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JULY
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Slfea
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1918
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CONTENTS
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CONTENTS
PAGE
John Gilniore Deane 3
Some Knights of the Road lo
Alphabetical Index of Revolutionary Pensioners in Maine. i8
.Vfigiistine .Simmons 25
About the U. S. Census in Maine for the Year 1800 28
More Abotit Rev. Samuel Moody 30
i\eferring to the Organization of Penobscot County 31
M-chael Philbrick, Son of Capt. Zachariah Philbrick 33
P>rowsings by the Editor in his Own Library 34
Sayings of Subscribers 30
52
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We have positive evidence of the reliability of the advertisers on these pages
sruA(;ri<:'s journal of maine history
Lewis' Map of Maine — 1794.
Sprague's Journal of Maine History
Vol. VI MAY JUNE JULY 1918 No. 1
John Gilmore Deane
By Eugar Crosby Smith.
Xumbered among those men, who in the first half of the last
century, helped to place our state on a firm basis, and a pedestal of
prominence with the others which compose our union, and who to
our shame and regret we are relegating to a nameless oblivion, is
one whose name in his day and generation was known and honored
throughout our borders.
Born in our mother state, of genuine old Bay State stock, John
Gilmore Deane first saw the light of day March 2"] . 1/85, in the old
town of Raynham. His parents, Joseph Deane and ^lary Gilmoie,
both were born in that town, and lived all their days there. Air.
Joseph Deane was a pros[terous farmer and a highly respected in-
habitant of his native town, of high repute for his honesty and in-
tegrity, and held in great esteem by his neighbors and townspeople.
He served in the War of the Revolution, entering the service imme-
diately • after the Concord and Lexington fight, and remained in
the regular service for several years.
John G. Deane had the benefit of a college education, graduatirig
from Brown university in 1806. He read law in Taunton, ]\Iass..
with Hon. Seth Padelford, judge of probate, and came to Ellsworth,
Maine, Sept. 2}^. 1809. The following September (the 13th) he
married Rebecca, the youngest daughter of Judge Padelford. his
former law tutor.
Air. Deane sailed from lioston for Ellsworth, Thiu\sday, Septem-
ber 21, and arrived at the head of Union bay the following Satur-
day. As the tide was too low when the vessel arrived to permj"t
t'ne passing of the bar, he jM'evailed upon the captain to set him
ashore at Surry, and from there he walked the remaining two miles
to Ellsworth. He at once secured a boarding place and a rnoiii
4 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
for an office, and on Tuesday started on a trip to Castine to gee
for himself blanks necessary in his practice. On his trip to Castine
he went u[) to Hampden, and visited accjuaintances, a Mr. and Mrs.
lirown. Here he met General Ulmer of Lincolnville, who ufgec
him to settle in that town, and invited him to pay him a visit and
look over the situation. Two days later he went down to Lincoln-
ville. and although the general made him very generous induce-
ments, offering to take him into his family to live, and to furnish
him enough business to pay for his board, Mr. Deane considered
that Ellsworth promised more for the future, and remained firm in
his original determination to settle in that town.
He returned to Ellsworth October 3, and commenced fitting up
his office. In a letter of October 6, to his future wife, he says he
is ready to begin j)ractice. His equipment at the time consisted of
his few books, one chair, a table and a bench.
Close application to business, and carefully guarding the interests
of his clients, soon brought him a fair clientage, which grew to
large proportions as the years went by. During the earlier ye:irs
of his professional life he was connected with the military organi-
zation in Ellsworth, and held a commission as lieutenant-colonel.
He served for a short time in the war of 181 2.
In person Mr. Deane was about five feet and ten inches in height
of (juite large frame, dark complexioned, brown hair and eyes,
rather spare, and never wore a beard ; an entertaining conversa-
tionalist, though not much inclined to be talkative. Hon Charles
S. Davies, a colleague and co-laborer with Mr. Deane in the ad-
justment of tile North Eastern boundary ({uestion, said of his ])er-
sonal api)earance in an obituary notice, "the cast of his countenance
was remarka1)]y intellectual and indicative of acuteness, foresight
and sagaciu. 1 1 had also something of a more grave, reflective
and resolved cliaracter. The upper part of the face, particularly
the intersection of the principal features, bore a striking resem-
blance to the bust of Alexander Hamilton, wdiile the perpetual
activity of its fil)res in ihcir animated expression, might remind one
who had seen the original of the incessant motion of Lord
Ilrougham's."
He was much loved in his family, entering into the sports of
his children with a zest that made him one of them, and as one of
his sons said, "More tlie big brother than the stern i)arent." He
was an admirer of manly sports, fond of hunting and fishing and
JOHN GILMORE DEANE
an excellent marksman. He loved the woods and the study of
nature. Surely these traits of character eminently fitted him for
the prominent part which he was to take in later years in the
exploration and survey of our northern wilderness. He was also a
man of decided literary tastes, and his style of composition was
clear and polished, as an inspection of any of his writings and
reports on the North Eastern Boundary question will show.
He collected a good sized library, consisting of history, poetry,
romance and essays. His law library was very large in comparison
with those of his day. He was a subscriber to the North American
Review from its first issue to the time of his death.
Mr. Deane was not a member of any church, but he was a con-
stant attendant at the Congregational church in Ellsworth after its
organization in 1812, and his pastor during all the time of his life
in Ellsworth was the much revered Parson Peter Nourse, the
brother of the U. S. senator, Dr. Amos Nourse of Bath. He was
of a Catholic spirit, and all the church organizations received as-
sistance from his purse. When the Baptist church was erected he
purchased a pew there, although his attendance was still with the
Congregationalists.
But as interesting as each little event connected with the lives of
our pioneers and early statesmen may be, I must, with reluctance,
leave this part of my sketch, and turn to the more important events
in the life of the man whose work for his state was of so great
concern. ]\Ir. Deane was admitted to practice in the Court of
Common Pleas in Hancock county, in 18 10, and four years later,
as was the rule in those days, as an attorney and counselor in the
Supreme court. As his reputation grew for being a learned, sound,
and discriminating lawyer, so his practice increased accordingly,
and very shortly he was enjoying a remunerative clientage. As
his business extended he was brought in touch with prominent men
in all parts of the state, and numbered among his personal friends
were Jacob McGaw, Prentiss Mellen, Joshua Hathaway, Simon
Greenleaf, William P. Preble, and many others of equal note and
distinction.
It is certain that he took an active interest in municipal affairs
as soon as he was settled in Ellsworth, for he was one of the select-
men as early as 1813. He was first brought prominently before the
general public by being elected a member of the General Court of
Massachusetts in 1816; he was returned to that honorable position
6 S PRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
for four consecutive terms, thus indicating that he filled the posi-
tion to the eminent satisfaction of his constituents.
He was a member of the House of representatives of the Maine
legislature for the years 1825, '26, '27, '28, and '31, and it was
during his service there that he became a particularly conspicuous
figure, not only in Maine, but throughout the borders of our
country, on account of the prominent part he took in bringing about
the settlement of the dispute over our northeastern boundary, and
the vast fund of material he had collected, and knowledge acquired
relating to this vexed and troublesome controversy ; a controversy
that he was not permitted to live to see settled.
In 1827, Governor Lincoln endeavored to bring this matter to the
attention of the general government with a view to having the
matter finally determined, and referred to the question in his mes-
sage to the legislature. A committee was appointed to whom was
referred "So much of the governor's message as relates to the
northeastern boundary,'' and Mr. Deane was its chairman.
Perhaps it may be well to take a glance at the previous training
that so peculiarly fitted him to fill the position that from this time
on until his death he assumed regarding our north and eastern
frontier.
As has been said previously, he was a lover of nature ; he loved
to feel himself in her sublime and ennobling presence, and as one
has said of him, "He loved to pierce the vast, profound, unpeopled
solitudes of the forest. He liked also to meet the remnant of the
ancient race of proprietors, in their native woods." His natural
ent inclined towards these things, and he cultivated the inclination.
Sometime before he settled in Ellsworth, John Black, a young
Englishman, located there as deputy agent of the Bingham heirs,
who owned large tracts of land in Washington and Hancock coun-
ties, commonly known as the I'ingham purchase. Mr. Black later
became an American citizen, and on account of his holding a com-
mission in the militia, was known as Col. Black. The two men
became intimate friends, and Col. Black employed Mr. Deane in
his professional capacity in connection with the lands of which he
had charge. This called for many excursions into the wilderness
to inspect the lands, adjust disputes, and locate boundaries, and
gave him much valuable and practical knowledge which was of
great advantage to him in the performance of his duties relating
to our (lis])Uted limits.
JOHN GILMORE DEANE
His duties as a member of the committee of the legislature of
1827, did not require much labor, as this was about the beginning
of our legislature as a body taking much interest in the subject;
yet the report of the committee, which was prepared by Mr. Deane,
though brief, shows that he had already given the matter much
study, and that he was thoroughly familiar with the situation.
In this report of his we find the key note of the whole political
situation at the time, and the one that governed the Webster-
Ashburton treaty of 1842, made after Mr. Deane's death. He
says : "The rule for settling the boundary definitely, is clear and
plain and explicit. Nor can we forbear to remark, that if views
of national interest did not interfere there would be no difficulty in
ascertaining the line.''
In 1828, the matter of the dispute over the northeastern boun-
dary was a subject that interested everyone, the executive, the legis-
lator, and the citizen. The British provinces had become aggres-
sive, and one of our citizens was in the Fredericton jail charged
with trespassing. Gov. Lincoln devoted over half of his message
addressed to the legislature of 1828, to this all-absorbing topic. A
joint select committee was appointed to whom was referred so
much of the governor's message as related to the northeastern
boundary question, of which committee Mr. Deane was chairman
on the part of the House. Practically the whole of the work of
preparing the elaborate report submitted to the legislature was his.
It is always referred to as Deane's report, and he was granted an
allowance of $100 for expenses in procuring information regard-
ing the subject of his report. The report exclusive of documents
occupies 56 closely printed pages of the acts and resolves.
Much has been written on this subject, and by able men, but I
doubt if a clearer, more concise, and accurate treatment of the
question ever appeared. He traces the history of the boundary
from the records of the earliest discoveries, grants and treaties,
down to the time in which he wrote, and his array of facts and
force of argument must convince the most skeptical that our claim
was the just one. This report was ordered to be printed, and
copies to be sent to the President of the United States, the gov-
ernors of each of the states of the union, to each of our foreign
ambassadors, and to our senators and representatives. So far as
Maine is concerned, this is the most important document ever pub-
lished relating to the question.
8 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
Mr. Dearie's next term in the legislature was in 1831, when he
was again a member of the House: again the governor referred to
the much vexed boundary question, in his message, and Mr. Deane
was again the spokesman and authority for the committee that was
especially appointed to consider the matter. This report dealt with
the unsatisfactory, idle and absurd award of the king of the Nether-
lands, and Mr. Deane takes up paragraph after paragraph of that
award and considers it in the light of history, statecraft, and in-
ternational law, and leaves but little chance for argument when
he has finished. The report of the king was not accepted. The
arbiter's work was for naught.
In 1838, during Gov. Kent's administration, a resolve was passed
directing a survey and location of the northeastern boundary of
our state, and Mr. Deane on account of his intimate and accurate
knowledge of the subject and the country, was at once appointed
to execute the commission. This work he did to the satisfaction
of the government.
From the time of his first interesting himself in the boundary
question in 1827, it was an all-absorbing topic with him. He mas-
tered more of its details, historical, geographical and statistical,
than any other person, and wrote, spoke and printed, not only more
than any other person, but possibly more than all others combined.
Personal business was secondary with him, he ate, drank and
slept with our northeastern boundary question. When discoursing
on the subject he was in his native element, "His foot was on his
native heath and his name was ^^IcGregor." No difficulty wearied
him or obstacle appalled. He gave it his best thought, hardest
labor and maturest deliberation. Never was a public servant more
devoted to his trust than he ; it was his ruling passion. But possi-
bly, providentially, he did not live to see the determination of the
question by the Webster-Ashburton treaty in 1842. It would have
been a cup of bitterness and a feast of mortification. It may have
been statecraft, diplomacy, or international amity that efifected the
compromise, but nevertheless we lost six million acres of most
valuable territory, and receded from a position that was right
logically, historically and lawfully.
Mr. Deane removed to Portlaml in the fall of 1835. He died in
the prime of his manhood at the age of 53. His death occurred at
Cherryfield, in November, 1839, where he had gone on business
connected with his large landed interests.
"Strong to the end, a man of men, from out the strife he passed."
JOHN GILMORE DEANE
The Deaxe AIaps.
The maps of Mr. Deane followed those of Moses Greenleaf,
and were prepared for the special purpose of delineating our
northern and eastern boundaries. Previous to 1838 there had
'been only partial surveys of this disputed territory, and Mr.
Deane's work as commissioner on behalf of the state to execute a
full survey of these boundaries afforded him exceptional facilities
to procure the material to make a map showing the true limits
of our state. To accompany his report to the legislature, a large
map of the territory survey was prepared under his direction, and
having all the data at his disposal he considered it an opportune
time to publish a map giving the exact north and east boundaries
of the state, an undertaking that heretofore it had been impossible
to accomplish. Three new counties had been incorporated since
Mr. Greenleaf's map of 1829, viz: Aroostook, Franklin and Pis-
catac^uis, consequently a new map of the state was needed.
Air. Deane was not a civil engineer, neither was he a cartogra-
pher, and the actual work of constructing and drafting his map
was done by another hand, although under his direction and super-
vision. ^Ir. Deane died the vear his first map was published,
(1839).
Mr. Williamson gives four editions of the Deane map, 1839,
1840, 1842 and 1843. I have seen and examined but two, viz: The
1840 and 1842. These are well executed, and are ,good examples of
map-making. The size is T)3^-7' and the engraving was done by
C. A. S'wett of Portland.
His great work in locating our disputed boundaries soon came to
naught, as the W'ebster-Ashburton treaty of 1842 changed ,the
location entirely, and his maps were of no further usefulness so
far as these were concerned. On account of this change, I assume
that the sale of his maps was much curtailed, and they are becom-
ing quite scarce. The work he intended to do was well performed,
but events beyond his control abridged its usefulness. K the
boundary had not been changed the map would have been of great
value, as it is they are of mucli historical interest in showing the
exact location of the bounds as claimed bv the state of ]\Iaine.
lo SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
Some Knights of the Road
By Charles E. Waterman.
It is a axiom with Boards of Trade and Chambers of Commerce
that transportation facihties make a town ; and looking back into
the past would indicate the slogan is not of recent origin.
A party of pioneers can make a settlement, but it takes years of
settlement with the slow accumulation of public utilities to make a
town. The original purposes for which towns were incorporated
were to support the unfortunate poor, to introduce and maintain
schools, and to build and maintain roads. The first is necessary
in any humane community and the second an investment for good
citizenship; but the third is, perhaps, the most valuable of the
three, for it presents a social and business opportunity for visiting
one's neighbors to observe and absorb advance ideas which mean
community progress. That this is true is easily confirmed in any
community which has been sidetracked by reason of location from
the great arteries of trafific and travel. They become stagnant.
The look Ijackward discloses the fact that in what is now the
State of Maine there was a time when there were no roads. The
first settlers picked their way on foot through forest trails to the
land they "took up." and for many years thereafter retraced them
on foot or on horseback to older settlements which had become
community centers. As more land was cleared, more cattle could
be kept. To clear land on any extended scale, the ox became a
necessity ; so the trails were widened into logging roads. With
these slow animals settlers did such traveling as they were obliged
to do.
In tlie earlier days, there were no mails, and consequently little
reading. As most of the settlers came from Massachusetts, their
theocratic opinions of that commonwealth were made manifest in
most households by the presence of a Bible. Without mails there
could be no newspapers and letter writing w^as nearly a lost art
among early settlers. On rare occasions letters were exchanged,
but they were likely to remain in outpost postofificcs for days and
weeks and many times months l)efore someone from the community
to which they were addressed arrived and called for such mail as
belonged to In'mself or neighbors.
SOME KNIGHTS OF THE RO AD 1 1
When the United States set up housekeeping and took her first
census in 1790, she found but a single postroad within the District
of Maine running along the Atlantic shore eastward from Boston,
as far as Wiscasset, and but two postoffices, one at Portland and
the other at Wiscasset. The latter office was established the very
year the census was taken, and the first postriders from Portland
to Wiscasset were John Smith Foye and Samuel Seavey.
The post route between Boston and Portland had been estab-
lished in 1775. William Wescott was the first mail carrier. He
traveled sometimes on foot and sometimes on horseback at first.
but later on horseback altogether. It was intended to be a weekly
service, but was in fact very irregular. A coach was put on as far
as Portland in 1787. It is related in AIcLellan's History of the
Town of Gorham, that the first chaise to travel east of Saco was
in 1777 when Stephen Gorham and wife visited relatives in Buxton.
As immigrants became more firmly settled in their wilderness
homes, and began to exchange their log cabins for frame houses
the desire for roads became more pronounced. The newly made
plantations and towns confiscated the logging roads running from
house to house, dug out the stumps and stones, filled up the mud
holes, and made culverts and bridges across watercourses. There
was a demand for trunk lines running through strings of towns
connecting them with seaports. That they should be as direct as
possible, required they should be laid out by some power not
interested in single towns but in the settlements as a whole; so this
power was first delegated to the courts.
In the western part of the District, all roads centered in Portland,
then as now the principal seaport ; and in that day people depended
■more on the sea for transportation and sustenance than at present.
The opening of communication between seaport and interior
awakened sleeping memories of settlers to the conventions of older
communities. They wanted to hear from relatives in longer settled
parts of the colonies, and from the world in general, so they
brushed up their handwriting and called for a postal service.
The first services in this line were post riders who traveled on
horseback (as most of the roads were yet unfit for vehicles') witii
saddlebags in which to stow away mail for the dift'erent postoffices.
They also maintained a private delivery of newspapers to patrons
along the route, for Portland had discovered the new life of her
neighbors and established a newspaper (The Falmouth Gazette in
12 S PRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
1785^- Each rider carried a long tin horn upon which he blew a
blast when approaching either a postoffice or private patron.
In 1793 a highway was laid out running from Portland through
the towns of Gray, New Gloucester, Greene, Monmouth, Winthrop
and Hallowell to Augusta, and from that settlement through Pitts-
ton and Pownalboro to Wiscasset. The next year \\'illiam Blossom
went on the route as postrider, making weekly trips. The first
coach was put on this line in 1806.
In i7(/; a route was laid out from Portland to P.ridgton. In
1802 this route was extended to Waterford. Jacob Howe was the
rider, and he traveled through the following towns : From Port-
land to Gorham, Standish, Raymond and Bridgton to Waterford,
and returning through Norway, Paris, Hebron, Poland, Nev/ Glou-
cester and Gray.
The local ])ostoffice followed the introduction of the postrider,
and the extension of routes is recorded cjuite accurately by the
dates of which local of^ces were established in the various towns.
The office in Augusta was established in 1794; Greene in 1796;
Lewiston in 1799; Waterford in 1800; Paris, Norway and Poland
in 1801.
The perfection attained by highways is also shown quite accu-
rately by the history of postal routes. The riders generally traveled
horseback for a decade or two after the routes were established.
In 1812 William Sawin, who was on the Waterford route, adver-
tised that he would travel with a light wagon and carry passengers
when asked to do so in advance. In 1820 he put on a four-horse
coach. The roads by that time had attained a degree of perfec-
tion suf^cient to accommodate such vehicles ; also the people had
began to travel to an extent warranting the introduction of a
coach. Beside carrying mail and passengers each driver did (piite-
an express business.
Mail carriers were advance agents of progress in more ways
than one. Not only did they introduce the local postofHce, but
the local store as well. The postoffice was the center of a com-
munity, and it was but a stej) from delivering mail to supplying
merchandise ; so the ])Ostoffice became the store as well, goods being
received largely via the mail coach.
One can rcadilv believe the first merchants were peddlers, travel-
ing on horseback witli saddlebags. Records of such callings are
not numerous but some have come down to us. For instance, ^lark
SOME KNIGHTS OF THE ROAD 13
Andrews was the first merchant of Turner, going from house to
house with saddlebags. In 1793 he had such things in his stock
as spelling-books, mouse traps, jewsharps, fish-hooks, jack-knives
and tacks.
As stores increased in size and number, merchandise became too
bulky for transportation on stage coaches and freight services were
introduced. There was another reason for the special freight ser-
vice. In early days money was not plenty and barter was an im-
|X)rtant element of trade. There was, therefore, merchandise to
transport not only from but to seaports, consequently in about the
third decade of the nineteenth century the freight wagon became an
established institution. As the pay was unusually large for the
times, ambitious young men sought employment in either the coach
or freight service. It was the writer's good fortune to know
some of these drivers in their later days and his early ones, espe-
cially freight drivers ; and as they have not been immortalized in
song and story to such an extent as coach drivers, some attention
will be paid to them here.
Many merchants in interior towns maintained their own freight
service. The motive power, generally was horse-flesh. The
wagons were large and roomy and, when loaded, required from four
to eight horses to haul them. Not only did these teams transport
merchandise for the firms owning them, but for smaller merchants
along the way. From Zadoc Long's diary, of the date of January
7, 1835, one learns that the father of Governor John D. Long, who
was a merchant in Buckfield at that time, sent four tons of dried
apple to Portland, receiving four and one-half cents a povmd for the
product.
At the time of the opening of roads, manufacturing had begun in
a small way, and the products of mills, kilns and shops found way
to Portland by these conveyances. Some of the smaller products
went by the regular freight wagons, but lumbermen generally
maintained teams of their own. There is evidence to believe that
a large portion of the lumber wagons were hauled by oxen. It
seems that the sons of Jacob Stevens, who settled in Turner in
1789, built a saw mill in Auburn, (or what ,was known at that time
as Bakerstown or Poland) still known as Stevens' Mills, and manu-
factured lumber for the domestic and export trade. The latter
was hauled to Portland with oxen according to the story told the
writer in his younger days by John Stevens, then an old man, who
14 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
had been one of the drivers. The distance was thirty-six miles.
j\Ir. Stevens said this means of transportation was not uncommon
before 1850.
Another freight driver, better known to the writer than any
other, Samuel I). Waterman, of Oxford, took up this occupation
before he was twenty years old. First he drove a freight wagon
from West Minot to Portland, then from Buckfield to that seaport.
At the latter place he was in the employ of Ephraim Atwood, an
old time merchant of Buckfield. His wagon was hauled by eight
horses. Fie had unusual skill in training horses and used no
reins in guiding his animals, they obeying his vocal commands much
as oxen do.
One of Mr. Waterman's fellow drivers, William Stone, was a
dashy fellow and a 'general favorite with the servants around hotels
or "tarvans," as they were then called, at which they stopped for
meals or lodgings.
A brief description of him will show the typical teamster of that
day. He was a dandy in dress, wearing "store clothes" in an age
when the general dress was homespun. In cold weather he wore a
thick overcoat of fancy tailoring, and protected his hands at all
times with gloves. Even when caring for his horses he affected
style by covering and protecting his clothes with a long frock,
gathered in at the waist by a red sash.
The driver of that day was a marked man. He was a traveler
when most people remained at home. He saw and heard things un-
known to rural inhabitants. He almost always developed into a
good story-teller and was welcomed at barroom firesides on that
account. If he possessed imagination he could rival Munchausen
in this art. for people who knew little of the outside world could
dis])ute nothing however improbable, and there was always a temp-
tation to see how much they would swallow. In short, the stage
and freight driver of that day in ]\Iaine occupied the same position
in social life his western counterpart did a generation or two later.
Mark Twain's description of the latter ]iroduct in "Roughing It"
can well a}>ply to the earlier members of the craft in Maine. He
says:
The sta^e driver was a hero — a great shining dignitary — the world's favor-
ite son — tlie env\- of the people — the observed of nations. When they
speak to him, they receive his insolent silence meekly, as being the proper
conduct of so great a man ; when he opens his lips they hang on his words
with admiration.
SOME KNIGHTS OF THE ROAD
In the older days, shipmasters became merchants, owning their
own vessels, and buying- and selling their own cargoes. Such men
were Captains Joseph Decker and Samuel Clough, of Wiscasset,
and Captain William Ladd, of Minot. In like manner freight
drivers became inland merchants, buying the freight they carried
and selling to small store keepers in the interior. Mr. Waterman
and Mr. Stone entered this business. They even traveled into Can-
ada with lines of goods.
The golden period of the passenger coach and the freight wagon
was between the years 1840 and 1850. In 1846 Grovenor Water-
house opened a daily stage line between Paris and Portland. The
same year the British mail was carried from Portland to Montreal
in twenty-six hours as against a previous record of thirty-two
hours. Even before the first date Maine people had begun to
dream of different and faster methods of transportation.
Those living on waterways had always enjoyed an advantage in
this respect, as sailing vessels had been able to work their way
some miles into the interior, and in 1807 Robert Fulton, by intro-
ducing steam power into their hulls, had greatly assisted develop-
ment along their banks. The first coast steamboat appeared in
Portland in 1823 and the next year one was placed in the Kennebec
River. The locomotive with its railed tracks was not far behind.
The first railroad was opened in England in 1825. the first one in
the United States in 1828 and the first one in Maine in 1836. These
innovations did not take instant hold of the people for it required
capital to build and operate them, and a considerable volume of
commerce to maintain them when built. The first railroads were
of necessity a long time investment.
As water transportation presented fewer difficulties in early days,
schemes for their improvement occupied public attention first.
Where navigable rivers did not exist canals were advocated.
In the western part of Maine, of which I am writing, the earliest
dream" of improved transportation was to connect its numerous
lakes with canals. This idea was considered as early as 1820, and
one of the acts of the first legislature of Maine was to charter The
Cumberland and Oxford Canal Company. The scheme contem-
plated connecting lakes as far north as Waterford. Work was
begun on this artificial waterway in 1828, and completed as far 'aS
Sebago Fake in 1831. With exception of improvements in the
Songo River, that was as far as it ever got, as the railroad fever
i6 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
took full possession of the people about this time. The canal was
discontinued in 1875.
Local historians of western Maine, occasionally disclose the
workings of this new germ. The first mention found is in 1835,
When a railroad connecting Portland with Montreal was agitated.
Surveys were made that year and committees were appointed in
small towns to influence the surveyors, if possible, to lay out the
line through their' respective towns. In 1837 the Portland, Saco
and Portsmouth Railroad was chartered and the road completed in
1842. The Grand Trunk Railway, or Atlantic &'St. Lawrence Rail-
road as it was then called, was chartered in 1845, as was also the
Portland & Kennebec Railroad and the Maine Central. Work was
begun on these roads at once.
It was then that the old stage coach gave up its life in a blaze
of glory. There was competition between Portland and Bos-
ton as a terminal for the new railroad, and advocates for each
city had rival routes surveyed, and in January, 1846, expresses,
carrying mail were started from each city. Orin Hobbs, dressed,
as the writer has been informed, in a blue suit, with silver quarter
dollars as buttons on the coat and silver dimes as buttons on the
waistcoat, took the Portland express as far as Norway, when it
was taken by Grovenor Waterhouse as far as Canaan, Vermont,
where it was taken by another messenger. The first stage was
made in two hours and forty-five minutes, the second in eleven
hours, and the whole distance between Portland and Montreal, some
more than three hundred miles, in twenty-six hours, shortening
any previous record by six hours. So the building of The Portland
& St. Lawrence Railroad was decided. It was begun in 1845 and
completed in 1853.
The building of railroads sounded the knell of long-distance
staging in Maine: and the old ideal coachmen of those times be-
came the first conductors on the railroads. The two drivers men-
tioned above, Hobbs and Waterhouse, served on the first Atlantic
& St. Lawrence trains.
The building of railroads was an incentive to manufacturing, and
the beginning of modern industry dates from that time. The con-
struction of railroads, dams and buildings opened another industry
by calling for explosives for cleveing rocks, and powder mills came
into existence. They had been in existence in a small way for
some time, but the increased demand for explosives increased the
SOME KNIGHTS OF THE ROAD 17
output. This opened a new field for freight drivers, for this ma-
terial had to be transported wherever railroads or towns were build-
ing, or quarries opened. This gave a romance to the business not
there before, because of the danger involved. Air Waterman,
mentioned above and Benjamin Chandler Rawson, of Paris, were
among those who entered this business and many adventures and
narrow escapes did they experience, such as traveling through forest
fires, etc., on the roads delivering these explosives. They were
employed by Messrs. Marble & Hubbard, of Paris, who owned
powder mills situated at North Buckfield.
The range of their travels were in northern New Hampshire and
Vermont, where railroads were building, and in central and south-
ern Maine. In the latter state, not only were railroads supplied,
but the lime quarries of Rockland and the slate quarries of Brown-
ville and Monson, then in the beginning of operations.
This transportation was far from easy, for many of the roads
traveled were little better than wood trails. If one desires an ade-
quate description of them, one only has to read Henry D. Thoreau's
"Maine Woods," about excursions made at this time. Of the prim-
itiveness of the times, Thoreau can be quoted. Of Monson, Mr.
\\'aterman's northern point, he has this to say : "At a fork in the
road between Abbott and Monson, about twenty miles from Moose-
head Lake, I saw a guide-post surmounted by a pair of moose-
horns, spreading four or five feet, with the word Monson painted
on one blade."
Considering the ever possible pyrotechnic display, this might be
called, periiaps, the brilliant exit of the freight service, for in a few
years the long-distance freight wagon had disappeared.
ANNUAL MEETING OF MAINE HISTORICAL SOCIETY
At the annual meeting of the Maine Historical Societ\' held at Brunswick
Tuesday, June 18, 1918, officers for the coming year were elected as follows:
President, James P. Baxter; vice president, Dr. Henry S. Burrage; treas-
urer, Fritz N. Jordan: recording secretary, Charles T. Libby ; corresponding
secretarj^, W. D. Patterson, librarian, Evelyn L. Gilmore ; standing com-
mittee, Prentice C. Manning, Judge George A. Emery of Saco, Judge George
E. Bird, Judge Clarence Hale, Frederick D. Conant, Charles A. Flagg,
Edward D. Noyes (in place of Henry Deering, deceased) Edward .A.. Butler
of Rockland (in place of General Selden Connor, deceased.)
The report of Evelyn L. Gilmore, the librarian, v/as important and
exceptionally interesting and entertaining. Her work is prol)ably not e.xcelled
by any one in a similar position in New England.
i8 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
An Alphabetical Index of Revolu-
tionary Pensioners Living
in Maine
(Compiled by Charles A. Flagg, Librarian Bangor (Maine)
Public Library.)
(Continued from page 266, Vol. 5.)
List.
Name.
Service
Rank.
Age.
County.
Remarks.
'35c
'40
'35d
'3oe
'35d
'35c
'40
'35d
'20
'35c
'40
1792
1794
'20
'35c
'35d
'40
'40
'35c
'35a
'35c
'35d
'40
'35c
'35c
'3od
'35c
'35d
•40
'20
'35d
'35c
'40
'35c
'40
'35c
'35c
•40
Beal, Daniel
Beal, Elizabeth J.
Beal, Job
Beal, Joseph .
Beales, Isaac.
Beall, Benjamin.
lieals, Lydia. . . .
Bean, Daniel . . . .
Bean, Ebenezer .
Bean, Ebenezer .
Bean, James R. .
Bean, John
Bean, John
Bean, Jonathan .
Bean, Josiah. . .
Bean, Margaret .
Bean, Oliver . . .
Bean, Samuel . .
Beans, John .
Bearce, Eleniezer. .
Bearce, Gideon. . . .
Bearce, Levi
Beckey, Magnus..,
Beckford, William .
Beckler, Daniel . . .
Beedle, Henry . . . .
Becman, .lohn . .
Belcher, Supply.
Bemis, Jacob
Bemis, Thaddeus.
Mass. line.
Mass. mil .
Mass.. line ,
Mass. mil .
N. H. line.
Mass. line.
R. I
Mass. line.
3dN.H.regt.
3d N. H.regt.
N. H
Mass. line.
N. H.line.
R. I. line. .
N. H. line.
Mass.
Mass.
line . .
state.
Mass
N. H.
Mass.
Mass.
Mass.
me. . .
line . .
mil . .
line . .
state.
Mass .
Mass.
line.
Mass. line .
Mass. line.
Benjamin, Samuel
Benner, Christopher
Mass.
Mass.
line .
line.
Private. .
Private and
Sergeant.
Private . . .
Fifer, mat-
ross and
drummer
Private. . . .
Private. ,
Private. .
Private. .
Corporal .
Corporal.
Private. .
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Liout . .
Marine.
Private. . .
Private. . .
Private. . .
Private . . .
Private. . .
Private. . . .
Priv'te and
Sergeant
Private. . . .
Private. . .
Lieut. . .
Private. .
72 Cumberland .
78'Cumberland .
74, Cumberland .
77jWaldo. . . .
74 Kennebec.
('20) Died Sept. 4,
1825.
Res. Freeport.
('20) Died Oct. 29,.
1830.
76 Lincoln ('20) d. July 26, 1823
Kennebec.
Oxford.
York .
York.
.Oxford .
75 Kennebec.
Res. Greene.
Died 1824.
('35a) Res. Hollis.
Wounded 1779. Pen-
sioned 1789.
Res. Washington.
('31b)same as Beans,
J.
('20) d. Nov.
1826.
('20, '31b).
19,
Oxford Res. Bethel
Kennebec.
Lincoln . . .
Kennebec .
Lincoln .
Oxford .
14,
Res. Readfield.
('20) d. Aug
1818.
Transf. from Mass.
1819. Same as Bean,
J. d. Nov. 12, 1832
('28 as Ebenezer)
d. May 3, 1827
Somerset .
82 Oxford AsBearseRes. Hebron
Oxford i('20) d. Dec. 17,
1826.
('20 as Becklev). d.
May 19, 1824.
York.
Oxford j('20)d.Sept.4, 1833.
York j
York I Res. .S. Berwick.
Same as Buman ?
Kennebec. .
82
76 Cumberland. ('20).
83 Cumberland. |Res. Pownal.
75 Oxford ('20).
81 Oxford Res. Frveburg.
82|Oxford ('20, '31b).
78 Washington.. I ('20).
84 Washington. . jRes. Donnytville.
REVOLUTIONARY PENSlOxXERS IN MAINE 19
List
Rank.
'35c
'40
'3oc
'3oc
'3.5c
'35cl
'40
'3od
'40
'40
'35d
'Sod
'35c
'35d
'35c
•40
'35c
'40
'35c
'35c
'35d
'40
'35c
'40
'35d
'40
'35d
'40
'35c
'40
'3od
'35d
'35d
'35d
'35d
'40
'35d
'35c
'40
'35c
'35d
'4C
'40
'35d
'35d
'35c
'35c
'35d
1794
1792
'35a
'40
'35d
'40
'35c
'35c
'35c
'31a
'35d
'40
'35c
'35c
'35d
'35c
'40
'35c
'35c
'35c
Benner, Peter.
Bennet,
Bennett
Bennett
Bennett
Benson,
Benson,
Benson,
Berdens
John
, Andrew. .
, Moses. . .
, Samuel.. .
Ichabod . .
Jeptha
Robert . . .
, Timothy.
Berry, Abif/nil . . . .
Berry, George. . .
Berry, Jonathan.
Berry, Joseph. . .
Berry, Josiah. . . .
Berry, Josiah . . . .
Berr\ , Josiah .. . .
Berry, Nathaniel .
Berry, Pelatiah. . .
Berry, Thomas. . .
Berry, Thomas. .
Berry, Timothy .
Berry, Timothy.
Berry, Zebulon. .
Besse, Jabez . .
Besse, Joseph .
Bessee, Ebenezer. . .
Bett, Amzi
Bettis, Jeremiah. . . .
Beveridge, Matthew
Bibber, James
Bickford, Benjamin
Bickford, John
Bickford, William...
Bickmore, John . . . .
Bicknell, Abner . . . .
Bicknell, Olive. . .
Bigge, David. . . .
Billings, Abel . . .
Billington, Issac.
Bisbee, Elisha. . .
Bishop, Enos. . . .
Bishop, Squire. .
Bishop, Srjuire, Jr.
Mass. line .
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. mil .
Mass. line. .
Mass. line. .
Mass. line. .
Mass. state .
Mass. line. .
Mass. line .
Mass. line.
Mass. line .
R. I. state.
Mass. line.
Mass. mil .
Mass. mil .
Mass. line.
Mass. line .
Mass. mil..
Mass. line.
Mass. mil .
Mass. mil..
Mass. mil. .
N. H. line.
Mass. line .
Mass. mil..
Bishop, Squire .
Bishop, Zadock.
Bishop, Zadoc. .
Biter, Peter. . . .
Black, Henry. .
Black, Joab. . . .
Black, Joseph. .
Black, Josiah.
Black, Moses .
Blackington, James
Blackston, William
Blackstone, John. .
Blackslone, Rebecca
Blackwood, James
Blair, James
Blake, Benjamin .
Mass. mil.. . .
Mass. mil.. . .
Mass. line. . .
Mass. line. . .
Mass. mil.. . .
M'Cobb's mil
regt.
S. Webb'srgt.
Blunt's Co..
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line .
Mass. state
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. mil.
N. J. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line .
Corporal .
Private. .
Private. .
Private. .
Private. .
Drummer.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private .
Private.
Private.
Private.
Lieut . .
Private. . . .
Private. . . .
Private. . . .
Private.
Private.
Private. . . .
Private. . . .
Priv'te and
Sergean t
Private. . . .
Private. . . .
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Lieut . .
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private. .
Private. .
Sergeant.
Private. .
Private.
Private.
Private.
.^ge.
Count.v.
Remarks
72 Kennebec. . ,
Cumberland ,
Waldo
Cumberland .
Somerset ...
Oxford
Hancock . . .
York
York
York
Kennebec . . .
York
York
Cumberland.
Lincoln
York
Kennebec . . .
Kennebec. . . .
Cumberland
Lincoln
Oxford
Oxford
Oxford
York
Cumberland
Cumberland
Kennebec . .
Kennebec
Oxford . .
Oxford . .
Somerset
Oxford . .
York
Waldo
Cumberland
Cumberland
Kennebec. . .
York
Lincoln
Waldo
Waldo
Waldo
Oxford
Oxford
Hancock ...
Kennebec. .
Oxford
Cumberland .
Kennebec. .
Kennebec . .
Kennebec. . ,
Kennebec . .
Kennebec. . .
York
Cumberland
York. . . .
York ....
Hancock .
Lincoln . .
Kennebec
Lincoln.. .
Lincoln ....
Washington.
Lincoln
Oxford
('20). d. Sept. 9,
1833.
Res. Brunswick.
r20).
{'20) d. Feb. 12, 1832
('20).
Died Aug. 1, 1S33.
Res. Brooksville.
Died July 1, 1833.
Same as Burdeen.
Res. S. Berwick.
Res. York.
("20, '31b).
(•20).
(•20).
Res. Limerick. .
(•20).
Res. Pittston.
(•20).
(•28). d. Jan. 27,
1828.
Res. Buckfield.
(•20)
Res. Cornish.
Res. Scarborough.
Res. Wayne.
(•20).
Res. Paris.
(•20 as Bettes).
Res. N. Yarmouth.
(•20).
Res. Lewiston.
(•20) d. Sept. 4,1832.
Res. Frankfort.
Res. Hartford.
Died Dec. 16, 1829.
(•20). d. Dec. 4, 1826
Wounded 1779. Res.
Washington.
Wounded 1779. Pen.
sioned 1792.
Res. Vassalborough.
Res. Leeds.
(•20)d.Mar. 4,1827.
(•20).
(•29, 'Sib).
Rejected on account
of amount of his
property.
(•31a).
Res. Limington.
(•20) d. Dec. 22,
1S29.
(•20).
(■20) d. Dec. 20,
1818.
Res. Richmond.
("20) d. -Mar. 1827.
(•20).
(•20).
^20 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
List.
Name.
Service.
Rank.
Age. County.
Remarks.
40 Blake, Deborah.
•35d
'35d
I
'40
'35d
'40
'35c
'35c
'40
'35d
'40
'35d
'40
'40
'35d
'40
'35d
'40
'31b
'35d
'35c
'35c
'31a
'35d
'40
'40
'35c
'40
'20
'35a
•40
'35c
I
'35c
'35c
'35c
'35c
'35c
'35c
'40
•35c
'35c
'40
'40
'35d
'35c
'35c
35c
'35d
'40
'35c
'35c
'40
'35c
'35d
Blake, James .
Blake, John. .
Blanchard, Theoph .
Blanchard, Timothy
Blancher, Theophilus
Blasdell, Daniel . . .
Blethen, Increase..
Blodget, Jonathan.
Blake, John. . .
Blake, John. . .
Blake, John. . .
Blake, Joseph.
Blake, Josiah . ,
Blake, Robert.
Blake, Willing.
Blanchard, Sarah.
Blanchard, Seth. .
Blanchard, Solomon
Blodget, Jonathan.
Blue, Hannah.
Boas, James. .
Booker, Aaron .
Boden, Theodore. .
Bodwell, Ebenezer.
Boeues, Samuel. . .
Boice, James
Bointon, Joseph. .
Bointon, Pelatiah.
Bois, John.
Bold en, John . .
Bolton, David .
Bolton, Solomon.
Bompus, Morris.
Bond, Jonas ....
Bonney, Isaac.
Bonneys, Isaac. . . .
Booden, Ebe:iezer.
Booden, Theodore.
Mass. state .
N. H. line. .
Mass. line .
Mass. line .
Mass. line.
Mass. mil..
Mass. line.
Mass. mil.. ,
R. I. mil.
R. I. line. .
Mass. line.
Mass. line .
Mass. line.
Private. . . .
Ensign and
Lieut.
Private.
Private. .
Corporal.
Private. .
Priv'te and
Sergeant.
Priv'te and
Art.
Private. . . .
Priv'te and
Sergeant.
Private. . . .
Private.. . .
Private.. . .
Private. . . .
70to
80
71
77 &
79
86
72!
801
00
76
80 1
82
87
72
78
86
74
81
72
77
79
70
86
76
N. H. line. . .[Private..
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Va. line . . .
N. H.line.
Mass. line.
N. H. line.
Va. line . . .
Mass. line .
Mass. line .
Mass. line .
Mass. line .
Mass. line.
R. Mine..
Mass. line.
N. H.line.
Mass. line.
Booffee, Thomas
Booker, Aaron . .
Booker, Anna . . .
Booker, Isaiah ' Mass. line
Booker, Josiah Mass. line
ri>-:lhby, ■ Uznheth
Boot'iby, William. . Mass. line
Bornhumcn, Jacob. . Mass. mil.
'40 'Boster, Jonathan .
Private.
Private. .
Corporal.
Private. . .
Mariner. .
Private. . ,
Private. .
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private. .
Private. .
Private. .
Ensign. .
Private. .
Private. .
Private. .
Private.. . .
Priv'te and
marine.
'35d Boston, Elijah Mass. line.
'35dj Boston, Shcbrufl. . . Mass. mil..
'35d Boston, Thomas.. . . Mass. line.
Private. .
Private..
Private. .
64
Cumberland
Cumberland
Penobscot . .
Penobscot . .
Kennebec. . .
Kennebec. . .
Cumberland
Cumberland
Franklin. . . .
Kennebec. . .
Kennebec. . .
Lincoln ....
Lincoln
Lincoln ....
Cumberland
Cumberland
Lincoln ....
Lincoln .
Lincoln.
Lincoln.
Lincoln.. .
Somerset .
Oxford
Oxford
Kennebec. .
Cumberland
York
Oxford .
Oxford .
Lincoln.
York
Oxford . . .
Kennebec.
Somerset .
Lincoln. .
Kennebec.
78 Penobscot . .
82 Penobscot. .
78 Oxford
74 Washington.
80,W:isl]iiigton.
8.j Oxford
Oxford . . . .
Hancock . .
Penobscot .
Lincoln.. .
York
Lincoln. . .
Somerset .
Kennebec.
York
York
Lincoln.. .
York.
York.
York.
York.
Res. Gorham.
("20, '31b).
Res. Brewer.
(■20).
Res. Gardiner.
('20).
Res. Phillips.
Res. Fayette.
('20).
Res. Warren.
Res. Richmond.
Res. N. Yarmouth.
Res. Dresden.
Same as Blancher.
('20, '31b).
('20) same as Blanch
ard.
('20) d. Feb. 4, 1829.
(■20).
Reg't. not on Con-
tinental establish-
ment.
Res. Gilead.
Res. Monmouth.
('20 as Boaz).
Same as Booker, A.
Res. York.
Same as Booden, T.
From Mass. in 1817.
Res. Andover.
Misspelled Rogues.
(•20).
('20 ship "Ranger").
Same as Boynton, J.
('20 as Boynton, P.)
Same as Boying-
ton, P. ?
('20) d. Mar. 16,
1833.
('20).
Same as Botton ? d.
Feb. 4, 1828.
Res. Orrington.
Same as Bumfries ?
Res. Robbinston.
Res. Sumner. Same
as following ?
Same as preceding ?
Same as Boden, T.
and as Bow den, T?
(•20) d. Jan. 10, 1820
Same as Booker, A.
Re.*. Richmond,
d. Feb. 27, 1833.
<'20) d. Feb. 27, 1823
Res. Limerick.
(•20. 31b).
Same as Burnheimer.
Same as Baston, J. ?
Res. Kenncbunk.
('20, '31b).
Same as Baston, T.
REVOLUTIONARY PENSIONERS IN MAINE 21
List.
Name.
Service
Rank.
Age.
County.
Remarks.
'40 !
77
74
79
76
York
Washington. .
Washington. ,
Somerset ....
Res. Kennebunkport
('20).
Res. Dennysville.
(■20).
'35c Bosworth, Daniel. . .
•40 1
Mass. line. . .
Private.. . .
'35c
'20
Bosworth, Jonathan
Botton, David
Bouden, Amos
Boulter, Nathaniel. .
Bourne, John
Bowden, Amos
Mass. line. . .
Mass
Mass
Mass
Mass. mil . . .
Mass line. . . .
Private. . .
'20
'20
'3od
'35c
'40
Private. . .
Private. . . .
74
62
76
76
77
75
York
Hancock
Hancock . . . .
Waldo
Waldo
Penobscot . . .
Same as Bouden, A.
d. Dec. 23. 1823.
'40
Res. Penobscot.
'40
'35c
'20
Bowers, Benjamin. .
Bowing, Jabish
Bowing, Jabish
Mass. line . . .
N. H
Mass. line. . .
Private. . . .
Private. . . .
Transf. from Cale-
donia Co. Vt. 1825
'35c
'40
Private. . . .
77
82
71
77
81
82
Somerset ....
Somerset ....
Washington. .
Washington. .
Kennebec . . .
Somerset ....
'35c
'40
Bowker, Levi
Boyd, Samuel
Mass. line. . .
Private. . . .
('20).
'35d
'40
Mass. line . . .
Priv'te and
Drummer
'28
Res. Mercer.
'29
Boynton, Joseph. . .
Boynton, Joseph. . . .
Bracey, James
Bracket, Joshua. . . .
Bracket, Joshua. . . .
Bracket, Josiah
Bracket, Peter
Bracket, William. . .
Brackett, James. . . .
N. H. line. ..
3d N. H. line.
Mass. line. . .
Mass. state. .
Mass. mil. . . .
Mass. line. . .
Mass. line. . .
Mass. state . .
Mass. mil.. . .
'35e
'35c
'35d
'35d
'35c
'35d
'35d
'35d
'40
Lieut
Private. . . .
Private. . . .
Private. . . .
Private. . . .
Pvt. of Art.
Priv'te and
Sergeant
Private. . . .
91
76
72
64
78
82
70
76
83
79
82
78
York
York
York
York
Cumberland
Cumberland
Oxford
Oxford
Franklin
Cumberland
Cumberland
York
York
ton, J.
(■20).
Same as Brackett, J.
Same as Brackett, J.
Same as Brackett, J.
d. Aug. 8, 1820.
Same as Brakett,
W.
("20).
'35d
'40
Brackett, John
Mass. line. . .
Private. . . .
('20, '31b).
'40
• '40
Res. Acton.
'20
Res. Limington.
'35d
'40
Brackett, Nathan.. .
Mass. state. .
Private. . . .
80
55
89
77
73
76
82
89
72
74
Oxford
Kennebec. . . .
York
Kennebec. . . .
Lincoln
Cumberland
Cumlierhuid
Kennebec . . .
Kennebec. . .
Franklin
Res. Clinton
'35d
'35d
'35c
'35d
'40
Bradan, Robert. . . .
Bradbury, Paul. . . .
Bradford, Elijah....
Bradford, Peabody.
Mass. state. .
Mass. line. . .
Mass. line. . .
Mass. line. . .
Private. . . .
Priv'te and
Corporal
Private. . . .
Corporal.. .
Died Jan. 4, 1833.
Died Nov. 23, 1829.
(■20).
Re* Minot
'35d
'35d
'40
Bradford. Peter. . . .
Bradley, Samuel.. . .
Mass. mil.. . .
Mass. line. . .
Sergeant.. .
Private. . . .
Died Jan. 11, 1834.
1792
Bradstreet, Dudley.
Brag, Nicholas
Invalid's regt
Col. Francis'
regt
Mass. line, . .
1794
sioned 1792.
Res. Portland.
'35c
'40
Private. . . .
82
86
74
83
78
99
86
77
74
80
71
76
Cumberland
York
Penobscot . . .
Penobscot . . .
Oxford
York
York
York
Cumberland
Cumberland
York
Kennebec. . . .
Same as Bray, N. ?
'35c
'40
Bragdon, Aaron. . . .
Bragdon, Arthur . . .
Bragdon, Daniel. . . .
Bragdon, Ezekiel . . .
Mass. line. . .
Private. . . .
Same as Bragdon,
(■20) d. Oct. 22, 1S32
'35d
'35c
'35c
'35c
Mass. line. . .
Mass. line . . .
Mass. line. . .
Priv'te and
Corporal
Private. . . .
Private. . . .
Private
Private. . . .
('20, '31b).
("20) d. 1821.
("20) d. June 19,
1827.
'35c
'40
Bragdon, John, 2d . .
Mass. line. . .
den, J. ?
(•20).
'35d
'35c
Bragdon, John
Bragg, Joab
Mass. line . . .
Mass. line . . .
Private. . . .
Private. . . .
(•20).
22 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
List
Name
Service.
Rank.
'40
'35d
Brapo, Lydia ....
Brainard, Church.
Brakett, William.
'35d
'40
'3oc
1794
'35c
'40
'40
'40
'35d
'40
'35d
'40
'40
'35d
'35c
'40
'35c
'40
'40
'40
'35c
'35d
•35d
'35c
'35c
'40
'35d
'35c
'35c
'40
'35c
'35e
'35d
'35c
'35c
'40
'35d
'35d
'35c
'35c
'35c
'40
'35d
'40
'35d
'40
'35c
'35c
'40
'35c
'35c
'35c
'35c
'40
'35d
'35c
'35c
'35d
'40
'35c
'35d
•35c
Brand, Jeremiah.. . .
Branscomb, Rebecca.
Branscum, Charles..
Brawn, Daniel ,
Bray, Joseph. . .
Bray, Nicholas.
Mass. line . . .
Col. E.Phin-
ney's mil. rgt
Mass. line. . .
Breck, Patience. . .
Breman, Aaron. . .
Breth, Amzi
Brewster, Darius.
Brewster, Lucy . . .
Bridgeham, John.
Bridges, Daniel.. .
Bridges, Edmund.
Bridgham, John. .
Brid'jham, Lucy. . .
Bridgham, Samuel.
Bridgham, William.
Briggs, Abner
Briggs, Aden
Briggs, Jesse
Briggs, Naomi. . . .
Briggs, Samuel. . . .
Briggs, William . . .
Brimigion, Thomas
Briniyion, Thomas.
Britt, John
Britton, John. . . .
Brocklebank, Joseph
Brooks, Samuel. . .
Brooks, Sanmel, 2d
Brooks, Widoic of Sa
Brooks, Solomon
Brooks, William.
Brown, Amos . . ,
Brown, Amos, 2d
Brown, Andrew.
Brown, Andrew .
Brown, Andrew .
Bi own, Asennth .
Brown, Cyril. . . .
N. H. state.
Mass. mil..
Mass. line.
Cont. navy .
Mass. line.
N. H. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. mil..
R. I. line. .
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line .
Md. line.. . .
4th Va. line.
Mass. mil.. .
Mass. line. .
Mass. line. .
rnuel
Mass. line. .
Mass. mil. . .
Mass. line. .
Mass. line . .
Mass. line . .
Priv'te and
marine
Private. . ,
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Seaman .
Sergt. and
Ensign
Private. .
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private. .
Captain .
Brown, Cyril. . .
Brown, David. .
Brown, Enoch .
Brown, Enoch .
Brown, Ezekiel.
Brown, Ezekiel.
Brown, Jacob. . . .
Brown, Jacob ....
Brown, James. . . .
Brown, James. . . .
Brown, James. . . .
Brown, James, 2d.
Brown, Jeremiah.
Mass. state.
Miiss. mil.. .
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Va. line. . .
Mass. mil..
Private. . .
Private. . .
Private. . .
Sergeant..
Private. . .
Private. .
Private. .
Private. .
Private. .
Private. .
Private.
Priv'te and
Sergeant
Private. .
Private. .
Surgeon.
Suigeon.
Private. .
Private. .
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Age.
County.
Remarks.
Kennebec.
Kennebec
Oxford .
75
71
79
70
76
89
80
&74
72
79
71
77
86
74
71
78
71
67
75
78
70
83
79
85
Lincoln. .
Hancock .
Hancock .
Somerset ...
Somerset. . .
Cumberland
Kennebec. . .
Cumberland.
Oxford
Lincoln
Lincoln ....
Waldo
Cumberland
York
York
Hancock . . .
Hancock . . .
Cumberland
Cumberland
Oxford
Cumberland
Cumberland
Somerset ...
Oxford
Oxford
Somerset. . .
Kennebec. .
Lincoln.
Lincoln .
Kennebec. .
Lincoln
Cumberland
York
Oxford
Oxford
York
York
Oxford
Oxford
Lincoln
Kennebec . .
Cumberland
Waldo
Hancock . . .
84 Waldo
80 Tiincoln
82 Peiicib.>^cot. .
SO !'i^c:it;L(|uis.
90 Kcnndjcc. .
7Si Hanccck . .
76! Lincoln
73 Oxford
83: York
74|York
74' Lincoln ....
74 I York
74 1 Kennebec. . .
79| Kennebec. . .
70 CuinVierland
77 Vork
74 Kennebec. .
Res. Vassalborough.
Same as Bracket,
W. Res. Dixfield
or Peru.
Res. Mt. Desert.
('20 as Branscom).
d. Sept. 18, 1825.
Wounded 1777. Res.
York.
(•20).
Res. Anson.
Res. Harrison. ('20).
Same as Brag, N.?
Res. China.
Res. Paris.
1
'Res. Thomaston.
'Res. Camden.
Same as Bridgham,.
1 J-
I ('20).
Res. York,
!('20).
Res. Castine.
('20) Same as Bridge
ham. Res. Minot.
Res. Minot.
('20 as Bridgman.)
(20).
('20) d. Feb. 14, 1828
('20) d. Feb. 8, 1833.
Res. Paris.
('20) d. Aug. 11,
1819. H- -^r^
('20) same as Brin-
iyion.
Same as Brimigion.
Res. Bowdoin.
(•20) d. 1833.
('20) d. June, 1826.
('20) d. Apr. 1825.
Res. Porter.
('20) d. Dec 1827.
('20) d. Jan. 11, 1826
Res. Litchfield.
(•20).
Res. Palermo.
('31a as Cyrel).
Res. Searsmont.
('20).
('20).
Res. Sebec
('20, '31b as private)
Perhaps identical
with iireceding.
('20) d. Dec 2, 1S31?
Died Dec. 2, 1831 "?
Res. Parsonsfield.
(•20).
Died Jan. 28, 1827.
(■20).
Res. Winthrop.
('20).
(•20).
Died Oct. 22, 1822.
REVOLUTIONARY PENSIONERS IN MAINE
23
List.
Name.
Service.
Rank.
Age.
County.
Remarks.
•3.5d
'40
'40
'35c
'40
'28
'3oc
'35d
'40
'3.5d
'40
'35c
'35c
'40
'35c
'35d
'28
'35d
'40
'35c
■35d
'35d
'40
•35c
'31a
'35c
'20
'40
'40
'40
'35<>
'35d
'35d
'40
'35c
'40
'35d
'35c
•35d
'40
'35c
'20
'35c
'40
Brown, .Jonathan. . .
Brown, .Jonathan. . .
Brown, Mary
Brown, Moody
Brown, Moody
Brown, I^eter Wyer.
Brown, Peter W. . . .
Brown, Samuel
Brown , Thaddeus
Mass. line. .
Mass. line .
Ensign .
Mass. line. . . Ensign.
Mass. line. . . Private.
Mass. mil.
Brown, Thomas.
Brown, William. .
Brown, William .
Brownwell , Ichabod
Bruckett, James.
Bryan Joseph . . .
Bryant , Abijah . .
Bryant, Abijah . .
Bryant , Daniel. .
Bryant , John . . .
Bryant, Joseph. .
Cont. navy ,
Mass. line. .
Mass. line .
Mass. line.
Mass. state .
Mass. line.
Mass. mil .
Mass. mil. .
Bryant. Stephen. .
Buck, Moses
Buman, John . . . .
Bumfries, Morris.
Bumps, Shubal. . .
Bumpus, Hannah.
Bum^'US, Huhlah..
Bumpus, Shubael. .
Burbank, Eleazer.
Burbank, John . . .
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass
Mariner.
Private..
Private. . . .
Pvt.of Art
2d Lieut. .
Private. . . .
Private., .
Pvt of Art
Priv'te and
Q. M.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Lincoln . . .
Lincoln. . .
Ivennebec .
Oxford . . .
York
Cumberland
Oxford
Oxford
Oxford
Oxford
York
79 Lincoln
80! Lincoln ....
SSjKennebec. .
79iCumberland
74|Oxford
79|Oxfcrd
75lYork
69 Washington.
75 Cumberland
Cumberland
York
70 Kennebec.
Burdeen, Timothy.
Burgese, K eziah .
Burgess, David. .
Burgess, Edward . .
Burgess, Jonathan.
Burkman, Thomas.
Burkmar, Thomas.
Burnell, .John
Burnheimer, Jacob.
35d Burr, Daniel .
'31b
'35c
'35d
'35c
'40
'35d
'35d
'35d
'40
'40
'35c
'35e
'35d
'35d
'35c
Burr, David
Burr, Joseph
Burrell, Humphrey
Burrell, John. . .
Burrill, John. . . .
Burrill, Noah . . .
Burton, Thomas.
Burton, William.
Bussel, Isaac. . . .
Bussell, Isaac
Bussell, Isaac
Bussell, Jonathan. .
Butland, Jesse. . . .
Butland, Nathaniel
Mass. line.
Mass. line .
Mass. St. navy
Mass. state. .
Mass. line.
Mass. line .
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Conn
Mass. line .
Filer
Musician . .
Mariner,
Sergt. and
Master
at Arms
Private.
Private. . . .
Private. . . .
Priv'te and
Sgt. Maj.
Lieut .
Lieut .
Private.
Mass. line. . . I Private.
Mass. line .
Mass. line .
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. mil .
Mass. state.
Mass. line .
Mass. line .
Mass. mil..
Mass. mil..
Mass. line.
Waldo .
Oxford .
Oxford .
Waldo.
Kennebec.
York
88 York.
70; York.
SOi Kennebec.
72 Somei'set .
85
75 &
73
81
82
72
Private. . . .
Private. . . .
Pvt. Gun-
ner & Corp.
Private. . . .
Sergeant. . .
Pvt. Corp.
& Lieut.
Private. . . .
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Kennebec.
Kennebec.
Kennebec.
Hancock. .
Somerset.
Lincoln . .
Kennebec.
Kennebec. .
Somerset . . .
Penobscot. .
Piscataquis.
Somerset. . .
Lincoln
Lincoln
Lincoln
Washington.
63: Washington.
Washington.
73 j Kennebec. .
77 York
84 York
Res. Bowdoinhani.
Res. Monmouth.
(■20).
Res. Cornish.
('20)d.Feb. 28, 1830
('20).
Res. Oxford.
Res. Waterford.
('20,"Dean" frigate)
('20).
Res. Bath.
Died 1823.
Invalided.
Res. Hartford.
('20).
.('31a).
Res. Baldwin.
('20) d. 1823.
Deserted.
Same as Beeman ?
Same as Bompus.M?
Same as Bumpus, S.
Res. Thorndike.
Res. Hebron.
Res. Paris.
('20) same as Bumps
S.
('20, '31b as Ebe
nezer.)
('20 Ship "Good
Richard" '31b.)
Res. Lyman.
('20) Same as Ber-
dens, T.
Res. Wayne.
('20, '31b) d.
11, 1832.
('20) d.Jan. 12, 1831
(■20).
Nc
Res. Vassalborough.
Same as following ?
d. May, 1826
Same as preceding ?
('20) d.Jan. 14, 1823
Same as Bornhumen.
Res. Waldoboro.
('20) d. Mar. 15.
1834.
Same as preceding.
(■20).
(■20).
(■20).
Res. Sangerville.
('20 as Burrell).
Res. Cushing.
('20) same as Bus-
sell, I. ? Res. Co-
lumbia.
Same as Bussel, I. ?
('20 as Nathan) d.
Feb. 18, 1834.
24
SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
List
Name.
Service
Butler, Nathaniel .
Butler, Nathaniel, .
Butler, Phineas. . . .
'35di Butler, Moses.
'35c
'35d
'35c
'40
'35c
'35d
'40
'35d
'35d
'35d
'35d
'35c
Butman, Benjamin.
Butterfield, Jesse. .
Butterfield, Jesse.
Buxton, William..
Buzzell, James . . .
Byram, Ebenezer .
Byram, Jonathan .
Byram, Melzar. . .
Mass. state .
Mass. line . .
Mass. mil.. .
Mass. line. .
Mass. line .
Mass. line.
Mass. mil..
Mass. mil..
Mass. line.
Mass. line .
Mass. line.
Rank.
Private. .
Private. .
Private. .
Private. .
Private
Corp. and
Sgt.at arms
Private. . .
Drummer.
Private. . .
Private. . .
Private. . .
Age.
County.
Hancock . . .
Cumberland
York
Lincoln
Lincoln
Penobscot . .
Kennebec. .
Franklin.. . .
Cumberland
York ,
Kennebec. . .
Cumberland
Cumberland
Remarks.
Died May 21, 1824.
('20).
Res. Thomaston.
{'20) ('35d).
Res. Farmington.
r31b) d. Nov. 27,
1833.
('20).
('20).
Maine's Montpelier.
MAINE'S MONTPELIER.
In the village of Thomaston, Maine, near the Maine Central
railroad station stands a large boulder, one side of which has been
hewn to a smooth surface and bears this inscription : —
Montpelier. The home of Gen. Henry Knox, first secretary of war, stood
on the brow of this hill overlooking the bay, from 1793 to 1871.
It is the last memento of a once magnificent mansion. It was
the home of one of the famous generals of the American Revolution.
This, the most precious relic of that revolution, or of any historic
period that Maine ever had was sacrificed to commercial interests.
Its destruction was a shame. It was a disgrace to her fair name.
It was an outrage upon her highest ideals and a crime against
patriotism.
AUGUSTINE SIMMONS 2^
Augustine Simmons
By Elmer W. Sawyer.
Judge Augustine Simmons was born at Topsham, Maine, Feb-
ruary 20, 1849. His parents were James D. and Ann C. (Rogers)
Simmons. James D. Simmons was a lawyer and practiced in
Brunswick and Bath. It is probably due to this early environment
that Judge 'Simmons also selected the law as his profession.
James Simmons moved his family to Brunswick in 1852. From
that time until his death Judge Simmons considered Brunswick his
"home town." It was there that he spent his boyhood. It was
there that he received his early education. All through his life he
kept up his intimate acquaintance with Brunswick people.
In 1866 he left the public schools of Brunswick and under the
instruction of Rev. A. D. Wheeler began to prepare himself for
college. In 1867 he entered Bowdoin College. In 1869 he was
compelled to leave Bowdoin in order to earn money to complete his
education. It was not until 1881 that he was graduated from col-
lege. In the meantime he had studied a short time at Bates College
and had completed the work required at Bowdoin. In 1881 he was
given a diploma which made him a graduate of Bowdoin with the
class in which he commenced the course.
When he was compelled to suspend his studies at college he took
up teaching, not only because it offered the best solution of his
problem, but because teaching appealed to him. His first school
was Anson Academy at North Anson. He was principal of that
institution four consecutive years, beginning in 1870, except for
one term which he taught at Derby Academy, in Hingham, Massa-
chusetts.
On August 7, 1877, he was admitted to the Kennebec County Bar
after having completed his studies with E. W. & F. E. McFadden,
a law firm in Fairfield. After his admission to the bar he was
editor of the Fairfield Journal for nearly a year. He resumed
teaching for a short period before he began actual law practice.
Twelve years of his life he spent teaching. He taught thirteen
different schools among which were Anson Academy, Derby Acad-
emy, Fryeburg Academy, Oak Grove Seminary and Fairfield High
School.
26 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
His actual practice of law began on November 24, 1880, when
he opened a law office at North New Portland. From his first
visit to North Anson in 1870 he had been strongly attracted to the
little village. There were four lawyers in active practice at North
Anson in 1870, which induced him to open an office at North New
Portland. North New Portland was as near North Anson as he
could practice without competing with the North Anson attorneys.
However, in the following May he gave up his office at North
New Portland and opened an office at North Anson. The com-
petition was keen as his office was the fifth law office in the small
village. For several years his practice was the old story of the
young lawyer — a living. Ikit as the years went by his practice
increased. One by one the other offices were discontinued until he,
alone, remained. He had practiced in North Anson village nearly
thirty-eight years, when his work was finished on October 24, 1917-
During his years of practice Judge Simmons attained distinction
in his profession. He was Judge of the Probate Court of S'omerset
County eight years, from 1904 to 19 12. The vote he received in
each election was a personal tribute to his ability, and the manner
in which he ran ahead of his ticket demonstrated the esteem in
which he was held even in the rank of the opposition. This is the
only public office ever held by Judge Simmons, although he was
frequently urged to become a candidate for the office of attorney
general, and once at least was selected for nomination as a Justice
of the Supreme Judicial Court when the next vacancy should occur.
Judge Simmons did not desire office. It was a common saying of
his when urged to become a candidate: — "The only office I want is
law office."
In religious belief Judge Simmons was a Unitarian. In politics
he began life a Democrat. He remained a Democrat until Cleve-
land was refused the nomination of his party for a second term.
He then became a Republican and remained a Republican as long
as he lived. It required courage to make the change, because like
all men in prominent positions in life who do likewise, he was not
free from accusation of ulterior purpose. As a Republican he
served as a member of tlie Republican County Committee for
Somerset County, and for four years was a meml)cr of the Re-
|)ublican State Committee.
judge Simmons was made a ]\Iason May 11, 1871. He was a
member of Northern Star Lodge, F. and A. ]\I., No. 28, of North
AUGUSTINE SIMMONS 27
Anson, and in 1882 was Master of that Lodge. He was also a
member of Somerset Chapter Royal Arch Masons, Mount Moriah
Council and of De ]\Iolay Commandery, K. T., all of Skowhegan.
He was also a member of Kora Temple, ^Mystic Shrine.
He was a direct descendant of John and Priscilla Alden and was,
for several years, a member of Alden Kindred of America. He
was also a descendant of Philippe Delanois. a French Huguenot,
who came to this country on the Fortune. For several years Judge
Simmons had been a member of the Society of ^layflower De-
scendants of Elaine, and on November 21, 1913, was elected Gov-
ernor of the Society, which office he held one year.
Comm. Franklin S'immons, of Rome, Italy, the well known Amer-
ican sculptor, who created the Logan Equestrian Alonument and
the Peace Monument wdiich now stand on Pennsylvania Avenue
in Washington, D. C., was a cousin of Judge Simmons. Although
ten years separated their ages. Judge Simmons and Franklin Sim-
mons were very intimate, an intimacy which began when they
were boys and lasted until the sculptor's death in 1913.
On November 22, 1872, Judge Simmons was united in marriage
to Alice Patten Gahan of North Anson, the eldest daughter of
James S. and Maria (Moore) Gahan. Mrs. Simmons' lovable
nature and kindly disposition contributed largely to Judge Sim-
mons' success both as a teacher and in his later life, making pos-
sible successes which, without her assistance, he could not have
attained. They had no children but the greater part of their mar-
ried life was spent in helping the children of others in less happy
circumstances.
In Maine Judge Simmons was regarded as one of the strongest
lawyers. Although he always practiced in a small village, his abil-
ity was recognized everywhere. He was ever ready to assist the
young lawyer, and in his office several young men were fitted for
the bar. His popularity with the profession as well as with every-
one else was truly remarkable. He was especially a favorite with
young people, who went to him with their joys and their sorrows.
Even in his advanced years he was one of them.
His command of language, coupled with his originality of ex-
pression and his eccentricities of manner, made him a real char-
acter, a lawyer of the old school, about whom anecdotes will be
told as he was wont to tell them about others.
28 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
About the U. S. Census in Maine
for the Year 1800
Dear Editor Sprague :
I have been trying to snatch time to complete a very interesting
phase of the U. S. census for 1800, as it pertains to Maine. Have
copied the details at Washington and put into form for your
magazine.
The most remarkable thing in the whole 1800 census of the U. S.
13 the fact that Geo. Halliburton, enumerator for towns on Penob-
scot Bay and River, had a "tail-end" column put onto his schedules,
headed "From Whence Emigrant Came." So, in 1800, he got first
hand answers from the pioneers as to where they came from when
they settled Fox Islands (Vinalhaven), Deer Isle, Isle au Haut,
Penobscot, Castine, Islesboro, Orland, Belfast, Prospect, Bucks-
town (Bucksport), Ducktrap, Canaan, Northport, Frankfort, No.
Harwick, Goose Pond Settlement, Colburnton, Sunkhaaze, Bangor,
Eddington, Davistown, Quantabacook, Conduskeag, Hampden and
Nos. 2 & 3 back of Hampden, Ohio, College Town and No. 3, ist
Range.
Now that I am at it, Mr. Editor, I think I will add a little more
so that the public may have this nuich while awaiting my fuller
article. I want to say that if we had had more George Hallibur-
tons during the taking of the 1800 (2nd) census thousands of ques-
tions that have gone unanswered would have easily been disposed
of and millions of dollars worth of historic-geneological research
for origin of pioneers in different parts of the Union would have
been saved.
In looking over Halliburton's schedules the thing which impresses
the reader most is that nearly the whole of the Penobscot River
territory was settled from Cape Cod, and the wonder is that anyone
was left on the Cape. Old York and Cape Ann came in frequently,
and then a list sifts in between these showing stragglers from
everywhere. For instance : the extensive Grindle family of
Brooksville (old Penobscot and Castine) spent money and research
time for years to ascertain where the first Cirindle immigrated from
to the Penobscot. They surrendered the problem as a failure until
I informed them, this summer, that he was from Dover, N. H. ; a
THE U. S. CENSUS IN MAINE 29
place somewhat ofif the track in the general line of research for
pioneers to this section.
In the 1800 census George Halliburton (this the way he spelled
his name) records himself as in Castine, from Nova Scotia, and
the checking of his family shows himself and wife to have been
between the ages of 26 and 45 years. With them were three males;
one between i and 10 years old, one between 16 and 26 years old,
and one between 26 and 45 years ; plus two females ; one between 16
and 26 and another between 26 and 45 years of age.
Biographer A. W. H. Eaton, in his compilation of "Old Boston
.Families" says of the "Haliburton Family," (p. 66, Jan. 1917, N. E.
Hist, and Gen. Reg.) that George (George Andrew) Haliburton
was b. at Horton, N. S., 1767; living in 1843, when he is called
"of Maine" and practically ends his knowledge of this man here. I
will leave him, or anyone interested to know more, the above clue
to further history of this member of the Haliburton family who
distinguished himself as being sagacious enough to see the need of,
and to preserve for posterity, the recording of the origin of our
Penobscot Bay and River families as denoted above.
Castine records will give further light, no doubt, of the final out-
come of George and his family.
B. LAKE NOYES.
One hundred and fifty-six years ago. Dr. Samuel Johnson, in
"Rasselas," w-rote the following which, in the light of war methods
of today seem prophetic :
If men were all virtuous I should with great alacrity teach them to fly.
But what would be the security of the good if the bad could at pleasure
invade them from the sky? Against an army sailing through the clouds
neither walls, mountains nor seas could offer security. A flight of savages
might hover in the wind and light with irresistible violence upon the capital
of a fruitful region.
The Journal is indebted to Mr. Henry M. Packard of Guilford,
Maine, for gifts of several valuable Maine documents of a century
ago, for which we extend our sincere thanks. Mr. Packard has
also contributed a list of officers and members of York county
teachers institute for 1851, which will appear in our next issue.
30 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
More About Rev. Samuel Moody
Reference in the Journal (V^ol. 5, pp. 217-18) was made to Rev-
erend Samuel Moody locally known as "Parson" Moody and who
flourished in York, Maine more than two hundred years ago.
Laura E. Richards in her latest book "Abagail Adams and her
Times," quotes the following in a letter from Abigail's husband to
her. John Adams was the second President of the United States,
and when a young man made frequent visits to Falmouth and
York, Maine.
This town of York is a curiosity, in several views. The people here are
great idolaters of the memory of their former minister. Mr. Moody. Dr.
Sayward* says and the rest of them generally think, that Mr. Moody was
one of the greatest men and best saimts who have lived since the days of
the Apostles. He had an ascendency and authority over the people here,
as absolute as that of any prince in Europe, no't excepting his holiness.
This he acquired by a variety of means. In the first place he settled in
the place without any con'tract. His professed principle was that no man,
should be hired to preach the Gospel, but that they should depend on the
charity, generosity and benevolence of the people. This was very flattering
to their pride, and left room for their ambition to display itself in an
cnmlalion among them which should be the most bounMrul and ministerial.
In the next place, he acquired the character of firm trust in Providence. A
number of gentlemen came in one day, when they had nothing in the house.
His wife was very anxious, they say, and asked him what they should
do. Oh, never fear, trust Providence, make a fire in the oven and you will
have something. Very soon, a variety of everything that was good was
sent in, and by one o'clock they had a splendid dinner.
He also had the reputation of enjoying intimate communication with the
Deity, and of having a great interest in the Court of Heaven by his prayers.
He always kept his musket in order and was fond of hunting. On a time,
they say, he was out of provisions. There came along two wild geese. He
takes his gun and cries, "If it please God, I will kill both, I will send the
fattest to the poorest person in the parish." He shot and killed both ; or-
dered them plucked and then sent the fattest to a poor widow, leaving the
other, which was a very poor one at h'ome — to the great mortification of
his lady. But his maxim was, Perform unto the Lord thy vow.
But the best story I have heard yet was his doctrine in a sermon from this
text, "Lord, what shall we do?" The doctrine was that when a person or
people are in perplexity and know not what to do, they ought never to do
they know not what. This is applicable to the times.
(•') See the Jonrnal (vol. i. pp. 148) for "Notes on Judge Jonathan
Sayward of York, Maine," by Honorable Frank D. Marshall. Was "Dr."
Sayward the same person referred to by Mr. Marshall? Will not some one
of the many who are well versed in the history of the old York families
inform us?
(EDITOR.)
PENOBSCOT COUNTY ORGANIZATION 31
Referring to the Organization of
Penobscot County
Contributed by Honorable Charles W. Stephens, Old J own, Maine.
Hancock, ss.
Circuit Court of Common Pleas.
Nov. Term, A. D., 1816.
The undersigned. William Abbott. Job Nelson and Bradshaw Hall, ap-
pointed by the Circuit Court of Common Pleas for the County of Hancock
a Committee on the part of said County, and Thomas A. Hill, appointed by
the Circuit Court of Common Pleas for the County of Penobscot on the
part of that County to settle and adjust in an equitable manner the sub-
sisting claims of said Counties respectively conformably to the provisions
of an act entitled 'An Act for dividing the County of Hancock and estab-
lishing a new County by the name of Penobscot," beg leave to report
That the amount of Cash in the hands of the Treasurer of the
County of Hancock, April i, 1816, was >^i,23i «,£
That the amount of taxes outstanding at that time for the year
^^^^ ^^'^* 542 93
That the amount of taxes outstanding for 1815 was 2,095 22
That there has been received by said Treasurer, since the first
of April aforesaid from Mason Shaw, Esq 26454
Also from John Wilkins, Esq. for excise 67 31
And that the amount of taxes assessed upon the Counties of
Hancock and Penobscot for the year 1816 which is col-
lectible is 4^839 86
Making the amount of money & credits $9,041 84
And they further report :
That the amount of claims against the County of
Hancock so far as they were liquidated on
the 1st of April aforesaid was $307 yy
That the amount of claims against said County
due on said first day of April and liquidated
at April Term, (deducting from the same
for the board of Prisoners t,s weeks at $5
per week $27.50 was 132 49
That the amount of Do. allowed at July T. last was 6045 $50071
Which leaves a balance of money & credits of $8,541 13
And the Committees of both Counties agree to de-
duct from the amount aforesaid, being.... 8,541 13
S7r as Commission upon the amount of Debts due
being $500 71
And also upon said sum of 27 50
For board of Prisoners being 26 41
Which leaves a balance of money & credits of $8,514 72
to be divided between said Counties.
32 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
And as a just rule of apportionment said Commiittees have taken the last
County tax of 5,000 dollars of which the several towns & plantationsi in
the Count\' of Penobscot pay $1,163.03 and they find that as 5,000:1,163.03::
8,514.72:1,980.57 which is the amount belonging- to said County of Pe-
nobscot. But the Committee of the County of Hancock are of opinion that
from said sum of $1,980.57 there ought to be deducted 5 per cent for the
Comnnissions which said County of Hancock will be obliged to pay their
Treasurer for receiving and paying over said sum and which amounts to
$99.02 leaving a balance due said County of $1,881.55.
On the other hand the Committee of Penobscot contends that only $23.03
is justly chaigeable to that County being a proportion only of the 5 per
ceii't aforesaid.
And the Committee of the County of Hancock is of opinion that if there
exist any contract made for the sole benefit if the Countj' of Penobscot,
but which ithe County of Hancock is bound to fulfil, such sum ought to be
retained as will be sufficient to indemnify the County of Hancock.
They further state that the taxes of 1816 are payable one half on the first
day of November instant and the remainder on the first day of April next,
and that ithe Treasurer of the County of Hancock ought not to pay such
proportion of said sum as arises from the tax of 1816 until the same is
payable.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
WILLIAM ABBOTT, 1 Committee
JOB NELSON - of
B. HALL, ) Hancock County.
THOS. A. HILL, for Penobscot.
Ordered, That this report be accepted as amended and that the treasurer
of the County of Hancock pay over to the Treasurer of the County of
Penobscot said sum of eighteen hundred & eighty-one dollars and fifty-
five cents in manner following, viz : Eight hundred dollars on demand and
the residue within the time reported or sooner if convenient, when the
Treasurer of the Counity of Penobscot .shall give bonds to the Treasurer of
the County of Hancock with two sufficient sureties in the sum of twelve
hundred dollars to indemnify the County of Hancock from all claims that
may hereafter appear against the County of Hancock and due before the
first day of April next.
A copy
Attest :
MASON SHAW. Clerk.
MICHAEL PHILBRICK 33
Michael Philbrick, Son of Capt.
Zachariah Philbrick
(Contributed by Prof. Windsor P. Daggett, U. of M., Orono, Me.)
Rev. Jacob Chapman's "A Genealogy of the Philbrick and Phil-
brook Families," page 24, gives an incomplete and an incorrect
account of the descendants of Michael Philbrick. The following
record, found among the manuscripts of the late Thomas C. Shaw
of Standish, is probably a revised account which followed the pub-
lication of Chapman's book. As Shaw was a descendent of the
Philbrick family and as the Shaw household was a storehouse of
family history, this record comes from a reliable source. It is
probably published here for the first time.
"Michael Philbrick. — ^Seventh child of Capt. Zachariah Phil-
brick; b. in Newbury, Mass., Nov. 10, 1734. Wife, Mary ..
lived in Hampton, N. H. Then was an original settler in Parsons-
field, Me., about 1762; afterwards in Standish. In 1803, he re-
moved with his family to Thorndike, Me., where he died in 1813,
aged about 79. His children were : —
"i. William, b. in Hampton, Dec. 10, 1759; m. Martha Nick-
erson of Gorham. He died in Thorndike, 1850, aged
about 90 years.
''2. Olive, b. in Hampton, Jan. 6, 1762.
"3. Gideon, b. in Standish, April 21, 1764; m. May 4, 1793
Eunice West of Raymond ; d. in 1848.
"4. Michael, Jr., b. June 19, 1766; m. Aug. 9, 1788, Jane Snow
of Gorham.
"5. Eunice, b. Mar. 18, 1768; m. Aaron Snow of Gorham.
''6. Stephen, b. Feb. zy, 1770; m. March 14, 1793, Betsey
Nowlen of Hallowell.
"7. Rhoda, b. Apr. 22, 1772; m. Dec. 25. 1792, Enoch Shaw.
She died Jan. 3, 1819.
"8. Samuel, b. Mar. 15. 1777; m. Anna Simonton. Supposed
to have died at Cape Elizabeth in 1824, leaving children,
Samuel, Mary, and Ellen."
An account of Thomas C. Shaw appears in Mrs. H. F. Farwell's
''Shaw Records.'' page 173. These same Records, p. 156, give the
descendants of Rhoda Philbrick, wife of Enoch Shaw.
SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
PUBLISHED QUARTERLY
Entered as second class matter at the post office, Dover, Maine, by John
Francis Sprague, Editor and PubHsher.
Terms : For all numbers issued during the year, including an index and
all special issues, $i.oo. Single copies, 25 cents. Bound volumes $2.00 each.
Postage prepaid on all items, except bound volumes west of Mississippi
River.
Commencing with Vol. 3, the terms will be $1.00 only to subscribers who
pay in advance, otherwise $1.50.
The first law of History is not to dare tell a lie, the second
not to fear to tell the truth; besides let the Historian be beyond
all suspicion of favoring or hating any zuhomsoever.
PONTIFF, LEO XHI.
BROWSINGS BY THE EDITOR IN HIS OWN LIBRARY.
Since we began the work of editing the Journal we have received
scores of letters seeking information as to what books should be
selected for a course of reading in early Maine History. These
have come from public school scholars and from teachers and col-
lege students, from club women, clergymen and Maine people in
different walks of life. We have cheerfully answered them as
well as our limited knowledge would permit and have always
urged that they begin with the first voyagers and explorers of the
Maine coast : Champlain, de Monts, Martin Pring. Waymouth,
etc. (1603-5) ^"d the Popham Colony (1607).
If one is in the State Library at Augusta, or the library of the
Maine Historical Society at Portland one can delve more deeply
in this lore than in the private libraries of the State.
And yet in browsing in our own little library we find much that
is authoritative and instructive along these lines. Mrs. H. G. Rowe
in the preface to her charming book : "Retold Tales of the Hills and
Shores of Maine," (Bangor 1892) says:
An Irish matron, one of the honored foremothers of our Pine Tree
State, when asked by a passing traveller what crops she expected to raise
upon the sandy, 1>oulder strewn soil of her little sea bordered iarny,
replied: Craps is it? Faith l)ut I'll be after raisen a Governor or two,
wid maybe a Gineral or a J edge, an a ban full o' brave byes thrown in f'r
ballast, that'll make these woods an' swamps laugh wid a harvest sich as the
ould worrld niver dramed ov. Thims the craps that wid God's blissin,
w '11 be after sindin to the worrld's mill one of these days.
BROWSINGS IN THE EDITOR'S LIBRARY 35
The woman who uttered these brave words is called by Mrs.
Rowe "Bridget'' Sullivan, the place Berwick in the historic county
of York, Maine, and the time subsequent to 1723. For it was m
the latter year when William Sullivan and his wife migrated to
Maine from Ireland.'
He was a highly educated man, well skilled in classical literature
and a teacher of the classics. He died in Berwick, in 1796, at the
age of 105 years.
His three sons John, Ebenezer, and James were men of note in
their day. The former was a lawyer. Major General in the Revo-
lution, member of the Continental Congress, Attorney General of
New Hampshire, member of the Federal Constitution Convention,
and judge of the U. S. District Court.
James was born in Berwick, in 1774. He was a lawyer com-
mencing practice in Georgetown, Maine, but two years later he
removed to Biddeford, Maine, where h? remained for a tew years
and then located in Massachusetts. Willis^ says of him :
From the commencement of the Revolution to the close of his life, in
1808, he was constantly in official stations, as member of the legislature,
commissary of the troops, judge of the Supeiior Court, Attorney General,
and commissioner of the United States.
He also engaged largely in literary labors, was the prime mover
in organizing the Massachusetts Historical Society and was its first
president.
He was Maine's first historian. He wrote: ''The History of the
District of Maine." Printed by I. Thomas and E. T. Andrews,
Fausts Statute No. 45, Newbury Street, Boston, 1795 " It contams
421 pages and is today a most valuable work for the student of
Maine's colonial history.
The next most important work in the development of history in
this direction was "The History of the State of Maine ; from its
First Discovery, A. D. 1602, to The Separation, A. D. 1820." by
William D. Williamson,'' published in 1832, in two volumes contain-
ing i»376 pages.
Mr. Williamson was born in Canterbury, Connecticut, luly 31,
1779, and died May 27, 1847. He was a lawyer and as soon as he
was admitted to the bar began practice in 1804, at Bangor, then a
town in Hancock County. He was a man of great activities as ?
C) William Willis' History of the Lawyers of Maine( Portland, 1863)
P- 97.
(")Ibid. p. 95-6.
C) See Journal, \'ol. 3, No. 4, pp. 133-5.
36 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
publicist and political leader. He held various eminent official
positions while Maine was under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts.
and later when Maine became a State. He was the first and sole
Senator from the new County of Penobscot, became president of the
Maine Senate and was thus acting Governor of Maine m place of
Governor King who resigned. He was the first representative in
Congress from the Bangor congressional district.
Although his life was a busy one in State and public affairs he
was a profound student of Maine colonial history and devoted
nuich time to research and literary pursuits. If he had never
achieved any other accomplishment his history of Maine would
have made his fame secure.
James Sullivan and William Durkee Williamson were the pion-
eers in this work. Many others have since done great service but
Abbot and Varney and all the other writers have built upon the
solid foundation laid by them in the first days of our republic.
In exploring the Maine historical field the work and collections
of the Maine Historical Society is a beacon light whose rays pene-
trate many nooks and corners overlooked by the founders.
This society was organized and held its first meeting in the city of
Portland, „April ii, 1822, in accordance with an act of the Maine
Legislature, passed February 4th of that year. Its first president
was Albion K. Parris. Governor of Maine. 1822-1827. Its first
volume of Collections was published in 1831, and was printed by
Day, Eraser & Co., Exchange St., Portland, Maine.
The first paper in this book is part one of the History of Portland
by William Willis, containing 242 pages. Other important items in
this volume are ''Montresor's Journal'' and "Arnold's Letters."
Colonel Montresor, an officer of Engineers in the British Service
was employed by his government in 1760, to explore the country
from Quebec into the interior of Maine and report thereon. This
is his report in the form of a "journal." This manuscript toge'licr
with the original letters of Arnold while on his Quebec expedition:'
were for a time in the possession of Colonel Aaron Burr who wa?
one of the most famous and picturesque personages of the revolu-
tionary period and the last days of the eighteenth and first days of
the nineteenth centuries.
He was tried for treason and conspiracy against The .American
government in a Federal court presided over by John Marshall and
acquitted, llis life story is one of the most romantic ones in Ameri-
can history.
BROWSINGS IN THE EDITOR'S LIBRARY 37
William Willis, one of the earliest and most active members and
officers of the society chanced to have an acquaintance with Burr,
and was on intimate terms with some of his close friends. It has
been frequently stated that Colonel Burr having enemies in the
New York Historical Society did not intend that these valuable
papers should ever become the property of that society and hence
it was an easy matter for Mr. WilHs to secure them for the Maine
society which he did.
In the introductory to these (page 341) presumably written by
Mr. Willis, the writer says that it was Montresor's Journal that
first suggested to Arnold the route to be pursued through Maine.
It was perhaps unfortunate for the success of this expedition
that he did not follow in the footsteps of Joseph Chadwick, who,
in 1764, was employed by the Massachusetts Colony to explore the
country from the Penobscot to Quebec.
By his report and its accompanying map it appears that he went
first to Fort Pownal. thence up the Penobscot to Old Town, there
employing Indian guides who led him up the Piscataquis to Moose-
head Lake and thence to Quebec by a very safe and comfortable
route.'
This society has published twenty-two volumes of Collections and
twenty-four volumes of a "Documentary History of Maine." The
first volume of this series is devoted to a ''History of the Discovery
of Maine," by J. H. Kohl with an appendix on the voyages of
the Cabots, by M. D. Avezac, of Paris. It was edited by William
Willis and published in 1869.
The work of publishing a documentary history of Maine had its
inception in the Maine Historical Society as early as 1863, when thr
Maine legislature passed the following resolve which was approved
March 17, 1863 :
Resolved, That the governor be hereby authorized to procure copies of
original documents in the British State paper office in regard to the early
history of Maine, the same to be deposited in the state library; and the
sum of four luuidred dollars is hereby appropriated for this purpose out of
any money not otherwise appropriated ^ the governor to appoint, if need be,
at his discretion an agent for the purpose of accomplishii.g the objects of
this resolve; provided, that the entire expenditure shall not exceed, the
amount of the above appropriation.
In view^ of the fact that since then some Maine legislatures, 'in-
cluding that of 1917, have ruthlessly slaughtered these and similar
appropriations, and adopted a parsimonious and antagonistic policy
Bangor Hist. Mag., vol. 4, p. 141.
38 Sl'RAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
legarding them it would be well to bear in mind that this hrst ')e-
ginning was made when Maine and the whole coun.try were in
the throes of the Civil War.
This appropriation was used chieflv as Mr. Willis says in making
"a preliminary investigation" of the subject.
In 1867 the governor and council were authorized 10 contract
with the society for the publication, annually, of a volume oontam-
ii:g the earliest documents, charters, and other state papers "illus-
trating the history of Maine.''
The first result of this wise and lil)eral attitude by the state to-
wards historical research was the volume under consideration.
At this time the reverend Dr. Leonard Woods had resigned the
presidency of Bowdoin College and was commissioned by the gov
ernor as agent to attend to the duties above mentioned riud there
upon visited Europe for that purpose.
The fruits of his efforts appear in the first two volumes.
While in Germany he met Dr. Kohl, who reputation as a traveler,
author, and cartographer, was enfinent in this country as well as
P.urope.
In 1854, he came to America, where he traveled four years, dr-
ing which time he prepared for the government of the United State^
a series of maps relating to the early voyagers and explorers o''
America. Thus Dr. Woods fortunately secured his services i' .
building a great foundation for Maine historical research.
At this time Dr. Woods discovered the original manuscript ot
JIakduyt's "Discourse on western planting" which had been lost to
the world for three hundred years. This valuable document edited
and arranged by him constitutes the second volume of this series.
The "Baxter Manuscripts'' begin with the fourth volume.
Twenty-one volumes have thus far been published. It would not
be easy to estimate the historical value of this collection. They
contain charters, grants, letters, contracts, petitions, and everv piece
of writing relating directly or collaterally to the history of Maine,
that the Honorable James Phinney Baxter was able to discover in
State archives in London, Paris, Boston, Canada, Washington, etc.
In fact he made a world wide search for this material which will be
preserved for rdl times in these and two or three other forth-com-
ing volumes.
Mr. Baxter has long been Maine's leading historical writer. But
if he had never done else than this work it would ever have been
111 enduring monument to his memorv.
SAYINGS OF SUBSCRIBERS 39
Correction
A most regretable blunder occurred in the last issue of the Jour-
nal when (p. 284) the death of Mr. Otis G. Hammond. Superin-
tendent of the New Hampshire Historical Society was reported.
The fact is that Mr. Hammond is not dead very much alive.
Upon learning of this error, too late to make the proper change,
we wrote Mr. Hammond expressing our chagrin and sorrow for it
and immediately received the following kind and gentlemanly reply :
Mr. John F. Sprague,
Foxcroft, Maine,
My Dear Sir : —
While I regret the error which occurred in the recent issue of your mag-
ainze in relation to myself, as it may possibly cause unnecessar}- sorrow to)
some of my friends, yet I can easily forgive you as I know how often those
things occur. It is not of great consequence, and a note of correction in
your next issue will be acceptable.
The error which \-ou made was in stating that I died on the loth of
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40 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
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CONTENTS
41
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CONTENTS
Sketch of Bangor. Earlier Days 43
Captain Benjamin Bin-ton 48
Officers and Members of York County Teachers' Institute 55
Grave of Alary Chauncy 57
Browsings by the Editor in his Own Library 6r
How Our State Educators Aid Study of Maine History 67
Pharmacy of the Red Man 69
Sayings of Subscribers 71
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Spr ague's Journal of Maine History
Vol. VI AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER 1918 No. 2
Sketch of Bangor, Maine, in the
Early Days
Written by Charles GiUnan of Bangor for th: American
Magazine published in Boston, and republished in the
Maine Monthly Magazine, edited by Mr. Gihnan, in its
issue of June i8^/.
Bangor is pleasantly situated on the wesitern bank of the Penob-
scot river, at the head of the tide and navigation, thirty miles from
its mouth. The Kenduskeag Stream, which here enters the main
river at right angles, divides the compact part of the city into nearly
equal parts. The land on each side of the stream rises to a consider-
able height, and the village, which stretches from it and the Penob-
scot in every direction, presents a beautiful and picturesque appear-
ance, particularly on approaching it from down the river, when it
is gradually disclosed to the view. The scenery viewed from the
height of land on the north-west side of the village is delightful.
From this point on a clear day, the Katahdin mountain, with its
snow-white summit, at a distance of more than seventy miles, can
be distinctly seen.
Bangor, originally called the Kenduskeag plantation, from the
Stream above alluded to, now extends about six miles on the river.
It formerly included a considerable portion of what is now Orono,
situated above, and Hampden, below, and in 1790, contained 567
inhabitants. It then probably contained double the extent of terri-
tory now comprised within its limits. According to Judge \\^illiam-
.■-on's valuable History of Maine, published about five years since,
the first settler came to this plantation with his family in the lattef
part of 1769.
In the ensuing year, several families came to the place ; and. in
1772 the settlement contained twelve families. In March. 1787. a
44 Si'RAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
pul)lic meeting- was held for the purpose of taking measures to build
a house of public worshij), the records of which are said to be the
earliest extant. The first clergyman, the Rev. Seth Noble, a whig
refugee from the Province of Nova Scotia, who had resided in the
plantation about one year, was engaged by the people living on each
side of the Penobscot, to of^ciate for them, and he agreed to remain
their pastor so long as they would pay him a salary of four hundred
dollars. He continued with them about twelve years. His installa-
tion took place imder an oak tree. To him was committed the
agency of prociu'ing an act of incorporation for the town, which
was obtained in February. 1791. The inhabitants of the plantation
in public meeting instructed him to have it called Simbury, which
i.ame was probal)]y suggested by the pleasant appearance of the
place. Perhaps the reverend gentleman did not coincide with his
ccnstituents as regards the doctrine of instruction, and not manifest-
ing a disposition to ''obey or resign." he assumed the responsibility
of substituting the name of P)angor. Some supposed the name
might have escaped his recollection, and having a strong partiality
tor the good old psalm tune, he caused the name to be placed in the
cict of incorporation. We do not learn that this departure from
'democratic usage' occasioned an}' unpleasant feelings on the part
of his constituents towards him.
The first public building in Bangor, the Court House, now the
City Hall, was erected in 1812, and occupied by the courts, and
for religious and other public meetings till 1822. During the latter
year, the first meeting-house was built for the only rehgious society
then existing in Bangor, over which the Rev. Harvey Loomis was
settled, who was ordained in 181 1. This excellent and tmiversaMv
beloved man preached to this society till January 2d, 182=;. when he
died suddenly in his pulpit before the commencement of the fore-
noon services. Singular as the fact may appear, he had selected for
his text the following passage of scripture — 'This year thou shalt
surely die.' This meeting-house was consiuned bv fire five years
afterwards, and in 1831 its p^ace was su])plied by a very handsome
edifice of brick. The Unitarian, Baptist, and Methodist houses of
worship were connnenced in 1828. and completed in that and the
succeeding year. The Hannnond Street Church, built by a portion
of the Calvinistic society, was completed in 1834. St. John's Church,
a beautiful edifice intended for the Episcopa'ian order, was erected
during the last season, bivt has not yet been occupied. At the same
SKETCH OF BANGOR, MAINE 45
time, a large brick church for the Methodist society, and a small
one of wood for the Catholics, were commenced, and will probably
be completed during the present season. The whole number of
cliurches will then be eight. A large and commodious Court House
of brick, containing the several County offices, and a stone jail were
erected in 1832. The Maine Charity School, or Theological Semi-
nary, incorporated in 1814, and opened in Hampden in 1816, was
afterwards removed to Bangor, and a classical school connected
v>-ith it. The principal building of brick, four stories high and simi-
lar to the usual college edifice, is situated on a commanding emi-
nence, on a tract of seven acres, the donation of the late Isaac D.
Davenport, of Milton, Massachusetts. Another of the same size
is in contemplation, as also a large and elegant chapel, and residences
for the professors connected with the seminary. There are four
professorships, and the funds of the institution amount to about one
hundred and twenty thousand dollars. It is under the direction of
trustees of the Calvinistic denomination. The Bangor House, a
more particular description of which may be given hereafter, is a
large and splendid hotel, very similar to the Tremont House, in
Boston. It was first opened for the reception of company on the
first day of January, 1835. It is a building which reflects great
credit upon the enterprise of its projectors and proprietors. There
are several other large and commodious public houses in the city.
I'here are three bridges across the Kenduskeag stream, two of which
?.re the result of individual enterprise. A large covered bridge is
extended across the Penobscot.
The first printing ofifice was established in the autumn of 181 5, by
Peter Edes, now the oldest printer in the Union, who, after an ab-
sence of a few years, has returned to Bangor to pass the eve of life
in the family of one of his children. He immediately established a
weekly newspaper. At the present time, there are five printing
offices from which are issued five weekly papers, to which number
another is soon to be added, two dailies, and the only monthlv peri-
odical in the State. The first bank was incorporated in 18 18. There
are now nine whose aggregate capital is $900,000. These do not
fully supply the wants of the community, a circumstance tending
somewhat to show the extent of the business operations. The
chief business is the trafiic in lumber, which gives rise to
a large amount of other business. Intimately connected
with it is that of navigation, in which manv are exten-
46 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
sively engaged. This would have been more extended, did not
the severity of the winter season occasion obstruction by the ice,
between four and hve months of the year. During this portion of
the year, however, vessels can reach Frankfort, twelve miles below,
with perfect safety. A remedy for this interruption is being sough.t
out by means of a railroad between the two places, which will
greatly facilitate operations. In this matter of railroads, the Ban-
goreans have outdone other citizens of their State. The first rail-
road in Maine, from Bangor to Oldtown in Orono, about twelve
miles in length, built at an expense of about $250,000, was opened
m November last, and has not been obstructed but for a single day,
during the interim. It reflects great credit upon the enterprise and
public spirit of Messrs. Edward and Samuel Smith, its projectors,
who have, in several other instances done much to benefit the city.
Bangor was incorporated as a city in the winter of 1833-4, and
the charter being accepted in the spring of the latter year, Allen
Oilman, Esq., who had resided in the town about thirty-five years,
was elected Mayor, and held the offtce for the term of two years.
He was succeeded by Edward Kent. Esq., the present incumbent.
Both of these gentlemen are natives of New Hampshire, and mem-
bers of the legal profession. The want of a City form of govern-
ment had been sensibly felt, and the result has shown that its adop-
tion has been a very important measure in facilitating the progress
c f public improvement. Its march has been onward, and it appears
to have been the watchword of every citizen. A city market of
ample dimensions has been commenced and will probably be com-
pleted in the course of this or the coming year. It will be an orna-
ment to the city, and another strong proof of the enterprise; anl
public spirit of its citizens. While their attention has been so
strongly fixed upon the welfare and interests of their fellow beings,
they have not been unmindful of those who have passed, and are
continually passing from among them. A public cemetery at Mount
Hope, on the plan of Mount Auburn, was consecrated in July last,
in the usual manner. The grounds comprise about thirty acres,
twenty of which belong to the city, and the remainder to individuals,
having been put into lots and sold. The location is very fine about
two miles from the compact part of the city, and is said to be in-
ferior to no other p'ace of the kind, Mount Auburn excepted, for
the advantages of soil, situation, and shrubbery. Connected with it
are a beautiful green-house and garden, under the care of a g.'ntle-
SKETCH OF BANGOR, MAINE 47
man who devotes his whoie attention to it, and whose labors ah-eady
have done much to Deautify and adorn the place. It will be maa<:
one of the most beautiful spots on the Penobscot, and is likeiy to
become, comparatively speaking, a place of quite as much resort as
Aiount Aubvn-n.
On the outskirts of the city, and within its limits, two or three
villages are rapidly springing up. Owing to their peculiarly excel-
lent location for the purposes of milling and manufacturing, they
have fallen into the hands of capitalists, who have a fair prospect
of reaping a rich reward for their investments. The principal of
these is the village of North Bangor, where are situated the exten-
sive works of the Penobscot Mill Dam Company. Thirty saws have
already been in operation and their charter allows of a great in-
crease, giving, as it does, the privilege of erecting their works for a
considerable distance on the banks and falls of the Penobscot. This
village is about four miles from the center of business, on the main
road to Orono, and three from the Lower Stillwater village, where
very extensive operations of a similar character are contemplated.
7 he Kenduskeag Stream, on which one of these villages is situated,
has ample advantages for manufacturing purposes ; to further which
a company has recently been incorporated.
The population of Bangor, w^ithin the few last years, has increased
with great rapidity. In 1800 the whole number of inhabitants was
277. Seven years previous, the rateable polls were 45 ; and sixteen
years afterwards, 252. In 1810 the whole population amounted to
850; in 1820, 1,221; in 1830, 2,828. At the present time the whole
number, including foreigners, is estimated at 9,500. This astonish-
ing increase is almost without a parallel in this county. Whether it
will continue to grow in a corresponding ratio, is very difficult to
determine, so fluctuating is the general state of business. One
thing however, is certain. Bangor will inevitably "go-ahead'' with a
strong hand, and if it does not increase for the same length of time
to come in a like ratio, its advance will be strong and steadv.
The following comprehensive extract may well conclude this
sketch of the history and progress of Bangor. 'The rapid and unex-
ampled increase of the city of Bangor in wealth, population, and
business, within the short period of three years — its facilities and
resources for still further increase, warrant us in saying, that at no
distant period of time, it is destined to become one of the first cities
within the Union. Its local situation is unrivalled in the New Eng-
^8 SI^RAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
land States — at tlie head of navigation, on one of the finest rivers r.i
the United States, near the centre of the territory of Maine, sur-
rounded by a superior country, rapidly improving, and commanding
all the resources of lumber from the head waters of the Penobscot
and its tributaries, it presents such encouragement to the farmer,
mechanic, and the merchant as perhaps cannot be found in any
other place. In the centre of a basin of nearly 10,000 scjuare miles,
of a soil unsurpassed in fertility — which must eventually become
tbe great depot of its produce, and the great mart of exchange for
the eastern portion of the State. The immense tracts of timber
lands and the fast settling towns and villages of the interior, to say
nothing of our commercial resources, promise an exhaustless supply
of material upon which our enterprise may work. Water privileges,
unrivalled in power and extent, are within the reach of the city, and
to the eye of the experienced observer present the germs of many
a manufacturing estabHshment, and the means of employment to
thousands. Wherever we look, we find something to aid us in our
advance to prosperity, and with these advantages, what shall put us
back? Fifty years ago, and this was a wilderness. Fifty years
hence, and what will then be? Yet the example of the few past
years, and the well known and acknowledged enterprise of our
citizens answer.'
Captain Benjamin Burton
By Charles M. Starbird
The St. Georges Region
The territory bordering on the St. Georges River has a history of
])articular interest. No evidence of an Indian settlement has ever
l)ecn found, but the country belonged to the Wawenocks until con-
c|uered by the Tarratines in 161 5.' The Indian name for the St.
Georges was "Secoh(|uet". for Pleasant Point in Gushing "Saw-
quid .
The fact of George Weymouth's visit to these shores has been
generally accepted. Some historians have attemj>ted to place his.
'Cyrus Eaton: .Annals of Warren, p. 10.
"Maine Historical Collections, Series I, Vol. 4, p. iin.
CAPTAIN BEXJAAilX BURTOX 49
landing on the J'enobscot or Kennebec rivers. However the major-
ity and perhaps the most authentic agree on the St. Georges.'
Ihe Plymouth Company came into possession of this territory
in 1616, when the English possessions in .Vmerica were divided be-
tween the Plymouth and London Companies. On Marcli 2;;, 1630,
the company granted to John Beauchamp of Boston, England, that
strip of land extending from the seaboard between the Penobscot
and Muscongus river so far north as would, not interfering with any
other patent, embrace a strip equal to 30 miles square. The pro-
prietors established a truckhouse on the eastern bank of the St.
Cieorges.
Nearly a hundred years later the grant came into the hands of
General Samuel Waldo and is henceforth know-n as the "Waldo
I'atent." The Waldo grant is too well known to require any atten-
tion here.
Several attempts at settlement were made during the next few
years but no permanent settlement was made until about 1719.'' In
1719-20, the Waldo proprietors had a fort erected and a garrison
of 20 men under Capt. Westbrook was placed in charge.' At the
same time the proprietors built a sawmill and about 30 frame-houses.
On June 15, 1722, a party of 200 Indians burned the proprietor's
sloop, killed one man and took six prisoners. The sawmill was
burned as were also some of the houses. An attack was made upon
the garrison but the resistance was so determined that the Indians
were forced to withdraw ; on the 24th of the following August an-
other attack was made. A large body of savages commenced to
inidermine the fort but the earth, made soft by heavy rain, caved in
and the siege was abandoned. Several white men were killed and
five were taken prisoners but were released.
The next attack came on Dec. 25. 1723, when the savages laid
siege to the fort and persisted with desperate resolution for thirty
days. Col. Westbrook finally arrived and put the red skins to
flight.
Again, in 1724, minor attacks were made at dififerent times with
no serious results. Peaceful times followed and in 1730 ''there
were between Muscongus and Kennebec about 150 families, pro-
bably 900 or T.ooo inhabitants''.' The territory was divided into
■*See Henry S. Burrafe : Peeinnincs of Co^orial Maine, pn. .^5-47.
Tyrus Eaton: Annals of Warren, pp. 20-72.
nb-d n. ^^.
'Anna's of Warren n. /»".
50 S PRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
two townships. The lower part which was known as the '"Lower
'J'ownship of St. Georges", later became the town of Gushing. Ihe
greater part of the settlers were Scotch emigrants from the north
of Ireland.'
Between 1725 and 1745, the settlers were at peace with the east-
ern Indians and advantage was taken of this time to build up and
strengthen the settlement. Truck-houses were built for trade with
the Indians. Sawmills were also constructed. The tireless efforts
of General Waldo brought 40 German families from Brunswick
and Saxony. Beginning with the war with France in 1745 the his-
tory of this region is, for the next few years, the history of one
man — Captain Burton.
'George J. Varney: A Gazetteer of Maine p. 189.
THE BURTON ANCESTRY
The Burton family originated in old Wales. The father of the
subject of this sketch was born in that part of the British Isles and
served in Cromwell's army when he reduced the Irish to obedience
under the Commonwealth. He embarked for America in 1736 with
his son Benjamin, induced to migrate here by General Waldo's
Proclamation. The father never reached this .state, dying on the
passage.'
BENJAMIN BURTON
Benjamin Burton was born in Wa'es about 171 5. Early in his youtli he
went to Ireland where he married zMice Lewis." Coming- to this country in
1636, he landed in Boston where he remained for some years. Little can
be found of his stop there. Captain Burton had eleven children.^"
1. Rebecca reared ard died in Boston.
2. ."Xgnes died in Boston in 1829.
3. Miary reared in Halifax, Nova Scotia and married Capt. Thomas
Carey.
4. .\lice reared and died in Boston.
5. Beniamin born in the blockhouse at Thomaston. Dec. 9. 174Q. He
went to Boston and took part ii the fnmous "Boston Tea Party."
Beni?min en'isted in the Continenta'l Army and was commis-
sioned lieutenant in Sept. 1776 and captain in Col. Thurburn's
Regt. in Rhode Island in 1777. He was taken prisoner in 1781
"Maine Historical Collections Series I, Vol. VII, p. 327.
"Annals of Warren, p. 381.
"The genealogical notes arc found in Annals of Warren, p. 381.
CAPTAIN BENJAMIN BURTON 51
and was held in company with General Peleg Wadsworth who
had also been made prisoner. Burton finally escaped. When the
militia was reorganized he was chosen a Lieutenamt-Colonel.
Benjamin married Hannah Church of Bristol, R. I. They had
seven children. Mrs. Burton died Aug. 21, 1834, and the Colonel
died in Warren, Me., May 24, 1835. A memoir of Col. Burton
is published in the Mame Historical collections series I^ Vol.
VH, pp. 3^5-335-
6. John died at the age of about 19.
7. Sarah born in 1753; married Nehemiah Eastman of Gilmantown,
N. H., and died at Montpelier in June, 1835.
8. Elizabeth married Hon. Edward Killeran of Gushing.
9. Thomas reared in Calais. He married ist Betsey Barber, and
2d, Susan McCo'bb. He died at Calais in 1837 or 1838.
10. William reared in Gushing. He married ist, Jane Robinson, and
2d, Ghloe Bradford.
11. Jane married Moses Robinson of Gushing and died in Feb., 1803.
Captain Burton enlisted and took part in the famous expedition against
Louisburg. He was made a lieutenant and served with considerable distinc-
tion."
After returning from Louisburg, Burton was placed in charge
of the block-house in the present town of Thoniaston. At this time
Capt. Jabez Bradbury was in command of the fort and acted as
truck-master. In August, 1745, war was declared against all the
Lidian tribes. In Sept. of the same year, a large party of Tarratines
encamped in the vicinity of the fort and sent four of their principal
sagamores to procure ammunition, Captain Bradbury gave them
ammunition and ordered ihem to return to their party immediately
or they would be shot. The men left, but either because of fatigue
or the intemperate use of intoxicants, they lingered on the way, en-
camping on the bank of Mill River. Captain Burton learned of
their position and, with Lieut. Proctor and a band of men set out in
pursuit. The party came upon the Indians in their camp. Burton
severed the head of Captain Morris, one of the sagamores, from his
bodv with a single blow of his sword. Captain Sam. another chief,
was killed and Col. Job was taken to Boston where he died in con-
finement. The fourth chief happened to be down at the river
at the time and escaped. Some people criticised Capt. Burton for
the deed but more praised him. It is certain that the death of
Morris brought great relief to the settlers for "he had been a great
terror.
"Maine Historical Collections Series I. Vol. VH. p ^2^.
"H. M. Sylvester ; Indian Wars of New England, Vol. 3. p. 355.
52 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
In 1750 or 1 75 1, Burton moved to the present town of Gushing
but ciitl not build the block-house, which he occupied, until 1753/"
'1 he b.ock-house was known as '' Burton's Fort." While in Gushing,
Gaptain burton gained his live.ihood by ti.ling the soil. Ciam-flats
were near at hand and the river furnished an abundance of fish.
At the outbreak of the French and Indian War in 1754, a large
pack of Newfoundland dogs was secured. These dogs were trained
to keep the distance of a gun shot from parties going out from the
lort and the savages were thus unable to ambush the defenders. No
party left the blockhouse without taking some half-dozen dogs with
them.
There are many stories told of Burton's courage and resourceful-
ness. Many of these, no doubt, are mere legends, but the following
is reasonably true. At one time. Burton together with his wife and
four children were some distance from the fort when one of the
dogs gave an alarm. Taking one child on his back and one under
each arm. while his Vv^ife carried the fourth, the fort was reached in
safety. ; [
On June 10. 1755, the General Gourt declared war on all the east-
ern Indian tribes except the Tarratines. The Tarratines continued
to come to the fort and Gapt. Bradbury showed them all kindness.
But the settlers made little discrimination between the tribes. A
r-^d-man was to be hated and killed wherever found and to whatever
tribe he might belong. The attitude of Bradbury toward the Tarra-
tines gave rise to many suspicions and rumors that he was carrying
c negotiations with them. Gaptain Burton was among the number
disturbed by his conduct. The following letter of Burton is found
in the Massachusetts Archives."
"To Capt. Thomas Proctor Jr. Boston neer the Orange tree."
"St. Georges June 6th ^ 1755
'Dr. Brother
"Yesterday about nine of the Clock we heard about 15 guns fired, and
after that Capt Bradbury fired an alarm ; upon which tliree men went up
to the fort to hear what was Doing — ■
"and there is two Scotch Lads Killed or taken : but we supose Kiled —
they were Brothers — there Sir names is Brown — there was three more up
th-* river the same Time ; but at Sum Distance from them — viz. Mr.
Lamond, Archbald Gamble & Son. but got safe home — those are our good
friends the penobscots. So Ezstold by our B : the Commander here I hope
"W. D. Williamson ; History of the State of Maine, Vol. '2, p. 306.
"Vol. 54, p. 453.
CAPTAIN BEX'JAMIX BURTOX 53
the Government wMl now Doo Sumthing to prevent Ruin by a Savage
Enemy. I remain your Loveing Brother till Death
Benja Burton."
In June, 1756. war was formally declared against France. The
St. Georges district was especially hated by the Indians. On March
24, 1756'' a large company attacked Burton's fort killing two of his
men and scalping a third. The exact number of men in the fort at
that time is not known but certainly must have been small. The at-
tacking party was finally beaten off. There were scattering depre-
dations made afterward.
At the beginning of the year 1757, the garrison consisted of Capt.
Bradbury at £4 per month: T. Fletcher. Lieut., at £3 and Benja-
min Burton ditto, with 36 other men. No action of importance
took place this year."
The year 1758 found six men stationed at Burton's block-house.
They were: Benjamin Burton Sergeant, at £1 los per Mo. Thomas
Carney, Christian Power, Joseph Andrews, John Burton, Cornelius
Thornton atid John Greene, centinals at 24s per Mo." In Augvtst.
the last stand of the Maine Indian tribes was made when with their
French allies, forming a party of 400 men, the fort at St. Georges
vas attacked. The arrival of Governor Pownal about 36 hours be-
fore the attack, with a powerful company of defenders, probably
saved the St. Georges settlements from complete destrtiction.
The war was soon over bitt Btirton remained at his garrison tilling
the soil until his death.
There is some dispute over the date of Burton's death. Those au-
thorities that place the date as March 21, 1763. rather than March
21. 1762, appear to be mistaken. Such attthorities as Williamson,
Sylvester, Me. Historical Collections series I, Vol. VII, say 1762.
Eaton in Annals of Warren, p. 123. says. "On March 20th of this
year (1763) Capt. Benjamin Burton, who ten years before erected
the stone b'ock-house and commanded the garrison there died in his
float on the river. He had been up at the fort, but having some dis-
pute with Capt. North, refused to stay there, and set off for home m
'"'Par'son Thomas Smith wro'te in his Journal under date of March. 26.
17=6. "We have news from St. Georges that a partv of Indians the day
before yesterday killed two young men and scalped a third."
Smiith & Deane's Journals p. 165.
"Annals of Warren, p. 98.
"Ibid, p. 107.
54 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
a very cold night. The recently formed ice prevented his landing ;
he was seen next morning opposite McCarter's and people went to
his assistance but found him froze to death."
The loss of Captain Burton was great to the community. He had
proved himself a worthy, upright man, honest in his dealings with
his fellow men and sound in judgment. He had been of great assist-
ance in defeating the savages in Eastern Maine. Although not a
professional Indian killer, he was feared by the Penobscots as per-
haps no other man was feared. To him went the honor of having
killed a chief, an awestriking feat in the eyes of the savages.
Afaine may well cherish the memory of this mighty defender of her
t&rly eastern settlements.
SUMMER STREAMS
(From April Airs, by Bliss Carman.)
All day long beneath the sun
Shining through the fields they run,
Singing in a cadence known
To the seraphs round the throne.
And the traveller drawing near
Through the meadow, halts to hear
Anthems of a natural joy
No disaster can destroy.
AH night long from set of sun
Through the s'tarry woods they run.
Singing through the purple dark
Songs to make a traveller hark.
All night long, when winds are low,
Underneath my window go
The immortal happy streams,
Making music through my dreams.
YORK COUNTY TEACHERS' INSTITUTE
55
Officers and Members of York
County Teachers' Institute
(Contributed by Hknrv M. Packard)
President, Richard M. Chapman^ M. B. E., Biddeford ; secretaries, Abner
Mitchell, Esq., Alfred, and Charles H. Milliken, Saco ; principals, William
B. Fowle, Esq., Newton, Mass., and Cyrus Peirce, Newton, Mass., asso-
ciates, Calvin Cutter, M. D., Warren, Mass., Benjamin F. Rowe, Merri-
mack, N. H.^ and Miss Emily Shaw, Nantucket, Mass., lecturers, Hon. Elisha
M. Thurston, Charlestown, William B. Fowle, Esq., Newton. Mass., Calvin
Cutter, M. D., Warren. Mass., Cyrus Peirce, Newton, Mass., ard Benjamin
F. Rowe, Merrimack, N. H., Committee on resolutions and publication,
Horace Piper, Biddeford, Abner Mitchell, Alfred, William Allen, Alfred,
William H. Wiggin, Sanford, and Isaac M. Trafton, Newfield.
MEMBERS.
Jordan H. Abbott, Shapleigh
Charles Bean, Limington
William E. Bowker, Biddeford
Arthur C. Burbank, Limerick
Albert L. Cleaves, Kennebunkport
Frederick Cole, Cornish
John A. Dennett, South Berwick
Thomas H. Emery, Buxton
Walter Haines, Saco
John Hanscom, Saco
Oliver S. Hasty, Limerick
Georse Hurd, Oothcaloga, Geo.
M. W. Leavitt, Biddeford
Albert Leavitt, Waterboro'
Ivory E. Libby, Saco
John B. Lowell, Biddeford
John D. Marston, Saco
Frank Mellen, Saco
Harr'son T. McKusick. Corni.'-h
Charges H Milliken. Biddeford
Toseph H. Moody. York
D. S. Parker, Biddeford
T)avid W. Pende^'^er. Cornish
Horace Piner. Biddeford
Toseph A. "^ewall. Biddeford
Roscoe G. Smith. Saro
T. F. Stearns. Biddeford
John A. Swett, York
J. W. Towne, Kennebunkport
William Allen, Alfred
Alvah H. Bedell, Biddeford
Oliver M. Boynton, Buxton
John L. Burnham, Alfred
Osmon H. Cobb, Buxton
Frederick A. Day, Biddeford
George B. Elden, Buxton
Albion Gile, Alfred
Char'es S. Haley. Hollis
Henri B. Haskell, Biddeford
Charles E. Hill, Limerick
William Leavitt, Jr., Buxton
C. F. Leavitt, Waterboro'
Asa Libby, Limerick
Ivory Lord, Saco
Sylvester Marr, Limington
Willis Mason, Saco
James Meserve, Hollis
Hiram Milliken, Saco
Abner Mithell, Alfred
David O Mou'ton, Parsonsfield
B. F. Peirce, Waterboro'
Simon G. Philbrook, Biddeford
Frark W. Prav. Sbap'oigh
I. F. Skee'e, S'lco
Loring T. Staples. Limington
Horace Stuart, Saco
Benjamin N. Towle, Freedom, N. H.
Isoac M. Trafton, Newfield
5,6 SI'RA(;UE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
John B. Varncy, South Berwick
William H. Wiggin. Sanford
Lucinda K. Allen, Springvale
Nancy Bailey, Parsonsfield
Delia Bradbury, Buxton
Abby Brown, Baldwin
Harriet M. Chase, York
Abby H. Deering, Waterboro'
Sarah Elden, Buxton
Elizabeth C. Goodsoe, Kittery
Maria C. Grey, Biddeford
Frances Hasty, Hollis
Esther P. Hayes, Limerick
Charlotte Hern, Saco
Lucinda Leavitt, Waterboro'
Violette W. Littlefield, Biddeford
Mary Littlefield. Wells
Sarah L. Low, Springvale
Martha J. Miles, Newmarket, N. H.
Ann Louisa Miitchell, Alfred
M. E. Morse, Biddeford
Catherine Parcher, Saco
Almira Raynes, York
Triphena Rcmick, York
Elizabeth H. Rounds, Buxton
Harriet H. Shapleigh, Kittery
Catharine Simpson, York
Mary L. Staples, Newfield
Philenia A. Stephens, Shapleigh
Mariam Stimson, Limerick
Mary A. Talpey, York
C. P. Tatterson, South Berwick
Caroline A. Tatterson, So. Berwick
Lois A. Tuck. Biddeford
Mary A. Walker, Lyman
Maria L. Witham, Sanford
Ebenezer Wentworth, Buxton
Sarah J. Allen, Sanford
Sarah L. Ayer, Newfield
Nancy P. Bedell, Biddeford
Abby M. Bragdon, York
Sarah Brown, Eajt Baldwin
Frances M. Curtis, Biddeford
Asenath P. Dyke, Sebago
Alma A. Everett, Biddeford
Sarah A. Goodwin, Shapleigh
Susan E. Hasty^ Portland
L. Frances Hayes, Limerick
Deborah R. Hayes, Limerick
Abby T. Hill, Hollis
Julia A. Lin-dsey, Shapleigh
Amanda M. Littlefield. Biddeford
Frances F. Lord, Parsonsfield
Betsey L. Mar^ston, Effingham, N. H.
Sarah M. MitcheH, Alfred
Mary A. Moody, York
Lucy A. Murch, Hollis
Angeline Parcher, Biddeford
Mary Jane Reed, Biddeford
Abby A. Rogers^ Saco
Mary E. Sawyer, Hollis
Hannah Simpson, Eliot
Abba Sparrow, Biddeford
Olivia Stearns, Lovell
Anna Stimpson, Saco
Lydia Stoue, Kennebunkport
Mary Tatterson, South Berwick
Lucy A. Tatterson, South Berwick
Joanna Thompson, Biddeford
Caroline Tuck, Biddeford
Mary J. Windship, Philips
From Reverend MeVin Sherburne Hutchins, pastor of the Congre-
gational Church, IMiilhps, Maine:
"My Dear Mr. Sprague : —
Just a word to tell you 'that I thoroughly enjoy your Journal, and consider
your work in publishing and editing such a periodical t > be most importaTit
for our State.
I was very much disappointed not to be able to attend the Congregational
Conference at Dover and Foxcroft this week, I had hoped to look you uo
,-uid make your personal acquaintance. My vocation is preaching the Gospel
hi't T mtend mv n vocation to be Maine Historical researdi.
If I can ever be of any assistance to you please consider me at yo'ir
service."
GRA\E OF MARY CHAUX'CY
57
The Fascinating Grave of Mary
Chauncy
18
(By Justin Henry Shaw)
And all about the wild birds flit and call,
And but a stone's throw southward, 'the blue sea
Rolls sparkling in and sings incessantly.
Lovely as any dream the peaceful place.
— Celia Thaxter, "In Kittcry Churchyard".^''
Picture of the Old Stone
THE EPITAPH:
In this dark, silent Mansion of the Dead,
A lovely Mother, and sweet Babe, are laid.
Of ev'ry Virtue of her Sex possest.
She charm'd the World, and made a Hu.'band blest.
Of such a Wife, O righteous Heaven, bereft.
What Joy for me, what Joy on Earth, is left?
Still from mv inmost Soul, the Groans arise,
"The present spelling of the family name is Chauncey.
'From The Poems of Celia Thaxter, page 59.
58 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
Still flow the Sorrows, ceaseless from my Eyes.
But why these Sorrows, £o profuse'y shed?
'I hey may add to but ne'er can raise the Dead.
I soon shall follow tl.e same dreary Way,
That leads, and opens, 'to the Coasts of Day,
There clasp them both, upon the happy Shore,
And Bliss shall join, nor Death shall part us more.
Mary Chauncy, Wife of Char'.es Chaurcy, and Daughter to the Honble.
Richard Cutt Esqr. died April 23d. 1758, in the 24th. Year of her Age, with
her Infant Son Charles Chauncy.
The quiet isolated old Cutts^" cemetery in Kittery Point is a part
of the large, coast-bound farm of Mr. John Thaxter, on Cutts-
Dartington, improperly and commonly called Cutts Island; and the
farm of Mr. Thaxter is a part of the va'uable estate that has come
down from Captain Francis Champernowne, through the Cutts.
Captain Francis Champernowne married the widow of Robert
Cutt of Kittery, sometime subsequent to 1675. By his will. Captain
Champernowne left the greater part of his estate in Kittery to
her, and her children, Mary. Bridget, Sarah, Elizabeth and Robert
Cutt. Cutt, also had left a considerable fortune for those days,
inventoried at £8yo. Mr. Thaxter's farm residence is on the exact
site of Captain Champernowne's "Upper House."
Stackpole (page 334) says that Richard Cutt (brother to Robert)
was
a major, justice, councillor, se'ectman. and deacon, one of the most promi-
nent men of his time and place. He had a luxurious and hospitable resi-
dence on Cutts Island
On a stone that forms a part of the right gateway wall of this
ancient resting place, is the following inscription:
Capt. Francis Champernowne
Born 1614
Died T6S7
Many of the Cutts Family
1687— 1873
Taptain Champernowne's grave is covered by a cairn, perhaps the
on^y memorial or distinguished feature of this kind in Kittery. The
jjoet. John Albee. has written of the spot, and his verse was included
b\ Longfellow in the second volume of "Poems and Places — New
]^.: gland." John Elwyn of Portsmouth has also contributed lines
on this grave. Mrs. Thaxter's verses are of course much better
'"The origiral form of the family npme was Cutt.
GRA\'E OF MARY CHAUXCY 59
An article in "The New England Genealogical and x\ntiquarian
Kegister" (July 1848) Vol. II, page 276, entitled Notices of the
Cittts Family, says: "Hon. Richard Cutts, Esq., and twenty-one
others are buried in this cemetery.'' But the aboniinab'.e way in
which the Chauncy epitaph has been given in that article makes one
hesitate to quote any particular part of what has been printed under
that head.
Close by the grave of Champernowne, and within a few feci of
his historic cairn, is undoubtedly the most interesting memorial in
the town. It marks the grave of Mary Chauncy. pictured herewath.
Mary Chauncy's stone is the only one that stands of all that have
been put up ; some of them were standing within the recollections
of the present generation. Bvit for a number of years the trees
ard vines were thick, and the place was quite forgot, and the fallen
stones have now entirely disappeared. Once, this stone had also
fallen over, but it was erected again by Mr. Thaxter. There are
touches of moss and lichens and rust on it. but the old slate is in a
very fine state of preservation. Every letter of the verse is care-
fully carved, and the italics are perfectly formed and legible. One
wonders who the ancient artist was. He followed well the copy
for the lines. The words given here are an actual copy of the stone,
carefully made and verified in every respect to preserve their great
lilerary beauty.
The verse tells by natural inference the story of a maternal trage-
dy on that long past April day. It was here on Cutts-Dartington
that Chauncy probably met the beautiful Mary and lived with her.
and it was here also at the "luxurious and hospitable" Cutt home
that she probab'y died. One can only imagine the possibilities that
may have been the cause of her suffering and death, at her early
age, with her child, and we deplore the lack of saving medical skill.
One cannot doubt that the lines are the composition of the hus-
band, Charles Chauncy. They are unmistakably also a part of the
sad story of his own life, one of the strange biographies in the town.
He was perhaps the most scholarly man in Kitterv at that time.
Mr. Brewster fin his "Ramb'es") has given us the substantial and
ii.teresting facts of the family, and recollections of Charles in Ports-
niouth, where he later lived, and died.
He was the great-grandson of Charles Chauncy, second president
of Elarvard College, and after studying theologv and breaking
down in mental health, he came to Kitterv Point and entered the
6o SI'RAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
office of his uncle, Sir William PepperrCil. He was a graduate or
Harvard himself; but more than this, he was evidently a scho.a;
by nature. In spite of the malady which seems to have lurkea
within him and to have been transmitted, the man himself was ap-
parently of the finer sort, and had made the most of the better
thoughts of his time, and he had probably struggled to keep his owi'
mental health.
He survived Mary by fifty-one years, (almost a lifetime) and
became the father of thirteen children, having married Joanna
Gerrish of Cjerrish-Dartington only two years after Mary's untimely
death. Mrs. Thaxter understood the possibility of this, for in he"
p( em she also said :
Doubtless he found another mate before
He followed Mary 'to the happy shore.
The first son of this second union was also called Charles, who
a: sixteen vears of age became insane and continued so until a week
before his death at twenty-eight. This boy is buried in another
cemetery at Kittery Point. The lines on this boy's stone show also
that in spite of what must have been a great grief to his father, it
was splendidly overcome by the finer considerations of an affection-
ate fatherly nature.^^ Their fourth son, Samuel, who became a sea
captain, committed suicide ; and the son of this captain, who was
also named Charles, died in the insane retreat of that time at Con-
cord, N. H.
But one never tires of the changeless, quiet features of that little
round face, carved so many years ago out of the cold, blue slate.
Ihe classic braid and circle of cherubic hair, and the academic
spread of the litt'e wings that brood above the words, secluded and
still, complete an epitai)h which one may visit again and again, and
each time find something of fresh interest to interpret or only
wonder at. in the history of Kittery.
And Charles Chauncy does not even rest beside her in this quiet
old p'ace, btit is hm-icd in Cotton's cemetery in Portsmouth.
^'1'liis other old cemetery is at the junction of the old and new Harbor
Road-. a'o'.iLr Clianncx's Creek.
SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
PUBLISHED QUARTERLY
Entered as second class matter at the post office, Dover, Maine, by John
Francis Sprague, Editor and Publisher.
Terms: For all numbers issued during the year, including an index and
all special issues, $i.oo. Single copies, 25 cents. Bound volumes $2.00 each.
Postage prepaid on all items, except bound volumes west of Mississippi
River.
Commencing with Vol. 3, the terms will be $1.00 only to subscribers who
pay in advance, otherwise $1.50.
The first law of History is not to dare tell a lie, the second
not to fear to tell the truth; besides let the Historian he beyond
all suspicion of favoring or hating any whomsoever.
PONTIFF, LEO XHI.
BROWSINGS BY THE EDITOR IN HIS OWN LIBRARY
11.
Both the Massachusetts and New Hampshire historical societies
have assembled in their volumes of collections, proceedings and
other books issued by them, a mass of literature relating to Maine":
colonial period.
We do not have these in our private collection on Maine, but the
student working in the State Library at Augusta has them always
a+ hand to guide him in his searchings.
The late Charles Francis Adams, Jr., contributed to the Massa-
chusetts Society an historical monograph published in Vol. 22 of
its proceedings, and reprinted by the LTniversity Press. Cambridge.
1883. This relates to "Sir Christopher Gardiner Knight'' who ap-
peared in Boston in 1630.
This we find on our shelves and it is a strange ta'e of a remarka-
ble character who appeared in New England in April. 1630. His
career c'ose'y identified with Maine, is intertwined with romance
and adventure.
It is the peculiar privilege of the American historian to be able
to trace his narrative to its origin by means of documentary evi-
dence, and thus relate facts rather than fable or tradition.
Mr. Adams in introducing his subject to the reader says:
Such melodramatic personages are not con^mon in -Massachusetts his-
tory, ard accnrding'y Sir Christopher long since attracted t'^e notice of the
62 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
New England poets and writers of fiction. Here were great possibilities.
Miss Sedgwick was the first to avail herself of them, for as early as 1827
she introduced 'the knight, under the name of Sir Philip Gardiner, into her
novel of Hope Leslie. He is the walking vil'ain of that now forgotten tale.
The historian M'otley next tried his hand upon him in Iiis story of Merry-
mount published in 1849. The same year Whii'tier incidentally touched
upon him in Margaret Smith's Journal; and then Mr. John '\\ Adams, in
1856, went over the ground once more in his Knight of the Goi'den Melice.
Finally, in 1873. Longfellow put the Rhyme of Sir Christopher Gardiner
in the mouth of 'the Landlord as the last of the Ta'es of a Wayside Inn.
Both Motley and Adams, as well as Whittier and Longfellow, present the
knight under his own name, and, so to speak, in his proper person. They
adhere miore or less to the record. Miss Sedgwick does not. But they have
all made somewhat droll work with the facts of history ; and, the historians'
themseilves have iri this respect not greatly bettered matters
Gardiner's orig-in and family history are rather obscm-e. He
claimed descent from Stephen Gardyner, Bishop of Winchester and
Lord Chancellor of Queen Mary, yet it has never been established
with accuracy.
Although born a protestant, Bradford and others assert that he
renounced this faith and became a member of the church of Rome.
This however is in question and was never fully settled.
Regarding his claim to knighthood Adams believes that :
His tit'le was of a doubtful character, for in one place he is spoken of as
a Knight of the Holy Sepulchre, having received the honor at Jerusalem;
while in another it is as a Knight of the Golden Melice. But that he had a
right to some title would seem to be estab'irhed by the fact that at a later
day he was referred to in official proceedings in England as Sir Christopher
Gardiner, Knight.
It seems to be very well settled by those who have written of that
period that Sir Christopher visited New England as a du\v accred-
ited, though secret agent of Gorges.
Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain John Mason obtained their
charter or grant from James I. to the most of the Province of
Maine west of the Kennebec, and a part of New Hampshire, in 1622.
In 1623, Gorges had sent his son. Captain Robert Gorges, out to
Massachusetts Bay in charge of a company who was to settle there.
He had secured for Captain Robert the grant of a domain, .\dams
Fays :
It covered, as nearly as its limits can now be fixed, a tract just north of
Boston, including the whole shore from the mouth of the Charles to Lynn,
and interior as far back as Concord and Sudbury.
Robert Gorges did not take actual possession of this domain, but
never abandoned his claim to it. Stibscquentlv, in 1628, the Conn-
BROWSINGS IN THE EDITOR'S LIBRARY 63
cil for New England, with the assent of Sir Ferdinando Gorges,
granted to the Massachusetts Company a large tract which included
this. But Gorges contended that the subsequent grant was made
reserving all vested rights under the first one. Robert Gorges die J
and whatever rights he had passed to his brother John, who con-
veyed portions of it to Sir William Brereton and John Oldham.
The Massachusetts Company denied the validity of these conv'^'y-
ances ; and besides this claimed that the great charter of 16.29, -"^^"t-
tled it against Gorges beyond all dispute. It then became a matter
of actual possession. Gorges claimed that he already had i.; by the
settlement there of several inhabitants, in 1624, under the directum
of Captain Robert. The Massachusetts Company immedia^^ely pro-
ceeded to circumvent all of this by hurrying out instrvictions to
Endicott. who was at Salem, to forthwith "send forty or fifty per-
sons to Massachusetts Bay to inhabit there." This he did in June,
1629, which was the beginning of the settlement of Charlestown.
Under these circumstances it is evident that Gorges deemed it wise
tc have someone on the ground to represent him and protect his
interests. From letters and documents found among Sir Christo-
pher Gardiner's belongings it seems clear that he was selected for
this purpose.
It is well known that the Massachusetts leaders regarded Gorges
as their rival and possible enemy. He was of the Church of Eng-
land which fact undoubtedly intensified their feelings against him.
When Sir Christopher came and was in the company of the
Gorges settlers and known to have visited Thomas Morton, well
known as an agent for Gorges, their suspicions were instantly
aroused.
That Governor Bradford conceived it his duty to interview the
stranger is apparent for he records the fact that he was accom-
panied by servants, and :
A comly yonge woman, whom he caled his cousin, but it was suspected
that she C after the Italian maner) was his concubine.
In other words, as Mr. Adams observes. "Sir Christopher com-
mitted the folly of bringing a mistress out into the wilderness with
him." Naturally the Puritan magistrates became inquisitorial as to
his antecedents and object in visiting Boston.
They could not hale him into their courts for acting in behalf
cf Gorges.
But it was not long before thev were informed that he had left
behind two wives in England.
64 SFRACU'R'S JOl'RXAL OF MAIXE HISTORY
The name of the young woman who accompanied him from the
North of Eng.and to America was Mary Grove. She has attracted
much attention among historical writers, poets and novelists. It h
quite certain that she lived with him while he was living near Boston.
'l he authorities did not attempt any legal proceedings against
him regarding his relations with Mary Grove, hut they did make
some move towards prosecuting him for the crime of bigamy in
Eng.and. Sir Christopher learning of this instead of remaining
and facing his adversaries made his escape into the wilderness in-
tending, as it is supposed to reach the Dutch settlement at Manhat-
tan. He never succeeded in doing this. Soon after his departure
some Indians informed the governor of his whereabouts and were
authorized to take him and bring him before the magistrates which
they did. After thus having him in their possession they were at a
loss to know just what disposition to make of him, for in order to
fasten any crime upon him, they would have to send to luigland for
evidence. It was not long before they concluded to allow him to
go on his way.
Thomas Purchase was the first settler on the Androscoggin within
the limits of what is now the town of Brunswick. Maine. There
he had cleared up quite a large farm and also dealt extensively with
the Indians buying furs and peltry of them ; and was also a packer
and shipper of salmon from the Androscoggin to Boston. At about
this time he made a trip to Boston to transact business and, inci-
dentally to find himself a wife of which he stood in much need.
While there he fell in with Sir Christopher and Marv Grove. It wa>
a case of "love at first sight," with he and Mary and after a short
courtship they were married there and she returned with him to his
home in Maine; and oddH' enough Sir Christopher went a^ong with
them and had a home with them for some months. Tust what activ-
ities he was engaged in whi^e a sojourner in Maine is not quite
c'ear. On'y one record has been found relating to him at that time
and is in the records of the first General Court of the Province of
Maine. heVl at Saco, by "the Worshipful Thomas Gorges." in 1640.
The record reads as follows :
Richard Tucker cometh into this Court and declareth that nine years
since, or thereabouts, there came one Sir Chrisitopher Gardiner to the plain-
tiff in the name of the defendant. Thomas Purchase, and borrowed of him a
wnrming-pan. which co^t here in this country 12s. 6d.. which tl-ie defendant
hath all this time and sti'l doth wrongfully detain from the plaintiff. .\nd
atso the said Sir Christopher did six months after, or thereabouts, buy of
the ])laiptiff a new fow'ingniece for 40s.. which lie promised to pay witliin
EDITORIAL 65
a month after, whicli money boith for the warming-pan and, tlie piece the
plaintiff hath oftentimes 'demanded of the defendant, who doth still refuse
to pay the same, to the damage of the plaintiff at least ^S sterling, for
which the plaintiff commenceth his action of trespass in the case, against
the defendant in this court, and humbly desireth a legal hearing according
to law. r. Purchase denies ever authorizing Sir C. Gardiner to buy any
\. arming-pan' or fowlingpiece for him, etc. Verdict for the plaintiff, £2^
I2S. 6d. for the two articles, 2d damages, 12s. 6d costs of 'the court.
It appears that he remained at Brunswick all through the winter
^Vi' 1631-32 and far into the succeeding summer. He arrived in
England from Maine on the 15th day of Atigust, 1632. .
At this time a formidable attack was made on the Massachusetts
Bay Company. That he entered into it with much energy appears
from the records. He denounced Governor Winthrop, the itiagis-
Irates, and the people generally of Massachusetts. He declared that
they were "traitors and rebels against his majesty, with divers
o.her most scandalous and opprobrious speeches.'' dilating freely on
the wrongs he had suffered at their hands.
The managers of the company abotit this time learned of the
story of his two wives and attempted to retaliate by proceeding
against him for this. Whatever investigation they made was not
fruitful of results. Adams says:
Either the women had never existed, or they could no longer be found,
or the evidence somehow broke down.
The assault made upon the company did not prevail and it came
ofif victorious. After this all trace of him was lost in England.
From all that can be learned Mary Grove outlived her youthful
i. "discretions, and she and her husband Thomas Purchase live I hap-
l)ily together on the banks of the River Androscoggin until tiic
t'me of her death which occurred in Boston, June 7th, 1656.
Mr. Arthur G. Staples, managing editor of the Lewiston Journal,
wields a facile and versatile pen and is one of Maine's ablest news-
paper writers of today. He is also a public speaker of note- and
always welcomed upon every forum. Whether speaking or writing
he ever displays sjiarkling bits of charming humor, and makes
thrusts of wit that are keen and yet gentle. i'
He is just now doing one of the most interesting literary stunts'
that we have seen in any of the Maine papers for many a day. At
the top of the editorial page of the Journal, is every day a little
double column screed of abotit 600 words signed " A. G. S." and
entitled : " Just Talks — On Common Themes." We have perused
66 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
nearly every one and regard them as real classics. They are full
of more or less great thoughts and philosophy. In speaking of
philosophical writers, the regular stock phrase is to call their say-
ings " quaint." Arthur's stuff is quaint all right, and it is also-
worth while. It is good, every day philosophy that constantly
touches a responsive chord.
The Maine Lihrary Ikdletini, published quarterly at Augusta^
Maine, " in the interests of the liljraries of the State, by the Maine
Library Commission " is always a welcome visitor.
Its last issue is the first number of its seventh volume and con-
tains 20 pages of excellent reading pertaining to Maine Libraries
and Maine literary and historical subjects.
Since Hon. Henry E. Dunnack became State Librarian this pub-
lication has been constantly improving.
Hon. Harold M. Sewall has been presented with an unusually
unique and valuable gift, especially appreciated by the recipient
as it was prompted by the generosity and affection of Dr. G. Lang-
try Crockett of Thomaston. When Major General Henry Knox,,
the artillery commander in the Revolutionary War and friend of
Washington, took possession of the land granted him in the Waldo
patent for his services during the war, he was desirous of obtaining^
an accurate understanding of the resources of the region and he
secured the services of a young Frenchman, Monsieur Mornvel to
make a survey. The gift to Mr. Sewall is the journal containing
the results of this survey by the French engineer and is entitled
" Journey of Observation of the Waldo Patent, 1792." P)eneath
the title in the handwriting of General Knox and signed by him is.
the explanatory paragraph :
" By Mr. Montvel, a judicious young French gentleman, who-
was educated at the Royal academy in Paris." The booklet is
bound in brown leather and the clear and scholarly handwriting of
the young PVenchman is still legible and is fflled witli valuable
information. Xo duplicate is in existence and it is not onlv a trib-
ute of friendship for Mr. Sewall from Dr. Crockett, but is also-
a tribute to Mr. Sewall's library, which is filled with literary works
of high value and on the shelves of which this gift will be given
honorable place.
STATE EDUCATORS 67
How Our State Educators Aid the
Study of Maine History
Recently we have had our attention called to a pamphlet issued
by the State of Maine Educational Department in 1916. It is
entitled " High School Libraries and Book List." It states that it
is " A pamphlet describing the scope of High School libraries
together with a suggested list of books."
It does not profess to suggest a line of text-books, only books of
Preference and books that will be of material benefit to the youth
in such reading as they ought to pursue as scholars in the high
schools.
Some of the books listed may now be rare, yet they are all acces-
sible in the State library at Augusta and in all of our larger public
libraries in the State.
And the authors of this pamphlet truly say, " The State Library
Commission places at the disposal of schools a large amount of
material," and they inform them of the traveling libraries available
for all of the towns in the state, etc.
We turned to its lists of books recommended for the study of
history. They embraced many authors on Ancient, European and
American history. In all about one hundred and thirteem. And
forty-eight books on American history were approved.
Yet, in all those lists, not a single one of the hundreds of volumes
which have been published jrelating to the history of Maine was
referred to or mentioned directly or indirectly. And this from the
" State of Maine Educational Department."
In the language of the man of the street, " can you beat it? "
We are not criticizing their recommendations so far as they go.
They include some of the very best authors on American history,
such as Parkman, Fiske, Lodge, Channing, Halsey, etc.
The contention of the Journal is — has been from the first and
will be as long as its life is spared — that this studied and deter-
mined policy of our school authorities at Augusta, of ignoring and
passing by Maine history with' every appearance of contempt is
fundamentally and absolutely wrong.
The influence of this reactionary and retrogressive view point of
our State school directors has evidently extended in other direc-
tions.
68 SPRAGL'E'S JOURNAL OF MAIXE HISTORY
In the "State budgett" for 191 7, everything in the way of sHght
a])pro])riations along this hne which with one or two exceptions
had formerly been the policy of the State since 1863 was ruthlessly
slaughtered and the legislature followed its edict.
The journal's motto, platform or battle cry — whatever you may
be pleased to call it, is now and ever will be : FIRST TEACH
THE BOY AND GIRL TO KNOW AND LOVE THEIR OWN
TOWN, COUNTY, AND STATE AND YOU HAVE GONE
A LONG WAY TOWARDS TEACHING THEM TO KNOW
AND LOVE THEIR COUNTRY.
We are not advising against the scholars of our i)ul)lic schools
reading any of the books approved by this pamphlet.
W^e onlv desire and insist that these mental advisers of what the
scholars of Maine should read shall themselves sometime, compre-
hend the fact that from 1^)03 to this hour the history of Maine is
rich in subjects that are fascinating and invigorating food for the
child's imagination and for the development of what is spiritual
anid artistic.
It is not necessary to cite Macaulay's renowned essay on Mitford's
history of Greece, to demonstrate the value of the Greek and fable
stuff.
All the books in this pamphlet should be read and studied by
high school scholars. All that these savants need is a broadening
of their vision.
It should l)ecome large enough to understand that Maine has a
distinct history all its own, which should be known and sttidied
as such.
To revert to om- first thought it seems to us that the designers
of this pamphlet could at least have called attention to the 46 vol-
umes issued by the Maine Historical Society, and to scores of other
works on Maine history to be found in our public and j)rivate
libraries.
MR. FLAGCi'S INDEX OF MAINE REVOLUTIONARY
PENSIONERS
r)\ving to an unavoidable delay by the j)rinting establisliment
which does the Journal's work, the Revolutionary Index was left
out of this issue. It will be continued in our next number when all
of the names under "C" and all or a part of "D" will appear.
This valuable series will continue until the entire list is published.
PHARMACY OF THE RED MEN 69
Pharmacy of the Red Man
By Ho5L\CE M. liuRNiiAM, Ph. G., Old Town. Maine
Read before the Maine Pharmaceutical Association, June 28,
1916.
It has been suggested that an article on The Pharmacy of the
Red Man might, in a general way, be of interest to the members
of the Association, not that there is anything to learn which would
advance our art but that it is no doubt similar to the birth of Phar-
macy among other races. In the case of the Indian the Physician
and Pharmacist are one as prescribing and preparing medicine are
done by the medicine man or medicine woman. The Indian believes
that certain ones are endowed by nature with qualities not possessed
by all which enable them to diagnose and treat disease with greater
success than their fellows. There is a tradition that in early days
before the coming of the wdiite man it was necessary for the would
be medicine man to undergo some trying ordeal to prove his fitness
for the office. As a general thing I have found it impossible to
learn the diseases for which the drugs are vised as the Indians do
not know the English name of the complaints they treat. To illus-
trate. Dr. Sockalixis once told me in answer to an inquiry regard-
ing ladies' slipper ( Cypripedium ). That is woman medicine. This
is used by them as a sedative in nervous conditions and one might
infer that the men are not troubled with complaimts of this kind
nor do I believe the average Indian is. I have not learned that
they used anything from the mineral kingdom and but one animal
substance, Castor, given as an Indian woman told me. mostly to
young women from fifteen to eighteen years of age. An emmena-
gogue. They had infusions, decoctions, poultices, ointments and
plasters. Oils and fats were also used as liniments. Roiling was
dome in dishes of birch bark placed on coals, hot ashes or stones
heated by fire beneath or heated stones were dropped into the
liquid. In the case of infusions and decoctions the drugs were
steeped singly or in combination. S'uch (|uantities to a given
volume of water as in the judgment of the dispenser was necessary.
\Mieni ready it was decanted and given the i)atient as needed. To
relieve and to prevent chafing (as of infants) finely powdered
hemlock bark was used. Plasters were made bv evaporating a
decoction of the barks of beech (Fiigiis grandifolia ) and hackma-
70 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
tack (Larix lariciiia) to the consistency of an extract and incorpo-
rating with pitch of the spruce obtained by stripping the bark from
the trunk of the standing tree and scorching the wood, reminding
one of the method used by the natives of Central America to obtain
Balsam of Peru. An ointment was made of fir balsam and animal
fat. In making poultices various things were used among these,
the rootstock of the white pond lily {Costalia odorata). For years
I sold two old Indians butternut bark used by them as a laxative;
in early days this must have been obtained elsewhere than on the
Penobscot as the tree is not indigenous to that river though com-
mon on the Kennebec and, I am told, on the St. John. I have
been assured by the Indians that no one would take any contagious
disease if he kept in his mouth and chewed the rhizome of the sweet
flag. Today both male and female attend and prepare medicine
for the sick but the campfire has given way to the cook stove and
the bark dish to those of earthern and metal. In the early days
if an acceptable and satisfactory gift did not accompany the call
for his services the medicine man demanded and received as a
preliminary, his fee from the patient or his family. It might be
w'ampum, the best bow, a quantity of arrows, moccasins, furs, veni-
son or other food, but now when employed by the Indian agent
to attend the sick the usual fee with medicine is one dollar. If
additional medicine is needed the price is fifty cents a quart.
The following is a list of the drugs used by the Penobscot Indians
today: Castor Castorenm: Cleavers Galium Aparlne; Black Cohosh
Cimicifuga racemosa; Blackberry root Riibus; Butternut Bark
Jiiglans cmcrea; Bloodroot Sanguinaria ; Rockbrake PoUypodiiim
zndgarc ; Crawley Root Corallorrhiza odoutorhiaa; Red Cohosh
Acica rubra; White Cohosh Actca alba; Sweet Flag Aeon's Cala-
mus; Gravel Plant Epigaea- repots; Hair Cap Moss Polystleu)u
aerosticlwides; Hemlock Bark Tsuga eauadcnsis; Juniper Berries
Juniperus depressa; Ladies' Slipper Cypripedium hirsutum; Spike-
nard Aralia raeemosa; Pennyroyal Hedcoma pulegloldes; Winter-
green Cliim\apliila umbellata; Blue Cohosh Caulophylhim thalie-
troidcs; Pleurisy Root Ascckplas tuberosa; Scullcap Scutellaria
lateriflora; Squaw Vine Mitehella re pens; Canada Snakeroot Asa-
rum catiadeijse; Yellow Dock Root Rum ex erispus.
No doubt other plants, roots and barks were employed but the
foregoing is a fairly complete list used during the past forty years.
From the Indians was learned the medicinal uses of many of our
SAYINGS OF SUBSCRIBERS 71
indigenous drugs. Although at the present time the treatment of
disease among the Indians is largely im the hands of regular prac-
titioners and medicines of the white man are generally used, there
are those of the tribe who prefer and employ the native doctors
and their old time remedies.
Sayings of Subscribers
Mr. Don C. Seitz of New York, Manager of the New York World
and a native of Maine, referring to the Journal says :
"You are performing a valiuib'.e service indeed."
Hon. Stanley Plummer, Dexter, Maine :
No. I, Vol. 6, of the Journal has been received and read w^ith the usual
full measure of appreciation. While I am giving up many things for the
sake of war economy I cannot afiford to give up the Journal, and am pleased
to enclose my check to pay for next Vol. in advance. With the hope that
your life and health may be spared many years to continue the good and
necessary work vou are now doing."
William G. Clark. Attorney at Law, Des Moines. Iowa :
"I am glad to receive your interesting volume and enclose draft therefor.
"I note that our old friend, G. V. Edes, was related to the publisher of
the famous Boston Gazette. I had often wondered about that. Have you
ever examined Josiah Quincey's volume of Massachusetts Reports? It
covers the Revolutionary Period and is called "VoHime i" but is not, I think,
usually included in the reports of that state. It is of very great interets
from a historic standpoint and contains the language of the tory ■ chief
justice in charging the grand jury in an endeavor to have Benjamin Edesi
indicted for sedition. Also contains, at first hand, a very vivid description
of the current events of that dav."
The following list of Revolutionary Soldiers buried in Bridgton.
Maine, cemeteries was published in the Bridgton News some vears
ago:
Joseph Brocklebank Asa Barker Ebenezer Choate
Capt. John Kilborn Asjel Foster Dudley Perkins
Joshua Doug1a=s Daniel Barnard Nathaniel Jacobs
Nathaniel Hale John Chaplin Joshua Whitnej-
Nathaniel Martin Phineas Ingalls John Kimball
Cant. Jo'in Hayward Tohn Peabody
Robert Andrews Daniel Per'ey
^2 SP'RACU'E'S JOURXAL OF MAINE HISTORY
How the Town of Alfred Disposed
of Its Share of the U. S.
Revenue Surplus, 1836-7
By Lucius M. Pkrkins
At the close of the war of 1812 with England the United States
had a debt of upwards of 127,030,000 dollars. After the return
of peace the debt was rapidly reduced, and in 1836 it had all been
paid. It had been computed January 1st, 1836, that there would
remain in the Ignited States treasury a surplus revenue of 27,000,-
000 dollars.
In i8'36 Congress passed an act for the distribution of the sur-
plus ; loaning it to the several states in i)ro]jortion to their popula-
tion without interest; and " to be called for by the (jovemment in
an eiiier(jeiie\\" reserving 5,000,000 dollars. This was to be jxiid
in four quarterly installments. Three of the payments were made,
the fourth not made.
Sejitember fourth, 1836, Congress passed an act postponing the
payment of the fourth installment to Jamuary, 1839.
The financial panic of 1837 (no doubt) so affected the revenue,
that in 1839 the L^iited States found itself with a debt of about
12,000,000. The change in tariff' and the Seminole war apparently
rendered it impracticable to meet this fourth quarter's payment.
It has wever been paid. So much for the origin of the surplus.
The State of Maine in 1837, by its Legislature passed three sep-
arate acts regarding the receiving and disposition of the same.
See Laws of 1837, chapters 252-265-287. The substance of which
is to loan it to the several towns " to be by them accounted for,"
as the state was to account for it to the United States.
Alfred, in anticipation of this distribution of money, took action
and called a town meeting December lolh, 1836, to petition the
Legislature that " the money to be received from the United States,
or a part thereof, may be appropriated for railroads or other inter-
nal improvements." Also to petition the Legislature " for a por-
tion of said money for the railroad from, Portland through this
place to the Xew Hampshire line."
This meeting was called on petition of N. D. Api)leton, J. Holmes,
D. Goodenow, John Conant. Lvman Littlefield and John Havward,
TOWX OF ALFRED -jt,
and was held at the court house. \\'m. C. Allen, Nathan D. Apple-
ton and Archabald Smith were chosen a committee to prepare " said
petition."
The act of the Legislature of 1837, made necessary the calling
of a town meeting, which was done March 20, 1837. Geo. W.
Came was moderator.
Tlie town voted " to accept the town's apportionment of the
money which is or may be deposited with the state by the L'nited
States. John Holmes, Esq., be appointed to act as agent of the
town to demand, receive, and receij^t tor this town's share of the
money. Also voted Jeremiah Lradbury, W'm. C. Allen, Nathan
D. Appleton, act as a committee to report at next meeting the best
method of investing said money."
The committee chosen at the former meeting reported, but their
report was " rejected " and it was voted " That the whole of the
money be apportioned by the treasurer of the town among all the
inhabitants thereof, residing therein, etc., on loan until payment
thereof shall be demanded by the state treasurer."
The town treasurer, Lyman Littlefield, was to have one-half of
•one per cent for handling the money. The two installments already
in possession of the treasurer, he cashed and paid out. Paul Web-
ber received $15, for taking the census of town and making a return
to the S'ecretary of State, and a copy to the towm treasurer.
Lyman Littlefield was paid $10 for his ex])ense for a journey to
Portland, $3.00 for printing receipts, and a commission of one-
half of one per cent on $1856.80 — $9.28. Geo. \\\ Came and John
L. Grant were allowed two dollars for their trouble in April, 1837.
In October, 1837, Lyman Littlefield was paid for distributioin of
the third installment of $863.20 — $5 for " Procuring " $4.32 com-
mission, the selectmen $2.00, and John Holmes $537-50 for services
and postage.
The receipts are two to the page of six by eight and one-half
inches, with stub attached showing that it was Si. 33 each for the
first payment and $.62 1-2 each for the 2nd payment. The receipts
were kept in the old chest with lots of other papers, but now are
bound in a book and are in the Parsons Memorial Librarv. They
furnish a reliable list of the heads of families in 1837. and also an
insight of the times and the dififerent way we look at mUUons now.
I think most towns handled this matter in a similar wav. If other
towms have their receipts, they should be carefully preserved. We
have been too careless in these matters.
74 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
gRlA.N:Dmother's grandmother
By Louise Helen Coburn
Grandmother's grandmother, through the woods
Moose and red man were wont to roam,
Brought her babes and her household goods
To make in the wilderness a home.
The Kennebec rippled beside her door,
Or laid a crystal roadway there ;
The shadow of pines on her cabin floor
Took shape of Indian and hear.
No woman for feminine service made,
Shut from the work of the world was she ; —
Home was a factory, life a trade,
And Mother a captain of industry.
She was tailor, milliner, miantua-maker,
Upholsterer, weaver of carpet and rug,
Chandler, soapmaker, dairy-maid, baker.
Knitter of hose and mittens snug.
Weaver of wool for blanket and gown,
Weaver of linen for bed and table,
Dyer of crimson and purple and brown,
Spinner and broiderer as she was able.
Twenty trades were hers to command,
A dozen professions were hers to fill ;
Doctor and dentist always at hand.
Trained nurse and kindergartner at will.
Grandmother's grandmoither's sons were bold.
Steady of arm and keen of eye.
Skilled to fell the white pine old.
Taught to fear God and to scorn a lie.
Grandmother's grandmother's girls were fair,
Patient to take up her task again,
Swift to labor and strong to bear,
Makers of homes and mothers of men.
Peacefully by the river side
Grandmother's grandmother lies at rest ;
The tall pines whisper to the tide,
And drop their needles upon her breast.
GRANDMOTHER'S GRANDMOTHER
75
Where cities welcome or deserts wait,
Or prairies their yellow bounty tell, —
Wliere the new West looks through the Golden Gate,
Grandmother's grandmother's children dwell.
W here commerce wheels his dizzy round,
Where g'litters the gold in mountain mine,
Where orange orchards smile, are found
The sons and daughters of her line.
Their names are writ on the honor roll
Of every battle for freedom and right;
Their feet have been swift in the race whose goal
Is the wider look from the fairer height.
The torch of itrrth and the flag of the free
They have borne from ocean tide to tide;
They have plarted homes from sea to sea.
Whose fruitage ripe is the nation's pride.
Poorer the world were, you may know, —
Poorer and leaner and sadder the land, —
Had grandmother's grandmother, long ago,
To lover and husband denied her hand.
Block House, Fort Kent
76 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
We regret that for various reasons this nunil)er of the Jour-
nal contains less reading matter than usuaL- The remaining issues
of this volume will assuredly be at least equal in size to any former
ones and probably larger.
Mr. Fred W. Sanborn, the genial editor and publisher of the
Norway (Maine) Advertiser, one of the live local weeklies of our
state, during the month of June last past, made his annual fishing
trip to Moose Head Lake. He autoed from Xorw.ay to the Piscat-
aquis Exchange at Greenville Junction, and stopped over night at
the Blethen House in Dover.
He furnished the Advertiser with an interesting account of his
journey, and the points of interest that attracted his attention along
the way. We take therefrom the following :
John F. Sprague, lawyer, historian ard author, was found reading and
marking proof sheets of Sprague's Journal of Maine History. It is printed
at the Sentinel Office in Waterville and i,6oo copies are issued quarterly
with some i,4CO annual sul)scriliers and is on its sixth year. It has lived
'to complete live volumes containing about 300 pages each. The volumes are
carefully indexed and nicely liound and sell for $2.03 each. They are highly
prized by those interested in the history of the State of Maine. I have a
complete set. Volume one is difficult to get and sells for five dollars. I
had four volumes sent to Don Seitz of Xew York and the first will go when
it can be found.
Judge Edgar C. Simith, former Judge of the Dover ^Municipal Court and
collector of tombstone inscriptions and compiler of a liibliography of Maine
maps, and Moses Greenleaf's papers and letters, was present. Ex-Congress-
man Frank E. Guernsey dropped in and joined in a discussion of history,
literature, politics and war, not omitting the recent postoffice upheaval at
Dover and Foxcroft.
From the Massachusetts Register for the year 1804 (page 99) we
learn that the justices of the Circuit Court of Common Pieas foi
Cumberland County were William Gorham of Gorham, Chief Jus-
tice. Stephen Longfellow of Gorham, Robert Southgate of Scar-
borough and John Frothingham of Portland were the justices.
Special justices were WilHam Thompson af Scarborough and Isaac
Parsons of New Gloucester. Samuel Freeman of Portland 'Was
clerk of the coiinnon pleas and also the Register of Probate and
William Gorham besides holding down the Chief Justiceship, was
also the Judge of Probate.
INOV.
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CONTENTS
77
O. R. Emerson, M. D.
J. J. McVetv, M. D.
The E. & M. Hospital
Newport, Maine
Admits all medical and surgical cases except conta-
gious and mental diseases
For information, rates, etc., address:
OLGA J. HANSON, Supt., Newport, Me.
CONTENTS
PAOE
Biographic Glimpses of some Maine Men 79
Regarding Soldiers of American Revolution 105
Revolutionary Records of Descendants of Nathaniel Oak 112
Alphabetical Index of Maine Revoltitionary Pensioners 117
Relating to the War of 1812 125
Editorial 129
Notes and Fragments 132
Sayings of Subscribers 134
52
YEARS the Insurance Man off Somerset Co.
Never a Failure— Never a Law Suit— What more do you want?
CHARLES FOLSOM-JONES, Skowhegan Maine
We have positive evidence of the reliability of the advertisers on these pages
John Andrew Peters
Sprague's Journal of Maine History
Vol. VI NOV. DEC. 1918, JAN. 1919 No. 3
Biographic Glimpses of Some
Maine Men
JOHN ANDREW PETERS
Bom in EllswortJi, Maine, Oct. 9, 1822. Died in Bangor,
Maine, April 2, 1904.
Graduate of Yale College ; studied law, was admitted to the bar.
and had a large practice ; member of the Maine legislature 1862-
1864; Attorney-General of Maine 1864-1866; elected as a republican
to the fortieth, forty-first, and forty-second congresses ; appointed a
judge of the Supreme Court of Maine, in 1872; chief justice in
1883; resigned from the bench in 1901.
Some years ago Maine's great statesman, James G. Blaine was
in social converse with some trusted friends when one of them
asked him, "whom do you regard as the greatest man in Maine?"
Quickly and with much emphasis he answered: "John Peters of
Bangor is by far the biggest man in our state today."
His name was then a household word all over Maine. When
spoken it was a token for thought and speech in a brilliant and hu-
morous vein. One who did not have readily at hand a new and
original ''John Peters story" was of doubtful standing as lawyer,
politician or publicist. And yet a new generation of bright young
lawyers are coming to the front who know him only as they study
his sound, clear and logical legal opinions handed down in the Maine
law reports.
As a man thev have no knowledge of him other than is tradi-
tional. Thev have heard their older associates in speaking of him.
sigh, and utter the echo of a former chorus of thousands of Maine
people, "well there never was but one John Peters ; there can never
be another."
8o SPRACiUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
In the liislory of Maine's jnrisi)rudence this just judge has a
high place that time can never obHterate. Yet his name Hngers in
our memory as a man among men, beloved by all. He was great
intellectually. His instinctive knowledge and understanding of hu-
man nature was amazing. He detested hypocrisy. He hated shams.
He loved humanity and his vision of men and things was big and
broad. He was a trvie type of real manhood.
THE EDES FAMILY OF DOVER-FOXCROFT. MAINE
George V. Edes was the tirst printer in Piscataquis County.
He was born in Boston, Feb. 14, 1797 and died in Foxcroft, Maine.
Nov. 26. 1875. He learned his trade with his uncle, Peter Edes
who was the first printer in Augusta and Bangor. He commenced
with his uncle when a youth, being an apprentice when Peter wan
located at Augusta. He came to Bangor and worked for his uncla
while he published the Bangor Weekly Register, which was from
November, 1815 to August, 1817.
In 1823 he located in Norridgewock, and formed a partnership
with Thomas J. Copeland under the firm name of Edes & Copeland.
for the publication of the Somerset Journal, the first newspaper
published in Somerset County. This partnership continued for
about a year and a half when Mr. Copeland purchased Mr. Edes'
interest in the paper and the partnership was dissolved. Mr. Edesj
however, continued to print the paper until December, 1836. He
located in Dover in 1838 and connnenced the publication of the
Piscataquis Herald.
On October 13, 1825. Mr. Edes married Susan Witherell of
Norridgewock. Their children were Augusta, Marcia. Caroline.
I'.dward. Charles, Wm. Henry, George and Samuel D.
The Pi.scataquis Herald was a four-page paper 12x18 in size,
and the office of publication was as stated in the first number, "in
the second story of the store occupied by A. S. Patten, Es(i.'*
This was on Merrick Square in the Village of Dover. The
paper advocated the \\ hig cause in politics. In those days country
editors engaged in ])artisan discussions more than to day.
Mr. lules was a man of strong convictions and fearless in his
advocacy of them. Political feeling ran so high that some of his
enemies in 1838 made an assault u]>on his (.fflce by throwing stones
through the window.
THE EDKS FAMILY
George \' . Edc;
In 1842 the name of the paper was changed to Piscataquis
Farmer with the intention of remainincj neutral in poHtics hut when
the presidential cam|)aio;n of 1844 was in full swi'ig- it entered into
it with its usual vigor.
In 1847 the name was changed to I^iscatatjuis Observer and
lias retained that name ever since.
In the early seventies he formed a co-partnership with his
younger son Samuel D. Fdes and thev continued the business as
S2 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
— ,j"«^-
G. V. Edes and Son until 1875 when Fred D. Barrows became a
partner of the firm and the name changed to Edes and Barrows.
This partnership was continued until 1888 when the plant was
purchased by citizens of Dover-Foxcroft who formed a corporation
known as the Observer Publishing Co. Later Liston P. Evans of
Dover became sole owner of this corporation.
Samuel D. Edes continued as its editor until this time. Mr.
Evans is now and has ever since then been its editor.
Mr. Samuel D. Edes is a resident of Foxcroft where he was
born. Since leaving the newspaper work he has been actively
engaged much of the time in real estate business.
Edes avenue in Foxcroft Village is the result of his activities
along this line. He has always been prominent in public affairs in
the town, a Republican in politics, a member of the Congregational
Church and Kineo lodoge, I. O. O. F.
VIRGIL G. EATON
Virgil G. Eaton, one of the ablest neivspaper men {hat Maine
has ever produced, ivas born in Prospect, Main<e, June 25, 1850,
and died in South Brczvcr, Maine. July /j, 79/7.
For many years the writer enjoyed his friendship and was sad-
dened by his departure from this life. His character was unique in
many ways but admirable and lovable in every way. His writings
charmed and interested all. His delightful descriptions of birds and
bird life will long be remembered by many Maine people.
The following tribute to his memory is from the pen of Sam E.
Conner, himself one of the bright and well known writers in Maine
newspaper circles today. It is a true and beautiful picture of the
man :
To most of the telegrapli editors who read the brief Associated Press
dispatch out of Bangor, Friday, announcing the death of Virgil G. Eaton
at his home in South Brewer it meant simply the passing of another old-
timer of the newspaper game. To a few of the men now helping to make
newspapers and to a great many others who are no longer at the work it
caused a tightening sensation around the heart and in not a few cases, I
am proud to say, tears welled up to the eyes, for "Virg" Eaton was one of
those who when he made friends — which he did wherever he went — made
tliem for life and held them by the subtle, indescribable something that
makes true friendship ; the thing that holds regardless of the number of
miles and years wln'ch have separated the personal association.
VIRGIL G. EATON 83
Virgil G. Eaton, and I do not say "Mr. Virgil G. Eaton," for if there
was one thing he detested it was that little two-letter prefix, is the last of
a galaxy of writers which made the old Boston Globe famous ; one of the
last of a band of newspaper men who made the Globe a producer of men
who could both get news and then write it. But two of these are left in
active service in Maine today ; they are Lawrence T. Smyth of the Bangor
Daily News and our own Arthur G. Staples of the Journal. Holman Day,
you know, has quit the ranks of the reporter. These men do not write
the choppy, brief statement of facts which is the present day vogue in
newspaper writing; they tell the story, but paint a picture of it. That
was w4iat Eaton always did. There was nothing matter-of-fact or com-
monplace in what he wrote. He sparkled and glowed and stuck out either
with humor or pathos. He never was dull ; he couldn't be if he tried.
=!: * *
For the past dozen years Virgil Eaton had not been active in newspaper
work and the last half dozen had lived in retirement at his farm in South
Brewer, writing occasional articles for Boston, New York papers, the
Lewiston Journal and for magazines. His health has been constantly failing
and his friends have, for the past year, realized that his time here was limited.
Before going into the newspaper business he had a varied career. He
went abroad for a bit and some of his experiences there would make interest-
ing copy. He never wrote of them; never used them as the foundation for a
story. That was one of his peculiarities, he never drew on his own experi-
ences to furnish material for his pen, depending entirely upon observations
of what others did for his plots and ideas.
He gathered his education, or rather the foundation for it, for his great
education was obtained in the school of experience and travel, in the public
schools of Prospect and at the Eastern Maine seminary at Bucksport. In
those student days he attracted attention. He was both the pride and
despair of the seminary authorities. This information I obtained not from
him, but from the late Henry E. Wing of Lewiston, who was a schoolmate
of his there. Eaton's ability to assimilate lessons and to think up practical
jokes kept the teachers busy. After leaving the seminary he taught school
for a while and then decided to go into newspaper work — he did not call it
journalism. Nothing aroused his ire quicker than to refer to him as a jour-
nalist. He never cared for the title "editor." To be a good reporter was
the one thing he aspired to and in this, tho he never admitted it, he succeeded.
His first job was with the Globe in Boston. At that time the Globe was
not the great newspaper it is today. Col. Taylor was building it up. For a
time Eaton was assigned to district work. His efiorts there attracted atten-
tion, but it was not until one day when he was sent out to do a story on a
storm that his reputation was established. That storm story was different.
Boston had never read anything like it. Tt started talk and Virgil Eaton
ceased duty as a district man.
From that time on his rise was rapid. It would be impossible to tell
even half the big stories which he did. The stunts which he put thru were
astonishing, especially when it is recalled that the telephone was not used
as it is today.
,84 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
Sporring. men of the old, old days will recall the great battle between
I Ike Weir, the -Bel fast Spider, and Heverland, but they never knew how close
the Globe came to being beaten on that yarn. The fight was pulled off in
; secret and a riyal paper was in on the proposition. The Globe got a tip but
too late to. rush men to the fight. Eaton was assigned to get the story. In
, company with a stenographer he haunted the railroad station where those
, returning from the bout must arrive in Boston. When the fight crowd came
- in he got one of them, a veteran authority on boxing, took him to a cafe
, and while they ate the sporting man described the fight, round by round
; and blow by blow. This was taken down by the stenographer, who rushed
back to the office, transcribed it and it went into the paper that morning.
: While the- stenographer was doing his work, Eaton wrote a picturesque lead
describing the scenes of the battle. The story could have been but little
better had the Globe been able to get a man to the bout. At that time Eaton
was doing special work for the New York Herald in Boston. He wired them
a story of the fight. The Herald's appreciation took the form of a personal
compliment from James Gordon Bennett, the gift of a diamond stick pin
and a substantial bonus in cash. It also brought Eaton the offer of one of
the biggest assignments which the Herald ever gave a man. He declined to
accept it because he believed it belonged to another man. That shows his
sense of fair play.
I note that the story sent out of Bangor says that Eaton toured the
world with General Grant. He may have ; but for twelve years I was closely
associated with him and for the last dozen years have seen him frequently.
He never boasted or bragged of his work, the things he told came out in
. the course of conversation and what I am writing today is the putting to-
gether of fragments of conversation covering a period from 1892 to last
November. In that time I never heard of his going with Grant. He did
tour Europe with Blaine. That, I tliink, was what was meant.
* * *
Probably the biggest job Eaton ever did in Maine was, many years ago,
when he came down into York County from the Globe and exposed the
! tramp scandal. This was where certain officials were in a deal with tramps
to arrest them, send them to jail for brief terms, dividing the fees with the
tramps. It was a gold mine while it lasted, but Eaton, disguised as a hobo,
got the yarn and the jig was up.
His sense of humor was as large as he and he was a veritable giant.
His black eyes would twinkle at anything on that line even tho a joke be
on himself. Probably no story which he ever wrote gave him so much satis-
faction as one telling of the devastation of Maine forests by the cutting of
.'fir for use at Christmas. The Department of .Agriculture took it up and
got very excited before the absurdity of the thing was really discovered.
For many years he wrote regulaly for the Sunday New York Sun. His
stories were fiction, hut in the form of news. There were tales of bears
, and of fish and of all sorts of things. He it was who originated the story
of bears in northern Maine climbing telegraph poles and pulling down the
Iwires in their -efforts to find the honey in the poles, the buzz of the wire
causing them to think a hive of wild bees were in the poles. An English
magazine took this up and illustrated the article.
VIRGIL G. EATON 85
In 18S9, wlien the electric railroad was put in operation in Bangor Eaton
wrote a story for the Daily News which created great excitement. He
related the dangers and benefits of riding on the cars. As a result of it
every suflferer from rheumatics and other diseases who could do so piled on
the cars and rode to be cured by the wonderful electricity which escaped
from the motors. At the same time everybody who had a \vatch was greatly
disturbed as to the effect of this escaping current on the time pieces.
He wrote for many of the leading magazines articles of a scientific
nature, as well as fiction. His grasp of affairs and of general knowledge was
wonderful. He never forgot a thing once he read it.
His political foresight was wonderful and his judgment of men could
not have been exceeded. His style of writing was peculiar, yet charming.
It ought to have reminded one of Dickens, yet it was only at titnes that it
did. It should have for Dickens was his favorite author. He made a rule
to the very last to read Dickens thru and thru once each year.
At the cheerful old farmhouse in South Brewer where he lived Eaton
had a collection of gifts, from desks to binoculars which he had received
as tokens of appreciation from newspapers and others for service rendered.
He loved books and yet not in the way that others do. He loved them as
books, not as a show, and had hundreds of them. In no way can I better
illustrate what I mean than by the following incident : Some years ago I
was looking up a matter and it became necessary to secure certain informa-
tion, which it seemed only Eaton could provide. I drove down to his farm
and stated my case. He listened and then said : "Why, I've got just the book
}^ou want, come up to my library and I'll get it for you." With that he led
the way up into the attic, where stood great numbers of flour barrels, each
one filled with books. Walking to one of them he dug down and drew forth
the volume he \vanted. All his books were stored that way, instead of on
shelves, yet he know in exactly which barrel each book was. He needed no
index to find the volume desired on any subject or at any time.
Of Virgil G. Eaton it can be said : He was one of the most delightful of
men, absolutely loyal to his paper and his friends, who forgot his enemies
and remembered only those he loved.
PAN
In AIemoriam, Virgil G. Eaton
Stalwart and massive, so ruggedly strong
His proportions suggested a big native pine.
Towering through cycles, impressively long,
Above all his fellows, this great Pan of mine.
Sterling and orthodox, sound to the core.
His reeds never piped a demagogue lay.
And nothing, I think, ever tickled him more
Than to startle a dreamer out of his way.
86 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
Conservative? Yes, a trifle, perhaps;
You see, old things always suited him best,
Old friends and old inns, old roads and old maps,
Penobscot better than anywhere West.
The hollyhocks there by the old cottage door.
The bluets and buttercups dow^n by the spring-
Will miss their companion and lover of yore,
And so will each bird he ever heard sing.
This is the reason we liked him so well.
He was real as the turf upon which vfe tread.
He knew every herb, every sprig in the dell.
The haunts by the wood-folk most frequented.
The vain and the heedless, who care not for rhyme.
For Nature's sweet lessons may scoff at them still.
But some of us yet love posies and thyme —
In "Poordock" and "over to Perkins' mill."
Portland. Eugene Edwards.
GEORGE C. WING
It is not often that a man in the full vigor of his life work is
publicly honored in quite a remarkable manner by his friends and
fellow citizens. Yet this is just what happened to Judge George C.
Wing of Auburn, Maine at the DeWitt hotel in Lewiston, Maine,
April 23, 1918. The occasion was the fiftieth anniversary of his
life as a lawyer and member of the Androscoggin bar.
Dana S. Williams was toastmaster, and congratulatory addresses
were delivered by George McCarthy, Judge Newall, Judge Manson.
Hon. F. A. Morey, Joseph G. Chabot and Justice Dtmn of the
Supreme Judicial Court of Maine. Among the letters and tele-
grams received from absent friends were those from Congressman
Wallace H. White, Forest E. Ludden, John A. Morrill (now Judge
of the Supreme Court), Justices George E. Bird, Warren C. Phil-
brook, Arno W. King and Chief Justice Leslie C. Cornish. Judge
Wing's response was a happy one from which we make the follow-
ing excerpts :
There are in this world things that money cannot buy, for which terms
of commercial value are inappropriate, and which language fails to describe
their worth. And there are debts incurred that nothing known to the human
GEORGE C. WING 87
mind can repay, satisfy or cancel. Your confidence, your manifestations of
respect, your great l<indness to me have touched me tenderly, and I am re-
warded over and over again for every effort I have made during the struggle
of life covering a half century, and for whatever of success I have attained.
And I here and now confess judgment in your favor for all my indebtedness
to you which covers all my belongings, mental and material.
]\Iy appreciation of you and each of you is most sincere and while I
make no clamor of expression I assure you that ihe depth of my feeling of
gratitude is beyond my power of embodying in utterance. From the bottom
of my full heart I sincerely thank you.
:1c ^ ^
Fifty 3'ears — a half century — what does it mean when we consider the
changes wrought during that time in every department of life and effort?
It means everything that we now regard as of value or of practical utility,
but it seems like a "watch in the night" when it is past, and as yesterday.
Fifty years ago yesterday I left my home in Livermore and came to
Auburn, a lonely passenger on a stage coach thai: at that time made the trip
every other day from Livermore Falls to Auburn on the west side of the
river. I had taught school a part of every year after I was sixteen and had
earned a reputation as a capable manager of surly boys, or young men, and
a good teacher. I had read and studied law in a country office and had
devoured the contents of all the text books it coniained, but knew very little
of the practical application of that with which my memory was stored. I
was familiar with Blackstone and to this day have derived pleasing and con-
vincing proof of the dignity of the common law from the writings of the
greatest lawyer of his time. I had read the cases in the Maine reports where
subjects of the greatest interest to me had been determined by our own court,
but T was a good deal of a boy, without the benefit of attendance at jury
trials in court, and it is needless to say that when I sought out the examining
committee and presented my certificates of character and of the time I had
spent in study, there was a very large and very hot lump in my throat.
The examining committee was composed of Judge Enos T. Luce, John
W. May and Augustus M. Pulsifer.
Judge Wing is one of the best known lawyers and publicists of
Maine. At this time the Lewiston Journal summed up his past
activities as follows :
He was actively engaged in obtaining the conveyance to the city of Au-
burn by the owners of the Edward Little institute of the land forming the
Edward Little park, and establishing the Edward Little high school The
conveyance was made on his birthday, April 16, 1874.
In March, 1876, with Ara Cushman, John T. Randall. Henry \\illis,
Moses Crafts, Francis M. Jordan and John F. Cobb, all of whom are now
dead, the National Shoe & Leather bank was incorporated, and from the date
of its incorporation imti'l now he has been a director.
For several years he was director of the .\uburn Horse Railroad
company, formed m 1881.
In 1884 he formed the Lewiston & .\nburn Electric Light company, and
was its first president.
88 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
Actively engaged in the location and erection of the Soldiers' monument.
The inscription on the monument is of his own composition.
Was largely instrumental in obtaining a government post office in Auburn,
and it was thru his personal effort that the gift of the library was obtained
from Andrew Carnegie.
Has been a member of the Auburn school board for several years and
several times has been elected city solicitor.
Was for a great many years a trustee and treasurer of the Mount Auburn
Cemetery corporation.
A member of all the Masonic bodies, the Mystic Shrine, the Knights of
Pythias, a member of the Maine Historical society and of the Sons of the
American Revolution. He was a member of the Senate of Maine in 1903.
President of the Androscoggin Bar association since February, 1902, and
from 1913 to 1975 was president of the Maine State Bar association. Is now
a member of the American Bar association.
A trustee of Colby college since igoi, and in 1909 the college conferred
upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws.
Director of the Portland & Rumford Falls railway from the date
of its organization until it was leased to the Maine Central railroad.
The first president of the Auburn board of trade as now constituted.
Organized in 1886, the Auburn Home for Aged Women, and since that
date has been an officer of the corporation, and for many recent years its
president. The present spacious Home was built imder his administration.
JOSIAH BACON MAYO
Born in Freeport, Maine, Feb. 19, 1826 — Died in Foxeroft,
Maine, Sept. ly, 191S.
Among the pioneers in the woolen mannfactiiring industry in
eastern Maine, was John Gould Mayo. He was of English descent
and his ancestors were among the first settlers of Ackworth, in
SulHvan County, New Hampshire. He moved to the State of
Maine about 1820 and resided in Freeport, Denny sville and other
places in this state until about 1846 when he located in Foxeroft
and established a small woolen mill, the firm being Mayo, Bush and
Hale.
In 1853 having purchased his partners' interests he with his
son Josiah reorganized under the firm name of Mayo & Son. It
developed into a large business and retained this name as a partner-
ship and later as a corporation until it was recently purchased by
the American Woolen Company.
JOSIAH BACON MAYO
89
J'>3iah Bacon Mayo
Josiah Bacon Mayo attended the village schools of Kennebunk
and the private school of Dr. Patten in Edmunds, and graduated
from the Foxcroft Aca:!emy. John G. Mayo died December 9, 1879
after which the business was conducted by Josiah B. and his brother
John G. Mayo, Jr. In 1895 he retired from the business and was
succeeded by his son. Col. Edward J. Mayo. He and Maj. Walter
J. Mayo carried it on until the sa'e to the American Woolen Co.
He married, Sept. 5. 1848. Eliza Ann Sprague of Pembroke, Maine,
whose death occurred at Foxcroft Jan. 10, 1909. Their, children
have been Eliza M.. now Mrs. Eliza M. Chase, of Portland and
Edward J., now living, and George Frederick and Mary Ellen, both
deceased.
Mrs. Mayo was a descendant of Col. John Allan of revolution-
ary fame and whom Gen. Washington appointed Superintendent of
the Maine Indians during the Revolution.
C) See Journal Vol. 2, pp. 233-257.
90 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
Mr. Mayo held interests in other woolen mills in Maine and
Massachusetts and other states and was well and favorably known
among his associates throughout New England for his integrity and
upright dealings.
He was director in the old Bangor and Piscataquis R. R. now a
part of the Bangor and Aroostook system, and in 1889 was one of
the principal promoters of the Dexter and Piscataquis R. R. and
its president until the time of his death. He was deeply interested
in the Foxcroft Academy, and from the first a liberal supporter of
the Good Will Home, for many years one of its trustees. He waa
a member of the Foxcroft Congregational Church; Mosaic Lodge
F. & A. M. ; Maine Piscataquis R. A. C. ; Kineo Lodge I. O. O. F.
and El Dorado encampment, and of the Piscataquis club. While
declining to hold any political offices he was always an active mem-
ber of the republican party and a delegate from Maine to its national
Convention in Cincinnati in 1876.
Broad and liberal in his views of men and things, ever unassum-
ing, kind and polite to all, he was in every sense a real gentleman and
his friends were many and from every walk in life.
At the funeral services his pastor the Reverend John H. Wilkins
was the officiating clergyman and his life long friend Reverend
George W. Hinckley of Good Will Home spoke in eulogy of his
life career which was a beautiful and eloquent tribute to his memory.
He was a good citizen, a good man, a true friend. His methods
in life helped to promote happiness and not despair among his
fellow men.
GEORGE E. MAYO
l"he sudden death by pneumonia of George E. ^layo at Foxcroft,
September 2-], igi8, son of Colonel Mayo and grandson of Josiab
B. Mayo was a sad occurrence. He was born in Foxcroft and was
33 years of age. His home had been in that town until about two
years ago when he removed to Pittsfield. Maine and was General
Manager of woolen mills there. He was a director in the Lock-
svood Co. of Waterville, Maine and a capable and energetic business
man. He was a member of Mosaic Lodge F. & A. M.. of Piscata-
quis R. A. C. and a member of the Piscataquis Club.
ALBERT RUSSELL SAVAGE 9^'
JOHN H. DANFORTH
The coniniunity of Dover-Foxcroft on Sept. 30, 1918 sustained
another severe loss in the death of John H. Danforth, son of Dana
H. and Margaret (Clark) Danforth. He was born in La Grange,
Maine, July 26, 1892 and had for several years resided in Foxcroft.
Business and social circles and two homes were saddened by the
untimely death of this young man. He was a member of Mosaic
Lodge, F. & A. M., of Foxcroft Chapter R. A. M., and the Piscata-
quis Club.
ALBERT RUSSELL SAVAGE
It is not fulsome praise to say that the late Albert Russell Savage,
Chief Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine, was one of
the greatest of Maine's able and honored men who have held that
high position and was everywhere recognized as one of the most
notable jurists of New England.
We herewith append the following response of the Court de-
livered by Chief Justice Cornish of the Supreme Judicial Court of
Maine at the special session of the Law Court held in honor of his
memory :
Chief Justice Savage, in whose loved memory we are met today, stepped
so suddenly from the chamber we call life into the chamber we call death,
which we believe is but another room in the house of the good Father, that
he almost seems not to have left us, and ^ it is with difficuUy that we can
realize his departure He had returned to his home in Auburn on Monday,
Tune nth, horn the law court in Bangor, where he had seemed as well as at
any time during the past three years, and had presided over the session of
that court with his accustomed grace and dignity. On Tuesday and Wednes-
day he was busy with his judicial work, hearing causes in chambers, and
preparing an extended note in a case pending the law court where there had
been a divergence of views. On the day before he passed away he wrote out
in his own clear and bea\itiful hand a' decision in a matter that he had
recently heard, dated it the following day, Thursday, June 14, iQi?, and left
it on his desk awaiting his return next mornhig. But next morning, instead
of returnmg to the courthouse and to his chambers, which by long association
had become so dear to him, without warning, without pain his spirit took
its flight from the burdening body, and after many years of honorable and
honored labor he was at rest.
Chief Justice Savage was truly a product of northern New England
born in Vermont, educated in New Hampshire, his life work developed and
92 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
completed in .Maine, lie was the very enibodinient of the characteristics of
our northern country. Towering and majestic like its mountains, placid
and equable like its lakes, with a depth of reserved power like its noble
rivers, his nature could and did drink in the joys and the pleasures of a
verdured June, or submit in silent strength and resignation to the sorrows
and disappointmemts of a bleak and drear November. His birth place was
Ryegate, Vermont.
Judge Savage was born on December 8, 1847. His father was a farmer,
and there, in that remote rural community the boy grew up amid all those
typic surroundings, which may then have seemed to him like privations, but
which in reality were rich blessings. Industry, prudence, thrift, rational
ambition, and patience, these constituted the environment. He was fond of
recounting his early days upon the farm and looked back upon them with
appreciation of their formative value. His college was Dartmouth, an insti-
tution which has given three chief justices to Maine.
During his college course and after graduation he taught in northern
New Hampshire and northern Vermont ; and as we jouneyed together from
Montreal to Portland a few years ago, he pointed out to me in a reminiscent
mood, one of the districts in wliich he had taught while in college. He then
studied law and was admitted to the bar of Androscoggin county at the
April term, 1875, and for more than forty-two years he upheld the best
traditions of that bar and of the profession. As a practising attorney from
1875 to 1S97, a period of twenty-two years, his rise from rather small be-
ginnings was constant, until he was recognized as one of the leaders of the
bar in the state. Those present here today who were his associates or his
adversaries in many a hard-fought battle know full well the strength of his
honorable warfare. Amid his many professional cares, however, he found
time to serve in varied positions of public trust, in all of which he proved
his capacity for administrative and judicial labor, while at the same time
his own experience was broadening and liis intellectual equipment was devel-
oping.
During this period, too, he prepared, and, on January i, 1897, he pub-
lished, the first volume of his Index Digest of the Maine Reports, a task
that consumed the hours which others were devoting to rest or recreation,
and thereby he made the profession his acknowledged debtor. It was a
work which proved the analytical qualities of his mind, and greatly enhanced
liis legal reputation
The dominant element in Judge Savage's character was untiring indus-
try. Voltaire's motto, "Always at work," was his. He had the capacity
for unremitting mental labor, and he exercised that capacity to the full.
"Nulla dies sine linea." Physically he was inclined to be indolent, mentally he
was ever active, and herein lay the source of his strength. Each year brought
growth in legal knowledge and intellectual power, as the giant oak acquires
each twelve months its circle of added fibre. Tn his chambers, he was always
busy, and when the day's work was finished and his books and liis jicn laid
aside, he would devote hours to the solution of an intricate picture puzzle,
or commit to memory a page of his favorite. Shakespeare. During the last
years of his life he mastered several of the plays of the great dramatist, and
ALBERT RUSSELL SAVAGE 93
could recite then, verbatin.. a task of magnitude. On his desk, right at hand,
he always kept the well-thumbed volume.
In 1909 l.e brought out his supplemental index d.gest, hndn.g tunc
therefor amid his exacting judicial labors.
To this talent for work, which i. but another name tor genms. ve must
add I: open mind and an innate love of justice. If he had P/e^Khce^,, he
concealed them. I doubt if he possessed any. H:s smgle thought was o d s
cove the way the light of legal truth leadeth. And so, wUh th.s legal n ud
Tonltantly in training, his strength waxed with the years, and he advanced
bv steady strides into the ranks of Maine's great judges.
' A nis prius he was welcome in every county. He was popular ,n t le
only true and desirable sense, in that popularity with lym was a result and
n a motive He presided over the trial of a cause before a jury w.th ase
a d .■ ac and dignity. He spoke infrequently. His words had therefore
he 'reater weigh . With his full mind he was able to rule promptly and
fqL^ely thus e;pediting the cause, while always giving the aggr.ev.d ^ary
his rio-ht of exception. He never feared exceptions. I have often heard
him s^y that he w'as glad when exceptions were ^^^en to a dou fu r^n
because if it was wrong he wished it to be made right. His charges to the
u r we imple, clear, informing, not essays on abstract law but plain
Iks To la n me, on the issues before them. He was master of the situa-
on He looked the part and he acted the part. He J-. ^^ from al
u-i-f n- nf temner He never seemed to be irritated himself, and he
:,:;■;,.: z : iL^r i- -y ^^ -« ^-y ^i^-^ -^" ■- '--
He wa patient kindly, cottrteotts; yet there was an underlynig firnt, e.>
" icrti^ot: h tt obt/u'si-e, was silently tnanifest. U was ^J- -*=; '^JJ
.cen In l,is personal relations the same was true. There was a fee n, o
friendship. J somehow, except to a ehosen few, ,t stopped ,ns, short of
'""Itt with nineteen d.fleren. ind.es in the law court. "e^i™""|; -»
■ ■ :,h n.ief lustice Peters. His l^rst published opinion was Rhoades
Tc^u" at* c y ole month after his appointment, and appearing
n T^l 453. ,,8 Atl.. 367. His last was State v. Jeiniess ai^unced . ,
a week before his death. This will appear in 1 16 Me.. 100, Atl.. 933^ "« J
;e"en youmes therefore contain the result of his appellate «»*. They
arreJte 434 full opinions, in addition to 63 per curiam rescripts a total
of near!: five luindred decisions, representing his contribution to the turis-
"""'i;;dle"sar.e*ad a singularly happy style. He developed his opinions
so 10' iUv a io lucidly L they marched straight on ,0 the cone us.on
.nd thev were easy reading even for a layman. His pen ran smoothly. He
tg to Zlayo'; learniirg, but the learning was ^^"-^^'" ^ ^:Z
d°y understanding. He often made his points u, sharp -*«- °"; f^; '.
the nail with every blow and the wood was left unsearred. This "•''^ '^P'
'e^,r;' le of his Ler opinions, in some <;^^which the use o^, con.mc.,on, is
almost dispensed with, and no verb is far separated irom
He did not seek the startling expression, and y^^-^--^^--^,^ ^^^ "mc .
the epigrammatic. In one of his last opinions. Bixler v. Y^^'^find these
33 100 Atl.. 467. a case involving fraud in the sale of goods, we find these
94 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
words, which f.re characteristic not only of his literary style, but of the
man himself; "The law dislikes negligence. It seeks properly to make the
enforcement of men's rights depend in very considerable degree upon whether
they have been negligent in conserving and protecting their rights. But the
law abhors fraud. And when it comes to an issue whether fraud shall pre-
vail or negligence, it would seem that a court of justice is quite as much
bound to stamp out fraud, as it is to foster reasonable care."
I cannot close without a brief reference to the personal appearance of
Judge Savage, so familiar to us, but unknown to those who may read these
words in after years. Of commanding height, with a fully developed and
well-rounded figure, and an upright carriage, he was indeed a king among
men. Whenever and wherever he represented the court we were proud of
him. His figure was imposing and his countenance strong and fine. He was
.moderate in movement, moderate, too, in speech. His voice was deep and
■rich as a, cathedral bell with a peculiarly sympathetic quality that was most
charming. It attracted and held attention. Usually reserved and dignified,
yet when that kindly smile illumined his face you were made an instant
friend. He loved companionship and the society of congenial associates.
He was a welcome visitor at the fireside, and after an evening's talk before
the open fire one was impressed with the sweetness as well as the strength
of his character. He was singularly modest. Publicity he disliked and
avoided. He met with personal bereavements in the loss of family far beyond
the lot of any man within my acquaintance, but no one ever heard him
utter a word of complaint. With him tribulation indeed worked patience.
It softened him and made him tender.
DAVID DINSMORE STEWART
, David Dinsmore Stewaii: who died at his home in St. Albans.
Maine, Deceniber 3, 191 7, was for a quarter of a century regarded
as the nestor of the Maine bar and was in many ways a remarkable
man. He retained his mental vigor until the hour of his death, being
then in the ninety-fifth year of his age, having been born in Corinna,
Maine, Oct. 22, 1823.
He attended the common schools of his native town and later
was a student in Colby and Bowdoin colleges. He commenced the
practice of law in that village in 1847 ^^""^ continued it there for
.seventy years.
St. Albans is one of Maine's thrifty farming towns but in those
days and for many years later it was a stage coach and tote team
centre, hence a desirable location at that time for a young lawyer
beginning his career. He was a great lawyer in every sense of that
term.
JOHN B. MADIGAN 95
He acquired such an extensive practice in that httle country vil-
lage that he amassed a fortune large for any lawyer in either city
or country town practice, and what was an amazing one for a coun-
try lawyer.
With him it never was a case of Mohammed going to the moun-
tain, the mountain always went to him. It had to. His ability and
integrity as an attorney were fully understood all over Maine and
his clientage extended into all parts of the state.
And yet in the early days of his busy life he found time to at-
tend to republican politics, was a member of the Maine legislature,
and in 1864 president of the Senate. He had however little taste
for the life of a politician. The law was his mistress and he was
faithful to her demands for a period that covers life's allotted span.
JOHN B. MADIGAN
Judge Madiyan ivas born in Hoiilton. Maine. January 4.
1863 and died there Jan. 19, ipi^-
As a boy he attended the public school of Houlton and graduated
from Ricker Classical Institute. He also attended St. Joseph's Col-
lege, a preparatory school in New Brunswick. He then attended
Georgetown University and upon graduating entered Boston
University, completing the course' there in 1886. He first com-
menced practise with his brother Albert Madigan forming a part-
nership with him as Madigan and Madigan. Upon the death of
his brother he formed a partnership with Hon. Leonard Pierce, and
was a member of the legislature in 1889. He was one of the most
forceful and eloquent public speakers in this state.
He served for a time on the International Commission on the St.
John River. He was appointed a member of the Supreme Judi-
cial Court of Maine by Gov. Curtis, March 15, 1916.
He was a highly esteemed citizen not only in his own town but
in all parts of Maine as well.
When his death occurred Honorable Leslie C. Cornish of Au-
gusta. Chief Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine, paid
him the following tribute :
Judse Madigan was one oi the strongest men of INIaine. With sound
legal lea^rning, broad experience in business affairs, accurate judgment, with
a well poised, judicial mind and love of justice, he came to the bench admira-
96 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
l;ly equipped for tlic work. Tn his less than two years of service lie proved
liis faculties for the position in every way and acquired a firm place in
respect and admiration of the legal profession of this state, a respect and
admiratidu which the years would have increased.
His lovahle personality won deep affection with the associates of the
bench and we al! are stunned by the blow.
A beautiftil tribivte was paid him in the sermon of Rt. Rev. Louis
S. Walsh. D. D.. Bishop of Portland, at the funeral mass held at St.
Mary's chtnxh, Ploulton, Jan. 24, 1918.
SETH M. CARTER
Born ill ]]'atcrvUlc. Maine, July .^5, iS^^j. and died in Auburn,
Maine, Jan. 5, 191S.
He was the son of A. Warren and .Vda May Carter. He was
graduated from Bowdoin in 1875 and received the degree of A. M.
from Bowdoin in 1878.
Immediately following his graduation he commenced the sttidy
of law, and was admitted to the Androscoggin bar in 1877. ^^
became a member of the firm of Frye, Cotton and White, of which
the senior member was U. S. Senator William P. Frye. Hon.
John B. Cotton, former assistant attorney general of the United
States and Wallace H. White were the other members with Mr.
Carter. Upon Mr. Cotton's removal to Washington, Senator Frye
withdrew from the firm which has since been continued as White
and Carter.
Mr. Carter was city solicitor of Atibttrn and has been a member
of the Governor's Council of Maine. He was chairman of the Re-
publican State committee for a number of years and was a trustee
of the Androscoggin County Savings bank and a director of the
Somerset railroad. Mr. Carter made a specialty of corporation law.
For a great many sessions of the legislature he represented the
Maine Central Railroad Co. at Augusta. He was appointed receiver
of the Rangeley Lakes and Sandy River railroad and was promi-
nent in its reorganization. Since 1912, Mr. Carter has been general
counsel of the Maine Central Railroad. He was a member of the
county, state and national bar associations and was one of the
tncorporators of the Maine Bar association.
y\e was a man of high character and tmqtiestioned integrity.
WAiNWRi(;irr gushing 97
WAIN WRIGHT GUSHING
By Edgar Grosby Smith
Hon. W^ainwright Gushing of Foxcroft, one of the notable men
of Maine passed to the higher life Jime 19 at 11.50 o'clock P. M.
In his death the community and state suffers a great loss. Such
men as Mr. Gushing can ill be spared and his passing is deeply
deplored.
Wainwright Gushing was the eldest child of Joseph W. and Anna
(Morrill) Gushing, and was born in Sebec, August 12, 1841. He
was educated in the town schools and Foxcroft Academy and as a
young man worked in his father's cloth mill at Sebec. In 1861 he
enlisted in the Sixth Maine Regiment, G"ompany A, and later re-
enlisted in the First Maine Veterans, a company made up of the
fifth, sixth and seventh Maine regiments. He served under Burn-
side and Hooker at Williamsburgh, in front of Richmond, at the
second battle of Bull Run, at Antietam and Fredericksburg and
campaigned with Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley. He enlisted
as a private, was twice wounded and was discharged as a lieutenant,
July 5, 1865. At the conclusion of the war Mr. Gushing returned
to Sebec and again took up work in the woolen mill as a dyer. In
1869 he came to Dover where he was employed by the Brown
Woolen company, having charge of the dye-house for 13 years.
It was while engaged in this work that he conceived the idea of
developing a business entirely new to the world by perfecting house-
hold dyes to take the place of the old family dye-pot. In this he
was successful after experimenting for many years. In 1880 he
commenced in a small way to put his product on the market under
the name of G'ushing's Perfection Dyes. For a few years thev were
known and used only locally, but every spare dollar was placed in
judicious advertising and in about ten years after his modest be-
ginning he was the possessor of a large and still growing business
to which he devoted his entire time.
Mr. Gushing was a valued and public spirited citizen and every
w orthy undertaking received his cordial support. He was a Repub-
lican in politics and for six years. 1884- 1890. was register of probate
for Piscataquis county; in 1895-6 he was a member of Governor
Henry B. Cleaves' council. He was a 32d degree Mason and' had
served as worshipful master of Mosaic lodge and high priest of
Piscataquis Royal Arch chapter.
9« SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
He was always prominent and active in everything that related
to the Grand Army of the Repubhc and in 1893 was department
commander of the Department of Maine. /\t the time of his death
he was state commander of the Loyal Legion. He had also held
the office of commander of C. S. Douty post, No. 27,. G. A. R.
and colonel of Custer command, U. V. U. He was a member of
the Sons of the American Revolution and in 1916 was president of
the Maine society.
Like all veterans of the Civil War, he was a great admirer of
Abraham Lincoln, and one incident in his life was highly treasured
and which he often related. It had to do with one of President
Lincoln's visits to the wounded soldiers, and occurred while Mr.
Cushing was an inmate of a Washington hospital recovering from
wounds received on the battlefield. The President came a'.ong
beside his cot, inquired as to his condition and chatted with the
wounded soldier for some minutes and left him with words of en-
couragement and hope.
Mr. Cushing took his recreation in travelling. This he thor-
oughly enjoyed, and as his material wealth increased he satisfied thi »
inclination. He had visited nearly every |)art of the L^nited State;*
and taken trips abroad.
On October 20, 1866. Mr. Cushing was united in marriage with
Flora A. Mclntyre of Sebec. He is survived by a son Caleb H.
Cushing of Dover, and a daughter, Mrs. Walter J. Mayo of Fox-
croft ; two sisters \lrs. Celia A. Prentiss and Mrs. Francis A. Ellis,
both of Brighton, Mass., and a brother, William E. Cushing of
Allston, Mass.
For the past fifteen years Mr. C^ishing had been affiliated with
the Christian Science church.
Funeral services were held at his late residence on Lincoln street.
C. S. Doutv post, G. A. R. conducted their service which was fol-
lowed by the Christian Science service, conducted by Gorham H.
W^ood, Esq., of Bangor.
EUGENE IIALi:— FRANK LAMBERT DINGLEY, LITT. D.
Within the short period of 36 days of each other two of Maine's
great men departed this life. I^'rank Lambert Dingley of Auburn
died at his 'home in that city September 21, 1918, and Eugene Hale
.of Ellsworth died in Washington, D. C, Oct, 27, 1918.
EUGENE HALE— FRANK L. DINGLEY 99
Mr. Dingley was born in Unity, Maine, Feb. 7, 1840, and Mr.
Hale was born in Turner. Maine. June 9, 1836. Frank Dingley was
a graduate of Bowdoin, was strictly a newspaper man and among
the greatest of American editors and publicists of nation-wide fame.
Eugene Hale was not a college graduate but from the public
schools and Hebron Academy passed to the study of the law and
became a lawyer of ability in his day and when a young man entered
the political field and for 30 years as United States Senator from his
state held a high place among the American statesmen of his time.
We couple their names together for they belonged for a life
time to the same political organization ; each loved and strove for
what he conceived to be for the best interests of his state and his
countrv and efxh had high ideals and were fearless in following and
defending them. And yet they were often at variance in their dis-
cussion of public questions of the day.
Certainly no man in Maine and but few in the country was ever
a nobler type of the radical than Mr. Dingley. and Eugene Hale's
name will ever be a shining example among conservatives.
As time passes and adjusts the problems which vexed them it
may disclose that their differences were not as fundamental as they
themselves believed, when in the heat of battle. Probably it will be
seen that they arose from each standing at widely separated view
points.
The noble character and impregnable integrity of each as pub-
licists was never assailed nor even suspected by their bitterest foes.
In the history of the advancement of civilization we see stalwart
leaders like these two Maine men upon its every page and they are
immortals. It is such strong, positive characters as these, who,
standing fearlessly in the ranks of both the conservatives and the
radicals for many centuries in the past have been the impelling force
in the progress of the Anglo Saxon race.
There never has been and never can be but one test for true man-
hood ; to dare to follow ones own honest convictions and dare to
change when one is convinced that he is wrong.
Dinglev and Hale both loved the state of Maine, and wrought
for her welfare and the people of Maine loved them and will ever
cherish and revere their memory.
Frank Lambert Dingley and Eugene Hale were noble sons of
Maine.
loo SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
On October 30. 1918, the following message of condolence wa?
sent to U. S. Senator Frederick Hale, son of the deceased :
111 this, your hour of sorrow, as you mourn the death of your revered
father, the late Senator Eugene Hale, who was so widely known and hon-
ored, Governor MiMikcn and the members of the Executive Council desire
to express to you and your niotlier not only their sincere sympathy, but the
sympathy of tihe entire State as well.
JOHN APPLETON, LL. D.
Born in Ipszvich, N. H.. July 12, 1804 — Died in Bangor,
Maine, Feb. 7, iSgi.
Another of Maine's eminent and really great jurists was John
Appleton. He was admitted to the bar in 1826 and first commenced
the practice of law in the village of Sebec in Piscataquis County,
Maine. He was appointed to a seat on the bench in 1852, chief
justice in 1862, and retired in 1883.
He was a profound student of the world's best literature and
during all of his busy life was as familiar with the classics, and with
English, European and American works on these subjects as they
were published as with those of his own profession.
He was one, if not the very earliest, of law writers to agitate
against the then existing evil in English jurisprudence in not allow-
ing parties in criminal prosecutions to testify in their own behalf
By incessant and persistent efiforts as a writer he succeeded in this
and lived to see his views adopted throughout his own country and
other nations of the world.
Another prominent Maine lawyer who also early espoused this
cause and who was a co-laborer with Judge Appleton for the
reform was the late Honorable Albert W. Paine of Bangor.
From Bibliography of Maine, by Joseph Williamson (Vol. i.
p 45) we append the following relative to his authorship as a writer
upon legal subjects : Appleton, John, LL. D.
Usury Laws. Am. Jur. 6:282. (1831).
— -Reiports of cases determined in the Supi\'iiic Judicial Court of the
State of Maine. Ry John Appleton.
Maine Reports. Volume XIX HallDwell: Gla/ier, Masters and Smith.
1842. 8 vo. pp. 409, d).
, Maine Reports. Volume XX. Halln\v(.ll : Glazier, Masters and Smith.
1843. 8 vo. pp. viii, (5), 10-51 1, (i).
From pp. I to 256, by John Aipplctnn, Voluiiu' VI. Frnm pp. 257 to 511,
by John Shepley, Volume VI T.
JOHN APPLETON
lOI
The same. Second edition. Portland: Dresser, McLellan and Co. 1878.
-Law of Evidence. Mass. Quar. Rev. 2:39. (i«48).
Review of Greenleafs Law of Evidence.
-Judicial Oaths. Mass. Quar. Rev. 3:161^ (1850.
Review of "Bentham on Oaths," and "The Oath, by D. X. Junkm.
-The Rules of Evidence Stated and Discussed^ By John APP^^^ - J-
tice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Mame. Phdadelphia . 1 . and V..
Johnson & Co., law booksellers and publishers, 535 Chestnut Street, i860.
'^■°-|;;i:w-by George S Hdlard, No. Am. Rev. 9.:5:5. U860. The most
remarkable thing about Chief Justice Appleton is h.s -ry a option of t^
views of Jeremy Bentham and that school ,n regard to legal reform. He
Xed into this discussion with the greatest enthusiasm half a century ago.
The D L. Annis building in Sebec Village, Maine in which
was the firs't law office of Chief Justice Appleton, indicated by X.
md has never ceased with tongue and pen to advocate these doctrines. When
he be-an this labor, it required no small courage to meet the scoin contempt
nnd even abuse of the legal profession. Such radical doctrines the lawyers
all thought were worthy of a mad-house, and they were denounced with vigor
and not seldom with venom. Now all is changed. In every state of the
Union as well as in England, ancient and absurd rules of evidence have
heen altered, and common sense has full sway in the most important branch
of jurisprudence. To no man living is the crelit due more than to John
^nnletnn. Every Other Sat., Jan. 1884.
' -Testimony of parties in criminal prosecution. Letters in American
Law Register, N. S.. 4:577, (1865). SM^Q, (1886).
Reviewed and criticised. Am. Law. Reg. 6:385. (1867).
102 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
The late General Charles Hamlin of Bangor in writing of Judge
Appleton in the Green Bag (Vol. 7, p 513, 1895) says:
The two fundamental reforms which he assisted in bringing about are
those rdating to the abolition of the District Court in Maine and the removal
of the disability of parties as witnesses in their own behalf.
In 1833 he began writing upon tliis subject to the "Jurist" and his
articles were collected and published in i860 in Appleton on Evidence. In
it will be found the argiunents and discussions which finally led to the
change by which parties to causes both civil and criminal are admitted to
testify in their own behalf. This rule now prevails, with some modifications,
in all the courts of the country, both State and National ; and the credit of
the same is due to Chief Justice 'Appleton, more than any other one man.
VICTOR WELLS MACFARLANE.
Sometime back in the late seventies the writer first met Major
Macfarlane, at one of the hotels around Moosehead Lake, and the
fact that he had previously written something for the Eorest and
Stream pertaining to the charms and attractions of the Moosehead,
Monson and Elliottsville regions as a summer resort for tired city
people led to our acquaintance. He was then a resident of either
New York or Chicago and was spending his suiumer in Maine aa
a ''summer visitor." His love for Maine never grew less but
increased as the years passed. He finally becaiue a permanent
resident of Greenville and was the first to establish the manufacture
of veneer in eastern Maine. He was a man of great force and
energy and abundant enthusiasm about whatever engaged his atten-.
tion. Belonging to the same political organization and viewing many
public questions from similar angles our relations were intimate and
remained so until his death.
We shall always cherish most agreeable memories of him.
The following was prepared for the Maine Commandery of the
Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States and read
at the meeting held in Portland. Dec. 5th, 1917 :
Companion Victor Wells Macfarlane died in Reading, Mass., October
15, 1917. Living remote from headquarters of the Commandery he was
able only occasionally to have a share in our meetings ; but his presence, when
it was possible for him to be with us, was always welcome, and his fellow-
ship in the order was loyally cherished by him to the la.st.
He was bom in Yonkers, Westchester county, N. Y., August 27, 1844.
Both of his parents, Duncan and Mary Ann Macfarlane, were natives of
VICTOR WELLS MACFARLANE 103
Paisley, Scotland. From them he inherited those sturdy thrifty qualities
v\hich his father anl mother brought with them to this country when they
sought for themselves a home on this side of the sea, settling at Yonkers.
Here the son spent his early years. From the public schools in Yonkers he
at length passed to the PeekskiU Military Academy at Peekskill, N. Y. Here
the opening of the Civil war found him receiving thorough military training, a
fitting preparation for such patriotic service as at that time comparatively
lew among us had. He was then, however, seventeen years of age. But a
year later, on graduating from the academy, be at once sought active service,
enlisting as a private in the well-known Seventh Regiment of the National
Guard of New York. This was a three months' regiment; but at the end
of this period the value of his service had been so fully recognized, that on
l>cing" mustered out he was empowered to raise a company of volunteers,
and was offered a commission as first lieutenant, mustering officer and
adjutant of th^ 172nd Regiment of the New York Infantry. He accepted
the commission, and September 6, 1862, he was transferred to the 165th
Regiment, New York Volunteers. His efficiency as a drill-master was now
so well known that his services, outside of his regiment, were often sought
and he was frequently on detached service. January 13, 1863, he was hon-
orably mustered out ; but in July, 1863, on the call of President Lincoln for
additional troops, he joined the 17th Regiment New York National Guard,
and July 8th was made sergeant major of the regiment and major July 25,
1863. At the expiration of the service of this regiment he was mustered ouc
August 13, 1863. His eligibility to membership in this order was derived from
his services in the 165th New York Volunteers, and he was elected a member
through this commandery Sqjt. 3rd, 1902, his insignia number being 13,642.
Following his war service, Companion Alacfarlane engaged in business
in New York City, giving his attention to his various interests there until
1883. About that time he removed ito Chicago, 111., where he enlarged his
grain business of earlier years and was prominent in other enterprises.
\\ liile in Chicago, he was connected with the Board of Trade. In 1890 on
account of ill health he came to Maine and established a veneer manufactur-
ing plant on the shores of Moosehead lake, employing a large number of
workmen in this plant and in obtaining hardwood lumber in the neighbor-
ing woods. The plant was destroyed by fire in 1Q05 but through his activities
was rebuilt on a much larger scale. In 1910. Companion Macfarlane re-
turned to New York and devoted himself to the sale of the output of sev-
eral veneer and box factories. He was thus employed when laid aside by
his late illness.
In these various enterprises Companion Macfarlane was known as a
stirring, energetic, progressive business man. He also took an active interest
in the welfare of the communities in wliich he made his home. He was
prominent also in matters pertaining to state and national afifairs. In politics
he was a Republican and in 1899 was elected member of the legislature of
Maine as the representative from the Greenville class. In 1901 he was
elected state senator from Piscataquis county. He was a man of genial and
lovable personality and had a large acquaintance with prominent men in
many circles in wide sections of our country. He was a member of tlie
Anny and Navy club in New York and of the Masonic order.
104 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
Funeral services were held on October 17th at his late residence in
Reading, Mass., and also on October i8th at St. Johns cemetery, Yonkers,
N. Y., where the burial took place.
Companion Macfarlane was married May 24lh, 1865, to Zanina Xelson,
daughter uf Air. and Mrs. Thomas Nelson, of Peekskill, N. Y. To them one
child was burn, Cornelia Seymour Macfarlane now Mrs. Lyman Blair of
Greenville, Alaine. Mrs. Macfarlane died in April, 1903. On October 30th,
1913, Companion Macfarlane married in New York City, Blanche Elizabeth
Bailey, daughter of Mr. and Airs. Charles H. Bailey of Medford, Alaine,
who survives him. To her aiid the surviving daughter this commandery
desires to make affectionate mention of remembrance and sympathy.
JOHN E. BUNKER
Deep regret was felt all over Maine when on Aug. 16, 1918 the
sad news was flashed over the wires that John E. Bunker had died
at the Eastern Maine General Hospital.
He was born in Trenton, Hancock County, Maine, April 24, 1866
and received his early education at the East Maine Conference Semi-
nary at Bucksport and the Coburn Classical Institute, Watervihe.
He read law with Wiswell, King, and Peters at Ellsworth and
entered Boston University Oct., 1890.
He was for a time chief librarian of the law school library in
that University. He was admitted to the bar Oct., 1892, and opened
an office and practiced for some years in Bar Harbor. He was for
nine years chairman of the Board of Selectmen of that town and for
a time was Clerk of Courts for Hancock County. He was formerly
a Republican in politics but later became a member of the Demo-
cratic party and was Secretary of State during the administration
of Governor Curtis.
In 1916 he was the Democratic candidate for Congress in the 3d
district.
When the United States entered war with Germany, Governor
Milliken a])pointed him Executive Secretary of the Maine Commit-
tee of Public Safety and later appointed him chairman of the Public
Utilities commission. He was active in fraternal orders taking an
especial interest in Odd Fellowship. He was a Past Grand Master of
the Grand Lodge (I. O. O. F.) of Maine and I'ast Grand Repre-
sentative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge. He had a wide ac(|uaint-
ance and manv friends all over Maine.
SOLDIERS OF THE AMERICAN RE\TJLUTION 105
Regarding Soldiers of the Ameri-
can Revolution
MAINE INDIANS IN THE REVOLUTION
The following article signed "N. G."' appeared in the Eastport,
Maine, Sentinel in its issue of June 2, 1897 :
Our forefathers of the Revolution cared little for the previous condition
of their comrades as long as they were lighting for the same independence.
Shoulder to shoulder stood the white man, the negro, and the Indian on
many of the battlefields of the war and no American should hesitate for a
moment from giving all credit for their services.
Many oi our ancestors may have been poor, perhaps rough, homespuil
men, but the results of their lives show that it is true tliat out of the rough-
est work-shops of the world came the finest fabrics. The resolutions of their
meetings prove that they were a type of manhood that our people will always
delight to honor. Their hearts were riglit, what care we for their appear-
xtnce? We judge them by the fruit of their lives.
Many negro slaves entered the Revolutionary army with the understand-
ing that in consideraticn of half their pay their masters were to give them
their freedom. Parson Smith enlisted his slave under those terms, so did
Parson Elvins of Scarboro and others. From Windham went the negroes
Lonon Rhode, Flanders, Romeo, and Peter Smith, who did good service.
Prince ran away from his master, Lieut. William McLellar, at Gorham and
went in Capt. Manley's privateer. He returned voluntarily to slavery, be-
came a pensioner, and lived until he was a very old man. His old master
provided for him in his declining years, which was just like the McLellans.
My ancestor served with Lonon Rhode, in Capt. Samuel Thomes' Com-
pany, in Col. Benjamin Tupper's nth Massachusetts Regt. They were in the
retreat from Fort Ticonderoga in July, 1777, and probably fought together
in the battles of Hubbardton, Stillwater and Saratoga. On a return made at
Valley Forge, in January, 1778, the following is the last account of those two
patriots, "Nathan Noble, slain in battle Oct. 7. 1777," and Lonon Rhode died
Dec. 9, 1777. Perhaps they received their death wounds the same day. Both
of these men's names are on the Roll of Honor of the towns where they
lived, and who would undertake to "'-dge of their services to their country
by the standard of the color of their skins. The sacrifices of humble men
were as noble as any in our country's Iiistnry ard it i^ American to honor
them for it.
The province of Maine was fortunate in its Indians in the Revolution.
The three tribes, Penobscots, Passamaquoddys and St. Johns, were true blue
through it all, and rendered valuable aid to our cause. In the Maine society
of the Sons of the American Revolution is a member, Sopiel Selmor. Chief
of the Passamaquoddy Indians, of Pleasant Point, Perry. Me. He is he.
io6 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
son of Capt. Selmor Soctoniah and Dennis Molly Selmor, and his father was
a soldier and scout under Col. Allan at Machias, and rendered other valuable
assistance in the War of the Revolution. Chief Sopiel Selmor is now a very
old man, as he must be to be the son of a Revolutionary soldier, hut he is the
patriarch of his tribe yet. In his tribe is preserved an original letter written
them by Gen. Washington from the banks of the Delaware river, the day
before that Christmas day that he crossed amid the floating ice. That day is
one that o4d Marblehead is proud of because John Glover and his Cape Ann
boys carried the army safely over, managing the boats as only Yankee tish-
ermen can.
The contents of that letter are as follows, and it reflects credit on the
tribe that they have preserved it until this time.
"Brothers of Passamaquodia : I am g^lad to hear by Major Shaw that
you accepted the chain of friendship which I sent you last February from
Cambridge and that you are determined to keep it bright and unbroken.
When I first heard that yoit refused to send any of your warriors to my
assistance When called upon by our brothers of St. John I did not know
what to think. I was afraid that some enemy had turned your hearts
against me. But 'I am since informed that all your young men were em-
ployed in hunting, which was the reason of their not coming. This has made
my mind easy and I hope you will always in future join with your brothers
of St. Jo'hn and Penobsccot when required. I have desired my brother the
Governor of Massachusetts Bay to pay you the money which Capt. Smith
promised you for sending my letters to the Micmack Indians.
"Brothers : I have a piece of news to tell you which I ho])e you will
attend to. Our enemy, the King of Great Britain, endeavored to stir up all
the Indians from Canada to South Carolina against us. But our brethren of
the Six Nations and their allies the Shawnees and Delawares. would not
hearken to the advice of his messengers sent among them, but kept fast
hold of the ancient covenant chain. The Cherokees and the Southern tribes
were foolish enough to listen to them and take up the hatchet against us.
Upon this our warriors went into their country, burned their houses,
destroyed their corn and obliged them to sue for peace and give hostages
for their future good behavior. Now Brothers, never let the King's wicked
counsellor turn your hearts against me and your brethren of this country but
bear in mind what T told you last February and what I tell you now.
"In token of my friendship I send you this from my army on the hanks
of the Great River Delaware, tliis 24th day of December. 1776.
"George Washington."
At the heginning of the war there was great anxiety felt lest the British
agents should influence the Penolyscot Indians against the colonists Steps
were taken early to secure them to our cause. Capt. John Lane of Buxton,
was selected as a discreet and suitable man to consult and enlist them in our
behalf. In May, 1775, the Provincial Congress sent the tribe a letter in
which they said "Our liberty and your liberty are the same, we are brothers,
and what is for our good is for your good, and we, by standing together,
i. shall make those wicked men afraid and overcome them and be all free men.
Capt. Goldthwait has given up Fort Pownal to our enemies. We are angry
at it and we hear you are angry with him and we don't wonder at it."
SOLDIERS OF THE AMERICAN REX'OLL'TION 107
Four Penobscot chiefs left Fort Pownal with Capt. John Lane June loth.
On June 14th, Samuel Freeman wrote from Watertown to his father, Enoch
Freeman, at Fahnouth Neck, "I can't help thinking but that they (the In-
dians) s'hould be well treated, justice done them respecting their lands, etc.,
by which they now and forever be secured to the interests of the county."
Capt. Lane was then here at Falmouth with Chief Orono, Joseph Pease,
Poveris and one more, bound for Cambridge to the Provincial Congress.
They were entertained and a chaise was provided to take them to their
destination. Gen. Jedidiah Preble, chairman of the committee, sent with them
a letter to Joseph Warren in which he said that he had furnished money to
pay their expenses and that "Orono, the chief man, seems to be a sensible
man and hearty in our cause," also, "We gave them assurances that they
might depend upon being provided for while there as well as on their return
back again, wished them a pleasant journey and that the event might be
happy for them and us." In 1778, Joseph McLellan of Falmouth was voted,
by the General Court, seven pounds for injury done his chaise by Capt. Lane's
Indians. This damage was no doubt done in 1775. Drake says, "Only two
days after the battle of Bunker Hill (June 19th) there arrived in Cambridge,
a deputation of Penobscot Indians of whom the celebrated Orono was chief."
They went before the Congress and among other things said that they had
a large tract of land which they had a right to call their own and had pos-
sessed it many years. These lands had been encroached upon by the English
who had for miles, on the ends, cut much of the good timber. They also
said that they had been much imposed upon by traders, and desired such
evils be prevented, also requested that provisions, powder, etc., be sent
among them which they would buy at reasonable prices.
June 2ist, the Congress recognized their claim to the land at the head
of the tide on the Penobscot, extending six miles on each side of the river.
Gen. Washington and the Congress both promised them that they should
"enjoy the country" and told them that if anybody was to take their lands
from them or if they heard of anything being done against them they would
let them know of it.
The following letter was probably written by Andrew Gilman, the inter-
preter for the four chiefs after their return to Falmouth Neck from Cam-
bridge, although tiicir names, as he wrote them, are different from what has
come down to us.
"Falmouth, July 4, 1775.
"Sir : We have been here five days and did expect to go home with the
supplies for our tribe in a sloop. But we are told Captain John Lane must
return to Watertown before supply can be sent, we have agreed to go home
in our canoes, though we should rather go in said sloop. We beg leave to
let you know it is our desire that Captain Lane be appointed truck-master,
with full power to redress any insults we may receive from the white people
when we come in to trade. You may depend on our friendship and assistance
if required.
"We are yiuir litinil)le servants.
"Olenah,
"Messhall.
"Joseph,
"Pooler.
"Andrew Gilman, Interpreter."
io8 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
The above letter is a testimonial to the patriotism, fidelity and honesty
of John Lane, through whose efforts much was done that secured the friend-
ship and aid of the Penobscot tribe to our forefathers in the Revolutionary
War.
'Idle Provincial Congress resolved, July 8th, 1775, to supply the Indians
of tlie Penobscot wdth goods not to exceed in value, three hundred pounds
and to take furs and skins in exchange.
In September, 1775, the chiefs of the Penobscots and the St. John
Intlians held a conference and resolved "to stand together with our brethren
of Massachusetts and oppose the people of Old England that are endeavoring
to take our lands and liberties from us."
Capt. John Lane raised a company for the army and in it enlisted five
Penobscot Indians, Soncier, Eneas, Sebatis, Metagone and Sewanockett.
When Arnold's expedition marched up the Kennebec, in the Fall of 1775,
three of Capt. Lane's Indians went as guides. Encos or Eneas and Sebatis
went with a Air. Jaquith on a secret errand, in advance with letters to friends
of our cause in Canada and were successful, meeting the expedition on their
return. The expedition, which consisted of about eleven hundred men, left
Fort Halifax, Sept. 27th, and started on their march to Quebec with Sewan-
ockett for their guides. In the Dead River region nearly one-third gave
up in despair and returned to Cambridge. Arnold abandoned his batteaux
and forced his way through the forests and swamps. The guides could
not lead them out of the wilderness. They suspected treachery but became
convinced the guides had lost their way. For thirty-two days no signs of
human life met their eyes. The men suffered dreadfully from hunger and
cold. On Nov. 3 they reached the first Canadian settlement on the river
Chaudiere, and Point Levi, opposite Quebec, Nov. 9th.
In tSiS, Sewanockett applied for a pension and said that he was then
ninety-five years of age and h.-id always been friendly to the whites, that he
served in Capt. Lane's Co. and also in the Quebec expedition remaining with
the army until the assault on the city, bemg honorably discharged in the
middle of January, 1776. In 1779, he volunteered in the Bagaduce expedi-
tion an.d stated that during the war he was in several skirmishes when several
of his tribe were killed.
In 1786, Massachusetts attempted to get some of the Penobscots' land
from them and at the conference a chief stated that the tribe had been at
Oldtown island 500 years and then that 350 blankets would give each of
the tribe one. When an agent presented them a paper to sign relinquishing
their lands they answered "We don't know anything about writing. All we
know, we mean to have a right heart and a right tongue." The agents were
unsuccessful.
In 1796, the tribe gave up their claim to land on both sides of the river
from Nichol's rock, in Eddington, the head of the tide, thirty miles up,
reserving their islands in the river. This was done for a consideration. This
land consisted of 189,426 acres and it was laid out into nine townships. By
another treaty, in 1818, with Massachusetts, the tribe conveyed to that
state all the remainder of their lands except the islands and four townships
in consideration of a yearly annuity in goods worth about $1,500. Maine at
the separation from Massachusetts agreed i-o fulfill the obligations of the
SOLDIERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 109
trealy, and, in 1833, purchased their remaining townships for fifty thousand
dollars.
The -Penobscots were the Tarratines and anciently owned all the terri-
tory watered by the Penobscot river. In 1625, the tribe were said to have
numbered about eight thousand. In 1669, they were subdued by the Mo-
hawks. Their lands have been encroached upon by the land grabber until
all that remains to them are islands in the Penobscot river including Old-
town island and all above it and attempts have been made to get those. The
state holds a fund of theirs amounting to nearly seventy-four thousand
dollars for which they are paid six per cent interest, which with their shore
rents, of about three thousand dollars, with the appropriations from the state,
leaves them in comfortable circumstances, much more so than the Passama-
quoddys whose lands did not prove as valuable.
Of chief Orono, Williarnson said that he "was white in part" and "Orono
had not the copper colored countenance, the sparkling eye, the high cheek
bones or tawny features of a pristine native. On the contrary, his eyes were
of a bright blue shade, penetrating and full of intelligence and benignity. In
his person he was tall, straight and perfectly proportioned; and in his gait
there was a gracefulness wdiich of itself evinced superiority. He was honest,
chaste, temperate and industrious. To a remarkable degree he retained hi?
mental faculties and erect attitude to the last years of his life. As he was
always abstemious and as his hair was in his last years of a milky whiteness,
he resembled in appearance a cloistered saint." His wife, who was a full
blooded native, died several years after him. Orono died, Feb. 5, t8oi, aged
112 years.
"For whiter Indians, to our shame we see.
Arc not so virtuous nor humane as he.
Disdaining all the savage modes of life,
The tomahawk and bloody scalping knife.
He sought to civilize his tawny race,
Till death, great Xinirod of the human race,
Hit on his track, and gave this hunter chase.
His belt and wampum now aside he flung.
His pipe extinguished and his bow unstrung.
When countless moons their destined rounds shall cease.
He'll spend an endless calumet of peace."
The Penobscot tribe choose a governor, lieutenant governor and a dele-
gate to the Legislature, to conduct their business. The state appoints an
agent who has charge of their affairs and reports to the Legislature. The
tribe have -lived peaceably with their neighbors since the Revolution. They
were never what could be called savage Indians and the white man has been
much to blame whenever they have acted in that role.
Our forefathers pledged their word with the Indian tribes of our state
for peace, when war meant the destruction of their homes. They promised
them protection in their lands, and they have but little to show for it today.
The state and the Indians have suffered together in regard to their lands from
the avarice of the white men but now there is no hope for either to recover
them History can only record the facts. Our ancestors promised little to
110 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
the Indian considering what peace was worth to them. The Indians were
faithful through the Revolution, when they had easy access to the enemy.
now let us he faitliful to tlieni. The state should keep its trust with them as
they did with us, and insist that they must always be honestly dealt with.
They are not as we are, they are a different people, and we can afford to
he patient with them and take no advantage of their weaknesses.
"The sum of Indian happiness ! —
A wigwam, when the warm sunshine
Looks in among the groves of pine, —
A stream where, round the light canoe,
The trout and salmon dart in view.
And the fair girl, before thee now.
Spreading thy mat with hand of snow,
Or plying, in the dews of morn.
Her hoe amidst thy patch of corn
Or offering up, at eve, to thee.
Thy birchen dish of hominy !''
Andrew Oilman, the Penobscots' interpreter, seems to have been a man
who had the respect and confidence of both the white man and the Indian.
The following appointment shows in what estimation he was held at that
time. The commission was given him while he was at Cambridge, as inter-
preter for the Penobscot chiefs.
"To Andrew Oilman, Oentleman :
"We entertaining a good opinion of your prudence, courage, and good
conduct, do appoint, and you the said Andrew Oilman are hereby appointed
to the honorary title of Lieutenant; and you are to be considered of that
rank not only among the good people of this Province, but among all friends
and bretliren through the Continent; and we confide in your readiness to
promote the common cause of America among our good brothers, the Indians
of the several tribes which you may have an opportunity to be acquainted
with, as well as with the inhabitants of the Province of Canada.
"By order of the Congress.
"Watertown, June 25, 1775."
Lieut. Oilman was ordered by the President of the Congress to use his
efforts to cultivate a friendly feeling with the Indians of St. Francois and the
Canada Indians, and told him that he should receive a proper reward. When
he was at Falmouth Neck with the Penobscot chiefs on their way to Cam-
bridge, in 1775, Enoch Freeman said of him, "One Mr. Oilman is their inter-
preter who speaks their tongue freely and seems to be a clever young man."
He is noticed as being on guard at Penobscot with ten Indians, Sept. 12th,
1776.
'I'jie following roll is of a company of Indians under the command of
Lieut. Oilman in the Bagadnce ENipedition of 1779- They were probably all
Penobscots. They were actively engaged and from a soldier's diary we learn
that one was killed July 25th, another Aug. 5th, when another was taken
prisoner and probably there were others. This roll is a novelty in our Revo-
lutionary history and service to remind us of the Indians' service in that war.
SOLDIERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION iii
"Pay Roll for a number of Indians for their services at Penobscot on
the late expedition under command of Lieut. Andrew Gilman, made agreeable
to a Resolve of the Gen'l Court of the 17th, Sept. I779-"
Andrew Gilman, Lieut., June 29th to Aug. 21st.
Wine Meesor,
Francis Moxes,
Pearl Sock,
Elqr O'sson,
Orono,
Atlean,
Sowanockeg,
Pearl Nicholah,
Obogan,
Joseph Cook,
Tomases,
Leeve,
Shannot,
Francis Joseph,
Sebatis Junr,
Cawquish,
Atlianis Junr,
Lewey Venison,
Saocmiek,
Che Osson,
10
10
10
5
5
3
10
6
10
5
5
5
5
10
John Xepton, July 15th to Aug. 21.
French Mesor, "
Nepton Bovvit,
Soviss Molly, "
Soviss Many,
Soviss Piece,
Soctoner, "
Solomses, "
Poriss,
Natlanis,
Matignois, "
Little Sabatis,
Jam Holet,
Joseph Eneas,
Sebatis,
Lonsor, 2^ days
Fransway, 10
Leard Osioro, 33
Pernewett, 10
Sacotiar, 20
Peal Tocwaso, 20
The Indians were paid 14 shillings per day.
Boston, Oct. 4, 1779-
"SufFold Ss.
Personally appeared Lt. Andrew Gilman (the subscriber to this Roll)
and made Oath that the same is just and true according to the best of his
knowledge.
Before
Jonathan Metcalf, Justice of Peace."
Massachusetts Archives, Vol. .^7, Page 145.
A monuir.ent to the ineniory of the RevoUttionary Soldiers of
the Penobscot tribe of Indians has been erected on Indian Island.
Old Town. Maine, by the Bangor Chapter, D. A. R., which bears
the following inscription :
In honor of the
Indian Patriots
of the Penobscot
and iither tribes of Maine
for their loyal service
during the
Revolutionary War.
Erected by the Maine Daughters
of the American Revolution
1910.
112 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
This monument was dedicated with appropriate exercises by
the Maine State Council. D. A. R., June 7. 1912.
REVOLUTIONARY RECORDS OE DESCENDANTS
OF
NATHANIEL OAK, MARLBORO, MASS.
The early family name in the old records is sometimes spelled
Oak-Oaks-Oakes, but all had a common origin.
Nathaniel Oak was the ancestor of the Oak family in Garland
and the Oaks family in Sangerville, Maine.
The following has been contributed by Mr. Ora Oak of Colton,
Gal., which he has compiled from old records and other sources
ror the Journal :
GEORGE OAKS
Private, Capt. David Bents' Co.. Col. Nathan Sparhawk's regt.,
marched from Rutland to Bennington on an alarm. Aug. 20, 1777;
1 1 days service ; travel out and home 226 miles.
SETH OAK
Winchendon
(i) Sergeant, Capt. Moses Hale's Co. of militia, Col. Nathan
Sparhawk's regt., which marched to Cambridge on alarm of Apr.
19' 1775; service, 14 days;
(2) Also, Capt. Abel Wilder's Co., Col. Ephraim Doolittle's
regt. ; receipt for advance pay, signed by said Oak ; dated June
26, 1775;
(3) Also, Sergeant, same Co. and regt.; muster roll dated
Aug. I. 1775; engaged Apr. 26, 1775, service 3 mos., 13 days.
(4) Also, Quartermaster Sergeant, same regt.; on a return of
Capt. Adam Wheeler's Co.; dated Winter Hill, Oct. 6, 1775; order
for bounty coat or money equivalent, dated Camp Winter Hill,
Dec. 26, 1775.
DBSCEXDAXTS OF NATHANIEL OAK 113
(5) Also, private. Capt. Josiah Fish's Co.. Col. Stephen R.
Bradley's regt. ; Sept. 16 to Sept 20. 1782. marched from Athens,
Vt., toward Guilford to assist the sheriff.
BERIAH OAK
BoUon
Private, Capt. Robert Longley's Co., Col. Asa Whitcomb's regt.;
which marched on the alarm of Apr. 19, 1775 ; left rendezvous Apr.
:27, 1775; service 10 days.
SETH ALEXANDER
( 1 ) Sergeant. Capt. William Humphrey's Co. in the Northern
Army, Continental service, 1776.
(Note — Same Company as Nathaniel Oak)
(2) Ensign. Capt. Oliver Capron's Co., Col. Samuel Ashley's
regt. of militia which marched to the relief of Ticonderoga. engaged
June 29. 1778, discharged July ii. 1778 — service 13 days.
JOHN FOLLETT
(Second husband of Hannah Oak)
Private. Capt. Joseph Whitcomb's Co.. Col. Samuel Ashley's
regt., roll dated Apr. 2, 1777.
NATHANIEL OAKES
Bolton
(T) Private, Capt. Benjamin Hasting's Co.; Col. John Whit-
comb's regt.; which marched to Cambridge on alarm of Apr. lO,
1/75' service 18 days.
NATHANIEL OAK
(2) Private, Capt. William Humphrey's C... in the Xortheru
Arjny, Continental service. 1776.
(Grandfather of the late Hon. Lyndon Oak of Garland and
Lis less known brothers. Lawrence, Lorenzo, Lebbeu.'- and Edson).
114 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
EBENEZER CONANT
(Husband of Lydia Oak — daughter of Jonathan)
(i) Lieutenant, Capt. Dehverance Davis's Co., Col. Asa Whit-
comb's regt. which marched on alarm of Apr. 19, 1775 ; service lo
days ;
(2) Also, Adjutant, Col. Abijah Steam's regt., on list of offi-
cers of Mass. Militia, dated Leominster, March 14, 1776; appoint-
ment concurred in by Council, June 20, 1776; also Col. Converse's
regt.. on list of officers at Dobb's Ferry. Tarryton & North Castle,
N. Y. in 1776;
(3) Also, private. Capt. Wm. Thurlo's Co.. march on alarm
at Bennington, Aug. 22, 1777, under Major Ebenezer Bridge, by
order of Col. Warner & Gen. Stark; dismissed by Gen. Lincoln
after proceeding 90 miles ; 9 days service ;
(4) Also, Adjutant, Major Ebenezer Bridge's regt., service
25 days at Saratoga, agreeable to resolve of Sept. 22. 1777;
(5) Also, on descriptive list of men. enlisted, from Worcester
Co. in 1779, to serve in Continental army, dated Aug. 15, 1779:
in Capt. Lane's Co.. Col. Rand's regt. ; age 36 years, stature 5 feet,
9 in. ; complexion, dark ; residence, Ashburnham ; enlistment, 9
months; mustered Aug. 10, 1779; also private, Colonel's Co.. Col.
Shepard's 4th regt.. enlisted Aug. 12. 1779. discharged Feb. 6. 1780;
enlistment 9 months.
JOHN OAKS.
Harvard (also Littleton)
(i) Private. Col. John Bailey's regt.; on Continental pay ac-
counts for service from Mar. i, 1777 to Dec. 31. 1779, residence.
Harvard ; credited to Harvard ; also on roll of Capt. Samuel Darby's
Co., same regt., dated Camp Valley Forge, Jan. 25. 1778; residence,
Littleton.
(2) "John ( )akes." Littleton, on descrii)tive list of men raised
to reinforce the Continental Army for 6 mos. agreeable to resolve of
June 5, 1780. dated July 22, 1780. age 22 yrs. ; stature 5 ft. 5 in.:
complexion, light; engaged for Harvard; also on list of 6 months
men who passed inuster. dated Camp Totaway. Oct. 25. 1780.
(name. "John Okes*') : also. Drummer, on pay roll of 6 months
men raised by town of Harvard for Continental service in 1780,
DESCENDANTS OF NATHANIEL OAK ii;
marched July 19. 1780. discharged, Dec. 14, 1780, service. 5 mos. 4
da., inckiding travel (180 mi.) home — (name. "John (_)ak".)
("John Oaks, Exeter, :\Ie.. aged 84, resides with John. Jr."j
DANIEL OAKS
(i) Private. Capt. Joseph Warren's Co., Lt. Col. Wheelock's
regt., enlisted Sept. ij, discharged Oct. 2^, 1777; service, i mo., 3
da., with northern army, inckiding 8 days (150 miles) travel home;
(2) Also, on descriptive list of men raised to reinforce the
Continental Army for 6 months, agreeable to resolve of Jmie 5,
1780; age 19 years, stature 5 ft. 6 in., complexion, light; engaged
for Westboro ; marched to camp July i, 1780. discharged Dec. 19.
1780. 200 mi. from home ; service 5 mos.. 29 da. ; also, on return of
f) months men who passed muster, dated Camp Totaway, Oct. 25,
1780 (name ''Daniel Oakes." Westboro) ;
(3) Also. Private. Capt. Nathaniel Wright's Co.. Col. Luke
Drury's regt.; from Sept. 22 to Dec. 1781; service 3 mos.. 2^) da.
at West Point including travel (400 mi.) residence. Bolton — (name
"Daniel Oaks").
(4) "Daniel Oak'", residence and date not given, member of
the train band.
SYLVANUS OAK.
Princeton — (probably )
Sergeant. Capt. Joseph Sargent's Co. of militia. Col. Sparhawk's
regt., \vhich marched to Cambridge on alarm of Apr. 19. 1775 and
returned May i. 1775; service 12 days.
CALVIN OAK.
Winchendon
(i) Private. Capt. Moses Hale's Co. of militia. Col. Nathan
Sparhawk's regt.. which marched to Cambridge on alarm of Apr.
TO. 1775. service 6 days; reported "enlisted into the army": served
on the main guard. Major' Loammi Baldwin, at Cambridge, list
ii6 SIM>iAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
dated May 15, 1775 ; also receipt for advance pay signed by Sd. Oak,
Capt. Abel Wilder's Co., Col. Ephraim Doolittle's regt., dated
Cbarlestown, June 26, 1775; also, on muster roll same Co. and
regt. dated Aug. i, 1775. enlisted Apr 26, 1775; service 3 mos., 13
da. ; also, on company return dated Oct. 6, 1775.
(2) Also, Private, Capt. Jotham Houghton's Co., Col. Josiah
Whitney's regt. from July 31, 1778 to Sept. 14, 1778; 1 mo., 14 da.,
in Rhode Island.
(3) Also, on descriptive list of men raised for the Continental
service; in Capt. Boutell's Co., Col. Rand's regt.; age 20 years;
stature 5 ft., 6 in. ; complexion, light ; engaged for Leominster,
marched July 29, 1779; also, in Capt. Warner's Co., loth Mass.
regt.; service July 28, 1779 to Apr. 28. 1780; term 9 mos. (name,
"Calvin Oaks'') ; receipt for bounty, signed by said Oak, dated Aug.
18. 1780. for <) mos. service.
NATHANIEL OAK
(I) His name on Pay Roll of 6 montths men raised by the
town of Bolton for service in the Continental Army during 1780;
marched July 10, 1780, discharged Dec. 16. 1780; service, 5 mos.,
17 days, including travel (220 miles) home; also. Nathaniel "Oaks",
Bolton, descriptive list of men raised to reinforce the Continental
Army for the term of 6 months, agreeable to resolve of June 5,
1780. returned as received of Justin Ely. Commissioner, bv Brig.
Gen. John (ilover. at Springfield, July 13. 1780: age 18 years,
stature 5 ft. 7 in., complexion, ruddy; engaged for the town of
Bolton, marched to camp July 13, 1780, under command of Capt.
Thomas I'ritchard; also. Private, Lieut-Colonel's Co., 6th Mass.
Regt. pay roll for July 1780; enlisted July 13, 1780; also Lieut. -Col.
Whiting's Co., 6th Mass. Regt., pay roll for .August and September
1780; also, list of men raised for 6 months service and returned
by Brig. Gen. Paterson as having passed muster in return dated
Camp Totaway. Oct. 25. 1780.
NATHANIEL OAK'
(2) I'rivate. Capt. Josiah h'ish's Co., Col. Stephen i\. P)radley's
legt. ; Sei)t. 16, to Sept. 20, 1782. marched from .\thens. V't.. toward
Guilford to assist the sheriff.
{') 'l"he Pul)Ii-lic(l Vital Records of Templeton, Mass.. p. 50. say.
"\';ith;inip!. <(>u nf Srtli ard RlizaljCth Oak, l)oni May 3, 1762."
DESCENDANTS OF NATHANIEL OAK ir
NATHANIEL OAK
(Not identified but probably one of those previously mentioned ).
(i) Private, Capt. Wm. Marean's Co.. Col. Jonatlian Reed's
(1st.) regt. of guards; nu;ster roll dated Cambridge, June i, 1778;
enlisted Mar. 28, 1778. enlistment, 3 months, from Apr. 2. 1778;
also, Capt. Wm. Marean's Co., Col. Steam's regt. of guards, service
from Mar. 2-j , 1778 to July 2, 1778. 3 mos., 6 days, at Cambridge,
guarding troops of convention.
(2) Also. Private. Capt. Josiah WiMer's Co.. Col. Nathan
Sparhawk's regt.. commanded by Major Daniel Clap, enlisted July
4. 1778; discharged July 15. 1778; service 12 days at Rutland
Barracks : company raised for 20 days service. Roll dated Temple-
ton.
NATHANIEL OAK
Private, Capt. Jotham Houghton's Co.. Col. Josiah Whitney's
regt.. service from July 31, 1778. to date of discharge Sept. 14.
1778. I mo.. 15 days, at Rhode Island; company raised for 6 weeks
service ; roll dated Petersham ; also. Capt. Jotham Houghton's Co.,
Col. Sanuiel Denny's (2nd) regt.. Gen. Fellow's brigade; service
from Oct. 24, 1779 to Dec. 12. 1779. i mo.. 9 days at Claverack,
roll dated Petersham.
NATHANIEL OAKES
Private. Capt. Benj. Edgell's Co., Col. John Jacob's regt.. en-
listed June 30, 1778, service 6 mos., 7 days, including travel ( 100
miles) home, enlistment to expire Jan. i. 1779; also, same Co.
and Regt.; nuister rolls dated Freetown. Sept. 13 and Oct. 18. 1778.
The Chief Justices of the Courts of Sessions for the counties in
the new State of Maine for 1820 were: York. Joseph Thomas.
Kennebunk ; Cumberland, Animi R. Mitchell. N. Yarmouth; Ox-
ford. Daniel Stowell, Paris; Lincoln, Ebenezer Clapp. Bath: Ken-
nebec. Samuel Wood, Winthrop ; Somerset, Calvin Selden. Nor-
ridgewock ; Hancock, Phineas Ashman, Brooks ; Penobscot, Enoch
Brown, Hampden ; Stephen Jones. ^Fachias.
ii8 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
An Alphabetical Index of Revolu-
tionary Pensioners Living
in Maine
(Compiled by Charles A. Flagg, Librarian Bangor (Maine)
Public Library.)
(Continued from page i8, Vol. 6.)
List. Name.
Sejvice.
Rank.
Age.
County.
Remarks.
'35c
Cain, David
Mass. line
Private. . . .
67
York
'20). d. March
1825.
'35c
Cain, Nichola;-
M.-.ss. line
Piivate. . . .
72
Lincoln
Transf. from Suf-
folk Co., Mass.
1820. d. Sept. 4,
1826.
•35d
Calderwood, John . .
Cont. navy . . .
Maiine. . . .
81
Walao
'40
.
88
Waldo
Res. Lincoln\ ille.
'35c
Calderwood, Thos. .
Mass. line
Pri^ ate. . . .
81
Lincoln
d. Dec. 12, 1831.
'40
80
64
Kennebec . . .
York
'35c
Camniett, Samuel . .
N. H. line ....
Private. . . .
('20, '31b.)
'35c
Campbell, Alexandei
Mass. line
Private
72
Cumberland .
('20) d. Feb. 15,
1827.
■35d
Campbell, James. . .
Mass. state ....
Pvt. of art.
79
Lincoln.
'35d
Campbell, James . . .
N. H. line
Pvt. and
drum maj
1 1
Kennebec . . .
('20 as musician).
'40
81
Kennebec . . .
Res. Wales.
'40
4V
Cumberland
Res. Minot.
"3oc
Campeinell, William
Mass. line ....
Private . . .
95
York.
'40
80
4-.
York
Lincoln
'40
R e s. Woolwich,
Smith or Fair-
field.
'35d
Carc^ , LutLer
Mass. state. . . .
Musician . .
73
Oxford
Same as Cary, L.
'35c
Carej , feinieon
Carl, Ebe.aezei,
Mass. line
see Carll.
Piivr.te .. .
70
Lincoln
('20) d. May,lS25
'35c
Carl, John
Mass. line
Seigeant . .
77
Kennebec . . .
('20) d. Sept. 17,
1832.
'35d
Carl, Joseph
Mass. mil
Piivatc.. ..
81
Waldo . . .
'35d
Caile, John
.Ma.ss. line ....
Private. . . .
in
Yoik.
'40
Carle, William
77
Franklin. . . .
as Carll, W.?
'40
79
Kenrebec. . . .
san:e as Cailton
J.
San c as Carlton, S
'3oc
Carleton, Samuel. .
Mass. line . . . .
Private. . . .
SO
Lincoln
'35d
Carlisle, James
.Mass. mil
Private. . . .
76
Yoik.
35 c
Carlisle, John
-V. H. line. . ..
Private. . . .
78
Yoik
i'20).
'35d
Mass. mil
Piivate. . . .
Private . . .
73
78
Lincoln.
Lincoln
'35c
Caill, Ebenezer
Mass. line
('20 as Carl) all
given Cairoll.
"40
82
70
Yoik
Somerset ....
Res. Hollis.
•35d
Carll, William
Mass. mil
Private. . . .
Same as Carle W.?
'35c
Carlton, Ezra
N. H.line
Private. . . .
69
Oxfoid
('20).
'40
76
73
59
73
Franklin ....
Kennebec . . .
Waldo
Kenrebec. . .
Res. Letter E.
'35c
Private. . . .
('20).
'40
Res. Frankfort.
'35c
Carlton, Jonathan . .
Mass. line
Private, . . .
('20) Same as
Carleton J.
'20
CaiUon, Samuel. . . .
Mass. line
Piivate.. ..
SameasCarleton S
35d
Carpenter, Thoinas.
N. H. state. . . .
Piivate. . . .
71
Yoik
'40
Carr, William
76
78
York
Waldo
Res. W atcrboio'.
•35c
Mass. line
Piivate. . . .
('20).
'40
Carrell, Benjamin . .
84
73
Waldo
Kennebec.
Res. Frankfort.
'35d
Mass. state. . . .
Private....
Can oil, Ebenezer,
see Carll.
■ '35c
Caison, James
Del. line
Private
.79
Washington ,
d. Oct. 28, 1832.
REVOLUTIONARY PENSIONERS IN MAINE 119
List.
Name.
Seivice.
Rank.
Age,
Countj .
Remarks.
'35d
'40
'35c
'35c
'35c
'40
'35d
'40
'40
'35d
'35d
'40
'35c
'35d
'35c
'35c
'40
1792
1794
'35c
'40
'40
'35c
'40
'35d
1794
'40
'40
'40
'35d
'35c
'35d
'35c
'35c
'35c
'35d
'35c
'3Sd
'40
'35c
'40
'40
'35d
'35d
'40
'40
'35e
35c
'35c!
'35d
'40
'35c
Carter, Abijah . . .
Carter, Abijah . . .
Carter, Edward . .
Carter, John
Carter, Thaddeua
Carter, Thomas . .
Carthill, Pelutiah
Carvill, Mercy. . . .
Caiy, Luther ....
Caryell, David.
Case, Isaac . . . .
Casewell, Simeon .
Cash, John
Cash, John
Cash, Samuel . . . .
Cashman, Andrew .
Cass, Moses
Cass, Moses
Caswell, Simeon .
Caswell, Squiie.
Causland, Robert M
Cay, John
Chadbourn, Levi, . .
Chadbouin, Seam-
mon
Chadbouin, Simeon
Chadbouine, Cum-
mon.
Chadbourne, Silas . .
Chadbourne, Simeon
Chad wick, James. ..
Chambeilain, Aaron
Chamberlain, Eph-
raim.
Chamberlain, Eph-
laini.
Chambeilain, Jere-
miah.
Chamberlain, John.
Chambeilain, John .
Chamberlain, Moses
Charnbertin, Mary. . .
Chandler, Hannah.
ChanUlei, John
Chandler, John . . .
Chandler, John
Chandler, Moses. . .
Chandler, Moses . . .
Chandler, Moses . , .
Chandlei, Nathaniel
Chaney , John.
'35c Chaney, John . . .
'20 Chaplin, Daniel.
Mass. mil.
N. H.line.
N. H. line.
Mass. line ,
Mass. state .
Mass. mil .
R. I. mil .
Mass. line .
Mass. line.
Mass. line .
Mass. line .
Private.
Private.
Private .
Private.
Private.
Priv'te and
Sergeant
Private. . .
Private .
Private.
Private .
Private.
3d N, H. line.
N. H.line.
Mass. line Private
Private.
Private.
Mass, line
Wigglesworth's
regiment.
Mass. mil.
Mass. line .
. . Mass. mil
Mass. line . .
Private.
Piivate.
Private. . . .
Lieutenant
Sergeant
Piivate. .
Mass. line Private.
Mass. line Piivate.
Mass, mil Private.
Conn, line Private.
Mass. mil.
IMass. line Piivate
Private.
R. L line Piivate.
Mass, line Private.
Mass. line .
Mass. line .
N. H. line.
Mass, line ,
Mass. line .
Mas
Mas
line .
line ,
Corporal .
Coipoi al
Pri\ate. .
Piivate. .
Private. . ,
Private.
Piivate.
Cumberland.
Oxford
Hancock. , .
\ork
Kennebec . .
Waldo .
Waldo.
Lincoln .
0.\f ord .
Waldo.
Kennebec . .
Kennebec . .
Cumberland
Cumberland
York.
Cumberland
79 Kennebec.
Someiset . . .
Someiset . . .
Cumberland
Oxford .
Somerset . . .
Cumberland.
Yoik
York
Y ork .
Y ork .
York
Cumberland
York
Kennebec . .
Cumberland .
Oxford
Cumbeiland
71 Lincoln.
84i Cumbeiland,
goto York
100
73 Kennebec . . .
80!Yoik
75JKennebec . . .
79i Kennebec . . .
75!Cumberlard.
82'CunibeiUind
78 Kennebec . , .
Kennebec . . .
Kennebec . . ,
Oxfoid
Cumberland
Cumbeiland
Lincoln . . , .
CI
Kennebec
Res. Waterford.
('20) d. Apr, 1827.
d. Mar. 1822,
('20 as Thadeus)
d.June 16, 1828
Res. Montville.
Res. Lewiston.
Res. Turner ; same
as Carey, L.
Res. Readfield.
Same as Caswell?
('20).
('20) d. Aug. 4,
1818.
Res. Leeds; same
as Cushman,A.?
Maimed at Valley
Forge.
Res. Hallow ell.
('20).
Res. Coinville.
Res. Hairison.
Same as Casewell
S?
('20) d. August 13
1821.
Res. Pittsfield.
Wounded in R. 1.,
Aug. 1778.
Res.Paisonsfield
Res. S. Berwick.
Res. Lyman; same
as Chadbourne,
S.
Same as Chad-
bouin, Seamon?
('20 as C h a d-
boum) d. June
15, 1823.
Same as Chad-
bourn, S,
("20) d. Oct. 25,
1826.
d. Sept. 11, 1831
d. Nov. 1827.
d. Dec. 23, 1832.
('20) d. Oct. 26,
1831.
Res. Buxton.
C20).
Res. So. Berwick.
Res. Winthiop.
i'20),. . .
Res. Minot.
Res. Augusta,
d. June 1, 182S.
^20').
(■20).
Res. Minot.
('20) d. Sept. II,
1827.
Same as Cheney, J.
\2o SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
List.
Name.
Service.
Rank.
•35:1
'3.5cl
'40
•35d
'40
'35c
'35c
'35d
'40
'35c
'35e
'40
'35d
'40
■35d
'40
'35d
'40
'35c
'40
'35d
'40
'31b
'20
'35c
'35d
'40
'35c
'35d
'40
■ '2?
'40
'35:.
'35d
'40
'35d
'40
'40
'35a
'40
'35d
'35d
'40
•40
'35c
■40
'35c
'35c
•35d
•35o
•35d
•35(1
'40
'35a
•35d
'35c
•35d
'40
Chaplin, David.
Chaplin, Da\ id
Chaplin, .John
Chaplin, Lydia
Caapniin, tienjamin
Chapman, Benjimin
Chapnia:i, Nathaniel
Chase, Benjamin. .
Chase, Ebenezer . . .
Chase, Ezekiel .
Chase, Ezekiel .
Chase, Ezekiel.
Chase, Isaac . ,
Chase, Isaac
Chase, Nathaniel
Chase, Robert
Chase, Thomas. . .
Cheats, Ebenezer
Cheney, John. . .
Chesley, Sawyer.
Chick, Isaac . . . .
Chick, John.
Child, Amos .
Childs, Amos. . . .
Childs, Ebenezer. .
Childs, Ebenezer .
Childs, Enoch
Chipman, William
ChoUe, Ebenezer .
Church, Amoi . .
Church, Charles.
Church, Chailes.
Church, John. . .
Church, Samuel . . .
Church, Su annah
Churchell, Jabez . .
Churchill, Jabez. .
Churchill, Jabish.
Churchill, James . .
Churchill, Joseph..
Chuirhill, Josliua
Chuicl.iU, Josiah .
Churcl.ill, William.
C'hurcliill, William
Cliute, Josiiih
Chute, Jo.nah
Clark, Bunker
Clark, Charles
.Mas
Mass. line.
Mass. state .
Mass. mil .
Mass. line
N. H. line
Mass. mil.
R. I. line. .
Mass. line .
Mass. mil . .
Mass, state.
Mass. mil. .
N. H.'line'
Cont. nr.vy
Mass. line.
N. H. line.
Mass. mil .
Mass. line .
Mass. line.
Mass. mil .
Mass. line.
Mass. line and
state.
Mass. line .
Mass. mil
Mass. mil
Mass. line .
Mass. line.
Private.
Piivate. . . .
Private. . . .
Private. . . .
Piivate. . . .
Private. . ..
PiiMite of
ai tiller J
Private. .
Private .
Piivate. . . .
Private. . .
Private.
Private.
Mariner &
Private. .
Private. . .
Private. . .
Private. . .
Private. . .
Private . . .
Musician &
Mus. of
art.
Captain .
Priv ate . . .
Pri^ ate . . .
Private.
Private. . .
Pvt.,Drum-
mer and
Corp.
Private. . . .
f>ergeant. .
Private.
Mass. line . .
Mass. mil . .
Mass. line .
Mass. state .
Mass. state.
Mass. mil .
Mass. line.
N. H. line
Mass. mil.
Private. .
Private .
Private. .
Serjeant.
Pri^ ate. .
Sergeant . .
Pvt., Corp
andSerg.
Private. . . .
Private. . . .
Age.
00
County.
Oxford .
Oxford.
Cumberland.
Ox.ord
Kennebec.
Lincoln
.Somerset
Kennebec . .
Lincoln.
Lincoln
Penobscot . .
Penobscot.
Piscataquis.
Cumberland.
Cumbeiland
Lincoln.
I..incoln ....
Oxford.
Oxford
Lincoln ....
Lincoln ....
Oxford
Remarks.
84 Oxford
75
52
Kennebec
York.
York
Lincoln .
('20) Age prob-
ably incorrectly
given.
Res. Waterfoid
Res. Nobleboio'.
('20) d. Jan.
1819.
^20).
Res. Edgecomb.
('20, '■i\h).
Res. Sebec.
Res. Standish.
!Res. Bowdoin.
Res. Buckfield.
1('20).
Res. Georgetown.
('20, ship "AUi-
' ance'^) CSlb).
Res. Livermore.
Perhaps same as
^ Chuate, E.
Same as Chaney.
d. May 29, 1823.
Kennebec
Kennebec . .
Kennebec. . .
Franklin . . .
7.5' Somerset . . .
70 Oxford
Oxford
Cumberland
Cumberland
Kennebec . .
Somerset . . .
Franklin . . .
81 Somerset.
Kennebec.
Somerset . . .
Oxford
Oxford. ...
Oxford
Oxford
Kennebec .
Waldo.
Oxford
Cumberland
Kennebec.
Oxford
Cumheiland
Cumheilai.d
Kennebec . .
Kennebec.
Kennebec . .
Res. York.
('20) d. June 23,
1826.
(■20).
Res. Vassalboro'.
Invalid. ('35a)
Res. Farmington.
d. Jan. 7, 1834.
(20).
Res. Oxford.
('20).
Res. Bridgton.
Res. Augusta.
('20, '31b).
Res. Phillips.
Res. Mercer.
Re=. Buckfield,
same as Churc-
hill, Jabish?
(•20).
Res. Hartford.
(•20 as Jabesh)
Same as Churc-
hell, J.?
(•20).
I'L'O).
d. Jan. 30, 1833.
Res. Livermore.
Pensioned July 11,
177(i.
(■2(J).
(•20) d. May 10,
1819.
Res..\ugu8ta.
REVOLUTIONARY PENSIONERS IN MAINE 121
List.
Name.
Service.
Rank,
Age
County.
Remarks.
•35d
Clark, Charlef G . . .
Mass. mil . . . .
Piivate . . .
70
Yoik.
'40
.
75
York
'35c
Clark. David
Mass. line ....
Pri^ate . .
73
Cumberland .
020).
'35e
Clark David
3d regt Mass
('291 d. Mar. 18.
1831.
line.
'3od
Clark, Ebenezer.
Mas-s. mil
Private.. .
82
Yoik.
'3.5c
Cla:k, Ebenezer. . . .
N. H. liae
Private.. .
10
York
d. Dec. 25. 1831.
'20
Clark, Eleazer
N. H. line
Filiate. ..
Pio J. same as EL-
enezei .
'31b
Clark, Ephir.im . . .
Private. .
—
•35d
Claik, Ephraim ....
Conl. iia'. y . . .
Mariner. . .
78
York
('20, ship '■Alli-
ance").
'40
84
Res. Limington.
'35c
Clark, Hanson ....
Mass. line
Piivate . . . .
78
Kennebec.
'35c
Claik, James
Mags, line
Private
73
Pe.iohscot . . .
(■20) ('31b, as
James 2d.)
'40
.
77
Penobscot . . .
Res. Newpoit.
'40
Clark, .Janiea
51
Waldo
(,'20 as James 2d)
Res. Fiankfort.
'35d
Claik, John
Mass. state. . . .
Private
7.')
Yoik.
'35d
Claik, John
N. H. line
Ensign. . . .
78
Someiset.
d. Sept. 2, 1832.
'20
Clark, Jonathan. . . .
Mass. line
Lieutenant
—
('31b).
'35c
Clark, Joseph
Mass. line
Private. . . .
70
Lincoln
(■20).
'40
Clark, Josir.h
74
70
Lincoln
Yoik
'35d
N. H. line
Piivate
('20).
'40,
88
81
York
Lincoln
'35c
Clark, Thomas
Mass line
Piivate . . .
('20) d. 1821.
'35d
Clark, William
N. H. mil
Piivate. . . .
8j
York.
'40
Clay, Benjamin. . . .
8s
67
York
York
'35c
Mass. line
Pri^ ate. . . .
('20, '31b).
'35d
Cleaves, Abraham. .
Mass. mil
Private. . .
71
Kennebec.
'40
Cleaves, Edmund..
7f.
7,s
Kennebec. . .
Cumberland
Res. Windsor.
'35c
Mass. line
Private. . . .
(■20) d. June 29,
1828.
'35c
Clea\es, William. . .
Mass. line
Private. , . .
79
Cumberland .
('20).
'-10
Clea\ es, William . . .
80
SO
Cumberland .
Penobscot . . .
Res. Cumberland.
35c
Clewley, Isaac
.Mass, line
Private. . . .
('20 as Clewly).
•35c
Clitloiu, Da^ id
N. H.line
Private. . . .
65
Lincoln
(•20). H
'31b
Clough. Benjanun .
Clough, Benjamin. .
Private. . .
Pvt and
70
Cumberland.
'35d
.Mass. line
drummer
'35d
Clough, Benjamin.
Mass line
Private. . . .
70 &
79
75
74
Kennebec . .
('20).
'40
Clough, John
Kennebec . . .
Somerset ....
Res. Monmouth.
'35c
N. H. line
Private. . . .
('20).
'40
80
Franklin. . . ,
Res. Phillips.
1794
Clcugh, Noah
Arnold's legt.
Private. .
Wounded at Que-
bec, Dec. 31,
1775. Res.
.\iundel.
'35c
Cluff, No.ih
.M;'.:s. line
Private. . .
70
York
{'20) Prcb. identi-
cal with pre-
ceediiig. Transf.
from Mass. 1819
d. Sept. 1824.
'35c
Coambs, John
N. H. line
Pri^ ate. .
7S
Kennebec . . .
Same as Coombs?
Transf. fiom
Meirimac Co.,
N. H. 1826.
'35d
Cobb, Daniel
.Mas.s. mil . . . .
Pri. of art.
72
Cumbeiland.
'40
79
Cumbeiland
Res. Poitland.
Tiansf. to Bris-
tol Co., Mass.
'29
Cobb, David
Mass
Capt.of ait
'35e
Cobb, David
5 regt., Mass.
line.
Lieut. Col.
—
Hancock
Transf. to Biistol
Co., Mass.
'35c
Cobb, Ebenezei. . . .
Mass. line
Private. . . .
67
Oxfoid
'20, d. May 9,
1^26.
'35J
Cobb, Malhtiah. . .
-Mass. line ....
Pvt.&Serg.
79
Somerset ....
('20 as Milatial.).
'35 _
Cobb, Nathaniel .. .
.Vlass. line
Pvt.&Co;p.
85
Cumberland.
'35c
-obb, Rol.md
-\Iass. line
Private. . . .
78
Lincoln
('20).
'4o
Cobb, Rowland.
82
72
Lincoln
Cumberland .
Res. Warren.
'35c
Co.'jb, Silvanus ....
.vlass. line
Private. . .
('20).
'35a
Cobb, William. . .
-M .;s. state. . . .
Piivate . . .
70
O.xford.
'4 )
Cob'idge, Joreph
Coburn, Jeptha . . .
75
Oxord
Ox.ord
Res. Hcbioi.
'35
.\lasi. line
\Iass. line
Pi ivate . . .
Private . .
'35c
T2
Kennebec . . .
Transf. from Mid-
d 1 e s e X Co.,
Ma -3. 182r.
122 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
List.
Name.
Service.
Rank. Age.
Count J .
Remarks.
'40
•35c
Coburn, Jephthah .
Coburn, Moses. . .
'?5d Coffin, Isaac
•4b
'3oc Coffin, Nathaniel.
'35c
'35c
•35d
'40
'35d
'35c
Coffin, Nicholas .
Coffin, Peter. . .
Coftfen, Robert .
Cofren, Robert .
Cogswell, Northend,
Coker, William
'40 Colbath, Leighton.
'3.5d!Colheth, Peter. . . .
'40 Colbey, Benjamin
'40 Colborn, Thomas..
[35d Colbroth, Lemuel .
'35d,Colbuin, Ebenezer
'40 Colbuin, Heniy . .
'35c Colburn, Thomas. .
'35d
'40
'35d
'3od
'4,0
•35.1
'40
•35c
•46
'20
'40
'35c
'35d
'35d
'35d
•35c
•35d
'40
'35d
'35d
'2S
'35c
'35c
•40
•35
'40
'35d
'40
'40
'40
'35 c
•40
•20
'35d
'35(1
Colbuin, William.
Colby, Benjamin .
Colby, Eber.ezer .
Colby, James ....
Colby, James ....
Colby, Samuel, 2d .
Colby, Samuel . .
Colby, Samuel . .
Colby, Samuel . . .
Colby, Sj Jvanus. .
Colcord, Josiah.
Cole, Abel
Cole, Abijah . .
Cole, Ba.inet. .
Coje, Benjamin .
Cole, Edward .
Cole, Eleazei . .
CoJe, Eli
Cole, Henry . .
Cole, Isaiah. .
Cole, John. . .
Cole, Mary C.
Cole, Samuel .
Colley, Richard.
Co^le.^, William.
Collings. Daniel .
Collings. Lemuel ,
Collins, Benjamin
Collins, Daniel .
Collins, Daniel
Collins, David
Mass
Private.
Mass. mil ..... ;Pri\atc.
Mass. line
N. H.line.
N. H.line.
N. H.line.
Mass.mil Private.
Cont. navy. . Pri\ate.
Lieutenajit
Private. . . .
Private. . . .
Private. . . .
Mass. mil .
Mass. mil. .
Mass, sjate.
N. H.line
Pvt. of art
Piivate. .
Pii\ate. .
Mass. mil .
Mass. mil.
N. H. state.
Mass. mil .
Mass .line .
Private .
Private
Sergeant
Piivate. .
81 Fianklin.
69 Oxford. .
78
79
Vork.
VorK
Waldo. . .
Waldo ...
Oxford . .
Kennebec
75 Kennebec
72 Vork.
74 Lincoln .
451 Penobscot
831 Wasfiington
89 Somerset .
82 Franklin .
71 Kennebec
73 Waldo.
79; Waldo. . .
70 Kennebec
74|Penobscot.
79| Penobscot .
84| Kennebec ,
Mass. line.
Mass. line .
Piivate.
Piivate.
Piii ate.
Private.
70
N. H. line Private
Mass. state .. . . Private.
Mass. line Pri\ate.
Mass. line [Private
Mass. mil Private.
ioik.
York ....
Kennebec.
Lincoln .
Lincoln. . .
Lincoln . .
Cumberland
Lincoln
79 Yoik.
Mass. state. . . . Sergeant
Mass. line Private..
Mass. line .
Mass. line .
2d Lieut.
Piivate. . ,
Private. . .
Lincoln.
Hancock.
Kennebec .
Kennebec.
Waldo. . .
Oxford . . . .
74' York.
79 Lincoln.
77I Kennebec
Mags, line .
Mass. line .
Mass. line .
N. H. line.
R. I. lin<
Private. .
Private. .
Lincoln ...
Lin,coln
Lincoln
Cumbeiland
Cumberland
Cumbeiland .
Fianklin .
83lFranklii
Pri\ ate.
Private .
Piivate.
Pvt . and
Marir.e.
Somerset .
Some I set .
Somerset .
Somerset .
Res. New Shajon.
Transf . from Mid-
dlesex, Co., Mass
1824.
Res. Lyman.
d. July 23, 1823.
('20).
(•20).
(•20 N. H. line)'
Res. Vienna.
('31b).
(•20 Mariner, ship
"Boston^^j d.
1824.
Res. Exetex.
Res. Embden.
Same as Colby?
Res. Wilton Same
as Colburn, T?
See also Coolbroth
Res. Knox.
Same as Colboin?
Transf. from
Stafford Co., N.
H. 1822.
Res. Oiono.
Same as Colbejr?
Res. Newfield.
Res. Webster.
120^.
Res. Wtstfort.
Res. Portland.
(•20) d. Fel , 2.
1833.
(•20).
Res. Irankfoit..
d. Aug. 4, ,1833.
(.'20) d. Dec. 16.,
1832.
Invalid.
(20,' 3 lb) See also
Cool.
Res. Waldoboio'
(•20).
Res. Lewiston.
Res. Cumberland.
Rrs. Falmouth.
Same as CuUey?
Res:. Industry.
See also Collins.
D.
Res. Industry.
See also Collins,.
L.
(•20).
Res. St. Albans.
('31b)
Same as Collings,.
D.
(31 b) Ship "Al-
fred". See also-
Collings.
RE\'OLUTIOXARY PENSIONERS' IN MAINE 123
List.
Name.
Service.
Rank.
Age.j Coiinty.
1
Remarks.
'35c'
Collins, Daniel
Cont. navy. . . .
Mariner. . .
79
Someiset ....
(31b).
'a5d
UoUins, Joseph
Mass, mil .....
Piivate. . . .
74
Cumbeiland .
'40
SO
Res. Gaidiner.
C'20) see also Col-
'35d
Collins, Leniuf 1 , . ,
Mass. line
V^t. and
77
Kennebec . . .
Pvt. of
lings.
artillei J .
'35d
IJollins, Philemon. . .!
Mass. mil
Private , . .
74
Somerset.
'35d Colling, Rie'iard . . .
Mass. line
Piivate. ...
SJ
Washington.
'3oc Collins, Solomon ...
Mass. line
Piivate. . . . 1
72
Hancock. |
'40
'20
1
77
Waldo
Ilolson, David
Mass. line ....
Piivate. ...
'35c Co'.son, Hateevil. . . .''
Mass. line
Piivate . . . . 1
84
Hancock. . . .
d. June 26, L82L
'35c Combs, Hezekiah. .
Mass. line ....
Private...
73
Lincoln
(•20) d. June 19,
1830.
'20
Coims, H.
'35d Combs, William . . .
Mass. line ....
Private . . .
SI
Cumberland .
Same as Coombs,
W.
('20, •31b).
'35d
Conant, Penjamin
Mass. line
Private ...
78
Oxfojd
'40
Conant, Syh'ia, ....
X4
Oxfoid
Res. Turner.
65
48
69
Hancock ....
Aroostook . .
Oxfoid.
■40
'40
'35c Cone, Elijah
Mass. line
Pii-vate .. .
'35c Cone, Samu«l
Conn. line ....
Frigate
80
Penobscot . .
('20).
•40
S()
Penobscot . . .
Res. Hampden.
'35d
Conej, Daniel
Mass. mil ....
Pvt. and
Lieut.
82
Kennebec . . .
Same as Cony.
'35c Conn, Jonathan . . . .
Mass. line. ...
Coipoial. . .
80
Oxfojd
('20).
'40
Cony, Daniel
87
Kennebec . . .
Same as Coney.
'3.5c Cook, David
Mass. line
Captain . .
73
Cumberland .
('20) Invalid.
pensionei under
act of 1791. d.
Oct. 27, 1823.
'35d
Cook, Eli
Mass. line
Private . . .
76 Cumberland .
('20).
'35c
Cook, Joseph
Mass. line
Private. . . .
72
Kennebec . . .
('20).
'40
87
77
Yoik
Somerset
'35c
Cook, Saul
Mass. line
Plicate. .
'40
82
Kennebec
('20). Res. Litch-
field.
'35c
Cookson, Reuben..
Mass. line
Pii\ ate .
84
Kennebec . . .
('20) d. Feb. 14,
1829.
'35d
Cool, John
Mass. line
Private ...
79
Kennebec . . .
('20, 31b).
'40
Coolbroth, Daniel. .
83
SO
Kenr.ebec . . .
Oxfoid
'35c
Mass. line
Private.. .
See also Colbioth.
'40
79
Oxford
as Coblidge?
'20
Coolidge, Silas. . . . .
N. H. line
Piivate. . .
—
'35c
Coolidge, Silas
Mass. line
Pri\ale ..
78
Hancock.
'35d
Coombs, John
Mass. line
Piivate. . .
78
Cumbeiland .
See also Coambs.
'40
77
77
Cumbeiland .
Cumberlr.nd .
Res. Harpsv^ell.
(■20, 31b).
'35d
Coombs, Joseph S. .
Mass. line
Piivate. . . .
'40
Coombs, Rachel. . . .
Coombs, William. . .
79
86
Lincoln ...
Cumbeiland .
'40
Res. Haipsvvell.
Same as Combs,
W.
(20) d. Oct. 31,
'35c
Cooms, Samuel C .
Mass. line
Privr.te . . .
75
Lincoln
1826.
'35c
Cooper, .\lexander..
Mass. line
Piivate ...
90
York
('20).
•35c
Coims, Hosea
Mass. line
Piivate. . .
65
Hancock . . .
Prob. same as
Combs, H., d.
June 14, 1824.
'35c
Cornish, John
Mass. line
Private . .
71
Cumbeiland .
(•20).
'4C
Cotton, John
8-1
97
Cumbeiland .
Lincoln . . . .
'35c
Mass. line
Private , .
(,'20, quartermas-
ter serg.) d.May
20, 1824.
'35c
Couch, John
Mass. line
Private. . .
68
Kennebec . .
('20) d. Sept. 5,
1825.
Re« Hallovvel!
'40
54
! 06
Kennebec. . . .
Yoi k
'35c
Cousens, Ebenezei
Mass. line
Private. . .
('20), CSlb, as
1
Cousins).
•35d
Cousins, Nathaniel.
Mass. state. . . .
Corp. and
Lieut.
89
York
d. Aug. 13, 1832.
'35c
Cousins, Samuel. . . .
Mass. line
Private . ..
74
Waldo
(•20).
'35d
Covall, Judah
Mass. mil
Pvt. and
Seig.
76
Waldo.
124 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
List.
Name.
Seivice.
Rank.
Age.
County.
Remarks.
'40
'40
'35r
'40
'35c
'35c
'40
'35c
'35c
'35cl
'35d
'40
'35d
'35d
'35d
'35c
'35c
'40
'35d
'35d
40
'35d
'40
'35d
Covin, .Iiidah . . .
Cowan, Elizabeth.
Cowan, Isaac . .
Cowan, Jane . .
Cowan, William.
Cowing, Calvin .
Cox, Benjamin. .
Cox, Bray
Mass. line .
N. H. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line .
Cont.navj
Cox, Hugh. . . .
Ciafts, Samuel .
Ciatts, Samuel .
Ciaig, Elias . . . .
Craig, Enoch . .
Craig, Samuel. ,
Cram, John S, .
Cram, Tristram .
Crammer, John .
Crane, Abijah. . .
Crane, Rufus . .
Mass. state.
Mass. mil. .
Mass. line. .
Mass. state .
Mass. mil.
Mass. line .
N. H. line.
Mass. line .
Mass. mil.
'35d
'40
'35d
'35d
'20
'40
'35c
'40
'35c
'31a
'35d
'35c
'40
'35c
'3.5c
'3.5c
'40
'35c
•35d
'35c
'35d
'35c
'35c
'35c
'35d
'40
'35c
'40
•35c
Ciary, Joseph iMass. line .
Crawford, Thomas . Mass. line .
Crawford, William
Ci earner, John
Cree, Asa
Creech, Richaid. ..
Creesey, Benjamin
Mass. state.
Mass. mil,
Mass. line .
Cresy, Benjamin. . . (Mass. line.
Crips, Michael. .
Ciocker, Benjamin . Mass. line.
Crockett, Benjamin.
Ciockett, Ephraim
Crockett, Samuel. .
Cronielt, Jeremiah.
Cromwell, Jo.scph. .
C'looko', Joshua. . .
Crooker, Ruih.
Crosby, Cnarics. . .
Crosby, Kben
Crosby, Stephen. . .
Cross, Caleb. .
Cioss, Joseph ,
Crossman, Joseph A
Crowell, Er.och. . . .
Crowell, Maroah. . .
Crowell, Michael. . .
Mass. line .
Mass. line.
Mass. line .
Mass. line .
Mass. line .
R. I. line. .
Mass. mil.
Mass. line .
Mass. mil . .
Mass. line. .
Cor^t. na\ y.
Mass. line. .
Private .
Private.
Private .
Private.
Seaman .
P^i^ ate.
Piivate.
Pri^ ate. . .
Pvt. and
Matioss
Pri\ ate. . .
Drummer
Private. . .
Pri-i ate.
Private.
Pvt . and
Sergeant
Private . .
Pvt. and
Pvt. ol
art.
Mass. line Musician. .
Pvt. and
Pvt. of
art.
P\t. of art
Croxfoid, John.
Mass . mil . .
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Private.
Private.
75
Hancock . ,
Kennebec
Kennebec
Kennebec
Kennebec
Lincoln. . .
Lincoln . . .
Oxford . . .
York.
Kennebec.
York.
O.xfoid
Kennebec .
Kennebec.
Penobscot.
York
Wr.ldo. . .
Lincoln
Kennebec
Lincoln.
Lincoln . . .
Waldo , . .
83!Waldo.
78 & Lincoln .
79
74 Kennebec.
82 Kennebec
77| Lincoln . ,
83 Lincoln. . .
83
Cumberland
7S I Cumberland
Private. . .
Pri^ ate. . .
Sergeant
Private . .
Private. .
Lincoln ...
Penobscot .
Cumberland.
Cumberland
Cumberland
Lincoln ....
91 Lincoln.
Cun
Ci.ii
rland
iland
Piivate. .
Private. .
Private. .
Private. .
Musician.
Marinei . .
Private. . .
iFri\a(e. . .
iPrivate. . ,
Private...
74 Penobst ot .
70 Kennebec .
Kennebec.
Cumberland
Cumberland
Kennebec . .
Kennetec.
Kennebec . . .
Kennebec . . ,
Kennebec . . .
Penobscot . . .
14,
Res. Deei Isle.
Res. Sidney.
('20) d. Mar. 3,
1830.
Res. Vassalboro'.
('20).
('20).
Res. Lisbon.
('20) d. Jan.
1832.
('20, frigate
"Dean") d.Jan.
14, 1821.
Res. Hebron.
('20, '31b).
('20) d. Jan. 3,
1824.
('20).
Res. Waldoboro.
See also Creamer
('20, lb).
Res Warren.
('31b).
Res. Jackson.
("20, '31b).
Res. Gardiner.
See also Crammer.
('20) d. Oct. 30,
1833.
Same as Cruch.
Res Palniouth.
Same as Cresy,
B.
('20 as Cresey)
Same as Creesey
Res Bowdoinham.
('20).
Rejected as serv-
ing in reg't not
on Cont. es-
tablishment.
('20). r *'
Res. Cape Eliza-
beth.
('20 as Cromett)
d. Jan. 1828.
('20) d. Mav 12,
1.^31.
('20).
Res. Minot.
('20).
('20) d. Mnj 5,
1-830.
(•20) d. May 2.
1822.
d. July 22,-; 1831.
('20 as Erock) d.
Apr. 4, 1823.
Res. Wateiville.
('20).
Res. China.
(,'20) d. Dec. 15
1820.
REVOLUTIONARY PENSIONERS' IN MAINE 125
List.
Name.
Service.
Rank.
Age.
County.
Remarks.
'35c
Cruch, Richard
Mass. line
Pri\ate. , . .
—
Kennebec . . .
Same as Cieech,,
d, June 13,1819.
1794
2d. N. H.regt..
Private,...
Wounded on re-
tieat fiom Ti-
ccndeioga,Julv
7, 1777. Res.
Washington.
'35d
Culley, William . . .
Mass. line
Piivate. . . .
82
Cumberland .
Same as Colley,
W?
'35d
Cummings, Asa. . . .
Mass. mil. .....
Pii\ate. . . .
73
Oxford .
'35d
Cunimings, Josiah. .
Mass . mil
P 1 t. a n d
Coip.
vy
Cumberland.
'35d
Cummings, Richard
Mass. line
P\t.of art.
84
Lincoln.
'40
45
Waldo
Res. Hope.
'35c
Cummings, Thomas
Mass. line
Piivate. , . ,
79
Cumbeiland .
' V*Mr'-'
'35e
Cumings, Thomas . .
Mass. line
Lieutenant.
83
Cumberland .
('20) d. Oct. 24,
1§25.
'35d
Cunningham, Sam'l.
Mass. state ....
Piivate. . . ,
74
Lincoln.
'35c
Cunningham, Thos.
N. H. line
Private . . , ,
vy
Lincoln
('20).
'35d
Cunningham, Tim-
othv.
Mess state.. . .
P vt. and
Seaman.
V9
Lincoln.
'35d
Curriei, Abiaham..
Mass. line
Private, . . .
75
Yoik.
'40
81
Yoik
Res. Kennebunk-
port.
'40
Curtis, Benjamin. . .
S3
Waldo
Res. Monroe; same
as Cuitiss, B.
'35c
Cuitis, Caleb
Mass. line
Pri-i ate ....
75
Lincoln.
'40
Cuitis, Chailes. . . .
82
74
Lincoln ....
Lincoln
Res. Topsham.
'35c
Mass. line
Piivate. , .
('20 as Curtiss) d.
Aug. 27, 1819.
'35c
Cuitis, Joseph. . . .
Mass. line ....
Piivate ..
77
Yoik
('20 as Cuitiss) d.
Dec. 11, 1823.
'35c
Cuitiss, Benjamin . ,
Cont.na\ y . , . .
Marinei . . .
79
Waldo
Same as Cuitis, B.
'35c
Cuftiss, David
Mass. line
Priv ate ....
80
Someiset , . . ,
d. Dec. 1827.
'35c
Cuitiss, Stephen . . .
Mass. line
Piiv ate. . . ,
V9
Oxford
('20).
'35c
Cushing, Loiing . . .
Mass. line
Piivate. , . .
68
Cumbeiland .
^20) d. Apr. ,1820.
'35d
Cushman, Andiew. .
Mass. line
Piivate. . . .
73
Kennebec , . .
('20, '31b). Same
as Cashman?
'35d
Cushman, Caleb . . .
Mass. line
P V t . a n d
Seigtant
83
Oxfoid
d. Mar. 16, 1833.
'35d
Cushman, Caleb . . .
Mass. mil. . . .
F \ t. a n d
Fifei.
V8
Oxfoid.
'35d
S3 Oxfoid
'35d
Cushman, Isaac. . . .
Mass. mil ....
Piivate. . . .
gCOxfoid.
'35d
Cushman, Isaiah . . .
Mass. line
Private . ,
74 & Cumbeiland .
77
74 Oxfoid.
('20).
'35d|Cughman, Isaiah, . .
Mass. line . . . .
Piivate
Same as pieceding
'40
84 Oxloid
Reg. Sumner.
'31a
Private , .
Rejected on ac-
count ot am't.
of hi^ piopertj .
'35d Cushman, John. . . .
Mass. line
Piivate, . .
73 Kennebec . . .
d. Jan. 27, 1834.
'35diCushman, Jonathan
Mass. line
Sergeant . .
79 Kennebec.
79 Oxfoid
73 Oxloid
78 Lincoln.
Res. Norv^ay.
'40
'35a
Res. Oxford.
Cushman, Sihanus.
Mass. mil. . . .
Private
'35diCushman, William .
Mass. mil
Private.. . .
70 Oxfoid.
75 Oxford
71 Oxioid
Res, Hartford.
'35c|Cushman, Zebedee
Cont. navy . . . .
Manner. . .
('20, ship "Provi-
dence. )
'40
89 Oxfoid
Res. Hebron, same
as Cushman, G.
According- to the Maine Register for 1821, the first Savings Bank
in Maine was known as the " Portkmd Institution for Savings."
Its first president was Prentiss MeUen, with Mathew^ Cobb, Asa
Clap, A. R. Parris, Ezekiel Whitman, Stephen Longfellow, Jr.
James Deering and Levi Cutter for vice-presidents.
126 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
Relating to the War of 1812
Contributed by Ciiari^Es A. Flagg
Tlic foUoz^'ing Icttrr was addressed to Honorable John
Holmes iclio i^'us one of the first tzvo senators that Maine
elected to the Senate of the United States {1S20-1827) and sub-
sequently had a seat in the Senate to fill a vacancy {1829-1833)
caused by the resignation of Albion K. Parris. This letter was
found in a package of old papers in the office of the clerk of
courts in .llfred, Maine, and printed in a nezvspaper, probably
the Bangor Coinniereial about 18(^2.
Lancaster, Oct. 11, 1814.
Dear Sir :
I now devote a few moments, in answer to your several inquiries, relat-
ing- to the conduct of the British while they remained in Bangor. A plain
statement of facts must suiifice — language being inadequate to give you but
an imperfect idea of their outrages. As the enemy approached the Town a
flag of truce was sent out to the land, as well as naval forces, to ascertain
upon what terms the Town must capitulate. The answer to each was, uncon-
ditional submission, public offices and property to be given up, the People of
the Town to give up their arms and parole themselves, and private property
should be most sacredly respected, to all of which the Town agreed. But
they had not been in the .place two hours before they commenced a scene of
])lunder and liavoc, which the most savage Goth would have shrunk from.
The principal stores were broken open and stripped of everything. What
they could not take away they destroyed.
Dwelling houses were entered, furniture broken, clothing of every
description stolen, even women's stockings and infant's apparel. The several
law shops in town broken open, libraries and papers torn up or carried away.
But one ofifice out of live escaped. The inhabitants not only had to supply
them with provisions, etc., but they were forced to cook for them — dig
potatoes and draw water for their soldiers. The vessels, about to sail,
they took and solemnly agreed to navigate them to Castine, and then let
the owners ransom them; but before they got out of sight of the town, they
saw them in flames. They took 20 or 30 of the best horses and agreed to
return them when they embarked their troops at Hampden, but tliey were
carried to Castine, and a few only have been recovered — in fact in almost
every instance, when they pledged their hands as gentlemen and officers they
violated the pledge and with as much ease as they made it — and in the little
village of Bangor they destroyed something like $30,000 of private property,
besides the bond of $30,000 which the Selectmen gave to launch the vessels
on the stocks and deliver them at Castine. They enforced their demands
l)y the threat to burn the town — this they made every hour. In addition to
these outrages upon private property, and the total disregard they paid to
their most sacred agreements, their personal abuse and indignities were the
most humiliating — and here let me remark that in dealing out their ven-
ISAAC ROYAL LETTER 127
geance upon property and individuals it fell with unsparing hands upon the
"Friends of Peace." Those who expected protection received the gj^ter
indignities— the New England spirit was no shield against the "tender mer-
cies" of Strong's Bulwark. I will give you a few instances of their
gentlemanly and humanic conduct to their professed friends. Doctor Fiske, a
respected merchant and Federalist, was horse-whipped out of his carriage
by commander Barrie because he did not instanter obey his haughty mandate ;
then put under guard and forced to do drudgeries of the soldiers.
Capt. Hammond, the Representative of the town, a Federalist, had his
store broken open, and everything destroyed. Mr. Button, a lawyer, and one
of John Bull's warmest advocates, had to draw water for the soldiers, wait
upon them like a negro— he even had to take a wagon, half load some
drunken sailors into it and draw them down to the wharf. Mr. McGaw, a
lawyer and the most respected Federalist in Town, was ordered under
guard and called a liar because he said he did not belong to the militia, and
in order to get a place of greater safety for his wife he had to leave his
own house and go to a Tavern and pass the night where some of the offi-
cers put up. Mr. Hill, a lawyer and Federalist, had his House entered, his
clothes taken, even his wife's stockings, and when he protested against it,
was threatened to be run thro'. The Parson (a good, pious soul) who has
ever refused to pray for the success of our American Arms, did not escape
their attention— a camping company quartered in his house, burned his wife's
muff and tippet, and destroyed many of his Books and Papers. I can name
many more instances in which they protected their professed Friends m
like manner, but sufficient has been stated to show you that the Federalist
can expect no more mercy or favor in the contest. Love of country is
almost the only virtue an Englishman possesses. And they respect that
spirit wherever they find it. Contrast the outrages they have heaped upon
these non-combatants, these professed enemies of Madison and this war,
with that toward Mr. Carr, the member of Congress, who voted for war;
his house was threatened to be Inirnt, his property destroyed, etc., but the
old man appeared among them, told them who he was, etc., and they
respected him so far as not to injure his property one cent and to treat him
without the least insult. In Hampden their conduct was, if possible, more
outrageous than in Bangor. It is vain to paliate these outrages by saying
the soldiers and sailors would not be restrained, and that the officers dis-
countenanced it, for those who know British discipline know lietter, and as
these depredations were committed under the eye of the officers and Com.
Berrie headed the plundering party in Hampden in person, and the com-
mittee of safety from Bangor, who went to Castine to see Sir John Sher-
brook, with the expectation of obtaining relief, returned as they went—
nothing was done.
I had forgotten to name one other fact which ought to stamp infamy
on their characters ; at Hampden three or four physicians had taken a house
as a Hospital in which to dress the wounded if taken there, and a number
of cases of instruments and medicine, and while dressing the wounds of the
injured a party of British soldiers entered, drove them out. broke up the
instruments, wasted the medicine, and robbed the pockets of a Dr. Knapp
128 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
from Newburyport of four hundred dollars. This is British honor and
British magnanimity. This good effect has however resulted from their
conduct; political animosity is merged in love of Country — all are now con-
vinced that submission will not answer, that manly resistance alone com-
mands respect. It was the general opinion especially of the Federalist pri-
vate property would not be injured, and that a perfect surrender to their
mercy was the only security, but, ah ! fatal delusion. The stage has arrived
—you shall have by next mail something relating to Gen. Blake's conduct.
You may make what use you please of the foregoing facts, for they are
what I know or have heard from those I can rely upon, but I wish you not
to make use of my nan:e publicly.
In haste, your Ob't Serv't,
J. K. Whitney.
MARTEN STREAM IN OCTOBER
There is a stream whose beauty has bewitched me —
A stream whose hiding place is here in Maine,
I cannot tell you all her charms and graces,
But "Marten" is this beauteous creature's name.
Young Maples flash like fire in gold and garnet,
Poplar and Beech, with yellow banners stand,
While Pine and Hemlock in their somber vesture
Approve the scene and cheer the dazzling band.
As maidens clad in white strew blushing roses
Before young lovers on their wedding day.
White Birches with a wealth of golden tresses.
Make for fair Marten a resplendent way.
I wonder if, in this great world's creation.
Marten was born on an October day,
And if Dame Nature, proud of her fair daughter,
Marks the event in this most sumptuous way.
Or, has Dame Nature known my admiration.
And listened to all I have had to say,
And cried : "I'll make her queen of brooks and streamlets.
And tins shall be her coronation day."
Whatc'cr thy plan or purpose, Mother Nature,
Thou hast flung out a wealth of color bright.
To flash and flame, and mark October daylight.
Before November dusk and December night.
— Good Will Record.
SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
PUBLISHED QUARTERLY
Entered as second class matter at the post office, Dover, Maine, by John
Francis Sprague, Editor and Publisher.
Terms : For all numbers issued during the year, including an index and
all special issues, $i.oo. Single copies, 25 cents. Bound volumes $2.00 each.
Postage prepaid on all items, except bound volumes west of Mississippi
River.
Commencing with Vol. 3, the terms will be $1.00 only to subscribers who
pay in advance, otherwise $1.50.
OUR MESSAGE TO YOU
First Teach the Boy and Girl to Know and Love their Own To\vn,
County and State and You have Gone a Long Way Toward Teaching
Them to Know and Love Their Country.
MAINE RESEARCH CLUB STORIES FOR A
SCHOOL READER
We have heretofore mentioned in the Journal that the Club
women of Maine, realizing the fact that Maine historical work is
being sadly neglected in the schools of our state, have undertaken
to produce a book in the near future to be used as a school reader.
Too much praise and encouragement cannot be extended to them
for this and the Journal is also gratified to know that our present
State Superintendent of Schools, Dr. A. O. Thomas, is heartily in
favor of this enterprise and is rendering it all possible aid.
The people of Maine are to be congratulated upon having a man
at the head of this department with a vision broad enough to take
this position.
That the forthcoming book will be of value and merit is not
problematical.
The brilliant writing talent of this club has already produced two
of the most important and interesting Maine books that have been
issued in recent years, Maine in History and Romance (1915) and
The Trail of the Maine Pioneer (1916) hence any literary propo-
sition eminating from this source is in no sense experimental.
From the Lewiston Journal we take the following which is the
latest information regarding this matter:
In view of the fact that Mrs. E. C. Carll, president of the Maine Writers
Hesearch club^ deems it wise to omit the Research club's fall meeting, post-
I30 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
poned because of the epidemic, the coiniiiittee on the proposed historical
reader for the public schools makes its report in the form of an open letter.
Below is the list of the club stories chosen by Dr. A. O. Thomas, State
Superintendent of Schools, as most appropriate for the proposed reader. In
selecting these stories from the sixty or more submitted Dr. Thomas em-
phasizes the fact that many of those rejected are admirably written but are
better suited to older readers and for this reason, are excluded. In many
cases the same subject was chosen by more than one writer and so excellent
was each story that Dr. Thomas found it difficult to make a choice.
Several writers submitted two stories, some as many as four, for each
club member was invited to submit as many as she would. Dr. Thomas dis-
regarded entirely the authorship in his choice and in one or two instances
chose three stories from the same writer and often two from the same pen.
He chose them for their excellence for the purpose of this volume.
The articles contributed by writers of acknowledged fame, — Col. Roose-
velt, Dr. Eliot, Dr. Stephens, Hugh Pendexter, Holman Day, Hon. W. VV.
Thomas, Thomas Nelson Page, Col. Fred N. Dew, John Clair Minot, and
others, he believes will add greatly to the value of the book.
Dr. Thomas in general hnds the club stories admirable. He offers his
congratulations to the Maine Writers Research club.
The hnal selection of stories — for this is only a preliminary (.)ne — will
be made from the group below listed. Many of them must be shortened,
one or two entirely rewritten as the style is not suited for the children'.^
reader. Dr. Thomas thought the manuscript might be ready for next .\pril
but was not in favor of haste, especially in the war times, now happily turned
to peace.
The committee will now undertake the hnal work of shortening and
otherwise editing the stories in harmony with Dr. Thomas' suggestions. The
stories will then be sent to the State superintendent for the hnal reading.
The book committee consists of A. L. Dingley, chairman, Louise Wheel-
er Bartlett and Jessica J. Haskell.
The List of Stories Chosen
The stories selected by Dr. Thomas for the School Reader, follow :
"Aly Debt to Maine," Col. Roosevelt.
"When Maine Was Made a State," Clara X. Fogg, Bowdoinham.
"The State Seal," (contributed).
"A Soldier Boy of the Revolution Who Whipped the I'uture King of
England^" Fanny E. Lord, Bangor.
"Jerry O'Brien," (poem) (contributed).
"Rebecca Weston," Sprague's Journal.
"General tloward," Mabel S. ^lerrill, Lewiston.
"Hannibal Hamlin," Dr. C. A. Stephens.
"Story of New Sweden," W. W. Thomas (founder of the colony).
"Elijah Kellogg," Holman F. Day.
Poem, John Kendrick Bangs.
"The Voyage of the Archangel," "The Sea Fight bar Away," Charlotte
H. 11. Beath, Boothbay Harbor.
EDITORIAL 131
"Neal Dow," Col. Fred N. Dow.
"The Returned Battle Flags,." (poem) Moses Owen.
"Some IMaple Sugar," Hugh Pendexter.
"A Little Girl of Gorham Town," Estelle Al. Tatterson, Saco.
"Lovewell's Fight," Eva L. Shorey.
"The Bloodless Aroostook War," Stella King White, Houlton.
"Little Christiana's Journey Thru the .Maine Woods in 181 3," Anna
Barnes, Houlton.
"Dr. Benj. Vaughn," "The Hero of Little Round-Top," Theda Carey
Dingley, Auburn.
"When the King Visited Sanford," "Maine's First Christmas," "The
Lost City of Xorumbega," Emmie Bailey Whitney, Lewiston.
"General Knox," Mrs. John O. Widber, Auburn.
"Governor King," lone B. Fales, Springfield, Mass., (formerly of Lew-
iston j.
"Arnold's Trail," Mrs. E. C. Carll, Augusta.
"The Alarie Antoinette House," "The Ride of Marguerette Knox," Maud
Gay Clark, Waldoboro.
"The Boy and the Boat," "The Birth of :\Liine," May Dunbar Devereaux,
Castine.
"Samoset," (poem.) Elizabeth Powers Merrill, Skowhegan.
"A Quaint Letter of Long Ago," (contributed).
"When Lafayette Came to Portland," Ella Mathews Bangs, Portland.
"Island Life in the Last Century," Dr. Eliot.
"Gov. Washburn," Rose D. Nealley, Lewiston.
"The Story of the River Kennebec," John Francis Sprague.
"Pilgrim Fathers of. the Kennebec," Louise H. Coburn, Skowhegan.
"Sir William Pepperell," Beulah Sylvester Oxton, Rockland.
"Father Rasle," Henrietta Tozier Totman, Oakland.
"Samuel Waldo," Jessica J. Haskell, Hallowell.
"The Story of Pemaquid," (retold from Cartland's Pemaquid).
'The First Thrill of Patriotism or the Story of William Conway,"
"From the Lips of Zilpah," "When Jean Vincent followed the Trail," Louise
Wheeler Bartlett, Castine.
"The Treasure Ship," Anna L. Dingley, Auburn.
A story by John Clair Minot is yet to be chosen from several offered
for the book.
All the stories contributed— with the exception of Col. Roosevelt's — are
written by Maine men or by men who live for at least a part of each year,
in Maine.
In 1 791 the District of Maine comprised five counties with popu-
lations as follows: York. 28,821; Cumberland. 25,450; Lincoln,
29,962; Hancock, 9.549: Washington. 2.758.
132 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
Notes and Fragments
111 the last issue of the Journal appeared a list of the officers
and members of the York County Teachers Institute contributed by
Henry AI. Packard.
Inadvertently the words "held at Biddeford, August, 1851'' were
omitted.
From an old copy of the New England Gazeteer published in
Boston in 1839 ^^'^ learn Maine's wheat crop for the year 1839 was
as follows :
Cumberland County 71,000 Bushels
Kennebec County 186,876
Penobscot County 202,143 "
Lincoln County 37,963 "
Hancock County 21,446 "
Somerset County 239,332 "
Waldo County 109,140 "
Washington County 27,014 "
York County 17.795 "
Mrs. So})hronia Farrow, the oldest woman in Rockland, died
Tuesday, Oct. 3, 191 8, at her home froiu the eft'ects of a fall a fort-
night before, she would have been 98 next Christmas. Miss Farrow
was born in Islesboro the vear Maine became a state. She made her
home in the famih- of the late Hon. Francis Cobb after coming to
I'vock'and. and for many an hour rocked his son W'illiaiu T. Cobb,
who became one of Maine's best known Governors. She was a
member of the Congregational church more than 60 years.
Among the recent contributions to Maine newspapers, one of the
most im]X)rtant was in the Lewiston Journal Oct. 31. 1918 by Hon-
orable James Phinney Baxter, ex-Mayor of Portland and a well
known author and jmblicist on "How Shall Peace Terms Be Made
With (lermanv."
NOTES AND FRAGMENTS 133
For the benefit of our readers fifty or more years from today,
we append the following items from Maine newspapers. They both
refer to Monday, November 11, 1918, the day when America and
the entire world learned for certain that Germany had hnallv made
an unconditional surrender to the forces of freedom.
Before such readers may see this we presume that the eleventh
day of November will have been made an international Thanksgiving
Day :
An interesting feature of tfie Victory celebration at Paris Hill, Monday,
was the firing of the historic musket that was brought over from London in
1683 by Thomas Parris, the founder of the family in this country^ and has
been fired every Fourth of July by some of his descendants since 1776. This
gun was carried in war for American Independence thru six campaigns and
several battles by Capt. Josiah Parris and has now been fired by his grand-
son, Hon. Edward L. Parris, in celebration of the great world victory for
democracy over autocracy.
Chief Justice Cornish, who marched at the head of the Augusta lawyers
in the parade Monday evening, said it was the second patriotic parade at
the close of a war in which he had marched. When on April 9, 1865, the
message came that Lee had surrendered, the people went wild with joy and
gratitude, mills, stores and schools were closed and all gave themselves up to
celebrating the event. Judge Cornish was a boy of ten going to school at the
old Waterville academy. The people of Waterville made quick plans for a
parade and all the scholars were a part of the procession.
Dr. Frederick G. Thayer has given to the Waterville Public Li-
brary his valuable medical library. The library includes many nota-
ble features. In medical historv and biography it is probably one
of the richest in the State, with the possible exception of the iil)rar}-
of the Maine Aledical school. It has a complete set in bound voltimes
of the Joitrnal of the ,\merican Medical Association since the or-
ganization of the association ; also The Boston Medical and Surgical
Journal sin:e 1S67. and the transactions of the Maine Medical
society since its origin in 1852. These periodicals give descriptive
records of the advance in surgical and medical practice for the last
fifty years. The best books on surgery, anatomy, internal medicine,
obstetrics, etc.. are here with many monographs on special diseases.
There are manv volumes on ptiblic health, sanitation, water supplv,
medical supervision of schools which will be of general interest.
This library will be kept in a special alcove and will be cataloged
separately, thus becoming readily available. The Waterville I'ub'ic
librarv now houses two special libraries, that of the Historical Soci-
etv. nnd the Medica' Librarv.
134 S PRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
Sayings of Subscribers
Mrs. Elizabeth K. Folsoni, Exeter, N. H. :
"I glory ill your determined effort to instill into the minds of Maine
people the value of Maine History.
The Journal's motto 'First teach the boy and girl to know and love
their own town, county and state and you have gone a long way towards
teaching them to know and love their country' should be hung on every
school-room wall."
LeRoy K. Knight, Lawyer, Augusta, Maine :
"The work you are doing is worth doing and you are doing it well.
These words are not perfunctorily said, but I use them with full sense of
their meaning :.nd with deep sincerity."
Hon. Arthur Chapin. Bangor, Me. :
"Your Journal is a valuable historical work. The sketch of the early
cays of Bangor in the last issue was worth much more than the price of the
entire volume."
Mrs. C. B. Porter. I'rominent in Maine D. A. R., Old Town:
We know all too little of the history of those who built so well for
us and you're doing great work to remind us of them. Mr. Flagg's Index
of Revolutionary Pensioners is of great value.
Hon. George C. Wing, Auburn, Maine :
Whether it is solely on account of the attractive manner in which the
articles in your magazine are written or whether it is because as I grow
older I am more and more interested in Maine history I cannot tell, but
your magazine is a very welcome visitor at my home and the enjoyment in
its perusal is shared by Mrs. Wing and is as much appreciated as by myself.
Hon. O. 15. Clason, (lardiner, Maine:
"The magazine is valuable to anyone who takes any interest in Maine
history. I could not well get along without it."
Hon. J. W. Manson, Pittsfield, Maine:
Your publication often contains a single article of personal interest which
i'- well worth the price for the year's subscription."
SAYINGS OF SUBSCRIBERS 135
Hon. Nicholas Fessenden, Judge of Probate, Fort Fairfield :
The Journal is a welcome visitor but I sometimes wonder what will
become of it when you shall (not soon I trust) have become one of the
shadows. Long may you and it live to continue a distinctly good and valu-
able thing.
Mr. A. W. Spaiilding, Caribou, Maine :
"I wish that I had to pay more so that the magazine could be published
each month instead of quarterly.'"
Albert M. Card, M. D., Head Tide, Maine :
"I am always glad to receive the Journal and read it with appreciation.
It is of much interest to me as a historical review of many important facts.
Your reviews are very valuable to the public."
Prof. Leland A. Ross, Supt. of Schools, Gardiner, Maine :
"I hope the Journal will not be discontinued even if subscription price
is doubled."
George A. Wheeler, M. D., Author of History of Castine, Maine :
"I appreciate fully the good work you are doing and enjoy reading the
Journal."
C. H. Bowden, Philadelphia :
"I certainly enjoy the little magazine very much and hope it is proving
a financial success."
George E. Corson, Washington, D. C. :
"When I fail to get from each number of your Journal of Alaine History
a quarter's worth of interesting information respecting the people or of the
places in my native State, I will discontinue my subscription, but not until
then. The more I learn of the history of Maine the prouder I am of the
fact that I was born and reared and received my early education within its
borders. Politically, intellectually and commercially, Maine is in the van-
guard of the States of our National Union.
E. W. Gould, Rockland. Maine :
the fact that you called my attention to Sprague's Journal
of Maine History^ has abundantly proven a source of periodical pleasure and
136 SI'KACUE'S JOURNAL OF A1AINI<: HiSTORV
fdunlain of valuahlc iiifnrmation, and should he read hy ever\- person inter-
ested in their family history and the early development of the State of Maine.
S. p. Crosby. St. Paul. Minn.:
"How are you? I hope this iinds you well physically and mentally, and
to doubt you are not well mentally is not right or sincere because I know
from the 'Journal' of which I read every word (each issue and the ads
also) you are all right."
Hon. Peter Charles Keegan, Maine's one and only "Peter Charles,"
Van Buren :
I forward subscription for the present year to your esteemed Journal.
1 know of no way one can expend the small sum requested for a year's
subscription, more satisfactorily and profitably than by investing it in your
most useful and interesting publicaton.
E. B. Mallet, Freeport :
I am gladly sendng this renewal of your valuable publication and I look
forward for the arrival of each number. I consider your Journal of great
importance, and must be a work of great value in time to come. You surely
are doing a great deal of good and your labors should be appreciated by
all as I know it is by many.
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CONTENTS
137
MAINE INLAND SCENERY
Moosehead Lake, Maine
Contributed by Hon. Leroy T. Carleton.
CONTENTS
PACE
Shaker Communities in Maine 139
Aroostook War V^okrnteers 147
Alphabetical Index of Revolutioiiary Soldiers in Maine. ... 153
Salmon. Shad and Alewive Fisheries in Olden Days 158
Revolutionary Graves. ^Madison and vicinity 161
Oxford County Gleanings 162
Augusta Social Event of 1854 166
Browsings in the Editor's Library 167
Sayings of Subscribers 173
Notes and Fragments 176
State Aid for Maine Historical Publications 179
52
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H-1
Sprague's Journal of Maine History
Vol. VI FEB^AR. ARRIL 1919 No. 4
Shaker Communities of Maine
By Charles E. Waterman
Having lived in the vicinity of the Shaker Communities of
Poland a^'nd New Gloucester for the greater part of my life, and,
having become interested, at an early age, in their singular religious
services, it cannot but be considered natural I should become curious
about their origin. . ^
The official name of this sect is The United Believers m Christ s
Second Appearing, the name Shakers having been applied to them
in derision because of the rhythmic movement of hands and arms
in parts of the ceremonial of their worship ; but, like many another
society, they accepted this term of aspersion and have made it one
of respect.
Although Shakerism is a strictly American religious sect, it had
its origin in England.
Ann Lee. the daughter of an English blacksmith, is generally
considered the founder. She was born February 29. 1736, in Man-
chester, and lived in the unromantic sounding thoroughfare of Toad
Lane. She is not given a pleasant disposition as a young woman,
having possessed a vio^.ent temper, strong will and a desire for
power intensified by hysteria.
But Ann Lee did not originate the religion credited to her. There
was a female John the Baptist in her case. It seems that during
Ann Lee's girlhood there was a woman living at Bolton-on-the-
Moors, in Lancashire. Jane Wardlaw by name, the wife of a tailor,
■who believed she had "received a call" to go forth and testify for
the truth." The burden of her message was that the end of all
things was at hand and that Christ was about to reappear taking
the form of a woman as prefigured in Psalms. Jane Wardlaw and
her husband belonged to the Society of Friends and that accounts
for the similarity of some of the Shaker tenants with that faith.
2
I40 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
Ann Lee became a convert to Jane Wardlaw's belief. She went
farther than her forerunner and proclaimed herself the reincar-
nated Christ, as preached by Jane Wardlaw.
She began to preach immediately in the streets of Manchester,
and, like many another soap-box preacher, came in contact with the
constituted authorities for obstructing the streets. She was sent to
Old Bailey Prison in Manchester. While in prison, she is said to
have received a vision directing her to proceed to America and lay
the foundation of Christ's Kingdom as represented by herself.
On recovering her liberty she, with seven converts, five males and
two females, set sail for New York. This was in 1775.
Like other religious sects. Shaker tenants grew and multiplied.
Environment and circumstance seem to have as much to do with
forming religious as secular organizations. Although the Shaker
leader has always been known as Ann Lee, yet in early life she
married a blacksmith, Abraham Stanley, and had four children,
all of whom died in childhood. He came to America with her, but
appeared to have no faith in her religion, and soon left her. It was
then that celibacy was introduced into her religion. Her teaching
was that man called into grace must live as the angels who neither
marry nor are given in marriage.
Finding New York City unfavorable to her designs, she moved
first to Albany and a little later into the wilderness to a place called
Niskenna, now known as Watervliet, and founded a settlement. It
was in the spring of 1780 that the first American converts joined
the society. A revival had been in progress in the region south of
Niskenna and several converts gained. Chief among them were
Joseph Meacham and Lucy \^■right. These followers established
a community at New Lebanon.
About this time Ann Lee and her religion received considerable
gratuitous advertising through a seemingly unfavorable incident
Owing to Quaker antecedents. Shakers were strong peace advocates.
They denounced the Revolutionary \\'ar, then in progress, refused
to do military service or take colonial oaths. These things, together
with the P>ritish origin of .\nn Lee and her principal followers, cast
susj)icion upon her and she was thrown into prison at Poughkeepsie
as a P>ritish spy. Before she was given her liberty, everybody in that
vicinity had heard of the female Christ and she gained a number of
adherents. These adherents were quite Andely scattered over the
country, special'y over New England, because of the manv soldiers
SHAKER COMMUXITIES OF AEAIXE 141
from this locality stationed in the Hudson valley. The germs of
Shakerism were thus carried to many remote hamlets.
In 1781, because of this wide scattering of followers, Ann Lee
undertook her tir^t and only missionary journey through the New
England states and some of the British provinces. She was accom-
panied by William Lee, her brother ; James Whittaker, chief exhort-
er; John Farrington, a Baptist elder; James Shepard, Samuel Fitch,
Mary Partington, Margaret Leland, Ebenezer Cooley, James Jewett
and perhaps others. She did not return to Watervliet until Septem-
ber, i/S^. As a result of this journey quite a number of converts
were secured in a number of remotely separated places and a nu-
cleus made in some of them for societies. It is not certain that Ann
Lee took in what is now the state of Maine in this journev, althousfh
"^..j*
Shaker Church at left and Central House at right. Poland, Maine
she came near her borders on the New Hampshire side, and it seems
certain she had sympathizers in some of the interior plantations.
Whether she visited the District of Maine or not, the communities
formed here were the result of this journey.
Her trip was not a progression strewn with flowers. While she
had sympathizers in a number of places, she met opposition and
experienced violence in some quarters.
In Harvard, Massachusetts, for example, the town voted to
prosecute them and chose a committee to act in the matter. As a
result Ann Lee and her followers were driven out of town bv the
militia. They returned later and were driven out bv a mob. After
a time they were allowed to settle on property owned bv some of
the members and form a communitv.
142 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
While Mother Ann was eloquent and persuasive in speech, some
of the actions of her followers, as described by eyewitnesses, were
grotesque and sometimes indecent, creating opposition. Thatcher,
in his Military Journal, says:
They pretend to be a religious sect, but are a disgrace to
religion and to human nature. They are called Shaking Quak-
ers, or Dancing Quakers; but have no affinity in principle or
character to the established order of Quakers. Their leader is a
woman, Ann Lee, niece of Gen. Lee in our army. She is called
"Mother Ann", and pretends to have received revelations from
heaven. The method they practice, under the idea of religious
worship, is so obviously impious as to exceed the bounds of
credibility. A spectator asserts that the fantastic contortions
of bodjr in which these pretended religious exercises consist bear
a semblance to supernatural impulse, and the extraordinary con-
duct of these infatuated people is a burlesque on all moral and
religious principles.
In 1784. Mother Ann died. On her death bed, she made over
'the headship of the society to Joseph Meacham and Lucy Wright.
(Some authorities claim John WHiitaker was chief elder for three
years after the death of Mother Ann ; also, it might be mentioned,
that dates of Mother Ann's death and her missionary journey vary
with different authorities.) They expanded the aims of the society.
It was under them that community of goods was introduced.
The death of Mother Ann was a shock and surprise to many of
her followers. It had been thought she could not die, but the new
heads explained to them, she was not dead, only withdrawn from
common sight. She was yet visable to eyes exalted by grace, and
so it would be with every saint who passed out of sight. They would
remain near and be in union with the visible body of believers.
The beginnings of Shakerism in ]\Iaine were all made during
Mother Ann's missionary tour or shortly after it. The first begin-
ning, in point of time, was made in Gorham. This is claimed by
■Hugh D. McLellan in his history of the town, to have been in about
the year 1780.
The missionary in this case was Henry Clough. He was accom-
panied by a female Shaker whose name has not come down in his-
tory to the present day. They came from Loudon, New Hampshire.
The couple stopped with the family of Samuel Brown, and the first
convert to the new faith was Barbara, wife of Sanmel Brown.
These missionaries were successful and organized quite a large
family. They did not seem to have created as much sensation in
SHAKER COMMUNITIES OF MAINE 143
Gorham as in some other places. This may have been due to actions
of returned Revolutionary soldiers who had come home with new
ideas about religion, gained, perhaps, from Mother Ann and her
followers. These men with their female friends would become
'greatly excited during exhortation, would stamp, shout, froth at the
mouth, and whirl around until they would fall to the ground in
exhaustion. These people were called "New Lighters.'' It was
during this reign of religious frenzy that the Shaker missionaries
•appeared and they gathered in most of the "New Lighters."
In about the year 1781 or 1782, according to Doctor Usher Par-
son's Centennial Address of the Town of Alfred, two irii'eranr
pewter spoon makers from the state of New York, named Ebenezer
Cooley and James Jewett, came to that part of Sanford whicbi is now
^Alfred, plying their trade and preaching Shakerisni. They claimed
to belong to Ann Lee's missionary party. It is probable they came
to Sanford because there were those living there who were favorable
'to their sect. Tradition has it that Peter and Simeon Coffin, two
of the three brothers, original settlers of what is now the town of
Alfred, felt favorably inclined toward the doctrine.
Converts were soon gained, a'though the cult was not considered
desirable or even moral by many of their neighbors. They were
tailed in derision "Merry Dancers."
The original converts in Alfred were Valentine Storer, Ebenezer
Buzzell, Thomas Buzzell, Charles Sargent, John Cotton, Daniel
Hibbard, and Benjamin Barnes, with their families. In 1793 the
■society was organized under the administration of John Barnes and
■Sarah Kendall. They founded a village on Shaker Hill near Massa-
<basic Pond. Originally they owned about one thousand acres of
land, but afterwards about eight hundred acres were exchanged
for lands in Michigan.
In November, 1783, Elisha Pote, Nathan Freeman and Enoch
Waite came to Poland from the community at Gorham in the
interest of Shakerism. Tradition has it these men were gifted
speakers and singers. They soon gained a number of adherents.
There is a tradition that missionaries from the New Lebanon com-
munity in New York, members of Mother Ann's partv preceded
these men and that they visited Buckfield where they made prose-
'lytes. Anyway, converts from that town joined the brothers and
'sisters in Poland and formed a comnninity on what was then known
as Shaker Hill, later Ricker Hill. This community did not live long.
In 1793 they exchanged some of their land with Jabez Ricker for
144 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
land in Alfred adjoining the community there. By this exchange
the present great spa of Poland Spring became possible.
Not all of the members of this new religion on Shaker Hill, how-
ever, moved to Alfred. One or two remained. One of these, Wil-
liam Allen by name, exchanged his land for other land near Sab-
bathday Lake in New Gloucester in the year 1793. Through his
influence, in this very year, a Shaker revival took place in his new
neighborhood, and was so successful that a family was established
in it the next year, w^hich prospered and has remained until the
present time. They secured about one thousand acres of land.
It might be mentioned here, that the families being of common
origin retained an interest in each other. Thev scarcelv became
View of Shaker Village, Poland, Maine
organized when the desire seized them to make a pilgrimage to Nis-
kenna, the home of Mother Ann. Members from the communities
of Gorham, Alfred and Poland hired a schooner (the Shark) of
Captain Greenfield Pote, of Portland and made the pilgrimage in
the fall of 1784, shortly before the death of Mother Ann. She
declared she had been made aware of their coming by a vision;
For some reason, the community at Gorham did not prosper. In
1819 they sold their land in that town. Some of the members went
to the comnumity at Alfred, others came to Poland, buving land on
the southern slope of Ricker Hill, where thev founded a new com-
SHAKER GO'MiMUNlTIES OF MAINE 145
munity, with Samuel Pote as elder. They prospered for a time,
accumulating a property assessed for $30,000 ; but in the course of
si?dty years the family had dwindled to such an extent that they
sold their estate. Some of the members migrated to Alfred, while
others joined he neighboring connnunity at Sabbathday Lake. It
will thus be seen that the original four communities have dwindled
to two.
During the years of community organization the declaration of
faith was being systematized by Joseph Meacham and Lucy Wright,
successors to Mother Ann. In brief their covenant is : —
That the Kingdom of Heaven has come and the personal rule of God is
restored : that Christ has reappeared in the person of Ann Lee : that
the old dispensation is ended and a new one begun : that Adam's sin has
been atoned, and man has been freed of all error except his own : that
the curse has been taken from labor : that believers going into grace die
to the world and enter a new life which is heaven, where there is no mar-
riage, and death but transfiguration.
Believing such a theology, the life they lead is made possible.
Being dead to the world they can have no interest in personal
property, neither in dress. There being no sexual intercourse,
family life is universal, hence the commimity.
They live largely from the soil, their farms and gardens being
noted for their beauty and productivity. Having neither husband,
wife or child, the afifection naturally destowed on these is lavished
on plant and animal. The curse of labor being removed it has be-
come a priestly duty. Living a community life they depend upon
themselves ; therefore in addition to agriculture they manufacture
the products of the soil and forest into useful articles. If there is
a surplus, it is sold to the world or exchanged for things not raised
or produced. Shakers have been so true to their religious principles,
so industrous and so moral that the prejudice against them has dis-
appeared and they are respected even if set apart from the rest of
the world.
Being dead to the world and spirits, they antedated Mrs. Marv
Baker Eddy in banishing the doctor and administering no drugs.
The health of Shakers has been proverbial.
Joseph Meacham died in 1796, when Lucy Wright became sole
head, governing the united societies for twcntv-five vears.
Shakerism gained great impetus during the c'osing vears of the
Revolution, and its prosperity continued for about a centiu-y. Since
then they have declined. In 1870. when at tlie hioht of prosperitv
146 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
the united communities numbered about 9,000 souls, including
eighteen comnumities, three of which were located in New York,
four in Massachusetts, two in New Hampshire, two in Maine, one
in Connecticut, four in Ohio and two in Kentucky.
Hie two comnumities in Maine have shared in the prosperity and
decline of the United Communities. There being no children born
in the communities, adoptions were the rule for continuance and
increase. Any one was free to enter the comnumities as a proba-
tioner and as free to depart. H one became a covenanter, he cast
his property and lot within the community. For a time adoptions
and probationers kept up the membership, but of late their numbers
have fallen off.
Their quaintness of appearance through singularity of dress,
their simplicity of life, and the rhythmic motion of their religious
ceremonies have attracted attention to Shakers in every conununity
in w'hich they reside ; and this attraction has found voice in some,
of the best literature of the land. To say nothing of professional
"Shakers and Shakerism,'' issued in 1884 bv Giles B. Averv, v.'e
have that classic by William Dean Howels, "The Undiscovered
Country'' ; also the humerous side of Shaker life as seen by Charles
Farrar Brown, better known as Artemus Ward, who worked sev-
eral years on a newspaper in Norway, a village only a few miles
distant from Poland, and, who, no doubt visited the community
then. One of the best of Nathaniel Hawthorne's Twice Told Tales
is the .Shaker Bridal, no doubt suggested by the Poland and Sab-
bathday Lake comnumities. for this literary genius, during his bov-
hood, lived in Ravmond onlv a few miles distant from them.
By the Honorable Major General Knox Commanding- tlie
American Forces on Hudson River.
These may certify, that Philip Bohon, Soldier in the Third Arassacluisetts
Regiment l)einw enlisted for three years, is hereby honin-abjy discliarsed from
the Service of the United States.
Given in the State of Xew York tliis twenty
third day of December 1783
(Signed) H. KNOX M. GEN.
(From Doruments relating to claims of Ki volutioiiary Soldiers to boiuity I, nils in ^rainp,
in the Land Office at Augusta.)
AROOSTOOK WAR \OLUNTEERS
147
Aroostook War Volunteers
A part of the soldiers in the Aroostook War were drafted by
Governor Fairfield from the State Militia. There were, however,
others who were volunteers, mostly from the counties of Penob-
scot, Kennebec, Oxford, Somerset and Piscataquis. These volun-
teers were paid off by the Land Agent. The only record of them
was the pay rolls which were formerly preserved in the Land Of-
fice. The late Major Charles J. House in 1904 published a roster
of the ofBcers and privates in the drafted contingent. Some ten
years ago it was discovered that these pay rolls were lost. Major
House and others made careful search in the State House to dis-
cover them, but without avail. Recently the writer was engaged in
examining some papers in the Land Ofitice, relating to the Revolu-
tionary soldiers who received land bounties in Maine, and acci-
dentally came across a box that contained reports of the captains
of some of these Aroostook War volunteer companies. We have
caused copies of these valuable documents to be made as follows:
The following contains a list of names of men who served as
volunteers in Capt. Nymphas Turner's company under the Land
Agent in the State of Maine on the Aroostook and vicinity, together
with the time of service of each man and the amount due him from
the State at $18.00 per month, from the 24th day of April. 1839,
to the time thev left the service of the State:
Hiram Decker
Benjamin Stinchhelcl
Ensign Stinchfield
Grafton N. Frost
Joseph P. Hill
Jeremiah Boobar
Ezekiel Knowles
Jesse Livermore
James Currier
Sedate B. Mejervy
y allies
Joseph Going
Joseph Jaqueth
William H. Rankin
Chandler Hall
Abner Heath
A. G. Johnson
Joseph Freeman
Charles Jaqueth
Amme S. Carver
Henrv K. Palmer
Names
Greenleaf Smith
Daniel Stinchfield
Abel S. Boobar
Isley Osborn
J. F. Lindsey
Thomas Eaton
Sharon Cross
Robert Douglass
William Stinchfield
148 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
Report of Capt. Douty's company, February 24, 1839.
N nines
Thomas H. Stubbs
Elias Courser
William K. Steadman
Calvin Coulton
Charles M. Merrill
Anthony Bessy
Alonzo C Hearsay
Nath'l S. Staples
Moses Badger
A^ames
Jacob Burrill
Alanson Roberts
lliomas J. Mason
Richard Fox
Edward Fox
Daniel Labree
Abraham D. Young
Jonathan Carter
Alvin Phdps
A'anies
Charles Robinson
William Hussey
James W. W. Howe
Benjamin Hathorn
Isaac Monroe
John Hobin
Samuel T. Nickerson
Elijah Earl
Ebenezer Lord
Report of Capt. Thomas Emery's company, February 25, 1839.
Names
Thomas Emery
Sylvanus M. Corison
Wm. S. Booker
Robert Moore
Wm. G. Lowe
Eben Edgerley
Cyrus Adams
John T. Bragdon
Edward Doane
Levi Baker
John Clark
Oliver Goss
N allies
John Cary
Samuel Cary
Henry Snow
Benj. Adams
Nathan Hotton
J. C. Wing
Joseph C. Wade
Lewis Young
Benjamin H. Young
Ezekiel Morse
Gilbert Young
Nantes
Isaac Kuowles
Lendall Myreck
Amos Morrill
Danid Lowe
Philip Randall
Benjamin Marsh
Ephraim Quinn
Almon E. Osgood
Simon Mudgett
Albion P. Wilson
Jonathan Powers
Capt. Thompson's report of his company, Feb'y 25th, '39.
Names
Henry VV. Cunningham
Daniel Billings
Caleb O. Billings
William S. Dyer
Marias Stevens
Orlando Roberts
Charles Pray, Jr.
Edward Stevens
Names
John Bachelder
Nathan Mathews
Albert Smart
George H. Cables
Henry W. Curtis
James Conary
Thomas Knowlton
Leander Mathews
N^ allies
Thomas Record
Chase Colcut
Dan'l J. Fames
Oliver Jackson
James Mussure
Wm. Young
Wm. Black
Cvrus Clark
AROOSTOOK WAR VOLUNTEERS
149
Names
Geo. Patterson
Jas. Batchelder
David Houston
Jacob B. Mussure
Amaziah Curtis
Phinneas Curtis
Moses Curtis
John C. Woodman
Lorenzo Grant
Phil'brook Abbot
Smith B. Freemen
Henry B. Smith
Moses Grant
Warren Weston
Geo. Trafton
David Beals
Geo. Parker
Wm. H. Knowlton
Wm. Murch
Names
Benj. Eames
John W. Knowlton
Aaron Knowlton
Arch. Sanborn
Saml. Thompson
Luther Joslin
Elisha Grant
Geo. Thombs
Elijah Low
Francis Worth
David Low
Bisley Low
Edward Bemis
Levi Douglass
Josiali Davis
Jesse Black
John Somes
Orin Nelson
Names
Hasen B. Ndson
Sam'l Watters
Sam'l Spiller
Sam'l Linnells
Gilbert Brown
Pilsbury Bailey
Geo. Watters
Dan'l Rowe
Wm. Thompson
Wm. Knowlton
Jonathan Nickerson
Joseph Bolton
Lemuel Curtis
John Mills
Joshua Smart
Alfred Smith
Joseph Davis
Gardner Black
Report of Capt. Porter's Company. Feb. 24, '39.
Names Names Names
Capt. J. Porter
Soloman Ham
James H. Emery
Hamilton Colcord
Daniel Lord
Luther Scott
Addison P. Shirly
Noah Traf*:on
John A. Smith
Melvin Curtis
David L. Buzzell
Benjamin Drew
Oliver Lane
Charles Cochrane
John L. Morgan
Charles Ellis
Levi Applebee
Jeremiah Folsom
Samuel Webb
Tobias Wilbur
Darius Hodgdon
Jonathan Fogg
Woodbury Gordon
John Page
Richard Fox
Dean Page
Jeremiah Page
Samuel Morey
Alfred Miller
Jonathan Page
William Allen
Report of Capt.
Naines
Capt.
Lieut. Cross
G. W. Wingate
Gilman Quimby
Joseph Morrill
Company, Feb'y 24, '39.
Names Names
Thomas Joy
Horace S. Parlin
Charles McLuer
Orrin Cross
Leonard Delaitre
M. D. Delaitre
Jeremiah Cross
Charles F. Hollan
Charles White
I50 SPRAGUE^S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
The following note appears upon this report :
Headquarters Aroostook,
Feb. 24th, 1839.
Capt. will please make out this report and have ready
for examination by the commander. Col. Jarvis. Feb. 24th. 1839.
Per order
B. WIGGIN, JR.
Aid.
Report of Capt. Dunning's Company, Feb'y 24th. 1839.
Names Names Names
Capt. C. T. Dunning
Lieut. J. Page
D. C. Brown, Ensign
Amasa Holden
Samuel W. Drew
Wm. B. Merrill
Smith Dority
J. H. Milliken
Sherburn Tilton
Jason Shurbern
Wm. Dolliff
Calvin Millet
Philip Snow
Samuel V. Millet
Jeremiah Bean
Holmes D. Coy
Isaiah H. Hunting
Simon Stone
Ebenezer P. Tapley
John D. Coy
Wm. Keezer
Amos T. Either
Hazen Tilton
Duston Page
Adrial Gray
Brien W. Libby
Report of Capt. Towle's Company, Feb'y 24th, 1839.
Names Names Names
Capt. Towle
Lieut. Chase
Lieut. Heald
Jonathan Annis
Samuel Bailey
G. W. Buzzell
Philip Blake
D. P. Chase
S. S. Chase
P. M. Chase
W. M. Campbdll
Job Carpenter
B. B. Crandlemire
Albion Carpenter
Joe Carpenter, Jr.
A. A. Tolman
Wm. Cunningham
Aldin Dole
Gideon Dearing
Albert Dilano
Joshua Dow
Joe Elkins
Mark Ellis
Andrew M. Eaton
Joseph Fox
J. C. Grant
Solon Gates
Joe P. Guptil
A, F. Hammond
Joseph Harding
Joe Hook
David Harvey
Geo. E. Inman
Joe M. Jewell
Oliver H. Jewell
Charles Jordan
Isaac McKenney
Isaac Leach
Moses M. Lane
Leander G. Merrill
Isaac Mallett
Wm. Mallett
John Mallett
Levi Moore
Benj. Norton
George Pishon
AROOSTOOK WAR VOLUNTEBRjS
151
Hastings Strickland, Esq.
Mil ford, Feb'y 19th, 1839.
Sir:
The Kenebeck State volunteers commanaed by Capt. John Ford
arrived here at half past four P. M. and Encamped at the Hotel
kept by Charles Bailey in Milford.
Annexed is a true and correct list of Officers and Members :
John Ford, Capt.
The following officers were appointed by the Capt.
Names Names Names
Abner True. Lieut.
Ensign
Wallace McKenney.
Sergeants
Wm. Garrison
George Bennett
Franklin Foster
Nathan Moore
Corporals
Daniel Bennett
Daniel L Littlefield
Levi Dunham
George W. Snow
Darius Place
Jessy Weeks
Calvin Honey
Wm. Tarbell
Samueil Judkins
Wm. Dav
James Savage
Hiram Marriner
John Bolton
Charles Browning
T. E. Church
Wellington Church
Russell B. Campbell
Wm. Smith
Wm. Kennedy
Wm. K. Bolton
James B. Perkins
Isaiah Emery
Winthrop Cottle
Daniel S. Larrabee
Frederick Pishon
Charles Hill
Daniel Chadwick
Wm. W. Orrak
Horace Smith
Wm. H Grossman
Clark Smith
Charles Stilkey
Henry M. Blount
Samuel Hutchins
J. D. Garrison
T. A. Springer, Jr.
Samuel Cunningham
Edward Peters
John Leman
Alonzo D. Crawford
Daniel Kenney
Francis O. Becket
Ichabod Gray
Samuel Sherburn
Wm. Collemy
Benj. Britt
Francis Nichols
John Lord
Wm. H. Smith
John Hurd
HENRY GREEN, Clerk.
A copy of Charles Bailey's Bill
122 Meals at 1/6
61 Lodgings
6 Horse keeping 1/6
3 Bushels Garin 5/
A true copy.
$30.50
5-31
1.50
2.50
HENRY GREEN, Clerk.
152 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
Report of Capt. Chamberlain's Company Feb'y 24, '39.
Names Names Names
Capt. Chamberlain
Lieut. S. A. Burr
W. A. G. Johnson
Jesse Dyer, Jr.
Amos Fish
G. E. Collins
W. C. Sibley
E. G. Stackpole
I. D French
Aaron French
Wm. Longley
N. L. Hooper
Francis Bunker
R. S. Cousins
Geo. Brown
Sylvester Gray
A. S. Phillips
Wm. Robinson
Stephen Hopkinson
Richard Beedle
Daniel S. Ham
Moses Roberts
J. C. Camber
Harry Reed
W. A. Rowe
Geo. B. Breton
Harry W. Littb
THERE ARE NO BROOKS.
There are no brooks in city streets,
There are no brooks that babble by —
Only dry gulches, narrow, high.
Into whose deepest crevice beats
The searching summer of the sky.
The lure is not the lure of grass
That brings the weary pilgrim here;
The dirty pavements breathing gas,
The treeless plots and alleys drear
Call not the mortal and the mass.
It is the gilded call of gold
That calls us far from better things.
That calls us from the paths of old,
The red of rose, the whir of wings —
For this the very soul is sold.
My boy, when your own heart repeats
That call, and yearns, and almost yields.
Remember, while with joy it beats
In gazing o'er your father's fields,
There are no brooks in citv streets.
— Douglas Mallocli, in the American Lunibennan.
REVOLUTIONARY PENSIONERS IN MAINE 153
An Alphabetical Index of Revolu-
tionary Pensioners Living
in Maine
(Compiled by Charles A. Flagg, Librarian Bangor CMatne)
Public Library.)
(Continued from page 125, Vol. 6.)
List.
Name.
Service.
Rank.
Age
County.
Reniaiks.
'35c
Dacy, John
Mass. line
Private. . . .
75
Cumberland .
('20)d. July 4,1830
'40
94
Res. Poland.
('20), ('29 & '31 b.
'35c
Daggett, "Tristram. .
Mass. line
Private ....
76
Somerset. . . .
Tristam.)
'35e
Daggett, Tristram. .
Mass. hne, 7th
'40
80
Res. Industry.
'35d
Dailly, Nezer
Mass. mil
Private ....
72
Washington.
^35d
Dain, John
Mass. line
Sergeant . .
81
Lincoln
('20).
'35c
Dakin, Thomas. . . .
Mass. line
Private. . . .
71
Washington .
('20) d. Jan. £9,
1828.
'40
85
Res Starks See
also Delano.
•35c
Dalliver, Peter
Mass. line
Private. . . .
73
Hancock ....
d. Apr. 4, 1828,
Same as Dolliver?
•35d
Damans, Abiah. . . .
Mass. state. . . .
Pvt. of art.
73
Was'iington.
See also Demons.
'35d
Dame, Jonathan . . .
Mass. mil
Pvt.&Coip.
83
York.
'35c
Dana, Luther
Cont. navy. . . .
Midsh'p'n.
09
Cumberland .
d. Feb. 19, 1832.
'35c
Danforth, Abner. .
Mass. line
Private. . . .
74
Lincoln
('20).
'40
75
Res Litchfield
'35d
Davenport, Ephraini
Mass. mil
Private. . . .
72
Oxford.
'35d
Davenport, Thomas
Mass. mil
Private. . . .
70
Kennebec . . .
'35c
Davidson, Alexander
Mass. line
Private. . . .
SO
Lincoln
('20).
'35d
Davis, Aaron
Mass. line
Private. . . .
74
Oxford
('31b.)
'35d
Davis, Aaron
Mass. line
Private
72
Lincoln.
'40
Davis, Aaron
79
'35d
Davis, Allen
Mass. line
Private. . . .
78
Cumberland
(•20).
'35c
Davis, Benjamin . . .
Mass. line
Private. . . .
Waldo
Transf. from Es-
sex Co., Mass.,
Ma-. 4, 1826.
'35d
Davis, Cyrus
Mass. mil
Pvt. & Serg
83
Waldo.
'35d
Davis, David
Mass. line
Private. . . .
75
Somerset.
'20
Davis, Ezra
R. I
Private
'35c
Davis, Ezra
Mass. line
Private. . . .
71
Kennebec . .
d. Sept. 9, 1826.
'40
Davis, Gashum. . . .
81
Oxford
Res. Buckfield.
Same as following?
'35d
Davis, G?ra'-am
Mass. mil
Private. . . .
75
Oxford.
'35c
Davis, Isaac
Mass. line
Private. . . .
77
Cumberland .
('20).
'40
8''
'35d
Davis, Jesse
N. H.line
Private. . . .
70
Hancock.
'20
Davis, John
R. I
Private. . . .
'35d
Davis, John
/ Mass. line . .
Private. . . .
\ l\'ias^ mil . .
Drummer. .
78
Kennebec . . .
('20).
'35c
Davis, John. .......
Mass. line
INIusician . .
78
Washington. .
'35c
Davis, Joshua
Mass. line
Private. . . .
76
Oxford
('20).
'40
81
Oxford
'35d
Davis, Josiah
Mass. mil
Private. . . .
84
York.
'40
90
S3
York
Lincoln
'35c
Davis, Michael
Mass. line
Private
('20) d. Feb. 11,
182".
'35c
Davis, Michael
Mass. line
Private. . . .
74
Kennebec . . .
("20 as Micah) d.
Jan. 7, 1822.
'20
Davis, Moses
N. H
Private.
'35c
Davis, Moses
Mass. line
Private. . . .
61
Kennebec . . .
d. Mar. 6, 1822.
'35c
Davis, Nicholas. . . .
Mass. line
Private. . . .
79
York
('20) d. Jan. 14,
1832.
154 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
List.
Namr.
Service.
Rar,k.
Age.
County.
Remarks.
'35d
Davis, Philip
Mass. line
Pvt. &Pvt.
of art . . .
76
Kennebec . .
('20).
'40
W
Kennebec.
Res. Fayette.
'35d
Davis, Robert
Mass. «tate. . . .
Private. . . .
74
York.
'35c
Davis, Samuel
N. H. line
Lieut ;'nar:'
83
Kennebec . .
(•20), ('28) ('31b)
d. Mar. 6, 1826.
'35d
Davis, Samuel
Mass. line
Private. . . .
78 or
72
Cumberland .
('20).
'40
78
73
Cumberland .
Kennebec . .
'35c
Davis, Sanford
Mass. line
Private. . . .
('20 as Sandford).
'35c
Davis, Thomas, 2d .
CoTit.navy . . . .
Seaman . . .
76
Hancock. . . .
(•20, ship "Ran-
ger") d. Feb. 20,
1831.
'35d
Davis, Thomas, 1st.
Mass. line
Private. . . .
74 or
75
York
(•20, also '35c)
'35c
Davis, William, 4th.
N. Y. line
Private. . . .
89
Somerset.
'35c
Davis, William, 2d .
Mass.l ine
Private. . . .
79
Lincoln
('20).
'40
Davis, William
S3
Wal'o
•35c
Davis, William
Mass. line
Corporal . .
72
Oxford
('20) d. Nov. 18,
1823.
'35c
Davis, William, 3d .
Mass. line
Private. . . .
7]
Penobscot. . ,
(•20).
'40
Davis, William . . .
78
79
Penobscot. .
Cumberland .
'35d
Davis, Zebu Ion
Mass. mil
Drummer .
'35d
Day, Abraham
Mass. mil
Private. . . .
71
Lincoln .
'40,
77
Res. Phipsburg.
'403
'35c
Day, Mehitahle . .
87
79
York
York
Day, Nathaniel, 2d.
Mass. line
Private. . . .
('20).
'35c
Day, Nathaniel. . . .
Mass. line
Private. . . .
71
Oxford
('20). ,
.40
77
Res. Lovpll.
'40]
Deab, George
89 Lincoln
Res. WalJoboro.
'35c
Deal , George
Sheldon's
Private
79 Waldo
('20, from Conn.)
dragoons.
Same as pre-
ceding'/
'35d
Dean, Abraham. . . .
Mass. g tate. . . .
Pvt.& Serg.
72
Oxford.
'40
80
74
Somerset ....
Oxford
'35d
Dean, Edniond
Mass.l ine
Private. . . .
('20, as Edmund).
'40
81
77
Oxford
Washington.
'35d
Dean, Gideon
Mass. mil
Private
'40
80 ■U^n^liinirfr.Ti
•35d
Dean, John
Mass. line
Pvt. » Corp.
& Matross
73
Waldo.
'40
81 Waldo
Res. Palermo.
'29
Dearborn, Henry. . .
N. H
Capt.of Art
& L't Col.
'35e
N. H.line
Lieut. Col.
—
Kennebec . . .
d. June 6, 1828.
'35d
Dearborn, Levi
Mass. line
Pvt.&Coip.
86
Kennebec. . .
'40
77
Res. Greene.
'i5c
Dearhourn, Simeon,
N. H. line
Private. . . .
73 Kennebec . . .
('20 as Dearborn,
J'.
Simeon, Jr.)
Prob. same as
preceding.
'35d
DeBasse, Joshua. . .
Mass. state. . . .
Pvt.& Mus
76
Oxford.
'35c
Decker, Thomas. . . .
Mass. line
Private. . . .
72
Lincoln
Same as Dicker.
'35c
Decker, Thomas. . . .
Mass. line
Private. . . .
68
Lincoln.
'40
86
Res. Boothbay.
'35d
Decker, William. . . .
Mass. line
Private. . . .
88 Lincoln.
'35c
Dedston, Benjamin.
Mass. line
Private. . . .
74
Somerset ....
Same as Didston?
'35o
Delaney, Nathan. . .
Mass. line
Private. . . .
62
Kennebec . . .
d. Mar. 5, 1827.
Same as Delay?
'35c
Delano, Alpheus. . . .
Delano, Amasa, see
Dilano.
Mass. line
Private. . . .
90
Lincoln
(•20).
'35d
Delano, Aniaziah. . .
Mass. mil
Private. . . .
75
Kennebec.
'35c
Delano, Jabez
Mass. line
Private. . . .
75
Oxford
('20).
'40
Delano, Jonathan . .
79
75
Oxford
Lincoln
Res. Livermore.
'35c
Mass. line
Private. . . .
('20).
'40
88
Lincoln
Res. Warren.
1794
Delano, Seth
10th Mass. regt.
Sergeant . .
Res. Winthrop.
Enl.8 Jan.,1777
wounded at Tar-
rytown, 1779.
'35d
Delano, Setli
Mass. line
Sergeant . .
82
Somerset ....
('20). See also
Dalino.
'31a
Private. . . .
—
Rejected as serv-
ing only 6 mos.
'20
Delay, Nathan
Same as Delaney?
REVOLUTIONARY PKXSTONERS IN MAINE i55
List.
Name.
Rank. Age. County.
Remarks.
'35d
'35d
'20
•35d
'35d
'35d
'40
'35d
'35c
'35d
'40
'35c
'20
'20
'35c
'40
'20
'40
'35c
'35d
•40
'35d
'40
'35d
•40
'40
•35c
'35c
'40
'35d
'40
'40
'35c
'35c
'35c
•40
•35c
'35c
'40
■35c
'40
'35c
'35c
'40
'35c
'35c
Delesdernier, Lewis Mass. state.
Demons, Gamaliel.
Dennet, Ebenezer .
Dennett, Ebenezer
Alass. line. .
N. H
I Mass. line
mil.
I Mass. mil. . .
Mass. line. .
Dennett, Joseph.
Dennison, David.
Dennison, Robert . .iMass. line liZl\l-
Deshon, James Mass. line jPnyate.
Des" on, Moses Mahs.
Lieutenant
Private. . . .
Private.
Private . . . .
Private. . .
Private . . .
82
Washington
Washington.
Kennebec.
lil Private.
72
79 York
74 Cumberland
79|Cuniberland
SSiKennebec.
72 York. '
71 York.
76 York
Mass. line.
Mass
|R. I
I Mass. line .
Dexter, Thomas. . .
Dicker, Thomas. . .
Dickev, Eleazer. . .
Dickey, Eleazer. . .
Dickey, Eleazer B.
Didston, Benjamin .Mass.
Dilano, Amasa k ; ' ' ' i-
Dillingham, John.. .IMass. hne.
Ensign
Private .
Private.
Private .
Private.
85 Washington.
('31aV
See also Damans.
(•20) (•31b).
('20).
Res. Freeport.
I Res. Waterbo-
rough.
('20, '28).
Same as Decker.
76|Waldo.
80 Waldo.
Private.
DUUniham; John! : .Mass. mil jPrivate.
I Dillingham, Lemuel.jCont. navy jSeaman .
Di^"ir^Levi Mass.line: '. '. . .iPrivate.
g£^?^.-.::;::|Mass.iine:;:::,serge^^^
iDoane, Amos |Mass. line Private. .
JDoane, Oliver |Mass. stat
Iprivate &|
I Seaman
Dcbb'n, James.
Dobbins, James
S. C. line Private.
Do5d;'Stephen iMass. line ^^|.^^*^nV
n^A„^ AViiipr ... Mass. line bergeant
Dodge, Abner |Mass
\ Dodge. Belsey. . ■
Dodge, Nicholas
N. H. line.
Dodge, Paul ! Mass. line .
Private .
Lieutenant I
Private .
Doe, Henry ;;■ " ' 'v ' '
Doe, James Mass.line.
Doe, Olive 1 • ■ : ■ • •
Doe, Sampson Mass. line .
Doe, Simon Mass. line IPrivate.
Private.
'40
'35c
'35c
'20
'40
'35d
'40
'35c
'35c
'35d
'35c
'35c
'40
'35d
'40
'35c
'35d
'35c
'40
Dolbear, Benjamin . Mass. line ll'V'^.l-
Dole, Amos Mass. line Private.
Dole, M atilda .
Dole, Richard.
Mass. line .
Dolliff , Noah
Dolliver, Peter .
Dolloff, Richard.
Doloff, Ricliard.
Doniiell, Abigail .
Donnell, Jotham .
Donnell, Obadiah
N.H.line.
Mass . . . ■
Corpornl .
Private . .
Private . .
N. H. state.
Dorman, Israel.
Dorman, John .
Mass. line. .
Cont. navy .
Mass. line
Mass. line .
82 Cumberland
— [Cumberland
7i:Cumberland
77 1 Cumberland
76 Waldo.
82 Waldo
78 Cumberland.
84 Cumberland ,
90 Penobscot .
83 Kennebec . . .
76 Penobscot .
82 1 Penobscot . .
80 Penobscot.
85 Penobscot .
88 Cumberland
80 Cumberland
74 1 Lincoln. . . .
77|Cumberland
75 Waldo
751 Kennebec . .
65 Lincoln. . . ■
73 1 Kennebec . .
82 Waldo.
87i Waldo
761 Kennebec .
— Somerset . .
81 Somerset . .
63 Somerset . .
76 Penobscot .
' 75 Penobscot
87' '
Oxford
Waldo.
Private.
Dorr, William Mass. line .
Sergeant.
Marine. .
Private.
Private.
Private .
85 Oxford .
79 1 Oxford.
79 York..
70 York..
69 York..
York.
York.
Doten, Samuel Mass. navy.
I Doty, John
i Doughty, Benjamin,
Doughty, Ichabod..
Mass. line.
Mass. line .
Mass. line.
Mariner.
Res. Monroe.
Same as Dedston?
Res. Gray.
d. July 1, 1819.
(•20).
Res. Minot.
Res. Belfast.
Res. Harpswell.
Res. Bangor.
(■20).
(•20).
Res. Hampden.
Res. Orrington.
'Res. Falmouth.
1('20).
('20, '31b).
,|('20)d Jan.2S,1833
Res. Burnham.
('20)d. Dec. 10,
1827.
. ('20) ('31b a s
Dodgei).
. Res. Augusta.
IRes. Burnham.
('20) d. Dec. 2o,
1828.
■('20).
.IRes. Fairfield.
■lC20)d. July 20,
1832.
iRes. Orrington.
.i('20) d. Dec. 4,
1824.
. .Same as Dalliver?
. . Res. Rumford.
.'Same as preceding
Res. York, bee
also Dunnell.
. ('20, •31b).
('20, ship "Ran-
ger"). ('31b).
. ('20, '31 b).
('20) d. July 26,
1827.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Kennebec.
Kennebec .
Cumberland .
,.., Cumberland .
65 1 Cumberland .
92 Cumberland
80 Cumberland .
86iCumberland .
Res. .\ugvista.
Res N. Yarmouth
(•20')d.Oct. 5,1827.
d. Apr. 12, 1833.
(•20). .
Res. Brunswick.
156 Sl'RAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORA
Name.
Seivice.
Rank.
Age
Countj .
Remarks.
Doughty, James.
Doughty, James.
Doughty, James.
Doughty, John
Doughty, Jo.seph . . .
Doughty, Nathaniel
Douglass, Elisha
Douglass, John. .•
Dow, Henry.
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
See Doty .
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line .
Mass. line.
Private.
Private.
Private.
Private.
69
Private.
Private.
Private.
Dowlf; Ellis Mass. line i Private.
Downe, Mary H . .
Downing, John Mass. line.
Downing, John
Downing, Samuel . .Mass. line jPrivate.
Downs, Aaron .
Downs, Paul. .
Doyen, Jacob.
Cumberland
Cumberland
Lincoln ....
Cumberland
Cumberland
71 Waldo.
7.3 Oxford,
so! Oxford.
83 Lincoln .
'35c Dovle, James . .
'35d Doyle, Michael.
'31a Doyne, Samuel.
Drake, Ebenezer .
Drake, John . .
Drake, Oliver.
Dresser, Aaron,
Dresser, Elijah.
Dresser, Joseph .
Dresser, Levi . .
Dresser, Richrrd .
Drew, J erusha. . .
Drown, Moses . .
Drown, Stephen.
Dudley, Nathan.
Dudley, Nathan,
Dummer, Jeremiah .
Dummer, Richard.
Dun, Joshua
Mass. mil.
N. H. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. mil.
Mass. line .
Mass. mil.
Mass. line .
Mass. state.
Mass. line. .
Mass. nul. . .
Mass. state.
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. mil.
Mass. mil.
Dunbar, David.
Dunbar, David.
Dunbar, Elijah.
Dunbar, Jacob. . . .
Dunbar, Jacob. . . ,
Dun liar, Obed . . , .
Dunfee, Cornelius .
Dun I'iuii, Anuni . ,
Dun 1 ; ir, Aniini, ,
Dun 1 ; n , Moses .
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Mass. mil.
Mass. mil.
Dniilnp, Dorcrs
Dunlap, Janus .
Dunlap, James.
Dunlap, .John . .
Mass. mil.
Mass. line .
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Dunn, Christopher
Mass. line.
. , , »
Mass. line.
Mass. line.
Private.
Private.
Private .
Corpora
Private.
Private.
Private. . .
Private. . .
Private.
Private.
82!Lincoln. ...
68 Penobscot. .
71 Hancock ...
74 Cumberland
69 Cumberland
75, Cumberland
79 York
77 York.
70 Somerset. . . .
81 i Penobscot . . ,
73 1 Kennebec.
Private. . . .
Pvt.&Coip.
Private.
Private. . . .
Private. . . .
Private. . . .
Pvt. & Pvt.
of art.. . .
Private. . . .
Private. . . .
74
76
67
76
81
83
89
86
72
79
76
81
83
79
75
76
74 or
7e
70
77
81
Private.
Private. .
Private. . . . ' 77
83
79
85
93
98
Private 90
Private 92
Private.... 70
Oxford .
Oxford.
Kennebec . . .
Cumberland
Cumberland.,
Oxford.
Oxford
Cumberland
Oxford.
Oxford
York
York
Oxford
York
York
Cumberland
Oxford
Kennebec.
Kennebec .
Oxford . .. .
Private.
Private.... 77
84
76
Private....! 82
; 88
Private. ... I 64
Private.
74
Hancock. . .
Hancock. . .
Hancock. . .
Lincoln.
Lincoln ....
Oxford.
Washington
Washington.
Kennebec . .
Cunilierland
Lincoln ...
Oxford
Oxford
Lincoln . .
Kennebec
Lincoln , .
Kennebec
('20, '31b) (35c as
James, 2d.
Res. Harpswell.
('20)d. Jan. 30,
1820.
('20). Also given
Doty.
Res, Burnham.
('20).
Res. Denmark.
Transferred from
HillsboroCo.,N.
H., 1824. d.
June 9, 1828.
('20).
Res. Bangor.
('20).
Res. Minot.
('20).
Res. Minot.
Res. Berwick.
('20) d. April 13,
1830.
('20).
Claim rejected as
he did not serve
9 mos. in Cont.
army.
('20) o. Dec. 14,
1829.
('20) d. March 3,
1828.
Rci. Dp.nv'lle.
Res. Turner.
Res. Lovell.
('20).
Res. Buxton.
Res. Buckfield.
('20) d. 1825.
('20).
(•20).
d. Sept. 2, 1832,
Res. Andover, No.
Surplus same as
Dunn, J.?
('20).
Same as preceding
Res. Penobscot.
Ties. Nobleboro'.
Res. Pembroke.
('20).
(■20).
Res. Jefferson.
('20).
Res. Hartford.
Res. Topsham.
(•20).
Res. Litchfield.
(•20) d. Oct. 25,
1818.
('20).
RE\^OLUTIOXARY PEXSIOXERS IX MAIXR
0/
List.
Name.
Service.
RaTik.
A.ge.
County
Remarks.
'35c
Dunn, Joshua
Mass. line
Private. . . .
j
73 Cumberland .
Same as Dun, J.?
'35a
Dunnells, John
Private. . . .
— York
See also Donnell.
'31a
Dunnells, Oliver. . . .
Private. . . .
Claim rejected as-
regt. was not on
Cont. establish-
ment.
•35tl
Dunning, John
Mass. mil
Pvt. & Serg
81
Cumberland .
•20
Durell, Benjamin. . .
Mass
Private. . . .
—
Same as Durrill?
'35c
Durell, Peter
Mass. line
Private. . . .
65
Oxford
(•20)d. July 24,
1823.
'35d
Durgen, John
Mass. line
Private. . . .
84
York.
'35c
Durow, Willfam. . . .
Mass. line
Private. . . .
77
Lincoln
('20 as Duron) d.
Oct. 21, 1832.
'35d
Durrell, David
Mass. =tate. . . .
Serg
87
York
d. May 9, 1833.
'35c
Durrill, Benjamin . .
Mass. line
Private. . . .
92
Kennebec . . .
d. Jan. 4, 1820.
Same as Durell?
'35c
Dwelley, Allen
Mass. line
Private. . . .
—
Penobscot . . .
{'20).
•40
78
Penobscot . . .
Res. West half
Township No. 6.
'35d
Dwelly, John
Mass. mil
Seaman. . .
(iS
Waldo,
'40
Dyer, Bickford
74
87
Waldo
Cumberland .
'35c
Mass. line
Private. . . .
('20asRickford)o.
May 5, 1828.
'35c
Dyer, Ephraim
Mass. line
Private
77
Hancock. . . .
(•20).
•40
Dyer, Hannah
77
Cumberland .
Res. Cape Eliza-
beth.
•35d
Dyer, Isaac
Mass. line
Pvt. & Pvt.
of art. . .
74
York
('20, '31b,Isaac 2d)
'40
Dyer, Isaac
82
York
Res. Limington.
'35c
Dyer, Isaac, 1st. . . .
Mass. line
Drummer .
71 Lincoln
(•20)d. Feb. 10,
1820.
'40
86
76
Franklin
Cumberland .
■40
Dyer, Mary
Res. Harpswell.
•35c
Dyer, Paul
Mass. line
Private. . . .
67
Cumberland .
('20) d. April 13,
1827.
AIAIXE IXLAND SCENERY
On the Presumscot near Riverton Park
158 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
SALMON. SHAD AND ALEWIVES, RIVERS OF MAINE
IN OLDEN DAYS
By Honorable Harry B. Austin, former Chairman Commis-
sioners Maine Inland Fisheries and (lame
The first fish commission was created under a resolve from the
Legislature approved on Jan. 28, 1867, entitled. "Relating to the
restoration of free fish in the rivers and inland waters of Maine."
This commission consisted of two members. Nathan W. Foster and
Charles G. Atkins, who investigated the fisheries conditions in the
larger Maine rivers and followed their investigations with a report
to the Governor and Council, under date of Jan. 16, 1868. the re-
port comprising 95 printed pages. It took up pretty fully and in
detail the salmon, shad, alewives and striped bass fisheries and
affords very interesting information covering a period of nearly
100 years prior to the date of the report.
This Report
Contains in view of the present nation and world-wide agitation
for the conservation and increase of food products, many interest-
ing facts as to the food resources of Maine in the fish line the first
official notice of that industry or resource, and I could bv;t compare
the conditions of that period with those of today.
It seems that formerly all these species of fish were very prevalent
in the Maine rivers and it is particularly interesting to note the
cause, which in the opinion of the commissioners, brought about
the gradual decline of the fisheries.
Beginning at the westward of the State, it appears from the
report that the Saco river was originally a salmon river and that
they ascended the river as far as Salmon Falls, where a great many
were in the old times taken. The last salmon taken at Salmon
Falls is recorded in the year 1843.
The falls at Biddeford and Salmon Falls were so high that no
other migratory fishes ascended the river in any number above Bid-
deford. l"he building of dams to furnish power for the cotton mills
there created an obstacle which in the course of a few years caused
the salmon to stop coming into this river in any appreciable numbers.
In the Presumpscot river salmon were last seen in 1802. the rnn of these
fish heing destroyed by the erection of a dam at the head of tide water
during that year.
MAINE FISHERIES IX OLDEX DAYS 159
It should be mentioned here, perhaps, what some may not know or recall,
that the salmon seek the upper waters of fresh water rivers to spawn, and
do not spawn at all in salt water.
Ill the Androscoggin, salmon were formerly observed as far
up as Rumford Falls, breeding in the main river and most of the
tributaries, g'oing up the little Androscoggin as far as Paris and
although falls at Lewisiton were difficult, they did not prevent the
passage of the salmon until the dam was built. We have no report
of the salmon ever occurring in the main river above Rumford
Falls, no doubt owing to the obstruction of the natural high falls
at this point. Salmon were caught at Lewiston as late as 1875, the
first dam built at Brunswick not being high enough to stop their
passage. Alewives formerly came up the Androscoggin and bred
in Sabattus pond.
In the Kennebec river at Augusta the number of salmon taken in
1820 was estimated at 4,000. and in 1822, in one day, one seine was
known to take 700 shad, while in 1857 a seine took in that year
300 shad and 20,000 alewives. Charles Hume of Augusta fished
at Waterville with a drift net from 1830 to 1837, taking 150 salmon
yearly. Prior to the building of the first dam at Augusta in 1837,
shad were taken in large numbers as far up at Waterville. the
yield in one day mentioned being 6,400.
Many salmon and shad were also taken prior to 1837 at Skowhe-
gan. salmon being taken as far up as Caratunk Falls. The vear
that the first dam at Augusta was carried away. Colonel Thompson
of Embden states that 60 salmon were taken in one night at these
falls. In 1867 the whole number of salmon taken at Augusta was
only 70, and in the whole river the catch was estimated at but 1,200.
Sandy river, which flows into the Kennebec at Norridgewock,
w^as formerly a salmon river and a favorite spawning ground.
Shad and alewives came up as far as Farmington, the alewives
spawning in Varnum's pond in Temple. The first obstruction in this
river was a dam built in 1804 at New Sharon, which stopped the
shad and alewives, but a fish way which permitted the salmon to
pass, was maintained for a few years. On very high water the
salmon were ab^e to pass the dam. as David Hunter of Strong
took a salmon in the river there as late as 1826.
Conditions in the Carrabassett river, another tributarv to the
Kennebec and a clear mountain stream like the Sandy, were much
the same, salmon ascending the river as far as Kingfield. At New
Portland so many were sometimes taken that onlv the bellies were
i6o SPRAGUE^S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
saved, the rest being thrown away. After the building of the Au-
gusta dam, they disappeared from the Carrabassett river, but during
the year this dam was out. they ascended that stream, 20 being re-
ported taken at North Anson village.
The Penobscot river has suffered less loss of trsh than any other
large Maine river. In 1867. the time this hrst report was made,
shad ascended the river for many miles. On the west branch they
went as far as Grand Falls, near the mouth of the Millinocket
stream, and both salmon and shad were reported seen near North
Twin lake. At that time there were but four dams on the lower
reaches of the main Penobscot, viz.. in Veazie, Basin Mills, Great
Works and Old Town. At present there are three other dams on
the river, but all are provided with fishways.
The Penobscot river being the only large Maine river which has
been kept passable for the salmon, is now the only river to which
they resort in any numbers which seems to show conclusively that
a'.l our rivers need is the maintenance of fishways through the
obstructing dams and the restocking of the main reaches with
Atlantic salmon in order to re-establish in these rivers a supply of
fish which, under present conditions would be of inestimable value
to our state.
A good example of experiments obtained in the line of improving
fishing conditions is given in this first report relating to the Cobs-
cook river, Washington county. In 1861 a movement was begun
to restore the fish in that river, fishways being built over the ob-
structing dams and 31 alewives were put in lakes at the head of the
river, the result being as follows: From 1862 to 1864 very few
fish were taken, but they gradually increased in the two followmg
years and in 1867 they were again abundant, crowding the fish-
ways all day long.
The prices of fish in those days of long ago would make the
'.vjusewife sigh, shad being the most abundant, with salmon next
-nd alewives little esteemed — and shad selling at Old Town for
$1 ])er 100 pounds. That price was not sufficient at one time to
enable the fishermen to secure barrels and salt and but few were
'lisposed of otherwise than as fresh fish. P>efore the dams were
])uilt, salmon was plenty at six cents a pound and shad at six cents
apiece. Those prices do not prevail today, xou ma\- have noticed — -
and that fact seems a great argument, as stated, for the re-establish-
ment of the Maine fisheries on a basis which would restore their
commercial w. )rth.
REVOLUTIONARY GRAVES
i6i
In the report of 1867 referred to by Mr. Austin and which is of mucli
historical vahie we learn that then the State otficers not only received free
transportation passes but gratefully acknowledged them in their reports.
On page 2 is the following which is almost startling in these days of
civi?; virtue.
"We have been favored with free season tickets on the following passenger
routes : Portland and Kennebec Railroad, Portland and Rochester Rail-
road, Grand Trunk Railroad, Portland and Machias Steamboat Line, and
occasional passes on the Portland, Saco and Portsmouth Railroad, Concord
(N. H.) Railroad and International Line of Steamers to St. John."
EDITOR.
REVOLUTIONARY GRAVES LOCATED BY MARGARET
GOFFE MOORE CHAPTER, D. A. R.. MADISON, MAINE
Nauie
Oliver Wood
Maris Gould
John Clark
Joseph Tarliell
N^athan Parlin
Biley Smith
Capt. Moses Case
Capt. Enoch Page
Burying Place.
Norridgewock
Cornville
IN MADISON, MAINE.
Andrew Russell
Benj. Patten
Jonathan Eames
Josiah Nutting
Stephen Gage
Magnus Beckey
Ebenezer Dean
Henry W'>mian
Elisha Lircoln
Joshua Blackwell
Pichard Hayden
Ebenezer French
Josenh Merrill
Benjamin Baxter
Joseph Frederic
Tosenh Bray
Toseph Greenleaf
Tabez Bowen
Jonathan Russell
near Patterson Bridge in ^ladison.
Morse Cemetery
Village Cemetery
ts ft
Jewett Cemetery
Blackwell Cemetery
near Hayden Lake
New Sharon, ]\laine
Mercer, Maine
Starks, Maine
near Corson Corner
D'an forth Cemetery
Adella Veasev Moore
Chairman, Committee on marking Rey. Soldier. Grayes and TTi>toric Spots.
i62 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
OXFORD COUNTY GLEANINGS
(KKOM <)LI» MASSACIIISETTS KEGISTKltS)
1809
Rrfrcsciitatiz'cs to the Massachusetts House of I^cprcscnta-
tivi's ivcrc John Turner of Turner; Enoch Hall. Buckfield;
Elias Stozi'cll. /'oris; James Starr. Jr., Jay: Simeon Waters,
Livermorc : Elifhaz Chafmau. Bethel: f/annibal llamlin,
IVaterford.
Turner. Hamlin and Hill were members of the committee on
Eastern Lands. Judah Dana was County Attorney. Justices of
the Common Pleas were Simon Frye of Fryeburg, Sanmel Parri<
of Hebron and Luther Cary of Turner.
Special Justices: Cyrus Hamhn and Daniel Stowell of Paris.
Clerk of the S. J. Court and Common Pleas : Cyrus Hamlin, Paris.
Justices of the Court of Sessions: Levi Hubbard. Paris. Chief
Justice. Associate Justices: John Turner of Turner; Joseph How-
ard of Brownfield ; Ebenezer Poor of East Andover ; W. C. Whit-
ing of Hebron. Josiah Bisco of Paris. Clerk of the Sessions. Judah
Dana of Fryeburg. Judge of Probate, and Samuel A. Bradley of
Fryeburg, Register of Probate.
Attorneys at the S. J. Court: Henry Farwell. Buckfield; Sam
A. Bradley, judah Dana. Fryeburg. Attorney at the Common
Pleas: Luther Emerson of Livermore.
Fryeburg Academy incorporated February 8, 1792. Officers in
year 1809: Preceptor: Amos J. Cook, A. M. President: Rev.
Nathaniel Porter. Treasurer : Moses Ames, Esq. Trustees : Amos
J. Cook, A. M., Capt. James Osgood. Sam A. Bradley, Esq.. Col.
David Page. Hon. Ceo. Thacher. Rev. Lincoln Ripley and Philip
Page. Esq.
SheriiT: David Learned of Livermore. Deputy Sheriffs: John
Cafely. Buckfield; Philip Page, David Badger. Fryeburg; Jonathan
Bemis, Alvin Bagden. Paris ; Hannibal Hamlin, Simeon Woodbury.
\\'aterford.
Blazing Star Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons at Rum ford.
Officers, 1809: Joseph K. White, Rum ford. Master; Wil-
liam Wheeler, S. Warden; Joseph Lufkin. J. Warden; Jonathan
Holman, Treasurer ; Abel Wheeler, Secretary ; David H. Farnum,
S. Deacon ; .\lvin Balster, J. Deacon.
OXFORD COUNTY GLEANINGS i^^3
(MAINE RE(ilSTKK)
1832
County Commissioners: James Starr, Jay; Abel Gibson, Brown-
'tlXf r La^y '^^uel F. Brown, Buc.field ; WHliam
F^::^;: hU Farwen. Levi Stowell, Dixfield , Judah Dar..
Stephen Chase. John S. Barrows, Fryeburg ; Jarms S. Keith, Ox-
f d Reuel Washburn, Livermore ; Levi Whitman Norway;
Stephen Emery, Timothy J. Carter, Paris; Peter C. Virgn. Rum-
ford; Wilham K. Porter, Turner
\ttorney at the Supreme Judicial Court: Joseph G. Co.e, Pan.
.r ^L. Plea^- Virgil D. PaiTis, Buckheld :
Attorneys at Common Pleas. v r^n 1 . Wm A
Isaiah P. Moody, Lovell ; Charles Whitman, Waterfoid, \\m. A.
Evans, Livermore Falls.
1834
Stephen Emery of Paris was Judge of Probate with a yearly
salary of $i75-0O. and Joseph G. Cole of Paris was Register salary
L.oco lolm J. Ho^^man of Dixfield was Colonel of 2nd Regi-
nent Sixth Division of the State Militia; Daniel Merritt of Jay
was Lt. Colonel; Cyrus Thompsom, Hartford, Major; John M.
Eu-ti?, Rumford, Aujutant. 17 n
Samuel Gibson was Post-Master at Denmark ; Henry EarweU,
Dixfield: Judah Dana, Fryeburg; John Tripp, Hebron; Joseph I..
Cde Paris- Seth Morse, South Paris; William Reed, Norway;
Wm' K Porter. Turner, and Isaac Strickland, Livermore.
In 1837 there were two academies in Oxford County which had
received donations of wild lands from the State as follows: Frye-
bui- Academv 15.000 acres; Hebron Academy 11.520 acres.
sWhen'Emery of Paris was Judge of Probate Joseph G^ Cole
Clerk of Courts; Timothy J. Carter. County Attorney. In the
''Eastern District" Alanson Merrill of Paris was Register of Deeds,
and Daniel Ci.ement of Fryeburg in the ''Western D-ti-ict
The Countv Commissioners were: Job Prmce. 1 unici . Abel
Gibson, Brownfield; John Hersey Canton. ,f ,,wand
Tn 18^7 Oxford Countv raised 13(^.307 bushel, of wheat and
r^^. ^te bountv for the same (under act passed March 2,.
^t^S^H^-e were twentv-eight lawvers in practice in the entii.
county. That year the state senators w,ere : John \\ . Dana.
164 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF AIAIXE HISTORY
Frye])iirg- ; X'irgil D. I'arris, Bucktield ; Lee Strickland. Liveniiore.
jolm j. Perry, later a member of Congress, was a member of the
Maine House of Representatives from the town of Oxford.
The first town meeting in 1 lebron was held under a warrant of
William Widgery, Esquire, one of the justices of the peace for
Cumberland County, dated March 15, 1792 to John Greenwood, the
freeholders, and other inhabitants of the town of Hebron c[ua]ified
by law to vote on town affairs. The meeting assemb^-cd at the
dwelling house of Mr. Asa Bearce on Monday the 2nd day of
April, 1792, and made choice of Daniel lUicknam for moderator
and John (ireenwood for town clerk.
Other officers were elected as follows: John Donham, John
Greenwood and Ho'.mes Thomas. Selectmen and Assessors ; Asa
Bearce, Town Treasurer ; John Bicknell. Constable and Collector of
Taxes ; Robert Small, Samuel Craft, Morris Bumpas, Nathan Dud-
ley. Isaac Whittemore, Mellatiah Cobb and Daniel Bartlett, Sur-
veyors of Highways: John Washburn, John Caldwell and Gideon
Cushman. Tythingmen ; Reuben Packard and Eliab Richmond,
W'ardens.
The votes for State of^cers that year were as follows: For (tOv-
ernor, "His Excellency, John Hancock, Esq., had 48 votes ; for
Lieutenant Governor, His Honor, Samuel Adams had 41 votes."
William W'idgery received 40 votes for State Senator.
The first trustees of Hebron Academy were : Rev. James Hooper
of Paris ; Samuel Paris of Hebron ; Ezekiel WHiitman of New Glou-
cester; Cyrus Hamlin of Paris; John Greenwood of Hebron; Dr.
Luther Carey of Turner; Dr. Jesse Rice of Minot and William Bar-
rows of Hebron.
The act dividing Hebron and establishing the new town of Ox-
ford was approved February 27, 1829. Winthrop B. Norton, one
of the justices of the peace for the county of Oxford, issued his
warrant to Cvrus Shaw, one of the freehold inhabitants of Oxford,
on the ninth day of March, 1829. "requiring him to sunnnon and
notify the inhabitants of said town of Oxford, qualified to vote in
town affairs, to assemble at the school-house near Craig's Mills in
said Oxford, on 'i'hm-sday the nineteenth day of March instant,
at one of the clock in the afternoon, for the purpose of choosing a
Moderator and all such town officers as towns are by law author-
ized and re(|uired to choose and appoint at their annual meeting.
The officers were: Jacob Tewksbury, Moderator: Dan Perry. Town
OXFORD COUXTY GLEAXIXGS i6;
Clerk; Samuel H. King. Ebenezer Holmes and Cyrus Shaw, Select-
men ; Dan Perry. Treasurer ; Jacob Tewksbury. ( iiles Shurtleff and
Alonzo King, Superintending School Committee ; Alonzo King,
Constable and Collector of Taxes.
The first town meeting in the town of Paris was held at the dwell-
ing house of Reuben Hubbard, July i6, 1793. Lemuel Jackson wa'^
moderator ; Josiah Bisco, town clerk ; Isaac Bolster, Lemuel Jack-
son and Xathan Nelson, selectmen; Josiah Bisco, John Bessee and
John Willis, assessors; David Stowell. treasurer; Jonathan Hall.
Nathaniel Haskell. William Swan. Benjamin Hammond and S'^th
Carpenter, tythingmen ; Daniel Whitney, field driver ; Benjamin
Hammond, deer reeve ; Philip Donohue, John Daniels, Samuel Dur-
rell and Henry Hill, hogreeves; Isaac Bolster, Abner Shaw, John
Willis, Seth Carpenter and Mercdach B. Smith, school committee.
Roscoe A. Kingsbury of the firm of Thurston & Kingsbury, and
one of Bangor's best known business men. died at his home, 98 Essex
street, Bangor, Thursday morning, March 13. 1919, after an illness
of several weeks, having been confined to his honie for some time
prior to his death. Mr. Kingsbury was born in Bradford nearly
68 years ago. (the son of Thomas R. Kingsbury, a prominent resi-
dent of that town, and in early life was engaged in the grocery
business, His first venture was at East Corinth where he formed a
partnership with a man named Everett Beale. the firm name being
Kingsbury & Beale. This partnership lasted until Mr. Kingsbury
came to Bangor about 38 years ago to engage in business on his own
account and for two years he carried on a successful grocery in
what is known as the Cobb store on Main street. Mr. Kingsbury
was a man of intelligence and \vide information and interested in
all that was for the better welfare of the connnunity. He took
much interest in Maine historical research and had been a subscriber
to the journal from its first issue.
Another one of our subscribers whose death occurred in l^lls-
worth. (Maine), March 22, 1919. was John O. W'hitney, president
of Whitcomb. Haynes & W'hitney, timber operators and lumber
manufacturers at Ellsworth, and a director and ofificer in banks and
business houses, died Saturday night. He was a former alderman
and a former president of the l^)Oard of Trade. He was 64 years
old.
i66 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
A SOCIAL EVENT IN AUGUSTA, MAINE, IN 1854
(Contribuled by Wm. Otis Sawtelle, Haverford, Pa.)
Military & Civic Ball
With Ladies, is respectfully invited to attend a Balll
At The
State House, Augusta,
Wednesday Evening, Feb. 22, 1854.
AUGUSTA
Gen. Albert Tracy,
Capt. F. D. 'Oallender, U. S. A.
Col. John A. Pettingill,
Col. Elias G. Hedge,
Maj. Wlm. iH. Chisam,
Maj. Geo. S. Carpenter,
Maj. H. Baker,
Capt. Joseph Anthony,
James A. Thompson,
Charles A. Lombard.
Joseph W. Ellis,
Thcanas F. Boynton.
HALDOWEDL
Maj. T. 'M. Andrews,
Hiram Fuller,
A. ;S. Washburn.
FARM'INIGDALiE
Col. !F. T. Lally,
Geo. H. RolDinson.
GARDLYER
F. P. Thebald,
F. A. Butman.
PITTSTO'N
Gen. Caleb Stevens,
Capt. J. D. Warren.
WATEiRVILL/E
J. M. Crooker.
SAOO
Cant. Ira H. Foss.
WISICAlSiSET
Maj. J. Babson.
Managers.
BAINGOR
Gen. G. G. Cushman,
Capt. Jno-. L. Modsdon,
Lt. A. P. 'Bradbury,
John A. Peters,
Samuel P. Dinsmore,
Charles S. Cros'by.
piQiRTLAND
Gen. Wendell P. Smith,
C3pt. iSam. J. Anderson,
Col. Chas. N. Little,
Edward El. Upham.
BATtl
Maj. Chas. N. Bodfish,
Col. E. K. Harding,
Lt. F. D. iSewall,
Lt. J. G. Richardson.
BlIDiDIEFiORfD.
Col. R. M. Chapman.
FARlM'IlNiGTO'N
Gen. E. C. Belcher.
WAIJDOBiORO
Gen. W. S. Cochran.
BELFAST
Col. A. W. Johnson.
ROCKLAiXlD
Col. iH. G. Berry.
RiIiCHMOND
T. J. Southard.
Floor Managers,
Joseph W\ Ellis,
Charles A. Lambard,
Samuel P. Dinsmore,
Col. E. K. Harding,
Maj. G. IS. Carpenter,
E. E. Upham.
Officers and .Members of Military Cnmiiarics will appear in L^niform.
Music by Fales' Band, Assisted by Eiuincnt ^Tusicians Friim Boston.
SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
PUBLISHED QUARTERLY
Entered as second class matter at the post office, Dover, Maine, by John
Francis Sprague, Editor and Publisher.
Terms : For all numbers issued during the year, including an index and
all special issues, $i.oo. Single copies, 25 cents. Bound volumes $2.00 each.
Postage prepaid on all items, except bound volumes west of Mississippi
River.
Commencing with Vol. 3, the terms will be $1.00 only to subscribers who
pay in advance, otherwise $1.50.
This publication will be mailed to subscribers until ordered discontinued.
OUR MESSAGE TO YOU
FIR.ST TEACH THE BOY AND GIRL TO KNOW AND LOVE THEIR
OWN TOWN, COUNTY AND STATE AND YOU HAVE GONE A LONG
WAY TOWARD TEACHING THEM TO KNOW AND LOVE THEIR
COUNTRY.
BROWSINGS BY THE EDITOR IN HIS OWN LIBRARY
III.
The Maine Historical Society held a meeting at Augusta Feb. 2.
1855. Robert H. Gardiner was its president and WilHam Willis
was the recording secretary. Mr. Willis delivered the "Intro-
ductory address. " (')
Our Society was incorporated in 1822; the number of corporators was 49;
the first meeting was held in Portland, April nth, at which Albion K. Parris,
then Governor of the State, was chosen President, Benjamin Hasey, of
Topsham, Recording Secretary, Edward Russell, Corresponding Secretary,
Prentiss ]\Iellen, then Chief Justice, Treasurer, and Rev. Edward Payson,
Librarian. Of these officers. Gov. Parris is the only survivor: he was then
the 3^oungest of the number, and the youngest governor Maine ever had,
being but 33 years old when he was chosen.
Mr. Hasey, the first Secretary, died in 1851. in his 80th year, and the oldest
but one, of the surviving lawyers in Maine. He was born in Lebanon in
this State, graduated at Harvard College, in the class of Josiah Quincy 1790,
studied his profession with Judge Thacher, of Biddeford, and established
himself in Topsham. where for 57 years he faithfully and honestly pur-
sued his profession to the end of his life. Of Chief Mellen and Dr. Payson,
each eminent in his chosen sphere of duty, this audience needs no informa-
tion.
(') Collections Maine Hist. Soc. Vol. 4, p. 6.
i68 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
Of the 49 original members, 32 are dead, many of whom dignihed and
adorned their age. William King, our first governor, connected with a
family of great nien — Rufus and Cyrus, all natives of our State, sound and
distinguished statesmen — ^was himself a man of strong powers of mind and
a leading spirit for many years in our political and commercial affairs.
Benjamin Orr, Stephen Longfellow, Gov. Enoch Lincoln, John Holmes,
Judges Bridge and Cony, Dr. Benjamin Vaughan of English fame, the
venerable Judge David Sewall and Wm. D. Williamson the Historian of our
State, all original members, deserve a mention in this brief summary of our
Society. Statesmen, judges, scholars — in tlheir several spheres they filled
large spaces in public estimation, and sustained active positions in the
inauguration of our state and our public affairs. Since that event, scarce
a third of a century has passed, and the mould has already gathered upon
the memory of men, the most distinguished of their day, among us. The
first Governor, the first tiwo Senators in Congress, Holmes and Chandler,
five of the seven Councillors, five of the seven representatives in Congress,
the lirst Chief Justice, Prentiss Mellen, the President of the Senate and
Speaker of the House of Representatives — men of high and honorable ambi-
tion, men of talents, energy and enterprise, have passed on in funeral pro-
cession, and the places which they filled and adorned, are now occupied liy
men of another generation. But their acts live: they laid the foundations of
a new civil society ; they put in motion a new organization of great power
and capacity, which has been moving on with accelerated strength, evolving
new forces; fraught with wealth, with genius, with enterprise and social
influence, which we perceive and partake of while the vital energy of those
stirring spirits, fnr which a kingdom seemed too small a bound, lies cold
and silent in the grave.
Als(j in this volume is a paper by Aiigiisttts C. Rol^bins of
Brtinswick on "American Manufactiu'es" and was read at this
meeting. It was a brief histoi"y of the progress which American
manufacturing industries had made to that time. He proves that
Washington was at his first inaugm^ation dressed in a full suit of
American cloth made in Hartford, Conn. He appends to his
remarks an original letter from Washington to General Knox of
Thomaston, Maine, and says :
If any are curious to knoiw how it was prticured, T will gratify their curi-
osity by stating — That Mrs. John Ilnlmes (widow of tlie late lion. J(Min
Holmes) who was the youngest daughter of Gen. Knox, presented this
letter of Washington's to Mrs. Edward Robinson of Thomaston ; INIrs.
Rol)inson presented it to me, and T now present it to the Historical Society
of -Maine.
"Mount Vernon, March 2d. 1780.
My Dear Sir; — I beg you to accept my acknowledgement of and thanks
for your obli'^ing favors of the I2th. l6th and iqtli of last nionlh, and
particularly for the trouble you have had in procuring and forwarding for
EDITORIAL 169
me a suit of tlie Hartford [Manufacture. It is come safe, and exceeds my
expectation. I will take an early opportunity of paying the cost of it.
The result of the late elections will not only soon lie known, but the
efifects of them will soon be discovered. Of the nine Representatives
(announced) for this State, six are decided federalists; and the three (not
yet known ) from Kentucky, it is presumed, from the best accounts which
have been received from thence, will be in unison with them. To hear
that the votes have run in favor of Mr. Adams, gives me pleasure.
The severe weather, and uncommonly Iiad condition of the Roads in this
■quarter will prevent the members from this State, giving their attendance in
time. One of them went from here this morning only, and two yesterday.
I hope this will tind you -perfectly recovered from your late painful dis-
order, and Mrs. Knox and the rest of the family in good health. Our afifec-
tionate compliments are offered to them, and with sentiments of the sincerest
friendship.
I am ever Yours,
G. WASHIXGTOy.
General Knox.
The fifth article in this volitnie is "A Discourse" dehvered before
the Society at Brunswick August 2, 1854, by George Burgess, D. D.,
Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Chutxh in Maine. From this
discourse we take the following extracts showing his view of social
development in the early days of Maine.
From 1607 to 1677, the Province of Maine, in the larger sense of that
term, was in this state of confused incipiency. There was no general gov-
ernment : the attempt to produce union in religion was vain : the Episcopal
establishment never prevailed : the Puritan establishment was not effectually
introduced : and the settlements on the borders of the wilderness were
kept in weakness and poverty. The character which such a history would
leave behind it could not disclose any strong and harmonious development.
There would be little more than the rude fraginents resulting from an
abortive effort to produce a nolile statue: or rather, little more than the
scattered vegetation which misht yet, collected and planted anew, grow^ into
a noble grove or garden. Self-reliance might be expected, and firmness, and
endurance. The stricter virtues of the Puritans might probably be some-
what wanting; their rigid regard for the Sabbath: their devotional customs;
their knowledge of the Scriptures ; their readiness to suffer for conscience'
sake. As little were the settlers likely to possess the faults of the Puritans:
their narrowness; their tendency to spiritual pride: their indiscriminate hos-
tility to old usages ; often quite as innocent as their own, and niTre significant
and beautiful.
Something too, T suppose, has come down to us, though obscurely and
indirectly, from that original spirit of navigating adventure, which so early
planted the cross of the Christi;m discoverers far up the Kennebec and the
Penobscot. The pinnaces of English fishermen were never since absent
from our waters. Half of the home of many a colonist, and alnmst ;ill his
I70 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
journeys were on the deep. Maritime pursuits became the necessary herit-
age of the people who sliould inherit this coast of harbors and of storms.
"Naviget: haec summa est." In the mariners whose white sails are now
spread to the winds of the Pacific, or dart, almost with the speed of the birds,
from China round the globe homeward, we see the successors, in an unbroken
line, of Weymouth and Smith, of Gilbert and Vines.
In all this period of eighty-three years, I suppose that the few thousands
of settlers were little more than doubled in number. It is hardly possible to
paint too strongly the disastrous fruits of such harrassing strife. For the
first half of the period, no progress was made in cultivation ; scarcely a
foot was won from the forests. Afterwards the energy of the colonists
was expended in planting and sustaining firm military outposts, and in ven-
turing forth to expilore a little the vast desert beyond. There were in 1760
but thirteen incorporated townships. They formed little more than a streak
along the coast, from Kittery to Pemaquid. Richmond was a frontier for-
tress ; New Gloucester the extremest point where the smoke ascended from
the cabin of a civilized family. Almost a century was lost and more than
lost to the peaceful growth of the province, and it was not till British ban-
ners floated over the precipice of Quebec, that the woods of Maine were
open to the feet of the emigrant.
It is not to be denied that the Indian wars, with their consequences, im-
mensely retarded all social cultivation in this eastern country. There is a
refinement, which is efTcctcd bv time and affluence and all the appliances
which are at the disposal of old and opulent communities. I do not speak
of its value, nor institute any comparison between Corinthian elegance, or
Ionian grace, or even Athenian culture, and Spartan simplicity. But, s.uch
as it is, this refinement cannot be rapid in its .growth, where war and poverty
leave little leisure and add nothing to embellish that little. The ravages of
Indian warfare checked for a centrrv the advance of the fertilizing power
of commerce, tillage, and education. The fnundalinns were to be later laid:
the wealth which decorates a land, the endowments which spread so many
social advantages around, the ta=te Avhich finds nutriment and exercise
amidst the abodes of affluence, the incitements imparted by great cities and
the presence of men, the beauty of fields and farms, pastures and meadows,
bright villages and loyal rural homes, all were reserved for a future day. By
degrees, all has been gained or will be gained, in a sufficient measure; but
in the mean time, the more usefid arts and the nobler productions of this
social state have no need to linger.
The third great period in the history of Elaine reaches from 1760 to 1820;
from the close of the French and Indian hostilities to the separation from
Massachusetts, .ami the organization of the State.
Those sixty years inchuK'd llie still greater separation which rent both
Massachusetts and C\laire fnmi the British crown. But the war of the Revo-
lution scarcely impeded the progress which was characteristic of this period.
It was now one steady current, almost from first to la<t : and this is a suffi-
cient prcof thai not the hardness of our winters, but the dread of barba-
rian ravage, had so king shut up the paths of immigration. The incorpora-
tion of Po'wnalborough, named from a popular Governor who often came
to SaeadaliDck, pushed forward the work of colonial enterprise. The
EDITORIAL 171
Cushings, the Bowmans, tlie l>ri(lges, the Lithgows, gather there. In 1760,
tlie two counties of Cumberland and Lincoln are added to the original shire
of York. Old claims are now revived, new grants are obtained, the course
of the great rivers is explored, tihe coast between the Penobscot and the
St. Croix is taken into possession, and Machias is settled. The names of
Bowdoin, Vassal, Waldo, Gardiner, begin to appear. German and French
are allured to the pleasant though still wild sites of Dresden and Waldo-
borough. All is growth, slow, perhaps, but undisturbed : when the storm of
revolution reaches even to these outskirts of the land. The fairest by far
of all the towns along this eastern coast is laid in ashes by a mean hostility.
The train of the companions of Benedict Arnold toil up the Kennehec, on
their six weeks' march to join Montgomery under the walls of the Northern
Gibraltar. The soldiers of England hold Castine, and hold it successfully
against the colonial forces, and with it hold the eastern land beyond. A
thousand of the youth of Maine fall in the struggle, but the struggle is at
length over; the noble inheritance is won, and she shares the honors of the
State which contains Lexinston and Bunker's Hill.
The sixth jirticle is on ''The Language of the Abnaquies or
Eastern Indians." by Williams Willis. Students of the literature
upon the Indians of Maine should consult this valuable paper. In
it he says :
The principal residence or settlement of these Abnakies, who inhabited that
part of the United States, appears to have been the village of Narrantsouack,
as the name is written l)y the author of this dictionary, which was on the
river Kennebec. The Indian appellation is still preserved in our corrupted
American name, Norridgewock.
Father Rasle took up bis residence at Norridgewock in 1691. He says in
one of his letters : "It was among these people, who pass for the least rude
of all savages, that I went through my apprenticeship as a missionarj'. My
principal occupation was to study their language. It is very difficult to learn,
especially wdien we have only savages for our teachers.
"They have several letters which are sounded wholly from the throat,
without any motion of the lips: on for example, is one of the number. I
used to spend part of the day in their huts to hear them talk. At length,
after five months constant application, I accomplished so much as to under-
stand all their terms.
In it is also the full text of three of the most important Indian
treaties, 1735 at DeerfieM, Mass.; 1749 at Falmouth, Maine: 1752
at St. George's Fort. Maine ; and an appendix to Mr. Willis' arti-
cle bv C. E. Potter giving important facts regarding the language
of the Abnaquies.
The memoir and journals of Paul Coffin, D. D., in this volume
are of interest and importance. The last items in it are these :
172 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
NOTE.
The following- is a copy of an original letter from Bridget Phillips to
Edward Rishworth, Recorder for the Province of Maine, who then resided
in York, where the records were kept and the Courts held. The letter and
signature are in clear and beautiful chirography and in the style of that day.
Bridget Phillips was the second wife of Major Wm. Phillips. Her first
husband was John Sanford, who moved to Boston from Rhode Island in 1637,
by whom she had several children. Her son Peleg Sanford was Governor of
Rhode Island three years, vi? : 1680-1-2. One of her daughters married
Elisha Hutchinson and wa'^ grand mother of Thomas Hutchinson, Governor
of Massachusetts.
Phillips was a vinter in Boston, and moved to Saco in 1660, where he was a
large land proprietor and extensively engaged in lumberino- operations. His
title embraced a large tract in Saco, and the Fluellen tract, purchased of a
Sagamore of that name, eight miles square, in what are now the towns of
Sanford, Alfred and Waterboro'. Sanford took its name from Mrs. Phillips'
son by her first marriage. Phillips removed to Boston on the breaking out of
the Indian troubles in 1675, in which his house and mills were burnt, and
died there in 1683. Further particulars of this family and their possessions
may be found in Folsom's history of Saco, pages 162-165.
On the back of the letter in Rishworth's writing, is the following
endorsement: "By Cosson Phillips her order about entering of a caution
referring to her lands and mills at Saco." W.
LETTER.
'Mr. Rishworth, Sir: Being informed by yourself aiid others, that Captain
Barefoot and some others, make some pretense of claim to ye Lands left by
my late husband, Maj. William Phillips, lying in Saco, and have entered
upon the same. I know that all their claims are Imt mere pretenses and alto-
gether vain, whatever trouble I may be exposed unto : but being obliged by
virtue of my executorship to ye last will of my sd husband, I hold myself
bound to do what I lawfully may to defend our title, and therefore have
written these lines to lye with yourself as caution against the Recording of
any Deeds or Instruments seeming to grant right or title to ye said Lands
or any grant thereof to any other persons, and for the saveing of our own
right. Mr. GifYard hath been spoken wiih, and says Captain Barefoot hath
proceeded too far in that matter.
Your lovc'ing Friend,
BRIDGET PHILLIPS.
Boston, 29th July, 1684.
For Mr. Edward Rishworth, Recorder for the Province of Mayne.
Province of Mayne: This Caution entered into tlic 4th book of Records, pa
21, thi- nth of .\ugust, 1684: per Edward Rishwnrtli, Recorder.
SAYINGS OF SUBSCRIP.ERS 173
Sayings of Subscribers
After the first few numbers of the Journal had been issued
letters from subscribers who appreciated our endeavors were so
frequent that we began to select some of their sayings that were
kindly and encouraging, words also reminiscent of past days in
Maine, and often references to some article in the Journal that
was a valuable side-light upon an important topic in Maine history.
Thus this column has become a feature not only of interest to
our readers but of real historical value as well.
We may also, perhaps be pardoned for having indulged in some
pride that it has disclosed the fact that our readers are among those
who are cultured and intellectual.
From one of the leading members of the Kennebec bar and one
well known throughout Maine as a talented public speaker, we
recently received the following:
The work you are doing is worth doing and 3'ou are doing it well. These
words are not perfunctorily said, but I use them with full sense of their
meaning and with deep sincerit_v.
He is so thoroughly well equipped as a student of literature and
history that we were especially gratified at his appreciation, and
we undertook to publish it in om^ last issue — and then something
happened. It appeared in this column as being from LeRoy K.
Knight of Augusta, Maine, when it should have been the above
mentioned LeRoy L. Hight of Augusta.
Whether it v.-as the fault of copyist, type setter, or the blundering
editor is yet mysterious and how it passed by our proof reader
is more so.
It was at least very regretable.
Hon. W. B. Kendall, Bowdoinham, Maine:
Certainly your last issue is the best of all The particular thing that
appeals to me most in your last issue is that statement of the coming reading
book for the Maine schools on Maine topics. This is just a step in the right
direction. It will certainly win out very much in this in the next few years.
Mr. F. H. Heiskill, Portland, Maine:
Everyone likes the Journal. It is certainly a good magazine for any one.
George H. Smardon, Portland, Maine :
The Journal for November, December, January arrived today and I am
always pleased when it gets here. After reading the current news, war news,
religious news and so forth, it is a delight to read any nuniber of the Journal.
Wish Gene Edwards would give us more of his poetry.
1/4 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL UF MAINE HISTORY
Mrs. P^lizabeth P. Merrill, Skowhegan, Maine, a talented writer of
verse and prose :
You are doing a splendid work for the State and we all appreciate it. "To
each man his time and Place." You will l)e a help to the generations to come,
— will live after your flesh and bones are dust. Your spirit will form a new
body to "carry on" some good work in a state of consciousness not yet
familiar to us; hut which will be some time.
Rev. Geo. A. Martin, Grace M. E. Church, St. Johnsbury, Vermont :
With pleasure I renew my subscription to the Journal. Each issue is so
highly prized that the loss of one is keenly felt. The last was especially
rich in its biographical material and a great challenge to the men of Maine
to be worthy of successors of the great men of other days.
John L. Tewksbury, Camden, Maine :
I have thoroughly enjoyed reading this interesting publication and hope
to have my subscription continued. I am very much interested in Maine
history and think that you are doing a fine thing in devoting so much of
your time and talent to this nnportaiit, valuable and interesting subject.
Hon. James Phinney Baxter, Portland, Maine. :
What you say with regard to the indifference which has been exhibited
by our Legislature relative to Maine history is not in the least over-stated.
I DO NOT KNOW OF ANYTHING THAT EXHIBITS THE INTEL-
LECTUAL STATUS OF A COMMUNITY MORE THAN THE MAN-
NER IN WHICH IT PRESERVES AND PUBLISHES ITS HISTORY^
Massachusetts has led in this work, as it always has led in intellectual activity
the other states of New England. I should like to see Maine as active as
Massachusetts in making its history accessible to students. As you know I
have long labored in this field, and though it has been an unthankful task,
I am fully satisfied that it is a useful contribution to our literature. I hope
vou mav be successful in \our efforts.
F. Willis Rice, Editor and Publisher of The Daily National Hotel
Reporter :
I always read your "Journal o'f Maine History" with interest, but the
current quarterly number, covering the months of November, December
and January, is of peculiar and indeed absorbing interest.
The life-like portrait and admirable sketch of the late Judge Peters excites
my admiration. You are so thoroughly conversant with the political his-
tory of Maine, that you will doubtless recalll the fact that Judge Peters was
the successor of my father, the late John Hovey Rice, in the U. S. House
of Representatives at the opening of the Fortieth Congress.
The equally remarkable portrait of the late George V. Edes carries me
back still farther in retrospect. I can see him now with his stooped shoul-
ders and ample pedal extremities, making his way across the bridge from
Foxcroft.
SAYINGS O'F SUBSCRIBERS i75
Mr H. A. Free, Director of Chamber of Commerce, Lewiston, Me. :
The Journal has interested me very much especially the interesting sketch
of the late Chief Justice Peters.
ALL Maine peoplle ought to be interested in your publication.
Chosen in June, 1790, and to continue in office by resolve of the
General Court in Tune, 1791. ^ov the collection of duties on car-
riages, etc.. and for settling their excise accounts with licensed
persons:
Isaac Pope. York; Ebenezer May, Cumberland; Richard Hunne-
well, Hancock; John Cooper. Washington. Joseph Greenleaf was
the light-house keeper at Portland, Casco Bay.
(Mass. Register for 1793) •
Senators from the District of Alaine in the Massachusetts Legis-
lature for 1803 were: Simon Frye and John Woodman, York
County; W^oodbury Storer and John Cushing. Cumberland, and
John Chandler. Kennebec.
Public Notaries in 1803 were: Thomas Cutts, Pepperelborough ;
Joseph Tucker. York; John Froithingham, Portland; John Peterson,
Brunswick; Ebenezer Whittier. Pownalborough ; Jacob Ludwig,
Waldoborough ; Nathaniel Dummer, Hallowell; Francis Winter,
Bath; Gabriel Johnnot, Penobscot; EH Forbes, Gouldsborough ;
Phineas Bruce, Machias.
In 1793 the District of Maine had three of the ten academies in
Massachusetts, viz.: Hallowell Academy. Fryeburg Academy and
Washington Academy at Machias.
The six principal Indian wars in New England, all ot which weix
participated in bv the early settlers of Maine, were King Philips
War. begun June, 1675; King WiUiam-s, August 1688; Queen
Ann's, AugusL 1763; Lovwdl's, June 13. 1722: the Spanish and
Five Years Indian War. July. i745< and the French and Indian
War. 1755.
The Journal gratefully acknowledges a valuable gift from Henry
M Packard of Guilford, Me., it being a complete set of the Maine
Legislative Biographical Sketches, from 1872 to 1919 "^^l^f^ve.
This collection was begun by his father the late Honorable Cyrus
A. Packard, former State Land Agent.
1/6 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
Notes and Fragments
The Maine State Library at Augusta is daily becoming more
useful to all of the citizens of Maine.
Mr. Dunnack is constantly striving to make it so. Not only has
the good work of the traveling libraries expanded greatly under
his management, but the people generally, those at the cross roads
and smallest hamlets have been encouraged to write in and borrow
books that they need in the Hues of study which they are pursuing.
This is as it should be.
They pay for it when the tax bills are met and it should be equally
accessible to all. It ought to be made as beneficial to the members
of clubs and granges and students of all degrees at Jonesport,
Rangeley or Fort Kent as to such who happen to reside in the
immediate vicinity of the Capital City.
Recently the Boston Herald olTered prizes for stories of "real
battles with cold and storm." Mr. R. L. Gibson of Harrington,
Maine, wrote one which was accepted and published in the Sunday
Herald of Dec. 29, 1918, entitled "Playing for Dear Life on Moose-
head Lake."
The following is from a recent Maine newspaper :
Captain Ehvell P. Todd of Georgetown will on January 18, 1919, celebrate
his 90'th birthday. He is the oldest resident of his town and the oldest' pilot
on the Kennebec, having for many years piloted vessels up and down the
river. He remembers well when the daily arrival of 25 or more vessels at the
mouth of the river was no unusual event, while now the appearance of
even one is an event indeed. He was a delegate to the first Republican con-
vention in Maine, which nominated Hannibal Hamlin for Governor. He
served for five years as a Sagadalhoc county fish and game warden. Captain
Todd is in excellent health and saws a few sticks of wood every day for
exercise and practice. He married ]\Iiss Filena Spennes who died some 15
years ago, and now lives with his sister, Mrs. Harriet Deering of George-
town.
The following item having recently appeared in the Maine news-
papers, we asked Col. P)Oothby if it was correct and he assin-ed us
that it was.
Col. Frederic E. l^oothby, who for many years was general passenger
agent of the Maine Central Railroad, has a curiosity on the lawn of his
home at Waterville, Maine, in the shape of the four wheels of the tender
of the Pioneer, the first locomotive of the first railroad in Maine, the Bangor,
NOTES AND FRAGMENTS 177
Oldtown, and Mil ford Railway, more generally known as the Veazie Rail-
road. The Pioneer was built in England in 1830 by Stephenson and brought
to this country. The wheels referred to are of oak with a half inch iron tire
and an iron flange. A few years ago they were found in a pile oi junk by
the station agent at Oldtown and sent to Col. Boothby. It would seem as
though such interesting relics deserve a more permanent resting place than
outdoors.
This also attracted the attention of Mr. Ambrose E. Roberts of
Boston, who in a letter to the Colonel under date of Jan. 19, 19 19,
adds this to the history of one O'f the oldest railroads in America :
I read with interest recently an article on your possessing the wheels of
the first locomotive used in Maine.
My great grandfather and great uncle, Edward and Samuel Smith, for-
merly of Bangor, were the ones who built this old railroad and brought
this equipment from England. I have in my possession an old Bangor paper
describing their ventures and activities in the olden days. This article was
written at that time by D. M. Howard, formerly in the insurance business in
Bangor, and who was Clerk for the firm of E. & S. Smith.
Would it be a possible thing for me to obtain possession of one of these
wheels, being the great grandson of the man who brought this locomotive
to this country — it seems only right that one of these should fall into my
hands.
I am the son of Edward F. Roberts and formerly lived in Bangor. I
believe you know my father and mother. Many souvenirs of this old road
were in the Bangor Historical Society Rooms and were burned up.
Of course. General Veazie has been handed most of the credit for building
this road, but as a matter of fact Edward and Samuel Smith built it and"
went broke just as it was completed, the road being sold to General Veazie
for $55,000 and given his name.
I would appreciate it very much if I could get possession of one of these
wheels.
JEFFERSON AND THE CONSTITUTION OF MAINE
During the session of the Legislature of 1834, as a member of the
House I attended a meeting of the Committee on Education, wheii
the subject of making a grant to one of the Seminaries of learning
was under discussion. Governor King being present was requested
to give his viev/s to the committee.
He went very fully into the question, taking strong ground in
favor not only of providing for Common Schools, but also of
endowing our higher Seminaries. After speaking at considerable
length upon education generally, and the means of promoting it, he
•stated that Article VIII of our Constitution was drawn by Mr.
Tefferson. ttnder these circumstances: —
178 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
After the vote of separation was passed and Cjovernor King was
elected a delegate to form the Constitution, but before the Con-
vention was held business called him to Washington. While there,
it occurred to him that he should be very glad to see Mr. Jefiferson
and get his views of the best Constitution for the State. So he
"took a turn" down to Monticello to see and converse with his old
"friend," as he exipressed it. He spoke of the interview as affording
him a great deal of pleasure. Mr. Jefferson seemed to take a deep
interest in the new State, and said it was very important to start
right. They talked about the general provisions of the Constitution,
but there was nothitng that he entered into with so much spirit
as the cause of education. Upon that he dwelt as the main pillar
of the prosperity and character of the State.
Near the close of the interview Governor King said to Mr. Jef-
ferson, 'T wish you would write what you have said, putting it inta
the form of an Article to be incorporated into oiu- Constitution."
Thereupon Mr. Jefferson took his pen and wrote out the substance,
if not the exact words, of Article VIII., which was inserted
through the influence of Governor King.
SAMUEL P. BENSON.
Brunswick, Feb. 9, 1870.
(Collections of Maine Hist. Soc. Vol. 7, p. 241.)
k
Castle of Old Fort William Henry, Peniaquid Beach, Maine
HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS 179
STATE AID FOR MAINE HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS
The duty and niission of the Journal as we conceive it to be is to
confine its labors strictly to matters pertaining to the history of
Maine past and present.
While the editor personally has convictions of his own regarding
political, social, religious, and other questions of interest to the
general public, he refrains entirely from inflic'ting them in the
faintest degree upon the readers of the Journal.
()ur positive mtention is to keep its columns an open forum
where persons of all creeds can meet upon a common level in the
discussion and advocacy of all phases of Maine historical subjects
and nothing else whatsoever. The government of the state of
Maine, however, in its executive and legislative capacity frequently
has to do with policies and legislative measures relative to these
very subjects. It can make or mar, encourage or discourage, vital-
ize or blight, the public interest in wihat the Journal holds to be
vital in promoting patriotic ideals and developing good citizenship
in Maine. Hence we reserve the right to comment upon, commend
or criticize any of its acts an this regard. In pursuance of this
idea we have frequently called attention in these pages to its
strange policy during the past ten years in reversing its course for
half a century in aiding the publication of Maine historical books
written by Maine authors.
At the last session of the Maine legislature. Senator Metcalf of
Piscatac^uis introduced the following legislative bill:
Section i. The governor, by and with the advice and consent of the
council, shall appoint three persons, at least one of whom shall be a member
of the Maine tlistorical Society and another a professor of some college
within the state of Maine, who shall constitute and be known as the r^Iaine
Historical Conniiission, to serve without compensation, except their travel-
ing and other necessary expenses which shall be audited by the state auditor
and paid 1)y the state treasurer upon certificate of the state auditor, as pro-
vided by law. One of these persons, as selected by the governor upon the
first appointment, shall serve for three years, one for two years and one for
one year, and upon the expiration of the terms of each his successor shall
be appointed for the term of three. Any vacancy arising before the expira-
tion of a term of office shall he tilled ity appointment by the governor for
the residue of the term. The board shall elect a president, and make such
rules and orders for the regulation of its business and proceedings as it may
deem necessary.
Sect. 2. When state aid sliall l)e asked of the legislature to assi>t in the
pu])lication, editing or compiling any manuscripts, documents or writings
i8o SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
pertaining to the history of the state oi Maine, such manuscripts, documents
or writings shall first be submitted to said commissioners to examine and
review, who thereupon shall forthwith report to said legislature their ap-
proval or disapproval of, or suggest any desired changes in the same.
l"he editor of the Journal ably supported by Hon. H. E. Dunnack,
State Librarian, Mr. Charles A. Flagg, Librarian of the Bangor
Public Library, Mr. LeRoy L. Hight, of Augusta, \Vn:. Bonney,
of Bowdoinhani, former speaker of the Maine House of Repre-
sentatives, anvl State Treasurer. Joseph W. Simpson, of York,
appeared before the library committee in behalf of this bill.
The Committee reported "ought to pass in a new draft" the
following act uhich was passed and approved by Governor Milliken,
March 19, 1919:
An Act Providing for the Examination and Review of Historical flatter
for Publication of which State Aid is Asked of the Legislature.
When state aid shall be asked of the legislature to assist in publication,
editing or compiling of any manuscripts, documents, or writings pertaining'
to the history of the State of Maine, such manuscripts, documents, or writ-
ings, shall first be submitted to the state librarian and to a professor of
history of some college or university within the State of Maine, who shall
be appointed by the governor, which two, in conjunction with some member
of the Maine Historical Society to be selected by them, shall examine and
review such maiiuscripts, documents, or writing and shall report to the
legislature their approval or disapproval of or suggest changes in the same
We believe that in this Maine has taken an advanced step in the
direction of a more enlightened policy in reference to this subject
and that the act as finally passed is better than the Metcalf bill was
in its original form.
Under this law when any citizen of Maine believes he has pre-
pared a work of value upon an important state historical subject,
he can file it with the State Librarian, who will obey the mandate
of the state by organizing a committee as therein provided, who
will act upon it and make its report to the legislature. Such a
report favorable or unfavorable must of necessity have great weight
with that body. It will not in any sense depend upon the vagaries
or whims of an executive, or a legislative committee, and if publi-
cation is advised by the committee it will at least establish confidence
in the project.
INDEX
i«i
INDEX
Abbott, William
Adams, Charles Francis, Jr.
Adkius, Charles G.
Albee, John
Aldeu, John and Priseilla
Alexander. Setli
Alfred, beginnings of Shalver-
ism at,
converts to Shalverism at,
town of, liow it disposed of,
lSS(3-7 surplus
Allan, Col. John
Allen. William
William C.
Alphab<?tical index of Maine Rev-
olutionary pensioners IS, 68,
American Magazine, the
Andrews. Joseph
Mark
Robert
Androscoggin river fisheries
An^on Academ.v
Appleton, John, sketch of,
Nathan D.
Arnolil's (Benedict) Letters
Expedition, Indians with,
Aroostook War volunteers
Company roles of volunteers
in,
Asliman, Phineas
Atlantic and St. Lawren<>e R. R.
Atwood, Bphraim
Augusta, a social event of in
1854
first dam built
peace celebration
postofflce established
salmon taken at
Austin, Harry B.
:m.
61
158
58
14:;
14:!
89, 106
144
lis, 15;^.
4:!
5:^
13
71
1.59
25
100
72, 7:^
3, 6, 37
108
147
147-152
117
K!
14
166
159
1.3.3
12
159
1.58
B
Bagaduce Expedition, tlie
Bailey. Charles
Bangor, churches built
Commercial, the
conduct of British at, in War
of 1812
Court house
Daily News, the
first clerg.vman in.
meeting house in,
iirinting office in.
public building in,
H-'ii-'p. the
incorporated
origin of name
population
Public Library
sketch of. in early days
Weelvly Register, the
Barber, Susan
Barker. A«:)
Barnard. Daniel
Barnes, Benjamin
.John
B.'irrows, Fred D.
Bates College
Baxter. .Tames Pliinne.v 17, 38.
Manuscripts, tlie
Beauchamp. .John, grant to
Bennett. .Tames Gordon
Benson, Samuel P., letter of
18.
Berwick, town of
Biddeford Falls
Bingham Purchase, the
Biographic Gilmi)ses of Some
Maine Men
Bird, George E.
Black, Col. John
Blaine, .Tames (i.
Blair. Mrs. Lyman
Blossom, William
Bolton, Philip, discharge from
Revolutionary Army
Boothby, Col. Frederic
Boston and Portland post route
Globe, the
Bowden, C. H.
Bowdoin College
Bradbury. Capt. Jabez 51
Jeremiah '
Bradford. Chloe
Breretou. Sir William
Bridgton, Revolutionary sol-
diers of
Brocklebauk, Joseph
Brown, Barbara
Enoch
Samuel
Browsings in the Editor's
Library 34
I'.runswick. first settler of
Bunker, John E,, sketch of
Burgess, George (D. D,)
Burnham, Horace M.
Burr. Aaron
Burrage. Henry S.
Burton, Agnes
Alice Lewis
ancestry
Benjamin 50
Capt. Benjamin, sketch of
letter of
Betsey Barber 51
Chloe (Bradford) 51
Elizabeth 51
Hannah Church 51
Jane .e>i ?;.■?
.35
1.52
6
79-104
17
<i
79
101
12
140
176
11
82
i;»
25
.53
73
51
03
71
71
142
117
142
61. 107
04
104
169
69
36
17
53
50
53
, 51, 53
48
52
110,
111
.Tane (Rol)inson)
51
1.51
John
51
44
Mary
50
126
Rebecca
50
Sarah
51
126
Susan McCobb
51
45
Thomas
51
83
William
51
44
Burton's Fort
.5-1
44
attacked
53
45
Butler, Edward A.
17
4-1
45
:, 46
Buzzell. Thomas
43
44
44
47
c
ns.
15-'.
1".
Came. George W.
73
SO
Canals, evolution of.
15
51
Card. Alliert M.
1.35
71
Carey. Marv
50
71
Capt. Thomas
50
113
Carll, Mrs. E. C.
129
1-1",
Carman. Bliss
54
82
Carney. Thomas
53
■'>^
Carr. Congressman
1-^7
1.32,
173
Carrabassett river fisheries
1.50
.".■^
Carter. A. Warren
96
40
Ada Mav
96
K-l
Seth M.. sketch of.
96
177
Census of 1800. ^faine in.
28
i82 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
Chadwick, Josoph 37
Chaiiiberlaiu, Capt., Company
ill Aroo.stook War, 152
Chainpeiiiowiie, Capt. Francis 5S
Cliapiii, Artliur 134
Cliai)lin. Joliu, 71
Cliapiiiaii. Rev. Jacob 3o
Cliauucy, Cliarle.s 58, 59, 61)
Joanna 60
Mary 58, 59
epitaph of 57
the fascinating grave of 57
Samuel 60
Choate, Kbeueezer 71
Church, Hannah 51
Clap, Asa 125-
Clapp, Ebeneezer 117
Clark, William G. 71
Clason, (>. B. i:!4
Clough. Henry, Shaker mis-
.sionary in Main^ 142
Capt. Samuel 15
Cobb, Mathew 125
Cobscodk river fisheries 160
Coburn, Louise Helen 74
Coflin, Rev. Paul 171
Peter 143
Simon 143
Conant, Ebeneezer 114
Frederick D. 17
John 72
Conductors, early railroad Ki
Connor, Sam E. 82
Selden 17
Copeland. Thomas J. 80
Cornish. liCslie C. 91, 95, l-".:!
Cornville, Revolutionary sol-
diers" graves at
Correction, A
Corson, George E.
Cotton, .John
John P..
Crockett, G. Langdon
Crosby, S. P.
Cumberland County Courts
& Oxford Canal Co.,
Cushing, Anna (Merrill)
Caleb H.
Flora A.
Joseph W.
town of
Waitnvriglit, sketch of
William E.
Cutt, Bridget
Elizabeth
Mary
Richard
Robert
Sarah
Cutter. Levi
Cutts Cemetery at Kittery
Island
161
39
135
143
96
66
136
7(i
15
97
9S
98
97
48, 50, 52
97
98
58
58
58
58, 59
58
58
125
58
5s
D
Daggett, Windsor P.
33
Danforth. John H.
91
Partmonth College
92
l>av<'c, Nina Ij.
39
Davenport. Rev. Isaac D.
45
Da vies. Charles S.
4
De-iie. .Tohn Gilmore. sketch of
M
.Joseph
3
Mary G.
3
Rebecca
3
Deck*'r, Cai't. .Tuseiih
15
Decriiig. Henry
17
Delaiiois. Philippe
27
Derl>y (Ilinghani, Mas.s. Acade-
my)
2."i
Diugley, Frank Lambert — Eu-
gene Hale
Douglass, Joshua
Douty, Capt., Compjiny iu
Aroostook War
Dunnack. Henry K.
Dunning, Capt. ('. T.. Company
in Aroostook War
Dutton, Lawyer
E
98
71
148
66
1.50
127
Early road-building
11
Eastman. Xehemlah
51
Sarah (Burton)
51
Eastport Sentinel, the
105
Baton, A. W. H.
29
Virgil G., sketch of
.S2
Edes, Augusta
,S((
Itenjamin
71
Caroline
80
Charles
80
Edward
80
Family of Foxcroft
80
(ieorge
80
George V.
71,
80,
175
Mjircia
80
Peter
45
. SO
Samuel D.
S(
1. SI
. S2
Susan (^^'itherell)
SO
William Henry
80
P:ditorial
34. 61.
129.
167
Edwards. Eugene
S6
Ellis. Mrs. Francis A.
98
lOllsworth
3
Elw.vn. .Tohn
58
Emery, George A.
17
Capt. Thomas, Conii
)any in
Aroostook War
148
Fairfield, Governor
147
High Schools
2.5
Journal, the
2.")
Falmouth Gazette,
the
11
Farrow, Sophronia
i:!2
Fes.'--*n(len, Nicholas
i:!5
Fisheries, Maine river, in olden
days
1.5S
Flagg. Charles A.
17. IS. lis.
126.
, 153
Flanders, slave
105
Fletcher Lieut. T.
53
Follett. John
113
Folsom. Elizabeth
K.
i:!4
Ford. Capt. .Tohn.
Company in
Aroosto(d< W.ir
1.51
Foster. Asa el
71
Nathan W.
1.5S
Fove. John Smith
11
Free. H. A.
175
Freeman, Enoch
107,
110
X.-ithan
14:!
.Sanmel
76.
107
French and Indian
War
52
Frothiiigh.'im. .Tohn
76
Frye. William P.
OC)
Fryclmrg Academy
25.
163.
175
incoi'porated
162
Otficei-s in 18.39
162
G
GahaJi. Alice I'allcn
James S.
M.iria ^L
Gardii'er. Sir Cliristoplicr, stm-y
of.
Itobcrt llallowcll
(;i
167
INDEX
183
(ierrish, Joanna
60
Gilniau, Allen
46
Andrew
107,
110,
111
commission of
110
Charles
43
Gilmore, Evelyn L.
17
Mary
3
Glover, John
106
Goodenow, D.
72
Gorjres, Sir Ferdiuando
02
, 63
Jidiu
6:!
& Mason Grant
62
, 63
Robert
62
Thomas
64
Gorham, beginnings of
Sh
aker-
ism at,
142
end of the Shaker colony
at
144
Stephen
11
William
76
Gould. E. W.
135
Grandmother's Grandmother
poem
74
Grand Trunk R. R.
16
Grant, John L.
73
Greene, John
53
postofflce established
12
Greenleaf, Moses
9
, 7(i
Simon
^
5
Grindle family, the
28
(Jrove, Mary, story of.
6
V6n
(ioernsey, Frank E,
76
H
Joseph Pease 107
lauds on Penobscot river lOS. 10!t
lands, sale of to Massachusetts los
Messhall 107
Metagone lOS
Olenah 107
Pooler 107
I'overis 107
raid at St, George 40, 53
Sebatis lOS
Selmor Soctonah (Capt,) 106
Sewanockett 108
Soncier 108
treaties 171
wars 175
Indians, Abnaquies, language of 171
letter of four Chiefs 107
list of drugs used by Penob-
scot 70
Maine, at the Provincial Con-
gress 107
in tlie Revolution 105
Mohawks, the 10!)
monument to 111
Passamaouoddvs, the 105
letter of Geo, Washington to 106
pay-roll of, in Bagaduce Ex-
pedition 111
Penobscot, the 105, lOS, 100
St. John, the 105
Tarratine, the 48, 51, 52, 100
Wawenock, the 48
with Arnold's Expedition 108
Hale, Clarence
17
Eugene — Frank
L
imbert
Dingle.v
!(8
Frederick
100
Nathan
11
Hall, Brad.shaw
31, 32
Halliburton, George
28, 20
Hallowell Academy
175
Hamlin, Gen, Charles
102
Hammond, Capt.
127
Otis G.
30
Hancock County, divis
lOL
t'
:!0
Hasey, Benjamin
l<i7
Hathaway, Joshua
5
Hayward, John
72
Capt. John
71
Hebron Academy
ic.:;
first ti
•us
tees of
161
first town meeting au
d
offl
cers
16+
town divided
164
Heiskill, F. H.
17.".
Hibbard. Daniel
14:!
Hight. Leroy L.
17:!
Hill, Lawyer
127
Thomas A.
31, :!2
Hobbs, Orin
li)
Holmes, John
72,
73, 1
26, 16S
House, Major Charles
J.
147
How our State Educate
rs
Aid
the Study of Maine
H
ist
)ry
(•)7
Howard. D. M.
177
Howe, Jacob
12
Hume, Charles
l.-.i)
Hutchins, Rev. Melvin
S.
.m
Hutchinson, Elisha
172
Thomas
172
Ingalls, I'hiueas
71
Indian Chief, Orono
107
100
Sopiel Selmar
105
1(k;
Dennis Molly Selmar
106
Eneas
los
Joseph
107
Jacobs, Nathaniel
Jefferson, Thomas, and the
Maine constitution
Jones, Stephen
Jordan, Fritz N.
"Just Talks on Common Things "
K
177
117
17
65
Katahdin mountain 43
Keegan, Peter Charles 136
Kendall, Sarah 143
W, B, 173
Kenduskeag plantation 4."!
stream 43
Kennebec river fisheries 150
Kent, Edward 8, 46
Kilborn, Capt. John 71
Killerain, Edw.-ird 51
Elizabeth (Burton) 51
Kimball, John 71
King. Cvrus 168
Rufus 168
William (Governor) 168, 177, 178
Kingslniry, Ro.'scoe, obituary 165
Thomas R 165
Knox, Gen, Henry 24, W. 146, 1(!S
Kohl, J. H, 37, 3K
Ladd, Capt. William
Lane, .John
Lee, Ann 1
Lewis, Alice
James
Samuel, majt of Maine
Lewiston Journal, the
post otHc(> estal)lislied
Libby. Charles T.
Liiic(dn. Governor EnocI
Littk'tield, I.,ynian
106.
140.
107,
141,
15
108
142
50
40
120
12
17
16S
i84 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
Loudon Company, the
Long, Gov. John I).
Zailuc
Longlt'How, Ht'nry W
Stt'IllU'll
Loomis, Kl'v. Harvey
4!)
i:j
i:j
70, 125, 10.S
44
M
Macfarkiiie, IShincho B.
Cornelia S.
Duncan
Mary Ann
Victor Wells, .sketch of
Zauina
Madigau, Albert
John B., sketch of
Madison, Revolutionary sol-
diers' graves at
Mail carriers, early
Maine, beginnings of Shaker-
ism in
Central K. K.
Charity School
constitution
counties and poiiulatiou in 1701
109
11
46,
36,
36, 37, 38
development of its social life
Documentary History of
early lawyers
postmasters in
first hsliei'ies commission
postotlices in
postriders in
postroad in
railroad in
railroads of
savings bank in
Maine Historical Society
annual meeting
collections of
first meeting
president of
incorporation of
officers
organization of
Histoiical Publications, Stats Aid for
Legislative Act
History, how our State edu-
cators aid tlie study of
Indians in the Revolution
in U. S. census of 1800
Library Bulletin
map of Lewis'
Deane's
Greenleaf's
Men. Biographic Glimpses of
Some 7<j-
Monthly Magazine, the
notaries of 1803
revenue ofBcers of 1790
Revolutionary Pensioners, Al-
phabetical Index of IS, 68, 118,
river fisheries in olden da.vs
solmon, shad and alwive "fish-
eries
Senators of 1803
Shaker Communities of
State library
Sullivan's History of
wheat crop in is: ',9
Williamson's History of
Writers Research Club Scliool
Re.ader
list of stories chosen
for
Maine's Montpelier
Mallett. E. B.
Manning. Prentiss C.
Manson. ,T. W.
Mai) f>f Maine. liewis' 1794
104
104
102
102
102
104
95
95
1(!1
12
142
1()
45
177
i:!l
-171
37
5
12
158
11
11
11
176
10
125
1()7
17
61
167
36
107
17
36
179
179
105
28
06
2
9
9
104
43
175
175
15:;
158
158
175
i:i9
176
:>5
132
Deane's
Greenleafs
Marden, William V.
Margaret Goffe Moore Chapter
D. A. R.
Marshall, Frank D.
"Marten Stream in October."
poem
Martin, Rev. George A.
Xathaniel
Mason, Capt. John
Massachusetts Historical Society
Collections of
first president of
Mayo, Col. Edward J.
Eliza Ann (Sprague)
Eliz." M.
George E.
Cieorge F.
.John Gould
John Gould, Jr.
Josiah Bacon, sketch of
Mary E.
M.i.ior Walter J.
Mellen. Pi-entiss
ilerchants, earlv
:Merrill, Elizabeth P.
"Merry Dancers" the
Mitchell, Ammi R.
Montressor's Journal
Monvel, Monsieur
Journal of
Moody, Rev. Samuel
Moose-horns, the
Morton, Thomas
Mount iiope (Bangor) Cemetery
5, 125, 107
36,
Mc
McCobb, Susan
McFadden, E. W. & F. E.
McGaw, Jacob
McLellau. .Toseph
Lieut. William
McLellan's History of Gorhani
N
Negro slaves in the Revolution
Nelson. Job
New Gloucester, beginnings of
Shakerism at
New Hampshire Historical So-
ciety
"New Lighters" the
Nickerson. Martha
Noble, Nathan
Rev. Seth
Norridgewock, Revolutionai'y
Soldiers' graves at
Indian settlement at
North liangor
North Eastern Boundary
Norwa.v Advertiser, the
postofHce estal)lished at
Notes and Fragments
Nourse, Dr. Amos
Rev. Peter
Nowlen. Betsey
Noves. B. Lake
Edward D.
o
Oak. Heriah
i:!0
Calvin
24
Ed son
i:i()
Elizabeth
17
Grove Seminary
i:!4
Hannah
2
liawrence
9
39
161
30
128
174
71
62
35
61
35
89
<S9
89
90
.S9
8S
89
88
89
89
108
15
174
14:'.
117
37
06
66
30
17
03
46
51
2.5
1-27
107
105
11
i:!2,
105
n, 32
39
14:;
1((5
44
161
171
47
4-9
76
12
17()
5
33
29
17
113
115
li:;
116
25
113
113
INDEX
l8:
Lebbeus
Loreuzo
Lydia
Lyndon
Nathaniel ll"-^. H-. .IK'.
Revolutionary descendants of
01'=^ 11.,
Seth 11-'
Sylvanus
Oakes, Nathaniel ll-j.
Oalis, Daniel
(ieorge
John
Oldham, John
Old town Island 108.
Orono, Chief 107,
OiT, Benjamin
Oxford County Gleanings
lawyers in 1809
in 18.32
in 1834
militia in 18:i4
officers in 1809
in 1832
in 1834
postmasters in 18;!4
representatives in 1809
wheat crop in 1837
town of, established
first town meeting-
and officers
113
113
114
li:'.
117
112
112
11(5
115
117
115
112
114
63
109
109
IGS
1(;2
1G2
16:!
163
16:!
162
k;:!
163
16 !
162
16!
164
164
29, 55, 132
and
racknrd, Henry M.
Padelford, Rebecca
Seth
Paine, Albert W.
I'an (poem) in Memoriam Virgil
G. Eaton
Paris, first town meeting-
officers
Hill peace celebration
postofflce established
Parkhurst, Frederick H.
Parris, Albion K.
Edward L.
Capt. Josiah
Thomas
Parsons, Isaac
Memorial Library
Dr. TTsher
Patten, A. S.
Patterson. W. D.
Payson. Rev. Edward
Peiibody. John
Pease. Joseph
Penobscot County, organization of
Indians, list of drugs u.sed by
river fisheries
Pensioners. Alphabetical Index
of Maine Revolutionary
18, 68. 118
Pepperrell, Sir William
Perkins. Dnniel
Lucius M.
Perley. Daniel
Peters. John Andrew, sketcli ot
Pharmacy of the Red Man
Philbrick, Anna Simonton
Betsey Nowlen
Ellen"
Eunice
Gideon
Jane Snow
Martha
Mnry
Michael
Olive
3
100
85
165
133
12
39
126, 167
133
13:!
133
76
14:i
so
17
1(!7
71
107
:!1
7(1
160
40.
60
71
60
33
33
33
3'!
Rhoda
Samuel
Stephen
William
Zachariah
l>hillips, Bridget
letter of
William
Pierce, Leonard
Piscata(iuis County, first print-
er in
Farmer, the
Piscataquis Herald, the
Observer, the
Pleasant Point
Plummer. Stanley
Plymouth Company, the
Poland, beginnings of Shaker
ism at
postofflce established at
Porter. Capt., J Company u
Aroostook War
C. B.
Portland
and Boston post route
Saco & Portsmouth R. R.
Savings Institution, the
Willis' History of,
Postoffices, early Maine
first in Maine
Postriders. first in Maine
Postroad, first in Maine
Postroads, some early
Pote, Elisha
Powder Mills
Preble, Gen. Jedediah
William P.
Prentiss, Celia A.
Presumcot river
Prince, slave
Proctor. Cnpt. Thomas
Purchase. Thomas
33
33
33
33
33
172
172
172
95
SO
SI
80
81
48
71
4W
143
12
149
134
11
11
16
125
36
12
11
11
11
11, 12
14:!. 145
16. 17
107
5
98
158
105
52
64
R
16
171
17
60
112
Rnilroads. early Maine
Rasle. Fnther
Rnwson, Bpn.i;imin C.
Red Man, Pliarmacy of _
Revenue, surplus of 1S..6-*
Revolutionary descendents ot
Nathaniel Oak .
soidJS-f' - li^- yi;. '^-.r^w
118-12.5. 133. 14(). 1.1..-
157. 161
soldiers' graves in Madison
anil vicinitv
Rhode. Lonon. slave
Rice, F. Willis
John Ilovey
Richnrds. Lnnra E.
"Ricker Tliir', Tol.-ind
Ricker. Jabez
Rishworth, Edwanl
Roads in pioneer days
Robbins, Augustus
Roberts. Ambrose E.
Edward F.
Edward
Robinson. Mrs,
Jane
Moses
Rogers. Ann C.
Romeo, slnvp
Ross. Prof. Lel;«''
Howe Mrs. TI. C.
Rumford Falls
Russell. Edward
d A.
161
105
174
174
SO
143
143
172
10. 11
108
177
177
168
51
51
'>5
105
135
34
1.50
16"
i86 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
Siico river fisheries
St. Georges, fort erected at
German settlers at
Indiau raid on
region, the
River
Salmon Palls
Salmon, Shad and Alewives in
Maine Rivers
Siinborn, Fred W.
Sandy river fisheries
Sanford, beginnings of Shaker-
ism at
John
Peleg
town of. origin of name
Sargent, Charles
Savage, Albert Russell, sketch of
Sawin, William
Saw(iuid
Sawtelle, William Otis
Sawyer, Elmer W.
Sayings of Subscribers
Sayward, Jonathan
Seavey, Samuel
Seitz, Don C.
Selden, Calvin
Selmer. Dennis Mollv
Chief Sopiel
Seohciuet
Sewall, David
Harold M.
Shaker Comnumities of Maine
Hill. Alfred
Poland
Theology, the
Shakerisin. early histor
Shaw, Enoch
.Tustin Henry
Mason
Thomas C.
Simmons, Alice P. G.
Ann C.
Augustine, sketch of
Franklin
James D,
Simonton, Anna
:!9, 71, i:u.
10.1
of
1.52
40
4.S
4S
151*
158
7«
1,50
14:i
172
172
172
143
91
12
48
160
25
17:!
.30
11
71, 7<!
117
IOC.
IOC,
48
168
66
1.3!)
143
143
145
130
57
33
27
25
Slate (Uiarries
17
Slaves. Maine, in the Revolution
10.-,
Smar(l< n. (ieorge H.
173
Smith. Archibald
73
Edgar Crosby
3. 76. 07
Edward
46.
176
Peter, slave
105
Samuel
46,
176
Smyth, Lawrence T.
83
Snow. Aaron
33
.Tane
.33
Soctomah. Selmor
106
Soldiers, Aroostook War Volun-
teers
147
-K.-!
Revo]nti(,n;M-y 3 lS-2-l. 71. SO.
105
V-
118-125. 123, 14'-,
ir:;
1.57. 161
Some Kniglits of tlie Road
10
Somerset County, first newsii.-t
per in
so
.Tournal. the
80
Sons of AnK'rican Rcvolut inn
10-1
Southgate. Robert
70
Si.aulding. A. W.
135
Spragne. Eliza Ann
80
John F.
7C,
Stagecoach davs. end of
16
Staples, Arthur G.
6."
). 83
Starbird. Charles M.
48
Stephens, Charles AV.
31
Stevens, Jacob
John
Stevens' Mills
Stewart, David Dinsmore, sketch of
Stone, M'illiam
Storer, Alfred
Valentine
Stowell, Daniel
Strickland, Hastings
Siilliv.-in. liridget
Ebeneezer
James 35
John
William
Sullivan's History of the Dis-
trict of Maine
"Summer Streams", iioem
Suulniry
13
1:!
1.",
04
14
14.5
143
117
151
.35
35
36
35
35
54
44
Tarratines. the 4S. 51. 52
Teamsters, early 13, 14
dress of 14
Tcwksbury. John L. 174
Thaxter, Celia .57
John 58
Thayer, Dr. Frederick C. 133
"There Are No P.-ooks". iioimu 152
Thomas. Dr. A. O. 120. 130
Joseidi 117
Thomas ton 24
Thomi)son. Captai" Com]iany
in Aroostook War 148, 140
William 76
Thfirnton, Cornelius .5.3
Todd, Capt. Elwell P. 176
Towle. Capt.. Company in-
Aroostoook War I'"*
Tucker. Richard 64
Turner, town of, first merchant in 1",
Capt. Nymphas. Company in
Aroostook War 1 17
Ulmer. General
u
V
Vaughan. Dr. P>eniamin
Veazie Railroad, the
Voliuiteers. Aroostook War
168
177
147
w
AVaite. Enoch
AValdo Patent, the
Gen. Samuel
Walsli. Rt. Rev. Louis S.
War of 1812
Ward low. .Tane
AX'ardsworth. Gen. Peleg
A\'ashingto'n Academy
George, letter of. to Gen. Knox
letter of. to Pass;i
nnujuoddy Indian
AVaterford. i.ostoffice estalilislH'
AA'aferhouse. Governor
AA'.'iterman Cliarles E.
S;inniel P..
AVatcrville T>nl)lic T>ilir;iry
salmon t;iken at
AVaniencK'ks. tlie
Wi.l.l-er. P.MlI
Wel)sfer-.\shlmrton Tr(>aty
43
40
. 66
40
. 50
0*^
126
i:W.
140
51
175
ox
l(i8
I-
106
^il
12
15, 16
. 17
10.
1 ■•,<)
14
1",:;
l.-.O
48
INDEX
187
Wescott, William
11
Wiiidhiam, slaves
from, ill llevo-
West, Eunice
.■*>.■;
lution
105
Westbroolv (Tliomas)
4 )
Wing, George ('
i:',4
Weymouth. George
48
sketch of
S(>
Wheeler, Rev. A. D.
25
Henry E.
s:'.
George A.
135
^^'iscasset
11
White, Wallace II.
9<j
Witlierell. Susan
so
Wliitnian, Ezekiel
125
^Vood, Leoii.-nd
3S
Wliitnc.v, J. K.. letter of
126
Samuel
117
.John 0., obituary of
165
Y
Joshua
71
Williamson. William D.
•!5
3(i.
16S
Williamson's History of
Mi
line
'■V
), 4:!
York County Tea
cliers' Institute
Willis, William
35
36.
157.
171
otlicers an(
memliers
-.5. 132
Coin and Stamp Collectors
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GOU LD
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i88 SPRAGUE'S JOURNAL OF MAINE HISTORY
LIST OF PLATES IN VOL. VI.
Lewis' Map of Maiue 2
Maine's Montpelier -24
A Fisherman of Casco Bay 40
Bangor, Maine, in 1S39 42
Tombstone of Mary Chauncy 57
Bloeli House, Fort Kent 75
Jolin Andrew Peters 78
George V. Edes 81
Josiah Bacon Mayo 80
First law office of Ch. Justice Appleton, Sebec, Maine 101
Moosehead Lalie 137
Birtliplace of Ileiny W. Longfellow 138
Shaljer Churcli and Central House, Poland. Maine 141
Sbaker Village, Poland, Maine 144
Presumcot River Iij7
Castle of Fort William Henry, Penia(iuid, Maine 17S
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