\ fl in tbd vxpi^iuu^rjA ma *ijf hnh fAflro iJ 
rmlhif} if'i it, 1,^, r/ 'hn-jtiH twitter i Uh aud m;v fibth (orion OOT- 
rupb^l to EL aad iim Ixeh) therrt it, Arv^ tf> urw W (avri AixiidtWo«, 
^ 117, lid); aii^i m a few otber vnnU, ha A^la tiriyimUt'ff ; 11 
WaqtU rtJ tAiif jai/jjumt ; jiqalhi ^or arjullilifl) nt itnutt ; uibaytn ( ^ 1b 
tiihAy« or amipty uih!lyn)/iii/iJlij ; WUu (nr baidLhn) ^J ^^ vonir, 
■aiWi^ilafffltt p~ u^u yi^iJib oiiiina nn tdvanifi'j^ tgUl 6c jfnin^l , ma 
'alAkabe tuluiiii nrj hunt tti/t i-ome. to j/ou/nrrn il. tbra't WAvy; 
li*U lUcin ma rdUh yivFirrlh li& </.iI aa^ry, l-ui ii.dft'i tMilf l« 
«Xh/v if ,^ illl urukurvi niia , » , my *i/eit is lf\.ii . . , 

£ ^BC« Tho prtttiomiDdJ AulHivd ari^ 4J poaHi«iv* but taraljr 



' Lit. <:r;i«njn£; if to M« nuTtL 



SMS. 



THE POSSESSIVE PRO^OlT^'g 



Z6I 



»[i[>"»in]*i<l to ndjcctivcs, ajii) thcD oiJy uf course when ihfij w« 
Ufieii &Ji Jsub^tantivujd, &:* yu ^^tX my duar. 

g 391. Thft po»iA<«SAiFr> p^dcl^a rnntt b(k Biiffixn^ to the BUb- 
fctanttve wLcD followi?d b_\' ftii ailjwtlv*^ or jiiiolhiT subfltantiv*' 
ilk (ippoaltifjir, nrit bu ttie n^ljrctjvt^, fHj tlint wq muat kl^ klUbjtk 
U kuvi^ijit^i not kit4b kuvfLtviatik. Tht^ uuJ; exc^plioTi, iittrlmps. 
to thi« rule ie tb& occjisiorml iia& of Uiv Hiiffil iviUi ktill in li fw 
eKpresBiODa, ob il ^uniro kulliik <(/i i/'jur U/e (for "lunnUc kullu), 

^ 3U^. Tb« |iofi,:^e80iyt:< !# curioualy uei^ii For Ui3 dQOjof^Aiirdiive 
tu tliEi pxprcssiMiiA lj ^6mTr uuiijlrK KimiU, Al'., aa ruo, I3 wmaU 
ma rulitisli / h^t^n't i-^''n th^syftit ; inti fi mibirok ma Bhuftflahf 
h't^fcnt y(Ai '^t't-n htm aii {^<'iir) iftsi/ 7 



THE POSSESSIVE TRONOUNB 

§ 393> It lui9 b«i»i; tittjij Unit Arul^ic hus no tlistincl pQaseu^ive 
pmiinuni, tlimr pliiro bt-inp fciipplioil bv tb** duBlxeH or thft viH-rl 

J; 391. The BQLMindorT pOMpaaives pit nc» AfV", oflwell nHtbp double 
ptJ6ai*siivt formH fter/, fUM, yurw. tfmrs^ uro iiriiiullv espresneil 
hv bfltii' viih iJn* snffii^fi, biit BonipMmpB the imiTn i*xpri?BRMi^ 
the object p'li^^^sud ;» repeated infiteiid, ad d kiti'ib dn kitjibt 
thU hook if fit it ftHiff • i\ fuli\Fi d\f\ fulilsak wall^k GClen (For betH^Ak 
itjillu bptfl'5) M /A I'n monp'f ytt^int nr mtif f A fi'mi.- of ftiwr^ i'/ 
yimrri, A.c.^ is expressBrl bj' kit^b llvik, or kitAb min kiUtiAU, 
kit^bfitj^k, Ac, IT kilAb tiiin bof>iVf, ^c. {mis ulao J i^U), or, Jeod 
tdkiDiJifivjilly, v.Llitd min kibJlMtJ. ^c. 

S .1i>fl. WJuni the nmiii d^notfls r lirin^ ohjpct wp may iiae 
the mdefiiiitft lulicle, and mereiy append the siAlbs to the lioiin, 
Aft wihid ?alibt il ftitfid of mijic, 

ItEflAKE. — Wli^n tb« denmtiptjiitiiro ifi us^ witb tb« noun, 
tbo (xis^flSfliTP is exjktPNjwid b_v » illative vluuee, an ia eiifm <Jl 
illi (hiva) b^lftLfiik tftm tnhU nf '^mn-M. 

% 31)^. Tbf< |rorucii^$ive Ia aonietiiuee exprcaaod by th? detinite 
iLTtidH ^hnc t\n3 Uiruij ifl piet-udc^l by thi- |Fr<^poflitiou li with a 
pn>nniniriAl vdOIk lui tbe iiidin'ct objitft r^f a Toi'b, as kAABartl b 
J qaliiEi yo*i Uav^ brof.en mtf peti , khassiiili nna ( i-ktutfaort^ liisa} 
t *ikl you A't'v fifji'iit 'i'lr uxrd ," or cTon vhon thore is no uidir[vt 
objrt^t uApr^ASfiil. tbo Aubjvrt of tb^ Vfi'b being thd pgiu^Hifaoi uf 
tbft object. aE bifbl a^hsil tLd('ii I iraui tft vxtMh ti\tj titimfif.^ 

1 The p4>«in«^ivi* prim'tnik \^ r^pbui^d by the art-ide in a frfw 
biLlF-JLdverL^iii-l plt]ii«p<^« im iiim 'lul^ik itiiiiJiuk iti^i r,ikdibtib« *iiJ<'yiL 
jvbail-iQ il 'uiiir I /.tivic ^'fu W'tiiil lui.'cr in i/t/ur iifn tell vic a itt. 



2^-i 



THE SPOREK ARABIC OF BOYPT 



REFLEXIVE AND HECTPROCAL PRONOUNS 

^ ^!}T- WbnG ID ail Engti^K pbraw the nction nf n ?erl> is 
mkilerfittKul U} Lave 1>i<en {i^rforui^d b^ tbe KubjrH.'t litciilepttkllr 
on *on^M pwt nr pro|H*ity if ilsi'lf, it U iirii»] tji pliu'i* tlii^ vi*rl» 
in Anibi^ iii b fuiui thut bvAi'S a piLertivu Bt,LfTii^t^'^tir>D. jvA ^U^l 
Tikji-Uj'it / ^I'-'r" bi'uk-J^t 114'/ i':'j ; imiufji" ftjt>[l'u hr: fuw ntt fw 
thujft irjf\ ihlmliiUTu^C bui"i"H]'L:i ifhi* Unn f'ffti fur f*^il. Kii^SAT^ti 
rigli, qihr-ii' ^uhViin lire nkmvtimi^s sniil witJi tlio ^ame 0«nsQ, but 
thoy might, iia^ily^ th^t tbe uct tiivl boen done on purpotie. 

§ 3lJJ^, The iibaenco of apecLiT form* for tpflexitViiDil rtcipn>c»l 
prcinoiiiXH is Mujipliml. ha Wf liuve hbe-d, by mtmiia of tliij niibfiULii- 
tivea nufq. Im'd, and others, with the hplfi tn gen^ml of tho 
pi-onamiiuLl tiiiflixes, Bn-'d 10 eoini^tiiDca rtpoatod witb tht^ otiSaXti 
iuv amphiiais, aa m'du b*Muhum il ba'd iAe^ h^ipid o/if ano/A^. 

^ ^KfS. This EQ^Iitih wold 4iprt liiLS QQ ejtiift equivajeuti, bub 
Ihfl amphiwiH whifh it conveys osn gpnenJly ba rendered bj 
placing thH full per^jiul pronoun after the «ut!ix^ tboufrhtbiedoe«i 
nrjt always imply in Arabic a^y purbiculnr stream (§37ll)» u^kuutl 
f hdlt uia / i/'o^ lU F/r j/ rnfn ht/u^t^ ; diL fitiuj^] r^zia ( = Ahuglf tt-xa^ 
tfiaM'4 utj/ oixm 'ijfnn'j jIa milk nbflya, beUi una (ur illi bUL*I &iu) 
li gita tanyn ^JtfiJ'j ittif /ntJiet-'s yropMy, my 9tt'ii ia in ^ifkfdktt 
qmtrttr- 

RiTM^UK. — In Burb hd eipr^^iuinn h^ wuIJa 1 viklud 'aln b^u 
(or 'aXo. Ii^tu Dofi^j) ^fd tcik fli" l-ctf to iitu fif'UfVy t'/ hi* otrn ht^^M, 
thufo i>xiflt« the aun^ nmbiguity jia in Eii|;li)ih, nor would it b« 
KDy dmrer whuAQ hoLja» >v^ ii^tetidnt if we wero bo aay 'uIa bAlu 
hfkwa (or b^wa niifjiii), 

K 4l>0. In iDJvny <.-il««k the iu£x alore expr&aftiw the idea of 

trlfy CkA kliinJ u^thit luii ht] tvt'k her vrci^rf J'rr htT!t*ei/^ Lft. \^ 

njfjtrupnairti ihcui . fthuf luk'iirifcbiyn we ti^i waiyAiu* j/ef ^irtimt^a 
i-arrtttg^ owf romp inlfi im. 

j 4(M , >V'irf niHv g^narally be trtuialate'1 by wAhid, or by 
b»M with *.ir without lU© *ui1lip», *3 g^iin f y^uj w\hiJ ttf i-om.' 
im /^ ncf '»r '^dj/ . luitfuhmti, t"ibum. wOljiil ^Arj/ arc r^/vric (i.e. 11^! 
eA« Mn») riyp, hriijtit ; hiininm [iiin ilur bn'd //rrv nr'' 1^ oB# 
iSM'Arir'jr, i.e. f/'C ■aftt' 1^; '^'^ fi-^^-^^fUfif, 4ni| %'onla <if nimibv 
ifiifiiirt. by mifa, ur 'Q^i, ar Ukt particle Ejil, ai^U tbn AuflijutAt •« 
fi \ If ht iiofiiihiik un fA«< ptlf-rama nitjht ; i^uhuiu huiuum d^l ttk/^m 
mri/ <knr* ; htym '^nbu 4t,e hrr i-er^ **//. Nikfi iniiy p™.'^lc lb# 
QoUTit wh«n tht> l&ttrr hovomM a kind cf portiiivo gf>iiiuv«; 



Like/ai ea*U mo /amA« for^ mtr nij fCKM ^a jantU: 



THE DBM0N8TRATIVE PRONOUN 



263 



H»4 Mife il yoiH li**tA' IS ^iifnr //(? »y^"^ -ian of the defariure ; Jiijn Iji 

S i02, Ba'i in t^iLivaleut to ibn £u§fli«h twK or ijwt cnKrfiA^r, 
VI yii^W SM bi Alnuf^/, Jin., aad und^rgoeri no r:hiuLg» af ULiinber 
orijfuuilor: thufl wo Bay in njswfln Itbodn ba'd, il wiliUl <Unihu 
Wil. Notii-i> ttu cTpreHMons humtna ah^n min bA*dl, tti^A in 

b&'iiu i/'« r?// ^Af Afime. 

% *<>3h Aa id En(:]iah, tha r^^petitioo of & word will a^^metime* 
sei've to Pirpi^ej^ Urn notiou of re^aitiveaedat aa ^ot vial^bili pdf 
rcicru ty^eiitfih kjip armt/iKr. TbiA is not iLii uudoinmoii idium iii 
Ambic. 

I 404. Tb9 peculiar nao uF Um irofd bikrv) witk the eullixo^ 
Dia.j belt; bu nntif'rd. lu geii?iiLl Lb irt eqLiiy^LtoDt ta tbo Kiigluh 
«i<Wf, antfhow^ iiotti-\th!tt(VTtfiin>j, all the vnne. and lakasi bli€i uiud- 
cuUna, FftQimine, or ^itural puflix turrordin^ to the gond^r mid 
liiimb<fr of tUa ohji-vt t<i whitih it reL<rd. ji^ kutite bultikir IfiiiiiijJc 
tiildfut ti\iJji, Ikkiix it LJAUt ginfh burditiiKn kusviiiviaUi / Ihnu'thf 
f/iiu Wiiui'i ijiGf mf^ irt'/r^, hiiirer:rrr, ffip £S art* ij'jod (■irfcjd'iUi') ; 
k«ttur kherkitm, batdiytL ana fnabsd^ thank ffuu, /ind lamnaiisjiid 
(implying tbjit moru w^nilfl bii\<r fivcn ^oi^ter pleii^nre); bjirdiiui 
linn [jiqbctl w« nijil iif<|HbUk ajt\fh'iw tre aiytjii, a'fl v^ili njirii. ff 

§ 40^. Witli the 0iffijt of the third peraoii it \a often UMd 
rvirt^rbijkllvi ii^ kb^dliiHititl bunJu I vgrot df, u b^rdu kitttjkr kht^ruk 
iftu rvniujtenifu'n . fio'cetjer, tMll satie/y nte. iruU&i I thutJc you 
JffT if; ID kiLii bi ^fis wulla min gher fidAn biLiNin y^ vldE xejv 
WdLi. yu'id burdt] m& iXah miiui^ brktdiyft ^ bba khodclAiunk, (.0h 
uihelhtjr tfcia pti^ rrte ar not, it'a ail ih£ tam*, it damt^i wwtflw; / wn 

THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN 

% 40€- Tbo rule* which goT^rn tho coni^ord of tU* QrijeL'tiro 
vith iU Aubhtautive apply to tlmt cf tbt> dtfmoa^tiatire pronouna, 
hu thihb u bruktiL phinLl ia tci^ ritifjueutly, and i\ perffiob [ilurat 
ix'nkaioTiA.lly, follmwisd rir reprf£i?iited by til uiid Jik-hikyar a« 
kull il ludhya di all th-^e. thiwji^ Mya ] WftuL dl ti^i *alok t}iv*< 



' For tho form tnkca by tlie eufBi with thin vuiil, aD« J ISO. 
It i» iomi'limi'ii pronounced with d. nrid is wiid l*i be dfiKtd 
fiuui bi ard, Chjj it b« lh*j Tuiltiih UitieK t 



nu 



TlIE SPOKJIN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



rtoOi^tiJii j/t'tit il big&t. ill ' iliese (hingit, U mbtakLdmilu (U (botler 
dfl) lAeif£ emplitif/tt . 

J 407' Ev^ii whoD an adjective qualifying a procmding nub' 
stuitiTC is n i>«rfect plural bbe dpimoDStr&iive wilj nometiicefl be 
in Uie feniiiiine eiiiguW, aa ir ri^^^&U 1 miattikliiliiQlD dL 

\ 40d. A c)&]iLoziritrjiti?» iiB wtill jlj4 a ppr?u)riii1 pronoun maj 
be «itbor in tbo ainguliLT or ptunJ when uiatKl wiib or refcimng 
to A coUiN^ive ncniQ. and ia more likely to b« in tliQ latter 
numbur vrheik tbe Indlvii:] ukU of the cbisi^ are separati'd ; thua» 
Alfitaiigh w& leAy genfu^ll^ 11 nuuild dib tbtv^ anU, i\ ^br^mtm dl 
thvc akfiepj ratbor thuii iL haiuIo dol, il f^hj^riMn di/l, we Diigbt caU 
to A drover limm il ^bubiua dol niiii eikkibuft fjeC thu^ ehvp 
toijdJier ('fTi'? taf\'^ tliei/i) out of in^ fpa<j ; so sLVlf iu uainle d6l illi 
mbribt^ii'tn fi kuElt? mATralj fot^ at tft^^^c atifit 4i'attcf^i at! oivr th4 

^ 409. Bhunmy& is almost utiirers&lly voed with a plural 
diJDioiiHtnLtiivn as with tk jdunvl aJji^tive, b« ahll iah ahuvraijit it 

tibno dol ta/ifi fVcaif thene jGio bits »/ etrttw. 

^ 410. AithoiL^ii bbo Bi]bt1antitft> qtiaMsd hj tb« adjective 
kAoi ^A in the Biti^ubtr, the dt^monAtratiTrt will be Id bbe pliiraJ, 
aA il Icam Icilmt^ dr»l fj^je /eir toirrdi, kjun kitab d/il Juyvj niaajr 

S 111. Ad inrariable ad jective, tvonanaed invariably, will be 
FdUowed by a plural deinooBLrutive tbouj^b the subtitanLive witli 
which it iLfrri.'es ia not eiprees^. as il balbdl diM. (H^^ § 32:!!.) 

§ dl!J, The deTDODfltnttive may, of fourxe, atand alone, refer- 
Hag to a EioiiQ undorstctod, ha du ^aan tftu U hdter ; d^ nAa 
taiyibin f/(^«e are pix^t peoplt: ; 'aus dif f^ j/r/u ician^ i/iMf (rafflr- 
ring to A femiDiDo object)^ Tt will generally affrf*e with the 
no»a unexpresfl^d, so that we sbould n<^t say khud da ItO^ thv, 
when iKiintin^ to a liut (bm^iit^) or other femiuiuo obji>ctt but 
iL \e sometimes ub^ neutrally when the objfcb ia iii>L clearly 
rdferrM to, oa dn (for df) LAga kuwaij'im ; da (hut baLl«ir dl) 

^ 41IJ- There is jiot the same diAtuitrUon bctw^n da and 
dik-lia, &('.. that there in Wtwi^ci f/tif and tfiat in En^lLith, da 
liein^ ec^itiviili^TLt ti thtit »lmoiit a« nftftfi Hh tt tM tn thru, and 
prtinUii^ t/) a cH^CjLht object ai* v>*f\\ 46 to a n<qLr oiiu;' f.,g. 
HhQf il Mull' dl hota'iull vb lieii£L f «n u^Ao/ M<;/ (fiW m dmn^ 

1 It aahyftt dAI 1« Toora ntoal, but iJ b&git dl U mcir^ frommoQ 
than ll b%it diU. E^eriotiiw lb the ctnly nafv pudu, 

' TbJti IB Iho renA>ij wbv two deiuuoatraUvL-e con b« ji>iiM|4^ 
together. (B<m» g 134.) 



THE DKMONSTBATIVE PRONOUN 



205 



th«re; il kltfllida Hi »LtarttQ lu mblrih yi'yiUi^ ti'>tfH hr likr thtit 
lifKik ichirk T h'lwjht htm t/ejtti>rdap I d& ahrV wp iJa shft this rV iirif 
ihinif and that i* ano^/'-r, 

§ 4H, Dik-lui and dik-hjiuwa DeceftWiHly Imply tbe ^xistencrv 
of ATiutlter object clohpr at baud ; Lhvis we siiv ldiu«hiilii» mm il 
tiKb dlh ilU ^findiLk, musfa min liik-ha Q" in iy this itaor nfar j/ijti^ 
uot hy thdf ther^' ; *&\i2 il buroGtu df walls dik-baiya^ do yi>u tcant 
tffU M vT the other J If the object* we beaido oqo another, w^ 
muat apeak of both as da; tbns. in the l^et tiXAmple, if Ihn 
Hpeakjer vera bolding the two hats la bis hand, ha would any 
*aiu il burnt^^ dT wallfr d!l 

§ 115. Do. oco&jiicirLAlij preceded bcth noun and article^ as 
*\ti 1 kfilam mubh kitwiiiyi^ fhaf o/fsertunt ia not eeendy ; bo in the 
lulT^rbia.! «ipr^Kii:in dilwLiqt, and it muf be pliLc^ both before 
and oftar a word lor tho aako of i^rnphai^, oa d& r ri\^ da, dt 1 
kuma dl, dah da! (for da eh da) icha/'fi Htis, rcfial'e thf mr^awfi-j 
I'f thu f We TDHv even in the iHHt Pipreiwion repp^t the demon- 
slTAtivo twice, iuvi\ suy dd deh dih ! d^fa dih da I kiil&m I 

g lis. Both dffl and dl ft^imetimGe pailiike mtiru of the natwi? 
of demoufltrative axdumatiouA than of pruoound. Thi,^ happenn 
in miMit of tho caces wh^^ thny precede the noiin^^ and 
thuy will tiot neoesurily be in conoord with th«m ; e.^^ dn 
dAti gib (or da BAn da f^ih) #e?/ ft and ito Jkm cutit^ ; deb da d 
dawAja ill I vthaf tort o/ an ink-pot is thu f kehir dn, <JU ? houft if 
iavj''! h'*in rari i/ni full it laryst da kalAmak ^h ? it^kttts thai 
■yiru'rf m<jin(i f Af^ ntmharda (or di nnsharda) thig v^ry day ; ' (Ik 
hiia fulfm here mx are, ttfiaetfffr it be; da IM! b^d it ictu niijfit/ dii 
itEiAlinrclii duDTa we bukraakhra* i.e. wt lire io-dai/, and io-f/nrrtvii- 
fFf i/i> ; da I ju-de kuHtha 'Am min kuu* il maivi nr^ M^ ^jUTui i* 
*»// ddiitjed ttutfi u^-ff ; da fl enuft di ma fisho horr fl*/iyi ifte-v^s wt 
heat at all thU 'jsar; yn dx 1 Jtki ib siddn^ yn dl ti tiuhnr il wiAtkh 
ib'/rf)^ II ^^dT^ nitiht, a dirin day, i« this/"^ kulte ma da (oi' dau = 
da whJ jisiridii he tjrt? /atter ami /otter. 

g 117 Whon the* subataatiTO ia quaUfiod bj an adjective th(« 
d^mouatmtive nmy either be placed between the two or follow 
lb* adjective, as id dawSya Ji 1 kebira f^rr Id dawSya 1 kebJra Jli 
thia larye ink-horn : il khaddiLmln del d Uittulin (or il bhuddiriLln 
il bLLtt^LlIu dol). It should, however, bo alwAVS pLured nfUr thi^ 
puti6ijaAive adjertive beU' to ptbrenb t:oiifu9Lou; ihua 11 khoiUU- 



^ Comp. tho pleonasm in 11. qaMt'o^fffi luid Fr. a* j«wdV«itf, 
<fffj^' and hut being from the Lat, hodie ( " hire dir), 
' I.e. Hiot a flight f/ hirrmr^, a i^nitil* datj / 



3G6 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



intti br>lQ't flu) t/teitff ^frtrant^ ttf ffifn?, tint il kbtuidfttulu ddl betU'l 

§ 418. 3iiuilHi-ly^ wlij^u Iwc nmirtfi oj-e iu A|ip.ffiEViin]| and 
*!ipMiftllv wh4»CL tho srtcond U hsocI iwijwiively, l.hn fl ftinoft*ttr»- 
live EDuy iiit^rvmie ui- lie pliicnd o-ttcr Ixjtii, o^ il wnliul do, it 
(Aimb (or tl wtJail it Ln-lnilc dn.f tfiit tchftfd-hnjj ,- i] pnU/iHjn di 1 
harlr (w U yiJIahly^i. 1 Wtr dt) thin gilk fftm ; W bi^f dii I liiulld 
for il Mb il hndlii du) ihit iron (jfifs ; hut it ubiiuMv fullovs tlii> 
Mcond^ whf^thi^r a puro ^onitivo or nut, whuD tti<^ two tkro oloeoJy 
umt^di as il qjhln.m ir iii^ da tltt« i'^vifi'pertcU : ia «ikk» I kadld 
dl £fju ra.ilir.ftf/ ; ir ri^^jAlA I jjlian lU'd /^jw rwi^f A fti^rtir* ; ir rfllj in 
nasMdir dl fitjn arfl}""rtia ; i^h shiiVAiyit. 11 h&bbit, il oioij^A diA 

I 419. The deiuunatmtiTe is a^cd without th? Jhrticle with h 
pTnpfi' nrLiEiO in tlip i^ingiili&r. bizC if twri nr morit piir^nrm of th«t 
SiLiD« imme oiv Hjiokvii uf it will b« ftoovinpuQi^ br tbv iirtiolv, 
u A]t>li'iTiiiii;Hi dd, thu (mat* cttUedt) Ji,, but U Mehammfld'^QB il 

Itff^AIOlllUlldt di^), 

3 4211. The nrtidf^ irt ttinn nmittM-j iH^rm'tt Th» Aid>HtA»tivi* 
fnlfln jturA 'f ofie (but not with th^ jidJA'tivij. fulAUl), jirtil i^eaer- 
iLlly Ii^Fiire A wnteuco fH]ijivu]eot to a nount i*a ti'flr.u lii lUh d* 
/Am rra™ /nun rMfWi 0^*/ jtrotryi ine,^ hiii il iaoiu ib da ^ib {or 
himii ^h dji ^h) /Afjr Jl/r. Wlfttt'it-hiM-wufu^ htu t^omtJ^ Finully, tb 
ia often dropf>tfd boforo Aubatantivea goveriLfHi by abb *ud unua 
a 201). JiB ummo 'hhH^tq dS. 

I 4^L 7'/iw aad tfittt niuy oft«n be renderod hy tbo adT«rb 
k«da fo, us ]ii.[nma Afitifm tDiumi Icede Icunte raylj aHmba frA#n / 
>f]Tj? th^t from him ( ^ fun tin ifinf), J ifa# atynd t'l trtrtk^ firm ; no 
lu*d« k«Io ■'/j!4*r M{i/, S:c. Kft\t> is vquiwloDt ta thr Engliflh 
itvkiniinhtrittivn wii w tnivh n phi?i«e ua hiiwa Mikruii t K<»d« /« Atf 
rlrvnL f Hf t4 *«',' 

!^ 43S. Aho rn4>% )[lca da, bo umkI mU'i^rbiiLlly ; Uiua a vroVAMi 

gkt *he T nft*. r/j*r« ^le'* nroje / * 



^ Lit. thU I tfck rt/^w wi'ift fJwf Ifrom), 

' Abiikitii ilft 19 inrtl by th** "neibirjitiiil. f8ee |S 249.) 

' ^ wu4» urigiivtilly a protiouu vulv, iLcugh dow g»ner%J]j 

uwd ihtf &u jiivcrb. 

' Notii.'^ tlkut uhu and )ihi4, cJiuu|{U fijr uIiuka Biid :tlil>4, 

fiiftj 1m iuiM with the Itrjic ptavun* 



riJE INTERROGATIVE PBONOUK 



2^' 



THE INTERROGATIVE PRONOC^i 

i*e|^itiiiitig or tlie eiul of a "liri'i t aeut^iioe, na mtii dujaliak ? {or 
ijjirabuk citut) vrlitt ttrurk i/<"i 1 mtu gflruk? (or gilnfck m!o?)^uT'w' 
M jiWjr n«»r'^'^('Ui'7 mfn g».y bukrui (or jfji v biikrn mSn?). Ellin 
only plaei^d nt the bi^itming wW^n conRid^r^vbl© utrea* U laH on 
it, the rdfttive Uli tieitig oftpo msertc*! bebween it and a verli 
iu lliifl cbse, tta I'h ipl luk (oi^ cb illf qal \ak) ir rfi^it littf if^a/ 
fivu If fAflf mrtrt *n:)>i to •^ov f Hert^ ic ordiTiftrj' i-U'ouiristJWirejj 
^vu wuiilil dn,y ir j'A^^U da qjiL Lik 5h? (or qnJ IjJc «h ir r&^il djht), 

RbUARK. — It is very uciLiual in iiny circum stances for />h tii 
|U"P<iflJ#» a v»»rb when thw latter is unt flri^niapaniRl by oiij oUi«r 
woitI ; t<tr niHtiinoe we very seldom bfaj- t^h qfll ' for qfl! j?h ? ot' 
i^h 'aui^ For ^U]^ i^h f It lit not i[ifrEt<|UUiitly Uio tirat nrurd in tk 
t4eiitencfr wJicre tlie 5nbatatit]v« verb id undcir5toi>d, oa ch da f (U 
tI t-'^g'^ '*^^ irfm/ {(■-) ^/!ijy /Ae>j(; T 

U^h niid itn equiVLiletit *ahfc fthiu f-h ff*r *ivabfiu fb) /nr trti/jl 
r^uonf tiheFt-fiif^l opy \\\\\. idmoz^l iiidiGorodlly boforu or itftti- 

KimilAT" t^JkjjrPrtsinns ^pn^Tiilly Htainl first in tbn s^ntpncp, Jinti 
tLid ia invitrijibly th^ [loflifiou of ^sb ? 

Aiihu, &c., AA veil b# ftiil« Diuflt pi'Qcede the ffuboljuktive nith 
nhich tbt^y Bre used. (Sei^ fi 12:i.) 

In mdir^t s«aten4rp« tb« interro^tiv^s sboiilil &Iwuys follow 
the flnai verb, &» q&J Ink dorabu mln ^ did tie tell you utfic $tTnek 
liiiiv ? 

tt 424. MJn^ may "onujUmes be braufllat<?d tiy the ^^jectii^u] 
int^i-i-og&tive vrhirii' bein^ pructifAlly ^uivalant to anbi] or 
niLl, 1L3 m^n ffbum M^bunimjid? ifhie/r of ifiem r> M,T When 
i(i|ifviter] with the copulutiro, it fuixas a kind of plriTul. «a mln 
iL luln ^hilfllk ? (oi Bh&fnk?) v^m icers thtp tf:ho saw yon f kun miii 
u mln mrLiig^ln i (or mntigl^d I) H>ho ir^rp present ! It mny b« 
fatlowfd by the Mutivi> illf. the 0iib«tantiv« verb &nd tb4> thir<i 
pentonul pronoun bc<in^ uiidpretood, >a mJa UU dumb il ^«a4 ^ 
who waK ii irfw ra/fj the tieU ! 

^ 4?!>. Kti, like min, miry be a^d vitb k ptunil nmin, aM £h it 
hAp'it iltl f ^'"hiih i ff/iJi^ fl/v Hi' fffitKf* vki^f' ar^ in yr-if /nn'ki'f ? 
rh il kuwfii' ^i'] ills ^AUA til*'hb biibnm f It iHrii^IitiiEilly, bol 
romewhut innmit^tly, iL<ks iHtft nnhu wnd ani, fw nno or morn 
objwtd out of It diffiiiitu iiiinib4«r, aa rulite *aU tb bi-t tu!n dAl f 
/u lefurh "/ thi^ie fiuuitra di-l /jitH \fti J 
"-* 

^ Huwa [Quy^ of euui^L\ be QK^iesaci tu miu buwih 111 gib f 



SeS THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 

S 42fi. Its vte as iL genitive in f^icb phraser aa Kfl^t ^h 
(or hagi £b}? i^ittit i?h f koio eixT (alluij^ to in g €4) id vcrv 
cciinTaoFii &nd, with an &d]Mtire, ia equivaleut to tbat of Um 
udverbiEzAyi lLus 'iLij^nit f^b P duet iiotH mtun 0/ ^rhfti it the 
Hi r which voiiM b^ 'aijiina bi @h? but /<oec cin the f'C tUJ fti^d 
implies a diAbf^lti^E in tho Htutomcnt. 

Bi^iiutB' — We iDuy iay v'lih aluioati identiooJ lueuungi OL ! 
'aijlTiii ffiii? (ur iMi ilir *<vaiui, c!t !). 

£ 427. Somowbub siniilar i^ tLu> iirip of fh witb a v^rb in Bwh 
niLexprt«r^ioa ae istanua I I«tii.nuii oh ? y oi^^ / What do you jnfan 
by vjittt f irAy sftoaid J tea't f 

g 425^. Tba neutf^r iiit4>i-n>^tiTn mil la iimkI onT^ witb th*^ 
pr<tpflsitif>n li virh tho praikomiiiftl snHii^ie. »s mu In v/jaf Aij 
/(^ J i.e. vital r'rf (fe *«(iWtr vnth Limt' anji m& K? ii'fmt'n t/utt 
it me f mk li u ma \iakl what k-trx I to '/" frith ^uii f m^ Ilium 
mill U fuJuj* iltiH ir/iat ihare Ititv (hrtj in ffii/i tmrnej/ J inX Ihxtiu 
li 1 Fulftsdolt vh"t htipc tJivy to lio with thi* ftumitffi Whmi *M 
the ni'ttier leitlt tkia r/titn, iroinan^ i^^-^ uumt. h& ti^iiulat^Ml by if 
rS^pl il» m&. ta? i\ m&ia dl nm tlial (or 111& lu li r rJl^il da f 
im.), iiDt by niA li r r%il d^^ ^. P.h la souietimda oddnt 
p|M)ija(.tLcally, lUf mi Lu Cb 1 



THE RELATIVE PRONOUX 

% 4^9. TbU vhkS^ of pruiwuiia tm b^^n alreadv treats of Ut 
poTn^^ ei^tent under tbe PoAsenMvef; and Sii1liTP6p ea tbnt only a few 
reuiiLrka w^fl to b^ tuJde<t herOT UJad firstly : — 

^ 430. Tbo T^bidre lUl i^ not expre^f^nt) wb«n tb« nntect^dent 
]« indefinite!, or the v«rb jd the t<diiiiirtT cljuise, whetbor ti^ri?B9M] 
or iind^rstoftd, bus the *MiS© of ■ pluperf^f.. In th* farmer 
cnao the rolntivo clnuso iH often ct^ui^iUi^ut to a quaJittbli** 
jKijective, ii£ Uya bft ma fih»be aK-iiit^ ntintiu / hatv a h&UM 
th'tn wUuh therf i* tunw. bdUr, tcrtitvi i<j Ti"7f , yibqa wUiid ila 
khaddhn u^nlu thi*ri' rt^wiiint orw iffm hn* wl 'nfi hni jmtj ; ftiiwil 
n^il pih ab£iy*fc the Jirti man i<t covie vyit m^ Jathrr ; fib bftb 
bejikhtwt ilt^r-^ i> a r/iMr b*iu^/iny . £li niV* mu yiiliiblmJi?*b tfun 
at^ jn^piv fpf\o Jon't tUif him, fl rB(?il fi I 1»AI» bi^yi-i'iii "ul^ Mrr« 
M <j rrwn ^ the'/w" fvKiifj/or yoti. biltOr fjuuwitu 'UbHli liU|AtL 
iin vrufif.e iff tn^"tfi fvr^'^jH/tf^'- ; ^(^inl leuiu M. tme natturd M^ ; 

> QaV'* olten FalU out, mt td diny* daLlma. f>iLLmi lAh 1 Ifor 
fklmit Ah J) fnow t^n ^ou eaU ti d<irk i 



THE RELATIVE PRONOUS" 



aeo 



f t£t oahlMj Jutish nmugiM r/yi uvni into <i hoit-e wTtOM atcner vntn 
fi^*rrjf ; qftMlDFL wAhici wisLsJiu mekiiaLaLui' -u^e Jiiei a nuin with a 
gidkij /<i\-P. ; hiiwiL ra^Ll tna ji'mf »iha bfi^ he m ii ^itan teho knoici 
rvithtn^ft aa ^^/rttfrit'i'tit : du rA^U 1a ba'BO minnu (or 'blflh) lAn 
a/nohjoriionaJif'S man , kiUlm tak IfLah a^l art un/o^ruicd fftaterri^Td ; 
gAbu 1 Wfilud kHuu [uhzuumtyJDU ^if^ i/roaiihi Ihe hot/ teltovi 
ihf.y bad afr^-ittfj; MJip'/, i.e. hnfiv^ premoujify bnth^/t Mm ; mm 

ihetn TAU Oif^ ka'/i, f'lr whom thfj hati rent. 

Reaiark tf.^WLere tLe relutive la tha objoirt of the verb the 
Ruffil may aj^o be amittS'l, as mu 'undLsb odd! lnJc (ur iLddili IilIl} 
/ Aj^c^ »ii>ri?j nothing, to fiiv yvw, 

RuHAiiB b.- — Notice tbe eipreasicpti *fti]fi flDndQq. ^fiiuu ^ictiu 
pb I ( ^ 'a^xit ilLi jekuti jjiiiMi ub i) J urofti <■ ^x. Wh^Jt kirtd do 

you l^iftut f 

i^li\. TliL^ uut'Oct.HJfiiiti laey h^ omitttil whou ibni^ la no 
ilnubt Ad Ui lis iJetLtitVpUa illi kixn hiii& r&ii btiiik. This ia 
of ton tbe ffiisn wh^re tbt* nnUvei^r^nt r« bi- mippliciJ is in filid third 
p«ranii> as iiL |in>verb«, »i8 iLU niu y«Abufs]i«i uim iJ gburbil a'mn 
h'} irh'> '•{t'tfi^'t ff'tr thr«Hijh <\ fliWv ie blind ; iil! mit iubsbo Liwld<^, 
lub Rrkbbiiui ^ /j0 rr/fo j« witfunit itnti ufte. ij^c. IHI la f.'quiviilQuL to 
tli« Eiiyti^ whfti vhvu lAtuTidiiig for Ifiat iphifh^ as illi Ei'rafii 
irijfklli lihk rf/jf^f / A>i(jrf / uti/ f(// yuu ; illi ebuftu ana iuDu hilwu 
Hi darnibiL r^Aaf /oo^ 1^00 j^of (4 00 /or a^ / c^iJtf wc) li uotf Atf 

S 4-^2, 1111 . , . wi 1U I1HA thft taK& of 4^rt^ . , , aHCf''^^ or 
fA« c^'jff . . . 1h» othi^,- 49 illi viddl la i^usb^D wi Hi yiddj lu 
toUb qurdab Wl Hi viddl lu lU'lnb^u ortc -ntieB him tieo t't^^i'tr^, H'l- 
ot/itT Oiree^ an'i anofhtr/'itir ; illi yigd buki^ wi 11! ji^O ba^de bukru 
tO/ii» t'ljits lo^riorfiiii'. i\wi ofher^i tJie day nft^r. 

%^yS. Mi (luaj j>>fiira aliuj:i3t oicluaivi^ly to iniuiiiniLto Ktiti*- 
f^friilA, corT<^HfH>ud[u^ to tho \ja.\\a ijiitfi at id qw^d* It soiao- 
tiuiea uijutfi.liia witbiu itdflf tbtj ff'tce uf batrh antucf^dt^nt uud 
felftT.ivft, ftfjd iLH thi* object it <io#s not, like illi, require iho vaib 
fo t'llcQ Lbe ^uffiX' fC^cc^pt vbeu followed hy the frepotiiUon 
bAu (the capiilii beings undpTritood) ita ftntcoodout, winji* ex- 
jirflfistnl, tbciotfli Pi>ruL^wbut deOaito in eticido, U uhv^ ncduu- 
p.uipd hy rbft mtii^lfl. 



^ [|] tbe L<it|ii-t^a3iiru illi yid^i luk btiiiLiiC m^ tolmfiliD ditinu 

I'^niviil^it to izit diU Uk wftbirl 
' As *pd . . . t/M m Fr. 



tro 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



Tth is rtiofhtly ii.sHil in thp thrw Follovrinp qimu:— 

ia) Wh^n it pnrfjihes of lite luiture of An tmfettnite pmniyin. 

[6) Where it i& equivulent to thp Kn^L^sh relative that f^t- 

iljLl* *ir pi^rioil of lime, or l.lie rwlalive isIhubi? buuig in tha pom- 
lioQ of H ^i-nitipi- gov^a-atvl bj the *.iit«^t^l*»at, 

('■) AFti\>- the prcpijfiitioos c\oh\, tu'd, lif-n. 'i^ahAti I^jlIk eiiHn),* 
£3?>,ii.uil tbe substautive kull, fininio^cuiijum^tiocB witljtlieiu ;«-;/> 
kftllit ma 'liniiu niin i] falfl* uK f/u» timru-y li/t ht/, whnf^rvr m/mttf 
>)/ /iftM ; kuUo taft lu tp/wtt^ter he iiiu ; kihauti nid nii'J fAff '•cxf 7 fmrt ; 
jjriri 'tilji Akbir mu mi'lb /^a rvn of /d^ as h6 cvatdf gH. i\« kitetfi ; 
'ula ma ebrif (niA astiQr) luna (U fitr as 1 rjin m«, jitdrjc ; luft bfil 
h^|[^a^ u ntA h(-n. li«wid ht>tie*^^n red and hladt ; U nuuAfa tnk b6n 
lituan f/F^ dirtfrnct fe/uwn /Ae fifo; aliain mi fi 1 phiOftm l>eitt a/ 
rvpt'jthiiiif fi?tioifiI fhv theep, i.v. of ttH the tiliecp ; ana nkboJ' m4 
fi khwati (ikbwSktl) / am Iht: oldr*£ vT titi tmj hnttheit, Le, fAdrr 
Ififin 'iJtij f'f mif f/mihi*n, niHtn^ll ""^ truh rOh, i.e. /fe irhm 

tit'a«hahiL akuii h4dir / yiit Ir^ rr^pfy tm f/im tin i&fj (Un frrw) 
^ju Aqiv din^i ; saimh mA Ki'il lt I'ii^i] (or aatttb ir r^^'it mi n'il) 
Mff mfji'-rt ^^i/ ( ==/(/r uA|!M) /A« man ^t arvfry; mic kiJtre iii4 
k4o xdL*lia ' ^ti/ir tfi&€Mett of Am arty^''; qaUo mA yi^! hi\f'ttt A* 

Rbvabk. — In mves & And t tnl elwul'l lifimiyli&tvly pr^csd* 
tbc verb. 60 tliut it is inoorr^ct to eB,^ mtl-Hib mu r rAffil n'iJ, 
qbbl« mil il «aLkd fiili, but see ^ £iT9, cotp. 

g -i.K, Tliii ^rjiifl i;p i^cft^ri ii>tH<l inht^^i.l nf \\\\ inrjiMAwheQ 
ihit iLiitut«d«at U A. pm-io] of tliu«, liH niibAr in airlnM iA< d4i4^ 

r&^U(ii 'At vtarurjit thi^i/ tcvitt. 

f! 435 MA (ui' tit) iiL iHtmi'tiiiLeh omitted in i*n»n h, &« ttipt U 
» EoglUh, M n'rcifu min jAin kuuU Jibiif tu fi bt^ wAhtd fa^^bl 
I kftca him j«*v a f/ny 7 ukrl kitn ai tft^ AcMt o/ a frUnd ^ 
nlw; Ml Wibiih ir r.l^iJ ti'il tkr. rrniiart tke tnrvx fffri tmffriff. 

J 430. WhiMi tbtf tbuxL pt^riu.>iiii1 pmnoiin {» tho nibj«ct of A 
▼«rb irf wbicJi tail U tb>i ohjwit. it inmy htt upp'^nilnl to mil in it4 
dtortoimt f^irui lui u huEU^^ ii» ia ^iJ* quMi* mAhum 'ftiudn ftbovitta 

' 'tmhnn ma- Lftt^ '/ucii. UuJ. OiT«k fti^i ( =U vri). 
* WU?4i tlift iliint poncuml prtifLOun ttAtitl* tnr tint Hiib}orl 
fiT tiM v«rb it mu/ bo aupaiulod in itn «burt««i«H| Tmn Uj &iL 

' ThU I* juore viviJ iLmu mla Itutra uh^u. 



mSTniBUTIVE ntONOl'NS 



271 



J 431. Wlitfij u ntiLt^riiHJit ih timi\e with n^ittT to two nr 
tuoi-i* olijftU, rtcd Uit* BfK'aker proi*i'e*U U> daBoe iU partu'ular 
rulntic-ni Ut ouch oDfl oF them, the first rony b« rffi^ned to, 
vhethijr ftiiiroftte or tjiaoiniat^, by mil folkiwBd bj tlw peraoual 
pronoun, l.b** two togethnr bfinp tMjiiivftlftnl ta tbp v^rb yaiil iii 
itA »dvdrbial iien!i4^, A4 AimqiLri^t il kit^bco jca huwjL ktfiWk vi 
Utah *a.{\ ; Uj^'t it tiJAtiA kukLuhum oiddblijiln. mil huvra. Mrbum- 
nmd Jiiailiilb bj m^Ni IJ mdi-u wt IfiLHiLn r^Au inAi^Cfi't^ wi 
Hsfiii in:idr(lbbi Blkktna G quibu t found if it-rtt till (hri'B alum fhten^i 
— J/uAujjfjjW lihtjt ivifh a bijl^ in hu ehi^tty Hatt^tt ic\th hi« fteaii 
Kovr^K "ff Hiitfi'i ftabf^ to thp Amrt trifh a knkf<'. 

RuiAKH. — III! ziiay, uF courw, bti uimhI m tliu aim6 wuy. 



DISTBIBUTIVE PRONOUNS 



g 438. Kull ill the 



of 



BtlbfltAEitiVB, jin kiillis rA^i] MJi^ry i7«nn. hi:!!^ b^LgiL rrJf'A r/jin^/ Init 
whuu iJdi-d witlt » dofitJito noiiik ii itt tvuuted ikd u subtittLHtiTe. 
ihud ifl folluwt?!.! bv «^ i^eiiitive or i^ f'trioad i^ter tli^ uouu with 
thn [U-wkiiuluil] kuEUx^ uLULch(*d lu il. ais kidl ir i'I^^ilIil f/iff \fhoii' 
€if the rn'jij i,e, itJf t/tt ni'^i. kuU il luiiitiLkLdiuiiu ai! Ihts t^iiffotjefi 
Icitll ill diii;f»i ihe tchoff ofiltit^ tarUi (tw- ir H^>ralii, U luiHtfikJidiinln 
kuiluhimii v\ itlikja kidlihjk). Wbuu tbv^ nuuii it undoi^tutAl acid 
not re{jrHrii'nt(Nl bj u |ic>rsDEiii] pruiiuuii, W kail iiiikV bn iieitKi fov 
rJf rt^ //t»^/, Mf Wio/f? "/ ifr UB figib Jikk kiou wuJiid niiubmii, 
libuwiuyu fninbuiu V Hub 11 kuU, Hkidl I bnnff yju ft few it/ t^ni , 
n/inf ^'/ it J Brin\i tf\€!>i itU^ ihc \iloU o/ ii. 

3^ 43tf. T'JI exjiTfi^f^ tbn wb^dn ill thi< b^U8^ of i^Kt^^njiion 
ever (L period, unJ t^ like kuLU :» »?ubstatitivid, ue \ii] in nahjlr rAf 
n'hfiir &j' the liii'j. When foUowiuj^ its substanitive it dous out, 
likif kull, ukc* th** prutiominal eaihx, but pUva the poji U nii 
odvirb^ HA bk flliufMimiin il 1^1 tUl wnU c italikr f-Ol. 

g 44ti. Utvri/ i7n« U «xpn»A4ed by kuUe wjlhid^ kulle bny fi.«. 
rur-ry iiinfif/ ixf u^ji kull in nuSf kull^ laiii k^n, J^o. ; crirry irnf c// Mr 
mf'tf, ^hTTjf frnr i^/ M'' tnjifkHf bv kidlo wnLid aiia ir ri^^Abi, kntln 
wihid mifi il kitfihAt {or k\i\\« ni^il min ir r^/^fJii. ktikle kiTflb 
min il kiliilult): ffl''*r^ nnai of tftf"* by kullo ri^fU miuhum; »! 
kuUn kit.lU kulle k<ibln"»ya, nijiihtim, n-fr^ oMc/' by kulie lAal, 
cr kull TijIIuwhI by «l uuuu in tbe dual, &a kulJe yiluitiii cury 

S4jl. CMf /'y OfW i* fixpN*Mwl by witid w/ibil, or by iliu 
rt^pt-tiliuii of ihif iioun, aa yv<riUiCl ^jU^i 1 biyuf' bet b^t f/ii^y yo 
ttmnii tu tim kuuii>^ vntt hy vw; ttto Uj/ (tro by iimo iOtdu, wid i**t 



373 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EUrPT 



niiiat be renderwl by periphriLtit>H, ila kull« Wilhiii min litn^o 
yigbdftr j-i^milu 'nfJier of iht^ ^aii <'i> i(; kuUe wAhiJ (or dih we 
dib) yi'gibut [or litnSn yi'pbftni) cither \ttU pfcaae ms ; mn^TMt 
(lib wbJlik dih bi^h&miq litu^ii a muhap to i^Cfier jcill ruin tvCk; 
vaJa yi^flh wtJa wilhi*! tdU litnfu nr:i7' yi-i// eiUi**r of ihttrt arm§; 
'hue ufjhiLD mmbtiui F La dih wiila ijib v-^^tfA '/ f^i^n f/iJ you 
irn/r^ f N*^ithcr ; inJa waliid loil Ktm'-n gib {or UtuSn ma gOeh) 
nnither of iftern cavie ; ' Luwii wi »h Bh6kb ma g1lah utfW 'te nor 
^/re ithcikh fame; la na (1u una) wilIu tiT^t fiMffi^ f nor ^r J ; I* 
Mhiunmiul WTila Hflt^n tifithpr M. nirr H. ; fi btor^n in Nil i/H 
i^iiJicr «idi oftJi^ Nile; TTula fi ban-o mio barren in KtJ on iteitA^ 
gidc of tht iVi^fl. 

- ^ INDEFINITE PRONOUNS 

§ 443. These Jucliuld tbe aumertJ ail^ indotiDite aj^iolo vrilliiili 
which btfthTs Diosii of Uie sejiaus iu wbkb tb» English oru U useri, 
ne buwn yiiukin yigi wahid yum jfer/iajn lit in/f i^wfl oiw ilaty^* 
iSHtil wahid kih (i.q. u ^liaiit uttirt) catn^ tt> mf* (^nf ud ui ki- 
dt&uite »iibatiaLibLve mny ba tiiLtL^Utei by ^\hid {or iiior« uaiuLlly 
i! vo-iiLrl), or linaln (or liniAn miiituL), aa kul&m r/yp dih riM**ftl 
il wihi<i iufh a remark raaket uji« ari'jyjf ; iLhaan Uikfriiii mA yteh- 
rubflho Eiyida "oc mite aa^yir li 1 yfim if i# ^^/!f:r that <JfH f/« iv^ 
frf'Lf^ («> nof to uittok^ more H'an ttj: fif/<irKti^ a daif . Ibuda 
iikiniiB. Lisim yi^mil waziftn walu yiutibih li Fkir in nAfl <;fj« TriiMf 
<i'j 4>rra'a c^iif^ uiffvysd htednif) the noUor\t of oihtt j-H^fif. Wh^^D 
THv^ Ld eqinT^lout to thfy UAod Iiide^iiitely. it nmy tw e;i(ij C8S(f>i| 
bj the Lbbii jrej'^M^D jrluiul of tbo vtib, &a yeqillu 1 IcaIkiu du vnA« 

% 444. Oiu A« A definite BitbE&Lntive qiulifintl hy ^q attribu' 

t.jr© adjective, wjd irrff^mug lo an objwt »b<'*w1j' inoutior**!, 
tiXra tiiidd JLii ifi|jivalb»ip in wiiliid. ui uuik gib (ii^'Ib) Uk wdhid 
kuitidyU, wahdjh kuvpiiyisn (lui.-oiiliTtf; >i» tbo noun LuidcmtoOtt 
u mHflCi or ftjm-) / tpiU bntuj yott 4 ^w/ vm ; b^l Lt b^m w&hid 

§ 445- Tti^< Liiiit mriv b(> omil>ttid wb«iu tlie noun Lu Jtiffc 
b««n qnftUQ^ by t^w jcljoctivc fippuwd in sonier «a tf f&hbv dih 



^ Not kifA 0/ 'Acm ^i(^7 ohtu. which w« would miulata by 
EDiiBb lltndn guiu- Wa ^y Itallu muib Q lutibllln, uMiUiini; 

none- L?^tf %* in i/- /j/iJ^t', 

* But itk J!i luLM-fl iJiomHrba to viy yCni iniu 11 Ijim (or yAn 
bin uLt il iyluk^ or yitin mm doTj. 



^^ 



INUEfrlNlTi: PRONOUNS 



273 



wiatkhi iddiiii (w&Lid) mJlf tkU plain is dirtjf, jjitfe jm a tlfan 
one. 

1^ lis. When <m^ and ihn other or anofhfr nm uppoBwl in li 
Heiiti>aci; to eoict other, tLoir Arabia ixjuiviJouU miiy bu omitt^i 

it AHiifit-iiitcs is ill Erk^lUh. tci iudic^u* ihA ni'^iikii;?, us mhu.t 
una gUuk li ^ihrx, mia l>ot U b^l r^ tpf^jf Jiofu out' fdam (o awAh'T, 
from ftuuae it/ ht^u^v; r'ijfie li f6q wo rigle ii tdJit f^'/«' /^V "I' '^^ 
tfie otfta- fhufu; id tid^uk bi i* ^IbQca we li be^vibb unr lumJ. 
nrruhhtiifi ti'nth tJtx Huap ^h\lii the lAh^r j/ovrt {tits tai/i'/'j : i»1df ]\i 
I gjfca-ab mill Id ii lil, Ijt. git'g him the tetter /r-fjrn fft/ur fmrid into 
hit ; y<iat Hb u yom ma Rait on/^ day tJicrr m iirnJ aiwlher thfTc 
um't / biti'th. timulil J YOm 6w& u yinti la' tio ymi atv^ityn -/ot 
0»4 'kiy j/ix and auuihirr fio (i.ft. hsia dufj i 'Ifi mni afiofher ! tiim't) ; 
ila ^i\» vi da yiaa (hat j> itrn' ni/rt and thm im ariMti: 

ItevAiLK, — ^I'bo vrord taiii \tit^y t>e oddtil t-i tbu tiuuu re|joal«<i| 
us ruliiiA mill ^iiiu H gibo. Ia^ivil, iku. 

g ii7' Onp ^ ' , afiothm; ttn lubAtArttiveA, may he tmnelntod 
ill tiiia ooQnoi'tum by ill[ , . . illi (^ 43:iJ ; otte thimj . . . anot/mr 
fhiit^, bybi^b4a h . . bftabnii; ' pr we niftj repoul tiia aubstauUve, 
lifi da IcitiU) vr» (U lutAb. ttO' 

S14^- Afjj/ /'n^. liuyfr^dy^ any /vrwn (=#c"nfl^/y) may be 
ertid by Wi^iid uj* Wld, as i^Duftti wlbiii (or h&'id^if '-Jtii yon 
wee ani/fptJj// ijwt gib liadd tj <iiiy one ektmltl rttn'c, UoJile ujLu]i.L^ 
*iiDK yerftb T litf^ji any otiti oj y\H jfimf tti {f> ^ tJif- pbirnl any 
^.~H^fl/,e) by tiad, iiiiga, -l;^-. miii, ur tii]u|dy miu, :\a fiL u^a miiLkO 
rUkU MaqrV /^UfV any <:'/ you Le^n Co C/ii'-of vjkU Ii4^ik miu iJ 
wu^flnb r^or n^i/ uiiUl l^asin ; flL luiiJiuiu bAtUliu^ an; xintj "f 
thpm fmit (Fm- thauae of tbi* inrifltinitBa fy, *yibfl, »bp holow-j 

A< ttn indefinite quauUtitiv© udjottive {o^ftui = ^^Wi^) any ia 
not «Jiprea3c<i id Arabic, but &S tL subst^wolivo it is gonoTolly 
L'i?prosijubeil by tiiiii vitL u prDncinimik fiuflJA. bbougij Liirf Ji^oiti 
it oiay h& omitt**il, n* "auf. kurlLsi, Ulinij f */tJ ^t>ii rru^/ atitf f'ftaiVi, 
MlJ^ / mush *bUE miiihuonT luiiinu (or muab *aiu) 7 t/^/i V wrirt^ tiny. 

Bbvaiik,— 'With t)ie uojriLtivc Al^ns hiuld signi^oe nc <m^, 
fiuhod^, 08 am baddiitb ^ib notnuip raai'^ Anitihintj, ^'bon b<|iii- 
Vftl*mt t*> iomethirt'j, is r^ndeced by hlga, in otber tHscs by fiyibfl 
Jilga or kuUa ebin (ttbti ia) kin, o^^ ^imdnk b^ tLJdiM JiV ^P' 
JA'V OTjyf^tV/ ^<' ffii"^ 'J^f ^ iiAA W^ l^bh ba^ <JiLF/i'C ^c// h'lii anti' 
thi'u-j / ttddl lu ^b ¥ Idil[ |u I'.y JiigJi t?/'*/ iJifli/ / pire Jim / Gitw 
/fi>/i tsnythiiuj ; k(]11« «hin kiVn yiqdi anything mil do. 

ft 44^. S»ms iu the eon^o <^ oitotii \a boot tnuiBkt^ by the 



» Turkish- 



sr4 



TEE SPOKEN AEAIUC OF EUYFT 



iwm*? t^\fhii/ tjpar* fifit^ ylgi gum'ii^D qiil ahuftfisli if if mm^ ttM 
toeekt tinfe J va«t him / but tnm a<lvi3i'bft Tuujat ^ npf^ whorfl a 
futuro ^VBnt !« spoken of; tbua w« ^hoLild Dct saj hjbii'uil h^nik 
>tgt for \itla* saQabt-u), but tHqiElHLCi BaurLt/'D fur rdye sanat^n) / 
-hall ntntj tfiPTfi tome ttro ^are. 

J 4^6. ^om^bo'iif Clin Jilwft\s bn erpr<?8SP<l hy «/ftbii|. /i£ wfttfcl 
il&rub il ^ui'&i d(mi4r£o(^y r'an;' '^'^ ''^'^^ <^<^- > viftikir t^iiiuu w^iid 
A« f^iiiAj* Ap iff ttftneb'.idy ; latiurthin'j li\ IjAjjh. iSi'/'/" . . . nmif \h 
rendered, fiaon« , . . ujtoth^ {a.hav«),hy illl . . , IIU, ur hj ^h^ prv- 
pontion mm with tbe fliiffixoB, u^ gLIk ttU&ti& nfLEiu^ tniubum 
tvgi)& u minhom dibw^d thirlti /'ef>^ Aare com", wfrcr nmt rutd 
tome mmipri. 

§45L Th& fjUAiititiiHTe adj^etiv^ in unos^prusMfd (w any 
tibovo), ltd hit 'SaIi u EkMa u ^bD& hri/^o Mrne breoil, t-vfitfr, mftd 

'^iiliik *^»li f E\fA. T^il)ib. iiliUnI uiiiiiiii (or iddlnl) /trtm ytm 
K&iiuf Iffiiui 7 Yt*^ QfHtd, ifiirt nte jtoni/r. 

^ 45'J. Othtff 114 Au odJMEttve Gndu ita dr^uivai^nt in tlikl «r 
ilk atber WDitla alrAwly menbioimd* Tbe uiJelliiiCit nthfr tkt^H U 
(^iprnr^HLiJ by tAni ^h^r ur by gbgr jilou^^^ as vubda tjinya glklT 
Hikhftn ii'ii/ffwf than Bikhita ; oia fiftb koildo ghAr]. 

accoitlin^ ut thi' verb ih [m^t oc futore, Evt^t; ottuir <Iajf m 
r«nder«d by kill in tini yum, kulle yi^n^n, or kiille yuni wh ^Vkm^ 
) i63> Tho iaielinite relativea tphoci'/r, ichirJietfr. ^ehotcerpr, 
jK-t ore expteas^ by ly^ (or fyibA, fyulm) w&bi<i und ty fol* 
lowed by h ooan with or vitbout the c&se etnihig. i/iArjemrr if 
vriv^ be \yy ^y« vmbJiti kAn. l^iitAF^ il riils ab EngU^li iiid*-fitiit» 
leliLtivv may b*^ rendorod by iUf (or ind), ofpoiu puuio«l t^'iiu'tiBiM 
by ofiiGT tvordi tfi moke the seci^ clfuu-, na ilti yujmbn] nilmbb 
fdJ^tv^ N''t/iA4 iftn I ufiii airUe him; Uil U'^uiilu rv'milu anji irAuf' 
mw yn </» 7 (f^/J 'io , ill! tdUiQi biu<Hu »k\ui muh^i'Tt / p/^ni/ &« 
roatiaM vHh whnf.-ty^ you rfiff. m< ,- illj ytn^flhi IiOwb borclu 
kidb tffttf^iMr Atf #t»j/* M II lit . 11 V'^oi illl li^l ftb bftrdo yvkftn 
knivaiyUp ilM n\\\ tnkltdftnh itit4 nktidii j»m y/ f(4i>« irAiVAtvr 
I/** Jen'f ''iAt< , till yi-^'Hi ytgru W-^j'-j"' wi7' ^rt;7><ni %r%ti Itf^^oi^ 
i.*w haj/pm irhfti mt't/. ^iu[Ui mn Ug\ tigl ftt irkatfVtrr tiirt^ yov 

RkHAMC-^TIiArA ifl flf~kin''r>[in«fi a cvinfiuifin bMwiwri tb# In- 
d^fkikito i'^lativ'« Aiivorb ncd fhr^ phmcuu it«tiUpa« in (.ha ^tpn^ 
tAon yiduqqt) ] mABxlkft )i knllo tali bitdile yi<kliiub-<^i <^'' ^-^n 7 



^ Kul^r ma Tnmning u^wiivr. 



THE VERB: ITS CONCOnD WITE SUBJECT 275 




g 4^4- K,r, *ji u'iWil, Bit»l Byii\a nn^iiirH" tJn» ntmn to t*k** the 
t'r<iiT>g when tlio eJilisluutirt" v«ib follow* (tto VM-b buiug 
lUUally ill ojEicurJ with ttio houq), &s bi i?ve ^iqtiii kilnib &y 
Eijf^ nirdnd ^t/if<i/rr>j'r , £^e wihiJ ffqiliiii kan ttiii/ Bi-hvAmOfltrr, 
trfi'jvfvr hf ^(«/ mill dviibft dukkiiuiu k&uJi Jrnm irlvitf^n^r iJi^tp 'U 
i** : but bi ^y<4 ^Tlt|n ; bi ^y» loHqa oiiti 'ftoduk [or ilil ^uodab) by 

i'uj it j'rt'm any iJvitp. Eye y/llxil utid ^yihii w4^il bccumo 
*jM wubiHn rtud ''jilm wnlidiii whun follDW&d b> ft varh^ and 
rcnioiu niBaculiiiv though a fomiDliiij object b^ uuddf^tc^, oi^ 
0^9 Wtih^in gut, iddih libi f^KW t' ^cj uni/ tromfOt wht/ noitiM, 

§ 4i>5. Fulilu and Lho ikdjtMitive fuUiiI ore iJit Eu^Iish diWi, 
47 fimf i^, ond TQiL^ be iidnd togf^lber Aim^whut pl4tan'L4titully. OJii 
I'lUiin gib ^frA a i^flfl Aw <^wje ; il iJib fulAu <o tin// ju Bvy : il 
lOUA 1 fulfiiityft int<h and tnich a vonian ; ebuft«^ fMn il fiil^t* 

§ 4Iil), III dates kikzu Ik ^uit^iUI^ i?ru|ikcjvt<d, ua iclit Iul^ lulu 
iab sb&hr on sirrh •/ml ini4'h a ni'jhi eij tht laoitth. 

RfiMAitE' — Till) dtiiiuto fiicft is a deni[>iiBU*tive4uljiiCtive,urid 
will be g^uenUh ii.'in]iied by the lujTerb £Gy,Aa / ncicr Witf du<:A 
ft man <ni yuu uiu abufLUb nlikditu rikgii E/rynk. 

g 457- Z^dp 'omr, EAghib, aiii rH-'L-iiSiiDtLiLlly 'urmir, iir>? iist-rl ha 
hypotbotnciJ HAioe^ liko Jonr^, Brcirti, and Itafiin^on lu Eu^ii^, 
>t0 RA^hili ^ib u ^tLtiiie lAli ; ZCd ii *luuu' u RAgbib u UrtL^u wi* 
'ili&n J iu duj^biik ^^d laiii in ufLfi. 



TEE VERB 
ITS CONCORD WITH ITS SCBJECT 



g 4rj8. M'hen thb Eubject id d^fiiiit^ tb^ wrb aj h g^tiL'nkl 
rulo AgiE^ud with it in goiider atid miiiiber, aj it luj^il gib tin- 
rrutn fame, il ffiiLm 'iiiyHtit* (h^ *Cfjmoti iftfit , tA^iL^nt la^t tj^i/ 
A^wrf at/'Ji (IH, ifiinn iitv); \t Hg^llii yifibu^luiia the iwn iroik ; ^ 
but ^be hilluviiig impoi'tJiQL r^orj'tioDfi tauiit he Uoted :— 

((C) VTbtiii lliA xgl'ji^ct in a brokeu pliiiul tho virrb in Very 
fi'tviuiinUy (iJ4i:i]d in thi< fHEuiiJnfi diuj^alju^ u& II liun^lr iiiRu^it 
kulMhit {i\r tiilluhum) a/^ ths tftnd'^i/* t^'rn 'ii&tefi ; il khM kAuit 
tn'U^iA M'' hore^s t^re find ; nialit il VWkh wo 'ftuwit f^^; i/o^ 

^ Iq fcliitivFi fUiijjwH tlio vpvb 13, nf noiU'tn, dt the ^endiir&itd 

il td^ir ills Ud^ li 1 burb'^ ; id dawtiyA Ui ukAbbit ; illl k^ud bmu 



276 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC Ot' EGYPT 



fxtJiit down tiJi'i barkrd; Lali ehitltibtk iuTatolLit Ifta win'l'jn^ trrre 
{ipaieti; gat ir riggfila. we giryit in niaw&D l}if^ m^ri r-am* inb' 
ih^ t^omfiH ran tuDuy ; knc PQi *Myii Ictir ml hi-M in itilF, Eflkin il 

amoifj tlie j'f'ojfltit but, !/iatik Gtxi, inoul o/t/iemraeowred ; malidbfii 
giv^ru kADit molibflsfk mi^u t/ther j'riaorierg wer>^ irnjfnuormi trtth 
him ; LB tiiy&e miaiiyib th'j »aifi^ii uirrd av^y : laiumu ^t U bam- 
br& niflit ir rukkib mia il bubAr ahen ifia Jinrbtiyvr cauie fAcf 
paggenifen yot ticrit/rom fit'' tra\u, 

Reuark a- — Wbsa tho demons tratlve ia in the femiuinQ 
ainguliLf tbf3 v(>rb skiQuli bti £<> likewi&L), oe Lu n&d di tij^, but in 

Rruakk '^ — ThBTOPbmay ho in the f eminiDf siiigubir tliough 

(ollovuJ by a prodicnte ajljt^f^tive (or- }tiirtL<.-iple) eh tbo plurul, fU 
'dnch kAiiib mikftil^la ^itf eyc^^r frrrti optm ; il wii^j kiLEiit miLktilblu 
the />ayj:r» fftre vriU'^H. 

RfiyAKBC f.— Tn till t}i«^ uTioTe examplea tli«rt<rb migbtikliiu lie 
in the p^urul. itud would be perLaps more oft^n thiiQ uot wlieK 
the subJH^t decotea buuutu b^iiit:e» or \r]i&ik it pnx^thlos tbo vitth* 

(A) tXJie verb will occj^loiulHv be iu the fominino vin^uUr 
when the iiubject ta a perfei^t; pluml rind ia precftded by tlia VArb^ 
4a l&mmfi ^at laF«udiyit misb^it in no^girin rehen the £/etidit 
came if^i ^arpenft^n toett auhiif. 

RuiAitK, — Id liJLggirtn il uLesULkbdiEuiii rAhit (the subject 
prBi?ti<lLng thr^ v^rb) will mrely ba h^^ni^, betuiii/ie by plfifing thA 
noun firtt m thf^ fieutoiLcu v« emph&fluo tho fnct tb^t it de&otoe 
a nujnber of aeparatd objecba^' 

{*•) The iierb will eometiiDea be Ln tLe tLii'd person Biugulor 
mfvat'iiLtLtri nbao preceding a plural subject nnd aepiinite-l from 
it by inticarvoTiiiig woi'ili^^ rwa futiib luhum b&b il b6t il EdiadiUmlh 
th^ f^rvaritg Gf^iied fA^ Hooi 'yf tfin ft-^w*^ io tii^n . but Fataha Ibtint 
would also bi) (jnit^ ivnrm^t, A.nd iiidefil moru uau&l. 

Ekmark. — The thirii pnr^a aiDgular may oroaj&ioiuiUy b« 
heard whou the verb ia aimilai'ty Mpiu'ftbed from « fi^rolnine au^ 
ject 1q the si£LguUr, u idd^t lu Ligftb ^mIiAq ynmh minuu bi imi 



^ Tba L'oiiatnjotioii ia axlmisBibl? when the p^iitiiTLiK or tlitif^A 
d^wjribod oro Ep4>koji of im a eiii|^Q boily vith^>ot rufertirtoo |o 
tht^ir piirAouality^ It utu^t be rfMii^rubeiiHl that tb« (f^ulaibtt its 
Anihio nliu) Taprt'j^tLU t.hn D^iitfi' nf otli^r IrvTigntx^KK, Alul t}mX 
«<<V(hml objact« mauticined togothflr. thmigh tlioy ho liHDiir. bj^ 
Jinblv t^ b<« ivpnrdcd in tho SetavtiJ* laiiguitf «■ oa %. mc^c inidt«Jt]r 
wb^ikthoiriiidiTiJuality ienoC brought Uktlioforpgrtnitid. Comp- 
St 3»r. 467. 



THE VKHB: ITS CONCORD WITH SUBJECT 277 

UAh il *&n I jToi? him a eharm that tho evQ e^ rafyUt ^ Cod'r 
jw7-inivifm. d^ptvi fr\iin him.- but tbia is an irrflfulunty nob Uth^ 

(W) Wli"nt}itk past tenfl&of th# BubstvLntiT^ vi»rb kfin preced^tt 
inl<>inite Biil>j*'.'t it Tory frwiuently lemaina unt'lianped, pppeoitJlj 
if tbt siibjti'b IV tt feminine Tjingnliu', and this fven wTibu itwrves 
AN tbe anxilikry ot another- varh whith itself ngrees vitb tbe 
dubJKtr^ aw kAn tl bint fi 1 bet fA/ f/Jr/ wvi* tn Mf hotisp.- kftn id 
cUwlya ikknbbit ihi^ inhtni'fi hnd fie^Ti "p^ , ba kilo il bintn 
tig! (iu prelirejice to i«i kjlnit il binte tlgl); kfln liiiiiiiii bll'nijiit 
his jntithpr vntt tr/vfinrj : kdn (or kftiut) is A-m. tn^n i^ wu nw 
o'clock : kiln id dirn-a drilraii it fptw ''«r/;. 

S 450. W(n^n lh<» v<Tb prdcedes tw^ or mor^ dofiait^ wubjeotH 
pf difftieiit gBiuI^ra ur uiimbiTs, it tuny i-itb^r oj^e in guilder 
nml number wifJi tbe first, nr be plintnil la tb© pbiml, ns gib (or 
pum) il vTJiltLil w abtlJi ihf ho'j and hifi/tiihffr ^inti^^ gat [or gnm) 
ij maru wi builm : insiraqit il 'arabtya we tftqmibn the cfirrinyf 
Hjy? iti hoTTif^ "erf pffJen; qmnt ann hi Mltiinnriifcd / itrid M^ 
(}Gt up. 

J 4fiO Wbuo the pnbjEcfcs prooedo, tbo verb abtmld b? in tbo 
pblTfU, na il mais vi 1 wolad ^um ; a-r^a wi nta rubnA; biil it is 
iirtTa'qoiuilly maie to ii^t'e witb the first when fprniniiiK, a« hljn 
V kibtiba T-ihu or (less o^uallv) r&bit; but ttbQha we hlyii rfthii^ 

^ 4C1. Wbi*u tby sabjKi't ia rL iTjllective ncvin the verb will 
bfr in th& mjuwnline singular, jis il gAmn» kAn 11 1 f\i^ Ihf 

*fV« ffrf JT''™ »n thf^ month 01 Apt^l ; il liimfln, U burtmiin^ gbilt 
hmorie, Man'/tf, fiatfe ^t dfar i buiii1u<[bmn iiLxubiit iiiiu i) biiUfl 
f/xfflV ijmu tprr^ nK^t by ih^ pokier ; liiim inJar gat ^i^r giim) ? ft'^rr 
r-mny jf^rtemi /-art'*' f 

R»tK4nK 1^, — Though tLo aboTf: coriirfTUrfiou is the ununl f»Q(i, 
f.btf verb is aoiiu'llmv^ lo tltf< plunii, e^pt%.'ijilly ivlmii tbd subject 
rlenotp« living beingfi^ as i! gbaffti" gib (or gft) Shf iratrhm^i 

llEVAnc h. — Witb tb« wnrda **»skRr tafdicrr, traopf, tmd 



* The int4'rveTiinjf wonift nmy ruTisn tbe speaker l*^ fnrgettlMtt 
Jiu Btaj-li'^il v\ih n matwulino verb aod inlflndod to upe n mnecnline 
rioun. In tlnmbnvo rxjiiu|ili>, fnr instance , tbc wor'J bnsiul ini^bl 
be in bjp tlnjuphts wbpn )»(? bp^mi witb tbe vab ytr^ih. 

- In fonnKinnd ti>n'*es l.bf» JiiixiliAry is often of a HifTevcnt 
TiiinjViM- »nrt ;;orider to thn principal vorb, us il grunjl*a kinil 
Uua Oii #;fl»li the peopit had ttot yrf cQrne. 



m 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGVPT 



ghABfim nhtep^ the verh la pot in tho f«miiim« niiiffalATi M 
q&Ut il 'ftsk^r li Wdiha ih^ totdt'era tai'i to one (tm/thsr .- U^iaija&i 
gut. 1 1 'ask4.r gimi inu^' al^o ha viM. 

Remakk ''. — Noiin)^ of tliia rliiHs^ denoting Dnti^MvJitJM, arr 
tim»ll5 I'O^ardod a.* musiiulmif fcin^ularnf but the verb id not in- 
frcHLUi3[itIy in the plural or the fomiuioe fiiDgiiliir ua liiigttk 
miskil (fw miskit) arfdilnim th^ ErvjUsih neaed iheir loftii : tnUbyit 
il ^iimb ihe Arahs arc j;dp*, 

^ \G'2. WiitiQ thtf eitbjeot U a aijun of niidtitu'lo th? verb 
is ut<uiLl1y m th^ plui-4k]. tnit may alao be in the intt»:itlino ci Uu 
foujiiiiut- tii[]^1iii% BJi ablu rlhu (lit rilhit) Mu^r hin jie:iple tia^a 
g^nefff Cftiro ,- 11 kliJilq igtunirk^t) (pv iglAiaii'it) Ihepeii^tn ralittitd; 
U Loj-liii nial^, nUhl* dIbiI I^ 'ombiyo. taaya /^jd Jof/ioi ^ infd 
anrffer caffinyc ,- kulle bnuTo Mft^r btivii'fl *al6]i o/i f^'jjfff I'urwa 
him ; Iju'cI iu iiisyei|(ilu (or teqQI). tliu IcitLfir ai^r^titig «iii|j tho 
broken plural oftj in the femmmo KLD^nl&r; btit buyiLibillTJ 
yeqCllQ (or jeq^) ; il ^mA'a d<M mb firkbbQ ti ^tLnh^-itAk 1 
nrr ^Aiflf jv^i/'lc <j"in^ to ilrtv^ in yum- corHatjef U 'iUftin il», df, 
dAl gib, put, gnm miii ^n inftprw /;/!»'* /ftfse jfPOpU^ cirnv Jhrnt 
il kuUe gib |or gum) aff satnp. Of tvo verba, one mAy b« in 
th« HingulriT And tho ntUor in tbo plUT^i b« il Wde |[ih w£ I 
tia'de ma ^tiih ntji'i'' ravui ii!i\i mrmy did itol njfnv^ 

5 463. Kftm with if« HuhqtAntivo is nxn^t frequently followed 
\ty a verb »u the Ft'iniQino Hiagiiliu', but the plurM^ is fiiimL^aibl*, 
n&d ooca^i>TUi]ly tbc iii,i^ulin<^ ain^ilj^r ip bennl vb^^n tbo aonn 
d«notfi4 milk- hiuunLi tH.>iii^s, u kfim kilA)* ff^t. (leas ti-tuoJlj) 

the seufiv of 'I lUUe, nro n^'^'uHtxl se uouu^ of uiiJtitikili>, mA »it 
pchwrtfclly wni^tnjftf^ wiUi n ijluml vki'Ii, m Ub ikbuwHt^ic |] 
Ijiburi gbtlyH /A? little mili: hat fioih-t! ; Ijul-hhit tibn ins^ntqA mir 
rLf^bl U JtT^t- f/ruif wu tfj>'^ fi-mn thf 4a^^ ; il bft^dub^ 
Ai)\ DM yiltikiriisb (r>r il Wtluhl da ma ^'rikAfTlsb) fAij ttnalt 

§ 4l.i4, A vurb vrill >otfu<tiii](Mi ftgrvu witli tbt« bltnL (-tiRvayod 
by iL >vurd) tlxjtijfb not a <uU<*4'tiirD noun or k hhjuq af m^iltitudv, 
mtbtr tlmt] With tilt? uctuul furm <^ tbv uoixj it^vlf, ab orUb^ 
fi taJAbi tilM]:i (l*^*^*^ MHiiitlly yitw|ll| iuiftshiu' Jx^ *< ft/u^if^ " ft; 
itOJUUv^ milk 'iMbrtii tlbtni Uni^ULVn rifWcv/n>ra /nvnfjy *'£MtV«i* 
fi^fiU; it&4Ei ji-kft^l f rcxj 1 vvvtai^/i ; kxa ntb A^dj lok 'uliu» 
Ifio^; ijui khulUiak um lis}: iiw'&n, itin kliftlUtdkBlio . , . idjrv 
Euit yi'^j;i>iak biiqii / ttm ffoing tit ojfrr pnu £iQ ; y tf fOli*/)/ ywi. 



THE VERB: ITS CONCOHD WITH SUBJECT 27» 

tpdi tvt'I 'jaotl ; if Hot^tofiy, pfooM yoHftet/: kutUi buldl nrOli 
(tor kELii iiiUi) / tranUi'i to ^it ; ^ ma kiiDti«lk L^oi t^i (for uiu 
k&iistie Llciin); THqllin iliinAgiiu yt^filq 'itlcih^ he twowrt art- 
gnOiurn«i<M ; iUS ^yiiut mrkiJa' Uftmir ! tJu j»«^A <a ttte ri/U 
iffyakcyaf yib<^Ji inin kaltjt i( rej^/a that yon hat's vtrn ; or ii 
umy i^rre vulh a word wliiclj U otricU/ in appuntWn Iai Uj# 
KiibJMrt, or it] tliif relation of a genitive to it, lint uf uickri^ im- 
|M>i'tiin<*ft lit til© awTiteiicti, lu kutii* barte U&^ betid'J '»Iflb (for 
Wyid'fl, OA uhovQ, affreeiini; witli Jla^-). TtiLe id cooiumiJy the 
vt^aas viUm'O tliu ^ord iiivrft iiuti Qthem oi timilai' uif^iiiii^ prf^cf^le 
thi< iimin with wtiioh th«y ftn< u^^, %a dhF?* tr rij^^'^ln q&lti ; 

i 405. Y«tl0 ^MpniMi;^ Uiv »Lat« of tlie wo^lher a<e pot is 
lh« fi»ininin«T th^ word Jiiiya^dmiyn) b"ii>g unti«rstoix| , aa ramnrit 
(uinafvit) it rained, bctwbt! H it r'limu-j, hdiir^ad it thmtdfjrt^ 4u:- 

S 466, DinjA (di^nya} is aXso unJiTntood* in the espicsaioofl 
k&ait ill dulir. 11 ULii^briK qaixiiu^ tui^b, ^c^ it was naort, mJiMft^ 
V'tX'pfi'yhff dttsty, kc., but k&n is alau hAiit if th^ predicate in 
njufpiiline. Jiiid ovi-Ti i^metimee wben it i^ fi*iaiiJDe. 

§ 4t>7> lu tbe expr<«dioa we khul^it ba.i|a a^^ w my ji^i>ri/ 
endt^ hik&yjt ]« iiridonstixrii ; in m^ diLkholiiFitii^ ^ >/ h*t^ vvthi'"j to 
lict uith fi, the Aubjtwt nuilei^stjxid is n word or |>^mL8u jcj^t. 
Bpokea. lt^ aoum oUiiu^H, lU ^t aolima it hat iumef tjut tdi 
light-* iJ bumdu Ii llfiL ill! gHt 'liI* kedo ihaiih Wod that it /aat 
tiirw^l out shut ipn\j, hukunit ktido ^t hat been Kt ordiunHfi^lun 
K'i hApp^rt&it itSy^ mi tig! tigf ay?tir ^htU may.. tekQn fi lintwkak 
tiqsnm Ji gbSrrkki i.o. there if ntitny a i4'p hr:irt tha ruj- nrsd fhg iijj, 
UiQ tprb* nrt iJuperauuiLl, tb« feiuiuiiiTi ab^udiug ttv tko ucuter. 

RB«*fcR-— laipnrMfMLl virbM urct lumnTtir, Huiiietiniws in tlie 
Hkjufuline, afl mn ^icta'Ah^ idu yi^ab mliiuit tt'n f/nrj lut ; bu^ 
kb^r rn> hattfi* *ion9 {rtli* teeii t/tfii nflf v^M) ; And tvLqii. \a ua«J 
i]iLii:h luuri:; frequsatly tbuu bfujikL'' (§ 5G0). 



^ Kutti^t biddt iA ii£f>d nOAi-ly aa fr«quiiuily Aa kmi Intiiif. 

* Tfaif «ducubtHl oft^n use dioil^b vitJk rt fii)LQi;iiliim vvth. 

^ 111! zdviuii yiikal' may be a&id, but ev«ii th«n tlje plural 
TuVDilr will b<f lisfid, 

< It ish tLow4«var^ IrequQntly evprvsMd id botli caaee, us id 
diayu kftrit turAb, bitir^tkd^ 

^ Or dl m& dnkbjilit^bD widii kbom^t rA^ji^ r~# nather Amv 
ijor' tliere. 

* BJMjBt IB Ooc«^oni4]]T uaAd Far bitqu t^veu wiiea it !« Dot 
ijaod ID ft purely ulvtrbiiJ Aciibv, 



2S0 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



S 4fl8. A definite Jual ftulijt«;t rpquirpfl tbe verVi to he In tjj<> 
j^lurw, as !r rajjl^n gA, niilft. nr gnin (gO) ir ropl^n ; but it in 
tiot tlnustjal for tbo yr^rli to be in the niafipnlm^ or fi^QiiliilMi 
mngular wLcu it prect^df * thn aubjeyrt, aa Iflmma ^h ir rofil<*n ; 
gutrtt ^u^Tirt^it : nrtd il. will nr>Jzi^ti]iu'i( he in the friTiiiiiti*- 
though followiiip irj fliihji>«t, if thft liittpr il^Tinte an inAmmHt* 
objootf and in piLTturulw if it di'notp th" doiihW inpinhpra i>i ih« 
bodj, ;»9 idSb biflit we 'flni'b rlhit, i.e. A^ ft<f< 'h^ thf uif of hit 
haiufg nud ha fiffn. Wcf miL^r Aiy ^/'hrh kftnit amftllljii, lar kAoit 
inoir.llMn, or kiknfl mnftriha., cu- UjLnii nuaftflhlri, fmt k&oU 
iii&rtilh[n and kAuA maftAha aro uDTtrriinl. 

5 41^. Whpn thofliibjeot ts iTidefinito and preL-r^deo t-ho vcrV 
the ntrtrni'd im rpgiilnteil by tih» i-ul^K nml e:coi3pti<iDEi Etnt fiiTbb 
ia the preceding fioctione ; btit when ths verb procpdi**, it id 
plftCA'J by profi>ToiK«e iu thi> miLSL-uliiLO Eingulor. whtitevf^r tb« 
gender and iiuojbiT of the i^ubjoct ; <.'^ ntAnk durnhit bmliba 
n t/v>TiTr]n /i"^ fivr 'irm*}htiv ; qtifut wi kUb t^^ndde Ui'^l r^f/jr AnrV 
%iof)>* t<tte <mf am/thrr ; rAglfu, kitaii^a, ^m ; hat gfl ]ti vahdn 
■agQ*a /Affrc f^ivxc to him an ol'i v^Trntn , tiiitil nAg wniyih *uU 1 
huJad /^rj'r' v/t7i^ miiut' jr^iiflt f/:i(h him fit thr Ptfl'ujt ; Uili vilnjct 

1[flh n^-A t.Ay\ n fiA* / tfon't gn pt-oper v^jf/'^* : knn Diaugfld nin 
k'^tir fhetf! ityre vtatnj pfttph prrtrut ; Iiupj* nuv fatflbo nana (hfr* 
f*e4 not yet p-itMil a ycir ; inn ka^Ubfi tiiinba fl-'^n.^^t th^'f ha* 
not iftfTi anu ffood rtMuit /tot?* 1' , kari hiiwil tiiutrik oti arritftnl 
had Jifijif"*nfit . tamn^u yl^'I Ink gawAlAt f//j«n ynii f/ei hftrrr • » 
garA 1x1 hip* r/itn^Ai";/ hojipern^-i to him: (nhhtf 'itT^yik twite 
frrc m<*n ot^ffrfool- tue, fo^i^ ttptjn n<e ^ ^Ih khoiuAu Dn^&rin tkat 
f-Ktrn^ ^tlf'f fTCirpfmrim ; gft U piuiiM^ii / tvrtfti-r^i I'w nm^rpafmre. 

RcMABR. — The Tflrb, hc^wevrtr^ nrit infrw^nanily ni/Toes, «irpth 
oiftlly wbefi il iHiHiiviifit<>ly pr*>oeiicfi tho mibjopt, op rhn siibj^H 
ifl f^mpbELAiKed* na bAv^lit La nif^ [or *ln) the nt^lnjf htu^^tKn tip<M 
hint / fjfct luk ilnbyn! jirrdUnm Uf'n rjtm/ kulkn mA tgi lu mam 
yttkltHulq wiuyitiii \^himff^jr a \FOftian &>i}it$ near Aim Ac f^arrW' 
fnM ^r ; k&Q (ur kilut) *ulJli Itinwn nfldn Af A^^/ ^n oi bla^k Mil. 
The Hubuluntivo vto-b pieCTvJing an indi-'tinite snbjccl will oftCD 
hf^ee with It in form, owing 1ji tbe fjiot t.hut tb*Ti< Itt rin Hlipw 
erf thtf ri»UtiVt« bftlw^Pii Lbw unbjyct ftii"! the fallowing wnnlfl, %» 
kilnit Tint qn^dt* t'MiU iL I Ah /A-r;' ffrt# o ytri hititt'j vtftr th<* dfjw 
{^h\yi^ Lt:iil btjit illl r^iii'dn fhf uwi a yiV/ fri^4> , , >) ; klolt 
(1it)ift iim^iLhy kin) danlyu TLkftbbit, but kAn iiikublx* d*iwl\yci ou 
tA^^v/ hiht twm n/^vf ; kAtiu nj^gAlu fji'nldc ^ rA'.r,! tfwv jhk> >rh<i 



^ Sn kJliiU ri(cg&lA gA vr kJUiit rigff&k ^%, kin r>icg'^» t'^^un 
ot kin Hggik gHL 



THE T£NS£S 



liSl 



ptir&sF as ma pfl^sh illn mritu the Tfrh lA m^isciilino filthon^^t fht» 
noun IB (Infinite riK ngreeing with the vmtii hj&ddl imJ t^retood , 
Thf^ full rxpr^SDion ivoiild be m^ ^^-^h httrlde illft inrAtu gnt. 

^ 470. SVTieii folli^wiQ^ tbe iudefiuibe inuntJUD ^y »u(] tt« 
noun ihfl yprh regnlntly agi-ftps with tha tioiin, hut rtiiisioTinllj' 
reraiiinH niK-hnnapd, n& flfft ^rihitin b4nit v'hQtrvrr dirr'-tit>n ii be. 
With ln^STj, on tiho c^ntiiiii'. it fcinainji xmchrvtigt^l, ikS *(iUK 
yitgsuraiE hinte ntm (jfsu hAii /uf trantg to vttimj a ^irL nr?totrver 

KEMiHK, — KAn sprrinp jls r^n auxiliiirv ntirl jif'werl iift<*r the 
prinripal verb Is if^nei^lly uncLnug;^!, af4 itAt &iid gihriJiiL kiiD I 
rinji '[iilTiiptk inhlLriK kJln. 

5| 471- ThB vprh J* Tif*wer in the feminine wlmn pT^wnling n 
perfpi't pluitilj anil vtiry mr^ly when preecdinp n dual or hi-nkGn 
phjrnl i1f<nni^irig huuiji^n hoiligs ; thtia, nliile bnth bizit atuI it'iiid 
rd^gArfii (or rm^rj^Ar^i^ii) hi'4i riElrjiidaihlu, nixiit L'liiLUitt he KiUl. 

§ 472. Though thf firiBf; of two f>r moro varhs mnv not ncre*» 
in ffPndpr n.nd number with n tiiil>]<^ct common to both of thoo). 
tihe other or others uiiiy uri-i gpnfli nil)' will, and ihift wbpthcr the 
Mthjitia hi* r1»<fimlt> (TT indp|fInit<^ il^ ^it il ImnA-t n miiikil ffhum 
rh^ •^'tia f^mfi etn'I n^ztd th^n ; i^Abilul i-ji^l^u u ^-t ytmshQ 
wuiyflyu rtm rnf^ met me artd ftmtinueil xftdking vfith jne / liLmma 
yilii ]ak mara v<* tis'uink itfirrt a ti^nan omr-y fo f/ort and itifk^ fjou ; 
iifimini't in nA" '"-l^yn wfl Haf^bAui wti aiLrujfDnT tfif p^i^iif folhrtpd 
arofind ve and h^/ an<f rof^jed me ^ qim &hb j] bbit w nmntihii 

THE TKNRES 
S 473. The pftBt tensa (or perfect) di^notee :- — 
{'i) A ti Ji<;t jiipt complotod at tbo profleut timt^ aa katjLH il 

guwib / have utMu the icftrr; k*iiafl(l 1 0(Jo /A'.y flaw siccft Ote 

maw.. 

{h) An act coroplfrt«d at aoTn« pb«t time, aa kfttaht ii giivAh 

qntlu uift yigl / tffm/e the Uiicr U/or^ Ae <vjrttfl; Xnnn 1 Irft 

"ttiniuiuwil //(fjr b'tilt thr hatint. Itut ^f^iV. 

('■) An ft/'t begun ut thw tiin** nf lyiHiildEg, or pmviou'ily, 

titid tioiiticme<l at tlip pre*mnt tim^*, h# ;I walad l)Jth>iihtt thv boy 

hitn/aiicii $n kiiy wUh fier; snf\dii^lux qoUk me Mi'^e vhat you *ay ; 

iiltaiatitk ](-iuimk itrOb ^ r^^i'iTr^^rf ^'j< tu ipt^ io\ng\ii-n\ii I an 

liiitomiihi^i ; liaqi^ulm i^nfjiltiiha ^fon mnjhi to ha^ afiut it. 

{d) A prayer or wi*h, asla Bamat Allilh (Jti't Jorhut ; diiiutum 

hi khflr may you k-^} ictU^ faf^^^il ; katUir kb^nik {ji<\ Allflli) 

Otnl inrrcaxi' yutir fcf^H-tf'iti'j. thf^nh is"u , gii]. Uik *\a{\\a peitiltion 



you 



i^o. 



s§s 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



(t) An act to bo porformod in the immediate futoro, aa dbu, 
labnau (or we il]a) qatolUk tfaPC ii alonA or I'il kill yoa; Ml 
qiiltiirii t 1 inim'ttl^ tthat nay you ahmU th^ vi/ifter f khallftik 1;^ 
'tdya ya ^tt / luavt you in health (said 1))^ * Ih^,v vaUm' oti UkiQg 

(/) Xxi Act wLirli msxy ]}iTi\nt\f\y iir poHHiblj' l.iku pUiiji^ m\ 

finhJEinctirt m othei- UogiLogofl, a^ tu gih. i;vi rflh >/ /jf mu#, 
i70; ^ li fiyo mfttrahlo ruht t'f uiitrU'^'^r jtia^ ytni •jo ; ^jro bttui 
k&ti w/u*fciJcrr '^CH/e if h^ . kulle iniu LAji ^ tiinxvcr it he. knlU* 
niA amartflTil bull a'niila whatswr yon comuiHTiii mti [BtitalJ har^ 

{*t) An iLct vbicb )iaH b«f*n performed on«0 and U cited »S « 
nile for tlii:? fuCu/'ei wf ua k&Q fill mjshwfu^ ru^t i/ theft ia um 
firraail I ^/u ftK it, Thia coDAtiiuTlJon ia uiit iiiHoinmnn ici 
proverbs, in vbioh vividnciM of eipreuioD i» always aq objoot; 
K.g. illt tank abd *&«h bftlih v4> UaK# iS fAin^ Ui'^m teiihoui ii 
(■xmu/e no^, fmni fhjf ) i or in DarraUve nhv^e wc could oiily 
use tho pre«eDt or future in English, tut il walikd Tainiia T"*^"^* 
yikhitt vie ^auE yit^auvris yf>r|Uin >i(lub mabve luin ubClh > < . ti 
baMfu Inniinft aliil nb^h mitsli 'uuc yidilf lu luiklu li&uwiali 
tLgrit)! u ^&l> itiHbm mill 'umLj wv i]im ulmli kijalnli lu liinl 
u/fflfl *»v iyj our rhMr-m grotn* tijr and *£anU In tjvt nt'irrtwl h» 
imkjA fu'f /ffAfti^ /"T (wifn^ff /w) a ihnn^ . . ., fmt tpfif-n k* Mint 
Uts fu-th'-r unmllin'j ti> gtvc $£ him, lie unfi iij» Utt ifirjnt¥j* nmt 
jintU tttff titmyi' vnt itj U\a own jutrJ^rt, atut hit Jtdhttr litUrt'ths him 
to a jfirl? 

^ 474- The rorba kb&lU kt, ohAf mv, siiai^ kfXtr^ bomb Mkm, 
n^Mwfr/'.liti.i. wugaJ^ft-iiiiiid otLpr/i of ^i MmilnrslgiuQi^tioii, wbcu 
tbems^lvi*^ rBferiiiig t/^ pitst pveiiU. ttmy bi» fitllowpil by nnol.li4*r 
verb in lb<^ perf <.'Ct wturt* in Eiiglisb itwunid h& in tb*- iiirmitiv# 
LIT iL pju-tiiui'li>, th\i second vi?rb fcrniift^ i^i indirwt jiruilicatio to 
Ujf ubji^id of tUa Gr^ i c.f/. kbi»]lfitu jili il b£t / ^' /ir'^f yo tir 
fhf ti/iuiit\- shiittihA jZbt / gatP Jtfr rtrrrtp : Eimi'ita I Uiids wiq'ii 
min jfflbii ffw he'iTit thr ui'nwff /all from hit pttck^t i kiiLtu ti&^ 
pkkbhuiu iahtm'Qb / frcu thirUnn^ t/itrf hnii Iftnifht it; nliuftn 
iugiilml / Miitv him Jhu^j^i ; liu^Ctu luzil rAb I J"U}td him tfunf, 

HEaitKE.— H'v may al&j ukv khnll^tu y^rul,i il Iwt. tLJml'iu 
I fuUft tCLi|it% &c, but th^ fact4 Arc nut tbi-^n aa fully cvrtifiol. 

1 For ihia coadttiowJ «ffDt*aoei, im Jg &07 nf. 

* Qui i/icd fti «Mf . 

* Tbv pi-tf&«nt utvi punt ATD uud iadiAH'iiniiiatoJT, tka cpenkitr 



THE TENSES 



2SS 



The £ii^lMh / »aw him ^oinft will be ttacaUt<»d by ihuftu rijih, 
or we hdwit riyJ^J oi' biyerGlj- 

§ 4Tri. Th« put ttiidtf in e<|mvidaab Lo thn English plu- 

fierfect :— 

(n) Tn a duiise uu^tcl to li preTioiia one b^ ft cnnjn notion, as 

nift f&tljvli ilU lamuta mauwitti ht didn't Umv, kti't till hn hwt 
ffitlfti him ; ranwflh (jablu hul khivlliLH nbughiu hf- vtfui tiirajf he/ari' 
fts had tinigfi^ hiA te^rk ; Mdo niA kAtub il guwjlb hiitXu li rjirf 
after /k hiid trrtfiiji tiic h'Urr /w put it *« an '^nu^iojtc. 

HeHjuik.^Iti iiifiirttt .lirH.oui st* the ij»iat U-nee or pipeout 
uBPcl iLS A p:ist il* not followp^t, k,s in En^lislu by tliw plap<Tfei:tiH 
but hr tbe «^nipt^ porfeot^ unlBdu it in deaii-eil to lay pnrtimUr 
etresA oo the foL^t tbut tbo Action ^'nt* nliviwlv wm pie tod rtt the 
tiuLt* that tb« it-poi'trfjiJ norda wt?re spoken, aa i|flj innti kutckb 
il gawflb fi^ said thai h^ hnti itriUrm the letter; b*UBib inuu gib 
J thfniyht hi" had <^nK. 

Uf) OccaaiontUly witb Ihu, IC, in conJilioniJ tfoTitonow, (&^ 

g 476, Th? pftBt tensp of the v^rh kj\n wilb a pftrtniiplh* will 
offcoD i\v|Ji'effi tlit> pluperfect, ne kilim mbfi'idfu'iii il Jikl Mr^ Jus't 
jiTf.partti i/t*< vtr:iil. This iui|^lib also mo»u M^^ Aw' heaa or lorm' 
jirtparing tfip. mraJ, orcording to tJic conteit, 

^477- Thi? Luii-iat i-orrt^poadi^ to our iiideSuJte UTiftni^hf^i 
prOBi^rtt, b1 oliib^iu I I'^^ hi>a ; il ghiut Vf^b iflbAb rieJus hrifi'j 
/ricitfU; kullw y^m yiJdIm qei«h h: giva mr n puatre etf&'ii day , 
iah nhnmsa ti(ljj.* 6 :nil sil'ii ^ at what iimp dops tfte nun rvf f oi 
to the mdi>fiDite future, m IHi ahiiftu aqullu »/ J •« Aim 1 tn// 
tali him : lamiua yigi [kah5yn^Q loXt iohan ho cojiKif J mill send httit 
iff j^tti . ieh isbiLOiet titlu^ Ei unf eft'a bukm? u/ ^r^rj/ 'iW <i'jeif 
tJte gtm rrV ^'>-r;jomv f 
iEiunE."H^[ice Ehgliab odjscrtiTCB iti afiic, tf^o, A^^ may 

korjhlly ha tTAnsliLtud 3>y the ru>ri^ (if a pauiirfl or ntiutar 
vurb. unJ compiiuud uuuija uftiru reiidi^reJ b^ i\A help, as 
yittAkil flViWp , yiu'irif rnrtij/nirtii/Vip ; tnft yibjibilsb uTTrtr/r/j/ri/J* ; 
mn yitfibim>f,h iin-omprehrnfibif* - yimkin poijnftte ; qiVtnfl? yitJmC(o 
fi I gflb a jfocJi^r-t-dii^tkiry ; mi^ftiiWiir* titqutiwnj biliA I ((ibnrt 

g 47rt, It oflvn plnvB thp puit of the hiatrfitii? preMPut, u* 
yeq(U tiivib «^'| ^i// rj,-;/*;, A'' ivttjiij Til (u>me ; yaqOini mbih yix'ul 
miiLQu Ti'i^t ytjf^uL \i% his fathef itten getf cit^/rg mth hrmt arvi say 
tv hiw. 

S 4T9. It floTniJtim4>a bju the farcw of the inip«rfMt proeeitt. 



284 



TOE SPOKEN A1L\B1C OF EOTFT 



wpecirtllj when joined by the i!(>i>ulatJvu to ariathHT verb In thd 
imperfL^L't preflflnt, the bi hLang rimppt*d perhn^B in tho latter 
c»« for euphony, aal tindifch It If'hi vhtf do y^u cttH me {i^iwj 
AfO'i f^aiiiiiq me)'f bit'aija^ m tKft"!ui kede ]Ak¥ tihat art jm 
crj/irtij nnd fi/ncUitff tike, thai/in'T 

Rkmabh,— Similarly, the ^' iruy bfr dropped in th« imfiiiifthe^ 
future^ a-i ij'l tj'kun tinai. 

^ 460* An event ifhich happens Kubitnjallj nt re(jiilfti' f«rioJ* 
mny bn dttuot^d either hv t}ie Afiriat or the itnperfent prcH^nt, 
HB LcuUe eaou nhigtr (or biohigg) rr" f»a^ ifif jhlrp^itnaffi «iJi-ry 

§431. Tt U used like the perfpct, %n6 with muali greBtflr 
frequ^ut^y, to e?iprfS3 a wish nr dt?aire (which iarlurleA a cuni^), 
OS Allah yibfaiiik, jisallimiJc Gai pT^rf.'rfp ym ; Allnh MUiiwil 
'umrok God prolortfj ^foitr U/'- ,- i]*afi (for Allah yil'ao) H,h\\k {God) 
aate yotfj jaiher- Hoth pfrf&t iiml jwnat nifty occur in th«i 
nme MQteTu*e, oa shnknr Altih fiidla,k u R&hbina vitAmm^m bi 
khb* God requite i/our kindrw9$f tmd our Lord hritifj <ihoirt a 9af% 

§ 482, The aorist ia wry freijuoiitlv attached to a prA^edinf^ 
irerb or itA piLHic^ipU, ai" u veih^ doiiti or e^tprtwiioiu vithont 
tbd littfirventLon o( & conjutiction or any othtu* purtif '1 l^. TblM 
may happen ; — 

(ri) Where it \9. equLTalent to t>h<? EDglish iDflnitivf^ vrlii^tbar 
simple or g^rundial, &nd fjuaUFying or limiting th(i i:onBi> nf tha 
proOodiDg Terh or vorbaJ I'xprMaion, or acting (with it9 AO[np]#- 
m«Dt) ns an c>>jecb or an indirect pr«dicBtc or donotin^ a pur* 
jywd; fi.f;> 'iiiiE ftrfkli / \E(int to go; y'vtnS yiktih h'' kntn^ hom 
16 vHU/ (alabna ni'ilh irr rvked ic tji>, ana (Alib miutuk tit^di U 
1 1^1^ d1 / /'«y */ou ilo ^0 'Ai« /i^ »vt/ «mtn tigi tAhnfnlV ir&Aa 
»riW ^* '(►wr?' fi^ **•*• tu^f gih yifUii]na\ h*: i-t^tnf t'f intuH nifl. 
Iia[fit1ti* AMbnili <!ijkkAii / Ar>r^ ijtt'ii up vrjrf/irjj; ti^iivrtr : htivrm 
yikbtiiibi yirtlh ^o »> 'j^^n^Ji^J ft> '?ft ■ khftllSb yitkfllhm f-'f Aim 
w^tak : fj'ulUhei tifW ? {a^f f/-™) ivtf ^w f'> \p <mi f hl<i4i, p;hftr*'il 
ainauwitii ^t i' f^iy 'ri*ft, (/ vunt)^ tut/ jiurjHttt.^ to hill him ; ptlab 
minnu moiyii yimhraWfir OJiknt v/ him aitrin' frtifrr to it/ ink : *nl^1c6 
tiktibQ In 1^ if iif yOii to irri'ta t<> htm, kati UK-nubbih fna Had- 
diiih yifft 'audti h^ hoji f/ri^n (/fth-rr' ftfr r^tf lyFi-- Jo cutik- to him ; 
ma c|ai1arshet ma rdt^b, lua qihiUhe, ^nklidii ^^ mur urvihU. uw 
TtHfy. hf i^/t/Jtvi, to ti*kfl ti - inA nTAftbH m,mi1i Ivi^ i .i.i^^r /*»iw 
ir^Tir to jo; ma y4liut;«h« 'al^ya nmanvito V htif -• bt 

kUl it; amarn yortlh h" or^ifT'-d him to (to: Vttu h* 

triigM to h'tvt ftmir: )infilJn> *f-b, 'jdi'k tKfid kvdn if -f\J 

t^f )fOH to my mi . ma Ihiijmho vi^ ht <'ouhint utinMi-jv i^< nmnt^ 



TEE TENSES 



285 




iniL kELiidhts liiiijqu jidrubu ^jr Jiaii na ri'jht to strihc him ; 'iLiizak 
tigl / tpant i/ifii fo c<ftn^ ; qui lu ^irliliii Ink idi hijn ttt ytrv 1/ 
you; mtt ]^ibliL&h (okibbicib) (itk^dluu ktdo quJdfim io iil» 7 
liim'j! W.^ you (o AjKi^ ikwt in j'fblic ; liilif jiniaawitu hs it/^ifs 
hf ironU kiU it ; shl^yii't ngtSii / hsii*i^ ferit to fe£ck it ; al/iimtat 
t(>ililiji J rtjmmaruJ t/nti to -/fi uf> ,- U tiiLkim Larrag ^nlth am yil,' 
la'cJio tain U lii't ^A? fl't^tnr farhade hint to i^ave hU hou^s,- [ii^iin 
^^ilh fiC ntut ffo; lAriiik ^ekuu rLh he fi'ttst haee gone: nlMli, 
fatni^ aqullat / fortjut to idi ^on ; tah yilbis ?te ittu ijimt tt, 
dfiat ; qbjrrab yiidilu^ 1/ Sn\t cofutt fisar to bt-ityijirtijihfii (i,i>. it wtii 
toon be fisiittii^ ; qariub yifl Jicf <Pi'// «*o;» bf here ,- khiyif vcf flt 
he is afraid to jma. 

{hi Wbore, being thn ciimpleru'^at of the preceding v&rh, it 
wouUi b* expr«u»il by a participle in Eofjliiib; e.y. dakh»J, 
iiUil, ri^i Afl fffjrf i-ft/miHy <'*, \i<rtira; tUi" Tip! A« siwUd 
Twmift'j ; eLatHEaiil & 1 Jtl u bAt ^bab yUhtimui iu insulted ms 
ut nil/hi, tcent to tie'i. and 'jat up ifiifitUin^j rwfl tn t/ii* mominff; 
miahl yi^Wilii oirt^fii-j aJ he tiKnt. Xbia idiom id verv commojj 
witb thu verba tja'ad unJ fiilil, iia cjn'idiui ndiLrdisb tCil il iCl ii« 
fat ritnttnuj tii^ji-ther a!l isi^M . kjvn '(]\'iil yicjrtt fi 1 QiirAn hQ wa* 
9'tiift'j rc<idin>^ the Koran; fiiil yiabrvlj he f!ontijiu^ Jrinf,-tni; ; 
fidiluii aimebt larnmii wi^ilnn uy' C(mfinve-l itaSkiryf iiU tec arrived. 
Bdr i& Lucbuativti besMi^ denobiug i^uuLLau^iuctr, oB airtia ui^il 
uarilb tee ^(art^l runnimj afttrr him ; sir jitlnib il widiul I>l 
'ft^ytu he began hittm^ thf boy wrfJ* ftw utt'-Jc. Dir jeliff is 
uwd in the sonae of K^xf^in^t arourvit ^A kan dirir Tellffs H 1 

fi 4^3. The unperFert pn^=-ent i^ nomptimf^fi u^eA in thn eainfl 
way, as miabyit btya b^tihuib il full^l^ U^sa fi g&bbn vhe trent 
dfcay thinking Ific maiie^ t£m still in Itsr pocket, aad mny also 
r»pliu.-e tli« aotiBb as an bifitorJc pLtiSsnt, a& u balden btya bitqiil 
II lArri fA« •tayi' lo in/j; biLi|til lu ana fniifih ana t]]i 'amalt U 
'amnllya di, Iftkin luji* z&lik beyifdiil yidrab tlya J totd kim it tear 
ttot I mho dvi it, but (n ^iiie of that fte <joee on ittriking vie. 

g 484' The verb liasab '\a very regularW iis«d in tbe present 
for- the lodefiDite or Imperfect pit^t. oa Intu Lissik biaaG bAhsl!>ak 
rtihte Ma§r ara you still fuve 7 I thcuijhi you Aad gtytie to Udiro^ 
qumta aria bobsib' il burQda fargha / thought the gun tnzt un- 
Itmiod; qulaXt \»h filuLUtd^dt K-b? Bahftib il hniHa gAya vT^y <^id 
^OW ifAtrf the »l'utti^> t 1 tfioii'fht the iavip tos f^oniiwj. 

BfiMASB, — This touiSiT may b^ prucoded by tbt^ auxiliibry UfLa, 

< Tbou}rh qAm should bti followed by a rerb la the \)i^^i tumw. 



58C 



THE RrOKEN AEABIC OF EGYPT 



forming the unfiQiAhEH) pxKt or imjiHrftvt tense, a« kuni^ 1i»1;iie!1i 
intmlt nklitih / '/«# Ihinktwj tkat ^ou uvre Am hmtltftr^ but Uko 

§4SiH A pnut cualoiiirtry or mntinued action in generally 
deiioiH<'J by ihn iiiip(*:-fwt pr^piant prt'tftdwl by tha auxiliary kin, 
ftfl luui kulle >'6iu kiiiit« buOUi la qt-rahea eiigh / iroj giving fun 
ftco piitA^Ta a Jut/ ; k&n baylgl 'audi ktir '*c* ut^tt often to come to 
mj/ huwte,^ kiiu bi^yikkul wu jeiiim (fur biyeaid) waiyiina nuir- 
\ii\P.ii fi g ^^m'lh A^ tut&t to ditu find ultifiji tct/h us tt£i'''' n f^Mifr ; 
kin boyi^lrihb flh tm rrof sinking hi^i ; kinit bithiuo G mfha Ac 
tf^at shaking her h'VfU 

S 4UG, It ha^ wen ntaa ibit llio aoriatr mny tflaiid for Uk« 
EtiglUb imlfSmta future, but jib stipIi it hn3 only to iln, in oiEr- 
lotftivo eent^uct^ii, nitb simple futurity- Tn eicpro^ volition i:ir 
tha iletermxnaUoii to pn^rforxu on aai wo mudt fl4d tbe poHicipl* 
rflyih fnty^i, ™^.')) **^ ^^*' putiL'le ^^ti, or julo]it ri iK'HpljJihSLi ; 
thuM lamma tigl inta imlh &na rMen ^^ou fi>rfM' / thuU ji.', but iu 
^i<t LEjtiL }iju'[ih Aim 1/ y'Tb foine I mhU tf9 i (uiib li'JiV *rh'j ithaidd 
I ifv i i>ut nixa ruL ArClh / am i/oirt;, I tneatt tn <jff , tflg\ bukuft I 
iriU poit ramc to-m(frTi/fr / hn ti^rl bukm k/iq// i/mt efrmr in mtrnfttr f 
iiitfl *4iu tiiiLtiiL'cit DiiQ il luirwiiJj, liVkiu buniu ^irub miia yo« 
VMri/ to pr\'-i'''ni rur /rfftn tfoirkg^ M I tpHi ,70 nii ifw fame, 

§ 48r, Tbe dtitenjiitmtion uot kr iii> d, tbii^jj i«, tui th^ con> 
triir^, ^r^nendly «x|irea8e<l by the nonst, um rtlli miii hiim. Ma 
mhhb fumtiflb) iju tife*iff/r"m hi'n*. I iron't tjo ; niLJiinni 1 'BfAy* 
111 fi IdtLk- Mu aHlliiuhki ULj^h ^ikSullimbiL kksb) ur muBb riyik 
viLUiiriltA lak gii.^ nt^ up ttie Mick jaju tuwc in ytfuF hiuul. I mtf 
not f.fiiY if ijou. 

KtMXttK. — RAyib, rUt. nnd hn luv s^cnotiinwi lEiflvH^ wlifTv 
we alioiiiii i>xirtiOt tbn Aoriat nlonv* ofl nia yi«*Uii&b Icinm tauk 
rslj\)i ikLdtb &bk n niU iV ituuit/ nof he riyhi that I nhovlii ffa aitrf 
leti lii'M Jo jjiiffje^ 

§ 488, A iJetui'iiUUJ4tiuu nut to 1^0 a Lliiui^ b uuiitutiui'^ oi' 
lufuW by xuLidb '«iU£. rka il m^iviUAr miuh 'ixU£ yJU^' 'Ac mul 
il^/fjm'f inifif to {i.v. iiym't) ef/iaf not. 

g 4J*W. Ill" future p)arf«<ft ntny in fiAine Cii*iH b* rendi-rf^ by 
Lho ftoriat of tin- uujtiliiii-y fylli>w«l by tho p»rtt<iflt> of Xliv vtnh, 
JHrt Fkft iLv |fUipo(fi*'t may bo by the fiwt 'cn*!^ of f Jj" ii'niU»ry 
■lid thi* pikrUri pLa, Aa mebiifJt mu uikul ' f<ln 



■ Pur this QW 4;f fi, Ml' ( &T0, Rem, 



THE MOODS 



:J87 



THE MOODS 

S 490' Th^ 0f)iiIteD lajiTuage haa, &e w Lftve seen in thn 
miptJpnce, two fijtilp moodn only— ths iiviJii^nUve nut] Ih© im- 
liornfive, Ae tbtre iji no eepfirflte form Tn' tlio eubjimclivo, llift 
iiidiontiv-? hn» Ui jierforra \ls otijL'f-rt, 

J 4fll. Thp iiujiprative nirtiiiULiHH tli« ^ cjf the lUllist ill thn 
^ccodH p^rsTin, or, in oth^r w<n'<lfl. llni unriBt in usuH for it : — 

fii) In firohibitii'iiis, u8 um tqurrahahe 'h'\'f go war (for 
■IMrmliAhu} ; tun tf(litfk t^Y comc [for ta'&Lft) i iykk t^rfifa mim^ 

(fr) WiiBu prorided by tlie [nu-fiole fnrt or llii* vui|?emtivis of 
thft vorl» hiw^n.^ na mft ti^ul li f^ut teJl mc . nut ti^ ; il>q«L trfiL 
*u£i(lu <;tJ £v A'f ApJU'T . but we Diay a,lM sii> Jrf|iL bu'llot ^^'• 

(«) UmwUv with thu conjUTirition y* trf'jer, rfr, jls \». r.u<|-iiil 
J* tunab! fiMer fit rfoirn ^r ijn? away, trnt uq*u(l auILil mAbi 
(i[D«bI). 

(it) FrvqunQtly iu otber cu^es to rstider the commuiid Leaa 
hvth or iibru|it, as ti^ hulc™ mind you. foma io-moTTOir : tiht^a. 
tvJItEik l! 'alft bOk f^-tiit-mh^r lue iQ yc^' fnihpr. 

BEmiHBr-TiliqjL) tibq^t fLre daid moiv often tbau ]t>4|fi, ^U^I^h 

S 4fl2, To i^ii^rpMi lin pahorliition in conni^i'tion with the firiit 
or tijird permjo w« may amptoy tb« verb IcIulIU (§ 114) fi>llu«^ 
bv tfie lU'rigt, or th« norist alouc, aa kb&liiiui uHlVt kbiiLLlh 
yitTjbil>,lrJ (tjryitfaJdftl alone) /rf hwt -vm* in, Ac; kbaUib yitribi( 
(or yitribit] let it be boand. 

^493, Lit tu . . i» also P3pT««sed by ibe Aocond pt^rson 
t^ingubir at tho iut[iF.^riLtivu fuilowi^d by tbif propoBitUtli Iil witli 
ilie ftuffix uf Uie Itiht iieiaou plumU nA imsb1 bum (or imnhi bna) 
/ff tuT fr? //flrn;^ ' iji]"nrl binii hJ. it- tiit diw>rt. 

RCHiEK, — llrTitt 18 iometimvA ndd«il 1<i the fimt p«i'Sait [tlnriil 
o| tbt> (Mffiat. »a Qi'niJj biiia, Ao. 

I 41H^ TUe< Ki'CHllud poleutiol mooii i« luiul^ tip m AnLbu,',a« 
in Engllati, of n prtrioipU iii\d an diuiliHry vt*rli» m iu]i]nr juAb 
; ffln *j^; yimhiuak tj^ »/UU «r« rt^/nt-. The ptiBt t^nsa inQy be 
iTudered by tbo aoriat preceded by kiu, hs knot ftahC'yit'fl Iu / 
mighty ttjoltl. ehouli.'-' hnre gftif H to hnri ; iiitisb kiitl« tiJUi !hum 
K)iiiwuiya min il kitir illf 'niidok! Cfiddn't yrm latv tjit^n thfrm 
a litlU ovt o/ ffit^ fntanfitrf tffm hare/ kilnit ti'mil fih? tcArtl ip<w 
^A# Ut dot tir by the help of otbiir ftUYi]i»H«a, aes kan yiiukinu 
yirfrabu Jte '•oM htiv^ sti^nrk him. 

" C**d plKtn&rftiomy- 

^ An unfiilfiUvil duty ia somctimcfl implRHJ. 



988 THE SPOKEN AIlAlllC OF EGYPT 

% 495. ^'ouid anil ifKiidii hanit lu ^ eubjuiictive, t!<jiiiiLlittjjuiIa 
or optAti¥« Henet!, will hti Visadei'ed hy the ttonsBs of the iudiim- 

ttvsiuood. 

b^ IjA tir ra>ili, vdi b« emplo^eJ. as qiJit ujuihii tisljiivn-iui, ta 
tilctili, i-ah ti^l 'fif it'v'd ffinf f!js v^o\i{'f. nentl hrr^ iC'ttld viile, fopu. 

^ 11^7, Tilt) English infiiiitJVfi is i^xpret^^ed ; — 

(a) By tibn ai>riat uuitpd tf» the pre4'e«]iii|;( clau** or Wtird bj 
It t;ijiijijiJcI<ioji, i'S|i(.h:LlIJ^ wlieu tbi; iuliiiilHive dojiobta Ji JiLir^njHV, 
Its rnlimt I bnlrbl ^tsihiin nij^tHflilm '^n il UhAWr n't- uvuf tit 
/oii'ft /i^ (/i^'*jjtF about tk'^ ft'-'io ; gibte k-iUbAti "iiabAii nwnj-i-TLum 
Uk / hi^^ff byit'iht iny b/tdks to eJn>i£' {fhe/n tir) j/o^t ; liadduma r 
r*gil \l^\^^ yiiikl \ak }_iilca.jtii we luXf-^ Ortruifht you ilie mun ia tfU 
ffvu hit ttijri/ ; \ahih itiuiiiu ionu Ti'allini *aIjl 1 Wiir4L4|iL theyf 
ln!f/*/f^<.i o/ fttm to sign ifte fiopcr/ bfnehbidm iiiTi! oqdnr a^^ / 
hepc tv tre ahU to tvrnni wa'adid miiu yikbib 11 hfi pruunjxd to 
wnir^ tv "Kf. 

(^1 By Uif* Huriat without 4 ooDJuct^tioii (j^ 4ft3|. 

(f) byfl dijlirute vorbul uoitn goveruud hy tL« prepoBitiou ti* 
nr 'ti&li&u wlivD ft purpose ia eApteased, ^a il nt&nbyo nJiaftD mui 
ir rukCb it if Mferto vvilk titan to dnpp ; mii hai\a Inflah bAgft 

'4l#h bi 1 gild he icrtJ* covdfttinni to be fit/'jtjfd ; gLdiiui li I mirwAb 
h* fftu prepufod, readifj to go. 



TH£ PAKTIUlFL&b 

% 4^ti4 Tlri» oGtiTo pfti'tidpJD very frequently replftOca Um 

cxjiiuiiui^d prcHiot^ and »<uiietLaiU4 thtf piVHl i\r t'uCuro t^Dft^ 
Hikil tUi-4 vrh^lUar Ui$ Hitbject be eJipru^aed dj uiid^rstu>d ; f,^ 
kfuj kJltib il pLwib (-kiiti Luviklibu) Ibiuuiu ^bULt j»ii* ht 
H'OJ ii^itiiitf tht WUirr wlrn i uyj'wrb'i . /ukiiij fltil* il bAb iMJoUim 
tAyil ^A f^j/^ ftf ofretitu'j titi- itat*^ u-hfitt ^foit arnii' , untt ff^y I am 
*trmiU'j ; nna i-lAYir (^ Icuiito budOr) Ci 1 b^od n« gib wilkjd q«l 

lUQ niuitibu flli-hib Af uiu; l/^•'nAlr^/ of tht: iiwrntni. ij/uu vicgiF 
A' *toud tt*mtiiv'j (caAfl jrTfwi t^/i) ; jnnimn vritiUiiA ]iLi|i^[ki& n uiA 

nbuiua 1 luiHb^jLkb ^l}1it 1^'^ I'j lUiiL l1 LiT.cl r^LkUa 

l^mirbui^i fjw 0UK< f^jo Wjf-iAAwi ajiftifj tjtti \'/ the j^ 

Uh nhibb&k 'ula yAtntn id dj^kbiJ, i,o. ^4^ tttnJvt^ i. yiV 

«« i/Qu j|9 in; bidd m* utAqi'U hxav^ indtad u/ yitui . t.— > .--Jtf 



TBE PAEnCIPLES 



23& 



mn nl&li qnj'lnk injliAriljJ didn't I trJl you, ytvtErdayl ma fWi 
lingu nj^UuL ( ia tlti-rn riotfiiny {j/cm) /lOf^ /(fr'jeffen f lum tnttiUhih 
SbUili mill guerre sinuu / /raiw brou'/hf him r*p from hit •■hitffhuod, 
kuu futili, qjli] /ffr had fhul, *\jn'fif'i {hit efnrj/, i^i'-)^ so I'tlgi] (|Jlr7 
fi f*\ftdi„i/ rii'M, i.u. fi ryftd num ; ruh tliip'I uliiiih lliij/flTi il ijiiliWH 
A^ U'tf^i^ fffMt'jIit «W'f 'frank thit^vp"t -''ij'*'* i-"^- fi'Uf/v<ni.- it>'frnnjl<t 
yjf; yoruii JugrI <l;liih il Widjul fi ^*'l■^il^i]U Af "iroi'jfUt'af! f'i( the 
fif/y III tkcfiui'., ' fiuiL uiUfili uAviiu Ji t Ir^t il Irlii (lur mA iikuMhKii 
iiAj'im)^ il bfibitr cj^yim in Dahardii. whIIu. bntraS i* 1h< t^vot 
tfariing Ui-datt i,r lo-nr-rm^feJ so m^ iitiiJi tuna bukra? v^tn'J you 
/it hfTn totH&iTov? tho pai'ticiple at the dubBt&atiTo vei^b not 
iei'ig ill ijst<H 

§490. The i^aujsivi* pa.rtioi|.>lft n^fi-rp o»lj to an act ulrouil) 
fiudt, &iiJ thu Euf^li^b Lio)ji^rf<<ct tint;«ivL- ptutioiplo iituAli bu 
ti-riiifihLti'ii bj jL pi<ri|Jjias;t^ ; llius luijft il wuWi mAilrt^b bi 
**rtija I joiiii'i tf\'- h^y virnH: ^\th a nifk: laqH il wjiIiuI beyi- 
Urubfth (oi' beytLljubO fib) I fojimt thif Itoy ft^ny lit. 

)!j GOO. Tbo E>4rtid^ltiB, like Ajxy othi-r adJL'<-t]vo^ mny qiinJify 
n noan or be uand aiibatauuve]> or jtrtveibuklly, &a ir lAj;!! il 
hAflir ^A« pjn^r irfin in finnait; U muni 1 iDiiqtl^U thif jnunleirvi 
tfomnrt ; IdJjiiu tiui\h\x* i$ prinM ti-d'nrt^it ,• il j^awabii il niesG- 
giwu the rtftefcraJ hii^ra ; id dikhJI lu/im yiltbiUl! bSlu lie wito 
ifiitt in ritiid le caTf/id ; l\ nmtcjAll laa yii.iklsh tiikjytpii, i.e, (iettJ 
Mf^q t^t no ialKs; wiMd gAbi] in nt*iiiJL, nukir il mii'rflf onf ftrr- 
yttfui fff javourn, i>tf. an unrp-cde/nt ma/i ; il (niiri yili^itl i|(ilil U 
Qij^hl //le rv;ini'.r *ijriv^ f/e/vre the u^tUker r uq'ui eakib «ii quid i 
il hu^iu mi*bi liidi (/it Aor^i? «i^/^ *iMi(ffy. 

SjSUL Tiie jietive jiju-ticiplt* is, atriolly i|i«ii.kiii^, iinporfect 
in its aotioa, o^ntl uoitbiir it n-nr tho jHt&^xvu i^ortiv i}>|{> oad be 
iiAtfl by tbcmwlved, liku tin; Eugli^b pfutidplo^i t<:) dafine the 
<:iruumfitttiit;ii:^ ul iwi UA'bion. Aii Eii^diinb cl^u^ef theiefore, iii 
u^hk'b a. piLTticip]^ bus or \\mA\ tb^ full forv^ of u verb. iiHibt be 
coijvurted iiito oo*? iiitjorluued by a conjum'tioti, or bi^ othprwifce 
piLmphrik3«d j tbud uindiluj 'iHfto iiitubk uitisL ^ny (iti'te bj^m 
Aninfififi ihiU ifoti 'i-ci-'^n't rnmmpf T m^nl imt (m.it TliiF iiiii'ikj; 
liimiiLii fokkidte irmi^ui gut haviriy iisntii-fd inysi/f tlmt »fii.' hU'i 
<7jr/»« , Wd? mit Hitkkt't il bib baUt;t il ru^ifUih £i ^/bl fuji.tu^j 
tifckfl t}vt dtrtfi't I i"it i/ie key tn ii>y fD'kt-t ,' lua ttliab yi^i ikiuiuEiu 
ta"l>4n tn^mtj tiri^K k/^ nw itmnUtitij U} <w/ittfi ; ba'de tnn t\u\\e 'ala 
] ^£f cJAkhuL ii bi't fmntiij Jttmp/vf oi^pr the t^if A«' ifcjtt ittSo tfif 
ho*i0O, laDima oliufu b^yit^iiaba i9t<uuk& fi I bab eeoiji-j htin ai 

1 C<jiup. tbtf Eii^jtiidi '* D(jt:"t go bitting' biin " *' Wliy Jo j-oii 
go doirig that?" 



290 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



diimof, hf wUM ai the door ; W'd il fuUsmA udait^^it (or kmnrn 

hilnfn'it il fulfls) the nto't^j/ hafiri'j hern jmid ,- ahiU il "ftiyil **.!* 
Icii^fu we till' yigr\ iiftituj the child on ta hit thtaihier, Juf niJi 

§ 50S. Bat ibflj nmy be uoed like the Aorist trf> qiuklify Um 
□juaaiiii; i>f cerbtlu vurli^, tut uidt niiLqtlll ; aiul ail ttclivtf |Mri^ 
ciple mfty — ^ 

(d) ImmediAtely foJlow tbe i^^^ba rih, gih, t^inw, E'Hl, uwl 
tiuiD, Im^iticg tboir action, a« r4h ^arl A^ u^nt rurtniri'j . g^nm 
Lnaobjln ^ce came Kolkiifj, otv jvut ; qiiin wA<(if, eAkit^ fiiltlikA 
lul'f u lamnkA. 11 f£q ^iv i*f>n/jV/ii»^ ^ir'''>i/ ^ idt {utf rfo/Acui) fAtf '^/ 
lanriuliuic i^lim'btn ^/<^y fon/inuaJ dr\nkiwf. 

(h) Defitie the coaiition of the obj«jt of TDtbi» BLgQifvm^ to 
psTf^vitx or .^jjii, iia Hua Hhufta dibiiil / mia htnv ffitiny in ; Lu]i^lki 

dil-il) il wad I foitjul hirrt strikiiiij th*^ Ifff. 

KeiurM. — Ill bf>tiL casaa K^e uoi-lat or firetwnt mi^y li« TwI 
iafitDfkil tif tliw |»Articipltf, Jfcnd in the latti^r, e.'*ppcliJly ifclWr ¥**rba 
(jF suuiiq^t iLu cuDJumtiiuu uJfi iiay bu iutiertricl btitw^wn tlie object 
fcud tbe partu'l|ilH. 

^ 503. A poatkl cxovptbu to the rule luiii dovo la £ ^^ ^ 
Uie u^ of irlio copulative wibii ttie [leL^uiutl fiii>iLuuu, witicb, 
t^g^thi^r witb tbe pfErtit^iplit, lu^a uqitiFkklf^lit, to jl t'laiiioe intrtn 
LJiLGHJ by a temporal voinjaQctioti, m itqAbilte wnijuh w nbft 
riyih *aln 1 biJiid / fw'i hirn as J wria goiti^j in th^ fniUwfa ; 

uif/£ At.j hv itui't tc pjitf. {i^& Etirtbifr, ^ AZti.) 

Reuabx. — ^££oro aji^uji tbe (^utiuiivd pre^nt tui^y bo »0cid, 
iM iUiiiliilte waiyih w ilua ImjuI^i A^., but tbe putticipla i« 
jiref Arabia. 

Ji ^Ui_ Tbe Kn^Iiflh porund may hr* rpudtpireil in Anbic by A 
vrrhal noun, the ju>ri^t, or h aeporatc oUiido evomotuaoi intro' 
dlUTv^i by Jl ouiijuiii'tiuEi, aa yi<1^ibbi? ibim £1 Iu^Iia Jut <f ycviJi^ 
ttudtjii^f }ihiUAij-i^ ; i>uhu 1i ^hurf id iltk a diah /t ttrvfmj $ht 
/oW ; djui biLdrblMkk 'iiftbAu d4(|i^ituk dl tk biuti / am htthttg ^tu 
/iff pualuhij nty ditwiht^r in fhu n>a'j ; y^ljlbbv y\^]n^ fi 1 Qur'iti 

tif rrrvMtii/ thf rtivr ; «hiukAi)Qh 'jtU hIiatl mil qntikl imrutu A*" t.-u« 
hftrk/-'/ yr'r rr(ur<irwmf Au iti/q ; i^AiiTim ikuimnu (or liirrLiiis) 
fjftiytt' fulflditk /«* 'I'Tid mwi ihtiiafi/i hai'iwj hnJ hit uufw-f/ . Khwlu 
Imrd il(T[im»Lt kaii v»»\\S ii 1 niufu'^^ A'- '(^^ fo/vu ^r'/ii /^rvm;% 
^andtii-/ in f/^e rrJin ; LullMr khi'nili illi ^rt ^/' ' ' NtrTtiti^i 

taia Ibih futydix Q tuiutk bcrid^ iAtn:'* nv ^j^ufi *> l/. 



CONDITIONAL SEJTTEXCES 



cei 



I 



THE T0I0E8 

% 50^. "Ilie f«iBfl[Te voicfi ia ostprcaflecl — - 

{a) lu i-erUiin vtrl<K\)y a upHcbl ftirui ( v\"^* J^tiw, | 141), 

!^) Bj fiiw nf thr- iImhvM fomn ( AiTi'ti-ticM. 
r) Uv tUe uflB of thi?i third yt^vt^n yUiml of tho lictive, with- 
out rofuTMiOe to rt (Icfijube suijoot, ae diLruLl^b ^i? fr<f ff.-dtftf ,- 
vriiU kaUtlju 1 gawAl? i 'rhfu *ra« ffi« UUvr irn'ffen '/ nk>Llii >jjJi- 
iiEinflh Ji^ (a 'JoiJi'J to /** hnn^fed ; ruh ^iqtit W» qfttalQU lit iiwn/ /fi 

§ fi06. Tbe ajcant itt usually ititi-oJutfyl byininwhcn a (mo^trQ 
form [a UfleJ, but nol iiaf rrtjuwi tly liy lii, tsptH:iiiJlj wbeo It i< 

RrhaKK- — jVlbhi>ng!i the fwswiv^ fui-ms ikr© freely u^^ in 

jic&sftw!, til put x\iv v^rb iii the a^-tive vuict^ : thus the thirj ithk 
faii-jht bti ttp'> Tfifii jHuvimj wtmbi bo Uottur tirmslittod by it«iL-ii 
kiufi faytJu niialcLi ] LiuAia! tluitk hy il hajiint ItnuEiik luiu iUirii 
kAnfl fayUn. 

CONDITIONAL aF4NTEN'CES 

g S07. Tho prtilAflis (or [-UniSi^ onntaiDinjf the oon'litioTi) is 
introdoi-'H) by i2n or in when a fiLtui-^ ciotidition i^ ^it^toii) \ix\<\ 
by Uit. lu,^ i£&. or in vhen it pj^t cottiiittun u stmtod. In ntl 
c^iaBU tlic verb must bf* in tb<* ^nwt tennii ; ejj. izji gilj waJiul */ 
any •rrM eotne ; ia wiqi* il kitjib miti Idflk r/ ^/if /''>ri^ thout'f JaU 
JfOm f/ottr hand , ia, kiintt> ruht b/ yr^ An^ ^ne ,- iaa kuttu hixd- 

g 50H. luik&DhDil in kftn, foUowrti by tbf jvit-SkIh ar* uwd i:i 
the sAiue wiiV (i£ izii &ti4 iti with t.b« piut. tPiisv. iirirl fijIlrmorT hy 
thu itnpt'rFoct prG>4.>iit iQtri>>]Lit;i> a vcititIlTiLmu wliicb OiUj be in 
p[TWk<a- of fulfilment. 

g SiJO. The tviiijuin'tion lun or le inn mnj mt>^nf^tie bptwpun 
ho, 16^ li, Ac, imd the vurb. When thm bifcpp*nK» ths \'orb kin 
i(t underBlood, m tbut the atrw^t rendL'ring would bo torr.- *^ fAa/ 
. - . jitA that . , , tbe ftifrdsintrtxluccd by thecoujlilictiunroriu- 
iog k ftiibfitnntival rl>ini«^. 

^510. Thf> (ciilowing e^iimplMS of aflinn&tive and negnti^'o 
rl«nw» will show wbikt tenses Bh^mld lie need both in tbe (jro- 
t.4AL« ntiii ufHiiiunis (Uutt t% thi* I'Uii?^^' I'lmt&iiLiiLg the Lx>ncluH]OD^, 
ru<r-'ir-rUn|F ai tbe funntr implii/? thut l-bi* fnlfilnieTit uf the fomiu 
tiirii t#i, or wnB, poasiblc, friobrtUc^ ar uapufuibJe: — 



Thv fwuj )J^ ifl ge't«iul]^ u«i^ iu ut^gutivii ovntcncei. 



S93 



TOE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



(fl) Future jxissibUity. or piTjUiliUity, w mere u-itjumptiun : 
JE» ^hp ill gih^ isjx k&n yij^l (or iu knii yi^l), ^flti !tn&' r/ /c* 
imrne (or «07/i^^), / fTi'/f go ; Iea cod ^&ah, in mit g&sb, iza kon m« 
^igtnb, iu iu;( kHTiishe ylgi. Li kr^u ma ji^Ub, m iu& kaufifae jigu 
atHli Alia, if U^ lilt [f/'iP.K) it'.if eofiP., / ?«// j/'j. 

{t) Present possibility or prubj^bilitv ; i«L k^ji b^jJgL Id kaci 
bcyi^^ ArCk ajm i/Af! i> f^j^jjiji^. / v/// ycj,- ua dia kiuisL^ bejigl, 
iu nta kausb^ t>i^>'^Kl urHb una ifh^ be {ie) wA coini'"/, J teill tji>» 

(A Fucni'o iniprolrtLbility : iiw gib, iu gib, ruht if Ji« eaina 
^nhould cotaej, f icfruid ifo/ iBainugirih, in magisb, rulit '/A* ic.-ra 
not fo eonta, / «*uu/</ j/o. 

{li) Piiatp probability or pnHslbilitj : izu kan gill, iu hai glh 
Krflh j/ h/t fiof rjune^ f irj/t ijo ; i^a mt kajiabe gib, ui m& kaftuie 

{■-) Puflt tuiprnbiibtlitj : \nii gib, luu innii (le inou) 4^ih. ia 
kiLii ^ih arOli uiul '/ A^- ^houlii Imvf f^iriif!, I fmidii i/tr ; Iku ma (or 
lAma), gftih, li'i li gih, bm iniiti (le inuu) ma ijAali, iu ku-tt loa gl&Ji, 
ID ma kukftlie gill, oHUl iliui i/ he ahould not Aul'it iviic, J teUI 
go. 

{/) Pi«t impoHHibility (condition iinfulfillefl] ; Inn gih, hii' 
kan gib, li;u kiin pgi^ i'"J»t- ltu:it*^ mht, kuril iirllb unii >/ ifl 
Ad'/ 'v/prfj, / wvviJJ /rfciue 'joitf^ i \a\\ {\u) mtt, irfti*b, Ifi U ^ih* Uiu (Kf) 
mil kaiii^L^ gib (yigi), lia kau mJk gfMb, lA lA k»ii i^ib (ji^l) rul^t, 
kuritt) i^^^itr UuLt Mflh cma r/ /jf AofX not roinf, I mould Aora 

['_r) Iiuporfect iutpoHaibility ; Ijvh k&n bbyigi kunic nttit* kuuh 
IU fli*, kuEilii bwrfitt aiii* ij' Ae /iti// ^f^ tf/Mii/i^;, / w^jiitit hare j^tnVfj 
(/« ir'^fn/;) ; \n.'ii (16) itia b^Lii^b*^ l^i^yigf. ti'> 1^ kjui IwyigT, litii kaii id&, 
tmyi^jfih kunto nibt, kotit lU^Llb, kuutd bui-iltb, aqil \/ ^ Aoci irufj 
/'<tn K'oifiin'jt f <f*(>«''/ A<trtf fjotie {hr^t i/<fin'j]. 

RiHAiLic a,—'!/ Ijtm yigl ia bunLivtiiULia un^'il for in iim gL^lt bjr^ 
ibe uDdflucuttHl, iu UiH buliuF tiwt Uje^ itre diMplajiiig il ktu»i 
tt.'d^v of TifiAuiy, 

UioijLiLK A^^lu (fj) t1i« ibunFit in H■>motunt^4 v»t*d for tb? 
litLUixi priJEiciil, )u luu kuntoa^mf luii kujili^li (Lalonja if I 

1 StimedDxnH.iU'u, kuriU<iLi-A)> xbvntbif prolMbility a ntuinU, 
In kiiU yi^i is jiurluipi uiuru miLoUi l.bitri Iml kun rigl. U hi 
U10 ftJIilrtn'iil ot LLu uuiiililioD i* [unkkjtii'Ally ik fi'rtjkii^tj', U* 
in bm^uitB ^ulvuli^ut to UuuiiA, aa lu (lii' Iu tuniiot ia«HL^, 



CONDTTIONAL BENTES'Cl^S 



291 



to tbo verb in the apoclosi^ aa Inn kunte itqtbUte vr^i^iibn 
JiikuntD mjLuwittuho. had I maf Atr, / tco\ti4 ib^tr&iii/ haf^ kiUfd 
her. 

§ 513, ItA kAn is^nneriLlly r«ganl»dnE one worrl, krmr^iiauin- 
in^ UQi^hAng^ id nuuiher acii] person,^ ua iia kiiu u^'i^ ^i^'fi if 7, 
y/iry. jranze , but we may also aay iz& kuntu (or kutti-) a^I kknd 
ji;rfl. itc- With FH, ou tlji* uoDtraj'v, ki'in hljuuld itgr<?e ^vit,b the 
siihjfwi, QR in kariit 'agflbifjik wjiHn l kAtiit mn 'ugahii*ke>ie 

^ Slil, l,i'i nijl^ li"i lij. and a^jiiittiinr? in ma, maj- iirjoipiluitfly 
pri**»4l" n hubritittitive ia tlie H«uae of Imt/itr ( ^jcp™ rt iif^^rtirl, 
A4 I'l mft kliufu miiihiim htit far hit/fftr &f them ; h't 1^ <! dmvu Jili 
kulte uiutt hiif j\jr if\i9 jii'^ii'-inf, J ttnti difd ; iu ma kAnnhi il tljirb 
tf*f /i/r the fAitir. Tie TCib kAQ U tirtt infrwjaeiitly ©iprirsaBtlt u» 
In In k:\ti id ibwii iliii, <£u. 

I &II. The otjnilitLoikal pjirticlee ore often omiUer), espdoinllr 
i*li«Mi thore arc two iiltorikritive oUu&<]s, aa niysen fi loiMkih 
ti^'bra^i, lit. hc>j //ihU in a hoiU^ (txrul) ii finkf; kjililni il UJ uuk^l- 
liiin Id Kibdft ; vitliL* 'al*'!! m iiahilr, ywtlli ifie tniriU nf the m'ffht nre 
jfjfTM'i iCith hufUr, if ( - u'fiett) ih« ihiy niteji ujJor> fhein thny rndi 
u'Citif : ti^jti'iViH nm filiiUb kSg-j rmrf i/, nn'i (Affirm in nothiu-/ m if ; 
fcUfllii li f<V] i'^yt m* fi^b ^li^^l /ce ti/i>^i ii up nf i/ thrrv iCfrr {it 
*«rtf) nothtt',/ ; yigl nia yiglsh kA^b lni*du i? t* nff the antue irfifOier 
he r<nnft or riof ; ylgl, tftiyib ; ma yi^jftah, nj'mil t^h ? i/ Ac mm^y, 
uW^ tim^ pr— ^ , [f"it) tthat irh-i/l 'ff i^r> if h' i^r-iH/fi jw^ CO HIP J gih ^ib, 
m* j^fieJi Tipflhiif I in* pirliin timyn '//i*' r*mpff/f» h^ rtitrifji : i/ he thf^r 
^ot^ iH jk"ll tfn irhal {vfiM') /^ari Im 'ifme ; iua fisb FuJflK, trin ftsh 
'vb)i no /NfVmif^ ^fL' trr<a/i; '^ krat b^Jifik. klind miiin J i^^d ; in& kaiirihe 
heiiuk.l'fll il i/rtWjlb 'audu */' he u^ffKre, t/Hrff} ^tii firinfcrr/iofu ftivt ; 
(r ft" M fi'if. /cn^'" fl,f Mftfi- at ?iin hfi'rua ; iaii kaa kbiiHn^nk tna 
fish nj^iii^ ; ni:i kbnnnM.-jkflhi* tiyv ina yi'gibok \^i\. tf it tnfiijien 
yw, IT'-It rtw/ ■;/iO'i ; )/»"'', "*^Vh (''^) '" V^"^* pfetu^- ; keblr kari ikii 
HifibftiyiiT tWAft if Af* much <<r Uff/'- . lui^'jiiu- wjtlla much iiJ^ryfu' 
maliirinh dn'wa itdiMi wat antcrrrv un trhff?tpr /mt is ii carjifTilernrnft. 

% GIA, Tbo c-oaditioiiji] purticlffitt itv« t^x^e^sifA nfter verbs 
doncting le^rmi^, onrpriv^^^w^ tlius. im-iti^nd ot Aiyiug biirit«^hntl> 
iift knn inli yigl **Uu U\ wp Bay bastu^-briLb ntlt jigl whIIiv I«' oi' 
yn lAni yi^l wjillu W. Aft^hr vM>h of apkin^ th^' mjiy b«t 
u«ei) or Dotc^ptioiuiMy, nsea'ailUi iiui kan ruyUi yigf (orsa'nitu Hiyih 
yi|^) / Of^kfil htm tf 7ie rf*rre n/mirm i but Qoto tlmt in thw lather 

^ KAn sniuettines retiiaiuH unt^han^ed &l£o vith lau, ufi Llu. 
k&D sbuffU for laii kunte hLuFtUH 



1!94 THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 

■<de th? qii««riion \3 ftctuully nslceJ, &&d tihi> wgnls mu«t W pro- 

'^ f^|6, Whftfi^ , , , or is ofUn exprvA^ed bj rQwa in kflti , « .j 
ILU, HhUft (we ilJi*)i '^ tiHVA n kau yikr^b au yilrKidj- f/-Af^A«r An 
^in ^ ion^ ,- trhfthrr . , . '*r tuft hy \ta kin» ita (with jnut ti<'iie« uf 
verb) in kJln. hiwu n kUn . . . wallu In', wiilljt niA, lui qui M ita 
kunCe ridi wrIIm. tan. nbL^U radf, im kunte Sliui tvrflli vullb In' 
leti tne leKsth'-r y>ii ar^ iPilUff/j or umriliin*!, ipJirJhrr */im vrtdh to j^f 
trr nai ; in kfLtiit takul w^lU mi laku! *chd!f-r the eat rir ntft ; 
ioi niliW vinWn ma mJitifih rrhrthtfr j/"v po nr nitf ; nift iL'nif»h4» 
kAu ir ragii njAiigllil wntla U' / 'f^rtiV *noip tcJu-th^^ Ihi^ mon tcvz* 
pn^^ut or itot {in bwin^ uiifieratwidi isftlwrc) ; riVT* lY. flt^U'jfi, hj 
wt Lui. wi luu ixui, or lau w<j iim, as vri luu ^h ImIah };urOtL bmi^ 
ihiiiifjh fip I'l'fuHf 1 v7iU ijo : IjiLqfll il kAlAm da ivi Ijmi innnhiim 
jiw]kSl>akhOnt I nhatt imy tht» thuwjh ffmy K<^'}i,t m« / leiblr kilti wl 
Liu cui;hLLivaJ' b^ it /tirr/r?, i^r er^pA bt it mntili , lau wi UfUTia ruih 
bLufurthsh "two thtywjh ire /am it rvtt. 

RlSUAitK. — W4^ miisti hp cAi-r>ful b^ diKtingnisli betve^n w&lU 
^( = 1^1^ lllo^ we ilia) iiud wfiJa nrrr ( = wa Id) ; w« in ia u oon- 
tnictd<1 Ui villa, an iukut willa aq^n' r^^ak ^ ijuief or / v«/i 6r«aft 
(lit. ^af o/) ^our /*aa//, 

INDIRECT DI8COUE8E 

J61L An indii-wt quotutioQ maj' Iw uitPoduoed by Iho 
innjuikctionB iqei, K'tau, Wa inu, ua qui iuiktx 'luual kuJ^ /ic 9aui\ 
iluU he tt\d iK>; or the original words luuy be quottil, oa qUl 
'lUuiklU' ketlv : mn t^juli^bu li J^itdJ aua 'ainiiite kwU t/ifft'/ ta/I miy 

t)f)« ^v (/»<i ito^ 

§&I6> Ovciu^iiinulJj tlieoe two Furme of t4feecti 4rit coiif UHOii, BtuI 
H ilJri^L'th quofAtion ifi intrrvlnced b^ u cNtajifiJL-Liuii,' n^ qui It* inuL 
kuutd fiakr^D wjujtilui /j.^ ynrif ^jv (/jirjMx//) wu ^/rurjArrjr the time ,' 
ha'dCu aiia qoJU ikn Lo iinil nun Libbittk J tfu-rt irj/ii ffT I iffi» 
Arr / khabW-u I bAstlui. 'bU LJiiiiii^ imi tqi^icahdbp fA"y ifi/'/frnMJ IJm 
jtojihii Ihfit thffi fuul H"t /\imul hint ; knii menibliib 'tL\^ya Intukk 
tLbotlilAT il ttkl ft'" /i/i'/ ftnij^rft ma to jrrppfv'/t thf fti^-ii. 

i h\9. in iiulirrct qui^H^iona tbo oonilitionibl fmrtiolt^ m kta 
may bo iiawl vriUi aJl [JcrnuitJ*, an auiibtl iu kipM'« nbvb 
n'alri tin kAii. ^c. : or il miiy U> LUiiiUiHt. arid ' 
IH, «(hv<ii tbi*n> IM B.rj alU^rtintitu cUurtt^, im i^'vlnl j 

' Ko DTI vamvtimw id Grvdk^ Ccmfauoo is not likolj 
wW frr-m tho double mvAbing, the eonMxt Ahovtng *1^ 
lutei^dvil. 



INTKRROQATTVE SENTENCES 



29.1 



f&, Ahuftit yruMtk )ii he at^/tffl tiit* trk'^fhfr I am cCTirin^ <^ nut. 
tchi^hef I mw him orrwt ; i&t^iiui glli v^IIh IIhm inquire vttethrr 
I4 hat ccfri& y^t irr nf)f ; or the crigjtial woi^ds mji^ ta quoted. 
HR Ha'alnl ruK ti^f, nhuftii vdlsb 1^*. The fii^t uF the Uji'e^ 

g ^'20. Thi* ronjuTJCMOTirt inn. If Inn, ^0^, lae not inftffjirenTJ^ 
blnitl^ lifter the verb qiil. tliough the quotAtiuti rfuiainfi iiidirvct^ 
ud (|ClIQ tatL Inqflsh il valjul i}i^y Aaxd th^'j tinin't Jtrttl the boy / ia 
jttUWflhin yeqiUfl aift fibafQsb il buwrn tht. (uurtpti ea^ thi^y huien't 
Bf'nt tfi/f Ftfftimitit : qillil 'rtli^jii iiifil (or nutt) ih'-y Nuti 0/ tiip th'tt 
I had ^tui : ij Inban mush mn^hlJ; it labbakha iitqfll roj*gbll 
ihe tnitic m ii"l Jjofl^^i .- (ho cook pnt/a boil&i (i.e. /ftai it 1^ ^fl>j^oi). 

I 521, Wlieu [lie verb in llif iiMiinvt iiuut-itiini vjj" queation 
wtiulil not lcigi«illy he iit th^^ puni, tenGe. it Lh pl&OHl in the 
irii perlet^'t pefieiit. aomt^ or- fnlure in ArKl>ic ; thu( trfioJ! Hid 
ha attij i Hs H'litl he icae c('Hi\a-_/ will In? traiitilAtpd by qfil &hi 
qjkl iupu liiyigl h ^i^ taid A^ dj'ln'l thiak hy qil 'oIa inmi mil 
jiftikirsh; th^'j r^id th^ff Jtvittd hrimj thtmi by qSlO iimulnim 
yegibflbum (or Ln^'eglbOhuin) ; / ajilad Aim i/ hv (Kcppiod by 
a»*iJtij \ui Van b<^yinU ; ao t{aX U innii iDii yit^rafi^he bu^u 'au il 
[[ijia'ula <l! he miid it9 knew ncOdM'j of this viatir^r. 



INTER nOGATlVE SENTENCES 

g 522. Ad mttMTo^ul.ive Atintence uj4ijnl1y Htscds without an 
introductory [nrli<^lu, ua in English, whyii nothing ja iraplied 
U9 to the anfiwcr, aa ruh tij^ bukrn I arc firm affriinfi iiMTtoirtntr ? 
isliuft LT r^jl ilii k'kD biiiA 7 ur wbeu iUo verb id tie^ntivsand 
Ekn lUfirmntiv^ annwer in psp^pte-j. aft m^i shuftish ir ragii ? duini 
tjoH nee ikf ttiati/ In other oases it ia not unconimoidy intro- 
(Jut^od by tbo worU ya'nl (the 3iit para, eiiig, of the [K>riet of 
tbo diauweti *fljiii //j mean), an tiffinuniiie iHSwer being tJiea 
inFiiriRhly ^ipat'ti"! if tbi* verb la »llirnnitivi», pnd a tiegnliva 
Mmwor if ib« Tcrb ia no^ative, hs ya'ti! rnh tigl biikm 1 yoa ar« 
r-rf;nm7 to-mfrr^Py tUmJ ya^nt EDft abuftiah ir ligil da? A^ y^i 

didn't Iff ffi'tf riiiii ? 

^ 5'J^1- Yii'rJ mny bo followed pleorifiFti<'s.lly by the nonti 
miL'iuk >\'itU tbo fouiinitio proDomiuivt «u(liS| aa yu'nl mii'u&hib 
Luuih rHAi tijfi fl" ^AfTs ' i/nu or^ *i/i^ tcdUnii t<* niiut. 

j 5?4- Both in direct juiil indirert qiie^rpfons the inlemi^iifivo 

1 Wo! and mo'nAhik miiy be ^xIJ^e844d by t" th^n^ k« aboT^, 

bul tbey i4re much mote fro^lj' u«hI ici inlenogutivi^ aeubouc^ 
tlian &beir English mjnivoltsrita. 



296 



THE SPOKEN AKAmC OF EG^TT 



f>nMionn nsurillj pi'weilce tlw v^rh wlwn it is tin* subject, 4iid 
followa it when it is th^ ol>joct. (But e^■^> ^ 4i'3.) 

§ 525. Alt Et]tpriiiiitiT« <|ue0tdoii Ls introduce hy >vii]]A, na 
'itui ti-rfih W!*lla tistJiniut lima it< ^um rt^nnl to y or rfrj^ fteit t 
»hiyA*t il gnw^b whIU liuwa lisfla 'andftk /<aiK y^M s^ thf UtUr^ 
Of have you Mt tf/t %i f 

§ 52Q. TLe Arabs are verj fond oF Iiitixx^uciiig Jk prinripAl 
or fiaiissil stinti^iire hy im iutcrnigntive cjjkune, fyr tlii* {iur(uw* 
of ftttTHOting the atteutioD of the Iteai^i' to \\\9 Sncl ftbout to 
be stLit^Ml; ^.r;. lamina [u'a.ltii qitl If 6Ii^ <{id li le Luuu 'uium 
ma sliafliiaL rrfifin I *jgk^'l tittii, ahttt dUt lirf tel! mi*f hf tdd 
me thitt he had n«*T f^t W in hx fi/f^ : wi huuim* nnwiiinlbuiw 
ihl mai^^udbum yilttfiiflbfibxim ar\/f vh'it ifom fheir 4ihjinr .' fA'-ir 
offjf'^f UYU to dnvf fht^rit atrnif ; tiDJX qidti lak il kiJitru dn l^hT 
quhiiok U k/blam du 'a«lijhu la^ruf . . . u'Ay i/ii^ / ttU |/otf tliatf 
I U'f'I it ifuu ihiif 'tjiru miffhi /ritiiff. . ^ , 

g 527. loatdad of liUAWi^ritig ^&t of ff^?, thei person to whom 
ft qupfltion id juMi-f-Hfii^d will ofteu n.'pi*at tlit* principal wurl 
gf tUs mtfvrti^jilivtf aeiitencie (uaiULlt^ n vntr) in an uUlriiiulivv 
or & ni^giitjvi* form, nn ^iJiufti kthbiif ShnPT,!) (or ttiji i^liiif tflKh) { 
tlu ktAbu? kwtk, kiUlbu; fi uAab-^nfikT V^h^ ma fUh. 

Hehark iT.^Not{<:a ttit» ii^iat-rUuLk of lu' in ^inh «xpje*LaJon4 
as ^t iaibirih m innalJar Ja? W, ^fit imlwirib ; gibli- wjl^U 
wiJka tnfnt W gibte wAhid bas!i ; diL ril^il mi^ibl bi', buyib, 
tlio itooond altomativn^ oven thougb uuozftrt^afl^d, being denitfd 
before tbe firut if alHnned. 

Rekarh a,— Note that <|fk1 in fiometimt^ iijied for vn'n], as 
qfti In iui kfl.n hiiwn rah yi^tMk dilwvjti Widlu yiHtanim sbwui^ 
he fwl'p'F hint icheJh-crt 4"^ 

RcMAKK c.<-^Ax] interrugatioQ may In? cqnivalpnt to a Piff»r 
t^TAf ii«jiklidlEi4q.sn^fim ^ a^aimjuj? ( - utA ^Auwtiqhli) f tlMif JtnUh 
yuifkfy! do yon rtq'i'*'9i* I ihtU br lon'jt 



VEEBS EXPBISSITE OF WOKDER, BUilPBTt>E, 
DOCBT, FEAR 

S 996. Wli^re A ciroiTmitiinco ir m^ntionod m a mitt*? of 
BUF^rlM or doulrt., ibi' Bi^utmici* rt?cQHiiig it is iulmluciMi by 

tbo ro»jiJiirti[in inn, '.'dii itin, ±c.y iitiJ aritt ns tbi' objvirt of 
tbd vtirU, ivi nn£L Ata^iimbtit *a|jL hmJik nv% tu^rril«bt< ab^iTLii uin 
ktde / nm iiuifiiifrd Ifi'it fJ^|« '/i* n^^' ft-tv U/trr tfvu thiit ; btiA 
'audi aiiiikkw li^inuu hlwa / ft^fttU vhHfi^ tt is If , Wit T»!j*'n< 



NEGATn'E SENTEKCrES 



207 



to ithMh/tr ihrtf fofre fomin^ ?i> idf or not ; istu^liiab rab ni^mi^ ^h 
fth he tcon/U-r^-'l t/k^f tiy p-frr r^fi^nrj t<t tfo ta /•mi ; 'ftTidS ehtillko 
3'ekftn hQwri uuJin ^licVu / am in tfiiaht ta fit irh^fhrrr t1 /« lif 
Of some irtLe the, 

S B:J9. The EcflUh / trt>nder vkftfier jnny f^neiiJtT be 
tnhri«lattHt by *ft tom ' or hallnrft (or hant-tru), wliiv;li iii*y pitLer 
jii'H.'wle or follow tliti Tcrb, ila ya tara riih T^u / 'ttrntlTr ichtfrr 
hf httx f/mw: h"nmnL t'l^'i"i ">in Mn^it* j^l TnrH tunv thfiij ie/l 
Cai'm, /^ ftfm'i^r -. bo in il dependeT*t seiitpiio*^ fis shnf vii tarn 
lii*inil *h B-'c tfu'/ or/^ 'f/irt^ H'rr shiruhi tfo. Tli"? min11l.ii»nal ]WH'- 
tii^lf^a anmi^LLiJiHH follntr, as qui II ya EyiriL iu kuiiU' niiibi?i^t waWn 
Itt' fpJ/ nc, af I nm mi7uf^\iiif, ^rhEtJvn' yn are cfnitfnfvf or nnt. 

J B30. The clniiae wbkh oonlaio* Ibo ohjpol □£ fvat. bt*ihp a 
future event, in iutj-udu<^«d hy tbo conjiinptiim lnhnjfcQ (or nlitjin) 
(rr fHtAsiuriftll^'r but 1 id properly* by limbic inn. d^c. ; or il uiHy 
wtftiid by itself ; *fl khAyif Iflhwrn^ «haan yi^rf, m* yi^B,U/>'m'jf/ U*t 
hr rftrnf, do not conr^, or (leae usunlly) khAyif yi^» uin yif^ah. 

tti« event is c:<piict^ tu tabi^ plHco,'-' a* ktulF la Vi-iiiflt U walml 
Tit fiarrd let/ the but/ die or Ih^. fioij *f^(ml<t liit, khjvl waiyiUi shain- 
sTya min khof la tumtur id dinyu he hfoh n." ntnf'rcJta j\>f /tar it 
^fioidJ miifi, fliiuilarly nitb tlis verb vtivn, as d'h \a liusA- 

J 53S. WliPn the ohj*4^f. 19 an ai-Pnt whirh is bpli^'ved to bw 
actunlly l/iking pWo. or to have alreiuly C^Lkcik plnce, it will he 
ifitroducivi by the wnjutitliijn inn. h ion, a^ kblyil I9 itiun 



NEGATIVE SENTENCES 

J 533, The nepitivB sufli^ jfA mny Ihj fttiJit-bed, M wo have 
flnpr in th^ iK'diletift", to pronouns anil prrtTioioinal ^itflijc^s, na 
y^>y\\ ne to tlitf verb, liEn-t OT<?n t<> otiiop wi*nU wfi*?n cinphiitic; 
€.•/. in kujil.w iikM jitieli iut*saiidm|til ly ycm f/cnV Mn-i^ 7«e, 
whure in iziel kimtiHh mi?*iiMi*qni mij^bt cijimlty w*^ll bpj Miitl ; 
j» ksri ma tbuiEiHibo *€sb (fi^r in mtt knUHlie luham] if thti/ 
harrn't auf/ Lr^ad ; ma b£ntMb U bfo^Uc hA,>r<k ('<>■' i"^ fi^b bAu^ 
11 b^tiiLk) tliprc in tiiirhi7^(i ^r/irrm f ^ ; mii JkuiJiuiftNb kiib&r (fur 
Luiuiittt LrjuHb kn^iAr) thfy are nut lanjv ; m^ 'iliiilhb li* innu I'ft)^ 
/ hiive no kntnelfifiys ihut htJ hat gotw ; Bja hiLdilidh gib; mu 

' Ya Ujib ifl mor« ciften used Ibiui balCAni. Tara ia the 2tid 
p«T8, tirjg. hor. nf tbe verb t^'iv. (See g 189.) 

3 A£ /jt; iti Grevk^ ne in Lbtio, nvj ncm, no in tbe Romance 
]ajiguDgoi». 



208 



THE SPOKE?^ ARABTC OF EGYPT 



ikin^f. Tbo sign is eomotimi?* fttteched w the |irineipal Tivb, 
iuirboii'l of to the ftusiiiwy, wbeo there is a *tr™» on tti« 
former, u» kAti nift hiyrikulMh^ (fnr ma bnnBh^ biyikvil) A« frrunol 

^534- Mft is not infrt'qinfiJth- orail1*d, «*apnotaJ|y in in- 
tW'miiiliive grntt^nct^a^ nhere »d nJEroialire answer is ^jipwtoH 
or »tsioTiishmpi:»t irupliM at the 9]risr«h^fi of fiomt^tlking, ua 
tuit'nkftha fulQai hni'^ri't yff*j.amj'ir\<ntif'li7 IaU^Ik^ ikhwa f hat* yctt^ 
na hrotfters ? kuntiah litiiiftk f ttvi-en'i '/••!* tJorr^ t k>Uftkabe 1 blje» 
dl? dim't ffoiu rmnemher thin viattfrf mA'akshe vala ktiAnuM 
Hilgh ? ha^'T'i't f/ou gi^ men flea puutres t Xta. kiititiah diifi^'t luUi 
iLbBun it i^'ifd hai^ fvm tetter if you fiad t^A paid ; mn "rufalitf 
k^n maU|£A'l vuIIa kuutibc / \iun't htoto lehefhrr ke u\M frtrfvrtl vF 
wjt (bkib vsv mu^ lit^re aIao sny wu lA kiuish**) ; tkill fttUib m* 
f^tp^a fAiji itf fAM ^-^'jnon v^fir/ I duin't rjtm« (tri h^niii thfi doalil^ 
ma» but odi sabAb mit xnit ^^Uh will Aoin«tini»s be beard). 

£ 535, Mil is ufli'd without «A , — 

(a) WLere lL is supfhjrt^, aa it» wore, b^ [ujothw irari 
or other words iu tbe leiitonue, whJcb lUtbudr no strongly 
emphosue tbfl np^tive ootton tbal tb^^ th in intuitit'ely 
ilropp«U H4 nuiierlluoua, n? wh llAlii anu mn n'raf i/jf f/rxi (>m 
n?7-y irnth) t h'jtfiff Hot ;' *aiiir[ ma ^hiiftii ; wit 11a nn ( a Ulh Alu) 
Tniitl fuLim kalmiak of a tmfh i dn ^sot nnfirryra/id yonr woar^t. 
It is not timiaiiali hottCY^T, where no piutii^uUr ftrorid is Jikil on 
tbi!i stj^i:<u^Lbi*Miii^ wr>|-J, U) wld liiQ ^, KA wa l]Abk JUK 'iufab« 

{^) iu eiupbiLtic wi&hc^H (bnt Dptionnlly), ilh AtlAh ti\i\ 
vi^riwtA (ur jihi'imajlah) iDiiinak m-tfj Ohd n<A dtfu-it.f ti4 

(«•) Tn tbft *jprMsion* ma Hriah ilia, ma hn^^ ilia, ma jith'nr 
illn hffii-in'f Kfifnf frhi*r*' h* u'tu, h* hadn't time to imlt rann'i fmfo^^ 
• . , , iiffpd with rt^fprnurc t^ a P4iciJ<*ii event. Th*! w>|>ulatiT« 
tn la oftiitL iiinvrliAil iiil-hKr brfotn ch- aXt^t lll^ aa imv anii'iif jllft 
(orwo ilia) wiiiM ^^fu Mu ti gdbT nsiIHffniy I ffit fnin on* pul 
hi* hand in tny pofh-i ; ul4 br^^^t illaU ( *= iJLa wu) vcllii'J Cikinhuni 
tu^ti" (I *Eu^1>l^a we harub / tt^i/u't ft"ig to lovk luuW A^orvcw 
o/ ifi*^i rtfT/tnjr into /t nirrmjif ttmt m/uf" i^ff. 

(ti) ^V'll»n usot\ fnr U in thA neowi of ff/-»fA^, anri fotlnmdin 
jUhiithor dtti^ft by walib nf/Tt h9 nm kaltimtn wnla nhnftu / nrUKfr 

I Tbv omiaaioii of the wh here may also bt? data tfi tiM 

CivvaloTili imUr^ii Oiat th^ Koraniti^ nr ul ItHis.t the Nubvy> ahuulil 
tuut^tvil ai a Bvhttfuot- xtt u ri>lt^ou9 turn. 



NEOATJVE 8ENTENTES 



S0»- 



jr/vike to hivt lun- rttw h'm ; ^tat, iiui itaral^lH «»tu ailanilFl Intrither 
ttfrufk n-rr iffui Htnirt. : buh l\\a iniTtix wMI oft^D be vised, eHpeolHlly 

ur othr<r8, /ii^ AEtA iii'i iJaiiibtllAb wnia btiwa doittbixf i <fi<^ 'tot 
ttrikf hiut. nvr did h" Mrik*' 'lie. 

{e) In i»om« phniM>a of a rolifEiotui turn, titvl tnitttly hi 
proTcrbuil OKproaaionfl, iia da n^u yikhuiliLifn! min AJIjUi tfiat tPiH 
HtU Kivf riif /n/!fi {thr. Wfufft. "f) ihtl, i.e. it in af}Gtw*t tui/ rojiecinict ; 

Ifl lal kiisfiru nm kAinr, il fHUii^ni M/'irOi^ hrt'^ikijutjlfi'* fiviJfi h* 
tt/y pTtttii.iy : [a eL£ illi in-A lub hJifiL* tin'r^ in mtt/ittt/j tetth'^nt n uv- 

(/) OoivitdQiuUlj' ill other ^xpivsaiotis where illn follow^ iit 
tlie eflliae of t^j-r^jit or, cumbuie'l vritli uiu, in tht* pour? of '.iri/y, 
08 LDiL miL 'Mibik 11 fulftti ifln litmma tAullinmi 1 kimlnrdlii / 
tvftn't '/trf i/ini ffi-' jyionct/ till yon iifipil tiji- ihe bUl ; mm ma ruEilL 
lu ilLu n^'jLm wuhJik / iWy ii<i<?7i/ fr^ him oif.e ; xa\ hih'jlI ilE^i 
'mikiiEii irr it^A" i/fl^y af^mf if*ia (i.e. i/JiF/ thmmftti are itnlif of fi"u)- 
lif^i'c a^iin ^A Ririj' be iirl'le'i if niuob ritr^^KH in laid on ther]?tiuil. 

g fiati, A>j'/j*r , . , H'lr a™ ninri* ^tiipra-lly *iprf Piiftd hy li , _ , 
wuJft, aud i<A id raroty ik<litf*d in tbi* firiEt I'luu^ 4r»i[ uan^dlj cjxnitt4<d 
ill tlie sec<?iid, ^ la ImjStii vijilii Jauwurl* 'alflh / liatirn't. fovml it, 
tfrr iti<t / ii'tih/iir if ; U iliikhni vain Icbniitg, i-«- tf /jfU tf'tfiinff to 
4o ifHth a : Irk tihiift ir rA^l wolih ahdft AkbAh J drdnt am /Am md^t 
lu/f did I fie tiii* hythet ; lu laqu 1 bitit wata ]aq& *niuinib»; U 
idiitftE^^ih wjiljL Uiilliintrisb (or la nbuftu wulu kuUItiin^) / urtthr 
Mftyt him Bor npnhp to fiim ; khikdii fuli^^l Wiil:!. khMli'i ll.qb hAtrib f/Mff 
/o-jfr jt'f/ Pionor/ and krt me* fiolhintj ; vala fifih Wi'ikid j:h*ii'Tift wn- ik 
iftmn *iuy iMndfg w; waU hisL iiLoAaUn nkhtt lUfi- if nhf, fur 
iTumj^f, Ti'i/ mMt0r. Wlmi'^ uuIa i» etiiiiiitlL^iit Co Ui« Cnglfbli 
tnithotit vh should W uddod, a£ yisbmb wiiln yiikulsb ^j* tmtt 
tfiiho'd lirtJihrt'/, kb*ultB mimil nu^ae piTn^b vjila ruddOtflab, 

S Bit". Suiiii'tiiu^fl mA i?^ ussd jdizonjijitii-ftlly after wilU^ and 
in tihi^ i^HXii t'liK h// F^iould hilt io omitth^d, h» tiiu kiLnc^^h 
ai*Tufhiim wjila hummn it»ji yi'mfftn/ifih w^ /h'hi't ht"<f ihent, nvr 
itui Ih^j hiJiii' Uri ; inn 'ftndlsh iiiMt wnU moiyn ma fii^b I htrv n'l 
tritu, tun- hiiitf f i-trn nit*i teotfi- . kbndu fuluta Wain lUft khnlli lidb 
1[l/L|Cil ; wiiIh qiil firth hAiMit frlifinm. 

% fi3!*, MA luiij b^ pliLcud H<>fnvi- a pronoLin, tho *iutTj*»pt of 
tb« eubfltinitivi.' yt*r-b, wht*lhi*r i.iA|>r<?!Wod or under^tuxl. a^ miiHli 
( = miL buwd^h) kft[b hiiiAf v^j^jV ^-^ ArfV f uia iiti^ ifldlV aj-^ 
5f"rt nnt tnftiTujf \fii hftii (or ktinf^l ma T^itub niyliA »/ yfrn {f.) 
fir** trol ^vintj. Sfjnioiitnoa tb& pronoun U repeate-l, aa tu kiirt 

^ 5311. MuHti (mi*li), as wo huv« eoen, lb iit^ed fut Jill j*etiilHiii 
und r.uiiiber:!!, ftnd nmj bo fiillowwl by ull tonHP*, In iiitonogiji- 



500 



THE KPOKES ARABIC OP EGYPT 



tive sputencee it invariiibly ulIIb foj' &u ^iOti-uiHlivf ADSirpr, M 
miiSih kimtB fi Wtu inl«iri|i ? trvreii'l yifit (i.e. m-rWy yr*jt vvv) «/ 

fJif HHM r-K UL /A-? 'orf / 

S 540. Whiru I'olLoweJ hy d vej'b iiegativiMl l»y mi h must be 

niQsh &II& ma miAhitsh — mishit nU /Jmt J didri't i/f* — / r^m^ 

Remark. — MA . . . «h &re ociMsiifDiUl; ust^l witli ihe verb it- 
pelf whi^u niiL^h woulil hv moib I'tyuW. as Iiiiwa munitifLlji? juintc| 
WW mUIcflb daru-bflh fl fifuf luA fhnt if iri-jiJ tu tiffol tui*l iriiM rnu*}ht 
ari/i bi>titffn. Witb ihv uorist it mav s^rvv to expron? nit eiriplikttc 
c^omujAiid cir p^lyel^ il4 nrnfiL ti^kut ! n-<m't y^Ki Ir- ijuirf / niunli 
tiHallifiii wiJiL kbamHU shgh ! UY^i't ^lu frm^ tue F.iufi jii'r jiiivtrrg / 
inn&h tiftAli li 1 bAbS or* j^^'-'tj nijf tj"ii"j to i'}>£tt Ifif dinff jur v*«t 

HEMAHtL. — Ml 13 apparently p!<yjiiftfltic iji ftuch a phrase nA 
kef iiLhiUJi min WTtqtc nm mn aUuf Lat*h Af?j*i W>? j/^u ^trw At^v 
/ «aw ymi {iltjiuitt t/ui^ jit lie r^ui ai mi) 't \mt th» iiW 13 ifunni^ ait 
the timfi thai I Aurv nof trrn ^nu. In the (■xpreft'ion nilciir iiinii 
ma ^tiilfQflJk ht d^nitdlhat Ji« #i«r him, liuth i^o^tivo piirticl^o lov 

gd4l. LA, ubleaa pr»<fid^ b^ the ctimHtianal pnrliole ]^ 
mrelv efjirnie in the BpokeD Linpyago before jl Doun With L*Ilip(W 
of tbe HubfltginttTu vorb» escejit in eipreflrtione l»nrl'ow«Kl frrun 
tiiQ Kiir^i»r iia U ili^ha illu lUb /Tierfi in wj ijint but G'fl, im n fi*« 
jjTOV^bfj, iinH in r.ha ejpre*iioa li bn^lrlH min (or 'mil Irt- /A#*f 
M ni emipc frot/i^ elb U bu<l<le tnilx motu ^^f THuri it'ir^it die ; ]ft 
bu<Me min iuni JVilb / mv*t 'in. LA ir^ 0r>Diotim<^ usM n« mi, 
iLbove, with thp wniiit tir t'Apr<<t(H ii wmb. lut AIIllIi U yi'Afib \i*tttj 
r>W rittf f/i>i'- i/'Jh tipitlffi, HEiil (woufiiiiiirilly ^itb Uil« pnst t«iiw 
vi'bfir; |ir«(Tf^Ied by tho cuiiditLuiial in. ud Ll III { — ui in) tim olm' 
Allab f^ Ovtf. iriii rv't. In ihv 4'uiiiT>uiiuil t.i?]iBi«» tbp auxiliury 
Jnny ritJDiiiij ]ii.>sirivH iiiirl tin* tn-L^jitivr bi itppHuith<<J r<i t-1i<^ priiL' 
cipnl vi^rii, ]4« kiinnd hih Lbjiiikf^iirl&U. TbU luMa. p^thjipb, vtvld* 
noHU t" tb4> n<%Nit.ii>ii, S** kjiTi tiiiL finb 'i^inb ;Acr«r -fiiji vi /tnavi 
(f(ir ma kiiimlL" fj 'faljt.ltl/,im rii'i liUilJi^b ^ib '"itui^ cnu /mfmimw ' 

§ 542^ Tlir* vrrHt kbulLt ^iTitKiirteri jmnhi-n oil tbf* nrpiUvA 
whloh would be iiior^ lo^'iuttllv ftttJieh&l U' it tiiUi to Urn ^tfuJl- 
Jyuiff verb, uB aixi* Iduiilftu nin nvhah 7 (U'ln't M htm *jii (fur hm 
kluLU^tibih ynrOh), witb uo iip[iitH-id.bl« lUlTeruuco ot tnmi\itti^. 

g 54^, Tb^ vi^rb following rjidir ^ a't/e, fan, nmy Ukt* Uh> 



^ TbU iff iavu-Ulity tliv (y^DntnioticfU with liUim and woftU 
(if flimUiu- imparl furjiiiu^ wltV Uiu verb iha put t«tiw uf Uio 



VERBS TRANSITIVK AND KTRAKSrm'E 301 



I 



nn^tiv*, II* niqilor nm nia'Alnksb m oi^ aUe itot to attk j/ou, Lo. 
tf»j are nof /"itu<i f" ra-A: 'j<ju. 

J^ fi4 L Mil fisb i^ txs'Jisioiiolly uswJ nn tlie ue^utive of jekflu, 
or KViiu kAL», hilt iu tbia riuifl it ia Uhu:hl1y Friiniv^UiiTp tiO u, niu, 
ifijiM fflan, aa ish nburill ma ftsh ditrb vih^l mmoak fhe f'wtfittoitn 
ftrv, H/t htows ("fl ^ou'' ;'3rf ,' ia fiA'a mA Rflb orWn it if not tf^t/imr ; 
\\ inre&fa mA bfiubum nja ff^b ipttrda Mf ■^^l'7^-e ffiipctn tk/t'it in 

iiut Irnt mftTt'M (111. h* ^v f/*^? iti>fawif t'rttcf'n tfiriu, fAfKi* U^ff not tint 

trutre^ ; nineli arLa'n, muhh DiitrfiE^ WciuM Lot Lvoua»Lrilv iiuj^Ly 
thiiA the tirim — imiulior — vsts \v«it}i kultu^ i^lrtiu mu* '^eb bdbtv 
JLJU fuL £ibda uf of? rft'ifte teith //lei'tl. itiilif, hv buHrt^ It boa lJii* 
furi't nf JL uuiin in tibi« e^-ditifiioti qitr^bj I liAL 'itln m^ ffbli (c>r 
'ftlft I hnwu), i-e, ii*ithinil ita fiaein'j itn^/fhin-r t'l h'lltt ti. 

J 5L5, Tbo nu^utkvo piittu-le Ijini of iLf; vritton liLU^ui\|>e is 
Aouieucui^a euipluvoJ by tlie liiwur olu^aefi in tb« desii'9 to [sl«s ikh 
HftucjibMil. but tiTwiiy^ witb the« pa«t tetia^^ m iuui lihiiftu valit 
rik'fitUp vxi<ppt whptL jirm^udtid by tbe (&ltfu ffdw.'txt&i} vt^n^itioxujX 
piU'ticlu iz, tiiid UL liiD tft|ii^4.'ddioii lum yiuitU 

TERES IRANSITITE AND mxHANSlTlTE 

S 546, Many verbn ure used as in Eugli^b. aomuUiJii^a transi- 
tively, ncmetLiDCti latjausitively or n.^JE^'tivtily, an ■Itu'ub 11 gaiat 
hf mmt tlifi belt. W guinx ^arab thetif!' rawj ^ aLuLhibi fie hui-ited 
hijTi, ihahhiX A« fiun-ied ; c^adiJiruu liiiui 'ilihI; ifytriy fiim /cfnaarit 
it} rue, qjuMim k;imiD abuwuira c^'irtti a tiitie finfhrf foncard ; 
ii^bi' iikdAniJik tftltit off yiir ctnlhtJf. q^Ja'Ab ifierj i^ityprtt hivi, 
iiaIil* ff»i iiLzil d I ([Cjivu 'fd ntrif'fteit nud riwitt irifit thf wuh-r ; iAA 
ii^ntit htf iurrtniuei hU /liiff, ^1 lu t^U ttte l*!ih rf'^e; tamnjft inh 
jifiiiAfblib / At^rr finuUf^'i th- jol, ttuaniit ieb ahuniblA tJif^ Jiib in 
jttu/iftttt : kbulit^t \ih flbu^bl / hutt i^mtptftr^i Ou 'r"rK\ kbulu^ iah 
ibnglil tht wrk in tomiifefe'I ^ ItbU liidiliiiiii (ui' libiK) A^- drifted ; 
^hiiiyiLr (ur i^biLiyur Lidilmu) A*- etifta^jed; tiurriLb il bn^jLu £i<tn;^ 
f Afl W-stf nev*r, qatrib li t tJilllwar ' fuy^*o tikftn to Mt ^wi'tfl^tfraJ ; 
yiduiiqu (nurFiiibuTii) ftiei/ tattn' {thtmnrdvt^y^ bu^(Alt id dukbkliilii 
/ h'li'v 'jii'r.'ti itfi tuuJitJt'j, W \i\'AAtViJi-M Tnit^it the "''JnfA h'jif 
hofuiarf: ^huAol hit n/^nJu^i hivn'Hf. ^biuui] Iddii, biib'tmii, ^c-; 
t(idil il qiz^/ji. *k\i\ i.e. }nd thiirnif. in, the ItiIUv, »jm t<;Hli|tt liidJllu 
/ ttfi/c till j'/aivj (jfltni tlip far/uiiif } ; mbn^flh bi 1 hubl th-ij tteil 
hiin ipith a r"['V, biddf lu-biil (#^. i] q<*il) waiyih / ««T»f irr foiui* 
U' l&-rnd tJTtlh /ittHf i] iMibi^r I'lLtm^ th-i fftyat rn'foiyd ; ifibUk^hivL il 



* TiVttoir. 



809 



THE SPOKES ARABIC OF EGYPT 



urrrJtvd aii dajj ,- kluulQ ImSI (<ir kluull^ muvjtlioEti) ^^^ fool thcn^ 
ffhus vff; qjifal, fnt^ilj, iU ^lukkuQ Ac rit/nf-d, vftfiit^i^ t}m vJufpt k^ii 
qifil, fitiL imbarilj h&i} e, /ij* kAo/*, »^tf.) wJif clofteti. up/m. i/^'ttenltiji, 
iqM or qiUQl (ric. Lftnakfik) //a yuf^i^ ^* nftnl b^'/" jUhrab mbii 
/iS drinka iMftC, jiabrftb A< drinh' ; itfudiiai prjiy fm/^b in, 
^f^, itfailildJ ^(^th, kur^t ^vTt// /fiAr *rjr;rf- iiit^itl^ a fhaiT ; 'anul 
ft^ra*h, raiivit Ac prr-ffn'tn'f tv U •//■a/, (ftvwi; knu h/ilil or 
ii&aib (tfC khiJalm, 4:i?,) wu s,\i^i J^ fr/£« fJMn^ hit ft-Htf jt/iIUtvi 
up. hfre, hat h<M fiwt 'i'^'-ii'iffn"/. buv* h^W he Imi^ b^ajnic mfini 
[ftmii M Oiff); kar viiuaU yBuiicM (^r. liglu) /*^ Khifni tnu, 
unik&i /*tit i sidliru niif^u ami taiWim he mit-rsn^frnv't htm^^^ 
tnrrciidered. 

Rbmakk a.^In tlto cxpir^atuon^ i^jn ItAinAd&D, aktd (or 6tur) 
RamuItU the/nntoii i^ui-i w[^ (A'T^') Hamfuinn^ hr fJi/ ihi-rirm liatiiaiUin, 
ths noun m&y b^ r«gu.nl4^ lu ud &04.ai8atlv« of htiiiEjition.^ 

KcH^DU &.— TIlo iuipetntiviAe i^Jjt' and in^il un* ul'tt^n usivl, 
wbdiL Uiti objdut ia liuI v£jir«!iE«d, fur tho dMivml fijima ^oUa', 

^ 547- Soma xi-th^ gci^&ru their object eitber iliiectly or 
indirectly, i.€. by uj^uu£ of uu ini^-vouiu^ prepoaLtLi>[it iLtt id lEnwu 
liufLi*uf (ur lufu' li) //j(^ lueiitriJier ^'^f/tArJ iau, \^p\\i^\t.t\lu^ I 
tiutrrttd h^, i^^Auwixte biha 7 mu vmrneii In iter; iliki II bl J 
IjtkJlja (or il ^Jtl^Ui) UU jrm thfi sU/ry, bu^iwJQ (ur jsugod lu) Ait 
iwrehipp^ him ; lobag *ft^f Ii (ar liihu^u) Ae E:/riMiJ«i^ Aim . kftbiLqtij 
I mized him. kabut 'itlfib iu uum «ioe/> rvverraiw /[m< ; ^iUJmut 
(Tnora usual tUi^ri yibioi h) kur«J_V4}» t 'cant two rAntVn (Ut^ fw 
r'/iwVj d'v n/^j^tfof'v 'tJ rvu^. s<j iiLtiiuni ^u^hbiviL, &i7-); biina ^finuu 

jtkiiin 'a]<Ui ^le atiw/yvl him; iiliiru auJ »liAi 'al^li hf rauns^imi 

Reaiask a. — lu iMiua tuia^ Ui& pri^pogition ma^ be reg«rd«d 

»d pnrl uE tb^ vc\'b, u^ ljj Eji^li^tU Ur lo/f fiir hf^vi^ itr^ 

iff [nPAnin^r uh EiiLiliibii /if aalint /nm ,' uii^Kih lu A^ eattfi to Ai-m ; 
ffttt) h9 irfi hti». jKUfi^l him. flit 'ulk3b Af jm^ited i/^ fiitp, f^id jhtM 
1) t^ui' ; ludiifu^u bciifri'c it^ iiEyldkLq bi £«/itiL'e in.''' kUiiluff lah 
^Wl^jjj I ha*v jiuixii'yl tJtt tcorkf kh\i\Wf^ rum i»h ahu^hl / 

utijectt oJwttjs n^iutin Uii* Li*lj» uf & |>jv^^iliuu Uiovufj'lvlu Unair 
1 Unlaw bheiti9 ejcprtw^iutm an* oftoF Uw uudogy of 'unvl 
1 J3ut lUwa^'fl Autdft^u uf » poTNB. 



Tt-:itItS TEANSrnVK AND INTttANSmVE 3011 
a«tiua, ua khOf tniu to fear ; hixik H to hhHM : thrJae{ 'jvIa t& pitf/ ; 

^511), Verba expciiariivv of motion arc aomoti m«fl r^ptrdod ilb 
U-anmtiv^ti, ftnd UiJcl! u ilirect vliject* an i-iilite Let ubi^k / irttU tv 
li/mr/iifher'i' hini/'c , giul yuHtb jiillL Lundiini I fmrc if^'/^ii^ n 

wjfcdiUljum it tujijji i't/ift Usrm (li fhe puiics f/idir^t . uiul i] balad 
/rf ?i(aff jy<'t/f ^<' Ivini ; nuiifltilm, J m^lju / thrfta A'T i-niv thu wa£9T ; 

1 gihwAbf L<i. / Aat't' r-^^irW f/ur tutlcr ; da tuiL yi|^i rjitniui nhUtl 
/Afif diJtun'i i-\jme tu the j/vHc i'/ ( ^tcvJi'l '}'<t'j /ut^ fA* fOfferufK h 
qitVinj Aff rofi ti/,fffr him ^ mi with rnitsativH vtirhs: ragga'n 
iDntrnlj^ t/ike it bfP'li t/) iJir jtiofV : utuqqiL'tu 1 urd / /Ar^i" Ai^it f/n 
the ffrouiid ; Wajgulitu 1 l*C't ji^fi ffcw /n'n* fionia. Wo n»o\ lUeo •»> 
ruhte ^uJa bOt ubl^k, tl^htkl ^ilwA 1 bji. nuQuJ ii guiv^bt qtiXur 
VJiL-lli, itL\, iLnd iint^ tbit Uie prepiMition genei-^ly interv&n^ft 
b'U^D tli« object la tbn gt^tuod ur tliii'd pertroua] pronoan ; thuH 

tu ruhtjik, vi^Ihv vi*ri\]iu» aj-uhbiiiu. 

Re)i\rh,— Tig( U aJmoHti iuT&rijiMy iitmrl for fu'ilA vhen 
<biJ objocc (dir-'i^t or initiroot) ia a porsouuL pt-ommn ; tburi we wny 
Tif^nli Dot ta'&liiiE. Thu ohoi^aed futui ta*ft l-lu, utirJer tw 

^ 350' Vei-b^ of I'l^bt fix'e Hometiiue^ foUa«Ed dirw^Jv by i\i» 
fiftce aa thf object, u* biiwu qa^nd lijiili dLahieu /« rcwiw/ii*/ 
full! nuifith^ III Pmie ; ada fidilt« caaliulli / r^i'Vit'ieii in tifj ptacm^ 

§ 5C1 . Vt*rift* ileiiOliEig t't ^itft, fertfl^ •ffln'^t\ tiefnit:^ ot\ atrip. 
li-aM i'J\ oftH*n gov#rn tht* indirtvt objotrt ^lireotl^f'^ jib iddi't il 
vilIiuJ kilAbti / jaif tha ^n/^j kit bcfth' : iddhiS qereb^n ; Biillifuf (or 
stxUif 11) ^'ini^'b hud aw a p^mrvi ; WLlliiDU 1 bftbbtL il guwah iA«jy 
itfiHtmnt tJtt\ Irdltrr £a thr. jutntm ; AlUh uui \ibritiiiilSab ivilddfiH 
(or Tuiti wUiiuJiia) Gcd U'rtft'Y u* not o/ mtr dtikiryn ; W ^hiim. dib 
vibiUtBluiii U u^u tkig tiHjftnij dtyryictt4 wb of ttUep , ijiiW'flb 
biiluiuu tfirtf tUuf'pvi hint ff Aim cloth^-* .~ AJlaliumm^ ktinu ^u' 
O Om^ fj»?rW thf f^nl jriir/i ia; Lut in ordyr that tin* iuilirert 
(ibj«4ct amy Btuod nlon^ (i\^. witbout a. (ir^isLtioti J. it muMt 
iinincdiutoly fi>Ui>u tbo Vorb, or nt Ini^t t^i^ bt' pivct^Jc<l by tbc 
divwt object. 



^ See further, under propositi ouh. 
^ So ihd^r flxdabbAk yccid. 



30i 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



§ <'i02- TK^ ilircn't objfwt in itcitiiH.iinPB i}fiis\X tar Llie livlil 
ua in EnglULf wh<^ii it it) il peiAacuLl prouoiin^ il9 qiu-blui 1 giki 
(for quiu ihji) /'<.- /co-f Afj* fAi? Uticr . itilitirtat kitdl> (For ulitirt 11} 
/''i^ ^74'- u b'KiJc ; Eduwti.lujiii hibie uliuioi' uii? aJ'ieii tinne rod trtk to 
it: «li ^iiiuliu. Mhiiglil (^ 5574); ao wnlU^Dt r/jrv nia a iiffht, but 
walliL* li hfldi^Ui ynv fAff ^f/4/^<<iij ft ttffhi. 

% 553^ In ttdilition to tbe^ unbovet th& Foi1o\riii|; rorbe toAy 
tinkp a double ubjei:t witliuLJt the aid of a. preposiliou < — 

{/j) CaUAJitive vwlw, wimtlier iu fonii or [nt^iiuing only, pro. 
\id£nl thitt iu the finiuvj^ i^EiAi* t)i« pi'iniitiVd verb jiuLy Imv^ » 
thm^ IU itri itiiiivt objuct (f&T. rL'i). ua iviu-riitu ' J iQih^wu / iet him 
tef {stufiLrU him) ifig p^nKi'i/e ; ijEhlbi' il WJtUd \n'\(ini\x fir titttdt the 
ttijy takr f^ tiifi ''tofh''* : nJiJimib hiotik. id dnu'A rj|li miiku ymT 

ike bteKt-i intii t'W ; rukkih il fii^*o dnhub f'l Ihv ohtus in i/tJ^i; 
'ikllin^ ii Mutjkil i] lu^liu li/i iituijfd ttm fi-iij tlif luni/uiii/f ; i|]i1)1iiuttLi 
i mnlilit^h hfi Jet iiie i^yirt {jiatii m^) ihtt auyount ; fjikkuritu I 
luju'alA siif ri'uitudcd ki/n <tf the triaitrr ; dnktikhiJ i* lUixdQt) U 
m&kJmui jj»f Ihf brjx inMite the ccUur ; laqliil muiyft, quh^VA yirt 
rue nitrne iriitei'^ ritjl*'': tii drinks 

^ 551. LVi^ix»itio]jA ore tiot iDfroqneritlj iitH^rti^l. ua ibumb 
Ui dawn, ilth \i }>i(it^k.' d.ildikhul is ssudikq li t laukliEAOt WKkkilu 
li ] huEkiiii •jiie it to (he hoitf; to cat. 

{f/) VnrWtt itigtiifyiQ^ io maliy^ rinirir, tifi/ftiitti. Jh'l^ Kjffjt^, **, 
ihitikj /f'l, *«?,, as 'JLnml \\ bi- Ihi^Lrt he ju/utc iltF h"*/ a ptuita i 

'AiyifLU t hdtlia qrVlt tht:(i mofU Ui^ 'iinior uJuJ-te ; uim ba*Jfj ma 
qjiUitU 1iu]i*^tu ^IkD^u ich^n i ftivl kitiff( hiin J /oand him Uv tK\ 
my tatjthar ,-'* hiHnniiL jji'rnfCik rigil laiyib* tfi^y titivtr jfOit (to htj 
a yood mai : bithaiW harAiul / /-thA him /"r a thv-f. 

Heuailk-— In the t^We itJbUucea die avcoud object U ft 
preiii<*nt»T *u-<umtive, 

('■) Vvrt>^ deULiting tft Jill, Jic, and uthan urhoHo utlon i» 
]ui]it«<l by iKrt notiTi Jiad wtn^ro tim ^iTL^fhrdition ^iih i^ UHil ta 
fijigliali, aa tuiJ^t ^ U kCz laujyii (iHt but lv«d tj^iuilky, bi moijA^ 

' Or wai-r/'t Iu, 

> Notico th<< ittv&r«icjD of tK^ oi^l^^ We cJicuId not fttjp 
whaj-rob il iitoi^a 1 bint. 

' Ann iLi^irtii, Hlinftii, ImliAOni, rAh tl lubil (g 414}, suit id- 
aUhiki.'i.tA "I iK'' >4j,tuo voiJHtruotioa, otd^ ui tbi« cjlw tliu vrcoikd 

« bo [iw > ' . 



VKHBS TEANSrrrVE AND JNTR^VNSinVE 305 



t filed ific mu'j teith icaier; *&( riglu tfn he he^meand hi^Joot 
teith i'twl ; JiLTJib il Wt hdyn. A« J'a'nl'^l tli^ hm«n. 

RtoiARE n.^We migbt rpgorii tha objects iticlud^ onddr 
thie b*iading && iqotp coroplenieaM attached to tbe verb, but 
bbe^r take the sign of the Accusative in lit«iury Arabic, oa iu 

Rehahk h. — Notice th^ eaptcsfiion r^dt timla mcaya (or 
fiituply timijl) ^le v^ant to draur wai^r. 

{dj Vorba irbich are followed hj a aonn of kindred aignifi- 
uitJoii, t\M Aii-culi&il co^iiJL^ti accuAativQ or intc-ixihl ubjc^L^rp^ ufteii 
the inlimtiv^ of ih& mrb itself (§ '^^iO), or qt\& vhich litnits tha 
extout of their uotioD, ils ficjnb U walod riorbit^n, *hJqa, uabbut^, 
khuraniiji^, ^a«ujt£a t&lila, kaS, k^fi^a ha eiittrk the b-ry tm^ 
Uoart, fftiLV hivi ti thTanhing, hit him with a naJthdt, para Injii twi' 
or ihr>tf riiU tnth a aini^^ a et-idi^ gave htm a et^, Jto- ; suHik 
nkk^tou Juj prayod iwu ptMhxUiotVt i.e. a ihort pi-a'jef ; ana iiiul 
miisLwlr / a.m <j\/inif <!ii art trr^tvi ; i|]isnjucu r ri^-Mf cjiaaitu u« 
diijided thv hnif into two hali^HB; kliarnrot il jaiu-iiui kburm^n / 
bOf«d itifr Aofrie in tJui filcmk ; isbugh ii t tdb ful>gha kwaiyifut 
dyt this 'freee/or ma ni^y (lit. a nkc dtfong); naiMuflut. imdMii 
tUTiba. ; qA"adhiuu *ak banC^ka qu'ud il tftkia&i itmie (item sit i^ 
bgnches wi }U'hofj!l'i'i/t s\t ; ghjLl^t il moijtL ^hiJyit.Ou (or gliiUwit^u) 
/ ljtrilt!ti tfui nxiicf lines: il ha^jln (^bbi^ ^bbi tilidtd t/i€ )ufne 
vtumfiUd iradltj : id'iib ri^lu d^k^ku kunaijid (or dn'kni kuviu^isa) 
Ifive hit t£ij tt ifiKfl ruiihiri'j , it (ubbuklu^ oauvit d kbarbbt^f uu^c 
siwtt baas the cook has only hat/eooAfi the art, haket; istiqamna 
hecAk ietiqiima kbSra v>e v\oJit tt tvng r^a^j Qnfn. 

REidAJEiv. — lb will be aeen tiat tbe qouil of uoiljifl gcnernlly 
Ufled in autb f^iirt^r^HiouH- WJii-ii oLherwiAu, thb uliuii ^umiiully 
flBTVBB mortj to irttvrtsify Ihe meamng,' ua raro^tu raiuy, mugh 
doqq^tu bttAS / ikf^ns him down, I didn't oaltf pu^ Mm ; aoiua* 
fioai* t hear only. 

g 553. Ill the jHHHive CfiiLStriictioii tha object wbicb JcHiS EUjt 
t>PCDnn> tha aubjiwt rtioftms att^urUvd to the verb or partit'iiilf 
Hi in li^n^jJiFibi as yii-itllimn 1 ata^LkA ih' >/ (trs i>fu<jiU mtmic^ 
II ki^^au itiiJiAlit moiju th' Kiwi/s uftr^ jif/td mth v;a£rr ; riglu kikiit 
iitit*A4u. tiu U\tft"ti fixiM bt'.'nnntjtrfd *rifh itijul ; il \'lt madrllb bFiya^ 

1^ r>56- Aoi ndjectiva oi tbe natui-G of a purtipijjla iiiuy &I30 bft 
qUjUillu-t bv u x'i^i-LmU fiouu as an iiccug^Ltire uF £p<HJilIi:]itii>ii, \l6 kun 
'iu>iiii *di\jL sbdid Ac iptM tjccedijifitti ill ; euikiiiii eokiu lu^IIaI u'' 
drun^ aa a torJ ; en m&ljTiD iimlw iuim/ul. 

g Q&T. Thts verbal noun may, like tb» v^b itielf, pass it^ 

' A4 IB 00 ooQuaou iu Hebirew. 



SOS 



THK SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGVPT 



Aotaon CEL to linothor Donn as it« object, ha qablo dukEmlnft I biit 
ft^ffft our trttfi'irt'j (hrj hcune ; vaqUr rukubbuiii kljrJhuui (d tJtf 

mOTVtiL il kaj-iik&ii refcntihtxUr"! ijt better theiJi ^fit\'t to tfuf potift 
'tatioft i ch fiubub iloi-bubtitn *iiuimiLk1 ^W 19 the TfOMm of 
their Ivatin^i joar uiir/r } aliuj'b il liu^ki i] mnbu ilv It/n tf\ ttrinl' 

Krhaiek a — -Wh^n tba »lijiJct ia ft persoual pronoun tKU cwn- 
r^Unctifiu bocoiat<n unpnasiMn, itn4 a prfpoaition lurtMt int^Tvctiet 
nA qumte Q £!ic)i[tr.ba ill Ihn I fjinrnQ up uu har pvuiiinij fur in thtB 
tioy ; bi ftUjHb IjiiUm fiba fitj rmton of hU lort/orhfT, Furthnr, 
0. |jrepoBitioQ geneitUly ^'pajntps a ponitivo from iho objvct tf 
tbo lAttsr is a noun, at* pbiirb i[ liupan fi 1 mon'a. 

Rbmai{k/;. — Iri8nuj4)nipi4'^ trbi^noun folloning n^ny btiri^M^fd 
4H a gonitivo iD6t«uJ of u-n nbject, as nkl il biLlifi^ thr ^ntiw^ o/ 

IMPERSONAL VERUS ANI* VERBS USEh 
IMPERSONALLY 

^ 55?. Oikdijr ihvBo ore incluflo'] : — 

(a) Verbs *mil parLltiples ^vhicfc Iwiv^ li nonU^na* fnr tJivU' 
lubjaul whwtbur uitrcxlntwd l:j u tam junction or not, u mft 
y^bunibv *al£h vj^f, yidajj&* fultis i/ i» ffrf rl /l^A/ thirx'j f\jfhira 
tu epr^ii't nu/net/ . niu jib'iuiaba lanu yi^ i'/ if Tiot inij/r^-lahie that 
Ja v^iUtvme; mu yunkiuahe tvgt loJiL, dijl Kiini'Hbift (or iaui ^hglLtk* 
inriu tn«v Hiiil'Nb) it u iiiijxugiiiie jiir nu tn rtrmt'. tn yt'U, tfwl kt tfitt 
not fi&v : im unruiqtn jibq!^ kuw&iyia Lau r»kddHii if im' xM^ it^ it 
will he tif-II in ftttm tt ; \ukbnjf , J'iti'*''* ^*^ tHubt ti'mil kf>4#7 
I'ji it ufilhtfi fftmr' jHftcGr (O'h'siirhttthtmjf m\\\}Mifn\^he uhmtXivM i:iln- 
nak inimlc nljimlit nkbt^k 1 tUA il nm^r tiaj/fi'it tti'if ffnif Afi'm^J,' yirur 
hrofhcrT |«daf innl rubt il i-hanred Ihitl J id at ; btjiu 'nJtk innok 
'oiyAu it tfi t^t^tr fnirn i/cur tm}K":l that you firf tit ; inn kftUsbt: Iv 
intiD HLTiLii uiriEicllL vniii mill ilAl 1 VMiAa't it (Mt )/] '/ /rirf fAof Af 
-m* ^/Hy /f"/f « /jurij/^^rc^tp-// fRfnl n/inl Ink iTifii m*i<>T / (W^ 
(iil. */ r^-'if-ii yr'^) ^. /t'/^ f/H^'H 1/i'il i HWJ yi";/ "«1J^ ; m. h* 

innok kUiu-jtbt'^ )m'U bi jitn^k m^ iLut^i^'U uuiHT ti"< < ^ 

ytmihfif ifTifi hiitr ruT-j'''/ mr — tffffWjW irvj/ fifr ~t'g yitnr fiiitittmut T 
mubbdr 'nrLTin innu ^EieluI %i im r^jyi/tnt rif hhh thai hf U fitk 

nRH^hH, — Tlu* fii:rW bAn lUiJfl'jb fuiin^tiiiiju* n|ira* In kfinJo^ 
iiD<1 niiniSi*r wiUi Ibfi iibjwt mf thi'fcil lowing! vwii, •■ iiia tbnnfJi* 
'al*'b yidmhhii he ha4 rvt thi tiirtrf to itrikr h^r : irif*aH MiA^ 
^L^fAjLlbimi 1/ i* h^d for cnr J^ j/wuuA /Arm ; ftbff iJLitit "lUJ^jm m 

lIlLThlltibA. 



i-KCDLIAR USES OF PARTICULAH VERBS 307 

(ft) Vopbfl which hove no aubjeot, Ce. pOB^ivo form* of verb* 
wLIcli in ih*^ ActiTct bttve an ijiiiirf^ct objoctH iis i\ 'nrablj'u (liifiit 
'ultih rJif rarri'aifp nm (yverhirrr. iiuMs 'ub'b /^^' r/Y;w rHVi/j^T-r,- Imlcftm 

^/Udjoi Erfi faVi ;' '/illiiii mIh I Wiirii^;i /^tr pijfbr'i fi'f po-fcf^ it'Jillirn 
'ZkLi I wur3K[ii tht jfiif/nf »J'T« f:t'iti':tS ; Icatiib 'uli'L /il.' tf-rtrfv iii 
if, inkufjtb 'ftU'b ^j! «'rw wnttim i»i ; ghUhi, ^himi, *uli'li (frnm 
obfvnl^U' Aotivdfl inoaiiiDg i''' *'oi.vi'. •fafk-fii], if iji'eii' (ifOM TJia'iv) 
ittirk tifi^tmd him, h' /'iwt'-'i ; il ni'iiyn dt iQrU*flb fiha MJrne quc 

Rkuakk. -The ngenb is inlTiMhii^rstl \iy Tnin tir bi, ^l9 niH'nlHiii 

'fjfih UiittDu ti'/N-^i hy Uiw- : bat LHX'JU-iuiislly tt slaitiLs alone, ilk 
iiiiikI^^ -Mh 't\m\t\\n ((»r bi *amblj'ft| run iirr f"t a '-^rrifiije. 

(r) VitI':!^ wLum^ mbji.iot in ujjiltitHtinTil witliuiit ^Ltviiig bc«ii 

Cvifiuslv lunTir-innwl, as TiiAtnrif. (ct' ruiftril) ii T'li/Jt-f ; bptir'ad, 

or imfin 'Alcihiim ii l^) tht^ niffht. Oi-rrfook- them ; kuttitr khorok. 

■Ci AJiAL) fUa^ifi yfiK (lit. jnatj IJr. in/Teusc j/uur pi\iMitrrU\j)\ 
y^Jx^^\l^t., ^^liiV, iD^jil Jibi^k jinif/ (0"'t') proptdejitr ^ov, jtanijtfi yott, 
curgf fjmrfaUu^; da 'auibii abu^liM 

Rkmabe a- — In some <'ii^09, a» in LoLvnit kodci it i^ difficult 
Ui Miipplv lihti ftLibjeiCt. (ScM ^ 4tir.] 

K^tfAnic A-^AllAh Tuny b& omittrd with oae verb nnd e<- 
jirnui^d witli nnother in the sjime eeDteiL4'<>, as kattnr kb^rak 
wi "hiikkjir AlUh fft«il,ik. Knttm' AIl4b khurak 13 cutunJly 
ifiorr' ^niiihnLic \\\ivu katUu^ kliriuk. 

PECULIAR USES OF PARTIOTTLAR. VERBS 

% 559, 'riio virbs lift]' Jiud qjLni lue i:)ft«n pljLi:ed super dintiisly 
before anotl^nr vnt'h, sprt'injj, ila it \if^va. to introd"i[!<3 it- Th** 
forUioT kti joiueil mostly to verbs of Tiiotion, luid in all va^^A 
I'ptftins its rjriginjj fligDiCi'iitJon of iin-nitiH in a cirrh, whliv the 
Utter Ia of niiK-h more ^t>rtnral initet a,m\ \e often besl JefL uq- 
trunilnlrtl or r^nr^ftTfid by fiwa, tfirrf^jtun^ Xc^ It is, tisn nili*, 
immediAtoly folli^wod by the principJ vcrb^ whilo dlLi- m u^uikily 
cotuked^l with itp by tbe copul^itive vn ; f,<f. ijiilti lu ti'^niiJ £b biutf 
■j>LEn rjnl 11 " uiju bAdbuwur itla wAhld " 1 until to hiiiit ^^'hnt nif i/ov 
'toiA^ Jirrv } f\e nai'l fo ni€, "I am lorti-iTfj /or aovtrront ,' " ^ih ribiih 
ijom (^a'rt'I jTinbu h" faihef ''amr «ini titf t'^ htjn ; luikhtit^hl le 
innu ywjuin yikul waiyik s ailt */j/ offiiiin^ tf^ih the ifidfj : lnmiij& 

' Mttiktim is sometimes ^id for mnhkrmi *iLl^b ^i?fi^f^mf»i. 
' A dt>vunly eKpre^on Fui' dT **itf\i l^'t (iiugbl. 



508 



THE SrOKl=3J ARABIC OF EGYPT 



bb&f k«d« f)»m durabu 3 uub^Lu uhrn he raui that,hf tlraiafiftmy 
atricck htm tn the /nfV ; quuit iiuu Imhsib lo uiniLa gat / fii^n 
tliouahi fhc had cGTiiA ; yoqflm abQL yii'al tumnu 4m /titfvrr thcro* 
upon ^^v fninoi/tif with fu'in r yi^ium jiikhshfi* 'ftlT-h uiinnl A^ 
(Ai*n ^;/'^/-ff «Ay of rne; hatUt yedfir we jiui I ttt*.'*il Ul/i/ fA* 
appointed thiie r^mif£ rouiul ; kan yedur yeliff Ac tou s/oirt/ n«iKi; 
lamma dArit u m&tib il 't^tvi rrlieH thf old vfn/ian niptif ttr <iit; 
iMn^i* yedOr u yikhl&f ub hLaIli' when the fTumItt iv)mea ta tat 

Rebiaur,— SomotimeB lomma ip usftil For wi between dlr 
ajkd bbe otber verb, as i^lt^ jt^dCir tkuuaut ji^Liwi uaiil it f/fCs 

QAm 10 fioTD^timoa fttt&ched to the partfciplE^ lu qaio rlaid 
'fujLti ^f? tifJii to f'^'i ill. It is rnroly uec^ in the uujitrntiTo 
eici^pL wheii il ri;toiii» ibit otij^ionl st^ims (tLuugU still rtslLiodaut}, 
iiiv^ftm ui:|af (or wiqif) j/fTf tij', i^f-wJ tsjirighf. 

§ fiCO. Buqo. Tbo prxniiu^ monmng of this TCvb, namcty, 
io remain ftatioiuxrji^ coji b(^ tTm:ed iu most of its derived Uilefl^ 
(ho jiriDcipiil of whicb me tibi» foltowiug : — 

{il) tu the e«:i:ji< of to becoTUt, bs Ittq^t nrnkrOHb / ^ rmt of 
breath i boqn mihtilr he bt^rame, ttoodt prrftti'-/M ; luqH muu 
*aifla yi'milu fib fhn/ ett^td in i^orancc of irhai Ihry fh^ald 
do; iJ^iL nm Inq^tflsh fi 1 b£t hikbfja am nihte bjilAe.h i/ F iton't 
Jlitd fiim *n Hf Ifii'}^, J tfhatl h/tve i/(me/t7r nothing; lui kan k«do 
yib^ifc vntjL ^'liiL.i^liehitiii {ot yibqa isaiok^ ^luisbiabibuj) if ii it ti^ 
th^rrt {it nrtith that) rio" haw rhrfUai titc : yib*[/fc vorflb amfe^t 
wh&ri iMil ?'f> hf 'jiyiit<if tilvjFL tigl hoWi-^ ; mn l\hf\iim tAm^ 
he&Ah ; ' mn bftq&sh C|&dir yUnil Jm t/ecarnif nruihifi to «ai^ 

(h) III tbo Ronso of fltiuipiikg or ooniiiLuittg thn rictiom of tho 
vfirb bo wlucb it is Abteobed, as Lxujfl yiilrntjC fib tttt^i/ fri/am to 
taal him; Ini^jit tifihrab 1i bn/lil ii; fubh »ii« iKTtt oil fln'tMJfinff 
mi th'j mamvj ; ma baqOah bwjiliiu, i.o, Omy ^aw t*^ trywg io 
findiU 

{c) Witli a period of dme fL^owlng it b« ita Bdbjivt> la 
tbjG <v>riniHrTi(]ri it. runmiiih LiT^rhnngivl in miTTihAr anri ^Ani^or 
hy tiat^ rtiJ^ liuiJ riowii in ^ 41;^ ; f.r/- bu/jiL Jl (.AiiAtrti i\ Mjitr 
/ have f»ccn titfj prarn in Gairo; kao bftql la tiiJntt Ubliiir 
lunmK . , . A^ 7i£ui fieri (\rtso Toimiht when . . . ', jj^'^n llu 



1 TKU tiso cf qizn witli itfi im|icra>uil veili afai>w« ttttt U !• 

regftrdL^d Jts an a*\v^rh, aJtbougb It ogmw with Uio ob^ed cf 
thd n^h in form. 

^ lb in v^v c4juLui<]Eity as«<1 with mi iaipontiTi- ^(^u t i!!il% 



FECULIAlt US5ES OF PARTICULAR VERBS 300 



jfiniOo ilft/r* (or we hjyjv ^ayraj' or -wo hija titUflr) a/te hat 
hnm teiiiiilfHn'j abnnt ftif tito dfiijn; hnwa ghfljib (op we buwn 
gliivib) Imql lu eabifc' flinlu /w ha^ b^ffn absent /of ^ivn ye^rtf; 
W|A loic ktbia yum hinaf — 'oijin! Aoio /i?>i<r Aat^ ^ou ^crn Atwrf 

('/) Til th<* pist ti*n?e with tJiH nH»|rativ*i piaphyLw.aing ji quati' 
fytiig vtrb in the aoriat, ae ma ba<jisb yigt ht trtni't '•'^ii n^w, 
/A«'"4' ijt tio fhaii^t} of hh c^minj nnip ; ma bft<|ilsb urflh / 'p?n'i 
QO at ail rutte ; ma bft^j^aOsb iJ'ftCitib btitfik ttx lall ■ncrer rrvfM 

(g) Aj4 il pure advtti-b. As Eiaoh it t4ikcia the form biupt ofi 
well an bftqa^ though the liittor ifl by for tb? pommotier. It mny 
be omitleii in tranglation ur rtimWfftl by wj fV/f, J-'t-V : i?.^, fibuf 
yeqttliik t*h Imwjii *r*« irft/i/ hff toiff t^I j/on ; ai'mil «h baqaT »pft'i/ 
tl^p' U!4 tff'fothert? llUda laic]^ ti'iuilfl nia*rflf M i-^nyhoie do me 
Ihe hivHnesa ; ba<{a mitTTtnkkil bulcra? «o ypi* atV off i<>-morntw! 
1uu|iL 1 fulfil (If mnsb butubtakf f^ii!« i^^^uty Of tittf t/oura, Dttm} 
l>iU|rtt ha t'aiiil rnin blim iif> j/ow are woyHnn from here ; dilwaqti 
\w\av ah\\h m&t, iluqut U pi^rhape more likely to be used where 
Ihero lA a |HQfi^. 

g 56L Somp few verbsn its ^ibob ^o j;rf up in iJic trvfiftin^, 
tiiibn'i jtVi-mle, qitrub [or i|ttrrttb) iijjj»v>rti*A, rigi* -r^fuf-n, need in 
(conjunction with otbr^rs, arv }iesb trun^ln.toJ by an oilvorb or 
«rlvtirb]!il (^ipj'i'Haiou in Eiigliab, tJiougb tbyy n.re iuilottttJ 
tbrouglhint. Tlip follovHiig siamples will illuatratfl Umir use: 
IUfl^wlh iiib'ittfl Ifik ">i Ti^// fetid it ymt In I/f? Jrf>rTiiji//, labnU tigl 
'tU'll com* f'j Tttf jti-iit th'Ji^ in M'" rnontiif/ ; Lut sotiiotmiea tbc 
full dunati of iJit) vtirb m^Ly b« renJertNt, nn ^bubn^. bu|<'-[t!L d 
(linyn. beti^htf iiy irvtlffi up ta Jirt/f if rfiinin^ ; sabiujna qulnll lak 
vff iolif y™ hffnrQ^ ami ^biq fnkkartu / itmtin'Jci hmi frmiously i 
isb ahugblii qurbit tikblo^ ihejc^ u Jkcwt^ fiitiokcd^ Ifuunui qMTwb 
yi^i I Qiii']\ii uhf^fi thf apjmiulffl tiTfin iota doK oi hand; rjgi^ khaUif 
luinliB fifi fffjfxf aiU.'flifT ehtJt{ hij her.^ 

S 50^. A v^b is Bometimpii fnllowod immediftULy by anothOT 
in tbo fibine t^Ditv nnd of pi-ai^ticoUy the (niae meaning, but 
?«vv!ujf as na intnTudTs. The liittor will iil thia case bo generally 
render*M^l by nn atlverb or mlvOTbinl pxpresaion, an rah qn^' he 
haa 'jnnff /or jft"i. ghutuj Foa bansh he has clean vanith^i. 

J5C3. Of otbPF verbs us^d ulv^irbially we may notice the 
aubfttjHitiva verb Ho, wbirb (tften Iwira the mwAuing ot utim, 

* Oomp, the uto of rigi' iq such sui ejcpreaaion £ks 'aiu ylrga' 

'MkftJl hi tmmtg til bMoms a eUJi^r ayoifa. 



310 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



/rnrvi'ti/, or g\yv» tliu |irl[iciiial verb Uin upos^ nf fi pltijmiTwrt, 
thmifjh reiDiuniikg itUL'bLnt'f^iE, iw iLuti yniii jnm ilo] i^ulti In Icjln 
/ on^^ eaul to h*m ; ififa ^liitii 'uuwiniit id Jinya kSn lf<r rfXin Ad^ 
fititv'ft'ii fhf tajth. It h» uoni^liiuod LulltH.-tcii. il3 quit] la >CiRi 
kuut. Evt>ii Lu qulti lu LEiliArtli biiiiL it cibaatit, ilh fulluwiag 
the priin'ipnl T<*rlj, I hi tr*MU*d ai* an atixilbtry ; it nii^litlw Irun*- 
lat«d by the slovi^rvly tfspreasion, f i"UI him y^ftniaif. / 'i\'L 

Ut he ubi'il tih udvprbn (% ^26)< 

§ ,'SG4- Tbo vefb bfyit (&:^t dsnTsd form ^if liAt) li aaisd in 
tho aaniw of keeptruj a tiiiivj triih oru^ at nMjht, ii:S hGyit iJ gJLwiti 
'ikodok K i^bah wuddlb il bu^V* ; b^yit ^ula ia ust'^l i iiUiitiaitiyciy 
(>f ui/^i>i^ o'l orjc ci^ m't/hlf OA b^yiUtt ^j&Ia n tiaqqiUli 'uabau yigl 
bndrf 'audina J wtwi fw r'*f jMxittr*'!' orfrtin/^r. fo ivil f'iJ't f't r'i»w 
^J lur eartj/, 

$56^. Gft*! gihi liti4 oFteii ilti^ fieni^o of /^ ^f or h^it'ft m 
Jaruniu ^ib nbflh uuibbA^ miimu lehe/i !iu /alhcr teaj fflrtufi tffiih 
fiitii : yi^i ri^mq l^ttnimt vifii^bjLf it iri/I if fdin'. ishfa if d)-ica. 

FitUoixad iQm)t-iji[tti']y by th& iioriAt of unobhur ^'Orb, it i* 
iiFten o<|UtviL]eiit to tlii* Eii^Linh l'i^t'i^ nibbtkii iDiiaitivi\ aa Iaiditu 

tUid, ivnd, Ufitlj ft futur** si^nsu, laJTimn yjj^i yidnUiMlc ihnih ruioati. 

KBM4&FC.-- '[ill^ hjU also till.' Bevtvti of i/e^iuj, or mtliur funt 
Qttf. ;jn/t* ii' he, us il wnbid till* Jtbilir. 

^ Trttf^ YA n't' inmi't thttt i» udLul whea fnllovfHl by rt post 
t«»n»t*, ciiUii?r jlUjiiii ur with thi' |iri»n*»ii]iufll aaffls, n.4 yji riT ru^^t 
01' ya ritnl ml.t. but wbon it i- foilowwl by Uki aoi'iwU the tsdllU 
Im omitted, ru ypt rit iierOli Wfu'ii ihitt ire vU-tht if*i. 

^ n<n. Thp vtirb b[La[Lr fv ifT, Lboii^b i-ibivjli'le Iji tb« (naL Uiiae, 
is iisv'l u-]tb ttie iikUrr^giaivu ON in thv lirat [i*<i-Boti HiEigivE^r of 
the iw>nr^ in the ^L^tioe of w ■J>v' a^, f/ fHerijt, iia knri 'nai yidd! la 
dawtit nti^ni' uli /i/.' n-nnir^i tv yir At in?*fi" vitilidw or mmtihtng. 
ftimetiou'fl it i^<iin**iporidn to uui" iiLrftfj* " »hut wiw I wi_inTi)»," 
liko tjucr^yiik, but i« iLct pTuiwuni^oa iuiuii'ofTutiwly, It U iiH«d 
Do^MkiLoukJly ftt tbi» bu^inTiiug <if II npnU^EWL^ ns a >tronf! iDtuin>- 
gdLiri», na ftbfor i-b u uublrik fb ilii kuntu bitqfll 'iJcyft vJb^V oJJ 
'/(!', j'r"«y, /?'''f t/tiu'tr fffu t'i'jtri'/ atfvJ mt f 

§ 5fv^. Thtf Kii^lJwh rniuf lif <*k|ir«iu»il by UiIn^iuiUnTC y^'^^t 
UfiUJi yl^kuTL rip', Jco-iOrocvttaionftlly ljy bbld^ with tha auJExca, 



) Bidd uibh tbo faii1fL-(i<* luwnt ulsn rn imnf. Ic eDmodl»«« 
Ifivtv LUl> aor, h purvly tutur>^ »«nM- Tbo mod. AJnueciau Mtf 



THE PREI'OSITIOKS 



311 



Ik* bidrlu lU-nh / niUMt ffa : nui btdilakftah dbgabbiuai 'dfmb (or 
biddiiJciL luth t^'nb>\irlUh 'lilt'Uii) ^/ov Tnvtt not tyrann't^ ni-rr up. 

S ■''■►9- Tliii verb ^- hare biitt no <?quivuloiit iti Artbic, ami 
tin* JOe**"* il t'oiivpyB must bo eapr^tised by help of llie preposi- 
ttoriai* ti* liiTi iiUlit, *r(ndi lutftS, ma'Ak ftiiriH, Ao. (See Aooid«DC«-J 



!I'H£ PREPOSITIONS 

S G7U. A Uiit of Lhii priucipnL pro paai burnt) has nlrcnAy b^en 
given in the lu^cidencB. und it rctuuina only to m\'\ n fw es- 
oJiLplt^ of dfi'ivmJ and ^)emilim' uftee of ttiu^^ which outsi fm- 
qiiMitly ocfixr ; — 

baMo b*i*de btikni. th(' *tn*j afiei- 1-i m'/n''>a\ 

Ill ijaMu vuUi ha'dii inrmnpafaftle, ai&'iiwii to wnm^ 

BSh 
Bfu 19 uahilII^, bub ikol u«ce«siuily, ri>|>out«<l mlh tliv aaooud 

i)F tbe two otijix'trt >vb>^tiii>r it bft« rvfonsiice tu a luati^riuJ or 

mrinkl oiJD^itM!Lioct, a» :— 

l>#a ik kural wi » Hufrit bti9ee<^ thtf fhoir urtil the talkie. 

bfiiijik n bCn ir rJVgil it Ifinl fteJn'fi^n j/uff atid thfi other •mfi^i. 

1DU fitib iiK>i|iiiliba b^ik L|^ li'^iu ^ citirritbu f^fre u nr* loa^ hetv?9vtt 

b^ii do. u b^ii dji (ui' bdii iJu wf d&^ £e/vi*<f;^ f^ik ttmt thiU. 

Tbe ri-pctiUiiij ofwii empbodistia tliw i^iiiiDijCtLoa 01- i'«i1Jbl[v^4t 
poEttioQ of th" objfv?ta. 

KcuAnK ,1. — Bt'n, iikeullotboi'prepoaitiwia, miiet, of ooiii«e, 
l>u rcptiitc'd vnxh each prortuiniiial c^uIQxp 

RcuAAA fK — -Tu avuid fxiufusiiiu ubi*re l)^ii noiim wii.h tbri^i* 
different ohjwts. We mutf insprt the words Tiiin giba, tuin gihu 
tuhyft, ns hii^iil kliinAqn tiQiii wi lii/nu miii |£ib;i u bi^u nkLtliuk 
mid giba (cr Tnin iphu, tanja) a quarr-i artns &<t<iwfen inm ttifi lUt 

tut tfio f-fl*! Hr-l'- lin'i 1^1* ffnilfn^f ifk df-- iithvr. 

Mti is 4i>mcti]n<f4 adilfwl to tho first \ATi., u*- inft fUh hilgn 
mubflnl 11 Wnu fJ/^riv' »# nofhtng bt'ttor-e/i ita. 

tBon lA rijuiTjUc^Lt to hiii/ in xucb oipreAsioce els l>i)n iLiHyim il 
4ftl^I AaC^ a^faup and half a*™frc. bfln baLrt u Hlian^f Tuirtk-i\njit 
^ Miklrik irripEiDH L'ampUte poH^^ei^oii, und \a liimtij LAod iii 



m 



THE SPOKE!fl ARABIC OF EGTPT 



It tako« the dual forro In the cipresstoi] b^ i] handn midii/irt^, 
and aoinotimoa tho plural whan a plumt suffix ifl ftttjwlnyl to it.* 

iff ' 

[larabii hi 'udya Tie stntrk Mtsi udih C iitiek, tm. (&« the m&tru- 

ment). 
roitJiiffe hi shiJ wtvi/j^W 7j/> in t ehaid, 
hi suklcar fi^ilh gii'jar, bi Kibjji iriVA butter* 
qiJum il kAtib bi d&wajtu tko el'^i^g pm and inkhora, 
il f&nAgin bi ^baqhmn fhe t^ipa and satttw^. 
il banur bi hmaJKum iho d'tnicoys toith tkiir burd^ut 
tigl bi I humiTf bl \ ^ATabiya ttmts with ( = Irring) tho dunkcy, ihf 

carnage.^ 
hargfl' buh / ynll Cfyme bftrk foifh him {Mii^ hira httck)* 
tara^ bl I maviUht He teciU t" paetuiv tfie r-attir. 
bAh bi I kolim hs iHoui the ncrot. 

ImJfttBgbarl wbll&bt^t thrrsTBilh( = eoimting)m€ nr tffithoiit tm I 
da bi Sjk thit ipith thiiif both. 

^h9^ bi ritra a tfrirer uvarin^ ti i^otU {no% ft 'jalidMya). 
vigii bi ibtqu ee man with a f/nard. 
ittallim bi sftT *AII A*- epcke fn'fh {in) a ioffl Wive$* 
kalaEQ yikkollim'Q bii an erpr^^^Joji th^ii/ fwf^ 
shuwjiijit bj aliniiijfl (or shunaiy^i fthuwiija) Uttin f/j/UlUg, 
bahHii bi (better ma^) ^liiirbE nirfh^tpad. 
iflwid bi (ot- ma') nhinat' reddiuh-Uat^k. 
Alllb jihniDtact 'aUik bi qorab frrdy ff'tW cau*3 y<m to 5c cvn^jV/^f 

iciih a {•'Ojiire^ 
itnlin gin^h bi I kottr, bi 1 nquJl ^ ^rt mnnf, af Icatt, 
ma bMUftlk bt keO^ Vtffy ruitre wot ttxiUjisd with that. 
absan bi ktTr wiwA httii-r. 
bi n iiabilr /'^ day, bi 1 lAl &j/ nifjHi. 
'aijfin bi I pibl ill teith lUtuUfpaae. 
'lUviirL bi I giom U! in ^^^^j/- 
Im 1 hftnak Ajf tjwrJ o/ mouthy vn'^lfjf. 
H kiiliLf k«do riffUrdrily. 
akbar bi Ethnhriiii /^m Trnw^ij fvjrfi!^. 
a^wal hi mitrrti tif^ mttrct towj^, 
'bgkK^^i^ tnlutt ijitn a 'd-^'fdy of three dajf9, 
iddicii bi ^ishrlD (k. qer&li) ^li^ nu: ct d'Aiai't worih. 



> A^ in Hebr«i«. 

V So iiui] In, A«,r TeiuI«Hii^ n ii«utor vort) m&^itira. 



THE PEEFOSmONS 



33S 



yftmu bi ytmZn > (sfiyi 1 mtrij hi$ dO]/ j« ejwii to tw\ i.e. a iw^ 

/nfilf one. 
hittii bi qt^rah^Jn a iico jdosite infce. 
itkftllim fi haijqn >'i tniyili A* -ijw;*^ yr^tU o/hin. 
ni*mil U kuUo lii I miuiTx J^'* iio it ail fit imev {wtmig^ atoajf). 
mattfljn bi airqa uecu^rrf cf fhe/i, 
qiiDi blufi, vLiik bttu {or Viina.), ^o., (S 493), 
simihti bu / Atitw hfiani v/ it. 
ATiwil b nuwil tinrt frf all, 
«/kldn bi (better 6) 1 U't living in '7<« Atnutf. 
FnonlDJ bi qeraken hs Kttled (nirJ-fed) t/iith mtifer treo piwirea. 
bi msAfilp sfi*tftn at a liix/tnyr^ t^f ttif fiourA. 
iah fibAmse kimt ^aia 1 ^hUU bi qi^abt^D tAifitn ffl« wn tnu f*'" 

or tfrrse " ^aj^icT.* '' ^ 'iftoi:^ iA^ ftiVi 
nin dritdhe bi Ukbbtt U babllr / didn^t fod t)v iihakiTV/ g/ th-- 

train. 
•arrrLfnt biih infro^uf^ mo tf> hint. 
lun *lnm3b0 bi I uiaB^tiK / Jbw»" nothtTKj of ifuj raaik^. 
Kuuiini bi 1 hfiitur, bi I twyi^w hn ortteiynl him tii r.T/if^ 
Ann kjilUftii, wAfv^tii, bi 'Ariiht^fL / orderM a oirria^ of him. 
itmitskhfU' bi wi]ii4 i/inAe/ufi of on^ 
bi UAbi fry t?'>/, in f rufA. 
bi klia^mlf /h'\f'» }jo\tr a_fai>\ n* j/v» Iik& 
iBlitArHii bi qi=r**h / fiGWftif. if /or a pitutre. 

RsitAEK, — Affix^l to tbe subBtantivoB* or fldjecUves uaod ob 
sub5tAiitivos, bi correflpoiiJa to thu Engliab proposition hy or 
llio ndvtirbiiJ teiminal.iua /i/, aa bi f piidf i/y chaTt':e ; bi 1 ghuliit 
fty mAtfflAn; bi I 7abi j/i-op'Tli/, {lecuirat^lJ/, enactty ; bi t taniAm 

eon^Utely ; bi ^ z^r &/ rwc^^ty. 

Qarvb (proaoua<:^ gjimb), 
hnwA gonbai: fftvU ^ ij Cuff '^mn^'af&i ti> you. 



i^ye rfyii^i^yo ba'rfubum. 



Z^ 



'Ala 



fdt *al5yH heptumici by 7nfr,(tdl€d on no an hin tpay, 

jvkun '^cya / shall be ^tirp'ttteHjU for it* 

\l\ kan 'ftl^jtt if it 'frjr?ifi'\i r/ra mti, 

j^eqdi bh 'aJfl I maH"aJtt ill i wAof tloen he tap of this m^itfer f 



> Or bi *KebaiB. 



■ A q&fibft = 5'55 metrea 



tu 



THE SPOK-EN ARABIU OF EUYPT 



qwtftb "mJ^ (or uiiu) draie npar, 

fAdtl tfilatt lyim *abi ^Lkliir lah Kl^br if wftnft fhr^ tia^t to 

f W n/ the month. 
Bttqq/kf 'hIh I klimliJura he dapfci his handt/or the evrt^/it. 
sln"™t.'* *nl^h? harfi. yut tttrni fur itf 

irili sbibUik yiluhif "ftJa 1 gioGna the uxridine otvHooJiti ttt« ^o/yim. 
biifftiitum 'oio, ^iLTibpu^ iht^t aside. 
Ididyif 'ftlii 'iimru/e(inVii//ijf Aw ///c. 
marliflti "iilfl rijLiloii pfuntciJ /or tn'ii ihtltarr^ 
katab il kit^b 'd^bn A« en/tnin/ inic a rvntiitd ofinarHtig^ Mth 

tekLifie *a.]a. d dawft dih yon tciU ^jet uvil ifi thu phytic, 
beti?pir, liitghaJjflJ- Hqak. 'ala I'li ? <™ tcft/j/ do yiiu /flTKiA/orf / 
kh^, W'Hilif, it'iKiwvi, *a\a. iaAv tn, ijet tfiUitoiTiAl to. 

kliudtiiiliviiu iiitDTJi walla *u1jl □loj'i'blii:!! did ^vu taktt thffm fiU al 
t'U'' turf 'II- tit lirti dijf-i'mt tinv^f 

'ftltt lLii.8ikb il 'udki JUt *^e;iL dAv^rfm^ to th^ '-itstntk t huDf. 

il Ijix^i]'* 'nii-k ij<-u lire *>J thf icronff. 

Uy* *[J<?Jt <|eriU^ii yfin 'in-'' rite tuto puvitm. 

*n\ti L ui^Ll, 'uLv luubltik, ^. tkndy, 

'uJu kuJlnji^ 4l1h kulle hdl, 'ula hmm hAlft tmi/hav, butter. . 

*Jita jutnul iu jnff opinnin. 

"kIa fitrl iin-^Hflinf! />* I'lrj plts^ mJiihi I thtn/t of it. 

istaXliuii 'uliit Ubi'iuf 'alu iit'/uirr ia^aju^ 

intrt'inf *ul4 r^w/NiM, 

l^lr "itlii f^jaatuuf 'if. 

xwX 'iJehfib [ui- 'oliahj it -Ainm'/ jN^itcr. 

ariluLiI 'uU fli'iire, rok/L AtrAi ur'- 
bihnl 'v\t^ 'jirv r^^'dfwt ag-Jin^f^ 
iikkM *%U wak^id, ealA \^k^ tn«M' thlh tmt*, prtn on 
t\<\\y irtUiiili^ ^aU (or bi) riiHtKni ii> n fAfrii/, 
itmihjiriii 'iilu wubi'l lmA- iimitilhittij *f arm. 
tt'nJ ^lIil (iir Sfi) ri«> ahout, 

tiAuUi 'JiJit (<>■' 'lUl) drfy^mi. 

lunmin, UU'mi», wAbiiJ 'mitt (^1^ entmtt mf tWtt d /fccnfr 
kulil- 'iJo u'khbl fTtiv on^ fht tie. 

^ llin wfttoT liei»g pnuiml (ivftr f^hr^ buub. 



THE niErosmoNS 



3i:> 



'ftln rfi^ vre *fin1, 'nU r rLf wi 1 'hi mntt mU%n%jfi/f mtlumi fait 
(piinsi'iiUj' in reply to a ponimond or a re<[Uo»t). 

rall^ii nukkiw *jvla Uilatt ii^ul '£t,'iiLl itw f^'urnJ^ vf ni'iinr iPtfJi ifirre 
jiiniii'ln of htijii-i/ (ill conking r^ipps) : so kli&tniult '«1b 
*[mh(krut* eliuwiiijit IqUaq *tdt^ s\iuve.iyi% luoiyn, tor, 

yintiliikb ki^iuAii 'jilu 4[Luf&(prcjn. ^mf?) tAnl iV mar/ Ir^rfxtked iitm 

111 antitlu-i- )riiy, 
iggaiivix 't%h\ (or f^) woljiiu fake uwrfher 'li/e teUhnU dittn'in'j 

a prci'iwtM tint. 
*alii \^\ ttrii\)i?if atrtiif ( = mm hum liiura). 
gin "aljL Akbir luJm* A* rtirj ft7/ A*i vpo^* oui 0/ hreath^ 
muyr^t 'oJuju Ac eo/itmiifecf a /^r'jtr^ i^irivt mo, foW //« 

fl 1 Imki illi lilja *alCmi Off ttjftiirs nrf uw/A mr rjf jm^rrif. 

PtX^hfif ni'-'C'd t<- ttia I'anhtiiik (ATitfiiit'ja^)- 
Lukh *idn ti-rtj' /iif. 

a1;LJlh^U^ Ufl^ih, U b^stLn 'aln Idnk ieii^ the fun-nf up aniititftm* 

ill iloi' 'jiU mhi'^ rt^Aofc turiif 

tlu gliAl! *nU'jB ^ftci/ is tiHf ilrtir/<rr 7t*e, 

kliud II "iii'^k aliutnLiyu ">'i/jV a Iftth room/or »m. 



'An 

hariniyiip' r[\nik ^n ^JlliUk / vUl rrrvr t/imr kaxtl /nnn i/irur tiAiy^ 
iVukLkhju" 'jui iHUfiIjiij»lil ht wo* itrlund it*Uh {ta=f/ nbttut } h-t fw"//,. 

itlul»i lii 1 Li^be *uii laL iiJiugib] tte u\m fiiun? Af.W r^n Z^^''!/ f''«'* i^u 
iiwk. 

av'a|« iatjifbiin^ i^c., 'ihu {or *iJu) ■»<£', inquire, a&i'Uf. 

(lAiikA. dfifn *ua t!'/&id. 

kulln vahul ghikli^ 'no It tint rack cue it difffreta iti ike ather. 

buwu wakjJ ^jiiinu Jiti ii hit a'j^nt. 

yi^Mftb ^kCL il li*b ^ rfcfj tir&i vf fdaytng. 

* Bee cnnjimcticiDS. 



^]fl 



THE SPOKEN AlURIC OF EGTPT 



iddini ^ostmro qorOsh 'an H meqauJa kuIUho. give me ten jna4tr^ 

for fhe tcholejob. 
il 'arablya 'h.U mta the tnrriage u far when t vhen da you MMf 

the enrria^ f 
baqqufu *nit iJ ugra he reduced hie vagem 
mH 'nnnak {or li ^acoAlc) g£t / A^j>e j/ou wiTf not cinne, 
inft *ntinrtFih = ni;l 'alL-hnb. 
I& badde *an mutak (§ 5il). 
ofadda] dih 'on diL, ifl safor ^an innl abqa hiua / pr^<T thio to 

fAof, JrtKT!^i/A^ to remaiainff here. 

'And 
Suidt, Ac, / ^UlW, ^C, fcifh me, at T/tjf Ai-'UM, 
lan 'ftndlfih LA^^^ E^ye dl / wuiUiI rit^ftfr iio etich a fhtvff^ 
f[m?altii 'and El khniyftt Thnd it mt out at the Uiili/f», 
k£tn 'jLndriJc X irfi'-ifa the turn' by yuu / 
ifi uinbe mu^L ^iiudt tji^ fmiU it rtot tath mA 
11 ^imdHk qt?rfcLi^n yon ou^ me /m? pUiatr^. 
ftbOb giLiiwiw] mill 'undu hixjtifher 7nnrr\fii Aim n/ Aw 
RabbuDJL raznqu mio 'nndu C/oJ provi'h't /'f him. 
*(Midt muab kiiwfliyia r/ 10 jvj( bt^cormntj in my ajti'mon. 
a kalbe 'ftiiduLuin lugia ^Ae difj u rfiVA f/iTru nnrfnitK 
buk wjiqi/ *ftnd il bfib hf irns ulnndin^ M the tlwr. 
uq^ud 'ondniCf itttanna 'nm^LLk fit, ftay, tfiht:re yi^ &>*v> 
Qqaf *andak (or dimply 'oiidriJt ) I ahp / 
'and il IueAid in tiniff (in cmr) <r/7Ked. 
kiillu 'anfll sawtt it'i aH the /lai'ia to tt^. 

Fi 

cRtn (rhn1(An t »rlia'ft aflgb »^*» are /uur piiutra utotijf* 

1&]i\tA fi '>uhrLrn (g in3. Rom.), 

an& 'jkii£rkk la kibuik, k]iiDit6D ^ 7 vonf to hao9 a tfford, ttoo tfori«, 

ivfih yfftt. 
tkim bMili Aiprfig^k fi miLa'jilA /Afiw a/awur fi^out ^/^ok, 
mfttlifttn fi uirq^ a/vt/*A/ f>/ a thf/t. 
miaik ft MUv hold oj\ hold on to, 
heyit^r fi I l^iwibUh ft*' 'TrU 'Ir-uuk on W^/sft, 
mn vi'mfah** f\ ha in no ronnoiiati'Jtr d/J 
tiddlcU kam fi diht Afjrr mjj'A viU ^H y^~» mtf /or fAiff io 

hddtink 'UIuId jBftn^h fi J h^t^an 
kUU 11 ki.lb ^V '^".7' '^-^ , f^ ka'liUb H k>id<Ub. 
UuutuLb ti khAAhAb fmhiiiff trnt tfjffL 
fn^ SL n EiAm A« v*Mt to stiffp. 



' TW/rtu* wrA« t* vJv, 



' il n« thif nTiiJuuV pw fiw 



TUE rBETOeiTlONS 



317 



fiittii fl 1 mljit € per tenU 

humiDH ft fi i^fra ^Ttfy arn at tafile^ 

il tiilit. fSLum tiie third i/tf 'ij thirn. 

tifkub il bu^ii II 1 ti^lf wjJliu £ 1 ItikfLndal luiil •i/ou mouni at tfa- 

ht/tui^ or the hoUl T 
mQhe^\iti fi (For tain) akluhum pleased xcUh tli^if /ooU, 

mill liutjliii hh&frimi hi* iowfvr fier^ 

Bilir fi I hftbiir in uimaawl he trardlvd h/ the Austrian boat. 

betiJfa* Cb G 4.11 shujuhU dl ! »^W arc j/ou paj/ing for thmjoh / 

r^l till ti I (|Liwwa dl a rtimi qf/nnJi utrength. 

mn li'jJchiiuitih. Fi eh 1 e^etu/'i^- ina^ For utuit t 

taartii. ti raarrn/rom iiriie lo time. 

w&dillb G I bdt, H 1 ba^bL (for 'alo) take him to the hcnecj lake it 

{tOf th/' JHillt. 

ii viqq& (Ui an o^c q^ •/> 

Bekabk.— Ft iH very frequently used with the unfioislu**] 
lUid inJcEuitt' toui^oa to ompliiiaiie tUu continimEiuo of the aotioii. 
iL4 kuti btiyi<thiilile 6 1 Ij&bl ){<* ica^ jniliim/ mnty nf tfis ritjr&i 
fidlum pdrftha fih huttii mjmwitflh //*?y &m/ ftt;fl til! they kdied 
him ; kiiu m&Ahl bi^'umu^^Q &. 'ml qoaab ha woe g&in'j aivii'j tucking 
at a ititk g/ Bugar cant. 

FCq 

'umru f6q it talSdn {lyr without tho urtuilQ) he ii over thirty. 
f&q 'an fiA'ci Jiiorf! tti<tu aa hour. 

ivrii fui|ha {vt t6q utitiha), as ^al6ba (above). 



lait kikaluT l^«Hnt[» tiilrribhn t/un hac^ Wi hiuiTKUt (fj etiiks Iier. 

il &khkh it tJlTii liih (for illl luh) the oih^r brifiJier he hibt. 

II taxtTQ li llOh 1/ rette tfftih Uo-t. 

Loqi^t liha rlba T^ihcihA I /ouryd it smcUiriff ItorrtUif. 

lik iuiHlilfl fs^U"t? is it hti'j niii'-'- you UJt t 

mn ti*mf luhtimahti wiiln kilfna om dwtn't n^erttftmi a attrd 

ihry Hay. 
Utliih )t JjuaHo Ofk/fT n lamp fnr rnc< 

Jtj!i ti'raf luhabe ahiiglib t^nn't ym fitifi him ajoht 



31 H 



THE SPOKEN ARAHTC OF EG'iTr 



fthuf li 1 tfitHKa wrr the Ptiflha for mc. 

\n^i\{ t%kkA\iv--tih \[,a.ii*ik. ]{^ jt^^H^fd lt,aLawaiyn J uiatii h Ik lUten 

u iiHlEf lake ti nap^ 
*iQ,'tk li ffr fjlata 

khud Ink kiirwi tf*'t ifmtrM'tfn fhair. 

lun. pish 4rnlir ar^t li 'hIi hr.^'ft / *^>fl'f fi*?wir wAoy fo o^rj^/^t im. 
m!Tx mut In f jfftjim A^w h^ Itift ! 
UnuLUb tilK^Ll Uk^il ntde auklina >£jd n tiAx trAru f^ou Aar« fft« 

i/TOtitut lut ffjf an fire. 
4am hiiww, qiuij lak' f*bt' rub ilanib U bint fi viflJuhibJi iffAtf 

rJ& jf/;; fhinJc he did t he 'iffnt «trai'j}d and tfriu*k thr. ffiH in 

tflt; fw^. 
qliQ ill Mf^hmumnil the^ naitxf^ hiin Mtihii^vtPil ; yei^Hlfl lu ni 

fhr^ f/iil it ati eiephant, 

SiL'iiil WEtiylyu li 1 nm^brib he tat ttdth mg till Kitn^tL 
\) tluwuijji fAt ^tlflja jA'^ioUly ho j-ae9rd 5y vi& 
{}ij ViiihiUi by hiinjvt/. 

Kf;nAi[K a. — Tho u^o of li ^r 'ala after r^rbfi of motiOQ U 
pnii-ticullj ii^eutinil, but ihi^ Ifii.tor ia muie cuuimott. 
lit^MAAic i.— For le imi, flmi J 577- 

TiaiiAr il b^de m\' l^)t ii iln^n ^'u'c'avi i^j/ oth^ ni'jUt^ 
ludii'l TTin' ^luirlit ^mth'Wfit. 

me»alir Irjl uj^i^ imhiLF tru'vUin^ da^ aivi nifffit. 

iD&' il uka^iirib al sariaet ( - bi 1 inik^ibt ti I iTiaf;hiib, but \B n(n# 
viviJ. iMiplyiiij;? cuutttiiJ[ioruiit<aUji botiuri). 



■ It iM morv Lifliiat to OAV yiidwt In, yiklLtJil \u, Ac,, than 
yiiAwf. yi&hbii'l, aiiuplj' m auiiL uini*a- 

* Lak in Uh-p(< tvk4i rxikiu|ib^& ici uu intftuiwc of tbtr *(k-c»llcil 
itthii^l iUIpIvii. Cihuji. Out utio uT thi? ^^coQit puiuoimuitJ m^x 
with kird aa f»>]Iow> : luMja nla ^uwiu-i, il (liklju <ll 'iiU'yu. 
HJkf4il w Uui hiipink Itiuidib #f) r/ou tni-rrtird thi* fo^ fj>v"rf mr. 
/f t« Hj, ami T iiM, 'V y</u '•'Vi n /m^. Tbo KtrfTi^Ui^^ut-l furinv 
uf tJici ndvrrbi cputUn, vn dAb (qawiiujzJi, ja d^t^iLkj proWblj 
irownt « Minilur um of ttiU ffif^it. 



THE pRErosrnf>xs 



319 



Min 

*\Mmi\ mill gQwji, Irnli il Wt (fur gfiwn) fw Wrt/ iivtilf tko gaif. uj 

(!h min imt'lilit Ihttfe n fotu/ time Offo^ 

iLjuiiiu ijt/itit liiinim fti: /uw f^rf Aja ni'Ah'r. 

fTilbu 'iiLjid il i]Lihw!L Tititt tjukAri^ u tJiiiuk /Ar.'^/ fmmirfU tk^ Vetfcli 

/or Jiiafi-in^ fojft-i; incUufta'j the bah-inji txint Itiitttii't^-^ 
huwa miiimna Jtf is -/ rmr ptnit^. 
lijia fiiiu kuUli^ u mtu (iity:lUr i"iiph hvjh attri tow, 
'altilnltum IniJiitDt itljlJ iiiiu fuliipiltj u (utiii) IhinAti ihry, hfivt ri'tfhf 

'JiJdi^fn, ichut t'uffi ft&'jn tintt ffirlt. 
Tuinhiim nls, min 1m^jt< hAb (?£ 148]. 

juliiuii farrAu u nfcinmi Itiunjil he in froth a lokrt arvi a ^r^K^cr. 
yii siUim luiii il hair? ijfXHi hfaveni', irhrit hr^J ,' 

min Hkrt lu iiLU 1/ ur mif opinhn that, 

rjihattih iJitu Irftu ^A^^y ttrrprffii hurt ii htjn houm:. 

Uh ehjuns^t ti^lii' mill ieih slmtrj /Af fiun rtW ju fA^ fuA. 

min VifBi It ji'im /jvm frfu^ /w rf»y, 

kLolll l>u1aW uiin ]] W^b 'tr:''/' 'JA <?^«? vti Atf luQffogf, 

)iittai loiu il umoi ofi& irho h't^ I'M hin motliei\ 

bftt^al nilah {min i^h) ylnighl fV/^^, irithmi ^Fork. 

rah mil* hinft, min henfti h: hav ^inne thi^, thnf, vuiy. 

*iwidiL Hjin il Iwiljr, luic fxi il kubrt Ar cnjfs^l tlv n'tvr, paMci 

iii'rT by thr ftridij'-. 
t|arnib luiri (or li) aj'j"'fiiirh, qunuyib miri ncttr ta. 
•inwhty inirimt btvi'U fttrn (for paubH). 
niiaiktii mill laU siin'r J cauijht hii<t }f}j tht /imV. 
il kiiiillfn, umt ujiiL i| ^icb'i the Kiuili/ii 'tiEif. 0/ /tiiiiiUjiitXi 
rtkritftlt (Jniyni^ii min l-iljt il bill j^/itrr rijcit « ttm tight tintttr thr 

firm. 
uunATi muildik min iff Hiu!a miiny u litrirf fjmtr. 
iiiLUiiii li Urtli lY /> /'rfrrreTFi T.'^m? "W// hitti. 
itmAvju|ib il g^labljrn min kitfibn th$ f^m was t^^i tn Iht- 

vhfinldur, 
ina. «]jurtifiL minuu bAgn £$>e df / fn-ver knr^ Mm tit dtt mck a 

ihiriQ. 
u mn]n mickll tiM (ma 0/ ynri hfti! cfitmnittid tf/v th£/f. 
kunto dht'lA ( ^ Bhayla) 1 wcW wr^ m^t minimi 'J^ hcj/ di^ m rnff 



520 THE SPOKEN AltAEIC OF EGYPT 

nia da *ftlS da □ Iffife 0/ f/olh^ 

*aMz tftmh miiL dilva^^ti ? <h j/ou teanl to ^ <it imte t 

hat raiiLBii irritfj some o/it. 

luh bit miu Ij^b, mia 'utoba lu haa a Jtciae tdtlt iim dofiTf Hm' 

appr'joehf all to hinuvtf, 
in DEuiMu mil Izq^d cUffidinetg m tte^tt to godltHv^* 
zi^il luin (or w^ja) get nnJt'yycd icith. 
main mm (or bi or direct obj()cb) jUi urith, 
intfiriara mio areni;e oiut'a net/ on. 

ti'ib min g^ icear'^ v/. 

ana WEiiyJi^ / am iHth yr/a, of yvvr ojnnimK 
quniij'ib \ru^£h rt^la^i'd teith. 
khaJll bAlafc vaivAya think of iitc, licm't firtjd ma 
entci WAJj&k bui^f am you f^tdt haw you taksn eoldt 
fi'il waiya (or mln, ^aiis.). 

Wfvra 
'aiDaln min wnr&ja, min wora 'jbnl M did U Miind rny loot, 

woriijT* ahugU diwia, taUlj / ftow loorfc io 4o, ic go io tha <ifit^ 

am ietin^4^t. 
tAlat finln wiam. bn'd f^Tv« ly^^ort eonttfioitio^y. 
dA u-arAh 11 tuA ^uddAmu aU he haa. 
ieb sbobr iJli warana d'xh lu^t nufniK 

Vtvpoat^oaa may be pLic^ bcforti or guvcr& other poiiA uf ' 
Hp«tTclj liLuii i^oumi and pidziirutiH, its ru!^ mlu liinii ; ftljsjut mia 
lumjiH urnQt 6f^4t than t/tot vr« f/jV, ma t'i-.h fa^fU fl ionak^' 
tvrtb tht^m w fKJ aJvan/o^/jT in yi>ur going; fic *aJa iiui, lomn« 
naa' ion, tkc- 

TH£ OONJUHOTIONa 
I &TL Of UitfAOi tho rollowtng dftaoTT^ Hnub apuciaJ ii^jticv 

>'■!, IM (uiually proouuncvd II, f« ; wi, w#) 

Thtf furtu^r conDM'ta aentenrea otlIv, iLiid tbo rotatloti 
bmr to Olio alidb^r ia uaualLv- uiori* riniiuUj Uukii wiji<it w» ii| 
employeid. It [dckd up tbu llLntvl uf the d Lktuiu-k*, jumJ tL» 
«1iit^ in tht» MMUJild acut^uce ifi cftoii Lbu olToi'i of that 




THE CONJUNCTIONS 



331 



in the firat,^ as il walod isil mlj li wu^du ^imkiu yeiabp fiL ^muu 
twruh wuiyftb if th^ Wy goej^ 'tion*^ fie vi'tr/ li/He hit t^iy, eo yon 
hud b^er go Vfifh him; fe itiiii lamuift oniihto ininnu ko^le ri^^te 
darttbtu t&nt artcj vth'-rt I fuard hmi mi/ tfi^, I drttrh him o/jain ; 
kuii R lilii sikkltiti^ n ibua min hltiVfiiiL tbn'LuinjL miEinu h* h<ut n 
i7j*/iT tn h%» hand, ind eo iw twry o/nitjf ^iwrf A'*^!^ ava^/rimi him, 
Tho vorb of tho nccond lenteuo^ maj bo in tho impcrotiT^o^ or 
tJie first b« iuCj^uced b^ a ooDJuuciiioD, a£ uim khkujte euiuqu 
UlugHf \e innu guj, fi rQh eot^ idfll khaU'ir li 1 BA^La / hai« 
had a tefeffrayit /r^m hvm aayijig he U eijfntntj, eo go and teli the 
I'iuha ; mu dam buwa mush 'auzu fe ixkaikii luddlb li gbSru ^nc4 
fte dcKen't ictnt it. nv< ho'l belter yive it to «inn one dee. 

Tt U aamtituni^a ua^I imm^iliatpily before tbe v^rb In a Hen- 
ti^nce ititi'odiioed by the cobjunotioQ amma (or we AQttna) or 
Ij'tkin (we lokia), to oLow ezn pbaticdly tbat the uctioD af the 
vrjrb TblaUfH exclusively to a parbiculjU' object} aa lit^uea dol 
r&^um K« ummjL 1 h^iq^lD f» fidltim mamilibiim, 

j 572- Wi c^anuvttd botb singlu voiiia uud soDt&nces. It U 
<.^oruuioiily omitted btitvre«D two verbs cloaelj eounccted, otoh 
tbutigh tiiiuii^ »ubjecta are dilTtireut. a» rigi' Lr ragil 'aud il fan'irL 
iJtlfth ujinm r rigblf i/ie rtifitt ir^^jf /^lafr ^ Witf itaker'i arul imfasl 
him for iht- Utaf ; danwarle 'alt^b IjujStU / ivo/nti /ftr it and ffmnd 
it ; ;ugit' iLsukka / teill a*™^ hn^-k <xnd luck it , ^ .ti^b yikahLilhik 
'iLiiiiujiJuL he itieid tijptvnt xl (Jiise'j^) toith "hJd." awi Uiivifvt U;^ 
hat li *an4hiya tfciiti kuwaijiaa gH trif; a carnage, und let tt be a 
ffood une; isbtuiuna ^iLnfya tktin mlu in oiLhod Lk^foi hrxij m^ n 
hra£» tra^ (with u atre.^a on tbe vord (ro^) ; uda tw^^adto lju|cta 
kede / /[furul it m ipfieJi / vox fn/rn, i.e. / knuui if [ftH mf ninrf my 
frirth ; nudiLbti lu. gib / calieii hiiti and h^ came ; una quiti luk lou 
ttfttihsh il biib tcqum <iu^r1 tifttdiu / IM jfoit not to fp^-n ih^ 
'hjor, UTv£ i/ua inim-:dMtelif no and open it ; mu tuulduq git qui li 
tie wniteti Hit I rtirnt; arui U\fn titid tne ; TiLya^a Q nturkib ti^hrw) 
(^ 5l4)i itidAT ju-<labbuk yeiid be praerd at the (rfetitvry nf) 
yjtir arit'd/b, aiut it ttdl irtcre{x^{hc better measure)-, oatii quddti 
kede 'aSA\ 'uiuulLi? kede wGrc ifoJi guch a timpUtcm fi" to d\j thtif f 

RKMiBK,^8iioh ^Kpn^sflitiitA ts rfth w^ gjlb, t^utn hfiwa w«i 
shSS, lae nncooimciii, NiAe tbat after i^uiil luu'rHF ty. tft A-iW 
the copuUtlTe ia K^gulurly nsnd, though ncit ufter kallif khatrak 
(dojints-vuiui tit priiu')^ AH L'mil ma^rllF we qui \\ be no ipod m 

^ It la H|U]viLl0Ut in mjLny vtsa^s U> tbu U«rmjLiL JnniL 
^ Ikr ridi ^iih, IciriEiJ iL3t«ifhim, Aiti^ (^ ^^^)% ni^d iiitet a ati^p«- 
tJT» veib« UA uiu gi'uib qikl It Ati didn't a/t/is aiid tell ui£^ 
* Proverb. 



3f22 



THE SPOKEN AR.\DTC OP EGTPT 



to U'li nw :^ knltif hhalrak tiaUtinn Kliuwai^a httve Vi9 goO^Mt0 
to MtUt o lUlie, 

§ ifl'A. Oa Ujc other hand, where two or wiore houhb or pi\i- 
iiiiuiid tivvi in fibUSH uuittid isnch with TpIi^ prec<^ting oue, \\xh 
cuiijimotifm imiftl bn wtprtseed ImitruRn ftV^ry two, not onlv 
(a« 10 ofti>n the caise m ^ngJiah) botwetia the l»Dit but <jit^ and 
ilie lost, lut ia aub'e wi I fil wi n iiimr f^r« fjtm, (A< d^ihant^ Qnd 
dm tiff*'''; g^iJB Htui wi lifyA wi btiibii ji/fp, /, rfw/ r^ur ^m f.ajpj; 
kan badir il 'aria wi I 'Ariifo. we wnlil^bum wi I kull tfia IniU, 
ttw hrvlr.'jr'i'.'tit.. their purentOf and all the rcwf i/vrc there. 

% &T4h Wi 10 iH>mi?&ijnoa joioed to the coujuiii^ttoim juniua and 
ISkiu, iiA "/j'J! to i^t in Eii^'Lir^b, uud &] the curtdicionttl lui» 
giving it the s^nsv of afffioji<jh, ncd uia^ in tbe lust cam ftl*« 
1k> Lfi]>H^t<^Ll with th« foUowiDg woid, na buW4 ^fa wo tJDmm 
klii^li jri4 gu8b hrf (ante, bat hU brv£Jt^ did tvA cvj/'c , huiaiu* 
flkruhum kedti ut* JAkiEi buumi^i iiati gj^lilE^ii Mtch it thar uiea, 
M tfirffi fh'-'j are iffjufrani people; v& Juu il Wului rat; (ur ws 

^ ri75. Jn tb& fuiluwii^! phrases the coujuiLctiou SE*ema out 
of pliiuB in Kri^liAb, though ItH App«i^i-hnrw ja not in bll (imtmi 
ilJoifioftl : kulle jijm wl l tan! every day or t\to ; iriHrnt'^n wi 
IjJdbu ^E^, cr fftVA ihrf^i timtc ; ba'de ^Cdicq wj t tj>iit Uq^tu ; 
kuUf^ aUJift {iii' "ftm) wi iitu bi kh^* map rv^ry yi-iir irriw/ ytw 
jtrtti^tfnti/ (lit- ev&ry ym/ o*^/ ^t'u in protqt^ritff} ; aKtiwniya (or li 
flhuwaiyiL or ahwuijitOTi or haLbitAu) wi gih prifK^ttii^ ti*; fMrtiej* 
kullr ma da or duu (^da wr) yiuuan, vikbira fie gfitt /'Ui^, 
thimu^, trofjry dfiy ; luu BBb'ur iHau (^ = UU w», al»^ dkii) huwa 
ghtibl At Ko* CI/ my *irfe fj^/tjrp J ttwir »/ (iitr / »«u tynlj/jn>it mmrt 
and th'rre h^ r/nji, ^cO ; nut eo^iti^q hIId-u j^h ^ rik kanabo miObV 
iliikii »ihiitAJiitil v}}i/t( dill /if dtf but innvH tut. 

^ fiTl^ ftnirmwimt aiinlogous Ur ibn almvft Eft ibfl }i»9 of wl 
witb IL fuutifiihli-, iuiJH<tivv, tv ttte t^niitinit^l prvfiect ttiuae, i& 

r4yj^ il hiilftil / jrfjri.' ftii/i itn I uJOK j^tUx'i to Htn lift" {if i it^AbUl* 
wiu^4h wi huwcL pAv inin in -sfti] / nui him lu A/ 'fru romini; froHt 
IA0 wflrAi'/; t*»Utin **nri Aii r I'jigd niM if it thirtjf jj^rA trtruv tU 
man 'iifd; jt» tara bih Auinjiii wu Luwu 'ui_vftn A'/« A' i^i-'i Jf toijft 
/ ^co'ttUnr ; lUm Hmrt<> wi utl tiugljfuvnj~ih 7 vnt tucntj t^A^ !«■■ 
v^rt a J»'ff/e ^KW; ma xhuFtiihuirsh ilU wi^ hfimmn quddinkl Tj 
pbJjV *rjijT *Ar'i( f/'/jfffi thf^ n-f^n i-Jorc ri- ; Mm Moihlnk wi nt& 






a i^'iJ> vAi 




THE CONJINCTTONS 



knUQTtikh / heard yoo fMfVi yir tfifre rryin'j ttui ; haJiJi 'nlirhiiin 

Hkuakk a. — T)n' (tlttisH with wi mnj prsc^R as wf^ll it» folJow 
thu oth^r» HA wi hna tuAAbyiu 11 a ^Itka gfiuu vrohid qtJ Una. ut 
iH Wi-rc frrt/Ain^/ in the etr^, Ae. 

ItEkfAAri ^A^ — The titaplv aiir- mny nXm be uaeJ, aiiJ tho c^iii- 
jinM-titjii iinil profiiHjn imiy lif* f, though they a«*l(!oni lii-e) omUniwl, 
■K ui^HvThuiD ^ifiTiLqu Aff caV'jhf them 9tfcii/>gt tets&i tficn ift Uu 
a^t of tti^ahii^. 

ItE3L&iiK i\- — ^i ifl uvuifetiinjhily unfA fur lumiua with a priat 
1j=<n^e, A« w uim kuntpe heriAk sUuFtii 7 tvtr hif/i t/JitJt I r£<u 

lEKMATLa cf. — Aa tbe BU^JsU-ubivft vsrb bus DO iircsotit pvti- 
dp!iT^ Tf/ii^Tj / VCI0, ^c>i wi(J b« UuDBliklri^l \\y -ti runt, &l.. «d wi 
KifA fi GkaodArlyji [ii7:Llte fi^nV i/?Anv f/r^iT y'>u ;mf up trht'^t ^/ou 

fc*m ftT^m A« wcu a bog t 

Ruuvjt ?- — This ciauB(i ititnjduvaii by wi la rBgardrnt ju » 
piinidvo vUt^a /l word ^iifirps^ii^ n p^irioil of time precedes, a« 
;]ii]i nrndilit wi titl Mute (jupiiynra. 

IttHAiLU/. — Wi is very Of IiIuid usod in tbie wajvritt Anything 
litit the pi^i-sitiidl pt'iju'tunn, 

^577^ Tbi> pri^^tasjti^Ei li i« affiicHl to the coDJunclion biu 
witLgut pntiitit^itlly lulJiji^f auythiug to its Sovcq,^ as wiU be 
r««HN from tlie fuLluwiuf exii-iiiplM, in each of vrliidi ixiii uii^lit 
jtlune be (ispH ; qiiUt lu Jh iimi 'JLiyiu / UAd him J vku ill : ^^ii 
lAmaiib |v iuD il iiniblufb iitdofu* inoji/iiiicti ai the /vm if pcui ; ttM 
yii'dJkbiiih le ii^nuk Uf£\ it i^ not n i/U Vint yt/a *hfftUd lyjfUf ; tuiti 
mV Jo iiitiijLu Jiibb'Lu ttfeijty thai u^ ivt jnv^ril ; itLi-v^ K^'^i^ 
li» iiiriu mil gfljib ^ Acrrr ie it tfuU yvur htu^Uiml iuis tmt fovir-J 
niir;kran 1*^ Uu)\ flbuft often iiatif T )»^n; tuk'uin ]» iuuibft 4^1it 
IC'iiiN liikiu . H ' (i/ ttf) true the «atAao,hui . . . \ qui le inuu jj;ib wj,'/ 
(LhU' t'i>>/nrjk-) /i>< c-nmr; hftSA^b bi l,i^^ Je irmibrt^ gut £ 'tiii /^r^/ 
ttiitiitihtfi'j Nfinr^ tntft fiiy c^c ; btiwu kUiLzimiia If* iuiiicb ruiiwiLlujji 
fio imaijintif icj^ had tjont ; duruliQ^b bi^tiA le InmtiA mnuwituiJi 
i^Hr 6aal A«Ht fi/^ *oe kiUcd htm; V^bin ]o inmuti bidiina nobtLliJi 

Liu« tiie want it/ «^ ,vv(«» 

RuiAKK Or — \\i will be Loticeil that inn And 1g \i\n. ore not 
iieceBBarDy prwod«J by a verb, and ul*> that when th« 6iibj*\ct 
of the Tot-b fallowing i£ :t, purtonn] ijronoua it must bo opprod^ 
ju A tuf^K tr> th« coojuQG^on, but wb«Q ilU ia n&od tbo pronouu 

^ But leiun U mcirv uaunl Uljia tbe diiLpU CE^ojaiiutioa. 
* Jjo inniba migbt btiro bu ouitu^d. 



321 



THE SPOKEN AKABrC OF EOTPT 



is Dot tsxpri^Med, as akku] 'aUh i&uu ^^ {qt ilU yigi) irmtt upon 

Eemare b. — Where in& or Is icii is pr«and»i by knoihar' 
coDjonutioQ or un &dvertt it may 1>o proctiiMLlly euparfluouft* 
h;tving DO uonjtmctiijrkal forte, nA *&ahiu le luau gay m'hyv ^ «« 
rvnnini/ ; amiTi» inmi-k ^ftb[( i^eribt ffou. ar« a timpfffon ; oWkhutrtmn 
inn! ana zi'ilti> minnu indeed I troit Cfitjrif inth hint ; u b&'d£li ^a 
dtiit lo ifmihA tanniha nLietaiiikl)^' Inn will o^oiigioEuiUy fitaod 
t^aiie a^oixG, itdeif introducing tli« eeatenccr i^ iri[>^k euLa 'abit ! 
with the f«aiTie moaning ae libove- 

^ 57^, ^aIh inn U opttorially used for inn or ]« inn After «|ftl, 
iFtd^'ir, khtuumin, yihaibr and vorba oE siioiJm' impoit, &d qulU 
ll ^aln iiEiiu uiuflh radt you Ujhi Jitt he K'Orm't wUlitt^ ; ift^kftrtit 
'iilft inn il liiiij^n dth bi^ba'uk / ihtinghi this hone taui/oitn; bahHilij 
"ttla iuimk lJi*bjiii / than^fii yott tcere tired. 

$ &71J> TLt> ri^lativti tnA formB coiijai^ctionn «ith tho ^m*- 
|XMJtiu[iri '■■in, qnbl. ^u^ (>^ ^45), ur prvpgaiUuiiA f^jlUiwwl bv 
certflin iiounn, as ^nln bal inft Tr/ifTttf, 'iJaiibAu ( = 'uln iLhin) or 
'sfibiin nid, &e. It must in alnjo!-it every cajw iiumwliutwjy pr^ 
cedtf tho verb, an thai whore the subject IS cs|trtM«l ana pro* 
ctfdiM thtf v«rb it ii K^iLriiieA fruiu the reab of tbti uornpoiiiuf. ju 
q»^>l ir rAgtl miL yi^ ; 'iibil ( =u1& ti£]) Q gRwtb ma yinkiLrh 
HiU-U ihe M'V in arritCiTH, Atc^ but wo uiAy, of oourfiti^Bay qablo Ua 
yigi r Hgil, ic.* 

RuftABK a. — Wheii uaed vHtii tftuir ib should tiot lu nay 
bft Aeptrfctud^ iHir is it, ua a rule, wh^u used with \A]. 

ReuABE £. — Mh JB E^iod for ^mpbutia to kotir, htilbuitf and m 
Fev oth^r words, ua ketir ua mlma&f, m4i £V|ia» itc^ > Imlbutte id* 
figl rrhif, of fnar¥» 1x^*11 rinut^ 

^660, Tnntf muv tJike tbe probumTfiiU sntGies, iind nuKimj 
wiUb a ptsb ti^ii4i^ that the lu^tion hbd juet lH*t>ii oi>ju|ii(<tvdi n 
whou folIifHi^l by □!&, ?^ hH>u jts iL wrt4 cumjik'tud, ud ti*un-u jph 
A^ /j/t* JHi'i r^JiFifi • Umwii m* ruht <u *iwn oil ^;ii went. With tbit 
tu>rist it li^noto^ lu io<m a^ %ji A.ct is (wiil b«.) KOfom^^lishifll, ha 
taiiwu ma yj)ft iz;i rtfOit i;^ A^ eom&t. Ji fihoiild in tbt* itklttT ntftii 
ba ftocompihiii<x] by mJk. Tho p&rturipE« m^y ha uaed in pWv uf J 
thA put toiiBii, AH listin taavuhcini (^ayiu ( = ma gum). 



I IUh ifl bot in frvfjuvint tiiM. 
Lul «Ui^h «ii t^iprvMikvu nliuiila uub bo iiuiLktoJ* 



THE INTERJECTIOXS 



326 



THE ADVEBBS 

g681. Afl bnfi hi^pn wen (^ S44, 336), outistuntivcs, «djec- 
ttvtia, ftiij eveu vprl'S, luuy bt^ aaad a« ndvm'bs- 

§ 582' AfTverlf^ laq^yqujLlifvAiilifitjLTitivi-s jus well as udjr^ctivee, 
M huwB p&bH IceUr b£ i> a ^ai/rnaid of intwf. 

THE INTERJE0TI0N8 

§ 5S3. As dji !L|iptiudi£ ^} t,]iE? li>{t uf iotiurjeLitEona i^iTHD in 
ihft iwpjilem'ft, a fow nip-piaiotifl u*ed mostly imong fnerida on 

To OsB SrJMiTisa (is a Joukskt 

khb"^ li'^ty — Allrih jiFftilliuiJLk ; lu slin' Allu UBlififikk (<ir D^bf^f 
W]Hliabu.k, wiflh^hukuj G Icli^t. 

Babbiaa ytummiin *iUuk bi kbdr. ifti;^>Z^~ Allub ^hfazAk ; 
lUbbin& viguiEi'tia 'aleku bi kb£r- 

To Ojte Ketphned PRyw a Jocrkey 
9*lil£nat; bumdu M lUh (or haoniilLi)*a3 6aliiin]ii waJmebHrm, 
Aol^htiiia,^ H^y — AUub yiau.Uiiiiuk ; v&bjt3htp;D&, to vhiuh 
Lh« prrKjii retuiuod may replj — AlUh yibfjwak^ ji8*lUiii»kh 

To COSflaATULATK 

HebfiHb (mubiraJi)- Jie^^^ii— .\l!ab yiUrik flk. 

ShomiftiDa, Reply — ilpa Hi tahomifnri- AllAh jiebnrraf 
qjijli^ - or 

AniMtiiiu. Mej'lff — Allab ye'iinsAk; Allvh vitf&ddjil *jJvk bi 
1 kbflr J or 

IJauwhJtrt b^tna. Jiej/l^f — Allib jilif^uak ; or 

Htt?HJ Una f ftUruT hi wginitiiiii- //Hj^^y— Allikh yibfjiMk. 

Apteb Dbinkiko (hj a i'^c»t>'e Uoun] 

(lukurai), to wbk-U thv drioktr roplita— AJIdb yibanclk (or hntm^k 
Aliab'). 

^ Tho mHLjiiu^ of tba ^ord» which fuUow, if itob iJrwhdy 
j^ivftfi iu Utti boil^v I'f t,iiti f^i'ikULnuLT, will be foiLiHJ in [^le vuofiUj. 

' lUbbiiLifc Aiid Jinbbuiut Ar« boUi nid, tlui Utter Aft«ir ili» 



ViS 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EOYFT 



Ott RtcETTiHfl K Cup or Cott«s 

Qrihva rl^'imitu^ i^/^v — <^Aiuh hAvAuik. (or Rftbbmu ^Mfm 
"Utik ia datr). 

AtTEH EitlNQ 

InhaHatto ktir tnin in aki, /?'*;TZr/— bi ah tiliifa wi I %iy9, 
wLidi the Grat rtpUt-s— AIIlUj yi'uflk (or yi'aTi bu'lmuk). 

OS BiSPiQ TO T4WTE 

To £]APRca& Thames or Gratitude 

To ▲ Bkooas (in pliLce of a piece oE money} 

Rtih 1 Allah yOiantiin ^alt'k ^ firiaf|; rO^j ^a abAkb, AtUb 
^L'zuqjjc; Alla±k yi'tU^T jicl^Uc- 

Tc Bbo Pabdos 

To ^K Tntaliu 
abidde h^l&k. Bi^la—i^h shiilrlo -^la Ha. 
aiuah jLh^aDT i^^y — il hamdu U lUU; AlEb yiWUmak* 

On iNvuiftiKO ArruK Oax's Ukaltu 

liEt-yakl J^-j^y — il bttiudu li llib, toiyibln, Slc (or ftimiilyj 
il bamdu li Ll&bj.< ^ 

Om Meeuso a Fiuend* 

N&UilnLk wi'til ; luUurok Ha'k) u uiWLnik. li^jf — the mnu 

Alil&n Q AAblan. if^y— uhbui (or aiilau) b&k, 

1 For iBUlJiehnkJcir, itc TIjp TiukuJs exprviReioti birakst^ 
vftruJ or var«jn (Turk- r-Di'n'it] iri HtMl aometimvA u&«d, «»|riM?]»U(' 
W tb» low4ir eluwM. 

' It L» not Arabir tn uy &□» t^tyib, kiitUr klifir&k in mjly lu 
iiii iiiquirv. EaLt&r kbeiuk la iiot uhtL iu IhIuh ivaj. KiU-tar 
kb^mk illi u'ultmt would \m» c^inrM't i^ud iu^tiii^ibU, but tb< 
«tH)T« «rA tbe propwr r*ipUiui, 

^ A Muundmftaiftvvtii Anotbor br Ui« «aEprvMiiMa «J«cq {« 
1« aaHia) 'dvkl, i^'^^Vy — *al«ku • wtlbu. 



THE INTERJECTIONS 



327 



— [inuwika bi ] khur ai a Hf'Ailtt. 

Tinisa 'ak Ifhtr, /f^y/j — wi ntTi niTiahl (^nun ahl) ii klitir 
((R- ifti ntu xuiiohlu) ; UmBfL hilo. klicr (or bkh^]. 

At Night 

Ultttk aaldrt (g 32C). /?f7j;v— A^n^e word*. 

<iitiya]; il *unir (\ (u-wUak (For i^ tnwll lab] . . . akhQk tiiM, 
^ut&Jiak m&t, ibo. 

To OhB about to PftAY 

In sW ii]Ib. hkraruuti. A-;;^y— fuhlu (or gftm^a, or Kftbbiitu 
yignjtt'Dii) ; * or 

AUMi yitamiuin bi kL£r. ^epl;/ — in &\i^* uJlAhf Riitibitia 
j^isma' iiiiiiiLik u yiUkiuiuim l^iiawi lukuoi bi kbi^r. 

To Oxs WHO DAS HEcovcnBU> riu»c Aif Iixsaat 

^ainriillH 'a* atilfUua^ Bi^i/—A\\iiih ^ioallimak. 

To & Fl^o£ 

Mftbirik, Jti'pf^—AHAh jihirik Rk; 'uqhiL 1 'aiuJak (-li 
'aodak). 

To OONDOLK 

n buTtkn fi l^LAoiUc, /^y—AJkli >ibftiik ftk. 

Oiv TBH OcuuToy or A yfisTivu. 

Kf[U<* sATirk wi ntri. tAiylb (or wi DtA faiyibln}. Hepit/ — kulle 
'Am vri utu bkli'r . \\ 'iJ rpiebiiik in bhii Wait. Rcpljf-^i\ahhUia 
vA'ild 'fJ^nt wi ^Mk bi khr:r. 



^ ThtMs tfXjimfMioiLJi AT* bvrdiv need by utty but Copts juid 
' /<f> unite iia in 31«ochp 'Sh&io ^Kpres&LoaB lu-c^ of aounv, 



338 



THE SPOKRN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



On the TlrnTB of a Child 

Mabrftk il maalfliri Tlli {i.e. Owl), pab Tak yikhaHT Uk. 
Bepl^—AWih yibfirik fik; Babbina yidilk (vi*tUi)' 

To A Pathejc gv rsK Death op a Child 

AlMh yi'Huwftd * 'fllC't Reply — y» mi^mi 'ftwmiu, halt 

Qjl AS AVBILTBD MiGBAF, Oft WflBft A TmNO SLAB fiJ^>U,T 

TLTBNBD ODX WiLL 

^B«ai kb^ ; il hn-mda li llaJi lUt gut saJlmkv 



OKDER OF WORDS IN A SENTENCE 

) Sd4. l^e ml^a aa to the p<jsitJi)n of vfirds in tbe sentenps 
wiB h&v& abeu'ly be«D guthvred to t^oma SEti^at fronj thd tfxer- 
CHoa uud <^3Uimpl«6, fLfi ^Ti^ll as from the roiau-ka bearing dir»(?t[v 
(iD tie nubjoct, but >^ abort refium^ of Ui&m will aot, poibaps, b« 
ctut of pl&ce. 

(a) The Bubject, when deflnite, mav eitlier preopd© or FoUov- 
tbe verb^ as ir rd^il gib or pli ir rix^X, ivx\t\ ruht or ruljt 
aua. 

(A) Whon an ind^^fjoite singDlar, it very rarelj pm*Mles m^ 
lass ttii^ ]udt^£ii)t« articli^ u «ijtri4^oJ ; thus w» i^bould aaf ^b 
i^lgil, but we may o^y naLid riV^l giii. Rif^g^la gum la* bow- 
t>ve]', uuti uuuDcnDLom 

(^} When two or more vprb^ Iuivp the Ram? Biibjfvt tW 
rahioct may nrvoede tbeiu all^ follow the first, or follav: tb«iii ^11, 
aa la aitla knadtt Wdiba u rfVbit, or kliadit baMiba 9 aitt u 
rabit, or khiidit Imdilia u rAhil ia bjUh. Tbt but urdw ia nimr 
Uian tbtk first and Ri?>ron<t, 

{d) With oolr a ffW osooptionji, tbc qtialificatiTfl adji>ctiv« 
follows itA uuan whether defiiiite or iniJeliLile. 

(«') The d«uioii«tJ'htLv^ pronounti alimisL invannbly fulkrw i^m 
tioun, but vordfl laoiy inutrreue livtwiN*n tlie ruiuit aiif) it. oa il 
luahill illi hoA qa-dLo fih dib thU piwx i* (rAi«A «M oiv WCftnif ; 
>eqiliD IT ra|:il illi kan uijlabl dib. 



^ Wben a (Tiotbvr U rongratiilatrtd » Uie ri}|i>wLTig w<itdd ar« 
oTtMi itddnd : wi t^hrlb wi tgauwuu li J^ai^uk wu fi ^atul 

t 



^auwnila Uab afiivkii ^awa^- 



" 



ORDER OF WORDS IN A SENTENCE 



329 



ronjiitictioii ^juTa,^ ili'» tieuuUy at the end of tha ei-'Dt^nca, 

iff) A verb in nersr in a strict tfcnse precluded by itd object, 
but itio obj^t miiy be mentioned absulutelv (for the sake of 
t-mpliii>ii>i nr HmU'ik^'w) bpfore the verb^ arid b(« rvprtfWEitt^d and 
bo rvp^iit^d bftdP 1h(^ verb by tu^nnti oi ths pronomin&l sii^x, as 
)T rfljEJl t-liufti], uorpp ir ri^l abuft, 

(h) WliBU the siibjtv't fidlowa l-he rerb. tbe object and oliior 
wurdrt U£ A'fll imkV coini^ bc^lwj^f-n tbe twn, ibouj^h it lA inure umml 
for tlie subject to be near tJka vert>, oa kat^b ir rilffil i^ gawiib. 
or katah il gaWb ir rigil ; min ba'de uiik kLuuJit il klmmtut 
^'!nL-b il 'ogdfA o/'/er f/^ cffcf Kf/man had taken the £6 ^ qnl In 
t*mb il It^h " gat}d f " gaid th^ Bq/. 

(i) With verbfl qF givin^r, SiC, tbe indir&ct obj<4rt Aho'jid 
fw^i-'i'de tb" dir^wt »* in English, unless tho foi-an^r it* ^verniid 
IJ)' B prBiiosition. wlien it nniy eithej pifcede or ftill<>w, H.a a't^ ] 
WLlnd il kflm, but a'^n 1 kAru li 1 wnbid, or b^fiL 1i ) waLu) il 
k£n. 

(j) li is bettor in a conjunctiTe clause to plofO the rerb 
bt^fnre itfl oitbjivtt wbether definite gr iudotujile, e^pecjiilly 
whi«r»i thpre ii anothfir v^rb eonnectM by the E^>pY]tiiI,iVi^ ; thiiv 
IftDinin gih ir rd^ U uhai halt U wulod ift muoh preFer<il>le I" 
liuuniH r rA^l gih, &c. 

(A') Tbb Jkuxjliiiry kAn mo-y bti aepiuutivl from tbe principitl 
Ttwb, ufi kfinit min qahlfl fi 1 bfthQr tjilnbittj minid sfip hofi ftj^k^f 
if t^rrnf hf/orr tn tfi^ fio/rt ; kau wiiqtihji obflja fib 'andu shupl 
rn^/ath^ wij^ t*Hjy at that mi>tntnt. 

lVkyi]i.r\i\^. ivhna uned withthaunriRb^Eihoulcl nnt be separated. 

itj Tbe Tijcutive luiLv occur id the middle of tbe Re<rjteince^ 
frvoti b<jtw«pu GubJL>4;t and r^rb, ika ana ja tudj ma *jjuaitiBb hAf^n ; 
qultft Vii< bittt £ uriF^ Id^im tikhalU^ qrObik ^vlmtd J s'tid to 
tn^ftrlf, M}f fjiil. )/ou tiniAt kcr^p a fvnim ff^drt ; \!\ ^ikkA dl ya gaihi' 
t<-rfih miti biiiJL 'ala ft-u T iffA'^rf^ m^ iatl. Jo^ this Toad iea/l t 
tuM xan inu^rth yii khl fiiUs ; hlltl \il bitbe kurat' 

(tn) Tbe tidverbe kot.lr, qiiwt. fallow in moa^ oises tbt" vorde* 
they qualiTy, o^i t-^'^'h rpiwj, hut k»?ttr sinnotiiU'Sd prec^Je^. 
\trti'y in tbd Hente of fane, ton'h'it li'.-tjr^, iiJh> toUnws an o-ljet^tivi^, 
at nhllf nifuija*ln ictty f/^^ /ji.'jj? thin ihv^y -rn-, j.nd is UBu&IJy at 
the end of the tcnt^nce, in imc^rdunoe with riiLt^ {/)• '^ mat 
iiz^jr t Jfn, OrhnrSf 08 tmjHbjLri ijfiout, tamnlW ahrayt, mv.j either 



> XhUis appwrvntly due to Coptic influencie — (S). ' 
jonctuin mutia ( = omt4) oJwaye precixlea, but it is ver 

uii>-d. 



Thu ^on- 
very mrel/ 



33tJ 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EOTPT 



Follow or priMvKl« au adjivtLv« whit^h thej qiuUify, ixa titiiiiKlIt 
ujLdlf or tindlf tumtkJlt, but thoj fibuulJ follow vhva uiieoipluIJc. 
(u) Adrorbs should not interveuQ between subject At^d rorU 
qr vK-b tfiEjil flubJQi't iiitlefiA very ifinphutic; ibua ir ru^iL qun 
hUjin fAe witff Tof Ti/j fit cmce^ but ir rfigil bilan qfiin (<»r q<»m 
hUtin ir Hl^) fA/^ rrmn imrnediaffty gat up : ao da liulbutbo ia« 
jifslibisli fAd^ certaiiUy tpon't do . ana d uuji dl muKb r&l^ a«ifir ; 

(o) An «naphiLtir^ word will often bfl put in ft promimmt 
plo^^e, tbuuffh ita aatural order would bo elfit^wht^ret lu IcAdu I 
qidt meahaiva*i] lu oa ^t* ^^w; A'tttJ*. ihet^ had i^t fur Him; utA 
fish fi 1 l^t 'nsh. 



nOURES OF SPEECH 
ELLIPSE 

£ 685, By this figtu'ti we under&t&ud tbo omwaion of a word 
or words, to be eupplLed from tbtt generuL sanae of the phnM. 
The followiog are iuEtuDoeri of lU iiEt)! — 

(a) The omiAdon of tbe DAmo cf God in such expnesloiu *• 
kaitAi khf-nik, in'al Ab{Lk.> 

(i;) Tbd v«ib qil ia aometimoa omitted iti, a ]iui*nxtiv«, aa 
^irTit in luU . . . ^'kliab&r oh " ifte pwpio run u^ {tayin'jj 

(r) U^bur. tir n word of ftimUnr *finK^, is ofl**iL uiidwfllooJ 
batoi'U liLniiJid, AA gora Ihimt t'^h i LumuEik'HJLuiii whai'uhapptimi 
io Ihcrn f Witil ttU {or I'd i^l you uh'-n] J hxva vskfit ttt/mi. 

(if) Wbeii tbrt objvcl, lo which ihi? uotioii of th^ vi<rb h«« 
r«fpn«iu?e, Iitlh jimt b>*L>ri uiE^ntJouL*!, jind uould, if r(Tferr(<d t", 
hff rc-proHvnU^I by il prouoUkiiuJ bulbi if dvfiait^f or by wjUiivL 
if indefiuiU*, it in rrut|uoiilly umitttd altojfetliuf, iwi luuv qulti LlIc 
tii^b li 1 kiUb Ua , li^b Juh KibLialk i tM yutt bj Lrui.j me ikat 
/>obk ; ^hy dui-n't yoii. hiifvj il I "aiu kur^I 7 bwa, UAt rJtJ £n>u woor 

(f) Woi^la uru lUiijblA^J in f^ ft^vv otb^r <.'sprcw.sinti3 tjf com- 
iiiQU 4X7Liri-eriC4>, iLb l\iv miuliM ninlii aurl 'nlqa ('j /wi/ir^/) iu ilitui 
*««hanL, iddt Ili ; hhiul IxU, hiltJiR ^f^^r nitbit bt^b, ^c.} ; iMbuoH 
^lA^;* ki'fuk (for 'dik k^fiik^ fu ^</u Idv ^ 'audii ulAF A^ J^ 

* Noiiots UioiLcci'bt. 

* N^jtit-f^ the iliffpi t iicT< Uitwrnii ntukkwibu UiiuUll lUA tiafk'*h 
aiid iJmJcwitii cliil tiiifA^^bo tjLtiiiilll. 

* An in Ku^Jith iy/'vu you / CVnrf you »' 



ELPHEMiaM 



sai 



tfi/mfion/U frt/T^wn^), *' 'vry rich ; miwli **hr yiAnija' Tie ttnanCl 
*fuh to aprfi'i (mpTipj); ii liiuya iiAwlyu (oi" iiiwiyifc 'aUnTyw) //*i 
'iKuUitT M fhrfafi^niitif. Fill moija q^ildt* till*^n (*"ff' t^l rflKlSu). 
Srt'tfi ftTnl kh"''rnk tu^ (iftrf^n f4iecI in rM]»lj t(» tiah4rKlc faaid ilqiI 
k&ttar UIii'taIc wiUi tiu el1ip4« of tH» first word.^ 

^ 5Hfi. Thfl fiiriH i>f pIlipHO called hmchyliJiry of ootujariaon 
is iiluhtii^trt'il 1i> Mii^li tix|jrbiv>K]iL4 114 i|ij[]U] ra^l Up ht^vjlU U 
Iff/It f/ '1 it'/tn <fiir qimtu qlmit rlgil) i wish>*bii iiA*iiiL ^Ayi I 

u /Aat ^ a tarpf^r^ttr , hilif 'Llt^liA bi b tiJjlq ittmita lua tFiiUh il 
bf^t-qftl kJim ma iJM^b il bei we t.iilLE 'ulclu bi t lull^ iub 
fiiitu. 

EUPHEMISM 

§ adT. Th» BvciiJiiij^ uf uiipliAiAnub or unlucky wimla by 
othera mor& propitious, HcmetimM implying tLo exact uppwiite, 
Ijj xku idiom not uoknowQ to Arabic. LtLstkiiced an^ : — 

Iddl lu 1 iaa4iim ijiw hitn tii* preitnt ifc briijfr {^<jii kiiofc Htho,t\ : 
ilwakkil i*r.. 'hIji IU) to 'jn aicaj/ (lit. ctm^in^mi wntV nt^ij Ut God^. 
kbud il m^lyin takft ^lu^ay Ute/itU [citj)j, meaiuiig tbe empty one - 

ilWUffft (tUHUffi) .Zh?.' 

A pi^raDD suyliig Ml imp]«uaaut tliiuig to uimtUtfr* or of au- 
»thor, will often uddrtw* bim, or sikkJc of Uiia in the btttar <iaw, 
aa il bi^td {or il ab^aJ) ilta/a/-j the/artkett owy to nvort the «viL 
fruro himaelf or from iha pdr^oa addnsAied, iw yu kutb U ab'ad 
y4/u rfi/^ / yiu'al uLu 1 bl'td t~Ui~PT yuur /alfifr , iknifth iL ub'ud dib 
//WiJC «'fl^^ iTiTd/d/oto ; nkbkb il Kb'aU miit Ai* Uroiher htts t/i^,* 

Hid *auTjt antl bid ^anixak ( -^ bi'id 'aiud, Jets, i.«. iuh &harr 
the cvii) are uacd for tb<^ atiiuv purpose, aa buwa lil'Ai^'al} Ivb J 
*ik<ibiliL bid 'uiicudi tujib ubuli. 

A m^ku goii^rally Kjteutu of tiia wifa uh gania'JLriA (or il 
jpimA'u 'ibUdini4}, M\d ocLik^oiially na buU (or ahl« UGti, or fami- 
[lyitv) , * so giina'tok, Jti\, yuur irf/u / wilikU may includa Uitf 
tvLuli^ f&iitUy — n ift» lu wtiU ha cLitdtvii- 

Tbe wonl bayitd trhi/^etbth it il^mL for rift piir^h. A hauR« 
hiiuuld uot be Bpok^iL of oa nii^iKU.^ 

^ SwabHjSSSeL.aOO, 31;}. ,^57. 

^ It is piLrall^lEtil by tb^ wonl tfc/uMc*/. 

' Oomp. il ^UDir(^ Inwllak, above, 

* Famillyiti u idler tbo Tm-\t* /amilsiam, and rai'tfly uaed bj 
Lbe uneducattxi. 

A Kift viU liH xishI, of L^Ltiirsi>, by tliiih^ wbu luivtt t^i di^il with 
it> ^* 11 b£t luJv^fQl" rnij^bt in»]dy Uut Uiei'o lijkd ht^i^a a doatb 
ill it. Xhv word meiiultjiil should be uumI. 



839 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGTFT 



RHYME. USE OF SmiLAR SOUNDING WORDS, ANI> 
ALLITERATION 

g 588. This figure cwdum : — 

(a) When words of thd samQ origin, L lit of ^liffenjiit partA 
Ckf spaach, are pluved together, as ^ill naturiiUj bappcn in a 
language where loost words am di<i ivinJ from d verb root- Tbiu 
there ia tiotbing dumsy in ^tit^h i^xpvrikftioiia aA LtunLhf^h dartta; 
i^i&tnit i^ *l\s.via. iaaX f'atf decf'Vd fhiit J . - . buwam^iiwil w^Juil 
'a]a mt^qiiula /*b fm^ niO'h <t tviUrad tidih L*n*; iaii fliiejil sljiU tah 
ah^n tftejM/rt^ «ur™J f/t/ hunleii; wfihid "iliiil biji'laid RuLIiuiik 
fi I gab*.l j-iftjibhidii a tiffrm^f ufOrthijtj i'a{^ the Lord t'n JA* mobfr- 
fdjn, and d'^dann/j Hit Unity; yini\\ar jl ma^iar if rflifw ; yii^' 
inu-gu'na Ii citr f^fory novj rtf^rta tu (lit. ou^ r^/urtifti rrfrtrnflj » il 
Ititib knUilr il kildb fla tmitrr ^df^k) vTote rft« terii ; ^ iiur will lui 
nffort be made ir any caeM to avoid tbft fflmUarity of nound by 
u^ng a, fiynonyniH^ 

(6) In proverbs an-l otter eTprpaHionawlioj"e the rhjniinj? dt 
two or mure worda serves Ui imjircsa the meftnin^ of Lhe ^IioTk 
ieoteoee on th« memory; e.g. ma y^'rafghe bO'u min kft'ii A* 
r^Oftf noi htiaw huf ri'jht httfid fnmi hi^ tt^fi (litn /fc* fctnfr.^ o/' \it Ux 
from hM dIfon/)\ kifllu iiiu Lmml W«4a1. ie, evrnj httb; W;ri ; il 
iDtfAti fi t tjifldr wi r Hnbbh fi t Iddbfr, Le, fiuin propotnt artd 
God difpoi^ ; liaficnk httunnlc wi n fuutti ^dzuk your Utp^uo li 
l/Otir horse ; id^ rMn? of ii, ftnd it letH iaku <are of you, 

(r:) Whera a particuW nord U umpluuntwd by ftEKitliffr or 
others of similar Anihd rhj'miitg with it, bat not nureiauHly ei* 
pressing Uie saitje a^dpa, or iiid^i^ Any aeDMAtaJL Thv dtHT<im1 
VFoid ill often identical with the firi^f but Ap^eom nrtb n tin« 
iuiUikl Itiiter, generally t^j^' and oftt<a in u bngtlK'UHd hnnt ; f.^:- 
\X yiliif IcaUm wntu aalAm (of a bonr); dukhiLl lil dasti^r wilIA 
hndfir fiti mt^Tf^d ^-'iffifut rt^ciny pfrrniifttion (Baying dastflr) t/r 
•inrumnnny hU prfvt^t'f, i-On vifhO'd cerVTnt/P'i ; Iti f'-sh Wkja ^tkl^iiii, 
ie, miihtfui iirty rrjult ; hOa di'ka jif^Mr^r/ ; khaitu liiLta ttiT\/u9nd{jf. 
topty^uny ; la Iha ii«fa' wala ahafn* t^f w> lua* or adikiitf^fff ; nia 
^aiidtsb tvaJji ht't \r».la gbf(, i.o. / a^^ hoffi^iets and p^mifitf; Uka 
rifcil tuin b£ll Ugbeti, i-cl tiiupU ; isum bfUa gism; iddlnya baqat 

^ La yn'qal H 'aqli- *Aqil U a fttvourit^ phiu^e &moEig tb* 
fducaUvl. 

pliMuing to Uki E«r UiAn l^iJiirnu 1 ^'ibiift, 

■ (7. HArbt und NUrl^t. l.h'< narriHA of i.wci rflbcl an^U, ^A 
l^vrmiiic lukUit^R foj' CaJii nud Abu] an* tjibil atttt llAbiL 



PLEO^iASM -\ND TAITTOLOCT 



33:^ 



Icdiihii *(tfa u |A^ i%othinfj hiU dirt and mud in the ^t^' : inu 
■huFtiab wifcla rflgil wulrn to^ici i.^. no one ami nothing;* taiuHllE 
mijlm iiAyim (tQI in uabAr t betii) o/a ^ajj-'d-hiune ; ^Vllla fujilik 
wj&Ik 'ayda tvfiu u^ or projU {returrt) i t^^lnu bdlim fi/'Mi-*- ; Luud&t 
u luuddt b^tttlfi fiTtd f^r'jc** ; dus rlu|fhrl ^ e>i a straight tmr : taiiuu- 
hum ^ikkullliiia £. bmm iJt uita ne ^e^jfllu qfi] ti qtl u quiu* U k£u 
u filAn wi *iJ]Bn n tirtjlo thrf/ tJ^^nt on jjmvipiJiff tt/yml pa/pU tttvt 
•it3t/ingf *■ he tdid," end " ilu'nt ftaid," tind "ve •••liti" an/i "/Je viJM." 
'tmi " ouch 'I \?tk" atfi '* /G (tmi a^ ; " wula kit^b vrala. mibkb ma f joh 
^AeT0 U) no bfKfk^ ii9r tin^Minr; fi/t« ri bt/t}k ; dAUiriwrie 'alCli ^ ^uJqu; 
u fuitlqii( A v-arrh-'i f>ir i\\m up hiU arid ifouni 'lali ; kulle htn u 
mill i.iifvy jiO£j? nrut th'-it ; mu 'jtadlfib ribughla vfiT^ uuLshjjtillliL / 
AtfL« fujthiivj a-ha/cf^er to f/fl ; la nhc' wiJa maahw*V nuthiii'j tehai- 
ifuer, iiiiK hall iDulile aaIu irmiidAd ^r^lu slie' waU Loaahwg' n/' 
iiaiy and tutthinif; b^" tnihiilpu utivtefhing r/r other; itinaJ/^tu* 
tnrfib ihim u huJim u xnihtalna (or mibtijiUtiD) u^ tPere tovenvl 
ttiih dud dir todl Od cvt'ftfthiftg hrlortifing to lu ; biilik kjini wiUu 
ibJLiiit Le i/(/nV /a/A- Tivn^cii^ , uia tuq'udsH iqul 11 U klui woLu 
lUlllii wala itiikkfiu tT cdJabJtnl (or iJ fakbArinl). 

So gr^ut i£ clid Jox-» for rhyine, thjtt gi^rotuur U oamAtitn^s 
flnctiliced For it, HkS it<i^b(tddu toiiirldih (for itDiudd), it'udifih& it- 
uiiiilislta., i.y, itf//^ 'iititter ffV <tTrh^ff, a/tifr fujfjvr walk, a mjfa; 
birgaUl^jik birpaiatuk huluqit dtihAb fi vidAOfltdk ;' IoLa I kAaflrai 
tea kAait 11 fukbOru,* 



PLEONASM AND TAUTOLOGY 

J GSP. Thi^'' ttfciiro ia naturJtily vary uomoioa in ft ricb 
likDgun^e like tht^ Arabk% wb^r^ lliu tikuiu lOcn cim lid dreaaixl 
in niniiifoM giLrbs. It i» dtti' uhu&IIj to tb^ desire of the Hpeaker 
to TU4iJc» bis itieuuing oUnr by repontiu^ it in dlft'ereiit uotile, 
or by inmnlatiiig a naktrij term iclo ita oorrftHpouiliiig <^iiri!^, or 
ifid tvred. Aa iu othur lnu^uo^rA, it is niucL moie pievfileiit 
In thi* Fiillc of tlie lnwi^ri'lriMpit^H thrt-n in tbut of the adiu^b^ ; 
f.ff. diLlchflliiJL gHwu d d dukk^ii (vhi^r^ dukbolna fi d dukkiu 
or duklmln^i d dukkn-a vould esprt^d the sain« b^ne^e) ; so kbumg 
borrji; kon tu-buq ipMn (= silmqu) : dughrl fl 1 Ml immediately ; 
G nvr&Ti wiiqt if |uf in the mmfner ia2M(tnj mn bfiiinu u kJn ba'd ; 

^ Tltoy say of a, biicbelor, U 'uuda mmra wiJu Uif^u, 

• Turki^sL 

* S&e Ei^rciBP XtlT. 

' AbovCf J f>35 «. KiuiCltu, tUiugh oflthl b^ raii*i^(>ra (fur 
'), ifiivot Arabit, 



334 



THE SPOKTCX ARABIC OF BOyPT 



i-igi' UXni hf rdttri^i'i . [tji>i\it il [nrvwriril ro*t vu/lt , ahsftn kijiMa 
AeCter; litbuiH fuq^t rnil^ . lAniiitJi hlij.fliiL qiL'Ou ^^^ IteiiiJc ffft^A^ 

Adoin ftd Jmc /Afrrft irt f/i(L-/r7n/j </ r;'r7i ; 'Li'muMt tu^Uu-Ul o/jfdj;* / 
>b'tiS iiiA'nilin / mtar^ thtt/ U to Aiy . kn^tkuW^^liAt^iici^^rrynntflfi 
thi»'f ; I& fiudrltf uiin innt Iv iiirT lU'riJt r'^ ik utijifrntifv fhat I ^: 
'fteliaD ikdnrmu uiutdi 'au£ 6^«iUri>' V '/'i--Mn'f iMVtf, kin a^ttUk 
lAxjui tr>ri)li' 4r/t£9AWi/Aan-^r?rw; lut^ViJi' Allu l^bbuniiyirtnqidc 
bi WdJoU pkutv 0<jd, ttta i/trrd unU yiiv 3A>U n Jic^'. M'ji)jil[iul It 
wjiIiJu ^tt* atom bff hifmelf .- ftna Qj«m 'luitk *© guri inilt / iw 
u icidmt! ta>fivaii, attd 9r\y husband u (/cw/ ; ^ uiuLdC^ toili qvl 
kflJiUixuvjiakKt/ PCT'//t Am uwid; giJUbljitbA kiuit iKKeyiki? whtd 
frfu /t^'i- 77/^ tiiivf buqa liiirii tnjul 11 'olit 1 kul&iii id dugtirt wr 
'alii 1 kftijlm i* ?a.hih w*^ ti'niil [ua*rl5f ti"qiil ll qfll ciibirftf — Li nTUjt 

haudiz ^ih hini 1i 1 K't — kuii UuJir il kbiiwa^fik liuiLaia gih, u 
wm^LihiL liLiutTiPt ^ib mii kjiUFJii.^ iiuiUG^rid hulim tina kuii rAli J! d 
■Hwuri wui^l^iiin in ni'i'ii tniiuLTija ki^ile. We aoamu I lia^lmm- 
hjiiidix l4]iLtii'L j^h ICAJiit 3'a ±Iil£ i» £d<ft ti^lu' ya'nl tiL^rtbuu tu*a 
fiu tpift'4 u nib^e kod«» ijixi'v^,* u IjiUEinfr gib . . . RiktU lio^jluu 
up Uimu mftfiliS Luvu, wi I khmlUiin beti*u yv^ d sfijia ijoti'o we 
taDriu fnOsVit *iOi beLu u uiiii li J Iwt bet&^ti.^ 

S 3'JO. Thtf vofda luiqri, ^HLtOj betiV» ya^iiTj i^s^yiLk* •b^ar 4b, 
nn A'o Ijnvt' :#<flii, lu'v uftf?Li tluwul^' iiiatii1ri?il wjliiuLit tuldiijg Ui 
th* force of tliw ivorils, but Uw lirnttwo, thou^li gi>r»erjillv tniTelj 
•<\p1etiva&, nmnvtimed m1<1 ii ii^u'Vou^ueM or ti'le^'uDOe t^* a ^<iit^Dr«< 
wliirb if lo^t in u littTnJ tribnalutioii. Tt) th^^ ^i> ruHy rbjii 
lua Vikbi^msli (for ti'ftkhiiJitjJO tJcuff in*/ ^atjinif w {jifvfi »tm 
rt w«i/), *n exju'e^sion frttjiieHtty employed, *L^pwifll]^ wliwn ib^ 
i^onkvr is A^ldn^^ing u fiaperiar, without «Dy roiLHin ; tJ*ritf f/tm 
/smnr^ t^a\^ y^(l\ }i^ «nA/, Mj/e he (in a xioiT^tiTe) ; valln bAgA ffr 
mwarthihij, jw Jitiub kuEitf* jAoi miD dul dakbalu* IJ bOtu wuIIa 
LAgu iltdn't you ^n irrto hit hutiai^ ortf ihtif or tomsthir^jt 

Bbvauk n-^Ti<i«f (<»' tu*ru.T^ aad qnl, J'rv|tll u^ by no iu<mui« 
od oomui'-idy u^mk) h^ tbf<ir '^itkvaliMiM in Em^pMkn liui^uii|;wfi 
liut Uie I&IU^ AVf' cdttiii imt4(| j^flnr xtarhs of iij4tiij^.onlun;k|:, ^,, 
«vnv«riinf{ J^n indinvt into & riirm^ «enWiie«, an Oi'^JhA w» ijiJ 



Th/^ cxpcvMon u • Ttrj rx)aiiiii>o oiw* 



1 A inixtaiw of idi 

t nr J Smi, xiv. &. 

* N'itii.*i« ttto nLixliii<« of oouaLtuqUoh, 

^ Tbv lut •entouoea illnotruLe Lbn pi^jliiity gf Uie lattcs- 



PLEONASM AND TAUTOLOGY 



335 



IhW he iuktd her, ntj/inff . . . ; yigi jolJub dild abCh wa j^wqiil 
III . . . 

Richahc b. — llie UM of Mm in nich exprauions as the 
following mny fi^i% be not-iced : dn iriinu b^t 1 ^fr^ you r.Wf fAof a 
/Miiuw f ie ffvti <t hiiutt / dl isiuiho 'arAblja I euU that a carriifje ' 
}'ib<]a ifijitcLk. gihiklublfiiE to j/ou havv bealf^ri me or it in a eaee 0/ 
your haf'tng bvaicn mv. 

§ h'Jl^ TliL* wori.l8 muAil (or inuAklaii) /or tjamfJ^e luad bnrH 
(ctr tmrcl), AitEi tho proiiumJatLl fiutlixen. nrv ofln^n rH|i«it»nl 
fcov^rul tinieH in Lbs t>nma i^nt^iit^j ik^ luu mMJA-lun i-Hh miii 
'hiidiLlc oiivaiJun bfifT" 'f'/*^ tiiMtartcVj ytm {/or iiwinfire) lunt $iftrv.-- 
f/i'"'j . inm\\i yii aUW Kcye Imi^<Ju ya'bl bnrdu m& fidli muij* 

^'i^'i. U**[u:titi»ii luxy it]t4?nBify or ouuvey a plural notion, 
ftA duy[»( I dugbi'l qmt'^ rtniitjkt : bukm hiikm tij-morroti' "a* et**r 
M "/ min Lftmi burm fi/rair//^f amai/; iekut 9^t Avup fuief ; bafiiL 
JMf&l z/ Aotf asinr^litf fiajifviivi ^^ illi kfttabta k&Ubtu;^ «&kid 
owfif/f'tir: hiimmw wifJctln wLskbltii emwniiiiTji(i.>reuiU u 
^ImiA) yipi t fon II f^Q j'Lb C *■ tf?/itfT"-( rt«*/ ch jf/itTtf f " fc'n hnjh.it » 
luiybiit liunmu nebl!lfak mfkira =ki\lle ]^ln u Jj^q laoTT-A^ hittiA 
liLLtn /rr'^r:^ &j/ j4<'r:e (§100); ikwLioi ikwim i-n htapi , kbarrumu 
khi'Om kluii'Aiii ptTc^it tdl i^-'t^ tcitk hoitt«;*^A il qii^ub libijti kulln 
^iujilI 'utjtLl a rt/r*it 4^ 4u^ar ntiritf U /uU u/ notdiet ; diUl yidxivb 
yidrub yiJmb fib h^ hyt ftriking him one Ihw g/Utt another: 
vikliiUViiLtT ylkbiuyAt, yikboiyiiti tiitichistg, fiUCckin^t atitclUtty; Ii 1 

S 5!*^, 'ViiG ptincijml L-luiiau ie very froquenlly rep&attfd with 
a temi'onil vioijuiurtitiu by way of iiiUixlacing a new erent 
L<r>TJ-«i^^iii>nt u[imi Xliv first, as qu'adtt bjyrt; bii'de miL qa'udjt gik 
*(>ril]ii fill-- naS tiiiu'jt^ as lOfOfi nn gh^ hiut ftU do'CU her faTh^ c<it»p ; 
fLtkLiiU il bM, UniiTiu (tEikhalt ii bet tkhuft . . . I wrtf iiaidt ttiS 
h'fivt, trh'-ii J tixnt innUo iJit houac I ioiit . . . 



^ Or ii hof hami'mfd, anrl ihert i# ttn enif of 1/. 
' '0 ytypiKfut ycy^i^» 



EXERCISES ON THE SYNT.VX 



K&D libifl haHlitid diw^, Tr rikAbii yibr&kkibu fi x fukhftin 
«t 1 ligAm ti r rof \g gM. Hat It hirnU hitttt^a sutkar, Mvuh 
tid'tdnl Em'iU bi I TTir^^Hlf ? Ir rfi^l if t&iyib yiban min kiJiunij u 

Fiit^]> (^:Lh>kiti hiUilitfih. Ya rAfil ^ili^ilIiwu^ kit limi luuu fiiigAn 
qabwa.. Q&n&fil Fra.Di^ vri \ MUkOf. Ir nigil U i|ahw*gl quiidim 
iu 1 lahm wi mi^u J *c:&h wi I raaih. Qu] II '4I1L mo^'&lt li bint^ 
dL Fen il 4,'6z il Ij&uidm ¥ Ituddiua humiuit 1 kutl it talit& w« 
i^jiin, K&n ruabn] 'al^Jj Ai>r mm il biiliid, Habutu I i^iM wuiya 
hA^d we QoMi. Ana ma jii^ahhi&h inot arkikb il hu^ 'aJa nar)(* 
balfa; ilii Ei!pn[b ma yiikj^biibLi ^lAaa AurfL^ il Lalfa. l^s*f}^tm 
tikhi\t^9 taXii riliLi^tl il bvt- Hfiwti dilvrikqtt fi '\zts buIO^bu- Jt 
ii^lU 'Andubum lajmna 1 w^id yiddaijif 'O-tiduhuui ji^bl^ In I 
qEihw&. HiLtU< Idu fi gi^bha, ti g^b il gaUublvn 1 a.th^ but^'ithn. 
EutiL tirkbb ii 1 ^orablyit il kubbfl we aim rk&b fi 1 houtAf. 
'iilr^liEL (tJ^At faddft. Kul liliia bikdlit it tuBlirif^. Koit Q idha 
rjirtil^ [U4>lbbbis. Fidil il qir^lVf 11 melabbiii A idhjL, Itbb mal- 
bfltuiUk U biLE-lr- laiitHT^u^k Vjb^a Ul&U idiiitfb min Uh Aiuult tl 
iDVTu&r* Shf^rJi litui itnilfibxLr kui-sf iuJli il Lliriraf&u itu Ain 
i] karifti 1 *iul& Ult DififrfLablu bi 1 cjoabaL il ak)j<iaf- fvLbl^t 
'iahakfbfrtt vd \ikh\0 li&fniQini. Tiihttfiift Ih* hittit ^iihbi», vrtHo 
kuwoiy^ruL- 'Visbt^Q tut&U ffbudU li 1 ludAoL uiiti il ktshir wi 
faalyit fumagll min in iiab^i ^a^iulu ftliurb il tjahwA, wt h&u 
tingiir luzCui il luu^bcLkh. Pt^l it^iibuiu |;a^lji uiin il Ikut il 
^bHrbt illi hQt«& i;|Liirb U i>irji. B&Mh lua fiilbujlin Erbjllw 
vtiLTUfjit talaqbfi. CilbQ Iu duluiit q&r* wv duluiit bt-dJtiiT^ti ««i 
Lkhmit kubiib miatL^vIJa fi b ouiuu. iCuDi« fi Kif&rlvit if BAdint 
11 kaJiC^u iJ 'iLTubl liuwzi iitubiil luia Jt Iflb ni' L hugAiJin vrn iimm* 
I karifln il nfrnnir;! bf^wiL L.idict, YiilUikhiiiii H ttilil triin nikbA' U 
ftb !;/»« jutbukbuMi iibnittj fukbkbAi. Hut ILabuA^'&iyit t^'lFtuE^iMli- 
LbiiLiUtt LirkliiLpi jl luulukhijik >ilH)[b r ra|lL^ (iluk bi 'i^liHii fikd'ln 
tA'rIfa. V<igtb» r tiilKii il muiiikbt^u 'uIa f<bilii il Lhuui&s ntt% 
urfuv yikiktrtlitjm 'luiha w^ i\(lr. i\h:Jli n ukr iitxWiilU'a Ubt il 
I^aUa Lauimu tigbl) \ Uiuiyik. ViAluqu t W'tL li 1 m^'ivit- Vifrumu 



EXKIU^ISKS ON TUE SYNTAX 



3117 



) tftlim fiV) tnbllya kliiUiliHlf aj qurum khaslii^li. Ff'ri n\U\\ il 
InLiii ill! J'AitImm luk/ Dlf 'aK^li gm'e luiu in aiikkjn w* 
i;ut'u min U *^mn. 11 hulqan U hadid. Hat li 1 furfilui wb sha'r. 
'ithi ^\iu)_ihx lILIjU djilubb bi gdljn. Yuduqtjn } TillH il I i;uru \\ 
litijznr an ti ^ui-n niklifim hu ktiasbub v^ yviWsh^u 1 ful 6 I 
r^hiya 1 bagu'. If ^hi] il fflt iti uubjt. Ycbiliu 1 f Ql li I moiytb 
u bu'dSti yt^lTflh, Umiun yiudbbiti rniQ moiyiiu. KuUe yfjui 
ytthiiFU '^ah ^ula qaddl kfayit tl 'v\ik. Ft 'auJok uiu^la^iteit 
f'A'iclH i I«h dhuwAtyit il nialb wi t tuifinit ir putt illl gibtuUum 
uin u GGq L'ltiClium f^u ? IflhtiH II fibviwoijit luicflu miu i\ 
bnljidL iJdt lu 1 ktU il titoiva, li ^abikh kan m-ibfi^i U qulbt; 
(A^iu fukhkbilr. WiLzaot il kilt ^ id dur^^ Hal. Liim u itiJ^^ 
qiidiJi ir niu. QH\h IdumJarlyo. £.iyda, fi 1 b^lj^u. v.-i 6 t ti.'iu 
VD ti J kubr 'un qi^(it il ^hoj-b, v^l ahtan mlubn ii i- dala^;>t «i fi 
t Ithblkb. Yel>1'u 1 lubja il qiiiiij-i Uiia bi qirsLi^ci 6^^h nu bi 
biLV't *>^b- Illi ynbt'u I biwil il aklnlnr vt^n'idu 'nl'h Ii s piknJr , 
yeqUlu; '"ajiluuiiii il wfial tm busiiL" iliv lif^L tiK^tu ^usbiV ii;bjkrf1l 
id^u. Tcbibb il li^iriibu icti "I'D-iyib^ i-ldUii tjiUlXrirW fitfuiii- 
uiiitijJlt KiiuEi \k^ Ij^u't^u jLejuie LUumjU zi'L, In u.'ii ilil 'itiiJubuiu 
il qirsh 'ij.nduhuiu i^h.ib. Min i^ nanu it is sinii*, Kaa mit- 
Jmz^im bi Ehfrmlit iffif fi wu^tu, Miulium yilbiau I qum^c il 
pfliaxll wo ^iltrifuiQ il *a3ba -' fu*-! nifibura ; wi ntinhum yilbjjilbnio 
Uiin Jioj'b. wi luinlmm yilUskiUum min tjufuo biudb II lln^'/iu 
M qtibwih K ^i'^ila bi Sfifirin tti'infii, wi 1 litk^.iu il quhwa I hilw itLiri 
Hukkui' bi qf>rEbk> Wrifik. IdJim mitiht kbamit-^t iyOm, 11 hnwij. 
kkUWA Dia.t&r- Huiutji.l ^LiLrquiTa fi n nftm. Rhudtn a num. 
KhotlLu I b>ud- Aua kutto 'aiylu bi air ahaiPiS, HQwu 
blfiLunir, znm^ni] bi I li'b. Kbui 1^ sbuwiiijit ruoiU min 
il h>n\a. lUrm meo-frin £ babtir il *a^. Hlya dokbuJit 
il 1 khftm^n, II biLwa ddihuw&r li qibll, Wil^d il bar^ 
yi'mfu bii.*<l- Ir li^W d,x LLmallt 'audu siyadit k^lui. DiuiL 
'nnrln itHa ihU* kbibri\ yiksbifu 'ula 1 bi°<t- HummA iii^a v^* 
UQiviii t^itbuui. Idd&nl tuUbtuALaj- bitUi bi qi'rsLiei^&t we 
l^Lfkt ^itdt hi 'ihrtbiLrAt' Li bni jVlti,iii miunsi la rb^^In sbmbab- 
AIm bhufti^.'ib (uiu sa^ib ubl^ mji f^, Fuqurlti ^li ! 'uuduljum 
^ibjit fub^fl- Id dbiya liiirnb^i ^hidid wl uumusbM kitlr, Adi 
GiLt»nb ibft luLli&ih ana. KulHtiit bi Mfat taqHbiui. Kinit lOah- 
ahdtn 1 wi^b^^b. Mi^'^Sc uui yiAtiwL I bud ftk^ic iiiciJt, Uit- 
yruwu- Jidnbniit gib u uiUy^i^si^tr iTiiiibuiu ma. gH^b- Id dinya □ 
ikijjiir rj» bui'iio tC<y\ a umm. Huianik kulluTiimi miituruJjTi il 
gudiii Kjiii Jui'i^b borAdu umoio shutF<t- Sbuf wiEJiebi r rApil 
■bi'ibMii dill, Qiiiiina b }<l'a kbaju&a ofitkJi^* I9 ^<i:^ it tal^t-iiti 



* Lt. kiMit. 



* Oi' 'jijlhi. 



338 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EUYPT 



^Attdu mi'AAfjii li ba'd id iJuhr. Biflba irjiii fad^Ia u dAbiktriiuil^Atj. 
Miu biyu ^ kiblrn. fihum. II nntri \ak '' ya mAlik U s^i'jtdA. Unh 
luhum mEttmiiku t^n^b. Unt Jabum ij liurQiit I biiH^bo- Wo 
hummih 1 goz 'i\ kbtl i( \ui\ia iJli 'ul^bvm mm ia nabiff UffoTa 
we 'tild. kulltf nkf liu^an uuhhruca, ya'ul LiuiCji kbAI 'jilo. ni«Itiim 
inabi'jiiQtt'n, wi 1 itfirrt slyAa kAnii lnh»i|r b^/lln iniiikl ii a 
T^d^rijfLt il qneab u bi ^ ^amblisat il h&rtr t\ bi J kt]Ql_\'At it 
lurlr. 11 ubyat jl lua'klUat yeqiuidiTiifiha kuUib« li 1 nm'.'atm, 
tihuf li ^juubivu bi ^uz kbll mjiMf, Kitffit mfi ynkiLii luffiiit i| 
famJi. U nt-ihi kiuit il isba nohAJ- il itni'nn jna' Itlt it UllU 
1] wUfi*l dai -B-aliid fxiq nis wibid, _viii*nl wi^jid ibriO Umnnya w* 
wiltd'l ibu^ 'uatmra wt^ tvAhid ibue itik/iebftr eaim. Hat It kufai 
JUL ibijpiu hull^-bum fj 1 liubikQii. Ir rA^il gui il runriu min il6l. 
QfllHbii 'Hg ^ikbtiti. Louu bAtiifir H fiLijlf' HH yM' W gaJftT 

j^Hiw HiikkuJ," ^Cifi il (jt^aV t^l il' rfi^J »u l<i\ ifigil u niiv». 
'ttiiE qndilf? !}]i u^rillmV Hittit it lij^ii it1 yn tdtra ^^lll ui^IIil 
kho'H 'umbtya bi h^iln I'nrd. H(u]ii ifimnk Trn^c^a. AliHUi 
rajnnu l taq itu*:nH Id dinyn linrri nUdid. Ziyadt il kUr 
khi^ri^n. II kidbe tna Iflsli rigirn. ALi kACube Uburo trquJ L I 
kidhtu du L kidb. Ibt uTLbid viiudlu^ II )>iuii M lnutU killr, 
IttdiLik li wfLbid ruin il bul:^, Ki^n yurirlj-b Uil'u vt^ra I kLiilwivi 
lubJlrih. Higi' ^-x Idu f&dyiv. K4uii ii d^s ^^iqtiluk 1 mn'idtti 
quydhi fi udt il ini/aairliL, wi 1 bf! ki^u qH^'ul wuy4liiiui fjU^Lb il 
initih^ HittiU^Ti UuUkbl] fi Hglfilitt. Ih ^'iiydM litUuni koUnj 
giua, Shufoa Ifittit uitfit biiit«fiillA kliiltiv, bUiiu 'hU'lwi;fr>K Hyikn 
ti j^uEkhidQdxfji L baanQra, nogrJri ktiiiliv. Qui {\ 'uU mi^iKHiak' 



n 

Ibtt bAyitui vmUyjv t^^yiba xnin bnt noA ^yibln* ^uulya 
ikUlitbrLlj Luwuiyim w i^Jiuu «1ii1. Eaii ujiUff^r 'Ja ] kLirldfl 
iniQ IhL'do H^a uitu il (jhi'It. HuVti' d^l ii i^jiJb i-< AnllAnlyn » 
fltiL \Vn]lH*ii I ^iHbrii) KliJiriia*4 liflkjiridiriinh II iniiiiliVi httit 
mutb wuW. FiLrrii^bu i^ -uhii II u ui^v-'iit i\ trm^n^im W-dlilA. 
F&dil kUniuiiJt F<iMi> Lliiifjlij wi udutt urUi^ 'i iua 

lirUbikl^i'tMli, i|;tiLiun'tk II imx wilibl il liidckil ii "^^i«k 

k\t]lLjbiiiii. YilbuMiEL hidmrjliniik in initEuf wi yt«luiu it i b«jMl. 
Hat hbmk'iM^it iillll iuit<i^G<|itt- Itt mkJrt^ if 'Jmntr'^t ^fi^ftk 
miu kullv J^ikv In [tiL« U fiiu>en«i\a wi \ Inh .,ni> 



■ Ur /inif lik, but not uutrl lik. 



ESKBCISKS ON THE SYNTAX 



330 



^nok- II hnlU ^pkiin xuahtAl fi 'utiUa aljiiivairjb >aun wi 
vWuiyit. i[ii|k4 AUgfittiy^DL Is mi'il lincfnt jiie'n]]ui]TL fi 1 ItO^ bi 
mM-i"^lT^ Uiwill Luil<l/i<ll- N^iuil Ink aaluTu r^mi Wntn 'lu^Lhti 
Iniitbdl il 'iLniiialll yiikjUni ^lUnMrnt kubbt^U II khivikia rmtn- 
iM^bn wEkUjt liF-r^it lUim mu iiilljiA riumii^ii ^Im/ll. Tiio^lit 
f-tmnni hi n^'lrhft hilfl- Vtiqi'ilfi le inin* jiim il kliiLin^H we _vf"im 
iTtngiL humma naud u iriiibrilkin nirri iyikiu i] j^nm'n kulkiha, 

m>a&1 'i K'U 'ijs, iimn'iv fi niijii} il U\ ut- yi^uJU lu rri.kiU'^n wo 
yi;iilliJ> m;n AElih I*» iiinu ^rekiin sa'»<l» huwu ivi ririitu ii <v]Adii, 
yiuikiii ELLbbitriA jiqlKil tEiinuu. IJ hi[JUi }»-tiv il FuliiMb 
HU^riiyiTA ma tkunabft ^h^Uh. lutii hiufivsi inJHlt'jfl ? II 'u^vo dfll 
kulliba '6g> Buqaal liLi^n ^lUAkhir ^ai'. I'^idil kbum^kA 'JaciFiyiq 
'All ihilu', IifiiiTji Kbunn.i>'it ^ibuu rVinil. 1/ riibb^; tli^L ^ikyigt^ 
wullii a^wiiH ? Ifihtartt lewira mrn wnbda. imtr-a fwaUlya. 
Dor&bflLum kullt* w^id dchrba mufrid. fil^uii^ m^qabbil, D^ 
ii'^e tuik vrv liu>bwitbuiu turkl, Mi]H\.va riff^jUl quta- 11 kiliQJt 
df MiiT[ iiin beinm. IJibdl 1 kotn ilkr^i j]\l *ain\ak. Abjfui il 
S:iib ya <[iiiih^\i I 

III 

lutuin b^jinfn ims t^jibm wc iimura kllr quwl, fiuLa 

ni t tajyib iiti 'ioujlUu waiy£k inta kuiiiiUi t^UiUj ll'uillu H I 
wilfiil Jt"i], Id dio^a w:LyA ijiiwi u imbLr dtt. Mtn hfiva 1 kibir 
ItHbiibnm? Boqd In l^Uttn asilu. fi khidoiit il mlH, Kj^u ttlbiA 
Lflivi<i we rukib LiiuAru bi I mnqlOb. Uuwpl Uf^mwib xmn^u 
ri 1 f.'iHgh. Ib aikkii tinKiI U I wAll «^- ti(U" ti 1 'aU. ju'iil 
kijltiba iiuqiir, H^lwrk biriugl wubM aluaiib S T hnj^bEsb- iLun 
II nnhardo fi d dunja we Imtra Q I akhni. Entii t-i*ru.f 'm^bl 
*Haritp H&t WELTm] bunUi min abCl talAttt lUpiCIin, FidilU' bt.^imk 
kitlr? ljt\ hnA&e ahahr itnen kcdt, K.'iUit aivytja "luablju b 
urbA'a kbAl. 

IV 

Aqa titu TubJlHh il hud quTti ii le Looak bukra bilx^atfAkknrTkl, 

KrUi wiK^LibiL iij!u«bbiL 'ali^uoi \e liLonk tebfidd/br is sniiilillq is 
tA'n siUa bA*d \<i diibr. Ihna gti-ilti u'i 1 Kt t>el.'kj]btim j^jinbe 
biinn. wi hii^k 1 kulk (^^kiktu & hura vnihdjL. It|'Lid<.Lnl qui Ji 
Ali^kn, btyo cili il miui'aJa d1 i ti&rae ^di lU boa ^anzLim miijiuik. 
Adi nbu 'iJm^if iv f'i^ dn \\\ bflwA 'nmrniluk, <3ib ^i^litoglml 
'■ktirliroa i: bjirdii krtT^Ur kb^ni illi intihi'^Vd'Li- T^iiib ndlu 'irjft 
il miu'tUa hiy% Ah. II kbu&lu'tb dib myLtn ti'niil'^i fJqit fhV 
QilI lu: *'>a'iikbE nui ft^ mu^iab auHoi f Hi ? ' Q»l lu ; *' b'h 
jA i^MiV" Qui lu ; "*tuui ^linrtb v& 'hiu inAtr^b abdt ffb." 



340 



THE SPOKEN AHAfilC OF EGYPT 



^AndiQA biknya ^hurl^A. Eh biya? Hiflrlfltifc 19 Aiilllo ini liiiklru. 
Hill ji'mil li all t^bughla dl? 'jLQiJt mid v^uiillu. IaV. Qiid*\&mu 
sikkit is &hniii:% ne tiikkit in tiAdfimu w« sikkH illl yerOb n& 
yir^ji'fih ; li ii'lIi hhvia txiin it Aiklciv illi ina Luddirih vii'pi* mfcubA* 
It \aiiii' yi\\]\^ Din ^imcL^ Smn'tf" Wia^ niswLn br^yltklmiiqum 
waiya biL'il, Tu^y iutu ma ntiLth *H'irif ilil *nii^hni? Ma iilIhIi 
DttiyB li&pi ' T^\ 'iin 'tflh h/iga nti^^^Alis.. H htifiu boiA'tui 
mkbiib biyik' Jl hiuuni' ^b li riglu ^ktu. Iddi-nfib-i miu 
kA0it ion jiUimbu, Qui Viau ^u} looiu' illi utQ 'jiuziiiu kAra. 
[Ili l,init filial hh shATid ]t[ vff!\Alimn. LEt'liJini huinmji Itinfii 
£ W^liihuui. Td¥]i'Lhiim kiiltnbum mjkiigmiiiL huiniiui I t^bUtA, 
illt <\&*id 'ulif- kiiv^t wi 111 i^'id ^a.\a ^wan — kullidi^im (tuMin. 
Hlyi iri]\ lii^b biutukum? ^Wti, vjl ^ittt ; lu-i^ib j;ria 'thriA llui 
wihbl 'jirl* kiiwaiyia. Ana bjtsma* kulle iitid Hu bt^yishkur nil 
kitir ^^a*!. Qid iibn : " liiigit tb JtU -^pK-tlliiL luaf" Niba^ti 
i^yuba W'lMu miubum wi f snldXa illi ci^'i ^fLndik qtili tbn. f«v!n 
kuxi vijil^tl minbuiu y'li^i 'i^uJiik miabuiii bibrLu ils'uJu 'an U 
DiAH'ikb, Shfif 'ftiiifii I'L. 11 aitthhll rlU him ^iii^illii fib dih. 
M&bu iLEiu Dm iviit^bo ugl 'a'^bau mitbtUb], U bh'd^u il waIvI 
tuitmu ruhlt lu ws qulit iu. Qui ii : " ilU *ftUE kaJxi qir^LT" Yft 
Nil&[iL u Hilliiu ya kbi vi I ugra di keUr '&l^)tt. Ffb mia il 
*A\ u mill id dflu. Wi J ^ai^bLylt biinitiiiblbum il 'urbii^yi. 
D] fibilirtdt iu nirw^ kiillilju r1lr; yiuihiti yekua miiibfan 
'Aaliiuii luik tiflduqj^bv niinbum urabdii. Ma ttlii|[AL teshUt liAgM 
tqltit U-kLJd U'lilbi ^iiv'l. Fi auvrul ICLi lUA twuWIili il tHni. 
*,hl il bint ma kitiisljit 'anJubum kbubrtr, Hiitifdjil li hdftft 
mi^fih ilLi nuk ubu AlUh. Miubum ii>U yirkubam khiyill wi 
ykj]|Liiiiii lubijln luiribtim yckuo Ubi» jj dimtr vri fib f^birwiUi 
wo iiitulitKii ytikuD I'ibid il uiuiitiilou liLrrD.ii^! : u miuLuin. j-ir- 
kivbiiui ibi^hll u miubiim yirkhbum bitniir. Eotli- ma |^A44tf 
yx^ yL'^im^i ^al'bum Y'i vkiuI lubuiji: '^ kullt- amit vn ttUun 
fttiyiQu/' 11 klu'u'rir tjiiiihum yi^kurL bi i^iu-uriL kuU\r wi ^iik4« 
niim »brlrt uiiu t^u. Kullf munbu minbum yl«JiMrl In aU 
'jUa Jinsiili nirLT'gbiibtii- Mhi Wdi^ hAb min il fnlUililii k&nu 
inAtbyIn vti^to sikkn mm t^ikuk Mit^ lu'vil'tikiHi iitinibum € 
^\i\Xaiihum, fi> (iris 'nb'hiJiJi ^ruubiyit, M& tiflikirr<hn Ivi iiuin 
biiMLn uiiii in nJl« il fiir^nrii ixji h/ilIhejj «}mknUu irui tiiifnUh- 
IrMlliuijj 4j0>ld(5 iDjklkiini 'iLUxLrL, Till vtikrm liAlii' luhujn yi4i&- 
bflbi^m Ui- Yt'I^iHl^ mill il mjJJi tCx\ mitt Ll li'jb Ilff 'd^ 
U-ili^R< JlEaU NlU mill a l^n-I^ khACiii'^b. U ftikkii Ul] fbAtl 
niliiNn r^ljl fibrt- Kfttlit nui yil^.i^ii in knn niUi ^Lklu^iL Vhllu mlti 
kttbliAyiVtH Minhmii )lA« yakftn il luiinirjil <u2lE 'aiifJulium y^Ufffth 
£ bittilcij kbul<]ilD. II wiUj% 111 \i\ya wiii|fu r|wUiiu«k> 11 
^iJcliii niA 'iriTiib il 'oijv Hi huwa ^uiy&u bub. WoA-n' in Ttaqli 



EXERCTRES ON TUE SYNTAX 



341 



'aIjl qndJe ma yetdt ir rjl^ll mmnU' II mntaiB nizlit x&yi d 
rlurbijah ill! jeiuE dAiiI Tnrn h^^it Wt biJi id/ill ha, Yifldftru f 
hjttji watyiL tk^n ii^IHa liii^bi- 11 tftlbo toiDoUl ^ohibbo yoirulj 
Waijn ^hbu matrah lux vimfiM^ I£iifj uiati-ah mjk yi'^brik. 
KiilU^ shA IfjIi wjujt. WftdtlUiu rAnl niji.(iii}i ma ^ilii.iha. Tl 
wjiMd nJ~an mm it Hnt Am t^ul lak t/'ir^ tcqill iLliba.^ Is 
eani dt liarriba ^hdM, Ia ^aWiUwik wisil wula ^nw^lbl. Jlli 
yisraq !L bi'do. yl&rac^ i| Faj'k.bfk- II qirdo ^and« mninii gfin^^,!]. 
Flh pfenHijvit id <Mrig bpla'bwin shnwaivAlAlisan in nAs yifiikiru 
ioDuhum 'runmlyn. Ma mi^lsb fulQa ill& d6J^ In Idn mia vrrkljn 
nta wALid Apve biifdu. Mix qal llsh *ala aiu (en- Wa Jli, 'alU) 
(IftTnlm, DiM Uila jigoija, Agptyib rh ? DU "ao'luliuiii kliamsla 
stuihrt mush E^irknbnm ghtiiiAy. *aiik iisilcmi fi ^ye ht-t in kfln, 
*acia tiahtirl 11 [kwAva., Min ant duLkun ? min oy in knn wflhid, 
ya'nl mill <\vib(i ^iiikkAn in kinitr, Sbuf lioa Cyiha b^t Id kAn 
^n^bfiij U ^nknii. Kidliihum aiisukb min biiM. Ann 'ju£ «(i^ani 
Uhnkb- T^iyib wi dt vagarit lubakh, *ttltin n'pkbugbsho fi ^lintAk 
hndjiHWAP *t\B. kflra gat fiha. Da i;b€ yi'kmu Allfib. IlQvi ok 
bj^tkLAnif| vjt!y,lku? Dawibii ma ja*rafsho Mga. MId bOira^ 
I>b Ui hina fi ^Ij^:<r. LAsiui limii&'u 'an kedo, I^% bi khUf 
k*w1*4. A»1i 11 ilifia *aiiElnp. Tta'jjtflhe gih wi 1 lijuj! ma g.^fifa. 
Akbi!lyu*tt.udu tTUun^mft^iu^h* Baamu^ iim^jUl ifti^ita. Viiakin 
luaiiffitu huddi^ yckiiti yiqiab In, IlJf gab da 'ftti?i Tdi^l. Aeia 
luiBiJia' kull« miu k.li:i bi^ytAhkur flk. Sbuf ]I '^ixoblya tkun 
k'-EnriiiyUii iri kb^Ibii ruiyibji. TlnMe ma 'iriFna 1 widiid l^muu 
miibadt- Aol rjlium kuwaiyU? Litn^ii imi^b k^iwaiyidn, I*a 
^A laa AbtifurLWja bi 'udSaa wo lUdn simt*Qu D^i jeq^lH 'aohu. 
iluuiXDA 11 umlrulj wAhidf Xa'. d^l jl gilm wi d>!kl £ l^ili'^- II 
waW Ull moKh m»'ri'lf inmu d)i, U q/ir* vl idrU iUi hllwa fib 
mi»*»nwig a fill Ju^hrl u i^nn jikhcUr we bftwa ttwtl. Kimi 
bryiqitllibflh min U gaob( da wi 1 jranbl da. IlbukL ' li sWiiijit 
(JiUkb inin f-ye ^iif m k^n, F^b uls b^ i1 knlb 'Andulium 
iiigU, o flh nas yinaggisu pismu kuUti, _ 1^ |aiyib luli we U n 
t\Afi, Ki r nidt H wahdu> Ikru^b il *a]iim did il wieWdn mm 
i[uddAm bitmi. Ana bokut JeU fill wi Iclit 'juIh, Inta li dkr 
w Finn fi Gkr. Kdl& wiihir3 Hhikte *im it Unl. Add^ hik is 
Hi^ndilq bi tflla wulLi bi lit f Sh ( Imnbl wuiyjlb ma;r:L|) 1014 
yiruKhl. SbufJ.uImm fco? ^^buftiibniu fi irmh^iUo matami qa'dlB< 
ITumma tii^ii ^liwa abaau min ba'dabim;* Fili vriiLid baJiuaftm 
yt^btikku \ himlr bettthbiim bi mism^ dAkbit min 'Li8.\yji li^miha 
imkhkhadya, La slid jU». ma Juh Akhir. Kullo wAbut yufltibnf 
atAKi ^audti. Qui mji, tq^l. 



Of DEI impi^Mnble Ibing. 



< Or idbiiVh. 



»3 



THE SPOIvEK ARAmC OP EOVPT 



Gib fi rijEl it hu^n ulafa fidlit g^fa, LaIi-u, Yirkft^b rukabto 
in Ic^ub r«ru.r> an kussm au bogUa au htui\r wl tiuiuu m&iiltJ 
hflwa wi 1 kliftilfljim hfltfi'u- Iqfil ish shftMI>1k 'nskiAn In jii^i 
'tiEor fi 1 b^t weJa yitku-^HJir' h^ii. Hnuil il '^tHoia v.-i ttj:ll>iiuB 
miL* Wdioib, II ma^ikk illi quliiA Ilk 'ikL^lm wl> i^ulti !ua 'iUAIia 
buiUihu qmlerijbil Ilk, Min bu'dtr tii» kIiu-iIuui 'iiIh 1 uiiibla^^h 
Lihl il *iu-i^-^ii, Diitihv'it umm il 'iiHiii vi \ 'urEs w a.hu I 'arls hiiniTnA 
I kuU, ve khiuJit ba^djlia we rAtiit il hiirmn^ IJii^iLilit umnuhA 
wi uiEtmii w ckbClli w abfllia H <»iLk t^hnyji. YirniAf '^it^b saoin a 
tiukk^r. Ft gntua'a iJyilf gu.iri 'auduJiuin- Tiii\ibf i^^Urd^EW bl 
J mahr illi Luniniri t TjiltUIn ^ur^b. 11 borlm thJinikhuin D&xlln 
mil] *ft]u *arab1vitbti>TL U'& fhik.LiLlum aim gi^v^l bjib wi tu^uubum 
dugltrl taVin *ii.s ^lEttim, ^LjiI lubum in dt^L 1 fari',.V]b- Uia 
bfi'iltv um (ili^ fiiq il Wlm. Kan wiujuha 1 bai'Em ga^bln l&mftu 
we 'a^rinu we nmbi \ kxthKiyat. Kinit h ja^harSt *Jftyrn fAq fi I 
^Arlm- YiBhtii'i Ihu mrutAgfa Id kaiut Efttdu^ auiri kj'tmt libl>«* 
N&uiln 1 ^ftfeb il *arbci#rlTa iniii 'alii 1 kaiTUwlt, TcrOb LI tiuTiiin 
we guiba U b^t it 'i^idt we iililihti kjuiulii wni.vJltia- SUnkwitlu 
ma bu^lFbu minbiL ■uiutu^k. Mia buMe ma lanim it Uiliill 
Jabhiir. Wi \ mar-Kika ba'Jv ia& tiklili^ ajiu id <hi^ ilt- 
'iMbebb, HTti ^nkhdimi u^rilliuin wi boq^biabbuui. Vifdnl biMM 
bfilftin nd-\>ii*^ t\\'n 'ubi I'lkhir inh Hhubr, DubiklKt I fiibtil il 
giftJU^a ig gAK/jLi-In Vii 1 u^Tk ] fuo'aijidu, Fi I '£d il kihtr U 
TfuhriAii' tidmb A » ^LibJi ii ti d dnbr u ti I 'iahth Imttm tikbUf il 
•rbn't iji-am bHfl* il -^*d. YivpMlWn rfil*ii qukijU* uJjt il ^aIU 
'■mt^Ti it ;jLbIkli iim yjLkhudriljK t,imi kttr. YifliujN I r^arji 
nu^fL^ri. VikliiiiTHtQUiL J.iut hiut iiu huJai| hBlfjj). Viklnirmfti 
I qnr'u tuklid^ ]iiv[i\A\. u WMi^u jipblflb gbalvvit^u UJiu 'iik 
kikufln^ 111 kdiiuiii yekijuu VU illi ra^Mn yiiklmu, WiUIa* 
wihu kb&flf'L W'kfluu inBlyinbii miu in nnl^vitfin. Ba^dn mtt 
vilintu 1 iLrd- bi L iimJ^U yikiiii^^utflha Icbu^llCr vri yir-iuii I biv 



il b>.H 



f il hniatn Miri 'aU ^ il ijilt* birjiba yi*ii.uwiWj k<^tr ti 
urd l,iiiUik viil**' fu(| wintjhlLlliii. KIjijI'U U1,i*»ii yiijj^bliii 'idq%. 
Rru^ut tirW ill diuya ruM« kbafif we buimi iiiulii mn^Aju iiuifil 

Iftwiya.* HidkluiiLk lUldc mill 'uU kA'aL Zi*il >n*jj Atiidldi 
Lbu rufsiq bl wuliwl. fijtb i^bnk Moi^ t Dk'd'i- *'^ ■ ''-iyv 
■JkdlJ qawl. Wukkrlu ibuwai^il U^lux- 'nobdu y "tii 

\ *4n Uh tfifnlit la. Id duuiiV ci^Ut ehzq *t}tieb' iiu..^.. . ■' 

> F<Wadt 

* Fur <|ftw1. qiivlj^ D^;reeiiig viLb um^Aiiu 



SSJOtClSES ON TRE SYNTAX: 



34^ 



l« fid, 0(Liub gvuA'H uiin u^b^u. 'osL^n t^L ^Vah kull it 
ta'ub dlh 1 A*rtifu mi'rilib wi^U^h. Mo. t^tdchuialitt kuU i1 \\aU 
ihi beyihlUl^ Uk, wftlft kull ir r-igi^j ilii bevir^hih lak fi Wi<iL 11 

K^ye sJmriU't ifi iiLr. K«tlr uMf oaiiihiim nafiiL U SAdan. It 
niiita^f,vii Hi UUtMkH dl Liwiii|cja'jLk. xtiin ^ul huf4u. Hizx if fo^m 
iuixiiUn ku4«. 



FT 

AtjH ukhuiIiill^itiuemftrhuaEahe euluU. RI^IakilEiit miii^Eif;! 
\\u. Ma t'li'Uiattir JhkUud hiuldi) miuku aJduuMiuiu, Kashaf 

*a1 t'l^ l^^:llli( m^bdhlJI^ijLt LLU^A^D. LuCQUklt tlgll t<ikblfl *BJld] 

biuitiiidink liiku UAgi^ hilwu. Ti^mil mii'riif va tibi|a in^i^fi r 
fi^'^^U, lUi UbqiL liaLto^Lfkl hiuii. yiliqu mm^i lautuiik vi-<1udduui 
yuJiLiiiJuiii l>i liailb, Intuoi uivWdddiyfa il kbupifhiLb ifn ft^ut 
Ibna i^ii^lb ni&LtA^UiLl '^alLib buki'iL, K£,ttAr kburii illi }'«kim 
li wikU^lii wi ykuii y^jdbCLf dhu;:Ll 'at.i quddti ki^<]o. Diuu tib^fiiuUc 
lA^il l&i^ib. LatiLuMiUiu lliii jijiu imliiir it tubU beyi^liUi^biJu 
II fntiLliu IliMiJi f^binUbiL fi 1 biH. TjiLmmii abiiftilkbiuii U^vibjtiim. 
lull i-iLajiEia ^ ijdt' 11 blr, ktukUah^, Girt birib Djin il lu^liwl. 
Qn^jkd y(*bib wv yUbtiii fi kullt^ bi^^n luitt* knaub bi mii\ k'^Hf. 
Silr yiuujLi«9i&]iri A i^ulb LI buLid. Huh 'iLtidu wi' bClwu uu 
yik'nLfflbL* If! inn ii' I'igil ila gitfXvt. Qj'twl yishrflb S 1 n-ihwn 
Urotmt li j^liAyit iLUvf il 1^1. A^ua kbuJiJdiiiikk. tib-lL 'uiidl biim. 
ILit liiuv 'ttdbd iAkiu juki^u il ma'lctll tauia w^'Jiid. D^kkbiJu 
ifujwojium fi 1 fjiiii^im. TT^i'ml biina ralrvtt iyiVn u Wiii^Q torub 
<;ini| i« FiiU^An wu titq^dim quibiiLUiu wi tbils il iird wn lit- 
'hkljktiftr ; yf^^ui \iik . " gibt il bi;;u, diV ijul lu : '*bn^iblm 
bukrti.'^ lesjlwuiij w&lyik WUnbum vo i|jlIu ibua tiuukuti'itu fi 
■ aikkii «i liAvii. gXy miu 'nud ubillL 1« bii^Au kaji iiiijizibbth 
ma Wlilifib yt^jtJ n(Lr 6 1 bjd:id, Qumt ami \]i't,*^ o^rt 'uLi fd<| 
18 HiUiiu boU\' il kbti^ldfimtii. AiiJt tuu bfiLJsibki^b bit<|u]11 kudo. 
Htya kAiut laiiJiyit betiksibbum nrljk'u al^b. LiiijAl.ba jLiayn 1 
kiUb. QjlI II Id iuxii giU-rtL il huiiln ktitir- \Vi ntn yji "ji-mnii 
MbiLniTiiiiH (jiiltL* ''h fi 1 inns'ala ill i T^kbidil biililc, tun tirifiisb, 
tokbiUltki fiikrii ^dyib, SbjillJlmra yigii yitfa^daluin yisbniTifc- 
fum 'frcidiiuiH AiiJL ubibbo li? iiaiik tibql mab^uliL TjmJb, aim 
ncil nst-'i^fbiTii niiiirm 'iiiiuu. MmlHi lu fdu vr^^ nth du^-bil bJlyf^ 
hck^ In tbu AlliX iCiibbuEia \ ibmik iT ram '^ciOii in rifi?, Iri |^Jla Ilk 
KAbbuiia yi£im&* minnok. Kau iri^qtib^L t kLEk'M^liri btiti'u^L^yib lu 
] fpua^ betuhlpU v& i^^'id luilhiLibW bilii ^t- mibLitiutlL Nidlua 
nii'id "nbi keilH. EnLa r/ni^j tunih wftiyArm wMlft fMil binal 
\\'i*qt iz lAtU kanit U ^iiiblya megbftltl^-ft b abAl wi DiFj&n^ikiA 



844 



THS SPOKEN ARABIC OP EGVPT 



Tf*iK***# bi ] fu&tLiatyn 1 knviuyiB^, Kfs vebutti) fib dili u rUlu 
Ia w.mAh AllJlb Iviiiut iik-lib Wfikl. Latuoia |;at iCdid i| tnajtm, 
Yeqi'iiDu 1 ^irJiD visa'dfibLiuk vi'gtiiu wi yikbbij^u uitiyAltum. 1» 
ttlU il fAll»iKtn illt ^eknmi yigiim hina f miL^r illl ydtcrinii T^hitli 
wi iehtii'iiiii 1 btitDiDii yiflTDn^ii 1 kalXm min il balEiH |i?LaQ« bikkna 
9 ^jilm. Y^rl^U il ^osEur <Iithih il ktiiu-uf bi Mu. wd qpibli? TiUk 
yirujLshalii a ^iklktua 'jlU ruijubt il kli^u'^f yt?i]M: *' bi eni'i Wkht 
Allnhii iklihnr," we j-nnil^ gflrir ifl bikkli^a intin^t<'Ti, Tir|5*'« 
yifa^p:»^u Hif U qoTDiibtt fi^On llfQ^. 'alji U\l nn yiistivvi L fiU 
yi<kl\aii[ix gbiiSDJuin it tumnit ir riisi. YDgibii fiu kLii Vi'kiluA 
^barj'iiilijb ntif) ia if\'i. lAzim tiaqi 1 EU\Je ballu ymlflr il h\ir u 
^enabbit u yitW ^nla wi^b!^hiha, Tinmmii vadllr 11 vhIeiiI wa 
ylaibba', Fidil ir rngil nftyjin wj I katbo inriiu laininn dAr n Ulh 
il fnjn'- Bidal tna ota qA'id hhtr* jihsjku temli tiridjib H I bnkTm, 
FTiuyilk Allrlb ! Nu^l/i mii(uj'a rLLruir'n'a. Mji Iqr'ii^risLi gjiril lu 
IjAgiL. ^bAvir bi yigT, Ada TTiE-abblhrL min ^ii^^hre amiubAp 
Tannnk uii'ii^lij di],^hj-t 'ala i(\} iaJatni^ UUir u til^a) ^vi t<^iii Iftk : 
^■jirltr)!." SU»i-Ui icin en J iFtakornrt 1 (iti«H g^iut y^untf, U 
kiliDii rlt 1i^tituiti<i bi 1 1/ wjtila bi t t^? Kxn 6fi}ii- yi'A^'ia xA^i 
t n*n\ii. Mil trjiiltibo U hndd aTia 'nmnlte Ic^^ n ki^'lo. K*D 
hru^qihi^ tigt. Ma lliiq^hf? yig!. Kuniw miuhyfTi rjitloitlkia. 
IiiUl ya ^\n' Trt<-rakk\\> i\ pim^'a dt] T Rrin ni^|tibii lamabbih ' 
'nEfyk. 1c» intii iL^alhq il hii^n bi 1 '&rab1ya. Bi uibub kiiuiB 
i\Ay\\ hi yirnii L vjxniqa. Ita kiinte niGvtif^lb 'tin 'ura-blyiL tiu 
kuntuUh mV\^} tiafmna. Ti<:i ^adH, 11*& tkun fcinaii..* Efi(4i 
tJrk^b ^irulrtyiv we tftimion hua ! kull caeiaumiJifii fuiwd.. Inift 
mhrbftllif Tn1nbi\ 'lyftH Brdilrk tistiLbrtui 1 nufKJk. KhIIa y6m 
knnnn Li^fim wn ntftar fi 1 tn.t^biib. 111! UiibbDli itiir^n y»kuii 
RnKbiiTiik Ulitbiim. Fi 1 *£bjd yu'^ur it- rufinuiltJ fi btiqn il 
wftliv] kriMe y1^Iu \infAA tntbln u btujA kt:ptr. Miti Aei^ 'anoak 
hiu|fji li]iil Tf hSgti ti^yi i\M Hi] in fibinbhft paTt niylm. M3ft 



VTl 

IiH. kiu arm qulU Ink Ifj inn id dfwfln iW utiu flh ma flhil)« 
KhogM Kh ^ntu. Lt^tia'tilat 'ak wu^uJ HaVA iu kuu fAhbnk 
wjkUa m kbQ qdJ'lbnk' Ann ii]^iji;!ib 'IHf witU niJi uu'tHb khubnr 
in kfimi 'jiuMu wiUlu iut\*h 'uuttu, l^fil isb nUij-lAbllc 'ambiiTi [^ 
jigi 'iifnT ii I but wiiJft titkflABU-" J[iig& wttlA oilLU^ Inttuh 



* Ftir yislilinim, 

• Or a*!! U t*n«V. 






- Pl*i]nirr«'t 



EXERCISES ON THE SYNTAX 



345 



mi'lk, Qfilit 1(1 \/i kan nhfllc yiflni Lnnat jjhihte mia i\ hi-t f 
l^itl lihiL: kuittiQ ni^ul In trim ruht agh^b. Bitik- in diLkit til-'attnL 
hh fihjiina wi Ti *niyA(il, yir'jwl u- ni'^\ wo jinitur il ma"A;i. \iy 
kJlnif. Tia'iU *n1ftyi4 riU[l ^ini^uhl 'nlr-yii. Tn k:in liViwii walla h1ya 
lifjo lui'dw, W^' I'i'i »^ nnirifl Cia ehnfnfish il bint wo Iflfcic 
ifiTiifc Fn'iiJiiqniL qiMilc ^uii iuiiil^ kuwAJycm- *n]a hri^ib 1? imjinfL 
HI A kiiimiyrhh [ti'^nLfhiim wnln IminmOi lua ^'i'li^fOu^iflti. lu iilcI^tlitT 
wnllit run ilili^tiiilsJi Imi-Jii wi^il. ^fa fkbdffllif yn. wuljii wbIji 
tikfclinli[; tun fish bina Uli Ct w nbflk wjih. rm Hsli liaridw 
chifcHb ^'lion^iii, Abflun in kiintft ti'milfi cia^rflf wi tkbr-lldDii li 
«/Jj(liim. liH kfluuiM jia"!ituaj 'ito 'ambljflti i^ul lu^iiun ^*:^pbu 
*rtnhftmift hnn, 'fwiyih, ana n^ylj iiddt Uk tihnii wubfU, ^luiharn 
ginMi ; isfi kiirx khrtlliuak mn ffsh mfinv ; ma klfcallaaakshf', t<^ye 
mft vi*gibftk bftqn. W ndlo qulti Uik 'uU 1 qftl i» aiKlij iUi ma 
bii'ilftsh 'UTiHi LiIAm. 11 khrumast^shrLr tjirnhB <1M yikiulTilk 
walla mil i^ikjilfiik^lip. wi tkiin mitbaOt wilIIji mn Ckiin^bo 
tnivb*fl( ' Ana mn. kn-ltiEh minnn l>lpfi ^piilh sbTribt*^ midim 
liA^ vaW [ihliniiliii miTinii MgA. Ijimniii n ofi^ it ti^ivibtii 
JB tmlliln v^Ctlii Ihum : '^ da hiLrftm 'aL^kCk ^ Alluh >i|;A£lkfl," 
ytAqflTiiti Viic|flbt Ibriiii ; '^ baiiiTii h&lfit, ie& lotn yi^azxihim Ktb- 
\iiirM ^valln Trm vi'Jtr.idbit'ifLb vibcju t-'VO mo- yfL^tif Yi^Djil film; 
we ntnuijt liiti^ ma Ikl\«h dii'wa liua in kuuciii rn^am mi uiftor,*' 
la inn kjiiAhv^ niiiu^'Qil l^innii U^ludl we \Lkun mu <;»i&b il a^ilii 
beU*u UtLbi yt>kiiTiehEi tumh li sof^Jini wjibt n'kun^e ^'ih Lt1>,V fi 
■ ef^q, wi vkuc wnc|tih]i muiij^ftfl Juiufm n^ulyik s^ii'ff'f, i'j tir^hMrl 
RiirmU Ui!LWJi, lji\ k:tu ma ItnqAsh luueh kutiti? rlau^iirt? Ill 
kjin mn IbumKbi^ khnbtir yi^iiiilu vh Xtaqn'^ GnhC ma guhtisb 
nta yfiliijiiniiiiM]- Sh^fvifah 11 kfllb il TDakliib fi yJkkitEuiS Ma 
'infsbn 3-t'f^Lbnt ^h> In knnto ma iitiflli irusiLrldaqaf, Qtrtf 
bikkbt wnlii friilliiti flba^iiia.^ Icih rolit aim ti^hdtii mn Injh^li 
inta. Jjiit ki]i]l.e rt^lum Inniha bnttJ^liL laiu kiinti^f cirgbub ig 
fpimKx. Qriltl li kflri lt> iuDfJc titK|a tfakkiirnl ^nlii imii rL&K^yah- 
huni lu> Ita kbulti.tfo bndrt rubt^ Hr\wa ^a] li qui inTmliHin 
ki^nu niLyjiiln uii^T, Mutfh t;d'a1iin kii'aI bi 1 inn'n^f ! Zt'iyo bii^lu 
iu kjhii qiikknr w^llit in Ichd Un wulls ii kiVuit kanimttrik Ana 
itbiiftil h\uii kAn miri rjiin^Ti. La yirbuXTi wjila yikhnllE riibmit 
lifibbinft tin^il. La gili vruU Hhaiya' khftb^u. la"!!! nic^^arrnb 
niiiri tU'al (nbib. 



' -.In ouiK^ p/ lTifH it teartJi a jJor/mV cf mt. 



346 



TUB SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGyPT 



vni 

*'r«yih fi^ii^" LOzim tifakku-Mi 'haIlAh iihip H-;lk jI mAht^ 
bukra, IdU l^h b«q^t OM gAjth il mufuii li ^bilj'it Dulmr ydm 
litD^a yu^n! jibqa mWih U hadd u ydm it itn^nY InUi^tivUi 
likiumH dLr a Libis liJ^Elmii. Ba'd^ t&oiil uilt^UauS lumLu« ilir u 
frih, LAzimtil ^wHb T.iwitiMlii t1 bii^t^, liiih mtmnli fl biifAji 
fi tuftiibl wi bqft Ui^fiU "ml buC^ Lnmnui yibqii ^iUubdU aum 
bqa C|u] lok- Bo-'Jiri ^babum. Uui yom Qjhhitkl itiiL-a ir rt^^^A 

miD i1 bJr. Qum 'nbbi 11 Lu'mlriiv Tifiui I b^& ih »k-u 'LirtliAnt. 
U giiktiua di iRiqa Ihu I^Ut ainln mil tfiit&bitab. Ehuw&]^ ir 
I'ApiJ b'tu j^'lia. Ir.ii'j li icui ubqa ibnc Ut-riiH w nrkob bitoir' 
A^»iu ue'ftlliiu il bOt we lu^Luh liib'ut luliuiti. R^iiik^u fdnl 
Rumytu I buhr. Baqot makn^sh 'u-la itliir luifna. Hultii le inM 
hHf\C-\. okhud bUlimt^n toUta fi khiifwa wa^dA. U ba'dfln glh 
abtili qiira qn'ftd ^^unbu. Wi* buqut il *ftrrt.f(i mirJt il 'ml*, 
Qjuuit itUiHit & iiiilfLyithit vl Lmiyaiit bi L Iz^ir b(ibili.Uu wi9 khitdit 
buMrfuh 11 tnniiih£» q^i^mft '&1]l bnUiu.^ Qu^nt nDtx u rum )>ii!ibrftb 
ilq&buu bo^C^t laiLL'i biutti ^u^iiai^aiii. 11 ^djiU biup mikbtiKh] 
qa^-J Iet inuii ye^um y^ul M^iiyLihum. f^iyib, &□& Libqn ddib 
Ink min WMd dul kbadl'U min oJtliLlya, VdlU. in kunt.i1 nky^to, 
tii3jdlilba4(u, Fi I flbeAD dilwaqti IJiiim bu<(«t i^ullub ir i^igit uoffu 
we mx'jilu. L4iim ti'niil ma'ruf wi tqul liiuk biupt *m.\ il [n«4]ftal& 
btjak»iu qirftJi. Yit&ujuu bi^wa q&'id yi^liitunt >vci liuuiuiii t^'dln 
yiHtimi'um il t,'l(una, TaumluiliuiiJitiiaUliiqqfT£jiiiidAiri'aniblyii 
il 'nriil^ri (iJkttTL. lo iuiiulium ddrtizn kiilluUum u-l' rnuwiibum 'aIa tiirt 
iJ ^nrls- Jtjiqfh r bi^buHt daym Q t sikik. li^l^it nakiidib 1 mn^- 
tnuia 1 ^ihHi1'> 111 qultu 1 LJjVftj kidb hn vj^niel Ujlipliu *al(k^ 
(Join ijnl lihuL " Yll wH^'a i»tl t '* qniiiit \t\y9^ dktit ; q^ni qij 
libft: *' tfktl ^jhbuf'iDu am truddi 'tJv_%a." 'Agii i iniibrnmiiiJniiim. 
I^lDEiiii jLilQr u \ibtwJ. 111! j'jbh yi11ri',il bipL/, yikiih ixiijii fi i 
|ftbli>Ji 'kIu \mMti ju.Lhbdyikldmiij lu iiiJiLibuiii kbAljlii i^l dlvCin 
ma 'till fium^bo h^i^tv- Anit biksa'ibik logle Jiitiv, Im^iuiii. vKkiin 
'hJiiW [\figi^ tibqa tha'ldnt, KbiilUh *Wi it&t batTA MvlfLr u yutlwl. 
HfujAt qivld<> gma'ik ebtfq tjbuifbEu j^^y; & iitin, u E>iLi;|]tt ti'mll U 
innihri mMtt ^aIjiIw, We I^i^v^ik 'uU l^nub fu^bit.* aIiiuu iiMd 
uuiuiu. Aim DJii yikliulkL^iUnb ttiq'it^h \ihm wuitAyL ^iWt lU 
ycJcdtiC ^Mii li ^if^M- I'ldlit tilclibiv^ ft \ bub ti tirlra'T fi 1 
ff*nj, buttu rii/]iirii iLhl il bM^ Ji>i.i^\ bi LAuti \y^:\ ili* 

lul«L 11 biib dli baql Itl kblujm^ljWj.M' xvui -w jim 



^ = TiiABbyk dnglirl VlU kMbn. 



EKERCmES ON THE SYNTAX 



347 



'tA^id *fbi)rAD, Ada nth a^oiil^jitj. Nixil biyiftdd. Kan b&^i^ 
mbb bhiblak. KbibliaJU 1 lihrihu 'al& iunioD mn Iqr'mvbHb, 
(7* A ti^^ wiilu twiintiit wi:ibabiJt. M*l yehuuRh© 'aJth jii^rif, W« 
lai] iztnihA. tumour. liAH iziu kfttinhe lui^l 'uxrn kttnte mbt. 
IzakllnUkidho yioglHu ia eidq^^bhaiLn. Mush Umsbk ii ikpJ.ibnJcl 
n in%(ir mueib iifl<Uit Ewa LadJr. T'uyib, incLI. II kli'irifc 1 
nuwil^Lntjti illi kb^biL liji&fiii Mya Hi iibAaa. Miii hi^Au kAu 
otm Hd'll ftri.'^b, Min Wda ma IcAfiit huttddiha itn&Q gin^ 
ii.l>hUtn Itbiiniau- Un tih^'lbbfU'l>^L 'ali^ya, IhoOi bADltg^bb&r 
"jilt^lc fi ^h? II b^b ma yiftaLfJie inio bort-A Eut! nislti 1 
wtiftyrt jlii woA^i'tiik bMu. KdHub fi i tpigArA itl [Udk»tb. lilkin 
bnku'<> ^^«- Hi^wii 111 jUainnLiinm I ktLab&r. In oAs yeqUlu idd 
ahl il 'iri^q bitil' il tigl i1 t>u[u4l bi 1 vur^q be^Vu yih^^J minuu 
maufiVn li n na^ar. KhikilJ ^uhbu ji^l yutlubu laLiiDt. IW|& 
lE^iEi !1 liiiM-buHiulilii. IiL^uT-Hsh t>Lra[uL ^itiula. Aoa li muddit 
^'uuiSii Tuu shuftG^b, Iza bi^yittt? 'aliL sh dbugli]:^ ill hutl^bab 
fUdi. Khu^lii^h tl i^dn. tJhiLhiuii dhuL vp-lhid, Yakljnlu 1 liu;;ar 
lEiLu i] ^uWl wo yiiiivA^UQb il babr^ Lub niia 'attd^ IMAmia^ 
kiille y''m fi>£bEf^ IbriH id,iibbe li^ inn^ twkun mu.l>4L'ir miTitu. 
'|Hiyib,_vui;id'!iH. bftj-dukjittavkbeikuoiH RftyhUinyiukkibuauji^ 
tiiu Kiiu StLi^ui. £pL '^rrafkuui biyii ian! iNl^il fiki^ib 7 II vralrul 
biyin'ikl j] ij^lLwh^L liiyequl lu . . . ItfaddLiI It 'itnhaliik. judum 
lilm'n wi n^J'ti4^um ; bu.'d il 'luibji qui In: " Ya akhl ioUt miii 
BQlii UU44 r' latu d^'it um hiulafulm ti 1 btr «iul etilj^qillu- 
Wi humraa boyitfo-s^buiu 5 1 gin^iut Itiqu gOs bjUfiilm. Bu'ui 
li uuitu iJ bamlt, ^4bliii. qui liliu, U bti'd^u ym h\yix bitcjul It 
kede wi btiii<]ith 'nli-yaqurut Htm halftab li ianilm bitqut 1| tii'uH 
fi^. Uib H xvidm 1 kalum jAv illi biya bLtqul lb Simi^ta bii!«ik 
wi nU bedaUiiM It Mu kliulii»ti^b U.-sja mm bi jl& t Muab tmnii* 

.IEaUuiI *aii k^&iiL duU Qubl 11 'a^r bi yigi BfL'a. II I^Ufiiji tU 
EblUA; liUiiii tixuunid In I '&ltq. Ir rigil da abnj[l n^. M& 
jebuddbi) ^ibl^yu Qkul H b^t K^6( t^tuk. Ivukua qa'nUtu 
Llija ^ibolt; yibqa kuvTibijia^ Ttimau itr tola^i^ kboniAlu sA^b , 
kun fill kiUuit migvvifc. aui-itu yebr k&r^. iU bt^iAlnh 
u bf'tiu bugFJ- Kulle kmu yoru viyl I Betigi-i Ip'-b lamtl 
Kuniia klmyfiii la tibiub lumuix 1 bint. DO] wiUd ^i^miue 
bii\L Sulle vibiii miubuui yi-q^dl kjLUWi oliikl, U bri^u lii 

i4Ahtt mrL li^n Z^d wv 'uluiu- v.v R^^blb,. 'u^a kullt&u uJihnri miii 
tt&l^k L'lijuramnib im^frii ^iyiblu. DbbbLU* lu 'iUa unji^h, 
Fiidil ^ibui'Ti ''uu khibdiitd dcu]A')4 kodi^. Ihna lis^a £ I LaL^u w 
ftbuvn uiulub li> I^ii kiiU tt^ld 'uuul £ 1 li'b vitniuiauiiLk ^balub- 
tiTiir It ijAliLni yiitbii^ 'llji [\ 'lU^I. II gbiiui yt^gi^ i^liAir. QAn)i'i> 

ChnWi" Li 1 gt>b, tiJiuFtahujEi V Kwa, tuticvuhum fuyUn ^J^hil. 
nj yital U gbAyit il ix\ biyi^nf fulQsu fi 1 U*b vi 1 qitmiir* lil 



5IS 



THE SPOKEN AR.\BrG OF EGYPT 



tlinyn cUlmtk buhl. II bib yifUih bahri. Lihiqtu wngrultu fi I 
')£t. Ihnii mftLfrtn bukra- 11 nriic d1 uiutrfl'a biif^tiri walla vb t 
D6t \i^^tit t^iqrtbt^iL. yin «liuftiah ilk tti^ii a^njiiiiLljuni ' 1«k. 
Mishyik mln fs ^ikkii. illi nnliyiti il gnbnl nora bH ^ill Ba^ha, 
Gih g '^nu zflK^ftWAj irUdo zaXa^a mistauf i va qnwl- Tidlit **ljib 
habta lemDu ^Jb fi I b£t, II hu^ilri da buttu 1u s)* 8}iiiU JAbfl&Q 
yibrud. U wAbid jnJniiii kamia ^eknn ma'iulba jbnti kli^moifl^ 

miL^Akfhi ^tei'i Ibna kbaddtoici lik ve 11 biuLk, Adi 1 btUia 
illi ^ajiJi illi i gArirtL 'ftdt il mn^riyln il ugQl ^andudum j'igi 1 
qAdi jtiktib il kitdb 6 \iGl U 'ar^^t- n u^^I illi liu^L^rijIn yimnhA 
'nl^lipi. BAqat Ti^qnl 11 ked^ no tirj,'a* tequl li Icpdo? Atri^ mill' 
buMuhtuu litD^D. Kan izi&Hik ngl^bn tindirib. liikhitA 

rx 

Mdt kursl li b mCI tnq'u^l tj&tii^jab. Qa'4>1it blyn : mii^' 
ba^de jh'l qii^odit t&l^bu Iba I qe-bwa. IsLLgblit il muhr wi qUii! 
inn il m&hre da ktlr, Min b&'d ir rlgil ma siuki' knlimL 
HuDima 'uuzfn jtstik'nifu bkum wi ntum keiu&u mwih 'ukizJn 
tUta*nifii bhiim? Ita qiiltl iKh It* iutiubnm iti IcJVnum riggitii 
w&llb airM. Min ba'do kulJu w^id minbtmi itia nidi. A&i4 
Oi^ttj rti iito wAqif S 1 bib, Havbia [w'^iJlm bicu yikti(> liiui I 
^aw.ilr rfiiJJiiiiitiii. Kullti raft gibt ruiu liJl^a f UHi LukhiiribM 
iiita, Qfil lihn: " i/jiyo p.^rik U iTin" bijiab^ibidfkjt mintiikl 
Irkhi ilri'Uk j^Limbu mitiiLiLk. Ma ti'mildlio kark^ibn mio fibiir, 
liji^rLJii. Ojiubafu wi ntA t^i* -ni iiU tih^i. SikiUjA lu, duiclini 
bl I hutniVr-^ A'lillimak is Birqii, t^ImUf 'J'tk H ^Vbf, Q»tba 
maliri^q 'hIb Mu ill! mlti) lu. KhIIm iij4 bii^l n-i \^\yx »\MyiH^ 
Pntdb 1"' dukkAn. Liih ibn 'iimrad niqi^ il riuirtakldr. Yt 
MUnidiil ^n bal&ih ahLj^bh Mauieb qildir v#} li ^itU (iJ^fR* 
Biddt ikritAqmb sjkkft tkuii qEiruivilHi. Aem buiiU l>i ri^lnk iri 
Lita niAsbr Qum iibQb kliB^b In bint, bintc r^il ^oiyib, u ntiihnf 
'hU bQlm, wii qui lu WD qui I nmuiilia kiiinf^, q^l l»Uiiua . . , 
Viiikbil(l}i bil umukhul. Akl IL 11^1 in dIU ku^vAiyui 'ui i^ ^^AfL 
If CuwAU A^wnJ min il loiruw^tA miirnil/^TL £ ^ iil)> |f ' 
yiliibbiJu wi L fjLijimilrta jiifui(»riiuum, Miu Im'^v ■ 
nljitu iili hwwB t^Wl 'altibA* Mh tu'/ilNb vi.i' 
qftwl, ]r Uiiiu im khTL bflwia ^Jn'iO 'tltki liV^ v 

'AihAn ir rQ^^il jrimkin t'i>kun ^&y tii'bi^c tuin ^^cb^fJu n*i ^iii 

i For aunmAthatD. 

1 I>. m pevv kim an iiKh and Jte Cot4 om mU, 

* /^. li tiftfftu. 



EXERCISKH ON THE SYNTAX 



319 



miniu'dlii veruh Jjirbik bJliu xviilU bii^'a ; uiiiiJj U I aL:i)ui Lek-ilm ju 
h'mtt iuu(L'u li go£ik. Anil ya^ldt, Ua libuno, ^i I uuiA'ii *utTii%tt=, rAp] 
faql[% Tim yii^Ubisli iiiiLi ^uij'ub in u<ut wu-lu a-iitq iuluIiqeu wh-Ik 
^limbirni. lEjh'dt< nmu'^iLJiiLJi mush h inn, Te^iiI lu yu'KiDDif Vh 
l-iUiivkiinit iliiml^ilJiic, Aim. bid(i(i)fl.kb[ilUu unhjirrij* ^pokun iawiil 
*uliL 1 ubWb Id ui^ ii fiiqArujifJja1.il I bum uuqi-a b Ma min il bt't, 
wi jvglbii qiiln* fiikhkhuT ivo ji^uiifl fuliis-bum £ l.itUt kbiJju^i:^ 
qiuilmu, wi> yirniL^L:! £ i|iklbtiif|irbiL nt* yiiiJiA^ilD bi tli film 1 i^irlnL 
ft n tiuqm, ui; yij^U^(il 'al^hii IulI^^a, vi 1 bala^^i teknn min sbikle 
buJfit U ddiL, wir yilj^qu t balatb bl kubbit Umiut ftu bi bbwiuyit 
lEibfl. Idtumut tLf'ikd id dui^ya wi 1 borqe jibqLk jubniq ^i.'t|lllfL 
wnqtiha li]i.s;iTi finikin iin bin ji[[illib nun AUAb yekun bib ia 
bama maftdh, £i«vp & lult ig gum'^if wl' yfstig&b mlimu Rikbln^im, 
Woqt il nki yri auwul ma yitqtuldua yeqm ii m;^ : '* hi ami 
Uftb ir Rahmla ir R^lIulu ; '* u Uuiuia yi&Lbft'uin laiu iI nkl 
J^jfilft : " ll liAnulu li JIuh R&hb il VJumlii ; " wi ii ni* iUl iim 
j-wjOliUh kud^ j't^^illQ l& itin Allili ^ma£^il li b^tuuiium il qtLhl, 
wi yoqj^lu lo ianiihMUi, icindjlm uiu diunujujib^ 'ula L okl walti. 
tiuuLJidil^b KabbuiLjL, juiHujA yuklfl. luiu biuA^ wi 1 'af^lt yftkiid)! 
1 hLlIc cnin ba^nuhitiij wiJa yibqA^b W^t *ajidubum qun'. 



X 

Ifui kin lins^ti miunji 'stu yiHbbirl HAgn. min aAq> i^ye uijuitl 
eiiq KLjin il EhiUIit, jei-tlli U wilbiU U 1 h'^yi' mio dfll, we ylf^il 
Walyili uiiLAiLlELLi fii^^^uiu wuUl^ 'iI^i wi y«qul lu : ^* Aiirx 'uu^ Ja 
^siggM^ Jl iii^btulba minuak/^ Ytiqul lu; '' TaJyib. yit aldl, 
iQurbuUt ; dik hna tib^tl Wmi 1 bar&ka bik." VeqQm i\ wi'i^id 
ywjLiJ Ui : " Ainu yiln,rik flk." Yequl lu: ^' Ta-lyib iUWra^ 'alu 
Hi tiUi ^uutu," Vi'i: LukMtj niii tf&rrog U im^u 'uU £ ^ig^VLt Ull 
li'gibu y^qOl U I U^u-; "Qui li iihayU 'ilLu 4kbir tuoiun." 
Yrquk lu : *' If^il itAyu nta nLit 'A\ii, ja'nl ma tikbtidbbh/^ Yeqiil 
lu mik^iiliUi : " Utta qui li qiibla is Ei^giidiL bi k&ml" MiluIlul 
liuwa luh y^qul lu: '* lii lamtlii gin^li." Vequm bi euUib iunu 
t^n^ttd *iLUdu WD ^ab lu £agJlii q^iliw^ yujuuj jiUjalm uleh la 
irmu yi.*filtu wi yi.'njb yisbtArl rulu gberu bi tsiibub bhurhu fi I 
tin^An il quLn-w y«i|^iim yuqul lu: " La', diiwcuiti ibu^ ba uiqami 
U bnliLd iiu^^ou ; kWluoak Witlla Lf Ifu kbattofuk muiUli 
niflni^ ; ulia ddl Ink il khiimiiaUt;ljLU^ giufb w Lthqa lubQimk fl 
luiibt U tiflgnr. illi ulvjiiunl ; nrui bqi ^ okbudlui miu ^iLfidfl.k " 



ti(Awi'iL^>. 



Sc AlULi. 



350 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF Efi\TT 



it iHiuan da ; auk biddt ak^^tt, ma bidditdi t^kli^JU'/' U Wd^ft' 
i\ 'ivlUiid )'e*.[ul lu ; *' T^ivib, unu. ibL Ink sittr^h^u-*^' YtHjitl }u : 
"Yifuih Allfth/' "Tnijib, wtU^Lur u nu?*." "La', ^irxikq 
AlU." *<T"iyxb, yn sf^kh, iLbulluHnk HiLlvLhtdU^fior ilU i-ub'?" 
Yisqul lu t Ifipr: "Yq akhl, in^ luq'iidtihj tnAHf lit ; Ij*JA*Ii 
toeEtnkfii ; Jik niUftb hbira. dib iUi ntA LctidbE^irlh." YcqQoi £1 
wAbiil tuii^H. Ijt mm n hfiwa vt^^iil k«^dL> u yii'id, ymiiwidu rub% 
wi jMjul lu: " Khalla™k bi PolvnhlHiEhar walla la' T' Yw^ot la: 
" Buqu ma iJia'aktihL" KiyMi 'an iEsatinhtAsliivr dCl?" Vcqal 1« ; 
"Lft*, Jut pb-JTic wolida fi 1 btt bi aittiabftT U nu^. w aim ildttnk 
dilwiaqti £k,'trkl& nufqe giof'h 'an illt *iiiiiliiiiL Q 1 kit^U" Y»^^iiL lu : 
" Toiyit*! ''^iil l»t ya ma yi^suwad ; Allnb pkiuiirjbak ; hit i] fiOflj ; 
kliui^rfiQ Ic&Bbin mk&itu Ludilma hi*att wi a daUm.'' 

XI 

liA kaa wil^<l khflditu sh ahums, jl nhton ^iklioUl wJt^iid 

yid'&kiE min unutu ni vemHAliahT tdu fl r^Kiuvif^ dnbru \i ruftbtu 
hutta yitB-lla* lab sbamK ; wa hlya «h abAnifl tibqa inkihbbiba li 1 
qQn K^yi I 'inftba- U Wd idda^k yiliiitiu ^abv I 'iiiabu dl lOAmlll 
we ylqrushObf* bi Htuuibiitu ; teqftiu ish nbftina titaqqe wi tfapq** 
£gyi 1 b^di till tknn fi n tiAi^ wi yekiin r^ 'al«hji a eina, D 
bu*d£D yc^ba Abvaiyit moiyn f iiugil q&hwA, wi y-id&awibft 
shwoiyit mftlli ti qfilb uh fibuwaiyit U moiya, u bn*d;ni yiLuU^I 
1 inalin' fi widjlnu min il moiyti bi ] uiHJh ; wt auwdI nw 
jihnTlflhfl In yingidi' "nlu gjinbu lih shimaj, w© yihm^nhS la fl 
] widu i1 yomio ; tmjliiii il widot t^nshtoj^h si^yi I Uibllr. U*adl 
ttA . , w sb, an xSyi bedn ttAsbiJt^h 6 ? &amn 'ala n niit. Wi 
jsqnm min *ala guubu ^h slijia41, yira-r-m^h widnii 1 }'«iitii; 
t^qfim il iLK'iya ti^^alTA. mri widnu ; Eikiii wai^tibji yMtm TU)^! 
I moiTA fi Idii (Tukboa itaft leyi I iaor\'a Hi tkiin bltijehil fi ^»Ibi 
*iiU I ktiiiAtJ, otin qnvnrLt 'AXm ish eduunti. Wi> >injtt' lAuf 
^cinAiD 'dJiL gnribu 1 yimln; Ityjuitj tif^itl^^ti il nlJii il Iadja 
i&yi I uawiUalyn: wu dlmflt'hu, baVio mu tltiit botubntm »« 
ItiUiSc 'dJi^li, lt?qi]ni ff<r11q. wi h^vm yt^dq li nufniA. II tn'dJUk 
yo^lbi^ Ili sliuwaiyjt LmLfin baladt. yiL^nl Itimanl^-n LiliU Wkdt 
ULUEflb^'r, yisluinHlii^li, wi yHnaiyimflh wi yt'gttat|ni] ; j«qw 
jifbnb fiyi^ i^}i 1 huftn, wi yiff-nh yi«<a '^U iibii^*li)u. 



^ ForliJIiuiM. 



EXEIinSES ON THE S^NTAI 



S51 



xn 

Ypqftlu a Ens IcaoD it ti'bin illl hflwn "iuiir it \iH lal a\i\ 
Mvcn c|A'i(l 1i I bet flbsan bi ) rvtirULU ihaiL ma n'^^iibeti^ wain 
h^xvn IcntnAn tub yi^oaifim^i ; IniuniJiiij^ in A££au&linii mJniwitJ^Ali 
Tciium wilirtu U^ ijiii?4lbi:i til&i^l hdln fSlut fnbikL wuElu iuu'fld 
\ekLni fth labnn yimkin tekun iplmkhkhfl fih : ti wftf)t<* nm 
Wklkkbit bi tinuikk-hn. ^imkio is\ylh tl mstaJle ji^vuin iin hntid* 
tuin vUEkdituin ; wo Dmma ita k/ln il iimdn ntA iF'e']urm))sLci bi I 
'ufamir illt liutnaLu. a Ditkkr^ti itU Lummu b tu^lblJi. Wiihr uiut ye'- 
itiizlluimhhR wsiUmn jenuLuwitoho iiiitihiun haga, hmiiPipi mkhriri, 
Ji&iifi i£it k.iiL il Aide nijiktifaftf, )'^kflTin Taetafzin ^■^'ll x^u.]|i 
veq-vrrbbi^ lubab^ wiiJn ^'obukhkh^&b ilh itaIq yi'mililpb jL^lyn fl 
1 bt't, ubiulan. Wa tJil ma yiixi'nduin vre /i^auwilu ti 1 l/^t wci 
j'ifqiau wfl yfllidmr jifdolu 1 'uidjth kullu m^hiflTln ^ii]PM. We 
fjh na« mill tiQ,a il t^uiliu ^eqillum <to1 ^umuij'ir II l>i;ii|t. wt iLbson 
mn ukallimhumahv svnJu niilrribhumahi* wabt cinrhiiwittiiifDSbe 
li?intmtuui ui^kkli&Iiq, Uikbbumi kLjilir|liuui bi rwi^Jj Jt^yjua ; we 
viiiLkin bi hikbub leinuinn tujl c'a7:Elliuiti^bu vta.\n hniiiiTiu nm 
V'lUzQnAeh pmkiu ill] £€^t> dOl ^^^klkitjui ' qtirtuiuLuiu sa^tui 

i|UiiuiixbmD, 

XIll 

EjkTniU'L tjWaUJit ti bint b^fhshnrti abAhn leiitnibn biiit ; nui] 
ftbflhn 7,\'\\ shuwfiim leinuihii bini ; qftmo q.'^lfl In : "T* nnl 
intA bpt]7'al ^aU ^li^n ch ? Ja 1 bint Hzqiba bi n:;fi^/[i»^ we ftmma 
I vrUrvl bi mqe wSliiiU' Hinii r i^il, lamnirL tiiui^ ij kn-lAli] dn 
miubum. luiutotl Rnbbuua we qal : '' Il butoiiu ]i llnb Ilttltb il 
'ilomlii, iliTiH mihtiirrtiytn l>i iTi driah lina Rftbbnna/" U mha'di* 
vilA<U il biut. ^'Ihrj 1 vmrnilut tjilnlt igwKf Bifikb ii faH. ii \m- 
qnm yidbubbu ILii txilU^ yrim fai'kbn, wt ^uni il ^^irjin yib.irkbn 
Ihu ; we InmnLA trkinm is MjbQ' )ri\biJ Ibik ^Ituwuiyiti uiiqli.^ ^ala 
kAHi sluLin^a l*kiid]irrtiilf wp yeqfbu Ihu flmiyn wo yHiimfl flha 
shuT*Miiyit uioiyii. we yegTlm Ihn qiillsL (letnn il niflulfldA bint) 
*c vthi.it t it bi fi qjilb ifl Tfatitya ii talnHirba' flhnm'ri', ii qriJr^huTD 
u Ijnf^tibiim hu^nlt^iL il qal]» ii Uiiinubiiiii quydlji IrimTu^h dAruxri 
wi ntiifuHr, We fi TLiTwil Ji'lit. luu tmil?idit il bint. h^i^Ti^bn d 
rJAyn Ii gliitrbAl u hii£xitba f[b iuiirnkf,dii tuljltJi, vvt> tnim iJ bint 



' /a & double gift froni Gd<1, aa Tie will provide for livr 



fhiihtpnunce^ 



35S 



THK SPOKEN ARABIC OF EHYn' 



pit id lU^u wi (IJu )liu BliH^s-.tiyit m&\U ve t^kq^ikqitUuiii ^ ^|*K 
?<huwaiyit il n;u1ti) 1j vni/fl il h^i ii ; u l^Lutiuit U}ia nnba' 
t&mft:it^i^liar 'aiyil^ n brnjitm kiUle w^iiiiil ininhmii DiJisik &Liun'4 

Ejftddu ^a.'sLar duqjiy]i| wi 1 *iyiU IfklJu $U i^uiiu'l-, liflfukLOJ] bl 
hixikithumH wh kba<lu kuHe manlku Klmiii'itii ilH f Ida li [ufm ; 
we gibit ill d^ya. ^buwaiyit iiU4j1e min iiLiql i^ sijIftV ti fnrTBqitn 
'nla 1 mrul ; we hXyA kitudit LI fiiU|| u khndit Lm'ilEluk u Unmb* 
iJLiLsLya 'aIu WtluL ; ii tamuiu ha^tt I VfiUda wi a 6ubil' bvUr 
HiUd il *»rub il fuqani ; we dumtMia bi kJi^r. 

XIV 

YeqQlQ le inn il 'irsa lammii tigl iCdM teqiuu tii^AT lihft 

oh&qqe widJu {Eiihr, wi t^a«]iabi«k Hk bi sbwi^iyit ^Lah-v a^yn 
diHm '^i-i'iiuia uiIlJI yidljLiTuiu bLa ti ui.^v-Aii, wnlU tij «buwajyii 
khuli^Aii 'uln ^livj^iylt '[i^t'i ; n liu'd^ii ti'Jiibici liluk (I 1 b^fi hatta 
U'tLkT UliH 'Ilia zuiijna wullu meeLakLbLqn wullu bhlik^ dubah tM 
ru&svir rndrlii yvuIIjl buj^gii' b\ 'ikru^tu ^i 1 *ibrO^ tltmi miii dfthftb 
bujidiiijt> H't! Tokbudliuui 'uTidibb 11 gii^iibA. Wo 'n\n ru'^v* 
Lj^il In rirc4 1^ iunik^ ma tuliilHh^ ilk 'ilLa luat^'i^h iidii dithiib itu 
tuln fikddik- Wo LlyiL livLciniL ti^ 11 1 btit to-'^Hn^ tihrukit pi^T'kha 
wjfiklm iii/'lii^t yilmili hhn 1 bCt kuilu min f^i.| li IaIiI, yi^Aiuu 
^]^b il iHt ye^Lilu Iku : '* ^amiinik Mfyuaiaad 'uia^" yiftHiru Ut 
iuuihn tiltiub iiiiu il Idlmil dL 



XT 

Im k^r^ yvkkiti U'bAn luirr^iiii illt luJt ykitn«lta 'Hiuir il 
gny ycv'i^b^hB min ii kljub wv qt'^id il cui>bi*U iUI >ekiLU lij 
HNkiii ftbu» jvLLHuJ iuu yiktiifu ^uuir il b{^l miu bi^ld ymiliii 
yukknig fj'iM' 'aliL 1 ^kjtrjb, wi ytiiiL itipkiUTOsbu mill riEti^vit £1 
b6ti " biiVk 11 3'irgEi' Ktdua 'uln iculiru^ ^v btlwu 1 ghtrib yitcjkin 
inui k]j('fuj VII ht^^A ^Ad yt^ttii^tjliv, \imkm yvi^l il i^Libifta 
tjtilAbtU ; u wai|I.iliu i/jL Lhu liiJfvVu ytikuh wA'fil >4Gr lukklu ifAiim 
y*»i]iim jnkli^idbwwi t ti'bftit yiml ye{rtf|rie yenn'it ^iibi >)i£n U 
gllbvm illi kali majikt *iU» imrhA. Wi t ti'bdn 'Ontli ai^-hiiv pw 
yighdftralic j'pfihiVf min gb^r il gCluum } wi n miln 1 guldbrv 4t 



> Til tiTji off Mm (ivU py«, 

' Ntit;cti ibjLt till* uiuiLnilino in miiiaiikiiifU tbotigh Uto cbild 
is iij tliitH (.'ttTHii » iriil. ibi' plimw b- 1 ^ ['tJ, but uidAiiitik 

L»>uuitfUiu^ >tHi<l, IUi'^mIAc i« h u ... Mutd. 



EXERCISES ON TUE eVNTAX 



353 



: 



Ittbbiina yi*Tllift li I inr^jln W4 ^vnkLuiibjL we y^nilj biLn li b/!tii 
v« J'c^b hjhbbit Ttkddu, wjiIItl li^t^t wo jihuftuhtt fi wu'&yrt 
fukhkhir uu babbit nisliArn kbii^butri wo ^ ilmtt Libit m fi Gyo 

bum we jirnii (lirshe siigli tjiht ig ffflharn t»e jigha^tt 'n'n 1 
EiiEi'fi.11 w? yikhrkLlih li mhhnllo mulit^kkif > laf^lv ma yibijil^h *u]r^b 
i^f'i j]$b»h iff pubb y^e vikbhif il mii'l^n yr<ti1m yilB^qt mm b&'do 
mii kan ^^i\ q^r^he wxh^l j'ilflqTKiiin " iciij^n i wi n hnt^e IiIUb 
bi 'nshiLTU yilu|thfl blttitOit bi *u>«hiirnt, wi n hnire riyfLf^ jrii^ijj. 
hnm arba^ riyjllAt, «e tunou brLqn d i civAdn Jutuida ytihu((d 
wfiLdd ytUUilbuai iCuAu- 

XVT 

K;in fill rfif^il Wl- Luwu Usea n^uu^Od mjuu ^It'lmtunjikd, huwa 
min Daiaanlu'jr il Rihr-rn, u kftii inuvin w^iyu I ^I'oh il inglkl ft 
muddil Iju-tb 19 Sudan fl jhiiiiililD!, jNt'til niiu mviddit kihiLcausirisbrLr 
AftDiL, ^ve kliiit wu/iftu giLzzJlr ; wu i|a'jtL) waija J ^6>*\i ktilln 
A^qt ia fthfuH^vi, u Cdtt Wdilm mtiJiJitr tulutt ijrba^ ^Tidii tl s 
RflHAii, U bimiLiu hrUibp bMnnu yi^l ji-iilflr *iU luirre Mu^r w^ 
yimuivfth biilfldii qam raish] fi tikka 6 wu^( ig gftbal, u fchTi 
>'etflb flLo ; n kttti yuq*url mjUhl jsbjiliivifc tnl&tji lamina ^u^a] H 
wfldi iMuu wSdi I k-iUb. ir ri^^iUa betft" iJ luLlnd kiUb «H nukwAn 
betu'ltum buai ildam ; 11 binima wu^il 'iLuduhum ^limum gArylii 
il kiiib *ttl(ib u Liffiim bawa|J>b; u ui^iid mill il kubjirH b'.aiih- 
iiMia «kivij»* WL^iid misi (auikfu li I funjik botsJ^buci I^iiuiu yigf 
J4<abnf Ir r^W d:i 1 i^lu^rlb y itf ikiiiig 'Mh, biumi hfiwa rA|;il 
l>Am fldikm. Wf^ lammn gib i^ sutt^n iffAim^ 'jlU r ri^il u RhMa 
tt Utbbbo Icmiia ^'dmu *iiDiiij vi \ akiibir, illt buiuinu I 'itmad 
bftii' il bulftJ, k^Du 'midn nikhrta yl'timftb ^andiiLiam^ We 
IkLmma « ^ult^ t^l^b yi'^imu 'undu ImniiuLh t'iikbkharum wj 
A&lijnj : *' min bri'd^ luu vtkbW i.< tiTil^ln mm 'itiuTnTn EbiLn kiMTiAii 
ni'iima 'nuditai/' Fp i^^Jj ir rtl^il ti tilk il yftin wi f tilk il l^U 
VLhEiOQ 'iitid lA ^r4u, fi 5 diilt^a bua^Llu wi d&iu yr& tkruirtii '.-lIh 1 
j^biijH p u Irdt £ U't h BultbU u i^bdb li|ir '19 r^ubl^, 11 gAbft bi \ 
i^iihw*, sbiHb u iibiijfiti " fi""* i^ "umwi b^til" il halad wi ^h- 
WJ^um "is sidtfin we qilil lu : ** N*\hu™k ai."W u mbtrnk, y* 
n'dti Iff iful^ikn : ihiitt biddin* niatft'^iE itiiniiak leiTiniua nAkhnd 
id d/if (lib iindlfii 'jifidiim/' la frLLl;Ari rjnl tuliLiiiJ : ^' lEfiidditlrl 
kbudfib," We buinoui ktiadllh we dAf^h 'undub^im in kinutTi 



* Omiutitikif (fi>rmu*tLkJf). 

• -bum pefemxig to itu^. 



3M 



THE SPOKEX AKABIC OF EGYTT 



'iftatiAm UiLHltnr nnfe walla ^iithrls tud^ miD &kjlKir il bnljLcl butnoift 
) k»ll lUflxli 'ujidu^iim we jL&riuiliiiiu biiiuiu^ llL biju'riLfu I 
liipha hsUV riggfththniR, vi 1 kflli'im JIII yraqi'lluh irtiggAla hutntoft 
1 bariiD yiUrgimfili li r I'lLgii bi I ^ajTJLbt, Tannu r rAgil loniliift 
qft'jtd £ I balad ^igl muddit i^hahr Umma li >'Cm milk sit il iy4n| 
kAij bliitt wjiljid luiu iu niis il kulijlf » w abflbu rA^ 'uiiLd» mm 
dimtji ] biiijul, qulil 1 iiTiimibA: '" Ya ummf. Jcull in tiy *arAmu r 
rogil dii U-] hnft kiuuAu '^uEtn ni'iimii/' Qnm tr ngil q^ : '* Ma 
flah maiii^ ; ibna ui^ciiuu." We bi^wa nih fi 1 b^t ilU katimih'flum 
fth id di'f ^uliiLu luiuuu ; q^ Iu; "T^iylb ii/d.iid«i Uiudu." 
XT G li'^Utbji r rAgil it^ivibKbiL ^nTLduhum wi iib:i?i:nT wi 1 mara rorttii 
ha^utitu niic itkl u eburb u min hollit kulJe asbyii., i^raimu hfLw* 
r r^gkl da hiiwa ^iLda* aL&bbe ^ugbilr we ^urtu gtuuUft, Qftmit il 
liLni — biiit ir rrif^il — 'i.-^hqitu we bi^bliiTiU, wt> habliH leanTiib* 
tg&uwixii, U bsi'de mA n^ bbllbn w iiiomibft fi nuff lAI 
kin IT r^iJ n&yim fi loabiill il madjafu, vri 1 binte qfiiait 
miu in ikom aiiif£il'& ma baqlnh ^ftfi Iba a tioiii S l^liUuk 
miu hubbihi 6 r riLgil id dAf; we qjUiiit r>Lljit Iu, » libAtn 
V uiuiLiJ.bLL khamrfinln fi 'iu in noTHt vv h\y» kb:iUiit,bunk fi 
A][iluliik D^ruft wo (okhit ii' rfigil wo q&lit iu: ''Quui biriA, ym 
Di'jillim MdjUHEDiid/' Q&l liha ; " Aqtm u^li^ f^n?'^ <^LLiC iu; 
" Qtliti i^ha miu in nfim w uq'ud 'ttlji ^^lak ; juia btdd! ki|ullAk 
'tkliK \ukkyw.'' Ktwb. r vigil qiim mm iu ut>tn u inki u qa'ud 'jlI* 
Vlu^wc qiLl Uba^ "luU -aiuu fb, )^ ^tt« ZbC-dn." QUifc j 
" Aoji habbulak wi tiUi ya tara t^l^^itnl ni-y lum niu \tiibWt*k I " 
Qkjii qjLl liiiu : '^ Ann hubbf'tik ki-i1r qnvl, lukin jtuiiuHb qtdlr 
uQl, Lvitmi kbuyif tain i&bOkS w« miu umuiik hi yiuntuwiUkoL 
Quit Id: ^'Yo t*rft ika kAix n^m oqul lubum Uiiuiubuin yijeui' 
wizAnJ Hk liqclar Luq*ud binti fi 1 Iraldd we ilbi Jn'f lAzltu Liqul 
li qubU mst aqul liibum, yji^r^l in kunte rjldi nulla mn utA&b Hdl," 
Qol lihu : " Anfc kbjiyiF uqullik mum^ Hlldl tHlhl tiftml ^id&p^ 
wi 11 ([uiti lik (uuk ridl nuk qdar^ibe li^iimt ogbtb Vn wil&dT wml« 
KhuFhumsb, leiniil kw^Jl li dilwiujU kliruuikn bibti r^ntu fi I ^burW 
wikla ehuCti*^h wilAdt; w ndin quki hk *«1ii 1 fyu]i\, wi r rk*j 
iJI] ti'millh mlUhl *Al4h. <jftlit i^i "Ann T^yi"' w^iyjik w nf^t 
hbit w Afi^t bftladl ^aU flil&nkk; iimAjnift y4 ptJa'i n-rri^uit Allib, 
nu tibqiub tifnxmt flyu fl blAd il |Lrljiij-|jJk, y^'nl i bnWtuk Y " 
tjoJ litja : " Dft hQwri rii }'ifA|iii yii Jtitti j(b6dm 1 Arm -ibjlik fui| 
ti^M t»ji li bjLHLkit illik u\.\." Wu buinrnjk 1 LitlI^i t i^il kluvlu 
Wijubiuu, *v iiuUit blyb idba ti Mu wu iJUju ^kL»t WIr n« 
rikbiim vh I^A^iim kiti fl t liuiq; u tjirmuliiim nuiilitln Ummft 
^Aruin 11 wufiu li l^d d bo^r; wi 1 binto k&nit misu^isfK *&!& 



EXERCISKS ON THE SYNTAX 



355 



illl g^ybfih il bint; v& lummji wii^ltim li 1 buhr U tnilit^^ we 
Ltya ] mc^a dl miiddit ^n^hu-r itniUhr^r ydm niia widy&D >J 
kilAb, aixliUD G iiK^rkib. Wts biiin n^ruuii iil'tlliji w ummiLn 
likiuma qumu min in nAm bjtM^"Tri ],i hiqu I tiinTr v^la Liqii r r^l 
id dL'f. DoruiQ yigi-um fi L bulnJ wi vkUluwilfuiu ma b^u Ibiiuji^o 

'4ditljLtm jd'ruTu 1 gun^ iUi linnuu yukuu lufk^li] fUia* tnim if 
h^itwi mrAtii wi wlAdn ^ubyaTV u banit *iigbfl.iyar!n wm bummAl 
kuJJ ^itbtn gitujU tamiiibiiiii laimna wu^luiu liK^Ldd il bukr, m^e^t 
ibiiuHhiLT y^itn ^bdha £ 'u^hart iyAm ; u uicLum luin *aU ^AJbuio. 
n Luqu r i-li^il yi'au'iiu 'u.Jh bintu wi yiudAli ulObt we ^ii|u) libu 
bi r ru^&ii btftabhum : " Y-i hint irga.'i u fi>ti r rfigil ii khijin 
tlih u ti*^ail 1 iiinrDik wi I abCki wb li khwiitik," Qiilit; "Ti*ai- 
yalumuub ti'LUVutflHii luaia^ &^yo^-" ^ i hirnxmiL ri|;^u AJcbir mft 
ghirlbuin, u i^uwii^iuiii 'abi bljulhuui Eu'lAnla 'hLi uhila U bln^ wci 
^&.lu : " bi Ichitirliit aiimijb& in5tit," Wi r vagil kbad il binl n 
tlk^^u DiJUhl min babflr il baLr li bub^ il biLi-f hiktUi vi^il li 
b&ludi\ D^kiuanhllr 11 Bih^, wo tj-uwaJi 'hIa betu; wd qa^'ibd il 
bUit G li^t tnoklifl^s li wuhiilia u biULb 'Mlia v/i gguuwUlm^ 
II miiiii I qftdinuk ^lilutha iBiiiiiiha. ti'itmLn 'iiudiha ; qim ir 
rflgil kbif ultt 1 bittt labfun toaimioihtt, wc buwii miv rdieh yi- 
kb;ilirh:L [rub 'rkiuiiba. U GdUt, mabt^tu u t hazz u ubi^ili ; «« 
kbiLlliHt miniLU luinAt u fubyan, ve tAnttiba mjiugOdiL Viiiylib li 
gbjiyit II y6fit- U tiiTTimit Likayit w^i ] kllab ILli bumiuft rig- 
gtUitbum kilab u huHiaba E&iuJLdnLin. 



XVII 

Kon wiihid uhAml t^if^ir u wabid tu^Ir mo^ ; we kAnu litnSa 
hiJiamji ehiirnkji waiya Wdulj^Jtu, we kiuu biyiflrahum ^ kuiHt il 
biljUi ^viiiyii Ltt'd, wa yif^biliim qjtyinio u niiymin a Whkllu w» 
AbArblD Kuwph. U nibjk'de mA kt&B&bum mia it tigiira ^v ei'drnu, 
we )mbh(« kulLo Wi\|iid TuiDhuin le iimu yu-khud ujiybu wo yir^' 
'ikla btdfuli;, qjkiD ieb «bunil khu^l nijkiinbu iJli 111' lu £ t tig&ia, il 
miik-uhb «i r rUmAl. ii wtnti-ln' ^Lbii ^e qo] lu : "Yn akhi nshQf 
wisL^bihk 5 khi^r;" w^ ^alliiiiii 'llIa bu'd, a kU4ubi biVdLibtim bi 
J Lydb, wo dui qiil il da: *'Vt<"l<l i» flttliuuji» iishtif wiflbsliiik li 
kbii\" Qui biiii&e, ya sSdi, eL ^yUni kWl ba'du u aTlIIi alu blM 
itih StiArn. wi I mnflH rigi' 'ilU Mo^r. tJ Wd^ ir^s wuiil 'olih 
baladu I t^ir isb sih4ml wo raun^ bi<ta we BuUim *a[& Ultu vn 
'ulu gir^ia wi titoqi^m fi d dAr b^tahtu, atim llHu, luia il kyJdt ^oU 

' 8u diHtinjiiishwl from U b*hr /ftt /iTi/e. 



m 



THB W(%fiN ABABIC OF EO\TT 



giubii 'ula stnAkh widrm ; n ba'iUn w^ \i\iwn napm, iiiciii nayitn 
fdhi, C|Lm beytftilcir it tig:irft wi I &hwul illl knn TL^ia Wfrija « 
(il^fir il mo^H, u beyi^mil hisbitu; u biD bfirif^ir leince hih 
■iwiij it Ugtr U iuf49r! niwiyiJl^ we qjiui 'yt\ : '* ALuh 1 ya wm3 cIa 
ntdL lik niejidf 'nn'l it tj'igir il niik«H illl liftwu Wah shirlknk ; ilia 
ti]um dughrt wi thu;t« kitfe 'ula Mai^r vo ta^lub il mf^yiiil min 
#^irikjik wjlU tfiiiu luhsho rtbtidAU." Qam ir riigil qam min 
Wlifcd isb tibarii, a ^h mdaASr luakh^ClQ ^AJa ehau yi^[ jukhtt*! 
il mdyidl 'arde shirtku. Fi I waqt illi rfLyili ^i^tubliB fth i«h 
Ah&mf fi Mar^r^ yn^ru wn/jtih^ hiiva dilkhil min bhuw«bt il hadM 
wi r rfigil il miiAri qal ; '^ Allnb ! ja wrtd ; " wi fbJcur fi UKfuu 
w« qsl ; " da iitA 'nodak mf'yidJ li ahirtkaJL it blgir i^h shAmt ; 
*iiA qaJbl btdillinl l» inn ir Hgi\ da ^rnldn yeqflm min bil&d Ish 
8h&in wa vigf yetilibnl bi 1 m^yid; iWi 'undt luh/' WI baMan 
huwa beyiibikir fi 1 nuu^ala dt, w agrann ir rri^-il Uh ^liJ^mi labb* 
luddAra biib i] hH. Qixiu 11 maprt flirni*u vs*» "irif Iiiphh wh ijal 
il mrAtu • ** Ya muru ami i-ib oqiil lik 'ala taiia^Eilu, " Qulit lu : 
^* Yu t^'il mh fc^iil li 'nlfk mnFi'alit li^b^ vn tcuriv tvHk tokuii 



khBr." 0^1 lib 



laH Diiab 'LLzfa illi Mkh^Umr. '^In ] bib 



da min ? " Qalit. lu : ■* LaV" Q^l lih^ : " Ana 'irift*^ hiMii, w* 
'iriftft biLwa oihL ; da t tftgir isb sbiliDl gay viikhud U mi^yidi ilH 
'kiidl luh." Qtllitlu^ "Ha'dfii miL niiuh luhah it bnbT' <>il 
litia : " Ltt' ; jqburl Irkmma uhrikb quble niLQ fDq Is fUtflTj," U 
lH*rf^n qAm ir nlpil n biLmb a atL^A iiitn fttq i^ ?iifA|i. QAmIt fl 
nuLTa fatabit il tiiib li sh ehj^ml, w? qAlit lu ; " liita 'aui mifif ** 
gui liha : '' Aim 'uuE abiriki {fuJan U fuUiiT)/' Q\]it : '* T>utib, da 
fuUii a^fir i] Higic." Qal liba : *' Tai>ib, w utia knuiAu >iraiyly« 
I hUTitiLi-a l>«taltti wildit 1^ « fiikkA. 'UU£ Jt^hni Ibu uiHrlwid ^Ijn vnt 
bititihii, £ aflUiuuh hina fijla^r lituiiuu yiJOr u yigK" U ba'dw 
mbabt i>£m ba49 Lr jifll il lOAtrtlikqiL^b^liJtEunuuamau^rid'aiidu, 
f « qal L ] iTiara : "Ana ahffiLii mli ji'itiU 'uLyAn, u kiM^n a'lnfl 
ro*yit»nbfi."dtf luiinifllyia'ti/ldftTii n qAj if turlijtyiilfinllid^ur»bii*4i« 
m» jidftnQnt lm«a mb vakhud tuinnt rM" U b*'dru tr tildil 
'u-aiat iJ bllii dl ii ntfit. u waUdfjh ii lWiloAIi u ^bnUtl *4J''b 14 
flbdb, I] tjuihuliiiiii mjubyln^ U icutl tjimn in uA-i il)t kiLnn 
nuuthylii ti iiiii^lfbFidii kail niAMbl ^h vMinL QnL - " biiqa ym 
wad nib ti^l min bib\d ir<b 8bilru wi tkuUif nc^ft^nk '*v Uiiif il 
MiJk^Hf dt Wd li^liiiiiiibn t Almti b! 1 aljHan Iftrumn yrkbiJ^hvli 
il WI wn yj^baUK>d terub tAkliud niinmi Inuiqnk/' i .'* 

nm tI k^I tih ^r K^^il 'uJ» biib if t"c^'n> >' \aIW in 

jC^bvi ri qd'Ail i^niLb )r rA^il kl i[j^3tt Wo (|4l lu: "Ana UailU 
tikbud {^\t\\ unii irtlrlok watau IjiltA miii kArAdiLkn" Qanj ir 
rigil it ma^rl r^ikni fiUi' hi 1 kafaa o qa'ail 'uU )i' In, u fiJik 
il kiiiaD Eum tmfsn ia qiil luf " Baqn va HtgU ti^ oiiu tuUU 



EXERCISES ON THE SYNTAX 



3g; 



■ 



Uh f^h&in DiukhfAi 'usliAn mf^^ilt wi'iliid T* Qun qnl l» s^ 

hhninh ^'Wi iiliuii'no,' iiln y^ mnftl lamoLit tmi^tiul klml-iwtt^i 
'iiitt bftli I>'f4k qumte nafV-^ ^^^ ^<^''^ ^^ ?ullLh hiu^abt tve ttulto 
1i 1 uuLm: 'ttn& ma(ii£r il Ili^iHi' li Imauut Ijiqiini (HuwilW 
Hkbn' tiimant JvflTu w ami virili u mrnuwnh *alA bDtB.k khnfti 
tXcikllifnl *a\\t n^ffijkk 1«i bAgft ? W« lokin 11 mA^rfif ill utui innhftn 
fi Akl 11 f eburb fttiuftu inin tr^U^ wi nta Ukhiid ba'dok a li^ 
mm Urq is 9M'\\)^ wi Mublfe fi J bJ^t tiinl ne ti^iJil 'ai^-^ii u \A*mil 
tn£yiL, wi lUulli n t\6,^ yid^n^k. hi % ^uv}*% hi I Mya ne <)a kullu 
*jJa ^hjln ii nn^yi'^i \ Aim h^ AilAM w« Inn jtkbiut bitU mic 
W»iiJkk biJul il iD^yidi btU'l." QhI In; '' Ya akM uhk Unit 
inutl.H ^aln ^iM'ii Jj l'^^ I ^'^ dilv]Li)Li r^j'ihk fli? ijul It." 
HummA fi I knl.tm u ciitlu IIU jpunS'n hummtjii uiirnniuihum 
utnjSn khuiiriiL ihjH u tnih^ftHn y*«h^lfil tnntrab yiiisimu 1 Dutl 
ft]), »'^ mush ljni,vtn i w*^ tannutiiiii miisbjln u bjtrbuuiii bi 1 mAl 
ImtlA wij^ln I iinMr^L itil film (urbii ir lil^i] il miifrl. Fii " hamma 
I LjirfUulTJi EiLi|11 !^hii-iji':v iiiLvdik ti f lurbii; quiii ^'abiil uiinhuw 
qiii ' " \a ^iJ'^]-i ib-[iE> niiiKi] ni^^im 11 tni'L] 'tin b/i*iliua & ^ ^uiW 
I uii^iiikMkMLi'h ilb'^ HmuiDu (ilduiiL, ju kj\DiJ 'i^h^ILl wjlII^ UildUti. 
hi I m/il illl wniy.lhiim, Qiltti il niri-^ri qui li sh Rhiml : " Ga Ink 
il f nrH^ ; yultu ni'mi] iLiL'^ittri wi hdAih ihna litu^a G ^ furbn 
IiiUimiL n nAft ilAl ylrtmlum ni iiabufhuDi r&j^n yi'niilfi th ; f^&k 
TfLut ' liiiii qiMim il Ut wniy^buni. U bu^ii^n lilm'n iiimA, wi 
] hnTATDlyn fiizluni blcjaMiini] I mM 'nla baMtihiim ; ii niWd«» 
ma Iqimaitu il rnll 3rlil wnivtlhiiiLi ujlliid uaqi* ULiu limljltlmm 
luA ktjihdAb^ ni^Ibu tnin il fub^ri. Humma. mi'ahuni ^f m^^ 
iuddi^iX yiAjlwE muiidb wilfijci; qAmuirt qO^i 11 bh i4bfl>k.hti, ill! 
hiian fftHil tiih um khmlsbw minulbu, qJilO In : " Y/i (Fiilin) Djim 
Siiixtji siid4i Uk j^ aT'f Oib fi luanJ^Ltiik-'* Qbiu hfVwjv etartin ; 
q-tJfl l«^ "Tii-ijib, Tn aliitir, ui'iJt Ink ia «^f fi m^iniVbiik, latin 
ih}i sluir^^ *ulii kiH]i< ih[in bidilitm tnlu tiiliub tii (libn U iMi^'Vn il 
luAjiUn i\t\ iuvym!D i;iiiibti iNi'Je dul." Qnm ir riRil qal; " Ya 
khwftniifi, yii tttrn aiia Urubbmo wo bumoiu rutiitln? Muak 
WiUti 'jiUac^r' QaJQ lu : "Wi itta Ut'i litk? ]\i[ui e^burulvm 
wuiy/lk 'ilIu ktilt", »i u ma diiiubuilmmrtbi? bi a fU^i nm. bikahe 
ifiniiiib SLnifirm." Qhri liilva qn] : "MuUlu ahiin t-b ruh it\W 
min gh^r mmiab iuil^vUh?" Qnat midtk i^ &!f bi Mu we im^ 
f/Ui^ 'iklu iJliL^'ii il lurjiijii tttii yi'lrabbum. Q'lmu liuiumn 
I ie,w*um 'iilik 1 liurnTnlyri^ *HfrJt;QhiLTri. XLifjL^ihii bumtiuh wi» fAu? 

I 1 juA), we ffltvi i^ sj'f, wo kullo wtibid glri ii oahya. (^im ii 

1 inotrl f)it1 It hL ftliflml : *' KoA<i^ yn Akhl, ulil ^at juin AU&li. Vf 

I iLbbbiiiia '\tiiiii kb/'i- bi z^i'ulu luiji 'jtiidu we ^jki Hda bi u uiyilm 



&oh mi^uft. 



> By iLissimilAtioD. 



yokuiip 



358 



THK SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



u gat linK 'at tub(Jlb." Nihaytn I hatvmtja Umioa h&r&bafli 
wo giryum qnm U ma^f qit'ad y!r[nim 11 mAl wivi^-a sh tiLAmI; 

qM&Tuflh nii^^i^n ; kultti wAhid khtv\ r>ii^? il mAl- Qum lI mofrt 
t^iil Li uh AhAiol : ^' Khud mark-iliikic wc raiiwah "atn balt/lAk bftqi^ 

irtb fcliuuii, qui li I muKrl 1 "Ya ^khii anu *aii£ il m^^yidl btAM ; 
ftHA iD(i fiuflhe hiMji|l/' Qiim qal : "Y» akhT, ma'^K mHlcAlTlk 
]] muJ in kullUf u liBSa bidiia.uWAr 'nli m^'yidl wfihid koioAa 
miluit?" Hamma d I kal^ u mitlii vitiya baMubum ba^fft 
\Miil wihi<I miD il I^rufutyik b^iF^ niia tjiqt Lt liirlm^ we bi^wa 
ivjLqta ma kan blbuA^e SLU'hiini min il khuniL hetfi' \\ liiHvt qLca 
U mAfrf 'ola h^lu ; U vruqtiha kin ir rfigil il hardml EAhie liMib 
fuq r&fu, we kuu 11 muArt ruh kh^tl^ 1^ tlhdu niLiiiiii. Qhiq il 
hftraiul kbdf u g^iri ; Wf> k^n il ui^irfd qui li sli »hAiu1 ; " Wulili 
I libda fi 1 m^yidi 1>ta^nkT wevIji Tifibntsh wain tit'ibflh^ nAfsftk. 
a iduita kbulu^te bi baqqiik w aho. kbluAtD bi ha<iqT, wi -^nih 
Rabbunii kbi?r bi tyXdk" U Wlimn 'aliii bn^di, »i kuUo maobu 
rauwuh *a,]^ buUdu, 

XVIIl 

In nafl ydqflTn 'alcL 1 ihrim fi akbir ix mmiti lamaia ti^Am U 
qi^ainji ^'iuflaima jigd 1 httbuab mici kutnihum, \e iTiftuh ma 
kutAr ti^yi I tiaiul^ yi^n^n bi sfUJitinLum bi wuzarithum bi ^&sk&r' 
hum bi Ljklhuiu bi uiihtiyalliiim bi honmbum bi 'iyLtlbnia^ y^^ 
rlnghrl ^ila 1 ibroiu : ni I ihnlm tithuiyu' luhiiic fi «Ifn.t dftlwb 
kjiiir; wo humm^ yilkbanqf) wjtij^ btt'dabum fuq drkhr U huiua, 
wi ye^^r^mucu 'alj4 bu'd, wi yidi^bum ba'duLimj ; wL i\n y^kfawl 
ithuwMiyct »J da yokbud k^tU\ «e yim^iuwitu bade ba'dubmn bi 
bfkM, wi yei'L^hiriti kulluhuiii fi tharbit moiy:! k.Q innibum ghifqu 
fi j babr, yKA lu^abtiuc }'<irub min ghor layd^ 

XIX 

Il Agrlld huwa ill! ydcfln min ghrr dnqn wala ehiinbb w» 
yibqn wiJibrthLi uruW tiA^im ti^yi 1 h^m- Wi lit yi^tibih buli 
yifiiU tilt iu uaLilr uin'akuiiL wi yn^Ql: '* A'Aau bi lUb, uhi r^ji 
(jHbfllju wi(Urth M siitvih jjibbiihtia "iila « fiibl^, ya FfttUhn ja 'kllu», 
bi wiKbnbo t ni<i1 ilih ; y\\*D\ ^i^a fabubiiit iii^tibih illW hi tfudiab 
ir rA<iI dfk t Kiibbtmn yifnuwit fiibhlyttu 'u\n khir la ruihur 
dft ]v iiiiii mm [nKbHimuwjtJi uiiii wtubsb il n^rud lU 1 Ukin 
liAfra'iTiil ^ f h tuti|n I Ub •b^uTti iiiju|E)fll " Wv ^tu T«*y Q 
111 inU9 fubdh il <|uj-l!ld xrutit^ ^Wl^ U af^QJ. 

^ For ni'tall, a» tba Linf»r. a'laiJ lUOivUniut for i*mU- 
* «al^Ei4ii mm. 



EXEltClBES ON THE SYNTAX 



3G9 



XX 

ni^il dh mAKht fi s •iikkiL, we qnhlu w/Jnd F-imurXwl : wi s mmmSwl 
dih yt^i^filil "Jfclfh lo inn" b.-yibqa fi !<iu imri[r*i*ft ^-rld min girld 
lit rijikiil, u nkiLktCib 'bV'ha ^ihr; wi yeq1\9^ lo innu jbuwul ma 
yikhbut iii«Ai] 'ilIjl HLqu bi t niuqnk'n Jl yitikiiuu uiJi-ihl mLtilh in 
kan n^fil ilu raarn au walaH. Hinn Umma Bhiif ir ri^l dft 1 
Ifnu^Ql niflsht ti tt sikka u aWu ^ialm einiln rah khabhi 'tJa rfiflu 
bi \ Diaqiti'it ; qam il giixi^nl uibhi wma r ri^J ia fliiuaifi*j, we 
UuiQLibiiui mAslivln liuii':i^ lajiitiiFt iltkkiiHliiui bi-C i» RiuiJaJlwI ; vn 
r r^gil ia siiiinuiwi iuitaji ir mgil i] gonenl gQwa 1 biltf u Aakk il 
bib 'al^ii M bhjLfl ba'd, wo nth yiq^ad ^bdm. Qiun U panful gi* 
w« qiuTfc>iit 'nli'h biiiiiij raig gfl* ; qftm qnl fi bala : '* va wad, qum 
clauwar i^k 'nbi JifigH fi b(?t it rAgil dji lAkiilFiii." We bnwu ma 
kATt-iha *Arif tt-inns da einLm^w!, wi l» iTirie fi b«tu fih simiue 
Biine^idl ; u kun wa<|ttha luqa mnfiAr FukbkhAr, wo buwa da'ir 
yi'arbid, wi 1 lUAgfLr miikfl ; q&m 'An hjirf il uio^ilr bi Idu, liiq& 
taht« TnJnTiM ^iflhn. wi f qalb ii ^ahn hA^& mUdmL wa yiiban; w^ 
IniatniL [<bEifha mivlimL wi f li'm il '^d?, Iftcnmii I V?sb yigsoqqn fib. 
ifiim min ^J'u q^l : '* ya wad* tn^LdAm entu |c;a'Jln ndi nt^L laqft 
uuqiyit 'lula jihS quddjunak : kul miiih^ UiumA ti;«bbft' waJlu 
kulhiL kiillibcL in qidiit,*^ 'ikJeha. vif- fi\iX\rt hiltlei iokb'^n yi'na b^wit 
rdyib yigt yi^il Ink -^ht laa k'*n ravih yigl we yidauwar 
^U<>bik wi yiq^ulcii. nnu qui lu ctick <:iVt Ekk&ltihjL." Qii'&d ir ri^l 
LnibA kulliLiu wi ubitSE^t : vd ikgiann ir rAj^il is siiiiEriAwl gib 
fntAb il bull w(T dakh»1 hi r rig^ala v\ I *ivjJ ^ n rii^cvan itll 
hilwn ^li^dbiim min itaira. qi»n 4f(L"EidLuiii fi etiuIivUl, we 
luiKu-hum. XT biL'd^n qoL & lukfrnj : *' jii. fflmi. t^nbla ma biflb^ 
ti^hil, shiii il bA^u iUi iitii sL^yilhrt/' Ritb yirWwur tAht il 
ma^i' 'JitiL 9 i^hii ; qAm liLq^h «Ahiip taa Ih^i^b. T.i'ye nia ykun 
HiugbitAl bi 1 EDOLvih ; qjktD DJhda.b li r Ti\^\ ig phO^ni, u qnJ lu : 
*^TnMU, yi,, rigiU hum." Qal la: " Na'.ua. *ana bfigx* T' Q>i 
iu; " 11 luAtrflrff^ur' QslI . " Ana, >^ sidt. ana wallik niin gfl'l 
knltiljiL" Qsl hi : " Yil rfi^il, kaUiha iLif-y'^ di tjiga tnmuwit, 
u xiu\vQ kidbbaT' (jal lu^ *' D! rao mauwitituteb ; da ii& 
lut{itbA hilwn wi bfiibtiba fnttit 'ads. qumte k^ub&." Qaoi qal 
lu: "EuU.kaiiI.1^ a^Lak ^ii'ilhkfhr' Ijid lu: '-Mmsughrl 1i 
knbr! li gh&yit il /Ln w nnu j^nnayiit^ w» kulle y6m, ya B^it, uia 
kquL Ink il boqqt u^huiyar ir ilq 'al^ rbi:i'1n kunloB beui^or." 
(jBjaq&lIu: '* i'tk ftjultir, uafftdt«1>i ^UDar&k dilw&qt; ana qa'adt 
a^auwitih tfl] U Hinlii d^il knm sluihr au wi ^ iikim^ illi ftti« 

^ aaij kiuu Hiiii haltM. 



SGO 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OP ECJYPT 



(ihHq is R^dmft, rtih G biilrLk ; AtlAh vlhiinwin 'Mk ; buqh cuftctCtt 
bi 'uEorok.'* U Wd^n qol fi Tmfi^ ci nuumAvl: *' rAyi^ tiaq'nd 
tilniJ (jL W^a fi ] ha^ad di modaiQ IDi kikuwi^LtD fi M.it* alM^ 
vm^ B dum^ wahdb? Ahsun IhtQIj l«rauwHh 1jiu|Il 'a]» WlwUk.** 
U H^yib in ii4fl illl lean giLTibhuin, u qol lubum ; RUtjum intd 
kfaa&n li ^ulhum." Wo kLiftd Wdu u mUhi 'ftU t>UHu. Wi I 
^(DAyiil lumruA rrtuwiU; 'nla biU^u qjkm qitl il m^siJa df fi I 
Ivtlrul kidUkhhi ; u wiVhid yvqfll ti wfiLid Idiiiniji. kuU id ilinyK 
kliudit kbnbur buh. W: I qOl dn ^^Clilb U wjjd if fUf^bai^urlu 
milk mudilit Efi^ndlim iMna^u BjUhtL' 

Wi jeqblu u a^» Uiumu » slmm'tvn yatlmd in nA« wo pdjUtb' 
Ichfllbuui a 1 IV'bbttLVit W4 yi^'lifil %]4^haiu, y^Liii mi>1jjw]dAr qjuAii 
kiblr iLA^ris, wi ] ijimn yilthiid iu qudde qirbitAn inoi^ wv 
yelian mewallu' nuh Uilit il qauELik ; wi y^\^ io oAa yi'iilUqhuRi 
mir riglChiiui, ya^iA yikhnWt rigKbum li f(^ ve rHabnin U Wjt fi 
1 q&tAn ; u wiuji^ ma }'i'ft.llaqbv]m bi f ^ifA ili vf*^|ft]a ti nJkji miu 
^ahd in DlLr yu^Qin ^'iiizlI ii> Rimmij mm hunl iiduirj min duftv 
rigl^h li ghayit sh'i'to rfleu li q^Ib U qaMTi ; wi Ikiiinm ^ifaCfd 
j^&diUu wt 3^egib gbt'tnj ji^altnqu. AVi vvql^lfl 1« ii^j) in hijuoir 
dih illl h»)Filchrigii fi sintm^wl miii ^lUit bunl Adam yt^\\)\(i It- 
JTiuu yiw^nlriiU |] H ifullln betiVu ; iFi IkUA'u mft^ fi Mi^r w« 
ttkhdu 6 aiiuine hud in nua bl umr ia ei.iltAi>> 



XXT 

Ttb qAa Jii^n 1(1 darAwlflh il WL^Liil [uiiihijiii j'ijriBJk t^t mxxi in 
ru^yitit^Fi bf idt^b litnrn ivo 1in'ij» inn nal : '* hi nni llAb, AlUhu 
nkbar," v^^rtLb yidrab nftfun bi * o^f **lft bAtnu, wiJbt ^idq kitfu 
vc jjgi I khjdlf* ynfH^ wiVl^id djirwlah '&lft vrmlnu u w^iliid ^aJa 
ahmilu : wi r t^\ iUt f tdii a tti-i yfnktn € 1 aid wi yrl>titt i* 
a'f 'uU 1>A^rii, wi j-i|^i 1 khnltfa j'letinid bi Idi^li litn^n we yid^ufia 
Id^h kulSe Id 'ulu kitf? wfUiid. wc yillu' bi hj:li'b litnt^n To*) dohr 
U eff wc> pltakkft bi rjg]r:b \<i quwAltu 'ulii tlklur 'lUiim. wi » ^f 
jib^xitgQw&bbtiL id dHJ'ulHb ; u bii'dftk jtifiicij 'ala IjMu ynbuffa 
ti nAa Ift yllAq^b klmrrfi 4jinimi> min gij^riiii w^ln btf&l Iu J^i^ ; 
w* «iiwu] ij KbjUlfa mi yi^lift' is p*'! bi Mu vdtilli pbfru fai 
rlqu min b.^uftkn wi ^oiuailjiibtb 'aXa ]tii\n id darwlhb *n.U ma^m^ 
i« a^i. Wi 1 niUd if vii^bAi^firlTi yi-biiun Ihatji hbtiib fl l^urtoLbtun 
w« jiiuiffidOh fl lidipbhum njUj^'itiu, wi yohu^^u UvnM Ifur^flu* 
II tirl i»h phlflh nun ludiTiUn; wi minkuai wil.. .id 

minbuLn jimsik qAriu>a wilUa qundll fl idOimm wn j < i [f 

qjtimii wv £JL|Ebit i1 qisjli i\ krrplm. Wi minhuni riui mm n/i- : ^ 
kubAr bi il^iiti, wi 1 wAhvil mjrditifn piniik it ti'f>dt> bi L'i<M 



KXEliCISES ON THE SYNTAX 



3<1J 



In 'mlmu hi hJlLu wi wlilu'u fi biiUiii ma ^khhllNli inimtu bA^i. 
IT minbum hjU jimnlto ) hit.tit il wil'u, ju'nt laUit fiihrnn 
niivmJkwigo, kuJliha huaraT ^'^ ^erOLft do^hrt bftighiblui %U 

XXII 

II frtlUMn JEft *h.Uu bint* miri bjioilthuiii bitkallim waliul 
jiikuii sluibb u bJLIi^h u htyii kniAu lulli^b yeqQmu luiuraUn 
UlAU yiiiiLbbiliu "ulOho ibOLa u uuuniha wi jeqHlu JbA ! " *tb yn 
hintl M« tiuisblnb vniva bni flao ;" U lul-rJe tar* yimkbbihu 
'Al^bn ivi )^^buf{lliih JziLahyit waiy^ t^cil. an huiva ^b^J'ti» jetifym 
ir rA^I R,bflb« 14 ^i'lill diL, y&qKil liba : " Yb bin il mjLnbftBh/ 
nnn 'nmion rjiil lik maJTCt 11 itrirc u uUAtA ma titn«bl^h woi^a 
bn il tnecJnttiiiin ; intt nin SmrnjL^h tjRinih'l kalitmT iJ^b ^ J4kin 
Itlmdt biUik u rauwubf '»! id -irtr," U W<K'U il bint kJuidil. 
W'l^ibik u WilLii. 'alA'irir Ahijha. vetmiTnibit qJi^it lah^ : " Iiitl kutti 
i^R ya biiM ! '' Q^lit libJi : ''Aitn kult« 'nuima tula moi^a miD il 
bftbr ii KLU-ai»lyr, w abAl ^ rapiibaj 'upil «flru\e upatttbl ^upvl '^ 
II riLLiwalil '^la d dir, u gibl ia zjiiawtvu u ait agd k»r»li 'ala d 
dAr/' Qi^lir, luha ummiha: " Tii qabl^e w ani tqa ^utti lik 
In trAbUhe limit luio tarikwlyo vhJIil ^l^fo miii U bohr. MddAni 
irttt niJL ADii'tlali kaliUnt aho cib<dcl ^h^ietillk wuliv yikiuUllkl ; uLu 
vib^u ^ bi kM\i 'Hd yn boaijitl/' We hinii r rA^ Lunmii ehuf 
il bint. tJtlAt ftrba* rriftn-^it, vaIIu ktmnin^ ^itto iniLrr;!!, Ktinii] 
iriinha vt' qal lilm : " Ana 'amma gul lik 'ai V<^ii*n wi titi mih 
'amuiAab tiuma'! mlanf 3*^ bint i? ^ubLiiye.^ ^nik U kliulli 1 
Ml^hi'ibe wi ( [iyAr ma yslituimfL lik rlim wilIa kballS Lik u^Ar 'elUi 
wUhfth Jl hfd." II biut-iflyeitf bbn™f.rit uiin id <Ur u rahitwniya 

I wjilud illi kiluit bit-ilr waiyiib. U.ii» ^afba biiqa, u qnJ |i)m r 
** IntJ bariitkl 'liriiJnn tdiu-X wi^iyn f (ubl dill w abn 'amirja 
tniggab * 'aU^ii G ah Ab^i'^' 11 Ji I i^hiiibe uia 'aajinflsli ulA^Iki,'^ 

II bu'di>ii nditi ruj^nbtik u fbuftik dilviLki't/' '^ U bu'dvo ir rii^l 
kun wniyfih furya, u ka.n biyi'to*! bfh* £ 1 pbT?^. 11 oal li 1 bint 
■■ l*taiuiini hiitW* ana ^jlui aratmiL '* ma'Aki d dir,' Il biote 
nkMkluu lua kilijiub«i ^arfa. u, 1b^1« akbir 'umrilui ve agaJha, 

^ A znirither v\l\ call h<T own child bi&t il kalb, bint iafa 

* flbfiyiv, 

' qal. 

' ulrof^q'i^b, 

^^ 'JiUrHjt. Cf. SyrJAH \it\U\H^ 

^' biiia- Cf. Syrian boiitk. 



* mqubof. 

* yibqa. 
^ fiburq. 



* qataJnI. 
' ^blva- 

1^ alOqik!. 

1' nrauwab. 



SG2 



THE SroKEN ARABIC OF EOYFT 



kitfu n khml il liiniw 6 fdu wn hattn khf 'aU 1 kTiula. w? tnnna 
m^ht lammu ru-h t^it talle 'oM ; u fohitt tabt it tall hi f ftirvA, 
n |i£li it bint u r&h diribhiL hi t t^^yi^t mauwitha, u dnifiahA fi I 
birka illE faUftthii tiilit it tull, u niUirilia flh i] luitikiii 'ul/^lut ; u 
LiLun^ m.Uht m^muwnh ^Hla tuitu- U baMAn, IjiTikiiiii rAh il h^t, 
uiacb U bint sn^aJitu xv^ qilit iu i ** Yh bne ^xn, \a.*n\ tniti wjhi.]t 
il Uitiic tna rahit tiwoddt l&k il ^^b fi 1 ^hfil, ya*al dilwjikit 
^msu L li'J wi \ Itiatvi tDugulsli." Qloi ir t^'i^'iL qal lahd. : " Vik wl^/* 
intl hJi t-u^Uill' Mpurrl^ we tijffrTigf * wi t7iTin! 'nVi jiKAti ''hif Ir* 
liAti inti mn uttsb ru^ha tilcbtt di a elm* (sirt il binl) ana fnt lilc 
il bBLl[id dt b ilLifibn watjinDt m^abl." Qimit qilit lu ; '* T'^ipb, 
ya fuljlu, mid^ bzu'ul ^iilji biuCl ai ittn zA'Mn *al& aIuUi ^h?" Qma 
ijaI lihji t *■ ]Niliikyrii n-na rayb ngOl lik 'iiln kilm^ whH^Ia,^ wnia 
tjjfiUT] 'al4^va wnliL li^Tu^ "aj^yu wula bA^a ; il biitt khjLiDiia Bitt« 
inairdt walla aibn* uianut nrub ahuflibi* waiya ! wM" w^ hly« 
laoelifuwAiyili) quJu Itift: 'yufjibtyiti va bintA irg:ik'1mAtigliirtiih* 
waiya ] v^ dih ; ' hijjk ma fiim'it.^b^i tal^ml ; nnh^ Uchir nut 
gblobte mipha, t-bitdtihu li Idl u nibte ti I kbiilA u dnmbtilm bi 
( ^^'4 n fabivtti Iha birkji u lo^tklitihur " fibn bi kbti1^iiJk4, wo 
ilADn^tt iu±sb1 a gi't ^ttlit d d^Lr ; w Jidia giiiti lik Hi\a nrns^alitii* 
woahflfi tifi k-M nh ti*raill ^h biijKtt." Qftiit lu- " Ws kftf , ya bO 
^liminu, pi^tjiltihn u uiiuiwu tti hjL if " i^il liba : " Adin ^nt^kltihik W« 
iDauwibtih^ bi ^ tiuya, ya^id 'tahnbtiiia, «^hly»fc ribit li h«Jb«; 
Hhilfl ki'^f iL bi^uLilt bagii." QAlit lil/jt: "'Ad,ymbu -Hiiuai],' u k^ 
Qu itua^shv 'ulu bitll I " Qui lih«. : "Tifinngt mn tiKmng^Hh 'ala 
k^tik yii flubljW U bn'iiiiii il itmm min «a'ftlbai 'aU bintiha 
^uwatit u »krrakhtt ; ti kan nwjtil^ktk ^ |Af [nAii;i;^i'lhi tl I hnlstd u 
ainii' i^irlkb il wnllya; wt- umjr.LluL r rA^il iciui Er&'alu hflwa kau 
rah jiqtil il tnara wB jidbahhn "uMbiin hiva kfitiit bJtjHitwal u 
bitttarTD-kb ; u ba*d^n IftOLUiA ^luw^Tit ^urn il ^jbiirinL, wi r rAffi^ 
kflu bidClr **lu Hikkioj^ lamuut btvh j^itriftvitu bi ^ Hirlkb l^tsJ^Lo, 
11 f wftqtu wiij^li] i\ raiiwAfji t^bbiim 'liIh r i'A|;i] wit ^nfnflhflh ; ii 
i4hiim dftyrtn kit^a, ya'oi Haiiwanirn id*b -warn ktAUi u knttiffth 
bi bj*bln til qiniiib (bjyi'mililh bi e 2iFt tiv)ftm tibtq^b a-^y \\ b^fld), 
w« iivmfl fi rigUh q^d bjnitd wo pnirflh litnt^i*. wiliiid miiA 'iJu I 
yimlii u wfiliid min 'nlii rib ^htm/d ; wp blmi bnqu f wii>.^it>mRi 
iriA};il lib bitwit^AIiib il 'umla; wi 1 nmrn mriitu itii^byit w^ilUiUBi 
wp bumirm »JkkhilLii ir nl(;d, u tui^nidiuLu luuiiuA WAf(i«llUi U !■ 
l^ukiluiJk u MklliuiQii li 1 buEbt bv/tA' il luudidju. 



^ tnq'Ddl. 
« i6 «Lnb d1. 



' tiqufTl. 

^ w*tid«. 



tiqlvHiUi. 



« w«J. 



EXERCISES ON THE SYNTAX 



363 



Kui ft liikayA '&n hurmfk B bildd ir rlf le LodUla k&nit 'aodibn 
abuhbit boqaru.; q^m ^AUbhiL dhOkh il batod 1q mau yeshu^h 
^balha 'uiidk] 5 1 mihr£l uu Q 1 t?^"" HukliriL,''' Qitmit il tu^hru 
k-Mfit 'aliL baqaritha, qMit 111 : " A^iia rD& ghtluraljc nct'llM lab, 
dl bifaiyiwhiii u bit^oiyislj 'iHli, ti u'lu'^iyu 'ivill vuLium," 
Qixm fihtikh II buljwl [UJV Biiii';>Lc niiiihEi u tidab wiuL^L ir 
nL>illDi hidtA' 11 mui. Q&lit: " Mjk liitUnli." Qiun kbad inialu 
I bttqara bi I gli*dre *iiLhii, u riilnb wftMd gajartr u lehfJk g 
iit\.2z{ir dubuhbu; u kauwim il l^qjkrik kw^Dii u ^i^\ah nA^ il balod 
c^kdje talfitln arbij'in khoiiiriEu nittfu nils *i]H qoido miqdflr 
likwilin ; u kullii wAbM luiiibunt kbjvl lu koDi bi t tiLm[in 
wi I ki^io bi riyil, yn'ul qu] siuin kj^m bi sitHn rivfll, u thiid II 
EulflH darrLbLum H ^ibbu- QiLiuit il uijli'il 'niji^it qMit Lu : " Aiu 
*aiua toiU'Lti il b&qai'Jk bUbtl wa1]jl baqorti hi ^iLfi^ha leinn il 
bjufiirft bt^Uitl ti^Wi lli^ ml>u ii 'i^brln ri^^d/' Qui llha: " Y& 
wIl^H mn ]k\^h 'uuiJl boga; ri^i i^hti^ mn^nUi mn tiAbtikL" 
lUhit *jutd il mtfdir wi ehtoidt lt rdgil illl bi^vr^ &hikh il b^lad, 
wi qUIt lu 1 " Yfk Wlrit U mudlr sb^kb il balod (il fulaitlva), illT 
hl^a ItftUdl, t^LliUt tniniii niMfim it tin; qiiiti lu: ^atut ^bit 
*i^ll ItAm Wii mft lui'lfih fuJila dilwiiqli i lEituma. viglul.' QiJ 
U: * ma jinxkiitabv ; nt& ghdareli at'ukbkbfir ^uu Tuji^s il lutr!-* 
Qeud zrdiuaul wo ^rane baqitrti uiiuul bi I yiibre 'miiJ wo Imiidar 
il gaxUir, u ilubjilibu wtf kauwimba kiwHiUt i^itlJn k&m, kulle ki^m 
bi ry&\" Qiija qai Iuba 1 niiidlr: ■■ Vft wllj-jt, utamul huqitrtik 
tia&w} fi t taimm kitn ? " Qalit lu : *' Ya budrit il mud^r, tisuwt 
luiy* u islatu riyM." Qi»iu il miHlIr Ultib ftUfJkb U bj^bkd we 
hnlilFi*' il ziuna WH liaddar in nah illi liibt^Lrft I ikwam mm lahiu 
U btvj4r«t M'l 1^ gJii/-i4.r ilti d^baU il bu4ju,ni bi imf^u, wi n ufia 
kulUliFt mtkgmfi'a* wu auiar bi litmme lubflK^yikb il bib'id kul- 
lubuoi, WH httddttr qiJi 1 njudMyii wu 3*'alu, wo qui lu : " fib il 
gi^yix, ytv budriL JL qftdl, illl ni'iuilu fl r riigri da zryi> xmi islam 
d loura [it li bitqjinCbu? " QiLEii il qftdl q«d |i ] mudir : *' Ydioia 
li^ioQ il ^uz7.^I■ yi'riiil fi r rjt^il du a^vv mu 'auiiU ij 1 bfujur* 
bLibb il Udu'ht^ yu'id jiilb&bii ^ ga^xAr vfo yiqabAiiQu k^\~,'LUk wo 
vifuj'i^ likwiiui ^lLu j! ^iltlii ujIh iUi bumma tbiulu kwiloi U 
boqjhm, kulle kAiD bi riy^^ci, )-ibq!l luly^h w^ 'iahdiL nyjll^ hukme 
iu» t^lubit il uttitih tamjui bju^ufitbu, 'ixn nmr U t[Ld\ w<i aiut il 
oiudlr." (.luni it ititteha'lIvA kiiUifij i' I'Li^il illT bilwii ^umdit il 
b«h»d WA rjimflb il I aril» >ti» diLlnthu \ ^irzilr, ii Iuluwutuu kw&m 
Wft fjiTTftl^ii *iLii AittiD Mufd, kull^ kom bi ri viHoo ; wl> amu* il 

> Tbls Story u tc4d by Li^d (il/ui. £yi£p., cbup. iT.)H 
' Adverbiully. 



9U 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EOYPT 



r-^f if baqjLra fi dnlihiLa ugritu. Wi I munk khrhditll fullltt tocibn 
i1 liitqtu^ji Qili] id i1 mudir, we ilji'it ti J qArlt we U 1 londtr ht 
jimuliuiTi LIluHai^u ILiL \arlui uiiri ir rAgU. 

xxnr 

Enn fSh bintf bttite bikr-, ■andihrL ^O-shAra tnJUhhr ftiiu^ «« 
lahft Tnirdltr'jkbb, VQ Dtirflt &bf^ba ki^nit tftiualli mkhulllyn I Inntf 
d1 dnyr^ fi 1 khalft wi tdClr liqa^br^iish Ikba 'nfab u hji;ab Ia^U 1 
khablx wi ^ t^Hkh. Qindt ^'dm luiu ei\i liyjlm il bitite mikshpi 
luqiLt \(it\^ Diiftfkha j£rye niLqru £ J ju>l we laq^lhu Wtidwl 
E''jD li^Q il fikdrta; we kiiiiit ttntil il biuti b mitqTi^ba* riaIH 
il nitwjM bi '^iLUf u sbrOilu f6q ra^ba ItUtilitu u^Liiiiu 'bIb 
biH flbflbiL, UMilLu liiQi'at nbAhu wi qHlit Ifkbji : " Ya icrAt 
rUiily&, kbmif," Qflmit il maru ebAlit il miLqt4iF vrta 'irHt Ull 
fth le iimu rafd- Qfilifc klm ; " Vn bitte gjbti d* mtt* fiiit" 
QTdit Itfba ; '' T umm. gltiLn mi:i il khalik^ luqH nii((ni w kxm 
iljiyra l>iLqiLAhabiKli, qrirT]t4> m;L]''''t il mnq^f wi tfitiid gA}'a/' QiVmit 
qjiiit luba : ^' Uirimdl rdld hUi k^timn n^'^Ui likgi iLj^haddlH 
fjhudwLi hilwa." QAmib 11 bint, lua^kirxa^, khodib il mkiqtJhf wi 
n^i'it tAiil \u^\e ^lun' mii^t abflbn il d liuuyii 1 Fihii^it. QjL*a4tt 
il bint tlmla 1 rnnqluF tiiiti il iii^lub ; wntji kji.] bhAsb illii 1 Qmrni 
1 uuwilAiilyn I^Lgle <]i-!m]lba vi? qarj^r 'UTunbu wc JLgiilhih; qfLln U 
iruktUb JEtqjifjkl 'jiltl'liri wi J biJitE^ liaUkit tn'ui \\ *n\BAh v* M^n IJMft 
l^^ii. NSi'i f wnqtUui kfiii ubilliiL rutj^Lib il bji. rnin \nrrn \isLn% 
Bi'ftlbu (mirituj "nln bjQtu WB qui liba: " F/ia il bint, y» 
(fulAlmjr' (^iUit lub ; " I] amrn mnhii kium liAm wi di d fWr 
il ouwilAnf ilK gAbitu we ahr'y^'tlbrt n^jlb dur Uliil." Q»m ii 
rl^il JBi'il 'rtbi bintu ^i qui llhu : *' Yi hlljn f ^kTiJ liiUit Jlihitt" 
Qulit 111 : ■* Fi I hitla (1 fuianlyix)." <J.ini uib \iibmwiir '»U Juutu 
fl I IpttH illl qiJil 111 'utt'lui 1 inonh t \\nni ^jni' iiiw*? bi'AijivL; 
InqJlb V*^^ biiitiJ, vii^ 'int Ul^b il ardr bJb'jLlyAb Q^^l liba : '< V« 
binU yH (fiilAiin)-" QA.liT»bi: *' V'^ihit '^(hli'airt ^ ii^qldl," mfirrai^n 
l4LliStA. (Jaoi fiUint 'itliMia (H^n tut'itji, nm inlUAuit, niklri Bml'fth 
IIU 1 bi^Ai* ttii\t bi'id *n1ii t^^l ntt'^ifa ; u ba'ii^'u qid Viha : " Ma l»i 
I ynddi' \i\\ik ; bik dt limi' AllAb Lkknm 'rJ^kl wo qiirinitdk hiikACiiii 
'iJu quililF- koilti wi> 'idm qmlilp iitiL Uk ^'->-b h d dimyiL.** W« 
l^mk 'ikwikdti 'jl] Allrili, Wti qui: ^' AlLili yihii diiiLjiiilik U 
yiBUnKikJ' U bu'dfn hiuiu \\iu rMI fuq miiihiL, *v kulJ« jdoi 
}ijiilu iDi^iyK Ii n iiA^ yiibnibfl uiuiiJ^i, li r rA^i|/ wi g gji^* 

XXV 

F1 dti^q* jvdaqqAl] ir niU ^aU driithiim. !■» klii yt^un 
gid&* win M 'iahiq wo^ibi biiit jiklitJli 1 ni|l inJU I mtui^ 



EXRRCISES ON THE SYNTAX 



zm 



" Duqq! U*iiUiM'l 'ala I Lsmt 'In ;" Te MyiL tdmjiji In, Wl 1 matn 
iniu dol tlsntli G I hjuvfir! mm dOt, wj tak"aq «l lijQl ; " NlWyina ' 
K^it we iirkiluiura ^ zlil w& oduqqti c^Q wa nUbir il bfindt sAn wit 
nkliri^Liv 1i il Will Ilk' v.V) : illi Ijh rm^H>>]i*yidviqi) w^llH^^tuhirw^llft 
vidiniir wiilla v^nhHf bakbtn/' W& miQlnio] aim nuwftn il 
n(rik I! hlitil it ^utlAMTi ^cduiqum 'ak dnqTiuhum tJikt kbutfl^ u 
r;u<|tA au tjilnt niii|:il fuq ciQiithciia '»Kin Lc j^Tna loigle tihqn 
hilwu (1 ti'^ili ir rAgLl yitiikm ^i^ibbiba ti^'uiljk ^atu fi^iAn id dnqq, 
Wi 1 binl rl hibi' tlduqq 'da di11*ha sb xbimi! dira [bi vbiklo 
lAdwlTLt di^^ 1^ nibqyu) u *tila qOrithrv ; we witqiiba lamma yibqn 
d ilaqqe fi idhu t-ifiti.^ khiuiqitba we tibqa laUn 1 asAwJT' il fftddA 
A id^ha, wi a »T^ha ii raqiibiViha wl \ bjklaq fi widunhii w« Tiilbfft 
Jiha q:imi^ iswid W0 ttibte minou gnlJubtya b*\U tibqii t hilgjLt dt 
mib^VLTiAliih Wirmihu bilwii. Veduqqum kL^turLH '&lsk 9Jdr il inma 
'aIa 8bfli] il bidiilq. LeinuiJ kiiii ftli wlLifd I^a^ lu '&iya, wi I 
ViyA ilih biLqik )'i'ii(^H.9hi] ktlr we yik.hi\\U\i yisbrab utoiyii iiiia 
^faur qarj^n, ti Uiqa ^f^kul U nkl it uLit L'ljlt w& ma b^Lqi^b il 
nkJo yimul *ali^h wula jmfa* ^ ^ b»'deti ahcLwir 'tiqJu w? q^ &|^ci 
m'bI w4tiiJ mill ill ii^ il luitqAddiuilu fi » sinu; fo i'aI; m'&t 
wihid 'lUTini yi^liL* <ib'oTi fwn-fc, w^ qjil In leiTaLl^ ja *iniirne fuUu, 
(inu l^u^l 'ravil 'iLiyu kaA4 k>L£iL ; tihCkw^qiUlu; " Yimkm ju biil 
Ii?uiuj4k kuTiW yoiu aim ciM, wnlla L^f^^^- ^"i'liftti *itU funi *\ 
ilciiiHrl 'jiLn^ wu riLuljiirit, 'u\ t\aln, W4 yimkiii u^luk kiiiit^ banJAu 
Urnma kuDt« viqif qLnId&Tn il fuin ; fe yiiakin waqtihii 1 fiirtm 
dill yoklla 13 HG.btkl> n^iihii Uiifcra tckAn hji^it tt^wii^in samitk ti I 
i'lim wi ril4 iii^ khadti^lt ^ iiufNik wnla '(et^ leiiiu^ da o^lu ytkuii 
RamiLk matjUl A I turn* we bl niiUib c|illLt CkriUk kbiiUfit nhl 
is mmak tigi 'alt'k iniik il fum we biya lli 'niyitak ; WilIIk 
yimkin kutte *atbb&a ti kiiUJsUt u QLouto bi ^at^^hiik wi nta *lnf 
Eiafniic IcLJiaok '^^liin, wh hikin luiu tuqU diiuilgh&k gbcilub 
'al^k in uAm we iiiuit, ft I 'ii'iya ba^ul 'midak bi Hit^b Jl 'uIiLsb : 
fi 1 ahpiQii Uftxih 'i^Tid& wAhdn gbufjnrfya tikbollftm * tiduqqi litk 
*itl4 mdr&k." Wti hQwck doqqc ai^ya If rftgil ma qui lu, uWdSn 
kluiff. 

XXVI 
Fth nis ^imsbtira fi a hikk^ w^ jiLt^ulditttm li WEi>tdubLina wa 
bufiiQm yulcAriLL yjiukiu b<-) if Od^^rfl Ji 'ibudiL IC^tlibmu w^ imuib- 
gbllllii ii\i, \iti yiuikiu ^i^kriiiu bklrf,iu Ijudlliu qudjlm md^Ji&nua^la 
jui meruqq'i'ln au yimnhn 'tryiliili;^ in nls yeqt^hi ^al^bum dM 
iDA^nta au luugulb iku ihuliyn. We iLininii oiiu 'ndt il wall ma 



' Tut tLLbtyin, uidmur. 
* » iflttkikrt. 






sea THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EOITPT 

^ukiiuddLe min h&ilile ftilUe w&la ^q^>aU]ii> min hadde hAg&; w* 
ifd AkliadQ Mga, fulQci o,n hidQm, Uumma yifiirruqClium U & ni* 
il mjuAWtn ; vq yLmkiii iza ^hkfiliim wullu Bhirbuuj vimkiu yokh-- 
lum H giiit*a tniti t1 TiiIQa ilL l^i Ihum, wi 1 hnql vifiumqfib ; 
W0 lUciik ma hndditih yighdar yiHhufUmn biyulrhluia £h wiill» 
bijifiluubfl eh wtita h&ddiah yi^bdar yeahufUuiu biyeu^iitn wiU* 
mil blu^Ld.'^li, \H^n1 llulibLtiiu Ll^wu ill VlIIiu buLum. Vii u aks 
vuraJiil *A,adi]huiD }'f£{)rf]huni ijj\ kAnum VHlcrUid linjln. V 
mbji'd id n^ yuq^iidum quddcimliiun, wi yekQn il in^la *ftat 
^iftilLu 6 mafi'tilu yift^kjLrLa fi 'nqlu ntJn ^her mih y«qul lufaam 
bt 1 han&k, huuiimk yetjiilQ lu Lu kou niiiL imFft' yeqfllfi ^iklflui; 
DUi fih4>h, ypq^lO ' *' II Tn^'fl.1n Jf urn UuuOi ika,fa% wi s Aiklui dl 
AD 1 mitihVdr dili au 1 balud di a\i \ f^'tha dl lua tim^blfib flbik" 

XXVII 

Eurt l^l>i mic vdt ij Uy^ll kan fth^ khfitmit Qur'fin 'ftld ehln 
(arah ; vi I (aiuh da kiin flh f^^^^ ^nljid, wo k&n flh flijl bSyiqr^ ; 
wi I fiqS d« ^Jtii kuwifciyifl, yii'nl mi^^iyiit fi I qirava, we kiait 
in nA« m^LliriOmiL qaMa betiAmn'u ; wo khn wAlad vi£;^e mm niji* 
»1I1 qa'dln, we kin yeqtU: "Y$. eulim u tiiUim f amma |A{ il 
lEadri' da ^mtl itlt biyiqro." Wiu^ti^UL kHu abu 1 fiqt hjUir; 
q&Dt fiimi' kUisit^ tr rugil, u qftoi '&lu h«h] wi kin venih dirib 
k«fTf f wHhahii. W« k/in il u-nliuL mh «Ankh, we Ic^ait ia &Aa 
toqliifi Wa fiu-kbit il wAliid^ we qllit iuh; "LGb, ya Tftffil, aJa 
BbuQ oh? HpLr&in 'iL|''k^ drLrat>t tl walnd il k&fftdjblfhf^ (M 
luliuDQ : " NUuLVtu imfjid U j^u, wi 1 hnjitdu li lllL ha^&l kbfr 
'bIa kied«." We moqnild abu L fiqt clAiub^ il knSi* ^hIa b<i^ 
*ttlmhftD kbfiyif *Mh min il ^^n, uh-an yinbisLd, u f ddfb il Ifijhfi 
lua hoMl iQflb Liga UIa kull il kbGr. 

X5YTU 

ij^nw yi'yi^ ^ckiyil ^ugbMiyar veiitlm &Uu y^QlH; "dft 
yimkui fulAii Lusodu woIIa fulAiuL j^juiiiibLii i " yfii.jtimu fVfflliti 
Abuw&iyit fiJull} yi^qt^^ilUuV hi ; u yimkici yjikbd^ f^ittit knii,bfcq» 
min il khulqon i] qinbinn, hitUi fugbAivara. d^MlatiWAra oitdd il 
t^ft^h, ytHju^tlbA bi I m4qiL«{i wo yikhdiliLj>, iua yikluliriflh |^iU 
ycihuflium, we jilmkLkliJuu Um I'niyil, yu'ol yowMlltt'fllut wmija 
I malb A II nAr wikiya bittit shiibbji lifi-n min '^rjd il '^tf^i wl 
yftdjtkfaUiaiiilh *]u;hlLn tr rlhn ItL^to ma >v«<bimuiibu iL*«iyil; « 
tAUWu mik bakhklubH^h bi r r^i^wA tmbt 

' CcmUncWi froii^ mm IQ fi^. (Hcgm i* laid oo ibo uun. 
' o-Q L|u-b (nuhw. £ k^fiu d&mb). 



EXERCISES ON THE 8YST.VX 



3(>: 



lia Vp-n y«Liia zlr iaa,iigtid £ bet miu l>i\iit wiUd jl 'ntnli, wi 
■ Bir da miLsalan malvdn moiy& wallu hfi^o, wc ^b is eir wiqi, 
rain '^a t bammiUa brtahtu we ^abbe £ ] ard. LeqQm il mora 
lix'al VB tinwihir, wfi qnUiiha yelublie, wi tqlil : ** ya tarn, rab 
>igpft ^b fi I b^t!" TT ba*dfiQ jinikiii t^ucii tetjOl fi tmfsiha; 
■■ yjL b]tU4 Tiiyha t^za^'bll biiFbik l^h ^ Viitikiii hritijHii] i mii^lba 
^nlla ha^a, vi tkQn ft^lili^k imzr^ nixlla uifa nulljt LA^'a mia ri^l 
v&Uft min miiriv vekuo LadJe dukljjil ^Qwa betik wv hLfif il furHh 
vi 1 mat^ih m«hairn\ we jimkin, larama dnktiEl, F^habftq wnltt 
qittlahe ' TDJi shii^' Allnh/ wala Mgo, £ 1 mos'iLla di Lo^alit min 
ked« we Jdkiii il luundu li ll&h JUl gat 'ala k«tle/ 



xxs 

'ant il iiiKiii yi'niil In t«4wtL'a 3'i]^»iq)i& 'a)» isLjjji iu ua^io, yegtb 
hiUit vnriuja we viglh ibra wallti dubbfls^ we yim^rik il hiuit 
iJ HureqcL bi Idu vq yiqa^^lui bi 1 miujhAf we yirRUaba 'aIu bJWub 
i^^nie tAqvLj-ilbaa^jlJAiDfWC jikbaiTaqJ warru]n}ii 1 ibrave veqill; 
'^^ '»n firlAna u tijtii M fllo u llfLuii.*' >ve huw& bi^yiklijLn'uq flbu, 
ya^ni □ tioa illi bunn zanin iRiniUibum boHudO ibnu ^aUiL bintii; wi 
mbu'de mn ^ikhairaq il wmnqa khurtm khurflm yegib -ud tabHt 
we yimaik il w^raqafi Sdu we yihairarlm, ya.'iii yi%&i\dti.tr il waniqa 
qucl<Uni nij-ih^lt II 'aiyil V6 yiniUlji'ha uv ,vLdurrUiu fi 1 hima. 
l«qfim ii 't'D IC'i-ub min il walail. Yfl immuTAn jalchud qjiram, 
yu'nl in ka-ii bint yukbiid luaudJha tniu 'ala nL^ha ixa kaait 
'Uiqit fib we Ikijti *aiyin*, wjtlla iz& kan waJjul yakljud tatjifiu illi 
'iHi| i\\i, WH yittjjddu 1 qatAT 'nude w^tldd min tl fuitabb illi ,\ttkuij 
va'pftf y^U il qfitftr »i jkmi yj*r(if yitUh bi^ftbiit Ji 1 'tyiA ; wo 
hflwft tuuwu ma t\Xfi il fjiiTui yt^qLliD ji'mf U *cijj« ilii 'aiyftn buh 
11 *aijil wr yifin|i il kiUb we yi'mi] hisrtb in nigm we yiklib il 
hi)jj\li ^aliL tjamb luuciUJa iii^ il 'iii}'!!^ wu yiktib £ 1 l/igHb A.)'h 
luin iylVt il ijui-'in isb *bfli'lf i xre uiBin O "aiyil Ukbud il bigib 
mm if fif|l bi qabQl minikii bi nlyn kbal^a, ne takbdu ti^ullidu 
bi l^itlit 4,'Ild'? tikKtiyAn tJimar wiilla ^ar wtdia kbdra\ t(-yts ixitt 
iWHti, wf u\{ bi riervliu lu^Hfa walljii i^erthbe &\^h ugiit it IkglM , 
w« tukbdiL ti*hi(iiou ti 1 'aiyit & J'tu^Hhtu bi ^iUit qif&n walU 
i^luHt wi tfiiuwiti^ lu min ti^bte bA^u th tbimfil ; vro tduwu tna 
kll^ il 'atyil 'aU 1 (ugjUr icjflb il inura tlwaddi i iiuib«a U 1 
fi^^t *>ila ^iMib tburulburn waiyu bnMuhum. 



1 S^ S 4b9 r«ni< 



369 



TOE SPOKE?? ARABIC OF EGYPT 



XXXI 

HiDii f Mib^r Uft kAb il wahid yogjb ^itUt bft^IkUa Mt rMl^ 
Itil^auk jvkim filiirLbuEu U 'jyjiJu vi jekmi dakliil litilium '&]« 1 
h^t, ^eqfLDJ im kanit miii'A ^tultji ragU mtii iu EU^H iMi huiuEiiii 
tthh^ bAEfid v'u '^Dfliuui botjikbud n-i bctibfo^ dl 1 medii, ytf<iCiiiiil 
veqfllQ; *' yn a>U^m dn Man d^ kulU a&'d bc^iiihtid ]^\i;il »i 
yekLuttliribi bbii 'aU I-Hit ilbikUi Hi £t^e dlh uiilIju 'i^Iil miLki<«b 
Icuwikiyis ^illti' fi khidiitft kun'aiyii^ik '^luje ^'ljjuV* fri^nk vfuil^ 
yokuQ li ^rriyu tiot^'it biidbuw^It tm^k. " Wv yiuikin fi we^jIq m* 
huRimb yu'tWum jikkjillimu wi yequni^ wi yEUiatl je>iClu il 
Luaia jjdili I kugti U mriitu we bly^ tkuu (fiyliii ahuvAtjit bAin^ 
wullaflbwLiiyit mulukblyu w« tigi tqi&tta' U liittltfin U luhum, wl 
tkun mokhiin^tiA 1 b^i^ltlia we riLinyu Ibum il luhbbit ia eubmu li 
'-^rr il dalU; we t4jwu ma rauiit il htttit^n G ^ulb il IluIIuh ivh 
wbqtibn LkCin n mor^ qii'da qudilAm il |^]]h, wi ibii^Ai tlnfji | 
IjIhIIh r;Atlit vt\ Ei:L«hu1it mln foq il kauftn IJ iialidibH wi tinih inftk* 
bQba 11 wa\kdtha mitt gMt naa hiLdJi> yozuqqiW wUii hadde yi|rl 
yiiniisitba, we t4uvro m& kksltbit U t^iJla jekilii ir liL^il kb^ru 
II gih mja kUii^LIu, tcqQl : " Ya bu (f^Hii) rna tiE'^Uli, ihrm kaH 
Hfna 'd hatlo. 'u^hon tniluhcLr qt^^shu *^ht we IfLkin il^n calftd 
f Ihib a ^lim u ulculUt li v^iU^diba/' Vequ! liha : ** Yu (f iiUfu) 
ttfiA kuiile djlkliil uuix IfAb il bvt u Almfitul (fiilfijm u fuUnu) «e 
lAkin il luLDidu li Uib illT giLt 'uln lutShit i^ tul^plkh wi kkubblt, 

Wi tJh dakbul w^hiJ bl b»t^tkba wuUa ^yo bn^-t in Itlcit iHi 
ykl^ti t^Luiiliu li \ ttk\ w'l yt-kuu mai-n auIU i%ii ^'LAtf^L) wv hfiitA 
rikljiir slijLfbiim, yiftlkir loinue dijl ylmkiii rkJla Lji^Mi^irt iri 
ytH)Q.l : " y^ ntiju (114 kiititinh flbuftukaTD miJu bhufdul ; yiiukin, 
^A wfld, mniUui f!<M sl]j'if(^k iOqu' tniiuvak il Im^tkbfi li wnl^dDi* 
uukluT wabt dAIcliI wjlU uUhi'jhb miiiLci/' Wi n urn kkuu-Huh 
11 buttlklui yimkiu yikhilniq mirltri wulU wiliMu : ve tauw^ ittA 
UibA4l il kliijiilq waIU b»'il LI i;i9&ii ma \iuf41Uk' luiu il khi&dq «i 
yurQq ypqill ; " W AlUh ya (fiilJiiik) u tViJ tilt l^uvfnl liuA 1^ 
dd mill -i^u (fuiaiw) iUJ jlUeIGUl! w nau dJlkliil bi I UvtAhft.*' 



XXXII 



SAia^Ad Flh IJ IjiimtVni run lk.hi[ehHbO>dk willul il g^ U iL«br|tyft 
w« iIh yeiifl-14 I0 iii'LU bl Abtbb tmiiAEh I bnmiUa rukur R[kblMin(^ 
«• yiwikblM^ AlUh Wi y^iOi; <*yb IW^n " 'liZt yn<ll ^yft 

1 - wo Ola (r,«. wuIU). 



EXERCISES ON THB SYNTAX 



SCO 



lU'bf " biiimik& [ ham^ ir rflmt 1 al^jftd vm tlVwa £ rigJCb ilatj, 
we luh s}iTiwf*bii rish fi itiku ; wj HI jet\A[ ^' Allflh ! AlUhT" 
lii^wa 1 ^amanj 1 uwid, ^ughai^ai- *a.Ji ir r-Qml wi oMF £ gi»:iiiu, 
Wq AEoma 1 bkladf yiakiir Aliab hikLur, wti liUda jl b^ne^ti d3L 
yiaktirijh ziy^d^ 'an il bikladl; wi J btLlittl! btd UK^uaqqatlD 
miqiit nuq&l, nbinar 'al ahyad- 17 ftli tirukh bJodt minhiim dik 
ivrnu dtlc me*<jj^UT- lub fi rigUh 'OEhar ^wibi% wi bOwa abyud 
kbalirt fi 1 16a ; w& y^Qlu in ifme hfLwa r^kbar hirse fi I tctf wi 
1 |ji<t lIU yibqa maugQd fib jibq^ murzaq w« nju^'ad, vrt lamma 
jl'iu yidd&n yi^fina' dfk il 'ar^cb we yiddoD warflb. 

XXXIIl 

II k&lb U ftf r«b lammn yigt quddam bet il inBio yoq£Uii il 
Wflbid m& yibim^be leumu yiitr&bu wal& vi'xtb : ah»kn lii 1 
Ahruiu yihr-jo 'a-V^h bi luqmit '^ah wi yekhuJUij yerilb bi I rua'rOf : 
Abaan yimkiu yektln il IcAlbi da, yekun wahid min ikhwanna 1 
f>io yitU'um fi u oah^r uu G 1 J^l fi ^ liat kil^ib vjt-Lla f e,iitt qalaL 
Wi All k&D il mujii mm d6] walla r rftgil min dQI y«aliQf il kidbu 
rlifa uu il qu^^a dt vi yt^rAb y^glb 'a^&ya yidrabhum yeqtlm il 
maiTL au ir nigil yiliibis fi ilra'a wiillfl. 6 riglii. flU U mam pliibi^ 
gismiba kallu, a buMfn iJ vrAhid iniiiliam yi'ya. 



XXX iV 

Iia kfifi ttAhid Wehllwu b(-yisi.ibAmtnn fi I httrarDAm yiktutbbAf 
bi rigl*jb^ ntkliiv ba^, fi I ftrd, w& j^kun wjuitiha Wi\hid luiu il 
gall £ I miklitkll ilii tiuwrt kbabbaT fih dib, yeruh wtu|tikji yiltibis 
iiib «)iAi«bifii dn, u w!i,qtilui, bt r^Lab ma libau 1 gJLa, yiltqa 'ms^i 
fi gisniii, wiilfl ma ytffu<j^t» min ii 'aiya btl'u itta n kan yemh 
yciQr shCltt min il mashijikh; wo yimkin nm* kutn lyartu fi 
I nmabAyikb, yinitinf minnu 1 'ikiyn ; vre illu ftb tiAs mm il fuqjkbn 
min LD ml? il 'fllimlu, ilii yikua 'andLibuia iiift^rifii Irkiyib^ bi I 
kitlbl^ bumfnji yiglhbvrum yiktib\!^ In bigdti ; we vilimilu li lutrFiii, 
wr* yirakiii, bi M^bckb h\m] il bi,^n.bdiLt| RabbiiuL yakbud bi yodJu 
*e yiflbfib we yin^ilrif nuunu r rib dih. Wi 1 luiHia rukbdn icu 
kAo wnlii^a luitiLuui u&yina TLft^al Zii^altuik mm guzlta ikmiDmi 
mlj^gauwiz 'iil'"'bfi, ao vftknti "aiyil min 'iyalbfl mit an min huddo 
yokftn yvcjrftb lihfi» u f waqtibo byiflro min numha* mafifi-n, we 
yimkiii btkbud mci^ib ^bsdl wi^b^biba au gbaflU idj^he ^u rigl^^ha 
tti tmh l^lfftha fi bSt ir rMia wala tduatanliet yequm yflbiaha r 



AilTtrbiAlly^ for tiuyib&. 






8T0 



THE SPOKES ARABIC OF EGYPT 



rtb wJiUftlginQ; we knimfl jifhamum ahliba Isitxn^ dl *ftlMiA 
jUi tiatinuynb '&!& xyuliii, tamjJli bzQru l^unDa jijiQirif ■"■"!■*- 

XXXV 

Suloiit il gtn teliDti fi i b'L^ni^iTiit All fi matiKlUt biyftt U 
adub all fi tcahELllLkt tnikhgflra ma ^uddi^h jiii>]curL SAkinhumt Vft 
fckuD suknithum fi I kbnla, y^'tA fi T g!bi1 an fi ) mi^hArAt; « 
minhiim min il nl^mnr u minbuni min 11 isvii), Wi m Uft il 
iiisJlri yekutk TiAyim fi b^t mnJigtir me'n^|r>Lra, W6 bOwa r H^ 
du yiinkick yekuji '&£ib li wiL^du — w^ iilti fi k&mi rn&ra 1>ii 
'Anbh li wjLbililuL — we 11 snbab il b^t da vekfio iiibiifnr «« 
gbfr siiknjt nrls fidflmtja yimkin yel^ftn il gftn yistcimfth, W* 
hina n k£ti ir rilgil ma yekunehe '^nf inn ii b«t dih mn:4ktiD| 
yooggikTu we yi^bZEil ^iedlu ; we yimkia min auwiL iC-la ma yel 
fib. wo dn bi nabab aia ykuntbi- vrniyfJi 'aiyil wiAa auum. yeqAm 
lamma yonAm yf^^iim yisRui' takhbit £ 1 bi^t- wt^ hiiwa nilyim fi tf 
dalma; U inin kbf'fu yeqfllD min in ri5m yivjilta- larucja vmllft 
flbun'a; U t&uwe ma -n'jklla* il lanida yibu^a Daa yeljLqi^li t&khMt 
walft bfigii- Wi £a fJilTo, we yioiVia tlni mariu, jiuikin ypbufi^ 
yilUqi t takbbit dir t^[i1 ; yMfiim jlwjiUA* il lamil^ we )«ta&ni 
qjj^iil ^aJu bi^hi tftl il IpI walb yshOf in D&m ti *@riu Jankma y«dfLr i 
DuliiLi we yillti^ 'ala kbiV, Wi la ma walWebe yimkm y\^t la I 
wfiHid luiubuui fi piFdt kaJb, walla f ^ifat quU* «»)ia f fifjU B^Ve 
wnlla Hrkfi'9 nihlla arrtJLb walla hft,^.i min il wul^Qah. We yiqilar 
yi^Liar wc yi^i ii bani &dam fi fil'at kullo a^bya miu U I^tvfliial au 
f v.]fat IuIlI adam^ We hiim touwu ma zubur li r r^Li au li 
I mara yi^um yihbUhu bi tdu au bi riglu ; yi^qfliu ii wAl^ii 
niviihtim inHftLl* miii uomu ; u waqtibfi 174. knn y«lnui ^i'l 
fiiijm, yimkiij ye<|am yitwadda wa yi^alli rak*jtr-n n 5i<|ra 
Dujtindlyn tiklat Tuairit. w« \yi% 11 Kiirst morrat wi yvibi^ ; 
■riuiuhu iza kaii Hb AukkAn mJu il gXa fi 1 bAt il mahgiJr ^ il.i- ^-i 
ktOliiboiD. We itnjEna lin kin wa]j.id mawLm "aui y-' 
m^ille b^t il adab wulla bft siabgA.r yMiftl : " A'fliu kj riiii.*i 
iiuu Uh f4j^U(i ix n^Un," u waqtv ma dakba) ilMi^^ 
kulb* Iji^n \n hhImTi Iv innu ihIu^jU bi llAb iiiin inji nbAUUi U BDJ 
kullr* piiL ; fe yi\W' nAj^^ aakltm mii yi^i^ Itihthe Jj^a. Wi^ 
ahjtbrt^ JLnma-iuEt, yu^id bi tialw-b ir« (iy^m wi J ad&n U<^ U 
din wv i|irayJt il Qur'it;! fi 1 biyCit kullc waqt, w« UUiuiha 1 
(Uyni fi ] ^awAini' — f» itlnu bi Mbab kidlin t^lil 
lika kaiiJlUf yUiMu I ^ib Maigflnift Bin amrul tvi 
li jjliJL^it il 'hi U xU|:Wyar. 



EXERCIfclES ON THE SYNTAX 



371 



SXXVl 

Ita. ka& wtthid m&jihi fi I kh&ia h vAhdu fi btid il iwryAf 
Kiftliyit i^ G\zo. All DaJiyit libnliu hu ^Lertiu. UVi fttiutn oia 'iuub 
min qa.{tA*in i^ (itrEq Wviq'iuJum tamalll fi 1 kh:ilu ^fti^hiin vilAqH 
wiUn<l j'isUfradil bu we yiuisikfth in kan wairiih hiltit bumArn 
yi%\]n hittit^ Lumftr wriUa gnb aba valla gnnnU ^ilEIb <|4.'Q(] ; i^u kan 
iiAa mill Oil] vilAcju wjJiid loiVUi uilu 11 Ij^At ilt in kuii turn 
Ijiwiinir; wa.\]» min fuKiA wollk miD malblla, ^akbdOba mitinu wt 
^iqtUilb, wrUiL ri^uici'ii minnu kalim lomma y«qii] iabuiu : " Fi 
^AT'liikuBit dHjyibklui - mad^m kbrt<itu 1 liAe^ betabtl." ilia, u k&a 
^it^ikiii 'iLDiru luM II : wi II kiiri 'umi-u HUubuij^r yMjfllQ hr : '* Ya 
n\yil iLnii nsi^'^ilmtc imtv * Yiuikin tenib tiftui li I huktima 
ttu tj-ub tukhbii^ ti lAikh 1 biklud K-ttL^t&k, u ba'df-n ilJ^ukfim^L tnk- 
huil klialiai', 11 buiunj/i 31(^1110 r&khiilljiii wi jewfiddilnft 1 kmiik'^u 
«>- ^ihJLfr^rilriH I itn\)t \\ ulrjfLiI HU ,vewjkdd?liiu, fi laniAri 1^ U1t» 
au ( hiriirVn '|'iirn, Ahsan bi I nli^n ihnA iiituh Iflzim lE^kb/ill] 
Iftk gbiibJirtyA." V ba^di^n bumma yidlinhGh w viflftiiLlh we 
jrutlimu 'ali'b wn yofjlti^h' Uina tnuwe ma f^tflb yuq'ai) y^tti 
inXkai nrknU 'ivMbiuu, 'aUi E^yh mn yuq'ud, u bn'dnn yifU' 
'nfrUT yibqifc I pifjLl i^uniir iiu amab nu qiit^a U.U kulb au sab' nu 
i^tih* atx auui uu nj^ au qird fku bi^n^, ya'Di li lEutUt kulle 
BabyEh; •»*-■ icn kau wtlbid m^Abl li wal^du li I klinlu, ne bflwu 
yitliu' fl sifat tiiuiiJr. yeqQir ir i%il veqaiu j"irkubu we ye^jfll fi 
'uqlu : " 'ula kulJe ^h] U I^iiiilAj Jjl yiwnd^^tit li l^odd il t>ulad 
l»U*t[i" *e I'lkin loft ji'ruftibt hii\i\i- ik. 'ttfrit ; voquro baqat 
bfiwa wi I- rugjl tcikib fuq uimiiu jeq^'jui 11 I ituwul jib4|ik iiU 
mil]-, u bft'ien yebii^f ir rJlj^il vilfic|Sb baqii tfllu taUt iirl^il 
itPt^r ; ti ba^dfiii ir tigil ixft k&& yekuii mi^uh ^kkjitu we 
jipbllitl^lLn niiu gdba, we )itiill4'^ is ^ilil^ min U btt W-tA' Idu, — 
w<3 humuiu mill Wt il 'ufr£( vrkMfu miu la tdlJlb w« niiu iu 
tiAr. — wi 1 'nfdt luiQiDii ^biU ir rii^il t^la* is ^ilik miii g^bu qum 
qhl li r rugil : '^ I'mil □in^'Qf loa. tidj-itbuieb w tinn w;L4<lik li 
bvlde lietdJCn^' U ba'diou miii Wde uin kiin (01 aH^i't uiitAr 
\Mi\n d t^il niitrn wA^iii u \i'HH<]t| ir UL^'il li l^o^M iil djlr bHln'tLi; 
Wtf yiqamma^ Zi-yi 1 ^um^r ilh yekuD sahih ue v^Hl - " Yu 
ligil, Inu ma kiuk^« waiydk ifi eiJub <lib lUia kvnte ta.iivnhU\k we 
JnmWTlitukte^ilrlt." 

U bn'iit^-ii ynkiiiL bu^a r hlgil dji waIU wA^id ghi'ru m^ht 
fi I kliAla u ttii'fih barftda mj'ftmmai-fl, w»> yitla' la I "ivfrlt da bflwa 
nolmi, w*i yi|;i k f fifat djvb* ftu lilb, wi r Higil ynmlj dArib ffh il 
barfltht jibip I 'atrSt Uijiiiii, w« yitjcja (fllu 'ik«iuija tnJlrtlwj' initr ; 
wi zn kun wi^iid yiiidiu* jiqm 'iiir'b iyit il Kund vixUn f 
^^oiuiuilyu. UuM'<j IDA qJiT^lu Wfi^vibu I luiitid jviiiutuu ^tUu wa 



372 TOE SPOKSN ARABIC OF EO\TT 

yerfll) fi IjiUu. Wi I mirid ma yiqditrshe jintiqil min tonir^m 
tlje m» tan '»filj nuwul ; ' we tauwu ma yidr^b wA^iiJ Tlh 
mdebah, waILl viBhAh^o, yeqOla o oda leiimu jibqa ft 
b&rtCalih qjkdlnm. 

XXXVII 

II ka1b« Umma yuqftf we ri'auwl qudJam tiAra Doiii 4^1 
wdU quddauj b<H miu d51 jt^Ala □ nAs ill! ^ma^Ab ^eqQlu : 
"^ ML Ink. ti'jvn^ftii? Ya Mih ral^ J'igi'A ^b ? " Wi yaqlllCi U 
QAffuhum : ^' yimkiD h^ddd ral^ jomUt binft d 1 JiiLm w^Ia fi I 
bit illl hutvib wnqif quddimu/^ 

XXXYTTl 

Wrtqte wilAd il kutlfib ma ^it]a*um wo ^ulcfkiu 'uuzUi 

jr^tmLiWkliiitn liiyuthum. ftkWA n kAD fi Ma^r au fi I ai'jM. auvuI 
nuL yi^u kb^ii'tfin tnm InVb il kutbftb, jimkici ^ekfliiu vsHiA »] 
fEJ^n itt ifU^iki^Aiiu il A«hqlja ffAqfia luistarimpiihaiu ; Itkkiii fl 
fifit Uikuu ULukhfija veklQum humiua sbffla bi 'vui^buiu wiLid 
il IcutUb we buniiDA tAl'itit WI 1 viHd m& jetlnfl^ tbi^&ihiim ; 
we biniL dM vi^um yet^bbum jiebuikftJdhitm w« )¥i^tou wU^ 
il kutrUb ^'^QsJ^bum ta]|to rigl5bum yimauwit^bum. 

XXXIX 

Iea kail milt wuJiJd wi udiLfaD yimkin Iclithft jibqn b^yia *B&d 
ohlu £ 1 bft illl UuWd mJlt flli v-i* pthni^'a' lubuni. leirujc 
li^r^n Diau^ndti fi quib il Mi. Y&;Qmu afalu vi-|^Il<um Itn^n' 
firqiibi au w^jid tiql ytqrii 1 Qur'4ii, J f vni^ it TaUi bt^H, 
buiiiTnu yircikin y^?hnfQh G n n^m, ii mbft'd it tftUt layAll mii 
yesbE^fLtbahu U fi z zi^hir'' wnla t 1 b^^^n ; - u bft'd^h il fuciiihjh 
r&kbrll^ uifHUiuiu w? ji>rAh^ li ^Alhum, Wc likin il £kiv <Jtlij 
illi bHyirtiUir^h in iiAh- -UtiriTLuhum yeqAlu yukftii mau^Adj 
kbiyill fl I bi-^ - fi 1 qij] dih ^'i*kiin min iu uiswAtiuu una LI 'iyii u 
£Ufrhiu.vitrtu : nc* chiuTuLt t ri|;;fA]& y«r,iririQ leiim il fikre dib iWIl. 
Wc luiitiJii iui klij ir I'A^il yAun quibu kbiiflf wi r**ufll ; " Au« 
i^huFti^ w.ihid khiy.it/' vn yi^|fll II q^'^l <Ia li wnljtd mhi if niiiqrivin 
ftu e1 fiiquliEi All il ^ulMTkA, huinmiL y^CL]rM."it ^ 
yDku&tfhv* jitAiiiffId iiiin il maiyit illi mAt : dftnmi>. 
niA fUL&t il miuyJL ; " viv yiribit.um 1i'I[)ijm biiwn ILi* i^ db^< 
bote^ wit;id kin itqiiUL fl 1 in&bikllu tiiiti qublc lAbiq * 

* A» be cotdd whoa ba wai ui cLfnyot beforot 

* Only tlw KjiiHtH uf Ukmh wbo Iihvm m^t with a violoi^t il*<alii 
AM g«omlly b«ii«vod tci rouu About tb« MLrtfa- A H«daitlu 



EXERCISKft ON- THE SYNTAX 



S73 



XL 

Lariui]& D Doe jeebflfu oigma we hXy^ OftEliL tDio ia eooiik 
reqGKi 'u]£bft leiimitia nij^lU 'aU ahft&D biLraqiU ; we amma I 
q^l i1 ma^bflL ItiitTiiha. tiriLil 'u.la z zurV jlmkiii til^riLqu, ya fi 
gn^iia 1iJ^-a^ il fawSkiti Ii9t4<itha All i^ ipgar bebaJ^hft tux tittiil fi 
1 nrd u trntifl. 

XLI 

11 mt'aL'^'iitu fi ELwfLn w£iqt U ^5f Jamina trjum titla' b&^d id 
dubr fi ^ixfi U qai^'jUa Uiiitua d diiDi^a tibqn lo^^Lfihj^a ^i me- 
wulla'a £@yi u nir, wt^ tibqjl Ijik i] arde aukbnj^ li^yt) ^UnrEtrb in 
n^i-f tibu^^i tliqi 1 m?£D.iyanL dl tirlb' luk ^aln wi^bsL fl ard 
titunmtf u Wd^a titiii:^i tlj^^thn labtta izar i^byjLiJ u Inb^^n abjftd 
fi ttbj&d ; u fib mitibuQi illi 1 ins^n jitoiqi Iha wilad qa^din (;au- 
bilia walla f i^Hdnibit walk yekflimm daydu yil'ahum hjnA-itli-ha 
wi blyn qn'dji ; u ba^d^u, ya okM, tebu^i tUqihii bntiniUib li 1 
wnfaid bj isniu ilU huwa Dta^iot 'filiib, wi tquJ ^' Ya (fuIAii) I " 
M Viosi^ 'AU qAwt ; yc^dm il m»&a y«mdd« 'alMia *(U& hiL^b U 
mmbii Tijubdiiiu bi ernu ; ij Abuwaiva ii^biivF^i ylfLqIhrk mequinliom 
Wit metambiliL, idrbu rathyibu gunbiha, vi tqul lu : '* Ih\ n 
ammiik ; miv tkhaffih ;" yi^Qm il wjikid yiq&rmli ^aK'luk ^riUtitbix 
^JumuiliL ' titmi|i1 luin luAituhha. waU timsLlBh 'a)a ri^li^Ui^ 
t{Ut|Ilia L^yi t t^iyAt-u 1 maDFakbii ; wi I vfitLid* Ua kal lu ugnl 
«**utUJii (awll, y«jQiii y^qut fi 'aqlu : '* yfl wad, da |uiyfli w* 
bly uQiiiu^df kanit ^ihb fi I kbula ti'md oh f Da Ibalte, ya wivl, 
il njoiuiyjira illi ii ui? vnqAlu 'ol^bu. JT/' Witbu^i tlfiqt ^i.^iuu 
irui'nb wi rtft'iisb we gittitii kulIiUa 'u**»*it- TT bji'di^u yHkhud 
bii'dii a ^i^l; 71 touwu ma glri UtDfittat T^rih t^yi 1 kfim. 
Qfll iuv kha hQw& ju'raf yiqra t* SamivJIyu wiilJa ilyit tl Kiir^, 
Wr qiil tuunu yiqrs flhu ne yi^ri Umiiia yndi^ we yinJld itiinhu 
\>l qnt^ubti^ii tlilAf4L ; V7P tn-nwvt mii Iriq't nitri^n bi'ld "uriliH vhijQI : 
"il l^aiT^dii li lUb Rabb iJ Mluoiici illi Ilabbuna DiLg^anf cuinha 
'aIa kh^T," Wi B& k&a wuhid ota uuf^nh^ mirjbu HqQln }i litis 
yiqbft ^ Iba Vuat. iiadtd« ve< yibqfb Itium ibuw&k vtl t u^rnit»b 
lMTtA*iibuia t^y'i L Jlint ; wi Uiuwu luu qrii'ntb *a1i'bjL lim-iii nti lun 
yiffrl^b minha tf^^um teduoimu 'tkla ^Idrllku, \^i tl-iis^i tliiqi eb abLi- 
w&k diLkhalit una mdi-u fil'it luiii dAbiii, (i Wd^u \Aqa' yttiiOt^ 

GiRii told uifT b^ iii«t in tb« desert tliv f<Trm of rtn EbgUfth soldief 
who fwU whiltf tdimbiHg dd& gf tb© Pjtniaids. The eyoa, be doid, 
wore " mewiUln*ltt aflyi n nir." 

' VibqtL by tra&flpoaiUoB. 



374 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



XLII 

Fikr in a&a lamma w£hid jidrab wnl^id bi Hlah, ja^nt bi s&t 
au bi Hikkioa, we yiqlilu j'eqflm ir H^ beta' il maqtCLl yizhar fi 
6 sO^ we yikhabbat fib jeqfll : " qatalnt (fuISn) " ; wi u kfin ia 
eiluh ^ brtu yeqQm \(i\ tl 101 jikhabbat ftb yeqille nOm i^I^b il 
bet ; jeqQmll jishehakkO H 1 qatil ill! hflwa r ragil bela^himi wi 
}-eqlllil lu : " la silah beta^&k da ^^1 il Itil m& ^kbiillimtsb nennm ; 
hfttqill^ numri& l^b? Ma tsbil ailuhak min binaT ahaan yigt 
w£hid d£f 'andina wi yeniin fi 1 1^1 Hqalb il b£t, y&'nl yeqam fi 
] 101 we huwa uaTim yisma^ takhbtt i^ eilflh we yimkin il 'afrtf 
yequl le inne fulan qatihlni ; fi 1 aliRan bi 1 ahsan timcia' siliihak 
min 'andlnat ahflan id d^f lamma jisma' kal&m ir rth jervih 
jikbbir il hukQin&. Nibaytu shuf \b^ (arSqa, ya tirmi s silSh da 
fi 1 btr ya fi i bahr; il maqaQd ^^buf lak tartqa timsht 'alOha gye 
tariqt in kanit, ya unmatan togib barQda wi t'ammarba wi 
tidrabba flh yequm jilla' ir rU» hittit bartflsha, wi I baitOaha ya 
nwalla' biba Fm-D, ya nirmtba fi 1 khala^ wala hadde wala mahdQd 
vequl *al^na Mga wi n*Lsh salAltn fi naf^ina ful zamanna." 



VOCABULARY 



TO THE W0BD8 CONTAINED IN THE EXERCISES 
ON THE ACCIDENCE 

F^bT I.^Ababic-Ekglibh 

The following &bbr«viatioii£ are used Id thia vocAbularj -.^ 



a. Btauda for adjective 


pr. atanda for pronoun 




od. ^ adTetb 


prep. „ pre[>oeitioi] 




c, „ coDJunction 


B. p Hubfltantive 




coL 1, collective ' 


T, „ verb 




com^ H coraparative 


v.L „ verb intrajuiitive 




f. f, femmine 


v.n. „ verb neuter 




m- t, masculine 


v.t. f, verb transitive 




port „ participle 






J 
Augab approa^ (tima, saason) 


ftdf see here/ adtni, adin here I 




ausakh dirtier 


am 




aawilf iUiwilktxt firvi 


addt / give, wQl giat 




abadan never^ itot at tiU 


ftdwlya drug^ (aing, dawa) 




abb father; abflh hie father; 


aradi, pi. of ard 




^h^j^ my father H«t> '^^\ 


arbaVow'"; Wednesday i^ *^**) u 
ard earthy ground "** 


•3 '- 


t abuk&tQ lavryer 


v.es 


C abril april 


hx^iy^ floor, grouTtd 




at4bt now, aaeuredty 


arkbag ch&^er 




atwal longer 


azan li permit 




ag&za leo^i holiday 


aaf alt a^halt ^ 




agdod neioer 


aft^bl ^o^/e e 




agrumtya grammar 


a^ghar amailer 




ag^agl ckemiet 


afll origin, original state 




^ aghuf t^s august 


aabflhar marft (v,) 




abamm more importaaU 


a*dfi eneriUes (pi. of 'adH) 




ftbi it \M family 


a'rad broader 




4hAan frefter 


aW ^Vkl (a.) 





ns 



^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B 1 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H 


^ 370 ARABTCENGLISH VOCABULART ^^^H 


^^H (tqiUl iff^ 


okhkh brother; akhth iuT^H 


^^H (iq^l 1 ptcf/. wUi 4ay 


AnT^^er r^;} ^'^^^1 




Hkhkhiii- ;KWf7WM ^^H 


ftluun fomp^l, hofit n»p(rrmt>lt ^^M 


^^M iikuL, kiii^ ^<« '^'^xtii 


KtiXf thowanff f^ ^ ■'f i |^^H 


^^H ukiiiib / jjcjiir, thrill pottr 


tl'a.a JiiOTv occvrW iiB«i'l!Ui]i ^^H 


^^H Akfln F tiJujJf iie 


tForte ^^H 


^^H flJcWr tar'jer. older 


lUlif <^GlH[^»ti ^^H 


^^H okniLb / iiain 


am&r ordrr^ give ordffrw ^^^M 


^^H iikkid iTieitt, imjtrrMi 


kn arnrie (uf ft eonsDit) ^^^| 


^^H Akkil I/reedy. ^Mtlanoim 


anil / h^lo '£n^^H 


^^H Ak] ^ft^ri^ ; ,/t>f>r/ 


&nt r/Af^A 7 vi/idf f ^^^^^^ 


^^H tik^i^ p>-di.Ur^ httier 


HxiW cntf/faiit ^^^^^^H 


^H ab>.' 


nuhut «ti1iu uhv'hf mhatt ^^^^^U 


^^H ftlrbir (a_) foff ; (v.) ^(w^ baek M 


iiwhn $fiuion, fims ^^^^^H 


^^H /tkbi? fAitm^ 


tyie fiek {v.) ^^^^^M 


^^^^^ iikhTAa <^y onri (ium^ 


^H 




£n trherrv ; torn Ad (mm^D) ^^| 


^^H i^b %chni t 


ii-^umoi ^^H 


^^^ o, eioudl yfrttlanant dr 


gwii, uiwii fa ^^H 


W vmlA rehm I 


%jy ^jribik vAfOjUwr ^^H 




ibba'^iid Af fffnouv^ Jimp Qtmtj/ ^1 


^^B ih^ib'l r>-r4orJtf 


c£lM|/ ^^^1 


^^H [hltt^b i~ii(/(7r77i ; eoau pfoijs 


ftUll /« un^i/ad ^^1 


^^ a ibn 40n 


Utfi^l riKieh ^^^1 


I ib»flb (pL of bib) *foOT» 


itUbqil <nla jrpiMib rO^jhi^ io ^^^^H 


^^^ iL'ttgX'Hi^ fv ivt 


ibt4Li] f'^'fxit'^i ^^^^^t 


^^H Er»*>^Ah Z*^ nnuii^i*ii 


ittpAkhiil A# aft^i^yif ^^^^^H 


^^H it/Abkid /•« j-'mf^ir^'^ 


itUkhir tffijffj ^4f4<it ^^^^^1 


^H it'^libkbii^ f.e Jo'^ 


ktAllit /(A>it mih fii^iain ^^H 


^^H iil>abiivi9h ifufjwj Co 


itt-Hwib, itUi-ub i/tiitm ^^^M 


^^^H iUWIUlu fiifitu 


it{A^il» 'nU anault, mivuM ^^^^^M 


^^H itbdnk /^'- U^iW-rf^/oWufiiE/^ 


kl^ir ^r ffuilfid ^^^^^^H 


^^M Itb&ftAl ^>r ^n£oJ 


itgn-rriLb ^f ^^^^^1 


^^H itbttHlm urniU 


i^Jtliiil 6e fniuTul Qiodk) ^^^M 


^^H itlvrtni^ (*n1a1 pittff the 9yjf 


itgiLmjh^ iggrkiTiik' iV liAiM mp ^^^M 


it^hurbil Ac' r ^^H 


^^^^^- lucJci/ 


Irifliamril ^ lOi^'^Lii ^^^^^H 



^^^^^^■^ 


3r^l 


^^^H ARAUIC'ENGLISH VQCAItULAJtV :J77 ^H 


itgbA^r hit fjM 


ItTiii^siih ttj/ri^ a u^olk ^^^^H 


il^hBln-b hf ^otv^MTvd 


itfaifa,! ite ent <ytft (Etiiit) ^^^^^| 


it^hftnii vjink at tw (tiiMer 


itrjuddim U' tutran^rd ^^^^^| 


Itiwuwa be aired 


ilqafid t'T lofhed ^^^^^| 


itljiibb he loved 


itqMn !'ii fn'iW ^^^^^H 


itha\\ tv put 


it<^a|ikh f"' Kffff ^^^^^^M 


itling^ur ire kfirth, raif/fh 


\U\;i\\n h^'. t'n-,!^ /"-ori^hed ^^^^H 


itljuddit ^at 


iu^fLii jv/t^-:t (t,) ^^^^H 


iihiui^iw r^ffT^ 


ilk^bb he trpilt ^^^^1 


itifidi fc* kept off 


LtkhivbjL^ he htneJeed, htmpsd ^^^U 


]^>a£fu Atf i'» sa/f keojang 


itkhjvcUm /»- *^ntt<ii, imiM <nt ^^^^^t 


irhii<\qii.i{ be wHJied 


Ukhilfiim wjiiyuAotv adij'erm^e ^^^^^M 


itLnkk tie a^ratdied 


^^^^^M 


itJiamriq />? quifh iemper^i 


itkbafa hide one^lf ^^^^^| 


ithftuuU /« t«m»/ 


ilkl»JifFa di^itiime tf^ietelf ^^^^^^H 


Ithammil huar mriffrrt 


ii.kli4uf([ ijuarrpl ^^^^^| 


ilmbbft /jp Urauijhf UJ> 


irklinaqu ihffy qunrr^Jh't ^^^^^^H 


itinttib ie aPTanTcri 


Ltl^mm he 'jaikere'fy ffllterfai ^^^^M 


itradd ^ pu^ /a (door) 


tTjiiiLTTikgb raU i^.i) ^^^^^M 


ilmddid *a\^ fvnprtui (v ) 


itmru^nk ^ tarril, cawjht ^^^^^K 


ilrfi^l "aiu hliiekifufird {v.) 


itCftddnf J'r' irff'^nari ^^^^^H 


itrskfidf ttrjifjii A^ ditmuoed 


ilitaqol h€ ivinot^^i _ j ^^^^| 


itrftftu ^ A 'A'j4.*u/I 


Itrnfn' ^« ranerf 


itvjipid befauTtd, tt^prtsffit. ^^^^H 


itrniuib /j^ riddan, driven 


U^s'j»!j;nh ^>^' fuifJ'^ [Itfraniii) ^^^^^H 


itrnkkib Ao/juf up^Jttcd np 


itiTiihttfl iW '^liangMt *ttirk^ ^^^^^H 


itrniiut /'ff ihroMii fi'caif 


ru ^^^^^1 


itruinui tm r^mirtxi 


itv lilirii /wr j-oTi;W^» Jffu^ ^^^^^1 


ilTHWft ftfi trH'mt^t 


itwulibri^ti f^vtii'ic ^flwij/fi ^^^^^B 


[\AviXaS. UtialiAlvf /'r rhipp^d^ 


ilwii-ib tt^ thiiih'f 'ptd to (d«jr) ^^^^^B 


hrnkfii ttf 


tlWll£]in /f^ tt^Hrj?^ ^^^^H 


ilshftinh, UhsbftTftb /^? dnmk 


ilWrLi^Jt^ /«r /ftiif^n ^^^^^H 


iVttXtvX l"' ^ptufhij'frtyi 


itwii^^iJ <irt OA iv yi^MwiMn ^^^^^1 


iVfttn hr r/irm 


Itvjilai] /h" 6rJr^» ^^^^^1 


it'jLTikf /j*' A:Tiafi7i 


ItlJibLb tuk fur tmftd/ ^^^| 


it'iuam tn -infifi^i 


ilTrirr^Lb h^ ^ovfrtnl^ Jilif-i^ ^e%f\ ^^H 


tt'A«liir Euwi^o/c 


r^U0f ^^M 


it'iirrut MifAifp h!iP oif<- frOiMwei 


itft4tmrt' «olfflflf tofKfhor {neat.) ^^H 


R*ri1|Hri Af inntpitviiiil 


i^gjLi^MiJ tn; mrtewvfi ^^H 


1 itflLtftlj ftff flpftU'i 


i^^iL'mUf be pufffi up irtfh ^^H 


^^^H 


^ Itfuhurri ff itn'trj-^oott 


L^'^-jtma* tur rotUrted ^^^^H 


1 itTnJrUI /rrrry 


L^rArl'l ij^ ffpif^jl ^^^^^H 


1 itfiumg Afi A^jovn* /0M^ Mvr 


i|^w&K double (v.) ^^^^^| 





^^^^ 3T» ARABIO-GNGLISB VQCABULART ^^^| 


^^B i|^wjU(|>l uf ^')t) 


/ii hy/it ^^^^^^H 


^^H if/lirilm {pt of ghurah) crotfUf 


tribiiiH.^, sihhii^ pfintfy ^^^^^H 


^^H 


iHtaulid be^ gaim^aHon^ <^ ^% 


^^H i;e;tii]^q tieromc tiart {colow) 


(hil-Jfr^i ^^^B 


^^K ihtii^, (htftWil^ ^rr*i/ 


iMtlltHlH fieifiTt ^^H 


^^H ihttir, ib^ir he b&FiltUMd 


ifltpikbralc bf.' hifUHrvl^ finJ Cvcle^ ^^H 


^^H ILitrkiniQ hoAotAT (v.) 


iatab^ad^miy t&o far ^^H 


^^H iLtirAm itfup^rt (a.) 


istatqoj rjjrtiti'ler Jtvaey^ «ni«r> ^^H 


^^H ihn[UJL (pi of hirhm) lilaitkeJti 


Utafvil nnfsii AfTfii rm^t kmid | 


^^H ilLAiiii, uLbah »haiff ^ihantjf 


^^H 


^^H ilimiirr taiTt ;^ 


iaU^hudb atrtnder a eJomyy ^^H 


^^^ UiDA r^ti Hrto ' 


Utdglu-nb fj^ odtom'^heii ^^^^^M 


^^1 H4b " 


hitn^bnit^ fie ilntifmf*d ^^^^^^H 


^^H iLjilh A^ ^'tCA; idcrAiif /k' ^rmw 


idtu^liiib oi'*n £>ii "Jtelf n/m/mm "i^^^^^^l 


^^1 


i^hi^iiEUkU' t^orifiJffr a 4otJe^ ^^H 


^^^B iiMal jih'' ijiivt^ 


istftliuL^ liutJiKjun ttf ^^^^^^H 


^^H idfiiJtilrLT A# ir>2Jiv2 


btibil iieserve ^^^^H 


^^H iddaiwUb /i'J'vtwt a rt^rvr/th 


ifitikU^LQ '\^pr(fi^,jwi ffoai ^^^^^H 


^^H id<]a*a preteiul ; liMa'a ^oln 


intiilifrLA 'eiIa finite\-tt truani ^^^^^H 


^^H a^t-am 


UUilikim itomirmr ^^^^^H 


^^1 idrlikhil ittft>rfaK 


istjthhi ;rTi'/ jinfiecf ^^^^^H 


^^U iJiluli 'Vi// f^ pm^M" 


L^ttihind f'lfit, fntiurt ^^^U 


^^1 idduwii /irr £i-&tisd mmiictUtjf 


]atiL<li-ii^ alik 'jci ti^ wtd/arMamd ^^H 


^^H iililAjin lain 60 maJs a dahtar 


iHrjir^nq ijct friii'^ iimrtg ^^^| 


^^H 'ry, owe 


i:4rjir«iLi) Li j^rt^/fiy ^^^| 


^^H iddtiyiq &tf^;''««^J, a/fv.win/ 


istiLilcbnQ '•om\'lcr 'hrap ^^H 


^^H iild^l. /. t;im, 'jn(^ 


laErJi'uu rt«A' pi^rtftunon ^^H 


^^H ildliLt ffititi m* 


favLnzmr nirutiii^e fii/V, jj^mri ^^H 


^^H irlduh fh^;j gfiiK it, him 


lAtju-hil ^^I'nii ^jjyy ^^^1 


^^H v\ykr (pl^ nf df r) foru'vAiA 


i'ltnamA *nn rn^iurr nOTfW 4^ ^^^M 


^^H irtA|fu* mill r-unouTifv 


ihtM^ghur fonii/inr mnaS, $0» ^^^t 


^^H IrtAfii J)i* jint to (iloor) 


rnudl ^^H 


^^H irtjidu Anurrn/ 


istAob^d call lU vitn^M ^^^M 


^^H irt«'fi«k iFVttifrlf-, he /I'i^jfUiMd 


iBt«-t& take (iirin^ih intgt^ 4^) ^^| 


^^H lEiafn' tv nunvi 


LiCA'^ib be atfijniikfd ^^^M 


^^H irUikATi tftan <T.) 


UrrfL'^-ll Hrtjt^ rm triaJt^ hmfr ^^H 


^^H irultifik fpU oi n^h[f) J^apm 


iattv'riLf ttmJie >iJi/tuu»fmie* 1^ ^^H 


^^H ii-nL4i'lil ivl tjf'hifi'^tjtia 


iatAfhiio r'w/itfrr ^^^^^H 


^^H innl ^?^mw (imp.) 


ist'jLf 1 'i^h ; jAivf '"V'l^^^^^^l 


^H 


r<-rj-rf^ -^^^^^^^1 


^H Ur.< ' 


'iticr, iMOP^^^^^I 


^H 


^^^H 


^^H itJU^Iiug »fip {Y.) 


am /him ^^^^^H 


^^^M iavy hi>*p t 


— 'lUp-'^VAf ^^^^^^1 



^H ~ ' ^^^^^f~'^^^^^^^ ^^^1 


^3^H 


^^^f ARAB[€-£NGLISU TOCAHULAKT 37S> ^^ 


jfiUkhmi: rjrtrtur {v.) 


i^Adif rAfi?jm /ri m*^ ^^^^^| 


\--iJi[i\i fjorrfff 


i^araf A« i^^nf ^^^^^| 


iT^lAmhfjt ^iiTitt'irHl, CflR4itinti- 


tu.ni i/rltm^ ^^^^^H 


jtopli 


ii^iarr ^mn hittfm ^^^^^H 


iRtAmlLIc actpure paUfMifm of 


ielitogfml ^'^ ^tui^i uy^rJt ^^^^^| 


ibUiuil 'Jr.'Jui*/ ; ['Ml) rm^THNM 


tHhturik ^^^^^1 


istAuuu trta'/ 


i-^hitirak b^ in patitufrrhip ^^^^^U 


hi\a«n H'trr^ , ^Kcami^ rijiBr ^ 


iithf^tr^t 1 tuti^fif ^^^^^H 


^fl{t/>^ir 


uhTttrik th^^ fiOii'jht ^^^^^H 


iN^W^ nmt.' j'n^ofi^r 


i^htiri ^/ay (imp.) ^^^^^| 


istipinl'l /"■ '"IT, /f^-tfrif 


iah^riniiK ( = Ultiii lina) ^y ^^^^^| 


iBti^'fir ro/; r<i tuigitliiiif^ 


(fjf ^^^^^H 


Uti^ituti ci^tiwv'i^r waJ 


ULshAl^iJ appaiVHlIy ^^^^^| 


iflUljasH (bi) porwitw 


iflhAhuLiii 'nvri<fk ^^^^^U 


^^^^ l^jtjUQq l^'V!/'[*r? 


isbsli^k V tiA»i7CE'<tf a/ ^^^^^I 


^^H iiaj^iil a iiiJy^ unvziih^thi-mim 


UliFvbiiiniit /'r torn ^^^^^^ 


^^^p UlitiHiiiiiiit faivo n Mh 


iabahakii t/uarrel ^^^^^K 


^^f iatilibih rhujnniin'j tvfjetiie/- 


i'CA£&r ^rtffTf? oncmi/ ^^^M 


W" Utidiill i'nvuxW 


i'tAina>l /nMf , rr/^f ; ^9 ^onnncni ^^H 


I iabi*iiijrl f/d, 6v, rauf^ 


i'Un, \Vhi\ iwtijy ^^^M 


Uriqurr f*on^p'M 


i'mkm unde* (\A. of "onimf ^^^^^^ 


UtiqfJl, latA^ilU iwwi'cfor loo 


iftiah 'rpi^n (inip,) ^^^^^| 


fmalt 


iftimd TtHrt, litv altmt ^^^^^K 


Wliloqqa r*fi/''ii, ri-Trtue 


iTtaqBLT h^ojjif poor ^^^^H 


Utiknnu ter-k tlutli^r 


ifUkiu- imoifln^, think ^^^^H 


ifltilbrij }fc^pi 


]fr4Q^ Eiiri>pcan ^ ^^^^^| 


'v*\\i\\firr '\mtitau:. fftmrccrr 


if qaj' ^^^^^1 


l-i^rjuri H'fft'^it'1^ I'iirff 


^tiirljLi' tm'f^n^ ri>vi/'A^ ^^^^^^H 


Usattit jr^iy /';^ yivtu^i ^f^'y 


ii^ta' '"I*!! (iiup. f ; Utht (h'f-foif) ^^^^H 


is^'M tr" hi^ljicJ 


iitfil ji^i.j^f (ifJip-) ^^H 


isfi<i.\\iisi Im^^l it 


jki^im, iikrAm tvjtt triik kmvtttr ^^H 


trwJ^WA F'onjf/^rrr 


ikkftUimii ttiey ralkrfi ^^^^^^ 


iasej'ib bf hf (j!>, rt«p* 


ikiQian ^^^^^^H 


^ Inkamlurtyn Af^'j^rvhia 


ikbt^r, ikht^ < /fr>^.<4t' ^^^^^| 


^ iFiluLii<iiir(iij1 .^/rjrrirr/fiVirJ, r^liiLiii' 


jkhUilJif (ii\ rorit\ti/Iirkyi-i^ ^^^^^H 


isknu'l fill 111 ir'tj;, war rcmr/^ 


ikbtAmiiF ntti {dou'jh) ^^^^^H 


iflkifcl'n*kit e<puuh-raf'fHBta 


ikiikbi ;m]y^.' wjK/ ^^^^^M 


i^ni ft(i;/^p v^/ /. ^ f ,., , 


imnjiEi ^y tutnif 


w^t nnff'i-H ^^^^^1 


ifiWTiilil hjFTi Waat- 


ikliivAn hmthe^-n, ^mt-adtM ^^^^^| 


f isw^^ (pi. fif flftq) I'iOfiieft 


ilhit, pui ^^n {imp.) ^^^^^U 


L UhiM A^o^'ft 


ilbiifAi ti/tcnif ^^^^^U 


■ [ftAd/'/r; »itoal 


Jltamm fp^ ^ralFi^ivdt ^alWttd ^^^M 


1 it^bbin £4 toap^ 


ilia arcejiff /aw ^^^^^^ 





^^^^ fl80 ARA BIO- ENGLISH YOCABITLARY ^^^| 


^^^H illl who, tfhi\'/i 


Inglffi Eii'jiifih ^^^^H 


^^V il«&n (pL of l^n) eolotift 


i[igll2l En'jh^h ^^^^^H 


W c imljt'i'ar6i' '^mpervr 


inhnbiLD ^ Ej;fj;rf>Mi«if ^^^^^H 


^^^ iinritii Ah k^c 


]i4iuiuq be gvardrd ^^^^^H 


^^H imhiiD, }kDik>;^]i he jtomtiit 


inhn^ha fie ttvfftd ^^^^^^| 


^^H inliAbHti 'uta ifa=e 'tt 


iahashub be Tnovn ^^^^^H 


^^H inhniW ^ changed 


inbiibb ^ Icpfd ^^^^^^^M 


^^H ioWraslj be jfultvtl amrvier. 


lEihriLkb ^ vvClhtd '^^^^H 


^^H iipUt ; tprayd 


iiiiliLrr/i>^/ OAf.'Ff//' rn/j/nvf ^^^| 


^^H iubirih^ im^-jirib ijeahitlai/ : 


imad tni?j%?a40r rif< ^^^^^^ 


^^H AUnil inbinh thf^ day f'e/ore 


iiuaXiLt ^ Kircdhwod ^^^^^H 


^^H yejfisiviiit/ 


insiljugh ^ i/^tfri ^^^^^| 


^^H inbdfi be h's*ed 


insar&q h^, if, rptig rohbvt ^^^M 


^^H iubawf , iuho^fi^ bepl'Sfiaod {lain} 


iiiotvt^ he Gootc^i ^^^^^^ 


^^1 


iii^uT bi pleaned ^^^^^H 


^^H inbjill iff jrr/fnl 


in^ijH ff. oiT-rrW tiwui^ ^^^^^^H 


^^H iubFtiiy. he fMttf 


f^ofefi/ ^^^^^H 


^^H {□bi,-.,)^, iiLlii,sfil mjfjfm^ 


iri'ikr jkf b€ ftrunen ^^^^^H 


^^^H iritjkijiib tf*: pu^*^t^ 


inqufjj lifi killed ^^^^^^| 


^^H iiitiiqjiT) hf 'lorn- irfth prensitm 


iiif|nlnb turrt aver fiiput.) ^^^| 


^^H iniAk, imuLn hfjilhi 


iiikji^bb hepoiiTrdy ^JiU ^^^^^^ 


^^H intiiifjt //I e.rfiTi(tui£fu^i 


inhaUbb ^ xcrifim ^^^^^H 


^^H iiLt^viu trc fMfvl^ fient 


iukusiii' he brokrn. in. humHie^^^^^^^k 


^^^H itlf^lirllll fkf pitlttfd 


mkiLiiHru thefj \t}errt trrofftm ^^^| 


^^^H iti^'aruL te uvtiticlifd 


iiikbubut he bak-id ^^H 


^^M hiiasTi tiikc ontBdf of 


ir^khudd btt fri^httn'^l ^^^| 


^^K iupA^z hv gfiuni 


iumusak, imoi&sjik V vetted ^^^| 


^^H kiii^nciir, itif Axur b& n/'ai'jhtsr^ ; 


uin /'i«f (Cv); innuhum fha* J 


^^H bf tf^-hirv^i imentait^) 


ihtr>f ^^J 


^^H Ui^b't^ hundje 


inuikULft tixcapt thaly Ofdt/ thai ^^^M 


^^H iEigum^i* if^ nJl/^Cttl 


iy&k hgtean .' «<e thai ^^^| 


^^^M tr^lmriif f>e ilinh^i up 


1^'Ani, i}'dm (pi- of ji^-m) Jtiyv ^^H 




^^^V ^^^1 


^^1 -U it^ AiJff \ ttMibbft^l J^n>jLiiMA ^^^^1 


^^H ■■j^ai^ (1^1- *-^' ii^n) 


Q'A /'''>A^ fliU/, ^W»/T (<iBp^l ^ ^^^H 


^^H li^rM |xt^4 /iiV^ 


n<|iJ j[/fjv' (iuipO ^^H 


V \u\\yi. iii^tii ( -ofLltii) JUj roirm 


UC]-ii<k jn/, ^1 gr^\tni (fl31[lH) ^^H 


^^^ *L UriLbl-iL A'hmpe 


ukUbtf f^>r/oA<n- *^ ^H 



^^^V ARABIO-ENULimi VOCAGULAHY 381 ^^^| 


1 uhrn (bxir h(tn/lla 


izmuiiVl t^/mj', pray ^^^^^| 


1 uVht ti'vtfi' Ht U T^vojS 


nmtul ^wy nifth''r ^^^| 


1 ukbtu hia ftat^ 


liwjkil, uwn^I ^pl. of Mu, ^tjfi,] ^^^^^1 




/"ODf/t^ ^^^^^1 


^H 


1 lljtuwAb (WrAerjior 




■ liikiiibAr i*vir^ tff/'» 


bard rt}I'f ^^^^^H 


1 liAb 'V«V)r 


hriTiftVn eoiii {fi/ periK/n») ^^^^^| 


f * biibftr «(jv""^t '''e^'"ii>i'r frain 


burda*A doTikt-ff imJdle ^^^^^U 


' lull ;/rUf fA« iti^/hi 


bardu MOftt t}i4: Igu ^^^^^| 


^ \m\^\iJ^ jtotati)^: lui(u(SLt a 


Lumi ouf ; inltd biimi afntiad ^^^^H 


1 potato 


biitriiTt! oitfpr ^^^^^H 


hnttAI ^mf 


bumk mn/:^ hrwl ^^^^^H 


IwttauIyiA hJajiM 


bdrrjili^ ftlltniB; Wrqlli.l» a plum ^^^^^| 


^ \it\\iMifouiwh U*4i btjtn 


IjjirwLz //vir;ifl (r,) ^^| 


btiMnwiiii m-'alf-fi- 


bus HlTtf (v,) ^^H 


b«lif.j;t ^/"V^, ^•■%ftf:i 


IWBl f^ltJ'/ ^^H 


b»|^l»H[" (fl; /H?r^/i 


buskawit i^fuwii*^; bM«kHwlUi(t '^ ^^| 


^ bftbrapa; .ViJe 


N'»fvit ^^H 


bfttpri rr'^^'/A 


bo^ A^ iookedy /i«evvef ^^| 


bfttlft iMjin 


blab fli>flit ^^1 


hi\M fiirl^ 


bd^lin fjo^ha i^ ^^H 


bftU ^ny c^;'j» 


lui^bbish guak ^^H 


bfir ftc /f'yj^ i'-//c, OTi one's iKtndt 


briJ^btnkbt^ wrttinj tafjf*: ^^H 


D ^ l^ubA'ill]. b/ibjWim y-attle 


Uwbt^tk (?^/k;, di^ft^i-i^ttt ^^^^^1 


U bum itfi'irpf^i t|M'nril, dtc) 


^^// ^^^H 


L tdtr^M (pi, uf b)rb>Lj iinnVn' 


r/ir<^ y^fi/ ^^^^^1 


1 tt-'i'piea 


bn'i) 4'^frr; lH*de bitkrit ihp ^^| 


^^^ bnrfiTiinl (T^Att i/ rhu-^r 


if(fy iirVr/- /i^-jr^T/TOir / btt'do ^^H 


^^H biinu]it iV liifhtt^i-ii 


la^h a^^i'^T' fhiT/ ^^^1 


^^^ bnrAqi- (pi. of biu^u') 


bu'df-ti a/tervardt, ri^ji ^^^^^M 


W banimll f'Un'eiA fpl. of bnrmll) ' 


bo'd une onoihcr ^^^^^^k 


■ ^ bdiid ^<M 


hn\\ti becifm^ (^ nUO) ^^^^H 


I "^ Bnriz /"rtpin 


hnqur eoiet. frin^ ; liHqnra a coi/i ^^^M 


1 bArik Li r^nffratvfftft ; burik ti 


bAqt rvfjjjiVti'^y, rejiiaimier ^^^^^H 


I A/<w 


ltii4|<|&L yrm-pfi' ^^^^^H 


V InrTf, bar^b thee£ v/dnvetijv 


V^^H 


1 hnrHrl fKur'tn- 


kvtbhkb t^'tiniili' ^^H 


■ ^ bnrliiiil, bvrbi^ Bm't^n, nalive 


^hU rrnnd^ I'tfU'iirjf ^^^H 


B <>/^ D'^-^^r 


btdadt coUtUn/iiimi ""^^^^M 


■ iHirtnl ^n'Af 


brJjbh ftf) n«A/ ^^^^^1 





^ S8S AKABIC'ENOLISH VOUAIIULAKY ^^^H 


^^H UilnkAn, bjLlkitu Mwny 


bfr cL vn<^ B-^^^l 


^^; haltfl. oj"*' 


bim Iffej' ^^^1 


1 4 UO^u mfrj-i^oai 


birid i}ef cvtJ, caifh c&ld ^^^M 


^^H 1iiit]JU> biillAHf ^/ar 


Mrkjx foipf^ f'Uf ^^^^^H 


^^P lullilt /Jfjf? 


bb'wiL/ fTi'-hn-c framt ^^^^^H 


^^ lwiU*n fink, 'trm'ji 


birr /tet^z/ji ^^^^^H 
biJrillft peait J 


1 ^ UlllOllf hrttl'i'f/' 


1 * bnllu /W?, 'Janra 


bi<fd/iiF-, fiidaM ^^^ 


L bAu <t/7iaar 


bi't 1, ^f/u, folti ^^^^^^ 


^^K bnim ^rVr/ I+, ^ b >r :; 


hr nayi ^^^^^^| 


^^f huatt (pi of bintii) ^apol^M 


Inki fp^y (i ^^^^^^1 


W banu Mi-y i«fV^ 


bikht) rfiwjy ^^^^1 


1 € tiiiDtdll, baiitulll Khjtper* 


bi]ji(itp], uf bnlod) fornUr tifTa^m ^ B 


B P Jhfctitul^Ti /wuaerff 


bilvHj'dii h^ihnttU ^I^H 


^^ ^ blink l>ai\h 


bimbilHtiJ '•'^IitH'.f ^^^^H 


^^H bbnuft l'%»f'l'^r 


^^^^^^1 


^^H bayAO tfkitt^^ whit'' i-nlimr 


biuT. ;;jr/, r/amfAe^c t-^ ^^^^^| 


^^H V>AyiTk, bAyln tifj^frrf'n^, 4i/7>nr- 


tfiyflt (pi. of W-t) Actum ^^H 


^^V trot, fjfff/nn'i/lfy 


budii'n rnrrtyharuitiie, ijrM^i* ^^H 


^^_ bdta' (pi- hetfl^) Mcmginfj to^ of 


burtiiq^^n r>ran£jrv ^ p*r tv^^l l-l ^^| 


hjnlii. burdn A-fnvj it/f*iQi trvm ^^H 


^^t bfih (pi. balinwlt) Ftfy 


rnottly in Vi'/'er iynpi ^^H 


^^H b^d tfftie ,- b^dA OM^fgg i{p 


^^H borvtru. Uvi^Iui clt/cfr 


biini^Tii fuii ^^^M 


^^H WyilckHlliiM tif ill i^if^^nij 


\ni^\ riir]k't ^^^M 


^^H h•^y[u (b^LLytQ) 4'^/ihin^ •^n?>*; 


\mif\ a jrf«rf * ^^B 


^^H bi, be» bu. fjv, tnfhthff 


bii^ah {firleffOtgni ^^^1 


^^H bitt ( = tnnt.) fjirl, ditwjhtrtF H 


Ihjkia tO'tnorvOtv ^^^M 


^^^H bilabiLvUb rJitr-f rantf'jf/ia 


biilU, biillf pofirr ^^^^H 


^^^H biU^QJ f/ou ><Ty 


bnll^n tfruviA- ; rmfrjidf /WW^f ^J 


^^^H bil.JL'i (b^ttJJl) 'Itif f[OI£M- 


bu[iifui|SyA ffiin ^^^t 


^^H bigliill (pi, oF Ui^blT f'tti/eM 


hdya fiaifif ^^H 


^^H bjiUl ttnirfff iij 


bHiii-'i ^n*H(i* finnff ^^B 


^^H M (pi of kljymi) <rlir7f 
^H Ua^'^n fin- UdiUn <i« 11, 17, 


biirtittt'ik ""' biJru«|iUk ij ^^J 


H, 17. :t3} ^M 






^^^^^^^^^^M 

^^^^^H 


^^H Ub Vf^irnt : f^uu) ■/i»- u^, re- 


bah^-Aiil ^ur/TT ^^^^^H 


^^H nr^Ufu^ 


tJihiJiv rffffirtfi n"hiy^ hrit^jinrf ^^^H 


^^H tn^^fm voiftffnattm 


tA^wld t^sntnff ^^^^^H 


^^H ygif 'luntAfipif , <T-) ^ >» ivn^ 


Uj^wll f/tnjw ^^^^^M 


^^^^H ntfrtB 


tarn ; yn Iadi / ivmulFr ^^^^^^| 



ARABIO-BNGLISH TOOABULARY 



ft63 



^ tu-ab^za tabls 

Uagiux translate^ inierprtt 
c tttT^urofin inferpreiffr 

t&£kara ticket 

t&£ytr doihing onMelf in 

t&n^iyvt cooking 

taslShAt TttptUn 

taahrtf reception 

teabriftttgl master of ceremomet 

ta'ft, ta'iLI& come (imp.) 

ta'ban f j'rerf 

ta'^ab tire 

taqawf a^^ 

taqriban app^'o^matety 

ta^ftlQ owif (imp. pi.) 

ta^llq impending 

tAkhud she tnJfeSf ecUchea 

tukhmtn ; bi t takhmtn cd a 
guem, apjrroximately 

Ulat, tuUta, talatB, /Are^ H 

e talagrAF, tiligrif telegram, tete- 
graph office 
talg tcfl 

tolmlE scholar ^ 
tatnuF^hoepiialmtrae (f. Umar- 

tamiilll o/wo^A 

tam^m completely, exactly, just 
taman price 
tammit gke ccfupleted 
tana /old (v.) 
t&nabta (pL of tanbil) 
tint othei-; second; again 
^ tan is tennis 

tanbil, tanbal lory; t&nbi] he 
lazy 



tangld carding^ ma^ng mat- 
treteea^ ^c. 

tandSf cleaning 

tannu, tannitu heremained, con- 
tinued (S 318) 

Unuiba, &c. (g 2lfi) 

tAwab&n tffool (fathering 

tekfin you vill be 

tekOni ymi (Ij vrill be 

tenSm yoti sleep 

tibqa ahe reinains 

titakhbi^ being knoc&edj JctiocI-- 
in/f (fl.) 

tigAra trade 

ttgbarbll si/ting 

tihagfal she reaches 

tira canal 

ti*ib j/e^ tired 

ti^bin AmiA« 

ti*raf , te*raf you know 

tiffah apples ; ttfToha an aj'ph 

teqtl A^uy 

tikbin grmc thick 

tilim f^^ Munt 

tilt a ^AtrJ 

tiwaddi she^ it, leads, conveys 

ttyfitru theatre 

t^b d;wM, ^wn 

tubba her gotim 

tuggar (pi. of tAgir) 

Turk Turk, Turks; bilfid it - 
Turk Turkey 

tn<{*Lid you sit 

tukh&n (pi. of tikblQ);ftJc:* 

tumn an eighth ; police station 

tramway tramtcay, tram t 



Taiyibj/oorf li:p tov 
tftuwil he long, diffuse 
(abakh rtMA- (v. ) 
(abtkb cooked diA 



tabb stumble ; com* «irfden/y 
tabba a stumbling 
\Ah\)a^foU (v.) 
tabb4kb, f . tabbakha, cook 



^^^^ BS4 ARABTC-ENOLISH TOOABULAHY ^^^H 


^B iif&f>M 


\i\l\ ui-€rJt>itir ^^H 


^^1 fabbA 'lUn ^hty /eU ftjtcn, {U- 


(ttUik', thUiil> A'T fcwA^ Mtf, mffOfi ^^H 


^H tar/fid 


itDp. iaJie oui^ ateay ^^H 


^^V ;A(& Vw/ rfiiy^rn 


tulU'iL nhf pu/lrtl imt ^^H 


W t. Xanh^iH talfU- 


tAllftq h^ itityitr^ ^^^M 


^^^m Inruh hcat'/rtkU 


fBlyKn! IttUtfin Q ^^^^1 


^^H t>rac| ArwrA' 


ilVWEt/uH ^^^^H 


^^H tiirflwA yVe«Ar<f4V 


iBmnr fr^iir/ruH -^^^^^M 


^^H fH1<t//''^J 


^vfl fi>Tf^, ^^^^^^1 


^^^ <^ tarbdoh /« 


^yir ^^ri»7 ^^^^^^1 


1 %ktA/i^fi, 


till* 'JO tmt. up ^^^^^H 


^^^ (h'Ih pefirt>rk 


til' A Ov^j irvfil up ^^^^^U 


^^H tA*'fLTii i-ii/yintfe 


fi ^4>vet ^^^^^H 


^^H ^nfftt, tufit '-Jth'wjufth 


t."-r ^h// -. ' '^•^^^B 


^^^1 (uffi^b r//it'' (jrt'iir/ 


tl\ba /Ar 5r^ O/j/i'c MOTkfA ^H 


^^H lK<lt^<] ^'T^'i'ie 


>ur!tht pi'^ltvjs ^^H 


^^H laf^m -^t> 


tOl ;iflff/>/, /t^m^'^; Till il ih9 ^H 


^H 


u'A<^ ^^H 


^^H (idixLQ f/icry <Uiit(ind9d 


tuJd' Odcwn/, riA'n^, dcpaiiim^ ^^^^M 


^^H t^ib fu^'fif; 


^^^B 


^^H 


^^^1 


^^^F )fik\ gill fUiP'M 


^«vr ^^^^^H 


^^H gk\> iinrt'j 


gatEtU-f ^^MT hnMi^ ^^^^^H 


^^H |fiil>it fJi'! hroa/rht 


giuuju /fiir'y ti/ ff/oti, fhom ^^^M 


^^H gjlbn f'try hinttiiht 


gntniofgi nhoninitJkVr ^^^^^H 


^^H gnhtiAr i-nir/ 


gJI^A HOliTvl ^^^^^H 


^^1 fi^bbU pivrr hitifl, jot hat-dvwt 


gH'^iin gi'4& fiMihjTy ^^^^^H 


^^H gab cAji ruirr< 


gakhkb ttdk hirf, hmul ^^^^^H 


^^H gibli maiiy, ffvutj; inrvl6 


glLlvi ^^^^^H 


^^H gAhll i'pi'tJ-auf 


giiWi tilitnf 'it^iff ^^^^^M 


^^H e^lihic jfivpair 


l^lhllAllEyu /JrHfli ^^^^^K 


^^H gHilji' j'tit /fiUtftc 


^iUlid ^I'/b/ (Utoht) ^^^^^H 


^^H giVr Hi^'jhfinui- 


gjL[iin.1 ^^^^^H 


^^H glLl^n »/ ti^jip"Hfid 


gimid h•^M, utroriQ ^^^^^| 


^^H gniHli 'i-i/tif'i {y.) 


g&uti^ /'hM/uc ^^^^^1 


^^H I^Ani-p, ;f'Lr4£ Z*^// 


giiml^jt irVifaioM. j^unABa a ^^^| 


^^^B I^ATxIlkl i'Ufkl'f 


fasfftihi ^^^1 


^^H gu-m ;'/dAv' mn 


gBLfn'Fvn ni'rir-f-/. rtfHittif ^^^^^B 


^^H £&ni'U ptihii^k. ttrU^ ahovtt '» 


^^^H 


^^H f^ijt^r 


^^^^H 


^^^H Ifikrv 1 riinttifi/ 


gam mill hnMtm ^^% 


^^^H gi"^ fitiniiJl 


ffH^nitv, ^iiAyin (pJ. ol fffn^^K^ ^^J 



ARABIC-ENGLISH TOCABULARY 



385 



ganSntf ganaint gardener 

ganb heMidCt nefir 

gftnnin drive mad 

g&wib letter 

g&wamis (pi. of gamQs) 

gay coming/ 

geh pocket 

g€t / carne 

ggah army 

gibt /, you, immghi, have 

brought 
gitta body 

gib he cojne, has ranw 
giha direction 
^dkr/owtdatirm, low icall 
^diid, gedtd rtev? 
gidrl sntailjHfx 
gid*iln (pi. of pada*) 
giri ran 

gizauikti ahoemaker 
ghir embankment 
gild leather; gUda piece of 

leather J fa'nding 
gilgiJ ^jnaii beU 



gimla, gumU total ffuanHty^ 

numher 
gimid get hard 
giii§h pound (money) ^ 

gin^Qa garden I4f b 
ginninfir general (a,) e 

g6z huiband £ 

gdz i^ftv^tf 

g5£a ipife ^ 

gfL, gum fA«y came 
gudad, gud4d (pi. of gidtd) 
gurnftl jOTjrn/ii, nevf^oper 
guztu At* Kife 
guzha ^r ftf^Aofuf 
gCl' hunger 
gu^r&n A^ro^ 

gumudtya, Aarc2n«8S| Ttardinan 
gumruk ctietoni-hoaee 
gumrukflhl cu^twji-Twiise officer 
gum'a Friday; week 
gQwa iUf inside 
guw&r enn'roTU 
gnintt vty garden (for gen^nitl) 



QH 



Ghabbar throw duet 

ghat^ COTer (a.) 

gbadS ZzfTurA^ (s.) 

gliarb» gbarbS ioeU 

gbasal waeh 

gbasalt It you^ washed 

gba&ll iDoehing, vath (a.) 

gbasa^la washensottuM 

gbasbe *an in spite of 

gbasblm eimple, clumey 

ghalft boil (v,t.) 

ghalab conquer 

ghaluba (pi , of gbalbftn) WTSf<rA«f/ 

pbfill dear 

ghiltb try to ronquer 

gb&liban probably, generally 



gbalwa, gbalya a hoihng 

gbanag be shyt coy 

ghant rich 

ghanna sing 

gbawu he beguiled 

gbaw!t de^ 

gb&ya end 

gh&t field 

gbfir other^ beadee, other than ; 

mill gb€r wtihoui 
gbibna we went away^ were 

absent 
ghtt&n (pi. of ghSt) 
gbiriq he drowned 
gbirqum they were drowned 
gbili boil (v,i.) 

2b 



506 



ARABIC-ENGUHH VWAHULARY 






HM fut'tvf (irap.) 


hawa r^nd, aift ^ittno^ft^n 


hfth Uf tie, fete 


hi'ilyu ptr^f^it^ ififi 


hmJiLiI -I il'^nwlifftiTi'j 


IlidiDH ^inruiif 


iHnld /fi>tnofirh 


hilik jWTi«yi ^H 


hnmh rf#', ruf a^'ity 


iUJi/i /^/r ^1 


Ijjifftbfi ih^jjUl 


h!5& «/i'' H 


hiLTiLin f'f/nnnitiM 


huiuDm f/itiy ■ 


liuuu A'f^i/'in^w 


huwtL, bQvR {huTnVftJ Atf^ il 


liidi WoMff doetlo 


^ 


1 


Ha, hik flj/" 9//yl**ff 


hivrfiu nvori^, iAAfFie H 


linijftr peritUff 


hiirAmt nthf^of, Ui^f H 


haiiwiith Jii^iini rip 


}jiin[]n/^ ^1 


hftbara /.irwf 0/ <'/oaA: 


btrba /on''? S 


(iftbo^ iiA/'rifiort 


fauibl^u ifor offlM ^1 


Uiibb iot^ (v.) 


tuLrr Aqi^. ^ ^| 


biiU Vr^jJp 


httw pjijoi/ineni ^^ 


h(itt4 f«'pu. untii 


hJh^iU ; ^iiin ^tuJib tm^^niia^ fo 


Lntt /vrj/ 


bo^ULit '^hiirii\/, u^nu 


li^tlln U*r \th\,i{*jnUHng{^.) 


^A^ih v^//c rrtVA , (imp.)5«MVi^ 


hnwGih •<ii/jft'rulftr 


mind 


}}a\\pt f, tfou, put 


bfifid hajiftcit 


btn^*! t^-y /*«' 


baplrii jjutf ^H 


hl^ii Ihttf'j^ ttrtiVlhuiQ 


tlAJ-tnU frVil-'A ^H 


lift|nr $t<>Hi- 


liiish kr^j' turajf ^^H 


>>A^')f p^ljnrn 


^iksblKh /ASM ^^^1 


tii(:a yj <>" pil^ma/j^ 


tA^bn^b ''vi f/nw, mow ^M 


fan'! if f bn/TT 


lkim>iva (fiijff*!^ ^1 


^Jdi«^ «Ti/', frrtAhv'i 




biul'l ^cr^b" t>"^i Stifviaif . liWM 


buSi! f^^ a^er B 


^ Mff/lf 


l^ukffii^l Frif/~r itarm h^ h*ttrt 


|pt<14M /-J'l'l'f ^r-fr/ 


|Khl(m', ^,-.;f^, 


^Adir^r /pj. b^rlit) 


^^^ ■ 


^hLiIu- ji- f.i^j. , . Ftnjr 


■ 


IjArW 


■ 


fuirnc] /jc^ni 


btLhiriL 'i'--ii}f ^^1 



^^^V AKABIC£NOLIBU VOCAbULABV 367 ^^^| 


^^ hlluc tfnm*riitU4iy 


\\^ appear ^^^^| 


^^m hhlowim c^ochaner 


^jsin btf MCJ ^^^^H 


^V $aUujh« 


^lioftl dc'ifoun/ ^^^^H 


W }iAmA pratpcf 


^ifuft hafuffid ^^^^^1 


1 t^mfit molher-in-iaa 


Ibiff prf]i>eiT>i'ni/T prctf<tinjf ^^^^^U 




hiktyii etnry ^^^^H 


W ItftioftqA fifitUhnen 


^ikiDA teuiiom ^^^^^H 


1 hnjuftia difi-ft, j/ig^unM 


J^lw VEnvf . -th ^^^1 


1 l>uudcie^ 


^imtr (pL of Lum&T) ^^^^H 


j hummir d^HicL-jf l<ry 


^imQ 7f«ai ^^^^H 


baxrmifLui bath 


^iiam a /ettir ^^^| 


^airiri'l fiMi't (v,) 


biniiWA rarnpaJisian, hivaliuw ^^^H 


hAuiU h<id (a,) 


^vJUi QTumul ^^^^^^H 


b^iiii /^Aff 


h6d tank ^^^^H 


ItBnuk tiiGntfi 


]^6ah imc/iiMiHv ^^^^^1 


LhTHftp t'lWoria 


hnbfa fofw ^^^^H 


haauiQ cauM to pittf 


huti f>E<f (l™P<) ^^^^^H 


hiiwol squttii 


bu^iW (pi. of ht^gar) ^^^^^| 


^iiwrd^ii nniUTu/ 


]tauduc[]^a £tUCniitJt ^^^^K 


hfiwi jugghf 


\nrrii (pL of Ijirif) j^fv- ^^^^H 


hAwit ffF/rrpynrf 


^^^^^U 


lCt» Ut« wo^/ 


'Ijutiha «iT7Fnan» /cuijf ^^^^^| 


f;£8U kAn ff^offfver 


])iT|iirl waf-tnakar ^^^^^| 


bttkinrJfir c'lv^T'ianftoftf 


tuiiAii ?u>rt6 ^^^^^U 


faibr- ink 


IklifT nii^« ^^^^H 


hiUl. (|jI <if ])iU«) 


^ufi'u /«D2e ^^^^H 


lT.iT;r*i /flV, p4j-fif : pifTp of land 


kukl^mA i^oii^mm^nf ^^^| 


^ggA,tiuggft l*2th Jl/ofta?n»" 'ion 


iiH\ (pi, of fijiwul) fiqtmt-^y^ ^^H 


mort^A 


ILumIr, LhDAr(i[oWi;fT^ ' ' -i^i^^H 


hidAhliaT. hidt^hAr, l^dbftbu*. 


luoitid gii 4our ^^H 


humr (pi. of JiLmikr) Tvrf ^^^| 


^^m ' ibdiebttofnw 


^H 


I 

Da rAii 




iljLi^in chaty^e mth a dtid 


itjii'wl-^Ti iJc-niA^ '^ ^^^1 


<1iiiiWkir, tUunor turn; {'tiXn) 


ilu^h^h <rrMeiAj>^ ^^^^^| 


fttvrfi fftr 


JVEJJ/ ^^^^^^H 


^\ii\i\ii>-h/ffrh nttJift 


lUfi' (*JiTi) /jrv^Cff ^^^^^1 


liftbU xtrMUi/Kfrnn// 


duft-jT !/itf'j€f, tabling l»ttok ^^^^^U 


t\n\ti\nr fr'U (v.t-) 


diiStk ii-itrnr (v.tvj ^^^^^H 


iljihlmk tttaki' lnutjh 


diti\ (ij^l ) ^^ narmv, fjK yi^tmdf ^^^^^U 


ilAi tmlA' fibf/fii 


^^^^^K 



H^^^^9^^^^^| 


1 m 

^ 3HB ARABIC- EN i.iLISU VOCABCLaUY ^^^| 


^^H t\tu\ti bMt, jiouT^t tnaifi ; pltPjf 


diLwaqt, ifil«»fjt! nmn ^^^^H 


^^^ (mwif) 


:Jiui&^b &rm'n, T^^o^'J ^^^^^| 


B a t^aqn&ran^,- i:&ia 


tltwSn I'^HV;, mniittiy, eonijXVf- ^^| 


^^^L dnJchiU tJ/ffi" 


HWVlf ^^1 


^^H dukhjilfl f'i£^ (?nfffnptl 


diyftnn n!fif;i'cm H< l» fl ^ r^ ^^| 


^^H diikbkhjU ^ hroti'jh.l. jm/^ (n 


d<^b ; dlSbok, ya d6b vta/roaif ^^M 


^^H d&khkhon fijj''?,^'^; {'.ht'im'-y) 


dt\ ihcBC, tho9t ^^1 


^^^M l|jkU 4'ji-l^O ^'^'^^''fft*'- 


tlublru nfiiivj ^^H 


^^H dnwakb, dniiWLikL mctt^ pHdy 


i^M^hfl ttraighif tfrutiffhrtotty ^^^^^^ 


^^H d'LWiiyji inkpot 


durg dratffsr ^^^^^H 


^H 


duk-hiLiiima thott ^^^^^H 


^H d[rAf«(f.> hvft 2a$ 


duklcrtr Jutj-r/iTi ^^^^^^H 


^^1 ' lib bail JJien 


dukkiln r^JtETjj \i.) ^^^^^H 


^^H (Ijjjih litt'jh 


dukhfll tirifir^ ^^^^^1 


^^H ili|^ tiiuyhiibj 


dWb, dMAb rt(j>Aoani ^^^^H 


^^M dirfi' finra 


dftn latff '^^^^H 


^^1 diiHUnbAr /j>«f^af»W 


duDiguUwt ftdfire 9/ J)ongot^^^^^M 


^^H diqtqn minute 


dunvo. dinrjk u^onU; *'<att^^^^^| 


^^^M tlikkn ffrirJi 


djA' = <iuil'' ^^^H 


^^B ^^B 


^^^^^ DHb* h'/gaa 


darr fi^'ui^, burf ^^^^^^^M 


^^H lUhr Jrii^A; 


dft'tf imJ: ^^^^^^^H 


^^1 ihirnh h) $truff>\ leai, rnrt^ (<i 


d^'iV u^'^fihffn ^^^^^H 


^^U Mt)j Jtred (a 'jnn) ; i^Kinh 


i^iiiunn firiaronJee, lofura ^^^^^^t 


^^B bfiynAtf/m'rj/(?ff ; ^lurrtb bulCa 


'jfniat ^^^^^^^^1 


^^1 ^'j frh^A' a airoll 


dlK mf?/ar 4^^^^^^| 


^^1 dftTuUil ^/je vtrw^ 


iJiiuu ^^^^^^^H 


^^H dflrnbfl ihfif Afroke 


diyfif [ni . of d«f) ^^^^H 


^^H ddriil>TiA}i lev afrnffi him 


^^K inrh 4tnhing , bhur 


nu^f uwdAnov ^^^^^^1 


^^■^ dftrbji a Uate 


^ufr^nf/tfr^ndtf ^^^^^^| 




^^H m^af 6* ^tffmflpif, azvm? 


rtj^ mitn ^^^^^1 


^^H fhuitut if^ ^'^V 


rvggftJ^bi - niggA'U (g 'J7t ^H 


^^H tk\mi A>. f/i/iil 


(ii#(gft' ft* hr^M^hi MiaAr, fV> ^^B 


^^H ruhibtd thry /ttglaml, iiud 


^umcii, rrjria^iai ^^1 


^^H mU'^b jj/rtirr 


. |i/fn«XH ^^1 


^^1 mbt) L-W, /^rrll 


I'^WMW ^^1 


^^B uibbn irriruj up \ E&i'lu f^u^y.-' (k.) ^^^^^H 



ARABIC-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 



369 



rah Tie iperU 

rShfl they leerU 

radd give baek, n^tum; put to 

(a door) 
rad&na depramty 
razaq hettoto upon, hU6$ wi^ft 
rasm ttix 
r&9 Tiead; r&f ia aan& JVi^rtT 

Tear' e day * rfl^s 
i^fl^bl = il jh^fabl 
raflrflfl trembU {from cold) 
raff&9 pfocv in a rouj 
tL'b, tend theep, twrfcA; cha$- 

tite 
m^adit if thundered 
rft'rft* get fregh and ffreen 
rafa^fk they kicked 
rafraf splashboard of carriage 
ruS ekelf 
raqaba neck 
raqablya collar 
raqad lie dovm 
raqa? donee 
rftqid lying, lying %U 
r&kib riding H^ t 
tftkfc rain (v.) 
rahha fooeenj let go 
rakhrnkh loosen 
rama he threw 
rumit «Ae threto 



rami $and 
ramm repair 
ranti nn^ ('-^-) 
rawa tcofer, irrigate 
rjiyih ^'w^ 

n't ; ya r§t lomdd thai I 
rigi* A^ returned 
rigi*na ice returned 
dggSla (pi. of rfi^l) 
riggalt = riggMit(g33) 

riha *me^; (s.) 
ridi acceptt eoraent 
ridf t / consented 
ri^q matenance 

rif village, country 

Hq saliva 

rikib TTt/fl 

rikbfl (A^ rods 

rikht^ cheap 

rub^t ^^>b/ 

rubb&vi .£^ropAin z 

nib^ gttortcr 

ruht /, youf went 

ruzE rw^ ^ 

rfl» (pi. of rAf) 

mfflf (pi. of rafT) 

roku cOTner 



z 



Zanwid inereoMe {v.t.) 
zab&'in. eab£'m (pL of 

zabtbi) 
mbfin cw*om«r, cZien^ 
zAtan personally 
zfid iTieTiecue (v.) 
lam' to rtTx>w 
zora'naT saTahna ice »ot€9d 



Eakettajiidbflf ^ 

iflmanft'fTw; (v,) terf H.ia ■Z^i-i..ik 

Eam&n long ago 

^mbU basket, hamper 

zGj like, abimt; t&y in n^ 

properly 
zirft'At crops 
ri'il get angry 
ziyfida flwre 



^^^^Q^^g^H 


^^ ARABTCKyGLISH VOCABULARY ^^^H 


^^1 


^bil ttJffGt 


zanti ^'ifA- ^^^^^H 


EjUiir dear 


zubMf (pi- i>r z^bH) ^^^H 


Ka|it/?o«fr 


eiigbaouati, ^iijjhELtCftl frny ^^^^H 


£a1iia fJ«v {for tctwftiw/) 


£ijbAr (pi, of ^kbr) ^^^^^H 


zuUeu iwonj; (v.) 

1 




1 


p**'al (iiA 


lui€ V^H 


HuMulU (vunH 


ftaUifnit *k4 delmred ^^^^H 


E^tbuli ryr^tftm 


ohoujcjiak ^^^^H 


,sjilftt i'<ii*k'.-t 


aiVmili pardon (v.) ^^^^H 


sTiliiij ri/''*' wi/^ 


aitoji jv^av ^^^^^H 


rttbt SaturdiA}/ 


Baniuigl tPtink-j/UMk*" ^^^^H 


«hb* /tr>fi 


wndl^q Actf ^^^^H 


aabqA rof^j 


aawu irfjeth^f ^^^^^K 


nggAlL 'iodtrr 


8iiyftHt (j]]. of kIa!) ^^^^H 


judffti ; qii^liv AQgL tanff ^ia^t^ 


^yiii /rrotmi, niafv%(f» ^^^^^H 


Sikild A/o''/' (v.) 


sfiyiLb, HiLiyuK rri'^f ^^^^H 


■mdtlmi tdk'ie 


Bflyibd, ^^tff^ i^7 ijo ^^^^H 


«»r;ui -/'.^i/h rofl 


H^^^ibt, saijibl / yaut J'ft ^^| 


aimii|C ffny i^ofe 


aibf] ;>>u'j'aT" ^^H 


tf*r|f, tHirg M<vitii4 


sibtiliibur Sepfrniber * ^H 


W'« strittt hi-ip 


sitiLni curtain, tntviov tiimi ^^M 


KVa f/TufifA ; b&'ji - . , iA'n jnniwv 


aitt lad^, grandmother ^^^^H 


/iMf 


ailt, atttJL nx ^^^^H 


oi^AU uHi/^^moAwr 


flitra c(7c(f ^^^^H 


ttfl'iU h^jt 


Biglriv dgardim ^^^^H 


Htfjir ^njmey (a.) 


Ai^giJa rviipM ^^^^^1 




ai^ ;WjK»t ^^^^^1 


a14 ^rrrri, pifmt^r -A ^^^^^^ 


■^rit vArf ir\tfcJl^ 


riiU-rl tf'iistrvol ^^^^^H 


aibfrfk 'Aiy frarinJ/«f 


ttirir br-dtUoii ^^^^H 


(iiu|<{d tw//'W-'."(*rf'Ki* 


airdiTj aidpcKilr otwfirmi^/^ria- ^H 


niikitr rmi^ r^rwi^ 


cWl:< J 


^ *Akii m-irmiat 


sliif ^n|f h<kj j|> ^^1 


Mikk /rtcjlr(v,) 


■ifarlyn y^ram^, fnip '^^^^^| 


aU jtote il<ru-n 


(if ffikkkj ^^^^H 


^ Aililni /hoi-r, ffrtvtin^: wi ■ 


^^^H 


fulAiu irm'ifi^/vr aft 


^^^H 




■ik;ii '- tnn-tUttd ^^^^^^H 







ABABI0-EN0L13H TOCABULABY 



391 



8ikk& street 

sikktn, sikktna ^n^ 

sillim aieps, ladder; taHiia^one 

aimfL^ heaving (b.) 
Bimih brightt trttiiinff 
Bimi' hear 
simia ffrote/at 
«m^a thetf heard 
eialu (pi- of sana) 
sioTi age 
aOg&r injure 



Buba- ipL of Bftb') 
sutfl a tixth 
sM (pi. of iflwid) biaek 
sQq m^r^i 

*ufra dining-table 
sufragl table-tervioU 
Bukkar sugar 
aukkarfja Aw^ar Aann 
euklillQat Bukhuutya /orer 
Bukha hoi 



£V 



B 



^bl youth^ apprentice 
{■abba-r te«p tooih'Tij; 
qagar ^ecf ; fag&TA a tree 
^Shib friend, owtter ; fahb 
(^hib) il bet lartdiord 

fohtha ^jT^A 

(lahh be correct, proper 

flahhfl iA^ aiBoke 

^raf iipetrf 

faraf t / epeni 

flatakb aAnat (v.) 

Sa'id, Bind Upper Efjypt 

ia'b dijfkidt 

faff rojOt UnetJUe; (t-) ajroitje 

in a TOW 
(Ala prayei' 

ffitih i^fonct^ 
falla jmiy 
fatlat tnato 



gftliahU they rqKtirod 

pantya ft^y 

^gf euniTner 

Bihi \mke 

^ir (aibir) nf up, uofdk 

qir^ar cockroar^ieA 

^ubfi*;Sn^/ffr l^^^ .^'|b-^^ 

^ubb nioraani;; 19 ^flbh Ai* 

^ub^r&n (pi. of aabl) 

gufOh Tvq/, ^cmiCiB 

pugundu secOTid €. 

fughaiyftp sma^ 

^ugbr childhood 

^iiT9> picture 

f uramitt of>A&far 

purOrjoy 

fufra fo^ 

|uqut/a^ (v.) 

fUDir (pi. of a^mar) 6r<npfi 



sn 



Shft' U7£»ift (v.) 

shaij^&hT abflrah for sbaiya* 

Bbaiyfil, sh^y&ipffrier 



sliabah re$emble; (a.) likeness 
shab&ka net 
shftbb youn^ man 
Bbnbb rear {of a horte) 





^V S93 AHABIL-ENOLISH VOUABULART ^^^| 


^^H abatAin niiniH (t.) 


flbam'A candle -^^^^^^M 


^^H i^bAtirD iTiAttfi irfW- ttnitthjir 


Mham'Hlftn carvtUMirk ^^^^^M 


^^H th&tii' '-i^er (pL shn^^ und 


shAmm fmeJ/ (r.t.) ^^^^^H 


^^H flbn trill) 


Hhnniinj^m rjfatrT-rn^J'rrta ^^^^^H 


^^H ^bagnr frcttt ; ehaf^ara a trc^ 


^luinab imju^lat^hf ^^^^^^H 


^^H PhA^r I'Olfi 


Rlmuaq hitnff ^^^^^H 


^^H AhALi'1 ir^fntK {fi.) 


ebantfl tn^, porirrtanfMit ^^^^^M 


^^H sitnhhi] hurry (v.) 


shatikstk Jidxyl' ^^^^^H 


^^^H ^ImkiJ' vuiiith 


ALriwrdtid iiy-fi'trmtlp ^^^^^H 


^^H shnKiLt f^ 


sbriwUh connta'/te ^^^^^^^| 


^^^H ^ViA^it h^ pulled 


ebA'if, sbAyif ^/^^t^ ^^^^^| 


^^H ^bfrTjUi ff'fMn-j, mujb 


eti-^ th'H'i f ^^^^^^H 


^^H tfiinrnt triir (\\) 


t,Ut.iixi Siibin. .{^vtj Y/K^ *> f'^^l 


^^H sluk-riirl rvn tMi'-iy 


bVi^j'u'II rhi.y $tint ^^^| 


^^K nltAii* fifrr^ft {]*]. Abuiviri^) 


tftihtink f/fitufotif ^^^1 


^^H iliArik r<ilir i'\f^ pitrtncrfhip 


tihilvrui HbirA rt^W^, rvK ^^^| 


^^K ebftrkm /iFOtujlti 


titiiliM fpr'trtfvfi {v.) ^^^^^M 


^^H vhn^t, ftimliHmi 


»h\i\\A, ah^M i^oJM ^^^^| 


^^H flhfttr "•i'^k^yiiiftfit 


iVaJftia' ^^^^^H 


^^H ■hrnTkif ftotufui {v.) 


eliHdty/i rohuMtnfM ^^^^^^| 


^^H A)tikrc|dvf natitv of thn pitaxnag 


iri b ff fifuk ^^^^^1 


^^H />/ Shaytfiifa 


fibtrik I'Tryifn/^fir^ p/trtttef ^^H 


^^H MiAHr jmef 


ebiribt 7, i/ov, ^fmrJL ^^^^^H 


^^H flhAY Aj^'V 


abtrbfl tk/^ dmnk ^^^^^H 


^^H fibjk'lil ^rurn/ tfrfofiameit 


ttarlptf ^^^^^H 


^^H KhM A<^ f jv 


ahf) f^iA^ fjETu^ (imp,) ^^^^^H 


^^H xVinql ujirtJy 


6bl^f -j; Sf'-in^, TttVt^ VTi'f V>n ^^^^^H 


^^H atiaqq^^ff'iNirH, cnvnWtf 


alifikn ^^^^^^ 


^^H uttuk^tA Juirh't 


flbufihl ^lyrk, hvfinfM; nhngti^^^^^M 


^^H shiilcQflti A'fT/tm^ 


pt^/y iff ir^rk,joh ^^H 


^^H nVinkk rh^ipii^ 


flbubiirhj'(pi, ^r «hAbiij) ^^^1 


^^H httjikwu ftimpliiiiit 


flhurb tlritJiiwj ^^^^^H 


^^H «-hiil hf ^/zi-T-Jo/, /oofe nrra^ 


(fhn-fim (pi. nf abfi*ir} ^^^^^| 


^^^H ?h^^ th^ ravTind 


Sbiirt /, r/on, ^nv* ^^^^^^H 


^V Sh4in : hilAd bh Bblbu .^vrf'i 


sbui^/tv {pi. of «bnq1) ^^^| 


^^H Bliniiiibit w^HMhadt, wnMr-Ufi, 


ebukolt 'p/irkfr-rnjfcrTft^ 9**''*^4^^^^H 


^H thuittr 


«0m« ^^^^H 




abull W«#^£o/A ^^^^^1 


ebvwttiya a UVie ^^^^^M 


^^1 'aijA f/fi«lH; if^nMS 


Wyid 'nk run? m a /M> Joy ^^| 


^^H 'Al/al ia»9 


<kiyi] rAtV'^ ^^H 


^H tV/ 


'aiue, 'di( 'n'lt^'Ajr ^^^^^H 



ARABIC-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 



393 



*auwitr damage^ rtdn (v,) 
'auwart you damaged 
*auwaq be late, delay 
*Ab drs?ion&ar, be di$honotin^e 
*&My& eoarae itfoollen cloak 

'&t = 'ala it 
'a^flhSn ihirety 
'agata wtieel, bicjfle 
^ 'agftm Fertnaru 

^agayis (pi. of ^tgOza) 

'agtn douffh 

^Agllz old; *agftia old Vfoman 

*Adfl enemy 

*dda CT£«^om 

'adda croM 

'add A* W^ 

'iirabt Arab J Arabic 

'arabfya carnage 

"arag, "urug ^ Zarac 

'ar&yia (pi. of *arfl|a) 

'arid hr^ad 

'Jiriii crpfwe 

'arli? bridegroom 

'arik qaarrd vriih 

*Brflga ft^t/fi 

'arbagt coachman 

*4z won/ (v.) 

*ftiabaQg1 hachdor 

'auib torture, pitToah 

'as^kir (pi. of 'a^karl) * 

*aakaj1 ebldier 

'ftflftya gttfJc {pJ. *u^}-) 

'o^^ small bird, ^ai-rofr 

'&Bh live 

*aflhi dinner, fupper 

'a.sb^ — *ala «baii /or, because; 

'aHb&u kede therefore 
*aahwft ditmer, supper 
*af rH apirji, devil 
*af sb luggage 

*aql ur^^erv^om/tru/t infelUgence 
'ak = ^ala ik (il) 



^is annoy, ieaee 
'a| = -ala il 

*S1 very good, first rate 

'ala f»i, to, at, of, abotii 

'ilam taorid H«l» 

'fill ft(;^A, fcwi 

^ig heal, attend 

'Sllq. *amq/xW«r 

'atqa a thraehin// 

'alJaq Aom; up, put to. attack 

'allim Itach; {'ala) sign 

*am smm^fioat 

■amal ^ i^^ TOizff^f Aa« done, 

4-c. 
'amallf a doing, deed 
'amalt /, yott, did 
*amil treat 
*amm paternal ancle 
'ejnmA paternal atmt 
'amnauwil la^ year 
UuifroTTt, than;- 'ala in (il) 
'aud at, by 
*andak you haoe 
*andJ / have 
'ankftbllt spider 
*anwin address (v.) 
'awog crooked 
'fiwJD assist 
*iijir reproach 
*tah bread 

'fin eye ^^^t- 

'£yar iinrf 0/ basket 
*ihy (pi. of "ab&ja) 
^lir stumble 
'itta tmrffe 

*td/(?rfiuai» holiday 

'irif Ae frne^c, j>«rcc*'Mrf» reroi/- 

niaed 
'irift /, you, frrtfiw, perceived 
'irflfin (pi. of "arls) 
'trsb&n (pi. of 'artsh) 
'i?i be rebellious, disobey 
'iahrlnlya W-piaslre piece 





^^^r ;|M ABABIC-ENGLISH VOCAJlULAaT ^^^H 


W 9, 'ilm ktxj^lf^i'jti 


'u^urSt ;>^tjm«y ^^H 


^^^ 'jiui fjf^ htiifl 


'Oh-a. *6A:tL (f, of 'aiTBjr) fToo^oed ^^M 


^^B 'iwi^iiun tM£farfo/(wIt1i verbfi) 


'urban (]il ot 'flr^b] ^^| 


^^H iyi ijet iU 


*iikk&j rrirfrA ^^^^^| 


^^H 'iJVU ff^i^ 


'uinflid (pi- of ^uiodft) ^^^^^1 


^^H 'utiii|1 lifbhler 


^umr cbye ^^^^^H 


^^H Fa* fii fe ^> ^'£n^\ and 




^^H FnUttit ^ y?riM 


itik-]iA /iTtit ^^^^^H 


^^H fit ffitti^ l&a'oe 


fiLkk iin/aiiteri ; (i-j tmti/&tg ^^^^| 


^^^k fnloJk *ypen (v,) 


full&h ^tivator^/eilah ^H 


^^H rat&bi^ ifify 'ipcned 


fnli^ll»y/fjrjrir/, rot/ c ^^^| 


^^H TAtiL ^/ir jiaatiyf 


tiiU^H iimfi^ni -V ^^^^^1 


^^^H ffitih f/f.ieriiv^, t'/ifn 


FftVAyiuit ([tL i»E FnyOmt) ^^^^H 


^^^H f&tunk thfr^j 2tn*j":t.i 


fiyit. fta^tir^ii ^^^^^U 


^^H UlIm fiitta^. of flni^ 


fujiiail n4j/(Pt( 1^/ tfte Fayowa^ ^^H 


^^H f jt^A^i iNuthfi-^iMik 


fiVb rr/j^nv ^^H 


^^H fflfH' '''J''^ 


fi in ^H 


^^^ tah]ji[ii 'jive to imd^mttamd^ in- 


5brA>-ir Fcbrway ^ ^^| 


^^H Jf/nit 


fiiir ijof teipiii ^^H 


^^H TiL^m <^>fU 


li^r /^r^j^ tfi^/ati, hrmdtfajt^^^^^^ 


^^H f ^1 empty 


fi^ piuiiy ^^^^^M 


^^^H fiLiMa nitvr 


Flh in (i, Ainti tfAerv m^ on ^^^^^M 


^^H fajl - mill f.uilnWfr^ ytmr teitve. 


^\\{m underiiitxnd ^^^M 


^^H hfuU^ 


fiilil lyimuin ^^^^^H 


^^H fir mnutie, r^ 


a Jl'Win'f ^^^^^H 


^^H furuli fivtiiltiig f^vHtritim 


fimn (|U, iir'fai) ^^^^| 


^^H foTll-gl jiVVtlTvr 


^^^^1 


^^H fiiT'Uj luparrr/f (v. ) 


I'/^El ^^^^^1 


^^H FArVf^ii em}it\/ 


tintk ^cTii^t {t4^iij) ^^^^^M 


^^H Ebn^t j»irf /ji'^, Jlom 


^^^H 


^^H fKimi^ iilu f^)/f a/vr 


fiii^'AcL rujj ^ ^^H 


^^H fitiTitn WV^i* 


f^t n pQMitJiy, ^jtun^ Mi'ov^ ^^^| 


^^H fnTriK 6a^, hidiiiity 


f^ OTit )'7>, <J&uria, <>nT ^^^^^| 


^^H fuklu 'irrj 


fLkqfkjU vpj'tr ^^^^^H 


^H fU(r)-i»? 


/, j/rni, ]H3MKd, Ufi ^^^^^1 


^^H fjuuuh inntv vvoffl; rraU^ oAiiuf 


fn^jt ^^^^^H 


^H 


fu(iir i/itiJefiut ^^^^^M 


^^H it\n^{\\ -Jt f'tenti itn 


fu%\i)n Ur t^Xitka ^ 13» 1%^^| 


^^H fa^ii ru/ Auf tcJoLh. Ac.) 


^1 


^^H fA'il 4.\i'-fcinAii 


f uru 0iHin, <€oH ^^H 


^^H faqlr/vtfr 


fumin* iwr wm ^^^^| 



ARABIO-ENGLISH VOCABUT.ARY 395 


fupha recreation 


fuiaka Mff 


f ulfLn $ueh a one 


Fraosa France ^ 


f uldB wu^netf 


irtXa, fruit C 


1 
Qabad $eixe 


q&fil shitting, shtd 


qfibil meei 


q&f &1 «Au£ 


qabilt / TTtet 


q4] eay 


qabb rise to surface 


qala_fry 


q&bbil go ^cnUh 


qala* fo^ c>^, sjiraiA 


qabl before; qableni& before 


qalbftcorf 


(with verbs) 


qal* estrading 


qatal Ml 


qal^a ei^oJ^^ 


qata' ciU, extract 


qalam pen ; qaiamba her ften : 


qafa't / ^, deducted 


qalam ruga^ lead pendl 


qaV ciiHingj adting off (■») 


qim A^ row 


qahiw] (pi. of qahwa] 


qamar, qamara j/toon 


«. qahwa c^iTee, coffee-hotue 


qamU jiAir^ 


qM ft</M (r.) 


qamlla dictionary 


qidir pcjcerfui 


qau^ara bridge 


qadim o/<i 


qaw&m quickly 


qailQm hammer 


qawl very 


qadd limit, potcer, exieiU 


qftwil ^t^ contract to, engage 


qaddim bring forward, pretent , 


qibat (pL of qibtl) 


serve 


qibil accept 


qada do, perform 


Qibt-l Copt 


i]&di judge 


qibll «ou2ft 


qadiya affair, case 


qidir fca Me 


qara read 


qirAja r^a^^ini? (&) 


qarag «firz^ (t.) 


qirabt tier^h piastre . qJxMbSD&t 


qar^t ^ou fecui 


tiiPo piastre pieces , qirube aagh 


q&rtb relation 


a^an/j>jarfre(^.) 


qar? stinging, ding, bite 


qu&za6oi^ 


qoBam 'ala he diifiied btf 


qilla scarcity 


qarbof tie to pommel ofsadfUe 


qima amoun^i vo^ue, tfJa^r« 


qarrab approach 


qinnib twine, hemp 


qlU meaetkre, try on 


qiy&m rfortwiff, i^rtore 


f{i^\t orphan 


q61 «^a^f?m£n'f rfa;^arvifi(m 


qa^ cui 


qu^Sl HHen ^ ^ 


qaabshnr shell, peel (v. ) 


quit«- CO* V . ■ ^ 


qa'ad sU 


qudto (pi. of qadtm) 


qu'adH th&y sat 


qudama (il) the ancients 


qi'id sitting 


qudum be wrm o^ xcUh age 



Cn 







^V :i9f( ARAB1C>BSGL181I VOCABULARY ^^^| 


^^H (jUfttlrlin in/ionf of, before 


q^l 9tt'j, imji^'ov/^ (^P') ^^^^^H 


^^H <Liidjt, qiitiAh {pL of q\dt) 


r, yon, Mid ^^^^^M 


^^H quruf bttftung 


qiiEDJlEb etvf ^^^^^H 


^^^^^^ quflTiiMU' tihfwt 


qTiQi^u] ojmtd ^ ^^^^^U 


^^^^H qu^y q^^KiJ^j/r 


qiiaQu]!ltii roftmilaie C ^^^| 


^^^P f^u'Atl fifr^ff^ (a.) 


qilvn (qiiw^u) ffrray/A^ powr ^^| 






^^H kabbn-r ni^iKti ^;hm o/iH^r/aifff 


kanabS eo/a ^^^^^^M 


^^H kabrtt ftiatrhitt 


kAnuritfM^ ^^^^^1 


^^U kAtiLb i^nV^ rtc^ It^^tfw 


ffAf wu ^^^^^M 


^^H k^kr^iM / wrofif 


kAnA f/if^ rjyvff ^^^^^H 


^^H k»tubiia vffi iprote 


knnn fV>E-flr. nhelirr {v.) ^^^^^| 


^^m kAlib clerk 


knnllQ no/jEv //tfwe ^^^^^^ 


^^^ h^tt&ir irirreojn^, mah' rturh ; 


kHwittfnf lo^k^miih ^^^^^| 


^^H kiitti^r kh^TAk fhfinh ytiV 


kfiwn.lirif^'1 h/'A'frnith ^^^^^t 


^^H kntra *'A<^ctiilin'j 


kciiin fjri Ihoufjh ^^^^^| 


^^H kfttnta r^Ofi^.rx (jjr^ air) 


krtlr Jrtri-Jr, »«j-y; kvUmUl refTMt | 


^^H knhlL rDni;^ (v.j 


koHp A^, thit^Jiat ^^M 


^^H kudd&b har 


k^lubl) fr/u/^ ^^H 


^^H kiu1<iib ^'tf /t0 £0 


kibir' 57rorf ^tf; ^^^^^^ 


^^H kiirAf ft^nnter 


kildr* keblr %. v/ii ^^^^^| 


^^H kjiHin 'alu/ruf info ^uaTa»/^n« 


\dtAh hook »*4 V *wdtfV^^^| 


^^H knr^ha hun-yimj [e. ) 


kiUbtt iir^ting (c.| ^^^^H 


^^H kiuui -tv rmf/ w 


kiUbktuiikii iibmrjf ^^^^^M 


^^H kttMiu' /^no^ 


kltf shoulder ^^^^^H 


^^H IcasriKxiH *mt'''^j>ftn 


kirfh/ai»rAf-v/,/a£|« ^^^^| 


^^H bu^uM'i ttiK'j brilte 


kin ;7j!frji« ^^^^^H 


^^H kjLi^ir- hrtitit fii pitvx* 


kilAb iyl of kidb) ^^^1 


^^H kjlMtil 'JTi/W UlZtJ 


kllLlwi rhur'-h \-\j. « >«9i«^i^^^| 


^^H kDBtiJVTL tJi9%TQ 


k^m THcam/i ^^^H 


^^H knibiukf f^r)rv>rv^, ;>^ro^t»0 


k'ibf.r (pi of kiblr) ^^^M 


^H kkl (iikAl) .1)/ 


l/ranj^at ^^^^^M 


^^^H kalATii inrrrf. fnijt 


kijblulva tjloMt. tumhiw ^^^^^H 


^^1 knlfiii lofk 


kubr ^"171^/ ht'j, matthocd ^^^M 


^^^m k'lib <i^ ; ktitlm hU dog 


kiitbl /Ki"),P'-ftet ^^^^^^ 


^^H VaWAxAh. for^f 


Tur ^^^^^1 


^^B knli /, ymt, af^ 


LLtr <rfVKH ^^^^^^^M 


^^B kiun/tfv 


kn\\\}n cou-.'h (i.) ^^^^^^^^1 


^^H kim Aoir ntwA / Ar)r<' many^ 


k^r^ ffoSJ ' ^^^^^1 


^^^1 kamilti. ktimAu toctf olm>, niill 


kiL^N^g whip ^^^^^^M 


^^^M lounmlUbA tanQ*, pinrn't 


kiuub ^in. uiu ^^^^^H 



ARABIC-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 



J97 



kfi< elboa 
kulfib little dorj 
kulfra cholera 

kull (dl ; kulle min k&n ettfrj/ 
t^n*; ktiUe iDunlui tahoever ; 
" kulle ma a/^ that, whenever 
kiilluhnm all of fhejn 
kuittbftniya company 



kummitpra peara ; kummitrfiyib 

apear 
kurs! cftoir ^ 

kunt I iea£, you were 
kunD& loe vtere 
kuwaiyiB pretty ^ 

kuwar (pL of kUra) 



KH 



Khairf (f kbairlya) chariiahle 

kbaiya( tailor 

khftiyieh puf t^rapping (khfiah) 

on 
khauwif fi'mtcf 

khftiiwif^ kh^Kiwuf frighten (V.) 
klial»L^iL Ihffy knocked 
khahir t/gipSh matter 
khnhit kljjjbbat AftocA (v.) 
khabbar inform 
khabba^ cfiarkUan 
kbabta a knock 
khii\al snatch 
kha\x handvTrifing 
kha^rak your sake 
khdga master 
kbadit she took 
kbaUa thei/ took 
khftdt If you, took 
khod take; khad 'ala £at6 to, 

yet accu^omed to 
khoddam aervarU 
kbaddim employ 
kijiini.^" 'JO out 
kbarai^ leaka^ 
kharaq horc, fiierca 
kbarilf ^leep 
kfinr)i,isliji .•^-latih (a.) 
kharbaq piece with hoie/^ 
kharrag take out 
kharq hole 
kh&sa get thiiij ahrink 



kbft«9 concern 
kLjL^^ar spoil 
khiL'ituib w«v/; khflflhaba 

piece ofvifxnl. board 
khtL^Ksh (*nffv 
kh.ify<!ar(v.) 
khafa hide 
kbaftf ;t;^Af , slight 
khi-ii get tc>:U 
klial inoienial uiacle 
khula [f&if W (a.) 
kbiklat fflix 
kbnlatjQ rag 
kbali.H compUtdy 
khSlif 0;>^Ki#e 
klaiiffl ca/j/rA 
kha1ba( ci-'/r/i'/.-^L , mix 
kball 6« deranged 
klnUla/e/, /'.arw 
kb&Uix^il /Af^ rfi^zjci 
kbulli have, let (imp-) 
kliamas, kbamsu five !->-' ^ 
kbamii^ 'Jlutinday 
kbammfirii inn 
kbanaq throttle 
kfaaDiq quarrel with 
khunsur 'f'urh 
k\ii\iii\ th'Otiliwj (a.) 

khush iffKjtinj/, uraj^ing 
kWA horees 
khidma service 



z\ 







^^^f ^i^tB ARABIC-ENCJLI^H VOCABULARY ^^^H 


^^B kHiHin <p1. of kliDifkO kLurp {pi. of &kbrat) J^ itmi ^§ 


^^H kliiKi te fVh'jrHnt^ f>f^ uhjf 


riuTTjf- ^^^1 


^^H khMi : bi UhlOf fntrary tv 


kbumi /uii/ ^^^1 


^^H Idiuit /a/« (uDp>) 


kbuf&Tft, khi^firB pt'fy ^^^^H 


^^H kliuridr {/reeiu, ty*/ttaliat 


khuioU ifiiick-i'SiapaTid ^^^^^H 


^^H khudari (fi-'^t^sipv^r 


khulti^ /j« jfiii^ied ^^^^^H 


^^H kburui £t: impaired {itilalhxt) 


kliukil M jhtiffied (t) ^^^^^| 


khulq /fmptfrar/Krnf ^^^^^H 




^^H 24d) 1 liLiiima uArfi, uithT ^^^^| 


^^H Ttn 


JjLWtL ^^^H 


^H U nof 


leifin r^ut/, «i« 9rdtriki^ ^^^^H 


^^^ Inn. 10 lY; lau lb ovMi ^; lOlA 


^^^^H 


^^H ^ imt, fnU /ifr 


111 to ^I^^^H 


^^H IhhiiTi nii/^ 


ifijmiif»^^ iruift f0-M^ ^H 


^^H Ubi9 f/>fTinri7, Jrann^ on 


11, Itya /<> RH ^^H 


^^H Iftbhlln '"j/Aman 


libiK r/othe, piU on ^^^M 


^^1 Ia^I, leiij^l f/m^ in firdpr that 


libs clatftJSf, fjuitiim* ^^^^^M 


^^K b^bwiL /'Lncjba^ diaifr-J 


UiivfSkX for il igwftB ^^^^^1 


^^H lii£aau leat ,- fteaoMe 


lihiq r^'ofA, w¥riaAf ^^^^^| 


^^H 14^01 rtioiU ; k^uiH hit of fneai M 


liA^E) tOHffUe ^^^^^M 


^^H lAzint n^Avaartf (pi. Inunln, 


MM4 ^^^^^1 


^H 


j;aA« ^^^^^1 


^^H IjLt^liitr for i1 ii?g)i«r 


liqVvn It find ^^^^^^ 


^^H WxU }'lnti iriffi 


HngUc, Fur iL tii^lTt ^^^^^H 


^H Uiif foiif {v.) 


U>h ^viivi ^^^H 


^^H 1*4)1^1 Lvqii.^jW 


l£v aintofuh ^^^^^H 


^^V IvfAc /, f/'ia, frundt k<K^ /mnd 


Uu ^^^^^1 


^^H la4|i) th-ti /mtnd 


Lu^lu faw^rviijp ^ ^^^^^H 


^H lAkiit Au> 


rfi ^^^^^^1 


^^P Ukbbnt C't'^/iw 


1(1 Ki^ n/^'^ivnty ^^^^^^1 


B ' Umfln /'-Fnf}^ ; UtuAria a hiqtitn nu^A^/, nftOuf^fU ^^^^^| 


B Ip/rK/n 


IuVilivIh fiatel ^^^^^^M 


I ' Umba /^tm^j 


Luu'hmkt LtiEidurm, lAtt^^^^^l 


^^^ r Umda fofsp 


LtmJon ^^H 


^H ^1 


^^M ^fk, mti ^i/^ tfhJii rr....-.\^ ^;../, — ^ ^^1 


^^^1 Llll, lUJl tlOl II rn^ 1 


^^H obiyit, iai*yU f^floJ ^ dj-m^vmi ^l' r>>^-Ti ^^H 



^^^y AKAtlLUeNOLlSH VOGAf^OLAHY 3U1» ^^^| 


mniiwitA ih«y kUM 


tmsmi tvivt^ ^^^^^H 


muhrB'l .rf/fl (ft.) 


mnerdd hafJc o/ a '■ar/Kt^ ^^^^^| 


ninbfaf]^ timSifiUe'i , pli'JWti 


muf/u-wu (^iJ. 4if miL^) ^^^^^1 


mubu! ifutif 


uiHF^Qmpy'r, tnxrntl v/ fftm ^^^^^^ 


mAlfl Ihcr/ ili^l 


Hum- E-tftpit Cairo ^^^^H 


(UtLlul dtrlUllrit, JDlil-JJtid 


Maqil Kijfjptimr.^ fWrene ^^^^^U 


mftlnni = rin^ira min 


DiA^ywl^ friiji ^^^^^^H 


mutatrji ^ imt^mt it roiW/ 


n^4.^hA] ftn-ryiwj, i<rTfvr»^ ^^^^^H 


nmlbjikb fUl<h*:n 


uift^tiftvikij (i<l. of fili^ibh; ^^^^H 


r DltLll-*|| JjZU/% 


□iLtbl Tfotlajiii ^^^^H 


1 mugtirib jHtn*-/ 


mu^ljghOl /juiy ^^^^H 


1 miL;;iuJiAuU/^f« 


modhbOr rmoierisj ^^^^H 


h taikblja (?if^ary 


JElAAhbUa ^/rnA? A» 'ru/A-, jmi/A ^^^^^| 


^H m&lkl, 'hIu luulU Alinitt/ 


lUiLHliy a tcalidni/ ^^^^^^t 


M innhtu:* A'"/v?i'CT 


mtU ^^^^H 


1 mabiittA ef'^WTx (mi'Juiiiy, ^f.) 


lOa'ivldijrA fcny ^^^^^| 


^^H iimbAkijA (|j|, of oinlikuLHa) 


ma'inii ynth iv ^^^^^| 


^^H mLtt^^il; piiufit 


mft^Sshu. n Umy^f ^^^^^| 


miihmif yK ma\\atJX nureiji 


ma^nfft Afj^wnjiian-r ^^^^^| 


iiiuiifft.4la fwt/olio 


mji'liuja "itit/ft ^^^^^H 


iiiJibluimii Cl'if'J. tiihtuii^ 


rua'lnui Imnrrt, w ilvubt, q^ ^^^^^| 


\j\i\'\tn\ Atrii'^ktH'j, jwjjf 


rourjjf ^^^H 


miL^I:iru tit".T/i-j fhaf 


mufinli <ipf^ ^^^^^^ 


\wv\A tttcfrk oiU 


miifra^h f\jhl"ci<ttK ^^^^^H 


inmiriiftn A-'/ifol 'i 


ii^;L4j4t /r^'/ o/ ct^mmher^ ^^^^^| 


niik>1riii (mA'Iiiift} minarr/ 


1llikqtif4 *'-tiMjT9 ^^^^^^H 


nuvru tfvmnq 


mjt4^^LiiiVL jj4>;y'f<r, aUiU'j/ ^^^^^U 


tusir'AU tltii'f^, 'fi»f<ut 


maqMl <7i^0f^ ^^^^^H 


marl'\{ /rVvj! 


riia.'kCl| ^^^1 


murfsbft rtuj/fr*** 


makiftb 'f^rtfrnr? ' JxvMn. Wii/^ , ^^H 


marrii rtm'-n o^-i^on ; bi 1 


Tnaktnb il hM^^ poai-offi^t ^^H 


mntra onfo/f^ruil 


cnihksCLr imtk^i ^^H 


rxni-t, m^d Miirth 


mAkhdAni tinninr ^^H 


mnifiikiL fnttine, baftd 


iMJikhzfin ccllur, Ktorehowte , ^^H 


mnt\'(\l jUi'i, Corrivi 


nuJUima JjiLfidAwl tuyg<Lyr ^^H 


iikOwi^iL (pi vr ojuc^Lr)) 


'tm i>( CI ^Oijj ^^^^^1 


lUiurirfL /liiifanri^ 


miVI prtfft^r^j. rirhm ^^^^^| 


itifwd for r^rnvijih 


Rinlft /i/, ttM'i {fi fftm, ^) ^^^^H 


uiiia^n\ii v'^'^^'f^ 


maLik Av'ni; {j^.., .->/^'i ^^^^H 


iniu'fiL iTv/t'n«ltl9 


mnliku 'jurvti ^^^^^^H 


miiii^riii imprimHttd, priwiui 


likikllt jin/f ^^^^H 


UUUkii Au/i/i'ij/, frrnnf^ 


fua.l'dn a^^itmud ^^^^^^H 


□iiL'^klii ipsiUi'ht^l 


CQulUu jriflUMe ^^^^H 


modkaii i;iAdA<'rn/. haautt^ 


a fitting ^^^^H 



|I^I^^9^^H^H 


^ 400 AtlABlC■E^'<.;LI8U TOC'ABUlJLHY^ ^^^H 


^^1 m»lykii/tUt, tvixilfd 


mi^taklidim *7ir9filoysd ^^^^^B 


^^H lijAaJll tuuulkertJtt*^ 


xuibfjuinl waitiruj/i/r ^^^^^B 


^^1 mikvrarr], or moljit il mawnrd 


mUri', miKTi' hvrrymff ^^^^^B 


^^H /c«i.' t/'fiff r 


aiiakG thcj/ ttatted ^^^^^H 


^^H mawncLr (|J- of nii^^lm) 


mi^iixd'/orycki ^^^^^H 


^^H lud/ii jVay 


misb^uiia iaH ^^^^^B 


^^H msCBlUm tfltt'ti 




^^1 mOgTbft, inijflW a bringing 


^^1 roagl^, aii.%4yi n fmninif 


miflbv&r tffatht crrartd ^^B 


^^H riii«K>ktii^ L/r t^fjiiifvr 


Qiitibja theij 'caljtxd. tMnI on ^^B 


^^H rnoMl>b ^inrj^, /r]>ni/ 


mi'i mth. me ^^^^^t 


^^H lutMliLuvitr 'Alii Unjkiny ufaand 


mi*cA ffOtU ^^^^^H 


^B 


^^^^^H 


^^H inertudu uitiMmj'TT 


tfipei ^^^^^B 


^^H lli«rAkht Ifoatman 


mjill = miu ill! ^^^^^B 


^^H mcrkib h-ialt ohip M 


mm /rom, Miin ; min 'oU^^B 


^^H mcv.itir Jvii>i-nej/niy, ttartirnj. a 


from off ; mx^a. fitTm her ''^^H 


^^H 


mXiifohitt rt K> { ^^H 


^^H m49'fi«|j»<)iiFib neitinff 


TEim'^LiLr ffilw ^^^^^B 


^^H mo^oUu] /ian(fin/f, hur\ff up 


luiiLfdkh bdlvtct ^^^^^| 


^^H mo^olluu leach^ 


moivA ura'er '^^^^^1 


^^H md'jdjiinjh rMu/fjn/d 


milt. d&%ih.,- /MVfdiitffly If ^^^^H 


^^H mokluilfb £1 ctjnfrtit'ETfitfty, police 


mil iWHiBA* ^^^^^ 


^^H ifff'i7ire 


muti^iya ft ^vut'rty, ^«ndmff i&te 1 


^^H inttruk^^id u/iholitfTer 


muhaiii r/ifin/oAff ^^B 


^^B luittAkil entffn, 'jnaiMtt 


muddu period, hntt ^^B 


^^H r iDitr ffl«^v3 


MiJsH fttmtt ttf 4 tifwi «• ^^B 


^^^ mi^UJiiiTV))^ marrv^ 


^^H 


^^H mi^ijL inth hjtr 


Uu&liiu Musrujiit'irt ^^^^^B 


^^H inidtfA town 


musmiTi inufniiir nail ^^^^^B 


^^H mix -> mill ir (il) 


Mi]>iyij Mr. ^^^^^B 


^^B mifWAl^ tt-jotug, departure 


m^i^b - im&liuwa«[] ^^^^^H 


^^B fai>Lc^TjLiu [a (il) 


inn8hrik pitijjtTieulf idttttitrr^^^^^M 


^^H mifiilc »i^ 


tnn^h'uritjil hairy ^^^^^t 


^^H tniqiufin^b li dinm^aoUnf/. nMr 


mulXitL ehey ^^^^^H 


^^L^ 


muWu beiieixT ^^^^^^B 


^^^^ 


^^^^H 


^^H 'Nil ihi, ouj 


sai^piS eftanrltiun ^^^^H 


^^H tmiyini /iiy i/f>rw 


nn^f^rlr ^^r/mtf/r ^^^| 


^^H iwt<^m ratn 


,-,T^/ ■"■^tfr^ttff ^^^1 


^^B OBturit it raj'wiJ 


u ' ^^H 


^H wtt '«V (v.) 


bttiiiu iiij^/ , j-H L.....-I <U fairfnp ^^H 



^^^^ ARABTC-EN0L1BH YOCABUT.AET 401 ^| 


Tiu^ya direction, in ifa dirti'- 


ntbSt* uelijt uii'iid ^^^^^| 


fi'm of 


jinaliy ^^^^^| 


rmdah mil (v.) 


nidtf r/r>rin ^^^^^H 


imilolit / eatU'i 


rt-paitt ^^^^^1 


ii'tiil tfeecsiuiiwf 


iiSfil j/f, r^i/TF'f^ rJtnon ^^^^H 


tijiaiil Mng, draie, tUnnt 


EiiMn ioi/ine7i ^^^^^^M 


njL»ir eye^ht 


□lai forget ^^^M 


hAs p^oplt t < 


nialt /, j^^, foiyol^ \iw^ far- ^^^^^ 


^^K KftfriLLiI ChrUHan 


ijoClen ^^^^^^ 


^^F nflidiif efry (a.) 


nUwAll lATfTKTl ^^^^^1 


r luislir Mfftinp 


uiabil t;r/ tiry ^^^^^U 


L tiA'im 9o/( 


mfi ^^^^H 


B iiufiir ptrri^n 


^^^H 


^^ imfiUcb /V<>u (v.) 


tliUlt /, ^fTUp JlJf^^ ^^^^^1 


^^P nafA«^ 


nimr f i^^ ^^^^H 


^^™ Tinffiid nftflA*, f/™^ 


Nim-'^n .4ri«^ha, Ocmt^n\/ € ^^^^^H 


1 uilqia Nnnting 


luictt^Vp'l (f, aunfiAidyti) Aui- ^^H 


L Tifujqn choot*p, tn'irrf 


^^j'tfLA^ tieT7;tiJTi ^^^^^H 


1 ii/ikio' r/^iy 


aiyabrt iirot\ti'fU%or% ^^^^^H 


^^^ n&m Ai? Bf£/»e, TfiT'^ /c> hfi 


a6m ^tiep ^^^^^^^^| 


^^B iLun^is irirw/fu'^«f( 


□ heQI ilfjinrtt ^^^^^^^^M 


TUinmHr titiirili^ (V,) 


JtM^f ^^^^H 


nihil /j-an'/i nv^A, pojit 




nay raifl 


iiiyim 'yinf^, nl^rinff 


mimlra (pL of nimrj ^^^^^| 


nwfify umffo, wli go 


^^^^1 


W 


word HMf^.jIiTicerf - i^C^'S ^^H 


P WttbUr IkhU, train 


witT tow 


warditi&rl firdinary, eomtnon € ^^H 


wiignd hejoand 


witrrs i}iciff ^^^^^t 


wn+^n* jHim i (v,) ^W, pom 


wiiiraq ;>u/ tm leaves ^^^^^U 


wru]il love (v,) 


6fi(/tf (iuiy.) ^^^^^H 


viUiid (f, wahHii) rtue^ a 


wiLMhft warffMh/tp (pL winuhj ^^^^^| 


wjLhdu, U (Vflibdii &y Ati7uw{^ 


wiLznn umVjr^ ^^^^^| 


vjJ^hU fciYt^ heanit 


w<^ji incite ^^^^^H 


WfthI r^'uri 


4Jt6alA (pL of wu«lA[)f) ^^^^^1 


viu) =: waLiLiI 


u-JLSoq /oiv/ (v.) ^^^^^1 


vv\l (pi, of wiilyln) f^iey 


wit£iX^ii diri ^^^^^U 


yraAiW he h/^H'jht, lal 


w«s(ui< leitkn, makr rootn ^^^^H 


VLbUQ thin/ eimetyai, bnruijht 


Viii^ datmliB ^^^^^1 


wibni fi'fi*iu£ 


wmffA cAflfijc. enjdn, of'ii-r ^^^^H 


ViLfaq f^/^ff*-, paper*, t^lYf 


wjJl rtu^pl (}>L wu0u1&t) ^^^^H 


wAriVi p(tti4iyy\d tv 


wjkGt d/ki ci/'i'/'lfte^t ^^^^^H 


B 


^^H 



^^^^n 


^^^H 


^H ^02 AUABIC-ENGLISH VOCABULARY ^^^^ 


^^1 wifiq agree leith 


wirie tnJttrit ^^^^^M 


^^^1 WAshwisli whiiqjer 


wirim troeit i.) ^^^^^H 


^^H wlcjif atawiin'j, flopping 


wir^ ^^^^^^t 


^^1 V'iLC|t ^tmtt; wm|UhiL <U that 


dirfy ^^^^^^| 


^^H 


a/nfit^ ^^^^^^^1 


^^H witq'n ho/ff'\jiffhr 


wifl^TQ f^hai'ii^, ortl^r ^^^^^H 


^^H Mitiiqji' to fft/aJlt drojr 


wiflllf wufiftl anivai ^^^^^H 


^^H ^vjiqijuf ttop [v. t.) 


wi«bab /ivA ^^^^^H 


^^^1 wiikll aiflml 


viflio /Jie nrrived ^^^^^H 


^^H wjikhil vvx/vv i»tij/te4 


wiqi' he, iitffil ^^^^^| 


^^H wulnd ftoj/ fU V ^( ,<^ 


wiqj't /, yi>fi,/^ ^^^^H 


^^H wj^Hm or 


wiri'iim thirsz/nfl ^^^^^M 


^^H uiuiiib fvn/Hih, teap ron^n^ 


mtlit Ktnji {V. ^^^^^B 


^^H w], we, II nml 


wilid ht^ifii, ffti^ birih to ^^H 


^^H wi>liku em-n iff alt/*ifltgh 


wugDfl j'ref^-v ^^^^^t 


^^K widu (f.) far 


wu«ul ir/tro/ ^^^^^| 


^^H vifi/i^Q (pi' of w^Ui) 


Viift mi'Lih, rm/fv ^^^^^| 




ji^jfl fA?y rrm? ^^^^^H 




^^H ^& #1'?!^, cr 


yihkiiTDQ fh^yjutl^ ^^^^^H 


^^H 3^ttm vTfJiAti 


>idr;ibit thiTfj HHH ^^^^H 


^^1 >a'nt thtU M f ' fajf 


yiikur A« incnimfv, aptakt <^r/1^^H 


^^^H ^Ai[i^ roli'ir 


^H 


^^H ^Akul A« eatf 


^vi^nUimCt 'nlii th*:]/ fiaiuit ^^^M 


^^H ^nii^yir Janudf^ 


yiikunH fhr^j tivr, tltcfll ^^^| 


^H vctira Me^ W/ 


^j^aIIjiIlu Oif:ij Mierff, rrjMXiF ^^^^^^| 


^^1 }e(alU-i] thfff draw ottf 


^(trif hn M/>*mU ^^^^H 


^^B yogtb ht ^n^ 


\it»hbikil 'i^ff^ eritnn(jt& ^^^^^| 


^^H je^bbO Mf </ /frr« 


3'i;^titi|Ehilfl, yUbt*£b4ft 'Af||^^| 


^^H ^eb'^shA tfAf^ itm;' (-^ 


vromt ^^^H 


^^B yer^]) hn \/"^i, mli tji> 


^ishi'rib A«f/nnA'^ ^^^| 


^^H )r«r4Ili11 thftj ijtf 


\i'raf[), yji^r&fO ^/i^y ^'ruw ^^H 


^^1 3r«?}il)l\ Ifi'fj /'(ftrij 


j/ikuUim h*^ tpfoi^ in ^^H 


^^H jriMLAf lif i'HJi^ KHV 


3'LkkiJliiuA tUf^ n/^ii/' ^^H 


^^H ^vnhCffl the>j «w 


J'iLllLSfl thfy //rvjW, ^^ ()f| ^^^1 


^^H yec^fil 'h? Miyr 


jiinjIifL thrjj \etilk ^^^^^H 


^^H jeql^lft tho}/ fay 


yimlcin if iAy^t^iU ^^^^^| 


^^^B yuqAm fif^ if, utantfwup, tiat 


tftp'j/rit ^^^^^M 


^^H j^nkhtfC milk thrv f*'<tr 


<fay ^^^^^^1 


^^^B v^p 


« 1 ^^^^^^^^^^1 


^^B y\ - 


^^^^^H 


^^H y\\\\i' ■J''"* u^'. <iMdk«0 


^^^^1 


^^^^^^ j^illH'ijm Mr^ -/u up 


^^^1 



^H YOCABULAUT ^H 


^^^ro THK WORDS CONTAINED IN THK KXEEClQEfc ^^^H 


^^ ON THK A.CC1DEN0E ^^^H 


^^^^^^H Paht IL^ENGLiaii'AiuBic ^^^^^H 


^^^^ ^^^1 


^~ A twi^W(5 24T> 


llgftCt DTuAFf ^^^^^1 


1 ikhilir.)' "nvfditnt 


Agre« with w^ji'i; Agr«e ^^H 


1 M&gddir; h^Meiji'fir 


to|^eUtei' itttfiiPft ^^H 


m about (iiau-lj) rfy, fa^riV^rt 


ngiteoiQul; ouui«U«a^i'«emvnt ^^H 


^^L above /t*/ 


^^H 


^^P 4browl ^ bitfid haTra 


KU- hmr^; gifs Q&twolf ftlrt' ^^H 


m absent; wc wero abecnt 'jfiihnn 


kii^har ni/Mi be alrtJ ^^H 


1 ubuf.0 (v,) j/F(tffin , ilfdu.*i 'tda 


i/A»up/u ^^^^^1 


■ a.cua^>t '^j?Ji7, ^f rJi 


AI(iiitndrJa Ifili-andtiTiya ^^^^^^ 




ixWve nvatf^iJ^ ^^^^^| 


lUl /ctUl; ilII ib^v r*^ r'f ncijUr; ^^H 


^F aOCOUILt 1B>) ^IfiklA 


ull <if iliviu kitlluhuTii ^^^^^M 


iki^uLjae iiA/a'ti 'aUt 


^^^^^H 


ftctil Jjatntf 


rUmfl i^(itfa?ui ^^^^^H 


ftcinftkuttkiice »fLt'n/a»~ niako 


aJoDa i/^2tt, U*rajffu ; hvt ^^^M 


imjuiLiiitaitr^ uf it(a*n\f 


alane \flta-uil ^^^^k 


aJU ffajita\ uiHwid; he adJ^t) 


aiUioLi^b w/(Ui, uWou lit, ma" ^^^| 


tf^ma\ Bf^M4i* 


^^^^^1 


adUr«<B 'riAtrf;^ 


alvu3'« tarruiiii ^^^^H 




H.uibtii (v.) t^irith^tin ^^^^H 


fLQkOng/f, ^Jtrifl ^^^^^1 


AlTibir ii|£tV*yj 


ankouut, qim/i ^^^^^M 


ari.191 ^'ii 


4Aijci«at yit^Cui ; tJbc Aii«lenLi ii ^^^^M 


nf[,(*rw[inl)i !«>//■ 


ipttiflliUl ^^^^^^ 


u^uiu irUA^m, Attnufn niarm. 


u ^^^^H 


frM/ra JiiftyiL Mnf 


augor ea'ai ^^^^^M 


fe^e '^/ir, Aiwi, cvut« i;if ttgv 


ixuury M^Uii; gtl autpy n^i/; ^^H 


ifttagk g«t angry quJL-kly U^t^iwi^ ^^^^H 


^^^^^1 



p^^^^9 


^^^H 


^H 4U4 ENQLlgH-AhABiC VOOABULaHY ^^H| 


^^^H utLiniikt fiiirJin 


lulc ifflW; fdMA,' fuUc fop^^J 


^^H itnfioy '<iki$ ; be tinnojed 


cEiObolf tffalaJi ^^H 


^^H it^tiffir, UUikhid 


Adkiiig (a.) flb'if, (p'U't.) fdii& ^^H 


^^H uiiotber Id^i; knindu ttd/tiii ; 


liApfmlt as/alf ^^H 


^^H ou^ nriotber ha'd, ba'dina, 


i&»^uJt tt\ditfil 'ftJa ^^H 


^M ^r. (^ 308 fi^.) 


aasipt Jtd'ei/, 'dmn ^^M 


^^H ii|]iMU'«ntl> A^^'tn, bdyint bit/in^ 


jutialaace ; oitLl to n»i>b^^^| 


^^H jcAAUPdAuf, uA gfidfiil 


tOLce ittijdr ^^H 


^^H lipppar b4nt hidir 


uueiate {v. L) t£*a«JUV; t>^^H 


^^H tLpple Uffoha (col- pi- tiffah) 


naBOcukted tithithArik ^^H 


^^H ^l^rrejitice ^bi (pL fubydn) 


astoBiinb i be usU>EUAtieir^^| 


^^^1 nppruHob qnrrcib 


Utt'jhrabf Uta^gih ^^^ 


^^1 uppTove i^iitAji'n 


MimiJcr ; be puILod »«u[uUl^^H 


^^^ a|>proximiit«ly ^o^fAan, bt t 


inlxtnLfh ^^H 


^^H /a/rAmfn 


^{xmi, Wd ^^H 


^^H April abrii 


Atmo^pheTe hav*a ^^^| 


^^U Arub ^lra6 (p), ^ur&dn), 'n/uU 


attach 'aWo-/ ^^^ 


^^^ A-Tribic 'arM 


fttlflnd i/fa/u^ ; {iueiJiGaUT]^_J 


^^H ^nAt) ffdyn 


^M 


^^H arm 'hi''i' 


Aiigiiatr A(fhmfui ^^U 


^^^H Jtrrny ^rv/^ 


auDt (pLblL-rnikl) *nmw« ^^^H 


^^H iirtjuud f^atcni^n 


(mAt«rii&l) ArAjffA ^^^| 


^^1 jii-ninge ratiih; ba arraD^ed 


Austria Xtmiut ^ 


^H >fra/ft/> 


Aiutri&Q nimtdiff (f. Ntjn«tf- 1 


^^H ikrrivK (fui/, (of [i a^mou) dn 


rf^) 1 


^^H Mrivhl ifrV^/, i£Tifi^ 


Bwak? (v. l) foi^; ^^J^^H 


^^H HwunJ /i/>* 


jtffiikti Bo^ii ^^H 


^^H «ao»nb fu/ii* 


iixo Mfii ^^H 


^^H lliu'b«Jor *azalanffi 


blink fianA" ^^^^^^ 


^^H btu.«k (s,) yoAr; {olE ciirrWe) 
^^H truurtid ; stand tmck ittdfiht'r 


biLi'«rD»t,t>d ; s goJti£ bftt^ 1 


frtotod itt'''* 1 


^^1 twL 6dfff^ 


bftrjiijf ehiHr ^1 


^^H tmltLi khfifnjt; he bH.k«<l inkfut' 


bjLiT«l }*ai'jnil (pi, AamrTuA j^^^^ 


^H 


(of gim} mdfdnt ^^H 


^^^1 iNkki^ryrfDYlr' 


bftskfti *iifnti ^^^t 


^^H tuiUvinv ttniakfm^ bttll^ 


bbUi Aajiimdta ; (v,) ^tfii^miflitt ^^J 


^^H ball A-rJni (pj. AifF/^f) 


butrlu uViY'rl ^^^1 


^^H bbll ^duUL'o) t'tiJiu 


btuuir #rJy [pin litf^) ^^H 


^^^B baili^oii f'tiJi/iri 


^^H boiiiilirl -il^k^ (ceil, Jll, IfMtl) 


will liH icMn; 1 wan^ ^"^^^^1 


^^H bauJ (miiile) mofrit.i 


w«r» jbrnf, tt« w«n tew« , ^^| 





^^^V ENOUSB-AnABlC VOCABULARY 400 ^^^| 


1 tliay wifm /^nu ; tbfu'« ie, 


bmtards C^i'A) if bayof^ ^^^H 


r *%iv/t»^rtfi 


bind m/wf .- (b4>akfl) ^Hfl ; be ^^H 


1 benj' (tiiidure) ifl^^nif 


(.KitLtLJ ifr'tf'fif , ii'iiilHd ^^H 


1 lieiird /ti^i (f,) 


1>iniHn)> (cuv(?i> of bookdl ptldii; ^^H 


1 b^taiAt; wiH hoast lea^j-lta 


(boolca) taQtid ^^H 


1 (col. pi. fcn^h) 


binl 0°-'^<'') r*^ (('°'- P^^ '^)* ^^1 


L heat darah ; ilrigij 


(amnll ) ^atHra (col jil 'a«/iJr) ^^H 


1 biH^iine Vi/fi jiAiin, 'f^f1n« 


bjrtli uifihia ; giva Irirtb Ut ^^H 


1 ta^aitt i^/m^ ikintrm 


^^lYirJ (f. iPihUt) ^^M 


1 hfooinc loi/a 


bii^ouit ^^vrrf^d (pL hiuskKitcV) ^^^^ 


W \'i*f\ /itr»h ; gu Vi 1^ n^;n 


Ijit ^f'f/a [pb fpiUU) ^^^H 


1 hutlouin hiiii^twt 


(^ ^^^^1 


^^m bedst^iid tnrtr 


biftck iictri'i (r i^Ii^j, pi, i»iZ'/) ; ^^^^^| 


^^H b«er ^Ini 


turn bifbrk itfi'diU ^^^1 


^^^ liefor© qfihl, f/itiilr- iiiti 


bbickguptnl (t.) t<^ii£i7 'rtiu ^^^^^| 


L lit^ */tii^jaf ; lAfd^m;/, i/'fL; 


bUmti ^^^^H 


^^^ begot fA'Jft/ ; begut ^vitQmtioiiH 


blivukA Adff'infyo, ^t>Jrn (pi. ^^^^H 


^^f of flliilili'vii iHauIid 


tArVrnfi) ^^^1 


m hey;in hmia, iatabda 


bloAtL lidnkji ; lj!i«w^wttJ[ rttaiq ; ^^H 


1 br^nmug ftureil 


hi^ bla«l> uftiZ-rn/v-^ itfrdrik; ^^| 


f bGgiiilo <jhaipa 


be bkst vitb itf/ft/l^htr U ^^H 


Iwlrtuil *r»r[i 


bUn<] (rt.) a^m*! ; get bISnd ^I'mi ^^^^^t 


J»fll]fve afidiUiq 


block (v.) ^^^H 


lh"ll*VeP Wlu'lJJifl 


btow (>.) iinrhti; {v.) oa/nfrh ^^^^H 


Kul] -/rii-jjs, 'j-ti-ij^ , (efnallj ^yi/yiV 


bliio '(^nii/; (for frluUlillE) ^^^1 


Wlotj^iu^ tit M(£' (pL beid-) 


£nhr<i . bcFCome blue iinirfii ^^H 


hflllowfi I'ii'fyitt/i 


blimt (ft,) »i«ea^/im ; gut biuiit ^^H 


tfccpcb 'iitA:ij 


^^^^H 


V«nil ^wia 


board (b.) /^^ ^^^H 


beodiDg (bo^ritig) dowu (s.) 


burittt tjakhkh ^^^^^| 


nmfrjffj/d 


htmit 'rierK/f ^^^^^| 


Biulivir, [inti^'e of Bi^rher, f-fff- 


bDntULAU jfi^Ff^^jW'C ^^^^^^k 


brfi, fjttri'irt 


\tQily \pft*i^ ijiifm ^^^^^^H 


^^^L beefide, Lffiifidi; llilu, Lor j^nlihv. 


IhjLI (v,U) t^Wtf fv,i,l </Aiifi ^^^^^1 


^^H j/HAA^Ari 


hi^ilin^ (a.) ghjtfvrt^ ijhitl^ja ^^^^^| 


^^^ bnmdefl 1^/jA" 


bold thftffi'; bo bold ifghdfir ^^^^H 


1 lic«t"iw upt>n ra=*7 


bonk b'f^^y ^^^H 


P liettt^r 'jJifiitt. ahim* 


b(iokE3«llcr AW^f ^^^^^1 


1 lit'Wuro (iuip-) tJM, Mufy-, fj/rffp' 


luro (a bolt^) khiiftJf ^^^^^U 


1 bewijjiir; hv Ujwiidt'rLij ^yfflr. 


bom ; be Ihifii itwo/nd ^^^^^H 


L *^t<^f 


iiUii'tf ^^^^^1 


I Iwj^ ^>/, /j^ft (pi, Wiati^t) 


fp^m ^^^^^U 


1 hiuycl*, 'tJifoht iiiJttJfUtf 


bourid (v,) ifdithtid ^^^^^| 


^ i'i^ A*i(r, (ti'iJr (}>l hthdr) 


bov (bend dowitj frf^4 ^^^^H 



^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1 


Af}& EKGLTSH'ARABIO VOCAnnLART ^^^1 


lowing (8.) mutd(li/a 


broken ^jviitfii^ ^^^^^| 


bowl td^a 


broiher iikli!i-Ji; tay Wrntb«q*^^| 


box garidHif 


oMr]^, akftt; bis brot.bvr^^| 


hov ifyif/uf, iffjd {pi. ftrf/df, tfMrf 


^MrlA ^H 


Wa^) 


brown amnr (pl> vumr] ; be-^^| 


bT&dki^li HAiiiq 


come brown ismarr ^^M 


braitL tiiinAgh 


buokr^t. ffitnlal ^^M 


Itreaif <^«A 


bnlfnbi i/nn'JjAi (cH. pL ffnwr0^f ^H 


broHk Adair; Ih^y broke 


pL yfip^mf/) ^^1 


AiJiirtnl ; brPJlk t^ piPCPB 


bulTnLi-diTivej^ ryafrimtf* ^^| 


kasear : break t\\'» tt^^t JlfiT : 


build /lijia: tliey built ftcBwl;^^! 


b» brokao inA'aJtrir; thvj 


be built iitfiana J 


wore broken iitk^ar^t 


builder han^rft ^^^1 


bnakfart [&0A^"''' ('■)-''f*'' 


building i'^.) ^ind^a ^^^^H 


briV« (v.) Airrfai; be bribod 


ha'ill ■matmt ^^^^^^M 


itf<oFfal , 


fdr ^^^H 


brMo VirrffO {pi, *afii^«, 'a/vT^j) 


bump khabat fi ^^^^^M 


bridegrufjiu 'arb (pi. 'iVufn) 


bundle rahttt ^^^^^M 


bridgp 'jnnlnnt 


bum (7. t.) ^ofui/; be bnrivt ^ 


Irripbt (i>'?r9<»[i) nmiA 


<lt>wTo in^oro'/ ^^J 


bring *?fW, im<f't't ; I, ycwi, 


buflinees ikughl ^^H 


^iruQgbt r/i7>^ ; ^lie brf'D^bt 


XiuBj moib^fi ^^^H 


Qdbit ; tbey brought ^ftrf ; 


but I'ikin, /f.ji ; but fer UI|I|^^H 


brinp It hAtu . h» firiDpe, 


bntcber ^adrj $tii^dF ^^^^M 


will bring ye'fV' : bring in 


butt«r ri'Affa ^^H 


dakhkfiai; bring bivckmpi/nV 


buy ^AflTTn (imp, acAfcrf): 'i^^l 


bnng up ffl/^ri* limp, /n/fa'), 


yoii, boiipbt tshtarM; ll^'y'^^H 


(otlutnto} rahfia; btins ilowii 


bougbt UhiirA ^^1 


iwuii; be btciight up itrahha 


bu^intf (».) mi'i/ito'-a ^^H 


briii^in^ fWj;<Ar], tti^^r 


by tniit^ bi; 'and; (in cBClliJI^^H 


brtfxui 'arfi (Conip, a'rOtf) 


t^Lrdin^ farv/H ^^^^^M 


1 


nilipN tJttn/a 


cHrfirtTithr nfiiffj''r ^^^^^^| 


KShXi (r.) MoobA; I, j^ov^ culli"f 


cnrpt>t ^t'j'jfida^ f'ti^tSf ^^^^^^M 


imduhi 


*iir\i^'tytt ^^^^^M 


tmir\vi\ i/nirint 


cmriifr KfiP^U ^^^^ 


Ct^mvX jhvui ^mnAi 


CJiTrv, OLTPy atf AV «t'tr (iM^^^^^I 


c»n*l hr'ii 


/AV): Ihey Otfried itAJ/i»,<^H 


attUfll? A^uirVl 


itirr ciirnr yiAbU*) , bit 0tr-^^| 


fanill*KtEck ihamSd^ 


riori ir^^mii/ ; b* (uniaifl, ^j 


cftptein iwiUrAi 




ORrd (v.i wigyiJ 


fmrryinff (ft.) moilUf ^^| 



H^*^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^|^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H 




.■ 


^^V ENH LIS ir- ARABIC TOCABULARt iOl ^^^| 


iwKH (utf Air) fii^ij/a 


clench A'AorifMr ^^^^H 


cat trutt<* 


uterk ^n/' ^^H 


clever nhdfir (pi. flftuffJr. ^^H 


i-uLtle 'fliftJVvM, ftMyitn 


Mhitrin) ^^M 


(.T^llikr tTi«iA:Afcir) 


rlook {woo|l«n} 'atwlyn^p], *i'^^j ^^H 


ocQtro (fi,) ii^ufS ; (*.) ft»N^/((Hi 




^pl. r^jtjfd) 


oontatmy; master uf o^ro- 


(^loibi^tt hidiim ^^H 


moiiioa tushri/atifi 


olovur Inri^m .- foUttr of olover ^^H 


chuir fc»r*( 


t/aratimi ^^H 


olituppugQti fl/janf^an^/a 


dub kelulf' ^^^^H 


L'hHTlllHlllVK lifltftl/ 


CLiacliniAri 'orf'iliti ^^^^^| 


^^ cb8J[tg^(v,)f/A'ji^fjr;bai?Ban^ed 


fijoi fa^m ^^^^^^M 


^^H ityhaiit(tr,{GXchMm^&d)ULiulaI 


coat Wru .^^^^H 


^^^ I'Longicg Ifl.l tjJiiyAr 


OLibMcr piraindfty ^tttti^t ^^^^^M 


fhiirge (*,) iCTffjfn , (v.) tcaiffi 


not'tcT'Cvu^b ^^^^^^1 


tihftrity ^*i«a ; hhow olmrilj 


t^olTev '^hfi'-t ^^^^^H 


1*1 sluttji {o/tKatt) 


i.-uQc« bou^c '^fi^rfvi (pi. r^rxMifO ^^H 


cburitAWle THK^jjfl ; khairi {t. 


cull] (k-) fvtr'i ; (a.) 6dTvi ; (uf ^^H 


khiLxTlya) 


p^rsortb) harddn ; get cold ^^H 


cLurLklAn !.-hnhh/tf 


hirifi; cjttcb coH dMii^) A'Aov/, ^^H 


rhiiatise ^Tdaa 


Auni, kh-iiin /arrl ^^^M 


uliiit fyfidiiii 


ctiWnr yiija ^^H 


oh«4»(> n^AF^ (oomp. arJI'Aiif) ; 


colleot i/ari\a^ ; be cuLl^tS') ^^| 


fiud cb^i|i if/af^^f 


trjfjama\ itifjavm^, iUamt'i, ^^H 


I'hvniiat r4f;<f4fyl 


i/fumw ^^^^^M 


rh«qtie H^ri^A, tfitjvAJ 


rnlonal hinfi6»ftX ^^^^^^k 


nbest j^» ; <of di*[tffera) ^rJA 


polour /^-ri {pi, iV^prfn) ^^^^^H 


khild ■fliV'J 


ccim^ tjo,'. ^\h (imp. ffE^o^ ^d^a} ^^H 


rbildlioQil fui/hr 


(pi. tn'illu) . I came ;/A r nb» ^^| 


I'Uip, (« oliip{i«<] Uhilmia/ 


teniae, boa come ^rtt ; tfie^ ^^H 


i-))ol0r4 ^(-uf^ra 


<inmo j^ ^r?f ; ha oorDiMk, ^^H 


thoose mv/'yi», ikhtdr, UiAf^r 


will cnme ^?f; tb«]r ruDiO ^^H 


UlinfiUnij Ar^ffdn-l 


■jfig^ -, cume dciwu fmnV ^^H 


churrh kinua 


coming (a.) me/^^. m^yfyn ; ^^^| 


ohummin^ togetter m/i^jM/f 


(port) rni^ ^^^^H 


cigniotte ^iiiAr'\ 


commaDiidot h^kimddr ^^^^^M 


dWe) 7fi/'<( 


oamictLDder-iit ('hief adraJdry ^^^^H 


da»e 'htfitiftx 


Mftfifr ^^H 


olonn ('».} ni^/f/- (vj nadtfof i 


oommi<ru6 ti<f^ra; bo iu com ^^H 


bv ol«aiied iiiMt/i^i^ 


latTLTe fdi/i'r ^^^1 


dflHiiinir taiufi/ 


ix>ruuiiru tpiir<iin)irt ^^H 


L'ltfftr ji)/>rr 


COOlpun^ A^miAnni^a ;- koi-p ^^^^H 


oUuaeiit; bo decneat ra'4/ 


company vonfr^ ^^^^^| 



■^^^^^^^^^H 


(08 ENfiLlSH- ARABIC VOCABTTIART ^^^| 


cumpbrlmt^ht tlt'icdn 


cuuk (ri.) f/j/'/i'J/iA {\.\ fo/V^^^H 


GcmpoAaiDn fyinniifa 


A'Aa (i*-) l<xf<akh ; bu vookvd ^^| 


compel altam 


^^H 


complain uAfakti 


cooking ttiffriya ^^^^^^ 


rom plaint ifhiJi:wa 


Cupt ^'6/£ (pt. (2>7Af) ^^^H 


aompletely tamdm, kh^lia 


coTTtor n^n ^^^^^| 


ooinp<ise (bookf ito.) aiti/ 


c^tzvct {a<} ina^hAt i b» tforrdct ^^| 


eonceikling Aaim 


^M ^^1 


voacmu A'iiijf|r 


PMhime ^i/w ^^| 


eondition aharf 


cough (fi,) A'u^.Aii ; (v.) A'^o^A ^^H 


ronfeotioDer htdarfdni 


country htidd i rf/, ary^^ ^^| 


confess 'f2rr. itiiijarr 


countryni&n Imlaili ^^f 


uotiriii^vi hdcfihaf, k-hiJiia\ ; he 


courl. fwrACvrupA (rl. m/u^A^'m) ^^H 


oonfiisei itumJtal 


coTi^r (0.) ^Ao/fi ^^1 


coofuaedly ; talk conFuaadly 


oovtiC /tmi^ Ji ^^K 


baiyitii 


cov hjqtifu (pi. Ao^r, 'ifi^ ^^| 


congmtulnte Mrik ti 


^^1 


iH>iiqci3]- ghaldb ; try to onn- 


(.Tuviee »ha<fq ^^1 


qaor gh4lib; bo cocquorod 


crookisft ^afoaj (f. '4^74, pi. ^^| 


itgkolab : own oceeelf cou- 


^1 


quereii uttxo^fb 


crcp» n'rd'fU ^^B 


euna^Qt n'^j, \Hada -, 1 oon- 


croKa (V,) 'o'/'/" ^^H 


setit-^l rit/f/ 


cr(]w i//iud1/> (fiL iV/jVn'£m) ^^^^H 


oun.4cilh inM, ir/innia 


criirtl fjfi^ifAr ^^^^^^m 


iHknsftiro i'iimIiai 


Cni^h fliiihHh ^^^^^M 


ftouetablo i-ti'i'f.'Ufi ; chief ooii- 


ci'uuhiug fhiahsh ^^^^^M 


M-itbto hlU/uilpUh 


crutch ^ufthU ^^^^V 


l^iTLhtuTttiTiLiplEt IstrVthtl 


cnrumHer khiydr ; b<d of j 


consul ^jnrui 


ciiL^iimharA, mtfdta ^^J 


coa3iilatu qun^ttltiiu 


cu p jiiiyin ^^H 


Oitntoutud matwl( 


cupbinrd diUdht cA9/4A ^^H 


cuDtvntineDt. infrudf 


ctiHttiiD 'Ada ^^H 


«oiitl]iu« M/ini^rrT) f4nn (J 31^] 


ciiKtomi-r t^t>iln (^1. mM^^^^^I 


oot>tr»ct; pT"* fonltifcct ty ^mt 


mbd'jin) ^l^^^l 


cmiir^ilk-Xi Uudij' 


cunhiiu-lirjUNT [jitforMk ^^^^^ 


oftniiftilictnry ; bn rontTAdic 


cnslfini'hriuiw nfflivr ynM- J 


lory tkhtdla/ 


ruk^hi ^H 


OOfttj-fcTT ta ft» ftiiil/ 


cut ^ar^* (itnp^ *^K>> 9«rf« ^H 


cudveiit 'i'r (pt v'^ctr) 


cut cTul {dobb) fa^foJ ; 1, ^^^ 


convey fHxiJtf 


you, out 7Pirf*', T^iro^'; ^^| 


cioiimoo;b«coavluOM)iV<irw^, 


Ko cut ^^1 


ft 


ciilCirj^i CUT < gickf* ^^^^H 











J 


^^^H ENGLISH' ARABIC VOCABULAaV ^^^| 


TTranags 'atiwar ; I, yon, 




dnm^j^'wl 'diivai^ 


deeu^nditig (a.) mi^f; (pA^*.} ^^^^^| 


t\B.nce {bull) fifi/ln; fv.) ra^a# 


nAnl ^^^1 


<lMud/ ; ttlnk oiteaelf & djind^ 


dtvficeiit mt^^ul ^^^^^^H 


i/*Ayuj 


cIi^M:ribD a-twif ^^^^^H 


tlnrki ^oani» diirk i'lhrnaiif/ 


de<sert (a.) kh/ila ^^^^H 


tL-iiightf^r f'itif, hiit (pL fran'J/) 


deac^i ve ifH^a/jq, intdhH ^^^^^H 


tlibwu /ly 


deril «7j/fiin, 'n/rZj ^^^^H 


day ytfjT* (pi. l^Vf^m, iyAni). 


dijil^et lipjhirfi ^^^^^| 


naJt^r ; New Vrntr'a cinv 


dictionary qiUjftlls ^^^^H 


tS$ it tfHTMl 


die Tri't/ ; Ibuy di^ mlfu ^^^^^| 


"Iwul niA/it {rnatSfU) 


■iiiTerviK^e /(ir*f ; have a dilTc^i-- ^^^| 


ilMif . <1*Hif nrirt (liimb akhj-at 


ence itlU/iaim ^^^^^^ 


(pi, AAurp) 


dilTort^nt htit^iga ^^^^^^ 


^H 4J«Ar {pno«) :7Act/< 


difficult Bd^b ^^^^^1 


^^B death mdt 


di£uav ffi}f'U; t>e dijTuse ;aurfr/ ^^^| 


^^ debt i^fn; charge with s. 


dine it'agha ^^^^^^ 


debt <fai'yin, </Mff 
dobtiur ; be moae a debtor 


dicDc^r 'luAfi) WAu-Q ^^^^^| 


direction r^'Aa, ruiAya^ in thi< ^^^^^| 


iWrfilyfn 


dLTtH^tion of . . . mi^i/it . . .. ^^H 


dettintifr KfirA/ 


be tiimi^ III thii direction ^^H 


Decern l*er lUtamhar 


of ihefi'i'tih li ^^^^^^ 


dcclnnktiun '/f^/ 


dirti MKtf'ikha ^^^^^^ 


dnducf- 7Tf'"\ itttinxi! ; T, 


dirry tri'iiiyh (or^mp, ottMlfJ') ^^^^^^t 


you, dediiuted 'j'l^rt'^ tjafa/it 


di^mifls t/^MlArff ^^^| 


1 d««d Vimo/i.vcii^W 


diflduinf look wiUi di»il&iii ^^^^^| 


^^H ile«p iftliLUi^ 


^^^^1 


^H defend fiflj!' '4fi 


(iuwAKfi mard^, 'af^ ^^^^^H 


^^B degrtio tifTra^a 


distfuiH^ 4>u»»4>]f itihftfi ^^^M 


^^V delay (v. 1.) tt'afiM'har 


dUh foJut^ t'^hlkh , be di^jbed ^^^^^| 


W deliver ftilhm 


up intiharuf ^^^^^H 


1 dftiTiJiud (s ) fflfrt/*; (v.) fatah; 


disbriiLour (v.) *iifi ^^^^^H 


1 tbpy di^maiiJail fii/iAiJ 


flidtnihs ra/rui [ra/at) ; be dit- ^^^| 


^^_ doTuuliiih Jitt^I'f 


niLiiaed iirqfcid ^^^^^M 


^^B d em oli filing /iiuf^i 


di-sob^y 'iV ^^^^^| 


^^ deny »wjt«r 


distAruru ma^a ^^^^H 


d*>p*T-t *irir 


dtfibiut //i'*i^ ^^^H 


drpjirtnrn (a.) 'pydjn, fuj^' 


divide 'jiitum ^^^^^M 


depfAvity rti4^trsi 


divtjiiv iiiihuj ^^^^k 


ilurftii|ji< ; be (Ivmn^od /'^ft// 


di) V'FdJ» 'jiitfa : J, ycm, did ^^H 


dffrvibh f^arw^A , becumo u 


'avtatt ^^^^ 


dervieli uidnit^i^h 


douiltf; become docile ^I'Ji ^^^^^| 





1 ^^^^1 

^m 410 HNCiLISn-ARABIC VOCA&tTLAn? ^^^| 


^^H ^lorfv halcfjn 


druvlng-room f I/a ^^H 


^H dca liaih (pi, KM£) 


dr^^ {a.) iitfn, Uh ; (v.n,} iilf#;^H 


^^H dog-<^rb Uukk^r (pL diikafdr) 


tbej drefl4 yLV/ri«i3 ^^| 


^^H dfliDg (r^.) '<\Tnallfa 


di-esrimakur i:^jafyf1rri ^^H 


^^H tlumtneer UftMim 


drink f^'/nTj; T drank iMn'hi ;^^M 


^^H do&key ^in^'ir. kvrnAr (pi 


tbcij drank ahi'^f'iS ; liedritikd ^^| 


^^H ^i>nfr) ; conmdcr \ duakey 




^^H iMt'i/iinar, intaijfuiKh 


^^H Jonkt^y-Kij Annrmdr 


drinkiTig "T^ur^ ^^| 


^^H flonkoj-siLiMli- fiarda'a 


drivo Adr/i rikih : be drividik ^^| 


^^M door bdb (pi i'/'M) 


lYroAi^ ^^H 


^^^M cluor-hjiiKllH itkm 


dfup ffaq'/a' ^^1 


^^H doorkeeper £fai;vf& 

^^H double (a,) mi^urir, (r,) iytPfa 


drovQ, bft drovned jjA^ni^ ^^| 


iittat/hrtq,- Uioj iT«r# ^^| 


^^H (tcyuiric) 


drovtioij ghiiyum ^^U 


^^H dotihleti nT/rrTz^ 


drug rifif^fZ (pi. ^u*fj/ri^ f''f/*iyri) ^^| 


^^H doubt (b,) thiikk ; no ioubt 


drunk eakr'in : get drunk AjbV; ^^M 


^^H rridVttfn 


tDtkk^ (Irunk ^-dr ^^| 


^^H dougli ^arrin 


di^ (a.) w^Mhi/, get dry nM^ ^^U 


^H dmiTi MM'a 


bo cvvervd, Cillad, with 6w^^^^ 


^^H draught eharfxt 


^^H draw out tail<^ ; bhoj draw 


^^^H 


^^H cut ifitaUittl 


dytf (v.) taliat/h ; ba ^vtt^^H 


^^ft ■l»w«r (ju^ 


ifwafiaj^/i ^^^^H 




either; eitb«r . . . <»r yit J 


^^H inriy baitrl 


. . . yrt ^H 


^^M nftTth arrf (t) (p1> fiTVUl) 


elbow A:4' ^^H 


^^H HEkH^ ; fiTid AHNy ptt'ui-hil 


(L<li*vi<rL ^viruAar, 4i^!4«fcv, ^^| 


^^U »f oAvi/, /vi!; 1 Ata iLaff, '^e 


ihi'infuiT^ i^dfuhOT ^^^1 


^^H eittJ4 ifdipfil ; jnnke 4*at icukkit 


i'Qilviiiknierit yt^r ^^^| 


^^H Bditen mii'itri/. rniif^kil; \tecaU:ii 


fi|u]Jprur titififnilfi^ ^^^^^^B 


^H 


Amploy hhxuMifn ^^^^^^ 


^^B ncdijhKe ; b« cclipied Miti 


craployifo j/U'fftA'Mil ^^^^^| 


^^H i^CTvTTesce mjjAo 


oio pty /d^, /dri^jh ^^^^^K 


^^H flStiTveKwuce rna'^fvi 


eDclciHiirt^ AjkA ^^^^^1 


^^H otfg ^/^jj frol. p). f)^4) 


(s,) j/M^ ^^^^H 


OrxlUTfr iVr^^TRfT, t4VllV« ^^^^H 


^^1 Upr^r '^'^TP^ M ^'I^i If 


cMjt'iny 'ad,l (pj. di-efif) ^^^^H 


^H ^1^' 


^^^B 


^^1 l^qrptiii& VfiUfH 


^^^1 


tiij^LWi i4 J in^; («.) ii^nief^^l 



^^^m^^^H 


^^^V £K0LiaH'ARAB10 VOCABUrAHt 4ll ^^^| 


erjoiTi vftfpi 


eZACtIv i^mflTji ^^^^^1 


ifnjov inb'ioitf min 


oiamplo marital: ftir OJOimplo ^^^| 


eiijoynieot inbunlt, ^a^i 


Tfii^al ^^H 


ufilnngle; xlpy ent-inglp jTflft- 


exce|it (ad.) i^; eioept lliar. ^^| 


£iA?^; got entiuigl^ ilvtahtvi 


invjfima ^^H 


enter <lahhiU, kf'<iehjih ; tfiey 


eiEcecA ki/tt ^^H 


(iDlered 'ItikAaliL 


excuse; uci^uAe oneself i'*fcuar ^^| 


pTifry ihikhiii 


^jH^XAwg wang^d ' ^^H 


cDTinms ynicrfr 


explode fo^fof ^^H 


orr ^huSuf 


txpcue Mn^ ; (iQake clear) ^^H 


^rrikijil Tniiifite4r 


hfuin {lmiijit\\ (bu yi^tf) ^rtn'j/ ^^H 


ewApe h'lrnf'. fWyrfA 


exiingiiiKh ffij^a; b^ exttti- ^^^| 


Europe UrTibffiX 


gaii«b<*d infa/a ^^^^^H 


Europe*!) t/nii^jyf, rW'A'Jlrf 


extmct ^u/a'; ifltikkrrt'j ^^^^^^t 


l^f even Ad/fa 

everybody itt/fa mifl i^fft 


fiitrADtLu^ (fl.) ^u/^ ^^^^^1 


aye ^^^^H 


ey wight fuuar ^^^^H 


J 


fever hiimna (fltrniffld)^ irtjAAtf^ff. ^^^^B 


fade Ojra'i'i 


nij-'hiinhja ^^^^^^| 


faithful AiuVnrii 


few ^AriH^uyo. ttam, hah ^^^^H 


fiill iri'p', ptqit^ 


^^^^^H 


false Jrt'M 


fie ^^^^^1 


fiditrliuod kidh 


field ^fat iyL ffhUAn) ^^^H 


family ttfd li Wf 


fifilib (tuttle) uo^'fi ^^H 


far Uid; l^tid tou far ixtah'Oit 


file (row) sajT: (toot) mafrraii ^^H 


fiifltoti mbaf; thay fiLftened 


fill frifi/i/a/'/in,- they fill ^^/t/iJ; ^^^| 


rafcrtfil 


be filled inUtln {i%itiala) ^^^^^^ 


fuL: nirow fttt frmin 


filling (n.) mal]f ^^^^H 


fal-liffr nWj ; iiiv fxthifr 


fiiiftlly TjTftrT»7« ^^^^^H 


af'fiffa ; his TutKur ahUft 


find («.) iiqiffa; (v.) f/f/d, /J^, ^^| 


fuUiuKQ (^eb to Uifl bottom uf) 


ira^l ; Tt yoUf found fo^^/ » ^^H 


Ej^nirVa;/^ 


ih^y fuaud iof/il ; be fouiirf ^^^| 


Fnyoam, mrLn fivim the Fftyoum 


ttva^foft ^^^^^M 


fa\ftil\il (pi y'riv'^V"!^) 


fi n o finti ^^^^^H 


fej*r OO -^'^'^Z^' (r,)'AAa/ (m»'»t>: 


finger nu^^^^ ^^^^^H 


viifl/ fffnr ^'A'/fJ/^ 


fiugurnjii] ^^^^H 


¥"• lir iin ry jihr^t/ir 


finith : ho Qiitaheil thtiTuf ^^^^M 


fe*J *aw 


(f. irhiilftt), iitaiiriil ^^H 


fdliFW ^/^^J'^:(' {\A. (jiti'dn) 


firi:> nrf^ : /"ir~^4; (v^) ffar'ifi ^^^| 


ferry ujn ''trl/tiijri 


fin^t fj»'a7, itfimhlni - fir^t-cliuvi ^^^^^| 


fcAl.ivul *W 


tiaro'/a tUa ^^^^H 





^ 4ia ENGLISH-ARABIC VOCABULAU? ^^^H 


^^H fish MinaAA (coUpl- ttunttJA; 


forgf-t A^nv I, joa. forfrot ^^| 


■ <v.)4r'f'' 


^H 


^^H Gsherman sfydd 


fork K^^jta ^^M 


^^H fissure ahaqt/ 


for-vnnl q\idi}6m ; liring fof- ^^| 


^^^ five A^T^jOri, ^^amflta 


wa-rd ^oJiirn ^^| 


^^H Hxed vtasbtlf 


fi>UDti(iu Jiiajti/a, (drinking) ^^| 


^^H fliini^; barssc into flKmea ^ha^IH 


^H 


^^^H flacactl faticUa^ 


f<>ur tirba'y ari/a'tt ^^H 


^^H fi«e fiiiralf ; th&V fl«] Aorri^r^ 


fE-naiQ (a.) bino^ ; (v.) Atinfti ^^^^| 


^^H (lei^ng, dlgbt^rfZr 


FmuC'^ Frartaa ^^^^^^ 


^^1 fl>:mt '>^jn 


Frem^boiMii /r<En«flif-f ^^^^^| 


^^H H(KT i»ri, ard'^n 


frequent [v.) ilroddul *a/a ^^^^H 
freAi fd^a, /arl h gel Uvtfh And ^^| 


^^^M fi<jw down mf/ 


^^H flnner ;riAr {[A. rvhiir) ; rmrv^a 


green rn^ra' ^^H 


^^H (pL if^r^/) 


fra^hnesB fan^tpa ^^H 


^^^1 flutib izru'l'l 


Fridaj {y^nt, miA(2r] iy ff%tm 'a ^^| 


^^H llj (d,) r/e'Adilmi 


friend jhL^i/^ ^^| 


^^H flying (*^iji^ 


frighten khauim/ ; W ^^| 


^^H FoiuQ (s.) rafjhtea ; {v.) rcirfha 


friglitt^ned iWa'ofA, tnfiha44 ^^H 


^^U fodder 'altif. '^aJUf 


from min ; from hvr minha ^^H 


^^H fold (v.) ifUM, jahtnitf, iatai 


frunl ; in front of ifudtMm ^^H 


^^H f-viliNhiK^^Fi fiiimtiqit 


froF.b (fi.) myji/<n, (v.) ragha ^^^ 


^^H fooL n^f 


fraii /r^rty jak ha ^^H 


^^1 fuT 'a^a f^fit 'luMft 


fruiterer /z/.'oMnl ^^H 


^^H rorRi4 pir. 7rlT/tL 


fry tfUi ; >it fried itijalat iitfraiht ^^^M 


^^H forged mtt^in/i' 


fi^l faatythi ^^^k 


^^H f or^erv r<2r 


fun ; mhke fun cf i^ttktai ^^| 




^^H ^min hmtb, Idtib ; I jptin ol-^oh 


gcoUtmuu) 4/6tuU ^^^^H 


^H jttm« T)'^' 


get; get up ijdtn, (imp.) ^T^m^^^H 


^^H gUtlBT Mf/^TJ 


I ^pl i^p tujAjn ^^H 


^^B gfttden |;jf«^fui (pi. gfinA'in^ 


giddy : nj:>ke giddy daitakh^ ^^M 


^^1 j^owSyi'ti) 


itautfiokh ^^H 


^^H gnr<L(>]i»<i' fjanini 


girl Nni, lilt [fil ^f'in^\ ^H 


^^H ^rinent hidma 


give tf A£t ; 1 givr, ^iH |^irc^ ^^H 


^^H ^tA hifi tt/(i1t: iriVtfi rii# ulJ-ini ; tw ^^H 


^^H j^itthnr , ifiitbrr l<o^nlbqr(neiit.) | K^vd m^i ttid'lat - thoy jcaT* ^^| 


^^H ij/Zfii^ju' . bf |{aUjeriyl to* 


liim il ^lAh V **J" !(*▼• ^^H 


^^H gffthi.-r itlamTTi, ttiamvi 


^i/UU ; I, yutj, gavB* iSdH- ^^H 


^^^H K*^'" '^' inhahat 'altt 


giv# W'lc /Qjjya*, rodd^i W ^1 


^^B £«u«rKl (4.) j;innin6r 


l^iMn I'/'^fu ^^H 



^^^P nXGLlSH-AEABTr YOCAHULARY 411 ^^^| 


^^F '^iMm ^Ma/ M>hA^ 


gr&mEDor a7rr47»r^ ^^^^^| 


W f|[]iittoDotjfl aJ^Ml 


^rn^Ddeec^ jute kuh^rdt ^^^^^H 


1 gfiAw«d mittdHi 


^i^ndmotiierr/i^Jfi, *iit ^^^^^| 


■ ga rd^ ; I, you. Went ruhi ; 


grsLflu j^OT'AfirA ^^^^^1 


^^_^ «ho w3Dt rd^it ; they w«ut 


greedy akkli ^^^^^| 


^^B rdAd r he goo». nill gu 


gre«ii (j^'htpir ^^^^^| 


^^1 }«>^; we go. wHlgoiurT^; 


gi'tHTigrTrer khuffari ^^^^^H 


^^H they go ^erfi/^L' g<> hwuy 


gr-^^iia khud6r ^^^| 


^^1 roEAM.^ ; go out tth'\ kJiaru^ ; 


gr^dt 0aJ^('//» 'ej^v they greet ^^| 


^^H thay wenth ou /nidA^fJ . tbey 


yUtUlimH 'ala ^^H 


go up iji^la^tk 


gruoer haqq^t ^^H 


^o-b«twQuii, act tA ft go-t>etw»«i] 


groom (b.) afi'i*. jr/fyi*, (v.) ^^^^B 


rVif^OAi^f 


^^^^H 


^^^^ing (e.) m*"rKwiJ; goiiig cmt 


grouud Lir^ (f>) (pi. a7Uf/f) ^^^^H 


khurG^ y going throQgb /rt/ 


grow; Ut grow rakha; grow ^^^^^B 


){4Mht Trji'sa 


up hinr ^^^^M 


gciod ^aiijih ; Stid good i*(ii^^i'« ; 


gUfu-rit]tee (v,) datimn ^^^^^^H 


irfarrq/ 


guard ; be guiirdi^d xTtkaraf ^^^^^H 


goodx ^wj/fiSi 


giiAHinEi V^Hjf ([il hurr6£f ^^^^^^k 


governiDeut ituJtiivni 


gueat i/^ (pJ^ '4^V^J) ^^^^^1 


gown t!d^i galMtya; her gown 


gUD AuTii/ufli/a ^^^^^H 




^^H 


Knir «ha'r 


harm (v.) c/nrr, At' ^^H 


hiiirj /j/wiA'art!7tJ 


haste, luukvt hwiitf \$ta^i, ^^H 


half muii 


fftjUihil ^^^^ 


hatDiner ahtjfiiUhj qo^iil'n 


hasten tJiaJihxi ^^^^^M 




t/urn^fa ^^^^^U 


hAUtited TirifM^-ifn, raahi/dr ^^^^^U 


h&niLful i^iyVjn 


hava. I buv9 •iindt / yau h)iVt« ^^^| 


baudkerfrhief r/mndtl 


*An/&^ ^^H 




be kuvxtt Aiiira ^^H 


he&d rdf , kildou^'stioK] higU ^^H 


harkg ahatffVf 


iatifi/i^f. ni\/ifn ^^H 


hanging (a,) iihittui ; (p">'t.) 


heiidmun (of a PillH(;e) ^urrvia ^^| 


in^'afhq 


ht^iLL **4/iV ^H 


happen Aifflrt/, f/ara 


hear^i'mr'; tbty htuitd BrVi'tJ ^^H 


hmppiu^bf fiatia 


hearing (>;.) mmtl' ^^^^^t 


btmrt ^dffr ^^^^^H 


1 j/dbffUi . bard up ti'a*zth 


boAt /rarr, A'^^'il ^^^^H 


1 bjird«ri (v,t) i/atnmi'i ; (v-n.) 


hwftvy (ii/ii .' irurisiilvr bsftvy ^^^| 


L yoMqV 


iittati/itf ^^^^^t 


1 hvdoe^^. bitfdUi^&j ijwi'ud^ijn 


height fiJ/ ^^^^H 





^ 4U ENGLISH-ARABIC VOOABUL \ ItT ^^^H 


^^H bdp i*d'id . l)« helfi^id U«d'id 


boTfle^luUi flAuf^ ^^^^^1 


^^^1 hen /(irkha 


bot AJr. A/ii'j' . aJihn ^^^^^H 


^^H here hina . aoe here I adS 


botol /u^Ai/o, 4^AtpnJ?ia ^^H 


^^H H-4e (t.Ih) AVia/c4 ; hid& oaea&U 


houBe iiSt (pV AtV^i 'Wi^X ^'^'^ ^^1 


^^H lAAav'a 


Iiouae /^i/ua ^^H 


^H hi^'dli 


how ttzry; bov nmt'h T Mw ^^H 


^^H him 'U 


bow^avor it tw rn^^p"^ Adn ^^^| 


^^H himself Jia/^u 


bubg^r ^^^^H 


^^H hoard /jtau(Fi«& 


hungry ;/a'dii, ^''dn ^^^^^| 


^^^H bold rfiiKi'k 


hurry {v. t JLa^l L) thchJut ^^^^| 


^^H holdiD)^ (ej.) mrWfd 


htiirvin^ (a>) kartf^: (patL) ^^| 


^^H bole khanit, ^u^, kharg 


»ti'«r>'i nfiuri' ^^H 


^^H holiday o^dza; 't^i 


hurt (v.) ffoTT. (i«iri) uv^^' ^^H 


^^H honour [i.) ihtrrdnif ^v.) altan^f. 


^^H fc^iirnu* 


hudbunii ^uz/<a ^^^^^^ 


^^H houk (,s ) ihiJi/tol 


bjeii* ^o^* (pi. ^uAu') ^^^^^1 


^^H boraa ifUfi^; torsBa titH 


^H 


^^^r arm 


incite fiana[. waa ^^^H 


^^H ^u/7 


incrdnfio (^.t) fONrKJ, kattar; ^^H 


^^H iilea j!iAT 


(v.L.) iftfi, iruf^'^ ^^H 


^^H idle ; Itars idU (on Oae'^ 


indicate dttlU '<tla ^^H 


^^H tftDdu) /tfjuuTiir, hv left ii)l<^ 


inform fifuthbar, jMiim, iMoffii ^^H 




iohnbit fikin ^^H 


iubftbibed moahlft ^^^| 


^^H if uyi, in Uin: oren if ftfM I'n, 


ijiherit toirts ^^^M 


^^H im/ou U ; if imt (61A 


injure {v) ^arr ; feol ooflwlf ^^H 


^^H igTtaruiit ^^H 


iDjurad indarr ^^^M 


^^^ ill 'ai^n ; gvi ill 'iyi 


ink l^hr ^^^H 


^^H [llnnui 'ai^ 


inkptit dawi\yti ^^^^^H 


^^H imi^u« t/^o^ftr 


^^^^^H 


^^H iiijmvtliiit^v fi'iion 


iTic|itira ufci/Ain^ UlidoU ^^^^^| 




lUtiLild 'J^iCU ^^^^^1 


ioaist riAAtfi ^^^| 


^^H imporlAnt i/i^/tini* (eomp. 


lUAtAid fiid^i iMtl ma^'itft^ ^^M 




ma ^^^M 


iuoLjt ikalAM . iaaull aqv ^^H 


^^H imprvM akkfi {-aii) 


luuiUier </^Miui ^^H 


^^B ttnfrima f^atiu^ bn inpriaaiMd 


InAUTtf A^nr, fftnntfa ^^^^^| 


^^H trJfoUm 


iuUi1h^-iu;r ^^^^^1 


^^H in Aj^>~ ^ >' :f^'^* "^ it^ 


iiiUti fvrv ti^cJLtAAtl ^^^^^| 



^^^F ENGLISH ARABIC VOCABULARY ^| 


1 interpret tart/ira irriff^be rakfa , be iiiigftW ^^| 


1 interpi'Hler tniyninitn 


itraitn ^^^^^H 


^^^ mviUt'iUiti/n; b*j invittd it^taarit 


ItttUau iaiifdni ^^^^^M 


Jaoktrt lakdia 




JiLiiriiirv j/rt'jyjrtV 


^'tkam; Ihpy judgi; ^('^ur;ui ^^^^H 


jar thrL/, i'tdi'i^, hatftffi 


jtig v?>K7 ^^^H 


job ehufjhi 


3n<,'gL«r ^f'hji ^^^^H 


journcv (fl.) nf*^ 


l/J^^'£ ^^^^^H 


JLi\irT]«yiug iiiagiljir 


June yunpa ^^^^^M 


JOJ fUrtJ*" 


^^H 


^^H 


K««p; k«op avay. olT 4^^/ 


kina ici^iir ^^^^H 


tboy^ k&^p »w*Lj ^rfeAil; 


kiiL^ iiia/ii- ^^H 


be kVpt MW4J, {.iff if^^LtA; 


kiufl (v.) ^rlH, 1w kimwl t/Wf ^^^^| 


lc&9p tuif'k fikhif 


kiicben mift'okfi ^^^^^M 


k$&piu)c; be i^i uft^ kvepiog 


kitten </M/lf ^^^^H 


rtfjufni 


kjtcid /rtnik; mftke kiieol AarnVr ^^H 




kuUe m^X-tn ^^H 


kntx^k (^.) kf'ab\a; {v.) fa/Viq, ^^M 


kivk rt^Uft ijtii'it/' tri riffln ; tboy 


kfiaU^t, khtiltfiai : Ibcy ^^| 


kkk«d ni/tifil , ha kicked 


kucii^kfll fL!uif''irii . bi- huuckod ^^| 


itfu/nf 


^^H 


kill mdvifi'i f 4«^<f/ ; tht^ kiUud 


know 'rV^; 1, you, krievr S>iff ; ^^M 


mawinVw , bo killeii irvjKUtd 


bhej konir j/iU^f<i r be ^^H 


kind (rt^) ^Vur 


kijiiwu if'nni/', in'ary^/ ^^H 


kiudJj f'l 1 iui/ 


kiLuwl^l^e U/m ^^^^^M 


kmdjioaft 4^""^^ if^tf 


^H 




JAbUfm /dnb« ^^H 


1 ]ti6y tfift : |i1a^ tJut giniid liidy 


krgi^ /iMr^ kiHr (camp. 'Mar) ^^M 
(pL hiUlt^) ^H 


1 iffitut 


^^m lHk« 6ir^ii 




^^P Imiiu p b« Umc 'cA^, *'4''«i/ 


^^^ lamp lamfjii, itimifa 


lata voJihri; bu laUr 'autcof/, ^^^^H 


1 tuiicu j^^-d 


ii'<iJf^/iar ^H 


1 Iruid ar^f 


tuu^b dUih ; nuke UukIi l/o^- ^^| 


1 langiiiLgti ttiffhtt, twjiMit 


M- ^^H 


]»u|;]iing (",) dil^ ^^^^^^ 





^H us ENGLISU-ABABIC VOCABULAaV ^^^| 


^^H lu'Evyer abubiiu 


lioaJt (fl.) ^^tuiii, qodd; (t-)^^! 


^^^P luxy katlfin, tanUlf itittbat (pi. 


^H 


lioo fr/^u/f ^^^1 


^^H tunahlft) \ bo Ifuj <art^i/f 


liari u6' (pi. -u/^J'} ^^1 


^^^H A'OAn'/ 


little (a.) «AuuviQffi ; fsoondiv ^^^| 


^^H learl (h ) ruf if 


little. Coo Littl« tMU^r. ^^M 


^^^P lead (v.) UfiJjict 


Ufftqlit ^^^M 


^^^B leaf iiia/-fZ'y<i (col. pi. 'm/Ycj); put ' live (v.VfJ<A; (bluLbib} «i^4, ^^^| 
^^^1 ou lenvefi (tret?) warratj ^ th&y liva yU'tunu ^^^| 


^^^1 l^^kfl^t* kJuir'iriin i living (s.) rrtt*Ukai g»t iMM'b | 


^^^1 loEUL ac f>iiU-^i» 'aiii Hviag ittturtatf ^^H 


^^^B leap (r,) naff 


load (a.) Aorrj/n, IM}: (v.) ^^H 


^^^1 luiTi] it'alliJFi; luuko Wi-ti by 


/uimmil, trafiftq, 'nAAa ; b* ^^^| 


^^^1 h^urt h^J'ii^ 


loaded f Luden itwu^i ^^H 


^^^M luarrted *i2/im 


IgoF W^Ar^(pL. i>-^A(/f»^ ^^H 


^^H teatlier ^7fi; piece uf IcMther 


liKk (h.) ^^^n, (r.) mMc ^H 


^^H ffil/iti 


lix:kHDiitl] ^i/»'//fjl, ^rtjo/jfi^ ^^H 


^^H Iwve (a.) oijdtA; by your leave 


Loudon Jjundurt, XuH^vt^ 1 


^^^V miq fadlith , (▼-) khaJta, 


Luwlr/t 1 


^^H f^j/ib , !» ^oUf left teyitfif 


IiiOfj furrS/ (4X)aip. afuufj ; loii^ ^^J 


^^M Mt , they ten ii/^i/j^ r (quit) 


a^'> sarri/in ^^^M 


^H /^^'z 


look lifter id/( "aw,- look ^^^ 


^^^1 ledger i/q/iCaF' 


^^H lii[ut>D ^if^fka (duI. pip fam^) 


ovsr i/ToTTU^ *a^ ^^^M 


^^^1 l4*nii «i/f\^ 


look out ! C'd ^^H 


^^H leij^-til fdf 


Inokinig for fiufdoMMor 'oUa ^^^^H 


^^H Lm8 ofoif ,- get leas rii«'/irf 


looooD rakham rakJtrakh ^^^^^| 


^^H letft lafynxn lurJ ru&t. tfbf ^^^^^| 


^^H 1^(perrnit) j;'/<a//rl, imp, /VuW/f; i trwe rrJ^ rrji'itnu ^^^^^| 


^^1 thoy let ^o «fyi£^. W l^t li>iid 'dJC ^^^^H 


^^H (Ikouiif) tta^^i' i be let fo i trtungo >>i^'uir, ijvj't'tiut^ ^^| 


^^^1 ittfifib 


llioy lovtf ^Jult^^ bo loved ^^H 


^^H Ult«r £pjiffliA 


^^H ItBir A(M£<Jd& 


ttfySlbt in/^b ^^H 


^^H libi-ftry hdulkhdoA 


bviiif; mJtM ^^H 


^^^m li« (dovn) n/Im, TOfftrtt 


tow ii»Jf( rff?fi ^^^^^t 




]nrt«r (h, ) /aV4i<d ^^^^| 


bck Ut:/if ^^^H 


^^H U^hl (O Tu>. (t-) fiJJ, briii^ 


bivky ; Gnil lunky ufnAnuk ^^H 


^^^B t<) lij^liL i^fiitT 


lii^g»*g« "a/jrA ^^B 


^^H li^ht (not hubvy] kimfif 


hlggugu vuri nuikhntM /r^ttadtH ^^J 


^^^1 lixhtoii ^myii (k/ J«n^) 


\KUwI yhlfi'' ^^H 


^^^1 likn (u.) A^, nitf/ 


lyinjc (d^wu) mlVtt. •^W^t ^^1 


^^H lilctrwHtf thuhoh lj^"tf tl^nnir lying HI nffW ^^H 



ENGLISH- ARABIC VOCABULARY 



417 



H 



Mftd magn^n; drive mml 
gannin; consider mftd m- 
ligann 

mftke ^amal 

Tnalice ; hear xhoX'kg it^mmil 

man rdgil (pi. Ti'jf/tila) 

raanliood kuhr 

mtinage (kiyiV 

many keilTt kUtr 

llai'ch niarif 

mark (v.) a^uiha/" 

market ftu] (pl^ istcdq) 

mainied niiiji/UHf/:iz 

mash (v.) tfo^ 

master m/r^A^flm. «*? ; (teacher) 
m^allim, ffhdga 

mat ha^ra (pi, Au^r) 

match ^oZrrE^a (col. pi. kaftrit) 

mat- maker fyusart 

matter ma^'ala, hkabftr 

inattresa martaba 

mattress -maker tuenaggid 

mattres-s-making iatn/hl 

measure (v.) qd» 

meat /trAnif hihma 

nkedicine daica 

meet q&bil, itqdbit iraiya; I 

met qdhitt ; chance to meet 

if^ddif ^caiya 
meeting tjainHya 
melt (t.) sSyahj eaiya^, '^attwifi- 
memory bdl 
mend sallah; they mend 

yisaliahu 
merchant tdgir (pL tugydr) 
merchamliFse hudd*fi 
messenger iii€}'a$la 
metre initr 
middle ^cuat 
mile mU 



milk (fi,) lahan; be milked 

ifthaloh 
milkman labbdn 
milJi^me miUtn 
miimret ma'fna {mddimi) 
mind (s.) but 
mine (pt,) hetdH (f. beta*tij pi. 

ministry rfEuvfn, Tiiudra 

minor q6sir 

minute diqtqa 

mix kkalaf 

molar (tooth) dim 

mouey fuliU 

month ahahr 

moon qantar, qamara 

more ziydda 

morning suh^ ; tbis morning 

if 5u6A 
morael laqma 
mosque gdmi* 
mosquito numAsa (col. pi. 

moth Htta 

mother umitt; my mother 

ummi 
mother-in-law fiamdt 
mound k6m 
mouse/ar (pl./r^-dn) 
moustache v/f^tnab 
mouth ff/ma/i 
mouthful Oi'/Tna 
mow ^EjtfAfi/i ; he mown in- 

/ioshsh 
Mr. efeiidi, klutu-dyit, rmiJtffU 
much A't/J^T Kiiir 
mud wrt^// 

mule iwyA/» baghla {pi. Mtjhdl) 
music r/fOhEzZA-'i 
Mussulman Muslim 
mutter bargiut 

2i> 





^^^^^H 


r= .--. 4 




^^H mi^Tffdr 


be iiDW %i*tiyi%fld ^^H 


^^H nuuie (fl.) itPi , b> oome 


newly yer/cW ^^H 


^^H ijtntfm ; inquin' nnme of 


n&ff> kfuUtar : ^\*t ncvwd ffum T 


^^H utfiMiiia 


M^aAAfiar win ^^J 


^^^H n&Oied ifnufrnt 


nowBpupcT QHmtU ^^H 
oioo ; uuiiaiUer nice utrx^a/ ^^H 


^^H unpolovu hiiftfA (pL bandit] 


^^H nntjve lKii(bil 


night tli^ Ula; ptM tb* uight ^1 


^^H ni^r- rni«fn^<vt^ ; find, consider, 


bdt ^^ 


^^H tiGJir it^tffrafi 


2file £a<^r, 6^r in nU ^^^t 


^^H uiri:f.!>^iat^ ^42^V» 


no ^^H 


^^H nopAh^ity tnzilvi 


nnrth /m^r, A^r^fi / ^o north ^^H 


^^H Uftck f'fr'^a//<i 


ha^ar ^^^M 


^^H aoej (ah) ^Tijfif^tt '&i^ ; DO Deed 


not /(Z, /r^u^A, nia > • > lA ^^^| 


^^H 


nutif^ I'^an [aVan) ^^^^^| 


^^H nt^ij^liljiiur fft^r 


liovfinbiT nt^tirabar ^^^^^H 


^^H ni.*Atiiif^ (F^*^] rwf'Mh^Mth 


now dilteaqf, dilw^/fi, 44£<M^^^^^H 


^^H net /ifKiUJifi 


Qumbiir (r,) naf/irmir ^J^^^f 


^^H u«v?<r ahiuhtn 


nurtrt [bijHpiul) ftsma^ "^^^l 


^^^L^^ new ^ii<J, i/uiUt (oomp- liniiaryi^u ^^^M 


^^^V -^^^1 


^^1 O, ob ^ 


oQu icdfyid ^^^^^^M 


^^B mill ; tftke fta antb ^Uf/ tM- 


ouly Arm^ ; (}nly Lhiht •fMafl|^^^^^^| 


^m h^i/ 


opi*u jf'>j/7[J^f yj/i'A ^^^^^^1 


^^H obtflUTL ftioffU 


opi^u (v.) /:M iuip. (rt'<v^;^^H 


^^H oocftflioD furta 


F-hey nf>oTi4^il /utaMu - b* ^^^| 


^^H Ootol'ez' UAJuf'/ir 


Op^'tjOfl (//din^ ^^1 


^H i>f I'ritl' {]»]. /W(/*) 


Q\tn]MU^ f'U\h ^^^B 


^^H oi inmnv nin'tikJti 


uphUiEilTFLin ; g*l ci|»lithft]nbt ^^^| 


^^H t)lf; rr'ftii atl mtn 'tUa 


t ntiofbi ^^^1 


^^H i>ff[-Uco r>if'A?A<iJ/{S 


DppOMi ^A^t/ ^^H 


^^H uJtii-'o iiudfiUi 


Ojtpoaitc vv'f^ ^^^^^1 


^^H tittSi'i^ fdWf (pi, »A'iff) 


or hutf a ^^^^^1 


^^H ciflru AWf/ n?ij 


^^^^^^H 


^^H olJ (ptirMa) Mv*. A^'Mr (coatfiL 


ingviUv^^H 




^1 -) nmar ^^H 


r>i ^^^1 


^^H «a«« OMura ; odm for nil w^ « 


■u ^^^^1 


^^V «aJ(lin, At' i nr<f i-nt 


arpt4i*u ^^^^^H 



ENGLISH-ARABIC VOCABULABY 



419 



other tdnS, basTiqa, gher 

our -noj beta'na t beid'ttna (pi, 

out barra 
outer barrdni 

oven (European) fum ; (Arab) 
kdniin 



over/5g, *aiti 
overcoat btdfUj sAku 
overlook (of a window) ^alt^ 
overtake U^iq 
owe idddyin 
owner ^&fyih 



Pain (fl.J ieaga\ (v.) kjo^jw* 
paint (b.) b&yOt (v.) rfflra& 

hAya 
pautiy xsbinea, iibinea 
paper vjorotja (col, pi. ttroroy, 

pi. mrdq, urdq, ourtS^) 
pardon (v.) Admih 
Paris ifar£; 
partner «%irf^ ; take as a part> 

ner (Mrift 
partnertLhip ^At}'^ ; be in pai't- 

nerEhip ishiarak 
pasha hdtha 
pass fdt; (hand) ndwil ; let 

pass fauteit ; she passed 

fatit ; they passed /d^um 
passing (s.) f6t; (part.) /ci^tf, 

fdyit 
pastry _^;t7- 
pastry-cook /af afrl 
pave ballaf 
pay (e.) w/ra (pi, ugar) ; (v.) 

mahtya; (v.) tfe/a* 
pease hiailla 
peacock fa'i2fi 
pear kummitrdya (col. pi. ^um- 

mitra) 
peel (v.) 5<«A«ftar 
peer (v.) ha^p 
pen ga/am 
pencil qalaiH rvs^ 
people nd« 

percciive ^as$, igti^oM hi 
perform qatta 



perfmnea Htfurdt 

period mudda 

perish hiiih 

permission ixn ; ask pennisaioD 

igta'zin 
permit azan {li) 
perplex f^iyar 
persevere iaiiniarr 
Persian ^agami (col. pi. ^agam) 
person Tia/ar 
personally zdtttn 
phenic fitttk 
piastre qirshf qersh^ (tariff) 

qirahe sdyh ; twenty-piastre 

piece Hshi'Uitya 
pict (up) lam.n; they pick up 

ydimmil 
pickles furahi 
picture sHra 
piece ^itta (pL ^at) 
pierce kharaq, (with many 

holes) kliarbaq ; be pierced 

initiqab 
pilgrim fyagg 
pilgrimage ; go on pilgrimage 

^g 
pincers kamrndsJia 
pipe masflra (pi. maiva^r) 
pity (s,) khisdra, kfiu^dra; 

cause to pity ^onum *ala 
place (s.) mafraJi 
placed nrnhfilf 
plait ; be plaited ingadal 
plane (tool) rabdh 



^^^^^^v 


P^^^^H 


^B 41!0 KKUUBU-^RABtC VOCABULARY ^^^ 


^^H play (v,) li'ih ; hn LnAr,nuneiiEi 


pretiiDfm; da vtili fii'<<Hai(iR ^^| 


^^H flufi; pljiy with id*ti 


ifi/an ; be cloDt* vrilh pm- ^^^| 


^^H pLen&Q ; be plit^i^ inbtl^f. 


uiaiou i/iAj'jr/n ^^^| 


^^H 


pri?piLrii iflihtti^ Aniftftir ^^^M 


^^H pleilU>i1 ^f^/1/"llf 


present (s.) h\'I\yn : (ft.) f'l^'^* ^^1 


^^H plum barqiiiifi (pL h*trji4^) 


mau^iU ; b» pr««oiit itwujiyi ^^H 


^^H pocket fj^h 


preaeriLt (v,) 'fodiHm ^^^| 


^^H purpt aiidU'r (pi. HAu'urit) 


preaeni'o irti!filil ^^^M 


^^H poliitfi f'Ulia ; pitlicd - Hfjitirku 


j^Vfoervini^ (s.) h^j/^ ^^^| 


^^H ^'HTt, ^rl/^'^ 


presto ; bo firofioml 'AS//. Pi'tdj/if ^^^M 


^^H polytLieist moHhrik 


piettiuij vhitta ^^^1 


^^H p<j]iimel ; ti« t\\^. bniUe Ui tb« 


prrtt^ kMioauii* (raunj-i. o^rro^ ^^^| 


^^H pommel of tbtr sAddl&^d/^d/ 


pnci^ f^mnn ^^^| 


^^H pund ^rj^ 


^^^1 


^^H ptjfiy f^r-ii (pL ff^v^fifr) 


prince frttrirm, Mrui ^^^^^H 


^^H f onr//^y«> ; lit'ni&m poor (^if/i^nr 


prUriu ^n^w, ^^^^^H 


^^H purter nh^'jnl 


]jri»>Txer ma/jhU, ruatffUm (p^^^^ 


^^^1 fimifTr.iiFr mftM**ii 


rrjrJ'r^7'») ; truikri pri««n«ir ^^^M 


^^^1 1 IT tL if If 1 il J 7tl'fJ^tt4/it 


itiiKv ^^H 


^^H pfirlinAni'^ijii] ^hanrit 


probnbly (jMJihan ^^^^H 


^^H potisiuae*! fri*^*i2/raf ,- behnre 


fiTOfiiration riiyrr/ita ^^^^^H 


^^H likd one poj^^Hied U^it/rttf 


propter: br propiT #^44 ^^^^^H 


^^H TWHHWftic^u ; ftoquira pofttoiEifiuEi 


prripirly ii tui* ^^^^^H 


^^H utantitk 


jirci^jiTty mdZ ^^^^^| 


^^^B pijSdiMi^ i^ii.) ■'lurtJdn ; bo 


pratrict fiomti^d^* *d«. itttUkfkf ^^^m 


^^1 poMJUv imkait i it u poAaibl^ 


^^ 


^^H yimkin 


pnjr.HoiiiL)! ^i/; ^^^1 


^^H iiohIh /Wf fr) 


piiblU^i til f,lu> itfipi-r r/TnuJ ^^^1 
pulF; b<» pufT4>i1 lip with pridt ^^H 


^^H poat-»i^c6 (^ij/t/^ifj/j) »i imitta 


^^H fioatjionii rifthiihnr 


J '//fn' mof ^^^1 


^^H [njt A^M 


puf:b M'AAZ ^^^1 


^^H }wtatu lfa^a\fa (o<i!. pL £iafifFiii) 


puLl (V,) thiuhi; ba iiulM ^H 


^^H poultnrer/f3rAri/b 




^^H ituimil (iti^^icv) ffiW^ 


^^H [icmml (v.) liiiqq 


purvp f.-'i' ^^H 


^^B ftmt f.-/tbf' : I will rxvitr aAu66 . 


pill A'j;^, im]X S <->j« ^^H 
put /i.iff'V ; IIh" ^^^I 


^^H . /) 


oil ^^H 


^^^B jHlWf>r ';' jrj 


tint (41 ^^H 


^^^B pi>V 


^' ^^1 


^^P pr<'. i'*?! itfiVf^ 


,■^t% ^^H 


^^^^m uimniii 


ffut Uiirtfliiii, ^^^ 


^^H prKVftT |vf/ii .- caII to ftw^T 


^^J 


^^B in^ifOM 


p^t^4miii« Aorov* ^^H 



ENGLISH-ABABIO TOCAUULABY 



121 



Quantity (number) ffumta, 

giiiiia 
quaraDtine ; put into quaraik- 

tiue katUn 'oJa 
quarrel itkltdniqt ieh^hdkil; 
quarrel with 'drik, khdniq; 
they quarrelled iikfiattq& 



quarreLBome ^hukaU 
quarter ruh* 
queen t/ialika 
question uu'dl 
quickJy qaiedm 

quick' tempered Bhukalif khu- 
Itlt 



R 



Itace (s.) ftitga; i-ace with 

adbiq, issdbiq 
rag khaiaqa 
rain (a.) {mafara)y nafara/ (v.) 

naiarit {tnafaTit) 
raise ra/a' ; be riiiaed iii^a*, 

iria/a* 
rare nddir 
rate; £jst-rate 'dt 
rather ! umnuit / 
nLw nay 
reach hassidj fdt, risij ittasat ; 

(overtake) likiq ; be, it, 

reaches yifla' ; she reaches 

iif^saal 
read qara ; I read jarfl 
reading qi/dt/a 
ready ^^i>, £/d/a'z ; get oneaelf 

ready i9ti*add 
ready-made gdhiz 
rear (v.) tf/ui66 
reason eabab 
rebel (v.) 'Vfi 
rebellious; bo rebellious *j'fi 

receive isialain, utaqbil 
recent ; be i^ecent Utigadd 
reception (levee) taahii^ 
recognise Hrif 
reconcile ftdih 
recover (v. n.) kha^ 
recreation /us^ 



red akinar (f - ^ntra, pi. ^umr) 

redne&Ji Ifarndr 

rogrtit ithasfor 

rolate ^aka 

relation (person) qarih 

religion dir/ifna 

rely i'tamad 

remoiu baqOf Jidil ; she remains 

remainder bdqt, bagiya 
remaining bSqi 

remove ili'ad {ab'ad); be re- 
moved itba'aily itnaqal 
renew; be renewed igyadiiid 
1 enounce tdb *an, irtaya^ ^an, 

renowned mashh^r 

repair sallak^ lunim; be re- 
paired if ram III 

repairs tasli^f ta^ltMi 

repent tdb (^an), nadam; caube 
to repeat taunib {'an) 

replace ixigga' 

reply (a,) rivid, (v.) radd 

reproacli (v.) ^dyir 

rescue khallas ; they rvHcue<) 
Ichallas^ 

resemble ulutbaJt 

resistance tHegauma 

respect (s.) ifUirunt 

responsible inah^m, tna^'iil ; 
hold responsible aimm 



IB^^^ 


^^^^1 


^H Mt2 K^GLISH ARABIC VOOA^UI-MCY ^^^H 


^^H rotira ^nrad 


roll (v,b,) <ta/fhi\ (v.El) *^ ^^| 


^^H return (s,)rByd',- (v.t,) rnf;7rj*; 


ihthlitr. it/tft/Tiitffi » hv rf>ll(^ ^^H 


^^^ (v J , ) n'ffi* ; we retutnn] 


iilfhdftirr ^^H 


^^B nj/Ona 


rorif f'r/A, «f/fr7^ ^^H 


^^H ric^ rtisz 


room Aiftt (i^Aj) pL o tiiit^ (wwEwi) ; ^^H 


^^H I'li^h f/AjMrt 


liis r<»om tx^lu; rnakt^- nxnn ^^1 


^^H rich&H iHtil 


ir<^j'»r', /fUiviA ^^J 


^^H riile nAVA; thoy rode n^M; 


rop<^ ^fiAZ ^^H 


^^H be riilikc tyrakab 


ruFSD fnir^fa (coL pi- itnrd) ^^H 


^^H f'liig ^hft buL) (^'Xmb ; (of 1D«t^il) 


raeo-n)it@r (wii/if t't) vimmrd ^^H 


n-iu^hlv : behiLve roiigtJy ^^H 


^^H rUHFA 


iffyfj'jfjr ; q>rvik ftKi^'lily to ^^| 


^^^ ripi? mu/iwf ; become ripe 


itt'h/ii *aki ^^B 


^^H igicwt 


row (s,) wjf; plFww in n m* | 


^^H ria<> qdm ; (rif liougH) rAAfd?"'!?'/ 


rrufn«, ft^ ^^H 


^^H (incref^^^o) tiisAi 


nibbU 'iu/iiiA ,- fi^trb rubb^ ^^| 


^^H riling fnhi* 


d(Mi*h ^^^ 


^^H rUk [t.] ^yt> 


ruin (v.) 'iiuz/vir ^^H 


^^1 E'ond a7;-^ (pi rt^^iA) 


ruDfrm; nuilco mn^jirnt; nu ^^B 


^^^1 rob itfiiftq ; bp rcbbwl iuBftf^ 


awftr K^dTVJ'f ^J 


^^H robbnr /^nlmf 


ru&nlug (fi,) £^ry ^^H 


^^^L^^ robiistnecf Bht/fi/tyit 


^B 


^H S»c*king khkh 


my qdi (imp, 7*!^) ; X my, viQ ^^| 


^^H «&fj : borom* mA ^tTtn 


MV <r//iu/ ; you ar« Aayin^ ^^H 


^^H BuUdlo sarg^ tfr^, (donlc^^) 


hit'jfli ; bf) cayt ^^u/; b« t» ^^H 


^^H ifiirr/a'ti 


nyiiig M/^/; tb«j «iv ^^1 


^^H Mkw; yuiir «»ki^ fBfirntib 


2AVJ?/u ; [. yuLi, tniil ^u/f/ ^^H 


^^H t&ilnry jimh^ya 


r-bat U 1« aiv ya^l ^^H 


^^H ^UvjL liff 


mviiL^' /jCl ^^^^H 


^^m jiitll {a.) niaflf, (x.) Tn42th, hA^Vuj 


At^rnb ^h'rrlfi ^^^^^^ 


^^H nulutcs aiiUim 'tiUi 


yunrviAy yii 'iiMi, ttCtak ^^^^^H 


^^B Mmo fc6^d : nil tbv ttm« £^a 


Murcitv ^^^^^^1 


^H 


twattvr ha/tJar ^^^^^^H 


^^H "Qud mmi 


Bcbolir t'UtnU ^^^^^^H 


^^H 8&Un w^jr^^rtn 


Mbttol fiuF^nrm ^^^^^^^H 


^^H Soilui'il^y {y^^i^t ntih^r) it tabi 


ACiflsfir* 7Ui:b7^p ^^^^^H 


^^H famcvpbci A-'i»an^na 


>ropv nuvicW ^^^^^H 


^^^1 MnTf^ffo L Ifrvuiuv uvjii^ itwai' 


Mtimb ; be »rur<:hvit ittrtHa ^^^M 


^H 


Aomtrli li^^^l 


^^H «iv mipv/fclr 


^^^^^H 


^^B ii»wEnf titter 


^^^^^H 





^^^V F.N0LI81I AEABir 70CALtUJ.AKT 423 ^^H 


1 eemx-h for liativ^itr Vjfa 


aLip merAiit ^^^^^| 


■ ftMQuii ft^jt, atfldn 


alun 'jiiTtitf ^^^^^1 


^^^^^spC'Ti'l MrtJ , ftiipti'iti 


3br>03 {fi^tif ^) f/funiji ^^^^^1 


^^^^^M ehd/, ra'a; y<*», saw 


slmeiuitkr^r tiu^^iut'jlt giaani^/t *^^H 


^^^^^^ Atift , Eifl At'^is. yenhilf: ihv^ 


^UiHjt' dtwafi {/ri t fir'Tvituiil^n) ; ^^H 


W tjen yefh\ff^ 


(j^ sb^ting) f>Mi ^^1 


^^^^^^Q4l<{ httf, ioJj'VH 


■ihop diMdn ^^^^^H 


^^^^Hmjii^ (part.) "hfi*'/, thiifi/, 


^^^^^1 


^^^^^^ R-viiig ihatrn otMjji ; (k.) *7i6/ 


lii'tf ^^^^^^M 


Y eaitiy ninftf ^ahixtf ^ Ahtt sriivd 




^^H mwA-1^ ^ tb^J' 4i>ieud v^i^frr?; 


^^H t« ftviiF^ ifnuuo^. in(TjOr'J<'«tA^ 


DVei it/iirntij *<Uti ^^^| 


^"^ wininp (fi,) ifiiWiAa 


KhHnlc (v.) ^arviAb ^^^^1 


**»IWt ffl'^rjiJ 


^brinlc ^/j^'j' ^^^^1 


Hclf nrt/* , himself rF^^/in*; by 


r^^iiit (v,) '/r^of, imp. ii/JU ; h^ ^^^^M 


hiiftJicLf itii^flii, a r/^fjdti 


i^hut iuja/td ^^^1 


Bi«1J /*fl' / Ih jqu, floM W'(, &rAi ; 


KtiMiicir f^/fmm'y'f, KrizjiW^' ^^^^^| 


tlioj- SOJd ftd'd; timy soil 


^liiitliii^ [I'liri.) '^'iji! ^^^^H 


jr^'*l 


sb}' ; Lr i^hy [/A(J/uij/, ^Aiei ^^^^^| 


swmlffA^^'; tfc*)' *^nt *Wr/fi**^ 


ftlili^hoHi'J htjT^h ^^^^^^1 


(40|"nniT.i'/am^ 


•^[ft ijImrhH : hi4 hirfHi] tfijhnrbit ^^^| 


yiojit*>in ^J^■r Jt-ihlim/inr 


aift.inp h'jhitrf'ilt U^jhuTbU ^^^^H 


aiTVftiit khii'f'iiim 


dga(v,) 'iff^im 'ii/ii ^^^^H 


si*rTo khii'/m/i , be •k^rvi^d 


t^ilenl ; W siluut xj^/i ^^^^^| 


iVAAi/fam 


^^^^^1 


rtorvioe kJti<hi\a 


aiui^ilt^ (porrOb) tjtiaahim ^^^^^| 


mollis; a^'LtW vriUi MsiJ 


tjhctaim ^^^^^^H 


Movere fh'fld. tikUlid. tfrfit ; coT- 


sinking ^^fUfia ^^^^^H 


aiiler ^^vere iHnt'jnl 


ainic { \ htUUVa; ^nk deep in ^^| 


ahixh \jnM (pL 'irfiA/m) 


blxiuno (s,) ff'trtirt 


9U iT/Viv^V^i ^^^^^1 


BliuPfityi* : iiaLiTe uf tbn jiru- 


HinUir (fjfc/i/ (ill. ikhit^M) ^^^^^| 


viiioa of 5A*(r'/<^iij Shitrqfitai 


Hit ^aW, imji. m/wl , y4>U tit ^^H 


dikTpvu (pimcU) iw^i 


/wf^actf- tbof £nl i/fi'ttd^i ^^H 


aU» hiya 


die> Bit yurjWci^ eit Ljp at ^^H 


*iht^r *OT= ; h** rttiom irt'jn^ 


lEi^l^t rihir. fi/tir ^^H 


*haqi ^Aiini^tpL Hjr/'hj) 


git-tjji^ (i^.) tpi'd'i; ^oIm; (p^rt,) ^^^| 


tthtti.*t mt'J^irra 


^^^H 


■tivikh .<^p7A ((4. iJtu^/vrj'iAAi 


ail ft//> ^^^^^1 


JBfljft-iJ/lA'^) 


(4.) riur^ ^^^^^1 


*h*J( fa/(i»L iVVj 


pbell (v,) ^ui^*A«r 


aky j(ai»Ji ^^^^^| 


*Jll*U(:[ (v.] kium ; leuk shdter 


^b[lt (v.L) udrih^ he EUoted ^^^^| 


^^L Utik'tinn 


iltifdrih ^^^^^^ 





^^^^ 434 ENGLISH ASABIU VOCAHULAKV ^^^H 


^^^1 •dauglitcr il-if^iA 


sow (v,) zu/u'; WIS Hnrad ^^| 


^^H tJjLii^lLtfriug diih^ 


^^H aUve 'abfi 


i^^'Tifi, laiti^na ^^^| 


^^H eUvtHl«*li'r ffoild^ 


e|iCLmjw ^i7.^^Jra ^^H 


^^H hidcp nt^tit; yoa iltt«|> knAm , 


aptuk itfcallii/t,, iklaitun ; Uv Ca ^^H 


^^H Kli4[ib 


xpeHk]n^ h^fjiHuUi^ ; lh«y ^^H 




ep^nk '/ikkfUit'od : ^>^k to ^^| 


A^jJUt'i ; W 6pwJu> WuU <9l ^^1 


^^H A\y (v.) tcztilflo'i 


^^H 


^^^M ulijipiu^ Laii/iijtf hantiijH 


Bp^iiU ttrrti/; 1 Apimt fi'i^tf' ^^H 


^H filvhly '<r/f] f mo/j/ {!i 5TC) 


hv fipeuilii yifn/,' bd «p«al ^^H 


^^H Huuil] fwjlmiyar vomp. o^sImi'; 


t'ftara/ ^^| 


^^^ CdUAJiJvr ata*ll, tou «iJ3EtU 


ispMlur ^/inAa^if/ ^^1 


^^H i^iu^hitr 


R|>i1l kffhh : hnhtitr ; l>« <|*iLt ^^| 


^^H «ni»tlr»ix ',ridt^ 


inA-<j&/j, iikalt ^^1 




□piril (ih«vi1) 'n/rff ^^H 


&|jibe - id i^jiiti' <if ^A^ijr^ 'af> ^^| 


^^H BtTiiHnjif «/f^rr^ 




^^B finioki-(a.)r/i£HA-/j^; (v^)(of a 


^^H chimney) diMiyhii'i 


e^ioil jfr^ififfKi/, 'auuur ^^H 


^^U nnioUici^ tcAurf' tii i^ujtA/:A^n 


eprnitL nui'lnijn ^^^^^^^ 


^^1 mak'} ti'Mn 


mhtrfuh ^^^^^^H 


^^U anntch khG^ijf 


tipriiikb biiHfi/f ^^^^^M 


^^H aiiepir? 'iVvV 


6py ; pluj thb F^jy ttla^iif ^^^^H 


^^H «u kislr ; ^(] and 6o ^M, koxa 


Iw "i]iivt>ijid 4l^^^^^| 


^^1 Awti 


I'id'ty-f ^^^^^^ 


^H aoAk MtfA, A<uA^»A 


stjiitEit i^trm/ ^^^^^1 


^^^ fiiiu|>{d,) 2f>Jjf2rj, {v,)^jMr(. b« 


(Hpilltrtfyvil LlAf^'^ (pi' A>^ ^^H 


^^B fiUApHd i^^lflt/it\ 


stihtrr n^(aht; tiko fclAtoln ^^H 


^^H cacic^y rh^rka ; (gutlinriag) 


tat fat/ ^^1 


^^H l^m*fy[i 


etuntl (pUg« of atHiidinjc) ^^| 


^^H nock Bhiir^ 


Tfu;iit^l^^ ^^H 


^^H Hjfit k<vff\h4 


sUiU'licg v-4^ ^^H 


^^H Mfl Hd'f'rn ,' i^tit «uft Ni*iin 


stJiit {ou jouiTi«j} JtSfir^ ^m; ^^| 


^^H »i«IJ]^r \»is!i\in (fi. NviU-£>) 


h1.^ ^^H 


^^H bOIUI:? bd'^ 


abiiLinx ftr-^ ' i/JyiV» ^^H 


^^H KiineboHv 4fi«i^ 


Alji-ti'-mt-nt 'j*ff ^^^M 


^^H Hcint^tiuioA , , . HoniflUiaoc »i*(i 


pt^iliou {raWnny, Jte^] w^fyaffm ^^H 


^H 


etAtuiv ■^ifia ^^^ 


^^H Kitni^UiinK ^rftya 




^^H wn 


*Ti' ■-fAu*' ^^^1 


^^1 HiiuitaLSMe tf/Sf^flal 


^^1 


^^H HALUd (y.) ^i10 


r<^ ^^M 


^^^^^^ Hour: (fo vjur 4^fJiU'f 


1 



ENGLISH-ARABIC VOCABULAEY 



425 



etill (ad.) kamdn ; ti$iut 

sting (s.) qarfo, (v. qara^) ; 

be stung {/u?^ 
atingiiig qarf 
atingy bikkil 
stocking 9hariih 

fltone htujar (pi. jftMjdmJ 

stop (v.t-) waqq^tf ; (v.i.) ra'yi/ 

(imp. 1*/^./') 
utoppiug (standing stiU) iodqif 
fltore-houao itmhh^a 
atoT^ (tale) Ar7.-Jya 
Btrni-tght dwjhrl 
atmigbtwny r^ujAH 
strand ; get i^trftnded i^ifnAfu 
street «AJn^ (pi. jt^iAfn^), 

^/A'Art (pL fliVidi) 
strength qCtica 
atretch (v.t) madd 
stretching (s.) Tnadad 
atrik? datah ; they strike 

yidraM ; ^he struck darabit ; 

we struck ditrui/Tta ; thej 

struck ^arafiu; thoy atrik© 

atri^ng £fa}'& 

atring dubdra,- piece of string 

fatla 
atrolk ; take a atroll <fara& 

atrong shidid, gdmid 



stuff (s.) fjum^^ 

Htuff ; be atuffod tn'^eAa 

stuffing hashtpa 

stumble fabbj "itir 

stumbling (s^) fabha 

Buccaed ; succeed to itbautrish 

aucb & one fuidn 

sugar sukkar 

sugar-basin sukkanya 

suit (s-) faqm 

Sultan Sidfdn 

summer ^Sf 

sun {sha7ns)y nama 

sunset maghrib 

Sunda]^ {y6mt TuxMr) U hadd 

surely ya tnaf^aan 

surface tcuthgft; rise to th<* 

surface qnhb 
smround Mwif 
suspend 'allaq ; be suapendtxl 

it^allaq 
suspending (s,) taHiq 
sustenance rizq 
swallow bala* ; bo swallowed 

in^aiaf 
sweep (v.) kanas 
sweet ^tc ; find sweet iel'ihJa 
swell (v.) mriiii 
swim ^dm 
sword »*/ 
S jria ish Skdm 
Syrian ehdmi 



Tahle tarabi^ay iarabiza ; (din- 
ing) sufra, sujra 

tablecloth mafrath 

tail dH 

tailor ktiaiydt 

take aktiad^ khad (imp, (Awf) ; 
she takes takhud ; I, yoti, 
took khadt, she took jtAnt/tff 
they took l^ad& ; take 



away ^tdl (imp- «A£/) ; 
take off qaia'- ; take out 
^o/ia*, kharrag ; take to 
(get accustomeii to) khaiide 
^ala; he taket; (conveys) 
yewaddi ; take oneself off 
in^an ; take a ticket tfala', 
lazkara ; (drinks, ^.) u/ti 
'fa 



^V 426 If^NGLlSH AUATtlC TOCAt^TTLAHY ^^^| 


^^^^^^ tfekaliim; tbf^y talkea 


three tal^^ faJaia, tal^9 ^^^H 


l.lirottlE! ffitnay ^^^^^^H 


^^^^^V 


thnrUlin^ i^on^ ^^^^^| 


^^^^^^ tnU firn-it fenmp. afitrjt) 


thn>w rfirrvt [iinji, ii-nf) ; hriff!!f^^^M 


^^H tfLixk liSit 


-.he threw J*dnu~f ; thi?y U&rvW^^H 


^^H tAX f <Ut7n 


mwtj; , be thrown nwnjr ^1 


^^H teit-pot jhriq fvtd' Uh nJulff 


iiramrt 1 


^^H t«n«h 'fi/rim 


t|ninil<'r (v ) r/rtdtt (wf rftHyd) 1 


^^H feiioh^r Tste^alliTa 


ThiirP'Jny (^dm, n^j^flj] ■'^^J 


^^H t«Ai' (v.) tlrnntt. tifiarvvtf . be 


kham ^^H 


^^H tnm wfnthirnuil 


ihuA itipfls ^^^t 


^^H v^legrnm rtJfftfp-^/, tih^f 


ti fleet tnsiffira ^1 


^^H tem{j«mmotit it^ff^ 


tie (v.) ffihttf ; fabe^tded ns&aftf^^H 


^^H t^mfle (jmciual) birba (pi. 


tied tmii'h&t ^^H 


^H AnnfM) 


tiger nr'mr ^^| 


^^H l^Dniti {H'h) it tnrtM 


tirsv 100^, «nmaTi ; mo/^tt/^^^ 


^^1 tepid; fit^l tepid jjHt 


mitdda; (f^martn) Otf>*n ; dt^^l 


^^H tvlTlkCr jTUf^A 


thiiF' lime ^ci^tftiha J 


^^H tbiin m/n, 'iin 


tirojil jC7jj'mi^!/ ^hI 


^^M thivnk : thjLtJc you AaHar 


tiny rt^//^jnnfi/i, fVyWrc^r ^^H 


^m t.-Jartlk 


tirf> kvatf, ta^itft ; g«t tucd /iflA^^H 


^^H UiHt {[V.) r/n, '/rVi (f. r//), iHh-ha 


tir-nl /'L'/xfr^ ^^H 


^^^^L (^ l:j4) ; (c.) iW, /Aflq ; tbiit 


to ^j, /«, 'o^a ; to EdO A, rt|u ;^^| 


^^^^^P th<^T irmuJtum 


to hivii ^uA ^^H 


^^^^ dm 


tobf^nv) 'htJihK/nin ^^^k 


^^H t^Mitru (it/dlru 


tcikinrdhiJi-Tj 'fakJi'ikhnt ^^^^^^| 


^^H Uioir AifAi,Ma'AiHn,Atfa(bfm 


t/^drty rn n<rA<lr «ja ^^^^H 


^^H ilicm Jtum 


togt^tlK-r A^ua ^^^^^1 


^^H tlicrt' ^r^n'f/. 


1i>UL01TUW ^iuAteI h ihtt ^^^^^^1 


^^H l1t(<rHFrin*'Efj'J<^n(Wa«J^fitt), ^^« 


hfter t^.'vtnfnTow ha'ti^ ^*4^^^^^1 


^^1 t1u>^< r/^ 


tni^fl Itf^iattiAiftn I^^^^^H 


^^H thf \ A(fnrr7i/i 


tori^UV ^^^^H 


^H tliirk 'r^ji'fi. ^'^^f/i {j^l. lM<tin) ; 


t"-nigltE rV /^a ^^H 


^^H grtjw thirk tif;tu'tt 


tijo ttanulo ^^H 


^^H thin nf/'Jti/'i< 


touTii M;jTLft 1 


^^B thing Mtjti, iM 


toi^iire (t.) "ocA . W loriur«d 1 


^^H fhiTjk fririfi^ i/f<ittir 


if*Qa^ir 1 


^H thit^l (<) filf 


't rpitJa ^^^^H 


^^H fhtrftty ^tfff^^ 


^^H 


^H ihiad^.-ithii iff) 


^^^^^^H 


^^H fb<Mi i/ry/. riuk-liittnm/i 


tokti ^i/d^r^iiL MiU) ^^^H 


^^^B IIm jui lltoft^h jIvV/ih 


tnvlr f/f^;Tl ^^^^^^H 


^H 


trjUTi ^/ffjlr, noAib ^^^^^| 


^^H thi^L^jiTi^ (<<.) w^t 


iTvnway /fummiy ^^^^^M 



BNGLISH-ABABIC VOCABULABY 



427 



tiranslatfi targim 

trap ma?t/ada 

travel (v.) sdjlr ; I, yoa^ b** 
veiled idjiTt ; she trftvelled 
Bafrit ; they travelled *q/H2 

tray san£ya 

treat (v,) *6,mil, (medically) 
*^ig ; be treated (medically) 

tree sagara [*hagara) 

tremble irta^ash, (from cold) 

rasrof 
trip (a.) aa/ariycif aifitriya 
trousers ban^Kd^, manfaiSn 
tnie foJ^ 



trunk mnddq 

trunk-meker sanadqi 

truth ^aqqf haqiqa, soMha 

try (v.t.) garrah ; try oq i/d*; 

be tried itgarrah 
Tuesday (^r^ nah6r) it taidt 
Turk Twh 
Turkey &t7^ ii Turk 
turn (t. t' and neut^) dawear; 

turn ouoself over iiffolab 
turrncg (up a street, Jec) 

twi^ Znua 
two itnin 
tying (a,) rt*Mf 



U 



Ugh ikUU 

umbrella eTiutrtd'^f $antdya 

uncle (paternal) 'ornm (p1- 

i'mf2m); (maternal) ^JUf 
unclean nigis; consider unoletm 

uncover kashaf 

under tctht 

understand JUiim; be under- 
stood itfaham; get to under- 
stand utadrak {'aJa) 



unfaflten/oAft 

unruly eha^ (pL shuqdy) 

until hadd, li hadd 

untying (B.)/aM 

up^ 

upholsterer njcrw-jirtif 

upper /(Sgdni 

upset goAifi ; be upset itgalab 

urge on uta'gil 

us -na 



Vaccinate f o'tiwi 
vaccination taf^im 
valley wddi (pL fcitfjKdn) 
veil (a.) burqu* (pi. iorrSgi') 
verify ia^'jfq; bo verified 

very qatci, hetir 

victoria (carnage) kanfCr 

view shd/ 



village b<U<id{^\. biJdif) 

violence ahiddok 

violent sTudidj ikidid 

virion shSf 

visit ; vidt on a f Ite day ^aiyid 

visitor ^1/ (pi. diijdj), meg^jir 
voice ^df 



W 



Wager (v.) rdAra 
waistcoat »id$fi 



wait ittarma, aabar; keep wait- 
ing fabbar 



42» 



KSOLISH-AHAlltC VOCAHULARY 



wtut«r t(ufmgit f^^froffi 

u'nitinj^ for mw/aflwi 

walk ■'itshi i iiijik« to wrilk, 
wiiik alxpot (t.,) mathaha ; 
wMk itWaf. (i,) Mr; thoy 
wtilk ^iiiivJiii . iHke u wilLL 

wrill ifff, /fi(a , luw woAl. 
FnimdiiLioii widl f/frf/Jr 

waul (fl.) Sfea; (t.) '^^ 'mm, 

'OK 

wanting 'aw, M/t; (deficieat) 

WJU' ^«r'* 

WftTIU (v.t.) thjfn 

Wa,i'\vA tuiiini 

WosU (v.) tfka*i\t : t wiuLihI 

watth«rwoMiihLL tfhoMJIa 

Wftkrli (b^) t'f^rj ; (v.) (ab Up hL 

night) *//ji>, fi'ftiV 

wjti'i^Jttinri" jKtjfld 

pi. *h4iirimtim) 
WB>Ujr idanadii 

■Bf^fcT /|W*,- lie wprn out with 

wu.i ., •Jt,fi/a 



uWifl' {/ arta*) 

wpep Wij/. *oitftif 

Wpigfi uvlKin/ b« vr«igbrJ 

well (a-) Wf 

wall f'tiyiff : ^^ WLilT Aft/^ 

what ff, ^^*i (i^n'i. ir^^i, tiiii 

•^hvti fatifitti^ . wh«ii1j aniat 

wliei^QVvi ^u/^e ma 

wL^^m/irfft 

whii^ii i7^i, /iru', (Wthw (5 136} 

whirrhr>ver» fr/j^ iyifui 

whijuijur (v.) uTiu/to^A 

whit'." at'j^ (f. Wa, pi- Ai^; 

wLitt^ c»U>ur huyttd 
vh't lilt ; whciV titUlf 

vhdiii i-uU ; tiii ; fO^H 
why Uk 
wiokoiLiiefts jrAojT 

wijidu vituhd' 

wife ;;6iu, hi« irif* f/wdlf. 

win il-ujn*^> 

wind Aaira 

window Aif'tfiK 

wiNilLjW'btiDd n/iim 

wiuv* aoMt 

vfink ; wfnk tO <ntf mt^AbuT 

V, ..Jl 

WlP'U \»-J ■i'4'l 

iridi rnif't iL-rjtpiU* Ai , witk ms 
wiUuii ^uim 



ENGLISH-ARABIC VOCABULARY 



439 



without TTtin gMr 

sh^iM), {y.) sfahid ; call aa 
witness istaxlihid 
woman maro^ hwrma (politer 
than viaia) ; women nisicdn. 

wonder tgtaghrab 

wood kJiashaff ; piece of wood 

khasfiaba 
wool f4/ 

wool-gAthering tairakdn 
word 76/, kiddm 
work (s.) shughl, (v.) ishtaghaJ ; 

tliey work yi»htit]hilu 
workman /(iV/ 

workshop 7rar«Aa (pL winitfA) 
world dinya^ dunya^ ^dlam 



worship *ahad , be worshipped 

would ; would that I ya ret 
wound (v.) garah, yatrah ; be 

wounded ingara^ 
wrangle uh»hdhin 
wrap laff 
wrapping i'AAA ; put wrapping 

on khaiyish, khiyish 
wrestler baMav^dn 
wretched masking ghafh/jn (pi. 

gkaldha) 
write Jfoiab ; J, jou^ \vroti> 

kaiahi ; be written inl:aiah 
writing f:itdba 
writing-book dafiar 
writing-room mfiktah 
writing-table hashi'tkhta 
wrong hardoi, (v.) z'tlam 



Yawn ittdnribf itfaub 
jea:rsana (pi. sinin) ; last year 

'amruiuitnt 
yellow asfar; become yellow 

ipfarr 
yea iwa, aiwa 
yesterday inbdri^ imbd/i^ ; 



the day before yef^terday 

auwtl imffdnk 
yet iieea 

you -fc, oA^ Ac. (§ 131) 
yonng $ughaiyar ; young man 

shabb 
your {1 121) i bdA'ak, beld'ik 



TOCABULARY 

TO THE WOBDS CONTAINBD IN THE EXERCISES 
ON THE SYOT?AZi 



Atl&s satin 

agal term, span of lifii 

ag-har half blind, parblind 

aggar, let on hire 

agrab mangy 

bgTATiQ itiasmuch aSj seeing that; 

just at the jnoment that 
agrlld having no hair on the 

face 
'ibl (ahilt) people 
iiblaa u BabliiQ velcotTte 
jidab good Tnannerv ; bijt il &dab 

closet 
Ad&lijA a tmcn in Asia Minor 
ju-nab hare, rabbit 
jLZLiiii = keinu 



aaad Zi'iTft 

asAr tracct j-filics 

atji origin 

a' wag crooked 

&kMz to blarne 

akhdar /p'een 

akhragf ikbrag bring o%U 

am&jiQ. securitg ; amant All&h 

= billib 
amtr (umara) of a good fajjtUt/ 
amr conanand 
amlas $7nootJi, polished 
finis entertain 
awan time, season 
fiya verie of the Koran 
IljIs to risk 
ay na'am certaiulg, yet 



Ibra needle 

it'akbkhar he late, behind; stand 

hack ( = it*akhir) 
ittAkka lean on, press 



ittakal ^tbla tmat in 
itgabbar jj?ay the i^/rani 
ithaiya' get ready ; appear 
iti^ddit conoersfi 



^ The vocabulary also coiitii-iQA many of tbi- woi-ds wbk:h 
occur in % DH3. Words already givoii in the vocabularies to the 
exercises on the Ac^^idence are excluded^ aa also many rendered 
familiar by the ejtamplea 



tsi 



4Z-2 



THE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EGYPT 



itdfistar ask p^rmisaian, iay 

*'dastflr" (di?tar) 
it^araf 6fl spent ; df^ari 
it'ttphsha dine 
itfadii he ended 
itq^bil meet 
itqaddim be advanced 
itkabbib be made round an a 

bally in balls 
jtlaff he trapped tq> 
itmaahsha take a icalk 
itnataq he pronmmced 
'\ii\a.t\w.i jump y ef-ip 
ittiaqal remove ojte'$ self, he 

removed 
itw/ulfla per/<frm one*e (^utuyru 
ittifcllub aak/itr 
i}i(ar hv h*-icild^fd, con/used 
\\\i]:i\T:i rrann "tie^f nelf 
iililjiJTiir bp plfiUn'l 
iilr;lf kiiul of pumjikin 
irtji'iib ta/ce /iit/ht 
irtit'nsh tr^-ml'l'! 

izz;ti)ar iid on Die i::iir 
€ izmiiit cmejii 
izn pT'iuii^tion 
ista'f^iz Oik prrmistiiHi 
\bt;i'^[Anr Ofi' jKinloa 
istjiglilit ''^mii'der rjcp'^nfi'-': 
istjiiil 'h^rve 

istihfus "iili look aftery S'^e to 
istahla jfnjf siceetj plpdsant 
i'-tiirrja roti^ent 
i-sta'^in a^k jyermis^tion 
istii'j'iz ,r/,V tofi/r r'firge ( = ^az) 
istiL'nif bi iirak'- if'/iuiintance of 
intitfrzul fK' h'J'f al'f/te 
iatJHj|ivib coii^u!'^'' near 



istama' listen io 

istawa be ripe, cooked 

istigab hear {a prayer) 

istiraiyftt to rest, repots 

istiq^ take up oni^$ ahod^ 

Lssaqqa he soaked 

iesAwa agree together 

iakatidaranl Alerandnan ^ 

iswallt of Assouan 

iawira bracelet j icristband 

iffLbali bi meet in the morning 

ift?affa be etraiTied 

iahtagbal u>ork 

isbshauwim consider of iU omeit 

ishshakkifc C'/mplain of 

iSti^h. foryery^ inteiUion 

iktasftb gfiiftf earn 

ikbt-Hr, ikbtar ^ArwM 

iklititsha h: nh'/ 

iitaf]^ findy nirct 

iltjibis he clothed ; hepottesaed of 

{a ^firit) 
intafa tre f!^i}iguii*hed 
intAqal = itiTiaqal 
iiitanVidb fall prone. On on^s 

face 
ingada* ( = lil^r. ioiJaga*) lie on 

"ne'a side 
inhu-mr be d'.'frrte'l, haunt 'd 
iiih;u(H(l be envied, have the evil 

cyp rast on one 
indiif hi: added 
in?jtlam he irrumje-ly tyrannized 

over 
in^araf go airatj 
iiishril be ferried, putf atcay 
iiifadd Iff jijnehnl 
iHwabiir h.' frightened 
tvalc perrJianee 



Uftfll rrgulafionsy rvftonf, ruk \ umoial <f course, then 



^POH^^H 


■ 


^^^1 VOCABUIARV 


J 


B^uwlba giiU 




^H 


bnt, hhylt jmM tha mghi 


bHlif^b i/»a/E4r0 


^^^^1 


hk\ tmnpit 


fttfbll ^(» Wftt 


^^^^^H 


bit ill injwr^ ht'tJen 


bfLm^a. Mw furtiletU hitUsUB^ 


^^^^H 


haUJkh trmlf^r-^tn^I'iui 


bfln appear 


^^^^^H 


bo^y. th>j;fM4 rbi|Eh4]) ifiuJa 


hintfth^r, ^/^.^fxif */{«« 


^^^^1 


bftm^-l eftiif/r 


thitnnftra a crytiai tvu* or 


^^^^^1 


hfthr; il b. il ftb^ftd r/u Whitt 


?»i/f^ 


^^^^H 


Nils 


bet hfmJti ,- $hfalh 


^^^^K 


iMid&u fxh/y 


b^litigin ^jg-f'fii'it, aul/a^jinr 


— ^^^^M 


^^B bAK Mf /raff 


Uyk'fMsr 


^^^^^H 


HfjfKlt ^b/r 


^^^^H 


birAm (ibHmft) «ar£A4vi pof 


^^^^1 


bbi-ftm jto rvutid^ %'luri 


biriti* M-Cj //iar«A, 7*tf 


^^^^^1 


barClda, bju-ftdA f^un 


bLt£ ^'fEfUf 


^^^^^1 


bartflshft o^ri niipivr. 4liijs 


bi*;hi' u^lj/ 


^^^^1 


h^n- fih/'re, ffvik^ ffmvtrjf 


Likr WrytM ; binte hWar a 


^^^^^1 


\>iin\ U-jtUninff ll^--- ." ij^if^ 


ffxrl 


^^^H 


bjt^ttl (bikfliit) io pi^ttJs^, rprwul 


buiiAq JvirtGt 


^^^^H 


bjvatt rirapi^ 


burg frjri'^T 


^^^^H 


h*^\ imiom 


burqu' tw?^/ 


^^^^H 


bfu^hflbAr j^u>r ffood ftitv$ 


buTQu^^ white aiioiten hcod^ 


^^H 


»u' *^ff 


oloak 


^^H 


b&'ai lend 


bin munis, mo^ 


^^^H 


bk'Ir air?j?t£ 


biii^q mouth 


^^^^^H 


Ukht ff^A 


buMii "ircJ 


^^^^H 


batlikb Htj'drt., rjiU oni 


bulG^'ii tnnfuri'tp 


^^M 


Viftkhkhi.r a}mnHe mt/t iftcewf 


bdridiiqt (lUbab) £j carat [of 


^^^^H 


balAtn 'l'<i£ 


^ r^rt^JOA ATr^uif)) 


^M 




P 


^H 


tdh fAJ (ii^traif 


Uqnb^ ap/Toxinuttive 


^^^^^H 


tniuai (a(W*«T 


taklimlTi f7ff<74n'n^t vi<u 


^^^^^H 


tdili^ j:^r^]^rJl, i;iva tu a gift 


Ull futl^ hfap 


^^^^1 


tJidwlra Hreie^ a-rcum/tr^nr^ 


tjkTOUk^tiae, value 


^^^^^H 


tnfqtyK fe-nM 


UmmJm to c&mpiaU 


^^^^H 


tAflwim pidvT^ 


t&Dbil «tf iVi/y 


^^^^H 


tJL»liHf» vprvpfvm, fftijat bdnuLHA jxn'Ai ; U}ai 


^M 


^^^ ' Sue Ijantt'tt " Mnlrni KgyptiAna," ch- r. 


^^^H. 


J 





^^^^ Am TTIE SrOKRN AIL^BIO OF EQVFT ^^^| 


^^M ll'ih gaUrett 


tuql u^'ffhf ^^^^1 


^H mHaen 


tuQUlA the ri'jJdk fitrl ^^^^^H 


^^H ttlft twittfd TOpt- 


^^^^H 


^^^L^ tui-ba (tunib), ti^t-bh^UMf 


^H 


^^H TiLiy&J' current 




^^H taiyOni ^ito 


tOJ ff> r«a£^t ^^H 


^^B ^uw&f rp<lf.chtmiii,jxttfvi 


(tilati to demand ^^^^^^ 


^^H ^uviJ (UUu) fv jfotierd 


f [vl&q dtL-orce ^^^^^H 


^^H t^btb phff^urwn 


punar' 'jreed ^^^^^H 


^^H labb /w^if (f^ iJu jntliiv m^ 


[imi* f/yv^otu ^^^^^H 


^H 


\kvi' obey ^^^^^1 


^^H ^abl>il i*i'^t a drum 


(3r ^>^ ^^^^1 


^^H (abli^n liyar^t. tMe 


tbbt ^Offti ^^^^H 


^^^M (A^ limd dinL'H 


(Af ; butjlTe (A| cfcttfif^y ^^^| 


^^H t^ tWCTfl^ 


jin iVi/^r t)t>r7 ; JOfui ^^^^H 


^^U \Aro\flia a 9Qk- ^irdit or «(uft 


taf/'ofi^ ^^^H 


^^H t&i^ :>ff rjpp 


(ub^b; 'tt( tubLlb >wtf o^^H 


^^M farehu t^^cif/ny 


KUn/^r^, d /Jn7p» ^^1 


^^H fuiiju wcnner 


tutl^'1 'JU}lf\-^ ^^^^k 


^^H faelitoAb to J'\i£ 


tuhfir CL>' b/nfwion ^^H 


^^H tft'iu ^a mur 


To^v norit^ c/ a vdln'jt {tJkr uM^^H 


^^H t&fnah run ainir; 


o/a '•Oll^-^tt pFiMOti^ ^^^^k 


^^1 t^fift ^tuipiuh {firt) 


turjn pUieaxa T 


^^H tfqa tfl'/fritru;', /j'^tf 


f iU ; ful m& od ir»i;j fu ; *ftlA^^J 


^^H (aqlyn cup 


(fU K^rui;;^' aurdj/ ^^^| 


^^V ti^(Hfi EToofrir, oiiuw fn cracXi* 


tmDU< c£x«f ^^H 


^^M i^qq ^j«rvf ; Jiff 


tuwild ftof^t tn«"''9ii ^^H 




gscutt' coUtd, odd ^^^^^1 


^^^ l^ivXit* (^hl'Jlu) imae /nr ^'trHM^ 


gkuuii'ii pari^t jvtfji/i ^^^^^^H 


^^H /filiiw, ijaiilnrti 


gnriit) ff*'iVit\ftU ^^^^^^k 


^^B gnrr I'tdi^ droM 


gfin fliJin, j/flflU ^^^^^H 


^^H ^ETAb /^f/, try 


gnw^R nviT-rLcTT* ^ ^^H 


^^H gUTH* li^DT'N n/* dU'JiOf^ 


gA^ie itUowtd^jtmimbi^ ^^H 


^^H guJiAr (£i) &uf^A/r 


gteh army ^^^^M 


^^H gi^txf farf^ 


gibs yypn^'j ^^^H 


^^H 1^' b9 hwti/ry 


gilu liirri'^ii/n ^^^^^H 


^^K gtiftBnt 


^ilU!^ 'rrWi piad, iwM ^^^^^H 


^^^^^ f>lli« ctiu«< M nl 


tliA ^^^^^1 



^^^^^^^^^ voCABm.ftPY 4aa 


s 


^^^ girifl paJm ftfan^h^ 


gins, ttind, vari^f ^ y 


Vr^l 


1 Gt£fL (ig) name 4/ u nUa^e ^fA« 


gflham/'nMf 


^^1 


I sUe 0/ a ajm-iei primmj 


gubi" hola 


^^^^H 


1 gistm &MZA:y 


gurra track, foul prifili^ ^por 


^^^^H 


1 gild A^in, AiVftf, J0E»fW 


giirn j;Jdrtar ; *«n» 


^^1 


^K 


^H 


W ObAivikr /o didnTf 


gh&ftr Toafc^jJiafl 


^^^1 


1 p^hib £f a&ran^ 


ghikla &i7j7 


^^^^H 


1 gha-tln 'alii mivr 


gbalikb Mfit/tttfr 


^^^^H 


1 tli(4pui yi>*y 


gbAnl rjfA 


^^^^H 


1 ^bft'ldu •jivfi IftHch to 


gbfija r^ncf , li ghAyA up fo 


^^^^^1 


^^^ ghuir jmjkty 


gh^^jidd 


^^^^H 


^^H gbulna fuacJt 


ghirim beji<fii, patf a/tn« 


^^H 


^^■^ ^horlb aJranj^p ,' a utrangsr 


ghilib, ghulub be conqtifrai, he 


^^H 


m ^hftiram ^^^M 


to«arv:d 


^^1 


1 gL^rqjln drowrKii 


ghipfr icealth 


^^H 


1 — ghazAI ^Otitlif* 


glLubaj-fvn(=D^r) f/tttf, «U0^ 


^^1 


1 gfa&£]l 0^ apun nik 


gburub rrrja 


^^^^^H 


1 gh^!l f^ifdAini/ 


gburbd, pfrnfJS fartd 


^^^^H 


1 ghXkitilf ^hitl to tloae i ghurb&l fary^sM-M 


^H 


W Hauwia mafte eaajf baiE ikakf 


^1 


1 h£b /^or 


hflf hs noiKy, ejjcitmi 


^^^^1 


I buliaab run affat/wt,Jiif ai 


holEL? talk idly 


^^^^H 


L baboq rf« 


l>4l4 >fi^ &i/^ 


^^^^^1 


^^K lubbb jfy at 


bamm to inier^f, cftru^vrM 


^^^^H 


^^V tifig /if excited 


hacDA maJcP haj/py 


^^^^H 


W b&(iBir^/ 


hilib, balikk p^rifT^ 


^^^^^H 


1 liorati, birib ntn away 


Kind (il) /wiia 


^^^^H 


1 bftnua (hepyrajtud. p^fiuitidii 


b£tL lAOTiir 


^^H 


B 


^H 


r Hai/a i^iw h'l^ life 


tjoddJbdt i/f a blacksiuitk 


^^^1 


1 IjHowid ^ni ft armtr 


baddtt ircmKrfff 


^^^^^1 


1 l^jtuwij^b ftUleeit hoard 


^^uJdQtjk ta/c, atorij 


^^1 


^^H l^biMh «l^i/^ifiianif 


b/Lm (Uwiri) Ml fif -ft^W^ 


^^^^H 


^^1 t^bluk rjrtiiji, imU'. hU 


^liflrfer 


^^^^H 


^^H t^|ab fust 


l)uiit f jitouijK 


^^^^H 


^^H (jodaf f Arotf 


l^Anf to ^uarii 


1 



V^^E^ 


^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B 


^ 1 

4.1^ TUE SrOKHK ABABTC OF EGY1T ^^| 


l^&ntm (LI) («Trtrff/ fhrint* f>J) 


bain jL(l j*raim ^^^^^U 


MetMi 


itt^it f^ Mi^mr ^^^^M 


bJLT&m wrt^ff^, «m 


^hoiEfvl httr, cony ^^^^| 


}iarir nVft 


bikml canyiriff ^^^^^M 


Ijarh toor, haJif^ 


hnjnaililfi (of eIt) «fd»f ^^^^^^| 


]^MT^i-piii, it^f hold up 


taQtflr ^^rf<n^4^ (^virna^) ^^^^H 


k&rf AJ^« 


h&Qiiiii i:aT«K to j?Uy ^^^^M 


Im^Eaoi &iwf rt a bumlit 


i^iya. ; bi I hiyi% o/trw ^^^^| 


]fajsih 'nla /ry»^ d/f«r 


M\ valt ^H^H 


tioiad to enr^ 


ih^v ; min tjfJsn IcAjq A9v»e«r7^^| 


baflfl io/i^l 


mrT^ be ^^H 


]^iah prevent 


bf] ; 4|ii'ad 'ain lnUu «if 17 ^| 


)al^ la^, prvUei 


bigfib r/irtjTfl, «miJ(*( ^^^^H 


kin fta/?if'cw; 


kigAz Hijas,- ptl^na^ ^^^^H 


HRr W 


kin^ff^f^Am ^^^^H 


t^w)q r^J^, u'/fof in dMe ; fi hai^ql 


(lifis nittnrf. wte ^^^^H 


aboni, fxijainpf. fjm 


^iBdb eiticuJation ^^^^H 


hakim r/oWcH' 


^isba qce^ufsf fl^^l 


tkll jf^fa. f^kcJVfiini; 'nln kuU« 


^Ib 'rie^, raKTurod; m*!>i1t4iE^^^^ 


tAl an^Aou*, AflPdvivr tf iw>|f 


^fLgb hit hoM no viAvu, no- 1 


A« 


thing ^^M 


|)1U «fafrr pofiii^m 


l^vr ffMtf ^^H 


IjAl&b fa rniV/j: 


biwJVii aninuU ^^^^^m 


Jji*Uq (IjnlqiLn) n'fli/Ji 


}iuiln '^nhroft ^^^^H 


If Atii! fui^uf 


^usOm (hiuHnit] Aof tm^m^^^^ 


bftliiwn tfWerfd; j»flHrAeirt 


day» J 


b^fa a f/rwW|r rwl-Mv wiai 


bmr (ihntr)/re9 ^1 


J^KuUi difmd 


hormii jTOTTuut ^^^^H 


I 




dauvib fouae tc m^, 4^ 


dftqn ^Jlrn; ta0vf ^^^^H 


<Ub nui/f ; ^ tfc>rn ofti 


dokhiU 'W^r ^^^^H 


^bob to «faii£fJUar 


dAkbU irtfiiU ^^^^M 


dftbtmr emhiM. orrnn^ 


diikbkh>a temii m»ob§ ^^^^^M 


ddu* (d) f um 


dafftn imiy ^^^^^M 


diLraf^a d^, tfrt^rtw ; m-ymmi 


d&Mfl ^»tjy ^^^HH 


<iiri;; rtirrrn/, i-itU(f<luii^ 


d(wi4 i/j-ift-i ; piajf (« 0>v«pm£ ti^ 


Amt% inim/tffl, jvnfCrr 


dim (^Mom) iorf, ^^i^— i ,- 


dl« ItWAi, run ('»b owr) 


djuihKH j/n/bi 


[7idlt&) «H« U i«i#, ^vk ^^ 


dli'A li 6/fl(W 


/mfihi/tf ^^H 


da'wB affair, laawamJ 


damtn h£oai ^^| 



^^^^^^^^^ VCX;4BULAKY ^^^^^^^^^B 


djivriljA in^t^fanJ 


dimir a jo^^M {aueh as u ui>m ^^| 


ijfiya iniUvifc 


ft'/ nt/roffu And f^onanew) ^^^^| 


illb woif * ^^,'Ip 


dim's (JuttjC') a tMt ^^^^H 


diblfl a j'lam /in^'rintf 


dimma ^tyrveitmcc ^^^^^M 


diri kru/w 


d^r ftonf vf (1 fu/uae ^^^^^M 


diqtq /^Lfur 


doiu maize ^^^^^M 


dimAgh A^oii, i/raim 


dcirbfffih i/ry tr/<h^ ^^^^| 


^ 


dAa ^, in/ejivr ^^^^^M 


■ 


^^H 


Pfti}nf fln/flrtairt 


dira C<ir/-uiAMf ^^^^^1 


dftb* /iT^f/ia, fujn 


liiftni pfaif, fT-fM ^^^^1 


d&'tr uiftbfc 


dlqit il kbulq tvtpfftuohti/ ^^^^M 


dhi itddj ffjitfrtitin 


diraa on^nyjr^ ^^^^^| 


diLlioa darkn^ia 


dnUr iw<m ^^^^^| 




dufr nfijV (n/ ittejin^ or tof) ^^| 


ilftium ojlted^ ffoiher 


dultoa tvjulabUa atvfod vith ^H 


dawn tfjjind 


fiv<j30i-mcftf ^^H 


mgoMt 


^^1 




^^H 


Ra'W Ma«^>W 


mmiad ^^^M 


nkiiwii^ 170 ai^lf 


ratririi yroimU fiyr ^^^^^k 


mbfL^ t1 qol ri'/rf' 


raava d rav, ddm^^tU ^^^H 


Fttbb ^-jTci, TuanEtrr 


rif AoOfi, h^Oii'jiiroi ^^^^^M 


fhliW tfituia/fj, fnn^ up 


ru«hva ^ni'^, rdjf'ftrii ^^^^^| 


mtl pvii^ {tD^]J) 


ra^iiJ fo thtiridur ^^^^^M 


tn^^ (fur r&qab) t^^nirwi 


r&'d /^furM^rr ^^^^^1 


ir Ru^'iui f'i* Stfjtii^i (-i'a£*w) 


r^hphti UfoA^ pert/^en ^^^^^M 


rSLf^gub (Upper li^gyptuta) = 


rEujuba nec-M ^^H 


mqnb 


rA(| k* Writr/ (kS h^t^r (in ^^^^| 


n4;bA cAoitor (lit, /oorr* of f/te 


;»«a^/^} ^^^1 


mculh) 


YiAi^t:^ ^jfoic tltin ^^^^^H 


ri]>u lUfJ ; b4t ir rJLba i-Jcucf 


Fiiqijn* to ^^^^^M 


Tb^hjbb tpi4k far 


rftqwh jip?f/, rharm ^^^^^M 


riiLaiiL Atif-e i^vnif.niui(rii on 


rrik*» fi^ftihntj *.•/ fhv Inrt in ^^H 


mbAyh tiAn*f-iriiil 


■/rrtly^r, frreiittraJivn ^^^^^H 


rftlilm me>Trt/(*J 


rakkibjfj-^ fr</ 11^ ^^^^^1 


^ robirt* m^rry 


rokhA rr/<w, f'tfail ^^^^H 


^^B ta1>miiD rtaHjittaiivnat* 


ra'y f;>^'m(j/j , "ida i-a'y <i£r«/i/- ^^H 


^^■^ TvliLni rj>rstf^ i£jj tfjfli flttrlA, ^^.. 


'0 ^^^^^1 


1 nidrl nr^^y 


Kgtiif ioiij ^^^^H 


1 ndda tiran 


t}iir%i ^^^^H 





^m 4Sa THE srOKKN ARARTC OF EGYPT ^^^| 


^^H ridi te <v>9umf tikAb ifirrup ^^^^^| 


^^H risi cpftfi to ft d«oim^m 


Hyil '^o'rorr HJ ptaxtr^ «. ^^^H 


^^H rinniA] cftpiitU 


rutfln liTttfOtforciifn bmgm* ^^H 


^^H rlr^ha feather 


rokftlA a mfrttnt ^^^^^^^ 


^^H rif fVJUr^i/T mJtcffe 


rukbim marhh ^^^^^M 


^^H rtq do/tr^a; gbiujAr ri<\^ *m1» 


riUml (**r[?dr '^ ^^^^H 


^^^L^^ braiJc/ait on 


rummlii pomegranutts ^^^^M 


^^H Zjiuwid fpicrviXfff zammir <me uihc plays txi^^^^H 


^^H Ubblin fugifffn^r 


n^ ^^H 


^^^ X^ iiifT€<J^ (Ti^ut^] 


cacn ^TDSTjA/e, iii?o^ ^^| 


^^1 /ut(b» bracelfl 


Eavati bJorujing tc yrqik/wi ^^H 


^^^M lad provutOTUi j'i/r ajoiintr^ 


UD = (&iyib (dialect) ^^^^^| 


^^H wghrdtA t^hriU rry <t/Joy 


ziSr greagy ^^^^^| 


^^H lufuu-i va { = biill&fl] a /firptf 


lift ^f(^ ^^^^^1 


^^H eartficn pot 


iiki offfw ^^^^H 


^^H inr* sowing ; cultivafoit lajid 


zimiq pet an^/ry ^^^^^H 


^^m 1ft *a1 artger 


Eimll e^nnnzfle -^^^^H 


^^H xufFa J'TvirfJ fjrvcsw'on tlna ^>njarnfn' ^^^^^H 


^^H xiwjqjnuJi Eijlda ntQjJbn, mcTTS ^^^^^| 


^^H tAl iu Ladi jftEft] tUift rmt ftiwe ziyiLm {liylra.) run'/ ^^^^^| 


H (s 54n) 


sukbma a ^fraji ^^^^^H 


^^H xnJntinni rielUrqfaolabjfala kind 


^^^^H 


^^^^ ff/friiter) ^^^^m 


^^V Zn,awMr take to f-ivil Qod (su TiHne% ** BfnA' ^^| 


^^H cnbftt MRfrfW 


Egjptr oh. Xiiv) ^H 


^^H L^bit o^i^ 


toIa^ |m££/^ ^^H 


^^H EfkbtIjA ;7nWj!>(t7 pottt^fijlrit 


xummj&t Ji'fa^ *in <t rCMi/ p^ ^^| 


^^H EAgliiLt '0 nm^^/nff 


fnmtnlr f>w ffA/> p^sn on a ^^| 




rwi-/ pi>j. pf/^r ^H 


iunn ifiinfc, ^uyjtotc ^^H 


^^M 1^ to twU 


lAi' fortnnft v^^^ _^^^^| 




M 


^B a*'d oftt 1 ""^^ ^°" ^^^B 


^H lalNigh fo ^rw 


Mitr mlinff intiti ■»'»] ; fonEtfa ^^H 


^^1 nbMgh f/y^r 


ttA^ T^''"" '--^f^-^^t n^r .^^^^^H 


^^H f«b«t /TC^W. Mi'f '">« 


■i<Jui ^^^^^1 


^B »bUi' 6c «i«^ i^y' e^ 1 "■«» »' V ^^^H 



^^^P VOCABULARY inih ^^H 


^^ sahm aiTou 


eAtrji hi fiqunl ^^^^H 


^^K air proceed 


pnvilrt eaiiftiry ^^^^^M 


^^r ntmJ? roi'^, travel: go to one''* 


tteipfti ^^^^H 


W trurk 


Mfih efiefik < ^^^^H 


^^ n^H(]. as'imI 'oln fa^A^? ;p]v>fi- 


tipihi\ jetrcllsr If ^^^^^M 


^^H ;j^(i)'j( 


akr toifvy ^^^^^M 


^^V aa^qda jra/pifriti/ ; Sv^thrvy 


Hiil^rt ieaietf*ottt ^^^^^^| 


r w'td, ifl'H protjUTvn 


nilr hrfoiA ^^^^H 


1 KBTu-Iya ^iiju, expeditions fam* 


sidq fni/A ^^^^^1 


1 ^'fir;;;! 


«1rft fn/ff ^^^^H 


^^ nFiiq fo//'^ a bnhf 


Birrl *W7rf ^^^^^B 


^H -vtSu- roadurj on uJoUfMy 


sirmAU jfT'^/tignffl ^^H 


^^ Bjlq Jritv- 


si'i (yiA'n) '.rt^i talcf mtetrf/ ^^M 


1 ntt\B^ tc tmtiir, irrigate 


^H 


^^H saqeaq ffU: 


Bl'irl 'ir'r'jTtntf f'l'oiipcrons ^^^^^t 


^^f Biiqi^ch r>oak {^Tea/^ in br>oth) 


AtkiC' /y ffiimt ^^^^^^1 


^^^ wVlcia (hiiklcAn) thrAlitvf^. haunt- 


^^^^^1 


1 tw/j gpint 


^^^^^1 


^^^ b&Iu;A| ^Infix taitfd 


ftibt]t.i>]Ln m'^i'^oo fAndtn^ ^^^^^| 


^^f Bftlu4] Aaȣ 


silJl^ ifT'ipO", aitiia ^^^^^M 


M.iam IJ HalHni ! drarrrmJ 


aimikh (il widrt) on;!r? («/ /^** ^^^^B 


Hkl&IDII fiif'tti 


^^^^1 


jttJAmAfa ffrr't'TtiTf 


oimm jtoiMa ^^^^^M 


nlgajD a ktji'i of trrnu'p 


simmAwt Tiiafficimt ^^^^H 


iMlliiri 'i'U'^PT , maJf-f ff^e 


a rnoking ^^^^^| 


sami fky^ fi--av^n 


flq'A] question ^^^^H 


ijtOiiin/r'titj remit 


aubQ' «cvmth day ^^^^H 


bikllllU ^ jf'in'm 


aCir ^^^^H 


■ukmilLn fr> nnm/l 


snkhro, fukhm rtwM ^^^^^| 


eftminnr f)0j7, ,^ru /en ci'ii'^ 


«ijLcDri fmhit'thoH ^^^^^| 


^^H iviui m/r^iod buH^ 


0ultJ>nlT& /'cviH, Aotff ^^^^H 


1 




^u«Ji^ to *}ifidc 


^hib/rifm<£ ^^^^^| 


faho^ ^ in ttui rru^niiniti 4'^- 


nttj.U ^ prop^, h^ ^^^^^1 


(g SSI) 


fubl^ fr-fubr ^^^^H 


^tihtihlyjk foliotnn^ morning 


9&ddar bn7if] r^jf , ;7Uf in /ro*tt ^^^^H 


tnhar, pulmr be p'ltfnt, fa-f 


yarlTH (vuirit) 'i^ermirtttiion^ ^^^^H 


VKbl/a -fiW 


^^^^^1 


^L fftblidl^ v^iA 'jiMMi'Oi^rriiHJj 


Kiirakb, furrflkK to thrifJi ^^^^^M 


^^B f>Cl>i V^f^l^ '^^r f'TAIf* 


^Jirr ttj li^rtj) ^^^^^M 


^^ 4slid y/r-ol Acif 


(urklui a ffry, ivrtam ^^^^^U 



r 440 TEE SFOEBK ABABIG OF EGYIT ^^^| 


1 f aFIt yfttott> mtnur 


9 Hdl noftiv r^ (Fj/per fyypt ^^H 


^^H fjiffn tttTniujjiltfir 




^^H t<Alih ptrwd 


^^H Viklkti f™/ 


^ij'&ii] n/iiR^ ^^^^H 


^^H ^m ffi/'inf 


fubli mominf; ^^^^^| 


^^H SHtumti)'!! r^amff 0^ d cft^J'ivr 0/ 


fublilya rjivminif ttfutf *<i^^^^^^ 


^^H '/le A'^^rvin 


r'tomin^i ^^J 


^^^B HUU'u frrri/twii'i' 


f uglii^ j<f/jttiinWt t^uifih ^B| 


^^H (Anf riiUL', kiri'f 


fulibiL tfnupi^r ^^U 


^^1 f&d thvoliny, fithing 


(UJT* (sur')r«rw; "(Jn ukkir ^or* ^ 


^^H pM ^7riri;«r 


ai/uli '/^fop ^^J 


^^^B ^irS^ik jmiars 


vQra/dre ^^| 


^^^^^ f irtkh fn-M(rAir>y 


— ■ 


^^^P ^^H 


^^^f BliiL* M (iTr'tfA 


abaqq offl&t, arepif^ ^^^^H 


^^H shJi'ant Ire tif ill afiitn 


HtuUuLT iffiea^ t(WJ ^ ^^^^^M 


^^H Hh-'fuiVu' ffeni^ 


Khnkkiif /^fut ^^^^^1 


^^H Ahe(a.nyil catige U' i-tuTy 


tihfltcwft edmplaiitt ^^^^^1 


^^^1 ablkbuli inta^e^ renrnthlit't^e 


sbifiUbif (fAJdi«) jfrrwrft ^^^^^1 


^^H ahftbb T/iAOTf/, i/om^ mtai 


sb&] tho^ '^^^^^^H 


^^H i«hiktiba n/um 


^hUrnT ^ynon ^^^^^H 


^^H AhafHrii i'/vLr«/7MiH, dfef^J 


Bharo^th ri AiTkfb ^^^^^H 


^^H rthatof tpofh^ ri'iu4 


aliomU larul ^^^^^H 


^^H flliAtir drvcr 


sliHuirii io ftii^'l ^^^^^H 


^^H ftUutfii^/rin/'/ofA 


BhriTikoi {tLbankiiJ tttp up ^^H 


^^H itluihnq m'^rh 


abiliwir douti// ^^^^^H 


^^H ffbalirt t'lonihly 


sb^^ Mt'R]7 ^^^^^1 


^^H ', HbitJd /tJf 


almhSilA tif^/ifntm^ ^^^^^^M 


^^^H tfhitnt imy 


shri lijtiwj api earryift^ ^fsag ^^| 


^^B H^juvt; mri^ir a COVW/t/ttNl 


Hhibi* /j« Kttinjr^it mltatoil ^^H 


^^^B hliA-iAi^rk fpark 


abii'l^ ribUiTt i u'i>A ^^H 


^^H flliikrar hontrur 


Nhitik partiiffr ^^M 


^^H khajbu drau^fht <tf tfcJer, ^ 


shirv\\ loo»0 trifiVfTg ^^^^H 


^^H ^hftrf rVJPKJliiCt 


abUb an trt» 0piKv ^^^^H 


^^H klinrmb {^'r;« f^^ drink 


^^^^^1 


^^H lllHlT »l7 


ahi'ld ^ fj^ fAajiv or/onv^f^^H 


^^H iihjjmif ff> /UfTfjnr 


fiii-f^if ^^H 


^^^B ^ilAT-t] ^W 


Ahlfn ^i^j/i/i ^H 


^^H ^lukrruJil fnii- ^cJ jfieen 


Jibilil ri'i-ni ^^H 


^^^B nhixli mw^hn 


«bin1«Jm Ji hfitr /AroMpA ifwCf ^^H 


^^H nhJt'r ftofr^ 


(■iiuiUr to A t^tt) ^^H 


^^H nhafu Afii«/ 


»b;.kjh f^A ^H 


^^H sbv]! fHUIil/ 


khuwdtliB rmo/i i^fl f^Jhwr ^^| 


^^H^ ihf iq itt wjJH 


1 



^^^^1 


^^^^H 


^^^H VUCAliULAHV 441 ^^^1 


1 'ulyvk tiuike ill 




1 'fliym H¥rj> 


'athabiih ti* ttad ^^^^| 


t 'jii^id h/eoAt 


'U» gwi h^ih atkl mfmtffth tv ^^^^M 


^^L 'lU^il fhi!t£ 


'^fnit juaddaitjriffhit^ ^^^^H 


^^P 'uiyin ' tip/ttnf 


^g'^, t/frittf ^^^^H 


'HU*ttU, ^auwiv /o hari- 


Sftfflb '/tf^, taij^a^ ^^^^^H 


^ubwnd ftim;>c7Mi/t.- 


'ufyu fte^th, iir^.ni/th ^^^^H 


'nuwnq fe knfi, tUiau 


^utjl ruut/jj, AcfXf/, infeUi^ice ^^^^^^k 


'aiAoijUl 


'af w pardon ^^^^^| 




*&1 fiwd^mf ^^^H 


'&UuuvrU Hsb ^olj^> ^^^H 


'>k^ub /i^jiu[» mtit 


*a]tq/0r(jjff ^^^^H 


^^1 'Ad /ij rv/ur^ 


*ft1mi F«E»-R«£ ^^^^H 




^ -ad (in Uppfir Eg}rt)«-Vn.in - 


Wa l^^tt 


'udulI r»fEA->:, (/</,- TTfOj^ <ur ^, ^^H 


'urls bridi"/r'H>ni 


pfvtmd ^^H 


^^bJd atarvh fiyr Itjf^ 


■ADiir (^ununlr) r4A^'iiq^,/im- ^^| 


*urd, A(ff*unr H li '*u'4"^ ■ ""'^'y/ 


yuotitnjy , '4iuii' il bvl TMrMf ^^| 


*Hi r ^' di/isp^Wf 


^'r^i ^c> fA^r fi^pettt tjunrtlinn ^^H 


'ni-Ah throne 


4^ tUo htiuse vhffft fiC iia»jU»'tt ^^H 


'htO^ ^rvfff p^ n fA''faf or 4eiffien 


Af'j ^6''ria ^^^^^| 


Uni'iinvnt toom btj uf^m^n ()irT 


'HRlUk 'W, Jrr^i ^^^^^H 


l/i-f TUMe, Miif/jfTtinif ritf evil 


I'jm/ritai ^^^^^^| 


'fia «*A TV/Tij^f /rtwn 


'All )-ai«t ^^H 


'ujeoq (o tiii 


'awAd r^ roavmjK'iitet eifmpcnffO' ^^^^^t 


"iiib i*rtf/Jtt/nwi, BTiJ^uw 


^^^^^H 


■»rTs t/''t:r 


*f^b Tf/fc, Aham£ ^^^^^K 




V'flii brtod i hvingflt/t ^^^^H 


mtt/anii7^ ^^^^H 


'lum iZr;feT™i/iU(n>«, «wri/y 


Biff ^^^^^M 


'u«iiL Avit^^ 


'ibfLdiv istfT/hif' ^^^^^H 


■nft'ie '/ry/'ti oJltiT 


'ihirAphnue; Jiiolftr ^^^^^U 


'!# *? J, fcpjTpij/fT- 


'ibb t/oxi^-jHXtlrJ ^^^^^H 


'awr tqii^t-ae. frest 


'itir 'lUit Utn'ihU on ^^^^^U 


'tufVa (WbaJ ^/iir^ ^Ifi k^ehi"/ 


*i;idh f^ thifnty ^^^^^H 


{worn Ity woni&i* rouoil tha 


nd/s^»val ^^^H 


befd) 


'igi ^// - ^^m 


'jkfT iJU CiT'f^tf/' 4|/j:trrT4cwn jJTU^' ' 'iriq f<' «rrtfif ^^^^^H 


' Tb« lovret- cUhosi^ uflcu a^v ^^iiuiu fur '^nivin. ^^H 


^ lu itri ii^&H an oilvtirli it ia tiiouketimMi hriarcl Utgerhei' vilh ^^H 


^ h^^ (*iA bftg&). ^^^^1 





^H U2 TEE SPOKEN ARABIC OF EQYrT ^^^| 


^^H 'itsn tcccvf^ 


■M /fi>£-. (Sm g 30K) ^^^1 


^^M 'irqi^'fl;'iiri\t| ilflglra^uA topn 


'luAmti inuiti^i'ifi , haiuptei ^^^^K 


^^M Hofil effeets, /w-niture 


'Am iimmminff ; ^aipyrdaht^^^^ 


^^H 'in fieiglitff'ilTi^ait, dcf^h 


(wftter) ^^H 


^^H 'isbjk th-G time of f truing prayrr 


'oiT fiffbflp ^^H 


^^H '^shiq /alt in love vith 


'nvntalU Oiirrmtm ^^^^H 


^^H 'iliiTt X!Tv>i0 


-nfir dutf ^^^^1 


^^H 'iniibft a ^optf Vi^^i/ Wt»;fv 


*nqba rad; ro-dvf>njiff ^^^^H 




^^H faMji tiraih, brand afnilfd in 


fiiffaf /if -/j^/f, njf tfif» i/fiOi^^^^H 


^^H 


riq r0rV'r>c?r f^cm«r((>ri«fUii« ^^^^^H 


^^H FrttlaJi emetys (of thi? oun) 


ia<\aA io htitch ^^^^^1 


^H Fiittlih Opffn^ (God) 


f dkir miiwiftd ^^^^^U 


^^H fokat £f^ 


fakkar rvrnjw/ ^^H 


^^H fakjor di<j 


fakhATfliil malcer <jf potUry ^^| 


^^H fkLl foZ/'t yurtg ti/ 1 t/K^a^u^ Ac. 


filktllra poUrry ^^H 


^^H (liu-gBr than tfaft 'if;l) 


fuittJI /jr jc^if ^^^^^^^ 


^^H f ndd^ atre 


fjLnf 'riin^rViif ^^^^^H 


^^H fmidACJ /o nhyr, /ra/ay '^'^ i-Z/i''^ 


fiitj{a£ dnrk •<ui ^^^^^M 


^^^1 fftdt t^ijJy, ifi;iK/ii/tt\jf^l 


fAi^EuIja a fIvM, p'lmil^ ^^H 


^^^M fftTflLg r'ftji'jre, u!4*aJif:iTi 


Htl r jKutry ^^^^H 


^^H fiuvi^yi>y, ttH.ddtTi'j 


IjgL radi-hf' ^^^^H 


^^H - fnrof inarf 


fihim uTi'y'-r''f^n'f ^^^^^1 




^^^^^^H 


^^H (chikirft, Ac.) 


fVI*Ji ^^^^^1 


^^H fax&ni ■-?/' gatnif, mine^ 


likrik ihifU'jfift vlf't ^^^^^^M 


^H faiTftt f fi) y^ n,f of, " rhnrk " 


tiqi. fJijt ^rht'id^Jtiuf'^r (in ■ i-i^. ^ 


^^H famfc^Ti 'iidtihui^ ; Ktuj/iy 


/^6), r'W^r tif thy Kiinn ^^J 


^^1 fttrriAbj>fA!«/«r;<i/M^a/j«erTViTf/ , tilti) ;>^;>;»-r ^^| 


^^H fomiq dutn'huUr dindi 


fijtai- i'^'tU^Qnt ^^1 


^^H fanah ir-irjWii, htddiitff 


furvbft bruift ^^1 


^^H farx^ii' <jj'lritiH 


fiira 'ff<^ ^ ^^H 


^^H fiuth' *frri«ij rip;ttarU$; ihreaifn 


fuLfliiq, fiititiiq jifffofftio nub I^^H 


^^^H taiLjtimp Hjt 


^^H fft^l.Vm/iTUHiam 


f11]^»* ^H 


^^H fn^ fa lHi}'<j'\in 


fuliyfixf^ii'n« ^^^^H 




^^H qattfid /'? rinit 


cjittAl A-y/v ; ^tJ(« (lA 4uJ*et «^^B 


^^^^^ qahni, qiiblil (irwfrfftMi 


Upil-T k|pr|i4) ^^^H 



^^^^1 




^F VOCAE^ 


1 q&tAr that rm ichich jferepirntitm 


(jnebsh if jair. gtulil/ttt ^^^^^H 


1 ha* /aiteii 


qashsbish, ^ubqUb pack ttp, ^^H 


^^^ q&t&r mn 'i/ter^ ij€ ttith 


gathar, 'jlsan ^^^^^t 


^^B qAt&m cat ti^fh iecth 


t\n*td youtfj ^md ^^^^^^ 


^^H qiLtlA' \X taitq highway Tvbbrr 


c^iLfa^h teize ^^^^^^| 


^^H qa-bt /aviiiu. Aun^ 


qaili bedpJJe^evtjUhtfl^: /^M*ii(tr,) ^^H 


^V q&d io Ughi, hirtdla 


ijaUib tuf-n up&idi datc% siir ^^^^^^ 


qjwi&DL /cnf 


qanuna^ to *hip ^^^^^^k 


qiidar tippi>i7ited periat^ listtiny 


qfuiAya nnali lumai. "fi-pfim ^^^^^^H 


qodbfi a '/ri/ rnrrumf'tf (tmAU 


i]flrLl]n to/U of IntM^ mJe ^^^M 


fructioQ of Th« iin/rj£&) 


[fflQdil fup tir litem* /of hatdifuj ^^H 


qftdr flvr^A, jfou.fr 


otV, wecf (U ti tamp ^^H 


qad^ aba at, fuarly 


q^ /(ff^rr, niiWJcU ^^H 


4)ftddim fTe»ff\i^ (ifer 


qibi] afv?;?f ^^H 


^^^ qftda '^'7, O'-'i-opiplii'h 


qit&O tfitron ^Jurd ~~ ^^H 


^^H qam^ fi' 0^j'ny» pim-h 


qiitr le abh ^^^| 


1^^ UnrAfn rni'^t^f 


qiilra fvirth^n pat ^^^^^H 


1 qaraq /rj/ft inviiu^if, fe// fa^t' 


qfri; ^^r;« ;irj/r ff " /liid/m ^^^H 


1 n^rf ixir(/pj«, ^r^W ^rt/fa 


qirib />!? jf^rjr, ti^ rtlaffd ^^^^^| 


1 ifMirA^'a ^iTfij' {in Form of a 


q'uba U^'/ffj'-j'AVn ^^^^^1 


1 howl) 


qir^ Cim»-^Jia^Mt pnp^r hng ^^^^H 


^ ij^rrab opproof^i 


qird mf>n>ttf^ ^^^^^| 


^^K ijAr" if^t^fo^ff vi^irviifm 


qismft pojiu'tt, fa£i ^^^^^H 


^^V qn-msli cnittth 


qi^htA crt^m ^^^^^H 


r^jLlYjibiU f run^ 'i, /TJttlfrA 


qiabr rind, huthy »Mt ^^^^^^k 


1 1 Aril A^trn 


qi^fitniL (/iiy i^f t-etur/vrtion ^^^^^^M 


i^aniftWl ^:an///^^'«^ 


qflta tciad (>f i-ftnatoei* ^^^^^H 


tiatAii (futtrr, cwiidraa 


qudi^m amviil ^^^^^H 


i^iA /^> rMritf'"^ 


qflra fortlutxtl ^^^^^H 


■l&Aflim dti-t'h tnio pfxrtt 


quriua l"^j ^^^^^^k 


^Hfjib ^fi^/c^f c-a'u ; i;'^''^ thivnt 


qiilU ^ixiihcn u.-atft^'bottic ^^^^^U 


^- qji^itliL ri /ar^d mfajiijr« 


qumftr {jamfilmfj ^^^^^H 


^^H qMU^ af^r^u/ 


qtin* ^i>n/0nfniflif ^^^^H 


1 

Knuwini htap up; ctd up 'ittii 




jrkrm 


Aun^'n^ ^^^^^1 


-~ kkirih piefVJi i\f nmUtm "r Ifxinh 


k&rkft bn w>M« ^^^^H 


(rofCvt im ah-iixr*) 


ktL^b&n irotr'f' ^^^^H 


kifcbb ifftr. ttj>^i 


ktLir {vn \hi\iiih kniir)^\.h^m ^^^M 


khiHi tia the hoJviM lehSud the 


Tflip ^^^^^^ 


bark 


kuMl A# t(uy ^^^^H 


karnf 'm^/? cut, mtff 


kfttbAf uHiximr ^^^^H 


r iLAT^kou pi/lice-^tttiton 


klfft fo rvunrJ ^^^^^| 



^V TlIK 6P0KKN AIUBIC OF mWT ^^^M 


^^m kafan nHmMd 


kirsh A^/^j paundi ^^^^^U 


^^ - ia^ paint t>/ rfu hmd }^^ ^^~' 


fcU tof, jTJur^ ^^^^^^ 


1 kaffik eti_^ic£ 


Idf Ayft tmffiei/mcy ^^^^^M 


^^^ knllif rant ; ^Jjtemi 


kllniA M\j/iJ ^^^^^M 


^^H krf ; 'tiJii knfak ^ ytm tikf 


IcAtu iuiirji, p%epe ,- nuwnrf ^^^^| 


^^H k^U a dr;/ rtu-asHf*, Vu) ticaf/th 


kubbf't brtfit^Utm ^^^^H 


^^H pilft qf OH itJiiahh 


kubr QTifatnetai M ofM ^^^^H 


^^^B kuDiin, kejoAu idtVt Kti/rvi 


kuL[^h j'ririuirf/ n-fufot *H 


^^^1 0{jain 


kuhl ii /i/:ffi'yn(;rpi*vf/orM* *jwr J 


^^H - kiUb bofifi ; mi^friage roattad 


kui'^ t^'ti'i /ArvwF . Ayit il KnniL ^^fl 


^^U kitAbft imtiti'j 


itnnte of the £6€ih tnrw ■^•f th^ ^^H 


^^U kilnf ahcndJer ; hatte kitf Av/rj/ 


^nd cfiapfar of tht Kanuk ^^H 


^H '"'^^ i i 


kOx mv^ ^^1 


^^H kidib JriTi qfiE h>» vkib 


kuffivii *ha»d u^orrt ttr^md tt* 1 


^^^^^ ki4b4^i«;/a^ 


/«mf ^^J 


^^^P ^^^1 


^^V Khabat ttiike, knotk 


kbodd jfTuio Ain, lArifilt ^^^^H 


^^H khahciT rwwi 


kho^rApD losing; lott ^^^^^| 


^^H khabiLi I)aA« 


kluLffo/^r ^^^H 


^^H khabiE inxJnny 


khalf be light i u^tmU ^^^H 


^^H kbabfl4 fell iiet. aiiiinUr 


kbolft d^tert, open ^}MWtf ^^^^^H 


^^H kbaiibat A7w<%t .rVri^ftt^ii^^ 


kLfll!/rt»t/ri^A ^^^^^| 


^^H khalniA a re^iia£u>n </ fA« 


klmtSfa <-aIifh, fhi^ ^^^^^M 


^^H Koraiif K'/roti reading 


khtJh^fiNuih,»ah'^i/,"iioj3^^^^^ 


^^H kh&tn^ Utrtt/h 


^H 


^^^B kliiLtJif tnivich 


khntLif ?v^ ^H 


^^^1 khatLu Tuateh-mnh'ff 


khuiuriiu drutU^ ^^^^ 


^^H k)ml( f»a^£ /tfi«tf, n/nfg 


kh&x^ 6iUiiar ^^^^^^1 


^^H kliutt <kliutai) ^>fc,/u^TVI^ 


kUViiui traatJKrvm ^^^^^H 


^^H kliat(4t ma/if' inutt, /urrttuvt 


khl>r [fiMft/riAiis ; yi>rHl ^^^^^H 


^^^B ri'tfjtv 


lcb>jm rhit'tttnij, cJifU-^ ^^^^^H 


^^1 khalvjh <rffp 


khibrft rftffivrtnMir ; aJU illiilliv^^^H 


^H khoad rAtfdt 


trpfri ^^H 


^^1 khung yii ntit 


kbrirJ difftrntt ; h\ kUJir m»*^H 


^^M kiuuvg (yiklu-ig) diitil 


^^H 


^^^M kbutikvAn iranc 


khiyJU ii^fj-/->fr ^^H 


^^B kluinuj t^ ilriif, pirra 


kliL>d tika/ifjri-. _/\"-thOifi ^^^^^t 


khiiluf /m ^^^^^H 


^^B ktunul <-Ki I'nff' vTiVn 


^^^H 


^^H khortiyj firr/vraU uilh hiAr^ 


klitinqn wi-i4i ^^^^^M 


^^H khiulim trtajniij/ 





■^^^^HHHi 


VOCAHJL.UtV U% ^^H 


L&b^b aeaaia SijypH'^a 


Uhd^feli cap ^^^H 


iLh (il fogr] I" daicn 


liLiq fvo^, ft4rfxad, managt ^^^^H 


|jUAq ta utirJf (net.) 


In ^^^H 


UJl go rtftititl; jmi rovnii,vT^ up 


Linq fo a/if^jt (nstit.) .^^^^^1 


Uqa, \%t^Jind 


luim £e Ncu^niAiry ^^^^H 


ljv]ah thrQW 


lusft 9iifl, ^^^^H 


{a,mm wUect 


lubyH haricftl hvnna ^^^^^| 


l^Ultt nijAi/v 


luqnift bit, mouiii/td ^^^^H 


]\\j\n^ li i-irr;^ rtf W^^f/oOil [MO 


luiat&D coMfici i/i-w^n, jt^nal w-j^ ^^^^| 


Laoe'ft "MoU. Egjpt." Ap- 


tdlitd9 ^^^^M 


pA&lllX A) 


^^H 


^^1 


Mfdjull, zufiyiilt aid tniiv^QM^ 


m&nnftr tUatwiCer ; Ah^sh idot- ^ ^^| 


pATA or fad^ft ( ^ kaif a 


niar i?^ii^iii o^ a T^v^inf ^^| 


mi^) 


fOiiffrn ^^^^M 


TiiiiugQd/iriKfrj^reitfcfi' 


mua /jfl fvminff ,- nwmfitf ^^^^^| 


mftbla^h ifum, onufUfif 


mnaAgbjeve/frrp ^^^^| 


matar, iiu^ar TViVn 


mulfa dintane^ ^^^^B 


um^Ub butitd iriwurs 


maaoJ ffotraple, prooerb ; /or -^r- ^^^^H 


roS^flr rat then ltt4% 


ampU ^^H 


mogliAm raff, nit^n'ft 


tunAalan jbr SEompfv ^^^^H 


niaAQb lunatic, /ajtatie 
BiDilifi^Al- tiMertffi, hatintf'i 


[uB^rQf (pi. roft^dnf) ^a^tOtiMf ^^^^| 


DLii^^lialia r^Tf^f ^4/ go ; yQ ^^^^^^M 


nutbr fioiMT 


aiiii^'iihiul /titif^td ^^^^^^M 


mal^ill, malnll jf^^fv 


tna'rifm Atinvjl^ge ^^^^^^M 


si^braiQb a ^/^^/A ^/ <rf>ar:M 


iim'rilf kindnets^ poliUnats ^^^^H 


ifiiwJm embroidemi in #iU (^ 


ra&'iia« mi'cA Arnv, mtramVi^ ^^^^| 


j/oW ffirtntU^ 


m&qtAf WA^^ riutulL' uf palm ^^^^H 


miilj^ili^) ti CTyi/jmflti^ 


^^^^^1 


madfit' 'jiiH, faTinon 


mi^qH^flr- ajfpfjinfitd^/aJed ^^^^^M 


uutdwid na'^^tfr 


mM^i-h'a wani ^^^^| 


mudljkufft *j}i^9td aparCmait 


TQJk'kl] foleti. ^fhh ^^^^^M 


MiiLTft (yimrl) "iJft offfVB tcilh (irf 


m&krfljih hurried, tmi t^ ^^| 


foci) 


hr'^th ^^^1 


mlrid on fvtljinnft^ w/a jmw?;^ 


ra&kfiab pAT^f ^^^^B 


/«/ fltVUf 


uakFi upvrt, upaith daiffn ^^^^^M 


mArrjkhilii an #fu^/^j /irif 


rnhkitih mo'f (iiigj ^^^^H 


miLrgiiJ} t't iitcih(i 


niakbf llf tj^r-iaif prii-att ^^^^^M 


mar^h^ba dmrt,/aHrtf 


mUib wii (Adj.) ^^^1 


ITIvtilfcHH ] IDT^fV/Jlf / 


malbAH dr«Mi, >jitmttnl ^^^^^M 





^^P^ 4«e THE SPOKKN ARABIC OF EQTPT ^^| 


W e uiulliti nii'lli^jaa (&lH>ikt a 


melabbia tn>nbotis ^^^^^M 


^^^ farthing) 


mewikhwt^ ^urntrt^, on fire ^^H 


^^B malmilm coHecied toycfher 


^^H inalyiiii full 


mith^i&sim jinled ^^^^^t 


^^H ma'mflr t/^t'ral r''pnsen£alire 


likfif 113 ^^^^^M 


^^H EDazurfld tV/ 


mitjoattr a jn>^ (nofiy ^^^^^| 


^^H xnunib portit/n, ttfiare 


mitila deliyt rupiU ^^^^^U 


^^H ujanakhtr tw»e 


mi)}r^l plviiijh ^^^^^M 


^^H mflnj* jlLiN/frafif^, oiatfifle 


muttkufl iiiri/e, emmitout ^^H 


^^H nunfa'iL aJt^ania^e 


mif^ya^ ^'/rajmta ^^^^^M 


^^H mauftlkh biaufn^jitlod tfut b^ i/tc 


mlflkof Russian t^ ^^^^^M 


^^H mad 


iui'ikkli£a biojiic ^^^^^M 


^^H muikhul ifi<-Li« 


mii^ddJ- 'juantity ^^^^^^| 


^^H mettuuvur rxmnd 


milijB. Mhcaif aJitiiH ^^^^H 


^^H iD€/aiyara a denioneit 


miltb ni^, g^tnt ^^^^^M 


^^H iD«sflfir (rm^Jtintj, IraffUrr 


fib^irtit ^^^^^M 


^^H me^hhiid burntnij furt (of itui 


mtidlr gni^emor^ tlir^CT ^^^^^| 


^^H 


iDudli-fva j'roiiini^ ^^^^^| 


^^^1 mc^L^i'll ejxcittu/fKr 


tDUruwj jmwidtd/oft blofi ^^^^^^^^M 


^^H luf ^hivk btjiqa, ^iVf qf 7i€f.liaM 


mu^ba iijlt/iiim 


^^M me'akmxi tereTi^Jtmt 


mxi^tAkal {tiahv.)$in'at,mehid9d 


^^H ia€'[il!im te<Kf*er, forifrrtai* 


muFrad o/on^, ^>tjfZo 


^^H jDefuriiiod sitver-ptatftl 


muqtada (lulin.) flMMnfy, rr> ^^ 


^^H meqaulB i^ntrarl 


^ir«m0nf ^^H 


^^H m«q&mbaT hiiddU^ up 


nuqrt rtad (mui) ^^| 


^^H mokftbbib tn both 


nolOkUyft a $pec^ cf m^iiom ^^| 


^^P ^auwar to ligMy thnno U'jlU 




^^H 


Dijar tifflii ; fTifc^ ^^^^^1 


^^H DAboflb di^ ; bury 


bu^nk Ifok , AnJ fry ^^^^H 


^^H oabbit sfToia 


bA^iiib to 4<t up ^^^^^1 


^^H iiftbbih *alA j^ivA in«/rudtf;nii 


n&fwl etcvi/'T ; cnl«r, pi«r9«, J^^^^H 


^H 


roJiu hreath ^^M 


^^B ^Jk%\ tMOp 


naia' 6* o/ tidr ; i«jtf, f^^ ^^^^H 


^^H I^Kft MM 


uiJAkh innate ^^^^H 


^^H tMff^ cJuiruMiffrt, lanfflntf 


nAfiq r^riLir, fie « A jporrtfa '^^^^| 


^^H 1>'4S'* ft^^der MindffuXn 


haIi (rin'J ^y«, ttit^ ^^^^^t 


lUkffjid j^:j^ (Lr.) fArwiyA ^^^^H 


^^H xuklkbi copper, cfipp«r cw^tff 


uiqi^ ifUfi^^^) £«■• ^^^^^1 




mu^b A^ ^^^^^H 


nuiqal mart vtth gpah ^^^^M 







V0C3ABULAKY 



447 



n&kif letvtCf loony 
jjokhnJ iri/t 
□ami tmit 
nawB intend 

nitfa f'ifce, bU 
xngtA unclean 

niea vff^men 

lUHnSLS monlcey 

bif fb, oaf lb jNtrtiim, «Aart 



uiahAra jrowiiud'T cAat'j'rb/iP 
jaiffl envt/i apiie - *^. i".T * 
am of the Nile 
nimr fi^ *^ {] AJ "' ■« -^ o J 

ii<|r lighi - 

irnqra Af?i« 

nuql dried JruiU and nub 

(meknasarit) 
mukhaslya ^ur, ^mk^ 



W 



w&gad to find 

w^eh inViJ animal 

w&hl, v&hl& nffttf 

WAd&* tea shelU 

w&dd&* ^o^ Uave of 

^a;rw\ paper i leaves 

w&alf a duty 

wassa^ tniien, moAv room 

wa9^ to cAor^, {Td^r 

WAffol cause to arritv, ccMirfvc' 

wa^l receipt 



waahsh glide (as a aerpoat) 

w&'&ya eat^ieii bovA 

wait BtUtd 

wiliya lady^ old ivmnan 

walla^ to ligfitt bum ^ 

widn ear Vl«ti i"(?z£n 

wiflitch dirty 

wishAh/ac«, Jur/tioe, shot 
willfa cirmpamon, mate 
wU^a Hjx coal 
wu4t I" '^ centre o/y atnidjd 



Yftbis iliT/ 

yatlm orphan 

yadd-}d(S2i,iioto) 



yamanl tj/ Yemen 
yamm, jamma, itkIv 

yllwir aide-de-^amp 



II 



-t 



■At 



APPENDIX 



^ 14. Id praters the & oF AllaL ie proixoiirced aJmost ae ilw io 

g 4. WhflD th« w follj^ffiiig Ui« 1 JA itaeii folJnned by tu 
kceeuted vowel th« i retuiui iU naturu] fiound as in liw&ya Mvi-^f. 

^ 1 7. The DOme TWJrojj 77j/v>^[>re is Aumctimea wdtb^Q h» wall 
ad pronnciiicofl Ti*fli_li-rt#. 

g4'i C'J. Artd nmliffidJys. Uarttiintj fry A«it*. 

^ 42 (A Add gmona (from ganua) tjnrdsn. 

§ 52 (*)- Wlien. as &omrtiiiio9 bappona, the literary form i? 
ua^> theiw iiuuub ru« rvu;Ai^tfO ut, mikMuUne&, TEiua wf sjiy 
imdilEi Diu^ ^llIiiii Au ni^ffiaturt V* iiu/ fjiiififv-f, but imdiib muah 
uihir- W« houj U aciuju 'tUt (in u-eU tu^VyiL. 

g &^. Widii i^arbljuuid btf diddM tc tLir' IJFtt of fdmiiiiubfl, aijd 
ik1«o tnimviJL^ tud memiing a tjumwofj rar^ lh\i» we hit it tnhD^- 
wuj mishyit. 

If Gc^. AUali God bt>oouiet. iliti, ^e it is supposed to elAiiJ for 
U UaU iAt j/w^^ Ihu* llibl r*iy 6V/, not AU&bt 

^1^. With tbi* Inwpr du»^»^ mndlr yi/fvrfl'^r aomelim^ makes 
imiiUrijfiu m tbt plunil m imitiilioii uf Uie liteiury iBudlrfln- 

I 7Si (i^. Add >iKld jiiddit when iLseii of tLe ha.iidle of ■ 

§|S3-T. Add ^^d i^nd wbeii u«ed of the liai}dlt-uf n toul,<t4<. 
% 109, EemATk t. Hut we sometjtrK*^ Ji^-nr nU we IcuaCi' 

^ 1 10. Add 15 iikmbfix »&LRat kin; ! f^r J 5/A ^ f^ihrr q/* uAaf 

J ll'J, Remark *. Atm luuy al^n n^suuio Ui* fwm ui! witli 
the ui^aiive U, but Una i^ ^oid oa w«1i t^ UoL 

g 121 (A). i*i"T* lUuktB a[iH> durJlj*i, hut, lau uimiunnly. 
Vft> tntuti9' n\ii.k^ii ii4(4lM otiI). ^nqfi t'<i//arp jiuqi^tu, Vi^ rAr«1y 
yaqfkh ; M ';idfl k>rJgirfLlJy 'hdr^wj tti'Tiy ittaoverE thn v, tbufi 
**dfiwl, Vlftwak, ftdQi^-imi.'ddflwiUniin. 

f 2-2- It had bfirft Mi^^^r'Hii'iL thai all vertH w^n- LsriginAUVi 
bLJltnittl. Tlifin' cjtii lit tm <1imbT. iimX thi* nmniiiTig of fh^ I'vili 



450 



APPENDIX 



exumpJ^f iu tli--' ^iiutiutiiii'ie^ the v^^rbu be^nnin^ vith th^j 

I '2-tL Add gibit., u&Ljit in ike directiijn of, 

q«^a}L£ hi kiiilte kbilitf, i.^. turiiuJ ^71 oppoEite diferliuuj*. Vi^i 
ifi w tumpli^tuW an u/lverb ii}i\t it m&j be precieilcd by b proj 
AitiuiiH iin Uuiilk^ bi ^'ig^ sbUJlt^u abttti two years tafer. 

^ 24H (rt)s A^d li lia-irit U ftfiik^TijA Jftufif^TH t^4 unt^aU,' 
Kc'iimrk 6, l*be -.^xpi-e^^LOii iolh qiuiliQ u nkiuiii in '/fij/« // tffH uA 
eoaietimei^ Leiuil. Feu- bD oxplr»Tia.tirjii gf tlilfi iia^e 404* WH^hly 
"Ambii: ^immiiij-r" (voL (1. ^ 8(j, 2iiJ wliL^ Kt'iimrk. *-, So 
imsikabu »iha»i*ii)"ii ^^t^f ih* nmtt fuyr^inij an umf-rf^iln, 

g 2bi Romu-i'k- Add miu lialiwit (or Jmlaut) ir rfth /rr/w fAt 
rtOf''i7(M< c/ h/'i^ i-p. Jrf '"V fitAtre to Hoe ; duuahit id dni o /A« ni>w 
tiTf/jR tteatifir , gudwil id ttarlj fAcr multiptUntitm iabU. 

S^Sl^, Add £unal'iLlf wotiiQ^TnljEiin tfts year WiQO. 
% 2'i'a, Adit mi^t il 'Adu a natural ^iaUK 
^ 3l!l Hk* iidj-'L't.ivt \i Homutitiivs in Uke fcTninini*. oa sMf t] 
kbubji* (or it 'ftlatu) mik^bvn J/c jiiiu tUej>f!i'^lc iMdiiiuj \ij. J 46!£| 
JS 3S'J, Add juukin kbii'ud kabHt oj^im bith fi g^bu ^tfnJla^^ 

5 387, Add >-6ml>m. 

§ S^Dh Add U tAbangn Wfl,1n gbOru {m gl^rrhA) nfiih^r 41 j>^< 

§ 4i>ri. 1'hi' piciiiuuuiiiil suiEie^ tvpri'^nutltig Uii? 2nd pni-aon 
%x* tf<r_v ootumtiijf^ u»o<1 lu i-i>11scivi4« with tlip vurb khulti, 
kbulUk Wnui^ h-a<v yonf^it/, i.ft. tvumm hTrt^wt k^u4U[kJ wan^, 
kballikr; {u<'l kii^liaku, ^ ]44) fi I ^t.K 

!: 4i>J, Aild luitiiuiri. ^id 1»li1 i/k^ w 0/ m^ A rifA«v'«, i.«. 
ihv "'iimt* fK^fffit- 

|i -(23, NoU^e Uii> aubetitiiticin of thr di>TnonAlTotivn for tbtt. 
;iii«rtiJ|{utUu ill ll'v ejipi'o»Bii>(i Lt^btxghil fl <~h ^vi^ itiXiil tuinoa' 
fffAflf (ftv ytn* unrrk tU to gtt ti Hvia'jt (lit. and mt /htm U). 

Jl 4G4, aotd I. &o biddiuii k<iuu& anbOf for k*ti hidili 
uiibOf, &*;. 

i ^rd. Add kiu li&li^ dui^iiu ht had ghair-' kU (eordL 

^ 482, Add nuitiwH yirummit h^ kilM/ffrlkf '■'- ■'^■^^"ty, 
kbtift %iDHhl wuriUium yidral-ilid J tpar ^frtnd U} 
ihv^ tftat mr. 

JD^tO. Add kJu^il ium jvk4u bav>>antr^/rtl A ^■ 

m* vinkir iiitic^ lu* ftxb A<- t^'niff that Ih^n u- 



APPENDIX 461 

g 549. Add khadtu b^tt 1 took it to viy hcmw. 

g 533. Add ihallifoibum il jemtn tee made them tiuear the 
oath. 

g 554 (d) Remark. Add mauwitn m3t, 

§ 5Gh The verb '&d return is used much in the s&me way &b 
rigi , as In quite wala 'idt, i.e. I didnH ear/ it either OTve or twice. 

% 570. BL Add bi ll^i hy God, bi e zimma wi d diyina hy 
my (or youTj ttc) etyrvidence and religion; bi I lun da of thi$ 
folour : yimshi bi I'flfu 'iryina he tcalkg with his head hare ; sukku 
bi I mufUh JocJc it vjith the key. 

Z^y. So an^i zljt zS^Ak we are alike. 

*a]ft. Add dafa te qinsbun *a] gaw&b / paid ttno piattrea on 
the letter; da ^'be 'aluk it ts hard on you; Bimi'te *al£h innu 
khad bdsha I kaiv heard that hf hoe been made a pasha ; eitta 
'ala talata tibqa tSs'n six at/d three niaJie nine. 

"nn. Add 'an Iznak by your leave. 

Fi. Add kunte b£yit fi 1 fallShIn / vnu funding the night 
in the country ; darab fth he fired ai Aim ; ma yi'iufsbe fi b sS'a 
he doesn't know how to teli the time; fi 'aehamt innu yigl I am in, 
hopes that he will come. 

Li- Add nfLm lak abnwaiya take a little sleep ; li kh&miti 
yflm sifii' on the fifth day he departed. 

Ma*. Add madbUt ma'fih seized on him. 

Min. Add it bSt mionu li 1 khala ihrre iM nothing beticeen 
the houee and the desert; misku mia dirfi'u he caught hold of 
him by hit arm ; ma fchadtiah b^lf minhum / didn't notice them ; 
khad %kt abtlh minnt he avenged his /other onme ; yiqmb 11 min 
il gidd he m related to me through my (or hit) grandfather. 

g 578. Inn forma one word with the participle bflyin (bAyin) 
the jx^B coaleacing, thus we hear biyinnu gay for beyiii innu 
gay, b^yinzm kede, it is dear thai it is so. BSyinne kede is 
aleoueed. 

§583. Add^ 

To Onk wbo BAB Drunk Water 

Hant'an {good luck). Reply — banikum AJlfth {God moittf you 
prosperous). 

To ExFBEas Thanes 

Kattar kbfirak {God increate your prosperity). Eepty—we 
kh^rak (and yours). 

To AJJ JNVAI4D 

Salamtak {your safety, Le. Ood restore you to tiealth). 



us APPENDIX 

To On ABOUT TO Blmmt 

mm il 'afya (the sleep of hetdth). 2i^l]f—AMt yi'ftflk (or 
yi'&ft) badanak {Ood give you^ yottr body^ strength). 

To One Risino in ths Mobkino 

Bal^ in nfim {may yoitr deep hatJA been good). Reply — fahhe 

bftdanak or AJlfib yihi&zak (God preserve youy 

To One SriaxiNo on a Joubnbt 

Kabbma yiwa^^lalc bi s sat&ma (pur Lord oondvd you viih 
st^eiyy Reply — ma.' h salAma. 

To One Coming fhom the BAtH ob the Babbeb 

Na^ttnan {may yoa have pleaaare). Reply — All&b yin'am 
alek {God grant you pleasure or smooth your patK^. 

To A Pebson Snebzino 

irhamak Allah {God have mercy on you). Rej^y — A114h 
yihfitzak or 'fifak AUili (God give you health). R^ty — Allah 
yi'&fik. 

By a Pebson Yawning 

Astaghfar Allab il 'aztm (/ ash pardon of the great God), or 
a'Azu bi llobi ntin hh sbe^an ir ragiiu (/ take rf/uge icith Gt^i 
from Satan the iffoitctiy 

To A Beogai^ 

Rabbina (or Rabbuna) yiftal^ 'alek {may onr Lord open to 
youj i.e. (jif you cotinolafiun). 

'alA Hah {dependent oti God) la mid both by and to b^gara^ 

g 585 {e). Add ilina s 6^'i\ khamsa ; ihna gum^a ; it maegfa 
nup^e \ r>ui ii^iUhi ; lazim oiaugud (Ae 7Hij^t be present). 

§ 5yO. Remark h. Add isniak fnqlrJ {do you call ijourself 
p'H/r!) 



INDEX 

Hit mtmbcr^ r^tr to tht teetiont 



AcGuntive, 03 

Direct objact, ^J7o-7U, 288, 207, 
51«-S7 
A^ectlvv — 

B«latiT«, 12 a, 44 

Famutlon of, 43-4a 

Comparison of, 47, 337-48 

MultipliciLtive, lor; 

DutributiTe, 1<>6 

NumerA), 107 

3ilbfltiuitive mod u, 21*6 

C^jncordof, 310-SO 

Used u BubflUntivt, 381, .'^32 

Uied adrerbiolJT, 330 
AdT«rb< 104, 214/346, AB 1-2 
Appotitiim, 289-95, 418 
Article — 

Definitf, 40, 121 (4 d), 24^-52 

Intkfiiiite, 10, 217 



BeU', fi9, 121 iRem, rf)/-'5l, 267-9. 
31-9, 882 



OONDITIONAI. KntfiDCH, 607-16 
ConJQDCtions, 246,671-80 
ConinnantB — 

FroDUDci&tion of, 19, ^0 

Double, 22-1 

AHinjiUtioii of, 2^ 

TniiipoaitLOii of, 'IS 
CoDtiutiau, 9 {R«m. a), 29-33 

Dativi, ei b. 275, 28B, 570 nub- 
DimiDUtiven, 42 c. 46 
DiphthoHEfv, 1, 8 
Du«I, 70-76, 807-14, 817, 4«S 



SiMiou, SV 



FuEiNin, S0-fl2, 458 note, 48I5-7. 

Se« aJso under verb (concnrd) 
Fisum of ipaecb, t86-PS 
Frutiobi, 108-9 



GiHiTiTE, 88 b, 04-00, 254-74 
Gerund, 501 



IXDiStcr diioourw, 617-21 
lofinitiTfl, 230-32, 497, 6tj5 
IntorJHtloDa, 340, 6fi3 
Jntdrrc^^n Bedt«aa:i, 522-27 



Moow, 190-97 



Xauwt, pnrHCe,ftppen<]iic,mJid;>'f in 
Ne^tive pMxticleB, 15:l-r:0 
NtgAtivo MnteDoa, 53;i-46 
Noun a — 

FurmHtion of, 41, ill 

CollFCtivif, 42 a (R<'in. a^ 322. 403, 
401 

01 aoity, 12 a, 29H. 305 

QompDuud, 40 

Gender oF, 19-62 

I>«ol«naian of, O-f 

VerUI. 22a-30, 2^7 

UKd «b«]ut«]y, 2S8 

or multitude, 321, 102 
Kamar»]B, &2-n0, 320, 31fl-'il 



1^ 



Obdir nf w'irdi, 316, 352-8, 300, 
423, 631 



4&4 



INDEX 



FARTiGiFLn, 498-503. See iObo hci- 
d«noe nnd«r v«b 

FuiivG, ]3fi, &05-S, 655 

Plural. 7fl-91»3fl4 

PrtpiisJtiuDB. 240-13) 670 

Prcmoniii — 

PerBonid, 111-20, afl2-7fi 
PoftB^naivfr, 121, 30S-« 
DuQicmatntive, I2i, 406-22 
Interrogativs, IBS, 423-8 
R*-litive. 126, 429^7 
ludeliiiitF, 127, 123, 4 1 3-57 
DiatributivB, 129, 438-43 
Ttefl«XLTe, 122-3, 397-406 






fiiNarLAR, 203-300 
SppllJng, 1 [Rem. I) 
SnffixM, 113-21, y67-e, :i7G-&:. 
4U0 



T>NBt}i, ■jntU) 47S-S9 



ViBLBa— 

TrilitenI, 130-221 

DeriT»ti«, IflI-81, iett-7, 19&-«, 

203,207.212,216,226-7 
Went, 137-216 
Strong, 1A3-86 
With 79^ "o fnr one nf the iwlfaOn, 

137-91 
With V ff>r ana of tba tadiddl, 

192-202 
With y f«r ona of tbe rftdic^li, 

203-1 S 
Defsctiv*. 210-21 
QqHlTiliten], 222-7 
Ooncnrd vLlh eabject^ 46A-72 

62S-32 
Truuittve aod latnoiiitivt, 640-67 
Itnpervoiul, &S8 
Peculi»r Had or, 560-00 
V-K^tiFt, 121, 280-7 

PrfinancUtiaD. 2-7, 16 
Helping, 0, 10 
ShfttttniDg of , 11, 13, 15 
LengtheniDg nf, 12 



iFu. irr. w. 6r;i-tl 



THE BKD 






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Wiivd» 




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