State Grant Libraries

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CONTENTS

Introduction . ................ 2

Why State Aid for Public Libraries * .......... 4

Older Grants to Public Libraries ............ 4

Newer Forms of State Aid ... ^ ........ 5

Newer Forms of State Aid in Effect, 1942 ...... 8

Results* ........ ....... ..... 11

Policy Questions ..., ...... ... 11

The Legislative Campaign ............. 1&

Grants in Other Fields * ........ . . . 16

Selected References. .. ........ 19

Appendix ..... ....... ..... 25

Older State Grants to Public Libraries ...... , 24

Newer Forms of State Aid - Laws, Distribution,
Tables t

Arkansas ...... * ............. 26

Illinois .................... 29

Michigan .................... 32

New Jersey ................... 53

North Carolina ................. 54

Nova Scotia ................... 6O

Ohio ...................... 61

Pennsylvania ............... . 63

Vermont ....... ............. 65

Virginia .................... 66

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INTRODUCTION

This quiok revision of earlier compilations on state aid for publio
libraries has boon made in answer to insistent demands from state library
legislative and planning leaders for up-to-date facts in a rapidly changing
field.

State aid is basically important in war times* to meet new opportuni-
ties (as in defense areas), as well as in the long-time state program. It
must be considered in post-war library planning.

The wide variation possible from state to state , and the necessity of
adapting a plan for state aid to the particular situation was emphasized
at the Annual Conference of the A.L.A. in June, 1942, in a joint open meet-
ing of the Library Extension Board and Library Extension Division. The
threo papers on state aid administration in Michigan, North Carolina and
Pennsylvania are included in the Proceedings number of the A,L.A Bulletin*
September 15, 1942. For full accounts of programs in other states * see the
selected list of references.

This is frankly a tool, not a critical or comprehensive document . It
is the successor to "State Grants to Libraries and in Related Fields 11
(A.L.A., Sept. 1937 and Jan. 1936), with a slight change of title, and in-
cludes also material in "State Aid Policy Questions' 1 (A.L.A. Bulletin
30i887-91, Sept. 1936) and "State Aid for Libraries 11 by Judson T. Jennings
(A.L.A. Bulletin 30*75-79, Feb. 1936). It emphasises newer types of state
aid for large unit and state -wide library development (including text of
laws and some plans of allocation and other illustrative material, in an
appendix) j rather than the earlier type of small grants to local libraries.

State aid for school libraries is not within the scope of the compil-
ation, important as it is in school library development. A few references
are, however, included for the reader who wants to compare the two movements.

Additions and corrections will be welcomed by the compiler.

Julia Wright Merrill
August 15, 1942

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It Is hereby declared to be the policy of the state, as a part of its
provision for public education , to promote the establishment and develop*
ment of public library service throughout its various subdivisions

Preamble of the Library Law of

Washington State

For libraries > as for schools , the state should accept responsibility
for the provision of adequate service for all inhabitants. It should en-
courage the continuation and increase of local support, and should assume
a part of the cost of local libraries, through state appropriations to
supplement local funds, or to provide a minimum program.

From "A National Plan for Libraries 11
As Revised and Adopted by the
Council of the A.L.A., December,
1938.

The Council of the American Library Association, in session in
Chicago on December 31, 1935, reaffirms its interest in state aid for
libraries. It believes that increased demands for library service,
coupled with reduced library appropriations and the shifting of revenues
frpm local units to states, emphasise the need for financial help from
other than local sources.

The Council believes also that state aid for libraries would tend to
equalise the distribution of library facilities. The Council therefore
urges the Executive Board and the officials of the American Library Asso-
ciation to tako measures that will present this need to planning boards,
library associations, and library extension agencies in the various states.

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WHY STATE AID FOR PUBLIC LIBRARIES

The state has a responsibility for the informal education of all its
people through the public library, as well as for formal education through
the school. Yet millions of people are still without public library ser-
vice.

The state can equalise library opportunities between town and country,
and between sections that vary in their financial ability to support public
services.

Local revenues come largely from taxes on real estate, and are shrink-
ing rather than increasing. Tax limitation laws in a number of states set
a rigid ceiling on revenues, regardless of local needs. Many of the newer
taxes are collected by the state, which is therefore in a better position
to meet new demands.

State governments are increasingly taking over some local functions,
as road building * and sharing costs of others with counties and municipali-
ties, as in the case of schools and county agents.

Demands and needs for public library service increase in war times, as
they did in the depression, while pressure to reduce local expenditures is
strong.

State aid can be so administered as to stimulate local initiative and
support, to raise standards, and to extcourage organization of units large
enough to be effective*

OLDER GRANTS TO PUBLIC LIBRARIES

The principle of state grants to public libraries is by no means new.
Small grants for establishment and annually for maintenance of local public
libraries have been made in the New England and other eastam states for
many years, beginning with Massachusetts in 1890. An A.L.A. Committee on
State Aid reported* in 1896 grants in Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire**, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont. Delaware
and Maryland followed later ^

These grants vary from |1 to $600, and are usually contingent on local
expenditures and on meeting certain minimum standards* In general, they
are for book purchase from lists approved by the state library agency. Tho
Massachusetts law, however, leaves administration to the state agency,
which has included expenses of librarians at institutes and reorganising

'Library Journal 21s C 68-71, 1896

**Authorized by law, but appropriations not mado until some years lator.

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libraries* as well as books* The largest sum appropriated is $68,000 per
year in New York State. Detailed figures are given in the appendix.

These snail grants undoubtedly stimulated looal initiative in the
period of library establishment. They hare also given the state agencies
some leverage in setting standards and in building book collections. Com**
pared with state aid for schools, however * their effeot seems minor.

Provincial grants have been made for public libraries in Ontario since
1882* They are administered by the Public Libraries Branch of the Depart-
ment of Education and apportioned according to the amount expended for
books and periodicals, the maintenance of a reading room and branches, and
employment of a trained librarian, ranging from $5 to 1 2 10. The British
Columbia Public Library Commission and the Alberta and Saskatchewan de-
partments of education have also distributed grants on the basis of local
expenditures for books.

NEWER FORMS OF STATE AID

In March 1929* the importance of state aid in development of large
unit public libraries was emphasized by the A.L.A. Library Extension Com-
mittee (later a Board) in a resolutions "That the Committee recognize the
desirability of both state and federal aid for county libraries and include
them in the program. 11 In June 1950, it brought the matter to the attention
of the A.L.A. Council, which adopted the following resolution:

Resolved, that the Council of the A.L.A.
indorse the principle of state aid, in
generous amount, for county and other
large unit rural public library service.

The Committee v s annual report for 1929-50 includes an appendix on state aid.

The movement for national and state library planning, beginning in 1934,
gave new emphasis to state aid for state-wide public library development.
The "National Plan for Libraries", adopted in 1934 (and the revision adopted
in 1938) included a strong statement. In December 1935, the National Library
Planning Committee , the Library Extension Board, and the League of Library
Commissions, held a joint open meeting for discussion of state aid. Presi-
dent Wilson presided, and the discussion leader was Judson T. Jennings,
librarian of the Seattle Public Library, who was serving as chairman of
the Washington State Library Planning Committee. The next day, the Council
of the A.L.A., on motion of Mr. Jennings * reaffirmed its belief in state
aids

The Council of the American Library Association,
in session in Chicago on December 31, 1935* reaf-
firms its interest in state aid for libraries.
It believes that increased demands for library
service, coupled with reduced library appropri-
ations and the shifting of revenues from looal

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units to states, emphasise the need for financial
help from other than local sources*

The Council believes also that state aid for li-
braries should tend to equalise the distribution
of library facilities. The Council therefore
urges the Executive Board and the officials of
the American Library Association to take measures
that will present this need to planning boards*
library associations! and library extension
agencies in tho various states.

A follow-up committee , representing the three groups* met at once and
planned an intensive program of information and stimulation. This was car-
ried on through articles in the A.L.A. Bulletin, through mimeographed com-
pilations and leaflets* through field work* and through meetings* beginning
with an advance discussion meeting of the Library Extension Board at the
Richmond Conference* May 1936,

First Grants for large Units

New Jersey was the first state to make grants to county libraries by
cumulating the public and school library aid available under earlier laws*
according to the number of community and school branches and stations served.
This substantial aid* both in building up the first book collection* and
in keeping it live* undoubtedly contributed much to the steady spread of
county libraries up to the depression years. In 1942, out of 21 counties,
12 had county library service.

In New York* the same cumulation is possible* but there has been little
occasion for its use.

Long-time loans of books from state traveling library collections to
newly established county libraries are a usual form of state aid.

In Hawaii* the entire expense of operation of the four county libraries*
which serve all the Territory* is met by the Territorial legislature* though
the counties cooperate by providing quarters.

Bills calling for generous state grants for county libraries were in-
troduced in 1928* 1929 and 1930 in Louisiana* New York and Virginia* but
failed to carry. In 1932* the chairman of the Louisiana Library Commission
drew up and presented to the state tax commission a plan for a complete*
state-wide public library service* based on an annual state expenditure of
$2*000*000 - a plan which received serious consideration.

In 1931* however , the Pennsylvania legislature enacted a law carrying
an appropriation of $20,000 to encourage the establishment of county li-
braries by grants varying (inversely as to the population) of from 20J5 to

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12575 of the amount appropriated by the county, but not to exceed $2,500 to
any one. The amount of the state appropriation has inoreased steadily
since

Emergency Aid, 1935 and 1956

In 1935, to offset reduction of looal book funds during the depression*
the Illinois legislature appropriated $600,000 for the biennium 1935-37,
plus $10,000 for administration. This was the largest amount appropriated
up to that time for state aid to public libraries. New life v:as brought
to many an Illinois library by the fresh new books or important replace-
ments made possible by this emorgonoy aid. The Chicago Public Library, for
example, which had done practically no book buying for several years, was
ready to spend to good advantage large grants amounting to approximately
half of the $600,000. A companion bill for a mi!3ion dollars for regional
library development failed to carry, however, and later efforts to secure
funds for existing libraries were unsuccessful.

In 1936, when Pennsylvania suffered serious flood losses, the legis-
lature appropriated $100,000 for library rehabilitation.

Large Unit and General Grants , 1955 to Date

The year IS 35 marked the beginning of another continuing program, with
the appropriation of $100,000 by the Ohio legislature for the biennium
1935-36, the plan of allocation being left to the state library board. To
give some immediate aid, $200 was offered to any library applying for it by
August 1, 1935, if it certified that it had received some tax support for
the past three years, and agreed to work for increased local support and
improved standards and to follow the recommendations of the state library
as to selection and purchase of books. The second year's distribution,
howevor, which included tho largost part of the fund, was made on the basis
of a fiold survey by counties made by a field agent under an item of $6,000
for administration of the fund, and with the advice of a committee of the
state library association. Grunts varied from $600 to $1,000, according
to progress or constructive plans, particularly in the extension of service
to tho county.

Two proposals made in 1935 are worthy of record because they involved
sponsorship from outside the library profession oven though they fuilod to
produce immediate results. The Tennessee Educational Survey Commission's
recommendations to the legislature included $650,000 for a foundation
library program for the whole state. The West Virginia governor and his
director of the budget advocated and included in the proposed budget an
annual appropriation of $100,000 for state-wide development through regional
libraries.

The movement for large-scale state aid resulted in vigorous campaigns
in a do ten states in 1937, with organized citizen as well as library backing.

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First appropriations were made by three state legislatures j renewed appro-
priations by several. This activity has continued and gained increased
momentum. These legislative projects varied widely as to amounts, plans
for allocation, amount of discretion given the administering agency and
even the purpose for which state aid was to be used. For this reason the
acts as passed are given in full in the appendix. They warrant careful
study.

First appropriations came in the following orders

1937 - Arkansas, Michigan, Vermont

1938 Louisiana

1939 - Nova Scotia, New Hampshire

1941 - Michigan (renewed after a lapse of

one biennium) , North Carolina

1942 Virginia

Legislative efforts have been unsuccessful so far in Connecticut, Idaho,
Illinois (after the emergency appropriation), Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky,
Minnesota, Montana, Tennessee, Texas and Wisconsin, though foundations were
undoubtedly laid for the future* In Washington State in 1937 the legisla-
ture passed a state aid act for $400,000 by large majorities in both houses,
only to meet a veto by the governor on the ground of economy. While Louisiana
secured generous appropriations for demonstration by the state library com-
mission, a separate bill for $400,000 for 1940-42 for aid to existing libra-
ries was vetoed by the governor.

NEWER FORMS OF STATE AID IN EFFECT, 1942

State aid of the newer type, for demonstrations, for large unit service
to new areas, and for general state-wide library development, was available
in August, 1942, in eleven states, one territory, and two Canadian provinces,
as follows i

Arkansas, 1937 --

$120,000 appropriated for 1941-43 for state aid and for operation of
the state library commission ($100,000 Tor the two preceding bieimiums).
Of this $89,600 is for establishment and continuing aid to county and region-
al libraries, for books and personnel, under standards set by the library
commission for local support, personnel and service. (See Appendix)

British Columbia, 1939 --

$5,000 appropriated for 1941-42 in order to give special aid to the
three union district libraries ($1*000 before 1939 for the older type of
aid to individual local libraries).

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Hawaii. 1913

The Territorial legislature meets the entire operating expense of the
four county libraries which serve all the Territory, though the counties
cooperate by providing quarters. This was begun in 1913 when the Honolulu
city library and the Territorial library were merged* and was extended to
the other three counties as libraries were organised,

Louisiana. 1938

$144,820 appropriated for 1942*44 for regional and parish demonstra-
tions, under the sponsorship of the state library commission, as well as for
the regular commission activities ($200,760 for 1940-42, and $200,000 for
1938-40) .

Massachusetts

vll,000 for year 1942 ($10,900 in 1941) provides book automobile ser-
vice through regional library organisation in three regions of the state,
as well as aid to individual libraries.

Michigan, 1938-39, 1941

$500*000 appropriated for 1941-43 for state aid for existing libraries
and for development of new service. Detailed law divides the sum into an
equalization fund of 25 per cent for establishment, especially for county
and regional libraries; an administration fund of 2 per cent; and a general
fund for grants to existing libraries The state board for libraries is
authorized to set standards for personnel in administering the fund. The
act itself sets standards for local support, including a minimum of $6,000
by July, 1948. (Re-established after an interim of two years. Appropriating
section of the 1937 act for a continuing, annual appropriation of $500,000
had been repealed in 1939 in a last minute effort to balance the budget.)
(See Appendix)

New Hampshire , 1939

Provision for two regional book automobile services, begun in 1938 and
1940, was made in the regular budget of the state library commission for
1939-41 and 1941-43. Not called "state aid 11 but seems comparable to that
of other states.

New Jersey

Budget and work program for the state library commission for year 1942-
43 includes (l) grants to one newly established county library of $5,000
worth of books and $1,100 in cash for school library service, and (2) grants
to established county libraries of $8,000 in books and $7,200 in cash. (See
Appendix)

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North Carolina, 1941

|200,000 for 1941-45, a first appropriation for state aid for "promot-
ing, aiding and equalizing public library service. 11 The short aot empowers
the state library commission to plan allocation and set requirements. (See
Appendix)

Nora Scotia, 1959

A 1959 aot provided for grants for regional libraries in the ratio of
$1 to each $5 of local appropriations* Developments under this aot have
been delayed by the war. (See Appendix)

Ohio, 1955

1100,000 appropriated for state aid for 1941-42 ($100,000 for 1955-56,
$150,000 for 1957-58, $100,000 for 1959-40). The state library board, which
allocates funds under a very general law, has emphasized grants to one strong
library in each county to enable it to extend service to rural aroas , with
complete service on a county or regional basis as a goal. Small direct
grants have been made to other libraries where standards justify them* Funds
came in 1955 and 1957 through separate acts, but in 1959 and 1941 as part
of the appropriation for the state library. In 1959 an enabling aot em-
powering the state library to accept and administer state and federal aid,
directed the state library board to use the fund ft to increase, improve,
stimulate and equalize library service to the people of the whole state. H
(See Appendix)

Pennsylvania , 1951 ~

$55,000 appropriated for 1941-45 ($20,000 for 1951-55 increasing to
$40,000 for 1959-41) for state aid for encouragement of county libraries.
Allocations to individual counties by the state department of education,
which includes the state library, vary (inversely as to the population) from
20 per cent to 125 per cent of the amount appropriated by the county but not
more than $2,500. (See Appendix)

Vermont, 1957

$48,000 appropriated for 1941-45 for four regional library centers and
bookmobile services (begun in 1957 with a separate fund of $25,000 for the
biennium) and for the other activities of the state library commission.
Not called "state aid, 11 for it has become an integral and major part of the
state agency's service - but it seems comparable. (See Appendix)

Virginia, 1942 ~

$100,000 for 1942-44 as a first appropriation for state aid for state-
wide public library development, particularly in rural areas, with emphasis
on county and regional libraries, under standards set by the state library
board i with a condition that the sums should not become available unless
and until released by the governor on evidence that the expenditures will
not create a deficit. (See Appendix)

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RESULTS

A critical and impartial study of the effects of the newer state aid
programs is yet to be made. In some states certainly it is too soon for
such evaluation. Immediate results reported by state leaders in the sev-
eral states includet

Rapid spread of public library service to people

heretofore without it

Encouragement of units large enough to be effective
Stimulation of local effort and appropriations
Strengthening of existing libraries
Improvement of personnel

The administrative agencies have apparently avoided the danger of too
great state control. Their requirements have been mainly in the form of
minimum standards for size of unit, local effort* personnel and book selec-
tion. Field agents have interpreted the program and aided local and county
leaders in working out satisfactory plans adapted to the particular situa-
tion.

POLICY QUESTIONS

The A.L.A. Library Extension Board in 1936 considered the many ques-
tions of policy involved in preparing a specific plan for state aid in an
individual state, to be embodied in a bill or appropriation request* It
recognized the need to adapt state aid legislation to the pattern of the
particular state, as well as to the stage of library development already
reached % Instead of setting up and recommend ing any one plan, it offered
instead a discussion in the form of questions and answers. This was printed
in the A.L.A. Bulletin 30:887-91, September, 1936* As reprints made from
Bulletin type are no longer available, the material is included here for
convenience, with a very few changes of fact.

What are the purposes of state aid?

The individual librarian may be moved by the need to replace local
revenues that are shrinking as taxes shift to the state, or to provide ad-
ditional funds to meet ever increasing opportunities and demands for service.
From the standpoint of state library planning, however, the purposes arei
to provide library service for the people still without it; to assist prog-
ress toward a more nearly equalized library service; to set desirable stand-
ards and to aid communities to reach them, whether those standards concern
books or personnel or extension service or adult education. In other *>rds,
state aid can help put into effect the best possible state plan for library
service.

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From wt^at Bouroa should state funds be provided - the general state fund or
the proceeds of a special tax?

This is one of the questions on which there will be xnuoh diversity of
policy and practice among the 'various states.

Public administrators consider it undesirable to allocate proceeds of
special taxes to particular uses, preferring the more flexible general state
fund. In some states* however, the accepted practice is to provide a new
source of revenue, as a sales or gasoline or amusement tax* to meet each new
demand. Librarians will therefore need to study the practices of the particu-
lar state, in relation to state aid for schools and agricultural extension,
and to consult with legislative leaders as to policy and tactics. If there
seems to be no standard plan, provide an appropriation from the general state
fund in the first draft.

How should state funds be appropriated - in the general state budget, through
a special appropriation act, or as part of the appropriation for the
state library extension agency?

If the officers who prepare the official state budget can be so con-
vinced of the need of state aid for libraries that they will include an ap-
propriation in the official state budget which is recommended to the legis-
lature, the item is then in a preferred position. Often, however, a first
appropriation can only be secured through a soparate bill. In either case
the item should be distinct from the amount for the older activities of the
state library extension agency, though the two may stand side by side in the
state budget. The state aid fund should of course be appropriated to the
state library extension agency which is to administer it. The question of
what to do if thero is no such agency is discussed later.

What amount of money would be required?

For a fully developed state-wide program of public library service,
local, state, and federal appropriations should ultimately amount to an ade-
quate per capita figure for the population of the state. Pending fuller cost
studies, $1 per capita is considered a minimum figure for library service.
The Louisiana state aid proposal is that the state provide this amount, or
$2, 000 ,000, through appropriations increasing each year until the total is
reached; the Tennessee plan calls for twenty-five cents per capita from the
state, or $650,000, to be increased later to fifty cents for a thin service
to be supplemented by local funds. The present state average for local sup-
port is forty- two cents per capita, though one state, Massachusetts, is over
one dollar.* What is the figure for local support in the particular state
concerned? How much can this be raised by using state aid as a stimulus?
Would a total of fifty cents per capita provide a beginning program? What
amount per capita from the state would bring constructive results and not be
frittered away? Librarians will want to consult with leading laymen and

*Publio Library Service in the U.S. 1941. John C. Settelmayer. A.L.A,
Bulletin 56 i 399-402, June 1942.

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officers of state-wide citizen groups whose support is essential to success,
and to reinforce their own courage by studying the amounts their state is
appropriating in other fields.

On what basis should funds be apportioned - by population , or need , or other
formula ?

If the purpose of state aid is to equalise library service in some de-
gree and to provide library opportunity for all parts of the state, need
must neoessarily be taken into account. A trend in state aid for schools -
based on many years of experimentation - is toward equalisation formulas
which take into consideration (l) the amount needed to provide service of
a certain standard (involving, of course, the population to be served), and
(2) how much the locality could itself raise by a certain millage (based on
assessed valuations ). The state aid formula then aims to make up the dif-
ference. Some states go farther and provide minimum or foundation programs
from state funds, which localities supplement to any extent desired. Under
either plan the distinction between densely and sparsely populated areas is
given full consideration* State aid to libraries might well be distributed
according to a plan whioh takes into account effective areas of service,
population to be served, cost of library service of at least a minimum stand-
ard, present library appropriations and resources as shown by assessed val-
uations per capita.

How shall provision be made for service to new areas, in addition to assis-
tance to existing libraries?

Proceeds of a state tax should be spent for the benefit of all the
people of the state. The emergency state aid bill for existing libraries
in Illinois was accompanied by another, which failed to pass, providing a
larger sum for aid for rural service. It is sounder policy to combine the
two and to set up one state aid fund for both purposes. Some librarians
maintain that the large libraries should not share in the distribution - and
the Pennsylvania state aid is so defined. Such libraries may, however, need
to be centers for rural or metropolitan service. If an equalization plan
is adopted, they will not profit at the expense of rural areas. In any com-
plete plan, existing libraries and areas still to be served must be consid-
ered together. Try to prepare the bill so that the constituents of every
legislator will get some share of the appropriation.

On what conditions should grants be made?

To preserve local initiative and responsibility, state grants should
be in addition to continued local effort and appropriations. This is pro-
vided under an adequate equalisation plan. In some oases the legal limit
for local levies may need to be raised. To make for library progress, grants
should be so safeguarded as to aid communities in reaching desirable stand-
ards Such a plan can be flexible enough to provide a minimum service every-
where and to aid the better libraries to develop more intensive service.
It might imply cooperation or federation of libraries within districts or
regions of the state. Grants should not be permitted to make local appro-
priations unnecessary; to encourage complacency; to perpetuate struggling
inadequate libraries; to strengthen ineffective people in their positions.

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Should the use of pants be limited to specif io expenditures, as for books
and periodicals?

For emergency aid, this had a strong popular appeal , because book col-
lections were run down. In any long-time program, however, other factors,
such as high quality personnel, are as important and are legitimate objects
of state concern. If there is to be state certification should not the state
help provide the needed salaries? A state aid program should look toward the
development of all factors in an effective library service.

Shall state aid be for public libraries only?

By no means. Many of the states already have state aid for school li-
braries, usually administered by the department of education. A complete
plan should provide for correlated development of both; for example, by per-
mitting the state grant for a rural school library to be used for branch ser-
vice from a large unit library. State universities and teachers colleges are
already state supported but libraries of city colleges and universities may
need help. State aid might be used for the development of union catalogs and
for a complete lending system for unusual books needed for adult education
or research as well as for books and salaries.

How much detail is necessary in the proposed legislation?

The trend is definitely toward simple legislation which leaves details
for administrative decision* The best certification laws for example set
broad standards without including an elaborate plan which might be out of
date in a few years. In the case of state aid, there are often widely dif-
ferent conditions to be met in different sections of the state - for example,
lands which are to revert to forests will require unusual treatment - and a
progressive plan will be needed over a period of years. On the other hand,
olear-out legislation provides a safeguard against political interference.
The general policy of the state will determine the amount of detail which
must be included in the proposed legislation. The state library agency,
however, must be allowed wide discretion in the application of the program
to varying conditions.

Should state aid be considered in a state without a state library extension
agenoy?

Obviously an administrative agency is necessary. If one is lacking, or
exists on paper only, the first act and appropriation might provide for the
agenoy as well as for state grants. This was the proposal made by the gov-
ernor of West Virginia and written into his official budget in 1935. Such a
plan seems to be a sound approach to this particular problem.

Are there dangers from partisan politics V

Undoubtedly, for the state library agencies have already suffered from
politics without the attraction of state aid. Librarians have not given up
efforts to establish state agencies, however. State aid for schools over a
long period of years has been administered reasonably well in spite of the

same danger* The aroused and organ! tod citizen interest which oan put state
aid for libraries through the legislature must be kept alert to the importance
of safeguarding the state }}t>r*ry agency* Application of oertif ioation re-
quirements to the state library agency, as well as to the libraries of the
state, is a protection, or state civil service, or even some statement as to
qualifications and tenure in the law providing for the state agency.

Who shall make a speoifio plan for state aid?

The state library planning committee, a suboomittee of it, a special
committee of the state library association, or the legislative committee,
depending upon the polioy of the state and the decision of the officers of
the state library association and the state library agency. The legislative
committee is of course concerned with translating the plan into aotion and
its chairman might well be a member of any special committee on state aid.
For the same reason, leading laymen or officers of state- wide organisations
should participate in plans and decisions as well as in action* Moreover,
they may have a greater familiarity than librarians with state policies and
the several forms of state aid already in operation. Legal help will be
needed in formulating a plan as well as in the later drafting* An active
member of the committee in the oapital city has access to many sources of
needed information.

How oan the needed facts be secured?

The facts as to people with and without library service, the present
support of libraries, and other library background may be available from the
state library extension agenoy or have been already assembled or made graphic
by the library planning committee. Detailed population figures, assessed
valuation by counties, and other general statistics can easily be obtained
from state publications or from offices of the tax commission and secretary
of state. Programs of state aid for schools oan be obtained from the state
department of education, supplemented often by publications or information
in state offices of the state education association, or such agencies as the
League of Women Voters, State Congress of Parents and Teachers, and American
Association of University Women. Get information about state agricultural
extension from the publications of the state college of agriculture or
through consultation with the director of extension. The secretary or con-
sultant of the official state planning board will have much basic informa-
tion assembled in his office, often spread on maps or in printed or mimeo-
graphed reports. A good legislative reference library can be helpful all
along the line.

- 16 -

THE LEGISLATIVE CAMPAIGN

To secure state aid legislation or appropriation obviously calls for a
highly organised, rigorous campaign, often over several years, under the
leadership of the state library association, the state library extension
agency, and the state trustee or friends or citizen organization. It re-
quires imagination, boldness, persistence, and patience.

Active participation is secured of such state-wide groups as the Feder-
ation of Labor, Farm Bureau and Grange, service clubs, League of Women Voters,
Congress of Parents and Teachers, Federation of Women's Clubs, American As-
sociation of University Women, Legion Auxiliary, and Business and Professional
Women.

Publicity is carried on by means of circular letters, leaflets, copies
of the bill, newspaper artiolas, editorials and interviews, radio broadcasts,
and speakers at meetings.

Members of the legislature are interviewed while still candidates, be-
fore the session, at home during week-ends and recesses and in the capital.
Telegrams and letters pour in to them at the capital and library delegations
appear at committee hearings.

The governor is often consulted at an early stage and his support sought*
Public opinion is focused on him when the bill has passed the legislature and
awaits his signature.

Sponsorship in both houses of the legislature by members of high stand-
ing is essential. This involves not only introduction of the bills, but
active backing.

Legislative steering during the session may call for continuous library
representation at the state capital as well as for many trips on the part of
campaign leaders. Some funds to meet necessary expenses must be made avail-
able by the state library association or other interested group.

GRANTS IN OTHER FIELDS

Agricultural Extension

The far-flung system of county agricultural agents, county home demon-
stration agents, and county boys 1 and girls 1 club leaders (probably the largest
existing system of adult education) is based on federal and state subsidies
under the Smith- Lever Act of 1914, supplemented by the Capper-Ketoham, Bank-
head-Jones, and othar acts. State administration is carried on by the land
grant colleges and thoir agricultural extension directors. In 1940, the
states employed 2,258 extension directors and assistant directors, district
leaders or supervisors of county extension agents and subject matter spe-
cialists.*

"Agricultural Statistics, 1941. U,S. Dept. of Agriculture. Government
Printing Office, 1941. p. 716.

- 17 -

In the counties, there were 6,698 county agents, home demonstration agents,
and olub leaders. The decision to employ a county agent is made locally,
and some counties have still to take that step, while others have several
agents The division of oost between federal* state and county funds varies
widely from state to state. There is general agreement that the cooperative
extension service has done much to develop rural leadership and stimulate
community activities, in addition to raising standards of living and ink-
proving production.

Social Security and Health

State-wide programs have developed rapidly under the Social Security
Act of 1955 and corresponding state legislation, in old age assistance, aid
to the blind and to dependent children, maternal and child health services ,
public health, child welfare, vocational rehabilitation and unemployment
compensation. Administration of the program is in the hands of the state
agency, which sets up a state plan within the general framework of the act.
Federal grants are contingent on larger state grants, the proportion varying
from one field to another. Federal grants for 1940-41 amounted to
1895,586,000.*

State grants to localities for roads began in New Jersey in 1891 and
had spread to all the states by 1917. The first stage, according to Leonard
D. White** "provided state aid with county initiative and limited state regu-
lation; the second step established close state supervision, while the third
and last stage included the construction of state systems of highways, under
the exclusive jurisdiction of the state, but at the same time continuing the
policy of grants-in-aid for less important roads." Large federal subsidies
stimulated the program and led to closer supervision by the state* Federal
Subsidies amounted to more than $300,000,000 in 1938, state grants and local
expenditures to approximately $1,750,000,000.***

Schools

State grants have contributed largely to the development of public
school systems. Beginning with land grants in colonial days, and closely
related later to federal land grants, the principle of state responsibility
was written into early state constitutions and carried out in laws and appro-
priations. Today every state is sharing to some degree in the support of

*Statistioal Abstract of the U.S. 1941. Government Printing Office, 1942.

p. 416*
**Trends in Public Administration. Leonard D. White. McGraw-Hill, 1955.

p. 115- 16.
***Aaarioan State Government and Administration. Austin F. Uaodonald. Rev.

ed. Crowe 11, 1940. p. 604, 505.

- 18 -

Its school a. The total for all states in 19S7 was $630,000,000 - an increase
of 60 per oent in six years.* "Delaware provides the most conspicuous ex*
ample of state-financed education; its establishment of a state-managed school
system has necessitated complete state support. Half the cost of the Call-
fornia and West Virginia school systems is paid from state appropriations,
and in North Carolina, the percentage of state support is even higher.**

Aid to special types of education developed through state matching of
federal grants for the teaching of agriculture , home economics and trades or
industrial occupations (Smith-Hughes and George-Reed Acts of 1917 and 1929) .
State appropriations in this field in 1939 amounted to over nine million
dollars. The federal government in 1940 appropriated 117,916,164**. In
fourteen states, these federal and state funds are administered by special
state boards for vocational education; in the remainder by the state depart-
ment of education. The National Advisory Committee on Education and a number
of leading educators agree that it throws the educational program out of bal-
ance thus to single out special subjects in the school curriculum.

Earlier sources of state aid, as permanent educational funds leases of
school lands, and property taxes, have in recent years been increasingly sup-
plemented by earmarked taxes on incomes, estates and inheritances, corpora-
tions and franchises, sales and commodities, and intangibles.

American State Goverment and Administration. Austin F. Maodonald. Rev.

ed. Crowell, 1940. p. 464 and 463.
Statistical Abstract of the U.S. 1941. Government Printing Office, 1942.

p. 155.

SELECTED REFERENCES

General

A.L.A. Library Extension Board. Annual Reports. A.L.A. Bulletin, annual
reports number. (For annual summaries of progress. Also state aid
appendix to report for 1929-30)

Gantt, Edith. Rural Service as Seen from Washington. A.L.A. Bulletin
52 t 867-69, Oct. 15, 1958.

Governors Express Interest in State Aid. A.L.A. Bulletin 31:974, Deo. 1957.

Jennings, J. T. State Aid for Libraries. A.L.A. Bulletin 30*75-79, Feb.
1956.

Joeokel, C. B. Design for a Regional Library Service Unit. Library
Quarterly 12 i 571-82, July 1942.

Government of the American Public Library. University of Chicago

Press, 1935.

Long, H. C. Books Where There Are No Books. A.L.A. Bulletin 32:747-52,
Oot. 15, 1938.

Merrill, J. W. State Aid Discussions at Richmond. A.L.A. Bulletin 30:557-
58, July 1936.

State Aid To Be Sought in 1939. A.L.A. Bulletin 32*1044-45, Deo. 1938.

Miles, Arnold and Martin, Lowell. Public Administration and the Library.
University of Chicago Press, 1941.

A National Plan for Libraries. A.L.A. Bulletin 33:136-50, Feb. 1939.
(also reprints)

Polk, W. T* State Aid in the South. A.L.A. Bulletin 31:10-12, Jan. 1937.
State Aid at the New York Conference. A.L.A. Bulletin 31:472-73, Aug. 1937.
State Aid Policy Questions. A.L.A. Bulletin 30:887-91, Sept. 1936.

Tolwan, F. L. The Need of State Grants To Promote County Library Development,
New York Libraries 12:56-37, Feb. 1930; Illinois Libraries 12:6-8,
Jan* 1930j North Carolina Library Bulletin 7:254-37, March 1930.

Trustees Endorse State and Federal Aid. A.L.A. Bulletin 33:73-74, Feb. 1939.

- 20 -

Waohtel, Lee, .State Provisions for the Support of Municipal Public Libraries
and Some Comparisons with State Provisions for the Support of Publio
Schools. Library Quarterly Ss 373-89, Oct. 1933.

Wilson, L. R. Matching Funds Seen as Trend by Dean Wilson. A.L.A. Bulletin
31*75-76. Feb. 1937.

Individual States

Beal, Marjorie. State Aid for State-Wide Library Development: North
Carolina. A.L.A. Bulletin 36s Sept. 15, 1942.

Coffey, Hobart. What Is Happening in Michigan. A.L.A. Bulletin 32:513-17,
Aug. 1958.

Foutts, J. C. State Aid and Library Planning in Ohio. Library Journal
61)18-21, Jan. 1, 1936.

Fyan, Mrs. L. D. State Aid for State-Wide Library Development: Michigan.
A.L.A, Bulletin 36s Sept. 15, 1942.

Two Steps Forward and One Step Back. (Michigan) Library Journal

64:636-39, Sept. 1, 1939.

Keator, A. D. State Aid for State-Wide Development: Pennsylvania.
A.L.A. Bulletin 36s Sept. 15, 1942.

Moody, Pauline. Better Library Movement of Vermont. A.L.A. Bulletin
31i884-87, Oct. 15, 1937.

Noon, P. A. T. Five Years of State Aid in Ohio. A.L.A. Bulletin 34s73-77,
Feb. 1940.

Ohio State Library - A Six Year Picture. Library Journal 65s 426-29,

May 15, 1940.

Price, A. M. Illinois Progress in State Aid. Library Journal 61s 301-6,
April 15, 1936.

Randolph, Dorothy. State Aid for Vermont. A.L.A. Bulletin 31s 965-67,
Deo. 1937.

Vermont's Regional Library Centers. A.L.A. Bulletin 36sl8-23, Jan.1942.

Rawlinson, A. H. Arkansas, A.L.A. Bulletin 32s900-3, Oct. 15, 1938.
Arkansas 1 Use of State Aid. A.L.A. Bulletin 32*167-69, March 1938.

See also bulletins and reports of the state library agencies administering
state aid.

- 21 -

Campaigning

Harris, M. M. Dig. A.L.A. Bulletin 32*681-83, Oct. 1938.
Libraries Need State Aid. A.L.A. 1937. (Pbpular leaflet)

Noon. P. A. T. Ohio 1 Successful Campaign for State Aid. Library Journal
62 s 277-78, April 1. 1937.

Michigan Library Association , Special Committee on Information. Legislative
Campaign of the Michigan Library Association. A.L.A. 1938. min*o.

Public Support Behind State Library Campaigns. A.L.A. Bulletin SliSl-32,
Jan. 1937.

VanderVries, Mrs. B. T. A Legislator's View of Lobbyists. A.L.A. Bulletin
32*171-72, March 1938.

Viti* Carl. Working with a Legislature. A.L.A. 1933. (Leads No. 2) mimeo.

School Libraries

Covert, Tiraon. Financing of Schools as a Function of State Departments of
Education. U. S. Office of Education. Bulletin 1940, No. 6,
Monograph No. 3.

Defferibaugih, W. S. and Keeseoker, W. W. State Boards of Education and
Chief State School Officers* Their Status and Legal Powers. U. S.
Office of Education. Bulletin 1940, No. 6, Monograph No. 1.

Lathrop, E. A. State Financial Support for School Libraries. School
Life 27s 89-92, Deo. 1941.

and Keeaeoker, W. W. Laws Affecting School Libraries. U.S. Office

of Education. Bulletin 1940, No. 7.

In Other Fields

Bittennann, H. J. State and Federal Grants -in- Aid. Mentaer, 1938.

Covert, Tixnon. Financing of Schools as a Function of State Departments
of Education. U.S. Office of Education. Bulletin 1940, No. 6.
Monograph No. 5.

Joeokel, C. B. A General Survey of the Grant- in-Aid System. A.L.A,
Bulletin 30 i 147-49, March 1936.

- 22 -

Maodonald, A. P. American State Government and Administration* Rer. ed.
Crowell, 1940,

Mort, Paul and others. State Support for Public Education, national Survey
of Sohool Finances. American Council on Education, 1935.

Strayerj G. D. Centralising Tendencies in the Administration of Public
Education* Contribution to Education , No. 618. Teachers College,
Columbia University, 1934.

White, L. D. Trends in Public Administration. Recent Social Trends
Monographs. McGraw-Hill , 1953.

- W- Appendix

APPENDIX

Page

Older State Grant* to Public Libraries. . . * . 24

Sewer Forms of State Aid - laws. Distribution*
Tables*

Arkansas 26

Illinois 29

Michigan 32

New Jersey 53

North Carolina 64

Nova Sootia 60

Ohio 61

Pennsylvania ......... 63

Vermont ........ 65

Virginia 66

- 24 -

OLDER STATE GRANTS TO PUBLIC LIBRARIES*

Connecticut

Establishment. Not to exceed $200 in books and not to exceed amount
expended by the town, provided the state librafy agency approves
the plan of operation. A second library in a town cannot secure
an establishment grant.

Annually* In books, not to exceed the amount appropriated by the
town, but not over $100; but in towns whose average annual tax
receipts are under $25,000, library funds from any source may
be counted. Libraries applying must file an annual report with
the state library agency.

Amount available. $17,500 for 1941-42.

Delaware

Establishment. Sum equal to 50% of the amount raised by the district.
Annually. A sum equal to one-half that amount, for books.
Amount available, $5,300 for 1941-42.

thine

Establishment. Sum equal to 50?5 of amount appropriated by town, up

to $100.
Annually. For the purchase of books, a sum equal to from 4/ to 10%

of the total local appropriation (inversely as to size) but not

over $200.
Amount available. $8,750 for 1941-42.

Maryland

Establishment. Not more than $100 for books.
Amount available. None in some years.

Massachusetts

Annually. Aid to small libraries includes the gifts of books, re-
organization of libraries, and expenses of librarians at library
institutes. The fund also provides book automobile service
through regional library organization in three regions of the
state.

Amount available. $10,900 for 1941; $11,000 for 1942.

New Hampshire

Establishment. $100 for books.

Annually. Not exceeding $100 for books, to libraries in towns whose
apportionment of the state tax is $1 or less, if the libraries
are doing "practical and efficient work for the public benefit. 11

Amount available. $1,000 per year for 1942*43.

From letters from state library agencies.

- 26 -

Haw Jersey

Annually. Not to exceed $100 for books, for libraries with no more

than 5,000 volumes, provided library spends same amount.
Amount available. P&rt of state aid fund which also covers grants to

oounty libraries.
See also "First Grants for large Units 11 and "Newer Forms of State Aid

in Effect, 1942".

New York

Annually. $100 for approved books, to registered libraries whioh

meet the standards set by the Regents and spend as muoh from

their own funds.
Amount available. $68,000 for 1942-43 plus $7,046 from deficiency

fund (1941-42). (This fund is safeguarded by being taken from

the income of the United States deposit fund and by provision of

the State Education Law.)

Rhode Island

Annually. For the purchase of books, not to exceed $50 for the first
500 volumes, and $25 for each additional 500 volumes in the
library, but not to exceed $500 to one library. Also an allow-
ance for increase of salaries of librarians not receiving over
$500. Libraries must comply with rules of the department.

Amount available. $14,000 for 1942-43.

Vermont

Establishment. $100 for books.

Annually. Not exceeding $100 for purchase of books, to libraries
making certain local expenditures, varying with the assessed
valuation.

Amount available. Small amount being used for state institutions.

See also new appropriation for regional library centers and book-
mobile service.

- 26 -

ARKANSAS
Acts, 1941, No. 230

An Act to make appropriation for the operation of the Arkansas Library
Commission.

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas s

Seo. 1. There is hereby appropriated * to be payable from the sales
tax collections going to the Free Textbook Fund, for the operation, main-
tenance and expenses of the Arkansas Library Commission, the following!

For the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1942

(1) Salary of Librarian. . |2,700

(2) Salary of One Clerical Assistant 1,200

(3) Salary of Extra Help 800

(4) Library Books, Periodicals, otc 3,700

(5) Office Maintenance 1,800

(6) Travel Expense . . . . 1,200

(7) Office Equipment 300

(8) Aid to County Libraries 38,300

(9) Aid to Establish County Libraries

(Book Purchases). 10,000

Total $60,000

For the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1943

(1) Salary of Librarian $2,700

(2) Salary of One Clerical Assistant , 1,200

(3) Salary of Extra Help 800

(4) Library Books, Periodicals, etc 3,700

(5) Office Maintenance * . . . 1,800

(6) Travel Expense * 1,200

(7) Office Equipment 300

(8) Aid to County Libraries 38,300

(9) Aid to Establish County Libraries

(Book Purchases) 10 ,000

Total $60,000

Sec. 2. If the disbursing officer should determine that any item or
portion thereof appropriated herein for a specific purpose is not needed for
such purpose, he may certify such fact to the State Comptroller and Governor,
and the Governor may, at his discretion, cause transfer to be made from one
item to another.

Approved March 26, 1941

- 27 -

ARKANSAS STATE AID DISTRIBUTION

From Arkansas State Library Commission Mimeographed
Publication Number 20 , Aug. 5, 1941

State Aid to County Libraries

The following general principles governing the distribution of state
aid to new qualifying county libraries have been approved by the Arkansas
State Library Commission and will be followed in the distribution of funds
available for this purpose.

1. Aid shall be given only to libraries giving county library
service according to Act 244 of Acts of Arkansas, 1927, and entitled*
An Act to Authorize Counties to Establish and Maintain County Free
Libraries .

2. Aid is granted on a basis of providing the minimum collection
necessary to undertake county-wide library service.

3. Not more than one library in a county shall receive aid and
this library, located in the county seat, shall serve as an adminis-
tration center for county library service to the whole county.

4. As long as funds are available, grants shall be made to the
various counties, in the order in which they assume their obligations
provided that within three months after the obligations are assumed
definite steps shall have boen taken towards meeting them.

5. Two or more counties may combine their state aid for the es-
tablishment of one library serving the region, provided the amount of
state aid does not exceed $20,000.

6. All libraries receiving $8,000 or over state aid shall have
at least one graduate of an accredited library school on the staff.
Those receiving less than $8,000 shall have at least one member on the
staff who has been a student in an accredited library school for three
months .

7. State aid may be granted where needed, for assistance in the
personnel expense of a county to the extent of 25% of the annual funds
allocated to that county for aid not to excead six hundred dollars a
year, provided contracting county shall from its local funds spend 50?
of this personnel oxpense.

8. State aid for books and the book collections purchased with
state aid shall average the following proportional

Children's Books 50?J of the fund

Adult Fiction 20?2 of the fund

Adult Kfon Fiction Zb% of the fund

Magazines and Newspapers 5% of the fund

- 28 - (Arkansas)

9. Service of books provided by state aid shall be free and given
to all parts of the oounty through suoh methods as the County Library
Board and the Librarian shall deem advisable.

10. All books purchased frith state aid funds remain the property of
the Arkansas Library Commission and are on an indefinite loan to the
oounty. The Commission reserves the right to withdraw all its books
from a library not rendering effective service.

11. The initial selection of books to be purchased with state aid
funds for a countv liorary shall be made locally and the titles must
be approved by the Commission before the books are bought.

12. Libraries which qualify for funds available to the Commission
before July 1, 1942, will not be given nore than 5C$ of their grant by
that date arid the remaining part by July 1, 1943.

15. The obligations of the county shall consist of supplying ade-
quate quarters, personnel, supplies* and means of distribution through-
out the county.

14. The minimum salary to be paid any qualified oounty librarian
shall be |600.00 annually.

State Aid to Established County Libraries

The following principles governing distribution of continuation aid to
established County Libraries have been approved by the Arkansas State Library
Commission and will be followed in the distribution of funds available for
this purpose.

1. All county libraries established prior to July 1, 1941, shall
receive 15% of their original biennial allocation, 50? of this sum to
be a-vailable each fiscal year of this biennium.

2. All county libraries established prior to July 1, 1941, shall
be allowed 7^ of thoir original biennial allocation, for trained
personnel service, 5($ of this sum available in twelve equal payments
each fiscal year of this biennium, provided said County will set aside
an equal amount to be known as the County Library Book Fund. This
fund is to be used to purchase additional books for county service.

- 29 - (Emergency Act. In

effect 1935-57 only)

ILLINOIS
Laws, 1955, p. 185

An Act making an appropriation for the relief and aid of free tax supported
public libraries.

Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, represented in
the General Assembly*

Sec. 1. There is here appropriated to the Secretary of State for the
Library Extension Division of the State Library the sum of |610,000, or so
much thereof as may be neoessary until the expiration of the first fiscal
quarter after the adjournment of the next regular session of the General
Assembly!

(a) $600,000 for the purpose of purchasing books and periodicals for
the free tax supported public libraries of Illinois.

(b) $10,000 to pay for expenses incurred in the administration of this
Act.

Sec. 2. This appropriation shall be used for the purchase of books and
periodicals for free tax supported public libraries in all parts of the
State and shall be allocated and distributed to such public libraries as far
as is practicable according to the population of the counties, townships,
villages and cities in which the libraries are located. All public libra-
ries in counties, cities, townships and villages and other free tax sup-
ported public libraries, which are established or to be established under
the law, shall be entitled to apply to the Secretary of State for tho allo-
cation of moneys from said fund for the purchase of books and periodicals
for their reading and reference rooms and for use of and circulation among
inhabitants; that no moneys shall be allocated to or disbursed for any
public library for the purchase of books and periodicals except for books
and periodicals upon a list or lists approved and submitted to the Secretary
of State by the Board of Trustees of the public library; that all applica-
tions to the Secretary of State for the allocation of moneys under this Act
for the purchase of books and periodicals shall be in writing and shall be
approved by the Board of Trustees of the library making such application and
signed by the President or Chairman of the Library Board; that moneys under
this Act shall be expended only by the Secretary of State; that all orders
and directions of the Secretary of State for the allocation of the funds to
any public library shall be in writing and shall be addressed and delivered
to the President or Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the public library
and shall specify the amount of money so allocated; that all vouchers for
books and periodicals so purchased, before payment by the Secretary of State,
shall be approved by the President or Chairman of the Board of Trustees of
the public library.

Sec* 5. Tho appropriation herein made is subject to the provisions of
11 An Act in relation to State finance, 11 approved June 10, 1919, as amended.

- 30 * (Illinois)

ILLINOIS EMERGENCY FtJNt) - RULES FOR DISTRIBUTION

RECOMMENDATIONS from the

Advisory Committee to the Secretary
of State for the expenditure of the
appropriation made by the last Gen-
eral Assembly "for the relief and
aid of free tax-* supported publio
libraries. "

THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE was appointed by the President of the Illinois
Library Association, Professor P. L. Windsor, to assist in drafting a def-
inite plan for the allocation and distribution of the $600,000.00 fund ap-
propriated by the last General Assembly "for the relief and aid of free tax-
supported public libraries."

The following recommendations were made regarding!

ALLOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION

$300,000.00 to be allocated among existing libraries legally estab-
lished on October 23, 1935 for expenditures during the fiscal year of the
biennium, which year ends June 30, 1936.

The basis of allocation for the population of the counties, townships,
villages and cities in which the libraries are located and in determining
the population the last Federal Census, that of 1930, shall be used.

APPLICATION FOR MONEY IN FUND

All applications should be sent to the Executive Secretary, Library
Relief Fund, Room 4, Centennial Building, Springfield, Illinois.

All applications should be made on forms provided by the Executive
Secretary.

All applications must have the approval of the Board of Trustees of
the Library and signed by the President or Chairman of the Library Board.

USE OF MONEY

The appropriation must be used for the purchase of "books and periodi-
cals from a list or lists approved." The Advisory Committee calls to mind
the thought "that a balanced and well-rounded list of books might well
include a certain portion for children, a certain portion of non- fiction as
well as a certain portion of fiction."

- 31 - (Illinois)

APPROVAL OF LISTS

All lists submitted to account for the expenditures of the state fund
must have the approval of the Board of Trustees of the public library and
signed by the President or Chairman of the Library Board.

REPORT

A report, in addition to the list of books purchased, to be filed in
the Office of the Secretary of State, should be made by each library before
the end of the fiscal year of the biennium, which year ends June 30, 1936.

This report might show how the community has gained and benefited
through the addition of the books purchased with money from the Library
Relief Fund*

REMINDERS

Be sure to read the application carefully before signing.

Remember that none of this money should be spent before making appli-
cation for either a part or the full amount of the money allocated to the
library.

It is suggested that you refer all doubtful items such as sets of
books and expensive publications to the Library Extension Division for con-
sideration before purchasing.

- 52 -

MICHIGAN
Acts, 1937, No. 315 as Amended by Acts, 1941, No. 344

An Act to provide for the apportioning of any and all funds appropriated b'y
the state for aid to public libraries; to provide certain limitations
and regulations in connection therewith; to declare the effect of this
act; and to repeal all acts and parts of acts inconsistent with the
provisions of this act.

The People of the State of Michigan enact i

Sec. 1. (This section was repealed by Act No. 327 of the Public Acts
of 1939, Section 4.)

Sec. 2. The term "public library 11 as used in this act shall be con-
strued to mean and include any and all libraries maintained in whole or in
part by any county, township, school district, city, village or other muni-
cipality, or by any two or more of any such governmental units or local com-
munities i Provided, That such terms shall not include special libraries
such as law, medical or other professional libraries or school libraries,
which are maintained primarily for school purposes.

"Population" as herein used shall be deemed to mean the population ac-
cording to the latest federal census unless otherwise stated s Provided,
That where the federal census statistics cannot be ao analysed as to supply
the population for any district served by a public library, such as a school
district, then the latest census of children of school age in that district
multiplied by four shall be assumed to be the population of the district.

Sec. 3. From any amount appropriated by the state for aid to public
libraries an amount equal to 25 per cent shall be placed in the fund hereby
established, to be known as the "library equalization fund, 11 such fund to be
allocated to and used, as hereinafter provided, to aid in establishing pub-
lic libraries and in building up public libraries to meet the standards
established by the state board for libraries.

Sec. 3a. The money in the library equalisation fund shall be appor-
tioned as follows i

(a) Any county or region found by the state board for libraries to have
5,000* or more persons without public library service shall, for the purposes
of organization and operation, be eligible for a grant of not less than $3,000
nor more than $7 ,000s Provided, That such county or region make available
for such library from tax sources not less than one-tenth of a mill per annum
of the assessed valuation of such new area to be served.

Such grants for establishment purposes shall take priority over grants to
existing libraries, as provided in subsection (b) of this sections Provided,
That in no year sore than 40 per cent of the said library equalisation fund
shall be used for the establishment of new county or regional libraries.

- 35 - (Michigan)

All applications for grants in aid for the establishment of a new pub-
lic library under the terms of this section shall be filed with the state
board for libraries on or before the fifteenth day of November of the fiscal
year in which such grants are to be made,

(b) Such part of the library equalisation fund as is not used for the
establishment of county or regional libraries shall be distributed to the
libraries existing on the first day of the fiscal year on an equal per capita
basis provided the average per capita assessed ^valuation for the county,
township t school district, city, village or other municipality or any 2 or
more such governmental units supporting such libraries is less than two-
thirds of the average per capita assessed valuation for the statet Provided*
further. That such apportionment shall not in any one year exceed 40 cents
per capita for the population supporting such library.

(o) If there shall remain any unused portion of said library equalisa-
tion fund said portion shall be transferred to the state library fund for
use in furthering its state extension services.

Sec. 4. From any amount appropriated by the state for aid to public
libraries an amount equal to 2 per cent of the said amount shall be available
for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this act by the state board
for libraries, and the state board for libraries is hereby authorized to
incur such expenses and employ such assistants as may be necessary to carry
out the provisions of this act, within said amount. The state board for
libraries and such assistants shall be entitled to necessary and actual ex-
penses incurred in the discharge of their official duties. All compensation
and expenses shall be paid as provided in the accounting laws of this state.
If there shall remain any unused portion of said amount available to the
state board for libraries, said portion shall be transferred to the state
library for use in furthering its stato extension services.

Sec. 5, The remainder of said appropriation shall bo placed in the fund
hereby established to be known as the "general library fund," to be appor-
tioned as hereinafter set forth.

Sec. 6. The money in the general library fund shall be apportioned
among public libraries of the state qualifying under the terms of this act.
Such apportionment shall be so made that all public libraries qualifying will
receive an amount based on equal per capita rate for the population which
maintains, in whole or in part, such public libraries! Provided, That no
library shall receive from this fund more than the amount received by it
from local tax sources during its last fiscal year, but any reductions in
an individual library grant due to this provision shall not affect the es-
tablished general per capita rate as it applies to other libraries: And
provided further, That any unused portions of this fund shall be transferred
to the state library for use in furthering its state extension services t And
Provided further. That for purposes of determining the amount of benefits to
be distributed under the provisions of this section, the population of any
county, township, school district, city, village or other municipality, or
any 2 or more of such governmental units, which maintains a public library
shall be deducted from the population which maintains a public library in a

- 54 - (Michigan)

governmental unit encompassing, in whole or in part, auoh county, township,
aohool dietriot, city, village or other municipality, or any 2 or more of
auoh governmental units. The population figures to be used for the above
purposea shall be the figures shown in the latest federal census.

Sec. 6a. Any public library in order to receive an apportionment of
funds appropriated by the state for aid to public libraries must conform to
auoh certification requirements for personnel as are or may be established by
the state board for libraries i Provided, however, That no certification re-
quirements that are or may be established under the terms of this act shall,
at any time disqualify any person for the position held at the time of enaot-
ment of this act* Provided further, That any person who may be on leave of
absence or for any reason may be temporarily absent from his (or her) posi-
tion at the time of enactment of this act shall, for purposes of certifica-
tion, be deemed to be in active service and shall not be disqualified for
the position held immediately prior to such temporary absence.

Sec. 7. Any public library in the state shall qualify for benefits
from the general library fund, provided*

(a) That a public library now in existence or which may be hereafter
established, must in its fiscal year receive from any county, township,
school district, city, village or other municipality, or any 2 or more of
such governmental units, an amount of money equal to or greater than the
average amount of money received per year by said public library from any
county, township, school district, city, village or other municipality, or
any 2 or more of such governmental units, during said library's S fiscal
years immediately preceding July 1, 1941; Provided, That where housing and
maintenance are furnished an equitable allowance for said housing and main-
tenance may be considered a part of said amount.

(b) That subsequent to July 1, 1948, any public library whose total in-
come from county, township, school district, city, village or other munici-
pality, or any 2 or more of such governmental units, plus any apportionment
that may be received from an appropriation by the state for aid to public li-
braries, is less than 6,000 per annum may participate in the apportionment
of the general library fund only by uniting with another library, or by be-
coming a part of an approved county or regional library, as provided in Act
No. 250 of the Public Acts of 1951 and in Act No. 158 of the Public Acts of
1917, as amended by Act No. 249 of the Public Acts of 1951, and Act No. 115
of the Publio Acts of 1957, and provided that suoh united library or libraries
have a total annual income of not less than $6,000 from state, county town-
ship, sohool district, city, village or other municipality, or any 2 or more
of suoh governmental units.

Sec. 8. The state board for libraries shall prepare or have prepared a
statement of the amounts to be distributed in accordance with the provisions
of this act. Vouchers for the disbursement from the general library fund
of the appropriations made by the state for aid to public libraries shall be
signed by the state board for libraries, or its authorised agent, and turned
over to the auditor general, who shall thereupon draw his warrant on the state
treasurer in favor of the proper fisoal agent of the governing body of eaoh

- 55 - (Michigan)

public library qualifying under this aot for the anount payable to such
public library, as appears in the vouchers of the state board for libraries.

Sec. 9. Any and all benefits provided under the provisions of this aot
and paid to any public library may be used for any expenditure, except the
purchase cf sites or buildings, the erection of buildings or additions to
buildings, the remodeling of buildings, and the payment of principal or in-
terest charges on any indebtedness.

Sec. 10. For the purposes of this aot, the fiscal year of each public
library shall be as determined by its governing board.

Sec. lOa. The board of trustees of any public library may waive any
or all allocations of funds provided under the terms of this act.

Sec. 11 Should any provision or section of this aot be held to be in-
valid for any reason, such holding shall not be construed as affecting the
validity of any remaining portion of such section or of this aot, it being
the legislative intent that this act shall stand, notwithstanding the inval-
idity of any such provision or section.

Sec. 12. All acts or parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of
this act are hereby repealed.

NOTES

Act No. 344 of the Public Acts of 1941 amends Aot No. 315 of the Public Acts
of 19S7 in the following particulars i the title, and sections 3, 3a 4, 6,
7, 8 and 10. One new section is added which stands as 6a.

Section 1 of Act No. 315 of the Public Acts of 1937 which was repealed by
Act No. 327 of the Public Acts of 1939 is as follows i "There is hereby ap-
propriated, for aid in the support of public libraries, for the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1938, and each fiscal year thereafter, the sum of $500,000.00
from the general fund of the state from moneys not otherwise appropriated.

It is the intention of this act to add to the public library service given by
local communities, and not to relieve such communities of their responsibili-
ties. 11

- 56 - Michigan State Library

Lansing , October, 1941

STATE AID FOR PUBLIC LIBRARIES

The intent of the State Aid IAW is "to add to the public library ser-
vice given by looal communities, and not to relieve such communities from
their responsibilities ." The law does "not include special libraries such
as law, medical or other professional libraries, or school libraries which
are maintained primarily for school purposes."

I. The law sets up the following funds for aid to public libraries!

A. LIBRARY EQUALIZATION FUM) - ESTABLISHMENT GRANTS. $3,000 to $7,000
for the organisation and operation of a new county or regional library,
or to any library which furnishes new service to a county or region,

a region being two or more counties*

Conditions t

1. The county or region must have 5,000 or more persons without
library service.

2. The county or region must make available "from tax sources not less
than 1/LO of a mill per annum of the assessed valuation of the new
area to be served.

5* Applications for this grant must be filed with the State Board for
Libraries before November 15th of each year.

B. LIBRARY EQUALIZATION FUND - AID TO EXISTING LIBRARIES.

To be divided on an equal per capita basis annually among those exist-
ing public libraries where the average per capita assessed valuation
for the area of support is less than 2/3 of the average for the state.

C. GENERAL LIBRARY FUND.

Annual aid to public libraries to be divided on an equal per capita
basis.

Conditions s

1. Until July 1, 1948.

a. Each public library must receive from tax sources annually on
amount of money equal to or greater than the average amount the
library received during its three fisoal years immediately pre-
ceding July 1, 1941.

b. Each year the amount received from looal tax sources shall be
equal to or greater than the amount received from the General
Library Fund*

2. After July 1, 1948

Receipts for each public library from looal units and the state
must total $6,000 per annum.

D. ADMINISTRATION FUND.

Z?o of total appropriation is set aside for supplies, postage, and
staff to carry out the provisions of this act.

II New personnel appointments must meet certification requirements that may
be set up by the State Board for Libraries.

- 37 -

MICHIGAN STATE BOARD FOR LIBRARIES
Lansing

Letter on Establishment Grants
State Aid for Public Libraries

This letter is to give formal notice to you and others interested in the

formation of the County Library that the revised state aid for

public libraries law goes into effect in January, 1942.

The legislature has appropriated $250,000.00 for the year 1941-1942 to add
to the public library service given by local communities. One division of
the fund is for new county or regional libraries , each of which may be al-
lowed an Establishment Grant by the State Board for Libraries under the
following conditions i

1. The county must be "found by the State Board for Libraries
to have 5*000 or more persons without public library service. 11

2. The County Board of Supervisors must have created a county
library and appointed a county library board under the provi-
sions of the county library law.

3. The county library board must be fully organised and ready to
take active responsibility for the work and policies of the new
library.

4 The County Board of Supervisors must make available for the
county library from tax sources not less than one-tenth of a mill
PER ANNUM of the assessed valuation of the new area to be served.

6. Requirements for county librarian.

A. Graduation from a college or university approved by an
accrediting association of more than state-wide standing *
including one year of training in a library school accredited
by the American Library Association.

B. Three years of appropriate professional experience in a
library of recognised standing.

C. Minimum salary of $1*500.00.

D. The State Board for Libraries reserves the right to
accept other qualifications during the year July 1, 1941- '
June 50, 1942.

All applications for 1941-1942 Establishment Grants for new county libraries
shall be filed with the State Board for Libraries on or before November 15 ,
1941.

Loleta D. Fyan, Secretary

- 88 -

MICHIGAN STATE LIBRARY
Lansing

Murray D 4 Van Wagoner Mr8t ^^^ D .

State Librarian
January 15, 1942

Dear

Appropriations by the Michigan State Legislature for the 1941-1943
biennium include |250,000 per year for state aid ftor public libraries.
Grants from this appropriation have been awaiting release until January
9, 1942 because changes in the method of distribution could not go into
effect until that date.

Enclosed is an outline of the provisions of the revised state-aid for
public libraries lav, and an application blank covering the information
needed to determine the qualification of libraries for a grant from the
General Library Fund. The blank includes a summary of total receipts in
order that they may be easily available for other reports. Information
needed i

1. Your library's fiscal year.

Section 10 of the law states* "For the purposes of this act,
the fiscal year of each public library shall be as determined
by its governing board. ft

The Attorney General has ruled that "The statute does not
purport to authorise the governing board of the library to
change its fiscal year from time to time and accordingly when
its authority to fix its fiscal year has been exercised , such
authority is exhausted and the fiscal year so fixed determines
its subsequent fiscal years."

Z. The average of tax monies received by your library during its
three fiscal years previous to July 1, 1941.

To qualify for payments up to June 30, 1942, your library must have
received as much in taxes during its last completed fiscal year previous to
July 1* 1941 as the average noted under Point 2. This constitutes the
qualifying year on which payments will be based, according to a ruling by
the Attorney General.

- 59 - (Michigan)

To qualify for grants between July 1, 1942 and June 30, 1943, your
library must receive as muoh in taxes during its fiscal year completed be-
fore July 1, 1942 as the above average.

Tax receipts include -

Any money appropriated by a local governmental unit for public
library purposes.

Where housing and maintenance (heat, light, water, janitor
service, etc.) are furnished by a governmental unit, an equit-
able allowance may be considered tax receipts. This does not
include rent for any building owned by the governing board of
the library.

The enclosed report should be a sworn statement signed by the treasurer
of the gDverning board of the library.

We estimate that payments from the General Library Fund will be about
4/ per capita. They will be based on the population (1940 census) of the
governmental units providing taxes for each library.

May we urge the prompt return of this information, so that payihents
may begin soon? No state aid from the General Library Fund can be made
until ALL libraries have responded*

Enclosed also are the forms for the annual statistical report, and
for the names of board and staff members, which we also urge be returned
promptly.

Very truly yours,

State Librarian
LDFsGLB

- 40 -
(Printed Fora)

(Michigan)

Kama of Library.

County

Addre s a _____

MICHIGAN STATE BOARD FOR LIBRARIES
APPLICATION FOR STATE AID - GENERAL LIBRARY FUND

Summry of Receipts During Library's Three Fiscal Years
Preceding July 1. 1941

I. Itoat is the library's fiscal year, as determined by its library board.

II. REPORT OF TOTAL LIBRARY RECEIPTS

A. Receipts from local taxing units*
1. City

1938-59

1939-40

1940-41

2. County

5. Village

4- Township

5. School District ,

TOTAL AMOUNT PROM TAX SOURCES

TOTMr FOR TWE YFA^S

AVERAGE FOR THREE YEARS

B. Other Receipts

1, Receipts from State Aid
2. Other Income
at Income from endowment, trust and
invested funds ,..-.,.,.

b. Gifts (money only, do not include
principal of endowment gifts)

o. Petty oashs Fines, fees member-
ships , etc - .

d t R^ptM r>Jl^fttion tmi m ,.,

4, P9Wl f*;lM T

f t O^^^r fiowoaa ^

CTTnpirnnnrtrtrt balance from previous year

D TOTAL RECEIPTS (TOTAL Aj B f A C) - , -,..

Signature
Title

Notarized
Date

Where receipts are from nere than one taxing unit, list each separately,

n^Tn-tng the unit*
Star thoe amounts that are estimates of housing and maintenance.

- 41 - (Michigan)

STATE BOARD FOR LIBRARIES
LANSING, MICHIGAN

Mrs. Florenoe Bearing Mrs. Esther Hunter Mr. John Axe

Chairman, Hartland St. Johns Allegan

Mrs. Dorothy Hagenaan Miss Helen Warner Mrs. Loleta D. Fyan

Grand Rapids Mb. Pleasant Secretary. Lansing

The State Board for Libraries presents herewith plans for the certi-
fication of librarians and for the improvement of libraries in Michigan.

According to the State Aid for Public Libraries, (Section 6a of the
Public Acts of 1957, as amended by Act 344 of the Public Acts of 1941),
the State Board for Libraries is responsible for establishing certifica-
tion standards for librarians.

The State Board for Libraries announces that the following require-
ments will become effective July 1, 1942 and will apply only to new ap-
pointments made after that date.

CERTIFICATION FOR THE LIBRARIANS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES
First Grade Certificate

a. Graduation from a high school accredited by the University of Michigan
and two years experience in the library approved by the State Board
for Libraries.

OR

b. Graduation from a high school accredited by the University of Michigan
and attendance at two summer library institutes accredited by the State
Board for Libraries within three years after appointment.

Validity - Such certificate shall be valid for one year from date of
issue and may be renewed for a like period upon submission of evidence
of successful work during the period for which the certificate was issued.

Second Grade Certificate

a Completion of two full years at a college or university approved by an
accrediting association of more than state-wide standing, and two years
experience in a library approved by the State Board for Libraries.

OR

b. Completion of two full years at a college or university approved by an
accrediting association of more than state-wide standing, supplemented
by attendance at two work shop institutes within three years after ap-
pointment*

Validity - Such certificate shall be valid for two years. It may be
renewed by successful completion of one of the following!

1. One work shop institute, or its equivalent in
a library internship

2. Attendance at a summer school, or

5. Courses in correspondence or extension work

- 42 - (Michigan)

Third Grade Certificate

a. Graduation from a college or university approved by an accrediting

association of raoro than state-wide standing including or supplemented
by one full year of training in a library school accredited by the
American Library Association*

Validity - Shall continue in force for the life of the holder without
further renewal of the certificate, with the recommendation that
recognition be given for advanced study, outstanding professional ac-
complishments, or their equivalents.

Fourth Grade Certificate

a. Graduation from a college or university approved by an accrediting as-
sociation of more than state-wide standing, including or supplemented
by one full year of training in a library school accredited by the
American Library Association and not less than two years experience
in a library approved by the State Board for Libraries.

Validity - Shall continue in force for the life of the holder without
further renewal of the certificate, with the recommendation that recog-
nition be given for advanced study, outstanding professional accom-
plishments, or their equivalents.

Fifth Grade Certificate

a. Graduation from a college or university approved by an accrediting as-
sociation of more than state-wide standing, including or supplemented
by one full year of training in a library school accredited by the
American Library Association and not less than four years experience
in a library approved by the State Board for Libraries.

Validity - Shall continue in force for the life of the holder without
further renewal of the certificate, with the recommendation that rec-
ognition be given for advanced study* outstanding professional ac-
complishments , or their equivalents.

May 1, 194Z

- 45 -

STATE BOARD FOR LIBRARIES
LANSING, MICHIGAN

STANDARDS FOR THE PUBLIC LIBRARIES OF MICHIGAN

Class I - Population served less than 3,000

1. Staff - One paid worker holding first grade oertifioate

2. Hours - Open to the public a minimum of 10 hours per week

Class II - Population served 3,000 - 4,999

1. Staff - Chief librarian holding second grade oertifioate

One assistant holding at least first grade oertifioate

2, Hours - Open to the public a minimum of 24 hours per week

Class III - Population served 5,000 - 9,999

1, Staff - Chief librarian holding third grade oertifioate

Z$% of the staff holding second grade certificate

One staff member for each 25,000 circulation, and fraction

thereof
One part time page or clerical assistant

2. Hours - Open to the public a minimum of 40 hours per week

Class IV - Population served 10,000 - 14,999

1* Staff - Chief librarian holding fourth grade certificate

55? of the staff holding 2a, third and fourth grade

certificates
One staff member for each 25,000 circulation or fraction

thereof

2. Books - 2 books per capita

S. Hours - Open to the public a minimum of 40 hours per week with
48 hours per week recommended

Class 7 - Population served 15,000 and up

! Staff - Chief librarian holding fifth grade certificate

40% of the staff holding 2a, third, fourth and fifth

grade certificates
One staff member for each 25,000 circulation or fraction

thereof

2. Books - 2 books per capita
S* Hours - Open to the public a minimum of 60 hours per week

Ifey 1. 1942

- 44 -

(Michigan)

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- 63 -

HEir JERSEY
Statutes Annotated, Title 18, Chap. 12

(Enacted 1922)
Article 2. Sohool District Libraries

16sl2-5 Appropriation where oounty library agrees to furnish books*

If by agreement between the local board of education and the oounty
library commission * the oounty library has agreed to furnish the school
with library books and the local board of education hus agreed to relin-
quish to the oounty library the money which the local board is entitled
to receive from the state for school library purposes, the state comptrol-
ler shall draw his warrant upon the state treasurer on the order of the
public library commission and in flnror of the treasurer of the oounty, to
be placed to the credit of the oounty library fund, for the sum of twenty
dollars for any public school situated in tho county for which the county
library shall have expended a like sum to establish a school library or
procure books of reference or education works of art, and the further sum
of ten dollars each year, upon like order upon the condition that a like
sum of money shall have been spent by the oounty library for such year
for the school library.

Appropriation for n Format ion and aid of school and oounty libraries"
is included as a separate item in the appropriation to the Public Library
Commission.

- 54 -

NORTH CAROLINA
Laws* 1941 , Chap. 95

An Act to provide state aid for public libraries in North Carolina,

WHEREAS, it is provided in the Constitution of the State that "religion,
morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and happiness of
mankind schools and means of education shall forever be encouraged," and
that H the people have the right to the privilege of education, and it is the
duty of the State to guard and maintain that right"; and

WHEREAS, the establishment and maintenance of public libraries is an
integral part of the educational program of a great state; Now, therefore.

The General Assembly of North Carolina do enacts

Sec* 1, It is hereby declared the policy of the State to promote the
establishment and development of public library service throughout all sec-
tions of the State.

Sec. 2. For promoting, aiding and equalising public library service in
North Carolina the sun of one hundrod thousand ($100,000.00) dollars, an-
nually, shall be and is hereby appropriated out of the monies within the
State Treasury, not otherwise appropriated, which fund shall be known as the
Public Library Service Fund.

Sec. 3. The fund herein provided shall be administered by the govern-
ing board of the North Carolina Library Commission, which body shall frame
by-laws, rules and regulations for the allocation and administration of said
fund* The fund shall be used to improve, stimulate, increase and equalise
public library service to the people of the whole State, and shall be used
for no other purpose, except as herein provided, and shall ba allocated among
the counties of the State taking into consideration local needs, area and
population to be sorved, local interest as evidenced by local appropriations
and such other factors as may effect the State program of public library
service .

Sec* 4. For the necessary expenses of administration, allocation and
supervision a sum not to exceed five per cent of the annual appropriation
may annually be used by the North Carolina Library Commission.

Sec. 5. The fund appropriated under this Act shall be separate and
apart from the appropriation to the general Library Commission fund, which
fluid shall not be affected by this Act or appropriation he re under.

See* 6. The powers herein granted shall be in addition to and not in
subrogation of, or repeal of, any power or authority now or heretofore
granted to the North Carolina Library Commission.

Sec. 7, This Act shall be in full force and effect from and after
its ratification.

- 55 -

STATS AID - NORTH CAROLINA

Statement Issued by the North Carolina Library Commission

March 31, 1941

The 1941 General Assembly declared the establishment and maintenance of
public libraries an integral part of the educational program of a great
state*

Public library service in North Carolina has been very uneven; the in-
come of no county has been sufficient for books * trained service and the ex-
tension of facilities to all the people. Every sootion needs additional
money. The State Aid Fund shall supplement local funds and thus stabilise
public libraries.

The North Carolina Library Commission Board was charged by the 1941
General Assembly with the administration of a Publio Library Service Fund
of $100*000 a year to Improve* stimulate, increase and equalise public
library service throughout all sections of the State.

At a meeting on March 31 f 1941 the Library Commission Board accord-
ingly adopted plans for allocation of the fund, taking into consideration
local needs j area and population to be served* looal interest and other
factors.

Whereas* the improvement and increase of public library service rests
upon local and state participation* the city and county appropriations or
the amounts voted for public library purposes shall be equal to* or* equit-
able increases over such funds allocated or voted for library service during
the year 1940-41.

Library service depends upon the ability* the training* the experience
and the wide knowledge of the librarian. It is recommended that in regions
and counties participating in the State Aid program*, the extension service
be directed by a library school trained librarian.

A unified administration of public library service* within counties or
regions to supply books to all the people is advised.

Allocation of State Aid Funds shall be made in quarterly allotments
beginning July 1* 1941 or as soon thereafter as a plan for library operation
and plan of expenditure according to these principles has been filed with
the North Carolina Library Commission Board and given formal approval.
Early application for State Aid Funds is desirable.

The existing authority of the looal governing library board remains
unchanged. At the end of each year a detailed report of accomplishment
shall be submitted to the Library Commission Board.

The Library Commission staff is always ready to give advice and aid to
public libraries. Whenever you have problems please consult the Library
Commission or ask that a visit be made to work out difficulties.

- 68 -

STATE AID ~ VORTH CAROLINA

Plan for Allocation of Fund of $100,000 as Adopted by the

North Carolina Library Commission

May, 1941

1. Funds may be used for books , for personnel and the extension of li-
brary service. Funds may not be used for library buildings or equipment suoh
as shelves* tables and chairs within a library.

2. Rural library service is to be developed. Money will not be allo-
cated to individual libraries, but will only be allocated for county-wide
service.

S. Books are the greatest need in all sections of the State and Library
Boards are advised to set aside the State Aid Fund for books.

4. Bookmobiles, or some other accepted plan for the use of books in all
sections of the county or region, should be included in the enlarged plan of
service

5. A trained librarian who has successfully completed a library course
in an approved library school and who meets the certification requirements
for public librarians must be employed to be county or regional librarian.

6. Unified service within the county is recommended, in order that all
units work together for more adequate service*

7. Contract service between counties is permissible under the law gov-
erning public libraries* In many sections of the state where two or three
counties contract fbr service, one trained librarian can serve as regional
librarian, one bookmobile ean be used alternate weeks in the contract
counties and books exchanged between counties. A regional library board,
with representatives from the contracting counties, will become the governing
board

6. An allotment of $900 from the Public Library Service Fund for each
year of the biennium 1941-42, 1942-45 is to be made to each county which pre-
sents a plan acceptable to the North Carolina Library Commission Board.
Vouchers signed by the State Auditor will be sent to tho County Treasurer,
to be credited to the library fund*

9. Should any county desire advanced funds for book purchasing a spe-
oial request should be made and will receive serious consideration.

10. Allocation of funds will only be made where the city and county ap-
propriation* equal the amounts appropriated for the fiscal year 1940-41*

11. The State Aid Fund for Public Libraries is a stimulating fund to as-
sist counties and regions to provide improved public library service. In-
creases in city and county appropriations are therefore necessitated*

12. Local libraries shall be maintained by local funds and tho local
library board shall continue to be responsible for the library quarters,
hours of opening, rules and regulations and local service.

- 57 -

NORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY COMMISSION BOARD

RALEIGH
APPLICATION FOR PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICE FUND, 1942-43

City or town

feme of Library ___ Date Organised

Nuns of Librarian Librarian Certified Yes No

Trustees. Chairman Address ,

Treasurer , Address

Name Address Term Expires

Amount of public library appropriation- 1941-42

City __ County Total

Increase Promised 1942-45
(Not included above)

City __ County Total

Grand Total

If your Library is supported by speoial tax voted in a special election/
when was tax voted?

Amount - -

Total Income - Public funds (City and County)
1943-41

Endowment

Fines
Gifts
Other sources

- 68 -

(North Carolina)

Expenditures - 1941-42
Salar ie a

Book* _________

Bookmobile.

Plans for use of State Aid Funds
Books .

Salaries
Other

Signed -

Chairman of Library Board

Chairman of County Commissioners

Dated

Date

1942

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Deo.

1943

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Vouchers Mailed

Amount

- 69 -

NORTH CAROLINA
Laws, 1957, Chap. 206

An Act to provide grants-in-aid for public librarios in North Carolina.
The General Assembly of North Carolina Do Enacts

Sec. 1, That the North Carolina Library Commission is hereby authorised
and empowered to receive, accept and administer any money or moneys appro-
priated or granted to it, separate and apart from the General Library Com-
mission Fund, for providing and equalising public library service in North
Carolina*

(1) By the Federal Government, and

(2) By any other agencies, private and/or otherwise.

Sec. 2. That the fund herein provided for shall bo administered by the
governing board of tho Library Commission of North Carolina under authority
of sections 6597 - 6604 Consolidated Statutes of North Carolina which body
shall frame by-laws, rules and regulations for the allocation and adminis-
tration of this fund.

Sec, 3. That this fund shall be used to increase, improve, stimulate
and equalise library service to the people of the whole state, and shall be
used for no other purpose whatsoever except as hereinafter provided and
shall be allocated among the counties of the state taking into consideration
local needs, area and population to be served, local interest as evidenced
by local appropriations and such other factors as may affect the state
program of library service*

Sec. 4. That any gift or grant from the federal government or other
sources shall become a part of said fund to be used aa part of the state
fund or may be invested in such securities in which the state sinking fund
may be invested, as in the discretion of the governing board of the Library
Comission of North Carolina may be deemed advisable, the income to be used
for the promotion of libraries as aforesaid.

Sec. 6. That all laws and clauses of law in conflict with the provi-
sions of this Act hereby repealed.

Sec. 6. That this Act shall be in full force and effect from and after
its ratification.

Ratified this 17th day of March, A.D., 19S7

- 00 -

NOVA SCOTIA
Statutes, 1939, Chap. 62

An Act to Amend Chapter 11 of the Acts of 1937, n An Act to Provide
for the Support of Regional Libraries 11

12. The Governor in Council is authorized to pay annually out
of the consolidated revenue fund of the Province towards the sup-
port of any regional library, suoh sum or sums of money as the
Governor in Council from time to time determines provided that no
suoh payments shall exceed in any year one-third of the amount
contributed or paid by the cities, towns and municipalities main-
taining or supporting suoh library in suoh year.

- 61 -

OHIO
Acts* 1935, p, 526

To make an appropriation from the general revenue fund for state aid for
public libraries and to provide for the expenditure of the funds so
appropriated.

Be it enaoted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohiot
Appropriation for state aid to public libraries.

Seo. I. There is hereby appropriated from the moneys in the state
treasury to the oredit of the general revenue fund to the state library board
the sum of one hundred thousand dollars for the purpose of aiding qualified
public libraries in the state as hereinafter provided. The sum hereby ap-
propriated shall be expended to pay liabilities incurred on and after the
effective date of this act and to and including the thirty-first day of
December* 1936, Said appropriation shall remain in force for the purpose of
paying all liabilities so lawfully incurred but in no event longer than two
years after the effective date of this act.

Seo. II. The moneys hereby appropriated shall be paid by the treasurer
of state on the warrant of the auditor of state on vouchers issued by the
state library board. The state library board shall adopt rules and regula-
tions governing participation in the benefits of this appropriation and
shall pay to each public library which shall have qualified therefor, pur-
suant to such rules and regulations, the sum of one thousand dollars, or
such part thereof as the said library board may find necessary, to be used
for the operating expenses and the purchase and repair of books and peri-
odicals and for no other purpose. Not to exceed six thousand dollars in
amount of such appropriation may be used by the state library board to
defray the expense of administering the provisions of this act.

Note t Similar act passed in 1957* Later appropriations were included in
ttie appropriation for the state library*

- 62 -

OHIO .
Acts, 1939 , p. 617

An Act authorising the state library board to receive , accept and ad*
minister special funds allocated to it by the United States government, the
state of Ohio and other agencies, and to amend section 154*55 of the General
Code.

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohios

Sec. 1. That section 154-55 of the General Code be amended to read as
follows*

Seo t 154*53. The state library board shall make such rules for the
government of the state library, the use and location of the books and other
property therein or the transfer thereof as it deems necessary or advan-
tageous to the library service of the state. It shall organize the library
service of the state into departments and determine the number of assistants
and other employees therein*

The state library board is hereby authorized and empowered to receive f
accept and administer any money or moneys appropriated or granted to it,
separate and apart from the general state library fund, for providing and
equalizing public library service in Ohio (l) by federal government, and (2)
by the state of Ohio and any other agencies, private and otherwise.

The fund herein provided for shall be administered by the state library
board which body shall frazre by-laws* rules and regulations for the alloca-
tion and administration of this fund.

The fund shall be used to increase, improve, stimulate and equalise
library service to the people of the whole state, and shall be used for no
other purpose whatsoever except as herein after provided, and shall be al-
located among the counties of the state, taking into consideration local
needs, area and population to be served, local interest as evidenced by
local appropriations and such other facts as may affect the state program
of library service.

Any gift or grant from the federal government or other sources shall
become a part of said fund, to be used as part of the state fund.

All moneys received, allocated or appropriated for the purposes set out
in this act shall be deposited in the state treasury and shall be credited
to a fund to be known as the aid to libraries fund, which fund is hereby
created i the moneys so deposited shall be paid out by the treasurer of state
on the warrant of the auditor of state on vouchers issued by the state
library board. Expenses of the administration of said fund shall be paid
from said fund.

Sec. 2. That existing section 154-53 of the General Code be, and the
same is hereby repealed.

- 65 -

PENNSYLVANIA

1931, No. 529

Providing aid by the Commonwealth to free, public, non-sectarian county li-
braries i authorising the Department of Public Instruction to provide
books for demonstration purposes to encourage the establishment of such
county libraries; and making an appropriation.

Sec. 1, Be it enacted, etc.. That a system of State-aid for the main-
tenance of free, public, nonseotarian county libraries, in counties of the
third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth classes, is hereby estab-
lished. The annual aid by the Conmonwealth to any such county library shall
be measured by the amount appropriated annually by the county commissioners
from county moneys for the maintenance of any such county library, and shall
be determined as follows i

Classes of Percentage of Aid Calculated
Counties on County Appropriations

3 20J5

4 25#

5 3$

6 50?

7 75%
8

The amount to be paid by the Commonwealth for the maintenance of any
county library shall not in any year exceed two thousand five hundred dollars
($2,500), and such payment shall be made to the board of trustees in charge
of any suoh free, public, nonseotarian county library. A report of the ex-
penditure of suoh State moneys shall be made annually to the county commis-
sioners and the Department of Public Instruction, in suoh form as the depart*
ment may require.

Sec* 2. For the purpose of encouraging the establishment of county
libraries, the Commonwealth may, through the Department of Public Instruc-
tion, provide books to be used for demonstrations and circulation purposes
in counties where it is proposed to establish a free, public, nonseotarian
county library in the manner provided by law. Any suoh books shall remain
the property of the Commonwealth and shall not be used in any county for a
longer continuous period than two years, after which they shall be returned
to the possession of the Department of Public Instruction and be made avail-
able for like purposes in some other county.

The Department of Public Instruction shall have power to adopt and
promulgate such rules and regulations as may be deemed necessary to regulate
the use, demonstration, distribution, and return of books made available
under the provisions of this section*

Sec. 3. The sum of twenty thousand dollars (f 20 ,000), or so much there-
of as may be necessary, is hereby specifically appropriated to the Department
of Public Instruction for the two fiscal years beginning June first, one
thousand nine hundred and thirty-one, for the purpose of paying the main-
tenance aid to county libraries, and for the purchase and transportation of
books, as provided in this act.

- 64 -

PENNSYLVANIA COUNTY LIBRARY LAW
FINANCIAL SUMMARY

Biermium

State
Appropriation

Subsidy
Paid

Books

Balance
Reverting

County
Libraries
Operating

1931-33

117,000.00

$ 8,624.99

I 8,144.00

1 251.01

5

1933-55

17,000.00

8,822.91

8,105.99

71.10

5

1935-37

1QS7-SQ

17,000.00

11,825.01

5*061.64
10 j843 34

113.35

8
is

A *7 W f W v

1Q3Q..41

*o ^24 44

7 fi75 Sfi

AW

18

A 7 W9 YA

1941 .48

EK .OOO.OO

Ww 9 WfiTt. W

4d.8O?..OO^

I , w f w ww

5.198.OO*

AW

19 -

* Estimated

- 65 -

VERMONT
Acts, 1937, Chap. 85

An Aot to amend section 4415 of the public laws relating to the membership
of the Free Public Library Commission and to authorise said commission
to provide more adequate library service to rural schools, farm homes
and residents of the state.

It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont!

Sec. 1. Section 4415 of the Public Laws is hereby amended so as to
read as follows i

Sec* 4415. The free publio library commission shall consist of the
commissioner of education ex offioio and two persons, one of whom shall be
a woman, who shall be appointed by the governor with the advice and consent
of the senate for the term of four years, except that the terms of office of
the persons first appointed shall expire February 1* 1939 and February 1,
1941, respectively. The governor shall biennially designate a member of
said commission to act as chairman. The members of said commission shall
serve without compensation, but shall receive their necessary expenseo while
away from homo on official business.

Sec. 2. In addition to its existing powers, the free publio library
commission is authorised to develop and adopt plans to provide more adequate
library service for all residents of the state, giving special consideration
to some system of regional libraries or other agencies whereby better library
service than now possible can be given to the people of the state especially
to rural schools and farm homes. Without limiting the general authority
above given, the said commission is authorised to make contracts with the
duly authorised agents of any municipal corporation or public library for the
maintenance of cooperative library service to residents of all municipal
corporations designated in such contracts. Unless otherwise provided, the
board of selectmen of any town, the mayor and board of aldermen of any city
and the president and trustees of any village are authorised to make such
contracts on behalf of their respective towns, cities and villages subject
to prior authorisation or the subsequent ratification of such contracts by
the voters of such municipal corporations assembled in any annual or duly
warned special meeting.

Sec. 3. The annual appropriation for the free public library commis-
sion shall be increased to provide adequate funds to carry out the provi-
sions of this act*

See* 4. This act shall take effect from its passage.

- 66 -

VIRGINIA
Acts, 1942, Chap. 550

To appropriate certain funds for State-aid in the development of oertain
public library services, particularly for rural communities, and to
prescribe the powers and duties of the State Library Board and of oer-
tain other persons with respect to the expenditures of such funds and
of similar future appropriations.

1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia, as follows s

Sec, ! In order to provide State-aid in the development of public
library service throughout the State, particularly in rural communities,
there is hereby appropriated to the Virginia State Library, out of the gen>-
eral fund of the State treasury, in addition to any other funds appropriated
for library purposes, the sum of fifty thousand dollars ($50,000.00) for
each yftar of the biexmixoa beginning July first, nineteen hundred and forty*
two. It is hereby provided, however, that this appropriation of Fifty
Thousand Dollars ($50,000) for each year of the biennium beginning July 1,
1942, shall not become available for expenditure unless and until the Gov-
ernor has certified in writing to* the Comptroller that in his Judgment the
said appropriation can be aid out of the current revenues to be collected
and paid into the general fund of the State treasury during the biennium
which ends June 50, 1944 without creating or adding to a deficit in such
current revenues for the said biennium, and that the payment of the said ap-
propriation will not reduce the general fund surplus*

Sec. 2. The State Library Board shall use such part of the funds here-
inabove appropriated, and such funds as may be appropriated for like purposes
in the future, to provide county and regional free library systems, estab-
lished subsequent to the date when this act beoomos effective pursuant to the
provisions of section three hundred and sixty- five of the Code of Virginia,
with minimum collections of books necessary to undertake county-wide or
region-wide library service (construed as one-fourth () book per capita of
the rural inhabitants of the county or region, as shown by the last preceding
United States census, at one dollar and seventy-five cents (|1.75) net per
book); provided the amount of State-aid from this appropriation for any
county free library system shall not exceed five thousand dollars ($5,000.00),
and for any regional free library System shall not exceed fifteen thousand
dollars ($16,000.00). Not more than one library in a county or region shall
receive aid under this act and such library shall serve as an administrative
center for county or regional free library service to the whole county or
region; provided that in the case of a contract for library service between
the board of trustees of a county or regional free library system and an ad-
jacent city, town, or State-supported institution of higher learning in the
county or region, or with a library not owned by a public corporation but
mintained for free public use, as provided in section three hundred and
sixty-five of the Code of Virginia, such aid shall be given to the library
contracting to give such service, which library shall then be the adminis-
trative center for a county or regional free library system*

- 67 - (Virginia)

See. 5. The obligations of the oounty or regional free library system*
or contracting library, shall consist in supplying adequate quarters * person-
nel, equipnent* supplies* and means of distribution* in aooordanoe with
standards set up by The State Library Board; prorided that a bookmobile for
the distribution of books in all sections of the oounty or region may be
supplied from State aid funds in lieu of an equal cost of books j and provided
further that personnel standards shall conform to the provisions of section
three hundred and sixty-three of the Code of Virginia for the certification
of librarians* and with rules and regulations proscribed by the State Board
for the Certification of Librarians in accordance with said section

Sec. 4. In the case of any qualified oounty free library system estab-
lished prior to the date when this act becomes .effective, or of any qualified
municipal library system* State aid shall be made available by the State
Library Board in an amount equal to that expended by any such library system
in its current fiscal year for books* or a bookmobile* or additional person-
nel, as approved by the State Library Board, but not to exceed one thousand
dollars ($1*000.00), to any one library system in any one year* Any muni-
cipal library system contracting for library service* as provided in sections
three hundred and sixty- four and three hundred and sixty-five of the Code of
Virginia* may qualify separately for State aid* as provided herein.

Sec. 6. As the joining of two or more counties to establish and maintain
a regional free library system enables rural inhabitants to provide the nec-
essary and satisfactory facilities for library service at less cost per ca-
pita* regional free library systems are to be encouraged* especially to in-
clude counties having less than ten thousand (10,000) rural inhabitants. To
this end* contiguous counties combined or combining for regional free library
systems* as approved by the State Library Board* shall be alloted their
respective parts of State aid (construed as one-fourth () book per capita
of the rural inhabitants of the oounty or region, as shown by the last pre-
ceding United States census* at one dollar and seventy-five cents ($1.76)
nat per book)* but not to exceed fifteen thousand dollars (|15*000.00) for
any regional free library system*

Sec. 6. The State Library Board shall establish standards under which
library systems shall be eligible for State aid and may require reports on
the operation of all libraries receiving State aid.

Sec. 7. As long as funds are available* grants shall be made to the
various library systems or contracting libraries applying for State aid in
the order in flhioh they meet the standards established by the State Library
Board. Hot to exceed two thousand five hundred dollars ($2*500,00) per annum
of this appropriation may be used by the State Library Board to defray the
expenses of administering the provisions of this act.

Sec. 8. All proposals for books and bookmobiles to be purchased with
State aid funds shall be submitted for approval to the State Library by the
Library systems or contracting libraries applying for State aid* in form
prescribed by the State Library Board* and those approved may be ordered by
the library systems* or contracting libraries* which shall* after receipt*
certify the invoices of such books and bookmobiles to the State Library Board*
with bills for same rendered to the State Library. Payments and disbursements

- 68 - (Virginia)

from the funds herein appropriated Shall be made by the State Treasurer upon
warrants of the Comptroller issued upon -vouchers signed by the duly author-
iced representative of the State Library Board. The State Library Board
shall act to obtain the best prices and roost advantageous arrangements in
securing all books and bookmobiles purchased through State aid* All books
and bookmobiles purchased with State aid funds shall become the property of
the Virginia State Library in the oase of any library system not meeting one
or more of its obligations or not maintaining the standards established by
the State Library Board.

Sec. 9. The service of books in library systems receiving State aid
shall be free and given to all parts of the county, region or municipality.

Sec. 10t The term "books" as used in this act shall be interpreted to
mean books , magazines, newspapers and other printed library matter.

69 -

STATS AID VIRGINIA

Summary of Act (S.B.No.51 & H.B.N6.162)

Passed April, 1942
As Used in the legislative Campaign

The purpose of this measure is to promote the establishment and main-
tenance* of adequate and efficient public library service primarily by region-
al systems , secondarily by oounty systems where an individual county can af-
ford to continue such service; and to point the way toward the equalisation
of library opportunities between city and country, and between sections which
vary in ability to support public services.

The following is a brief summary of the provisions of the bills
Sec. 1 - |50,000 a year of the biennium, to be administered by the State
Library Board.

Sec. 2 - To aid in establishing additional oounty and regional libraries!
a. up to |5000 in books for oounty libraries.
b up to $15,000 in books for regional libraries.

Sec. 3 - County and regional libraries to be formed may qualify by meeting
certain legal and professional standards; by furnishing quarters ,
personnel, equipment, supplies, and moans of distribution of books.

Sec. 4 - Any established and qualified municipal or oounty public library

may receive up to $1,000 for books on matching basis; and municipal
library systems, which are logical administrative centers for pro-
viding rural library service by contract, may be further strength-
ened and induced to contract as headquarters libraries.

Sec. 5 - Regional libraries, established or to be established, may qualify
to receive up to $15,000 in books.

Sec. 6 - State Library Board to establish standards of eligibility for re-
ceiving State aid*

Sec. 7 - Grants made as long as funds are available in the order in which
applicants meet standards.

Sec. 8 - Procedures for administration of Funds for approved books, etc*
Sec. 9 - Libraries receiving State aid must give free service to all.
Sec. 10 - Definition of "books" as used in bill: books, magazines, etc.

Note - In passing the act, a condition was added that the sums should not be-
come available unless and until released by the governor on evidence
that the expenditures will not create a deficit.