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PUBLICATIONS 

OF THE 

NAVY RECORDS SOCIETY 

Vol. II, 



Defeat of the Spanish Armada 



VOL. II. 



1 STATE PAPERS ^| 


^K RELATING TO 


■ 


^^^ THE DEFEAT 


■ 


f Cl^e ^pam0!) 


airtnaba J 


^H Anno 15S8 


■ 


^^^^^^^^^H BY 


■ 


^^^JOHN KNOX LAUGHTON 


^^^1 


^H PiifawT of Moden> Hbtoty in Ki..E'i Co 


llcic Lomlan ^^^^^^1 


^^H 


, 1 


^^^^^^^^^P SECOND 


1 


^r PRINTED FOR THE NAVY RECORDS SOCIETY ^^^H 


^^ MDCCCXCV. 


1 



• • *• • • 

• • • • •• 

• • ••• • • • 

• • • • • • • 

• • • • • • 









• • 









••• 



• • I 



155453 



THE COUNCIL 



OF THE 



NAVY RECORDS SOCIETY 

1893-4-5 



PATRONS 

His Royal Highness the DUKE OF SAXE-COBURG AND GOTHA, 

K.G.f K.T.| &C. 

His Royal Highness the DUKE OF YORK, K.G. &c. 



PRESIDENT 
EARL SPENCER, K.G. 

VICE-PRESIDENTS 



LoED Gboegb Hamilton. 
Admieal Sie R. V. Hamilton, 
K.CB. 



Maequis of Lothian, K.T. 
Peopbssoe Sie J. R. Sbblby, 
K.C.M.G. 



COUNCILLORS 



H.S.H. Peincb Louis op Bat- 

tbnbbeg, G.CB. 
Waltbe Bbsant. 
Hon. T. a. Beassby. 
Rbae-Admieal Beidgb. 
OSCAE Beowning. 
Professoe Montagu Bureows. 
Rkv. H. Montagu Butler, 

D.D. 
Lieut. -Gen. Sie A. Claekb, 

G.CvM.G. 
Vicb-Admieal Colomb. 
Admieal Sie Edwaed Fan- 

shawb, g.cb. 

C. H. FlETH. 



De. Richaed Gaenbtt. 
Majoe-Gbn. Gbaey, R.A., C.B. 
LoED Peovost of Glasgow. 
David Hannay. 
Sidney Lrb. 
Rbae-Admieal Sir Lambton 

LOEAiNB, Baet. 
Sie Alfebd C. Lyall, K.C.B. 
Clements R. Markham, C.B., 

F.R.S. 
Capt. S. P. Oliver, late R.A. 
COMM. C N. Robinson, R.N. 
J. R. Thuesfield. 
Capt. Whaeton, R.N., F.R.S. 
Capt. S. Eaedley Wilmot, R.N. 



SECRETARY 

Peofbssor J. K. Laughton, Catesby House, Manor Road, Bamet. 

TREASURER 
H. F. R. YOEKB, Admiralty, S.W. 



The Council of the Navy Records Society wish 
it to be distinctly understood that they are not answer- 
able for any opinions or observations that may appear 
in the Society's publications. For these the responsi- 
bility rests entirely with the Editors of the several works. 




SPANISH ARMA 



' Ah£. \.—L0RD H. SEYMOUR TO THE QUEEN. 

£ocxiT. 8. — Holograph. Addressed : — To the Queen's most 
excellent Majesty, my only Sovereign.] 

Most gracious Lady : — I received your most 
favourable letters the 27th of July at the Downs, at 
which very instant I had both message and letter 
from my Lord Admiral to repair unto him with ail 
my forces, which I did incontinent, and met with his 
Lordship off Scales Cliffs, about eight in the evening, 
where both the armies anchored against the other, 
and we somewhat to the westward. The next day 
in the morning, and in council with his Lordship, it 
was resolved some exploit should be attempted the 
night following by fire, which was performed ; and 
what distress came thereof we certainly know not, 
saving that the said put them from their anchoring, 
by means whereof one of their galleasses came 
L athwart one of their own ships" hawses, whereby she 
vou II. B 



DEFEAT OF THE 



broke her rudder, and [was] constrained, for want of 
steerage,' to go into Calais Road, where certain of 
your hoys and pinnaces under my charge- followed, 
and after long fight was by some of them boarded, 
slaying sundry Spaniards; the rest of them saved 
themselves by boat and swam into Calais, where 
they were received ; the governor whereof shot at 
our men, enforcing them to forsake her, leaving 
30 pieces of ordnance in her. as was supposed. 

The 29th of the said month, being resolved the 
day before my Lord Admiral should give the first 
charge, Sir Francis Drake the next, and myself the 
third, it fell out that the galleass distressed altered 
my Lord's former determination, as I suppose, by 
prosecuting the destruction of her, which was done 
within one hour" after. In the meantime Sir 
Francis Drake gave the first charge upon the 
Spanish Admiral, being accompanied with the 
Triumph, the Victory, and others. Myself, with the 
Vanguard, the Antelope, and others, charged upon 
the tail, being somewhat broken, and distressed 
3 off of their great ships ; among which, my ship 
shot one of them through six limes, being within 
less than musket shot. 

After this long fight, which continued almost six 
hours, and ended between 4 and 5 in the after- 
noon, until Tuesday at 7 in the evening, we 
continued by them, and your Majesty's fleet followed 
the Spaniards along the channel, until we came 
athwart the Brill, where I was commanded by my 
Lord Admiral, with your Majesty's fleet under my 
charge, to return back for the defence of your 
Majesty's coasts, if anything be attempted by the 
Duke of Parma ; and therein have obeyed his Lord- 
ship much against my will, expecting your Majesty's 
further pleasure. 

' MS. surrcge, " Sc. cif my squadron. ' MS. ower. 



SPANISH ARAtADA 



I 
I 



This, hoping God will confound all your enemies, 
and that shortly, do most humbly leave to trouble 
your most excellent Majesty. From aboard the 
Rainbow, this first of August, 1 588. 

Your Majesty's most bounden 

and faithful fisherman,' 

H. Seymour. 

Your Majesty's faithful servants. Sir William 
Wynter and Sir Henry Palmer, have faithfully per- 
formed their duties, and the more in respect of your 
Majesty's honourable remembering them. 



August 1.— SEYMOUR TO WALSYNGHAM. 

[ccxJT. 3. — Holograph, Addressed.] 

Sir: — I have written to her Majesty at large of 
our proceedings upon my Lords' honourable letters 
directed unto me for the reinforcing my Lord 
Admiral's strength : so was I likewise desired and 
written by my Lord Admiral himself to hasten my 
forces to join the same to his, which I did perform. 
And where his Lordship was altogether desirous at 
the first to have me strengthen him, so having done 
ihe uttermost of my good will (to the venture of my 
life) in prosecuting the distressing of the Spaniards, 
which was thoroughly followed the 29th of July. I 
find my Lord jealous and loth to have me take part 
of the honour of the rest that is to win, using his 

' It is very doubtful what this ' fisherman ' means. Possibly 
that, after talcing his part in the glorious battle, he had been sent 
bock to command coasting craft and fishermen (cf. anti, vol. i. 
p. 363), and was, in fact, being treated as if he was one. The 
— text letter, to Walsyngham, shows lliat he was ver)* much annoyed 
( having been ordered baclt. 



4 DEFEAT OF THE 

authority to command me to look to our English 
coasts, that have been long threatened by the Duke 
of Parma. 

So referring the rest unto her Majesty's letters 
as' to these messengers, the one Mr. Brown' and 
the other my lieutenant;' who both are witnesses of 
our actions, do take my leave. From aboard the 
Rainbow, this ist of August, 15SS, at anchor at 
Harwich, at 3 in the afternoon. 

Your assured friend to command, 

H. Seymour. 

In the passage homewards from my Lord 
Admiral. I received letters from Sir William Russell 
that Justinus de Nassau cometh forth himself with 
30 sail, and will be ready to perform anything what 
her Majesty shall command, as you may perceive 
by the effect of Sir William Russell's letters which 
I send you. 

I understand the French do arm to join with the 
League, or at the least with Parma, and that all 
passages are stopped for intelligence. 

I pray God my Lord Admiral do not find the 
lack of the Rainbow and that company ; for 1 
protest before God, and have witness for the same, 
I vowed 1 would be as near or nearer with my little 
ship to encounter our enemies, as any of the greatest 
ships in both armies ; which I have performed to 
the distress of one of their greatest ships sunk, if I 
have my due. 

We are in manner famished for lack of victuals, 
although the same hath been drawn at length,* yet 
by increase of soldiers the same is all wasted. 

' As = as well as. 

' Brule Brown, serving as a volunteer on board [he Rainbovr. 
See antt, vol. i. p. 310. 

* MS. lyftenam. * Drawn mil as long as possible. 



SPANISH ARMADA 5 

I presume the Spaniards are much distressed for 
victuals, which I hope will be the cause to make 
them yield to her Majesty's mercy. 

I do send my lieutenant the rather to give you 
perfect notice of our lacks, as also I pray you to use 
Mr. Brown with some favour, who of good will 
came to see the service two days before I joined 
with the Lord Admiral. 



August I.— SHIPS WITH SEYMOUR. 

[eexiy. 6.] 

Ships on the seas with the Lord Henry Seymour 
the 1st of August : — 

The Queen's Ships. 



The Vanguard . 
Rainbow . 


250 Sir Wm. Wynter. 
250 Lord H. Seymour. 


Antelope . 
Bull . 


250 Sir Henry Palmer. 
100 Turner. 


Tiger 
Tramontana 


100 

70 Luke Ward. 


Scout 
Achates . 
Merlin 


70 Cap. Ashley. 
60 Cap. Rigges. 
35 Gower. 


Sun . 


30 White. 


Cygnet 


20 a Mr. Ward. 


George 
Galley 


20 Hodofes. 

Mr. Borough. 


13 ; wherec 


Good ships, 5. 
)f Mean, 3. 




Pinnaces, 4. 



1,255 nien, besides the galley. 



DEFEAT OF THE 

Coast Ships. 
Ipswich and Harwich . 3 hoys. 

Five Ports .... 5 ships, i pinnace. 
Colchester , 
Aldborough 
Yarmouth 
Lyme . 
Hull . 



I ship, I pinnace. 

1 ship, I pinnace. 

2 ships, I pinnace. 



Ships, 14. 
Pinnaces, 4. 

8 ships of London come with Nicholas Goi^es 
to the Lord Henry Seymour the last of July. 

In all. Ships. . , 30 
Pinnaces . . 8 



Aug. I.— RESOLUTION AT A COUNCIL OF WAR. 
[B.II. Addl. H8. 33740, 1 6.— Signed.] 

I St of August, 1588. 

We whose names are hereunder written have 
determined and agreed in council to follow and 
pursue the Spanish fleet until we have cleared our 
own coast and brought the Frith west of us ; and 
then to return back again, as well to revictual our 
ships, which stand in extreme scarcity, as also to 
guard and defend our own coast at home ; with 
further protestation that, if our wants of victuals and 
munition were supplied, we would pursue them to 
the furthest that they durst have gone. 

C. Howard. George Coumbreland. 

T. Howard. Edmonde Sheffeylde. 

Fra. Drake. Edw. Hobv. 

John Hawkyns. 

Thomas Fenner. 



SPANISH ARMADA 7 

and of August. 
Determined by the council to return from 
thwart of the Frith. 



Auguit \.~WYNTER TO WALSYNGHAM, 
[ccxlr. 1. — Signed. Addressed.] 

May it please your Honour : — Upon Saturday, 
the 37th of July, our Admiral, the Lord Henry 
Seymour, being with his Ueet in the morning as 
high up as between Dungeness and Folkestone, 
attending the coming of the armies, we there spake 
with divers ships that came from the west, who said 
they saw none of the armies ; which put us in hope, 
our victualling being within three days of expiring, 
that we might bear into the Downs to see if the 
victuals were come, and to take in the same, and so 
to be in a readiness to do service. But we had 
not been scarcely there half an hour, the wind being 
SSW., but we received a letter from the Lord 
Admiral by a pinnace, declaring unto us what we 
should do; and forthwith we made sail and gat 
out, not having any time to relieve ourselves with 
victual, and bare over with the French coast, 
whither we did see the fleet to draw ; and by that 
time we could recover over, which was about seven 
of the clock in the afternoon, the Spanish army was 
anchored to the eastward of Scales Cliffs, very 
round and near together, not far from the shore. 

Our army not being past a mile and a half 
behind them, whom I had recovered with my ship, 
did also cast anchor thwart of Scales Cliffs ; and 
immediately, so soon as my Lord Admiral's ship 
was come to an anchor, his Lordship sent his 
pinnace aboard my ship for me. and a messenger in 



8 DEFEAT OF THE 

the same commanding me lo come aboard his Lord- 
ship, which I did ; and having viewed myself the 
great and hugeness of the Spanish army, and did 
consider that it was not possible to remove them 
but by a device of firing of ships, which would 
make them to leese ' the only road which was apt 
and meetest to serve their purpose, as also an 
occasion to put many of them in danger of firing, 
(land at the least to make th em to leese " their cables 
^and anchors, which could not be less than two for 
evSy ship, 1 thought it meet to acquaint my 
Lord withal at my coming to hinj at that time, 
which was about 9 of the clock at night ; and his 
Lordship did like very well of it,^ and said the next 
day his Lordship would call a council and put the 
same in practice ; and his Lordship and I were 
reasoning of this matter In his Lordship's cabin, 
there did drive with the tide aboard my Lord's ship 
her Majesty's ship the Bear and three others, who 
were all tangled together, so as there was some hurt 
done by breaking of yards and spoil of tackle ; but 
a great favour of God showed ■" that it had not made 
a destruction of many [of] our ships. 

Upon Sunday, being the 28th day, my Lord put 
out his flag of council early in the morning, the 
armies both riding still ; and after the assembly of 
the council It was concluded that the practice for 
the firing of ships should be put in execution the 
night following, and Sir Henry Palmer was as- 
signed to bear over presently in a pinnace for 
Dover, to bring away such vessels as were fit to be 
fired, and materials apt to take fire. But because it 

' Leese=lose. * MS. lease. 

■ Wynter had only ju.st joined the fleet, and it was his first 
sight of the Spaniards. To the others his device would seem to 
have occurred long before, and the combustibles had been sent 
to Dover. See ante^ vol, i. p. 36a. 

* Sc. showed itself in this, &c. 



SPANISH ARMADA g 

was seen, after his going, he could not return that 
night, and occasion would not be over slipped, it 
was thought meet that we should help ourselves 
with such shipping as we had there to serve that 
turn. So that about 12 of the clock that night six ' 
ships were brought and prepared" with a sakershot, 
and going in a front, having the wind and tide with 
them, and their ordnance being charged, were fired; 
and the men that were the executers, so soon as the 
fire was made they did abandon the ships, and 
entered into five boats that were appointed for the 
saving of them. This matter did put such terror 
among the Spanish army that they were fain to let 
slip their cables and anchors ; and did work, as it 
did appear, great mischief among them by reason of 
the suddenness of it. We might perceive that 
there were two great fires more than ours, and far 
greater and huger than any of our vessels that we 
fired could make.^ 

The 29th day, in the break of the day, my Lord 
Admiral did bear with them with all his fleet ; and 
his Lordship perceived a galleass to go alongst the 
French shore, as near as she might possibly, 
striving to recover Calais, which could not use no 
more but her foresail and oars. The which vessel 
my Lord did cause to be followed with small vessels 
and boats, which did force her to run aground upon 
the bar of Calais haven, the tide being half spent. 
Great fight was made there between our men and 
them : and one William Coxe. master of a bark of 
mine called the Delight, did first board her ; who 
sithen that time is slain, And so others, in boats 
and small pinnaces, did very valiantly behave them- 

' There were eight. 

' Signalled ; prepared to move when the giin was fired. 
* None of the Spanish ships were burnl, and he wrote in the 
b^cT that there were only six fire-ships. 



DEFEAT OF THE 



selves ; which was better done by reason that my 
Lord Admiral did stay off and on, with some good 
ships with him, to give comfort and countenance to 
our men. 

But after his Lordship perceived that our men 
had quietly possessed her, as we might judge of it, 
then his Lordship, with such as were with him, did 
bear room after the Spanish fleet, the wind being at 
the SSW., and the Spanish fleet bearing away NNE., 
making into the depth of the channel ; and about 9 
of the clock in the morning we feat' near unto 
them, being then thwart of Gravelines. They went 
into a proportion of a half moon. Their admiral 
and vice-admiral, they went in the midst, and the 
greatest number of them ; and there went on each 
side, in the wings, their galleasses, armados of 
Portugal, and other good ships, in the whole to the 
number of sixteen in a wing, which did seem to be 
of their principal shipping. My fortune was to 
make choice to charge their starboard wing without 
shooting of any ordnance until we came withi n si x 
score ^ of them, and some of our ships dicTToilow me. 
Tlie said wing found themselves, as it did appear, 
to be so charged, as by making of haste to run into 
the body of their fleet, four of them did entangle 
themselves one aboard the other. One of them re- 
covered himself, and so shrouded^ himself among 
the fleet ; the rest, how they were beaten, I will 
leave it to the report of some of the Spaniards that 
leapt into the seas and [were] taken up, and are now 
in the custody of some of our lleet. 

The fight continued from g of the clock until six 
of the clock at night, in the which time the Spanish 
army bare away NNE. and N. by E., as much as 

' Feat=fetched : the past tense of fett=fetch. 

* Gunnersseemlohavecounted thcnbypaces, Cf-ZCJA App. C. 

• ConceaJed, sheltered. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



I 



they could keeping company one with another, I 
assure your Honour in very good order. Great 
was the spoil and harm that was done unto them, 
no doubt I deliver it unto your Honour upon the 
credit of a poor gentleman, that out of my ship there i 
was shot 500 shot of derpi-cannon. culverin, and | 
demi-culverin ; and when I was furthest off in dis- 
charging any of the pieces, I was not out of the shot 
of their harquebus, and most times within speech one 
of another. And surely every man did well ; and, 
as I have said, no doubt the slaughter and hurt they 
received was great, as time will discover it ; and 
when every man was weary with labour, and our 
cartridges spe nt, and munitions wasted ' — I think 
in some altogether — we ceased and followed the 
enemy, he bearing hence still in the course as I 
have said before. 

The 30th day the wind continued at WNW., 
verj' much wind ; and about three or four of the 
clock in the afternoon, my Lord Admiral shot off a 
warning piece, and put out a flag of council ; to the 
which myself, I was not able to go by reason of a I 
hurt that I had received in my hip, by the reversing! 
of one of our demi-cannons in the fight. But after 
the council was ended, my Lord Admiral sent 
aboard me a gentleman of his, both to see how I did, 
as also to tell me that my Lord Seymour had order 
to repair back again, to guard the Thames mouth 
from any attempt that might be made by the Duke 
of Parma ; and that I was to attend upon him, and ^ 
all the rest that were of his former charge ; and that 
we should bear away in the twilight, as^ the enemy 
might not see our departing. And so. obeying 
the commandment which was brought unto me by 
Sir Henry Palmer, Sir John Hawkyns, Mr. Fenton, 
• Expended. 



12 DEFEAT OF THE 

Mr. Beeston, and Mr. Baker, and likewise advertised 
to me from my Lord Henry Seymour, and by my 
nephew John Wynter, whom I did send aboard 
(being my lieutenant) to the council, to know what 
order should be taken, all agreeing with the message 
delivered unto me by my Lord Admiral's servant, I 
did about 8 of the clock in the night, a-being then 
little wind and veered to the NE., bear back again 
through our fleet ; and truly we had much ado with 
the staying of many ships that would have returned 
with us besides our own company. 

The 31SI day — we had the wind at SSW. — we 
recovered as high as Badsey Cliff; there we were 
forced to anchor in the sea (with very much wind), 
upon the ebb, about three of the clock in the after- 
noon, and so continued all that day, and the night 
following. 

The 1st of August, as we were weighing of our 
anchors and to turn to windward in hope to win the 
North Foreland, the Lord Henry Seymour, our 
Admiral, sent the pinnace called the Delight, to 
show us that we should bear room for Harwich to 
take in our victuals ; and about one of the clock we 
came and anchored in Harwich. So that here I 
have declared unto you as much as I do know of 
that which hath happened from my coming lastly 
into my Lord Admiral's company, until this present 
time. 

And now I will deliver unto you what 1 do 
think where the armies may be, and what my 
opinion is, and of the course that they, the Spaniards, 
mean to take. 

First, when that I departed from my Lord Admiral 

as aforesaid, which was in the bottom of the channel. 

half way between the coast of Holland and the coast 

of England, I left them thwart of Lowestoft ' ; and 

' MS. Leistof. 



SPANISH ARMADA 13 

anything thai I could perceive, and by the 
course that the Spanish army did hold, considering 
what a fresh wind it hath blown sithence that time, 
they cannot be less way now to the northward than 
at Flamborough Head upon our coast. If my Lord 
Admiral follow them, as he had in purpose, they dare 
not anchor, for fear of such a stratagem as lately 
hath been used ; to the which, if it should happen, it 
would put them by their ground tackle, and so 
should they be utterly undone. And to bear with 
Hamburg, I think it a very dangerous place for 
such huge ships and such a number ; and then, 1 do 
not know, except they go with the Naze of Norway 
or the Frith in Scotland, where they should take 
any succour, except it should be that they do bear 
about the north part of Scotland, and so go about to 
recover back into their own country again that 
way; or else, they must be forced to abide their 
fortune, and to tarry ' a wind to bring them back this 
way again : which, by their flying, it seemeth they 
are not willing to do ; and in my conscience. I speak 
it to your Honour. I think the Duke would give his 
dukedom to be in Spain again. But the worst is to 
be reckoned of. 

It were very necessary that victuals were pro- 
vided; [and that] municions^powder. shot, match.) 
lead, an d canvasj Qjnake cartridges — which is greatly' 
wasted, were likewise made ready to be sent to 
furnish the wants [of the ships], and especially of 
such as be good ; for I dare assure your Honour, if 
you had seen that which 1 have seen, of the simple 
service that hath been done by the merchant and 
coast ships, you would have said that we had been 
little holpen by them, otherwise than that they did 
make a show. May it please your Honour, in this 

' ^Vait for. Cf. Troi/us and Cressida, I. i. 1 5 ; 'He thai will 
haxt a i"al;e out or the wheat must needs tarry die grinding,' 



14 



DEFEAT OF THE 



case there would ' be no sticking for charge ; for if 
they [be] well handled at this time. I taist your 
Honour and I shall never be troubled whilst we 
live with ihem ; nor the Queen's Majesty during al! 
the years of her life, which, I trust in God, shall be 
mariy and happy. 

Thus most humbly taking my leave, I desire 
God long to preserve you with health and good 
life. Written aboard the Vanguard in Harwich 
Road, this ist of August, 1588, at 7 of the clock 
at night. 

Your Honour's most assured to his power, 

VV. Wynter. 



August \.~SEYMOUR TO WALSVNGHAM. 
[oozlv. 4.— Holograph, Addressed :— For her Majesty's afiaiTS.] 

Sir : — Upon our present arrival at Harwich, the 
first of August, and since the time I despatched my 
former letters, there came Mr. Nicholas Gorges 
with .seven merchant ships of London, nothing well 
manned, but better appointed of munition and 
powder, and victualled for one month, whereof one 
week is past 

They would gladly be resolved at my hands 
what I shall direct them for service, either for my 
Lortl Admiral or the Narrow Seas ; which, when I 
shall know your further pleasures, they shall be 
thereafter directed. 

So having nothing else to trouble you, do take 
my leave. From abo;trd the Rainbow, this first of 
August, 1 588. 

Your assured friend to command, 

H. Sevmoub. 



SPANISH ARMADA 15 

I met with Mr. Gorges upon the seas, unknow- 
ing ' of his being there till I came to Harwich. Sir, 
the gentleman is frequented with his old infirmity of 
bleeding, and therefore [1] could wish another in his 
place ; albeit I hardly believe you can match him 
about London. 



\ 



August 2.— THE MAYOR AND CORPORATION 
OF WEYMOUTH TO THE COUNCIL. 

[ocxiv. 11.^ — Signed. Addressed. Endorsed.] 

Right Honourable Lords, our duties premised : — 
Whereas long sithence we have made humble suit 
unto your Lordships that this town might be pro- 
vided of ordnance to remain here to her Majesty's 
use, for some defence of town and country ; and, for 
the belter use thereof, [we] have with great charge 
builded a platform ; which places, notwithstanding 
this dangerous time, and peril of this coast, are 
hitherto unprovided. And for that the 22nd of July 
last, upon the first sight nf the enemy in these parts, 
[we] have sent forth four ships and pinnaces in war- 
like sort, to join with pur very good Lord, the Lord 
Admiral, manned with 300 men at the least, leaving 
our town destitute : — May it please your Lordships 
to be advertised that a great ship or carrack, taken 
from that enemy, arrived the 23rd of the said July 
into the road of Portland ; in which was ordnance, 1 
powder, shot, and other commodities, in some part 1 
unladen, as in an inventory herein enclosed may 
certify your Lordships, and to what uses the same 
hath hitherto been employed : And, for that certain 
ordnance therein are now landed, yet remaining in 
this place, and in our understanding, some part 



i6 DEFEAT OF THE 

thereof fit to remain here for her Majesty's behoof 
and safeguard of the coast : 

Our most humble request unto your Lordships 
is that, in respect of the necessity of our former suit 
therefor, and the present want of ordnance, as well 
in this as in other times that may happen of danger, 
some part of the same ordnance may, by your Lord- 
ships' warrant, be continued in this place ; the choice 
whereof in number or otherwise we commit to your 
honourable consideration. 

And forasmuch as divers commodities, as we 
suppose.^ in that carrack may perish, without great 
care had, and some part vendible in this place, if it 
might further please your Lordships that we may 
buy any such, or refuse, before oilier, at reasonable 
prices, to be rated by such as shall be therefor 
authorised, we shall acknowledge all duty unto our 
good Lords, and beseech God to increase victory 
over her Majesty's enemies. And do take our leave. 
Weymouth and Melcombe Regis, the second of 
August. 158S. 

Your Lordships' ready at all commands. 

Richard Pitt, Mayor. 

Wm. Dotherell.^ Hugh Rendoll. 

John Brooke. John Moket,° Bailiff. 

John Bellpytt. William Pit. 

Bartholomew Allen.* John Wade. 



' MS. behofe. * Suppose = are informed 

' In 1599 signed Doltrell. * In 1599 signed Allan. 

' Mayor in 1599 {S.P. Dom. Elii. ccbxii. 19 and 33, I.) 



SPANISH ARMADA 17 



ARTICLES FOR EXAMINATION OF 

PRISONERS. 

[ccziv. 16. — Endorsed : — Articles appointed by the Lords of the 
Council for the Spanish prisoners to be examined upon.] 

1 . When the fleet came from Lisbon ? 

2. Whether, at their coming to the seas, there 
was any proclamation or denunciation publicly 
made of hostilities with England. What was the 
contents of the same ; and, if it were done by 
writing, where is the same ? 

3. Whether the intention of the fleet was to 
invade and conquer England or no ; and who 
should have had the principal charge of that 
enterprise ? 

4. Where they should have landed ; and 
whether their meaning were to take the City of 
London ; and what they meant to have done if they 
had taken it ? 

5. What they meant to do with the noblemen, 
gentlemen, and other subjects of quality, as well of 
our religion as of the other ? 

6. What the Englishmen should have done that 
came with them ; and whether they had not espe- 
cial direction whom they should spare and whom 
they should kill ; or where were they to receive it ; 
and what it was ? 

7. What they have heard or know of any help 
or succour that they should receive upon their 
landing in England ? 

8. What forces did they look for out of France 
to join with them ? 

9. Whether the King of Spain would have 
retained this realm for himself, or given it to any 
other ; and who that is ? 

VOL. II. c 



1 8 DEFEAT OF THE 

10. What principal noblemen of the Spanish 
or Italian nation be in this fleet? 

1 1. What Englishmen they know to be in this 
fleet ? 

1 2. What treasure was taken in the ship where- 
in they were taken ? 

13. What ordnance, armour, munition, and 
other furniture ; victuals, armour &c., was therein ? 

1 4. What was the number of the vessels ; and 
where they missed any ? 

1 5. Whether there be any other preparation to 
come hereafter for the defence of this fleet ; and 
what number of men, ships, and furniture there are ? 



August 2.— EXAMINATION OF SPANISH 

PRISONERS. 

[ccxiv. 17.] 

August 2nd, 1588. — The examination of the 
Spanish prisoners in Bridewell, which were taken in 
the ship called the Nuestra Seftora del Rosario of 
Ribadeo, in the parts of Galicia, of the burden of 
1 , 1 50 tons. 

Vicente Alvarez, captain of the said ship. 

To the ist, he saith they departed from Lisbon 
the 29th of May, stilo novo} 

To the 2nd, that about four or six days before 
they departed from the port of Lisbon, proclama- 
tion was made with the sound of three drums in 
every ship, by special persons thereunto appointed, 

* It will be seen that the date of leaving Lisbon varies between 
the 29th and 30th N.S. — that is, the 19th and 20th. Presumably 
they did not all go out in one tide. 



SPANJSn AKMADA 



19 



who had the same delivered them in writing by 
the Duke of Medina Sidonia, at the commandment 
of the King, that all such ships as should be taken 
that did properly appertain to the Queen of England 
should be adjudged to the King, with their whole 
furniture and ordnance &c. ; and all ships appertain- 
ing to particular persons should be adjudged prize 
lo the taker thereof; and that there was no other 
proclamation of hostility, whether in the city of 
Lisbon nor elsewhere, that he heard. 

To the 3rd, he saith that they were specially 
directed unto the Duke of Parnia, who by the 
general report was the man that should take upon 
him the conquest of England ; and that the Duke 
of Medina Sidonia had order to deliver his forces 
over unto the Duke of Parma, and to follow his 
directions in all things. 

To the 4th, he saith that it was openly spoken 
that the place of their landing should be within 
the river of London ; and it was resolved by the 
whole company, as well captains as soldiers, that 
in what place soever they should enter within the 
land, to sack the same, either city, town, village, or 
whaLsoever, 

To the 5th. he saith that they were determined 
to put all to the sword that should resist them, but 
they had no particular charge to use greater ex- 
tremity to one than to another. 

To the 6th, he saith he brought seven or 
eight Englishmen in his ship, but he never under- 
stood of any particular order that was given to 
them, cither for the sparing or killing of one more 
than another. 

To the 7th, he saith it was commonly bruited 
amongst them that a third part or one half of the 
realm of England would join to their aid so soon 
as they should enter on the land. 



20 DEFEAT OF THE 

To the 8th, he saith that it was certainly 
understood there that the Duke of Guise would aid 
them with 30,000 men ; and that being offered to 
be crowned King of France, refused the same till 
the wars were ended with England. 

To the 9th, he saith that he knoweth not any 
certainty thereof, but it was a question among them 
that if the Duke of Parma should conquer this land, 
who should then enjoy it, either the King or the 
Duke ? and it was suspected that it would breed a 
new war between them. He also heard that the 
King of Spain would establish the Inquisition in 
this realm. 

To the loth, he saith that there are of men of 
great title and of the principal blood in this Armada, 
to the number of 52 persons ; whereof are these 
following : Duke of Medina Sidonia ; Principe de 
Ascoli ^ ; Conde de Xelves ; the son and heir of 
the Conde de Lemos ^ ; the cousin of the Duke of 
Medina ; the Marquis of Penafiel ; the Earl of 
Parades ; the sons of Ruy Gomez de Silva ; the 
sons of Don Diego de Cordova ; the sons of the 
Earl of Barajas ; Don Alonso Martinez de Leyva, 
&c. 

To the 1 1 th, he saith that he knoweth not any 
of the English more than those seven which came 
in his ship, whereof two had come to the Court, one 
with Sir Francis Drake, and the rest, William 
Stucley, the pilot of the ship, Richard Brierley, and 
one more, passed forth of the ship before they were 
taken, promising to fetch them more aid. 

To the 1 2th, he saith there was in the ship 
wherein he was taken, a chest of the King's, wherein 
there was 52,000 ducats, of which chest Don Pedro 
de Valdes had one key, and the King's Treasurer 

* Antonio Luis de Leyva, Principe dc Ascoli. 
^ D. Pedro de Castro. 



SPANISH ARMADA 






or the Duke, another ; besides 4.000 rials of this 
examinanl's, and many other of the gentlemen had' 
good store of money aboard the said ship. Also 
there was wrought plate of the Duke's and Don 
Pedro, but to what value he knoweth not ; and tfiat 
there was great store of precious jewels and rich 
apparel ; and thinketh there was not four ships so 
rich in the whole armada. 

To the 13th, he saith that there was in his ship 
53 pieces of brass ordnance of the King's, great 
and small, of which the Duke commanded forth 
seven or eight of them Into a pinnace ; so as, he 
saith. there was 50 pieces, whereof some weighed 
75 quintals.' 70. 65, 60, and the least 18 quintals, 
and to every piece. 200 pellets of Iron at the least, 
and powder, 100 quintals. Corslets, 150; pikes, 
250 ; cahvers and muskets, 493. with swords and 
daggers. Wine of Xeres, Candy,'^ and Ribadavia, 
130 or 140 pipes ; vinegar, 10 pipes ; oil, 2 pipes ; 
rice, 16 pipes ; beef, 10 pipes ; fish, 3 pipes ; 
biscuit, 70Q quintals ; neats' tongues and bacon, 3 
pipes ; calves, 3 ; sheep, 50. All which was left by 
them aboard when they were taken. 

To the 14th, he saith that there were 152 sail of 
ships and galleys, great and small, which came out 
of the Groyne In Gallcia ; whereof there was but 
four galleys in all, and they were wanting, and two 
pinnaces, when they met with the English fleet. 

To the 15th, he saith that there were, at their 
departure, 14 or 16 sail of great ships, from 800 to 
1,000 ton, in preparation at Lisbon, to bring victual 
and furniture to the aid of this armada ; and saith 
that there are with them, of all nations, English, 
Irish. Scottish, Flemish. French, and Italians; but 
what number he knoweth not. 

' She had no guns of ihis weight. See/i/ji", August 29. 
' Candia. 



22 DEFEA T OF THE 

[The other examinants are Juan de Viana, master of 
the said ship ; Gongoro, doctor of physic ; Joseph Peiegrin, 
sergeant of the company to Don Alonzo de Gayas ; Diego 
de Campos, a soldier ; Marcos de Aybar, sei^eant of a 
band ; Don Sancho Pardo ; Mateo de Fries, a soldier ; 
Grcgorio de Sotomayor, Portuguese ; Alonzo de la Sema 
de Safra, entrctenido ; Luis de Ribera, del Puerto de 
Santa Maria ; Alonzo Vazquez dc Jaen ; Pedro Martin 
Cabrito dc Eijha, Their answers are not so full as those 
of Vicente Alvarez, but are in essential agreement Another 
deposition of Gregorio de Sotomayor is given. 

The examination of Giovanni Gaietano (ccxiv, l8), in 
Italian, sergeant of the company of Pedro de Leon, on 
board the Capitana of D, Pedro de Valdes, has no par- 
ticular interest] 



CONFESSION OF GREGORIO DE SOTOMAYOR. 

[ccxiv. 19. — Englished. The original Portuguese has not been 
preserved.] 

The voluntary confession of Gregorio de Soto- 
mayor, written under his own hand in the Pordnga] 
tongue, and translated verbatim. 

To the 1st, that I am called Gregory de 
Sotomayor ; and my brother's name, Stephen de 
Sotomayor, naturals of the town of Melga^o, in the 
kingdom of Portugal. My father's name -was Gon- 
(;alo de Sotomayor, and my mother was called Lady 
^lary de Orasto. Trade or occupation, we have 
none ; but do live by our goods and rents. 

To the 2nd, where the soldiers were levied ? 1 
answer that at the time when they were prepared, 
1 was ai mine own house, which is 70 leagues from 
Lisbon, so that I knew not from whence nor where 
thcv wiTir provided. In the kingdom of Portugal 
tli' ( f paraiion of men; but when they 



SPANISH AJiMADA 



n 



embarked themselves, they commanded 2,000 Por- 
tingals to go aboard upon pain of death. 

To the 3rd. I answer that we set sail out of 
Lisbon the 28th of May, being in all 130 ships ; and 
that there was in them 35.000 men in all. whereof 
20,000 were fighting soldiers. We came to the 
GrojTie, but what time I remember not. There we 
took In fresh victuals, as beef, water, fish, oils, and 
vinegar ; from thence we set sail for this coast, to 
have joined with the Duke of Parma. 

To the 4th, I say it was muttered among the 
soldiers that, joining with the Duke of Parma, they 
would divide their people into two parts ; and that 
the one part should have come directly for London, 
and for the other, there was no speech whither they 
should go. 

To the 5th, I say the common report was that 
in the realm there would rise great store of people 
in the favour of the King of Spain, but especially in 
this city of London ; and the report was there should 
be in all 15,000 men. 

To the 6th, concerning what treasure there 
was in the fleet, I say there was great stores of 
money and plate which came in the galleon wherein 
the Duke de Medina was, and in the ship of Don 
Pedro de Valdes which was taken, and in the 
admiral of the galleasses, and in the galley royal, 
and in the vice-admiral wherein was general John 
Martinez de Recalde, and in the vice-admiral 
whereof was general Diego Flores, and in the vice- 
admiral of the pinnaces, and in the vice-admiral of 
the hulks, and in a Venetian ship in whom came 
for general Don Alonso de Leyva. The report 
goeth that this ship brought great store, for that 
there came in her the Prince of Ascoli, and many 
other noblemen. This is all I know touching the 
treasure. 



DEFEAT OF THE 



^/« 



To ihc 7lh, whether I know of any traitors ? I 
say I do not know any, but would be glad to have 
known ihcm, for to have given her Majesty under- 
standing of them, as a good PortlngaL And for the 
30 ships which the report goeth are to come with 
succour for this fleet, it is said they bring great 
stores of treasure. This is all that I know as well 
of the interrogatories as otherwise, which I ratify 
with that which heretofore being examined 1 have 
said ; and would be glad that I knew more, both for 
the service of her Majesty and preservation of this 
kingdom. 

I declare further that King Philip did command 
thill the Hcct should be victualled for 6 months, but 

I Luis Hezar and Francisco Duarte of Cadiz did 
victual them but for 4 months, and with that which 
WM^jQUght.aiul-J 'otten . For which occasion the 
King commanded them to be apprehended ; and so 
they remained prisoners in Portugal at our coming 
;iwiiy. And this is the very truth. 



AhumsI 3.~ ARTICLES FOR THE EXAMINATION 
OF PRISONERS. 

[mxIt. 90.— Autograph uf Lx>rd Buighlcy.] 

In what place and time was the war published 
by the King iigainst England ; and in what sort 
wus the iirniy hmiuHl to make advantage of their 
victories, of ships, of treasure ; and what part 
ihertHif should be to the King : and what to the 
Itt-ntTnl, Admiral, ;uul to the takers ? 

How wiis it meant the spoils of London and 
i^lhrr towns should be (nirted ; and what profit 
should ho rt;stT\'rd for the King? Whether it was 
meant to have taken .uiy to ninsom or no? 



SPANISH ARMADA 25 

If they had possessed England, what was meant 
towards Scotland, and to the King, being of the 
reh'gion ? 

In what sort was meant to have preceded with 
Ireland ? 

To inquire of him who were his first takers ; 
what quantity of treasure he had on shipboard ; to 
whom it was delivered ? 

What might be the value of the spoil of his 
ship ? 



ARTICLES FOR THE EXAMINATION OF 

PRISONERS. 

[ocxiv. 21.] 

Articles to be ministered to Don Pedro de 
Valdes and his associates. 

1. What was the end and purpose of the King 
of Spain his sending so great an army by sea into 
these parts ? 

2. If his purpose were to invade the realm, with 
what honour and conscience the King could do the 
same, considering that her Majesty refused the 
sovereignty of the Low Countries, being offered 
sundry times unto her, as well by the general 
provinces ^ as the united provinces ? 

3. At what time the examinate was made privy 
that the investiture of this crown was conferred by 
the Pope upon the King of Spain, or upon that 
prince that should marry the King's daughter, and 
who that prince is ? 

' The * general provinces ' would seem to mean the provinces 
singly, as Holland, Zealand &c. ; the * united provinces ' arc the 
collective body. 




DEFEAT OF THE 



1 



4. Whcdier it were rcsolred diat dKsaid Kii^ 
dKwld retain the otmn. or tbe prince sbould have 
it that riuxild marry his dat^Kr ? 

5. How and in what sort they meant to have 
dealt with the King of Scots, who pretendetb to be 
a successor to this crown ? 

6. What princes Catholics were parties or coa- 
tiibutorics to this enterprise, and what each of them 
did contribute, upon what conditions, and what 
support they look for out of France, from whom, 
and from what place ? 

7. Whether they had any direction to harbour 
in France, in what place, and whether the same 
were with the French King's privit)' and assent ? 

8. Whether they had any direction to repair 
into Scotlantl, to what place, and what party they 
looked for to have had there ? 

9. Which were their two places where they 
should have madt* their descent here in this realm ; 
how, by whom, and with what numbers the same 
should have been made, and what party they did 
look for here ? 

10. Wli(;n the wars were proclaimed against 
F.ngland. and in what sort? 

11. Whether, after their departure from Lis- 
bon anil their repair to the Groyne, they had any 
consultation whether it were fit to proceed in the 
enterprise or not ; and whether they did impart unto 
their said King their resolution, and what direction 
they received thereupon from him ? 

13. Whether they had any iiitelligence that the 
Lord Adniinil was in Plymouth before their de- 
[mriure fnim the Groyne; by whom they had the 
void intelligence ; whether they had any meaning to 
attempt iinything against him there ? 

13. Wh«t were the nuinlHTs of their ships at the 
tiinc i>f their de|v»rtiin" fr\Hn Lisbon, and what were 



SPANISH ARMADA 27 

the number of soldiers, mariners, and voluntaries 
in the same? 

14. What money, jewels, and plate was in the 
ship wherein he was taken, and to whom the same 
was delivered at the time of his taking, and to 
whom he yielded prisoner ? 

15. What number of ships were prepared with 
men, munition, and victuals to be sent after them ; 
and in what place they were prepared, and to what 
place they were directed to repair ? 

16. Which of the Englishmen in the army were 
privy to the secrets of the enterprise ? 

17. Whether there was any intent to attempt 
anything in Ireland ; how, by whom, and with what 
forces ? 



August ^—EXAMINATION OF DON PEDRO DE 
VALDES. 

[ccxiv. 22, — Signed. Spanish.] 

Examination of Don Pedro de Valdcs, taken 
on the 4th of August, 1588. 

. I. He saith that the King sent this armada to 
the Prince of Farma for to clear the way, so as he 
might land in this kingdom and conquer It. 

2. He salth that it lieth not with him to answer 
if the King did well or ill, being a subject, and 
unable to judge the actions of his prince. 

3, 4, 5. He denieth any knowledge thereof ; 
except that It was reported the Duke of Guise 
should have an understanding with the King of 
Spain in favour of the King of Scotland, 

6. He answers that he hath no knowledge 
thereof. 



28 



DEFEAT OF THE 



7. He saith that they had no intention to touch 
at any port in France. 

8. He saith that he knoweth not of any order 
to land in Scotland. 

g. He saith that for the place where they were 
to land, it would be ordered by the Prince of 
Parma ; except that if they met with foul weather, 
they intended to anchor at the Isle of Wight for to 
repair their damage. 

10. He saith that he knoweth not if war had 
been declared. 

n. He saith that off of the Groyne they met 
with a tempest, by which the greater number of their 
ships were dispersed, whereof the most part put into 
havens on the coast of Biscay, others in Asturias, and 
others came on this coast ; after the which they took 
counsel whether they should proceed or no, and it 
was resolved to collect the whole army together and 
proceed ; which they notified the King of the same, 
who sent them order to do as they had resolved. 

12. He saith that they received advertisement 
in Spain that the English fleet was at Plymouth, 
and should permit them to pass for to follow them. 
That on coming near this coast they took a fisher- 
man, which told them that the said fleet was at 
Plymouth ; whereupon the Duke called a council to 
consider of entering there and conquering the said 
fleet ; and this examinate was of opinion that it was 
not fitting to do so, because that the fleet was within 
the haven, whereof the mouth is so strait as not 
more than two or three ships could go in abreast, 

hich was insufficient for that action. 

1 3. The number of vessels, as well of great ships 
as of galleys and galleasses, should be about 100 ; 
of other vessels there might be 40. Of soldiers, 
sailors, gentlemen in the pay of the King, and volun- 
teers, there were 29,000. 



SPANISH ARMADA 29 

14. He saith there were near 20,cxxD ducats, as 
also vessels of silver worth another thousand. 

15. He saith that ten ships were being made 
ready at Lisbon ; he knoweth not how many were 
being armed in Andalusia ; and they should receive 
order at the Groyne what they would do. 

16. He saith that none of the English are privy 
to the design &c. 

17. He saith there was not. 

18. He saith that he knoweth not of any promise 
to take up arms in favour of the King. 

19. He saith that the Duke of Parma hath 
36,000 men, as well footmen as horsemen ; and 
some vessels, but small and only meet for transport. 

20. He saith that there was no order taken for 
the spoil on land. 

21. He saith that the Duke of Parma sent a fly- 
boat to Lisbon to understand the state of the fleet, 
as also the cause of their so long stay ; and that in 
company with the said flyboat, the Duke of Medina 
sent a pinnace ^ to the Duke of Parma, which did not 
return. 

22. He saith that they have few pilots, whereof 
the most part are Spaniards and unexpert ; and that 
there are few mariners. 

23. He saith that when they parted from the 
Groyne they had victual for four to four and a half 
months, and water for three months. 



August I,— WM, BORLAS TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[Holland, Ivi. — Signed. Addressed.] 

Right Honourable : — The last of July my Lord 
Governor was advertised by a small boat that came 
from the sea that there was one great ship of the 

* MS. zabra. 



30 DEFEAT OF THE 

Spaniards lying between Ostend and the Sluys. 
Whereupon my Lord sent out presently three men- 
of-war that lie here before the town, and I myself 
went out in them ; so that the same day about one 
of the clock we came where he was, having been 
beaten and dispersed from the fleet by her Majesty's 
ships ; yet he fought with us two hours, and hurt 
divers of our men ; but at the last yielded himself. 
The commander in her was Don Alonso^ de 
Pimentel, the son and heir of the Marquis de 
Tavara. There was another marquis's son in her, 
and divers particular gentlemen of good account I 
was the means that the best sort were saved ; and 
the rest were cast overboard and slain at the entry. 
There was slain in her two Englishmen ; the one 
was a brother of my Lord Mountagu's, as your 
Honour shall see by a letter that I found in the ship. 

The same morning there was driven ashore 
between Nieuport and Ostend another great ship, 
where there was all the commanders that were in 
her fetched ashore by them of Nieuport These 
are the names of them that were in her : — The Mar- 
quis de Penafiel ; Don Francisco de Bobadilla, 
Master de Campo General ; a son ^ of Don Diego de 
Cordova, Master of the Horse to the King, and a 
great personage of their religion. The ships both 
are brought in here, with great store of ordnance 
and munition in them. This, with my most humble 
duty, I leave your Honour to the Almighty God. 
Flushing, the 3rd of August, 1588. 

Your Honour s most dutiful to command, 

Wylliam Borlas. 

> In error for Don Diego, camp-master of the Tercio de 
Sicilia, serving on board the San Mateo (Duro, ii. 77, 285). 

* D. Felipe de Cordova ; according to Duro (ii. 66-7), both 
he and Penafiel were in the San Marcos ; Bobadilla was with the 
Duke in the San Martin (ii. 246, 372). 



SPANISH ARMADA 31 



August 3.— IVVLLUGHBY' TO WALSYNGHAM. 

[Holland, Ivi. — Signed. Addressed.] 

Sir : — This morning I arrived here, having by a 
contrary wind staid on shipboard these two days and 
two nights. I had well hoped that the men sent for 
hence nad been despatched away before my coming, 
having been here three days at the least ; but I find 
it far otherwise, neither any shipping provided for 
them. I hope now there will be no great need 
to use them, seeing it hath pleased God so well 
to bless us and prevent the enemy's intention. 
Nevertheless, I will do my best to send them away 
presendy, according to their Lordships' order. But 
if there shall be no great need of employing them 
there, it were very needful they were returned 
hither again ; for the enemy will not be idle, but, 
to repair their honour, will attempt something 
presently ; and the want of them may gready hazard 
some place of importance. 

Upon my arrival here, I understand that the 
Duke of Parma, upon advertisement of the success 
of their fleet, hath earnestly protested to take 
revenge of these countries and islands. In the 
meantime, he hath disarmed the burghers in the 
most towns they hold, by reason whereof great 
discontentment is fallen amongst them ; and the 
mariners, which he had got together to be employed 
at sea, refuse the service, and are grown into a 

* Peregrine Bertie, Lord Willoughby, or — as he chose to spell 
it — Wyllughby, of Eresby, the * brave Lord Willoughby ' of the 
ballad, was bom in 1555. At this time he was Lord General of 
the Queen's forces in the Low Countries. He died in 1601, and 
was buried at Spilsby in Lincolnshire, where there is a monument 
to his memory. His eldest son Robert, created Earl of Lindsay 
in 1626, was Admiral and Captain General at Sea in 1635. 



32 DEFEAT OF THE 

mutiny. The Duke himself hath thereupon ordered 
to be slain ten or twelve of them ; but the rest, not- 
withstanding, are retired and dispersed, and refuse 
to serve in that sort 

Those that are taken here cry out upon the 
Duke of Parma, that they are betrayed by him, 
because they were not seconded according to their 
expectation. 

And so leaving the success of all things to the 
good pleasure of the Almighty, I commend you also 
to his most holy protection. 

From Middelburg, the 3rd of August, 1588. 

Yours to be commanded, 

P. Wyllughby. 



August 1.—KYLLYGREW TO WALSYNGHAM. 

[Holland, Ivi— Signed.] 

It may please your Honour : — In my last unto 
your Honour, dated the last of July, I gave you to 
understand of the President Vandermyle's motion 
made in council, upon the report of a great battle 
between her Majesty's navy and the Spanish. 
Yesterday were assembled together about the same 
matter all the colleges : the Council of Estate, the 
States General, the States of Holland, the Council 
of the High Court, and of the Provincial ; whom 
the President Vandermyle, with a forcible and wise 
oration, persuaded to this effect : — That, considering 
the enemy hath stretched himself farther at this 
time than heretofore, by raising of extraordinary 
power both by sea and land for the invasion of 
England, as it is thought and consequently the 
ruin and overthrow of these provinces, it might 
please them to consider how necessary it were for 



SPANISH ARMADA 



n 



^ 
% 



them, by some extraordinary means, to provide for 
their own defence ; and if heretofore, at sundry 
times, the private danger of some particular cities, 
as of Haerlem. Leyden, Antwerp, and now lastly of 
Gertruidenberg (which yet could not so nearly touch 
the common cause), have moved them willingly to 
bear a great charge, how much more now at this 
time, when they see the enemy shoot directly at the 
main mark, ought they to force themselves, and in 
courage, forwardness, and liberality, to overcome 
themselves in the defence of their lives, of their 
wives and children, of their privileges and liberties, 
of their religion and the cause of God, which, as 
they have hitherto maintained so many years against 
a prince so mighty, not by their own power, but 
by the wonderful hand of God, so were all their 
pains, ail their charges utterly lost, if now at the 
last gasp they should seem to relent. And whereas 
the enemy hath now advanced himself so far as to 
come even before their doors, and, if he had not 
found resistance of her Majesty's navy, might have 
entered into their coast long ere this, if now in this 
lime of extremity they shall not yield some special 
testimony of their forwardness to assist her Majesty 
in the common defence, how just occasion shall be 
given her more sparingly to afford them any aid 
hereafter ; whereas no doubt, by their willingness 
at this present, her Highness may be induced to 
continue her favour towards them with increase. 
The sum of all was this : that for the furnishing of 
40 ships more it was necessary to levy some two 
hundred thousand florins. The motion was gene- 
rally allowed, and the Council themselves, who 
never heretofore have been taxed in such kind of 
extraordinary contributions, have been contented at 
this time to bear part of the charge for example to 
the rest. 



34 



DEFEAT OF THE 



Now, what report cometh unto us here touching 
the Spanish fleet and her Majesty's, your Honour 
may perceive by the enclosed. I did also see a 
letter from the Admiral Justinus to Count Maurice, 
written the next day after the fight between Dover 
and Calais, wherein he signified 14 of her Majesty's 
navy were come to assist him ' before Dunkirk, 
and protested he was resolved there to live and die. 

The ships of North Holland, understanding the 
enemy was so near, made some stay to go to the 
fleet, but are now purposed, out of an hundred sail 
which lie in the Vlie, to send thirty choice ships 
thither, which they say shall be ready within 
10 days. Her Majesty's letter unto them of Ger- 
truidenberg was most acceptable to these men, 
and they would fain have had the original, as I 
suppose, to refute all such as might hereafter stand 
upon the like terms, under pretence of her Majesty's 
i,ame : but my Lord General excused himself, and 
gave them a copy. They do not find it convenient 
to deliver the letter, now that all matters at 
Gertruidenberg are appeased. For the effectuating 
of the President Vandermyle's motion, the Council 
are to take their journey some into one quarter, and 
some into another. The Chancellor of Gueldres ' 
and myself are appointed to Utrecht, whither this 
day {3 Augitsti) we are going. 

Thus, with remembrance of my most humble 

duty to your Honour, I beseech the Almighty to 

preserve continually both you and yours. At the 

Hague, the 3rd of August. 

Your Honour's most assuredly to be commanded, 

H. Kyllycrew. 



' There is no mention of this in the letters from the fleet. 
They must have been some of the small craft, apt enough for 
such service, but useless in the clash of contending fleets. 

» Or GeldLTland. 



SPANISH ARMADA 35 

It may please your Honour to impart the 
substance of these unto the rest of my Lords, with 
excuse that I cannot at this, being on my journey, 
write particularly to their Lordships, 



August ^.— LEICESTER TO WALSYNGRAAf. 
[ccxiT. 23.— Signed. Addressed.] 

Mr. Secretary : — Your letters dated yesterday at 
the Court I received this morning at the camp. 
And albeit I do think that you have received such 
news as be brought me before this time, yet, not- 
withstanding, 1 will advertise [you] thereof likewise ; 
which is, besides the certainty of the Earl of Derby's 
arrival with [the] rest of the Commissioners at 
Dover yesterday, that upon Friday ' last, two of the 
greatest carracks that the King of Spain had in his 
fleet, being scattered ^ from the rest, made the best 
sail they could to recover the Escluse" haven ; but 
being discovered by some Flushingers, they made 
out, with ail the speed they could, certain men-of- 
war, which did encounter and fight with them : but 
the carracks being great vessels, well manned and 
full of good artillery, defended themselves until 
certain other men-of-war, Zealanders that rid before 
Dunkirk and Flanders coast, hearing the fight, came 
to their aid : and yet, nevertheless, these carracks 
fought it out until they saw no remedy ; but in the 
end they were taken and brought to Flushing, 
where they now be. This is written unto me for 
certain, and I do not doubt but that it is true. Thus 

' By Borlas's letter {antt, p. 19) and Howard's Abstract 
{pott, p. 58) it was on Wednesday. 
• Separated. Cf. vol. i, p. 3S9- 




36 



DEFEAT OF THE 



for the present I commit you to God. In haste, at 
Tilbury Camp, this 4th of August, 1588. 

Your very loving friend. 

R. Leycester. 



August ^.—SEYMOUR TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[ocxLT. 26.— Holc^raph, Addressed.] 

Sir:- — By the receipt of your two last letters 
dated the 2nd of August, and sent by my servant 
Floyd, it seemeth her Majesty is graciously pleased 
with the service which happened the 29th of July 
lust iiast, which advantage God forbid our enemies 
had had the like of us ; but I hope God alone doth 
fight for us. 

Concerning Mr. Nicholas Gorges' infirmitj-, his 
good will and care is such to prefer her Majesty's 
service, that I doubt both the gentleman and the 
ser\*ice ; and therefore would gladly favour him. 
wishing he might be discharged by )-our honourable 
direction. Likewise, if j-ou shall think it good. Mr. 
Thomas Kn)"\"ct,' that hath accompanied him ever 
since, may ver^' well be admitted for sufficient among 
A great many that have been allowed most service- 
As toudiiRK the Lords Commissioners, if you 
had not forewairned me to have had care <A tfaem, I 







K m <te (ante or Ike bRS of Bm b 


i< 'lisnrrf^rwgiiBaBaaKtbdicrotdie 


1. —-'-<' of Scncn^ Intel, tke E>ri <ir 


t' '■ t>c<B uwd«r TWms Kignec, 


iv - :Se ty«ta« « Btwn KaTrct of 


k» --^ »!.»*». «<ibec«|«i»iofiW 


^S< IhxaKl ml S<79r>« •» the 



SPANISH ARMADA 37 

had not failed to have done my part therein, had I 
been a stranger unto them, in respect of the honour 
of her Majesty and my country. 

I have likewise advertised Justinus de Nassau of 
our late conflicts, wishing' him to stand upon his 
guard, and that we will be ready to assist him with 
the next favourable winds. 

I am hkewise advertised that these Hollanders 
have lighted upon these argosies which we did dis- 
tress, and that they have received great spoil 
thereof 

Thus, praying that God may continue these 
violent and strong winds to the further distressing 
of the Spaniards, do leave you to your infinite cares 
of this troublesome time. From aboard the Rain- 
bow, this 4th of August. 158S, in Margate Road, at 
1 1 of the clock in the night. 

Your assured friend to command, 

H. Seymour. 

If you think the [ships ^] shall need any further 
supply of victuals, it would be considered in time; for, 
as I take it. Mr. Gorges' company do expire 3 weeks 
hence, and we have taken in our victuals at Harwich 
the 3rd of this month of August, which is almost 8 
days difference. 

I have not yet received my Lords' other letters, 
which you should ^ send me by my lieutenant. 



August \.—FENNER TO WALSYNGHAM 
[ociiT. 87.— Holograph. Addressed.] 

Right Honourable: — I assure myself you are 
ascertained of our encounters with the enemy on 

' W is hing= praying, desiring. * Word omitted in MS, 

' I was told you would send. 



38 



DEFEAT OF THE 



Monday, the 29th of July, in long continuance and 
great force of shot on both sides ; many of their 
ships wonderfully spoiled and beaten, to the utter 
ruin of three of the greatest sort, beside the cutting 
off the galleass, the enemy thereby greatly weakened. 

A thing gready to be regarded, that the 
Almighty hath stricken them with a wonderful fear ; 
in that I hardly have seen any of their companies 
succoured of their extremities which befell them 
after their fights, but left at utter ruin, without 
regard,' bearing always as much sail as possible they 
might, holding the rest of their army together. The ' 
want of powder, and shot, and victual hath hindered 
much service which otherwise might have been per- 
formed in continuance with them, to their utter 
subversion in keeping them from water. There were 
many ships in our fleet not possessed with three 
days' victuals. 

The causes aforesaid considered in council, the 
second of this instant in the morning, pursuing the 
enemy until we came into 55 degrees and about 
two and thirty leagues from our coast in that height : 
it was thought meet for the safety of men's lives 
and shipping, the wind being southerly, to shape our 
course for the Frith in Scotland, to relieve our wants 
with water and such other things as the benefit of 
that place would yield, thereby to attain that place 
for the better regard both of England and Scotland. 

It was intended, at our coming thither, that my 
Lord of Cumberland should have passed unto the 
King of Scots, to acquaint his Majesty of the acci- 
dents that had happened ; as also to stir his Majesty 
to provide some defensive power, if the enemy 
should draw unto his coasts; wherein her Majesty's 
power should assist with all their force. 

Two pinnaces were left to follow the fleet afar 
' Notice taken of them, ' Our. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



39 



P 



off, until they' were shot' beyond the Isles of 
Orkneys and Shetland, unto which place they con- 
tinued their courses. And if, by any change of 
wind, they shaped their course otherwise, then, if 
wind would permit, the pinnaces [were] to advertise 
us at the Firth ; and^ not finding us there, to come 
alongst our own coast with the advertisement. 

The 2nd of August, about 12 of the clock at 
noon, we hauled west, the better to recover our 
coast to attain the Frith, the enemy going away 
North-West and by North, as they did before. 

Being hauled in fifteen leagues west, the 3rd of 
August in the morning, about ten o{ the clock, the 
wind came up at North-West. Counsel therefore 
taken — it was thought meet to take the benefit 
thereof for our reliefs of powder, shot, and victual, 
and so as to bear with all possible speed to the 
North Foreland ; and as ^ if the enemy should return, 
we might be beforehand furnished of some of our 
wants, the readier thereby to offend ^ them. 

I will deliver your Honour mine opinion, wherein 
I beseech your pardon if it fall out otherwise. I 
verily believe" great extremity shall force them if 
they behold England in sight again. By all that I 
can gather, they are weakened of eight of their best 
sorts of shipping, which contained many men ; as 
also many wasted in sickness and slaughter. Their 
masts and sails much spoiled ; their pinnaces and 
boats, many cast off and wasted ; wherein they shall 
find great wants when they come to land and water, 

' Sc. the Spaniards. 

■ Advanced, got. Cf. vol. i. p. 242, where the word is used in 
the same sense, also by Fenner. 

» Or, if they did not find. * So that. 

* Compare Milton, Paradise Lost, \. 187 : 'Consult how we 
may henceforth most offend our enemy.' 

• That unless great extremity force thcoi, they will not 
bcboia &c. 



DEFEAT OF THE 

which they must do shortly or die ; and where i 
how, my knowledge cannot imagine. As the wind 
serveth,' no place but between the Foreland and 
Hull. Considering the shallows and sands ^ not 
greatly to be doubted, the hugeness and great 
draught of water in their ships considered, and 
otherwise the wind as it is at Norih-West, thi 
have no place to go withal, but for the Scaw 
Denmark, which were an hard adventure as 
season* of the year approacheth. If the wind 
change suffer them, I verily believe they will pass 
about Scotland and Ireland to draw themsdves 
home ; wherein, the season of the year considered, 
with the long course they have to nm and their 
sundry distresses, and — of necessity — the spending 
of time by watering, winter will so come on as ir 
will be to their great ruin. 

God hath mightily protected her Majesty's foi 
with the least losses that ever hath been heard 
being within the compass of so great volleys of shi 
both small and great. I verily believe there is ni 
three score men lost of her Majesty's forces. God' 
make us and all her Majesty's good subjects to 
render hearty praise and thanks unto the Lord of 
Lords therefor. 

I will ever hold myself bound for your honoi 
able and godly points in your letter of the 25th 
July, so as to depend upon the good providence 
God, unto whom I will, both in season and out of 
season, call upon him, with a faithful assurance that 
he will defend his from the raging enemy who 
goeth about to beat down his word and devour 
his people. My trust is their imaginations shall fall 
upon themselves, as a just plague for their wicked* 

' With the wind at N.W. by N., they can fetch no place but 
' The influence or effect of which is not greatly &c. 
* Sc. the bad season. 



and 



I of 




SPANISH ARMADA 



b 



ness and idolatry, God continue me such as your 
expectation in me and other of my name be not 
deceived ; and that we may continue as faithful 
servants and subjects to her Majesty ; not regarding 
the peri! of life, to slack any one jot in that is meet 
for men to do in this her Majesty's needful service, 
God mightily defend my gracious mistress from the 
raging enemy ; not doubting but that all the world 
shall know and see that her Majesty's little army. 
guided by the finger of God, shall beat down the 
pride of his enemies and hers, to his great glory ; 
unto whom I betake your Honour. From aboard 
the good ship of her Majesty the Nonpareil, this 
4th of August. 1588. 

Your Honour's in all love and 

duty for ever to command. 

Thomas Fenner. 

Within two hours after the writing of this letter 
the wind came up al South-West, so as thereby the 
enemy was able neither to seize' England, Ireland, 
Scotland, Flanders, and hardly the out isles of 
Scotland, This 4lh day and 5th. especially at night, 
continued very great storm at South-West. [we] 
being forced to ride out in the sea the extremity 
thereof. Which storm hath, in mine opinion, 
touched the enemy very near ; for divers considera- 
tions following viz. : the great sea-gate ^ about those 
isles ; the hugeness of their shipping, who were so 
light as in fair weather would hardly bear their 
topsails ; also the cold climate they are in toucheth 
ihem near, and will do daily more and more. Mine 
opinion is they are by this time so distressed, being 

' 'Seize ' appears to be used in the same sense as recover, or 
aa the modem ' make ' or ' fetch.' 

• Swell ; cf. Manwayring. 85 : ' There can no great sea-gate 
come in.' ' Gate ' means going, motion, and ' sea-gate ' may be 
compaicd with the modern 'seaway,' or 'run of the sea.' 



DEFEAT OF THE 

so far thrust off. as many of them will never see 
Spain ' again ; which is the only work of God. to 
chastise their malicious practices, and to make them 
know that neither the strengths of men, nor their 
idolatrous gods can prevail, when the mighty God of 
Israel stretcheth out but his finger against them. 
God make all her Majesty's good subjects thankful. 
Thomas Fenner. 




August ^—BOROUGH TO WALSYNGHAM. 

[ooxiv. 24. — Signed. Addressed : — For the affaire of her Majesty. 
Deliver this to the post at Rochester. Minuted : — Received 
at Rochester by a sailor which came afoot the 5th day of August 
at 8 in the forenoon.] 

After my duty unto your Honour in most humble 
wise duly considered : — I have received from your 
Honour two letters ; one. by my servant, bearing 
date the 30th of July ; the other, of the first of this 
month, from the Court at St. James; which last 
came by way of post to Margate, and from Margate 
was sent me by water, which 1 received here 
yesterday in the forenoon ; whereby 1 understand 
that Captain Bellingham hath the charge of ten 
merchant ships, with which he is appointed to go 
to the coast of Flanders, to join there with the 
Hollanders and Zealanders for keeping in the forces 
of the Duke of Parma at Dunkirk and Nieuport ; 
and that my Lords of the Council have appointed 
me, with the galley, to continue at the Land's End,^ 
to give warning to the army now lying at Tilbury, 
in case the Duke of Parma should, with the help of 
an easterly wind, slip upon this coast, 

I suppose my Lords' and your Honour'smeaning 

' MS, Spayngnc. 

' The Utnd's End in Sheppey is Shell Ness. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



43 



I 



is, that I should remain with the galley here, where 
I am ; which I mean to do. But because the last 
letter, sent by way of post, was directed to Margate. 
I may doubt that the Land's End ' therein specified 
might be meant the point of Thanet by Margate, 
and if it be so. I will remove thither when I shall 
understand your further pleasure therein. 

My purpose is, if I shall perceive the forces of 
the Duke of Parma to approach this place, to go up 
the river before the same ; and by the way to be 
shooting off great ordnance, to give warning, to the 
country and army at Tilbury, of the coming of the 
enemy, until I come as high as Gravesend, where I 
purpose to stay and stop a gap with the galley, at 
anchor or otherwise, between the two blockhouses 
there, with her prow towards the enemy, to join 
with those forts to impeach their landing and 
passage higher up the river. Where if 1 be not 
spoiled and overthrown by the enemy, and that they 
pass by that place up the river towards London, I 
will follow after them, by the permission of the 
Almighty, and will do them what spoil I can, so 
long as life shall last 

There are now riding against Leigh ten ships, 
which I suppose are those that Mr. Bellingham 
hath charge of. Captain Gorges, with seven ships, 
and certain hoys and barks laden with victuals for 
the Lord Henry Seymour and his fleet, put off from 
the North Foreland on Thursday last at night, to 
seek the Lord Admiral. The Lord Henry Sey- 
mour with his fleet (for want of victuals) put into 
Harwich upon Thursday last. I pray God bless her 
Majesty and all her forces, and send happy success 
and victory over our enemies. 

Written aboard the galley, at anchor in the 
mouth of Thames, between the Land's End in 
' Probably Fore Ness. 



44 



DEFEAT OF THE 



Sheppey and Little Wakering in Essex, the 4th of 
August, 1588. at 8 of the clock in the forenoon. 
Your Honours' most humble and 

ever ready at command, 

W. Borough. 

Postscript, on the outside. — The ten ships set sail 
at Leigh to come down the river, after this letter 
was sealed. W. B. 



August 6.-SEYM0UR, WYNTER, AND PALMER 
TO THE COUNCIL. 

[coxiv. 39.— Signed Addressed.] 

We have received your Lordships' letters, dated 
at St. James the 4th of this present, delivered unto 
us by John Wynter, riding between Margate and 
the North Foreland, and troubled with a great 
storm at the WSW., by the which it appeareth 
that her Majesty would have us to consider upon a 
fit strength to be left here in the Narrow Seas, for 
the keeping in of the Prince of Parma, to be left 
under the government of Sir Henry Palmer, knight ; 
and thai I, the Lord Henry Seymour, with Sir 
William Wynter and the rest, should repair to the 
North parts, for the better strengthening of the Lord 
Admiral. Whereupon conference hath been held 
among us, to the which the wisest, skilfullest 
masters and pilots of our companies hath been 
called. 

First, it may please your Lordships to under- 
stand that the last news we had of the Lord 
Admiral being with our army was by a ship that 
came to Harwich upon Friday last ; who declared 
that the Wednesday before, about 3 of the clock 



SPANISH ARMADA 45 

in the afternoon, he saw the Lord Admiral with his 
army athwart of Yarmouth, more than half seas 
over, bearing after the Spanish army, the wind 
being then by the South-East, a indifferent wind to 
have gone to the North or else to the South. But 
he said the Spanish army bare away, with all the 
sails they were able to make. North and by West ; 
which doth ai^e a meaning In theiu not to return, 
as we conjecture ; since which time the wind hath 
been continually between the SSW. and WSW., 
blowing for the most part a storm, so that we do 
reckon them to be very far to the northwards. 
Emden or Hamburg we think they dare not bear 
witha], with ships of such charge as they have ; and 
then must they be forced to go with the Skaw, or 
to bear, with some of the south winds, in Norway 
for we think they can fett ' no part of Scotland, 
because that they are ships of no vantage in sail- 
ing, And if we should go the northwards to seek 
the Lord Admiral, it would be a great chance 
for us to meet his Lordship, the odds of ten to 
one, 

The weather hath been such as no man hath 
wen able to look upon the coast of Flanders this 
seven or eight days past ; nor yet that any there 
hath or can put forth. And If there were any 
Flushingers or Hollanders attending about Dunkirk, 
^ it seemeth by your Lordships' letters that therf 
was, we do assure ourselves this weather, which of 
l3ie hath happened, hath put them all roome with ^ 
flushing. Herewlthal your Lordships shall receive 
3 note of such ships of war as are now In our 
company. 

Your Lordships shall understand that, in plying 
W get the North Foreland from Harwich, the 

' Fetch. 

■' Hath forced them all to bear up for Flushing. 



46 DEFEA T OF THE 

Vanguard hath spent her main tc^mast, the weather 
was such ; which, by God's favour, shall be supplied 
from Sandwich with a new one to-morrow : and then, 
although this wind be westerly, which doth keep in 
the Dunkirkers and all those upon that coast, yet 
we mean to show ourselves there, that they may 
know we are ready to receive them, if their stomachs 
will serve them to come forth when they have 
opportunity of weather. 

This long foul weather past may breed a later 
summer ; wherefore we humbly pray your Lordship 
that ye will send us victuals from time to time, as 
we may make a reckoning never to have less in us 
than three weeks' victuals at the least. Also we 
humbly pray your Lordships that there may be sent 
us by the officers of the Tower, 500 ells of canvas ; 
as also 200 quires of paper royal for to make 
cartridges. 

And lastly, for our opinions : If your Lordships 
keep this force here in strength, with such help as 
the Hollanders and Flushingers may join to ours, 
we hope in God to put Parma and his consorts 
besides all his Italian devices. We know that the 
Lord Admiral's purpose, at our departing, was not 
to urge any further fighting with the Spanish army, 
but to follow them, and to make head if need were ; 
and for that purpose his Lordship's strength was 
sufficient, as it was thought by my Lord and his 
council. And weighing the uncertainty of our 
meeting with his Lordship, if we should seek after 
him, and the certain service we shall be able to do 
here, we conclude that it is better for us to keep our 
strength here than otherwise to put it to hazard. 
Nevertheless, we are to obey your Lordships' 
pleasures. So most humbly taking our leaves, do 
beseech God long to preserve her Majesty and your 
Lordships. Written in the Downs, aboard the 



SPANISH ARMADA 



47 



Rainbow (with the wind West-South-West), the 
6th of August, 1588. 

Your Lordships* humbly to command, 

H. Seymour. 
W. Wynter. Henry Palmer. 



August 6.— A LIST OF SHIPS WITH LORD 

HENRY SEYMOUR. 

[eeziv. 39, 1. — Enclosed in the foregoing.] 

The 6th of August, anno 1588. 

A note of the names of all the ships that are 
now serving her Majesty under my charge, viz. : — 

The Rainbow. 
Vanguard. 
Antelope 
Tiger. 
Bull. 
Scout. 

Tramdntana. 
Achates. 

Spy, .absent by leave. 
Merlin. 



The Sun. 

Fancy, absent by 

leave. 
Cygnet. 
George Hoy, absent 

at Flushing. 
Bonavolia, absent at 

Nore-head. 
Brigandine. 



Hull 



Ipswich and Harwich 



Hastings . 

Rye 

Hythe 



Coast Ships. 

The Griffin. 

Little Hare. 

Handmaid. 

William. 

Katharine. 

Primrose. 

Anne Bonaventure. 

William. 

Grace of God. 



DEFEAT OF THE 



The Elizabeth.' 
Reuben. 
Hazard, absent at 

Harwich. 
Grace, 
Mayflower. 
William. 
John. 



Dover . 
Sandwich 
Feversham . 

Yarmouth 

Lynn 

Colchester 

Chichester and Romney 

Ships which came from London under the 
charge of Mr. Nicholas Gorges, Esquire: — 

The Susan Pamell. The George Bonavenlure. 
Violet. Jane Bonavenlure. 

Solomon. Vineyard. 

Anne Frances. Samuel, absent. 

Ships which came from London under the 
charge of Henry Bellingham : — 

The George Noble. The Antelope. 
Anthony. Jewel. 

Toby. Pansy. 

Salamander. Providence 

Rose Lion. Dolphin. 



Aug^ist t.— T}{E STATES OF ZEALAND TO 

THE QUEEN. 

[Holland, Ivi — Signed. Endorsed. French.] 

Madam : — It greatly rejoiceth us to understand, 
by your Majesty's letters, your good contentment 
with our service, which, notwithstanding the ex- 
ceeding charges arising out of the tumults in this 
country, we have willingly made for the common 
defence against the enemy before Dunkirk, whereby, 
' MS. Elin Nathan. 



SPANJSH ARMADA 

besides the good effect of the same, we hope that 

your Majesty, being truly instructed, will be the 

more favourably disposed towards us ; for that our 

fleet, under the charge of Count Justinus of Nassau, 

being happily arrived and riding off of Dunkirk at 

the very time of the discovery of the armada of 

Spain, the forces of the Prince of Parma, then 

ready to put to sea, were, by the same, closely 

locked in and stayed within the said Dunkirk ; 

whereby we have so seconded the victory of your 

Majesty's ships of war, as not only have we thus 

easily made ourselves masters ' of these three 

Spanish ships here, partly taken, partly wrecked, 

but also that the battle- of the armada of Spain, 

being pursued by the English ships, hath been con- 

str^ned to bend its course northwards, seeing no 

hope of succour from the Prince of Parma, whereon 

they chiefly depended, as the prisoners report, who 

Say that the said armada was straitly commanded 

by the King of Spain to bear at once with Calais 

and Dover, where they should find or stay for the 

forces of the Prince of Parma, having also no boats 

nt' for landing withal, but should be furnished with 

we same by the said prince. Which prince, - 

although he was ready and his soldiers embarked, 

nehas been and now is so closely locked in by our 

S"ips in the havens of Nieuport and Dunkirk, that, 

notwithstanding all his force, we hope by the grace 

of God that he will be unable to come out, and that 

your Majesty's ships shall have occasion to prevail 

"^^rihe rest of the Spanish fleet, which we under- 

cersiand it to be altogether beaten and spoiled. 

And whereby our said service, in keeping and 
locking in the forces of the said prince, hath been 

' MS, impalranis. 

' MS. le (orps dt tarmade, the main body of the fieet. 
' MS. idohies. 
VOL II. E 



so 



DEFEAT OF THE 



the chief cause of the overthrow ' of the said 
armada, we understand that in place of attributing 
to us and to our fleet a part of the victory, that our 
ill-wishers do unjustly blame us for that our ships 
should have been withdrawn, as unwilling to assist 
your Majesty's ; although it is apparent that the 
defeat of the said armada of Spain doth consist 
chiefly and entirely in this, that the said prince, re- 
maining where he still is, was unable to succour 
and strengthen it with his forces ; and especially do 
we desire to assure your Majesty that we will not 
cease to use all possible diligence, to the end he 
may rest liwrked in where he is. 

But to give your Majesty some intelligence of 
that has passed here. It will please your Majesty 
'to understand that out of the Spanish ships which 
were already utterly spoiled by the ordnance of your 
Majesty's ships, there are 400 prisoners, whereof are 
persons of quality as yet known, the following-: — 
Don Diego de Pimentel, Don Juan de Velasco, 
Don Juan de Toledo, Captain Martin de Avalos, 
Captain [Francisco] Marques, Captain Alonso de Var- 
gas, [Here enclosed is the confession of the camp- 
master PimenteV and of others lately come to us 
out of Holland, whereby your Majesty shall be fully 
advertised of the truth, as also by the depositions of 
two sailors ^ escaped from the Spanish fleet.*] The 
prisoners do hold it for a miracle that amongst the 
slain, as well the English ordnance as our own. 
for the little it did, hath always struck down the 
principal traitors, and amongst others hath slain the 
banished English lords ; the list whereof, according 
to the confessions of the prisoners here — the chief 



' MS. dheipoir. 

■' MS. Itsqucls pour ei 

* See/oj/, pp. 75, 77 

• This sentence is wriiten as a note 



avom sor/i rtco^noistre. 
1 ihc margin. 



SPANISH ARMADA 51 

of them having Ijeen carried into Holland — is herein 
enclosed. Out of one ship, whereof D. Pedro de 
Toledo was captain, the said D. Pedro, with all the 
gentlemen of quality and their richest furniture, 
escaped in some boats sent out to them from Nieu- 
port. The two ships brought here, the ordnance 
thereof hath been saved by us. but all else hath 
been pillaged with great disorder ; and the said 
ships, as well as by cause of the damage they had 
received in fight, as by the bad conduct of the same, 
the one sank in the haven of Flushing, and the 
other athwart of Rammekens. The third sank 
between Ostend and Blankenberg, without anything 
being saved. 

All the prisoners, as well the gentlemen of 
quality as those of the common sort, agree that 
itieir intent was, with the aid and forces of the 
Prince of Parma, to attack England straightway, 
ihere being embarked in Spain about 40,000 men, 
vii., 20.000 soldiers volunteers, 10,000 constrained 
to serve,' and 12,000 mariners. And to this end 
tlie said prince still holdelh his army in readiness, 
■o the number of 25,000 men, with ships full of 
sddles, bridles, boots, spurs, and everything need- 
•ul for such an enterprise. It is reported tliat the 
King of Spain should have sent him the crown and 
S':eplre of England blessed by the Pope, and that 
ne should have been made king if the enterprise 
™ met with good success ; and truly he hath much 
Wie^ndence in the country, and receiveth certain 
s^enisements therefrom. 

^ ' MS. /frfflts, pressed men, in opposition to ihe previous 

"'"*' --'--• — r, Cf. ante, page 23, ' they commandeid 1,000 

!'<oard, upon pain of death." The word can here 

ites, for, though these numbers are much ex- 

■,-00 galley staves in the fleet could hardly be 

a,oco. Il must be remembered, loo, that the French 



52 



DEFEAT OF THE 



As the prisoners do report — wherewith other 
things concur — the rest of the armada of Spain, 
pursued by your Majesty's Heet, will return hither 
with the first occasion, and that the Prince of Parma, 
to avoid further blame and to remove the stains of 
the past, wherewith he is much despited, will second 
it, whatever may be the cost of the same, so that 
it is necessary to be watchful on all sides. May God 
bless and prosper ' the holy and virtuous plans and 
enterprises of your Majesty, and of your officers and 
servants ; hoping always that, by his grace, your 
Majesty shall gain renown and everlasting glory 
throughout the whole world in our just quarrel, 
seeking to cast down the heart of the hardened 
and outrecuid4 Pharaoh by the hand of a lady who 
has never given him cause of offence, so as it is 
not to be doubted that, by the means and extra- 
ordinary succour of God, your Majesty's justice and 
innocence will prevail over his pride. This, humbly 
kissing your Majesty's valiant hands, we beseech 
your Majesty to hold us always in your protection 
and safeguard. From Middelburg, the 1 6th of 
August, 1588. 

Your Majesty's most humble and 

must obedient servants 

The Council of the States of Zealand, 

and by their order, 



August J.SEYMOUR TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[ccxiv. 40,— Holograph. Addressed.] 

Sir : — We have omitted no time for taking in. 
the Lords Commissioners, who are this day arrived 
at Dover. 1 perceive by my Lord of Derby that the: 

' MS bienhtitrer. ' The signature is undecipheraWe. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



53 



I 
I 



Duke of Parma hath withdrawn his sea forces to 
Bruges and to Dixmude ; and that all the Spanish 
commissioners, the Count Aremberg and the rest, 
were met by the post of Antwerp at Bruges town's- 
end ; also news came to Calais that Breda was 
revolted ; and doubted at Calais, by common opinion, 
that the withdrawing of the Duke's forces was either 
forOstend, Bergen-op-Zoom, or Breda or some other 
peece.' It seemeth the Duke is in a ejreat chafe to 
see his ships no readier at Dunkirk, also to find such 
discomfiture of the Spanish fleet hard by his nose. 
I can say no more, but God doth show his mighty 
hand for protecting this little island, for his glory 
and to the honour of our country. God in heaven 
bless her Majesty and prosper all your honourable 
proceedings. From aboard the Rainbow, the 7th 
of August, 1588,31 Dover, going to-morrow out 
again with our navy. 

Your assured friend to command, 

H. Seymour. 

1 am advertised that some supply of victuals 
should come from Spain. I have again sent to the 
Flushingers, to understand their minds, which as yet 
I have no word [of]. Now her Majesty, if it please 
her, may take upon her the absolute government of 
Holland and Zealand. Also the India fleet could 
be met withal. 

August 7.— HOWARD TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[ocxiv. 42. — Signed ; autograph postscript. Addressed.] 

Sir : — In our last fight with the enemy before 
Gravelines. the 29th of July, we sank three of their 

' The writing is Seymour's, and is quite plain ; but surely he 
int to write 'place.' LT./o^/, p. lat. 



54 



DEFEAT OF THE 



ships, and made four to go room with the shore so 
leak ' as they were not able to live at sea. After 
that fight, notwithstanding that our powder and shot 
was well near all spent, we set on a brag counte- 
nance and gave them chase, as though we had wanted 
nothing, until we had cleared our own coast and 
some part of Scotland of them. And then, as well 
to refresh our ships with victuals, whereof most 
stood in wonderful need, as also in respect of our 
want of powder and shot, we made for the Frith, 
and sent certain pinnaces to dog the fleet until they 
should be past the Isles of Scotland, which I verily 
do believe they are left at their sterns ere this. 
We are persuaded that either they are past about 
Ireland, and so do what they can to recover their 
own coast, or else that they are gone for some part 
of Denmark. I have herewith sent unto you ^ a 
brief abstract of such accidents as have happened, 
which hereafter, at better leisure, 1 will explain by 
more particular relations.'' In the meantime I bid 
you heartily farewell. From aboard the Ark, the 
7th of August. 1588. 

Your very loving friend, 

C. Howard. 

Good Mr. Secretary, let not her Majesty be too 
hasty in dissolving her forces by sea and land ; and 
I pray you send me with speed what advertisements 
you have of Dunkirk, for 1 long to do some exploit* 

' Leaky. 

* Howard's secretary here wrote 'your Honour." The 'r* 
and ' Honour ' are erased, presumably by Howard's direction ; 
but it is worth noting that the letter, with this significant erasure, 
was sent to Walsyngham. 

' This is probably the Relation printed ante, vol. ). p. i. In 
comparison with this Relation, and the Abstract of Accidents 
whidi here follows, see the Journal of Medina Sidonia, post. 
Appendix E. 

' MS. dow some explyie. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



55 



on their shipping. If the Duke's forces be retired 
into the land, 1 doubt not but to do good. 1 must 
thank you for your favourable using' of my brother 
Hoby. He telleth me how forwards you were to 
further all things for our wants. 1 would some were 
of your mind. If we had had that which had been 
sent, England and her Majesty had had the most 
honour that ever any nation had. But God be 
thanked ; it is well. 



\ 



A BRIEF ABSTRACT OF ACCIDENTS. 
[ccxiT. 42, I. — Enclosure in the foregoing.] 

A Declaration of the Proceeding of the 
two Fleets. 

July igfA, Friday.'l Upon Friday, being the 
19th of this present month, part of the Spanish 
navy, to the number of 50 sail, was discovered 
about the Isles of Scilly, hovering in the wind as it 
seemed to attend the rest of the fleet ; and the next 
2oih, Saturday.^ day, at three of the clock in the 
afternoon, the Lord Admiral got forth with our 
navy out of Plymouth, though with some difficulty, 
the wind being at South- West. Notwithstanding, 
through the great travail used by our men, they 
not only cleared the harbour, but also the next day, 
21 si. Sunday.~\ being Sunday, about 9 of the clock 
in the morning, recovered the wind of the whole 
fleet, which, bemg thoroughly descried, was found to 
consist of 120 sail, great and small. 

At the same instant the Lord Admiral gave 
tbem fight within the view of Plymouth, from 
whence the Mayor.- with others, sent them con- 
tinually supplies of men, till they were past their 
' MS. yousyiig. ' William Hawkyns;, brother of Sir John. 



tei 



56 



DEFEAT OF THE 



coast. This fight continued till one of the clocK 
the same day, wherein the enemy was made to bear 
room with some of his ships to stop their leaks. 
The same day, by an accident of fire happening in 
one of their great ships of the burden of . . .^ tons, 
there were blown up with powder about 120 men, 
the rest being compelled to leave her ; and so she 
was by the Lord Admiral sent into the west parts* 
of England. 

12nd, Afonday.'] Upon Monday the 22nd one 
of the chief galleons, wherein was Don Pedro de 
Valdes with 450 men. was taken, by reason of his 
mast that was spent with the breaking of his bow- 
sprit.^ so as he presently yielded, with sundry 
gentlemen of good quality. 

22,rd, Tuesday.'] On Tuesday the 23rd the Lord 
Admiral, chasing the enemy, who had then gotten 
some advantage of the wind, and thereupon seemed 
more desirous to abide our force than before, fell in 
fight with them over against St. Albans, about five 
01 the clock in the morning, the wind being at 
North-East; and so continued with great force on 
both sides till late in the evening, when the wind 
coming again to be South-West, and somewhat 
large, they began to go roomwards.^ 

24M, lVednesday7\ The same night and all 
Wednesday the Lord Admiral kept very near unto 
25M, Thursday.] the Spanish fleet, and upon Thurs- 
day the 25th, over against Dunnose, part of the 
Isle of Wight, the Lord Admiral, espying Captain 
Frobiser with a few other ships to be in a sharp 
fight with the enemy, and fearing they should be 
distressed, did. with five of his best ships, bear 
up towards the admiral of the Spanish fleet ; and 



' Blank in MS. 
' Weymouth. 
* Strong, fresh. 



The ship V. 



5 the San Salvador, of 958 tons. 
^ MS. boare spitt. 
* To leeward ; they bore up. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



57 



I 



I 



BO breaking into the heart of them, began a very 
sharp fight, being within two or three score ' one of 
the other, until they had cleared Captain Frobiser 
and made them give place. ■ — 

26M, Friday.^ The next day, being the 26lh, 
the Lord Admiral only continued his pursuit of the 
enemy, having still increased his provisions, and 
keeping the wind of them. 

27/1!, Salurday.'\ Upon Saturday the 37th, about 
8 of the clock at night, the Lord Henry Seymour, 
Admiral in the Narrow Seas, joined with the Lord 
Howard in Whitsand Bay. over against the clifTs of 
Calais, and anchored together ; and the Spanish 
fleet rode also at anchor to leewards of the Lord 
Admiral, and nearer to Calais road. 

28M, Sunday.} The 2Sth, the Lord Admiral 
prepared seven ships, fitted with pitch, lar, and 
other necessaries, for the burning of some of the 
enemy's fleet ; and at i : of the clock at night, the 
wind and tide serving, put that stratagem in execu- 
tion, the event whereof was this: — Upon Monday 
29M. Afonday.'\ the 2gth, early in the morning, the 
admiral' of the enemy's galleasses, riding next to 
our fleet. let slip her anchor and cable to avoid the 
fires ; and driving thwart another galleass,' her cable 
took hold of the other rudder,'' and brake it clean 
away, so that with her oars she was fain to get into 
Calais road for relief. All the rest of the Spanish 
fleet either cut or let slip their anchors and cables, 
set sail and put to the sea, being chased from that 
road. 

After this the Lord Admiral sent the lieutenant* 
' Sc paces. 
' The San Lorenzo. 
' Really a galleon, the San Juan de Sicilia, of 800 tons. 

* There is here a strange confusion of pronouns. It was the 
San Juan's cable which took hold of the San Lorenzo's rudder. 

* Amyas Pieston. 



58 



DEFEAT OF THE 



of his own ship, with loo of his principal men, in a 
long boat to recover the galleass so distressed near 
Calais ; who after some sharp fight, with the loss of 
some men, was possessed of her, and having slain 
a great number of the enemies, and namely their 
captain-general of the four galleasses, called Don 
Hugo de Moncada, son to the Viceroy of Valencia, 
with divers gentlemen of good reckoning carried 
prisoners to the English fleet. In this pursuit' of 
the fireworks by our force, the Lord Howard in 
fight ^ spoiled a great number of them, sank three, 
and drove four or five on the shore ; so as at that 
time it was assured that they had lost at the least 16 
of their best ships. 

The same day, after the fight, the Lord Admiral 
followed the enemy in chase, the wind continuing 
at West and South-West ; who. bearing room north- 
wards, directly towards the Isles of Scotland, were 
by his Lordship followed near hand, until they 
brought themselves within the height of 55 degrees. 
30M, Tuesday^ The 30th, one of the enemy's 
great ships was espied to be in great distress by the 
captain* of her Majesty's ship called the Hope; 
who being in speech of yielding unto the said 
captain, before they could agree on certain condi- 
tions, sank presently before their eyes. 

■^ist, Wednesday^ It is also advertised that the 
31st, two of their great ships, being in the like 
distress, and grievously torn in the fight aforesaid, 
are since taken by certain Hollanders and brought 
into Flushing. The principal person of the greatest 
of them is called Don Pimentel, being also one of 
the Maestri del Campo. 

' Sc, following up ihe effect of &c. 

' The MS. has 'sight,' which appears to be a blunder of Ihe 
copying clerk. 

•■ Captain Robert Crosse. 



SPANISH ARMADA 59 

August &.— HOWARD TO IVALSYNGHAM. 
[ccxiv. 60. — Holograph. Addressed.] 

Sir : — I did write yesterday by my Lord of 
Cumberland, to her Majesty, to my Lord Treasurer, 
and to you, being athwart of Harwich, a-seaboard 
10 leagues. My Lord bare with a pinnace into 
Harwich ; I bare with some of the ships into Margate 
road ; where the rest be gone I do not know, for 
we had a most violent storm as ever was seen at this 
lime of the year, that put us asunder athwart of 
Norfolk, amongst many ill-favoured sands ; but I 
trust they do all well, and I hope I shall hear of 
them this night or to-morrow, 

I pray to God we may hear of victuals, for we 
are generally in great want ; and also that 1 may 
know how the coast ships of the west shall be 
victualled ; and also that order be taken for the 
victualling and for munition for the ships of London. 
1 know not what you think of it at the Court, but I 
do think, and so doth all here, that there cannot be 
too great forces maintained yet for five or six weeks, 
on the seas ; for although we have put the Spanish 
fleet past the Frith, and 1 think past the Isles, yet 
God knoweth whether they go either to the Naseof 
Norway or into Denmark or to the Isles of Orkney 
to refresh themselves, and so to return ; for I think 
they dare not return ' with this dishonour and shame 
to their King, and overthrow of their Pope's credit. 
Sir. sure bind, sure find. A kingdom is a great 
wager. Sir. you know security is dangerous ; and 
God had not been our best friend, we should have 
found it so. Some made little account of the Spanish 
force by sea ; but I do warrant you, all the world 
never saw such a force as theirs was ; and some 



J 




60 



DEFEAT OF THE 



Spaniards that we have taken, that were in the fight 
at Lcpanto. do say that the worst of our four fights 
that we have had with them did exceed far the fight 
they had there ; and they say that at some of our 
fights we had 20 times as much great shot there 
|Mied as they had there. Sir. I pray to God that we 
may be all thankful to God for it ; and that it may 
be done by some order, that the world may know 
we are thankful to him for it 

Sir, I pray you let me hear what the Duke of 
Puma dotn, with some sgesA ; and where his forces 
by sea are. 

Sr. in your next letters to my brother Stafford ' 
1 pray write to him that he wiD let Mendoza' know 
that oer Majesty's rotten sh^ dare meet with his 
master's sound shms ; aod m bufiedi^ with them, 
thiiuf*h they wen tnree great ships to ooe of us, yet 
we kftve sboncned tbem 16 or 17 ; w h ereof d>ere is 
durecof dien a-fidung m the boODm of the seas. 
God be thanked of d. Sir, I pc^ yen let this 



ndeaun reoetre thuds: be baifa weB deserved 
K «%li groM v«kwr. Sw, Mil Oiiifl^* and Mr. 
Vikvaaour* we wmky of graM n— 11 wliiiiiii for 



WW* ftvM 01^ irnivi^ ^ _ _ 



nc «»£ jwnariiflij -max ^r"^^ 



SPANISH ARMADA 



their valour. Sir. being in haste and much occu- 
pied, I bid you most heartily farewell. Margate 
road, the 8th of August. 

Your most assured loving friend, 

C. Howard. 

Sir. if I hear nothing of my victuals and munition 
this night here, I will gallop to Dover to see what 
may be [got] there, or else we shall starve. 



August 8. 
[ccziv. 49. 



-DRAKE TO WALSYNGHAM. 

In bad condition, and 






Holograph. Addressed. 

very badly written. -j 

Most Honourable. — The 8th of August I re- 
ceived your Honour's letter [of the] last of July, by 
the which I understand [how hard] a thing it is upon 
a sudden to procure [what] was and is most neces- 
sary for the defence [of such] an army as the King 
of Spain had se[l forth]. 

To conclude, let us all with one accord [praise] 
God the only [stock-] giver, who of his only [will] 
hath sent this proud enemy of his truth where he 
hath tasted of his power, as well by storm and 
tempest, as he doth and did by putting away from 

the coast of ^ Whether he mind to return 

or not I [know] not, but my opinion to your Honour 
is. that I [think] he neitlier mindeth nor is in case to 
d[o so]. Certainly their people were many sick, 
[and] without doubt many killed ; and that, [by 
report] of such as are taken, their ships, [masts], 
ropes, and sails much decayed by [shot], and more 
it had been had we not [wan]ted powder and &c. 

' Drake's writing, at its best, was very bad. When he was 
' half sleeping ' it was not at its best. 

' Perhaps in the sense of ' support." The MS. has ' steok ' 
plunU wrilten, but the meaning of it is very doubtful. 

* Tom away. Probably Scotland. 



I 



62 DEFEA T OF THE 

For that I assure myself my Lord Admiral 1 
advertised at large both what hath past and also 
what is meet now to do, and his Lordship departed 
for Dover before my coming to an anchor, I leave 
to write farther, desiring of God [to] bless our 
gracious Sovereign, as he hath [done, and] give us 
all grace to live in his service. Aboard her Majesty's 
good ship the Revenge, this 8th of August, 1588. 

Your Honour's most ready to be commanded, 
but now half sleeping, 

Fra. Drake. 



August %.— DRAKE TO WALSYNGHAM. 

[ccxiv. 48. ^Holograph. Addressed. Seal : the arms granted in 
1581 (a fess wavy between two stars), with the old family crest, 
an eagle displayed.'] 

Right Honourable : — This gentleman, Mr. Ose- 
ley,* hath carried himself most honestly ; and withal 
his advertisements of the King of Spain's army hath 
not done us little pleasure. His wants and some 
business hath procured him leave, but yet so as if 
there happen any service, he is presently to return. 

I have not in my former letter touched whether 
it be meet or no for her Majesty to continue her 
forces, for that some haply will say winter cometh 
on apace. My poor opinion is, that I dare not 
advise her Majesty to hazard a kingdom with the 
saving a little charge. The Prince of Parma is 
very,* and will not let to send daily to the Duke of 
Sidonia, if he may find him. Thus in haste I humbly 
take my leave, this 8th of August, 1 588. 

Your Honour's faithfully, 

Fra. Drake. 
' It does not appear that Drake ever used the crest granted 
in 1581, which has been used by the later representatives of his 

' See vol. i, p. 301. ^ A word omitted. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



August?,.— HENRY WHYTE TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[ooxIt. 43.— Signed, Addressed.] 

My duty most humbly remembered : — If It seem 
unto your Honour thai I have been slack in this 
duty, impute it, \ beseech you, to the long sickness 
and indisposition that haunted me. When we heard 
of the arrival of the Spanish forces by sea upon the 
coast, weak as I was, I embarked' myself to wait 
upon my Lord Admiral, who with all diligence 
addressed himself to go meet them ; which the 
second day after he put from Plymouth he did. 

The majesty of the enemy's fleet, the good order 
they held, and the private consideration of our own 
wants did cause, in mine opinion, our first onset to 
be more coldly done than became the value of our 
nation and the credit of the English navy; yet we 
put them to leeward, kept the weather^ of them, 
and distressed two of their best ships, whereof Don 
Pedro's was one. After that, our fleet increased 
daily; and as men and ammunition came, we plied 
them every day with more courage than other, until 
they came to an anchor before Calais, as your 
Honour may have heard. There it was devised to 
put them from their anchor, and seven ships were 
allotted to the fire to perform the enterprise ; among 
the rest, the ship I had in charge, the Bark Talbot. 
was one ; so that now I rest like one that had his 
house burnt, and one of these days I must come to 
your Honour for a commission to go a-begging. 

Sunday, the 28th of July, at night, about one 
of the clock,^ the enterprise was undertaken, which 
look good effect, though not so good as was ex- 

' MS, imbarked. " The wind, the weather gage. 

* More rorrcctly, ihtn, Monday morning, thf scjtii ofjuly. 



64 



DEFEAT OF THE 



pected ; for It drove ' two of their galleasses to be 
foul one of the other, so that the one plucked away 
the other's rudder, which afterwards drove ' into 
Calais haven aground upon the sands. The next 
morning, by the dawning, we found all the fleet put 
from their anchors, with the loss, by report of some 
of them that were afterwards taken, of loo or 120 
anchors and cables. Part of our fleet made haste 
to overtake the enemy ; my Lord Admiral, with 
another part, lingered a space, to see what would 
become of those he sent to attempt the galleon. Of 
their strength I say nothing, because I persuade 
myself your Honour is already sufficiently informed 
of it. As soon as we that pursued the fleet were 
come up within musket shot of them, the fight began 
very hotly. Myself was aboard the Mary Rose of 
the Queen's, with Captain Fenton, whose value for 
that day's service deserved praise. We had not 
fought above three hours but my Lord Admiral 
with the rest of the fleet came up, and gave a very 
fresh onset, which continued amongst us some six 
hours more ; and truly, sir. if we had shot and 
powder sufficient to have given them two such heats 
more, we had utterly distressed them. 

The next day it was decreed the Narrow Seas' 
fleet should go back ; and my Lord Admiral with 
the rest pursued the enemy, that fled before us 
with all the sail they could make, until he had 
brought them up well nigh as high as Berwick, 
having weakened their fleet, first and last, to our 
judgment of about twenty sail ; so there rested of 
them whole, when we parted, to the number of four- 
score sail, and all at liberty, if wind and weather 
hinder not, to practise in Scotland and attempt 
Ireland, if so they resolve not to return again this 
way. if weather serve as now It doth. 
' MS. dryve. 



SPAA'/SH ARMADA 



65 



I 



I 



By this my simple relation, your Honour may 
see how our parsimony at home hath bereaved us 
of the famousest victory that ever our navy mij^hi 
have had at sea. Our desire of victory is so great 
that we staid not to take the spoil of any of these 
ships we lamed ; but we understand some of them 
lighted to the lot of our friends in Flanders. I am 
now void of any charge in this service, and 1 would 
be loth to serve privately ; therefore I shall humbly 
beseech your Honour to have me in mind, according 
to your wonted goodness towards me ; for I assure 
your Honour, her Majesty's service hath utterly 
beggared me. But this comfort I have: her High- 
ness, with your Honour's furtherance, may easily 
remedy my grief. This, craving pardon for my 
tedious troubling of your Honour, 1 shall humbly 
beseech Almighty God for your Honour's pro- 
sperity. From Margate, this 8th of August, 1588. 
Your Honour's most bounden, ready to obey you, 
H. Whvte. 

Aug.Z.^SIR T. MORGAN TO LEICESTER, 
[ccxiT. 4t— Signed. Addressed.] 

Right Honourable : — I am arrived here at Mar- 
gate with 800 shot, musketeers, and small shot 
And further I am to advertise your Honour that 
the Prince of Parma hath in readiness about thirty 
or forty thousand men, and intendeth, as we hear, 
ihis next spring tide to put out his forces for 
England, hoping to meet with the King's fleet; 
for that he hath sent certain pilots with small 
pinnaces to conduct the navy.' Here is with me 

' All [his is mere hearsay, Pamia had, in fad, but little over 
iweniy ihousand : and, what with the Dutch fleei on ihe roast, and 
the English fleet in the North Sea, the sending out the small 
pinnaces seems very douhlful 

VOL II. F 



66 DEFEAT OF THE 

Captain Richard Wingfield and Captain Powell. 
Thus in great haste I take my leave of your Honour, 
humbly kissing your hands, and praying God to 
bless you in this honourable attempt. Margate, 
this 8th of August, 1588. 

Your Honour's at commandment, 

Tho. Morgan. 



Aug,%.—HAWKYNS TO THE LORD ADMIRAL. 

fccxiv. 46. — Holograph. Addressed:— -For her Majesty's service. 
In the Downs, or elsewhere near Dover.] 

The Queen's Ships : 

The White Bear The Swiftsure 

Victory Foresight 

Nonpareil Moon 

Hope White Lion 

Disdain 

The Ships of London : 

The Minion The Edward Bonaventure 

Golden Lion Diamond of Dart- 
Thomas Bonaven- mouth 

ture Minion of Plymouth 

Hercules Jacob of Lyme 

Red Lion Bark Hawkyns 

Royal Defence Chance of Plymouth 

Bark Burr John of Barnstaple 

Galleon Leicester Acteon 

Galleon Dudley Bark Flemyng 

Tiger of Plymouth Solomon of Aid- 
Bark Bonner borough 

Samaritan of Dart- William of Leigh 

mouth Katherine 

Delight Rat 



SPANISH ARMADA 67 

My very good Lord: — This Thursday, being 
the 8th of August, we came into Harwich with these 
ships that are above noted. We are in hand to have 
out the ordnance and ballast of the Hope, and so to 
ground her. With the next fair wind we mind. 
with those ships that are here, to follow your Lord 
ship into the Downs, or where we may hear of your 
Lordship, and to bring all the victuallers with us. 
There are three of the hoys ^ here already with beer 
and bread ; and the rest, being seven more, have 
order to come hither. We will relieve such as be in 
necessity, and bring away the rest with us. 

The Bear hath a leak which is thought to be 
very low ; yet my Lord ^ will follow your Lordship. 

The Elizabeth Jonas and the Triumph drave the 
last stormy night, being Monday ; since which time 
we have not heard of them. But, this fair weather, 
I hope your Lordship shall hear of them at the 
Foreland. As I write this letter more of the vic- 
tuallers are come. There is 1 4 days' victual in them 
for the ships under your Lordship's charge, as I 
learn. And so, praying to God to send us shortly 
to meet with your Lordship, I humbly take my 
leave. From Harwich, the 8th of August, 1588. 
Your honourable Lordship s most bounden, 

John Hawkyns. 

[ccziv. 45. — A copy of the foregoing sent to Sir Francis 
Walsyngham, signed, with autograph postscript.] 

This is the copy of the letter sent to my Lord 
Admiral, which I send to your Honour that ye may 
see in what state we are, and what we pretend. The 
wind is now bad for us to ply to my Lord, but we 
will lose no time. 

Your Honour's most bounden, 

John Hawkyns. 

* MS. whoyes. ^ Lord Sheffield. 

F 2 



DEFEAT OF THE 



August %.— SIR F. DRAKE TO THE QUEEN. 
[ccxiv. 47.— Copy.] 

The absence of my Lord Admiral, most gracious 
Sovereign, hath emboldened me to put my pen to 
the paper. On Friday last, upon good consideration, 
we left the army of Spain so far to the northwards 
as they could neither recover England nor Scotland. 
And within three days after, we were entertained 
with a great storm, considering the time of the year ; 
the which storm, in many of our judgments, hath 
not a little annoyed the enemy's army. If the wind 
hinder it not, 1 think they are forced to Denmark ; 
and that for divers causes. Certain it is that many 
of their people were sick, and not a few kilted. 
Their ships, sails, ropes, and masts needeth great 
reparations, for that they had all felt of your 
Majesty's force. If your Majesty thought it meet, 
it [would not be] amiss you sent presently to Den- 
mark to understand the truth, and to deal with their 
King according to your Majesty's great wisdom. 

I have not written this whereby your Majesty 
should diminish any of your forces. Your Highness's 
enemies are many ; yet God hath and will hear 
your Majesty's prayers, putting your hand to the 
plough for the defence of his truth, as your Majesty 
hath begun. God, for his Christ's sake, bless your 
sacred Majesty, now and ever. Written aboard your 
Majesty's very good ship the Revenge, this 8th of 
August, 1588. 

Your Majesty's faithful vassal, 

Fra. Drake. 



I 



H August 8. 

I [B.1C. HarL MB. «8H f. 136.— Holograph. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



-WALSYNGHAM TO BURGHLEY. 



My very good Lord: — Immediately upon my 
arrival at the camp 1 met with the Earl of Cumber- 
land, sent hither unto her Majesty from the Lord 
Admiral. By his Lordship's letter, whereof I send 
your Lordship a copy, you may perceive where he 
left the Spanish fleet. It is hard now to resolve what 
advice to give her Majesty for disarming, either by 
sea or by land, until it shall be known what is become 
of the said fleet. The Earl of Cumberland telleth 
me that the Lord Admiral would be this night at the 
Downs. And so I most humbly lake my leave. At 
the camp, in the Lord General's tent, the 8th of 
August, 1588. 

Your Lordship's to command, 

Fra. Walsyncham. 

The Commissioners landed this morning at 
Dover ; they write nothing touching the Duke of 
Parma's proceedings. 

August^.— WALSYNGHAAf TO THE LORD 
CHANCELLOR. 

[Harl. MS. 6994, f. 138.— Holc«raph. Addressed.] 

By the copy of the Lord Admiral's letters brought 
this day to the camp by the Earl of Cumberland, 
your Lordship may perceive what is become of the 
Spanish fleet. I am sorry the Lord Admiral was 
forced to leave the prosecution of the enemy through 
the wants he sustained. Our half-doings doth breed 
dishonour and leaveth the disease uncured. The 
Earl of Derby and the rest of the Commissioners 



70 



DEFEAT OF THE 



arrived this morning at Dover. The Lord Admiral 
Cometh this night to the Downs. And so I most 
humbly take my leave. At the camp, the 8th of 
August, 1588. 

Your Lordship's to command, 

Fra, Walsyngham. 



Aug. %.— PRINCE MAURICE TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[Holland, Ivi.— Signed. Addressed. French.] 

Sir : — For that I have caused the confession to 
be taken of Don Diego Pimentel. camp-master of 
the Sicilian regiment, a prisoner here, whereby you 
will be sufficiently informed as well of the designs of 
the King of Spain as of that hath passed betwixt 
the two tleets until the time of his imprisonment, it 
seemeth meet to refer the advertisement of these 
affairs to the said confession, as aJso to that the 
States-General and those of the provinces have 
written to her Majesty. Only this I will tell you : 
that, after the opinion of the said States, I have 
judged it fitting to put under sure guard all the 
prisoners brought hither from the two enemy's ships 
that were taken by our men, and that I have given 
commandment that the said Don Diego, belonging 
to one of the best families in Spain, and related to 
the greatest noblemen in the said kingdom, shall be 
treated according to his rank, as also all the other 
gentlemen and men of quality which hath been 
taken with them, to the number of about 25. The 
common soldiers have been divided in the prisons of 
the towns until it shall be seen what course their 
fleet taketh, and what may be the success of the 
sortie that the Duke of Parma seeketh to make 
from Dunkirk; thereafter to be ordered concerning 
tlieni as it shall be judged fitting. 



SPANISH ARMADA 71 

Sir, I pray you to advertise me of her Majesty's 
pleasure therein, and of that you shall judge con- 
venient, to the end I may pursue the same as far as 
we shall be able. This, I render you my most 
affectionate thanks for your good favour, and pray 
God to give you, with good health, a happy and long 
life. From the Hague, this iSth of August. 158S. 
Your affectionate friend to be commanded, 

Maurice de Nassau. 

Amgust &.— THB COUNCIL OF STATE OF THE 

UNITED PROVINCES TO THE QUEEN. 

[Holland, Ivi— Signed. Endorsed. French.] 

Madam : — For that God hath shown unto us his 
favour by inclining the heart of your Majesty to 
support the cause of these United Provinces, so 
many years assailed and troubled in this cruel war 
by the unhappy designs and violence of our enemies, 
which hath also for a long time practised by forcible 
and subde means to ofu;nd your Majesty's royal 
person and kingdom, we do assuredly hope and 
believe that the same God hath, in his goodness, 
given your Majesty the victory over your enemies, 
and, before the whole world, everlasting glory, such 
as is fitting to your royal virtues ; whereof, after 
many and great difficulties, we now behold the 
happy effects in the pursuit that your Majesty's 
army haih made of the mighty and proud forces of 
the King of Spain and of his allies, shattering the 
powers of divers princes that have leagued together 
against vour Majesty, the defender of God's church 
and of this country. We praise God for these great 
benefits, and pray him to bestow on your Majesty 
perfect victory over the said common enemy, which 
will be no less for the advantage of these provinces 
than for the honour of your Majesty. 



72 



DEFEAT OF THE 



We are sorely grieved that the rebellions and 
mutinies that have been in this State have taken 
away the most ready and apparent means that was 
prepared for the service of your Majesty, whereby 
your Majesty would have been further assured of 
the sincerity and good will there is here towards 
your Majesty's service, as is most meet, besides that 
the States do presently furnish, which hath showed 
themselves willing to pay another subsidy, to the end 
they may strengthen and increase their fleet, so as to 
be able as well for the service of your Majesty as 
for their own defence ; which your Majesty will, 
without doubt, be more fully advertised of the same 
by his Lordship, the Lord Wyllughby, your Majesty's 
Lieutenant in these parts. Thus we cease to trouble 
your Majesty, most humbly beseeching you to con- 
tinue your royal favour toward this country ; and, 
humbly kissing your Majesty's hands, we pray 
Almighty God to preserve your Majesty, for the good 
of your subjects and servants, in a happy and long life. 
From the Hague, this iSth day of August, 1588. 

Vour Majesty's most humble and most affec- 
tionate servants, the Council of State of the 
United Provinces of the Low Countries. 
Chr. Huygens.' 



Aug. Z.— THE COUNCIL OF STATE OF THE 

UNITED PROVINCES TO THE LORDS OF 
THE COUNCIL. 

[Holland, IvL— Signed. Addressed. French.] 

Sir : — We praise and glorify God exceedingly for 
that it halh pleased him at divers times to give 

' Christian Huygens, secretary of the Council of Stale, bom 
1555. died 1624. He was father of Constanline Huygens the 
poet, and grandfather of Christian Huygens the mathematician 
and aMronomer. 



b 



SPANISH ARMADA 73 

good success to her Majesty's navy against the 
common enemy ; and we are glad that her Majesty 
hath favourably considered of the service that hath 
been done by us. It were greatly to be desired that 
we could have seconded her with stronger forces 
than we have here at this time, thereby to render 
the victory more perfect. But the misfortunes which 
have befallen this State, from the extraordinary and 
unheard of mutinies excited amongst our soldiers, 
have deprived us of the me;ms whereby these 
countries could have armed greater forces by sea, 
so as better to have testified our zeal for the service 
of her Majesty. 

We cease not to travail with the States, moving 
them to grant a new and extraordinary subsidy for 
the strengthening and lai^ely augmenting of our 
said forces by sea, as that it may be prepared for 
whatever may fall out, the resolution of our enemies 
being apparent to persecute their pretences to the 
uttermost ; as also, on the other part, we desire to do 
our duty so far as lieth with us. Wherein we find 
so much good will that, notwithstanding the mani- 
fold charges and contributions, we do already begin 
to carry out our resolve, and arm for the sea about 
40 more good ships of war. Nevertheless, for that 
we are advertised that the Spanish army taketh a 
course northward, we beseech your Honours to be a 
mean that her Majesty may give commandment to 
her army not to cease to pursue and follow up the 
enemy, to the end they shall not be able to assure 
themselves and renew their enterprise. 

Certain of our captains have brought into these 
parts some ships taken from the Spanish army, with 
sundry persons, which we have examined the chief 
of them, and have sent you, with these, copies of 
their confessions, so as it may serve, with other 
advertisements that your Lordships have, to make 



^^ 



74 DEFEAT OF THE 

known the pretences of the said King of Spain 
against her Majesty's kingdom. In like manner we 
do also send the confessions of certain mariners of 
this country, who have been stayed in Spain by the 
space of two years, and constrained to serve in the 
army of the King, but have now fled away from 
the army and yielded themselves here. 

On the other hand, your Lordships will also see 
how sure and certain it is that the Duke of Parma, 
understanding of the ill success of his enterprise 
against England, will, in his fury, turn the great 
power that he has brought together in Flanders 
against this country, to revenge himself, if it may 
be, for the loss and shame his master and he have 
had at the sea. We beseech your Lordships to take 
order that the forces of her Majesty in these parts 
shall be sufificient in number and in quality, as well 
of footmen as of horsemen, whereof, at this present, 
there is great lack ; and, meantime, to continue your 
favours to this afflicted country in the great need 
that now is ; assuring your Lordships that, on our 
part, we shall not fail to do to the uttermost of our 
ability for the service of her Majesty and for our own 
safety. 

The States- General do now consider of sending 
certain deputies to her Majesty, which will more 
fully inform your Honours of everything. This, 
commending ourselves to your good favour, we 
pray God to have your Lordships in his holy keep- 
ing. From the Hague, the i8th day of August, 
1588. 

Your Lordships* very humble and very affec- 
tionate servants, the Council of State of the 
United Provinces of the Low Countries. 

Chr. Huygens. 



SPANISH ARMADA 75 



August 2.— DEPOSITIONS OF SPANISH 

PRISONERS. 

[Holland, IvL — Endorsed Spanish, French, and English. The 
translations, the English especially, are very inaccurate ; the 
errors are noted by a reference to the Spanish.] 

12 Augusti, stilo novo, 1588. 

Don Diego Pimentel,^ born at Valladolid, general 
of the forces of Sicily,^ brother ® to the Marquis of 
Tavara, of the age of 29 years, saith : — 

He is of the order of St. Jacques;* and saith, 
moreover, that the regiment of Sicily is of 32 com- 
panies, whereof the fifteen of foot old soldiers ; ^ that 
the said 32 companies were all in this army ; that 
they parted from the river of Lisbon the 30th of May 
with 145 sail, whereof no were men-of-war and 90 
of them very great ; that the ship wherein he came 
is a galleass*^ of Portugal, of 700 tons. 

He saith they came out with intention to join 
with the Duke ^ of Parma, and, with him, to cast 
themselves^ upon England, and there to take some 
strong place, and afterwards to set all his forces on 
land. He saith that at the entry of the Channel 
one of their greatest ships lost itself and was taken, 
the captain whereof was Don Pedro de Valdes. 

He saith in this army there were 20,000 
Spaniards and 12,000 mariners and others, so as 
every day they received allowance for 32,000 men/-^ 

* A sketch of Pimenters earlier and later history is given by 
Dure, i. 171. 

^ Maestro de campo del tercio de Sicilia : commandant of the 
Sicilian regiment. 

^ He was the marquis's eldest son. "• Santiago. 

* Las qtiinze de infanteria vieja : fifteen of which were veteran 
infantry. ^ Gakon. 

^ Principe. " Sc mcttcr en. '^ Davan }^2 mil raciones. 



76 DEFEAT OF THE 

He saith the flower of the nobility of Spain was 
there, as of dukes, counts, marquises, barons, and 

fentlemen. Moreover, that the general, the Duke 
ledina, will not depart from hence till he have 
accomplished the charge which the King hath 
given him. 

He saith the army was provided of all sorts for 
six months when they set forth out of Lisbon, and 
that his ship did carry 32 pieces of brass. He saith 
that when they counted the English fleet the last 
time, they found it of 130 sail. 

He saith that, two months before they came 
from Lisbon the speech did run that the Queen of 
England was to make a peace with the Duke of 
Parma, and that they then had hope it would be 
made. 

He saith that on Monday they strayed from the 
army, and that they left it complete and full, and 
that they had lost but three ships. He saith that 
the King spendeth in this army daily 1 2,000 
pistolets, and that in the fleet there are i6 millions 
of ducats.' 

Don Juan de Velasquez, of the age of 20 years, 
born at Valladolid, in a certain village called Primes. 
Roa, the father of the Count of Cerula. is lord of the 
said place ; and he saith he is entertained of the 
King.' 

Martin de Avalos, of the age of 50 years, captain 
of one company of the said regiment, saith he hath 
been heretofore at Maestricht. 

' Dueados. 

' En un lugar <}ue st llama Roa ; hermano del Conde de 
Cerula, senor del mismo litgar, el gue era entretenido del /fey : — 
in a place called Roa ; brother of the ... , and that he was in 
the king's pay. The error is the more curious as the French has, 
correctly — un village qui s'appelle Roa ; frcre du . . . . 



SPANISH ARMADA 77 

Francisco Marques, captain of one company, 
saith he hath also been at Maestricht twelve years 
ago. 

Alonso de Vargas is come in the company of 
Don Diego. 

Franiz Muelenpeert. of Herenthals, of 17 years 
old, saith he hath been nine years in Spain, and 
that almost he haih forgotten all his Flemish. 

William Olyckers, of Luxemburg, of 20 years 
old. saith he hath also been there about nine years. 

Don Diego saith that in his ship were three 
companies, to the number of 280 soldiers, and 
that in all there were 60 mariners. He saith they 
had been at Lisbon with the said army eleven 
months. 

This ship was taken the lolh of August by 
Sir Peter Van der Does.' 



Aug. i.^DEPOS/TWN OF TWO DUTCH 
SAILORS WHO WERE IN THE ARMADA. 

[Hirt. USB. CommuBion. Cecil Fspen, iii. 343. Printed. 
French.] 

[As this deposition has recently been printed in full, it 
is unnecessary to repeat here the stati^^tics and details, 
which are, for the most part, wildly inaccurate. Their 
blunders, however, seem the natural exaggerations of 
Ignorant men, rather than wilful lying, while some of their 
statements as to matters which came under their own 
observation appear to be true, and are in conformity with 
those of the Spanish State Papers edited by Captain Duro. 

* Par li SitHT Pierre. This is an addition in the French and 
English copies ; it is not in the Spanish. Pieter van der Does, 
vice-admiral of the fleet of Holland, was bom in \^f>i, at Leyden, 
lo which town he now preseniud the flag of the San Mateo. He 
died at St. Thomas, in the West Indies, in 1599. 



78 DEFEAT OF THE 

When they say that the greatest ships had 1,200 or 1,300 
men on board, or that there were in the fleet 300 priests or 
monks, they are talking of things of which they had no 
knowledge ; when they say that the Spanish ships sailed 
badly, that the English ships sailed better, easily took and 
kept the weather-gage, and fired three shot for one of 
the Spaniards, they are speaking of facts within the know- 
ledge of every seaman in the fleet So also when they say 
that :— 

As they departed from Lisbon the fleet consisted of 
about 130 ships, g^eat and small : about 40 of these were 
small ; about 70 were men-of-war, each of which might 
have, at a guess, 30 or 40 pieces of brass ordnance. 
Except the galleys, few of them had cannons.* Some of 
the ships had only 10, 12, 15, or 18 pieces of ordnance. 
There were about 10,000 old soldiers ; the rest were vine- 
growers, shepherds, and the like.] 



August I,— REPORT OF DESERTERS, 
[Holland, Ivi — Endorsed. Englished.] 

The substance of certain mariners' report ^ touching 
the Spanish fleet, August 1588. 

Certain mariners of this country,® to the number 
of 14, which have been in the Spanish fleet ever 
since they first put to sea, and are now fled away 
from them,* having made sails for their cockboat 
with their shirts, do report and say : — That all the 
fleet, being 1 50 sail, did set forth out of Lisbon the 

' Sc. 40- to 60-pounders. 

^ This report seems of a totally different character from the 
foregoing. It is a mass of unblushing falsehood ; lies told appa- 
rently for the sake of lying. At the time, however, it presumably 
was accepted as true. 

3 Holland. 

* The rascals took care not to fly till the fortune of war had 
declared against the Spaniards. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



n 



30th May. and, coming near England.' were driven 
back again by contrary winds. That in all the 
whole number of them was but 25 thousand men, 
whereof 10,000 good soldiers, the rest common men. 
That they were victualled for three months, and for 
any great sickness, there was none as it was re- 
ported ; neither did they land any more sick persons 
at the Groyne than 300, from whence they put to 
sea the 23nd of July stilo veiert\- and came to the 
Land's End by the 28th of the same ; and till they 
came over against Plymouth they met with no man, 
where 40 of her Majesty's ships did skirmish with 
them, and one galleass was taken, another set on 
fire by reason the captain falling into a rage with 
the gunner and threatening to kill him if he shot no 
fighter. The gunner cast fire into the powder barrels 
and threw himself overboard. In this ship, they 
say. was the treasure and five ensigns of Spaniards. 
After this again, at Portland and the Isle of Wight, 
her Majesty's navy set upon them, but no great 
hurt done ; but between Calais and the Blackness 
most furiously," where a great galleass was taken, and 
three other great ships, with 1,000 men apiece, sunk 
dow^nright about the Goodwins,* besides another 
Italian ship, which they take to be sunk also, be- 
cause they made signs for help, but none made 
towards them. That there about Calais they were 
forced to cut their cables, by the ships of fire which 
came upon them out of her Majesty's fleet, and so 
from thence fled away with all speed. That they 
were driven thus above Dunkirk, and there about 
Blankenberg one of their great ships was grounded 
on the Wielings, and taken by them of Flushing, 
wherein were 800 Spaniards, of whom 180 are come 

' A wilful lie ; they could not help knowing that the fleet did 
DOthing of the sort, 

» So in MS. ; but, in fact, it was stilo nmm. ^ Quite false. 



So 



DEFEAT OF THE 



to Rotterdam, the rest cast overboard. That before 
their fight about Calais, which was on the Sunday,' 
the Duke of Parma sent them word he would assist 
them the next day ; "' but, for that he kept not 
promise, they generally cry out against him. That 
on the Saturday he did what he could to embark ^ his 
men, but it would not be, notwithstanding that with 
his own hands he did kill some soldiers and cap- 
tains. That in all they had not above 300 horse 
and some mules for carriage of their field ordnance, 
That generally the Englishmen have greatly en- 
damaged them with ordnance, and that in the fleet 
they did see, through the portholes, an Italian ship 
all full of blood, which yet maintained the fight in 
her rank three hours after. That one of her 
Majesty's ships valiantly passed through them to 
charge the Admiral, who fled away, and — as they 
say— doth seem to be wonderfully dismayed and 
discouraged. That when they left them and fled 
away, they were as high as Walcheren. yet about 
100 sail, but uncertain what course to take, or where 
to turn in for relief For into Spain they dare not 
return, because at their coming out they were all 
threatened hanging if they conquered not England ; * 
and that they had brought great store of halters to 
hang up all Englishmen ; * but they think they will 
round about Scotland. That her Majesty's navy 
followed them always hard, and drove them like a 
flock of sheep, but durst not aboard them, because 
they are so high built, so as 40 of ours were troubled 
to take one of their greatest armados^at the last 

' The fight off" Gravelines, which was the only one east of 
ihe Isle of Wight, was on the Monday, 

* It might be so reported in the fleet, but could not possibly 
be known. In fact, no such message was sent. 

* MS. imbarcque. * More lies. 

* They did not take one ; but of that these fellows might be 
ignorant. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



fight on Monday. That — as they think — they should 
have landed about the Isle of Wight. That three 
days and three nights after they came upon the 
coast of England they did hull without sails,' 
minding to come to Dunkirk upon the spring tides. 
That they have great need of mariners and especi- 
ally of pilots, for that ship which came on ground 
upon the Wielings had but one pilot, and he was of 
Flushing, That when they set forth out of Lisbon 
there were certain galleasses in their company, but 
they came not with them from the Groyne.' That 
a great Brittany ship was also taken or sunk by the 
English.* In sum, they confess the Duke Medina 
to be wonderfully amazed, and to stagger which way 
he may turn himself. That there were a great 
number of the hidalgos of Spain in their army, and 
that now, their chief bulwarks and armados being 
discomfited, they may easily be overthrown, if they 
be followed as they should be. 

The ship whose prisoners are brought to Rotter- 
dam was taken between Dunkirk and Ostend, and 
had been shot through 350 times. Being grounded, 
five ships of this country took them to mercy. 
Another was also taken by seven of this country's 
fleet between Calais and Dunkirk. The names of 
certain prisoners of account taken in the former ship 
are these : — Don Diego de Pimentel, brother of 
the Marquis de Tavara, camp-master of the tercio of 
Sicily ; Don Juan de Velasco, brother of the Condc 
de Siruela ; Captain Martin de Avalos ; Captain 
Marquis Alonso de Vargas. 

In the one ship were 34 pieces of brass, and in 
the other 63. 

' A very wilful lie. 

* There were four galleasses, and they all came as far as 
Calais. There were four galleys, and they all sailed from Corunna 
with the fleet. There was no Brittany shij) in the armada. 
VOL. II. r, 



82 



DEFEAT OF THE 



August 3. — This morning 1 understand, 
Duke of Parma attempting to break out, two of his 
men-of-war are taken by the fleet lying before Dun- 
kirk, and the rest driven in again. It is said, more- 
over, that 17 sail of the Spaniards are carried into 
England, and that still her Majesty's navy follow 
and pursue them. 



August <j.— WALSyNGHAM TO BURGHLEY. 
[Harl. M8. 6994, f 142.— Holograph. Addressed.] 

My very good Lord : — To the end that her 

Majesty might grow to some full resolution what 
forces were meet to be kept both by sea and by land, 
1 moved her to send for my Lord Admiral, and to 
appoint both his Lordship and the Lord Steward to 
be at the court on Sunday next, at St. James's, there 
to confer with the rest of her Council what were fit 
to be done therein ; whereunto her Majesty assented. 
I wrote to my Lord Admiral yesternight, to advertise 
how many ships he thought meet to be entertained 
in pay, and that the lesser ships that were not 
thought serviceable might be discharged. At his 
repair to the court his Lordship may be dealt withal 
therein. 

For the sending of some money to the fleet for 
the relief of the decayed men, I think the same may 
be deferred until her Majesty's return. Touching 
your Lordship's opinion for the sending of four ships 
well appointed to follow the Spanish fleet. I think, if 
it had been thought of in time, they might have 
been very well employed, but 1 fear it will be now 
too late. 

This day, at noon, her Majesty, dining with the 
Lord Steward in his tent at the camp, had advertise- 
ment sent unto her from Sir Thomas Morgan, who 



SPAN IS J/ ARMADA 83 

Is arrived at Margate with the 1,000 shot, that the 
Duke of Parma was determined this spring tide to 
come out, and that he looked that by that time the 
Spanish fleet would be returned, according to an 
agreement between him and the Duke of Medina. 
But this matter, though it were effectually appre- 
hended at the first, yet her Majesty doth not so 
much account of it as that it will work any stay 
here, as was determined upon. A conceit her 
Majesty had that in honour she could not return, in 
case there were any likelihood that the enemy would 
attempt anything. Thus your Lordship seeth that 
this place breedeth courage. I fear now more the 
hand of God, in respect of unseasonableness of the 
weather, than the enemy ; ' and so I most humbly 
take my leave. At the court, in the camp, the 9th 
of August, 1588. 

Your Lordship's to command, 

Fra. Walsyngham. 



\ 



AKguslg.— lVALSyNGHAM TO BURGHLEY. 

[HarL MS. 69M, f. 140.— Holograph. Addressed. Another 
letter of ihe same date, from Gravesend, enclosing letters from 
Heni>- Kyllj'grew, on the condition of the army and the Low 
Countries, and ihe want of money, which may, perhaps, be 
obtained from Che Merchant Adventurers. The postscript is:—] 

The Flushingers were forced to retire from 
Ounkirk the last storm, and the gap left open being 
not as yet retrieved. But I hope that through ■ the 
Lord Admiral's care they will be stopped in their 
passage. Sir W. Russell doth put me in hope that 
there will be some powder sent hither from Amster- 

' Of course he knew that Morgan's ' advertisemenl ' was mere 
garriMin gossip, and that Ihe Duke of Medina had left much too 
hutriedly to have come to any agreement with Parma about his 
letum- ^ MS. Ihorrowghe. 



84 



DEFEAT OF THE 



dam, for in Zealand there is none to be had. The 
i,ooo shot under the conduct of Sir Thomas Morgan 
are arrived, which may be made part of the 6,000 
footmen. It were not wisdom, until we see what 
will become of the Spanish fleet, to disarm too fast, 
seeing her Majesty is to fight for a kingdom. It 
were meet that the governor* of the merchant 
adventurers were sent to Stade, to take some money. 



August 9.— BURGH LEY TO WALSYNGHAM. 

[ceJDT. 54.— Holograph. Addressed :^For her Majesty's affairs. 
Al the camp at Tilbury. At Tilbury or Gravesend, W. Burghley. 
Seal : the Burghley crest, a garb supported by two lions.J 

Sir : — Both by the copy of the Lord Admiral's 
letter which you sent me, dated athwart Harwich, 
and by another to myself from my Lord Admiral, 
written yesterday at Sandwich, I perceive the cause 
of his Lordship's return with the navy, and the 
doubtful course of the Spaniards, whether about 
Scodand or to Denmark. What shall now be deter- 
mined by her Majesty I cannot judge, yet I mind to 
provide some money, in readiness to be carried 
down to the seaside, to relieve the decayed men for 
a time. And 1 think Sir John Hawkyns will either 
come, or send to let us know what money were 
needful, though I will provide some 8,000/. or 
9,000/. ; yet 1 will not send It from London before 
] shall hear from you what you or her Majesty shall 
think meet. My Lord spake with Quarles at Sand- 
wich, who telling him that the provision of victual 
was for 7 or 8,000 men, his Lordship saith they are 
near 10,000; but how that number is composed, I 
know not. The 15 sail of victuallers are at Harwich, 
as my Lord of Cumberland saith. More is making 
' Richard Saltonslall. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



SS 



ready in London. My Lord Admiral I think will 
discharge all sick men, and the refuse of the small 
vessels ; but being absent here alone, I dare not 
direct anything to him ; presuming that, with her 
Majesty's liking, you there wilt advise him how to 
keep his strength only of ships of value, considering 
there are in the Narrow Seas, with my Lord Henry, 
so many small vessels. 

I am not of opinion that the Spanish fleet will 
suddenly return from the north or the east, being 
weakened as they are, and knowing that our navy is 
returned to our coast, where they may repair their 
lacks, and be as strong as they were afore. And 
without a north or east wind the Spanish fleet 
cannot come back to England. I wish if they pass 
about Ireland, that four good ships, well manned 
and conducted, might follow them to their ports, 
where they might distress a great number of them, 
being weather-beaten, and where the numbers of 
the gallants will not continue on shipboard. 

As 1 perceive, the powder that was sent from 
Dover never came to my Lord Admiral. It is in 
vain to write any more for advice until, from my 
lord Cobham, we may learn something of the Duke 
of Parma, who now resteth the enemy to be with- 
stood. Yours assured, 

9th Aug. 15S8. 



August 9.— BURGHLEY TO TRENCHARD 
AND HAWLEY) 

[cczIt. 6fi. — Copy. Endorsed.] 

After my hearty commendations : — Whereas by 
letters of the second of this present to my Lords of 

' George Trenchard and Francis Hawley, Justices of the 
Peace lor Dorset. 



86 



DEFEA T OF THE 



her Majesty's Privy Council, from the mayor a 
other of the lown of Weymouth and Melcombe 
Regis, earnest request is made that they may, for 
the better defence of their town and country there- 
abouts, be provided of some great ordnance, to 
remain with them to her Majesty's use ; wherein 
opportunity being now offered to satisfy their desire 
with the remain of such ordnance as [was] brought 
to their town in the carrack lately taken from the 
enemy : to wit, eight pieces of brass, four old iron 
minions, and two old fowlers ; 

These are to require you to deliver all these 
pieces of ordnance to the said mayor and town, by 
inventory indented and subscribed between them and 
you ; specifying in the indenture the property of the 
same to be her Majesty's, and to what end the same 
are delivered unto that town. Which inventor)-, i 
think good to be by you sent up to my Lords. 

And moreover, whereas my Lords are let to 
understand that in the said carrack were divers other 
commodities, which for want of landing and looking 
unto may perish or take much hurt, and also certain 
Spaniards : for the same commodities, I pray [you], 
taking unto you the said mayor, and one or two 
other honest, skilful merchants of Weymouth and 
Melcombe Regis, to see the same landed, and safely 
preserved in some convenient storehouses there ; 
sending up a perfect inventory to my Lords of the 
same, and, as near as you and the said merchants 
can estimate, the just value and prices of these com- 
modities, according to their several kinds and good- 
ness, that afterwards their Lordships may give 
order for the sale of the same. 

And touching the persons taken in the carrack, 
you shall do well to commit them to safe custody 
until further order be given you from here ; and in 
the meantime, to examine whether there be any man 



SPANISH ARMADA 87 

ality or great account amongst them, and 
tly to certify hither the names of every of 

Thus much, in the absence of her Majesty and 
the rest of the Lords from the city here, I have 
thought good to write unto you ; and so commit 
you to God. From my house in the Strand, the 
gth of August. 1588. 

Your loving friend, 

W. BURGIILEY. 



August 9.— MEMORANDA BY BURGIILEY. 

[ocxiT. 56.— Autograph.] 

9th of August, 1588. — The state of the victual- 
ling of the navy with the Lord Admiral and the 
Lord Henry. The like state for powder &c. : — 

Lord Admiral. — 24th of July, 15S8. 

Nota : the army under the Lord Admiral's 
charge, being 7.093, was victualled unto the nth of 
August. Order and money delivered to victual 
Aem for i month of 28 days, to end the 7th of 
September, whereof was limited to be provided 14 
days' victual at Portsmouth, and 14 days' at Dover. 

Nota : he had for this victualling, to end the 
1st of September, 6.000/. 

Lord Henry Seymour. — 27th of July. 

There was order that the number 52 ships, 16 
her Majesty's ships, with 1,522 men, should be 
victualled from the 1 1 th of August unto the 8th of 
September, for which 5.243/. with transport for 350/. 
Was delivered to Mr. Quarles. 



DEFEAT OF THE 



9th of August. 1588. 

Order to victual 7,664 men with the 
Lord Admiral, from the 9th of Sep- 
tember unto the 15th there,' which 
is for 7 days 1,421 4 

Item, for 1,522 men with the Lord H. 
Seymour, for 14 days, which is from 
the 29th of August unto the f ith 
of September, being in 17 ships of 
her Majesty 612 14 

Item, for 784 men's victuals, being In 
16 ships of the coast, for 23 days, 
from the 20th of August to the 1 1 th 
of September 



Total from 9th of August 



530 16 0= 
. 2,564 14 o 



Powder delivered out of the Office of the 
Ordnance for the seas since the 24th of July, 1 588 ; — 

25th of July. 

To Portsmouth, to the Earl of Sussex for to be sent 
to the Lord Admiral. 5 lasts, beside 2 lasts sent 
to Portsmouth. 

Roebuck. — 27th of July. 

To Doverbyseaby Nich. Gorges^ 5 lasts] 
Eodem die, to Dover by land by [17 lasts 

the Surveyor's clerk ,12 lasts) 

' Thereof. 

' These sums are calculated at f>d. per man per day, with 80 
added lo each for transport. (Shown in a fonnal account of these 
items, ccxiv. 57, 58.) 

* MS, Gordy. It is impossible to say what the Roebuck had 
to do with it. 



SPANISH ARMADA 89 

24th of July. 

Sent to Dover to Sir Wm. Wynter, 

for the Lord Henry Seymour . 4 lasts 

27th of July. 

To Mr. Nich. Gorges, with the 8 

ships of the 8 merchants . 4 lasts 4 cwt. 

Total for the sea before the 2Sth 

of July, which was 1 day afore 

the fight' 32 lasts 

25th of July. 

Sent by water to the Lord Steward 5 lasts) , 
Sent by land to the Lord Steward 5 lasts) '° ^^^^ 

8th of August 

Sent to Harwich by Wm. Vaughan, 

for the Lord Admiral ... 5 lasts 

47 lasts 
Powder sent to the Lord Admiral from the Lord 
Buckhurst/ and 5,000 shot. 

The Queen's navy holdeth under 

the Lord Admiral .... 5775 

The Londoners, 20 ships .... 1,24a 
The coast men ..... 1.639 

On the seas with the Lord Admiral . ia,( 
On the seas with the Lord Henry 

Seymour ..... 2,300) 

' Gorges, at any rate, did not join the fleet till after its return 
ftom the north. 

• Thomas Sackville, created Lord Buckhurst in 1567, at this 
done Lord Lieutenant of Sussex. He was appointed Lord High 
Treasurer in 159S ; was created Earl of Dorset in 1604, and died 
in 1608. 



DEFEAT OF THE 

Besides i S merchant ships having in them 8 ships 

530 men. 

. r I Northampton 

In Essex with the Lord] {Warwick 

Steward | , | HuntineMon 

horsemen ■ ^ 
\ horse 

1 horsemen 
About London under the Ld. Chamberlain ,, 

The lords of the nobility and Councillorsi. 

' ( horsemen 

Fer diem 
C '. -f- 
Footmen, 17,000 men . . . , 651 13 ,4 
Horse. 1.200 men . . 

Principal officers of the field 
500 pioneers 

Total .... 



o 8 

28 o o 

16 13 -4 

783 M 8' 



700 shot under Colonel Morgan. 



Au^sl g.— RETURN OF SHIPS, MEN &c. 
[ocxiv. flO.] 

My Lord Admiral hath under his charge at the 
seas 66 sail ; and the number of men that are in those 
ships and pinnaces are in all 7.644 men. 

My Lord Harry Seymour hath under his charge, 
victualled by her Majesty, of her Majesty's ships ( 1 7) 
and the coast ships (16) the number of 33 ships and 
pinnaces ; and the number of men in those ships 
and pinnaces are in all, with the coast ships, their 
men are in all 1,306 men. 




SPANISH ARMADA gi 

More, there is lately sent out of the river of 
Thames by the merchant venturers the number of 
S sail of ships, and their numbers of men that were 
appointed for them were 1,150 men. 

So my Lord Admiral hath in his charge 
of ships ....... 66 sail 

Also my Lord Harry Seymour hath 
under his charge the number of 33 sail 
'ith the coast ships . . . -33 sail 

The merchant venturers, their ships 
;ing at the seas are in number. , .18 sail 

So the number of all the ships with my 
,ord Admiral and with my Lord Henry 
leymour that are under their charge are . 99 sail 

More, the merchant venturers, their 18 
lail maketh in all, with my Lord Admiral's 
id my Lord Henry Seymour's, the ships, 119 sail 
all 

The numbers of men with my Lord Admiral 
ind my Lord Henry Seymour are in all 9,970 men. 

Adding the merchant venturers their men there- 
unto maketh 1 1 , 1 20. 

Amgust g.— HOWARD TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[coxiT. 61. — Holograph. Addressed.] 

Sir: — After I had spoken with Mr. Quarles at 

Sandwich, 1 galloped hither to the Commissioners, 

to understand by them of the state of the Duke of 

jParma. 1 did understand by them that he was not 

that readiness that I perceive since, by Welshe, 

lat he is ; but I do assure myself he can do no 

it matter except the Spanish army return to 

I do understand, by a small bark of our 

ipany that lost us in the storm, [that she] met 



92 



DEFEAT OF THE 



rith 



, seemed, after the 



20 great hulks gomg. as it ; 
fieeL I doubt they be some victuallers that do 
follow them. If they can water in any of the Isles 
of Scotland, or in the north part of Scotland, it 
is very likely that they will return ; for, [in] my 
thinking, they dare not go back with this dishonour 
and shame ; for we have marvellously plucked them. 
1 would think it were not amiss that her Majesty 
did send one, in post, to the Scottish King, that he 
would withstand their landing and watering ; and 
yet 1 fear more his ' going into Denmark, and there 
to be relieved, and to be helped with ships. 

Sir, I hear that Colonel ^ Morgan is come to 
Margate with 800 soldiers, and I do hear it should 
be for our ships. If it should be so, we must have 
victuals provided for them before we can receive 
them ; for the victuals that Mr. Quarles^ hath pro- 
vided will not serve our company above 3 weeks ; 
for the proportion is but for 7,600 men, and we 
are near 10 thousand. There must be care taken 
for it. 

Sir, I do understand for certain^ that there is 
great preparation of shipping and men at Dieppe 
and at Newhaven, and that they are ready to come 
out. Sir, it were good that such ships as be of 
service, either in the Thames or elsewhere in the 
coast-towns, should be sent out with speed, for we 
must divide ourselves into parts, to prevent all 
danger. This is a thing cannot continue above 6 
weeks, and for that time we must be strong. Some 
of our company have spent their mast, and some 
are grown with this last storm into leaks ; and 
therefore 1 do assure myself a good many will not 
be able to sail. 

There is a number of poor men of the coast 



' Sc. their- 

» MS. Quarelus, 



' MS. Courenell. 
' MS. carteti. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



93 



towns — I mean the mariners — that cry out for 
money, and they know not where to be paid. I 
have given them my word and honour that either 
the towns shall pay them, or I will see them paid. 
If I had not done so, they had run ' away from 
Plymouth by thousands. I hope there will be care 
had of iL Sir, money had need to come down for 
our whole company. Sir, I am going to Margate. 
In haste, fare ye well. From Canterbury, the 9th 
of August. Your loving friend, 

C. Howard. 

Sir, I do not see but of necessity there must be a 
magazine at Dover. 



Aug. g.—SIR THOMAS SCOTT TO LEICESTER. 
[ocxIt. 62.— Signed. Addressed ; — For her Majesty's affairs.] 

My especial good Lord : — Being certified this 
morning by Mr. Nevenson, our scoutmaster, who 
was aboard this last night with Sir Francis Drake 
at Margate, that Sir Francis did inform him that 
the Spanish army did intend to land at Dungeness,* 
near Lydd, and there to entrench themselves, and 
to be supplied from time to time out of France with 
victuals and all necessaries, I have thought it very 
meet to certify your Lordship thereof, to the intent 
that I, by your Lordship's directions, may draw 
cither the forces here, or some part thereof, towards 
thai place when your Lordship shall think it meet. 

' MS. rone. 

» II is ditBcutt to be!ie\ 
Probably he spoke of this 
have intended to land, had 
bat Drake knew perfectly > 
August 8. Nevenson would 



that Drake said anything of the sort. 
s a place where they might possibly 
ot the 29th of July come in Ihe way; 
11 that they had no such intention on 
to have misunderstood him. 



94 DEFEAT OF THE 

The nature of the place is as followeth : — Lying 
between New Romneyand Rye Camber;' compass- 
ing about in manner of a half island ; good harbour 
for ships at all winds except one point, which I take 
to be some part of the north ; four miles in breadth : 
very deep at the shore, whereby men may be landed 
without help of longboats ; this half island containeth 
by estimation six or seven thousand acres, all of loose 
beach. ^ The next ground adjoining to the same 
conslsteth of 50 thousand acres of marsh, inhabited 
with few other than shepherds and herdsmen ; so 
as it is a place of all this shire farthest from aid of 
men, and the greatest desert. 

Sir Francis Drake reporteth that the greater 
half of the Spanish navy is defeated, and that, so 
far as his judgment and skill doth serve, he left 
them so far beyond the farthest point of Scotland as 
they cannot return to do any hurt in England this 
summer. Nevertheless, he will not warrant it but 
that they may return. 

Here are landed at Margate, as I am informed, 
six or seven hundred musketeers out of the Low 
Countries. We humbly pray your Lordship's direc- 
tion for them, and that they may be joined to this 
camp here, except your Lordship have otherwise 
disposed them. And so, recommending your good 
Lordship to the protection of the Almighty, I most 
humbly take my leave. From the camp at North- 
bourne, this gth of August, in haste. 1588. 

Your Lordship's to command during life, 

Thomas Scott. 



' 'RyeCambcr'wouldseemhcrelo 
the estuary of the Rolher, then a co 
In the course of 300 years, the disposit 
Rye has been very much altered. 

* Shingle. The word is still in common use along the south 
coast. 



-an, in an extended sense, 
iderable sheet of water, 
1 of land and water near 



SPANISH ARMADA 



August g.— SIR THOMAS HENEAGE' TO 
WALSYNGHAM. 

[cczIt. fiS.— Signed. Addressed.] 

Sir : — By the news my Lord of Cumberland 
brought yesterday, my Lord Admiral Is like to be, 
wilh her Majesty's navy, near the North Foreland, 
having left the Spanish Heet for lack both of powder 
and meat, having not received a corn of all that was 
set down in paper by my Lord Treasurer, which I 
take to be above 30 last, and sent by us ; and they 
driven to such extremity for lack of meat, as it is 
reported (I wot not how truly) that my Lord 
Admiral was driven to eat beans, and some to 
drink their own water.^ Thus the Spaniards be 
gone whither it please them ; to Scotland or Ire- 
land, they may ; or else home about both, they 
may, with this wind. These things would^ be 
timely considered on ; which I thought good to put 
you in remembrance of, because of Mr. Bodley's 
going.* And concerning new provisions of victual 
and munition to her Majesty's navy, which need be 

tmore substantially done than it hath been, I hope 
anon to see you. Till when and ever, the Lord 
Jesus bless and keep you as myself. At Sawmunds,* 
near the Court, this 9th of August, 1588. 
Yours all assured, 
T. Heneage. 
* Vice-Chamberlain of the Household. 
I • My Lord of Cumberland seems to have been ' greening ' 

Ihcnt There was no such absolute want. ' Would=should. 

* Thomas Bodley, diplomatic agent, had just returned from a 
tpecia] mission to the King of France, and was now appointed 
Kcsident at the Hague, with a vote in the Council of State, an 
offire which he held till 1596. On the accession of James I. he 
wss knighted, and died, without issue, in 1613. He is now best 

j ^Jmown as the founder of the Bodleian Library. 

' In Norden's map of Essex it is shown as ' Samons ' a house 



\ 
» 



DEFEA T OF THE 



August 10.— HOWARD TO BURGHLEY. 
[ccii7. 68. ^Signed. Addressed.] 

My good Lord i^Sickness and mortality begins 
wonderfully to grow amongst us ; and it is a most 
pitiful sight to see, here at Margate, how the men, 
having no place to receive them into here, die in the 
streets. 1 am driven myself, of force, to come a-land. 
to see them bestowed in some lodging; and the best 
I can get is barns and such outhouses ; and the 
relief is small that I can provide for them here. It 
would grieve any man's heart to see them that have 
served so vaHanlly to die so miserably. 

The Elizabeth Jonas, which hath done as well as 
ever any ship did in any service, hath had a great 
infection in her from the beginning, so as of the 500 
men which she carried out, by the time we had been 
in Plymouth three weeks or a month, there were 
dead of them 200 and above ; so as I was driven to 
set all the rest of her men ashore, to take out her 
ballast, and to make fires in her of wet broom, three 
or four days together; and so hoped thereby to have 
cleansed her of her infection ; and thereupon got 
new men, very tall and able as ever I saw, and put 
them into her. Now the infection is broken out in 
greater extremity than ever it did before, and [the 
men] die and sicken faster than ever they did ; so as 
I am driven of force to send her to Chatham. We 
all think and judge that the infection remaineth in 
the pitch. Sir Roger Townshend.' of all the men 
he brought out with him, hath but one left alive ; 
and my son Southwell likewise hath many dead. 

between Orsett and Horndon. It must have been pulled down 
soon after. 

' It nowhere appears in what ship or in what capacity Towns- 
hend was serving, II might seem from this thai he commanded 
the soldiers on hoard the Elizabeth Jonas. Cf vol. i. p. 75 n. 



\ 



SPANISH ARMADA 97 

It is like enough that the like infection wil! grow 
throughout the most part of our fleet ; for they have 
been so long at sea and have so little shift of apparel, 
and so [few'] places to provide them of such wants, 
and no money wherewith to buy it. for some havt 
been — yea the most part — these eight months at sea. 
My Lord, ! would think it a marvellous good way 
that there were a thousand pounds worth or two 
thousand marks worth of hose, doublets, shirts, 
shoes and such like, sent down ; and I think your 
Lordship might use therein the Controller of the 
Navy and Waker, Mr. Hawkyns his man, who 
would use all expedition for the providing and send- 
ing away of such things; for else, in very short 
time I look to see most of the mariners go naked. 
Good my Lord, let mariners be prest and sent down 
as soon as may be; and money to discharge those 
that be sick here ; and so, in haste, I bid your 
Lordship farewell. From Margate, the loth of 
August. 1588. 

Your Lordship's most assured to command, 
C. Howard. 



August 10.— DRAKE TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[ocxiv. 65. — Signed, and autograph postscript.] 

Most Honourable: — The army of Spain I think 
certainly to be put either with Norway or Denmark. 
There are divers causes which moveth me so to 
think. The first, we understand by divers prisoners 
which we have taken, that generally, through all 
their whole fleet, there was no one ship free of sick 
people. Secondly, their ships, masts, sails and 
ropes were very much decayed and spoiled by our 

' The clerk has here written ' shewe,' which is nonsense. It 
ms a mere careless blunder. 
VOL. n. H 




DEFEA T OF THE 

great shot. Thirdly, at Calais, by fire, we forced 
them to cut many of their cables, whereby they lost 
many of their anchors, which of necessity they must 
seek to supply. Further, If they had had none of 
these former great causes of distress, yet the winds 
and storm, with the wind westerly, as it was, hath 
forced them thither. And I assure myself that 
whensoever her Majesty shall hear of their arrival 
in any of these coasts, that her Highness shall be 
advertised both of their great distress and of no 
small loss amongst them; for I assure your Honour, 
her Majesty's good ships felt much of that storm, 
and lost many of their boats and pinnaces, with 
some anchors and cables ; yet were we fair by cur 
own shore, and the wind right off the land. 

Some amongst us will not let ' to say that they 
are in Scotland. I cannot think so, for that we had 
no wind whereby they were able to recover any 
place of the mainland of Scotland ; without it were 
some of the out isles, which are no meet places to 
relieve their so many great wants. Norway, or the 
out isles of Scotland, can relieve them but with 
water and a few cows, or bad beef, and some small 
quantity of goats and hens, which is to them as 
nothing. And yet these bad reliefs are to be had 
but in few places, and their roads- dangerous. 

The only thing which is to be looked for is, that 
if they should go to the King of Denmark, and 
there have his friendship and help for all their re- 
liefs, none can better help their wants in all these 
parts than he ; for that he is a prince of great 
shipping, and can best supply his wants which now 
the Duke of Medina the ^ Sidonia standeth in need 
of, as great anchors, cables, masts, ropes and victuals; 
and what the King of Spain's hot crowns will do ia 
' Let cleave, cease. ' Roadsteads. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



99 



cold countries for mariners and men, I leave to your 
good Lordship, which can best judge thereof. 

We left a pinnace of her Majesty's, the Advice, 
and a fine caravel of my own to attend the fleet of 
Spain, when we left them ; but what is become of 
them [in] that great storm, or whether they may be 
stayed in any other country, as they may, I know 
not. My poor opinion is. that it were most meet to 
send a good ship and some fine bark, with some 
very sufficient person, to deal effectually from her 
Majesty with the King of Denmark, as he shall find 
the cause to require ; and to send the true report 
back with all speed possible, that they may be the 
better prevented' ; for no doubt but that which they 
are able to do they will presently put it in execution. 
The winter will overtake them else in those parts. 
If they stay in the Sound this winter. I hope^ many 
of the Spaniards will seek Spain by land. 

The Prince of Parma, I take him to be as a bear 
robbed of her whelps ; and no doubt but, being so 
great a soldier as he is, that he will presently, If he 
may, undertake some great matter ; for his rest will 
stand now thereupon. It is for certain that the 
Duke of Sidonia standeth somewhat jealous of him, 
and the Spaniards begin to hate him, their honour 
being touched so near ; many of their lives spent — I 
assure your Honour not so little as five thousand 
men less than when first we saw them near Ply- 
mouth — divers of their ships sunk and taken ; and 
they have nothing to say for themselves in excuse. 
but that they came to the place appointed, which 
was at Calais, and there stayed the Duke of Parma's 
coming above 24 hours, yea, and until they were 
fired mence. 

So this is my poor conclusion. If we may re- 
cover near Dunkirk this night or to-morrow morn- 
' Forestalled. * Hope=am confident. 



DEFEAT OF THE 



ing, so as tba'r power majr see us retomed 

chaMT, and ready to encounter them H* 

sally, that the next nens you shall bear 

ooe tu mtitiny against the other : which 

■hall ccmie to pass, or whether they nnAny 

let us all, with one consent, txKh high 

oiagnify and praise our most gracious 

God for his infinite and unspeakaUe ;^ 

wanls us : which ' 1 protest to your good 

that my belief is that our most gracious Soverc^n, 

her [x»or subjects, and the Church of God faatli 

opened the heavens in divers places, and pierced 

ine ears of our mfwt merciful Father, unto whom, in 

Christ Jcsu, be all honour and glory. So be h; 

Amen, Amen. 

Written with much haste, for that we are ready 
to Bet sail to prevent the Duke of Parma this 
southerly wind, if jt please God ; for truly my poor 
opinion is that we should have a great eye unto him. 
I'rom her Majesty's very good ship the Revenge. 
this loth of August, 1588. 

Your Honour's faithfully to be 

commanded always, 

Fra. Drake. 

For that we were very near to set sail, I most 
humbly beseech your Honour to pardon my pen. for 
that I am forced to write the very copy of that letter 
which I have sent to my Lord Chancellor. Since 
tiie writing hereof, 1 have spoken with an English- 
man which came from Dunkirk yesterday, who saith 
upon his life there is no fear of the fleet Yet would 
I willingly see it. Your Honour's ever, 

Fra. Drake. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



I 

I 
P 



August II.— DRAKE TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[ccxiv. 70.— Holograph. Addressed.] 

Most Honourable : — The sudden sending for of 
my very good Lord, my Lord Admiral, hath caused 
me to scribble ' these few lines. First most humbly 
beseeching your Honour to deliver this letter unto 
her Majesty as a testification of my Lord Admiral's 
most honourable using of me in this action, where 
it hath pleased his good Lordship to accept- of that 
which I have sometimes spoken, and commended 
that little service which I was able, much better 
than in either of them both I was able to deserve. 
Wherein, if I have not performed as much as was 
looked for, yet I persuade myself his good Lordship 
will confess I have been dutiful. 

Touching any other causes that either hath been 
done or is to be done, let me pray pardon of your 
Honour, for I assure your Honour that my Lord 
Admiral hath so sufficiently instructed himself daily, 
as I faithfully believe his good Lordship will 
thoroughly satisfy her Majesty and your Honours 
what is now best to be done. Thus humbly taking 
my leave, I beseech God to bless the work of her 
Majesty's hands always. Written aboard her 
Majesty's good ship the Revenge, at midnight, this 
nth of August, 1588. 

Your Honour's faithfully to be commanded, 

Fra. Drake. 

Aug. \i.—MATHEW STARKE'S DEPOSITION. 
[ccxJT. 63-4.— Copy, in duplicate.] 

A note of certain speeches spoken by Sir 
Martin Frobiser at Harwich, in the presence of 
divers persons, as followeth : — 

' MS. screbell. '' MS. except. 



I02 DEFEA T OF THE 

The Lord Sheffield, 
Sir John Hawkyns ; 
with others, whose names I cannot recite. 

The nth day of August, 1588, I arrived at 
Harwich, and dehvered the letter sent by the Lord 
Admiral unto the Lord Sheffield, whom I found in 
his bed in the house of Mr. King. 

First, after I had delivered my Lord's letter, the 
Lord Sheffield bade me depart, and so I did accord- 
ing to his commandment 

Then immediately he sent for me again ; at 
which time of my return I found there Sir John 
Hawkyns, Sir Martin Frobiser, with divers others, 
who demanded of me in what surety the ships 
were in, and whether they were all at Margate or 
not. 

Then Sir Martin Frobiser began some speeches 
as touching the service done in this action ; who 
uttered these speeches following, saying : — Sir Fra, 
Drake reporleth that no man hath done any good 
service but he ; but he shall well understand that 
others hath done as good service as he, and better 
too. He came bragging up at the first, indeed, 
and gave them his prow and his broadside ; and 
then kept his luff,' and was glad that he was gone 
again, like a cowardly knave or traitor — I rest 
doubtful, but the one I will swear. Further, saith 
he, he hath done good service indeed, for he took 
Don Pedro. For after he had seen her in the 
evening, that she had spent her masts, then, like a 
coward, he kept by her all night, because he would 
have the spoil. He thinketh to cozen us of our 
shares of fifteen thousand ducats ; but we will have 
our shares, or I will make him spend the best blood 
in his belly ; for he hath had enough of those 
cozening cheats already. 

' MS, lowfe. 



y 



SPANISH ARMADA 103 

He hath, saith he, used certain speeches of me, 
which I will make him eat again, or I will make 
him spend the best blood in his belly. Further- 
more he said, he reporteth that no man hath done 
so good service as he. But he lieth in his teeth ; 
for there are others that hath done as good as he, 
and better too. 

Then he demanded of me if we did not see. 
Don Pedro over night or no. Unto the which I 
answered No. Then he told me that I lied ; for 
she was seen to all the fleet. Unto the which I 
answered, I would lay my head that not any one 
man in the ship did see her until it was morning, 
that we were within two or three cables length of 
her. Whereunto he answered. Ay, marry.^ saiih 
he, you were within two or three cables length ; 
for you were no further off all night, but lay a-hull 
by her. Whereunto I answered No, for we bare a 
good sail all night, off and on. 

Then he asked me to what end we stood off 
from the fleet all night ; whom I answered that we 
had scryed"^ three or four hulks, and to that end we 
wrought so, not knowing what they were. Then 
said he : Sir Francis was appointed to bear a light 
all that night ; which light we looked for, but there 
was no light to be seen : and in the morning, when 
we should have dealt with them, there was not 
above five or six near unto the Admiral, by reason 
we saw not his light. 

After this and many more speeches, which I am 
not able to remember, the Lord Sheffield demanded 
of me what I was ; unto the which 1 answered, 1 
had been in the acdon with Sir Francis in the 
Revenge, this seven or eight months. Then he 
demanded of me. What art thou ? a soldier ? No, 

' MS. I marye, 

* Scryed, or, in the duplicate, e scry ed= descried. 



I04 DEFEAT OF THE 

and like your Honour, answered I. 1 am a martner. 
Then saith he, f have no more to say unto you ; you 
may dcjKut, By me, Mathew Starke. 

All this written cm the other side I do confess 
to be true, as it was spoken by Sir Martin Frolwser, 
and do acknowledge it in the presence of these 
I^artics whose names are hereunder written : — 

Captain Piatt ;' Captain Vaughan ;' 
Mr. Gray, master of the Ark ; 
John Gray, master of the Revenge ; 
Captain Spindelow, 

Moreover, he said that Sir Francis was the cause 
of all these troubles, and in this action he showed 
himself the most coward. 

By me, Mathew Starke. 



August 1 1 0)}— PETITION OF THE CAPTAIN. 
MASTER AND LIEUTENANT OF THE 
MARGARET AND JOHN OF LONDON. 

[coxlll. 89, Endorsed. Addressed ; — To my assured Friend.] * 

Whereas, Right Honourable, sundry reports 
have been .spread concerning the taking of the ship 
wherein Don Pedro de Valdes was captain, and that 

' Cnptnin Plnlt is in Fenner's list (vol. i. p. ii8), but neither 
he nor VnuBhan had an independent command, they were pro- 
hnbly niiwiern of two of the great ships. Spindelow, who is also 
in Fcnncr'K list, had commanded the Thomas Drake till she was 
burnt on the morning of July 19. 

* Not d.ited ; but it evidently refers to Frobiser's claim, and 
must belong to nboul this date. 

■ I( would seem from this address thai the petition was written 
by Tomson and privately sent by him to Walsyngham (cf. vol. i. 
344 n.) to lay before the Council. 



I 



SPANISH ARMADA 105 

your Lordship's suppliants, John Fisher,' William 
Nash, and Richard Tomson, commanders of the 
Margaret and John of London, have been advertised 
that some others besides Sir Francis Drake {to 
whom the credit and honour of that prize doth most 
condignly appertain) have made challenge and en- 
joyed a good portion of the spoil thereof, we have 
thought good to set down unto your Honours, in a 
few articles, the service done by us and our said 
ship in that behalf; humbly beseeching your Lord- 
ships, that if the said prize and prisoners are thought 
fit to be reparted '" amongst such as were actors for 
her apprehension, or that, in your Honours' wisdoms, 
it be thought expedient that the forwardness of the 
willing be something considered, before such as never 
gave any attempt for the taking of her, that in such 
case, it may please your Lordships to vouchsafe to 
peruse our allegations, containing nothing but the 
truth of our own action, and do most dutifully submit 
ourselves to such consideration as to your Lordships' 
wisdoms shall seem expedient ; whom Almighty 
God long bless with health and increase of felicity. 

I. — Your Lordships' suppliants, beholding upon 
Sunday, the 20th ^ of July, about 5 o'clock in the after- 
noon {upon which day we had our first encounter with 

' Of Cley in Norfolk, a kinsman of the family which some 
years later gave birth to Christopher Myngs. In 1571 he com- 
manded the Swift of Blakeney, trading to the Low Countries. 
Afterwards he commanded the Margaret and John of London, 
trading to the Mediterranean under charter lo the Levant Com- 
pany, or helping to burn the ships at Cadiz in 1587, and to fight 
the Spaniards in the Channel or off Gravelines in 1588. He 
brought away from the San Lorenzo a piece of plate, which is 
still in the possession of the family. He commanded the Cen- 
turion with Drake in 1589, was at Cadiz in 1596, and died at Salt- 



• Divided. 



' So in MS. It ought to be iist. 



]o6 



DEFEAT OF THE 



the Spaniards), the opportunity that God had offered 
into our hands by breaking the masts of Don Pedro 
his ship, the which all the English navy beheld as 
well as we, we only, with our ship, the Margaret and 
John of London, as all the fleet can testify, bare 
romer' with the ship, being accompanied neither 
with ship, pinnace, or boat of all our fleet. 

2. — At our approaching to the said ship, we 
found left by her, for her safeguard, a great galleon, 
a galleass and a pinnace, with order either to help her 
repair her masts, and so follow the Spanish army, 
gone before, or else to bring away the men, treasure 
and munition thereof, and to fire or sink the ship ; 
all which three, upon the sudden approach of our 
ship, only forsook Don Pedro, leaving him to the 
mercy of the sea. 

3. — If that present evening we had not followed 
the opportunity, but delayed the same until the 
morning following, as others did, then had the ship 
been repaired and carried away ; or else the men, 
treasure and other things of value taken out by 
such as were appointed to attend on her, and so all 
of us frustrated of the prize. And this much hath 
Don Pedro himself confessed, condemning and ex- 
claiming much upon those that were left for his 
comfort, in that they forsook him, upon the coming 
of one small ship, 

4, — About 9 of the clock the same evening we 
came hard under the sides of the ship of Don Pedro, 
which, by reason of her greatness and the sea being 
very much grown, we could not lay aboard without 
spoiling our own ship. And therefore, seeing not 
one man shew himself, nor any light appearing in 
her, we imagined that most of the people had been 
taken out ; and to try whether any were aboard or 
1 or roome ; bare 



SPANISH ARMADA 






not. we discharged 25 or 30 muskets into her cage- 
work, at one volley, with arrows and bullet. And 
presently they gave us two great shot, whereupon 
we let fly our broadside through her, doing them 
some hurt, as themselves have and can testify. 

5. — After this we cast about our ship, and kept 
ourselves close by the Spaniard until midnight, 
sometime hearing a voice in Spanish calling us ; but 
the wind being very great, and we in the weather,' 
the voice was carried away, that we could riot well 
understand it, but were persuaded by our mariners, 
to be the voice of one swimming in the sea ; where- 
upon we put off our ship boat with 8 oars, to seek, 
call, and take them up ; but found nobody. 

6. — About midnight, my Lord Admiral being 
about a league from us and lying a-huU, made sail 
after the whole fleet of the enemy's ; which when 
we perceived, fearing his Lordship's displeasure if we 
should stay behind the fleet, we made all the sail we 
could, and followed my Lord to overtake him. And 
the next morning betimes we went aboard the Ark, 
and certified his Lordship in what distressed state 
we had left the ship our enemy ; praying leave that 
we might be permitted to return to finish our at- 
tempt ; or that his Lordship would send a pinnace 
to Dartmouth or Plymouth, that some shipping 
might be set forth to fetch her in ; for that she 
could not possibly escape, if she were assaulted, and 
sought for. 

7. — During this speech with my Lord Admiral, 
came up one Captain Cely in a pinnace, certifying 
his Lordship that Sir Francis Drake, staying behind 
the fleet all night, had taken the said ship of Don 
Pedro de Valdes, with 460 men in her, full of 
artillery, munition and some treasure. Therefore, 
if any do challenge or expect any recompense for 
' In the wealhet=to windward. 



io8 DEFEAT OF THE 

service done against the said ship (except Sir 
Francis Drake, to whom she was wholly yielded), 
we hope that we cannot be in equity excluded, in 
that we drave away the three ships overnight, which 
otherwise, before the morning, might have carried 
all away ; referring the examination of the truth 
unto your Honours, and the reward to your Lord- 
ships' ordering ; whom the Lord long continue in 
health and felicity. 



August 12.— SEYMOUR TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[ocrr. 1. — Holograph. Addressed.] 

Sir: — I have received letters from Sir John 
Conway,' the which I send you to peruse, desiring 
you to return both it and Sir William Russell's letter. 
I sent Captain Musgrave '^ unto him, a very sufficient 
man, quick and careful. By the way he had two 
Dunkirkers in chase, who had the wind of him, 
otherwise he had had some hand of them. 

This morning my Lord Admiral sent unto me, 
desiring very earnestly to speak with me and 
Sir William Wynter ; and the message was no 
sooner delivered but there was descried almost 30 
sails afar off. I sent him word I had her Majesty's 
pres[ent] service in hand, whereby I could not attend 
him ; also I was directed by my Lords to have a 
vigilant eye to these coasts. But if my Lord him- 
self should come into the Narrow Seas, and that 
Sir Francis Drake should attend as Vice-Admiral, I 
pray you let me be called home ; for by that I find 
by experience, by good observation, some seers of 
antiquity are not the same persons they are deemed. 
And even so do commit you to God. In haste. 



' Governor of Ostend, 



' See vol. i. p. 233. 



SPANISH ARMADA 109 

From aboard the Rainbow, this 12th of August, 
1588, returned to the Downs. 

Your assured friend to command, 

H. Seymour. 

I am earnestly desired by Sir William Russell 
and Sir John Conway to visit them, which — if it 
were not in respect of her Majesty's services for 
Dunkirk, of the which truly, as I have always written 
in many my letters, the same was never to be feared 
by the Duke himself, except he were supported by 
the Spanish or French — I would gladly see them, 
so as I be warranted by my Lords' directions. But 
this withal, we must have our whole month's victuals ; 
whereof we have received but one fortnight, and the 
same in manner expired. 



August \2.— MEMORANDA BY BURGHLEY. 

[ccrr. 3. — Autograph. Endorsed, in Burghley's hand : — rath 
of August, 158S. Charge of the navy with the Lord Admiral 
and Lord Henry Seymour. They are pleasing counsels in 
company.] 

To Spend in time convenient is wisdom. 

To continue charges without needful cause bring- 
eth repentance. 

To hold on charges without knowledge of the 
certainty thereof, and of means how to support them, 
is lack of wisdom. 

Sea. — Lord Admiral : 

There is no knowledge given 
what are the monthly charges on the 
seas. By conjecture, there are 
12,000 men in pay, and so many 
victualled ; which is, by the month, 
in wages and victuals . . . 16.S00/. 



6.590 



no DEFEAT OF THE 

Nota. — In the beginning of July, 
when the Lord Admiral went to the 
West Seas,' there was in wages with 
him . . . 3.770 

And with Sir Francis Drake . 2,820 

Afterward his Lordship and Sir 
Francis Drake took more ships into 
service, with the number of men . 399 

Total in charge in the West 
Country, 4th of July . . . 6,989 

In wages and victual per month, 
at 2%s. a man 9.784/. i6j. 

Sea. — Lord H. Seymour : 

In the charge of the Lord Henry 
Seymour with 16 ships were the 
number of men in charge . . 1,471 men. 

Item. Afterwards were brought 
into her Majesty's charges ships of 
the coasts, in number of men . . 850 men. 

Total in charge in the Narrow 
Seas with the Lord Harry . . 2,321 

In wages and victuals . . 3,249/. 

Total of all the numbers on the 
seas in the Queen's charge, per month 9,310 men. 

Total in money .... 13,033/. 165. 

August 12.— REPORT OF F/CTC/ALS. 

[OOZT. 5- — Endorsed : — For my Lord Treasurer. And in Eurghley's 
hand :— James Quarles' report of victuals, delivered to me 1 aih 
of August, 1588, at St. James.] 

A declaration unto your Lordship what sums of 
money hath been received since the 14th of July, by 
order of your Lordship's warrant, out of the Ex- 

' Actually, he went in the end of May. See vol. i. p. 179. 



^^^V SPANISH ARMADA 


111 ^1 


cAequer, for the victualling of her Majesty's navy ; ^| 


and how the same hath employed, viz. ; — 






Receipts. 


6,000 




First, Received the 14th day of July 





Item, the i6th day of July 


".854 


14 


Item, the 29th of July 


5.593 





Sum 


13.447 


^ 


Of the which, Payments. 






To Mr. Darell, the 15th of July, for the 


£ 


'■ 


victualling 8,000 men for one month of 






28 days, to begin the 8th of August, and to 






end the 5th of September, as appeareth 






by your warrant, at 6d. the man per diem 


6,000 





To Richard Peter, the i6th of July. 






for the victualling of 1,471 men, in 16 of 






her Majesty's own ships with my Lord 




^^ 


Henry Seymour, for one month of 28 




^^^^H 


days, beginning the first of August, and 




^^^^H 


ending the 2Sth of the same, at 6d. the 




^^^^1 


man per diem 


I. "79 




To him, more, for the victualling of 




■ 


850 men, in ships out of divers ports, 




^^^1 


serving at the Narrow Seas, for one 




^^^^^H 


month of 28 days, beginning the 24th of 




^^^^1 


July, and ending the igthday of August. 




^^^^H 


at ()d. the man per diem 


675 




To the said Richard Peter, more, the 




■ 


29lh of July, for the victualling of 7,664 




^^^^1 


men, serving under the charge of my 




^^^^H 


Lord Admiral, for one month, by order 




^^^^H 


of your Lordship's warrant ; to begin the 




^^^^H 


1 2th of August, and to end the 8th of 




^1 


September, at 6d. the man per diem, 




H 


with transport 


5.593 


1 


Sum 


13.447 


A 



112 DEFEAT OF THE 

It will plainly appear unto your Lordship that 
her Majesty's whole navy under the charge of my 
Lord Admiral had been victualled for 6 weeks, 
beginning from the first of August until the 30th of 
September,' if by the sudden coming of the Spanish 
fleet his Lordship was * enforced to take that victual 
which was at that time on board, and to leave the 
rest with Mr, Darell to be sent after ; which, by 
Mr. Darell's certificate unto your Lordship, will 
appear ; which victual is now at the seas with the 
said Mr. Darell ; which being delivered, my Lord 
Admiral with the numbers of 7.671 men, with an 
increase of 7 days' victual more, which lately your 
Lordship hath given order for, shall be victualled 
from the 1 2lh of August unto the last of September.^ 



August 14.—SEVMOUR TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[cCKT, 8, — Holograph. Addressed.] 

Sir ; — There be five pinnaces that went unto my 
Lord with provision of shot, powder and provision ; 
and one at Yarmouth that went to seek my Lord 
Admiral, and know not where to find him. It were 
very good they had intelligence of my Lord Admiral 
here, to the end they may return, or otherwise abide 
your pleasure. So, having sent a perfect note of all 
ships, their tonnages and number of men, according 
to your last direction, do take my leave. From 
aboard the Rainbow, this 13th of August, 1588, in 
the small Downs, where either for lack of wind, or 
too much contrary winds, we abide ; and yet see all 

■ So in MS. 

' ' Not ' is surely omitted. The sense clearly is, ' had not been 
enforced. ' 

* The carelessness and inaccuracy of the wording and arith- 
metic in an important return of this nature is very noteworthy. 



SP.-IX/S/I ARMADA 113 

passengers, and do ne'er a whit fear the Duke of 
Parma's coming forth. 

Your assured to command. 

H. Skvmoub. 

A man of Rye, being a fisherman that came out 
of the North Seas, doth advertise this this morning. 
and that the Spaniards he judgeth to be about the 
Orkneys. Upon some occasions 1 have sent a 
pinnace to Ostend and Flushing. 



\ 



August \^.— SEYMOUR TO U-ALSYNGHAM. 

[ocxv, 9. —Holograph, Addressed. 1 

Sir : — Albeit I lie sometimes, and that very 
seldom, in the small Downs, yet do 1 take this order 
to send my spials abroad, as 1 think good, to dis- 
cover news. 

This day a skipper of Emden, being bound for 
Newhaven with pitch and tar, came aboard me, 
delivering me news, which himself saw. so far as 
he could descry, a great fleet off of Housdon ' in 
Holland, and that great fleet did stand to the north- 
ward in his sight ; and ever since the wind hath 
been for the most part southerly. Another, that is 
come from the Brill, did see no fleet at all. 

For Dunkirk news. I send you Sir Thomas 
Scott's letter, and his advertisement from Doir, the 
same certified from Calais. Notwithstanding. 1 
have sufficient forces this morning abroad along the 
coasts, besides a pinnace to bring me word If they 
should have any need of further help. It Is adver- 
tised likewise that the Duke of Parma hath sent for 
the galleass, meaning to employ her. if she be of 

' Huiiiduinen, near the newer and larger Heldcr The church 
jpirc seems to have been a well-known landmark. 

VOL, II. I 




"4 



DEFEAT OF THE 



nervicc ; which if it should be so, then Mon^eur 
Gourdan playeth on both hands, and it had been a 
good turn if she had been fired at the firsL 

Thus inferring ' these and such like slight ad- 
vertisements for matters rather of further charges to 
her Majesty than otherwise, do take my leave. 
From aboard the Rainbow, this I4ih of August, in 
the Downs, where with one tide, upon occasion of 
their stirring, I can put over to them. 

Your assured loving friend ever, 

H. Sevmour- 

I have taken order for Mr. Bodley, who came 
unto me this morning, upon a postscript from you 
revoking my Lords of the Council's letters, directed 
to my Lord Admiral, and in his absence unto me. 

I shall likewise know by to-morrow morning, by 
these ships I sent this morning, more certain news 
of the Duke of Parma, if any stirring be. Besides 
the spring of the tides is past, which is one of my 
observations 1 had always observed. 

[ pray you procure us pay for our mariners, who 
are more than four months behind. 



Auguit \^—SEYAfOUR TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[ocxT. 10. — Signed. Addressed.] 

Sir : — I send you now more certain news of the 
Duke of Parma his forces of Dunkirk, of the which 
there is no likelihood or appearance of any issuing 
forth, by reason the spring is past and altogether 
declined. And having had further conference with 
one of the Flushingers sent unto me from his 
admiral, doth assure me that there is not above 26 
vessels great and small, wishing they were twice as 

' IiircTriiig=bringing in, reporting. 




SPA.yiSH ARMADA 



15 



many more for them to deal withal, and to have the 
honour of the action ; who are of strength, of them- 
selves. 40 good sails. And now, by reason the 
spring is past, they do mean likewise to attend the 
Duke of Parma's courses over again ' Sluys, where 
some of his flat bottom boats be, meaning to return 
again towards Dunkirk the next spring, and as wind 
and weather shall give them leave. 

I do send you likewise the admiral's letter itself, 
which I pray you to return, both that and others, 
after you have taken your pleasure, I perceive by 
him, likewise, they take a special care to send out 
50 sails of North Hollanders in the pursuit of the 
Spaniards, for the better guarding of their coasts ; 
and have restrained their fishermen that go for 
herrings, so as yet they will not suffer them to go to 
sea in those affairs,^ although the state of the country 
dependeth upon that fishing. And even so, do 
commit you to God. From aboard the Rainbow, 
the 14th of August. 15S8. 

Your assured friend to command, 

H. Seymour. 



Aug. t^*— SEYMOUR Q) TO PRINCE MAURICE. 
[Holland, Ivi. — Copy. Endorsed. French.] 

Sir : — To advertise you of our success since our 
meeting with the enemy and the great fight on 
Monday, being the agihof July, you should understand 
that the Spaniards have lost about eight great ships, 
of which one is a galleass, and by my estimation, 
there are slain of their men from five to six thousand. 
My Lord the Admiral of England continueth to 

* Their business. 
11 the 4lh, hul the pdst.scrjiii is len days 



it6 



DEFEAT OF THE 



follow them, keeping the advantage of the wind, 
and taking every- occasion to fight with them. As 
for me, I have returned with our fleet, which will 
join you as soon as possible.' Meanwhile 1 do not 
doubt that you will have an assured watch, so as the 
enemy cannot undertake anything to your hurt, the 
more as you can keep them closely shut up in Dun- 
kirk until the wind and other occasions permit us to 
join our forces with yours. In my opinion, this will 
be much better. Thus commending myself to your 
good favour, I pray God to help us with his pity, 
and to give you. Sir, a happy and long life. In 
haste, this 4th of August, 15S8. 

Postscript. — Sir, it is ten days past that I have 
written these letters, which the wind and other 
chances have delayed the passage of this captain. 
But for that I am since advertised that the Duke of 
Parma ^ is still unwilling to draw away his forces by 
sea, and hath manifested an intention to advance 
into the country, it seems to me very necessary to 
have a good eye to him. Therefore I pray you to 
send me word from time to time so as we shall be able 
to make our preparations for whatsoever occasions 
shall offer themselves. Likewise I pray you to 
advertise me of the forces which he has in Dunkirk, 
and if his ships are ready, with their number of 
mariners, and if there is any way of burning his ships 
in the haven ; for now that he hath tasted of our 
strength in the encounter which we have had with 
the Spaniards, it is meet that we should pursue them 
to the uttermost, if you desire to live in better pe^ce, 
as the Queen of England, my Sovereign Lady, 
desires it, as well for you as for herself. Meanwhile, 

' This coutd scarcely be written by anyone but Seymour. 

' MS. que le Due de Parma ne veul point encore jetter 
arrifetc sea forces par mer comme il montre ses desseins pour aller 
plus avnnt au pays. 



SPANISH ARAfADA 



tt is not possible that he should ; 



this 



ii; 
under- 



his time uni 
take any enterprise by sea, because that the spring 
is past ; nevertheless he may send some small 
vessels northward, which you will easily be able to 
overcome. 



August 1%.— HOWARD TO WINCHESTER. 
[ccxv. 20.— Copy. Endorsed.] 

To the Right Honorable my very good Lord 
the Lord Marquis, and the rest of the Justices of 
Peace in the county of Dorset. 

After my hearty commendations ; — Whereas the 
Ryall of Weymouth hath served in her Majesty's 
service of late against the Spaniards, in defence of 
religion, our prince and country, for the space of 
one month, wherein she and her company have 
performed their duties very well, and that now, in 
reward of their good service, they look for payment 
and satisfaction : 

These are therefore to pray your Lordship, and 
the rest of the justices of your shire, to cause an 
estimate to be first taken of the powder, shot, 
victuals and other charges of pay, and such like ; 
and afterwards to cause the sum to be levied by 
equal contributions, as shall seem good to your 
Lordship and the rest, out of your shire of Dorset ; 
and therewith to reward and satisfy the good 
service of the said ship and company. 

And so, not doubting of your Lordship's favour- 
able help herein, and the readiness of the rest, I bid 
your Lordship and the rest heartily farewell. From 
aboard her Majesty's good ship the Ark, the 15th 
of August, 1588. Your loving friend, 

C. Howard, 



DEFEAT OF THE 



CHARGES OF THE RYALL OF WEYMOUTH. 

[ocxv. 20, 1.— Endorsed : — A note of the charge &c. Exhibited 
by Thomas Middle ton.] 

A note of the charges expended by the Ryall of 
Weymouth in her Majesty's service against the 
Spanish fleet, under the Right Honourable the 



Lord Admiral, s 
one month : — 



t forth the 32nd of July, 



, for 



First, for 9 barrels of powder . 56 o o 
Item, 1 cwt. of match .150 

for cartridges in canvas, 100 

for one minion piece, broken 

in the fight .600 

for the hire of the ship, being 
of burden 160 tons, for one 
month . 16 o o 

for the wages of 70 men for 

one month. . . . 50 o o 
for the victualling of the said 
70 men, according to her 
Majesty's rate . . . 45 10 O 

Sum total 175 15 o 

Memorandum. — That there was one bowsprit 
spent, and one anchor broken, with some other spoil 
in the said ship, which is not charged in this ac- 
count. 



16,— SEYMOUR TO VVALSYNGHAM. 
[cciv. 21. — Holograph. Addressed.] 

Sir : — I have taken order for Monsieur de 
Clermont ' to jjass him over safely to Flushing; also 

' Clermont d'Amhoise, one of the leaders of ihe French 
Protestants, and at ihis time on an embass-y from the King of 



SPANISH ARMADA 119 

have directed another pinnace for Boulogne, being a 
matter of importance which requireth haste. And 
as for your news of the Spaniards for being at the 
Frith of Moray, and that the same should not be 
able to receive the whole fleet, I have inquired of 
the most sufficient pilots in our company, that do 
resolve me certainly that it is a great bay, able to 
contain two such fleets, being in distance 10 leagues 
over in the bay, within where they may ride along 
the shore, from^ the North-North- West to SW. 
winds ; but all easterly winds, it is open and a very 
ill place, such as if it blows any strength they are 
not able to ride. And as for my Lord Admiral 
coming hither, I am very glad, and could have 
wished his Lordship here all my time of abode, for 
the bettering of the service. But as touching my 
Lord s sending out to Dunkirk, I know well they 
have tasted of the same cup as Mr. Bellingham's 
company, which I sent this other day. So, having 
nothing else to write, do commit you to God. 
From aboard the Rainbow, this i6th of August, 
1 588. Your assured friend to command, 

H. Seymour. 

The merchant ships lately set out from London, 
under the charge of Mr. Gorges and Mr. Belling- 
ham.^ their victuals do expire on Thursday next ; 
which, if they be further to be employed, they must 
be supplied ; as also ourselves, of her Majesty's old 
company, having but 12 days, at this present, of 
victuals. 

Navarre to solicit Elizabeth's assistance. Cf. Wright's Queen 
Elizabi th and her Times, ii. 384. 

• U'ith the wind from &c. 

' Henry Bellingham had commanded the Rainbow with 
Drake at Cadiz in the previous year. He was now the captain 
of the George Noble, and in command of the ten ships set forth 
by the city oi London on July 29. See vol. i. p. 339. 



DEFEAT OF THE 



August \6.— SEYMOUR TO THE COUNCIL. 
[ooxv 22. — Holograph. Addressed. In bad condition.] 

It may please your Lordships : — Whereas I 
received a letter from Sir Thomas Scott, and other 
advertisements besides, concurring with the said 
letter, of the Duke of Parma's sudden reinforcing 
his strength with present shipping to transport 
40,000 men for England, albeit I could hardly be 
persuaded in my own conceit, as well for not having 
other aid than his own, as also being the last day of 
the spring for any coming out of large ships from 
Dunkirk, yet, nevertheless, I took order for Mr. 
Bellingham. the 13th of this month, to go presently 
thither with his charge of ships. Withal I sent a 
pinnace for advice, [and if] any service should 
happen, to bring me word. [Upon] which his being 
there, the weather being most variable {by the 
experience I have divers limes bought dear), two of 
his ships was aground and himself in great danger. 
But, thanked be God, this morning they be come 
over, all somewhat out of order by the distress of 
weather. So as I hope your Lordships will be 
thoroughly resolved that those coasts are not to be 
stayed upon. 

I am further informed upon our seas, that the 
Spanish fleet are in Scotland, in the Moray Frith, 
and that the King of Scots should be enforced 
to leave his country ; which if it be so, your Lord- 
ships do know it better than myself, and what is to 
be done herein. 

As for the Duke of Parma, what with the 
Flushingers' good attendance on the one side and 
our ships on the other, as I have always written. I 
shall never be so happy to see him come out, but 



SPANISH ARMADA 121 

rather fear him in other places, having [suspicion of 
mind] that it is not unlike he may attempt both 
Bergen -[op-Zoom] and Ostend at one time ; so 
much the more because it is not unknown unto him 
how this country is weakened by sending over Sir 
Thomas Morgan [with] so many musketeers. 

Lastly, I still perceive a continual recourse in 
transporting victuals to Calais, which is the only 
colour for the enemy now that the Lords ' are 
absent from Bourbourg. 

This, having overlong troubled your Lordships, I 
humbly take my leave. From aboard the Rainbow, 
this 1 6th of August, 1588, at anchor in Dover road. 
Your Lordships' humble to command, 

H. Seymour. 



August X6.— THE COUNCIL TO BURGHLEY. 
[B.U. Egerton US. 1525, f. 14.— Signed. Addressed.] 

After our right hearty commendations to your 
good Lordship : — Whereas there was a Privy Seal 
directed to your Lordship, bearing date the 13th of 
July last past, for the defraying of the charges for 
the victualling of those ships which were at the seas, 
as well under our very good Lord the Lord Admiral 
of England as the Lord Henry Seymour, according 
to such certificates as^ the numbers of men that 
shall from time to time serve in the said navy as 
your Lordship shall receive either from the said 
Lord Admiral, the Lord Henry Seymour, and Sir 
William Wynter, knight, or from six of us, from 
month to month, according as there shall be occasion 
for the continuance of the service : — Now, forasmuch 

' The commissioners for ihe treat)-. 

» So in MS. As to. or of. 



DEFEAT OF THE 



as it is thought most necessary that there should be 
A new supply of victuals to be made for the times 
ensuing ; viz., for 7,664 men's victuals to serve under 
the Lord Admiral for seven days, beginning the 9th 
of September next following, and ending the 15th 
day of the same month, the sum of one thousand 
three hundred forty-one pounds and four shillings, 
and for the transportation of the same propor- 
tion of victuals fourscore pounds ; likewise for the 
victuals of 1.522 men serving in her Majesty's 
ships under the said Lord Henry Seymour, for 14 
days, beginning the 29ih day of this present August, 
and to end the nth of September following, the 
sum of five hundred thirty and two pounds 145., 
and for transportation of the same fourscore pounds ; 
and also for 784 men's victuals serving under the 
said Lord Henry Seymour in sundry merchants' 
ships, for 23 days, to begin the 20th of this August, 
and to end the said iith of September. 1588, the 
sum of four hundred fifty pounds 165., and for trans- 
portation thereof fourscore pounds : These shall be 
to pray your Lordship, according to the said warrant, 
out of such her Majesty's treasure as remaineth in 
the receipt of the Exchequer, to pay or cause to be 
paid unto James Quarles. surveyor-general for the 
victualling of her Majesty's navy, the sums afore- 
said, amounting together to the sum of 2,564/. 14^. : 
Wherein these shall be sufficient warrant and dis- 
charge to your Lordship in that behalf. So we bid 
your Lordship right heartily farewell. From the 
Court at St. James, the i6th of August. 1588. 
Your Lordship's assured loving friends, 
W. BuRGHLEV. C. Howard. 

H. HUNSDON. W. COBHAM. F. KnOLLVS. 

T. Heneage. 
Fk.^ Walsvngtiam. Jamvs Croft. A. Poulet. 



SPANISH ARMAD.-i 



August \7.— SEYMOUR TO WALSYNGUAM. 
[ccxT. S4. — Holograph, Addressed.] 

Sir: — Monsieur de Nassau was driven over at 
the same lime when Mr. Belllngham was with his 
company put to the same trump, and came yester- 
night to Dover, and this morning followed me to 
the Downs with 40 sails well appointed and 
furnished. When 1 anchored he came to dinner 
unto me, where he found Sir Henry Palmer. 
Edward Wynter and John Wynter, Sir William 
being ill at ease in his bed. Among many con- 
ferences which he ministered of our exploits, with 
the banquet which the Spaniards received of her 
Majesty's navy between Calais and Gravelines, he 
said that the enterprise was so proud and so 
outrecnid^ of Parma to procure all the nobility of 
Spain to take upon them the conquest of England, 
that if there had been no blow given, but only the 
discovery of her Majesty's great forces both by land 
and sea,' had been enough to have mated " them, 
thinking that they will be better advised another 
time how to take in hand the like action. And as 
for the Duke of Parma his forces by Dunkirk, he 
thinketh them not to exceed 30 sails, altogether 
unfurnished of mariners, which he could never 
procure ; so in his opinion, his fiat bottom boats 
should* never have enterprised anything upon 
England, but upon the present joining of both the 
navies, English and Spanish, where their last 
I meeting was * ; wherein God hath mightily defended 

1 It. ' Confounded. ^ Would. 

' He appt'^rs to mean, upon the joining of the fleets and ihe 
I detet of the English ; but he does not say so. 



124 DEFEAT OF THE 

us, considering the time of their anchoring nigh 
upon the spring tide.' 

I find his service, with the Count de Nassau 
himself, much devoted to her Majesty ; and so 
much the more, for that they find her Majesty hath 
always dealt most favourably with them when the 
peace was tendered. What is further to be 
advertised, I refer to his letters, which he desired 
me to see the same conveyed. I find the man very 
wise, subtle* and cunning, and thereafter do trust 
him. 

This, having this morning set a-Iand Monsieur 
de Clermont returned to Boulogne, as otherwise 
despatched him to Flushing, do commit you to 
God. In some haste, from aboard the Rainbow, 
this 17th of August, in the Downs. 1588. 

Your assured loving friend ever, 

H. Seymour. 

Postscript. — I hope my Lord Admiral will be 
satisfied of our experience for riding on the other 
coasts; for had not Mr. Beilingham and two other 
ships have been aground, the Aid. and others which 
he sent at that time, had come to a worst reckoning, 
and were enforced to come away, for all they were 
commanded to ride there by his Lordship. 

I shall be enforced to send Mr. Beilingham and 
his charge to-morrow hence, having not victuals 
for three days ; and in like sort my cousin Knyvet' 
two or three days after, except the same be counter- 
manded. Our own victuals expire ten days hence ; 
and by that time another month be supplied, I hope 
her Majesty's cares and troubles will end for this 
year ; but I do not believe so for the rest. 

' Which would have allowed the larger vessels to get out of 
Dunkirk if the English had been defeated, 

' MS, siittell, ' See anie, p, 36, 



SPANISH ARMADA 






k 



Aug. 17.— COUNT JUSTIN TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[ooxv. 26. — Holograph. Addressed. French.] 



Sir: — Being arrived yester evening, in the road 
of Dover, with forty ships of war, I had the honour 
to 6nd my Lord Seymour in the same, where, when 
I had particularly related to him that I had heard of 
the designs of the Prince of Parma, he assured me 
that it should be very agreeable to your Honour if 
I were to inform you thereof by letter. For this 
cause, Sir, 1 think it my duty to make known to 
you that, by the report of the espials which I sent 
to Bruges, the Prince of Parma hath disembarked 
his soldiers as well at Dunkirk as at Nieuport; 
nevertheless, he still keepeth them together in the 
western parts of Flanders, with the intention, as 
many judge, of laying siege to Ostend, If he hath 
not intelligence that the Spanish fleet is like shortly 
to return hitherwards, which it is hard to be be- 
lieved, as it was received so briskly the first time by 
her Majesty's fleet. 

There are now at Sluys 70 or 80 flat-bottomed 
boats' of those that should be at Nieuport ; where- 
fore I judge that the enemy may undertake some- 
thing against the isles of Zealand ; and though I left 
before the said haven to the number of 25 crom- 
sters,^ to impeach their coming out, yet. as the tides 
will not serve those of Dunkirk to come out. for 
the more surety I will go thither myself with all 

' MS. pleyles. 

' MS. trommesttvens. The word, as the thing, was Dutch. It 
waa a sort of hoy, and would seem to have been approved of, as 
in December four were ordered for the EngHsh navy (S.P. Dom. 
Elit. ccxix. 60), and after that they became common. For small 
ciaft, they carried a heavy armament : eight culverins, six demi- 
culrerins, and two sakcrs. 



126 



DEFEAT OF THE 



my ships, so as to fight them with more advantage, 
if perchance they should attempt an)lhing against 
Holland or Zealand. Nevertheless I will not fail to 
return before Dunkirk by the next full moon to 
impeach their coming forth, or to meet with them if 
they design to put to sea. Thus I humbly kiss 
your Honour's hands, and beseech the Almighty to 
give you. Sir, good health and a long and happy life. 
From my ship, in the Downs, this 27th ' of August, 
1588. 

Your ver)' humble and affectionate servant, 

JusTiNus DE Nassau. 



August \%.—SEYMOUR TO WALSYNGHAM. 

[ccxv. 27.^ Holograph. Addressed.] 

Plain dealing is best among friends. I will not 
flatter you, but you have fought more with your pen 
than many have in our English navy fought with 
their enemies ; and but that your place and most 
necessary attendance about her Majesty cannot be 
spared, your valour^ and deserts in such places 
opposite to the enemy had showed itself 

For Mr, Henry Bellingham and his company, as 
I wrote yesterday by my servant, his victuals will 
scant carry him home to London ; which, if you find 
cause of further employment, you may use your au- 
thority. Also Mr. Thomas Knyvet's company is in 
the like predicament, which is like to follow, except 
the same be countermanded. 

But as touches our martial men, whom you have 
always re-spected. let a old servant of her Majesty's, 
Mr, Henry Bellingham, not be forgotten m thai 
concerneth him, to make recompense of her Ma- 

' New style. " MS. valure. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



I 



I 



I 



jesty's favour towards him in his suit, for the which 
your favourable means will be a good help ; and for 
further experience of Dunkirk and Gravelines coasts, 
it seemeth he hath been heretofore acquainted with 
them. 

For myself, as I have not spared my body, which 
I thank God is able to go through thick and thin, let 
not the same be spared to knit up all [harass] 
between her Majesty and her service, so far forth as 
God will give us leave : 1 will not say as the Duke 
of Parma, by ' Sir John Conway's letter which 1 sent 
you — I am bound to revenge, and I will do it, ask- 
ing^ God no leave. I will not trouble you any fur- 
ther; but if you have cause to employ me further, let 
all my wants be supplied, and refer the rest to God. 
From aboard the Rainbow, this iSth of August, 
1588. Your assured friend ever. 

H. Seymour. 

Sir, I should do the master of my ship wrong if 
I should not further his careful service, being a man 
of substance, most valiant, and most sufficient besides 
concerning his charge. I would desire you to prefer 
him to her Majesty coat^ of ordinary, for 1 know 
n*i'er a man in England that 1 would wish sooner to 
have care of the prince's person, if they were driven 
to the seas, than him. 

Spare me not while I am abroad ; for when God 
shall return me, I will be kin to the bear, I will be 
haled to the stake, before \ come abroad again.' 

' Sc. as ihe Duke of Parma said, according to &c. 

' MS. axing. 

' To be one of the four masters attendant, who received 
annually, in addition to wages and victuals, a richly laced scarlet 
coat. Cf. BM. Addl. AfS. 5752, f. 19 ; Monson's JVava/ Tracts, 
in Churchill's Voyages, iii. 284, 289. 

* The extreme badness of the writing of this letter, and Ihe 
inconsequence of the sentences, seem to suggest that it was 
written late in the evening. 



DEFEAT OF THE 



August 19.—SEYMOUR TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[coxv. 31.— Signed, and autograph postscript. Addressed.] 

Sir : — I shall be glad to do her Majesty all the 
service I can which in duty I am bound, as other- 
wise for my country, 1 find my Lord Admiral doth 
repair to these quarters, as I gather, to this end, to 
seek the Spaniards ; whom when he shall find, I wish 
him no better advantage than he had upon our last 
conflict with them. But I hardly doubt the meeting 
of them this year, and for my own part desire to be 
spared at home for divers respects, which hereafter I 
may unfold. I know I am envied, being a man not 
suitable with them, and therefore my actions and 
services shall be in vain. Besides my summer ship, 
always ordained for the Narrow Seas, will never be 
able to go through with the Northern, Irish, or 
Spanish seas, without great harm and spoil of oar 
own people by sickness. I have hitherto (znvi'ta 
Minerva) maintained my honour and credit in all 
my services as best becometh me. I would be loth 
now to stand ad arhlrtum Judieis, and thereafter 
do pray you to respect your good devoted friend. 
who hath many weighty irons of his own to look 
unto ; and so do commit you to God. From aboard 
the Rainbow, the 19th of August, 1588. 

Your very loving assured friend. 

H. Seymour. 

Postscript. — I shall be enforced to send away my 
cousin Knyvet and his company to-morrow to 
London, because of their short victuals and other 
lacks, which must be supplied, if the service be any 
more commanded. 



SPA A' IS U ARMADA 



August ig.—SBYMOl'R TO HOWARD. 
[CCXT. 33. ^Signed, and autograph postscript. Addressed.] 

My good Lord ; — By the receipt of your Lord- 
ship's letter, and upon further consideration for my 
ship, I think it convenient to acquaint your Lord- 
ship beforehand in what sort she is, and how I was 
enforced, upon the discovery of our enemies, to alter 
her decks by cutting them and to make her fightable, 
so as now the time of the year is past, and the 
mariners of the ships do already complain of the 
great cold they find, and shall every day more and 
more sustain the like, except she be holpen and 
better repaired for their succour. Otherwise, in the 
summer time, the ship being repaired and mended 
as 1 say unto your Lordship, and those naked 
quarters which I find in her supplied with two pieces 
of ordnance more, I would not change her for many 
ships in the fleet. 

And because your Lordship sets down the time 
of my Lady Sheffield's ' repair to Dieppe not before 
the 26th of this month, and that our victualling 
doth expire within a day or two after, by the 28th of 
this month, I have made some stay of sending the 
Achates, to the end that Mr. Burnell. whom your 
Lordship appointed to come unto me, whom I do 
not yet see, may fulfil your pleasure therein. This, 
being glad to understand of your Lordship's repair 
to these coasts, do commit you to God. From 
aboard the Rainbow, the 19th of August, [588. 
■ Your Lordship's loving friend, 

H. SEYMOUIt. 
if the second Lord Sheffield, 



I30 DEFEAT OF THE 

It would be known what shall become of Mr. 
Thomas K ny vet's company by to-morrow some 
time in the day, or otherwise I must send him 
away. 

The men of my ship do begin to fall sick 
already, and did the last year die unreasonable, 
when Sir H. Palmer was in her. which is to be con- 
sidered by your Lordship. 

After 1 had sealed your Lordship's letter, being 
informed of some pilling ' knaves between Beachy 
and the Ness,^ 1 have despatched away the Achates, 
and the same to clear the coasts and to transport my 
Lady your sister, wishing them to prolong their 
victuals thereafter. 



August 19.— SEYMOUR TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[CCXT. 84. — Signed, and autograph postscript. Addressed.] 

Sir: — I have received letters from my Lord 
Admiral, by the which 1 perceive his Lordship is to 
repair to these coasts ; whereof I am not a little 
glad, and hope I may now be discharged upon the 
time of his Lordship's coming. For otherwise, if 
there be any reckoning for me to attend his Lord- 
ship northward or to the other seas, in seeking the 
Spaniards, whom I hardly believe we shall find, this 
ship is not for the purpose, except she be presently 
mended and repaired ; for our men fall sick, by 
reason of the cold nights and cold mornings we 
find ; and I fear me they will drop away far faster 
than they did the last year with Sir Henry Palmer, 
which was thick enough. Otherwise, being re- 
paired, and supplied with such necessaries as is 
' To piU = to rob. ' Dungeness. 



SPANISH ARMADA 131 

requisite for her, and which I find by experience 
most of her Majesty's ships have, I shall be glad to 
ye in her before many other ships. And even so 
lommit you to God. From aboard the Rainbow, 
P9th of August, 1588. 

Your very loving assured friend. 
H. Seymour. 

I am taught to find the advantages and dis- 
advantages of my ship, for that she is naked on 
both sides in one of her quarters, lacking two good 
brass pieces. 



August \9.—SIR JOHN PERROT' TO 
WALSYNGHAM. 

[ccxT. 30.— Signed. Addressed,] 

Sir: — May it please you: as by chance two 
Irish merchants were put into this haven of Miiford, 
that lately were at Bluet^ in France, and yesterday 
came to my house ; by whose reports it should seem 
certain galleys of the Spanish fleet were lost upon 
the coast of France, though not so many as I would 
there were. And inasmuch as I am glad to adver- 
tise the same, I have sent you herein the report of 
one of the merchants, signed with his hand ; but 
how true I cannot warrant, but judge it to be so. ! 
humbly take my leave, Carew,^ the 19th of 
August, 1588. 

Yours whom you may command, 

j. Per ROT. 



' Formerly Lord Deputy of Ireland, but had been sujierseded 
tn the preceding February, by Sir William Fylzwylliam. 

' Blavet : on the south side of the river Blavet, where it falls 
inio Port St. Louis '' In Pembrokeshire. 



DEFEAT OF THE 



August \%.~NEWS OUT OF FRANCE. 

[ooxT, 30, I. — Copy. Enclosure in Sir John Penoi's leticr of 
August 19.] 

Written the i8th of August. 1588. 

Nicholas Feld of Dublin, merchant, arrived at 
Bluet in France the first of August, and there met 
with a Spanish galley which was driven there by 
foul weather. By report of a ship that came from 
Newfoundland, that there was a galley lost upon the 
Sein, for proof they found of the Spaniards upon 
the water, and took them up, and took off their 
clothes. More, the admiral of the galleys com- 
manded that they would bear up with him to 
Bayonne de Buck ' ; and the pilot of one of the 
galleys told the captain that if he had gone for 
Bayonne that there was no way but death, and if 
he had gone with him to France he would save 
their lives with God's help, whereupon they did 
agree to go with him. and did arrive at Bluet in 
France, being so sore beaten with weather that they 
had the carpenters 10 days repairing of the galleys. 
Also the admiral with one galley in his company 
went for Bayonne, and there was lost both." For 
proof, the said Nicholas spake with one of their 
galley slaves, which was a Frenchman of Bluet 
that came away from thence, which told this news. 
Nicholas Feld. 

' Boucatil, [he old mouth of the Adour, 

' There were four galleys in the armada when it sailed from 
Corunna. They all paried company in crossing the Bay of 
Biscay, and were driven by ihe fresh wind to the coast of France. 
One was lost at Bayonne ; the other three eventually returned to 
Spain (Duro, i. 65 n., 1*3 ; ii. 332), Feld's story was therefore 
felse so far as he was repeating; hearsay, but very possibly he did 
^ one of the galleys at Blavet, 



SPANISH ARMADA 



August 2 I . 



-DON PEDRO DE VALDES TO 
KING PHILIP 



[ocxv. 38. — Endorsed :— Copy of Don Pedro de Valdes' letter to 
the King his master. Englished.' August last, 1588, slilo novo.] 

The 30th [i/Z/f novo] of last month I acquainted 
your Majesty^ with the proceedings of your Heet 
until that time ; now I will write what hath since 
happened unto me. The same day the Duke called 
to council ; and being within 10 or 12 leagues of 
Plymouth, where, by the report of a fisherman 
whom we took, he had understanding that the 
English fleet was at anchor,^ it was resolved we 
should make to the mouth of the haven and set 
upon the enemy, if it might be done with any 
advantage ; or otherwise, keep our course directly 
to Dunkirk without losing of any time. Within 
two hours after, their fleet was discovered out of my 
ship four leagues off to leeward of ours, the haven 
of Plymouth remaining to windward'' of us. I 
acquainted the Duke withal presently, desiring to 
know what he thought fit to be done ; wherein he 
neither took re.solution nor made me answer, but, 
hoisting sail, spent all that day and night bearing 
but little sail, and by that means gave the enemy 
time to get the wind of us^ by next morning, who 
presently set upon our rearward where Juan 

' There is no copy of the original, which was most probably 
sent on to ihe King. Scepost, p. 149. 

' Of this letter there is naturally no trace in this country. It 
is not mentioned by Duro. 

* Cf. vol. i, p. xxxvii, and post, App. E. 

* So in MS, In fact, it was to leeward, the wind being south- 
westerly. 

* Though evidently, as they were running before the wind, 
, the English would have got the wind of them stiJI sooner if they 

had carried more sail. 



■34 



DEFEAT OF THE 



^ 



Martinez de Recalde and I did sail with the ship- 

fjing under our charge. Our ordnance played a 
ong while on both sides, without coming to hand 
stroke. There was little harm done, because the 
fight was far off. 

When we had ended, I sent a pinnace unto Juan 
Martinez de Recalde, to know whether he had 
received any harm ; his answer was that his galleon 
had been sore beaten, and that his foremast was 
hurt with a great shot ; praying me that I would 
come to relieve him, for that other-ways he should 
not be able to abide any new fight if it were offered 
the same day. Whereupon making towards him 
with my ship, according to his desire, it happened 
that another Biscayan ship of his company, lying so 
in the way as 1 could neither pass by nor bear room, 
on the sudden fell foul in such sort with the prow of 
mine as she brake her spritsail and crossyard ' : by 
reason of which accident, and for want of sail, my 
ship being not able to steer readily, tt happened 
again that, before ! could repair that hurt, another 
snip fell foul with her likewise in the self same 
manner, and brake her bowsprit, halyards and fore- 
course. Whereupon, finding myself^ in so ill case, I 
presently sent word thereof to the Duke, to the end 
fie might stay for me until I had put on another 
forecourse, which I carried spare, and put myself* in 
order. 

In the meanwhile I got to the fleet as well as I 
could ; and. being to leeward of them, struck the 
crossyard of my foremast and the rest of my sail, to 
repair my hurt the better, hoping that the Duke 
would have done according to my request. While 
I was in this case, the sea did rise in such sort thai 

' This seems to mean the $pnt»il yuA, but lowet down it is 
cirarly the fore yard. 
» MS. meseif 




SPANISH ARMADA 



my ship, having struck sail and wanting her halyard 
of the foremast, being withal but badly built, did 
work so extremely as shortly after, and before it 
could be remedied, her foremast brake close by the 
hatches.' and fell upon the mainmast, so as it was 
impossible to repair that hurt but in some good 
space of time. I did again send word thereof two 
several times to the Duke, and discharged three or 
four great pieces, to the end all the fleet might know 
what distress I was in, praying him either to appoint 
some ship or galleass to tow me ahead, or to direct 
me what other course I should take. Nevertheless. 
although he was near enough to me, and saw in 
what case I was, and might easily have relieved me, 
yet would he not do it ; but even as if we had not 
been your Majesty's subjects nor employed in your 
service, discharged a piece to call the fleet together, 
and followed his course, leaving me comfortless in 
the sight of the whole fleet, the enemy being but a 
quarter of a league from me ; who arrived upon the 
closing up of the day ; and although some ships set 
upon me, I resisted them, and defended myself^ all 
that night, till the next day, hoping still that the 
Duke would send me some relief, and not use so 
great inhumanity and un thankfulness towards me ; 
for greater I think was never heard of among men. 
The next day, finding myself in so bad case, 
void of all hope to be relieved, out of sight of our 
Heet, and beset with the enemies, and Sir Francis 
Drake, admiral of the enemy's fleet, bearing towards 
me with his ship, from whom there came a message 
that I should yield myself upon assurance of good 
usage. 1 went aboard him, upon his word, to treat 
of the conditions of our yielding, wherein the best 
conclusion that could be taken was the safety of our 
lives and courteous entertainment ; for performance 
' The deck. ' MS. meself. 



136 



DEFEAT OF THE 



whereof he gave us his hand and word of a gentle- 
man, and promised he would use us belter than any 
others that were come to his hands, and would be a 
mean that the Queen should also do the like ; where- 
upon, finding that this was our last and best remedy, 
I thought good to accept of his offer. The next 
day he brought me to see the general, by whom I 
was courteously received, seeming to be sorry that 
the Duke had used me so hardly, and confirming 
the same promises that Sir Francis Drake had 
made unto me. 

After ten days space that I had been in his 
company, he sent me to London ; and with me, the 
captains of footmen, Don Alonso de (^ayas ' of 
Laja. and Don Vasco de Mendo9a y de Silva ' 
of Xerez de los Cavalleros, who had charge of the 
companies that were levied in those places ; and the 
Queen at his request sent us four leagues off to a 
gentleman's house, called Richard Drake,'* that is 
his kinsman, where we receive the best usage and 
entertainment that may be. About forty of the 
better sort besides are bestowed in divers men's 
houses in London ; the rest, together with the ship, 
were carried to Plymouth.^ 

I have no other matter to impart unto your 
Majesty until the return of Sir Francis Drake, who 
is yet at sea, for then there will be some resolution 
taken what shall become of us. These captains do 
humbly kiss your Majesty's feet, and we all beseech 
your Majesty that it will please you to remember us, 
and to comfort us with your princely letters in 
answer hereof &c. August last, 15S8. 

' Duro, ti. 80. ' Cf. vol. i. p. 356. 

' She was sent to Torhay and Dartmouth. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



Aug. 22,— SIR G. CAREY TO LORD HUNSDON. 

[ccxv. 37. — Signed. Addressed.] 

My duty to your Lordship most humbly 
remembered; — It may piease you to be advertised 
that this morning there arrived here divers mariners 
of this island, which came in a bark of Hampton, 
from Shetland ' ; who, upon oath, affirm that on 
this day fortnight, being the Sth of this present, 
they being come 12 leagues from Shetland, South- 
East. where they had been a-fishing, they descried a 
very great fleet of monstrous great ships, to their 
seeming being about 100 in number, lyingjust West, 
with both sheets aftward,'^ whereby their course was 
to run betwixt Orkneys and Fair Island ; Shetland 
lying North and by East of Orkneys 21 leagues, 
and Fair Island lying 10 leagues from Orkneys, 
about East-North-East. Sithence which time, for 
7 days together, they say they found at sea the 
wind most at South-East ; whereby they judge the 
Spanish fleet could fetch no part of Scotland except 
some of the out isles ; for themselves, lying by a 
wind, which a fleet will hardly do, it was 7 days 
before they could reach Moray Frith, which is far 
in the north of Scotland. 

These good news of so peaceable a departure of 
our enemies, if before they have not been delivered, 
or not with so great certainty, I humbly beseech 
your Lordship to present them from me to her 
Majesty and the rest of the Lords ; to whom I spare 
to write, in respect I hope your Lordship will 
acquaint them with them. Whereas also I sent a 
bark to see in what sort the Spanish ship that lay 



' MS. Shotlard, througlio 



Aughlwarde. 



138 DEFEAT OF THE 

at Hogge ' Bay in France was to be set upon, 
having prepared men and shipping to have set forth 
to take her, what news I received from Alderney, 
both of that ship and otherwise, your Lordship shall 
also receive here enclosed.'' And so, with the humble 
remembrance of my duty to my Lady, I humbly 
commit you to the tuition of the only Almighty. 
From the Park, this 22nd of August, 15S8. 

Your Lordship's most dutiful and obedient son, 
George Carey. 



August 12.— HOWARD TO THE QUEEN. 

[flcxv. 40. — Holograph. Addressed : — To the Queen's most 
excellent Majesty.] 

My most gracious Sovereign * : — The great good- 
ness of your Majesty towards me that hath so little 
deserved, doth make me in case that 1 know not 
how to write to your Majesty how much I am bound 
to you for your infinite goodnesses, nor cannot be 
answered by any ways but with the spend of my 
blood and life in your Majesty's service, which I 
will be as ready and as willing to do as ever 
creature that lived was for their prince. 

My most gracious Lady, with great grief I must 
write unto you in what state I find your fleet* in 
here. The infection is grown very great and in 
many ships, and now very dangerous ; and those 
that come in fresh are soonest infected ; they 
sicken the one day and die the next. It is a thing 

' La Hogue. This was the Sanla Ana, which had left the 
fleet after the fight on the 25th. 

' Not now to be found. * MS. Soferen. 

* He had been summoned to the Court on the gth, signed a 
Council letter at St. James's on the :6th, and arrived at Dover on 
the list. 



SPANISH ARMADA 139 

that ever followeth such great services.' and I doubt 
not but with good care and God's goodness, which 
doth always bless your Majesty and yours, it will 
quench again. The course that we here think meet 
to he kept, both for the service as also for the safety 
of your Majesty's people, we have written at lai^e 
unto my Lords of your Majesty's Privy Council, to 
inform your Majesty, and have also sent this bearer, 
Mr. Thomas Fenner, who is both wise and can 
inform your Majesty how all things standeth here. 
And because it requireth speed, the resolution of 
your Majesty, I do leave to trouble your Majesty 
any further, praying to the Almighty God to make 
your Majesty to live more happier days than ever 
creature that lived on the earth. From Dover, the 
22nd of August. 

Your Majesty's most bound, most 

faithful and obedient servant, 

C. Howard. 

Even as 1 had written thus much, Mr. E. 
Norreys ^ came, whose advertisement ^ doth alter the 
case much. 



Augusl 22.— HOWARD TO THE COUNCIL. 
[coxT. 41.— Signed. Addressed.] 

May it please your Lordships : — Upon my 
coming back to Dover the 21st of August, about 
three of the clock in the afternoon, I presently sent 
for the Lord Henry Seymour. Sir William Wynter, 
Sir Francis Drake, Sir John Hawkyns, Sir Henry 
Palmer and Mr. Thomas Fenner, to come unto 

' MS. sarvyses. 

* Sir Edwaid Norreys, brother of Sir John. See vol. i. p. 306 n. 

• Set post, p. 142. 



I40 DEFEAT OF THE 

me. to confer with them for the present consideration 
of her Majesty's service : who declared unto me the 
state of the fleet, which with sorrow and grief I 
must deliver unto your Lordships. As I left some 
of the ships infected at my coming up, so I do find, 
by their reports that have looked deeply into it, 
that the most part of the fleet is grievously infected, 
and [men] die daily, falling sick in the ships by 
numbers ; and that the ships of themselves be so 
infectious, and so corrupted, as it is thought to be a 
very plague ; and we find that the fresh men that 
we draw into our ships are infected one day and die 
the next,' so as many of the ships have hardly men 
enough to weigh their anchors ; for my Lord 
Thomas Howard, my Lord Sheffield, and some five 
or six other ships, being at Margate, and the wind 
ill for that road, are so weakly manned by the 
reason of this sickness and mortality, as they were 
not able to weigh their anchors to come whereas* 
we are. 

Now. my Lords, sith the matter is of that 
moment for the service of her Majesty and this 
realm, we have entered into consideration what is 
fittest to be done, the extremity being so great ; the 
one touching the service of the realm, the other con- 
cerning the mortality and sickness ; and therefore 
thought this course which we here set down to be 
fittest to be done; which is: — To divide our fleet 
into two parts ; the one to ride in the Downs, the 
other at Margate or Gorend'' ; to bring our men, as 
many as conveniently we can, ashore, and there to 
relieve ihem with fresh victuals, and to supply such 
other their wants as we can ; and upon the hearing 
or discover)* of the Spanish fleet, we shall be able, 

' All this is quite incompatible with the sickness being dysen- 
tery, as has been very commonly alleged. 
" Where- ^ Gore-End. 



SPANISH ARMADA 141 

with the help of soldiers ' from the shore, for to be 
ready within a day for the service. And therefore, 
we are to pray your Lordships that Mr. Quarles 
may be sent down with all speed unto us, with that 
money that should have prepared the next victual- 
Hng, therewith to provide fresh victuals upon the 
shore for the relieving of those men ; and so we will 
spare these victuals which we have aboard. 

My Lords, we do not see, amongst us all, by 
what other means to continue this service ; for the 
loss of mariners will be so great as neither the 
realm shall be able to help it, and it will be greater 
offence' unto us than the enemy was able to lay 
upon us ; and will be in very short time answerable 
to their loss, besides the unfurnishing of the realm 
of such needful and most necessary men in a 
commonwealth, 1 know your Lordships will ac- 
quaint her Majesty with this great cause, which I 
leave unto your Lordships' honourable wisdoms to 
consider of. 

My Lords, I must deliver unto your Lordships 
the great discontentments of men here, which I and 
[he rest do perceive to be amongst them, who well 
hoped, after this so good service, to have received 
their whole pay, and finding it to come but this 
scantly unto them, it breeds a marvellous alteration 
amongst them ; and therefore I do not see but, of 
present necessity, there must be order sent down for 
the payment of them unto the 25th of August ; 
whereof I leave Sir John Hawkyns to certify the 
Lord Treasurer in more particular from himself. 

The Roebuck is not yet come to the fleet, but, as 
I understand, she is employed by my Lord of Hun- 
tingdon'' in the north service, whereby we are 
disappointed of the powder in her. And so I take 

' MS. souldyoures, ' Offence = injury. 

' President of the Council of the North. 




142 



DEFEAT OF THE 



my leave of your Lordships. From Dover, the 22nd 
of August. 1588. 

Your Lordships' most assured to command. 
C. Howard. 



August 22.— HOWARD TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[coxT. 48. — Signed. Addressed.] 

Sir : — Being about to write unto you of the 
mortality and sickness in our fleet, and divers other 
matters, I received intelligence by this gentleman. 
Sir Edward Norreys, of the return of the Spanish 
fleet. Wherefore, neglecting all things else, I bend 
myself wholly unto such things as chiefly concern 
the service, and refer the particular relation of the 
same advertisements unto himself, praying you, with 
all possible speed, to send down all the shipping and 
mariners from London that you can, and that with 
all speed. Besides, the Roebuck is not yet come, 
whereby we miss that powder and shot in her. 
Therefore 1 pray you that we may have supply of 
all such things, in that greatest quantity you can. 
And so, in greatest haste, I bid you heartily farewell. 
From Dover, the 22nd of August, 1588. 

Your very loving friend, 

C. Howard. 

Post. — Sir, there is here no provision of fire- 
works, nor boats, nor anything else ; for they rely so 
upon my Lord Cobham, that without his warrant 
they will do nothing ; for so Mr. Barrey sent me 
word. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



August 22.— HOWARD TO WALSYNGHAAf. 
[COXT. 43.--Signed, and autograph postscript. Addressed] 

Sir : — The absence of the Roebuck doth hinder 
us wonderfully for lack of the powder in her. Mr. 
Barrey is sick, and there is neither fireworks nor 
boats ready here against any service, if the enemy 
should anchor anywhere. Therefore either my 
Lord Cobham must come down himself, or send 
such as hath authority, to provide us of such 
necessary things for service. We want pitch and 
tar here. It were good that some were sent to 
Sandwich. I pray you send me word the whether 
it was not appointed that a hundred sail of ships 
should be kept and retained in her Majesty's service 
by Sir Francis Drake and Mr. Hawkyns,' when 
they were sent down before me. And 1 bid you 
most heartily farewell. From Dover, the 22nd of 
August, 1588. 

Your loving and assured friend, 

C. Howard. 

Sir, I do assure you I do not see that we are 
yet [arrived ^J here, till they of London come again, 
above 60 sail great and small, and we are very ill 
manned. 1 pray let mariners be sent away with all 
expedition. I would my counsel had taken place, 
that the forces by land had been kept together till 
the full of the moon had been past. 



' 'And Mr. Hawkyns ' added ii 
* Conjecture. 



Howard's own hand. 



DEFEAT OF THE 



Amput 2%.— HOWARD TO WALSVSGHAM. 
(MZT. iC— HologB^ Addrewed :— For her Muesty's a&its.] 

Sir: — Mr. Barrey is dead, and we cannoc learn 
where the pitch and lar is become : nor no man 
now to deal for those things. There must be some ' 
•cnt down from my Lord Cobham.' to uke order 
both for that and the boats that should be occupied ' 
if Sir E. Norreys' advertisements be true, as it is 
yt^ry likely. I am afraid it will be wished the forces 
bad not been so soon dissolved. 

1 do assure you I doubt much that Hare's ad- 
vertisement is not good : for many hath met with 
them since that time that he speaketh of, that they 
should be passed betwixt Orkney and the Faroe 
Isles, 60 leagues a this side them. 

Young North.* that served the Palatine, and hath 
been in the fleet all this time, came yesternight 
hither from Ipswich ; who declareth that there came 
one thither that came from the eastwards, and said 
to divers of the town that, as 1 take it, about the 
1 6th of this present he saw them bear this ways, and 
that they were thwart of Berwick and kept the 
midst of the channel, and that they have but only 
their fori'sail to stem the tide, and sometime lay 
a-hull. If it be true, then did they detract the time 
to come just with the spring. 

' Some person. 

' Barrcv was I. ieutenam -Governor of Dover ; Cobham, Lord 
^Vl^dcn of the Cinque Ports. 

* Occupied ^ employed, made use of. So Luke xix. ij, 
■ Occupy till 1 come.' where the Revised Version has, ' Trade ye 
hctewiih till I fome." 

* Sir Henry North, knighted by Leicester in 1586, youn^r 
(on of Roger, second Ixird North. Ii does not appear what ship 
he had been in. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



145 



Sir, God knoweth what we shall do if we have 
no men. Many of our ships are so weakly manned 
that they have not mariners to weigh their anchors. 
The three ships that are gone to take the Spaniard 
at Newhaven, and the Elizabeth Jonas, that is at 
Chatham, hath weakened our fleet much. Well, 
we must do what we can. I hope in God that he 
will make us strong enough for them, for all men 
are of good courage here. That which will be done 
will be betwixt to-morrow and Wednesday. None of 
your lieutenants be in the ship ; both needed not 
to have gone to London. My Lord Cobham's 
presence would do well here. That which must be 
done must be with speed. So fare you well. In 
haste, the 23rd of August. 

Your assured loving friend, 

C. Howard. 



August 21.— SEYMOUR TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[eciv. 45, — Holograph. Addressed.] 

Sir : — According to my leisure, 1 recommend 
these few lines, to the end you may think I am not 
altogether forgetful of that which may concern me 
and my services. 

As I have written unto you lately, my Lord 
Admiral now returned, I am subject to his orders 
and directions so long as he is in place ; and, as I 
perceive, his intention is to divide his company into 
two parts, whereof he wished me to take the road of 
Margate or Gorend, and himself the Downs or 
Dover : which, il it be so, I desire to be called 
home, for 1 never loved to be penned or moored in 
roads. But so long as there is an expectation of 
the Spaniards to return. I would not have the 

VOL. It. L 



146 



DEFEAT OF THE 



thought once to return before some better services 
be ;ircomplish(;cl ; which I hardly doubl will fall out 
to such advantage as we had at our last bickerings. 

1 Knd my Lord and his company divided in 
manner to factions, which I would wish otherwise ; 
neither doth it appertain unto me to meddle much 
therein, or otherwise to advertise, so long as his 
Lordship is accountable for all. 

I received direction from Sir Francis Drake and 
Sir John Hawkyns for the discharge of some of our 
navy, by order, as it should seem, of better 
authority ; which were discharged, to the number of 
some needless vessels, and yet had made stay of 
Mr. Thomas Knyvet's company, according to your 
last direction : and withal, by good hap, upon these 
last intelligences of the Spaniards, have made stay 
of the rest. I am hastened by the Lord Admiral to 
repair with him to his lodging where he hath been 
these two days, whereby 1 find myself altered from 
my former courses by continuing a-seaboard. And 
even so do commit you to God. From Dover, this 
a^rd of August, 1588. 

Your loving friend to command, 
H. Seymour. 



August 21,— DRAKE TO WALSYNGHAM. 

[eoxT. 46.~Signcd, and autograph postscript Addressed, In 
very bad condition ; much torn, and almost illegible from 
dani|>,] 

Right Honourable: — The uncertainty of the 
reports which daily come unto us out of Calais, 
Dunkirk, Ostend. Flushing, from my Lord of Hun- 
tingdon, Scotland, and such ships and pinnaces 
which have been sent out for discovery by my Lord 
Admiral, make me rather to rest upon mine own 



SPANISH ARMADA 147 

conjecture than upon any of them, they disagreeing 
so much as they do ; the one affirming that the 
Duke of Sidonia, with his fleet, is coming back again, 
that the Duke of Parma is marching presently to 
embark to be conducted by him ; the other affirm- 
ing that it is for certain that the Heet of Spain is 
past without Scotland for their way homewards. 
Which reports are quite contrary. 

My poor opinion is, that if their fleet chance to 
return, it is altogether for that the wind will not 
permit them good passage to go about the other way 
at this time of the year, because it is most subject tc 
westerly winds. This wind that now bloweth, if it 
be not more easterly there than it is here, could 
hardly permit such a fleet, for that they shall feel a 
great wind, for to set sail to pass on the back side [of] 
Scotland and Ireland, which may be the cause that of 
necessity they must be forced this way for Spain, 

Farther, my judgment [is] that the Duke of 
Sidonia, [with] his fleet, shall [needs] jump with fair 
weather, the highest of a spring, [with] good wind, 
and the Duke of Parma embarking all In one day. 
This were very meet for them : for if any one of these 
fail them, they shall never perform as much as they 
have promised to the King, their master. My 
reason is this. The most part of the ships of the 
Duke of Parma are small, and, being pestered with 
men of war,' must of necessity have fair weather ; and 
— as I am credibly given to understand — they must 
have a spring to bring their shipping both out of 
Dunkirk, Nieuport, and Sluys. 

Now, for the Duke of Medina his fleet, there is 
[no] harbour for them upon that coast, so that to 
stir it requireth fair weather ; which, when it happen 
that we should find them there, he is like, God will- 
ing, to have unquiet rest And yet, with my consent, 
' Sc. soldiers. 



148 



DEFEA T OF THE 



we ought much more to have regard unto the Duke 
of Parma and his soldiers than to the Duke of 
Sidonia and his ships, for that our sands will take a 
strong party with us against his great ships, under 
water. My poor opinion is that the Duke of Parma 
should be vigilantly looked upon for these 20 days, 
although the army of Spain return not this way ; for 
of them I have no great doubt, although there be 
great cause for us all to watch carefully and defend ' 
mightily those many and proud enemies which seek 
to supplant the most honourable crown of England 
from our most gracious Sovereign, whom God de- 
fend, as he hath most graciously done for his great 
mercy's sake, 

I would advertise your Honour of some defects 
in her Majesty's army, but that my very good Lord, 
the Lord Admiral, hath written unto your Honour 
thereof at large. 

This is my poor opinion of her Majesty's [army], 
that the [threatening] of the enemy will put a great 
part of [their] weakness from her Majesty's good 
subjects, and no doubt but they will fight valiantly. 
Although I [find] my Lord Admiral well affected, 
when fair weather [is], to go for the coast of Flanders, 
yet I would your Honour should animate us for- 
ward ; for there are many causes that might move 
us to be there more than we are, and much better 
for us, and better service. Thus humbly taking 
my leave of your Honour, I rest, desiring God to 
give us all grace to live in his fear, so shall we not 
need greatly to fear the enemy. From aboard her 
Majesty's very good ship the Revenge, this 23rd of 
August, 1588. 

Your Honour's most willing to be commanded, 
Fra. Drake. 



' Fend off, repel. 



SPANISH ARMADA 149 

I have sent to your Honour a copy, Englished, 
out of a letter ' sent from Don Pedro de Valdes to the 
[King his master], which doth deliver the time ot 
their victualling, and of some discontentment which 
was between the Duke and him. 

Let me humbly beseech your Honour that we 
may be put in mind here that it were good we saw 
the coast of Flanders as often as we might.- I think 
it one of the best services we can have in hand. It 
must be known I have written thus much to your 
Honour. God bless us all, and give us grace to 
fear his justice. 

I crave pardon. I have no time to read that 
which I have caused to be written. 

Your Honour's faithfully, 

Fra. Drake. 



August 2/^— EDWARD WYNTER TO 
WALSYNGHAM. 

[ccxT. 47, — Signed Addressed.] 

Sir : — Although I assure myself you are daily 
remembered by many others of the best sort amongst 
us, which write unto you of such things as happen 
worthy your notice, yet I thought it the least part of 
duty 1 can perform, honouring you unfeignedly, as 
you have ever given me cause, to acquaint you with 
such intelligences as this day hath for most certain 
been brought to my Lord Admiral ; and the rather, 
because, in his Lordship's cabin, myself had long 
discourse with the party that brought them, whom, 

' This must be the letter ante, p. 133, but there is no word 
of their victualHng in il. 

* It will ije noticed that Drake's opinion on this point is very 
different from that of Seymour and Wynter. Cf. vol. i. pp, 331, 
333- 



ISO 



DEFEAT OF THE 



being a mariner, I found to be of good judgment 
and discretion. 

This day, being the 24th of August, in the 
morning, he came from a village about a mile or two 
from Dunkirk, and came aboard my Lord Admiral 
about three or four in the afternoon, where this 
news he brings for certain. 

First, that the Duke of Parma is retired in some 
haste with certain troops of horse from Bruges, up 
into Brabant, as high as Brussels, fearing, as it was 
thought, some sudden revolt. He hath commanded 
such victuals as were aboard his fleet in Dunkirk to 
be unshipped, which they are now performing ; and 
already they have taken from many ships the sails from 
their yards. His mariners run away daily, many of 
whom he hath caught again and imprisoned sharply. 
They are all generally ill affected towards this service. 

Great dissension of late grown between the 
Spaniards and Walloons, the Spaniards bitterly 
railing against the Duke of Parma, and that very — v 
publicly. Divers of them would have retired them- 
selves into Gravelines, but none could be suffered to 
enter there. The Walloons, they demand for their 
pay very rudely. They are answered, it is brought 
them in the Spanish fleet, which they find now 
(although before they were persuaded otherwise) is 
retired and fearfully ' fled. All such artillery as was 
left in the galleass driven ashore at Calais, by the 
consent of Mons. Gourdan, governor there, is taken 
out of her and sent to Dunkirk, where it now remains. 

Young Norreys, that was sent after the enemy's 
fleet to discover which way they meant to take 
their course, brings certain news that he left them 
to the westwards of the Islands of Otkney, which is 
their course directly for Spain. Gfijiij^toc so happy 
and prosperous b^^inning^ ^- IpTiSii* «n tinfi^-tv 



SPANISH ARMADA 



'5' 



prosecuted as may redound to his glory, and the 
honour and welfare of our country. 

Now, Sir, for mine own particular, if it please you 
to know thus much. In hope that the Spanish fleet 
would ere this have returned, I have enforced my- 
self to endure the seas, which (by reason of my late 
sickness) I find doth in no sort agree with me ; and 
therefore, because I am out of all hope now to see 
this year any service by sea, my humblest desire is, 
seeing I am resolved to follow the wars, that it 
would vouchsafe your Honour to be mindful of me 
if there happen any occasion that forces either of 
foot or horse should be employed. To be plain, 
Sir, 1 protest unto you my two journeys, the one to 
the Indies,' the other to the Low Countries, have 
already so dearly cost me as I would be loth, upon 
my own charge, absolutely to enter into the like ; 
and therefore do desire instantly to be advised by 
you what course to follow. I have nothing else to 
write but that I am ready to obey you with all duty 
and true inward affection in whatsoever service it 
shall best please you to employ me ; and do beseech 
God to make you ever happy, and yourself. Sir, to 
continue me in your honourable favour. Dover, the 
[2]4th' of August. 

Your Honour's humbly at command, 

Edw. Wvnter. 



August 2^—TRENCHARD AND HAWLEY 
TO THE COUNCIL. 

[ccxT. 49. — Signed. Addressed.] 

Our duty most humbly done &c. : — Your Lord- 
ships' letters of the 27th of the last, touching the 

' With Drake in 1585, when he was captain of the Aid. 

* The 'a' is omitted in the MS. ; but see an/i', p. 150, line 2. 




'52 



DEFEAT OF THE 



Spanish carrack, we received the 2gth of the 
and therein have performed your commandment in 
as much as in us lay. having ever sithence attended 
that service, as greatly delayed by reason of the far 
distance of the ship in the bay from this town, and 
by high winds. What therein we have found, and 
what order have taken, by these enclosed shall 
appear ; thinking it also some part of our duties not 
to conceal from your Lordships the notable spoils 
that were made upon the ship, which came to Port- 
land road seven days before our dealing therein ; 
and much more had been, if happily the Lord 
Admiral had not sent Mr. Warner, a servant of his, 
before our coming, to take some care thereof; the 
disorder growing so far, as we could very hardly 
repress it ourselves, the great repair from all places 
being such. 

The bolting' out of particularities we do refer 
to your Lordships' further order, for our commission 
reacheth not thereunto ; except peradventure it may 
appertain to the duty of mine '' office, the deputy vice- 
admiral. Howbeit, if the fight had not been at that 
instant upon the coast of Purbeck. that ship had 
been better and sooner looked into. We have also, 
by virtue of the Lord Treasurer's letters of the 
ninth of this piesent/ delivered to the mayor and 
others of this port such ordnance as in these inden- 
tures are specified ; so that now it resteth only in 
your Lordships to set down your further pleasures 
for the disposition of what remaineth. Four other 
iron pieces, as minion and falcon, are left out of this 
indenture, as having no direction for the same. 

The carrack is so great as that she cannot be 
brought into this haven, and therefore we do attend 
your Lordships' direction what shall be done with 



Bolting =3 sifting. 
See aittt, p. 86. 



' Hawley, See vol. i. p. 334. 



her. She is much ' splitted, torn, and the charge 
will be great in keeping her here, for we are forced 
to keep therein ten persons continually to pump her 
for fear of sinking. Surely, in the stealing of her 
ropes and casks from her, and rotting and spoiling 
of sails and cables &c., the disorder was very great. 
It is credibly thought that there were in her 200 
Venetian barrels of powder of some 120' weight 
apiece, and yet but 141 were sent to the Lord 
Admiral. This very night some inkling came unto 
us that a chest of great weight should be found in 
the forepeak of the ship the Friday before our 
dealing. Of what credit it may be. as yet we know 
not ; but do determine to examine the matter, and 
to send for the party that hath reported it. All 
search hath been made sithence our coming, but no 
treasure can be found, and yet we have removed 
some part of the ballast. We find here no Spaniards 
of any account, but only one who callelh himself Don 
Melchor de Pereda,^ and nine others of the common 
sort ; two Frenchmen, four Almalns,^ and one Almain 
woman ; and since their landing here, twelve more 
are dead. We humbly beseech your Lordships to 
give some speedy direction what shall be done with 
them, for that they are here diseased, naked, and 
chargeable. 

The charges necessarily disbursed for the per- 
forming and discharging of this ship, her ordnance 
and loading, hath been so great, and so diversely 
disbursed, and yet untevied, as we cannot presently 
particularise the same, but do think it will extend 
well near to 200/., as by the accounts thereof, by the 

' MS. mich. * Sc. pounds. 

* No one of the name is meniioned by Dure. There are 
several named Parcdes, but with different Christian names. The 
nearest to it is Melchor Perez, of the Sicilian regiment (ii. 84). 

* Germans, 



1 



1 54 



DEFEAT OF THE 



next messenger, shall to your Lordships particu- 
larly appear. And so we humbly take our leaves. 
Weymouth, this 24th of August, 1588. 

Your Lordships* humbly to command, 

George Trenchard. 

Fra. Hawley. 



August 2^.^1NVENT0RY OF THE SAN 
SAL VADOR. 

[oexv. 48, L — Endorsed : — An indenture of the munitions in the 
Spanish carrack brought 10 Weymouth.] 

Goods unladen at the said port out of the great 
carrack, viz. : — 

Weymouth and Melcombe Regis. 



Imprimis, of brass ordnance 


14 


Item, of iron pieces .... 
„ of barrels of powder 
„ of shot: cannon, demi-cannon, 

and culverin . . .2 
„ of musket shot, firkins . 
„ of harquebus-a-crock ' 


4 
132 

246 
6 
6 


Whereof sent to the Lord Admiral 
from his Lordship, viz. :— 


by warrant 


Of brass ordnance .... 

Item, of powder .... 

„ of shot : cannon, demi-cannon, 

and culverin . . .2 
„ of musket shot 

of harquebus-a-crock 


6 pieces 
132 barrels 

,246 

6 firkins 
6 



' Crock, akin to crutch, a stake, with a head Ulte a boat's 
crutch. It was driven into the ground and so formed a rest from 
which the harquebus was fired. It could scarcely have been used 
on shipboard, in that form, but may have been modified. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



155 



And so remainining in safe custody in this 
place, viz. : — 

Brass ordnance 8 

Iron pieces, minions, old pieces . . 4 
Old fowlers. ..... 2 

[OOXT. 49, n.— Endorsed : — Inventory of the goods contained in 
the Spanish ship brought in at Portland.] 

The inventory indented of the burnt Spanish 
ship called Le San Salvador, Almirante de Oquendo, 
tt^ether with her apparel, munition, and loading, 
which arrived in the road of Portland the 24th of 
July, 1588 ; priced and valued the 24th day of 
August, 1588, by Hugh Rendoll, Bernard Major, 
William Pit. John Pitt, Richard Belpytt, merchants, 
and Roger Guyer, mariner, by virtue of their cor- 
poral oaths in that behalf taken, as followeth, viz. : — 

^ '■ ^ 
Imprimis, the hull, Biscayan built, 

by estimation of the burden of 

600 ' tons, being by fire blown 

up and spoiled, riding in the 

road ; having a mainmast, fore- 
mast, bowsprit, and mizen, with 

the foreyard, and shrouds for the 

two greater masts ; two old junks, 

two other junks somewhat better ; 

two anchors and cables which she 

rides by ; four anchors more, 

whereof the one Ues in the road 

of Portland ; a maintopsail, a 

course, foretopsail, sprltsail, and 

one other new main course ; all 

worth by their estimation . . 200 o o 

Item, 6 pipes of wine valued at . . 30 o o 

,, 22 pipes of wine valued at . . 55 o o 

' She appears in the Spanish lists as of 958 (Duto, ij. 63). 



156 



DEFEAT OF THE 



Item, 25 pipes of wine valued at . 

67 empty casks at 3^. per piece 

3 pipes beef, bad ; the cask ' 

1 pipe beans 

2 barrels vinegar 

4 pieces lead, by estimation 4 
cwt., [at] 6j. M. . 



25 o 
10 o 
o 6 
o 10 



Brass ordnance. 



2 pieces. 



culverin and demi- 



■culvenn 



1 cannon pedro ^ . 
I other of the same 
I other of the same 
I other of the same 



I cannon 

1 other cannon 



23 '» 

25 72 

52 22 

53 29 
28 » 66 

Sum, 8 pieces of brass, by the Spanish 
mark, 252 cwL 2 qrs. 13 lbs. 

£ s. d. 

The which, with their old carriages, 

do value at . . . , . 505 o o 
Item, 3 old carriages like the other . 100 

I old fowler and a bad sling . 200 

4 minions of iron, with their car- 
riages . . , . .1368 
108 cannon shot of Iron, one with 

the other at 6j. %d. the cwt. . 1234 
14 CWL match, at 9^-. ^d. per cwt. 613 o 
4 gins, as we judge, to draw 

ordnance . . . . 168 



Sum total 864 5 8 

' Noled in margin :— 'Mr Quarles.' ' MS. petrill. 

' Apparently the dt-mi -culverin in the first item, 

* The addition should be 251 cwL i qrs. 19 lbs,, at too llis. to 

the cwt. Noted in the margin : — ' To be brought up for the 

furnishing of her Majesty's ships.' 



SPANISH ARMADA 



[eeiT. 4B, in.— Endorsed :— The rest of the goods valued by the 
Commissioners.] 

The note of the rest of the munition, goods and 
merchandise, belonging to the burnt ship aforesaid, 
not valued by the praisers aforesaid, by reason it 
never came to their view, but esteemed by us as 
followeth, viz. : — 

i. >. d. 
Imprimis, sent to the fleet the 26th 

of July, 15SS. by a bark of Dart- 
mouth appertaining to one Norris, 

at the appointment of Captain 

Flemyng, by direction from the 

Lord Admiral, before the date of 

your Lordships' letters dated the 

27th of July, anno predict., 100 

Venetian barrels of powder, worth 

by our estimation .... 500 o o 
Item, sent to the fleet in the bark 

aforesaid, of cannon, demi-cannon 

and culverin shot, of iron, 2,000 

shot, worth 200 o o 

Item, sent to the fleet at the same 

time, in Captain Flemyng his pin- 
nace, 40 Venetian barrels powder, 

worth ...... 200 o o 

Item, sent them one ton of match . 6134 

Delivered the last day of July, by our order, to 
John Somers of Lyme, by virtue of a warrant from 
my Lord Admiral, as followeth, viz. : — 

I s. d. 

2 cannons, with their carriages' . 200 o o 

4 culverins, with their carriages' . 270 O o 

173 cannon pedro shot, worth . . 16 6 S 

' Noted in margin ; — ' Letters to Sir W. Wyntet to take 
charge.' 



■58 



DEFEAT OF THE 





I ^ 


Z 


99 ciJverin shot, worth . . 6 13 


4 


3 cross-bar shot, worth 


I 





8 barreU of musket shot . 






6 harquebusses-a-crock, iron 


3 







5 





1 Milan corslet .... 


10 





2 little pairs of iron-bound wheels 


1 6 


8 


Sumtna totalis 


1,411 





George Trexchaxd. 




1 Fra. Hawle\-. 





Auguit z%.— HOWARD TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[mxt. 54. — Signed, and autograph poetscnpt Addressed.] 

Sir : — Since I had made up my other letter, 
there came a Scottish gentleman in a passenger out 
of France unto me, and another Scottish man that 
hath served in the Duke of Parma his camp, which 
I send by this bearer, Mr. Cely, unto you, by 
whom you may find many things if he be well sifted. 
And so 1 bid you heartily farewell. From aboard 
her Majesty's good ship the Ark, the 25ih of 
August, 1588. Your very loving friend, 

C. Howard. 

Sir, the gentleman, I think, came out of France. 
You shall hear much of the poor Scottish man, if 
you will examine him well. 1 pray you let him be 
well used. I have sent a good many of ancients ' 

' Ensigns, These were probably the flags which were displayed 
nt St. Paul's Cross on Sept. 8, at a sermon of thanksgiving, when 
' there was openly showed eleven ensigns, being the banners taken 
in the Spanish navy, and particularly one streamer wherein was an 
itnnge of our Lady with her Son in her arms, which was held in a 
man's hand over the pulpit. The same banners the next day were 



SPANISH ARMADA 



159 



and banners by this bearer, Thomas Cely ; but 
Sir, they must be returned when they have been 
used ; they may be kept till I do come home. 



August 26.^H0WAKD TO WALSYNGHAM. 

[coxT. 55. — Signed, and autograph postscript. The second post- 
script is in the same writing as ttie body of the letter. 
Addressed.] 

Sir ; — I have received your letter of the 24th of 
August, touching the beer that was brewed at Sand- 
wich. Mr. Darell hath been with me here, whom 
I have dealt withal ; and I perceive it hath been 
refused, and upon that there were some appointed 
to taste it, and so found it to be sour, and yet he 
that hath the delivering of it ' — and so sailh Mr. 
Darell too — that at the first it was good. But by 
like there was some great fault in the brewer, 
that within one month and less it would be sour ; 
and I perceive by Mr. Darell that the brewer 
excuseth it by the want of hops. But, Sir. the 
mariners who have a conceit (and I think it true, 
and so do all the captains here) that sour drink hath 
been a great cause of this infection amongst us ; 
and, Sir, for my own part I know not which way to 
deal with the mariners to make them rest contented 
with sour beer, for nothing doth displease them 
more. There hath been heretofore brewed for the 
navy, here at Dover, as good beer as was brewed 
in London. This service being in the Narrow 
Seas, and likely to continue, so long as we have to 

hanged on London Bridge towards Southwark' (Nichols' Pro- 
gressfS and I^ilic Processions 0/ Quten Elizafiefh, eA\l. 1833, Ji. 537). 
TTiey were presumably given back to Howard, in accordance with 
his request, but have long since disappeared. 
' Sc. affirmeth. 



i6o DEFEAT OF THE 

do with the Low Countries, of necessity the ; 
ling must be here at Dover, as it hath been in times 
past ; for being at London, it may fall out so as it 
may be a great hindrance unto her Majesty's service 
and the realm's. 

Sir, I have caused Mr, Darell to make trial of 
brewing here at Dover, in her Majesty's own offices 
at the Messendewe,' and I doubt not but it will fall 
out very well for the purpose. Mr. Darell makes 
trial to brew the sour beer which came out of the 
west country again, and so to mix it with other new 
beer, which I hope will do well. 

Sir, where you write that you would have the 
hoys discharged of their victuals, 1 hope you do not 
doubt but that if the weather had served to have 
taken It in, or any hoy to come near us, but that we 
would have taken in some part of it. And yet, Sir, 
if this service should not continue, the overplus of 
that which shall be taken in would be spoiled. The 
weather hath been such here that all the victuallers 
have been fain to go into the haven. The small 
barks and pinnaces of our fleet, that likewise were 
in the haven, have taken in their victuals ; but else, 
no great ship was able to take in any since I came 
hither, the sea hath gone so high ; but it shall be 
done as conveniently as we may. 

In the last part of your letter you do write that 
I should consider what ships were meet to be 
continued on the Narrow Seas. I do think your 
meaning is only for defending of our seas and 
keeping in of the Dunkirkers, in such sort as is to 

' Maison Dieu. Originaliy a hospital for pilgrims, founded by 
Huljert de Burgh in the reign of John. At the dissolution of the 
monasteries and the wholesale plunder of Church property, it was 
converted into Government storehouses, victualling offices and 
brewery, and so continued till the present century, when — about 
t834— it was bought by the Corporation and reconverted and re- 
stored into the Town Hall. 



SPANISH AJiMADA 



161 



; continued all the winter. We have considered 
of it, and we think that until Michaelmas there 
would ' some reasonable strength be continued ; 
and after that time it may be lessened. And for 
that ships will grow foul and unsavoury, we ha\e 
divided such ships as are most serviceable for the 
Narrow Seas into two parts, that the one company 
may be always ready when the other shall come in. 
I send you herein enclosed a breviate both of the 
ships that shall first serve, and also of the second. 
Sir, I pray you acquaint my Lord Treasurer here- 
with, and pray him to bear with me that I write not 
unto him ; for I assure you I am so troubled with 
business that I have scarce leisure to write unto you 
at all. And so I bid you heartily farewell. From 
aboard her Majesty's good ship the Ark, the 26th of 
August, 1588. Your very loving friend, 

C. Howard. 



Sir, It doth grieve me wonderfully to hear of 
my Lord Chamberlain's ^ sickness. I trust in the 
Almighty God that he shall recover. If he do, I 
pray let me have knowledge from you, or else I do 
not desire to hear anything. I know nothing, but 
my Lord Treasurer did write in a postscript this. I 
fear my Lord Chamberlain's sickness. God send 
him health, and that her Majesty and the realm do 
not lose in this time so good a servant. 

Post. — Even as I had done this my letter, I had 
meant to have borne over to the other side ; but it 
is grown so foggy upon the sudden that now I am 
determined to stay for fair weather. 



162 DEFEAT OF THE 

[ooxv. 68.— In Howard's autograph. Much torn. Imperfect. 
Endorsed : — A note of the ships appointed to remain under 
ihe charge of Sir Henry Palmer and Sir Martin Frobiser for 
the guard of the Narrow Seas.] 

Sir : — I do send you this, whereby you shall 
perceive what ships we do think meet to be con- 
tinued in the Narrow Seas all this winter, and in 
what manner both for the ease of the ships, as also 
the captains and mariners, for this course must be 
kept, or else it would worry all men to continue still. 

These to begin, and to continue two months 
under the charge of Sir Henry Palmer : — 

Men. 



Vanguard 








[330] 


Rainbow 








230 


Tiger . 








So 


Bull . 








80 


Tramontana 








70 


Achates . 








60 


Sun 








24 


Moon 








40 



814 

These to [begin] when the [other] is ended, 
[and] be under [the] charge [of Sir] Ma [Frobiser]; 

Men. 

The Antelope . . . .150 

{The rest is torn away."] 



August 26.— HAWK YNS TO BURGHLEY. 

[coxT.66.--Signed, with an autc^raph postscript by Lord Howard. 
Addressed.] 

Right Honourable mine especial good Lord : — 
This day my Lord Admiral called Sir William 
Wynter and me aboard his Lordship's ship, and 



SPANISH ARMADA 



■63 



showed unto us your Lordship's letter of the 24th 
of August, whereby your Lordship required to be 
advertised what numbers of mariners and soldiers 
there were in the ships that are here with my Lord. 

Since I came down, the weather hath been such 
as our fleet hath been divided, part in Dover road 
and part at Margate and Gorend; and never could 
come either of us to other, and those at the Margate 
can hardly row ashore, or get aboard when they 
were ashore. 

Sir Francis Drake and I discharged and sent 
away many of the western and coast ships, before 
my Lord came down ; which, upon some news that 
Sir Edward Norreys brought, my Lord was some- 
what displeased and misliked it. 

I am not able to send your Lordship a better 
particular of the numbers that are and were in her 
Majesty's certain pay than that which I sent from 
Plymouth, wherein was demanded about 1 9 thousand 
pound to bring the pay to the 28th of July ; wherein 
there was no conducts demanded, for that no 
discharge was then thought of; neither was there 
any ships of the coast spoken of or voluntary ships 
but those of Sir Richard Grcynvile and those taken 
into service by Sir Francis Drake then over and 
above his warrant, yet by order from the Council, 
as Sir Richard Greynvile and he hath to show. 

Your Lordship may think that by death, by dis- 
charging of sick men, and such like, that there may 
be spared something in the general pay. First, 
those that die, their friends require their pay. (n 
place of those which are discharged sick and in- 
sufticient, which indeed are many, there are fresh 
men taken, which breedeth a far greater charge, by 
means of their conduct in discharge, which exceedeth 
the wages of these which were lastly taken in, and 
more lost by that than saved. We do pay by the 




1 64 



DEFEAT OF THE 



poll and by a check book, whereby if anything be 
spared, it is to her Majesty's benefit only. The 
ships I have paid, of those which were under Sir 
Francis Drake's charge, I find full furnished with 
men. and many above their numbers. 

Those ships that are under my Lord Seymour. 
Sir William Wynter doth assure my Lord they have 
their full numbers. Beside there were sent aboard 
500 soldiers, by Sir John Norreys and others; 
which stood them In litUe stead, for that ihcy were 
imperfect men ; but they kept them not above 8 days. 
The weather coiitlnueth so extreme and the tides 
come so swift that we cannot get any victuals aboard 
but with trouble and difficulty, nor go from ship to 
ship. But as weather will serve, and time, to gather 
better notes,' your Lordship shall be more par- 
ticularly informed of all things. 

We think the conducts in discharge, with the 
double conducts, cannot grow to less than 2,500/. ; 
and so I humbly take my leave From the Ark 
Ralegh, in Dover road, the 26th of August, 15S8. 
Your good Lordship's humbly to command, 

JoiiN Hawkyns. 

There is a month's wages grown since the 28th 
of July, and ended the 25th of August, and so 
groweth daily till the discharge be concluded ; there- 
fore It were good your Lordship consider of it.'^ 

My good Lord, this is as much as is possible for 
Mr. Hawkyns to do at this time. There is here In 
our Heet many lieutenants and corporals, which of 
necessity we were and are driven to have. Your 
Lordship knoweth well how services be far from that 
they were, and [I] assure your Lordship of necessity 

' MS. nottes. 

' This first postscript is in the same writing as the letter. 
The next is in Howard's autograph. 



SPANISH ARMADA 165 

it must be so. God knoweth how they should be 
paid, except her Majesty have some consideration 
on them. The matter, it is not great in respect of 
the service. I think 500/., with the help of my own 
purse,^ will do it ; but howsoever it fall out I must 
see them paid, and will ; for I do not look to end 
with this service, and therefore 1 must be followed 
hereafter. My good Lord, look but what the 
officers had with Sir Francis Drake, having but 4 
of her Majesty's ships. I do not desire half so 
much for all this great fleet. 

My good Lord, it grieveth me much to hear of 
my Lord Chamberlain's sickness. The Almighty 
God help him. The Queen's Majesty and the realm 
should have as great a loss as of any one man that I 
do know. God send the next news to be of his 
amendment. God send you health, my good Lord. 

Your Lordship's most assured to command, 
C. Howard. 



August 27.— BOROUGH TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[ccxv. 67.— Signed. Addressed.] 

After my duty unto your Honour always duly 
considered : — I have received your Honour's letter 
by this messenger, whereby 1 understand her 
Majesty's pleasure touching the discharge of most 
part of the navy, and that I should stay the sending 
of those ships &c., now at Chatham, which came in 
to be graved. May it please your Honour, I was 
yesterday at the Court, in the afternoon, at what 
time your Honour was with my Lord Treasurer at 
his Lordship's chamber, sitting, as it was told me, 
upon a commission. I was then in the outer 
chamber when your Honour came forth, and staid 
' MS. pourse. 



l66 



DEFEAT OF THE 



till my Lord came out. I showed my Lord that 
my coming was to know his Lordship's pleasure, 
whether I might not go down to Chatham, for the 
despatch of those ships to the seas that were there, 
and othei business needful. His Lordship answered 
me that it was resolved that the most of the navy 
should be discharged and come in, saving a few that 
should remain at the seas under charge of Sir 
Henry Palmer, and therefore willed me to have 
care to husband things as well as I could. I could 
have no more words with his Lordship ; he went 
straight to the Queen. 

I then repaired to your Honour's chamber, to 
the end to have had some further speeches with 
your Honour therein. But then the show of horse- 
men began to appear, and your Honour was 
accompanied with divers of great honour, which 
were then in your chamber to see the sight. Being 
therefore out of hope to speak with your Honour in 
long time, I came thence, and straight sent order to 
Chatham to stay the Elizabeth Jonas and such 
other vessels as are there ; and likewise to stay 
such other provisions as were, by order of my Lord 
Admiral, appointed in haste to be sent to the seas 
for the fleet 

Now that I have received your Honour's order, 
I purpose, in the morning, to go down to Chatham, 
but will return as speedily as I may. and will take 
order both here and there for saving such superfluous 
charges as her Majesty should sustain by sending 
provisions (now needless) that were appointed to 
be carried to the fleet, now at sea. And so I 
humbly take my leave, committing your Honour to 
the protection of the Almighty. From Deptford, 
the 27lh of August. 1588. 

Your Honour's at command most humbly. 

W. Borough. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



August 27.— HOWARD TO WALSVNGHAM.^ 

[ecXT. 89. — Holograph. Addressed. Endorsed, in Burghley's 
hand ; — Lord Admiral, by Sir Francis Drake. 

Sir : — Upon ' your letter, I sent presently for Sir 
Francis Drake, and showed him the desire that her 
Majesty had for the intercepting of the King's 
treasure from the Indies.' And so we considered of 
it ; and neither of us finding any ships here in the 
fleet any ways able to go such a voyage before they 
have been aground, which cannot be done in any 
place but at Chatham ; and now that this spring is 
so far past, it will be 14 days before they can 
be grounded. And where you write that I should 
make nobody acquainted with it but Sir Francis 
Drake — it is very strange to me that anybody can 
think that if it were that [some] of the smallest 
barks were to be sent out, but that the officers must 
know it ; for this is not as if a man would send but 
over to the coast of France, I do assure you. 

Sir Francis Drake, who is a man of judgment 
and best acquainted with it, will tell you what must 
be done for such a journey. Belike it is thought 
the islands be but hereby ; it is not thought how 
the year is spent. I thought it good, therefore, to 
send with all speed Sir Francis, although he be not 
very well, to inform you rightly of all, and look 
what shall be there thought meet. I will do my 
endeavour with all the power I may ; for I protest 
before God, I would give all that I have that it * 
were met withal ; for that blow, after this he hath, 
would make him safe. 

Sir, for Sir Thomas Morgan ' and the discharging 



' MS. Apone. = MS, Irdi; 
• Sending Morgan and his 8c 
ante, pp. 31, 65, 84. 



s. * The King's treasure. 
) shot back lo Flushing. See 



i68 



DEFEAT OF THE 



of ships, I will deal withal when the spring is past; 
but before, I dare not venture. For them of 
London, I do not hear of them yet, but those thai 
be with my cousin Knyvet. 

Sir, I send you here enclosed a note of the 
money that Sir Francis Drake had aboard Don 
Pedro. I did take now, at my coming down, 3,000 
pistolets, as I told you I would ; for. by J esus. I had 
not 3/. besides in the world, and had not anything 
could get money in London ; and I do assure you 
my plate was gone before. But I will repay it 
within 10 days after my coming home. I pray you 
let her Majesty know so. And by the Lord God of 
Heaven, I had not one crown more ; and had it not 
been mere necessity, I would not have touched 
one ; but if I had not some to have bestowed upon 
some poor and miserable men, I should have wished 
myself out of the world. Sir, let me not live longer 
than I shall be most willing to all service, and to 
take any pains I can for her Majesty's service, i 
think Sir Francis Drake will say 1 have little rest 
day or night. The Ark, in Dover road, the 27th 
of August Your most assured, 

C. Howard. 

August 2-}. — TREASURE IN THE N. S. DEL 

ROSA RIO. 

[00X7. 69, I.— Signed. The body of the document is in Drake's 

wriling. Enclosure in Howard's letter of [he same date.] 



25-300 

This I confess to have. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



169 



Carried aboard to my Lord Admiral, by his Lord- 
ship's commandment, the 23rd of August 1 588, 
three thousand pistolets. Fra. Drake. 

C. Howard. 

Taken out of the sum above written, by my 
Lord Admiral's knowledge, three thousand pistolets, 
the 27th of August, 1588. Fra. Drake. 



August 27.— HOWARD TO BURGH LEY, 
[ocxv. 61. — Holograph. Addressed.] 

My honoured good Lord : — I received your letter, 
with the letter from the Earl of Sussex enclosed in 
it, about 5 of the clock in the morning ; and within 
an hour after I received your other letter. I have 
sent the Hope, with Captain Sampson, and 5 other 
ships ; four of them that are under my cousin 
Knyvet's charge. We do all think it very fit' to send 
strong ; for assuredly they of Newhaven will rescue 
them. It were a great shame that the matter should 
be taken in hand and not well gone through, 

1 do also hear that there are certain^ ships riding 
under Beechy. that are laden with Spaniards' goods. 
I have sent one by land to discover them. If they 
be there, they shall be visited when the spring is 
past. They stay there but for a wind to bring them 
through. I must leave the report of all things to 
this bearer," who is acquainted with all. And so my 
good Lord, Sir Francis Drake making great haste, I 
leave with my most hearty commendations to your 



' MS. feet. 

' Drake, as appears in ihe 
receding. 



' MS. sarten. 

ext line, who earned ihis with [he 




I70 



DEFEAT OF THE 



Lordship, whom God long continue with health. 
From aboard the Ark, the 27th of August. 

Your Lordship's most assured to command, 

C. Howard. 



August 2y.— ALDERMAN RADCLYFF^ TO 

WALSYNGHAM. 

[ccxv, 60.— Signed. Addressed. Endorsed.] 

Right Honourable, my humble duty remembered 
&c. : — Upon the last moving of the matter unto your 
Honour by Sir George Barne" and myself, in the 
behalf of our poor house of Bridewell, it then pleased 
your Honour to show favourable liking thereunto. 
Since which time, according to your Honour's com- 
mandment, we have attended,^ to understand your 
Honour's pleasure and the rest of my Lords, 
hoping to have obtained your Honour's warrant for 
the making choice of some 3 or 4 of the Spanish 
prisoners there, who might answer us for the charge 
of the resL During which time of our attendance, 
the chiefest of the said prisoners have been taken 
away by others. 

And forasmuch as the charge of keeping them 
is far more than the said house can bear, I thought 
it my duty once again to put your Honour in mind 
thereof, most humbly praying the continuance of 
your honourable favour herein ; assuring your 
Honour that, if some help be not obtained towards 
their maintenance by this means, we shall be com- 
pelled, in respect of the great poverty of the said 
house, to make a general collection through the city 
for the maintenance of those Spaniards ; which will 

' Sheriff of London in 1585. 

* Sheriff in 1576 ; Lord Mayor and knighted 1586-7, 

» Waited. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



171 



be very unwillingly assented unto by the common sort, 
and we ourselves far more unwilling to do the same, 
if by any means it might be avoided ; which can be 
by no other way than by the obtaining your Honour's 
warrant as aforesaid. The which we do most 
humbly entreat. 

Your Honour's most bounden 

in all duty to command, 

Anthony Radclyff. 



August 2^.— HOWARD TO BURGHLEY. 

[cciv 62,— Holograph. No address nor endorsement, The letter 
fills the four pages of the sheet, and must have been sent in 
a cover, which is wanting.] 



My good Lord : — I have received your letter con- 
cerning a French ship tliat should ' be taken by a 
couple of pinnaces of her Majesty, and your Lord- 
ship hath written that the captain's name of the pin- 
nace is Ware. My Lord, I protest I have inquired 
as much as possible I can. I can hear of no such 
thing, nor of any captain of that name. .And where 
he saith that he '^ gave me notice of the Spanish fleet, 
1 do assure you, on my honour, there was never any 
of any nation, English or other, that I knew anything 
of the discovery of the army,^ but only Thomas 
Fiemyng. Sir Francis Drake is now there. I pray 
let him be asked if he knew of any. The way for 
to know what pinnace and captain did it is for the 
party to come hither and see the pinnaces, for else I 
know not how to do it 

Newhaven men may do what they will. They 
have taken a hoy* of Thomas Gray's, my master, 
' Is said to have been. 

• Apparently the master of the French ship is meant — the 
party referred to eight lines lower down. 

* Supply 'from." * MS. howy. 



172 

and s 



DEFEA T OF THE 



: thither with coals ' ; and \ 



1 stayed her, that went thither witl 
see nothing restored to our men, whatsoever they do. 
But, my Lord, it is great dishonour to her Majesty 
that such a town as Newhaven is, that is not at the 
King's^ commandment, but at the devotion of her 
Majesty's great and villainous enemy, the Duke of 
Guise, should have that favour they have, and our 
men sustain the wrong they do by them. But, my 
Lord, come of it what shall. I will lay rods in water 
for them. I marvel the ambassador^ is not ashamed 
to speak for that town that the King his men cannot 
command. I do assure your Lordship, I will not see 
the seamen thus hardly dealt withal. There is now 
here with me three or four complaints of Newhaven. 
Good my Lord, as we shall and ought before God 
and man to do justice, so for honour and justice to 
our own people, let them have right. For, my Lord, 
when I was in the west I took a pirate, and when 1 
charged him with his piracies, he cursed,* and said he 
had dealt against none but Frenchmen ; and he said 
he was forced'' to it, for he had complained two 
years together of his losses by Frenchmen, and that 
he was appointed at the last to go over into France 
to follow it ; so he and his partner went over. When 
they had put up the complaint to the King, they 
were threatened at the King's back, and the next 
day his fellow, going from Paris to Rouen," was 
killed. This was complained on by the other party 
at the council board at Greenwich,^ and after at Oat- 
lands. He followed the suit long, and saw no good 
would come of it, and therefore sought other remedy. 
The man I knew very well, and remembered his 
suit, and so I am sure your Lordship and Mr. 
Secretary doth, when you shall see him. My Lord, 

' MS. colse. ' King of France. * MS. imbasador. 

* MS. coreed. * MS. forsed. 

* MS. Rone. ' MS. Gryriw7ge. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



assure yourself if men hnve not justice they will be 
pirates. My Lord, it is no answer to a man to say 
the King's case is so that he can do no justice. 
Thanks be to God, her Majesty's case is able to 
make them to do justice. 

My Lord, we have had here a wonderful storm 
these two days, and it continueth still. No man was 
able to come aboard of me for the discharging of 
ships ; so we were fain, with the wind and tide, and 
not without peril, to come to Dover town, to confer 
about the discharge of the ships and the apjwintlng 
of those ships that shall remain in the Narrow Seas 
under the charge of Sir Henry Palmer, which is fit' 
to be something strong for a lime. My Lord, it is 
a wonderful trouble the discharging. Things in this 
service hath grown so intricate with charging and 
discharging ; as at Plymouth, we discharged many 
ships because there was some opinion the Spaniards 
would not come ; ^ within four days after, we heard 
of their arrival on the coast ; then we were fain to 
charge aJl again, and some others. Now here. Sir 
Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkyns discharged 
the day before my coming down hither many ships. 
The next day, Sir E. Norreys brought those adver- 
tisements your Lordship do know. 1 sent presendy 
and stayed as many as I could. I think your Lord- 
ship doth ^ 1 had reason ; but upon advertisements 

' MS. feet. 

* This may be the origin of the story, which the Dutch 
chroniclers got hold of, and Motley {/Hit. of United Netherlands, 
ii. 450) repeated, of the Queen sending Howard orders to pay off 
the four great ships, and of Howard disobeying them at his own 
risk. No such orders were given, or could have been given, for 
the great ships could only be discharged at Chatham. The ships 
to which Howard here refers were some of the smaller merchant 
ships, such as Hawlcyns had now also made haste to discharge. 
Cf. ante, p. 163. 

* MS. dowthe. There seems to be a word wanting, perhaps 
' know." 



174 



DEFEAT OF THE 



that I had from the other side, 1 did discharge, 
the weather would give me leave to speak with 
them. 

I have sent over to Calais crays of this town 
sundry times to bring me advertisements. Yester- 
day one returned from thence. The King's ' bastard 
son, the Duke of Pascaredo.'^ came there yesterday. 
He sent to Monsieur Gourdan to desire that he 
might come thither with 150 horse ; but M. Gour- 
dan desired him to pardon him, but he should come 
with 50 men, and so he did. He had 20 lackeys 
ran by him. There rode hard by his [side^] Don 
Juan Henriquez. They say his errand* is to see the 
galleass, that is utterly rewatted" and sunk in the 
sand, never to be recovered ; and also to speak with 
them at Calais that was within the galleass, and now 
to go into Spain. There came thither yesterday 4 
small flyboats of Dunkirk to carry them away into 
Spain. The weather is so extreme as no man dare 
to venture ^ on that coast, the wind being at the North 
and North-East ; and with that wind may they go 
away. The ships that i had appointed and ready 
yesterday to go towards Newhaven, for the assisting 
of the Aid and the Charles, dare not yet put out of 
the road, the weather is so extreme ; but I hope to- 
morrow morning they will. 

My Lord, we have rid here a bad road, and i am 
assured those ships at Margate worse. God send 
me to hear well of them. 1 have sent three posts to 
know. The ships that I have appointed to remain 
in the Narrow Seas with Sir Henry Palmer are 
these : — ■ 



' King of Spain. 

* So in MS. Rodrigo de Silva, Puke of Pastrana, is meant. 

* Word omitted. ' MS. aram. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



«75 



Men 

The Vanguard . . . .250 


Rainbow . 








. 230 


Foresight 








160 


Aid . 








120 


Tiger 








90 


Tramontana 








. 70 


Achates . 








60 


Sun . , 








25 


Moon 








35 



1,040 

My good Lord, it is good to be something 
strong for a while ; it may be after lessened. Now 
your Lordship may perceive what victual is to be 
used. I have caused all the remain of victuals to be 
laid here and at Sandwich, for the maintaining them 
that shall remain in the Narrow Seas ; but Mr. 
Quarles must help with better beer. This, my good 
Lord, I leave to trouble you for this time ; though your 
Lordship and I must look ever to be gready troubled 
as long as this world is. God send your Lordship 
your health. From Dover, the 28th of August 

Your Lordship's most ready to command, 

C. Howard. 

I thank God I perceive, by a letter of Mr. Secre- 
tary's, that my Lord Chamberlain hath missed a 
fever. God restore him to his health. 



August 2%.— HAWKYNS TO BURGHLEY. 

[ccxv. 63. — Signed. Addressed. Endorsed, in Burghley's auto- 
graph : — Sir John Hawkyns, with answer to my letter for to 
know the state of the Queen's army.] 

My honourable good Lord : — I am sorry I do 
live so long to receive so sharp a letter from your 



176 



DEFEAT OF THE 



Lordship, considering how carefully I take care to 
do all for the best and to ease charge. The ships 
that be in her Majesty's pay, such as 1 have to do 
for, your Lordship hath many particulars of them 
and their numbers ; notwithstanding, I do send your 
Lordship all these again. I had but one day to 
travail in. and then 1 discharged many after the 
rate that I thought my money would reach ; but 
after that day I could hardly row from ship to ship, 
the weather hath been continually so frightful. 

I have six companies that do pay. Here are 
two clerks of Mr. Holstok's, two of Mr. Borough's, 
and Sir William Wynter in person, that helpeth 
what he can. and my brother ' ; and a clerk of the 
check, appointed by the officers to keep and order 
the books of those ships under Sir Francis Drake's 
charge, which I sent for post to Plymouth when I 
arrived at Harwich. I have six of mine own com- 
pany that attend the pay, and so 1 furnish six 
companies ; but now the ships go to Chatham, I do 
stay any payments saving sick men, such of the 
gentlemen that can be spared with their retinues, 
and soldiers : and discharge all the merchant ships 
that were in Sir Francis Drake's number, as near as 
I can. 

Here is victual sufficient, and I know not why 
any should be provided after September, but for 
those which my Lord doth mean to leave in the 
Narrow Seas ; which numbers will be about a 
thousand men, of which also 1 will send to your 
Lordship the names of the ships and their particular 
numbers, and never omit it more, though I may ill 
do it always. I do not meddle with any of the 
ships of London, for my Lord will dischai 
all ; neither do I write your Lordship j 

' Edward Fenton, the husband of hisj 
only one brother in blood, William, ti 



SPANISH ARMADA 177 

the coast ships ; but I am in gathering of a book ' of 
all those that served, and the quality and time of 
their service, as I can overcome it. Your Lordship 
shall see it in the best order I can. Some are dis- 
charged with fair words : some are so miserable and 
needy, that they are holpen with tickets to the 
victuallers for some victual to help them home ; and 
some with a portion of money, such as my Lord 
Admiral will appoint, to relieve their sick men and I 
to relieve some of the needy sort, to avoid exclama- | 
tion.^ The sick men are paid and discharged, that [ 
are in her Majesty's pays ; the soldiers also, for the ' 
most part, we discharge here ; the retinues, some 
have leave to go to London, and are to be paid 
there ; and thus there is left but convenient com- 
panies of mariners and gunners to bring home the 
ships to Chatham. Your Lordship may consider 
by the numbers and the time they are to pay to the 
25th of August, 1 required 19.000 pound, which I 
perceive your Lordship hath paid. At that time 
I knew of no thorough discharge, and till then I 
never demanded any conduct in discharge. The 
time will come over somewhat also for a good com- 
pany before they come to Chatham ; but 1 will go 
with this as far as I can, and never demand more 
till extremity compel me. 

There are some ships appointed to go to the 
coast of France for the great Spaniard. ! will not 
forget to write your Lordship what they are, and 
their numbers, with those that stay in the Narrow 
Seas ; but my Lord will leave order they shall all 
so come to Chatham that are not of those companies 
in the Narrow Seas. Your Lordship doth know 
best what ships her Majesty will keep abroad, and 
can best give order to Mr. Quarles for the victual- 

' This hook does noi seem to be in existence. 
' Ouicry. 
VOL. 11. N 



DEFEAT OF THE 



ling of them. My Lord hath now received order to 
discharge the army, which [i ] assure your Lordship 
my Lord doth pass with all the speed possible ; and 
Sir William Wynter and I am not behindhand to 
further the easing of the charge. This money, 
which your Lordship hath delivered, is a prest 
which is not sufficient to discharge that which is to 
be paid ; howbeit her Majesty's charge shall cease ' 
with all the speed that may be : and, as I wrote in 
my last letters, the check book of every ship is kept 
not by me, I assure your Lordship ; it is impossible 
for me to spare time to peruse* them ; but when the 
ofificers put their hands to confirm the pay books, I 
give my men allowance of so much money as the 
book maintaineth ; and with that her Majesty is 
charged with, and no more ; and I never yet knew 
any penny profit by sea books, nor know not what a 
dead pay meaneth, as it hath been most injuriously 
and falsely informed. There are diets to the 
captains, dead shares to the officers, and such like 
accustomed pays to the officers, which are paid, and 
no more. It shall hereafter be none offence to your 
Lordship that I do so much alone ; for with God's 
favour I will and must leave all. I pray God I may 
end this account to her Majesty's and your Lord- 
ship's liking, and avoid my own undoing ; and I 
trust God will so provide for me as I shall never 
meddle with such intricate matters more ; for they 
be importable' for any man to please and over- 
come it. If I had any enemy, I would wish him 
no more harm than the course of my troublesome 
and painful life; but hereunto, and to God's good 
providence, we are born. 

I have showed your Lordship's letter to my Lord 



Admiral and Sir VVillia 



WynK 



who can best 



' MS seesse. 

' MS. importable 



• Examine, 
tnhearable, intolerable, il 



SPANISH ARMADA 179 

judge of my care and painful travail, and the desire I 
have to ease the charge. Since we came to Har- 
wich, the Margate, and Dover, our men have much 
fallen sick, whereby many are discharged ; which we 
havenot greatly desired to increase, because we always 
hoped of a general discharge ; yet some mariners 
we have procured to divers of the ships, to refresh 
them. And so I leave, in great haste, to trouble your 
Lordship. From Dover, the 28th of August, 1588, 
Your honourable Lordship's humbly to command, 
John Hawkvns. 



August 2%.— NOTE OF SHIPS IN THE 
QUEEN'S PAY. 

[cexv. 64. — Endorsed by Burghley : — 'i8th August, 1588'; the 
rest partly in Hawkyns' hand, and initialled by him : — 'A note 
of all the ships in her Majesty's pay. The ships that are to 
remain in the Narrow Seas, and the ships that seek the great 
Spaniard upon the coasl of France. — J. H. This is badly 
written and in haste ; I humbly pray your Lordship to bear 
with it The hoys, with four ships of those under Mr, Thomas 
Knyvet, go also to seek the great Spaniard." Added in 
Eurghley's writing :■ — ' i6th September, 1588.'] 

The ships that went to Plymouth with my Lord 
Admiral : — 





(Mt.l 




[Mm] 


The Ark Ralegh . 


425 


The Swallow 


160 


Bear 


500 


Foresight . 


160 


Triumph 


SOO 


Charles- 


40 


Elizabeth Jonas 


SCO 


Moon . 


40 


Victory . 


400 


Disdain 


45 


Mary Rose 


250 


White Lion 


50 


Elizabeth Bona- 




Hoy . 


30 


venture 


250 


Marigold 


20 


Golden Lion . 


250 


Ketch . 


12 


Dreadnought . 


200 


Lark . 


30 



i8o 



DEFEAT OF THE 



Ships remaining with my Lord Seymour in the 


Narrow Seas : — 










[Men] 




[Men] 


The Rainbow 


. 250 


The Spy 


• 35 


Vanguard 


. 250 


Merlin 


• 35 


Antelope 


160 


Sun 


• 30 


Tiger . 


\QO 


Cygnet 


20 


Bull 


\QO 


George 


• 30 


Tramontana 


70 


Fancy . 


24 


Scout 


70 


Ketch . 


12 


Achates . 


60 




1,246 
[Men] 


The Galley 


• 


• • • 


250 


Brigandin 


e 


• • • 


36 


Victualler 


• 


• • • 


14 



300 

The ships under Sir Francis Drake's charge : — 

[Men] [Men] 

The Revenge . 250 The Swiftsure . 200 

Nonpareil . 250 Aid . .120 

Hope . . 250 Advice . 35 



The Galleon Leicester 
Merchant Royal . 
Roebuck 

Edward Bonaventure 
Gold Noble 
Hopewell 
Griffin . 
Minion 
Thomas 
Bark Talbot 
Spark . 





1,105 


[Tons] 




400 


160 


400 


140 


300 


120 


300 


120 


250 


IIO 


2QO 


100 


200 


100 


200 


80 


200 


80 


200 


80 


200 


80 



SPANISH ARMADA 



i8i 



The Hope . 

Bark Bond . 
Bark Bonner 
Bark Hawkyns 
Eliz. Founes 
Unity . 

Elizabeth Drake 
Bear . 
Chance 
Delight 
Nightingale 
Small Caravel 



[Tons] 


[Men] 


1 80 


70 


150 


70 


150 


70 


140 


70 


100 


60 


80 


40 


50 


30 


140 


70 


60 


40 


50 


30 


40 


24 


30 


24 



2,993 ^ 



The abstract of the whole charge in 
Majesty's pay : — 



her 



My Lord Admiral 
Sir Francis . 
My Lord Seymour 
The Galley &c. . 



Ships taken by Sir Francis Drake 



[Men] 

3,862 

2,995 
1,246 

300 

8,401 
614 

9,021 



The ships of Sir Richard 
others : — 



The Galleon Dudley 
God Save Her 
Frigate . 
Bark St. Leger 
Manington 



Greynv 


He's 


and 


[Tons] 


[Men] 




250 


100 




200 


80 




80 


60 




160 


80 




150 


80 





' Some ships seem to be omitted, and the total of men is in 
excess of the details ; but the arithmetic throughout is peculiar. 



DEFEAT OF THE 





[T***! 


IMc*] 


The Bark Buggins . 

Bark Flemyng, Golden 


So 


50 






Hind .... 


50 


30 


Bark Leman, Makeshift . 


60 


40 


Diamond of Dartmouth . 


60 


40 


Speedwell 


70 


14 


Bark Yonge . 


70 


40 



This is parcel of the abstracL 

28th of August, ! 588. 



614 



Ships appointed to stay in the Narrow Seas : — 

[Men] 

The Hojw . John Sampson' . . 250 

Vanguard . Sir Henry Palmer capt . 250 
Rainbow . Thos. Gray ^ capt. . . 230 

Aid . Willm. Fenner or Wm. 

Wynter . 
Luke Ward capt. 
Mr. Bostocke capt . 
Mr. Clifford capt. . 
Mr. Riggs capt. 

Masters . 



Foresight 
Tiger . 
Tramontana 
Achates 
Sun . 
Moon . . , 



120 
160 
90 
70 
60 
25 
35 

1,290 



This is no parcel of the abstract 
Ships abroad to seek the Spaniards ; — 
The Elizabeth Bonaventure .... 250 
Foresight ; she is noted to remain. 
Aid ; she is also to remain . . . 120 
The Charles ...... 40 

' This name is written in by Burghley. Sampson had pro- 
bubl)' Iwen master of the Hope in the action ; but it does act 
appear whm had now become of Ctosse. 

* Gr*y h.id been master of the Arlt. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



August 2^.— HOWARD TO IVALSYNGHAM. 
[coxT. 6fi, — Holograph. Addressed. In very bad condition.] 

Sir: — This morning I have received a letter from 
Sir Thomas Morgan. The effect' is that he hath 
taken order for his men to [move] to Sandwich, I 
have taken order that the two hoys that served in 
the Narrow Seas with my Lord Ha. Seymour 
shall waft them, and also carry some of the soldiers 
in [them]. 1 doubt much the soldiers will not march 
before they have money. I am told they have no 
money come yet. I mean^ to ride this afternoon to 
the soldiers to see what I can do with them, to em- 
bark them. 

Sir, it is no small trouble that I have here in 
discharging of the ships of sundry places, both to 
the westwards as far as Bristol and Bridgwater. 
We are fain to help them with victuals to bring them 
[thither]. There is not any of them that hath one 
day's victuals, and many [of them] have sent many 
sick men ashore here, and not one penny to reHeve 
them. I am driven to make Sir John Hawkyns to 
relieve them with money as he can [do]. It were 
too pitiful to have men starve after such a service, 
I know her Majesty would not, for any good. 
Therefore I had rather open the Queen's Majesty's 
purse something to relieve them, than they should 
be in that extremity' ; for we are to look to have 
more of these services ; and If men should not be 
cared for better than to let them starve and die 
miserably, we should very hardly get men to serve. 
Sir. I desire [but] that there may be but double allow- 
ance of but as much as 1 [give] out of my own purse, 
and yet I am not the ablest man in [the realm] ; but, 
' Effect = substance, ' MS. miii. 



iS4 



DEFEAT OF THE 



before God. I had rather have never penny in the 
world than they should lack. 

It was this morning before those ships could go 
hence that should go to the helping of the Aid and 
the Charles, the storms have been so great these 
3 days. ! have sent over this morning the French 
gentleman of M. d'^peron's' to Boulogne. I per- 
ceive by him he will [return] again to-morrow if he 
can. 

There came into the road here yesternight 
against his will a very great hulk that came from 
Lisbon. I do understand by them that there were 
1 2 ships laden with victuals to come to the [armada], 
thinking to find them here. They say certainly 
they will come this way. 

I do hear there rideth divers ships under Beechy. 
Those ships that go with Captain Sampson and 
Mr. Knyvet shall speak with them, for it is in their 
[way. I have] gotten of the master of the hulk the 
names of the masters of [those] ships that bringeth 
the victuals out of Spain ; so as I doubt not but 
if [they come] this ways but that they shall be met 
withal. 

Even as I was writing [this present], George 
Morgan came to me. and told me that the soldiers 
were going to Sandwich. It shall be well done to 
hasten Sir Thomas Morgan from London, who is 
gone thither, as I leam, about earnest business ; and 
also that the money for the soldiers be [sent] down 
with all speed to uiem. Sir. 1 thank God that my 
Lord Chamberlain hath [regained] his feet. God 
send him health. I do leave Sir William Wynter. 
Sir John Hawkyns and Sir Martin Frobiser, with 
the captains and one lieutenant, to [be] in the ships. 

' Tl\e Duke d'Ef»eron, ihe celebrated ' mignon ' of Henry III. 
At this period he was earning a nobler distinction as the leader 
of the King's army. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



185 



Sir, I think that myself, my Lord Ha. Seymour, 
my Lord Thomas Howard and [my Lord] Sheffield 
will be at the Court on Sunday ; for I trust by to- 
morrow ^ night to despatch all things here, and to 
leave order with Sir W. Wynter and Sir John 
Hawkyns for the rest ; as also with Sir Ha. Palmer, 
who remaineth with the charge of the ships in the 
Narrow Seas. I do leave these ships underwritten 
[with him], for it is good to have some good strength 
for a while. 

Sir, God send you well to do, and so I bid you 
most heartily farewell. From Dover, the 29th of 
August Your assured loving friend, 

C. Howard. 



Sir, Mr. Bodley is here, and [will] think he is for- 
gotten. I think [there] is no cause of his farther [stay], 
but he will not depart till he knoweth her Majesty's 
pleasure. 

The Vanguard 
Rainbow . 
Foresight 
Aid. 



Tiger . 
Tramontana 
Moon 
Sun 



L250. 
230 

160 

120 

90 

70 

35 
25 



12 
2 



8 



1,040 

' Friday. ^ Torn away. 

^ This sum only amounts to 980. The Achates, 60 men, is 
omitted in error. See ante^ p. 175. 



i86 



DEFEAT OF THE 



August 20.—CARY TO WALSYNCHAM. 

[eexT. 97.-~Hokign{ifa. Addressed.] 

Having now brought the Spanish ship' in sale 
harbour, bestowed the prisoners in sure keeping, 
and inventoried the ordnance and goods, we have 
sent unto your Honour the said inventor)' under our 
hands, with a note of the charges concerning the 
Rame, and with our humble request unto your 
Honours for some directions touching these Spanish 
prisoners, whom we would have been very glad 
they had been made water spaniels when they were 
first taken. Their provision, which is left to sustain 
them, is very little and nought, their fish savours, 
so that it is not to be eaten, and their bread full of 
worms. The people's charity unto them (coming 
with so wicked an intent) is very cold ; so that if 
there be not order forthwith taken by your Lord- 
ships, they must starve. They are many in number, 
and divers of them already very weak, and some dead. 
The pilot of the ship is as perfect in our coasts as if 
he had been a native born. Divers of the rest are 
of the garrison^ of Sicilia. 

And touching the inventoring of the ordnance 
and goods, there are, I think, a 12 or 13 pieces of 
brass ordnance taken out of the ship, and so left out 
of our inventory, as your Honour may perceive by 
the empty carriages which are noted down on the 
inventory ; of the which I take it Jacob Whiddon, 
captain of the Roebuck, had ten, and likewise 
divers muskets and calivers. A pinnace of Ply- 
mouth, that came from my Lord Admiral for 

' N. S. del Rosario. 

' Hi; uses 'garrison' as the English equivalent of knw, 
which is ralhcr the modern ' regiment.' 



SPANISH ARMADA 



J 87 



powder and shot, had other two pieces ; and the 
Samaritan of Dartmouth had the other, as also 
10 muskets and 10 calivers. The Roebuck had 
also divers pipes of wine, and two of oil. None of 
these things could be allowed to be set down in the 
inventory, because my warrant from my Lords was 
for the inventoring of the goods whatsoever which 
were or are here remaining in the ship [silhence] 
their Lordships' first letters, and these things were 
taken out before. I was never much ' experienced 
in these causes before this time ; but now I find 
that all these sea goods are mixed with bird-lime ; 
for no man can lay his hand of them, but is Hmed, 
and must bring away somewhat. Watch and look 
never so narrowly, they will steal and pilfer. There 
are four or five pipes of wine and vinegar privily 
hoisted over board, of which I have some under- 
standing of, and in my next letters your Honour 
shall have further knowledge what is become of 
them. And so they are not inventoried. 

And now, having told you of others, I pray let 
me trouble your Honour and show a little of myself. 
It is reported unto us that there should a warrant 
come from my Lords for the receipt of the [ship] 
out of our hands ; and therefore Sir John [Gilberte] 
and I have left out of the inventory 4 pipes of wine, 
two for him and two for myself ; but herewith I 
shall humbly beseech your Honour to acquaint my 
Lords ; for if it be not their pleasures to bestow the 
said two pipes on me, I will pay for them with all 
my heart as the rest are sold ; for in no case, nor 
under any colour, would I use any deceit, especially 
where trust Is reposed in me ; neither will I touch 
the wines until I hear from your Honour what their 
Lordships' pleasures are. Thus, being sorry that I 



i88 



DEFEAT OF THE 



have troubled your Honour so long, I humbly take 
my leave. Cockington, this 29th of August, 1588. 
Your Honour's most bounden. 
George Gary. 



August 26.—GJLBERTE AND CARY TO THE 
COUNCIL. 

[ccxT. 68. — Signed. Addressed] 

Our duties to your good Lordships most humbly 
remembered : — Having received your Honours' 
letters for the safe keeping and bestowing of the 
Spanish prisoners, and likewise for the true and 
perfect inventoring of the ordnance, munition, and 
all other things whatsoever remaining in the ship 
which was left in Torbay, and now in the haven of 
Dartmouth : 

And touching the said prisoners, being in 
number 397, whereof we sent to my Lord Lieu- 
tenant ' five of the chiefesl of them, whom his Lord- 
ship hath committed to the town prison of Exon ; 
and we have put 226 in our Bridewell, amongst 
which all the mariners are placed, which are 61, 
besides younkers and boys. The rest, which are 
1 66. for the ease of our country from the watching 
and guarding of them, and conveying of their pro- 
vision of their victuals unto them — which was very 
burdensome unto our people in this time of harvest 
— we have therefore placed them aboard the 
Spanish ship, to live upon such victuals as do re- 
main in the said ship ; which is very little and bad, 
their fish unsavoury, and their bread full of worms, 
and of so small quantity as will suffice them but a 
very small time. 

' The Earl of Bath. 



SPANISH ARMADA 189 

And touching the ordnance and other things in 
the said ship, we have herewith, under our hands, 
sent your Lordships the true inventory, having left 
ail the great ordnance aboard the ship ; but the 
small ordnance, lest that It should be embezzled * 
away, we have caused the same to be had on 
shore. 

The wines, being 85 pipes, were so badly con- 
ditioned that they made but 67 full pipes, which are 
put in safe cellarj^e ; and the wines but indifferent, 
and many of them eager."' Thus much presuming 
of your Lordships' good allowance, we have be- 
stowed four pipes of the said wines : the one on my 
Lord Edward Seymour,^ for cumbering his house 
with these Spanish prisoners until the ship was 
cleared, not knowing otherwise where we should 
have bestowed them ; the other three pipes we gave 
to three gentlemen that this month have continually 
lain aboard and attended the said ship. There are 
also sundry gentlemen and others which have de- 
manded divers pipes of wine heretofore given unto 
them by the captains."' and some of them (as they 
say) have already paid their money for the same ; 

' MS. imbeaselled. ' Sour. Fr. aip^. 

* Second son of the Duke of Somerset, the Protector, by his 
first wife, whom he repudiated, disinheriting her children. By the 
early death of his elder brother, he remained the eldest son ; but 
though this was acknowledged by Act of Parliament (7 Edw.VI.J, 
it was a younger Edward, the eldest son of the Duke by his 
second marriage, that was created Earl of Hertford in 1559. The 
older Edward lived retired at Bury Pomeroy, and died in 1593. 
His son was created a baronet in 1611. It was his great-gnindson, 
the third baronet, to whom, on his waiting on the Prince of Orange 
at Exeter in 1688, the Prince remarked : — ' I think. Sir Edward, 
you are of the Duke of Somerset's family ? ' ' Nij, sir,' he replied, 
' he is of mine.' On the failure of the younger line, the title 
reverted to the elder in 1750. 

' Possibly Flemyng, who brought her in, and Whiddon of the 
Roebuck, who had helped himself to ' divers pipes of wine ' ; but 
the meaning is not clear. 




190 DEFEAT OF THE 

but yet we have made stay thereof until your Lord- 
ships' pleasures be further known. 

We have also sent your Honours a book of the 
charge which hath been defrayed about the said 
ship sithence she was left in Torbay. wind and 
weather not serving by the space of three weeks to 
bring her into safe harbour ; wherein we humbly 
pray your Lordships' directions for the allowance of 
the said charges. 

And so, resting to be commanded by your Lord- 
ships what your further pleasures are touching these 
Spanish prisoners and the rest of these causes, 
we cease from farther troubling your Honours, do 
most humbly take our leave. Greenwaye, 29th of 
August, 1588. 

Your Lordships' most humbly to command, 
John Gilberte. George Gary. 



Aug. 2%.— INVENTORY OF THE ROSARIO. 

[ocxv. 87, I. ; 68, I. — Signed. Duplicate. Enclosure in Mr. 
Gary's letter to Walsyngham of August 29, and ihe joint letter 
to the Council of August 29.] 

The true inventory of all the ordnance, muni- 
tion, wines, and all other things whatsoever aboard 
the Spanish ship in the haven of Dartmouth, taken 
the 2Sth day of August, 1588. 



Ordnance of brass ; 



Imprimis, one fowler 

Item, more, one fowler . . . 186 

,, a great base ' . . . . 700 

' According to Norton, an English h.v-- 
ij inch in the bore, and discharged an inn 
patterns varied between 150 and 8oq lbs., ' 
have been the same, "^ 



lbs. qrs. lbs. 





SPANISH 


ARMADA 


I 


91 






ItM. 


qn. 


lbs. 


Item, 


more, i great base . 


700 


3 


4 




„ I great base . 




600 


3 







„ I great base 




708 










„ a base . 




■ 385 










„ I base . 




382 










„ I base . 




. 388 










„ I base . 




390 










„ I base . 




212 










a falconet 




700 


3 







5 chambers of 23 case ^ . 













a cannon pedro 


. 2,639 










more, a cannon pedro 


. 2,566 










a demi-cannon, without number 










of 6 inches height 













more, i cannon pedro 


. 3.032 










I culverin . . . , 


4.736 










more, a culverin 


• • 


3.200 


I 


9 




„ I culverin 


• « 


4.728 










I basilisco 


1 • < 


■ 4.840 










more, i culverin 


• < 


4.589 










I cannon pedro 


• • < 


■ 2,934 










more, i cannon pedro 


, 2,894 










„ I cannon pedro 


. 3.02 1 










„ I demi-cannon 


5.230 










„ I demi-cannon, without 










number, of 6 inches in height 


t 










Ordnance of iron : 








Impri 


imis, ID chambers 











Item, 


4 fore-locks . . . . 











>» 


I minion . . . . 


1,100 








t ■ 


I demi-culverin 


• < 


a.-ioo 









All which great pieces of brass and iron are 
mounted on their carriages a-shipboard. 

* For case-shot. The case was a wooden cylinder. (Man- 
wayring). 



192 DEFEAT OF THE 

Item, 12 carriages without ordnance. 
,, 2 field carriages without wheels. 
,, 4 spare anchors within board. 
,, 2 cables and anchors which the ship rides by. 
„ 3 cables on shore, whereof 2 white and a 

tarred. 
„ 2 kedging anchors. 
,, 7 shear hooks ' for yards. 

a graper^ of iron with a chain. 
,, a main-course. 
„ I mizen-sail 

„ I main-topsail wanting the wings, with sundry 
ropes, some whole, some broken, with divers 
sorts of pullies.^ 

„ iron hoops 261 

empty c;isks 234 

sows of lead 5 

butts of wine taken overboard . . 85 

which filled 67 

a great lantern which was in the stem of 
the ship. 

A brief of such charges as hath been bestowed 
about the Spanish ship during the time she re- 
mained in Torbay, till the time of her unlading : — 

I '. d. 
Imprimis, the wages for 50 men, after the 

rate of lOi. a month for a man . 25 o o 

' 'Shear hooks are great hooks of iron, about the bigness of a 
small sickle and more ; they are set into the yard arms of the main 
and fore yards ; the use whereof is that if a ship under sail come 
to board her that hath these hooks, she will cut her shrouds or 
tear her sails down with these hooks. Some use them, but they 
are most unuseful and unnecessary things, and dangerous for the 
breaking of a yard if the hook should calch in the other ship's 
mast.' (Man way ring.) 

' Grapnel. 

' MS. puUowes. 



SPANISH ARMADA 193 

Item, i,7cx) of biscuit, at 75. the hundred 519 o 

21 hogsheads of beer, at %s. the 
hogshead 880 

for beef, fish, and other neces- 
saries . . . . . II 6 7 

8 boats to tow the ship about from 
Torbay into the haven of Dart- 
mouth 160 

carpenters to set up a jury mast 
in Torbay . . . . .0134 

to a boatman for carrying of ropes 
and other necessaries to set up 
the jury mast . . . . o 16 o 

for 20 pounds of iron spikes . 050 

to 2 barks that landed the Spanish 
prisoners and brought certain 
ordnance from the ship into Dart- 
mouth haven . . . .800 

for guarding and watching of the 
Spaniards 2 nights and a day at 
their landing . . . . i 10 o 

for 8 boats for carrying of victuals 
sundry times to the Spanish 
prisoners . . . . .200 

for a boat of 1 2 tons to carry vic- 
tuals to the Spanish prisoners to 
Bridewell . . . . .200 

wood to dress the Spanish pri- 
soners* meat ashore . . .100 

for lifters and labourers for the un- 
lading of the ordnance, wine &c. . 4170 

for new hooping of the wines . 280 

to Liddenton at his riding post to 
London to certify the arrival of 
the Spanish ship . . .200 

to a man of my Lord Admiral's 
that came for the powder out of 

VOL. II. o 



194 DEFEAT OF THE 

the Spaniard, and so came by 
post to Portsmouth . .200 

for 500 of corr fish for the Spanish 
prisoners . . .500 

Sum total 84 811 
John Gilberte. George Gary. 
[Memorandum, in Burghley's hand.] 
The charges laid out for the prisoners must be 
accounted for and repaid by the prisoners before 
they be delivered. 

Au£vsi io.— SUSSEX TO THE COUNCIL. 

[ooxT. 72. — Signed. Addressed. A singularly neat handwriting, 
though now somewhat faint, the ink having faded.] 

It may please your Honours: — Upon Monday 
morning, being the 26th of this present, Captain Ray- 
mond in the Elizabeth Bonaventure. Captain Baker 
in the Foresight.^ came from the coast of France, 
and found here at road Captain Fenner, captain of 
the Aid, and Captain Roberts, captain of the Charles, 
who were sent, being all of one concert, for the 
taking of the great Spanish ship that lay at the 
Bay of Hogges, and now in Newhaven road ; which 
captains, upon conference had amongst themselves 
for the execution of this exploit, found that there 
was among them lack of some victuals, powder and 
shot to perform the enterprise ; for that the Spanish 
(ship was very well manned and appointed with ord- 
inance and small shot, and meant to fight it out. 
besides the aid they might have of the French. 
Whereupon they came all unto me for supply of 

' The words, ' and the pinnace called the Delight,' written in 
here, have been roughly scored out apparently by Sussex himself. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



195 



their wants, which i presently accomplished ; as by 
the particulars thereof, herein sent to your Honours, 
may more plainly appear. So as upon Tuesday, 
about two of the clock after midnight, they set sail 
for the coast of France ; so as 1 think they were 
yesternight, or this morning, at road by the Spanish 
ship, if she be not gone over the bar at Newhaven 
this spring tide : hoping' very shortly to hear some 
good news of their happy success in this their enter- 
prise. 

I have also received a letter from my Lord 
Admiral of the 23rd of this present, wherein he 
writeth that he hath received all the powder and 
shot that I sent unto his Lordship, and hath dis- 
charged all the ships ^ saving my Lord of Cumber- 
land's. Having'' requested me likewise, that forso- 
much as he hath discharged them without their pay, 
that I would levy so much money hereabouts me, in 
this country, as will suffice to make pay and satis- 
faction unto them ; the which, your Honours shall 
understand, I cannot by any means do, unless I 
will seek to be hardly thought of by the country — 
having been so greatly charged otherwise of late in 
these services — and thereby grow odious unto them ; 
or else that the same may be levied by order and 
direction from your Honours of the Council, if you 
will so have it ; for that of myself, I neither can nor 
will take it upon me. 

I am sorry to write unto your Honours of the 
disorderly and dishonourable speeches uttered by 
Gray.* one of the masters of the Queen's Majesty's 

' Sc. BO that I hope. ' d. post, p. 211. 

' Sc. But he has also requested. 

* Probably Thomas Gray, the master of the Ark, and one of 
the ' masters of her Majesty's navy,' who had been appointed 
captain of the Rainbow, in the squadron with Sir H. Palmer 
(ank, p. iSj). The only other Gray mentioned is John Gray, 
the master of the Revenge. 



196 



DEFEAT OF THE 



ships, of me ; and not- contented therewith, but in 
offering to beat the captain of one of the barks sent 
by me, and strake ' and beat divers of the company, 
and thrust the master overboard ; who then required 
that, if he would thrust them overboard, they might 
be considered for their wages. Gray answered that 
if my Lord of Sussex did prest them, let him prest no 
more than he will pay ; and so turned them away, not 
suffering them to take either their apparel or furniture 
with them ; and took away from them two hogsheads 
of beer, which my Lord Admiral had assigned them 
to bring them home, and put it aboard his own hoy, 
as they said. These dealings be very hard for a 
nobleman to receive at such a man's hands as he is ; 
for as Gray saith he knoweth me, I assure your 
Honours I know him, and some part of his doings ; 
but I make small account of his speeches, because I 
know the man's disposition ; but I fear his blows and 
beatings will not so easily be put up, if he come in 
place where they may be remembered ; for men and 
soldiers will hardly bear to be beaten. 

Since the writing of my letters yesterday, and 
before the sealing up of the same this morning, the 
Queen's Majesty's ships which were sent for the 
coast of France — viz. the Elizabeth Bonaventure, the 
Foresight, the Aid, and the Charles — did come in 
sight. The Charles having spent her mainmast, 
and finding the wind to blow very high at North- 
West, durst ^ not adventure the Queen's ships upon 
that coast ; and for that cause they returned, and 
do mean to pass over thither again with the next 
wind that will serve their turn. And even so I 
commit your Honours to God. From Portsmouth, 
the 30th of August, 1588. 

Your Honours' most humbly at command, 

Sussex. 
' Struck. » They durst not. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



197 



August 2$.— NOTE OF SUPPLIES. 

[ccxv. 72, 1. — Enclosure in Lord Sussex's letter to the Council of 
August 30, and is in the same writing.] 

A note of such powder, shot, and victuals as 
was delivered into the Queen s Majesty's ships, the 
25th of August, 1588. 

For the Aid, William Fenner : 

Demi-culverin shot 
Saker shot 



Minion shot 
Barrels of powder 
Saker crossbar shot 
Minion crossbar shot 

For the Charles, John Roberts : 

Falcon shot 

Demi-barrels of powder 

Falcon crossbar shot . . . . 



2Q 

5Q 

5 
12 

80 

2 

12 



For the Elizabeth Bonaventure, George Raymond : 

Tons of beer •....• 6 

Bread ...... 600 

Demi-cannon shot . . . .10 

Culverin shot ...... 10 

[Saker shot] ^ . . . .. .20 

Oars for the longboat ... 6 

For the Foresight, Christopher Baker : 
Barrels of powder .... 4 



Demi-culverin shot 

Saker shot 

Tons of beer 

Biscuit 

Oars for the longboat 



SO 

30 

4 
600 

6 



* The MS. has saylers, which.has no meaning; it is (nrobably 4 
clerical error for saker shot 



I9S 



DEFEAT OF THE 



August.— SEYMOUR TO WALSYNGHASS. 

[eoxT. 78, — Addressed. Endorsed in Edmonds' writing. 
Seal of the Seymour crest.] 

Sir : — Since the time of my Lord Admiral's 
repair hither, I have had some leisure to peruse all 
your honourable letters, with them that come from 
my Lords ; as^ otherwise have examined all my own 
copies ; wherein 1 find the sequel of this great cause 
long prepared doth not much vary from my own 
precedent private conjectured opinion ; chiefly in 
respect of the Duke of Parma's exploits, the same 
never to be enterprised by his own particular 
strength, but always his attempts to proceed where 
he doth assure himself of faction or civil discord, or 
that he be otherwise supported of stronger forces 
than his own. 

Now finding the capital enemy, the Spaniard, 
returned and brought even to his own home, with 
greater shame and disgrace than before he set out 
with pomp and glory, I imagine beforehand the 
dispute that may arise between the King and the 
Duke of Medina, [with] what controversies may 
grow upon the authors of this mighty preparation, 
what satisfaction the Duke of Parma can yield of 
this course only directed by him ; for of these two 
principal generals, the two foresaid Dukes, the 
King must look to have a good account thereof, 
and to whom he shall incline. My opinion doth 
give me the Duke of Parma is like to bear the 
blame, who, I think, now may easily be entreated to 
make a division of the Low Countries with her 
Majesty.-' But, to proceed further herein I will 

' As = and. 

' This is very like a suggestion of the proposal actually made 
in October by Paiavidno to Parma. Motley, in giving an account 



SPANISH ARMADA 



199 



omit, and leave the same to your graver conceits, 
meaning now to answer your last received letters, 
wherein I find myself ever remembered by your 
honourable good care. 

And. to prevent her Majesty's good and gracious 
favourable remembrance of me, if so be that among 
you It shall be resolved to proceed with the chaise 
of another month's victuals, which is already pre- 
pared, let not my service be spared. Albeit you 
may sit sure this year for the King of Spain ; yet, if 
you consider what 1 wrote in my last letters of the 
Duke of Parma, touching his desperate actions, 
finding himself foiled for not joining with the Duke 
of Medina, some unlooked-for enterprises to save 
his honour may be attempted for England, if we 
have a fair latter end of a summer ; and with my 
conceit, could never heretofore be so far forth 
carried, but now, upon the recovery of his honour at 
this time balanced. And even so, with my very 
loving commendations, and all manner of well- 
wishing unto yourself, do take my leave. From 
aboard the Rainbow, her Majesty's most honourable 
ship, the' 

of its receplion by Parma, adds : ' There is neither proof nor 
probability that the Queen's government was implicated in this 
intrigue of Palavicino's ' (Hist, of United Netherlands, ii. 512). 
There is certainly a probability that Walsyngham had spoken of 
the matter to Palavicino, with a hint that he might sound Parma 
respecting it. 

' The letter ends thus abruptly, without date or signature. 
The writing is that of Seymour's clerk, as in the letters to Howard 
and Walsyngham of August \q{ante,y^. lag, 130), and the mention 
of ■ my Lord Admiral,' of ' the Rainbow,' as well as the seal and 
Edmonds' endorsement, leave no room for doubt as to its having 
been written and sent with Seymour's authority ; but a very casual 
perusal will show how different the wording of it Is from letters of 
Seymour's own writing, or under his signature. It may perhaps 
be supposed that he told his clerk the substance of what he 
wanted to say, but did not dictate it, and was absent when it was 
written and sent off. 



DEFEAT OF THE 



THE CHARGE OF CERTAIN SHIPS. 

[eoXT. 76.— Signed. Endorsed : — The charge of certain ships 
sent to the seas by Sir John Gitberte to repair to the Admiral.] 

A note of the charge of those ships sent unto 
the seas, for the supply of men to her Majesty's 
navy, the 22nd of July, 1588, and served one 
month. 

The Roebuck victualled : — 

£, s. J- 
Imprimis, for 6 medernixes ' for the Roe- 
buck 740 

Item, I hogshead of beef . . . 3113 
„ 6ooof Irish fish, at 5CW, the hundred 15 00 

Sum 25 15 3 

To the Chance, my Lord Admiral's pinnace, 
which came for powder &c., and victualled : — 

C >■ d. 
Item, from the town of Dartmouth, 126 
iron shot of all sorts, weighing 
I cwt.^ I qr, 10 lbs., at \2S. the 
hundred . . . . .500 
,, 2 hogsheads of beer . . .100 
,, I barrel of beef . . 1107 



Sum 7 10 7 
The Phcenix of Dartmouth, Mr. Gawen Cham- 

' A medemix, which appears in these papers under many 
different spellings — meddernix, or nex, methemix, and mederinax 
— and as mildernix in 'An Act against the deceiiful and false 
making of mildernix . , . whereof sail-cloths for the navy and 
other shipping are made ' (i Jac. I, c, 24) — was a boll of canvas. 

' So in MS. Apparently in error for 8 cwt. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



20 1 



pemowne's * bark, burden 70 tons, with 50 men, and 
served one month : — 



Imprimis, 4 barrels of powder, weighing 

493 lbs., at \2d. the pound 
Item, 81 pieces of beef . 

I bushel of peas . 

100 of fish . 

1 cheese 

for match and oakum . 
for 9 lbs. of spikes ^ 
for 7 oars of 18 foot . 
for cross-bars and round shot 
for 10 cwt of biscuit . 

2 tons of beer 
7^ lbs. of plated lead . 
for 24 lbs. of candles . 
for all sorts of nails 



J. 



d. 



24 


13 





2 











2 


8 





10 











8 





8 


6 





I 


6 


I 


6 








13 


4 


3 


10 





4 











I 


3 





9 








7 


6 



38 3 5 



Sum* 
Besides the ship and mariners. 

John Gilberte. 

The Command, Sir John Gilberte's ship, burden 

1 20 tons, with 80 men, which served one month : 

I 
Item, 10 hogsheads of beer 

1 hogshead of beef 

I GO of corr fish ' . 

I I cwt. of biscuit . 
6 cwt. of powder . 
30 lbs of caliver powder 
750 lbs. of round shot, chain shot, 

and cross-bars, at 12^. the hun- 
dred ..... 



5 

3 

2 

3 

30 

I 



s, 

O 

II 

o 

17 

o 

15 



d. 
o 

3 
o 

o 

o 

o 



4 10 o 



^ First cousin of Sir Walter Ralegh : son of his mother's 
younger brother, Sir Arthur Champernowne of Dartington. 
'MS. spukes. ' Salt cod. 



VBPmiiiiip 


I 


■ 


^H^ 


£ 


I. d. 


^H hem, 32 lbs of match, at 6</. the pound . 





II 


^H 6 yards of canvas for cartridges, at 






^H lo^. the yard .... 





5 


^H 30 lbs. of candles . 





6 8 


^H for 500 of wood .... 





13 4 


^H for all sorts of nails 





10 6 


^H 2 quarter cans .... 





2 8 


^M „ 54i lbs. of plated lead . 





9 2 


^H I barrel of butter, 200 weight 
^H Sum 


2 


10 


56" 


I 8 


^H Besides the ship and mariners. 






^H The Elizabeth, Mr. Adrian Gilberte's' 


ship, 


^H burden 70 tons, with 60 men, and served 


month : — 1 


^^1 


£ 


s. d. 


^H Imprimis. 20 cwt. of biscuit . 


7 





^H Item, 6 tons of beer .... 


12 





^H 2 hogsheads of beef and one barrel 






^m of pork 


9 


12 6 


^B 1 ,000 of dry fish .... 


5 





^M I cwt. of butter .... 


I 


5 


^^ I cwt. of cheese .... 





18 


^H 3 bushels of peas .... 





10 


^1 700 of wood .... 





18 


^H 411 pounds of powder . 


20 


II 


^1 30 pounds of candles . 





10 


^B 500 ^ shot of all sorts . 


3 





^H „ waist cloths and cartridges, 4oyards 


2 





^H 20 lbs. of match .... 
^H Sum 





10 


63" 


14 6 


^H Besides the ship and mariners. 






^1 The head of the mainmast, with the topmast, H 


^M sail and shrouds, spent. JOHN GiLBERTE. | 


^M ' Brother of Sir John. 




■ 


^H * So in MS. It would seem to mean 500 lbs. of sbol at m. ■ 


^^L the 100. 


1 


1 



SPANISH ARMADA 203 

The Samaritan of Dartmouth, burden 300 tons, 
with 1 50 men, which served one month : — 

Imprimis, 39J cwt of biscuit . • [i]3 ^^ ^ 

Item, 30 hogsheads of beer . . .1400 

1,000 of dry fish . . . .500 

I hogshead of pork . . .500 

60 lbs. of candles . . .100 

800 of wood . . . . o 16 6 

1 2 bushels of peas . .200 

30 lbs. of match . . . .0150 

of round shot and cross-bars, 700 400 

I piece of lead, 1 10 lbs. . . o 10 10 

„ platters and dishes . . .044 



f » 

>» 
>» 
If 



Sum 47 3 2 
Besides the ship and mariners. 

John Gilberte. 



SIR H, PALA VICINaS RELA TION> 

[ooxT. 77. — Italian. A peculiarly neat writing, the same as manv 
of Palavicino's letters. Endorsed (in the writing of Ed- 
monds) : — Sir Horatio Palavicino : relation of the proceeding 
of our fleet with the Spanish navy. August 1588.] 

Relation of the voyage of the Spanish armada, 
which departed from Lisbon to assail the kingdom 
of England : — 

The Spanish fleet parted from Lisbon on the 
29th of May, stilo novo, in number 130 sails great 
and small, with four galleasses of Naples and four 
galleys of Portugal, under the charge of the Duke 

* As Palavicino went from Portsmouth on July 26, and pre- 
sumably got on board the Ark in time for the battle of the 29th, 
it is curious to note the many inaccuracies in his relation, not 
only as to preceding events, which he heard of, but as to the later 
ones, which he witnessed. 



204 



DEFEAT OF THE 



of Medina Sidonia, general of the enterprise, with 
25 or 30 thousand men, as well soldiers as mariners, 
and many noblemen. 

They sailed for the port of the Groyne in Galicia, 
where they would receive some soldiers, munition 
and victuals ; it being also the haven most near and 
convenient for passing into England. But in this 
voyage they had foul weather, which scattered them, 
so that when the Duke of Medina Sidonia arrived at 
the haven, he was not accompanied with more than 
80 vessels, or thereabouts ; which occasioned a 
longer stay, for that the rest came together only by 
little and little, and divers of them were wanting, 
amongst which were the four galleys of Portugal, 
whereof three suffered shipwreck on the coast of 
Bayonne in France, and the fourth with great diffi- 
culty recovered a certain haven,' And of the ships, 
there remained behind eight, which having spent 
their masts in the violence of the storm, they re- 
turned to Lisbon unable for the voyage. All the 
rest of the army, having refreshed and ordered them- 
selves in the Groyne, and receiving continually 
commandment from the King to set out, they set 
sail on the nth of July, according to our compu- 
tation, and with a favourable wind arrived, on the 
19th of the same, off of the Cape of Cornwall, in this 
kingdom, where it was first discovered by one of our 
pinnaces, and shortly afterward by the guard of the 
castle of Falmouth ; intelligence whereof was carried 
to the Lord Admiral, who was in the haven of Ply- 
mouth with our fleet, having the conceit that the 
Spanish army would not come this year, because 
that the season was now almost past, and also of the 

' II was so reported in England {ante^ p. 131), but falsely 
(see App. E). The confusion between the first voyage, to Co run na, 
and the second, from Corunna, would seem to be Palavicino's 



SPANISH ARMADA 



205 



storm which should have spoiled them, and of the 
victual which was reported to be wasted ; so as he 
had great difficulty to bring some part of the ships 
out of the haven and to send the men aboard ; for 
that, the wind being fair for the Spanish army, he 
had sight of them the same evening, when as they 
were close to the port, with the intention of entering 
there and overcoming them, if they had not per- 
ceived our fleet. Thus, their intention being pre- 
vented, they proceeded on their voyage alongst the 
Channel. The whole of our fleet came out and 
followed them, often fighting with them and de- 
laying their progress, because that they sailed in 
close order, without extending themselves. 

The next day the fighting was hotter than on 
those which preceded it.' One of our ships beat 
their galleasses, and was the cause that divers of 
their fleet were spoiled, so as, during the fight, a gal- 
leon of Seville, vice-admiral of the enemy's fleet, 
broke her mainmast '^ ; and a ship laden with munition 
of war ^ caught fire, so as her upper works were blown 
out, and she remained unable for the voyage, and a 
short time afterward was made a prize by our men. 
The aforesaid galleon likewise remained unable to 
follow their fleet, and was taken by our men. Thera 
were in her 450 men ; the captain of her, which waa 
Don Pedro de Valdes. accompanied with two gentle-| 
men of quality, were all made prisoners ; also A 
great part of the King's treasure fell into the handsr 
of our men. 

When the fleets had come as far as the Isle of 
Wight, ours had grown daily because of the many 
ships and men which came to it from all sides ; 
where there was another fight, which continued 



' Le precedenti. 

* II maggior albero. Cf. ante, p 135. 

' Una nave carrica di munilionc di gucm. Cf, ant(, p. 56, 




* DEFEAT orrnt- 



several hours, wherein our men more certainly per- 
ceived that the Spanish army wished not to fight, 
and held themselves straitly to defence, with no 
other intention than to arrive at the place appointed 
for them. During the whole voyage the wind was 
favourable for them, so as, notwithstanding the stay 
caused by the bickerings and by divers calms, they 
arrived on the evening of the 27th of the aforesaid 
month, by our account, off the port of the town of 
Calais in France, where they anchored toward Dun- 
kirk, from whence they expected the succour of the 
Duke of Parma his forces. Our lleet likewise an- 
chored opposite to them, and the same evening were 
joined by other ships, to the number of 20, which 
had been guarding the mouth of Thames ; so as the 
number of them amounted to near 140 sails. On 
the 28th of the said month, being Sunday, there was 
held a consultation in what manner the enemy's fleet 
might be moved from their place, and would be 
fought withal. It was resolved to prepare certain 
ships with fireworks, and to endeavour to burn them 
in the road, or to force them to put to the seas, 
thereby to fight with them. To this end six ships 
were made ready, and two hours after midnight, the 
tide and wind being favourable, they drew as near 
the enemy as they could, where they were fired : 
which was no sooner seen by the enemy, than they 
were seized with such great alarm as suddenly they 
cut all their cables; in which confusion, the chief of 
the four galleasses became entangled among certain 
other ships by her rudder, and was driven by the 
current on to the shoals which are before the port of 
Calais, where she was followed by our pinnaces and 
barks, and was fought withal and overcome. Many 
Spaniards were there slain by the sword, and many 
were thrown overboard and drowned, but some 
were saved by swimming into j fafi j iaven of Calais. 



SPAN/SH ARAfADA 



207 



The captain-general, Don Hugo de Moncada, was 
likewise slain. Then was everything movable 
taken away, and such part of the King's treasure as 
was therein. The ship rested without value, which 
our men would have burnt it, if the governor of 
Calais had not prevented them, alleging the hurt it 
should cause to the town.' 

Meanwhile, in the early morning our fleet 
assailed the enemy, which had put to sea, as afore- 
said, in disorder, but had afterward arranged them- 
selves in their usual- order of fight There were 
made several very hot charges, and a great quantity 
of ordnance was fired on one side and on the 
other. Our fleet had the wind throughout, and 
gave always occasion to the enemy to open out and 
to fight : but they chose rather to be followed and 
to bear away, as well from Calais as from Dunkirk, 
than to open out and permit the fight to become 
general, so as it was not convenient to attack them 
thus together and in close order, for that our ships, 
being of smaller size, would have had much dis-| 
advantage ; but in the continued assaults whichj 
they gave on them without entering, they made 
them to feel our ordnance ; and if any ship was 
beaten out of their fleet, she was surrounded and 
suddenly separated from the rest. Amongst which, 
two galleons of Portugal, called the San Felipe and 
the San Mateo, were dispersed and so spoiled as, 
being unable to follow their fleet, and being almost 
full of water, they both fell the next day into the 
hands of our men, who conducted them to Flushing. 
having found [few] of their men living, who were all 



' Allegando il pregi'iditio del suo porto. This is repeated in 
almost the same words in Purchas His Piigiimes, iv. 1908. 

* Wynier says {anle, p. 10) in 'a half moon,' which, therefore, 
Palavicino understood to be their 'usual' order. This agrees 
with Pine's illustrations. 



wB 



DEFEAT OF THE 



made pHsooers. tt^iether with Don Diego de Pi- 
meniel. maestro de campo of the regiment of Sicilia, 
with divers gentlemen of qualitj'. There was also 
therein a part of the King's treasure, which was 
sacked by the soldiers- In this same fight a great 
Btscayan ship was likewise dispersed from the fleet 
and sunk. There were also sunk two or three 
other ships of the enemy, so as they lost in that 
fight, besides the galleass, five or six great ships, 
and were pursued ten or twelve leagues beyond 
Dunkirk, being sorely beaten by our ordnance. 

The next day they were driven farther, because, 
the same wind continuing to blow, they never en- 
deavoured to force their way back, notwithstanding 
that they were not assailed. 

On the next day. being the 31st. and also on 
the 1st of August, they had the same wind, but 
stronger. Then the enemy resolved to set all their 
sails, and by fleeing from the combat to secure 
their safety by flight. Nevertheless, for that it was 
doubted they might bear for Scotland, they were 
followed by our fleet not more than a cannon-shot 
off ; which continued till the evening of Friday, the 
and of August, when the fleets were thwart of 
Berwick,' where the enemy clearly showed their 
intention to hold another course, drawing north- 
wards toward Norway, leaving Scotland on the left 
hand, and thus incurring the danger of a long navi- 
gation ; wherein, because it would not have been 
prudent for our fleet to follow them in their peril, it 
returned home to the port of Harwich ; which 
resolution was approved by the success, for that on 
the next Sunday, being the 4th of the month, there 
arose a great storm, which continued forty hours, the 
effects of which on the enemy's fleet as yet we know 

' Essendo le armate pcrvenule sin nel mare fra 1' Inghilterra e 
la Srotia. Cf tinU, p. 64. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



209 



not, but it is probable that they are dispersed and 
have suffered a great deal. 

To conclude : the enemy, without having at- 
tempted anything, have lost 11 or 12 of their best 
ships, that we know of; four to tive thousand men ; 
three parts of the King's treasure, which was 
divided amongst five vessels ; are reduced to great 
extremity, not having a drop of water nor much 
victual, and very many sick, as all the prisoners 
report ; so as there is every appearance that very 
few of either ships or men will return into Spain. 



NOTE OF CERTAIN PLUNDER. 

[OOXT. 78. — Endorsed :— A note of the apparel taken by Captain 
Cely from the Spanish prisoners in Bridewell] 

Of Doctor Gongora : a girdle and a pair of 
hangers' embroidered with gold and silver. 

Of the ancient bearer Luis de Ribera : a blue 
cloak of rash,- with a gold lace round about it ; a 
pair breeches of murrey tinsel of silk, with a gold 
lace; and a buff jerkin, laid over likewise with gold 
lace. 

Of the sergeant Pelegrin : a pair of blue velvet 
hose, with a gold and silver lace ; and a jerkin of 
wrought velvet, lined with taffety. 

Of the sergeant Marcos de Biber : a jerkin of 
rash, lined with green taffety ; a pair of breeches 
of blue satin, laid with a gold lace ; with a cloak of 
rash, with a gold lace round about it. 

' Sword slings. 

' Rash is differently described as a smooth cloth, a coarse 
serge, and a glossy silk fabric. It would seem heie Co mean the 
clolh. 

VOL. II. i 



210 DEFEAT OF THE 

Of Don Sancho Pardo ^ : a pair of breeches of 
yellow satin, drawn out with cloth of silver. 

Of the ancient bearer Cristobal de Leon : a 
leather jerkin, perfumed with amber, and laid over 
with a gold and silver lace. 

Of Alonso de la Serna- : a coloured cloak, with 
a gold lace round about it ; a pair of breeches of 
cloth of gold ; a jerkin, embroidered with flowers, 
and laid over with a gold lace. 

Of Diego de Carmona ; a pair of breeches of 
cloth of gold, laid over with three gold laces. 

Of Juan Becerill : a pair of black wrought velvet 
breeches. 

Of the ancient bearer Bermudo : a cloak man- 
dillion^; and breeches of rash, laid over all with 
gold lace ; and a blue stitched taffety hat, with a 
silver band and a plume of feathers. 

Of Santiago : a pair of black velvet breeches. 

Of Mateo de Fries : a pair of black satin 
breeches 

BOOK OF CHARGES. 

[ccxT. 88.— Signed.] 

Portsmouth. — A book mentioning such charges 
as were required to the setting forth of certain ships* 

' This can scarcely be Sancho Pardo Osorio (Duro, ii. 1S9, 
191), a man of too high rank to have been consigned to BrideweU. 
Possibly the Alferez Sancho de Paredes {i&. ii. 73), 

* Duro, ii, 75. 

* Mandlllion = mantle ; ' a doak mandillion ' would seem to 
be a large doak. So Chapman, Iliads, x. 120 : 

'About him a mandillion . . . 
Of purple, large and full of folds, curled with a warmful nap, 
A garment that 'gainst cold in nights did soldiers use to wrap.' 

' As these ships were still at Portsmouth on July 29 and later 
— the flyboal on August 11 — they had no active part in the 
campaign. Except the Drsj^on, they were all discharged as soon 



SPANISH ARMADA 211 

in her Majesty's service, when the Spanish fleet was 
upon our coast. 

Abstract. 

[The charges, certified by the Earl of Sussex, are for 
victuals and stores for the : 

Dragon, of the Earl of Cumberland's. Mr, John Winck- 
field captain, William Maddocke master gunner, Morris 
Jones boatswain, 106/. i/j. 6a'. ; an^ include beef at 
I3J-. 4rf. the hundred ; beer, 32J, the tun ; other beer at 
28j. ; dry fish at I2J. the hundred ; large bank fish at 36J. 
the hundred ; biscuit at 6j, %d. the hundred ; a quille of 
ropes weighing 35 lbs., at 23J, the hundred ; ' four hundred 
of bricks, to make up the Dragon's hearth and back, at l^d. 
the hundred.' 

L •■ d. 

Scout 5911 

Flyboat, Thomas Clyfle captain . 12 iS 6 

Blessing 9311 

Gift of God of Lowestoft . . . 10 5 8 

Summa totalis of the charge of the 

whole book is .... 144 15 6] 

These victuals were delivered by John Jennens 
of Portsmouth, for the victualling of 4 ships sent to 
the Lord Admiral by the Earl of Sussex. 

Sussex. 



SepUmber ^—HAIVKYNS TO BURGHLEY. 
[coxri. 3.— Holograph. Addressed : — For her Majesty's affairs.] 

Right Honourable my very good Lord : — At 
this instant all her Majesty's ships arrived and met 
together in the Downs, Sir W. Wynter and I gave 
order to know what company of men were left in the 
ships ; and there was notice brought unto us from 

tbey joined ihe fieet (see ante, p. 195); and us the book is 
it seems unnecessary to print it in detail. 



212 DEFEAT OF THE 

every ship of their companies they had at this 
present,' which I note to your Lordship herewith ; 
and this is the first hour that there was any mean to 
do any thing in this matter. 

At Chatham : 



The Elizabeth Jonas 


The Mary Rose 


160 


Triumph . 


• 325 


Bonaventure 


200 


Bear 


. 260 


Lion 


180 


Victory . 


. 250 


Revenge 


176 


Ark 


■ 274 


Nonpareil 


180 






Hope . 


250 




Narrow Seas : 




The Vanguard 


. 250 


The Tramontana 


70 


Rainbow . 


. 230 


Moon 


40 


Dreadnought 


. 150 


Charles . 


35 


Swiftsure 


. 120 


Spy . 


35 


Antelope . 


. 160 


Advice . 


26 


Swallow . 


■ '25 


Merlin . 


35 


Foresight 


. no 


Galley . 


250 


Aid. 


. 120 


Brigandine 


36 


Bull 


. 96 


White Lion 


50 


Tiger . 


. 90 


Disdain 


30 


Scout 


- 70 


Fancy . 


20 


Achates . 


. 60 







These be the ships that remain in her Majesty's 
pay. and this is the company they have at this instant, 
■which are in all 4,453. The companies do fall sick 
daily. It is not fit for me to persuade in so great a 
cause ; but I see no reason to doubt the Spanish 
fleet, and our ships utterly unfitted and unmeet to 

' A comparison of the numbers here shown with the com- 
plements of the several ships — t.g.. Triumph 500, Bear 500— 
would seem 10 give a measure of the fearful sickness and mortality. 

' So in MS, The correct sum is 4,463. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



213 



follow any enterprise from hence without a thorough 
new trimming, refreshing and new furnishing with 
provisions, grounding and fresh men ; and so, with 
all duty, I humbly take my leave. From aboard the 
Ark, in the Downs, the 4th of September, 1588. 
Your Honour's most bounden, 

John Hawkyns. 

I have no time to write to my Lord Admiral. 
Your Lordship may satisfy him at your pleasure. 



September 6.— HAWKYNS TO WALSVNGHAM. 
[eoxvi. 4. — Holograph. Addressed : — For her Majesty's service,] 

I do send your Honour the book which I received 
from your Honour for the coast ships. There are 
many more besides these, whereof I think to be able 
to give a reason for at my coming to the Court, which 
are also to be considered with pay from the country 
or from her Majesty ; but that is a long matter, and 
will require mine own presence. 

My Lord Treasurer, I understand, hath not been 
pleased for that I could not send his Lordship the 
certain number of such men as were in her Majesty's 
pay. The truth is the weather was such, and so 
cruel, as I could not ferry from ship to ship a long 
time ; and the fleet was dispersed, some at Dover, 
some at Margate, and some to seek out the great 
Spaniard upon the coast of France ; but now, 
the 4th of September, all the fleet met in the Downs, 
and presently, within two hours, I sent my Lord a 
perfect note, which was near about 4,300 men that 
remained in pay. 

I would to God I were delivered of the dealing 
for money, and then I doubt not but 1 should as well 
deserve and continue my Lord's good liking as any 



DEFEAT OF THE 

but r 



214 



man of my sort ; but now I know I shall never please 
his Lordship two months together, for which I am 
very sorry, for I am sure no man hving hath taken 
more pain nor been more careful to obtain and con- 
tinue his Lordship's good Uking and favour towards 
him than I have been. My pain and misery in this 
service is infinite. Every man would have his turn 
served, though very unreasonable ; yet if it be 
refused, then, adieu friendship. i yield to many 
things more than there is whereof, and yet it will not 
satisfy many. God, I trust, will deliver me of it ere 
it be long, for there is no other hell. I devise to 
ease charge and shorten what I can, for which I am 
in a general misHking ; but my Lord Treasurer 
thinketh I do little, but I assure your Honour I 
am seldom idle. 

I marvel we doubt the Spaniards. Surely there 
can be no cause ; and we put our ships in great 
peril, for they are unfitted of many things, and 
unmeet for service till they pass a new furnish- 
ing, both of men, grounding, and reforming of a 
world ^ of provisions, as it will be felt when we shall 
set forth again. The discourse which I wrote your 
Honour in December last- must take effect, and so 
her Majesty's charge shall cease, the coast of Spain 
and all his traffics impeached and afflicted, and our 
people set awork contented and satisfied in con- 
science ; and there is no other way to avoid the 
miser)' that daily groweth among our people. And 
so, being ever fatigated ^ with a number of troubles, 1 
humbly take my leave. From the Downs, aboard the 
Victory, the 5th of September. 1588. 

Your Honour's ever assured and bounden, 

John Hawkyns. 

' MS. worelld. 

' S.P. Dom. Elis. ccvi. 61. He repeated it on Febniary i ; 
see vol. i. p. 58. 

* MS. fattygatyd : fatigued, wearied. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



Septemher 8.— TOM SON 'S S TA TEMENT. 

[oczvi. 9. — Holograph, Endorsed : — The speech that passed 
between D. Pedro de Valdes and Ri. Tomson.] 

I certified Don Pedro de Valdes that the Lords 
of the Council were, of their honourable inclinations, 
intended to take some favourable course for the 
releasing of the soldiers and mariners taken in his 
ship, by way of ransom, so far forth as he could 
procure some means for the levying of such sum of 
money as the same should arise unto, either by his 
letter to the Prince of Parma or any other his friends 
in the Low Countries, from whence the said ransom 
might be the most soonest provided. 

Don Pedro, with the rest of the prisoners, 
seemed to be very glad that their Honours did 
vouchsafe them that favour, adding thai it was a 
clemency sufficient to mollify the hardest heart of 
any enemy ; that the news was as joyful unto them 
as if it had been tidings of their own liberty, in 
respect that the said poor people were raised by 
them and were their neighbours, and came in this 
employment for the love and zeal that they Ixire 
unto them ; for that if they should perish by long 
imprisonment or other want, it would be unto them 
more grievous than all other accidents that might 
happen to themselves. And said that they hoped, 
as their Honours had been moved to show them 
this courtesy, and the poor people this pity, so their 
Honours would consider that they are very poor 
men serving the King for four, six, and eight crowns 
a month, and that according to the same their 
Honours would appoint the ransom. 

I answered that your Honours, .ls you were moved 
in charity to release them, so you did not mind to 



3l6 



DEFEAT OF THE 



Impose upon the poorer sort anything that should 
seem over burdenous. Notwithstanding as your 
pleasures was to let go the inferior sort for a month's 
pay or something more in respect of their charges, 
so likewise your Honours were determined to make 
a difference between the meaner sort and such as 
were officers that had a larger pension of the King, 
and they should be dealt withal according to their 
ways and calling. And further, that some such as 
were found to be of quality and well friended in 
Spain should be detained, and exchanged for others 
her Majesty's subjects in prison and in the galleys 
of Spain, or else released for sums answerable to 
their vocations. 

They confessed that there were amongst them 
that had 15, 12, and 10 crowns a month, and that if 
such were limited according to their entertainment, 
it were but reEison. And for any other that your 
Honours thought expedient to have detained in 
exchange of Englishmen in Spain, the cause is both 
reasonable and just. 

They all desire your Honours to continue this 
favourable mind to their poor men, of whose misery 
they stand in great doubt if they should remain in 
prison until the cold of the winter approacheth : 
and say thai in having answer from your Honours 
what number shall be released, and for what sum, 
that then, your Honours giving leave, they will 
write to the Prince of Parma or the Spanish ambas- 
sador in France for the provision of the money ; 
and say that if it may stand with your Honours' 
pleasure to permit a prisoner to go with the said 
letters to solicit the matter, it should be a great 
furtherance for the speedy despatch thereof, as also 
to procure that shipping may be sent from thence to 
carry the said poor men into Spain. And this is the 
effect of so much as 1 have dealt with the said Don 



SPANISH ARMADA 



217 



Pedro and his company. At Esher, Sunday, the 
8th of September, 1588. 

Your Honours' according to duty, 

Richard Tomson. 



September Z.— DON PEDRO DE VALDES TO 
WALSYNGHAM. 

[ooxTi. 10. — Englished.] 

There hath been with me, in the name of the 
Lords of her Majesty's Privy Council, Richard 
Tomson, to inform me of the favours which her 
Majesty is pleased to extend to the prisoners that 
came in the ship whereof 1 had charge ; that is, that 
they shall be delivered for one month's ransom 
apiece, according to the rate of their several pay. 
And for that 1 do perceive that this good work 
Cometh chiefly by your Honour's procure, for the 
which I humbly thank you as for a singular favour ; 
and to the end that the matter may be brought to 
effect with such speed as is requisite, I think it 
would be necessary that there were some one sent 
to the Duke of Parma with my letters of credit, to 
deal for the said ransom and for shipping for trans- 
portation of the prisoners into Spain. And because 
your Honour hath been the worker of that which is 
begun, I beseech [you '] also to be a means to their 
Lordships to accept my word that the party to be 
sent shaJ! return with safety, within the time to be 
limited, if God dispose not otherwise of him. And 
so, hoping that your Honour will in this continue 
your good favours towards us. I pray God &c. 
Esher, the 8th of September, 1588. 
' Omitled in MS. 



DEFEAT OF THE 



September 10.—S/R }. POPHAM TO BURGHLEY. 
[Ireland, C£xxvi. 34. — Holograph. Addressed.] 

My duty unto your Lordship most humbly 
remembered : — For that it is taken to be of import- 
ance here to certify unto your Lordship and thp 
rest of the Lords what hath happened here, by the 
arrival of sundry of the ships of the Spanish fleet on 
the north-west coast of this realm, with all expedition, 
the Lord Chief Justice Anderson and others here 
thought it best to despatch away a servant of mine, 
this bearer, with the same in one of the barks stayed 
here for the Chief Justice's return into England. 
The advertisements are, that on Thursday last, and 
sithence that time, there arrived first a bark, which 
wrecked at the Bay of Tralee. another great ship 
being also now near that place ; after that, two 

§reat ships and one frigate at the Blaskets in the 
ound there ; seven other sail in the Shannon, by 
Karryg-ni-Cowly,' whereof two are taken to be of a 
thousand tons apiece, two more of 400 tons the piece, 
and three small barks ; at the Lupus Head ^ four great 
ships, and toward the Bay of Galway four great ships 
more. It is thought that the rest of that fleet 
wherein the Duke was, which were severed by a 
late tempest, are also about some other part of this 
land. Before they were last severed, it seemeth, by 
the Spaniards taken, there were not passing 70 sail 
left. The people in these parts are for the most 
part dangerously affected towards the Spaniards, but 
thanks be to God that their power, by her Majesty's 
good means, is shorter than it hath been, and that 
the Spaniards' forces are so much weakened as they 
are, whereby there is no great doubt had here of 

' Probably Carrigaholi. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



219 



any hurt that may grow thereby, although they use 
all the diligence and provision they may to provide 
for and prevent the worst of it. 

[The rest of the letter refers to Irish business.] 



.September \2.~EXAM1NATI0NS' OF SPANISH 
PRISONERS. 

[ocxvi, 17, — Englished. Endorsed t — The examinations of the 
Spaniards and Portingals sent from Dingle-i -couch. Other 
copies of these examinations are enclosures in Ireland, cxxxvi. 
41, 42, and 43.] 

The examination of Emanuel Fremoso,* 
a Portingal. 
He saith he was in the ship called St. John, of 
the Port^ of Portugal, of one thousand one hundred 
tons, in which Don Martinez de Recalde is admiral 
of the whole fleet, and is next under the Duke, 
which is genera] ; jn which ship, at her coming forth, 
there were 800 soldiers ; and for mariners, 60 
Portugals and 40 Biscayans. This is the greatest 
ship of the whole navy. He saith they were in 
all, at their coming forth, 135 sail, whereof some 
were galleasses, some galleys, and 9 of them were 

' Interesting as these examinations are, it is very easy to ex- 
aggerate their importance. In reading them, it should be re- 
membered — first, that the men were common seamen, without any 
opportunity of knowing the things they deposed to ; second, lliat 
they were half dead with cold and hunger and half mad with 
terror, expecting that death which fell on most of them, and ready 
to say anything which they thought might be pleasant 10 their 
captors ; and third, that the interpreter, David Gwynn, was proved 
to be a liar and a scoundrel (see post, October 18, 19}, and very 
probably did not know Spanish or Portuguese so well as he pre- 
tended. 

' The rume ii differenily written— Fernnnys, Fcrmoys, and 
^ Oporto. 



DEFEAT OF THE 



victuallers. They came from the Groyne on the 
I5lh day' next after midsummer last past, by their 
account. He saith they were directed to the Duke 
of Parma, and by him to be employed for England 
at such time as Parma should appoint. 

He saith, after their departure from the Groyne 
about 8 days, the fleet came to the Lizard. He 
saith, about that place the general strake sail, where- 
upon they all strake sail all night, and the next 
morning they saw the English fleet, whereupon they 
hoisted their sails. He saith they were before 
informed that the EngHsh fleet was in Plymouth 
and Dartmouth. He sajih, on the north-east of the 
Lizard the first fight began between the fleets, and 
in that fight their ship lost 15 men. He saith that 
there were other fights in a four or five days 
after, along the coasts, in which the ship this 
examinate was in lost 25 men. What were lost in 
those fights out of the other ships he cannot tell. 
And in those fights they lost two ships : the one 
in which Don Pedro was, and another, that was 
burned. 

They anchored at Calais, expecting the Duke of 
Parma ; where, through the firing of the English 
ships, they were driven to leave their anchors, and 
to depart ; so as each of the ships lost two anchors 
at that place. The next morning the fight began 
about eight of the clock in the morning, and con- 
tinued eight hours along the channel to the north ; 
all which time the English fleet pursued the Spanish 
fleet, in such sort as if they had offered to board the 
Spanish fleet, he saw their admiral so fearful, he 
thinketh they had all yielded. 

He saith that in the same fight the Spanish 
fleet lost one galleass, which ran ashore about 



' This absurd dale, which appeals i: 
likely a blunder of the interpreter's. 



all the copies, is very 



SPANISH ARMADA 



Calais ; two galleons of Lisbon, wiilch were sunk, 
and one Biscay ship sunk, of between four and five 
hundred tons, and one other ship sunk also. After 
which fight the general took account of the whole 
navy, and found that there were left 1 20 sail of the 
whole fleet, as was delivered by those that came from 
the top ; but of his own sight he saw not passing 
four score and five sail, or thereabouts ; but what 
was become of the rest he cannot tell. 

He saith that there were also in that fight three 
great Venetian ships which were in danger of sinking, 
being sore beaten and shot through in many places, 
but were for that time holpen by the carpenters ; 
and, as he hath heard, for that they were not able to 
keep the seas, took themselves towards the east' of 
Flanders, but what is become of them he cannot tell. 
He saith they were pursued by some of the English 
fleet about five days after this fight, northward, out 
of the sight of any land, and, as he thinketh, off the 
north part of Scotland, 

He saith that about four days next after the 
English fleet left them, the whole fleet remaining 
being towards 120 sail, as it was said, came to an 
island, as he thinketh, off the north part of Scotland, 
where they staid not nor had any relief; but at this 
place the general called all the ships together, giving 
them in charge that they should with the best they 
could haste themselves to the first place they could 
get to of the coast of Spain or Portugal ; for that 
they were in such great distress through the great 
want of victuals. And otherwise he saith they came 
forth the worst furnished thereof, for that they 
expected to be relieved of those things more amply 
by the Duke of Parma 

He sallh that out of this ship there died four or 
five every day of hunger and thirst, and yet this 

' So in MSS. It would seem to be in error for ' coast.' 



DEFEAT OF THE 



ship was one that was best furnished for victuals ; 
which he knoweth. for out of four of the other ships, 
some people were sent to be reheved in this ship. 

After this, for a ten days, the whole fleet re- 
maining held together, holding their course the best 
they could towards Spain. He saith that at the same 
time, which is now about 20 days or more past, they 
were severed by a great storm, which held from four 
of the clock in the afternoon of one day to ten of 
the clock in the morning of the next day, in which 
storm the admiral came away with 27 sail, and that 
one of them was a galleass of 28 oars a-side. What 
is become of the rest of the navy, he cannot tell. 
He saith, also, that about ten days past they had 
another great storm with a mist, by which storm 
they were again severed, so as of these 27 sail there 
came into the coast of Dingle-i-couch but the admiral,' 
another ship of 400 ton, and a bark about 40 ton ; 
and what is become of the rest of those 27 sail he 
knows not, but of one great hulk of 400 ton, which 
was so spoiled as she cast towards the shore about 
20 leagues from Dingle-i-couch. He knoweth not 
who was captain of this hulk. 

He saith that, of all sorts, there be now remaining 
in the admiral ' near about 500 men, of which there 
be 25 Basques^ and 40 Portingals which are mariners ; 
the master being very sick, and one of the pilots. 
He saith there be 800 soldiers and 20 of the mariners 
in the admiral very sick, and do lie down and die 
daily, and the rest, he saith, be all very weak, and 
the captain very sick and weak. 

He saith this admiral ^ hath in her 54 brass pieces 
and about 800 quintals of powder. 

He saith they were so near the coast before they 

' It will be remembered that the word 'admiral' means either 
the man or his ship : here it is the ship. 
* MS. Biskes, Biskerns. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



223 



found it, that by means of the strong westerly wind 
they were not able to double out from it. There is 
in this admiral left but 25 pipes of wine, and very 
little bread ; and no water, but what they brought 
out of Spain, which stinketh marvellously ; and iheir 
flesh meat they cannot eat, their drouth ' Is so great. 
He saith no part of the navy, to his knowledge, ever 
touched upon any land, until such time as they came 
to this coast at Dingle-i-couch ^ ; nor hath had any 
water, victual, or other relief, from any coast or place 
sithence the English fleet left them. 

He saith that when they lay before Calais there 
came a pinnace to their fleet from the Duke of 
Parma, who told them the Uuke could not be ready 
for them until the Friday following ; but by reason of 
this fight of the English fleet with them they were 
not able to tarry there so long. 

He saith that the admirafs purpose is, upon the 
first wind that serveth, to pass away for Spain. 
He saith also that it is a common bruit among 
the soldiers, if they may once get home again, they 
will not meddle again with the English. He saith 
there be of principal men in the admiral, Don John 
de Luna,^ a Spaniard, which is chief captain of the 
soldiers of that ship ; Don Gomes, a Spaniard, 
another captain ; Don Sebastian, a Portingal gentle- 
man, an adventurer, and a marquis, an Italian, 
who is also an adventurer ; and another Portingal, 
whom he knoweth not ; but that they are principal 
men, that had crosses on their garments. Other 
mean gentlemen there be also in the said ship. He 
saith all the soldiers in this ship were Spaniards. 

' MS. druih : thirst 

' The old Irish name is given as Dangean-ni-Cushey, which is 
frequenily transformed in these papers into Dengenechoush, in 
various spellings. The modern name is commonly shortened to 
Dingle. ^ Duto, ii. 39. 



224 



DEFEAT OF THE 



He saith there are in the small bark that is with 
them about 25 persons. How many are in the hulk 
that is there, he knoweth not. 

He saith he thinketh that the Duke is passed 
towards Spain, for that he was seen 12 leagues more 
westerly than the admiral was in the last storm. 
He saith that the great galleon, which came from 
the Duke of Florence, was never seen sithence they 
were in the fight at Calais. He saith the people of 
the galleass were most spoiled by the English fleet. 

Emanuel Francisco examined, saith in all things 
as the former examinate till the fight at Calais ; in 
which fight he saith he knoweth there was left a 
galleass, that ran ashore at Calais ; two galleons of 
the King's, the one called St. Philip of the Brando, 
the other called St. Matthew, of 800. a Biscay ship 
of about 500, and a Castile ship of about 400, all 
sunk. 

This he knoweth for that some of the men of 
those ships were divided into the admiral's ship, in 
which this examinate was. 

He saith after this fight ended, it was delivered 
by him at the top that there was 1 20 sail left of the 
Spanish fleet, and saith that those were very sore 
beaten, and the admiral was many times shot through ; 
and are shot in their mast, and their deck at the prow 
spoiled : and doth confess that they were in great 
fear of the English fleet, and doubted much of board- 
ing. He saith the admiral's mast is so weak, by 
reason of the shot in it, as they dare not abide any 
storm, nor to bear such sail as otherwise he might do ; 
and for the rest, he agreeth in everything with the 
former examinate, saving he saw not, nor understood 
not, of any pinnace that came from the Parma, nor 
remember that he saw above 20 sail with the admiral 
after the first storm ; and saith that those in the 



SPANISH ARMADA 



25 



ship that he is in do say that they will go into the 
ground sooner than they will come such a journey 
again for England ; and saith the best that be in the 
admiral's ship are scarce able to stand ; and that if 
they tarry where they are any time they will all 
perish, as he thinketh. And for himself, he would 
not pass into Portugal again if he might choose, for 
that he would not be constrained to such another 
journey. 

John de Licornio, of Lekyte ' in Biscay, mariner, 
saith he was in the ship that the admiral is in ; and 
that he toM ^ the navy after the fight ended at Calais, 
and that there were then remaining not passing 1 10 
or 1 1 2 of the whole Spanish fleet left ; and saith that 
a leak ^ fell upon one of the galleasses about 1 5 days 
past, which he taketh to be fallen upon the north 
coast of this land. 

He saith he doth not remember that there [were] 
above 20 sail left in the company of the admiral 
after the first great storm which fell on them, about 
30 days sithence. He saith the Duke did give 
them express commandment that they should not go 
in any place on land without his order. 

He confesseth the navy that remained after the 
last fight were marvellously beaten and shot through. 
and the tackle much cut and spoiled with the shot ; 
and for the rest of the matters, he agreeth with the 
former examinate in every point in effect, and saith 
there was an English pilot with the Duke, 

He saith that the Scot that is taken was taken 
in the north part, after the English fleet parted from 
them, in a ship of 500 ton (in which was about 12'' 
men), which the fleet hath carried with them, both 
the ship and people. Six of the Scots were aboard 
' Lequeitio. ' Counted. 



326 DEFEAT OF THE 

the admiral, whereof one is he thai is taken. He 
saith, after the English fleet parted from them, the 
Spanish fleet cast out all their horses and mules into 
the sea, to save their water ; ' which were carried in 
certain hulks provided for that purpose. 

Pic-r o Carr,^ a Fleming, examined the loth of 
September. 1 588. Examined from what port in Spain 
he came, he saith from Lisbon, and that there came at 
the same lime therehence 133 ships, wherein he saith 
there were two and twenty thousand soldiers, besides 
mariners, whose certain number he knoweth not. 
The general of the army, he saith, is the Duke of 
Medina Sidonia, and that they were all bound to- 
wards the Prince of Parma ; and after his forces 
taken in, they meant to come for England. In their 
way they met with the Queen's fleet and navy near 
Plymouth, who pursued them to the coast of Scot- 
land, where the English fleet returned from them ; 
and lliey being then about one hundred and eighteen 
ships, and not knowing at that time in what part 
they were. Of the ships then left, there were two 
Veneti;ins of 11 or 1 3 hundred tons apiece ; and 9 
other ships about 900 or i.ooo tons apiece ; 16 ships 
out (if Sicily, of 600 or 700 tons apiece ; the rest, in 
l>nrticular, he cannot recite. Of the ship that he 
WRH in, called St. John, a galleon, 900 tons, whereof 
is captain John Martinez de Recalde, vice-admiral 
of 30 ships, next in government unto the Duke, 
in which ship was 500 soldiers. There are two 
1' hundred dead : twenty slain in the fight with 
I the Queen's shi|w. the rest dead of the sickness. 
'What is lost by the rest of the ships he knoweth 
not. 

Twenty days ance he departed with 12 ships 
more tmm the Duke, he having with him about 
' SOftbo Duro, ii. >£(k ' So in HSS. 



SPANISH ARMADA 227 

46 ships, from the which they were severed by 
tempest. 

They lost the Duke upon the coast of Norway, 
and they were wind driven upon this coast, their 
ships being much spoiled with the EngHsh fleet. 
The Duke, he saith, by this time is In Spain, unless 
he be taken on the seas ; and ever after his departure 
from the English fleet intended to go back to Spain, 
being frighted and dismayed. 

How many ships are lost he do not certainly 
know, but he verily thinketh that half the number 
of people do not return that came out in this 
army. 

One galleass was lost at Calais, wherein was fifty ' 
rowers and a great number of soldiers. There was 
slain Don Francisco Pacheco, master of the camp. 
Don Pedro de Valdes, a man of great account with 
the King, was taken with the ship, being of very 
great burden. Who else are taken or lost, he 
knoweth not. His coming this way was to seek 
Cape Clear, therehence to make into Spain. 

They never heard from the Prince of Parma, 
nor ever had any favour or intelligence from any 
since their coming from Spain, to his know- 
ledge. 

In the ship that he came in thither, besides the 
vice-admiral before named, there are five captains, 
Don John Luna, Don Gomes de Galanayar," Don 
Pedro de Manrique. the Count of Paredes, Don 
Felice. There is also there an Italian marquis of 
Piedmont, called the Marquis of Farnara.* 

' Gwynn ought to have known belter than this. What was 
said was, no doubt, fifty oars. 

' Carvajal (Dure, ii. 333) : r and 1 are frequently interchanged ; 
and the confusion between u and n is still common. 

' Garres {ib. ii. 66), where he is styled rwnai/c— brother-in-law 
fjhe Duke of Savoy ; but the Duke had no legitimate sister, 
s married to the daughter, of the King of Spain. 



DEFEAT OF THE 



In the other ship at the Dengeti.' being 600 or 
700 tons, who are in her he knoweth not. 

The third hath but 40 men in her, and is about 
40 tons. 

They have bread sufficient ; their beef is corrupt ; 
water they want ; many of them are sick. 

Re-examined the 12th of September, 1588, he 
saith the navy of the Spaniards were so far north as 
unto sixty-two degrees. He saith, also, that the 
admiral, after such time as the fight was at Calais, 
came not out of his bed till this day sennight, in the 
morning that they came upon this shore. 

He saith this admiral is of Biscay, either of 
Bilbao or Laredo, and of 62 years of age, and a 
man of service. He saith that there were in this 
navy, of old soldiers of Naples, under the conduc- 
tion of Don Alonso de Sono.-'andof the old soldiers 
of Sicilia, under the conduction of Don Diego de 
Pimentel," whose ship was lost at Calais. There 
was also Don Alonso de Leyva, master of the camp, 
of the chivalry of Milan. He saith there Is a 
bastard son of King Philip, called the Prince of 
Ascoli in Italy, in ship with the Duke. This Prince 
passed from them in a pinnace about Calais. 



' Dingle. 






' MS. Fearoentela. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



Septemberi2.^HAlVKYNS TO BURGHLEY. 
[ooxri. 18.— Signed. Addressed.] 

My bounden duty humbly remembered unto 
your good Lordship : — 1 do send unto my Lord 
Admiral an estimate of such money as is now to be 
had for a full discharge of her Majesty's army. 
And because your Lordship may be the better 
satisfied of every demand, 1 do set down particulars 
to maintain them in the same book following, 

1. The first demand, and the speciallest, is for a 
month's wages, from the 28lh of July to the 25th of 
August, which was not demanded in the estimate 
sent from Plymouth of the 19,000 pounds which 
your Lordship hath paid. 

2. The second is for the wages of 2,951 men 
that have now served in her Majesty's ships from 
the 25th of August to the 15th of September; 
besides the Hope, which was appointed to serve in 
the Narrow Seas, and is now returned to Queen- 
borough. 

3. The third is for conduct in discharge, which 
hitherto hath not been demanded ; whereof there 
can be set down no certainty before it be set out upon 
the sea-books. But I am sure the demand is far 
under that which it will grow into, but with time 
your Lordship shall know it more certainly. 

4. The fourth is for the tonnage of the ships 
that served westward, under the charge- of Sir 
Francis Drake, knight, the particulars whereof ap- 
peareth in the estimate No, 4. 

5. The fifth is for an increase of pay to be made 
to preachers, lieutenants, and corporals, whereof the 
estimate doth show to what ships they are allowed 
particularly, in the No of 5 



230 



DEFEA T OF THE 



6. The sixth, and last, is for money appointed to 
be paid by my Lord Admiral to certain ships of the 
coast for the continuance of them in service, and to 
relieve their companies at their departing, which 
appeareth by particular in the estimate in No. 6. 

I have sent this estimate to my Lord Admiral, 
for his Lordship to confirm it under his hand, that 
it may be a warrant to your Lordship for the pay- 
ment of the money ; and have sent this bearer of 
purpose to attend upon your Lordship for order for 
payment of the same, humbly praying your good 
Lordship to help him to his despatch as soon as it 
may be ; and I will not fail in the meantime to ease 
her Majesty of the charge of the multitude, and put 
over the greater sums, that may abide sometime 
without loss to her Majesty. There were 7 or 8 
ships fired by my Lord Admiral's appointment, for 
the removing of the Spanish fleet out of the Calais 
road, for which the owners demand 5.000/., which 
may be considered of by some commissioners from 
your Lordship and my Lord Admiral, what their 
value might be. And so praying to God for your 
Lordships health and prosperity, I leave to trouble 
your Lordship. From Queenborough, aboard her 
Majesty's good ship the Victory, the 12th of Sep- 
tember, 1588. 

Your honoured Lordship's humbly to command, 
John Hawkvns. 

Since 1 wrote this letter, I understood by my 
servant Walter that your Lordship had paid 1,600 
pound, which your Lordship may abate in this 
demand. J. Hawkyns. 



SPANISH ARMADA 231 

[coxYL 18, 1. — Estimate No. 5, referred to in theforegoit^. The 
other estimates only repeat the names of ships, number of men 
and tonnage.] 



An increase of 


w£^es to 


preachers 


, lieutenants, 


corporals, and secretaries: — 


— 


Pmchm 




CorportU 




ftrmumtm 


ptrmm,em 


firmeiuan 


The Ark 


I at 3/. 


1 at 5CW. 


4 at 17 s. 6rf. 


Eliz. Jonas 


I at 4Ctf. 


I „ 


4 


Bear . . 


I at -tor. 


I „ 


4 


Triumph 


— 


I „ 


4 


Victory . 


— 


I „ 


4 


Rainbow 


1 at 40;. 


I ,, 


4 


Vanguard 


— 


I » 


4 


Lion . . 


I at 401. 


1 „ 


4 


Mary Rose . 


— 


I „ 


4 


Bonaventure . 


— 


I 1, 


4 


Nonpareil 


— 


1 „ 


4 


Hope . 


— 


I „ 


4 


Revenge 


I at 4ar. 


I „ 


4 


Dreadnought . 


— 


I „ 


2 ,. 


Swiftsure 


— 


I 


2 n 


Swallow . 


— 


I ^ 


2 .. 


Foresight 


— 


1 „ 


2 >, 


Antelope 


— 


I „ 


2 


Aid . . 


— 





2 „ 


Galleon 








Leicester . 


— 


I ,, 


2 ., 


6 


19 


66 



k 



An abstract. 

1 preacher at 3/. / 
5 preachers at 40?. 

19 lieutenants at $os. 
66 corporals at i ys. hd. 

2 secretaries at 301. 



r mensem. 



232 



DEFEAT OF THE 



All which, for the lime of their service, may 
amount unto, by estimation, over and above \os. per 
tnensetH allowed unto them by the ordinary medium, 

800/. 



Sept. \^.— THE CHARGES OF THE L YME SHIPS. 

[coxvi. 27.— Endorsed :^An abstract touching the charges of the 
ships set forth out of sundry ports, taken out of sundr>' letters 
written concerning the same.] 

Dorset — Lyme. Somerset — Chard. Devon — Ax- 
minster. 

Sir Robert Denys, for Devon. 

Being charged with a collection of 700/. for the 
setting forth of two ships, Axminster is taxed at a 
third peirt ; offer 140/., and desire the residue may 
be borne by the other two towns, for the reasons 
following : — 

That all the confining ' hundreds to them within 
his division have contributed towards the charge of 
1,300/. with Exon, the town and hundred of Ax- 
minster only being left untaxed, to contribute with 
Lyme. 

That the same are to bear a new charge of 240/. 
for 5 other barks set forth. 

That the county of Somerset hath been only 
chained with a small bark for this service, in which 
county Chard is. 

That the county of Dorset {wherein Lyme is) 
hath borne but little charge. 

Justices of Somerset. 
According to your Lordships' letters, they have 
yielded to contribute one third part of the said sum 

' Adjoining, neighbouring. 



SPANISH ARMADA 233 

of 700/., and desire they may not be further charged, 
in respect they have been burdened with the charge 
of 6,000/. or 7.000/. for the kte setting forth of the 
4,000 trained footmen and 300 horse ; and that they 
are to contribute, with other port towns in the said 
county, and namely to Bridgwater, for 447/. 1 5J. 6*/. 

Sir George Sydenham and George Trenchard, 
Esq., together, for Somerset and Dorset. 

They have yielded to contribute two third parts of 
the said charge, according to the direction of your 
Lordships' letters. 

In the behalf of the Mayor of Lyme, by 
petition. 

That if Axminster be exempted from con- 
tributing a third part, he having already disbursed 
the whole charge, seeth not how he shall be 
satisfied. These are his reasons why the same 
should not be exempted : — 

That it hath not been charged with any former 
contributions. 

That according to this assessment they are rated 
but at 2S. in the pound, and the said town of Lyme 
at ^s. 6d. 

George Trenchard, Esq., for Dorsetshire. 

That he hath yielded to contribute a third part, 
though hardly the same can be levied. 

That in respect that ihey hath been burdened 
with other charges, the same may be eased in that 
contribution of a third pari rather than Axminster; 
the chief merchants inhabiting in Somersetshire 
and Axminster. Lyme being only the port town. 



234 DEFEAT OF THE 

That if Axminster be by their Lordships eased, 
the same may be supplied by the towns and county 
of Somerset. 



In the behalf of the town of Bridgwater, by 
petition. 

That they have been at the charge of 
447/. 1 55. dd. in setting forth a ship of 60 tons, 
which they are not able to sustain, being im- 
poverished through want of trade ; whereupon they 
obtained your Lordships' letters for the levying 
thereof by contribution from the inhabitants of the 
county of Somerset, which is not performed by 
reason the certain sum, till now, was not known. 
They desire your Lordships' letters to the justices 
again to collect the said sum. 

By letters from the citizens of Bristol. 

They have sustained the charge of 1,000/. in 
setting forth 3 ships and a pinnace, which is not yet 
levied, nor hardly can be, though the wealthier sort 
are taxed at 13J, &^d. in the pound, by reason there 
are many merchants decayed there through want of 
trade. 

The owners and mariners have due to them for 
tonnage and wages 11,000/. more, whereof, in con- 
sideration of the premises, they desire to be dis- 
charged, and that order may be given for the 
payment thereof by such other means as your 
Lordships think meeL 

The late Lord Steward,* by his letter sent by 
Floyd, his secretary, desired they may be favoured, 
supposing their disability such as they allege. 

' The Earl of Leicester : he died on September 4. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



235 



By letters from your Lordships, Mr. Darell 
hath made provision of the victual of the said ships, 
since the first two months' victual provided by them 
of the city. They desire to be discharged from 
the answering thereof; also, by direction to the 
said Darell, to release their security given in that 
behalf 

jt/intf/f.— Sir Fras. Drake is to examine what the wages of i!ie 
said mariners amounteCb unto from the end of two months until 
the day of the discbarge. 



Captain Nicholas Webb, by petition. 

The city of Gloucester, with the county of the 
city, and the town of Tewkesbury, were charged 
with the setting forth of a ship of 80 tons, to join 
and continue in service with her Majesty's navy ; at 
which time, in respect of occasion for the present 
employment of such ship, they were advertised by 
your Lordships' letters, and particularly from my 
Lord Admiral, that his Lordship would appoint a 
ship, being ready furnished, to serve in lieu of that 
to have been set forth by them, and therefore might 
forbear to provide any, and that hereafter, upon due 
account, they should answer the charge which the 
said ship should be signified by his Lordship to 
amount unto. 

The said towns, notwithstanding — his Lordship 
then being at sea — suggesting to your Lordships that 
there was not any ship in service for them, obtained 
order to set forth a ship of their own appointment. 
Nevertheless, there hath not any such ship served 
in the navy since the beginning of the service 
hitherto. This the Lord Admiral will approve. 
The suppliant hath served with a ship, appointed 
by his Lordship, from the beginning to the end of 
the service, and borne all the charge of her setting 



236 DEFEAT OF THE 

forth and victualling for all that time, being five 
months and ten days, which amounteth to 
643/. ay. ^d. This [his] Lordship will also certify. 
Desireth, he having performed the service and de- 
frayed all the charge aforesaid, their Lordships 
would be pleased to take order for his satisfaction 
thereof 



September 20,— DECLARATION OF ACCOUNTS. 

[ocxvL 34.] 

Charge of victualling her Majesty's ships and 
others in the West Country : — 

A brief declaration of the account of James 
Quarles, Esquire, general surveyor of the victuals 
for the marine affairs, for victualling sundry the 
Queen's Majesty's ships and others, at Plymouth in 
the West Country, for 300 days, begun the first day 
of December, and ending the 20th day of Sep- 
tember, Anno regni dominae Elizabethse nunc 
Reginae, 30°. 

Charge and receipts, viz. : — 

£ s, d. 

Ready money by him received and 

had ...... 22,428 4 10 

Whereof 

Allowance and payments, viz. for : — 

£ 5, d, £ s, d. 

Rigging and other ex- ^ 

traordinary victual- 
ling and harbour .1,118 8 8 

Transportation of vie- ) 1,125 8 8 

tuals, with light- 
erage and other 
charges . . 70c 



SPAN/S/I ARMADA 



237 



1,071 16 
108 9 



' 20,030 8 4 



Sea-victual!ing : — 
•jd. the man per diem, I 

7,546/. I IS. Zd. , , , 

£ij iu A- M6.627 16 

od. the man per diem, ' 

9,081/. 5s. od. j 

Transportation of vic- 
tuals, with light- 
erage and other 
charges 

Leakage, ullage, and 
filling beer . 

Victualling on shore 
at Plymouth, at 6d. 
per diem . . 2,222 6 

Sum total of the allowance and pay- 
ments aforesaid .... 21,155 ^7 o 
And so he remaineth in debt the sum of 

1,272/. js. lod 

17th day of January, 1588. 

Exd. by Jo. Conyers, Auditor. 

Se^i. 2 1 .—SIR J?. BINGHA M' TO FYTZ IV YLLIA M} 
[Ireland, cxixvii. 1, 1. — Copy. Endorsed.] 

It may please your Honour, what I write unto 
your Lordship now is no more in effect, but a con- 

' Sir Richard Binghani, bom in 1518, had served with the 
Spaniards at St Quendn in 1557 and at l^epanto in 1571, and 
against them in the Low Countries as a volunteer with the Dutch. 
In 1579 he was serving in Ireland against Desmond, and in 1580 
was captain of the Swiftsure under Wynter al Smerwick. In 
1584 he was knighted by Sir John Penot, the Lord Deputy, and 
was appointed Governor of Connaught, which office he held, with 
little interruption, till his death in 1599. He is said lo have 
exercised extreme severity towards the Irish. His conduct towards 
the Spaniards did certainly not err on the side of mercy. 

' Sir William Fytzwylliain, a lawyer, born in 15*6, after being 
Treasurer and Lord J ubtice of Ireland, waa Lord Deputy from 157a 



338 



DEFEAT OF THE 



firmation of my last letters, which I sent by Cotgrave 
the messenger. For sithence that time here hath 
not happened any great alteration of news, And 
yet it is delivered unto me by some of the prisoners 
of certain, that the Duke of Medina himself was in 
the great ship, which received the 600 from land at 
Ballycroy, and then by all likelihood he is cast away, 
for the wind fell contrary immediately after they put 
to sea, and became very stormy and foul weather, as 
not possible he could escape, except his ship were 
most strong and good, for he was marvellously 
pestered with such numbers of men. And in the 
seven ships which lay at Raviskeith ' on Thomond 
side, whereof two were lost and one burned, was the 
galleon St, John, wherein went^ John Martinez de 
Recalde, admiral of the whole fleet, who put to sea 
the same day the Duke did. And sithence I have 
learned by a Breton, which came to Galway loaded 
with salt, that these four ships rode ^ at anchor against 
the Blaskets * in Munster, which may haply get home 
if any do. But by this may appear the great handi- 
work of Almighty God, who hath drowned the 
remain of that mighty army, for the most part, on the 
coasts of this province, which was the very place 
they themselves most doubted, as may appear by the 
instructions the Duke gave them after the Queen's 
ships had left them, the copy whereof your Lordship 
shall here inclosed receive. 

This morning I am going to Galway to take 
order for some things there, and to despatch a man 

to 1575, and again from February 1587-8 to 1594. He died in 
1599- 

' Possibly Labasheeda in the Shannon. Thomond was, roughly, 
County Clare. The seven ships would seem to be those spoken 
of by Popham, ante, p. 318. 

' Bingham's Spanish service will account for his use of this 
peculiarly Spanish idiom, en que iba. 

* Rydd. ' Blaskeyes. 



SPANISH AMMADA 



239 



unto your Lordship with Don Luis de Cordoba, the 
prisoner, which we have yet gotten ; and till now I 
could not satisfy your Lordship's desire therein, for 
the great floods, and other urgent occasions I had 
in hand, unless I should have sent some of the basest 
sort. And by him I shall be better able to advertise 
your Lordship the full particularities of all things 
which have happened in this action. 

I had intelligence sent me from my brother that 
the 700 Spaniards in Ulster were despatched, which 
I know your Lordship heareth before this time. 
And this I dare assure your Lordship now. that in a 
15 or 16 ships cast away on the coast of this pro- 
vince, which I can in my own knowledge say to be 
so many, there hath perished at least a 6,000 or 7,000 
men, of which there hath been put to the sword, 
first and last, by my brother George, and in Mayo, 
Thomond, and Galway. and executed one way and 
another, about 7 or Soo, or upwards, besides those 
that be yet alive, of which Don Luis de Cordoba is 
supposed to be the best, for Pedro Mendoza was 
slain in Clare' Island by Dowdaraugh O'Mayle before 
he would yield in time of the execution. So as now 
— God be thanked — this province stands clear and 
rid of all these foreign enemies, save a silly poor 
prisoners, except O'Rourke^ do keep any contrary to 
our general order and proclamation, sithence the 
publication whereof I have not heard from my 
brother how he hath answered him in that point. 

And touching the ordnance and other munitions 
lost here, all diligence shall be used to save as much 
as may for her Majesty's use ; but the great ship at 
Ballicro, and the rest cast away about those islands, 
are now all broken in pieces, and the ordnance and 
everything else utterly lost, I fear me. Treasure and 
great wealth hath been taken, no doubt, but that by 

' Qeare ' Orwoorke. 



240 



DEFEAT OF THE 



such unworthy persons as it will hardly be ever a 
thereof come by at all, they be such as hath it as 
before now have always been upon their keepings ; 
albeit it is possible in time some of it may be had. 
This is all worthy your Lordship's advertising for 
this time. And so I humbly take my leave. At 
Shrowie,' the 21st of September, 1588. 

Your Lordship's most humbly at commandment, 
Richard Bingham. 



[Ireland, cucxvii. 1, II.— Copy. Endorsed : — Direction given by 
the Duke of Medina for the course which the Spanish navy 
should hold on their return to Spain.] 

The course that shall be held in the return of 
this army into Spain. 

The course that is first to be held is to the 
North- North- East, until you be found under 61 
degrees and a half ; and then to take great heed lest 
you fall upon the island of Ireland, for fear of the 
harm that may happen unto you upon that coast. 
Then parting from those islands, and doubling the 
Cape in 61 degrees and a half, you shall run West- 
South-West until you be found under 58 degrees ; 
and from thence to the South-West to the height of 
53 degrees ; and then to the South- South- West, 
making to the Cape Finisterre, and so to procure 
your entrance into the Groyne or to Ferrol, or to 
any other port of [the^j coast of Galicia. 



' Shrule, County Mayo. 



' Omitted in MS. 



SPANISH ARAfADA 



Septentber.—REPORTS OF SURVEY. 

[aoxx] 

2Slh of September, 1588. — A survey of the 
tackle and apparel, cables, cablets, anchors and other 
provisions remaining in her Majesty's ships, taken 
at their coming from the seas as well by the view 
of John Austyne and Richard Poulter, two of the 
masters of her Highness's said ships ; as also by 
Roger Monnox, clerk of the survey of the same. 

[The survey of each ship is signed by Austyne and 
Poulter, and in most cases by the boatswain, generally 
with a mark. The ships included, with the names of the 
signing boatswains, are : — 

Triumph, Simon Fernandez : Elizabeth Jonas, John x 
Woodroffe'; Bear.Robert x Baxter; Ark.John x Wright; 
Victory, John x Edmonds; Hope. John x Vayle ; Golden 
Lion (not signed) ; Mary Rose, John x Heath, for Law- 
rence Cleer ; Elizabeth Bonaventure, Tristram Searche ; 
Revenge, Richard x Derrick ; Nonpareil, l.C. ; Rainbow, 
Richard Laine ; Dreadnought, x Harvye ; Swiftsure, 
Willm. Mychell ; Antelope (not signed) ; Foresight, 
James Andrews ; Swallow, John x Bourman ; Aid, John 
X Russell ; Bull, Myhyll Pyrkyne ; Tiger (not signed) ; 
Scout {not signed) ; Tramontana, John Pratte ; Achates 
(not signed) ; Charles (not signed) ; Disdain ; Advice, 
Tristram x George ; Cygnet, George Wilkynson ; Spy ; 
Merlin ; Moon. 

It seems unnecessary to print the whole ; the survey of 
the Ark will probably be thought the most interesting, and 
nfiay be taken as a fair specimen. Not one speaks of any 
great damage or serious defect The survey of the Ark is 
given in the original spelling, which is singularly good and 
consistent] 

' X These signed with a mark. 



DEFEAT OF THE 



September i^.— THE ARK ROYAL 

The Rigginge of the Bolsprite ; — 

The bolsprite — good ; the spritesale yarde — \ 
good ; theclulyns — decayed — xl fadoms — u inche -J ; 
the braces — decayed — 1 fadoms — i inche \ ; the 
spritesale shuts' — haif-worne ; the spritesale Kailyards 
— half-worne ; the false tye — decayed — xvi fadoms 
— vi inches. 

The Rigginge of the Formaste : — 

The formaste — good ; the foreyarde — good ;; 
the forestaye — half-worne; the forepennants — good ; 
the ronners — good ; the falls of the tackells — half 
worne ; the falls of the swifters — half-worne ; the 
pennants of the swifters — half-worne ; the backe- 
stayes — decayed — xvii fa : apece — vii inches ; the 
foretyes — decayed — xxxvi fa : — vii inches \ ; the 
forehallyards — half-worne ; the backestayes — de- 
cayed — xvii fa ; ; the foretacks — half-worne ; the 
foreshuls — half-worne; the foreshrouds — half-worne ; 
the forebolings— half-worne ; the clewgarnetts — de- 
cayed — Ix fa : — ii inches ; the martnetts ^ — decayed — 
Ix fa : — ii inches ; the trusses — good ; the pennants 
of the forebraces — half-worne ; the falls of the fore- 
braces — decayed — 1 fa : — ii inches ; the parrell — • 
good ; the forelifts — half-worne; the jeer — decayed 
xl fa : — vi inches \. 

The Rigginge of the Foretopmaste : — 
The foreputtocks ^ — decayed — xxx fa ; — iii inches ; ] 
the foretopmaste — good ; the foretopmaste yarde- 

' Sheets. ' Leech-lines. 

• Fii Mock -shrouds. 



I 
I 



SPAN/SH ARMADA 

good : the foretopsale — half-worne ; the foretopmaste 
shrowds — good ; the foretopmast staye — good ; the 
pennants and falls of the tackles of the foretopmast 
— good ; the lifts — half-wome ; the braces — decayed 
— Ix fa : — i inch \ ; the clulyns— decayed — ilii" ' fa ; 
— ii inches ; the foretopsale shuts — decayed — iii" 
fa: — V inches; the wyndrope'' for the topmaste — 
decayed — xlviii fa : — vii inches ; the hailyards — de- 
cayed — xlii fa: — viii inches \ ; the parrell — good; 
the foretopsale bolings — decayed — Ixiiii fa :^i inch 
rope ; the backestaye of the foretopmaste — good ; 
the martnetts and their falls ^ — half-worne. 



The Ri^inge of the Mayne-maste. 

The mayne-maste — good ; the mayne yarde — 
good ; the mayne shrowds — half-worne ; the mayne 
staye — good ; the pennants of the garnetts * — good ; 
the falls thereof: vi good, the other decayed — xl 
fad : — iiii inche ; the pennants of the tackles — half- 
worne ; the ronners of the tackles — half-worne ; 
the mayne tacks— good ; the mayne shuts — half- 
worne ; the mayne boUngs— half-worne ; the clew 
garnetts — decayed — Ix fa: — i inche \ ; the mayne 
parrell and trusses — good ; the mayne tyes — de- 
cayed — xl fa; — viii inches^; the mayne hall- 
yards — half-worne ; the mayne lifts — half-worne ; the 
mayne braces with pennants and falls — decayed — 
iii^x * fa : — iii inche ; the jeer — decayed — xxxviii fa : 
— vii inches \ ; the mayne martnetts and falls — de- 
cayed — Ix fa : — i inche. 

' Four-score. ' Probably the mast-rope. 

' ' The fall of ihe martnets of the top-sails comes no farther 
than the top, where it is hauled When they are to haul these 
martnets, the tenn is " top the martnets " ' (Manwayring). 

* Gurnet-pendants. 

» Three score and len. 



DEFEAT OF THE 



The Rigginge of the Mayne topmast. 

The mayne topmaste — good ; the mayne top- 
maste yarde — good ; the mayne topmaste staye — 
good; the puttocks — decayed — Ixiiii fad : — iiiiinche; 
the mayne topmaste shrowds — good ; the tackells — 

food ; the parrel! and trusses — good ; the lifts — 
alf-worne ; the martnetts — decayed — ii coyle of 
small lyne ; the braces — decayed — 1 fad: — \ inche \ ; 
the clulyns — decayed — xlv fad : — li inche \ ; the 
mayne topsale bollngs — decayed — xhili fad ; — ii 
inche \ ; the backestayes — good ; the mayne topsale 
shuts — decayed — c fa ; — vi inche \ -. the wyndrope 
— decayed — xlviii fad : — vii inches ; the topsale tye 
— decayed — viii fa : — v inches ; the topsale hall- 
yards — half-worne ; the lanyards and brest ropes for 
the mayne parrell and fore parrell — decayed — iii" 
fa : — iiii inche .^. 

The Rigginge of the Mayne mysson maste. 

The maste — good ; the yarde — good ; the 
shrowds — good ; the lifts — decayed — iiii" — ii small 
lynes ; the staye — good ; the parrell and trusse — 
good ; the tye — decayed — xii fad : — vi inches ; the 
hallyards — decayed — xl fa : — iii inches. 



The Rigginge of the Bonaventur mast. 

The maste — good; the yarde — good; the shrowds 
— good ; the tye — decayed — x fads : — vi inches ; the 
hallyards — decayed — xxxvl fads : — hii inches ; the 
swifters parrell and trusse — good; the staye — half- 
worne ; the shuts — decayed — xxx fads ; — iii inches. 

J HON AUSTYNE. fy 

RVCHARD POULTER. viv 



SPANISH ARMADA 



245 



Great anckers for bowers. 

Great anckers cracked in the crosse 

and caried to Harwich out of the 

Downes ..... 
Sheate anckers .... 
Boate anckers .... 

Grapnells loste with the boate and a 

hawser of iiii inches . 
Cables of xvii inches, whereby the 

ship is mored to the eastwarde . 

Cables of xvi inches in a shot, where- 
by the ship is mored to the west- 
warde .... 



Cables of xvi inches in a shot 

Cables of xv inches 

Fathoms of a cable of xv inches 
Cables of xv inches, whereof one 
broken at Flushinge . 

Cables of xi inches for a kedger 

Cables of x inches for a bote rope, 
beinge a great parte cut of at the 
losinge of the boate . 

Gest rope of viii inches . 

Cabletts of viii inches cut out in iii 
booye ropes of xxv fath : a pece 

Cabletts of viii inches 

Cabletts of vii inches 

Cabletts of vii inches 

Cabletts of vi inches 

Hawsers of viii inches 

Hawsers of vii inches 

Hawsers of vi inches 



ai 



I 



i half-worne 

^ii whereof one 
is to be cut 
of, being 
more then 
qr. worne 

ii more then 
qr. worne 

ii worne and 
noughte 

1 fath : worne 



11 worne 
^ii more then 
qr. worne 



i half-worne 
i worne 

1 newe 
i newe 
i newe 
i qr. worne 
i half-worne 
i newe 
i qr. worne 
i qr. worne 



246 



DEFEAT OF THE 



Hawsers of iiii inches 


iiii newe 


Coyles of v inches .... 


iiii newe 


Of ii inches, do 


xvi newe 


Coyles of ii inches and inche \ 


V 


Tarde lynes 


a • . 
Ill 


Ratlyne 


iiii bolts 


Marlyne 


iiii bundells 


Twyne, white and blacke 


X skeynes 


Sale nedells 


ii dozen 


Bolts of medernex 


Iviii 


Streamers 


.... 

XlUl 


Pendants 


xvi 


Shovells and spades 


X 


Bowles 


... 

Ul 


Bucketts 


X of lether & 
iii other 


Scowpes 


.... 
nil 


Ballost basketts .... 


vi 


Compasses 


... 

Ul 


Roninge glasses .... 


■ ■ a . 
1111 




iii & ii of the 


Flaggs of St. George 


Q. armes, 




rotten 




\ taken awey 


Ensignes of silke . 


either by Mr. 
Gray or my 




, Lord's man 


Soundinge lynes 


1111 new & 11 
oulde 


Soundinge leads .... 


.... 
nil 


Fidds of yron .... 


... 

Vlll 


Catte hooks 


.... 
nil 


Can hooks 


i pair 


Loof hooks 


• • 

11 


Leech hooks 


■ 

1 


Boate hooks 


■ • 
11 



SPANISH ARMADA 



247 



Fishe hooks . 
Bilbowes with x shackells 
Spare shevers of brasse 
Crowes of iron 

Pitche potts of iron 
Pitche potts of copper 

Baricos . 
Bote oars 
Nettings for the forecastle, for the 

waste, & for the half-decke 
Waste clothes 
Kettles for the cooke rome 
Toppe armors for the myzon toppe 
Trevetts 
Spitts 
Cobyrons ^ 
Furnesses of copper 
Cratchetts for lights 



11 
i pair 

XX 



11 



consumed at 
the firing of 
the shipps 



xxxa 
xviii 

• • • 
vni 

ii rotten 

• • 

11 

• • 

n 

1 

1 

i pair 



The Sailes of the saide Ship, viz. : — 

The spritesale with a bonnet ^ — half-worne ; the 
forecourse & bonnet doble, with a single drabler 
— half-worne ; the fore topsaile — half-worne ; the 
mayne corse & bonnet doble, with a single drabler 

' Irons hung on the bars of the range to support the spit 
^ The bonnet was a strip of canvas which laced on to the foot 
of the sail. * Lacing on the bonnet ' or ' bringing to the bonnet * 
was equivalent to shaking out a reef. The drabler, in the same 
way, laced on to the foot of the bonnet. *The bonnet is 
commonly used with none but the mizen, main and fore-sails, 
and the sprit-sails. I have seen — but it is very rare — a top sail 
bonnet. . . . When we do speak of the sail in any correspondence 
to the bonnet, we call it the course, and not the sail ; as we say^ 
when a ship hath those sails out— course and bonnet of each, not 
mainsail and bonnet and foresail and bonnet. Shake off the 
bonnet : that is, take it off' (Manwayring). 



*48 



DEFEA r OF THE 



— qr. worne ; the mayne topsale — half-wome ; the 
mayne myzon saile — qr. worne ; & the bonaventure 
myzon saile — half-worne ; the ii bonnetts belonginge 
to the myzon sailes, lost in the bote. Item, one 
topgallant saile, newe. Item, the botes saile & ii 
pinnesse sailes were also lost in the boate. 

The long boate with a shyver of brasse in the 
hedd, with the oares and dyvers other things lost at 
sea, the boat being splitte. Item, the pynnesse being 
also lost, & a cocke. Item, one oulde pynnesse 
used for a shifte. 

Note, that there was lent, by my Lord Admeralls 
comaLndment, unto one Nicholas Wrighte, captaine 
of a ship called the Bartholomew of Apsam, one 
cable of X inches, being a qr. worne, for the which 
he delyvered his bill to be restored agayne. 

Moie. lent to one Rafe Hawse of Dartmouth, 
cne cablet of vii inches, by my Lord's comaund- 
ment. More, lent to a ship of Lyme, by my Lord's 
comaundment. iii parts of a hawser of vii inches. 



Jhok Austvne. 

RyCHARU POULTER. 



John Lights marke. 

[But the ' declaration of the wants ' of the Ark is signed, 
with the same mark, ' Signum Joh** Wright, boteswayne.'] 

[At the end of the volume is : — 

' A declaration of all the several wants of anchors, cables, 
cablets, hawsers &c., as is to be provided as well for the 
perfect rigging of all her Majesty's ships and pinnaces 
hereafter particularly set down, as also for ground tackle 
and sea store 6t for the said ships for one setting forth to 
the seas, as followcth,' 

The wants are entirely cables, hawsers, rope &c., 
anchors, and grapnels. The chief points of interest about 
them are that the Ark demanded a sheet anchor of 22 cwt. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



249 



and a bower anchor of 20 cwt. ; and that the Spy de- 
manded six bolts of ' mederinax ' for binding of sails and 
for store. 

The following from the different surveys may also be 
noted . — 

Triumph. — The long boat lost at sea. ' Item, one 
newe longe botte, with a shyver of bras in the hedd and 
one in the davilh.' Flags of St. George, one new, and 
one carried away by Mr. Eliot. Ensigns of silk, carried 
away by Sir Martin Frobiser, one. ' Ronyngc glasses, viii ; 
compasses, v.' 

Elizabeth Jonas. — 'The grete botte lost at sea." Flags 
of St George, three, whereof one delivered to the dock ; 
ensigns of si!k in John Auslyne's chest, one. 'Compasses, 
V ; ronynge glasses, xii.' 

Bear. — ' The great boate with all her furniture lost, 
with the saile.' Flags of St: George, two, and one of the 
Queen's arms. Ensigns of silk, taken away by my Lord's 
lieutenant or his man. ' Compasses, vi ; ronninge glasses, 
viii.' 

Victory. — ' Item, the longe boate, with a shever of iron 
in the hedd & one other in the daffid.' Flags of St. 
George, two ; ensigns of silk, one. ' Bolts of medernex. 
xxiiii.' 

Golden Lion.—' The longe lx>ate not serviceable, with 
a shyver of iron in the hedd & one in the davith.' 
Flags of St. George, two, old. 

Elizabeth Bonaventure. — Flags of St. Geoi^e, two, and 
' a bluddey flagge.' Ensigns of silk, one, spoiled with shot 
and given to the captain, 

Revenge, — ' Medernex, lix ; streamers, small & great, 
xi ; waste clothes, iiii" yards ; flagges of Sainte George, 
ii, worne ; ensignes, i.' 

Rainbow. — Flags of St. George, two, old ; ensigns of 
siik, one ; streamers, ten, old and nought 

Dreadnought — ' Flagges of St George, 1 ; ensignes of 
bewpers, i, Item, a longe boate, with ii shyvers of yron, 
the one in the hedd, & the other in the davitte.' 

Similarly for the rest All the long boats were fitted 
with a davit All the ships had one enrign, one or more 
Rags of St George, and— some of them, but not all — 
streamers and pendants.] 



DEFEAT OF THE 



Stfleinber2%.—A SURVEY OF THE NAVY. 
[ocxTi, 40.— Signed, Endorsed.] 

AH such ships as were at Chatham, at this instant 
28th of September, 15S8. 

The slate of her Majesty's ships, ship-boats, and 
pinnaces examined and surveyed by the master ship- 
wrights and other the masters attendant at Chatham, 
according to the directions and order given unto them 
from her Majesty's officers of the navy, the 28th of 
September, 1588. 

The EHzabeth Jonas. — The same ship being so 
pestered in the hold, which most special places could 
not be examined ; and so generally throughout the 
fleet. And being exactly examined and surveyed by 
the master shipwrights the 1 2th of October, 1 587, and 
the same exhibited to the Lord Admiral, unto the 
■which we thought good to have a relation only such 
other imperfections as is since made known, we are 
to set down the same ; as in this ship, the decayed 
fashion-pieces ; the weakness of the forecastle ; the 
altering of the form thereof, whereby more shot may 
be used forward. Also divers knees are to be placed 
for her more strength, and accordingly caulked and 
ransacked for her better preservation. 

The Triumph. — I n the same ship appeareth divers 
imperfections about the loof ' and forepart, growing of 
decayed timber, which is to be strengthened ; as also 
the forecastle is to be reformed, as in the Elizabeth ; 
certain parts in the ship is to be strengthened with 
knees : and two beams that are cracked or given way 
are to be amended ; the stem before and the fashion- 
pieces abaft are to be examined ; sundry places in 
' The after part of the bow, before the chess-tree. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



251 



the cage-work are to be renewed, and the outward 
and inward places to be ransacked and caulked. 
Also she is to have a new bonaventure-niizzen and 
a new boat. 

The White Bear. — In the same ship appeareth 
divers imperfections : growing of decayed timber, 
which procureth the leakiness at the seas ; besides, 
the stem and sternpost is imperfect ; all which as 
they are to be reformed, so can it not be done to 
any perfection without a dry dock. Also she is to 
have a new mainmast, a foremast, a bowsprit, a main- 
yard, a foreyard, a spritsail yard and a bonaventure- 
mast. Also she wanteth a new boat and a new 
pinnace. 

The Victory. — The same ship, as the timber and 
fash ion- pieces be in great decay, yet there is hope 
and no less show of her service than of the rest, so 
that a small charge for the present is to be bestowed, 
besides ransacking and caulking ; only she wanteth 
a new bowsprit and a new boat ; also a main-mizzen 
mast. 

The Ark, — The same ship, her upper overlop in 
the waist is to be taken up and brought to a less 
cambering,' for the better use of the ordnance, There 
is a beam cracked, which is to be amended ; and the 
ship ransacked and caulked. Also she wanteth a new 
boat and a pinnace. 

The Hope. — In the same ship appeareth great 
imperfections and weakness, which procureth leaki- 
ness at the sea ; and by the disorderly graving 
which hath been used upon her, hath hastened her 
decay ; for reforming whereof no help can well be 
had without dry docking. The mainmast is decayed, 
and she wanteth a new boat and a pinnace. 

The Bonaventure, — In this ship there is a show 
of imperfection growing from under the sheathing, 
' Curve ; made more level. 



DEFEAT OF THE 



which is to be removed ; as also the sternpost, fashion- 
piece and rudder are much decayed ; all which are 
not to be remedied without dry docking. Besides, 
she wanteth a new bowsprit and a new pinnace. 

The Mary Rose. — This ship at this instant is 
very leaky, which may not only proceed of the im- 
perfections of her timbers, but much more of her de- 
cayed stem and sternpost, which appeareth to be a 
cause thereof, as well at the sea as otherwise ; the 
remedy whereof cannot well be done but in a dry 
dock. Besides, her mainmast is decayed, and her 
boat and pinnace is to be repaired. 

The Lion. — The same ship is at this instant in 
order for the seas, both graved and caulked within 
board and without ; the cook room is removed and 
made upon the lower overlop in the midships ; the 
mainmast and foremast are fished, and such other 
needful works done. 

The Revenge, — The same ship is to have a new 
mainmast, being decayed and perished with shot as 
otherwise ; more, she is to have a new jeer capstan, 
and certain other places to be amended. Also the 
boat is to be new, and the pinnace to be repaired. 

The Nonpareil. — The same ship's mainmast is 
to be taken out, and the same to be fished, or else to 
make a new ; also the foremast, bowsprit, with the 
main-mizzen-mast, are all to be made new, and like- 
wise the bonaventure-mast. More, she is to have a 
new boat, and all new tops, as also the pinnace re- 
paired ; besides ransacking and caulking. 

The Dreadnought. — The same ship hath been 
lately reformed of some imperfections. Notwith- 
standing, her many decayed timbers remaineth, and 
for her leak at the sea is to be amended at the next 
graving, with other needful ransacking and caulking. 
Her bow is to be repaired, and to have a new pin- 
nace. 



SPANISH ARMADA 253 

The Swiftsure. — In this ship her imperfect tim- 
ber remaining, divers other imperfections to be 
reformed, as the beak-head and the stem under the 
same ; also the step of the foremast is decayed ; also 
she is to be graved and new caulked under water, for 
doing whereof it is determined to have her into the 
wet dock at Chatham. Also she is to have a new 
foremast, a foreyard, and a new boat. 

The Antelope. — The same ship, being an old 
bottom, at her next graving is to be dubbed and 
well ransacked and caulked. Also she is to have a 
new rudder, a new capstan, a broken knee renewed, 
her boat repaired, a new foretop, and a new pinnace. 

The Swallow. — In which ship some weakness 
appeareth ; for strengthening whereof, divers stand- 
ing knees are to be placed, a new fore-knight is to be 
made, the main capstans new whelped, her bow to 
be amended, and a new pinnace to be made, and a 
new maintop. 

The Tiger. — In this ship appeareth some leaki- 
ness under the beak-head, which is to be amended ; 
divers ports are to be reformed ; a new maintop is to 
be made, a new boat and a pinnace. 

The Bull. — The same ship being often in hand, 
and sundry times repaired, and now in that decay as 
will be a charge of such a new one to bring in good 
order, and being without hope of her service or con- 
tinuance, we leave her to a further consideration of 
such as may deal further in her by authority and 
their better discretions, 

The Merlin. — The same pinnace, her mainmast 
is to be new headed and her footwaling something 
raised for the ballast in the midships. She is to 
have a new bilge pump and a new maintop, besides 
ransacking and caulking. 

The Charles. — The same pinnace hath had a 
new mainmast, mizzenmast, certain knees and other 



254 



DEFEA T OF THE 



needful things done ; and is ransacked, caulked, and 
graved, and in readiness for any sudden service, only 
she wanteth a boat. 

The Spy, — This pinnace hath had a new head 
and certain bindings within board ; as also all her 
masts new, and is now in readiness for the service. 

The Scout, — This bark hath had divers things 
reformed in her, specially about the bows ; her cook 
room removed up upon the overlop ; a new bow- 
sprit ; ransacked, graved, and caulked, and in readi- 
ness to service. 

The Achates. — The same bark being often re- 
paired, and so much done for her strength as may 
be, nevertheless it is reported by the captain, master, 
and boatswain that her leakiness is such in foul 
weather, and complaineth so sore, as they think her 
state dangerous to be continued at the sea. To 
remedy the same, cannot well without bringing her 
upon a dry shore, to do it to any perfection. 

The Galley Eleanor. — The same galley is so 
near worn as her service is of small continuance. 
Per Peter Pett. Mathew Baker. 

J HON AUSTYNE.* 



PETITION OF ANTHONY POTTS. 

[coxvi. 68.— Endorsed :— The humble petition of Anthony Potts 
of Bridgwater, mariner.] 

To the right honourable the Lords and others 
her Majesty's most honourable Privy Council. 

In most humble wise complaining, showeth unto 
your Honours your continual suppliant and daily 
orator, Anthony Potts : — That whereas your said 



' This man could scarcely write e' 
, 'Astyne.' 



n his name, and here signed 



SPANISH ARMADA 



255 



suppliant was lately employed in her Majesty's 
service in a certain ship of his own, called the 
Charity of Newcastle, of the burden of 180 tons, 
with victuals and the wages of 80 men belonging 
thereunto ; and also of one other bark of 30 tons, 
with victuals and wages also of 20 men the space of 
two months, over and above the charges allowed 
him by the town of Plymouth ; and for that, Right 
Honourable, your said suppliant hath been a con- 
tinual suitor unto your Honours the space of six weeks 
past for such money as is due unto him, as well to 
his great cost and intolerable expenses, as also to 
the utter undoing of him and his for ever, by reason 
of his great charge and absence : May it therefore 
please your Honours, of your accustomed goodness, 
with pity to regard your suppliant's estate, and of 
your honourable clemency to grant that he may have 
present payment of his said money due unto him. 
And he, with his, as most bounden, shall daily pray 
unto God for your Honours, in all prosperity, long 
ife, with all increase of honour, long to continue. 

Autograph minute, signed. — Sir Francis Drake 
is to certify how long his ship hath served, and with 
what numbers, and what is due unto him for the 
time of his service. Fra. Walsyngham. 



THE PETITION OF THE CAPTAINS &c., OF 
SANDWICH AND DOVER. 

[coxvi. 67.— Endorsed : — Not mentioned in Mr, Hawkyns' book,] 

To the Right Honourable Sir William Cecill, 
Knight, Baron of Burghley. Lord High Treasurer 
of England, and one of her Majesty's most honour- 
able Privy Council. 



256 



DEFEAT OF THE 



Most humbly beseecheth your Honour, the 
captains, masters, mariners, and soldiers, with others 
of the two ships lately set forth by the towns of 
Sandwich and Dover : — That whereas, upon letters 
of demand sent by your Honours to the said town- 
ships, they have dutifully and faithfully (as they 
trust) served her Majesty by the space of two 
months now passed, at their own great and excessive 
cost and charges, and did for the great and weighty 
considerations remembered in your Honour's letters 
double the charge requested ; and those two months 
being expired, were commanded by the Honourable 
the Lord Henry Seymour, then admiral in the 
Narrow Seas, to take in victuals of her Majesty's 
and to serve other two months, which we have 
accordingly very sufficiently performed, as by his 
Lordship's and Sir William Wynter's their discharge 
under their hands may and doth appear: It may 
therefore please your Honour to grant speedy order 
for pay to be made of the said two last months 
behind unpaid, the rather for that the great outcries 
and pitiful complaints of the poor needy mariners 
and soldiers, daily made for want thereof, cannot 
otherwise be relieved and appeased. And we the 
said humble suppliants shall, as we are most 
bounden, continually pray unto the Almighty for the 
long and happy estate of your Honour, to his glory. 



MEMORIAL OF THE TOWN OF HASTINGS. 
[ooxri. 68. — Engrossed.] 

Remembrance for the Right Honourable the 
Lord Burghley, Lord High Treasurer of England. 

The Anne Bonaventure. of the burden of 70 
tons, manned with 49 men. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



The said ship served in the Narrow £ i. d. 
Seas with her Majesty's navy five 
months, of which time they were vic- 
tualled by the inhabitants of Hastings 
for three months, and by her Majesty's 
officers for two months. They have, 
according to the Right Honourable Sir 
Francis Walsyngham's direction, re- 
paired untoMr. HolstokandMr. Borough 
fortherating of their allowances, who have 
not all only abated unto them their ton- 
nage, for which they pay 13/. 65. Zd. per 
month, the sum of . , . . 26 13 4 

but also of their men's wages as they 
have paid them, the sum of . . .1736 
the which amounteth unto 43^. i6i'. lod. 
over and above the sum of 403/. js. f^d,, 
the charge the poor township hath been 
at for the three months they themselves 
victualled. 

Their humble petition is beseeching 
your Honours of your warrants for 
their payment to be despatched, for 
avoiding of charges by long suit ; the 
sum being rated at . . . . 69 lO 10 

They beseech also your honourable 
regards to be carried towards their allow- 
ance of their victualling and manning of 
1 1 crayers, furnished with 80 men, who, 
upon the sight of the Right Honour- 
able Sir Francis Walsyngham's letters, 
were set forth to attend upon the Lord 
Admiral in the Narrow Seas, where 
they continued 15 days, the sum of . 36 o o 

They pray also your honourable 
warrants to be granted unto them that, 
where they have no allowance of ton- 

VOL. !L s 



258 DEFEAT OF THE 

nage, the said warrants may be directed 
unto the owner of their said ship, to 
enjoin him to take her Majesty's allow- 
ance, and to repay back again what he 
hath received for the later two months 
above her Majesty's said allowance ; as 
also to be directed unto those which 
refuse to pay their contribution, as they 
are assessed unto the said charge. 

The like, they of the town of Hythe 
most humbly desire to be allowed, as by 
their bill rated appeareth ; as also allow- 
ance for five crayers, manned with 40 men 
and 4 boys, for the like time, the sum of 



September ZO.— WM. THOMAS TO BURGHLEY. 
[Holland, Ivii. — Signed. Addressed.] 

The God of all wisdom and power govern and 
direct you ever in all your counsels as may be most 
to his glory, the honour of her Majesty's people and 
country, and to the utter overthrow of all her 
enemies. 

Whereas, Right Honourable, at this time, as also 
at other times,' I have been bold to write to your 
Honour, the rather presuming of your Honour's 
favour, in that my desire or request tendeth for the 
honour of her Majesty and your Honours all, and 
for the better service to be done against the enemy ; 
for the which. Right Honourable, a petition was 

' S.P. Dom. Elk. clvii. 42 ; the petition is not dated, but 
would S£cm from this to have been written in 1585. In it Thomas 
proposes that the ships should have 5 gunners to every 100 tons; 
which, notwithstanding his present complaint, is about what the 
ships had. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



259 



made to your Honour and to the rest of her 
Majesty's honourable Privy Council of long time, 
but more plainly made known three years past. The 
suit was to have the corporation for the gunners 
which was given by that famous prince of memory, 
Henry the Eighth, that the said charter, with other 
articles needful, then made known, to be annexed for 
the better service of her Highness, might be renewed 
and confirmed ; the cause of so great a benefit 
requested only for the better strengthening and 
defending of her country, and being to be proved no 
charges more to her Highness, neither to her people, 
but from the same would have proceeded great 
profit, not only to her country, but also even to her 
Majesty's cofiers, as, if it had pleased God I might 
have been permitted to have answered, should have 
been more plainly showed. 

But our sins and our unworthiness caused that 
suit so little to be regarded, as It may plainly appear 
at this day ; for if it had pleased God that her 
Majesty's ships had been manned with a full supply 
of good gunners, according to the forces they carry, 
when the Spanish fleet came through the Narrow 
Seas and her Highness's navy so long in fight, it 
could not otherwise have come to pass, the Lord 
being not against them, but that it would have been 
the woefuUest time or enterprise that ever the 
Spaniard took In hand ; and no otherwise to be 
thought or doubted of, but that the most noblest 
victory by the sea that ever was heard of would 
have fallen to her Majesty. What can be said 
but our sins was the cause that so much powder 
and shot spent, and so long time in fight, and, in 
comparison thereof, so little harm ? 

And although, Right Honourable, our gracious 
God hath dealt mercifully with us, in that our ene- 
mies hath had no success at this time against us, yet 



26o DEFEAT OF THE 

it were greatly to be wished that the same suit with 
the articles were stirred up again, and that it might 
come before your Honours all. to be more deeply 
considered of; and also It were greatly to be wished 
that your Honours were more truly certified of that 
blind exercise and unskilful teaching by the name of 
scholars in the artillery, whereby her Highness may 
no longer be deceived, neither your Honours therein 
any further abused.' And as we are bound, Right 
Honourable, to give God most hearty thanks for 
that her Highness and your Honours hath so great 
care for the keeping and the maintaining of so royal 
a navy, and also sparing of no charges for the 
furnishing of them plentifully with great and forcible 
ordnance, every one of them according to their 
burden, so it were greatly to be desired of the Lord 
that he would also work with her Majesty and your 
Honours that there might be such good policies 
and means by her established and confirmed, as 
thereby in our science knowledge may be more 
and more known and increased ; whereby her 
[ajesty, in all her affairs, may be the better 

ved, and her enemies thereby the more terrified. 

lus. Right Honourable, I cease, craving your 
Honour's favour in this my boldness ; and so for 
this time I humbly take my leave, praying con- 
tinually to the Almighty for your Honour's happy 
health, with long increase of the same. Flushing, 
the last of September. 

Your Honour's to use 

at your commandment till death, 
Wm. Thomas, master gunner in Flushing. 

' The spelling of this letter is rather a curiosity. Here is a 
ample : — yt were grettly to bey wesshed that yowr onors were more 
truly sarlyfyed of that biynde exsarsyes and own skelfell techen 
by [he name of skolors. In the artelayry. Where by her heyght- 
ncs may no leyngar be dessavyd. na)tlier ygwr onors, ihare In. 
any fortliar a beusyd. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



Oct. I.— SIR J?. BINGHAM TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[Ireland, cxxivii. 3. — Signed. Addressed.] 

It may please your Honour : — Although the 
Lord Deputy (1 know) hath from time to time 
acquainted your Honour with the particular occur- 
rences of this province, as well as the general state 
of things else in this action of the Spanish ship- 
ping, yet consideration of duty bindeth me to 
deliver unto your Honour somewhat briefly the 
accidents that have happened within my charge, 
with such honour and praise unto Almighty God 
as so glorious a victory, first at sea and since by 
their confusion of shipwreck, is worthy of, beseech- 
ing the same God that for these his infinite bless- 
ings we may ever rest much more thankful. 

After the Spanish fleet had doubled Scotland 
and were in their course homewards, they were by 
contrary weather driven upon the several parts of 
this province and wrecked, as it were by even 
portions, 3 ships in every of the 4 several counties 
bordering upon the sea coasts, viz., in Sligo, Mayo, 
Galway, and Thomond. So that 1 2 ships perished 
that all we know of on the rocks and sands by the 
shore side, and some 3 or 4 besides to seaboard 
of the out isles, which presently sunk, both men 
and ships, in the night time. And so can i say, 
by good estimation, that 6 or 7,000 men have 
been cast away on these coasts, save some 1,000 
of them which escaped to land in several places 
where their ships fell, which sithence were all put 
to the sword. 

Amongst these were many gentlemen of the 
middle sort, and some reserved alive, but none of 
their greatest commanders have hapjiencd into our 



262 DEFEAT OF THE 

hands. The Duk^ himself was upon the coast of 
Erris in Mayo, and there received into his ship Don 
Alonso de Leyva, with a 600 men that had been 
cast ashore out of the Rata, Sir Horatio Palavi- 
cino ^ his ship, which ship lies there all to split in 
pieces. And John Martinez de Recalde, their admiral, 
with some 6 or 7 ships more in his company, fell 
into the mouth of the Shannon, and is since departed 
for Spain ; but I am persuaded that neither of them 
both will ever recover home, and especially the 
Duke, for they wanted both victuals and fresh water, 
and have since been hindered with continual con- 
trary winds. The like opinion I hold of as many 
more of their ships as touched upon these coasts, and 
have from hence taken their course for Spain. 

Other great wrecks they had both in Munster 
and in Ulster, which being out of my charge I have 
not so good notice of, but the same (I doubt not) is 
fully made known unto your Honour. 

For saving of the artillery and other munitions 
for her Majesty's store, there shall not anything be 
omitted here that may possibly be done to the fur- 
therance thereof. 

And thus craving pardon for my boldness, with 
my humble duty remembered unto your Honour, to 
my Lady, and to my good lady and mistress, with the 
like from my wife, I humbly take leave for this 
time. At Athlone, the first of October, 1588. 
Your Honour s most humble at command, 

Ry. Bingham. 

* In confusion for Horatio Donago {post^ p. 276). Palavicino 
had, of course, nothing to do with it ; but the Christian name 
suggested the surname. 



SPANISH ARMADA 265 



October 6.—CARV TO THE COUNCIL. 
[ooxvii. 10. — Holograph. Addressed.] 

My duty to your good Lordships most humbly 
remembered : — I have received your Honours' letters 
of the last of September, touching the continuance 01 
my service concerning the safe keeping of the goods 
which were in the Spanish ship. Though none ol 
them do remain in my custody, yet will 1 in all duty 
have care of your Lordships' commandment as ap 
pertaineth. trusting that hereafter others in like case 
will use better husbandry than heretofore hath been. 
And in discharge of my duty and conscience, I 
think it meet to acquaint your Lordships with some 
things left out of our last inventory, namely, two 
pieces of brass delivered out of this ship into a pin- 
nace of Plymouth ; another piece of brass delivered 
into the Samaritan, a ship of Dartmouth ; as also in 
the same ship 12 muskets and 12 calivers. The ship 
and bark are returned from her Majesty's service, 
yet these things remain unanswered to her Majesty. 
Your Honours' directions I humbly pray. Jacob 
Whiddon had also 10 or 12 pieces of brass into the 
Roebuck. For the liberal disposing of the wines 
and other things, it will be over long to trouble your 
Honours therewith. To be plain, it goeth against 
my conscience that we cannot yield so just an account 
of our doings as in duty it appertaineth. 

It pleased your Honours to direct your letters 
of the 6th of this last month unto Sir John Gilberte 
and myself, signifying thereby her Majesty's plea- 
sure that the Spanish prisoners for their reliel should 
be allowed to everych ' of them a,d. per diem. In 
this service Sir John Gilberte and I do not agree : 
' Ever^- each, every one. 



264 



DEFEAT OF THE 



for he, being unwilling to take any pains where nc 
profit ariseth, would fain thrust the 226 prisoners 
which remain at Bridewell, 16 miles from my house, 
to my charge. And he would take upon him the 
charge of 160 of the said Spanish prisoners remain- 
ing a-shipboard hard by his house, and every day 
hardly labouring in his garden in the levelling of 
his grounds, so that he is too wise for me (as he 
thinketh), to have their daily labour and yet allowance 
from her Majesty of a,d. per diem to each of them. 
I have no grounds to level nor work to set them 
unto, so far from my house ; and therefore, under 
your Lordships' favours, the match he offereth me :s 
not equal. The service by your Lordships com- 
manded was jointly sent us both. By this means 
your Honours' directions are neglected. 

These persons, under your Lordships' correction, 
would, with good discreet order, be sufficiently re- 
lieved for id. per diem, and so a mn!ety of the charge 
saved, if your Honours would but direct a course 
from whence the money should be disbursed, either 
from the Sheriff or from the Receiver, and so to be 
allowed upon their accounts. And in this I humbly 
beseech the assistance of some others that may always 
be an eye ' witnesses of my just proceedings herein, 
It is requisite (if it so stand with your Honours' 
pleasures) to direct some good course herein, for there 
is no order taken as yet ; and if they had not been 
relieved by Mr. Justice Peryam's and others' good 
means, they had starved ere now. And so, with 
my humble duty, I rest from further troubling your 
Honours. Cockington, this 6th of October, 1588. 
Your Lordships' to be commanded. 

George Cary. 
' Yee, 



SPANISH ARMADA 265 



October 6.— ORDER TO QUARLES FOR 

PA YMENT. 

[B.M. Egerton MS. 1626, f. 16.— Signed. Addressed. Endorsed] 

The charge of victualling 258 men serving her 
Majesty in these ships of Bristol following, for two 
months : — 

The Minion 
Unicorn 
Handmaid 
Aid . . . 




37 12 6 



Victualled for 5 days, begun the 19th of 
June, ended the 23rd of the same, 
at 7^. a man per diem 
And for 5 1 days, begun the 24th of June,] 

and ended the 14th of August, at 6rf. [328 19 o 
a man per diem . . . . ] 

Sum, 366/. 11^. (>d. 

Ex"^ per Darell. 

We do acknowledge that these ships have served 
her Majesty all this time, and were victualled by Mr. 
Darell for the said time. 

C. Howard. John Hawkyns. 

W. Wynter. Willm. Holstok. 

Make an order for payment hereof. 

W. Burghley. 



DEFEAT OF THE 



October %.— COMPARISON OF CHARGES. 

[ooxvii 18. — Wynter's autograph, but not signed.' Endorsed, in 
Burghley's hand :— A comparison betwixt the expenses for 
five years afore Mr, Hawkyns' bargain and of the five years 
since the bargain of Mr. Hawkyns. Sir Wm. Wynter's declara- 
tion.] 

It may please your Lordship to call to mind that 
in February,^ 1584, there was an account delivered to 
your Lordship by me and other of my fellows, 
wherein is showed what the charge was of ordinary 
and extraordinary for her Majesty's navy, in harbour, 
for 5 years last before the first undertaking of the 
bargain for the ordinary ; the which, besides the 
new building and repairing of ships in dry docks, did 
amount to the sum of 39.413/. 'i-^s.fjd.^ which being 
divided into 5 parts, maketh the charge of each year 
to be 5,882/. 155. 5^. 

By the same account was also showed that the 
like charge for ordinary and extraordinary, besides 
new buildings and repairing of ships in dry docks, for 
five years next ensuing the first undertaking of the 
said bargain, did stand her Majesty in the sum of 
25,377/. I4i'. 8(^., which being divided into 5 equal 
parts, showelh the charge of each year to be 
5,075/. lot. \\d. So as, by comparing the said 
accounts together, it may seem her Highness hath 
saved in the latter 5 years 4,036/. 2 j. 6flf., which falleth 
out for each of the 5 years 807/. 4J. 6(/. 

But it is to be considered that, in the five years 

' Though not signed, there is no pretence at anonymity. The 
paper is a serious charge against Hawkyns ; but between Wynter 
and Hawkyns there was not much love. 

' MS. Phebr. The account referred to does not seem to be 
extant. 

' Ail these sums are inierpreted in the margin, in Bui^ley's 
hand, thus :— xxix" iiii= xiii" xvi" ix''. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



267 



before the bargain, there was bestowed upon the 
ordinary, for ransacking.' repairing and trimming of 
the said ships in harbour, in wages and victuals of 
carpenters, caulkers and labourers, and provisions for 
the same works, the sum of 2.200/. yearly, which in 
my conscience was no more than needed ; and If 
there were any evil dealing in the expending thereof 
(as I know none), the same was in the master ship- 
wrights whom we trusted. 

Likewise it is to be considered that the latter 5 
years of the bargain there was assigned out of the 
4,000/. OS. od. which was appointed for theordinary but 
1,000/. OS. od. for the doing of the like works and 
charges before declared, viz., wages and victuals of 
carpenters, caulkers and labourers, and provision for 
the same works ; and so it appeareth that there was 
laid out in the former 5 years 6,000/. os. od. more than 
in the latter 5 years for the like works in repairing 
and trimming of the ships, which was yearly a charge 
of 1,200/. OS. od. more than in the latter 5 years. And 
if the office had forborne the expending of the said 
1,200/. OS. od. yearly for the former 5 years (as in duty 
it was not thought convenient), then the charge of 
the ordinary and extraordinary in harbour, besides 
the new building and repairing of ships in dry docks, 
would have been for the said 5 years 1,963/. lys. 6d. 
less than was spent in the latter 5 years, which is 
yearly 392/. 15J. ^d. 

It may be alleged that her Majesty's ships, with 
the 1. 000/. OS. od. yearly since the bargain, hath been 
as well and sufficiently ransacked, trimmed, repaired 
and done as they were in the former 5 years with 
the charge of 2,200/. yearly ; the which in my con- 
science is most untrue. And for better trial, if her 
Majesty be pleased to call the master shipwrights, 

' Ransacking appears to mean ihoroughly overhauling and 
examining. 



268 



DEFEAT OF THE 



workmen of all sorts, clerks, and any other that had 
dealings in the works in the former or latter times, 
to declare their knowledge and conscience, upon 
their oaths, then 1 doubt not but the truth will be 
manifested. 

And if these reasons before set down may not 
satisfy, then let the whole charge for ordinary and 
extraordinary, since the first taking of the bargain to 
this day, be collected and truly set down. In the 
doing thereof there must be good regard had to the 
new titles used in the account of this latter time, viz., 
charges for provisions of double furniture, charges of 
new buildings of wharves and houses, transporta- 
tions, and such like, which in the former time, before 
the bargain, were comprised under the titles of 
ordinary and extraordinary in harbour ; and thereby 
shall manifestly appear that the said sparing of the 
ordinary in repairing, trimming and ransacking of 
her Majesty's ships in this latter time, hath br«i a 
far greater charge to her Highness than was in the 
like time before the bargain ; besides the clouterly ' 
patching and doing of the same, very discommodious 
in the use of the ships. 



Oct. g.— THE CHARGE OF THE LONDON SHIPS. 

[ccxrii- IS.^Signed. Endorsed, with a minute by Burghley :— To 
be considered by the officers of the Admiralty of the reason- 
ableness of ihedemand and lime of the service, — W. Burghley.] 

A note of the 8 ships appointed to be sent to 
the Lord Harry Seymour, into the Narrow Seas, 
the 25th of July, 158S, under the conduct of Mr. 
Nicholas Gorges, Esquire. 

' Clumsy. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



269 



The names of the ships and their numbers of 



men 



The Susan Parnell of London . 


Men 

. 80 


Solomon . . . , 


. 80 


George Bonaventure . 


. 80 


Anne Frances . 


• 70 


Vineyard . . . , 


. 60 


Violet . . . . 


. 60 


Samuel . . . . 


. 50 


Jane Bonaventure 


. 50 



Sum of the men 530 

The 26th of July the ships and men entered 
into pay, and, from that day, was victualled for one 
whole month. 

The victualling of 530 men for one 

month, after 14^- per man — sum . 

For press of 530 men, at 12^. per man . 

For the pressors due, after ^d. per man 



371 o o 

26 10 o 

8 16 8 



Sum 406 6 8 



October \2,— INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE LORD 
PRIMATE AND OTHERS. 

[8 P. Ireland, czxxvii. 14.] 

W. Fytzwylliam. — Instructions for the Lord Pri- 
mate, Sir Henry Wallop, knight, and David Gwynn, 
gent, or any two of them, to be dealt in with the 
Spanish prisoners at Drogheda, 

I. Imprimis: — You shall inquire from whence 
they came, by whom they were entertained ; in 
what ship they came forth, for what cause, and how 
many of them came on land here ? 



270 



DEFEA T OF THE 



2. Item. — You shall inquire what quality the 
persons were that came forth in their said ship, and 
how many of them are dead, or drowned, or killed 
since their coming forth ? 

3. Item. — You shall inquire how they came 
into the north, either by shipwreck or otherwise ; 
how they were entertained and relieved upon their 
landing, and by whom ; how many of them were 
killed before they were taken, how many after, and 
how many escaped with their lives that be now in 
the country, and in what manner and order they 
themselves were taken and used ? 

4. Item. — To know what money, jewels, plate, 
apparel, or furniture for the war the captains took 
from them, or from any of their company, and what 
any of the soldiers or Irishry likewise had of them ? 

5. Item. — To inquire what he is that is with 
O'Donnell's wife, and what those were that re- 
mained with the Earl of Tyrone, and how many in 
number ? 

6. Item. — What they were that were killed 
between their coming out of O'Donnell's country 
and the Newry, being such as were not able to 
travel ? 

7. Who brought them any chains, jewels, or 
money since they came to Drogheda, and who sent 
the same unto them ? 

8. Item. — Whether any of Drogheda have any 
chains, jewels, or money of theirs in custody, and 
who they be ? 

g. To know of them who of this country's birth 
were with them in Spain, and what their names be 
that were shipped either with them or in any other 
of their ships? 

10. Item. — To know whether James Fitz- 
morris's son came out of Spain ; if he did, in what 
ship, and what became of him ? 



SPANISH ARMADA 



271 



1 1. Item. — To know whether they left any 
plate, money, jewels, or other things with the Earl of 
Tyrone, or with O'Donnell, or his wife, and what 
the same were ? 

12. Item.— To know what friendship they have 
received since they came to Drogheda, and what 
their names be that showed the same ? 

13. Item. — To know how many ships fell upon 
this north coast where they landed, and how many 
were in every ship } 

14. Item. — To know if the captains upon their 
first landing did make any promise unto them, and 
if they did, what the same ? 



October \i.— EXAMINATION OF PRISONERS. 
[Ireland, ozzzvii. Ifi.] 

13th of October, 1588. Apud Drogheda. 

Examination taken of the Spanish prisoners re- 
maining at Drogheda, by virtue of a commission 
from the Lord Deputy and Council, dated the 12th 
of October, 1588, and certain interrogatories to the 
same annexed, directed to the Lord of Ardmaugh, 
Sir Henry Wallop, knight &c., and David Gwynn, 
gent., or any two of them. 

I. Imprimis: — Don Alonso de Luzon, master 
of the camp of the tercio of Naples, being 10 
ensigns containing i,Soo men, examined upon the 
first interrogatory saith, upon his oath, they came 
from Naples aforesaid, and were entertained by 
King Philip, being of his old garrison of Naples, 
and sent on this journey to go into Flanders to the 
Duke of Parma. But what they should do further 
than ot be at the same duke's direction was known 



272 



DEFEAT OF THE 



to the Privy Council, and not to him. He saiU 
they landed in O'Doherty's country, out of the ship 
called Valencera de Venecia,' being a very great 
ship, but of what certain burden he knoweth not, 
about 400 and 50 men, whereof many sick and 
weak, besides which, 100 and upwards were 
drowned in coming to the shore, being common 
soldiers and manners. In this ship, when she came 
from Lisbon, there were, as he saith, 400 soldiers 
and 4 score and odd mariners and gunners, of which 
men that were drowned and did land here, 4 days 
before their coming to shore they took out of the 
hulk called the Bark of Hamburg" 100 men, and 
the captain of them, called Don Beltran del Salto, 
and the master of the said hulk, called Jaques 
Flamenco. 

2. To the 2nd interrogatory he saith that he and 
other of his company have set down under their 
hands the names of all the men of quality that was 
in the same ship. He saith that they did lack, 
besides the 3 gentlemen that died in Drogheda, 8 or 
9 of those men of quality who landed with the rest ; 
but what is become of them, whether they be dead 
or alive, he knoweth not. 

3. To the 3rd interrogatory he saith they landed 
by shipwreck as many of them as they could in a 
broken boat of their own, some swam to shore, 
and the rest were landed in a boat of O'Doherty's 
country, for the use of which they gave in money 
and apparel 200 ducats. Touching their entertain- 
ment when they came on land, he saith that he 
and 5 more of the best of his company landed first, 
only with their rapiers in their hands, where they 

' LaTrinidad Valencera, of 1,100 tons, 42 guns ; 2S1 soldiers, 
79 mariners (Duro, ii. 63). 

" Barca de Amburg, of 600 tons ; 239 soldiers, 25 mariners 
(ib., ii. 64). Except these 100, they seem to have been all lost 
(see/w/, p. 275). 



SPANISH ARMADA 



27i 



found 4 or 5 savage people — as he termeth them — 
who bade them welcome and well used them, until 
some twenty more wild men came unto them, after 
which time they took away a bag of money con- 
taining looo reals of plate and a cloak of blue rash, 
richly laid with gold lace. They were about two 
days in landing all their men, and being landed, had 
very ill entertainment, finding no other relief of vic- 
tual in the country than of certain garrans,' which they 
bought of poor men for their money, which garrans 
they killed and did eat, and some small quantity of 
butter that the common people brought also to sell. 
Who they were that brought those things unto them 
heknoweth not, only it was in O'Doherty's country ; 
and saith that before he and the rest of the gentlemen 
of the company yielded themselves, none were slain 
by the savage people. Item, he saith that the 
killing by the soldiers and the savage people was 
the same night that he and the rest of the gentle- 
men had yielded, at which he was not, and therefore 
knoweth not how many were slain, nor how many 
remain alive. 

He saith he and the whole company yielded 
themselves, within 6 or 7 days after their landing, 
to the captains that carried the Queen's ensigns, 
O'Donnell and his wife being present, upon condition 
that their lives should be saved till they came to the 
Viceroy, and that they should be suffered to repair 
unto him, every private soldier with one suit of 
apparel, and every gentleman with two ; incontinent 
whereupon they laid down 350 muskets and calivers 
and some few pikes to her Majesty's use, because 
they yielded in her name, all which were seized on 
by John Kelly, whom they term sergeant-major, and 
Captain Richard Hovenden's lieutenant ; after which 

' Horses : Irish, g.'^.rraK. 



274 DEFEAT OF THE 

their promise was not kept with them, but the soldiers 
and savage people spoiled them of all they had. 

4. To the 4th he saith he knoweth not what 
money, jewels, plate and apparel was taken from 
the whole company, but for his own part he lost in 
plate, jewels, money and apparel, that was taken 
from his servants, above the value of 3,000 ducats ; 
but who took the same he knoweth not, only one 
of his men told him that he who termed himself 
sergeant-major to the two captains took his plate, 
which he esteemeth worth 1,000 ducats and more; 
and further than he hath said in the 3rd interro- 
gatory touching the artillery he cannot say. 

5. To the 5th he saith he certainly knoweth not 
who it is that is remaining with O'Donnell's wife. 
but thinketh it is Captain Miranda, who was captain 
of a ship and a company also, but being discharged 
of his company at Lisbon, he left his ship also and 
came unto this as a private man. who was very sick 
when this examinate saw him last. He also saith 
that there staid with the Earl of Tyrone, that were 
sick, Don Alvaro de Mendoza, Don Antonio Man- 
rique, Rodrigo Ponce de Leon, auditor of the tercio 
of Naples, and one soldier whose name he knoweth 
not ; and these are as many in number as he knoweth 
that did stay with the Earl of Tyrone. 

6. To the 6th he saith there were none killed 
in the coming between O'Donnell's country and the 
Newry, but certain gentlemen of account died on the 
way, whose names ensue : — Don Garcia de Avila, 
Don Caspar de Avila, his brother, Don Christobal 
Maldonado. Hernando Caiiaveral dead, and Don 
Diego de Cuzman he thinketh is also dead. 

7. To the 7th he saith that since their coming 
to Drogheda there was neither chains, Jewels, nor 
money sent to him, or any of the rest, to his know- 
ledge. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



275 



8. To the Sth he saith that none of Drogheda 
have any money, chains, or jewels in custody of his 
or any of the rest, that he knoweth of. 

9. To the 9th he saith he knoweth not the names 
of those of this country's birth that were in Spain 
when he came from thence, but did see a tall young 
gentleman, with a red beard and of sanguine com- 
plexion, of whose name he knoweth not. He heard 
of three others ; but the said young gentleman came 
forth with the navy, but in what ship he knoweth 
not 

10. To the loth he saith he knoweth not James 
Fitzmorris' son, nor any that doth call himself by 
the name of Earl of Desmond. 

1 1. To the I ith he saith that neither he nor any 
of his company, to his knowledge, did leave any plate, 
jewels, or money with the Earl of Tyrone or O'Don- 
nell's wife, or any other, more than what was taken 
by force, as aforesaid. 

12. To the 1 2th he saith that since his coming to 
Drogheda he hath received no friendship, neither 
hath any of his company to his knowledge. 

13. To the 13th he saith he knoweth not that 
any other ship fell upon the north coast, saving the 
same that he was in. 

14. To the 14th, more then he hath said in his 
answer to the 3rd interrogatory he cannot say. 

Being asked what became of the admiral of the 
hulks and the hulk called the Black Castle,' who 
were in company when the Bark of Hamburg sank, 
he saith they lost the sight of them at the same time, 
and never heard of them since. 

Being further examined what store of ordnance 
came in his ship, he saith 32 pieces of brass and iron, 
whereof 4 were cannons of brass ; but of what kinds 



ii. 64), 



Castillo Ne^ro, of 750 Ions, 279 soldiers, 34 



(Dui 



276 



DEFEAT OF THE 



the rest were, how many of brass, or how many of 
iron, he knoweth not, neither whether the same will 
be saved or not. 

Being asked what treasure of the King's there 
was in this ship, he saith none. Being demanded 
whether any were in the ship of greater degree 
than himself or those here, he saith none were. 

Being asked of his knowledge what treasure the 
King sent in the whole navy, he saith of himself he 
knoweth not, but hath heard some say 600,000 ducats 
and some 700,000, part whereof was shipped in the 
vice-admiral to Admiral Oquendo, and the rest in 
other ships, whose names he knoweth not. 

Being asked in what sort Horatio Donago en- 
tered into this voyage, he saith he was taken and 
pressed by the King's officers at Sicilia to bring part 
of the 2,000 men of the tercio of Sicilia to Lisbon, 
where he laboured to procure his discharge, but 
could not, as the camp-master of the tercio of Sicilia 
told this examinate ; and of himself he knoweth 
that the Marquis of Santa Cruz did command the 
said Horatio to grave his ship, who refused so 
to do because he would have been discharged 
of the voyage. 



October \^—CARY TO THE COUNCIL. \ 

fooxvii. 21. — Holograph. Addressed.] 

My humble duty to your good Lordships:— 
SIthence the writing of my last letters unto your 
Honours, I have been advertised that the Spanish 
prisoners remaining in our house of correction near 
the city of Exeter, and which are in number 211, 
are in some distress for want of relief to sustain 
them ; and therefore inasmuch as m" associate 



SPANISH ARMADA 277 

refuseth to follow those directions it pleased your 
Honours jointly to command us both in this ser- 
vice, the necessity of the case so requiring, I have, 
with the advice of Sir Thomas Denys and of the 
Mayor of Exeter and his brethren, taken order, for 
these 14 days, to relieve their misery, in allowing to 
each of them i \(i. per diem, and to some of them 2d. 
per diem ; and have disbursed the money out of my 
parse, to make provision for victuals at the best and 
cheapest hand ; for otherwise they must needs have 
perished through hunger, and possibly thereby have 
bred some infection, which might be dangerous to 
our country. 

And therefore, presuming of your Lordships' 
good allowance of my doing herein, do humbly 
desire your Honours' directions to have some others 
to be joined unto me ; for that I am loth to 
meddle in such a charge without the assistance of 
some others, that may always be an eye-witness of 
my just dealings ; and that it would please your 
Lordships to appoint from whence there might 
be some money had beforehand, to provide their 
victuals in good order, wherein a third part of the 
charge would be saved ; for I dare assure your 
Lordships that id. per diem, with some other allow- 
ances for fire and other necessaries, will suffice for 
their maintenance. There hath also heretofore 
been defrayed for their relief the sum of fifteen 
pounds, for the which I have also given my word 
to see it repaid; and therefore shallhumbly desire 
your Honours' allowance of the same. And touch- 
ing your Lordships' letters of the last of September 
concerning the Spanish goods, I see there is such 
havoc made thereof that 1 am ashamed to write 
what spoils I see. And though I have spoken and 
written to Sir John Gilberte to understand of his 
proceedings, and what is become of all the wines 



278 



DEFEAT OF THE 



I left in his custody, yet I can receive no direct 
answer from him ; but this I know by others, that 
all the best wines are gone. It were well, if it so 
stood with your Lordships' pleasures, that we both 
might answer our doings before your Honours, 
And so, humbly beseeching your Lordships to 
receive your directions in these causes, as also con- 
cerning the Spanish prisoners, I cease from further 
troubling your Honours, Cockington, this 14th of 
October, 1588. 

Your Lordships' to be commanded, 

George Gary. 



Octobtr \s^—CARY TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[ooxTii. 32. — Holograph. Addressed.] 

Sir ; — I think I shall never rest troubling your 
Honour ; for sithence my last letters unto you, I am 
so exclaimed on to give some relief to these Spanish 
prisoners to keep them from famine, that I am 
eftsoons enforced to be an humble suitor to your 
Honour and the rest of my Lords for some other 
directions for their maintenance ; for Sir John 
Gilberte is not disposed to take pain where no gain 
cometh, and the authority that their Lordships gave 
was jointly unto us both, and so I can do little by 
myself Notwithstanding, with the advice of some 
others, 1 have presumed, under the favourable allow- 
ance of my Lords, to disburse some money out of 
my own purse, to make some provision to buy 
I'ictuals to sustain their present miserable estate, 
allowing unto some of them \\d. per diem and to 
others 7.d. per diem. And whereas their Lordships, 
by their former letter to Sir John Gilberte and 
myself, did allow ^d. per diem to each of them, 1 will 



SPANISH ARMADA 



279 



assure your Honour that they may be very well 
maintained for 2d. per diem, so ' that their Lordships 
will appoint some money to be received beforehand, 
to buy in their provision. In this I humbly beseech 
your Honour's and their Lordships' speedydirections. 
And touching the Spanish goods, notwithstanding 
their Lordships' letters, and though I have spoke 
and written to Sir John Gilberte to be acquainted 
with his proceedings, and how he hath disposed of 
the wines and some other of the goods, I can yet re- 
ceive no direct answer. The best wines are all gone ; 
the tackle of the ship so spoiled by his negligent 
looking unto, that 200/. in ropes and other necessaries 
will not suffice to set her to the seas again. My 
Lords should do well to examine these spoils, either 
by themselves or by some others they shall appoint. 
Thus, with my humble duty to your Honour, I most 
humbly take my leave. Cockington, this 14th of 
October, 158S. 

Your Honour's most bounden, 

George Gary. 



October li.— LORD DEPUTY AND COUNCIL 

TO THE PRIVY COUNCIL. 

[Ireland, czzzviL 25. — Signed.] 

It may please your Lordships : — There hath been 
lately delivered unto us an information of the lewd 
and undutiful behaviour of David Gwynn, sent 
hither by your Lordships to view the Spanish 
prisoners in Tredagh ^ and other places, by a gentle- 
man named Eustace Harle, who met him at Rochelle 
soon after his escape out of the galley. The report, 



' Provided that. 



' MS. Tredath ; Drogheda. 



280 



DEFEAT OF THE 



as we have learned, hath been since here spread at 
some tables abroad, and being lately in secrecy 
delivered by the gentleman himself to the Master of 
ihe Rolls at length, it was by him revealed to me, 
the Deputy, and six others of this Council, con- 
ferring together for a preparation against the 
Spaniards in Tyrconnel.' Whereupon we caused 
the gentleman to set down his information under his 
hand ; which the next day he did before us whose 
names are hereunto subscribed, who likewise have 
in duty thought good not only to send the same 
enclosed verbatim unto your Lordships, but also 
therewith both the accuser and the accused, to receive 
their due deserts. We would with all willingness 
have here proceeded to the correction and punish- 
ment of the offender, had not your Lordships signified 
your pleasure for the speedy return of Gwynn, whom, 
as in other things — as, namely, in the embezzling, 
impairing and concealing of such chains, gold and 
money as he took from the Spanish prisoners at 
Tredagh, to the value of i6o/. — we have found a 
most lewd man, so in this information we are most 
assuredly persuaded in our consciences that he hath 
most injuriously abused that honourable gentleman ; 
and herein hath committed so great a villainy as 
justly deserveth most severe punishment And 
therefore we earnestly wish that, in regard of this 
new and rare precedent of most extreme villainy, 
the offender may be made a public example, to terrify 
others from the like offence, the rather because the 
honour, credit, innocency and loyalty of the best and 
greatest personages in the world is interested in this 
cause, which we humbly refer to your grave con- 
siderations. And so, with the remembrance of our 



' Nearly identical with the modem Donegal. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



humble duties, take leave. From her Majesty's 
castle of Dublin, the iSth of October, 1588. 

Your Lordships" ever most humble to command, 

W. FVTZWVLLIAM. 

Ad. Dublin, Cane Thos. Midensis. 
RoBT. Dillon. 
H. Wallop. 
Ro. Gardener. 

G. BOWRCHIER. 



Valentine Browne. 
Lucas Dillon. 
Geff. Fenton.' 



Oct. 16.— DECLARATION OF EUSTACE HARTE. 
[Ireland, csxxvii. 26, 1. — Signed. Endorsed] 

A declaration of me, Eustace Harte, gentleman, 
before Sir William Fytzwylliam, Knight, Lord 
Deputy of Ireland, and others of her Majesty's 
Council, the i6th day of October, 1588, concerning 
David Gwynn. 

I, the said Harte, had been some eight or nine 
months in a town of garrison of the King of 
Navarre, under the government of Monsieur de 
Plasack, called Pons,- and did take my leave of 
the governor the 30th of July last, with letters to 
his Majesty, then lying at Rochelie. But having 
some occasion of business with one Monsieur de 
Treilleboys, dwelling in the Isle of Allvart,^ did 
stay some 5 or 6 days, and from thence did lake 

' The Members of the Council here signing are : Adam 
Loftus, Archbishop of Dublin and Lord Chancellor of Ireland ; 
Sir Robert Dillon, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas ; Sir Henry 
Wallop, Vice Treasurer and Treasurer at Wars; Sir Robert 
Gardener, Chief Justice of the King's Bench ; Sir George 
Eowrchier; Thomas Jones, Bishop of Meath, afterwards Arch- 
bishop of Dublin ; Sir Valentine Browne ; Sir Lucas Dillon, 
Chief Baron of the Exchequer ; and Sir Geofirey Fenton, 
Secretary of the Council. 

' In Charente InfSrieure; then a place of some strength. 

* The Peninsula of Arvext 



383 



DEFEAT OF THE 



boat towards Rochelle, thinking to find his Majesty- 
there, and to have passage for England. In which 
boat were 3 galley slaves that came lately from 
the galley cast on shore near to Bayonne in France; 
which galley slaves reported unto me, and the rest 
that were in the boat, that the galley, being sore 
broken with the weather at sea, were driven to take 
shore to save themselves, and that the governor 
of the galley and the rest of the Spaniards did 
remain with the governor of the town of Bayonne 
until the King of France's pleasure were further 
known. And asking them what Englishmen were 
in their galley with them, answered but some two or 
three. Then at my arrival at Rochelle, which was 
upon Thursday, the 1 3th of August,^ or thereabouts, 
which very day the King went from Rochelle and 
took his voyage to meet with Duke Mercceur,* 
Governor of Brittany. And on the Friday follow- 
ing, an English galley slave, whose name was David 
Gwynn, came to Rochelle with divers others which 
saved themselves as the rest. And this Gwynn, 
being in necessity and want, sought for some relief 
of the English merchants ; and telling them much 
news of the Spanish fleet — as they affirmed to me 
— and of divers intelligences that the Spaniards 
should have out of England, did make report that, 
amongst others, a Spanish secretary had showed 
him a letter which should come from Mr. Secretary 
Walsyngham. whose name he did see in writing 
— Francisco Walsyngham (not permitted to see 
any more than his name) ; but that the said Spanish 
secretary said he was wholly for them, and he would 
deliver her Majesty's person into their hands. 
Which merchants, hearing him to report thus lewdly, 
one amongst the rest, named Thomas Hayward, a 

' August 13 was a Tuesday ; or by New Style, a Salurday. 
* MS. Marcurye. 



SPANISH ARMADA 283 

merchant of Chester, lodging with me at one Patrick 
Hughes, an Irishman, told unto me the report of 
this galley slave ; and for the better confirmation of 
the tale was desirous to bring this Gwynn to my 
chamber, that I might hear the speeches which he 
had uttered to the merchants. The said David 
Gwynn, being asked by the said Thomas Hayward 
in the presence of me, did there confirm that which 
he had before spoken ; saying, further, that he had 
divers and sundry times wrote unto her Majesty, and 
that he had yet to disclose many things at his coming 
over into England unto her Majesty of her enemies 
in England, and that of the best sort ; and, more- 
over, did take forth a paper out of his pocket, 
wherein were written certain verses by him of her 
Majesty, concerning the estate of England, and did 
name her Majesty by the name of Bess. 

Mr, Hayward, being offended in his mind, 
desired me that if it were possible to get that lewd 
prating fellow punished ; but I wished this merchant 
to bestow somewhat of him, and to let him alone in 
that place, whereby there might more be gathered 
of him, saying that the Council of England would 
soon find him. Eustace Harte. 

Signed by the said Eustace Harte in the presence 

of us. W. FVTZWVLUAM. 

Ad. Dublin. Cane. Thos. Midensis. 

H. Wallop. Robert Dillon. 

Ro. Gardener. G. Bowrchier. 

Lucas Dillon. N. White, 

Geff, Fenton. 



Oct. i^.—FYTZWYLUAM TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[Ireland, cixxvii. 26.— Signed. Addressed.] 

Sir ; — What event hath here fallen out upon 
Gwynn's employment albeit by letters sent by this 



384 



DEFEAT OF THE 



bearer from me and this Council to their Lordships 
and your Honour doth appear, yet could I not be 
satisfied without writing these few lines unto you, to 
manifest how far it is from me to think that you — 
whose long approved zeal and loyalty to God's 
church and her Majesty hath the attestations of all 
men jn general, and of myself, with my life and all 
I possess, in particular, to clear you — should be 
guilty of the least minute wherewith this caitiff — un- 
worthy of life — hath so villainously charged you ; 
and therefore do most earnestly beseech you so to 
construe of this our proceeding as of that which, I 
protest, we have specially done in the love and 
honour we bear you, and the desire we have had 
that so detestable a fact might be severely punished ; 
and withal for myself, to assure you that to the utter- 
most of my power I will stand for and defend your 
loyalty and innocency — even with the loss of my 
blood — as I will mine own, which God and my 
conscience know to be unspotted. All which refer- 
ring to your honourable consideration, and myself to 
all the honour and service I may do you, I humbly 
take leave. From her Majesty's castle of Dublin, 
the 1 8th of October, 1588. 

Your Honour's ever assured to command, 

W. Fytzwylliam. 



October \%.—N. WHITE' TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[Ireland, oxxxrii. 28. — Signed. Addressed.] 

My humble duty remembered to your Honour : — 
It may please the same to understand it hath been 
my hope of late to be made acquainted with a cause 
that toucheth you, wherein I did seek to use all the 

' Sir Nicholas White, Master of the Rolls. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



=85 



good means that might express my dutiful alTection 
towards you. as Sir Harry Wallop and Sir Lucas 
Dillon can witness, and do hope that your Honour 
will even so accept of it. The matter is this. A 
young gentleman, Eustace Harte, nephew to Mr. 
Auditor Peyton, who professeth greatly to love and 
honour you, did of himself, upon like opinion con- 
ceived of me and through my acquaintance with his 
uncle, reveal unto me certain false and slanderous 
speeches given out in his hearing, of you, by one 
Gwynn, lately come hither, requesting me to impart 
the same to the Lord Deputy, to the end the party 
might not escape unpunished, which I did, of a 
reverend regard and faithful meaning towards your 
Honour. And upon Harte his avouching of the 
speeches under his handwriting, delivered to the 
Lord Deputy, the said Gwynn was committed, and 
is now sent over to receive his well deserved 
punishment, having been also condemned afore us 
here of manifest falsehood and perjury touching the 
embezzling of certain chains of gold and coin re- 
ceived by him of the Spaniards to her Majesty's 
use. After some muttering abroad of this fellow's 
speeches, and afore I had heard anything hereof, it 
was thought that through the guiltiness of his own 
conscience he meant to have stolen away, if he had 
not been apprehended. And for that 1 was not at 
the signing of the letters written by the Lord 
Deputy and Council to your Honour touching this 
matter, I thought it my part to signify unto you how 
far and upon what occasion I dealt therein, humbly 
craving your favourable construction of my gofid 
meaning in the same ; and so humbly take my leave. 
From Dublin, this [9th of October, 1588. 

Your Honour's humbly and heartily to command, 
N. White. 



286 DEFEAT OF THE 

October z%.—FYTZWYLLIAM TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[Ireland, cxxxvii. 48,— Signed. Addressed.] 

Sir: — Having for the more expedition sent afore 
by my man Morris, as well such letters as advertise 
the state of our occurrents here, as also those which 
particularly concern Harte and Gwynn, committed 
to the charge of this bearer my servant, likewise sent 
for the safe bringing of them unto their Lordships, I 
thought it meet, to the end both he and they might 
have the better and more convenient access unto you, 
to accompany him with these few lines only to 
signify the same. And so, with remembrance of my 
duty, I humbly take leave, and commit your Honour 
to the Almighty's protection. From the castle of 
Dublin, 28th of October, 1588. 

Your Honour's ever assured to command, 

W. Fytzwylliam, 

I send you enclosed the copy of a letter, which I 
received from Captain Merriman while this was in 
writing, which confirmeth that there cannot be gone 
above 300 of all the men which landed, neither have 
they now any one vessel left to carry the rest away ; 
and since it hath pleased God, by his hand, upon the 
rocks to drown the greater and better sort of them, 
I will, with his favour, be his soldier for the des- 
patching of those rags which yet remain. 



[Ireland, cxxxvii. 48, 1. — Enclosure in preceding. Endorsed : — 
A copy of a letter of Captain Meniman.] 

Right Honourable : — With regard of my most 
humble duty, I thought good to acquaint your 
Honour with the occurrents here, that the Spanish 
ship which arrived in Tyrconnel with the McSweeny 
was on Friday the i8th of this present descried over 
against Dunluce, and by rough weather was perished. 



H SPANISH ARMADA 


287 ■ 


r so that there was driven to the land, being dro 


wned, ^1 


the number of 260 persons, with certain butts of ^| 


wine, which Sorley Boy hath taken up for h 


s use. ^1 


All these his messengers told me, whom I met pass- ^| 


ing hitherwards with the same news. Thus 


most ^1 


humbly &c. &c. 


I 


Ocleber.— ALLOWANCE FOR SHIPS BURNED. | 


[ocxvii. 71.— Endorsed.] 


1 


Rate for allowances for the ships burned for the I 


firing of the Spanish navy : — 
Captain Yonge's^ flyboat. of the burden 






of 1 40tons, or thereabouts, valued at 550 





Cure's ship," of the burden of 1 50 tons, 




valued at 600 





The Angel of Hampton, of the burden 




of 120 tons, valued at . . . 450 





The Thomas^ of Plymouth, of the 




burden of 200 tons, valued at . 1,000 





The Bark Talbot,* of the burden of 




200 tons 900 





The Bark Bond,* of the burden of 1 50 




tons 600 





The Hope," of the burden of 180 tons 600 





The Elizabeth of Lowestoft, of the 




burden of 90 tons . . . .411 


10 


Sum 5, 1 1 1 


10 


' The Bear Yonge (ccxxii. 74) ; Captain Yonge owne 
18 I.). 


{ccxvi. 


' It nowhere appears who or what Cure was. It may be an _| 


eccentric way of spelling Gary, but neither this ship, 


nor the ,^^^B 


Angel, is in any other list. 


^^^^^1 


' Belonged [o Sir Francis Drake (/*.). 


^^^^^1 


* A west country ship {ib.). 


^^^^^1 


* Seems to have belonged to Sir J. Hawkyns fji.). 


^^^^^1 


• Of Plymouth, WiliJam Han owner («.). 


J 



288 



DEFEAT OF THE 



[ooxvi. 74.] 

The particulars of such goods and provision as 
Thomas Meldrum, merchant, had burnt at Calais 
road : — 



Imprimis, the ship called the Elizabeth 
of Lowestoft, of the burden of 90 
tons, with all anchors, cables, ropes, 
masts, sails, tackle and furniture 
thereto belonging .... 
Item, for four fowlers containing 24 cwt, 
at 249. per cwt.^ .... 
Item, over and above the foresaid 
tackle, I cable of 10 cwt., one cable 
of 6 cwt., and a warp of 390, at 20s. 

per cwt 

Item, 8 double bases . 

12 calivers .... 

in shot, I cwt. 

in powder, 1 50 lbs. 

12 pikes .... 

6 tons of beer, at 42^. per ton 

in biscuit,^ 1 5 cwt 

3 barrels of beef . 

4 firkins of butter 
in fish, I cwt and a half of North 

Sea cod .... 
one wey of cheese 
4 doz. of candles . 

Sum 



X. 



i» 



i> 



>> 



I) 



M 



>> 



l> 



>> 



l» 



f> 



>> 



300 o 

28 16 



19 
16 

6 
I 

7 
I 

12 

5 
6 

2 



10 
o 
o 
o 

10 

4 
12 

o 

o 

13 



7 10 
2 o 
o 14 



o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 

4 

o 
o 
8 



416 10 o 



* The cwt., or rather the c, was at this time 100 lbs., and the 
qr. was 25 lbs. 

^ It seems improbable that in the threatening scarcity of 
victuals this biscuit, beef, &c., was burnt. Meldrum was very 
likely trying to get as much as he could, and if the Treasury 
would pay for the victuals twice over, so much the better for him ; 
but it nowhere appears that he got it 



SPANISH ARMADA 



289 



I 



Item, he asketh allowance for the ship's service, 
and for bringing of 30 men from Dartmouth to my 
Lord Admiral's and other her Majesty's ships, and 
for his wages. 

November I.— GARY TO THE COUNCIL. 
[ooxviiL 4, — Holograph. Addressed.] 

My humble duty unto your good Lordships : — 
Forthwith upon the receipt of your Honours' letters 
of the 2ist of the last month, I rode presently to 
Plymouth, where, understanding that the Roebuck 
being there then in harbour, and ready, as they said, 
with the next good wind to depart, I signified unto 
the mayor of the town of Plymouth and the officers 
there, and likewise to Jacob Whiddon, captain of 
the said Roebuck, what your Lordships' pleasure 
was — that such brass pieces that were taken out of 
the Spanish carrack whereof Don Pedro had 
charge should be laid on shore and put in safe 
keeping to her Majesty's use. And for the better 
satisfying of them for that point, did show unto 
them your Honours' warrant, which they promised 
to obey and perform. The said Jacob Whiddon 
confesseth the having but of 10 brass pieces, 
whereof he saith he laid one on shore at Portland. 
I did appoint Mr, William Hawkyns to receive 
those other 9 brass pieces, and likewise the 2 brass 
pieces in Founes' pinnace, and keep them to her 
Highness's use until your Lordships' pleasure were 
further known. 

And during my abode there, having under- 
standing that one of the Spanish fleet was cast on 
shore (at a place called Hope near Salcombe), and 
the great pilfering and spoils that the country 
people made, I rode thither and took order for the 



290 



DEFEAT OF THE 



restoring and rehaving again of all such things as 
either by search or inquiry I could find out, and 
have put the same in inventory. And took order, 
for the orderly saving of the rest, as weather would 
give leave, to have the same on land, appointing 
two head constables to attend that service, and 
they and others to keep several inventories. The 
ship is a hulk, and called St. Peter the Great,' one 
of those two ships which were appointed for the 
hospital to the whole navy. She is in burden, as 
they say. 550 tons, but I think not so much. The 
ship is not to be recovered ; she lieth on a rock, and 
full of water to her upper decks. They confess that 
there were put into her. at her coming out of Spain, 
30 mariners, 100 soldiers, 50 appertaining to the 
hospital There are now remaining about a hun- 
dred forty, or thereabouts. There was put into 
her as much drugs and pothecary stuff as came to 
6,000 ducats, of which I think there will come little 
good of the same, being in the water almost this 
sennight, the weather such as none could get 
aboard. There hath been some plate and certain 
ducats rifled and spoiled at their first landing, both 
from their persons and out of their chests. The 
ship, I think, will prove of no great value ; the ord- 
nance is all iron, and no brass ; their ground tackle 
all spent, save only one new cable. There are no 
men of account in the ship — soldiers and such as 
have risen by service, and bestowed all their wealth 
in this action. I have severed the captains and 
chiefest of them, to the number of 10 persons, from 
the rest ; eight of them I left to the charge of Sir 
William Courteney. and two of them, the one 
being the pothecary, the other the sergeant, 
I took to myself ; the others are put in safe 
keeping, and guarded both day and night ; and 
' See Appendix F. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



\ 



I 



have appointed i\d, a day to every of them, to 
make provision for their sustenance, until your 
Lordships' pleasures were further known ; which I 
humbly desire may be with some speed, for that the 
charge of these, and those of Bridewell, grow some- 
what heavy unto me. I disburse the money myself, 
for money is not to be received for the wines, Sir 
John Gilberte having disposed already of all the 
best ; the rest, through ill usage in this country, will 
yield but little, nor good for anything, as I think, 
save only to make aquavitae of, or such like. I 
would humbly desire the gift of those two Spaniards 
which 1 have, not for any profit, but 1 make trial 
what skill is in them. I am given to understand 
that there is remaining 14 barrels of powder in the 
Samaritan, of such as I caused to be taken out of 
the Spanish carrack and appointed to have been 
sent and delivered unto my Lord Admiral in the 
late service, according to my Lord's direction ; but 
the same was never delivered, and doth yet remain 
in the Samaritan, as I am informed. And so I 
humbly take my leave. Cockington, this 5th of 
November, 15S8. 

Upon the finishing of my letter I received a 
letter from the Mayor of Plymouth and other the 
officers there, which I send herein enclosed unto 
your Honours. 

Your Honours' always to be commanded, 
George Car v. 

N<n>mber 7.— GILBERTE TO THE COUNCIL. 
[coxviii. e.— Signed. Addressed.] 

My duty unto your Honours most humbly re- 
membered : — 1 have this day received advertisements 
by one Richard Blackater of Totness, merchant, that 



292 



DEFEAT OF THE 



came presently from St. Malo ; and the report there 
is. by a ship that came lately out of Spain, that the 
Duke of Medina was arrived, and hurt in one of his 
legs. Being at the Court, the King would not see 
him, but commanded him to his house. And there 
are 50 of the fleet arrived on the coast of Spain. 
The King prepared for another fleet, to be of 150 
sail of ships and 50 galleys ; he says French ships 
and all others of 80 tons and upwards. The King 
is coming in person to see the performance of this 
(leet into Biscay, and hath executed sundry of his 
officers that had the charge of the victualling of this 
last navy, for that the victual was bad, and not the 
quantity that they ought to have provided. 

He further says that there is i.ooo tons of the 
best and serviceablest ships of St. Malo's freighted 
for Spain, and they determine to carry victual, and 
expect plenty of Newfoundland fish, and pilchards to 
come to them out of these west parts. And here- 
upon, 1 have sent to the justices of Cornwall to make 
stay of the pilchards there, and to Plymouth and 
Dartmouth, that no victuals be transported till your 
Honours' pleasure be herein known. In Dartmouth 
there are some ready to depart with fish to St, Malo, 
which I have sent to the mayor to stay. Hoping of 
your Honours' good acceptance of this my duty, till 
further direction from your Honours, most humbly 
I take my leave. Greenway, this 7th of November, 
1588. Your Honours' most humbly to command, 
John Gilberte. 



November \7.-~ANTH0NY ASHLEY TO THE 

COUNCIL. 

[ccxTiii. 14, — Signed. Addressed.] 

May it please your Lordships : — Having received 

letters of the fifth of this present, I have accordingly 



SPANISH ARMADA 293 

acquainted the gentlemen with your Lordships' plea- 
sure for the deferring of the execution of the Span- 
iards, and do herein enclose a schedule of the names 
of those of the best sort, with their offices, quality. 
and their offers for ransom, as also of all the rest of 
the meanest sort, and likewise such of other nations 
as came in the ship ; with such other particularities 
touching the said persons as I thought necessary. 
But concerning the drugs, we have not found any of 
value, though by confession of the apothecary of the 
Spaniards, there were to the value of 6,000 ducats 
at the time of their arrival here ; but the simples 
which are of value cannot yet be found out ; those 
drugs which are saved are compounds, and therefore 
esteemed nothing worth. We have used what means 
we thought meetest, by examination and otherwise, 
to cause such money, ordnance and other goods as 
have been embezzled to be restored, the particulari- 
ties whereof as of all other things committed to my 
charge as soon as may be shall be advertised to 
your Lordships.' 

By late examinations taken of the Spaniards, I 
find that certain bezoar' stones and other simples, to 
the value abovesaid, were purloined out of the ship, 
of which bezoar stones I hope to recover the most of 
them. I have been bold to stay this messenger 
hitherto, thinking I should have been able to have 
advertised some certainty of them, but must now 
leave the same to my return, which shall be as speed- 
ily as 1 may. The ship being run upon rocks by 
the Spaniards, is now through the tempestuous wea- 
ther broken in pieces and scattered on the seashore, 
and order is taken for the saving of such things of 
the same as are anything worth. 

It may please your Lordships to signify your 



DEFEAT OF 

pleasure touching such of the company that are not 
Spaniards, as of the rest, as soon as your Lordships 
shall think convenient, for avoiding of the charge of 
their diet Those Spaniards that offer ransom will 
also pay for the charge of their diet until their de- 
parture, if so your Lordships be pleased to order ; and 
for the loan of the money for their liberty and grow- 
ing charges, they would send some one or two to 
collect and bring over the same. lo or 12 of the best 
sort are placed in a town called Kingsbridge, where 
order Is taken for the provision of their wants and 
account kept of their expenses ; the rest, until your 
Lordships' further pleasure known, are remaining 
together in one house, whither they were first com- 
mitted, where they are safe kept and provided of 
necessary food. 

1 am put in great hope to discover things of 
great value which belonged to the ship wherein Don 
Pedro was, that are embezzled, where,' as soon as this 
business is ended, 1 will do her Majesty the best 
service I can. 

i have found Mr. Cary very carefully to travail 
in this service, to the great furtherance thereof So 
1 humbly take my leave. From Ikon, Sir \Vm. 
Courteney's house, the 12th of November, 1588. 
Your Lordships' most humble, 

A. Ashley. 



[cczriii. 14, I. — Signed. Endorsed.] 

The names, offices and quality or place of all 
those persons that came in the hulk called St. Peter 
the Great, which was driven into a bay called Hope, 
adjoining unto the grounds of Sir William Courteney, 
and within two miles of Salcombe : — 







IP^V 




F 


SPANISH ARMADA 


-295 






The monthly 
pay or officers 




Offer* 






"^iiE"' 








Duals' 




Ducat. 




40 


Diego de Aler, captain of 100 soldiers 
embarked in the hulk, hath served in the 
Low Countries in the time of Don Juan, 
as ancient in the tercio of Don Fernando 
de Toledo. 








IS 


Diego de Salvateria, ensign to the said 

captain. 
Francisco de Silra, captain of the ship. 


ao 






13 


_ 






as 


Rodrigo de Calderon, comptroller of the 
hospital, brother to Coque Calderon, 
Audi lor- General of the army.* 


So 






8 


Alonso de Wuftoj:, gentleman, sergeant of 
the company. 


ao 






18 


Pedro de Samillon, overseer of the hospital. 


60 






— 


Gonzalo and Luis de Castillo, brothers, 
gentlemen adventurers, of Granada. 


150 






30 


the chief pothecary of the army. 


~ 








Gregorio de Taguada, had the chief charge 
of the sick. 


30 






10 


Francisco de Medina, the wardrobe keeper. 


30 






6 


Diego Martinez, keeper of the victual and 
diet of the sick ; is brother to the phy- 
sician of Juan Martinez de Recaldes. 

Juan Martinez, of Metgar, clerk of the 
hospital. 

Diego Soliez, gentleman, page to Don 
Alonso de Leyva ; thinks his master will 
redeem him. 


30 






— 


Francisco de la Dezima, distributor of the 
victual and diet of the sick. 


— 






6 

7 


Pedro de las Gtieoas, steward of the hos- 
pital. 
Pedro Hcmandei, corporal of the company. 


»S 






6 


Martin Ximenes, assistant to the pothecary. 


•S 






' Silver 


!ucats, worth about y. 






• The f, 


uditor-General was Martin de Aranda. Ped 


ro Coco ■ 


Ciidmn wa 


s a contador, an accountant {Uuro, ii. 84) 


J 



296 DEFEAT OF THE 

These following, being ordinary private soldiers, 
their pay 4 ducats the month. [2S of them, offer 
ransom of 12, 15, 20, two of 30 ducats ; three out 
of the burnt ship.] 

Spaniards that can give no ransom, being soldiers 
[67 in number], and mariners [n]. 

Portugal soldiers [13]. 

French mariners [10]. 

Italian mariners [2]. 

Dutch mariners [10]. 

John Gilberte. A. Ashley. 
George Gary. Chr. Harris. 



November \^.— JOHN THOMS^ TO HOWARD. 
[coxvtii. 24.— Signed] 

Right Honourable, my humble duty remem- 
bered: — And may it please your Lordship to be adver- 
tised of the great Spaniard*; she was lost at Studland, 
but, God be praised, there is saved 54 of our best 
men ; and there was lost 23 men, whereof 6 of them 
was Flemings and Frenchmen that came in the same 
ship out of Spain ; and by good hap there came out 
of Studland a small man-of-war and saved these 
men. It may please your Honour, the ship had a 
new foresail, which was in Nicholas Jones' hands, of 
Portland Castle, well approved by Mr. George 
Trenchard. So said Mr. Jones : ' I pray send for 
it : you shall have it, and a dozen of oars.' But it 
was least part of his meaning, for the next day the 

' Clerk of the prick and check at Portsmouth. In the ac- 
counts of the yard, the name appears as Thomas. 

* The San Salvador, on her way from \Veymoulh to Ports- 
mouth. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



297 



«aid Jones rode away to London, and left no order 
to deliver the same sail, neither none could be 
had. And please your Lordship. I charge him 
before Mr. Trenchard, that the ship or men should 
miscarry, that he should answer it ; for truly, if 
Mr. Jones had not a promised me the sail, I would 
not a defrayed any moneys upon her, but should a 
lien still. There be of his neighbours that are saved, 
and others of the company, that will venture their 
lives whenever they meet with him ; for all those 
that are saved will depose that he was the casting 
away the ship and the death of the men. Sithence, 
and please your Honour, 1 have been westward, to 
belay' all such masts, yards, shrouds and small ropes 
or sails that should come ashore, to be kept for the 
Queen's use or any of her 2 pinnaces. Their 
anchors,^ and please your Honour, there are marks 
taken where they lie, and 1 have given order that if 
they may have any fair weather they will sweep for 
them. There are 4 which weighs 30 hundred a 
piece, which 1 hope will help to quite ■'* this charge. 
The Lion, and please your Honour, is come into Ports- 
mouth, and have spent her mainmast, yard, topmast 
and yard, and topsail ; wherein I have taken order to 
have it brought into the dock, and I have promised 
to pay the charges; but 1 know not, and please your 
Honour, whether it be the Queen's charge or my 
Lord of Cumberland's. Here is no provision in my 
custody to help any of the Queen's ships if they 
should need ; not a cable, neither ropes, masts, 
anchors, spikes, nails ; but 7 bolts medernexes, 
which is most of them cut afore I came. 1 humbly 
rest, praying for your Lordship's health with much 

' To secure, take possession of. The N. E. D. has no instance 
exactly corresponding 10 this. 
' As regards their anchors- 
• Requite. 



298 



DEFEAT OF THE 



increase of honour. From Portsmouth, the 15th oT 
November, 1588. 

At your Honour's commandment 

to my poor service, 

John Thoms. 

The ship's masts were oak and clampered' 
together, nothing worth. 



November 26.— CHARGE OF VICTUALLING. 
[coxviii. 43.] 

xxvi'*'die Novembris, 1588. — An estimate of the 
charge of the victualhng, as well her Majesty's own 
ships, as also all other ships taken to serve with them 
in warlike manner, from the first of July, 1587, unto 
the last of December, 15S8, being one whole year 
and half; — 

First, the chaise of the victualling of j^ 
her Highness' own ships, by estimation, 
for one year and a half, beginning and 
ending as aforesaid .... 42,161 

Item, for the victualling of her Majesty's 
ships in harbour, within the said time, 
by like estimation ..... 3.730 

Item, for the victualling of sundry ships, 
as well on the Narrow Seas as also in 
the west country and coast of Spain, 
being taken from sundry parts to join 
with her Majesty's navy for their better 
strength, within the said time, by like 
estimation 20,4 fc 

Summa totalis 66,331 

' Palchfd Dp, buili. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



Dec. I.— SIR R. BINGHAM TO THE QUEEN. 

[Ireland, czxxix. 2. — Signed. Addressed : — ^To the Queen's most 
excellent Majesty.] 

Most gracious and dread Sovereign : — My long 
silence in not acquainting your Majesty with the 
occurrenls of this your Highness's province hath 
proceeded rather through fear to offend your Majesty 
by pressing too far into your Highness's presence 
with my rude and uncomely letters, than any way 
for want of a serviceable care to answer the trust 
and charge it hath pleased your Highness to lay 
upon me. Albeit, finding the manifold benefits and 
blessings of Almighty God poured upon us, your 
Highness's subjects, under the excellency of your 
sovereignty, daily to exceed all others your Majesty's 
neighbours, I have adventured, in the consideration 
of my duty and bounty of your Highness's favour 
towards me, your poor and faithful soldier, to present 
your Highness now with these humble and few lines, 
as a thanksgiving to Almighty God for these his 
daily preservations of your sacred person, and the 
continual deliverance of us, your Majesty's subjects, 
from the cruel and bloody hands of your Highness's 
enemies, and that lastly from the danger of the 
Spanish forces, defeated first by your Majesty's 
navy in the Narrow Seas, and silhence overthrown 
through the wonderful handiwork of Almighty God, 
by great and horrible shipwrecks upon the coasts of 
this realm, and most upon the parts and creeks of 
this province of Connaught, where it hath pleased 
your Majesty to appoint my service under your 
Highness's Lord l3eputy. Their loss upon this 
province, first and last, and in several places, was 
twelve ships, which all we know of, and some two or 



300 



DEFEAT OF THE 



three more supposed to be sunk to seaboard of the 
out isles ; the men of which ships did all perish in 
the sea, save the number of 1,100 or upward, which 
we put to the sword ; amongst whom there was 
divers gentlemen of quality and service, as captains, 
masters of ships, lieutenants, ensign-bearers, other 
inferior officers and young gentlemen, to the number 
of some fifty, whose names I have for the most part 
set down in a list, and have sent the same unto your 
Majesty ; which being spared from the sword till 
order might be had from the Lord Deputy how to 
proceed against them, I had special direction sent 
me to see them executed, as the rest were, only 
reserving alive one, Don Luis de Cordova,' and a 
young gentleman, his nephew, till your Highness's 
pleasure be known. Other gentlemen of special 
reckoning we had none, for the Count Paredes and 
Don Alonso de Leyva. with other gentlemen, being 
thrown ashore in Errls, the remotest place in all this 
province, and their ship all to broken, did afterwards 
by chance embark themselves in another of their 
ships and departed to sea ; but being again driven 
back upon the northern coast in Ulster, and from 
thence putting to sea again, are sithence, as I hear 
say. cast away about the isles going for Scotland. 
My brother George had one Don Graveillo de 
Swasso- and another gentleman, by licence, and 
some five or six Dutch boys and young men, who 
coming after the fury and heat of justice was past, 
by entreaty I spared them, in respect they were 
pressed into the fleet against their wills, and did 
dispose them into several Englishmen's hands, upon 
good assurance that they should be forthcoming at 
all times. And this,^ God be praised, was all the 
province quickly rid of those distressed enemies, and 

' Brolher of the Marquis of Ayamonle (Duro, ii. 364). 
* So in MS. ^ In this way, thus. 



SPANISH ARMADA 301 

the service done and ended without any other forces 
than the garrison bands, or yet any extraordinary 
charge to your Majesty, But the Lord Deputy, 
having further advertisements from the north of the 
state of things in those parts, took occasion to make 
a journey thither, and made his way through this 
province, and in his passing along caused both these 
two Spaniards, which my brother had, to be executed, 
and the Dutchmen and boys which were spared 
before, reserving none but Don Luis and his nephew, 
whom I have here, I was glad in one respect that 
his Lordship should take his way through Con- 
naught, for that thereby he might the better satisfy 
himself of what we had before performed here, 
and accordingly had written of. Other wrecks 
they had both in Munster and Ulster, which being 
out of my charge I have not so good notice oi. 
And this much I have boldly presumed to deliver 
unto your Majesty, though somewhat late, for which 
I most humbly crave your Highness's pardon, 
beseeching the Almighty God for your long and 
prosperous reign over us, and withal that we, your 
Highness's people, may daily grow in more thankful- 
ness towards our mighty God and Protector, who 
ever preserve your Majesty to our continual com- 
forts. From your Majesty's castle of Athlone, the 
third day of December, :588. 

Your Highness's most loyal 

and humble soldier, 

Ry. Bingham. 

[IreUad, czzziz. 2, 1.] 

Don John de Quintanilla.' 
Don Pedro Girosque,^ 
Don Alonso de Argotta. 
' The surname, with different Christian name, appears in Duro. 
^ Mentioned by Duro. 



DEFEAT OF THE 



Don Antonio de Ulloa.' 

Don Diego de Cordova.' 

Don Diego Sarmiento.'' 

Don Fernando la Serna.* 

Michell Dicas, ancient bearer. 

Pedro de Arechaga, captain of the ship." 

Bartolom^ Bravo, captain.* 

Serjeant Calderon,^ 

Francisco Maria Centeno,* 

Don Diego Martell. 

Don Aionso Ladron de Guevara.* 

Don Jaques de Mires. 

Giovanni Avauncye, master of the Rata. 

Gaspar de los Reyes, master.* 

Bartolom^ de Arboleda. 

Antonio Moreno.* 

Felipe Cornetes. 

Francesco Cortes, ancient bearer.' 

Diego de Allyon.^ 

Francisco de Espinosa, ancient bearer.' 

Juan Medrano.' 

Pedro de Acufia.^ 

Diego del Roncon. 

Francisco de Leon.' 

Don Diego de Santillana' 

Antonio Bazan, ancient bearer.^ 

Juan Gil.* 

Aionso de la Serna.* 

Bernardo Pineto. 

Sebastian de Carvajal, ancient bearer," 

' The surname, with dUTerent Christian name, appears in Duro. 

* Mentioned by Duro. 

* Captain of the Falcon Blanco Mediano {ib. ii, 140). 

* A captain of soldiers. He is differently mentioned as in the 
Gran Grin {ib. ii. 37) and in the Rata ((/'. ii. 67). 

" Master of the Gran Grin (ib. i. 391). 

* Alferez, or ensign bearer, at first serving on board the San 
Martin, on the staff of the Duke. As he could speak English, 



SPANISH ARMADA 



December.— HOWARD TO BURGHLEY. 
[cczix. 23. —Signed. Addressed.] 

My very good Lord : — Whereas 1 do perceive, 
by a note subscribed by the auditor, which 1 do here- 
withal send your Lordship, that there hath grown 
a surcharge unto her Majesty of 623/. lar. \\d. in 
this late service, by reason of certain extraordinary 
kinds of victuals, as wine, cider, sugar, oil, and 
certain fish, provided and distributed amongst the 
ships at Plymouth by my order, and Sir Francis 
Drake's, which was done as well to relieve such 
men withal as by reason of sickness or being hurt 
in fight, should not be able to digest the salt meats 
at sea, as also for the better lengthening of our 
ordinary victual when we should have gone for the 
coast of Spain, and which afterwards did stand us in 
great stead, both when we came to spend of that 
biscuit and beer which was sent us from London, 
whereof a great part was much wasted and spoiled 
in the carriage, and besides in making us able to 
help many of the coast ships with victual, which we 
did oftentimes when they were in want, but espe- 
cially at our being northwards in the pursuit of 
our enemies : I am therefore to pray your Lord- 
ship (albeit I must acknowledge this charge to be 
such as the like, I think, in former times hath not 
been), yet in regard of the greatness of this service 
above others, and that these provisions were used 
for the relief and encouragement of such upon 
whose forwardness and valours the good success of 

he n-as sent away in a pinnace (zaira), and picked up the Fal- 
mouth boatmen on the night of Jul/ 20 (see vol. i. p. xxxvii) ; 
afterwards he was sent on to the IJuke of Parma (Duro, ii. 229, 
'33t 373, 275), and presumably rejoined the fleet at Calais. 



304 



DEFEAT OF THE 



the service did much rest, that your Lordship will 
use all the favourable consideration you may in the 
allowance of them, which I hope her Majesty will 
not mislike of. There was also a further supply of 
beer and wine distributed amongst the fleet by my 
order, which 1 have now caused to be stricken out 
of the book, and for which I will myself make satis- 
faction as well as I may, so that her Majesty shall 
not be charged withal. And so, leaving all to your 
Lordship's good consideration, I take my leave for 
this time. From Deptford, this , . .' of December, 
1588. Your Lordship's very loving friend, 

C. Howard. 



[ocxbi. 23, 1. — Enclosure in the foregoing.] 

A conference' between the charge of the extra- 
ordinary victuals delivered in gross by order and 
warrant, and her Majesty's ordinary allowance due 
by the day, as hereafter followeth : — 

The ships serving under the Lord Admiral : 

£ ^. a. 
There was due for the victualling of 

3,770 men serving in the Triumph 

and 1 5 other her Majesty's ships, 

under the charge of the Lord Ad- 
miral, by the space of 14 days, 

begun the 14th of July and ended 

the 27th of the same, after the 

foresaid rate of 6d. to each man by 

the day . . . . -319 

Against the which ; — There was sent 

from London by Mr, Quarles and 

distributed amongst those ships, 

biscuit at "js. the cwt., 52,304 lbs., 

' Blank in MS. ' Comparison 



SPANISH ARMADA 



185 18 10 



183/. IS. 3(/., and beer at ^y. /^d. 
per ton, 2171. 2 puncheons i hhd., 
364/. 3J. lod. In all, as by certifi- 
cate under the hand of Richard 
Peter may appear 
Not allowed in Mr. Darell's account, but 
only set down here to prove the loss. 

And also there hath been distributed 
amongst them at Plymouth, by Mr. 
DarelT, certain extraordinary vic- 
tuals in gross, by order and war- 
rant, viz., at one time 243/. bs. 8rf., 
and at another time 942/. 12^. 2d. 
In all, as by the particulars thereof 
may appear . . . , .1 

And for their ordinary allowance of 
necessaries and lading charges 
during that time, by reason of the 
victualling in gross and not by the 
day 31 18 8 

Sum 1,765 2 7 

And so there hath grown a loss unto 
her Majesty within the said time 
of 14 days, by these extraordinary 
victuals, to the sum of . . . 445 12 7 

The ships serving under Sir Francis Drake : 

There was due, according to her 
Majesty's allowance, for the vic- 
tualling of 2,820 men serving in the 
Revenge and 30 other ships, under 
the charge of Sir Francis Drake, 
by the space of 7 days, begun the 
4th of August, 1588, and ended 



3o6 DEFEAT OF THE 

c '. J- 

the loth of the same, after 6d to a 

man by the day .... 493 'o o 
Against the which : — There hath been 

delivered to those ships certain ex- 
traordinary victuals in gross, by 

order and warrant, amounting unto, 

as by the particulars thereof may 

appear 67 1 S 4 

And so there hath grown a loss unto 

her Majesty within the said time 

of 7 days, by these extraordinary 

victuals, to the sum of . . . 177 18 4 

Sum total of the losses aforesaid 623 10 11 



I have examined the premises by the particular 
book subscribed by the officers of the Admiralty. 
8th of December, 1588. 
Exd. per John Conyers, Auditor. 



December \^— PETITION OF SIR J. HAWKYNS. 

[ccxiz. 28.— Engrossed. Endorsed] 

Your humble suppliant, as well by reason of 
sundry great payments growing by his office of 
treasurership of her Majesty's marine causes, and 
by the bargain made with her Highness for the de- 
fraying of the ordinary charges of the same, as 
through the last extraordinary accidents and charges 
about the late sea services, is thereby as well greatly 
indebted to divers her Majesty's subjects, as by 
reason of his late service against the Spaniards many 
great and unlooked for charges is thereby grown, 
and his accounts great and far out of order, and not 
speedily to be reduced and brought into form and 
perfection without great travail, pains and time to be 



SPANISH ARMADA 



307 



spent in performing and finishing of the same ; 
besides the private estate of your suppliant by these 
great payments both dangerous and much encum- 
bered, and his accounts, which he is, both in con- 
science and duty, to yield unto her Majesty, is there- 
by grown so great and intricate as, unless your 
Honours will be pleased to be a mean to her 
Majesty to spare him some convenient time for the 
better perfecting and reducing of the same to some 
good form and order, he shall neither be able to do 
her Majesty that service which in duty and fidelity 
he is bound and most desirous to perform, nor 
answer your Lordships' expectations for matters 
pertaining to his place. In tender consideration 
whereof it may the rather please your Honours to 
deal with her Majesty that Mr. Edward Fenton, 
one of her Majesty's servants, both honest and of 

freat fidelity, and for whom your said orator and 
is sureties already given into the Exchequer will 
undertake and still stand bound for, as also myself 
enter into any further bond your Honours shall 
reasonably devise for the better surety of her 
Majesty therein, may receive and disburse, from 
the first of January next until the last of Decem- 
ber, 1 589, in his own name and by his own 
acquittance, all such sums of money as is to be 
disbursed and laid out for and during that time 
in and about the ordinary and extraordinary 
charges of her Majesty's marine causes ; which to 
that effect (standing with your Honours' good 
likings and favours, and not prejudicial or any- 
ways hurtful to her Majesty) her gracious letters 
patents of the said office, granted to your said 
orator as treasurer of her Highness's marine causes, 
doth permit, suffisr and allow. And yet, neverthe- 
less, your said orator, to the uttermost of his power, 
and according to the duty and fidelity he oweth 



3o8 



DEFEAT OF THE 



to her Majesty (reserving fit and convenient time 
for the reducing of his said account into good 
form and order, whereby her Majesty may be 
justly answered all such sums of money as may 
happen to grow thereby due to her or any of her 
subjects), will also endeavour himself to do all 
those good offices which may best maintain and 
be most profitable for the good continuance, well 
ordering and preser\'ation of her Majesty's most 
royal navy, or anything concerning or belonging 
to the same. And your said orator shall be bound 
daily to pray for your Honours' long and good 
estates. 



Deceynber \\a\— WARRANT OF THE QUEEN. 
[ocxix. 29.] 

Right trusty and well beloved, we greet you well. 
Whereas we are made to understand, by a petition 
exhibited unto you (our Treasurer and Admiral), that 
our servant Sir John Hawkyns, knight, is desirous 
for one whole year, to begin the first of January next 
and to end the last of December, 1 589. to substitute 
and appoint in his place, as his lawful deputy, our 
servant Edward Fenton, for the receiving of all 
such sum and sums of money as shall be anyways 
allotted during that year for the payment as well of 
our ordinary as extraordinary charges which shall 
happen to grow in and about our marine causes 
during that time, to the end that the said Sir John 
Hawkyns may thereby have better liberty to reduce 
and put in order such his accounts, as he is to be 
accountable and answerable to us for such sums of 
money as he hath formerly received, by virtue of his 
office of treasurership for our marine causes sithence 
his entry into the same, whereby it may the rather 



SPANISH AJiMADA 309 

appear in what manner of estate and condition he 
standeth. as well with us for those accounts, as what 
may further grow due thereby to any of our subjects 
by that occasion : We have thought good, for the 
reasons specified in his petition, as well to grant him 
liberty for the time he requireth to compound and 
finish those his accounts, as also, at his humble and 
earnest suit, to admit and allow of our servant 
Edward Fenton to execute his place for that time, so 
as (in all sorts) his self and former surety and bonds 
may be answerable to us for such sum and sums of 
money as the said Edward Fenton shall, during that 
year, receive of our treasure for any our marine 
causes whatsoever. Commanding, nevertheless, that 
our said servant Sir John Hawkyns shall, from time 
to time, be aiding and assisting with his travail and 
counsel to further such our services as shall happily 
grow fit and necessary to be managed and handled 
in that time. Given &c. 



December 20.— WYNTER TO WALSYNGHAM. 
[ooxiz. 36.— Signed. Addressed] 

The service and duty I owe to her Majesty and 
love to my country forceth me to make choice of 
your Honour, by reason of some weakness in me 
that 1 cannot attend upon her Majesty as otherwise 
I would, to utter and discover a cause that, in my 
poor opinion, is to be regarded, which is a danger that 
this her Majesty's realm may be in by the malice of 
God's enemies and her Highness's, and what the 
means were, with God's grace, to prevent it. And 
albeit 1 presume to deal in a matter of so great 
weight, yet I hope, if I commit any fault herein, 
your Honour will shadow the same with your cloak,. 



310 



DEFEAT OF THE 



the rather because I was encouraged to it by your 
Honour, and for the secret choice I have made in the 
uttering of It ; most humbly iaeseeching your Honour 
when you have read this, and that you do not like of 
il, that then you will be so much my honourable 
friend as to suppress it Your Honour is the only 
person that ever I uttered this cause unto in par- 
ticular. 

Of what importance London is to the crown of 
England your Honour doth know ; and how much 
the same in all likelihood was desired by the enemies 
before declared, besides others that lay hidden, the 
coming and adventuring of the King of Spain's army 
into the Narrow Seas, and the preparations of the 
Prince of Parma made in the Low Countries, doth 
bewray it ; for before the armies coming as far for- 
wards as the Narrow Seas, I wrote a letter by your 
Honour's commandment, for answer to one of yours 
which il pleased your Honour to vouchsafe to write 
me, touching what I thought the Prince of Parma's 
meaning was for the employing of his flat-bottomed 
boats &c., that among other my answers. I doubted 
the Isle of Sheppey and the river of London.' But 
had I seen and known that which since I have done, 
I would have said flatly that their meaning was for 
the river of Thames and London ; which plot being 
then in their heads, no doubt but that it remainetn 
there still, and will hardly be removed until they see 
their hope made void, which is not likely without the 
providence of God, except that London be fortified 
as it may be able to make resistance for a time against 
an army, and that also certain points of the shore 
lying in the river of Thames may have sconces made 
on them, for both must go together. Which being 
done, I do verily think that neither the King of Spain, 
yea, although Holland and Zealand should revolt to 
' Cf. vol. i. p. aij. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



311 



I 



him, which I hope in God never to see, and that also 
the French king would join with them, but that our 
gracious Lady and mistress shall preserve herself 
and her kingdom in despite of them. 

The working and doing of it being carefully 
looked unto at the beginning, will amount to little in 
respect of the wonderful benefit that will grow by it, 
and the works brought to an end in short time. !t 
may be thought that her Majesty's navy had, and 
hath had, through the favour of God, so victorious a 
hand over the enemy that in likelihood it will be so 
hereafter, if any such attempt be made. I would I 
might not live to advise her Majesty to diminish the 
strength of her Highness's navy, for what a jewel the 
same hath been to the kings and queens of Eng- 
land in my lifetime, my eyes are witnesses thereof; 
as in the most noble King Henry the 8th time, 
both at Wight against the French king, and also in 
Scodand, as well in the east as in the west side of the 
same realm ; also in his son's time, King Edward, the 
army into Scotland, and the journeys to the islands 
of Guernsey and Jersey ; likewise in his daughter 
Queen Mary's time, the army to Conquet, and the 
recovering again of Alderney ; and now, lastly, in the 
Queen's Majesty's our most gracious mistress's time, 
her army to Leith in Scotland, the like to Newhaven, 
the several journeys into Ireland, the journeys into 
Spain and the Indies, and lastly this last God's gift 
against the Spaniards, besides a number that I leave 
unrehearsed. So that, weighing these triumphant 
things, the world might condemn me for a rash and 
careless person if I did not that which lay in me to 
advance the maintenance of them. But when I con- 
sider that ships are subject to wind, weather, and 
other I 



■ haps, 



good. 



build our defence only upon them ; for I speak of 



313 



DEFEAT OF THE 



knowledge, as no person shall be able to prove 
against it, if the King of Spain had men sufficient at 
Sluys, Nieuport, and Dunkirk, with reasonable ship- 
ping to transport them and their provision, the wind 
being at the North-East, and so to the eastward, 
and the Queen's Majesty having an army as great as 
that which her Majesty had any time this year, riding, 
as commonly ihey do with the like winds, between 
Blackness and Boulogne, the King of Spain's army 
might be in the Thames and danger ^ the principal 
matter, before knowledge could be given to our ships 
lying so upon the coast of France as aforesaid. I 
leave to speak of any army that might come out of 
Spain to annoy us, and to be thought of by such as 
are wise, what in probability so mighty a king as the 
King of Spain may do with his wealth, and what the 
puissance and force of a gross army of trained soldiers 
can do against a number of raw men, unexperienced, 
after they had once settled themselves in places of 
strength in the Thames (as by God's grace I shall 
never see it), your Honour can judge as a person of 
experience. 

It would greatly help that Sandwich might be 
fortified, being apt for that purpose ; also Harwich 
in Essex, and likewise Yarmouth in Suffolk;^ and 
how the same may be best compassed your wisdom, 
with others of honour, can best consider ; and thus 
you should put a defence to the face of your enemies, 
to the comfort greatly of her Majesty's good sub- 
jects everywhere. 

It may be alleged that if London be fortified, 
danger might grow by stubbornness of the citizens 
or practice of some great personages that might 
oppose themselves against their prince. Surely if 
any such should be intended, in my simple opinion 
the same might easily be prevented. 

' Endanger. ' So in MS. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



2^i 



Thus I thought meet to speak of as one that is 
desirous the work might proceed without gainsaying. 
And fearing I have been too tedious, for the which 
I crave your honourable pardon, I rest, beseeching 
God to increase you with honour and health. Written 
the 20th of December, 1588. 

If I might know that her Highness and your 
Honour do favour or like of this, I will draw a plate 
of the river of Thames, and set down upon [it '] the 
places needful where I imagine the sconces might be 
best placed (such one I left with my Lord Treasurer 
at my going lastly to the seas), for your Honour. 

Your Honour's in all dutifulness to command, 
W. WVNTER. 



Dec, 27.— THOMAS FLEMYNG TO BURGHLEY. 
[ocxiz. 40.— Neither written nor signed by Flemyng. Addressed.] 

Right Honourable : — Whereas, by warrant and 
commandment from the Lord High Admiral of 
England, I was charged to serve her Majesty at 
the seas for the space of five months against the 
Spaniard, in part" whereof I received by the ap- 
pointment of the Lord Admiral only for three 
months and half; and for the other six weeks, 
having charge of 36 men in a small bark of mine 
own, to be furnished with all necessaries, as of vic- 
tuals as wages, I have hilherunto received no 
allowance, the which, with his loss of cables, 
anchors, and masts, amounteth to the sum of 70/. 
at the least. My very good Lord, forasmuch as my 
charge in the said service hath been very great and 
chargeable unto me, and my attendance since my 
return from the seas, by these 1 5 weeks past, very 



' Omitted in MS. 



' Sc. part payment. 



314 DEFEAT OF THE 

tedious, I beseech your Honour therefore to have 
regard to my present state, and to take some good 
order for my present satisfaction in respect of this 
said charge, to my further encouragement in ser- 
vice, and daily prayer for the continuance of your 
Honour in all happy state. And so 1 most humbly 
take my leave, this 27th of December, 1588. 

Your Honour's most bounden, 

Thomas Flemyng. 



SCALE OF PA Y. 
[oexzxvil. 62. — A late report or copy, Hrc. 1638.] 

Expeditions at Sea. Anno 1588. 

A brief report made of the charge of the wages, 
diets, and entertainments of the Lord High Admiral 
of England ; 7 other admirals upon special occasion 
of service at sundry times ; 3 vice-admirals ; one 
rear-admiral; and divers captains, masters, mariners, 
gunners, and soldiers, appointed to serve her 
Majesty in the seas against the Spanish forces for 
one whole year, ended at Christmas, Anno 1588, 
according to the several differences of numbers of 
men, continuance of time, and rales of allowances 
and other charges, as hereafter followeth : — 

The regiment under the charge and conduct of the 
Lord High Admiral of England. — Men 3,868. 

To himself, per diem, 3/. 6i. %d. ; the Lord 
Henry, Lord Seymour, vice-admiral, 2/. per diem ; 
Sir John Hawkyns, rear-admiral, 15J, per diem; and 
for the wages of 19 captains at 2J. td. per diem 
apiece, with 22 masters and 3,824 mariners, gunners, 
and soldiers, and sometimes fewer, serving under 
them, as the exigent of time and need of service 



I 

I 

I 



SPANISH AHMADA 315 

required, viz. ; — Wages of mariners, gunners, and 
soldiers, at their accustomed wages, at several times 
as aforesaid, between the 22nd of December, 1587, 
and the 15th of September following, 1588; with 
1,431/. 19J. 6d. for conduct in discharge of the said 
companies, the sum of . . 22,597/. iZs. td. 

Regiment of the Lord Henry Seymour, 
admiral, viz. — Men 1,658. 

For himself, being captain and admiral, per 
diem 40J., from the 14th of May until the 15th of 
August; Sir Hen. Palmer, at 20s. per diem, from 
the first of January to the 13th of May ; Sir Willm. 
Wynter and Sir Martin Frobiser. at 20s. apiece per 
diem ; Thos. Gray, vice-admiral, at 6s. Sd. per diem ; 
for the wages of 12 captains, at 2S. 6d. per diem, and 
16 masters, and 1,625 other officers, mariners, gun- 
ners and soldiers, and sometimes a less number, as 
the services required, serving under the aforesaid 
Sir Hen. Palmer and the rest, at several times, 
from the first of January to the last of December 
following. 1588 ; with 222/. loj. lod. for conduct in 
discharge of the said men . . 11,031/. 13^. Sd. 

Regiment of Sir Fra. Drake, Knt. 
Men 2.737, 

For himself, being captain and admiral, at 30J. 
per diem; Tho. Fenner, vice-admiral, at 155. per 
diem ; 28 captains, at 2s. 6d. per diem ; 30 masters, 
and 2,677 other mariners, gunners and soldiers, and 
sometimes fewer, as services required, serving under 
them at several times, between the first of January, 
1 587. unto the 10th of September. 1 588 ; in all, with 
552/. 95. gd. for conduct in discharge ; 3.758/ 13J. 8d. 
for tonnage, and 343/. for sea store of sundry mer- 
chants of London . . . 19,228/. 1 2i. 5<£ 



3i6 DEFEAT OF THE 

Sea wages of merchant coasters serving her 
Majesty. — Men 2,789. 

Nicholas Gorges. Esq., admiral, for him and his 
lieutenant, at 13J. ^d. per diem; 50 captains, 51 
masters, and 2,686 mariners, gunners and soldiers, 
serving under him, after the rate of 14J. every man 
per mensem, shares and rewards in the same ac- 
counted; in all, with 2,264/. 6j. ?>d, for tonnage, 65/. 
14J. 2d. for prest and conduct, and 395. for rewards; 
serving by the space of seven weeks, from the 25th 
of July to the nth of September following, 1588, 
and 853/. 1 1 J. i,d. for the sea victuals, sum of 
7,330/. icxr. 9^^- 

Wages of voluntary ships. — Men 840. 

Captains, 1 7 ; masters, 1 7 ; and 806 other mari- 
ners, gunners and soldiers serving under them, 
between the 17th of July, 1588, and the 9th of 
September following, after the rate of 14J. every 
man, diets, shares and rewards in the same ac- 
counted, with 563/. \os. for sea victuals, 202^ for 
tonnage, and 40/. forareward, sum is 1,622/. 17^. 6rf. 



Other sea wages and victuals, viz. : 

Francis Burnell, captain and admiral of the Mary 
Rose of London, for her wages and tonnage, and 
of 24 other ships appointed to transport victuals to 
the navy southwards . . . 1,006/. 45. %d. 

Thomas Cordell of London, for victual delivered 
for 530 men serving under the charge of the Lord 
H. Seymour, for one month, begun the 26th of July, 
and end the 22nd of August following, 1588, 400/. 
i6i. %d. 



I 



SPANISH ARMADA 317 

Sea wages of 13 preachers, 26 lieutenants, 24 
corporals, 2 secretaries, and two ensign bearers, 
men 62, 852/. 6s. id. 

Provisions, emptions and extraordinary disburse- 
ments for the same service, within the time afore- 
said. 

Regiment under the charge and conduct of 
the Lord High Admiral of England. 

Emptions and provisions, viz., boats, oars, masts, 
anchors, iron and ironwork, timber, boards, lead, 
rosin, fiags, ensigns, streamers, and such like. 5.388/. 
OS. ^\d. ; water carriage, 920/. 135. yd. ; wages and 
entertainments, 48/. 4^. 6d. ; task work, 269/. los. 
lid.; rewards,' 220/. los. 8d.; travelling charges, 
440/. 1 4J. id. ; allowance for a diet for the Lord 
Thomas Howard and Lord Sheffield, 433/. ; in all, 
as by the particulars appear . , 8,742/. is. 2d. 

Regiment of Sir Fra. Drake, KnL ^ 

Emptions and provisions, viz., of canvas, masts, 
limber, boards, planks, and suchlike, 1,322/ 5^. ^d. ; 
water carriage, 83/. 3J. ; wages and entertainments. 
201/ 6.f. S,d.; task works, 330/. 4^. 9d'.,and rewards, 
160/. 4^. 6d. ; in all, as by the particulars appear, 
2,445/. 17^- 5^- 

Regiment under Sir Martin Frobiser. 

Emptions and provisions, viz., of anchors, iron 
works, flags, ensigns, leadline &c., and such like, 
223/. 6s. lid; carriage, 8/ 10s. 6d. ; task works, 
72/. 6s. 8d. ; travelling charges, 54/ is. yd. : in all, 
as by the particulars . . . 436/. lOi. 8d. 

' MS. has ' record,' which is nonsense ; a blunder of the 
copying clerk. 



3i8 



DEFEAT OF THE 



A new supply. 

Emptions and provisions, viz., of pinnaces, boats, 
masts, oars, sails, canvas, anchors, cordage, iron 
work &c., and such like, 3,108^^ cm. ^\d. ; carri- 
^es, 16/. 14^. \od. : wages and entertainments, 
a6/. ^s. ^d. ; task works, 176/. los. \od. ; travelling 
charges, 15^ 145. i\d. ; in all, as by the particulars 
thereof appear .... 3,379/- 8s, o\d. 



MISCELLANEOUS ACCOUNTS. 
[Pipe OfflM Deolsnd Acconnts,' 3224.] 

Prest, conduct, and coat money of mariners, 
gunners, and soldiers from divers places prested to 
serve in the aforesaid ships, viz. in calling to ser- 
vice after the rate of id. the man for every mile, 
according to the distance of the places from whence 
they were prested, 2,295/. ^3^- "^ : together with 
the prest, conduct, and coat money of the several 
retinues, viz. of the Right Honourable the Lord 
Charles Howard, Lord Admiral 120/.; the Lord 
Henry Seymour, 60/. ; the Lord Thomas Howard. 
30/. ; the Lord Edmund Sheffield, 30/. ; Edward 
Fenton, Esq., 20/.; George Beeston, Esq., 15/.; 
Benjamin Gonson, Esq., 15/. ; and Sir Robert 
Southwell, Sir William Wynter, knight, and William 
Borough, Esq., 90/. 

In all . . 2,275/. '3-^- '"'■ 

Conduct homewards being discharged from ser- 
vice at \d. the mile to every man 123/. 95. ; and for 

' For 1587. These volumes contain the naval accounts for 
each year in full detail. A few only of the entries are here given, 
those being selected which have some interest besides the market 
price of stores. 



SPANISH ARMADA 319 

the charge of the presters for presting of the said 
mariners, gunners, and soldiers, 151/. 45'. 2ci. 
In all the sum of 2,950/. 6s. ^d. 

Anthony Jenkinson' Esq., for his pains and 
charges sustained in attending the Council's pleasure 
by the space of 6 weeks for her Majesty's service 
intended on the Narrow Seas, with sundry her H igh- 
ness' ships under his charge, the sum of 20/. 

Diets to Thomas Lane and 135 other mariners 
by the space of one day, being the 12th of June, 1587, 
attending at Deptford Strand for the launching of 
the Ark Ralegh, by agreement of the said officers 
of her Highness' ships, the sum of 7 1 j. zd. 

William Byford, upholster, for the trimming of 
the captain's cabin and others for gentlemen in her 
Highness' ship the Vanguard, being garnished with 
green cotton,^ finding at his own charges all manner 
of stuff and workmanship . . - 15/- 8j. 8(/, 

William Byford upholster, for the trimming of 
the captain's cabin in the Ark Ralegh, Ending at 
his own charges all manner of green cotton,^ darnix,^ 
lace, copper nails, tacks, curtain rings, green and 
yellow fringe, mockado' and other necessaries, with 
the workmanship thereto belonging . . 39/ 6j. ?id. 

' The celebrated Russian traveller and merchant. He did 
not actually have any naval employment at this time, though his 
name occurs in lists drawn up in 1587, of sea-captains available 
for the Queen's service. 

' This early use of 'cotton,' probably some sort of chintz, is 
noticeable. Whether the colour green was a reference to the Tudor 
liveries, green and while, or mere fancy must be uncertain. 

* A coarse sort of damask used for curtains &c. : made of dif- 
ferent materials —silk, wool, or thread. Originally manutactured at 
Toumay ; Flemish, Dooniik. 

' Mock velvet, made of wod ; similar to what is now known 
as Utrecht velvet. 



DEFEAT OF THE 



[Pipe Office Declared Accounts,' 2225.] 

Provisions for sea causes extraordinary, for the 
furniture of divers ships appointed against the 
Spanish forces, under the charge of the Lord High 
Admiral of England. 

Flags, ensigns, streamers, and pennants Sic 
bought for the use of her Highness' ships in the 
foresaid service against the Spanish forces, viz. — 

Flags of St. George of divers prices, 32 ; £^ ,. j, 
whereof one flag at 4/. ; one other at 
3/. lor. ; 20 flags at 3/. the flag, 60/. ; 
one flag at 2/. los. ; 5 flags at 2/. the 
flag, 10/. ; and 4 flags at 20s. the flag, 
4/. 
All for the flags aforesaid . . . 84 o o 
Ensigns of divers prices, 15; whereof 
one of silk for the Bonavolia, at 
8i 6s. 8d. ; one other of silk for the 
Rainbow, 5/. 6s. 8d. ; 3 ensigns of 
fine bewper* at 4/. every such ensign, 
12/.; 2 other ensigns of fine bewper at 
3/. I cw. the ensign, 7/. ; 4 other ensigns 
of fine bewper at 3/. 6s. 8d. the ensign, 
13/. 6s. 8d. ; two other of fine bewper 
at 3/. the ensign, 6/. ; one other of 
bewper at 2/. 12s.. and other of 
bewper at 2/. los. 
In all for the ensigns aforesaid . 57 2 o 

Streamers in all, 70 ; whereof 24 
streamers at 225. every streamer, 

' For 1588. 

* A woollen fabric, similar to, if not quite the same as, the 
modern buiiting. 



SPANISH AJiMADA 


1 


321 T 


26/. 8j. ; and 46 streamers for the £ 




^1 


Ark.' the Victory, the Mary Rose, and 






the Swallow at zos. the streamer, 46/. 




^1 


In all for the said streamers . . .72 


8 


^1 


Pennants of sundry prices, to discern 




^ 


their company from the enemy, 110; 




J 


whereof 10 pennants at 205. the 




^^^^1 


pennant, 10/., and 100 other pennants 




^^^H 


at 2$s. the piece, 25/. 




^^^^1 


In all for the foresaid pennants . . 35 





^^^B 


More, for 102 yards of calico for flags 




^H 


at <)d. the yard 3 


16 


1 


In all amounteth to the sum of . . 252 


~6~ 


1 


Glass and glazing employed in and 




^_™ 


about her Majesty's ships, viz. new, 




^^^^H 


236^ foot, whereof 2i6| foot at 6d. 




^^^^H 


the foot. io8j. ^d. ; and 20 foot at 




^^^^H 


■jd. the foot. I IS. 8d. 




^^^^B 


In all, for new glass .... 5 


19 


^1 


Leading of 127^ foot of old glass, viz. 




■ 


95^ foot at $d. the foot, 28^. lo^d., 




^1 


and 32 foot at ^d. the foot, lar. Sd. 




^ 


In all, for new leading . . , r 


19 


f'i 1 


Mending of 8 casements 


2 


8 ■ 


Newquarrells* set in 4S5jquarrelIs'at 




■ 


zd the piece 2 





^J 


And making and mending of glass and 






lanterns by agreement, viz. new 




^^^^1 


making of two lanterns, 39J. Mend- 




^^^^H 


ing of a lantern, 8s.. and for glazing 




^^^^H 


of 10 new casements in the Van- 




^^^1 


' The Ark, as (he ship of the Ix)rd Admiral ; the other three, as ^^^^B 


representing the Hawkyns family. 




"■ 


' A quarrell was a pane of glass (Low Lat. guaftlius ; Norm 


■ 


gaarel; Fr. (arrcau). It appears here to mean also the frame in ^^1 


which the glass was set. 




^^^^M 


VOL. II. 


r 


^ 



332 



DEFEAT OF THE 



guard, \%s. 2d., and for mending the ^ 

glass windows in the Lion, 45. lod. 

For mending of glass by agreement . 3 10 o 

In all, for glass and glazing . . 13 12 7 

Overplus of diet,^ viz. To the Lord Thomas 
Howard for his diets serving her Majesty as captain 
in the Ark Ralegh and the Golden Lion against the 
Spanish forces from the 22nd of December 1587 
unto the 25th of August next, being 248 days, after 
the rate of 20s. per diem, as by a warrant from the 
Lord Admiral to the treasurer of the ships for pay- 
ment thereof did appear, amounting to the sum of 
24S/., whereof 2s. 6ii. per diem is borne upon the sea 
books for the foresaid ships, and the residue, being 
I "js. 6d. per diem, is by the said warrant here to be 
allowed, amounting to the sum of 217/. 

And to the Lord Edmund Sheffield for his like 
diets, serving her Majesty as captain in the Victory, 
the Dreadnought, and the White Bear during the 
whole time aforesaid and after the same rates, and 
allowed by virtue of the aforesaid warrants, the sum 
of 217/. 

Amounting in all to the sum of 434/. 

[Pipe Office Oeelared Accounts,' 2226.] 

William Byford for new laying, repairing, and 
trimming the captain's cabin in the Ark Ralegh, 
finding at his own charges all manner of baize, 
cotton, lace, tacks, thread, &lc. . . 6/. 18s. /^d. 

' The accounts of the ships for pay are all given. In all, the 
captain's diet is given at as. 6d. per diem. It is not lo be sup- 
posed ihai the captain of the Charles, the Moon, or the Golden 
Hind got the same emoluments as the captain of the Mary Rose 
or the Hojie ; but the difference does not appear in these accounts. 
No 'overplus of diet' is shown for any bui these two. 

' For 1589. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



323 



The said William for the garnishing and lining 
of the captains' cabins in the Vanguard and the 
Elizabeth Bonaventure, finding at his own charges 
all manner of stuff and workmanship . 5/. ic«, ()d. 

Lewis Lyzarde and Richard Jackson, painters, 
for the painting of the Mary Rose, dry-docked at 
Deptford Strand, the colours being laid with oil 
and her Majesty's arms, gilded and laid with fine 
gold, they finding all manner of charges and 
workmanship ..... 65/. OJ. od. 



LIST OF THE FLEET, 

[cexv. 76.— Signed. Compared with ccvi. 59, ccix. 46, ccxiii. 
2 II., cczv. 82, ccxzzvii. 15 (a htcr copy), B.K. Harl, US. 
168, f. 176, and very many other documents.] 

[No dependence can be placed on the tonnage of even 
the Queen's ships; it is given differently in aJmost every 
different list, and the differences are sometimes very great. 
The Triumph, for instance, varies between 900 and 1,100 ; 
the Victory between 600 and 800 ; the Tiger between 160 
and 300 tons. As for the merchant ships, the tonnage, 
with a few exceptions, is not given in the State Papers, 
and is here taken from the Harleian MS. referred to, and is 
probably not more incorrect than that officially given for 
the Queen's ships. The number of men is official, and, as 
it was checked by the pay lists and victualling accounts, 
cannot be very far wrong, though the frequent errors in 
the arithmetic do not give a favourable impression of the 
accuracy of the clerk who wrote the list, or of Langford, 
who attested it. In the partial lists the arithmetic is here 
corrected, but the abstract at the end is printed as it 
stands in the MS. The names of the ships are given in 
modern spelling. Wherever possible, the names of men 
{here distinguished by a *) are from their signatures ; 
failing which, from the signatures of known relations — by 
no means a certain comparison (see vol. i. p. Ixxxii)— from 
the form now in use, or after a careful collation of the 
different MSS.] 



DEFEAT OF THE 



Her Majesty's whole army at the seas against the 
Spanish forces, in Anno 1588 : — 









«- 1 




Qplaiai«idOffi«n 


No Ships' lOmc 


Tani 






roui 






MuiJcun- 


Sol. 














"" 










A<k . . 


80a 


370 


34 


126 


4=5 


The Lord Admiral 
Jft-. Sir 'Ed. Holjy 
jtfj-. Thomas Gray 
Li. Amras Preston 
Caitf. Jsaldn. Morgan 
jl/r. (;»«r. Saml. Gierke 
BliK. John Wright 
Kd/«. Ri. Leveson 
Thos. Gerard 
[Willm.] Harvcj 
[John] Chidley 
Thos.1 Vavasour 
^,*»/'j ™. : Fni. Bumell 
Newton 




Eliiabeth 


600 


IjO 


a4 


76 


350 


Earl of CumbcrUnd 




Booavenlure 












George Raymond 
Afr. James Sewell 
BisH. •Tristram Scarcbe 
Vol. [Robert Carey) 


3 


Rainbow 


500 


ISO 


*4 


76 


aso 


Lord 'Henry Seymour 
Bisn. 'Ri. Laiae 
Vein. Sir Chas. Blotmt 

Brute Brown 




Golden LioQ . 


500 


150 


24 


76 


250 


Lortl 'Thos. Howard 


S 


White Beai . 




300 


40 


150 


500 


Lord Sheffield 
Afr. 'Richard Poulter (T) 
1.1. H. Sheffield 
BisH. Robl. Baxter 


6 


V^pmd . 


5°° 


ISO 


^4 


76 


350 


Sir 'Willm. Wynter 
Ll. John Wynter 


7 


Revenge 


50c 


(SO 


^4 


76 


350 


Sir 'Fra. Drake 
Mr. John Gray 
Ll. Jonas Bodenham 
Prsr. Martin Jeffrey {?) 
Sim. Ri. Derrick 
Voir. 'Nich. Oseley 


8 


Elizabeth 
JonRS 


90c 


300 


40 


ISO 


SCO 


Sir Robt Southwell 
Mr.* John Austyae (!) 
Btsn. John Woodroffe 
















9 


Mctoiy. 


80c 


270 


34 


12fi 


400 


Sir John H»wkym 
Mr. [ Barker] (!) 
Blsn. John Edmonds 


10 


Antelope 


40c 


IM 


ao 


30 


i6a 


Sir 'Henry Palmer 



SPANISH ARMADA 







M„ 






Mo. 


Shipi'Nui» 








TM»I 


Ciptaim and Oflicf n 








Mu{. 


Gdn. 


l-J, 






" 


Triomph . 


.,» 


300 


40 


160 


500 


Sir 'Martin Frobiser 

IJ. Eliot (T) 

Blsit. •Simon Femiindei 




Drradnoughl. 


400130 




40 


200 


Sit Geo^e Beeston 
















BIsa. Harvey 


n 


Muy Rose . 


60a 


ISO 


H 


76 


250 


Edward Fenton 
SlsH. Lawrence Cleer 
Vclr. 'Henry Whytc 


14 


Nonpareil . 


500 


ISO 


24 


76 


250 


•Thomas Fenoer 
Btsn. I. C. 


•5 


Hope . 


600 


160 


as 


85 


250 


•Robert Crosse 

Mr. John Sampson (I> 

Blsn. 'John Vayle 


16 


Galkf Bona- 


— 


— 


— 


— 


250 


•Wiiliani Borough 


17 


Swiflsure . 


40c 


Tio 


20 


40 


iSo 


Edward Fenner 
Btsn. Willm. Mychell 


iS 


Swallow 


360 


no 


10 


30 


160 


•Richard Hawkyoa 
Bl!tt. John Bonnaa 


19 


ForesigW . 


300 


110 


20 


ao 


160 


Chr. Baker 

Bim. 'James Andrews 


20 


Aid . 


250 


90 


16 


14 


lao 


W, Fenner 

Frsr. Richard Bluclce (I) 

BisH. John RusseU 


21 


Bull . 


MO 


80 


13 


8 


xoo 


Jeremy Turner 

Blm. *Myhyll Pyrkyne 




Tiger . 




& 




S 




John Bostocke 


z3 


TramoDtana . 


ISO 


5S 




7 


70 


Luke Ward 

Btm. "John Pratlc 


24 


Scout . 




55 




J 


70 


Henry Ashley 


*5 


Achttfes 




4S 




7 


60 


Gr^ory Riggs 


26 


Charles 


70 


36 






45 


John Roberts 
Vc^lr. [Willm. Monson] 


27 


Moon . 


60 


34 






40 


Alexr. Clifford 


as 


Advice . 


50 


31 




— 


40 


John Harris 

BliH. Ttistiam George 


29 


Merlin . 


5° 








35 


Waller Gower 


jO 


Spy . 


SO 


31 






40 


Ambrose Ward 


31 


Sun . 


40 


26 






30 


Mr. Richard Buckley 


32 


Cygnel . . 


30 




- 


- 




Mr. John Sheriff 
BiiH. 'Geo. Wilkynson 


33 j Brigandine . 


90 








35 


Thomas Scot I 


34 j George hoy . 




x6 


4 


- 


34 


Mr. RL Hodges 



326 



DEFEAT OF THE 



Merchant ships appointed to serve westwards under 
the charge of Sir Francis Drake : — 



No. 

35 


Ships' Names 


Tons 


Men 


Captains and Officers 


Galleon Leicester . 


400 


160 


George Fenner 


36 


Merchant Royal 


4CX) 


160 


Robert Fhcke 


37 


Edward Bonaventure 


300 


120 


James Lancaster ^ 
Jacob Whiddon 


38 


Roebuck . 


300 


120 


39 


Golden Noble . 


250 


IIO 


Adam Seager 


40 


Griffin • • • 


200 


100 


William Hawkyns 
Mr, Samuel Norfolk 


41 


Minion . 


200 


80 


WUliam Wynter 

Mr. Nicholas Maunder 


4a 


Bark Talbot . 


200 


90 


•Henry Whyte 
Mr, John Hampton 


43 


Thomas Drake 


200 


80 


Henry Spindelow 
Mr, John Tranton 


44 


Spark 


200 


90 


William Spark 
Mr, Richsurd Loarie 


45 


Hopewell 


200 


100 


John Marchant 


46 


Galleon Dudley 


250 


96 


James Erisey 
John Greynvile 


47 


Virgin God save her 


200 


70 


48 


Hope Hawkyns 


200 


80 


John Rivers 
Mr, Roger Haley 


49 


Bark Bond . 


ISO 


70 


William Poole 
Mr, John Rock 
(Charles Caesar 


50 


Bark Bonner . 


150 


70 




- 






Mr. William Log^ 


51 


Bark Hawkyns 


ISO 


70 


Prideaux 
Mr, William Snell 


52 


Unity 


80 


40 


Humphrey Sydenham 
Mr, William Cornish 


53 


Elizabeth Drake . 


60 


30 


♦Thomas Cely 
Mr, Thomas Qerke 


54 


Bark Buggins . 


80 


50 


John Langford 


55 


Elizabeth Founes . 


80 


t 


Roger Grant 


56 


Bark St. Leger 


160 


John St. Leger 


57 


Bark Manington 


160 


80 


Ambrose Manington 


58 


Hearts-ease 


— 


24 


Hannibal Sharpham 


59 


Golden Hind . 


50 


30 


♦Thomas Flemyng 


60 


Makeshift 


60 


40 


Piers Lemon 


61 


Diamond of Dart- 
mouth 


60 


40 


Robert Holland 


62 


Speedwell 


60 


14 


Mr, Hugh Hardinge 


63 


Biear Yonge . 


140 


70 


John Yonge 


64 


Chance . 


60 


40 


James Founes 
Mr, Hugh Cornish 


65 


Delight . 


50 


40 


William Coxe 


66 


Nightingale 


40 


30 


John GrisUng 

Mr, Habakkuk Percy 


67 


Small caravel . 


30 


20 




68 


Flyboat Yonge 


50 


50 


Nicholas Webb 



34 ships ; 2,294 ™cn. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



327 



Ships set forth and pmd upon the charge of the 
City of London. 



Nd. 


Sh;p.'Nam« 


- 


M«a 


Captalo! anJ OIBccrt 


69 


Heicules. . . 


300 


120 


GeorceBarne 


70 


Toliy . 


aso 




Robert Barrett 


71 


Mayflowet 




90 


Mwrd Bancks 


7a 


Minion . . . 




90 


oho Dale 


73 


Royal Defence 


160 


So 


ohn Chester 


74 


Ascension . . 






oho Bacon 


75 


Gift of Cod . 


iSo 


80 


'homas Luntlowe 


76 


Primrose . . 




90 


Robert Bringbomc 


77 


Mai^iuet and John . 




90 


John Fisbei 
Mr. John Nash 
Lt. 'Ri. Tomson 
Voir. John Watt* 


78 


GoldtaLion . . 


140 


70 


Robert Wilcox 


79 


Diana . 


So 




Edward Cock 


So 


Baik Bdh 


160 


70 


John Serocold 


Si 


Tigtr . 




90 


William Casar 


8! 


Brave . . . 


i6a 


70 


WUIiam Furthon 


83 


RcJ Lion 


200 


90 


JcrvU wade 


84 


Centurion . . 


250 




Samuel Foxcrafl 


8S 


I'assporl . 


So 


40 


Chi, Colthurst 


86 




6a 


30 


John Biough 
WUliatn Aldridge 


87 




140 


70 


88 


Release . . 


60 


30 


John King 


Sg 


Geo^ Noble . 


IW 


So 


•Henry Bcllbgbam 
Afr. Richard Harper 


90 


Anihony . 


100 


60 


George Harper 
Mr. Richard Dove 


91 


Toby . . . 


ISO 


70 


Christ. Pigot 
Mr. Robert Cutlle 


91 


Salamander . . 


HO 


60 


Damford 
Mr. William Goodlad 


93 


Rose Lion 


100 


SO 


Bar. Acton 

air. Robert Duke 


94 


Antelope. 


120 


60 


Mr. Abraham Bonnci 


95 


Jewel . . . 


no 


60 


Rowell 
Afr. Henry Riwlvn 


96 


I'ansy . 




70 


Afr. William Butler 


91 


Prudence 




60 


Mr. Richard Chester 


98 


Dol[.l]in . 


no 


70 


Mr. William Hare 



30 ships and barks ; 3,ll 



328 



DEFEAT OF THE 



Merchant ships serving under the charge of the 
Lord Admiral, and paid by her Majesty : — 

These 8 served about 7 weeks in her Majesty's pay 



Na 

99 
100 

lOI 

102 

103 
104 

los 
|,06 


Ship's Names 


Tons 


Men 


Captains and Oflicers 


Susan Pamell . 
Violet . 
Solomon • 
Anne Frances . 
George Bonayenture 
Jane Bonayenture 
Vineyard . 
Samuel • 


230 
220 
170 
180 
200 
100 
160 
140 


80 
60 
80 
70 
80 

60 

50 


Nicholas Gorges 
Martin Hawkes 
Edmund Musgrave 
Charles Lister 
Eleazar Hickman 
Thos. Hallwood 
Benj. Cooke 
John Vassall 



^^ 



These ships and barks following served the whole 
time only for her Majesty's pay : 



Na 

107 
108 
109 
1 10 
III 
112 

"3 

114 

"5 
116 


Ships' Names 


Tons 


Men 


Captains and Officers 


White Lion . 

Disdain . 

Lark 

Edward of Maldon . 

Marigold . 

Black Dog 

Katharine 

Fan(^ 

Pippm . 

Nightingale . 


140 
80 
50 

30 
20 
20 

50 
20 

160 


50 

45 
20 

30 

12 

10 

10 

20 

8 
16 


Oharles Howard 
Jonas Bradbury 
[Thos.] Chichester 
Willm. Pierce 
Mr. Willm. Newton 
Mr. John Davis 

Mr. John Paul 

Mr. John Doate 



\ 



SPANISH ARMADA 



329 



The 


1 5 ships that transported 1 


irictuals westward : 


No. 


Ships' Names 


Men 


Captains and Oflkers 


"7 


Mary Rose . 


70 


Francis Bamell 
Mr. William Parker 


118 


Elizabeth Bonaventure . 


60 


Richard Start 


119 


Pelican . 




50 


John Clarke 


120 


Hope . 






40 


John Skinner 


121 


Unity . 






40 


John Moore 
Lawrence Moore 


122 


Pearl . 






50 


123 


Elizabeth of Leigh . 






60 


William Bower 


124 


John of London 






70 


Richard Rose 


125 


Bearsabe 






60 


Edward Bryan 


126 


Marigold 






50 


Robert Bowers 


127 


White Hind . 






40 


Richard Browne 


128 


Gift of God . 






40 


Robert Harrison 


129 


Jonas . 






50 


Edward BeU 


130 


Solomon 






60 


George Street 


131 


Richard Duffield , 


1 • 


70 


William Adams 



33 ships and barks ; 1,561 men. 

Coasters under the charge of the Lord Admiral, 
and paid by her Majesty : — 



No. 
132 


Ships Names 


Tons 


Men 


Captains and Officexs 


Bark Webb . 


80 


50 


__ 


133 


John Trelawney 


150 


30 


Thomas Meek 


1.34 


Hart of Dartmouth . 


60 


70 


James Houghton 


13s 


Bark Potts 


180 


80 


Anthony Potts 


136 


Little John 


40 


20 


Lawrence Clayton 


137 


Bartholomew of 

Apsam 
Rose of Apsam 


130 


70 


Nicholas Wright 


138 


no 


50 


Thomas Sandye 


139 


Gift of Apsam . 


25 


20 


— 


140 


Jacob of Lyme 
Revenge of Lyme . 


90 


50 


— 


141 


60 


30 


Richard Bedford 


142 


Bark of Bridgwater . 


70 


30 


John Smyth 


143 


Crescent of Dart- 
mouth 


140 


75 


— 


144 


Galleon of Weymouth 


100 


50 


Richard Miller 


145 


John of Chichester . 


70 


50 


John Young 


146 


Katharine of Wey- 
mouth 


66 


30 


"~" 


147 


Hearty Anne . 


60 


30 


John Wynnall 


148 


Minion of Bristol 


230 


no 


John Sachfield 
James Langton 


149 


Unicom of Bristol . 


130 


66 


ISO 


Handmaid of Bristol 


80 


56 


Chrbt. Pitt 


151 


Aid of Bristol . 


60 


26 


William Megar 



20 ships and barks ; 993 men. 



330 



DEFEAT OF THE 



Coasters appointed under the Lord Henry 
Seymour, whereof some were paid by her Majesty, 
but the greatest part by the port towns, according as 
order was taken : — 



No. 


Ship*' n™. 


To« 


MCD 


Ciptaini and OlEccn 


151 


Danid . . . 


160 


70 


Robert Johnson 


"53 


GaJleoD Hulcbins . 


150 


60 


Thoma. Tucker 


154 


Baik Liunb . 


ISO 


60 


Leonard HarbeU 


'SS 


F.ncy . . . 


60 


30 


Richard Fearae 


1S6 


Griffin . . . 


70 


35 


John DobuiD 
Maltbew Railslone 


"57 


Little Hart . 


50 


as 


'58 




7S 


35 


John Gatlenbuiy 
Francis Johnson 
Richard Mitchell 


'59 
160 


MariMld . . 
MatiSew 


ISO 
35 


\l 


161 


Susan . 


4° 


20 


John Musfiiave 


163 


William of Ipswich . 


140 


SO 


Bamabj Lowe 


m 


Katharine of Ipswich 


"5 


5° 


Thomas CrymUe 


164 


Primrose of.Harwich 




40 


John Cardinal 


165 


Anne Bonovtnlure . 


60 


50 


John Coiuiy 


166 


William of Kye 


So 


60 




167 


Grace of God . . 


SO 


3^ 


William Fordied 


168 


Elicbcih of DoTcr . 




70 


John Lidgen 
William Cripps 


169 


Robin of Sandwich , 




6S 


170 


H axard ofFeversham 


38 


34 


Nichola* Turner 


l?l 


Grace ofYatmoulh . 


150 


70 




173 


Mayflower . . 


150 


70 


Alexander Musgrave 


173 


William of Colchesier 




SO 


Thomas LttiDbt-it 


174 


John Young . 


60 


30 


Reynold Vcyscy 




33 ships 


MtdbaA 


s; 1.090 


TMU. 



Voluntary ships that came into the fleet after 

the coming of the Spanish forces upon our coast, 

and were paid by her Majesty for the time they 
served : — 



No. 


Shi)»'Nu» 


t™ 


Ua 


C>pMia>u>dOffian 


ITS 


Sampson. 


300 


loS 


John WingfieM 




Frances of Fowey . 
Heathen of Wey- 


140 


60 


JohnRashley 




60 


[30] 














178 


Golden Ryall of 

Weymouth 
Bark Sutton of Wey. 


I30 


[SO] 


- 




70 




Hugh Pearson 












■&> 


Caiouse . . . 


50 


35 


— 



SPANISH ARMADA 



i8i 


Ships- fJ=m« 


TODI 


Men 


CiIK^UudOffia.1 




ajo 


100 


_ 




mouth 








181 


■William of PlymoBlb 




60 




'83 


Gall^o of Plymouth 
BorkHolse . 


30 


ao 




184 


60 


40 


Giinfild Halse 


>8S 


Unicorn of Darl- 
moulh 


76 


30 


Ralph Hawea 


186 


Grace of Apsham . 


100 


50 


Walter Edney 


187 


Thonms Bonavcnture 


60 


30 


John-Pen tire 


188 1 Rat of Wight . . 


80 


60 


Gilberl Lee 


189 Margard. 


60 


46 


William llubUid 


190 EUmbeih 


40 


30 




igi Raphael . 


40 


40 




193, Flyboit . 


60 


40 






6S 




194 Greyhound ot Aid- 




40 




19s Elizabeth of Lowe- 








90 


30 




stoft 








196 Jonas of Aid borough 




35 




197 1 Fortunt of Aid- 




35 




1 botouEh 









33 ships and biubs ; 1,044 in 



An Abstract : 

Mm 
34 of her Majesty's ships, great and small . 6,705 
34 merchants' ships with Sir Francis Drake, 

westward . . . . . . 2 , 2 94 

30 ships and barks paid by the city of 

London . . . . . .2,130 

^2) ships and barks with 15 victuallers, under 

the Lord Admiral . . . .1,651 

20 coasters, great and small, under the Lord 

Admiral, paid by the Queen . . 993 

23 coasters under the Lord Henry Seymour, 

paid by the Queen .... 1,093 
23 voluntary ships, great and small . . 1.059 

15.925 
Totalis: 197 ships, 15,925 men. 

RoG. Langford. 



DEFEAT OF THE 



NOTES ON THE LIST OF THE FLEET. 



Ships. 

The following details have been gathered from many 
different documents in the Public Record Office and the 
British Museum. But the massof these is so great that, not- 
withstanding the assistance which the Editor has received 
from Mr. Oppenhcim, the examination of them has been 
far from exhaustive, and further research may very possibly 
modify some of the statements. It may be well to explain 
at the outset that the term rebuilding, which continued in 
use till the middle of the eighteenth century, had a very 
wide and varied signification, and meant almost any thing 
the authorities chose, from a slight repair to absolute break- 
ing up and working such of the timber as was found 
serviceable into a new ship, of totally different lines and 
tonnage. 

I. Built by Richard Chapman for Sir Walter Ralegh. 
Launched June 12, 1587 {ante, p. 319). Before she wa.s 
launched, she was sold to the Queen for 5,000/., which amount 
was, in 1 592, struck off Ralegh's debt to the crown (S.P. 
Dom. Elie. ccxlii. z\\ It will be noticed that in the letters 
here printed Howard always calls her simply the Ark. Haw- 
kyns frequently calls her the Ark Ralegh, i.e. Ralegh's Ark, 
in the same way that the Thomas (No. 43) is, in the list, 
called the Thomas Drake, or the Hope (No. 48) is called 
the Hope Hawkyns. She was sometimes, but as yet very 
rarely, spoken of as the Ark Royal ; later on, tiiis name 
became more common. In 1 596 .she again carried the flag 
of the Lord Admiral in the expedition to Cadiz. In 1608 
she was rebuilt, and renamed the Anne Royal. She carried 
the flag of Lord Wimbledon in the expedition to Cadiz in 
1625, and got home with great difficulty, leaking like a 
sieve. It docs not appear that she was ever at sea after- 
wards, and in April 1636, while lying in the Thames, she 
bilged on her own anchor and sank. She was raised, but 
on examination was found so much damaged and so de- 
cayed that she was judged not worth repairing, and was 
broken up. 



SPANISH ARMADA 333 

2. Built in 1 561 and named the Elizabeth Bonaventure, 
expressing a confidence in the future, as the Elizabeth 
Jonas (see /OJ?, No. 8) had been named in prayerful grati- 
tude for the past She was more commonly called simply 
the Bonaventure. Rebuilt in 1581. No ship of the time 
had such continuous and distinguished service. She was 
Drake's flagship in the West Indies in 1 585-6, and at Cadiz 
in 1587. In 1 590 she was commanded by Thomas Fenner 
in the expedition to the coast of Portugal under Hawkyns, 
and by Crosse in 1591 in the voyage to the Azores under 
Lord Thomas Howard, In 1595-6 she was with Drake 
and Hawkyns in the West Indies. In 1 597 she was with 
Essex in the Islands voyage, her captain being Sir William 
Harvey. Broken up about 1610. 

3. Buiit by Peter Pett, at Deptford, in 1586 (cf- vol. i. 
p. xlvi). She, as well as the Vanguard (No. 6), is described 
by Monson (p. 321) as ' low and snug in the water,' ' like a 
galleass,' though the San Lorenzo is spoken of (vol, i, 
p. 348) as high out of the water. Henry Bcllingham was her 
captain in Drake's expedition to Cadiz in 1 587 ; Sir Geoi^ 
Beeston commanded her in 1590, in the expedition to the 
coast of Portugal. In 1594 she was at Brest, with Fro- 
biser, under the command of Thomas Fenner; in 1596 was 
at Cadiz, commanded by Sir Francis Vere; and in 1597 
was in the Islands voyage, commanded by Sir William 
Monson. Was partly rebuilt in 1602; and rebuilt as a 
larger ship in 1618. 

4. More commonly called the Lion, Built in 1557; re- 
built in 1582. Portugal, 1590; Azores, 1591; with the Earl 
of Cumberland, 1593; Cadiz, 1596; Islands voyage, 1597. 
Broken up in 1609, 

5. More commonly called the Bear. Built in 1563, 
Like the others of the four great ships, she was thought 
too big for foreign service, and was not again employed 
during the war. She was rebuilt in 1600. 

6. Built by Matthew Baker, at Woolwich, in 15S6 (cf. 
vol. i, p. xlvi). Was commanded by Frobiser in 1594 in 
the attack on Crozon, when he received his mortal wound- 
Cadiz, 1596. Rebuilt in i6ig. Was vice-admiral, com- 
manded by Sir Richard Hawkyns. in Manselfs expedition 
to Algiers in 1620. Rebuilt as a larger ship in 1630. 

7. Launched at Deptford in 1577. Carried Drake's 



334 



DEFEAT OF THE 



flag in 1 589, and Frobiser's in 1 590. Was captured at the 
Azores by the Spaniards on September i, 1591, after a 
stubborn fight, which has been celebrated in immortal prose 
and glowing verse ; and sank five days afterwards. Accord- 
ing to Monson (Churchill's Voyages, xn. 194), judging by 
' the Revenge's precedent misfortunes, she was designed, 
from the hour she was built, to receive some fatal blow ; 
for to her, above all other her Majesty's ships, there 
happened these unfortunate accidents: In 1 582, in her 
return out of Ireland, where she was admiral, she struck 
upon a sand, and escaped by miracle. Anno 1 586, at Ports- 
mouth, being bound upon a southern expedition, coming 
out of the harbour she ran aground, and against the 
expectation of all men was saved, but was not able to 
proceed upon her voyage. The third disaster was in 1 589, 
as she was safely moored in Chatham, where all the 
Queen's ship's lay, and as safe, one would think, as the 
Queen's chamber ; and yet by the extremity of a storm, 
she was unluckily put ashore and there over-set, a danger 
never thought on before, or much less happened.' 

8. ' The 3 day of July, 1559, the Queen's Grace took 
her barge at Greenwich unto Woolwich to her new ship, 
and there it was named Elizabeth Jonas, and after her 
Grace had a goodly banquet, and there was great shooting 
of guns, and casting of fire about made for pleasure' {Diary 
of Henry Machin, Camden Society, p. 203). The ship 
' was so named by her Grace in remembrance of her own 
deliverance from the fury of her enemies, from which in 
one respect she was no less miraculously preserved than 
was the prophet Jonas from the belly of the whale '{£^«r/«* 
MS. zt^iji. 150). This refers, of course, to the Jonas. 
It had been the custom for nearly two hundred years, 
and has been so ever since, to name one of the largest 
ships in the navy after the reigning sovereign ; so that this 
great ship was called the ElizabeOi very much as a matter 
of course. She was rebuilt in 1598, and carried Lord 
Thomas Howard's flag in the Downs in 1 599 ; but had no 
other service against the enemy, and was sold in 1618. 

9. Launched in 1561. In 1586 she was ' altered into 
the form of a galleon," at a cost of 500/. Except a voyage 
under the command of the Earl of Cumberland in 1589 



she had no other service during the v 



In 1610 she was 



SPANISH ARAfADA 335 

rebuilt as a ship of i, 200 tons and renamed the Prince 
Royal (P.O.D.A., 2248). After the death of Charles I. the 
ship's name was again changed to Resolution, as which she 
bore Blake's flag in the battle of the Kentish Knock, and 
Monck's in the battles of June 2-3 and July 31, 1653. 
After the Restoration her name was changed back to 
Royal Prince ; she carried Sir George Ayscue's flag in the 
Four Days' fight, in the course of which, June 3, 1666, she 
grounded on the Galloper shoal, and was burnt by the 
Dutch. 

10. Built in 1558. Rebuilt in 1581. She does not 
seem to have served in any of the principal expeditions 
during the war. Rebuilt as a larger ship in 1618. 

11. Buiit in 1 561. Rebuilt in 1595. Sold out of the 
service in t6i8. 

12. Built at Deptford in 1573. Constantly employed 
through the war. Cadiz in 1587, Thomas Fenner; Portu- 
gal, 1589, Thomas Fenner; Brest, 1594, and Cadiz, 1596, 
Alexander Clifford; Islands, 1597, Sir William Brooke; 
on the coast of Portugal with Leveson and Monson, 1603, 
Captain ManwayrJng {Sir Henry Manwayring, author of 
the Seaman's DicHonary). Rebuilt in 1613. Sold about 
1644. 

13. Built by Edward Bright in 1556 {Cott. MS., Julius, 
F, liL, f. 105). Rebuilt 1589. Portugal, 1590. Sir John 
Hawkyns; Cadiz, 1596; Islands, 1597; Portugal, 1602, 
Captain Slingsby. In 1618 she was made into a wharf at 
Chatham. 

14. Built in 1556 as the Philip and Mary, Rebuilt in 
1584, and renamed the Nonpareil. Portugal, 1589, Captain 
Sackvile ; Azores, 1591, Sir Edward Denny ; Cadiz, 1596, 
Sir Robert Dudley ; Islands, 1 597, Sir Thomas Vavasour ; 
in the Downs, 1599, Sir Robert Crosse; Portugal, 1602, 
Captain Reynolds, She was again rebuilt in 1603, and 
her name changed to Nonsuch {P.O.D.A., 2220 ; 2243). 

15. Built in 1558. In 1584 she was 'brought into the 
form of a galleass ' (cf. No. 3). Portugal, 1 590, Bostocke ; 
West Indies, 1595-6, Gilbert Yorke; Islands, 1597, Sir 
Richard Leveson. Rebuilt in 1603, and name changed to 
Assurance. 

16. Built about [585. Proved quite useless as a ship 
of war. 



336 



DEFEAT OF THE 



17. Built at Dqitford in 1573. Portugal, 15S9 »ia 
1 590; Cadiz, 1596, Sir Robert Crosse; Islands. 1597, Sir 
Gilly Merrick. Rebuilt in 1607, and name changed to 
Speedwell {P.O.D.A., 2246). Wrecked in 1624. 

18. Built in 1558. Rebuilt in 158a Condemned in | 
1603. 

19. Built in IS7a Portugal, 1587, William Wynter, 
jun. ; Azores, 1591, Captain Thomas Vavasour; at the 
capture of the great carrack in 1 592, Robert Crosse ; 
West Indies, 1595-6, Wynter. Condemned in 1604, 

20. Built in 1561, Appears to have been rebuilt about 
1580. West Indies, 1585-6, Frobiser ; Portugal, 1589. 
William Fenner, who was mortally wounded in the attempt 
on Lisbon. Condemned in 1603, 

21. Built 1570. Condemned 1593. 

22. ' So called of her exceeding nimbleness in sailing 
and swiftness of course' — that is, In anticipation (^Egerton 
MS. 2642, f 1 50). Built 1 570. Condemned 1605. 

23. Built by Chapman, at Deptford, in 1586, Cadiz in 
1596. Broken up in i6l8. 

24. Built 1577. Condemned in 1604. 

25. Built at Deptford in 1573. Condemned in 1604, 

26. Built by Baker, at Woolwich, in 15S6. Sold in 
1616. 

Of the merchant ships there is but little recorded, and 
that rather by accident than design. The names, too, of many 
of them can scarcely be considered distinguishing marks. 

35. Was built apparently about 1580 as the Galleon 
Ughtred, the property of Henry Ughtred. In 1582 the 
Earl of Leicester, in conjunction with Ughtred, Drake, 
and others, fitted out an expedition designed for the South 
Seas, in which this ship was the admiral, commanded by 
Edward Fenton. Her name was then changed, out of 
compliment to Leicester, who was by far the largest sub- 
scriber and not improbably became her owner. She was 
afterwards the rear-admiral with Drake in the West Indies 
in 1585-6, and was the ship in which Cavendish made his 
last voy^e in 1591. 

36, 37. Both of these belonged to the Levant Company, 
represented by Thomas Cordell, merchant. No. 37 was with 
Fenton in 1582, commanded by Luke Ward. Both of them 
sailed in 1591 for India round the Cape of Good Hope. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



337 



Lancaster being captain of the Edward Bonavcnturc. Tlie 
Merchant Royal came home from the Cape with invalids ; 
and the Penelope, the admiral of the voyage, went down in 
a storm off Cape Cornentes. The Edward Bonaventure 
pursued the voyage alone, and returned safe in 1593 with 
a very valuable cargo. This was the first voyage to India 
made by an English ship, and led directly to the foundation 
of the East India Company. 

38. Belonged to Sir Walter Ralegh. 

41. In the West Indies in the expedition of 1585-6. 
She was then commanded by Thomas Cely, presumably 
the same who, after being in prison for many years at St. 
Mary Port, commanded the Elizabeth Drake (No. 53) 
against the Armada. 

42. In the West Indies, 1585-6. She was burnt at 
Calais on the night of Ju!y 28-39, 1588, 

43. The Thomas belonged to Sir Francis Drake, and 
was with him in the West Indies, 1585-6, commanded by 
his brother Thomas. She was burnt at Calais, 

47. Belonged to Sir Richard Greynvile. 

48. Belonged to William Hart ; was burnt at Calais. 

49. In the expedition of 1585-6, commanded by 
Robert Crosse. Belonged to Sir John Hawkyns. Was 
burnt at Calais. 

50. In the expedition of 1585-6. 

59. The pinnace that brought in the news of the 
Armada being off the Lizard. She must not be confused 
with the Golden Hind in which Francis Drake went round 
the world, which was more than twice her size. 

63. The Bear, belonged to John Yonge ; was burnt at 
Calais. 

65. Belonged to Sir William Wynter. 

77. Belonged to John Watts {B.M. Lansd. MS. cxliii. 
39). For her size, she took a prominent part in the fighting 
of the year (see vol. i. p. 346; ante, pp. 104-S). In 1590 
she was one of a squadron of merchantmen coming home 
from the Mediterranean, and fought a severe action with 
the Spanish galleys off Cadiz, which they succeeded in 
beating off. With her, in this action, were ships of the 
same name as Nos. 74, S4, 100, loi, 106, 131 ; but it cannot 
be certainly said that all of these were the same ships, 
though it is probable that they were, 

VOU II. Z 



338 DEFEAT OF THE 

87. 99. 103. Belonged to the Levant Company, repre- 
sented by Thomas Cordell (^S,P. Dom. Eliz. ccxix. 86 ; 
B,M. Lansd. MS. cxliii. 33). 

107. Appears to have been a Queen's ship. 

108. Though spoken of as the Lord Admiral's pinnace, 
she was really a Queen's ship (see ante^ p. 241), built by 
Chapman in 1585. She was the ship that opened the en- 
gagement on July 21. 

no. Belonged to Edward Pycke — probably Peek. 

1 14. Appears to have been a Queen's ship. 

125. The name, sometimes written Bearsabee, has no 
apparent meaning. Bathsheba is one of many suggestions. 
Very possibly it was originally a compound, similar to 
Bear Yonge (No. 63), the last half of which is hopelessly 
corrupt. 

131. Mr. Duffield's ship Richard, one of those with 
No. 77 in 1590. 

137. Apsam, now Topsham. 

148-151. Belonged to John Sachfield. 

168. In many lists is called Elinathan ; probably a 
clerical blunder, which has been repeated. 

175. Belonged to the Earl of Cumberland. 

178. Belonged to Thomas Middleton (see ante, p. 118). 

193. Belonged to Sir Richard Greynvile. 

195. Belonged to Thomas Meldrum. Was burnt at 
Calais (see antey p. 288). 

Men. 

Most of the men named in the list, of whom anything 
is known, have been already noticed and can be referred to 
in the index. A few notes are here added. The names in 
brackets are supplied from other sources : they are pro- 
bably correct, but are not absolutely certain. 

2. The Earl of Cumberland held an anomalous position. 
He is returned in the official list as captain of the E. Bona- 
venture, but appears to have been, in reality, only a 
volunteer. There is no mention of his having any pay ; 
and on the other hand, in the accounts of the ship {Pipe 
Office Declared Accounts, 2225), Raymond is recognised as 
sole captain and receives the captain's diet. James Sewell 
{S,P. Dom. Eliz. Addenda, xxx. 12) may perhaps be the 
same as the Captain Sewell spoken of by Monson (p. 175) 



SPANISH ARMADA 



339 



as having escaped from the Spanish galleys, in which he 
had been prisoner for four years, and swum off to the 
English prior to the attack at Cezimbra on June 3, 1602. 
The identification is, however, quite uncertain. 

5, Richard Poulter was one of the Principal Masters. 
He is named (P.O.D.A. 2226) as master of the White Bear 
in 1589. That he was so in 1588, with Howard's nephew, 
is very probable, but doubtful. 

7. Martin Jeffrey, purser of the Revenge in 1589 
(P.O.D.A. 2226) ; most probably also in 1 588. 

8. John Austyne, one of the Principal Masters of the 
Navy (see ante, p. 249). It seems natural that Howard, 
who had one of the Principal Masters in his own ship, 
should have another with his son-in-law. 

9. Captain Barker is said by Hakluyt to have been in 
command of the Victory. This he certainly was not, but 
may have been her master, 

n. Eliot (see anfe, p. 349). He may have been the 
master, or only a volunteer. A Lawrence Eliot was with 
Drake in the Golden Hind, not improbably the master 
{S.P. Dom. Eliz. cliii. 49). Simon Fernandez was with 
Amadas in the Virginian voyage of 1584, and in 1585 was 
master of the Tiger, with Sir Richard Greynvile. the 
admiral of the expedition. Hakluyt (iii. 253) says that, 
going into the harbour of Wocokon, 'through the unskil- 
fulness of the master the admiral struck on ground and 
sunk.' That was on June 29 ; but as the Tiger sailed 
for England on August 25 and arrived at Falmouth on 
October 6, her sinking did not do her much harm. 

1 5- John Sampson (see ante, p. 182}. 

18. Richard Hawkyns, son of Sir John, was captain of 
the Duck, with Drake in the West Indies, in 1 5S5-6 ; and 
in 1590, of the Crane, with his father on the coast of 
Portugal. In 1593 he sailed in command of the Dainty on 
a voyage to the South Seas ; and in June 1594 was cap- 
tured in the bay of San Mateo. He was sent a prisoner to 
Spain, and did not return to England till 1602. In 1620 
he was vice-admiral of the expedition against Algiers, 
under Sir Robert Manscll ; and died suddenly in 1622. 
He was the author of ' Observations in his Voiage into 
the South Sea,' first published in 1622, and twice re- 
printed by the Hakluyt Society. 



340 



DEFEAT OF THE 



20, Richard Blucke was purser of the Aid in 1589. 

26. William Monsoti, knighted at Cadiz in 1596; after- 
wards admiral of the Narrow Seas and vice-admiral of 
England. Author of the Naval Tracts. He himself 
says he was the lieutenant of the Charles ; but the Charles 
was not allowed a lieutenant. 

27. Alexander Clifford commanded the Dreadnought 
at Brest in 1594, and again in the expedition to Cadiz in 
1596, when he was knighted. 

40. William Hawkyns was probably the son of the 
Mayor of Plymouth ; but the name was not uncommon, and 
the identification is doubtful. 

45. Marchant is spoken of as ' brother,' that is, brother- 
in-law, of Robert Crosse (Wright's Queen Elisabeth, ii. 421), 

46, James Ensey, captain of the White Lion in the 
West Indies in 1585-6. His grandfather. James Erisey, 
married Christiana, youngest daughter of Roger Greynvile 
of Stow. This would seem to be an older Roger than Sir 
Richard Grcynvile's father ; but the name was common in 
the family. Erisey himself married Elizabeth, daughter of 
Thomas Carew of Anthony {^Vuilaticn of Cornwall, 1630, 
Harl. Soc. pp. 160-4). 

51, 82, 93. I'ridcaux, Furthow, Acton, may probably 
be identified with the men of these names who were with 
Lane in Virginia in 1585-6 (Hakluyt, iii. 254). 

77. John Watts (see vol. i. p. 350), a wealthy merchant 
and ship-owner ; knighted in 1603, Lord Mayor in t6o6. 
He married a daughter of Sir James Hawes, Lord Mayor 
in 1574 ; and, dying about 1616, left large estates in Norfolk 
and Herts to his sons. 

107- This may have been the Lord Admiral's son ; but 
probably a more distant relation. His name does not appear 
elsewhere in these papers. 

131. In 159S William Adams sailed as pilot-major of 
a fleet of merchant ships fitted out from Rotterdam, and 
after many adventures and hardships arrived in Japan, 
where he entered the service of the Shogun and was mainly 
instrumental in the first opening of the country to European 
trade. He died in Japan in 1620, and three years later the 
English factory was broken up. 

133. A Thomas Meek was in the Golden Hind with 
Drake in his voyage round the world {^S.P. Dom. EHs. 
cliii. 49]. 



SPANISH ARMADA 



341 



148. There can be little doubt that this name is a 
corruption of Sackvile. Probably the Captain Sackvile 
who commanded the Nonpareil in 1589. 

18S. The following Report {B.M. Lansd. MS. Ivii. 25) 
was not found in time to insert it in its place in the body 
of the work ; it is of no great importance, and its facts arc 
grossly inaccurate ; but as embodying the current rumours 
picked up by an intelligent man, is not without interest. 
The examination was presumably made by the Earl of 
Sussex, but it is not so stated. 

The Report of Mr. Gilbert Lee, lately come from the 
coast of Spain and arrived here at Portsmouth the sth of 
July, 1588. 

He saith that upon the 25th of May after their compu- 
tation, there departed out of Lisbon for England one 
hundred and threescore sail of small and great ships, vi?.. 
four galleys, four galleasses, thirty hulks, thirty small ships, 
the rest armados and galleons. In the same fleet there is 
30,000 footmen beside mariners, which fleet arrived in the 
Groyne, all saving the thirty hulks, which hulks are yet 
missing. The vice-admiral of the whole fleet is dead, and 
the sickness increascth in the fleet. The general, being the 
Duke of Medina, hath written to the King to know his 
pleasure for the proceeding in his voyage. The fleet lieth 
within the Groyne, in three several roads, three leagues one 
from another ; and he saith that if there had come but 50 
sail of ships, by reason of the sickness and being so dis- 
persed, they might have burned them all. There is a prepara- 
tion for a second fleet in Lisbon, which shall likewise come 
for England. The King of Spain and the Turk hath con- 
cluded league for a certain time. This news he learned by 
three several ships, which he stayed and took upon the 
coast of Biscay ; in one of them this news was confirmed 
by several Spanish letters directed for Antwerp. 

One that is part merchant and a passenger, being in a 
ship that is here now, saith that he will affirm upon the loss 
of his life that all this is true. This ship came from 
Bayona about 20 days past, and sailh he left all this whole 
fleet in the Groyne, saving the 30 hulks that be missing, 
wherein all the horses be ; since which time he saith they 
have had no southerly wind whereby the fleet could well 



342 THE SPANISH ARMADA 

come out of the Groyne, until this three or four days ; artd 
upon receipt of the King's answer, they were presently 
determined to come for England. He saith also that the 
soldiers and gentlemen that come on this voyage are very 
richly appointed, assuring themselves of good success ; in 
so much as they might take up any wares there to repay 
it upon the booty they should take in England. The 
Duke of Parma did send a ship from Dunkirk to Lisbon, 
wherein there was an ambassador and four score pilots, 
upon whose arrival the fleet departed presently. There 
was a report there that the Duke of Parma had come with his 
force out of Flanders and entered the Thames and taken 
London without resistance, whereupon they were about to 
make bonfires. 

The Englishmen that be in Spain do report very foul 
speeches of the Queen's Majesty ; and they and the Spa- 
niards desire but to set foot on land and all shall be theirs. 
He saith they made a just account to be received in Scot- 
land. He saith also that he met with 25 sail of Frenchmen 
upon the coast of Biscay, which came from Lisbon, and 
after some conflict between them and hurt done on both 
parts, they departed, and whither they went he knoweth 
not. 

I asked Captain Lee whether he saw my Lord Admiral 
at sea or not, and he saith he saw none of the fleet 

It is not impossible that, whilst staying these mer- 
chant vessels and gathering these rumours, Lee did not 
neglect his own interests. A series of depositions from 
Rouen and Dieppe dated in June {B,M, Lansd, MS, cxlviii, 
148-153) accuse him of plundering a harmless French 
trader of Rouen ; and a letter from Prince Maurice to the 
Council {S,P. Holland^ Ivi. August 20) charges him with 
having seized certain Dutch ships trading to Bayona, 
brought them to the Isle of Wight, and there sold their 
goods without any legal process. On the other hand, it is 
quite possible that the ships and goods were, under the 
circumstances, lawful prize. The evidence in support of 
Lee's claim, or the decision of the Admiralty Court, has not 
been found ; but the French depositions distinctly name 
the Rat, and there is no doubt that the Rat was, at the time, 
in the Queen's service. 



343 



APPENDIX A. 

CAPTAIN CELY'S LETTERS FROM PRISON 

IN ST. MARY PORT. 



December \2, \n^.— TO THE QUEEN. 
[8.P. Spain, xvi. — Holograph.] 

In Andalusia, the 1 2th of December, in Puerto Santa 
Maria, 1579. 

My duty remembered, your poor obedient servant, 
Thomas Cely of Bristol, wisheth your Majesty health and 
prosperity to God's good will and pleasure. Amen. For 
that my bringing up hath not been such to write dutily unto 
your Majesty, I crave pardon if my pen run astray, for 
that I am where I cannot attain to counsel, neither will 
I that any man shall understand that I write, for that I am 
sworn by the Inquisition of Spain neither to speak, neither 
yet to write nothing touching the secrets of the Inquisition 
or their house, where I was three years in close prison, for 
God's cause and yours, and all my goods taken from me 
most unjustly ; for God I take to witness, I never did any- 
thing contrary to Spain in all the days of my life. 

Notwithstanding these great injuries, they have con- 
demned me to the galleys for four years. Three of them 
within 2 months be past. My friends hath procured your 
Majesty's favourable letters for me, but they do not avail, 
but I pray God I may be thankful for your Highness's 
good will towards me. There is in the galley where I am 
a woman, which woman is a courtesan, and is daily in the 
company with the captains where she doth hear much. 



344 THE SPANISH ARMADA 

She is of Alexandria and is amiga to one of the captains 
of the infantry. This woman doth talk with me very 
often, and I make fair weather with her, and for such talk 
as passeth with the captains 1 am sure to understand. 1 am 
in one of the chambers in the galley where I do her plea- 
sure to suffer her friends to talk with her, so she doth what 
she can for me. I thought it good to move your Majesty, 
for that their communications hath been such that a-force 
I must needs venture my life to write, for that they touch 
your Majesty and your country very much. 

I do think it good to trouble my Lord Treasurer with 
these affairs, for that I will not trouble your head with a 
long letter. My Lord Treasurer's wise and politic head 
will, with forty words, put into your head more in a quarter 
of an hour than I shall with writing of lo sheets of paper. 
I have written unto your Majesty 2 letters touching other 
affairs ; but I wrote in the last letter, which I sent by one 
Pease of Weymouth, that I would be worth a hundred 
thousand pounds a year to your subjects and forty thousand 
pounds a year to your cofferF. 1 hear nothing from you. 
I fear you doubt I work for my liberty. Truly liberty 
I desire, and one year I have to accomplish and 2 months, 
and have nothing but ill biscuit and water : but my trust is 
in God, to attain to my country ; and if I may be heard, 
I trust God will give me the grace to accomplish my word, 
if not, strike off my head as a traitor. 

I am in a galley called the Estrella, otherwise called 
the Espera, in misery. I thank God I am whole of my 
rackings. All my study in close prison hath been for your 
common wealths. Send me, for God's love, to pa.ss this 
year to come, and bear with my rude and bold manners. 
I marvel you have not the fruitfullest ' island in the world. 
You may if you will put to your hands. 

I would fain copy out this letter for that 1 doubt your 
Majesty will be troubled with reading of it. Have patience ' 
with you, and take some pains with reading of it, for that 
I dare not write any longer. This I omit, committing your 
Majesty to God's good will and pleasure. Amen, and all 
his elect wheresoever. My prayer daily you have and 
shall have, as my boundcn duty. Peruse my Lord Trea- 



' MS. frutefools. 



' MS, pasie. 



APPENDIX A 



345 



surer's letter, and keep well the Queen of Scots, and sure. 
This counsel 1 need not give, but my pen will not other- 
wise do. I beseech God give me the grace to see the court 
of England ere I die. 

Your poor obedient servant, 

Thomas Celv of Bristol, 
Of your guard extraordinary. 



December \2, \%n.— TO LORD BURGHLEY. 

[S.P. Don. Eliz. Add. xxvi 35.— Holograph.] 

La us Deo. 

In Andalusia in Puerto Santa Maria, the I2th of 
December, 1579. 

Right Honourable my duty remembered. — For that 
I am where I cannot have time to write dutily/ for God's 
love bear with my hasty inditing if my pen run astray. 
Read the Queen's letter first, so shall your Honour pick 
out some matter and the meaning of my good will towards 
my Sovereign Lady and Mistress, and towards her honour- 
able Council and her whole dominions. First to touch the 
great preparation for war with us now making ready in 
Spain, but whither, or for what place, God knows. Some 
says it is to conquer Portugal ^ by sword ; some says it is 
for Algiers in Barbary; others says it is for E! Arish^ and 
Tetuan ' in Barbary, two ports where the galliots do 
harbour. This woman hath told '' me that she hath heard 
the captains say it is only'' for Ireland 'or for Flanders; 
farther they say that they shall have great aid out of 
Scotland and Ireland, and that there be some more of 
their friends in the north part of England ; and a worse 
matter than all this she hath heard them say, that there 
will be means made to set the navy on fire. God forfend ! 

I MS. dewtely. 

' MS. Portyngcgaell. Portugal was actually conquered and 
annexed in 1580. 

" MS. Alarache. ' MS. Twctwan. 

• MS. toweld. * MS. wonly. "> MS. ErUnd. 



346 THE SPANISH ARMADA 

Disperse them, for God's love, in time, some in one place/ 
and some in another. I need not to counsel your Honours. 

They be not ashamed to say that there be daily of the 
Council, waiting upon the Queen, that will be ready to 
help them. I pray God give them better g^ace." I trust 
the Queen will be careful of herself, and her honourable 
Council will, I doubt not, have great care of these affairs. 
If the Queen's Majesty will do in England as they do 
now in Spain, I think she should do very well. All the 
Moriscoes that they do mistrust in Spain, they do remove 
them a hundred leagues from their country,* some to 
one place and some to another. So may the Queen 
enquire of suspected persons, and remove them, and put 
others * in their room ; I say in the north part of England 
and Wales and Ireland and elsewhere. Good my Lord, 
bear with me. The very zeal I bear unto my mistress and 
unto my country moveth me to write. I well know there 
is careful heads of her Council * ; and I am sure there is a 
great grudge borne ^ unto England, for Englishmen did the 
Spaniards great injury in Flanders, as they say.^ 

There is great store of fireworks made, great store of 
scaling ladders, great provision of yokes to draw ordnance 
by mules and horses, and terrible ® cannons and many, with 
all other provision for wars. One thing there is provided 
which makes me to muse : four thousand ploughs for tillage, 
which is made ready in Cartagena : all other provision I 
have seen ; but those I have not seen, but I have heard 20 
soldiers talk of them, which be accounted of credit They 
embarge in Italy all the great shipping and in Mallorca 
and in other parts of the Straits ^ ; and in Cadiz ^® they 
have embarged" 16 g^eat ships of Genoa *^ and of other 
parts. Notwithstanding all tfiis, there is no money for 
soldiers, and great scarcity of victual. A soldier is allowed 
24 ounces of ill biscuit, which is sufficient ** if it were 
good ; but for meat, they have but 2 ounces of peas 
and 6 ounces of newland ^^ fish, or 6 ounces of salt tunny ** 

* MS. plaes. ^ MS. graes. * MS. centre. 

* MS. pot wethers. * MS. Cowencell. 
^ MS. ys a gret gruege boren. 

^ Rymenam was fought on August i, 1578. * MS. tyreble. 
^ The Mediterranean. ^« MS. Caels. " MS. ynbargyd. 

'^ MS. Jenaweys. ''' MS. sofysien. 

'^ Newfoundland. ^•'' MS. sawelte toncy. 



APPENDIX A 



347 



or 6 ounces of bacon, which comes once in a month ; 
and they should have lo' ounces of fresh flesh every 
Sunday, but it is [seldom]' that it comes. Wheat is 
here worth 23 ry[als] a hanik. There comes hither much 
English wheat [1]* do believe your Honour do not know 
of it. It we[re well]' done to give order to your officers 
and let * them forci[bly]. If I had liberty 1 would do you 
to understand [great] " things. I lack some trifle present 
to give my [guard].' If I had it, I should go ashore when 
! list, as [others] * do of my countrymen. Great pity it is 
that a tr[uc] subject, doing his prince's commandment, 
should lose ail his goods and to be tormented and made a 
galley slave for 7 years, three in close prison and four in the 
galleys. I have lost little less than [two] ' thousand ducats, 
besides my cruel torments, and [wife] ' and children undone 
for ever. God mend it when His [good]* will and 
pleasure is. 

My Lord, there is here great talk how that the King 
of France's brother is a suitor unto the Queen's Majesty. 
They doubt the making away of the King of France ' and 
then, say they, if [France] and England join together it 
will grow to a foul piece of work. The common people 
be afcarcd of their own shadow. 

1 beseech your Honour bear with my rude and bold 
manners, and desire the Queen's Majesty to be good unto 
me. My duty and conscience hath moved mc to write 
these few lines, for tliat I am her 5cr\'ant andbcarctli good 
will to my country. This I omit, committing your 
Honour to God and to His Holy Word. Your Honour 
may always hear of me in this port, at the house of one 
Thomas Butlers, an Englishman and here a dweller. 
Your poor orator, 

Thomas Cely of Bristol. 

Written in haste. 

Good my Lord, have patience with you In reading, for that 
it is ill written. Consider where I am, in a miserable prison. 

' Doubtful. The x is clear, but as the edge of the paper is 
lorn, it is uncertain whether it was not followed by ii. 
* Conjecture. The edge of the MS. torn away. 
' Hinder. • MS. Krawcns. 



348 THE SPANISH ARMADA 



APPENDIX B. 

THE TRADE. 

Down to the beginning of the seventeenth century, the 
Trade was the recognised name of the sea immediately out- 
side Brest, the inshore part of the Broad Sound, now known 
as the Passage de I'lroise. It is so marked in the Merca- 
tor's Atlas of 1616. The earliest mention of it, as yet noted, 
is in 1338 (Rymer's Fcedera, orig. edit, iv. 836), when 
complaint was made on behalf of the King of Spain, 
that certain English mariners of the ship Margaret of 
Southampton meeting a Spaniard named Juan Gomes * in 
loco vocato la Trade Sancti Mathaei,' had plundered him 
of merchandise and goods to the value of 40/. sterling. 
Many instances of the name occur in the State Papers of 
Henry VIII., showing it in common use in English ; but as 
the previous one, so also the following shows that it was at 
least accepted by foreigners ; though the word ultra seems 
to point out the English origin of these sentences. In the 
treaty concluded in 151 1 between Henry VIII. and Ferdi- 
nand of Aragon, it is agreed that, for the guard of the sea, 
a sufficient number of men and ships of war shall be 
provided by each of the two kings ; viz.: — the King of 
England shall furnish 3000 men and ships properly 
equipped, * qui mare inter le Trade et ostium Thamisise ab 
incursu inimicorum et hostium pro viribus tuebuntur, 
custodient et defendent ' ; and similarly the King of Aragon 
shall furnish 3000 men,* qui mare ultra le Trade ab incursu 
inimicorum &c.' {ib, xiii. 315). 

The history of the name has not been traced with suffi- 
cient exactness to render the meaning of it quite certain. 
It has been suggested that it is a corruption of * le rade* ; 
but the Trade could never be a roadstead, nor is it easy to 



APPENDIX B 



349 



see how ' le rade ' could turn into ' Ic Traad,' so as to be 
used in forinal State Papers. Again ' le raz ' is suggested 
as the origin, with special reference to Saint Mathicu, to 
which, according to Littr^, the name ' raz ' distinctively be- 
longs ; but to this there is the same difficulty about the 
change into 'le Traad.' It may, perhaps, seem more 
probable that the name was English and denoted the route 
of the trade from England, Flanders and Normandy to 
Bordeaux and the South of France, which, even before the 
time of Henry II., was relatively very great, and would 
certainly keep as close inshore as possible. It will be seen 
that wherever the trade came from, or wherever it was 
going to, outward or homeward, it must have passed 
through the Trade, just as now every ship not bound 
directly across the Atlantic mu.st pass by Ushant. 

By the time of Queen Elizabeth, when the name had 
dropped out of common use, it seems to have been occasion- 
ally extended to the ' fainvay ' off" Ushant. The flyboats 
that went through the Trade on their «'ay from RochcUe 
to Holland {vol. i. p. 215) may have been keeping close 
inshore, but more likely passed outside U.shant ; nor does 
it seem probable that Drake went, with half a score ships, 
to look for the expected armada (vol. i. p. 246) in the Goulet 
or the bay of DouarnencK. On the other hand, com- 
plaint was made in July 1576 that the admiral of the 
Queen's ships in the Narrow Seas lay in the Downs, 'and 
keepeth not the trade where the ships are used to pass 
to and fro' {Acts of llie Privy Council, ix, 170), and Sir 
George Carey clearly applies the name to the fairway of 
the Channel (vol. i. p. 324), from which it would seem 
that the use of the word as denoting the trade route 
was already becoming general. Its application, in the 
modern sense, to the Trade winds, is comparatively recent; 
its limitation to them, still more so. Dampier used the 
word as meaning a persistent wind, whether permanent or 
not, and applied it to tlie African or Indian Monsoons, as 
well as to the Trade Winds proper. Cook used it only with 
its modern limitations. 



350 THE SPANISH ARMADA 



APPENDIX C. 



THE SECRETS OF THE \USE\ OF GREAT 
ORDNANCE. 



[Dom. Sliz. cczlii 64.— Signed.] 



- 


■1 
1 


■a 
•s 

t 


1 
t 


t 


1 

1 


1 

! 


1 


11 

2 


1 


Buun] Cannon 
Cannon Pedns ' 

ll.r--: 




Inch 
|t 

7t 

\\ 
\\ 

I 


lis. 


1 

si 


JO 

1 


Inch 
'3l 

1 

i 

3 

■ 


inch 

1 
'5i 


IK 

Bos 

tioSj 


paw* 


pu« 

i:£ 

J.Sno 
.Iboo 

;•£ 

lis" 



The last of powder containeth in weight 2400 lbs. after 
five score to the hundred at 16 oz. to the pound. 

Forasmuch as there is difference of strength between 
sundry sorts of powder, that is to say powder usual hereto- 
fore for great artillery, and powder in use for small ordnance, 
as for muslcets, calivers, pet ron els, dags and pistols, the one 
bearing the name of serpentine powder being in meal only. 



APPENDIX C 351 

and in these days corned with some more strength allowed 
to the same, and is now called cannon corn powder, and 
the powder usual for small ordnance aforesaid is commonly 
called by the usual name of fine com powder, the which is 
or ought to be in strength and force a quarter more than 
the powder for great artillery, and if so it happen that you 
have no more sorts of powder but one for all as is aforesaid, 
being fine corn powder, to serve the great ordnance, then 
abate one-fourth part of the allowance of powder as is set 
down in the rules above specified ; and in like sort, with 
your rule, compass-callipers and shears, cut off one-fourth 
part of the length and breadth of your ladle and so charge 
your ordnance ; for this was often done and tried by John 
Sheriffe with cannon and culverin at battery, being in her 
Majesty's service, and found by him by good experience 
to be just, good, serviceable and without danger. 

Per Jo. Sheriffe. 

To this account of sixteenth-century ordnance the 
following titles of books on the subject may be add^d. 
They are all in the British Museum. 

'Three Books of Colloquies concerning the Art of 
shooting in great and small pieces of Artillery ; written 
in Italian by Nicholas Tartaglia, and now translated into 
English by Cyprian Lucar. Whereunto is annexed a 
Treatise named Lucar Appendix.* London, 1588, fol. 

* The Gunner, showing the whole Practice of Artillery, 
with all the appurtenances thereunto belonging. By 
Robert Norton, one of his Majesty's gunners.* London, 
1628, fol. 

* The Complete Cannonier, or the Gunner's Guide. By 
John Roberts.' London, 1639, 4**. 



352 THE SPANISH ARMADA 



APPENDIX D. 

Dec. 28, I SSS.— PROPOSED INCREASE OP 

WAGES. 

[Dom. Eliz. clzxzY. 33 IL Enclosure in a letter from Hawkyns 

to Lord Burghley.] 

The 28th of December 1585. 

A note to show the commodity that would grow to her 
Majesty and country by increasing the wages of the 
servitors by sea in her Highness' ships. 

First. If it might please her Majesty to allow for the 
medium of all servitors an increase of 4s. Sd. the man by 
the month, it would fall out to be to every man, one with 
the other, 6d. by the day, so as the common man, that had 
but 6s. Sd. by the month, shall have lOr., and so every 
officer will be increased after that rate, a third part more 
in his wages. 

By this mean her Majesty's ships will be furnished 
with able men, such as can make shift for themselves, 
keep themselves clear without vermin and noisomeness 
which breedeth sickness and mortality, all which would be 
avoided. 

The ships would be able to continue longer in the 
service that they should be appointed unto, and would be 
able to carry victuals for a longer time. 

There is no captain or master exercised in service, but 
would undertake with more courage any enterprise with 
250 able men than with 300 of tag and rag, and assure 
himself of better success. 

The wages being so small causeth the best men to run 
away, to bribe and make mean to be cleared from the 
service, and insufficient, unable and unskilful persons 



APPENDIX D 353 

supply the place, which discourageth the captains, masters 
and men, that know what service requireth. 

If it shall please her Majesty to yield unto this increase, 
her Highness* service would be far safer and much bettered, 
and yet the charge nothing increased. As for example : — 

The charge of the Lion for one month's wages and 
victuals of 300 men, after the old rate of 23^. 4^. per man, 
doth amount unto 350/. 

The same ship being now furnished with 250 able men, 
after the new rate of 28^. wages and victuals, for every 
man per mensem, will amount unto (even as before) 
monthly, 350/. 

So as all the commodities are obtained without any 
increase of charge to her Majesty. 

The sailors also (in consideration of her Majesty's 
gracious liberality) shall be bound for to bring into the 
said service, every man his sword and dagger. 



VOL. II. A A 



354 THE SPANISH ARMADA 



APPENDIX E. 



RELATION OF MEDINA-SIDONIA, 



[This relation, enclosed in a letter to the king, dated August 1 1-2 1, 
was sent by the hands of Don Baltasar de Zufiiga, who had 
served on the Duke's personal staff on board the San Martin, 
and was now described as one who could give full information 
on all details. Mr. Barrow had access to a copy of the MS., 
and refers to it as 'Spanish Narrative* {Life of Drake^ 287), 
but without knowledge of its author. The original is printed 
in La Armada Invcncible^ torn. ii. p. 228, from which it is here 
translated.] 

Journal of the armada in the English expedition under 
the charge of the Duke of Medina-Sidonia, from the time 
of their sailing from the Groyne. 

July^ 12.] On the 22nd of July, 1588, the Duke and 
all the armada departed from the Groyne with a south- 
west wind, which they held for some days and thereby 
made good progress. 

July 15.] On the 25th the Duke sent the captain 
Don Rodrigo Tello to Dunkirk, to advertise the Duke of 
Parma of his coming, and to bring back word of what 
state Parma should be in, and where it seemed to him best 
for them to join their forces. 

July 16.] The 26th at dawn, the weather was calm 
and cloudy, and so continued until noon, when the wind 
came from the north, and the armada stood eastwards 
until midnight, when the wind shifted to WN W. with much 
rain. This day the vice-admiral of the galleys, named the 

* Old style, according to the English Calendar. The dates in 
the text of the Relation are New Style, according to the Spanish 
Calendar. 



APPENDIX E 



355 



Diana, making much water, separated from the armada 
and returned to port' 

July 17.] The 27th, the same wind but stronger, witli 
a heavy sea, which continued until midnight, whereby 
many ships were dispersed from the armada, as well as the 
three other galleys. 

July 18.] Thursday, the 28th, the day dawned clear 
and bright, the wind and sea more quiet than the day 
before. Forty ships were counted to be missing, and the 
three galleys. The Duke gave order to sound, which was 
done in 75 fathoms, 75 leagues from the SciUy Islands ; 
after which he sent away three pinnaces, whereof one 
should go to the Lixard to see if the missing ships were 
there, with order for them to stay his coming ; another 
should discover land and examine the same ; and the 
third was to turn back and order all the ships to make 
more sail, and especially the missing ships if they were 
found lagging behind. 

July 19.] Friday, the 29th, the wind was West, The 
pinnace which had been to the Lizard returned with news 
that the missing ships were in front, under the charge of 
Don Pedro de Valdes, who had collected them and was 
staying for the armada. At evening all the ships of the 
armada were joined, except the capilana'' of Juan Mar- 
tinez, in which was the camp-master Nicolas de Isla, and 
the three galleys, which it was not known what course 
they had taken. This same day the coast of England was 
seen, and was said to be the Lizard, 

July 20.] The 30th at dawn, the armada was near 
with the land, so as we were seen therefrom, whereupon 
they made fires and smokes. And in the evening the 
Duke sent the ensign-bearer Juan Gil, in a boat to gain 
intelligence. In the evening many ships were seen, but by 
cause of mist and rain, we were unable to count them 
This night the ensign-bearer Juan Gil, returned with four 
Englishmen in a boat. The same said they were of Fal- 
mouth, and had that evening seen the Engli-sh fleet go out 
of Plymouth under the charge of the Admiral of England 
and of Drake. 

July 21.] Sunday, the 31st, at dawn, the wmd had 
' She was wTccked near Baj-onne. 
» The Santa Ana, No. 13 in the list. Appendix G. 



356 THE SPANISH ARMADA 

shifted to the WNW. ; 80 ships were discovered in the 
weather, and to leeward, near the land, there were 1 1 
others, amongst which were three great gall eons^ that 
fought with some of our sTijpSj and contii ^ued \y\Tr\\r\^ to 
windward until they 76Tned tneir fleet Our armada placed 
itself in order of battle, and the capitana put abroad the 
royal standard at the foremast. The enemy's fleet passed, 
firing on our van under the charge of Don Alonso de 
Leyva, which drove into the rear * under the charge of the 
Admiral Juan Martinez de Recalde, who stood fast and 
abode the assault of the enemy, although he saw that he 
was being left unsupported, for that the ships of the rear- 
guard were shrouding themselves in the main body of the 
armada. The ene my assailed him with great dis charging of 
\ordnance, without"^sing. wKe?eBy"hTs ship suffere< j m uch 
;in her rigging, her forestay was cut, and her foremast had 
two great shot therein. In the rear, supporting Juan 
Martinez de Recalde, were the Grangil,* with D. Diego 
Pimentel and D. Diego Enriquez, the Peruvian.* The 
capitana real struck her fore-topsail and let fly the sheets, 
and coming to the wind, awaited the rear to gather it into 
the main body of the fleet. Whereupon the enemy drew 
off and the Duke collected his fleet, being unable to do 
anything more, because the_ enemy having recpvejcd the 

* According to Adams* charts, reproduced in Pine's Illustra- 
tions, the formation of the Spaniards was a deep crescent, with the 
convexity in front, the concavity towards the English. No van- 
guard or rear-guard is shown ; and it is difficult to understand 
how a van-guard proper could be driven into the rear-guard, the 
main body of the fleet being between them. It seems probable 
that, in connection with this formation, the terms were used as 
denoting the right and left wings or horns ; and so Captain Dure 
(i. 78-9) has understood them. 

^ There is no ship of this name in the list. No doubt it means 
the Gran-Grin, the almiranta of the Biscay squadron (Appendix 
G, No. 14). 

^ The Sp. has el del Peral^ which seems to have no mean- 
ing, and is probably a misprint for del Peru, He is spoken of after- 
wards as the * son of the Viceroy of Peru,' to distinguish him from 
another Diego Enriquez, son of the late commendador of Alcantara, 
who was at first in the capitana^ and afterwards in the San Juan 
de Sicilia. This one, the son of the Viceroy, was in the San J uan 
of Diego Flores. 



APPENDIX E 



357 



wind, and their ships betng very nimble and of such good 
steerage, as they did with them whatsoever they desired. 

This day in the evening, Don Pedro dc Valdcs ran foul 
of the ship Cataiina of his squadron, so thai he spent his 
bowsprit and his foresail, and withdrew into the main body 
of the armada to repair the damage. Our fleet continued 
until 4 in the afternoon endeavouring to recover the wind 
of the enemy. At this hour, on board the vice-admiral of 
Oquendo, some of the powder barrels caught fire, and her 
two decks and her poop were blown up ; in which was the 
Paymaster General of this armada with part of the King's 
treasure ; and the Duke seeing this ship remaining behind, 
turned the capitana towards her, and discharged a piece of 
ordnance, to the end the fleet should do the same, and 
gave order to send boats to her assistance. The fire was 
extinguished, and the enemy's fleet, which was standing 
towards that ship, desisted when they saw our capitana 
bear with her, so as the ship was shrouded and brought 
into the main body of the armada. 

In this casting about, the foremast of Don Pedro's ship 
was broken off by the hatches, and fell on the main yard. 
The Duke turned to succour him, by giving him a hawser ; 
but though great diligence was used, neither weather nor sea 
permitted of it, and so she was left without sails, because 
it was now night, and Diego Flores told the Duke that if 
he shortened sail to stay for her it was not possible for 
our fleet to see him, because they were much in advance ; 
and that without doubt, by the morning more than half 
the fleet would be missing; and that the enemy's fleet 
being so near, all the armada should not be imperilled ; 
esteeming it certain that by shortening sail the expedition 
would be ruined.' Upon hearing this opinion, the Duke 
ordered Captain Ojeda with four pinnaces to remain by 
the capitana? as also the almiranta* of Don Pedro, tiic 
capitana ' of Diego Flores, and a galleass, so as to take her 
in tow and remove her people ; but neither the one nor the 
other was found possible, owing to the heavy sea, the 
darkness and the weather ; and the Duke proceeded on 

' For this especially, and his counsel generally Diego Flores, 
on his reium to Spain, was thrown into prison. 

» Sc. of Don Pedro. ^ San Fran ' 

* San Crisidbal. 



358 THE SPANISH ARMADA 

his course, rejoining the fleet and taking care to keep it 
united for whatever might happen the following day. 
This night they removed the wounded and burnt men 
from the vice-admiral of Oquendo. The sea and wind in- 
creased greatly this night 

July 22.] Monday, the ist of August, the Duke or- 
dered Don Alonso de Leyva to pass with the van and 
join himself to the rear, thereby making one squadron of 
the van and the rear, with the three galleasses and the 
galleons San Mateo, San Luis, Florencia, and Santiago, 
numbering in all 43 of the best ships of the armada, to 
confront the enemy, so as there should be no hindrance to 
our joining with the Duke of Parma ; and the Duke with 
the rest of the armada should go in the van, so as the whole 
fleet was divided but into two squadrons, Don Alonso de 
Leyva taking the rear under his charge, while Juan 
Martinez refitted his ship, and the Duke having chaise of 
the van. He called to him all the sergeant majors and 
commanded them to go in a pinnace, and range the fleet 
according to the prescribed order, giving it to each of them 
in writing that they should put every ship in her appointed 
place, and also that any ship, which did not keep that order, 
or left her appointed place, that without further stay they 
; should hang the captain of the said ship ; and that for this 
purpose they should take with them the provost-marshals 
of the tercios * and their men ; and that three sergeant 
majors were to attend to the rear, and the other three to 
the van, so as the better to carry out this order. 

At eleven this same day the captain of the ahniranta 
of Oquendo advertised the Duke that the ship was sinking, 
whereupon the Duke ordered the King's money and the 
people to be taken out of her and the ship to be sunk. 

* Sp. los capitanes de campana. In each tercioy consisting nomi- 
nally of 30 companies of 100 men each, one company was told 
o/T for police duty, the captain of which had an office roughly 
equivalent to that of provost marshal. The order which they were 
here appointed to carry out marks the extreme subordination pf the 
captains of the ships. It will be noticed in the course of the 
Relation that the credit of each ship's action is always given to 
the officer in command of the soldiers, and that the captain of the 
ship is never named or referred to, in connection with the 
fighting. 



APPENDIX E 



This day in the evening tJie Duke despatched the ensign- 
bearer Juan Gil in a pinnace to the Duke of I'artna, to give 
him advertisement as to where the fleet was. 

July 23.] Tuesday, 2nd of August, the day dawned 
fiiie, and the enemy's fleet, being to leeward, was standing 
towards the land, endeavouring as much as they could to 
recover the wind. The Duke also made a board towards 
the land in order to keep the weather. The galleasses 
went with him in the van, and the rest of the fleet followed. 
The enemy seeing our admiral standing towards the land, 
and that they could not in this way recover the wind, cast 
about to seaward ; whereon those of our ships that had 
the weather of the enemy, bare room with them and 
assailed them. Captain Bertcndona ' very gallantly as- ' 
saulted their admiral, oflTcring to board her ; but as he came 
near her, she bare room and stood out to sea In this 
fight there were also the San Marcos, San Luis, San Mateo, 
the Rata, Oquendo,* San Felipe, San Juan de Sicilia, in 
which was Don Diego Tellez Enriquez, who had been in 
fight with the enemy from the morning, the galleons 
Florencia, Santiago, San Juan of Diego Flores, in which 
was Don Diego Enrique:!, son of the viceroy of Peru, and 
the Valcnccra of the Levant squadron, in which was the 
camp-master Don Alonso dc Luzon. The ygalleasses of 
the vanguard being carried by the current almost within 
culverin-shot, the Duke sent them order that by oar and 
sail they should endeavour to close with the enemy, to 
which end also he turned the capitana towards them. The 
galleasses bore with the ships of their rear which were 
in conflict with some of ours that had closed with them 
and were endeavouring to board them. These were the 
galleons Florencia, in which was Caspar de Sosa* and 
the capitana of Ojcda,' and the Begoiia,'* in which was 

' In the Regazona, of the Levant squadron, 

* In the Sp. this is erroneously primed in italics, as a ship's 
name : presumably the <apitana of Oquendo is meant. 

' The commandant of a body of 2,000 Portuguese soldiers, not 
embodied in a lercio, as were the Spaniards (I)uro, ii. 81). 

* Ojeda must be an error of transcription or print for Oquendo, 
There were two Ojedas in the fleet, but not men of the first 
importance. 

* Of Diego Hores : No. 37 in the list. The other vessel of 
the same name, No. 105, was only a pinnace. 



36o THE SPANISH ARMADA 

Garibay, and the Valencer, in which was D. Alonso de 
Luzon, and the galleon Juan Bautista, in which was 
D.Juan Maldonado and D. Luis de Macda; but all to 
j little effect, because the enemy, seeing that we endeavoured 
I to come to hand-stroke with them, bare room, avoiding our 
/ attack by reason of the lightness of their vessels ; and after- 
wards they returned with tide and wind in their favour, 
and assailed Juan Martinez de Recalde, who was in the 
rear. D. Alonso de Leyva went to his assistance, during 
which time our capitana was in the hottest of the fight, 
supporting those ships which were closely engaged with 
the enemy's rear at a distance from both fleets ; and 
Captain Marolin ' was ordered to go in a boat and com- 
mand those ships which were near at hand to succour Juan 
Martinez de Recalde ; which they did ; whereupon the 
enemies left Juan Martinez, and turned against i}a&capitaHa 
which was going alone to the assistance of the ships named ; 
and our capitana seeing the enemy's admiral in the \'an, 
turned towards her, and lowered her topsails ; and the 
enemy's admiral and all the fleet passed her, shot at her, 
ship by ship, whilst she, on her part, fired her ordnance 
very well and fast, so as half the enemy's fleet did not 
approach, but shot at her from afar. When the fury of 
the assault had spent itself, there arrived to her support 
Juan Martinez de Recalde, D. Alonso de Leyva, the 
Marquis of Peflafiel, who was in the San Marcos, and 
Oquendo ; whereupon the enemy bare room and stood out 
to sea ; their admiral shortening sail, having, as it seemed 
to us, sustained some damage, and collecting those of his 
ships which had been in fight with our van. In this con- 
flict, which lasted more than 3 hours, the galleon Florencia 
was one of the foremost ships, and was in close fight with 
the enemy. 

July 24.] Wednesday the 3rd, Juan Martinez de 
Recalde again took the rear under his charge,' Don Alonso 

' Marolin de Juan, on the Duke's staff on board the San 
Martin (Duro, ii. 48). 

' It would seem probable that at this time he moved from the 
Santa Ana to the San Juan. If after the aist he was obliged to 
give up the charge of the rear on account of the damage his ship 
had sustained, he could scarcely re.sume the command m the same 
ship after the further pounding she got on the 23rd. 



APPENDIX E 



36" 



I 

I 



deLeyva remaining with him, reparting between them the 40 
or more ships that were therein. The enemy bore with our 
rear, and assaulted the Admiral ; the galleasses discharged 
their stern pieces, as also did Juan Martinez and D. Alonso 
de Leyva, and the other ships of the squadron, without 
quitting their station. And so the enemy retired without 
any other success, the galleasses having spoiled their 
admiral's rigging and shot away his mainyard, 

July 25.] Thursday the 4th, Feast of St. Dominic, the 
Santa Ana and a Portuguese galleon were somewhat astern, 
which the enemy assaulted with great fury. The galleasses, 
Don Alonso de Leyva ' and other ships went to their 
assistance ; and the galleasses did so well, that they 
rescued them although they were surrounded by many of 
the enemy. At the same time that this conflict was in the 
rear, the enemy's admiral and other great ships assailed our 
cnpitixna ; they came nearer than the first day, discharging 
tlieir large pieces from the lower deck, and cut the capitmia's 
mainstay, slaying also some soldiers ; there came to his 
succour the San Luis, in which was the maestro de campo 
Don Augustin, [Mexfa], who confronted the enemy, Juan 
Martinez de Recalde, and the San Juan of the squadron of 
Diego Flores, in which was D. Diego Enriquez, and 
Oquendo, which placed themselves in front of our capitana, 
being by the currents prevented from keeping together, 
and the other ships did the same. Thereupon the enemies 
retired, but their admiral being much damaged, rested 
somewhat to leeward of our fleet Om capitana cast about 
towards her, and Juan Martinez de Recalde, and the San 
Juan de Sicilia, and the capitana of the galleons of 
Castile, and the Grangin,' and all the other ships of our 
armada, the_enemy's fleet recovering the wind, and guard- 
ing their admiral which was so spoiled in the fight, that she 
struck the standard and discharged pieces to .show her need 
of succour, and was now towed by eleven of the enemy's 
long boats. Our capitana, and the almiranta, and the rest 
of the ships were gaining on her so much, that the enemy 
stood towards her, to support her, so as it appeared 
certain that we would that day succeed in boarding them, 
wherein was the only way to victory. But at this moment 



In Ihe Rata. 



' Another misnomer foi the Gran-Grin. 



■^ 



362 THE SPANISH ARMADA 

the wind freshened in favour of the enemy's admiral, 
whereby she began to shp away from us, and to leave the 
boats which were towing her ; whereupon the enemy's fleet 
recovered the wind, which meantime had fallen somewhat to 
leeward. The Duke seeing that in the proposed assault 
the advantage was no longer with us, and that we were now 
near the Isle of Wight, discharged a piece and proceeded 
on his course, the rest of the armada following in very go<xl 
order, the enemy remaining a long way astern. The same 
day the Duke despatched Captain Pedro de Leon * to Dun- 
kirk, to the Duke of Parma, to advertise him as well of the 
place wherein he was, and of his success, as also that it was 
fitting he should come out with as little delay as possible 
to join with this fleet. He gave the squadron of D. Pedro 
de Valdes in charge to D. Diego Enriquez, son of the 
viceroy, having seen him to be careful and able in matters 
belonging to the sea. 

July 26.] Friday the 5th dawned calm, the fleets 
being in sight of each other ; and the Duke despatched a 
pinnace to the Duke of Parma with the pilot Domingo 
■ Ochoa, to ol:)lain from him shot of four, six and ten lbs., 
'because much of his munition had been wasted in the 
several fights ; praying him also eftsoons to send 40 flyboats 
to join with this armada, to the end he might be able with 
them to close with the enemy, because our ships being very 
I heavy in comparison with the lightness of those of the 
enemy it was impossible to come to hand-stroke with them. 
He was also to notify the Duke that it should be well that 
he would be ready to come out and join with this armada 
the day that we should arrive in sight of Dunkirk, whither 
the Duke proceeded cautiously, suspecting that Parma was 
not there, seeing that D. Rodrigo Tello had not returned, 
nor had any other messenger come from him. At sunset 
the wind rose, whereupon our armada pursued its course 
towards Calais. 

July 27.] Saturday the 6th at daybreak, the two fleets 
were very near to each other, though without firing ; our 
armada sailing with a fair wind, and the rear close up and 
in very good order. At ten a clock, we discovered the 

* Of the terdo de Sicilia, serving on board the N. S. del Rosario 
(see antCy p. 22 ; Dure, ii. 35), but had, apparently, been sent to 
the San Martin before the Rosario was captured. 



APPENDIX E 



363 



I 



coast of France, being that near to Boulogne. We pro- 
ceeded towards Calais, where we arrived at four in the 
afternoon. There were divers opinions as to whether we 
would anchor there or go on further ; but the Duke, under- 
standing from the pilots who were with him that, if he 
went on further, the currents would carry him out of the 
English Channel and into the North Sea, he resolved to 
anchor off of Calais, seven leagues from Dunkirk, from 
whence the Duke of Parma could join with him ; bo as at 
five a clock in the afternoon, order was given for the whole 
fleet to anchor ; and tlie Duke sent Captain Hercdia' to 
visit the Governor of Calais, Monsieur de Gourdan, as well 
to advertise him of the cause of our presence there, as to 
offer him our friendship and good offices. This evening 
36 ships joined the enemy, whereof five were large 
galleons, which were understood to be the squadron that 
Juan Acles * had under his charge before Dunkirk, and 
they all anchored atraut a league from our armada. This 
night Captain Heredia returned from Calais, and said that 
the governor made great offers of service on the part of 
his Majesty, and showed his goodwill by offering the same 
on his own part. This night al.so the Duke sent the 
Secretary Arceo to the Duke of Parma, to advertise him 
of the place where he now was, and tliat he could not 
tarry there witbaut-endaiigering the whole fleet. 

July 28,] Sunday the 7th, at dawn Captain D. Rodrigo 
Tello arrived, which came from Dunkirk ; the Duke [of 
Medina-Sidonia] had sent him away on the 29th of the 
past month ; who said that the Duke [of Parma] was at 
Bruges, whither he had repaired to him, and that although 
he had shown great satisfaction at the news of the armada 
being arrived, that on the evening of Saturday, the 6th, of 
this present, when he departed from Dunkirk, the Duke 
had not yet come thither, and that they were not embark- 1 
ipg either the men or the munition. This day in the 

' Pedro de Heredia, serving in the San Martin. Writing on 
May 28 at Lisbon, the Duke described him as 'a soldier of great 
experience ' (Duro, ii. 46). 

' Acles was Hawkyns, who, as we know, had not had charge 
of the squadron before Dunkirk; but 10 Medina- Siilonia Acles 
was a familiar name, and he had probably never heard of Lord 
Henry Seymour. 



364 THE SPANISH ARMADA 

morning, the governor of Calais sent his nephew to visit 
the Duke and with him a present of refreshment s, and tp 
acquaint him that the place wherein he had anchored was 
very dangerous to remain in, because the cuxxents. . and 
counter-currents of that channel were very strorig»_. The 
Duke seeing the goodwill of the governor of Calais, sent 
the purveyor general, BemaW de Pedroso, to buy victuals, 
and with him went the comptroller. That night likewise 
the Duke sent D. Jorge Manrique to the Duke of Parma 
to urge him to come out suddenly. On Sunday night the 
Secretary Arceo sent one from Dunkirk to advertise the 
Duke that Parma had not arrived there, and that the 
munitions were not embarked, and that it seemed to him 
unpossible that all things could be prepared within a fort- 
night On Sunday at sunset, nine ships joined the enemy,* 
and with them a squadron of 26 ships moved nearer to the 
land, which the same made us suspect that they had come 
with some design of fire ; whereupon the Duke ordered 
Captain Serrano * to go in a pinnace, taking with him an 
anchor and cable, so as if any fire-ship should be set forth 
he might tow it to land. Also he sent to warn all the 
ships to be on their guard, and to that end to have ready 
as well boats as soldiers, ^t midnight two fires were-seen 
kindled^ in the English fleet, which increased to eight; and. 
suddenly eight ships with sail set, and fair wind and tide, 
came straight towards our capitana and the rest pf.the 
fleet, all burning fiercely. The Duke seeing them 
approach and that our men did not hinder them, fearing 



* This is not mentioned in any of the English papers. Most 
probably it was some ships shifting berth ; but neither have we 
any mention of the movement of the 26 ships. Certainly Howard 
and all the English believed that the fire-ships took the Spaniards 
altogether by surprise ; and it is possible that Medina- Sidonia, 
wishing to put his conduct in the best light, confused the time at 
which he first suspected the designs of the enemy. 

* Antonio Serrano, in command of the fore castle of the San 
Martin ; a man of distinguished valour, in whom the Duke placed 
great confidence. 

^ This does not seem to be quite accurate. The English 
accounts, which agree with common sense, are that the fires 
were first lighted when the barks were approaching the Spanish 
fleet. 



APPENDIX E 365 

that they should be explosion-machines,' gave order to 
weigh, and also for the rest of the armada to do the same, 
intending when the fires had passed to return and recover 
the same position. The admiral galleass, in keeping clear 
of one ship, came entangled with the San Juan do Sicilia, 
and so damaged herself that she had to remain near the 
shore. The current was so strong that it drove our 
armada in such manner as, although our capttana and 
divers of the ships that were near her anchored again, 
firing a piece of ordnance, the rest did not see her, and 
were so driven as far as off of Dunkirk. 

July 29.] Monday the 8th, at daybreak, the Duke seeing 
that his armada was very far off and that the enemy was 
coming under a press of sail, weighed anchor to collect his 
fleet and therewith endeavour to recover the place they had 
been in. The wind was blowing strong from the NW,,* 
nearly straight on to the coast, and the enemy's fleet, 
wherein were 136 ships, came on suddenly ivith wind and 
tide in their favour, so as the Duke, who was in the rear, 
seeing that if he bare room with his fleet, it would be to 
their destruction, for that it was already very near the 
banks of Dunkirk, as he was assured by his Flemish pilots, 
chose rather to save it by abiding the enemy's fleet ; and so 
cast about to meet them, discharging his ordnance, and send- 
ing off pinnaces to order all the ships to keep a close luff, 
as otherwise they should drive on to the banks of Dunkirk. 
The enemy's admiral, with the greater part of their flcct,i 
assaulted our capttana, with great shooting of ordnance, 
approaching within musket-shot, or even harquebus-shot. 
This continued without ceasing from daybreak ; nor did 
the capitana bear room until the fleet was clear of the 
shoaSs. And during all this time, the galleon San Marcos, 
in which was the Marquis of Peftafiel, continued hard by the 
capitana. 

The admiral galleass, not being able to ft'llow our 
armada, turned towards Calais, and ran on ground at the 
entrance of the haven, whither divers of the enemy followed 
her. It is reported that the French in the castle of Calais 

' Sp. maguinas dt minas. In Benbow's time such ship» were 
called ' machines ' or ' machine-ships ' ; in Lord Cochrane's, ihey 
were distinguished as ' explosion-vessels,' These, of course, were 
simple fire-ships. * Cf. ante, p. 10. 



366 THE SPANISH ARMADA 

supported her with their ordnance, and that her people 
reached the land. 

Don Alonso dc Le>-va and Juan Martinez de Recalde. 
and the capitana of Oquendo, and all the ships of the camp- 
masters, as well Castillians as Portuguese, and the capitana 
of Diego Flores, and that of Bcrtendona. and the galleon 
San Juan of Diego Flores, in which was D, Diego Enriquez,' 
and the San Juan de Sicilia, in which was D. Diego Tellez 
Enriquez* sustained the assault of the enemy as stoutly as 
was possible, so as all these ships were very much spoiled, 
and almost unable to make further resistance, and the 
I greater part of them without shot for their ordnance. In 
I the rear D. Francisco de Toledo abode the coming of the 
enemy, and endeavoured to grapple with them ; whereupon 
they assailed him, and by shooting of ordnance brought 
him to great extremity. D. Diego Pimentel came to reUeve 
him, and both were hardly pressed ; seeing which, Juan 
Martinez de Recalde came to their assistance, with D. 
Agustin Mexfa, and rescued them from this strait Not- 
withstanding which, these ships returned and again assaulted 
the enemy; as likewise did D. Alonso de Luzon, and the 
Santa Maria de Begofla, in which went Garibay, and the 
San Juan de Stcilia, in which went D. Diego Tellez 
Enriquez. These came near to boarding the enemy, yet 
could they not grapple with them ; they fighting with their 
great ordnance, and our men defending themselves with 
harquebus-fire and musketr>',the distance being very small 

Whcnas the Duke heard the harquebus-fire and the mus- 
ketry in the rear, but by rea.son of the smoke was unable 
to see from the top what it was, except that two of 
our ships were surrounded by the enemy, and that their 
whole fleet, having quitted our capitana, were assailing 
them, he gave order to cast about to succour them, although 
the capitana was sorely distressed by great shot between 
wind and water, so as by no means could the leak be 
stopped, and her rigging was much spoiled. Nevertheless, 
when the enemy perceived our capitana approach, they left 
the ships they were assailing, which were the ships of D. 
Alonso de Luzon* and of Garibay. of D. Francisco de 

' The son of the Viceroy. ' The son of the Commendador. 

* Namely, the Valenccra, Begofia, San Felipe, San Mateo, and 
San Juan de Sicilia. 



I 



APPENDIX /£ 367 

Toledo, of D. Diego Pimcntcl, and of D. Diego Tcllez 
Enriquez. These three last had been most closely and 
hotly engaged with the enemy, and had all suffered much 
damage and were unable for the service, all their people 
being slain or wounded, only the ship of D. Diego Tellcz 
Enriquez was able to follow us, though much spoiled. 
The Duke collected his armada and the enemy did the 
same. 

The Duke ordered boats to go to bring away the people 
from the San Felipe and San Mateo ; whereby all the 
people were taken out of the San Mateo,' but D. Diego 
Pimentel would not leave the ship, and sent D. Rodrigo de 
Vivero and D. Luis Vanegas to the Duke, to ask him to 
send some to see if it were not possible to save her ; whereon 
the Duke sent a pilot and a diver from this galleon, though 
there was much peril in remaining without him ; but 
because it was now late, and the sea very heavy, they could 
not reach the San Mateo, beyond seeing her afar off. going 
towards Zealand. The galleon San Felipe came alongside 
of the hulk Doncel la, which all the people got into her; 
and D. Francisco being in her, heard a cry that the hulk 
was sinking ; whereupon the captain Juan Poza de Santiso 
sprang back into the San Felipe, and so also did D. Fran- 
cisco de Toledo,* which was a great misfortune ; for it was 
not true that the hulk was sinking, and D. Francisco was 
carried in the San Felipe towards Zealand, the Duke having 
been told that he and all his people were in safety on board 
the hulk Doncella. The sea was so high that nothing more 
could be done, nor could the damage be repaired which 
the capilana had suffered from great shot whereby she 
was in danger of being lost. 

This day the Duke wished to torn on the enemy with 
the whole armada, so as he would not leave the Channel ; 
but the pilots told him that it was unpossiblc, because with 
the sea and wind from the North-Wcst, setting straight on 

' Apparently Ihe Duke did not know how many were brought 
away. It can only have been a few (cf. anit, pp. 30, 70, 77). 

' ' Don Francisco said that if he was to be lost, he would be 
lost in hia own ship, and therewith he returned to her and went 
towards Zealand ' (Duro, ii. 263). He, however, made good his 
escape to Nieuport (anle, p. 30, where he is confused by Borlas 
with Don Francisco de Bobadilla). 



368 THE SPANISH ARMADA 

to the coast, they must by force go into the North Sea, or 
else that tlic whole armada would drive on to the banks. 
Thus in no way could they avoid leaving the Channel ; 
nearly all the best ships being spoiled and unable to resist 
longer, as well from the damage they had received as Trom 
not having shot for their ordnance. ~- 

July 30.] Tuesday the gth, eve of San Lorenzo, at 
2 o'clock in the morning, the wind increased, so as our 
capitana, which had stayed in the hope of returning to the 
Channel, was driven towards the coast of Zealand, although 
keeping as close a luff as possible. At daybreak the NW. 
wind was not so strong, and the enemy's fleet with 109 
vessels was discovered astern little more than half a league 
off Our capitana remained in the rear with Juan Martinez 
de Recalde and D. Alonso de Leyva, and the galleasses, 
and the galleons San Marcos and San Juan of Diego 
Flores, the rest of our fleet being far to leeward. The 
enemy's ships stood towards our capitana, which lay to ; 
the galleasses also abode their coming, as also did the other 
ships which were in the rear ; whereupon the enemy 
brought to. The Duke shot off two pieces to collect his 
armada, and sent a pinnace with a pilot to order them to 
keep a close luff, because they were very near to the banks 
of Zealand ; for which cause the enemy remained aloof, 
seeing that our armada must be lost ; for the pilots on 
board the capitana — ^men of experience of that coast — told 
the Duke at this time that it was not possible to save a 
single ship of the armada ; for that with the wind as it 
was, in the NW., they must all needs go on the banks of 
Zealand ; that God alone could prevent it. Being in this 
peril, witliout any sort of remedy, and in six and a half 
fathoms of water, God was pleased to change the wind to 
WSW., whereby the fleet stood towards the North without 
hurt to any ship, the Duke sending order to everj' ship to 
follow the capitana, for that otherwise they would go on the 1 
banks of Zealand. 

This evening the Duke summoned the generals and | 
D. Alonso de Leyva, to consider what was best to be 
done ; and when the Duke had explained the state of the 
armada and the lack of shot— for that all the greatest ships 
sent to ask for them — he wished them to say whether it 
were best to turn back to the English Channel or to return 



APPENDIX E 



369 



I 



to Spain by the North Sea; seeing that the Duke of Parma 
had not sent word that he would be presently able to come 
out. The Council was wholly of opinion that they should'i 
go back to the Channel if the weather would permit it;i 
but if not, that then, constrained by the weather, they should/ 
return by the North Sea to Spain, seeing there was such' 
great lack of provisions in the fleet, and that the ships were 
spoiled and unable, that hitherto had resisted the enemy. 
The wind continued to increase in the SSW.,and the Duke 
stood to seaward, the enemy's fleet following him. 

In regard to the fighting, and the turning to relieve and 
assist his ships, and the abiding the coming of the enemy, the 
Duke took counsel with the camp-master D. Francisco 
de Bobadilla.whom, on account of his many years'experience 
of war by land and sea, he had ordered at the Groyne to 
come on board the capitana, quitting the S. Marcos, which 
belonged to the same squadron. The Marquis de Pei^afiel 
who also was in the S. Marcos, remained there, for that he 
did not wish to remove to the cu/iViinfl, quitting the gentle- 
men that were with him. But in regard to the conduct of 
the fleet, and such matters as related to the sea, the Duke 
had the council of the genera! Diego Florcs, whom he also 
ordered to move into the capitana, because he was one of 
the oldest and most experienced in sea affairs. 

July 31.] Wednesday the loth, our armada pursuing 
their course with a strong wind from the SW. and a high 
sea, the enemy's fleet continued to follow us, and in the 
evening the force of the wind becoming less, they came on 
under all sail towards our rear ; whereupon the Duke, for 
that in the rear there were but few ships with Juan 
Martinez de Recalde, struck his topsails and lay to, waiting 
for the rear, and shot off three pieces so as our fleet should 
also lie to, and wait for the rearguard and the capitana. 
What our armada did thereupon, D. Baltasar de Zui^iga 
will say. But when the enemy saw that our capitana had 
brought to, and that the galleasses of the rearguard and as 
many as 1 2 of our best ships had done the same, they also 
brought to and shortened sail, without shooting of ord- 
nance against us. This night Juan Acles' turned back with 
his squadron. 

' He continues in the same mistake ; it was, of course, Sey- 
mour who parted company. 

VOL. n. B B 



370 THE SPANISH ARMADA 

August I.] Thursday the nth, we continued our 
voyage with the same strong wind, the enemy's fleet 
keeping a long way off ; at evening they came under all 
sail towards our armada, and we counted the ships of Juan 
Acles to be missing, and again the galleasses and our 
capitana brought to and abode their coming ; whereupon 
they also brought to, not coming within cannon shot 

August 2.] Friday the 1 2th, at daybreak, the enemy's 
fleet was close up with ours, and seeing that we were in 
good order and our rearguard strengthened, they rested 
and turned back towards England, until we lost sight of 
them. Sithen that time we had always the same wind, 
until we went out of the channel of the Sea of Norway 
without it being possible to return to the English Channel 
\August lo] though we desired it, until to-day, the 20th of 
August, when having passed the isles at the north of 
Scotland we are now sailing towards Spain with the wind 
at North-East 



APPENDIX F. 



RELATION OF GONZALO GONZALEZ, 

PRISONER IN ENGLAND. 



[Paris, Archives Hationalea. E. 1582. (Dossier B. 81.)— Spanish,]' 

Memorial that I.Gonzalo Gonzalez del Castillo, natural 
of Granada, made for his Majesty, of divers things which 
I saw and heard in England whilst I was a prisoner there. 

The 7th day 'of the month of November, 1 588, the 
hulk San Pedro el Mayor, of the squadron of Juan Gomes 
de Medina, was cast ashore in England, on the land of Sir 
William Courteney, where she was pillaged and her people 
imprisoned. 

The I ith day of the said month, there arrived a com- 
missioner from the Queen, with order to separate twelve 
from the rest of the prisoners and to put them in prison, 
apart by themselves,^ which was done ; and to each of 
these they gave 4^. for his daily sustenance, and to each of 
the rest liiey gave id.* 

The 24th of November of the year 1589, the Spanish 
prisoners there were released by the Queen's order, ex- 
cepting twelve which the Queen gave to Sir William 
Courteney, who eftsoons straitiy imprisoned us, requiring 
from us 5,000 ducats for our ransom ; which sum was not 
paid, for that there were none save only poor men. 

' For the transcript of this Relation the Editor is indebted 
to the good offices of M. Al&ed Spont 

' October 28, Old Style. Cf. anU, p. 189. 

* This agrees with Ashley's report (see ante, p. 294), which 
says they were imprisoned at K.ingsbridge. 

*.Cary says he allowed them i\d. {ante, p, jgi). 



372 THE SPANISH ARMADA 

The nth of August, 1590, being told by the said Sir 
William Courteney that he required of us 12,000 ducats 
for our liberty, and seeing that we had little remedy, we 
wrote a letter to the Queen, beseeching her that as she had 
given liberty to all the Spaniards which had been in her 
kingdom, she would give us our liberty for the like sum as 
had been judged sufficient for the others. This letter 
falling into the hands of the said Courteney, he thrust 
us into a strong prison, giving us for our diet but breads 
broth, and water. We were in such straits that, seeing 
ourselves dying, we resolved to break out of prison and 
appeal to the justices for a remedy ; but they answered 
that they were unable to relieve us, because he was a 
powerful man, with whom they could not meddle. So that 
we were sent back to our prison and remained therein 
seven months, suffering great hardship. 

The 7th of February, 1591, the said Sir William 
Courteney sent one William Blake, an Englishman, to this 
province of Brittany to treat with the Duke of Mercceur 
for our ransom, as well for our liberty as for our better 
treatment ; who came to no agreement about the same, 
because they required 25,000 ducats, so that the prisoners 
remain there to this day. 

The 24th of December, 1591, I departed from Exeter 
for Brittany ; but having put out to sea, the wind changed 
and drove us into the haven of Artamu,* where we stayed 
for a wind seven weeks. 

On the 8th of February of this present year,* Francis 
Drake passed through the town by the post, having been 
summoned by the Queen. 

On the 23rd of the said month, order came to this port 
to prepare the five ships' of her Majesty's which were 
there, and likewise six that were in the port of Plymouth, 
which was done, for to go to the Seine mouth,* to prevent 
the King our master from relieving Rouen. Whenas the 
ships were prepared, they desired to embark the infantry, 
but it was found unpossible to do so, for that a great many 
of those who were on the muster-roll were absent. Whereof 

* Probably Dartmouth. * 1592. 

' There were certainly not five of the Queen's ships at Dart- 
mouth. 

* Sp. d la costa de rruan. 



APPENDIX F 



373 



word was sent to the Court so as provision should be 
made ; whereupon there came order to imprest peasants — 
men whom arms do not arm — and embark the same.' 

1 have ofttimcs spoken with divers persons of all con- 
ditions, as well men as women, which have told me the 
good wishes they had for our victory in that land, as 
also the zeal they had and have for the Catliolic religion ; 
and that if they have not declared themselves, it is that 
they may not lose house and property. There are others 
who avow themselves Catholics ; for the which they have 
suffered divers punishments, and yet openly say that they 
must needs be Catholics and will die in that religion. 
Many complaints were made about the number of declared 
Catholics, and they had prayed the Queen to have them 
punished ; who had given order that such complaints should 
not be preferred against the Catholics, and that each one 
live freely as he wished.' 

They stand in great fear of the galleys and of the 
general thereof, which they well know his name, and that 
he is a good knight and an able mariner. They hold it 
for certain that the galleys will some day offend them, for 
they say that as they go on the coast of Brittany, they 
will likewise come on their coast, because it is much belter 
ibr them than that of Brittany, the passing over to it being 
the only difficulty. They say the galleys will be their utter 
ruin, and therefore there is nothing that they fear so 
much.^ 

They have great lack of soldiers because of the losses 
they have had of the same. I am a witness that from the 
journey of Portugal, of more than 1 5,000 * men which em- 
barked, not 4,000 disembarked, because of the pestilence 
there had been in the ships, and of the mortality and of 
the Spanish prisons. Likewise of the 4,000 men set forth 

' There is not a word of all this in the State Papers. 

° We may suppose that he was told this, but most certainly it 
was not true. 

' Compare Fenner's ' Twelve of her Majesty's ships were a 
match for all the galleys in the King of Spain's dominions ' (vol. i- 
p. xxxii) ; but Gonzalo was not a seaman. 

' This refers to the expedition of 1589. The loss is scarcely 
exaggerated ; but as the writer has already said that he was a close 
prisoner at the time, he cannot have been a witness. 



374 THE SPANISH ARMADA 

from Plymouth to the support of the prince, there are not 
500 remaining ; and of five ships which were sent to the 
succour of Rouen, all perished in a storm, wherefrom not 
one man escaped.' Thus they are forced to levy men 
from the isles of Holland and Zealand. 

Whilst in this port there arrived a flyboat from the 
isles with about 80 men therefrom, who, going in company 
with other 20 towards the Seine mouth, were ail lost in a 
storm, within a week. 

They have been much pained by the loss of one of the 
Queen's galleons at Terceira. called the [Revenge] ; they say 
that she was the best ship that the Queen had, and which 
they had the most confidence in for her defence.* 

They are not such as speak against the King our 
master ; they say nothing more but that if it were not for 
the pope he would be the best prince ever born ; and thus 
in all iionesty they pray for peace, for they say that if they 
have not peace within two years they will be all irremediably 
ruined. 

They are fearful that his Majesty may take a port in 
Brittany, for they say that when he is stablished there his 
fleet shall be in England, and that there arc so many of 
his party in this kingdom that there will be no let to his 
winning it 

There is no one who is well affected to Francis Drake ; 
for the people of quality say that he is but of a mean family 
to have risen so high ; and the rest say that he is the cause 
of the wars. He is well looked on by the Queen, who 
showeth him much favour. 

They cannot away with the name of Dom Antonio 
whom they call King of Portugal, for they say that he was 
the cause of the loss of the people which died in Portugal. 
They seek to stone him, and they say that the Queen 
keepeth him in a stronghold from whence he never goeth 
out. He is so poor, lacking money and servants, as it is not 
to be believed. 

Don Pedro de Valdes abideth five miles from London 

as hitherto ; for although they imputed to him a desire to 

escape and imprisoned him for the same, Francis Drake, 

to whom always he hath recourse, hath arranged every- 

' The State Papers know nothing of this. 

^ Compare note No. 7, shU, p, 334. 



APPENDIX F 375 

thing, so as he goeth a-hunting and to other pleasure parties 
as in the time when he was not in prisoa The chief 
persons of the island do not regard him with favour, for 
they say that he was the cause that certain gentlemen (a 
general of the Queen's and others of her council) were 
executed, which they were all of the party of the king ; 
but this is not credible, for Don Pedro would have lost his 
life ere he would have spoken of it 

They hourly attend the armada of the king our master, 
and they plainly say that they know that England must 
be his Majesty's, and that the cause of her ruin will be the 
galleys. 

I left Artamu, a port of England, and was at Plymouth 
on the 5th of February of this year, 1592. These are the 
best havens which the Queen hath, wherein her armadas 
are gathered ; and in none of them is any other sort of 
armada to be seen, neither machine of war, than what I 
have said. 

That I have here written is the truth of such things as I 
saw and heard whilst I have been in that kingdom ; and I 
sign it with my name in the town of Blavet, on the 9th 
day of March 1 592. 

Gonzalez del Castillo 



376 THE SPANISH ARMADA 



APPENDIX G. 



LIST OF THE SPANISH ARMADA. 



[From La Armada Inoendbk of Captain C. Fernandez Dure, torn, 
ii. p. 60 ; copied from the original sent to the king l^ the 
Duke of Medina-Sidonia. Compared with La Fttiassima 
Armada^ printed at Lisbon in 1588 : a copy of which, with 
autograph notes by Burghley, is in the British Museum. No 
attempt has been made to rectify the arithmetic, which is in a 
hopeless muddle. 

Relation of the galleons, ships, patasses and zabras, 
galleasses, galleys, and other ships that go in the most 
Happy Armada which his Majesty has ordered to assemble 
in the river of this city of Lisbon, whereof the Duke of 
Medina-Sidonia is Captain-general ; with the tonnage of 
the ships and the number of soldiers, mariners, etc 

[Armada of Portugal, under the charge of the Duke of 
Medina-Sidonia.] 



No. 


Shipt' Names 


Tons 


Gtins 
48 


Soldiers 


Mariners 


Total 


I 


San Martin, capitana general . 


1,000 


300 


177 


477 


2 


San Juan, sJmiranta general 


1,050 


50 


321 


179 


500 


3 


San Marcos .... 


790 


33 


292 


"7 


409 


4 


San Felipe 






800 


40 


415 


117 


532 


5 


San Luis 






830 


38 


376 


116 


492 


6 


San Mateo 






750 


34 


277 


120 


397 


7 


Santiago 






520 


24 


300 


93 


393 


8 


Florencia 






961 


52 


400 


86 


486 


9 


San Cristobal . 






352 


20 


300 


78 


378 


10 


San Bernardo . 






352 


21 


250 


81 


331 


II 


Zabra Augusta , 






166 


13 


55 


57 


112 


12 


Zabra Julia 


> • • 


166 


14 
347 


44 


72 


1x6 


12 






7,737 


3,330 


1,290 


4,623 



APPENDIX G 



377 



Armada of Biscay, whereof Juan Martinez de Recalde 
is Captain-general. 



No. 

13 

14 

15 
16 

17 
18 

19 
20 
21 
22 

23 

24 

25 
26 


Ships Names 


Tons 


Guns 


Solcfters Mariners 


Total 


Santa Ana, capitana 

El Gran Grin, almiranta . 

Santiago 

La Concepdon de Zubelzu 

La Concepcion de Juanes del Cano 

La Magdalena 

San Juan . . • . 

La Maria Juan 

La Manuela .... 

Santa Maria de Monte-Mayor . 

Pfttax la Maria de Aguirre 

„ la Isabela , 

„ de Miguel Suso 

„ San Est^ban . 

14 


768 
1,160 
666 
486 
418 

530 
350 
665 
520 
707 
70 

71 
36 
96 


30 
28 

25 

16 
18 
18 
21 

24 
12 

18 
6 

10 
6 
6 


256 
256 
214 
90 
164 

193 

114 

172 

125 

206 

20 

20 

20 

20 


73 

73 
102 

70 

61 

67 
80 

100 

54 

45 

23 
22 

26 

26 


329 
329 
316 
160 
225 
260 

194 
272 

179 

251 

43 
42 
46 
46 


6,567 


238 


1,937 


863 


2,800 



Armada of the galleons of Castille, whereof Diego 
Floras de Valdes is General. 



No. 
27 


Ships' Names 


Tons 


Guns 


Soldiers 


Mariners 


Total 


San Cristobal, capitana . 


700 


36 


205 


120 


225 


28 


San Juan Bautista . 


750 


24 


207 


136 


243 


29 


San Pedro .... 


530 


24 


141 


131 


272 


30 


San Juan . • • • 


530 


24 


163 


"3 


276 


31 


Santiago el Mayor • 


530 


24 


210 


132 


343 


32 


San Felipe y Santiago 


530 


24 


151 


116 


267 


33 


La Asuncion .... 


530 


24 


199 


114 


313 


34 


Nuestra Sefiora del Bamo 


530 


24 


155 


108 


263 


35 


San Medel y Celedon 


530 


24 


160 


lOI 


261 


36 


Santa Ana .... 


250 


24 


91 


80 


171 


37 


N. S. de Begoila . 


750 


24 


174 


123 


297 


38 


La Trinidad .... 


872 


24 


180 


122 


302 


39 


Santa Catalina 


882 


24 


190 


159 


349 


40 


San Juan Bautista . 


650 


24 


192 


93 


285 


41 


Patax N. S. del Socorro . 


75 


24 


20 


25 


45 


42 


Patax San Antonio de Padua . 
16 


75 


12 


20 


46 


66 


8,714 


384 


2,458 


1,719 


4,177 



378 THE SPANISH ARMADA 



Armada of the ships of Andalusia, whereof D. Pedro 
de Valdes is Captain-general. 



No. 
43 


Ships' Namtt 


Tons 


Guns 
46 


Soldien 


Mariocn 


Total 


N. S. del Roeario, capitana 


1,150 


304 


118 


^ 


44 


San Francisco, almiranta . 


915 


21 


222 


% 


278 


45 


San Juan 




810 


3« 


245 


334 


46 


San Juan de Gargarin 




^ 


16 


'$5 


56 


221 


47 


La Concepdon 
Duquesa Santa Ana 




20 


185 


71 


256 


48 




900 


23 


280 


77 


357 


49 


Santa Catalina 




730 


23 


231 


77 


308 


50 


La Trinidad . 




650 


13 


192 


74 


266 


5« 


Santa Maria del Juncal 




730 


20 


228 


80 


308 


52 


San Bartolom^ 




976 


27 


240 


72 


312 


53 


Patax el Espiritu Santo • 






33 


10 


43 


II 




8,762 


240 


2,325 


780 


3,ioS 



Armada of the Province of Guipuzcoa, whereof Miguel 
de Oquendo is General. 



No. 


Shipt' Names 


Tons 


Guns 


Soldiers 


Mariners 


Total 


54 
55 

56 

58 

59 
60 

61 

62 

63 
64 
65 


Santa Ana, capitana 
N. S. de la Rosa, al 
San Salvador . 
San Est^ban . 
Santa Marta . 
Santa Bdrbara. 
San Buenayentura . 
La Maria San Juan . 
Santa Cruz 
La urea Doncella 
Patax la Asuncion 
„ San Bemabe 


< 
miran 


ta . 


1,200 

945 
958 
736 
548 
525 

379 
291 

680 

500 

60 

69 


47 
26 

25 
26 

20 
12 
21 
12 
16 
16 

9 
9 

247 


303 

233 
321 

196 

173 
154 
168 
1 10 
156 
156 
20 
20 


82 
64 

63 
45 
53 
30 
32 
32 
23 
23 


385 
396 

a64 
*36 

199 
221 

140 

188 

188 

43 
43 


12 






6,991 


1,992 


616 


2,608 



APPENDIX G 



379 



Armada of Levant ships, whereof Martin de Berten- 
dona has charge. 



No. 

66 

67 
68 

69 
70 

71 
72 

73 

74 
75 


Ships' Names 


Tons 


Gods 

30 
25 

26 

42 

24 
26 

35 

18 

22 


Soldiers 


Mariners Total 


La Regazona, capitana . 
La Lavia, almiranta 
La Rata Coronada • 
Sanjuan de Sicilia . 
La Trinidad Valencera . 
La Anunciada . , 
San Nicolas Prodaneli 
La Juliana . • . 
Santa Maria de Vison 
La Trinidad de Scala 




1.249 
728 

820 

800 

1,100 

703 
834 
860 
666 
900 


344 
203 

335 

279 
281 

196 
374 

236 
307 


80 

71 
84 
63 
79 

79 
81 
70 

71 
79 


424 

274 
419 

342 

360 

275 
355 
395 
307 
386 


10 




7,705 280 


2,780 


767 


3,527 



Armada of hulks, whereof Juan Gomes de Medina 
hath charge. 



No. 
76 


Ships' Names 


Tons 


Guns 


Soldiers 


Mariners 


Total 


El Gran Grifon, capitana 


650 


38 


245 


43 


286 


77 


San Salvador, almiranta 


650 


24 


218 


43 


261 


78 


Perro Marina 


200 


7 


70 


24 


94 


79 


Falcon Blanco Mayor 




500 


16 


161 


36 


197 


80 


Castillo Negro 




750 


27 


239 


34 


273 


81 


Barca de Amburg . 




600 


23 


239 


25 


264 


82 


Casa de Paz Grande 




650 


26 


198 


27 


225 


83 


San Pedro Mayor • 




581 


29 


213 


28 


241 


84 


£1 Sanson 




500 


18 


200 


31 


231 


85 


San Pedro Menor , 




500 


18 


157 


23 


t8o 


86 


Barca de Andque . 




450 


26 


200 


25 


225 


87 


Falcon Blanco Mediano . 




300 


16 


76 


27 


103 


88 


Santo Andres . , 




400 


14 


150 


28 


178 


89 


Casa de Paz Chica 




350 


15 


162 


24 


186 


90 


Ciervo Volante • , 




400 


18 


200 


22 


222 


91 


Paloma Blanca 




250 


12 


56 


20 


76 


92 


La Ventura . • < 




160 


4 


58 


14 


72 


93 


Santa Barbara 




370 


10 


70 


22 


92 


94 


Santiago 




600 


19 


56 


30 


86 


95 


David .... 




450 


7 


50 


24 


74 


96 


£1 Gato 




400 


9 


40 


22 


62 


97 


£sayas .... 




260 


4 


30 


16 


46 


98 


San Gabriel . 




280 


4 


35 


ao 


55 


23 




10,271 


384 


3iI2X 


608 


3,729 



38o THE SPANISH ARMADA 



Patasscs and zabras, whereof Don Antonio Hurtado 
de Mendoza hath chaise. 



No. 
99 


Ships' Names 


Tons 


Gnns 


Soldicn 


Marinen 


Total 


N. S. del Pilar de Zaragosa 


300 


II 


109 


SI 


160 




capitana 












100 


La Caridad, inglesa - 


180 


12 


70 


36 


106 


lOI 


San Andres, escoces 


150 


12 


40 


29 


69 


I02 


El Crudfijo . • • • 


150 


8 


40 


29 


06 


103 


N. S. del Puerto . 


55 


8 


30 


33 


63 


104 


La Concepcion de Carasa 


70 


5 


30 


42 


72 


105 


N. S. de fiegoaa . 


64 




20 


26 


46 


TO6 


La Concepcion de Capetillo . 


60 


10 


20 


26 


46 


107 


San Teronimo 

N. S. de Grada . 


50 


4 


20 


37 


57 


108 


57 


5 


20 


34 


54 


109 


La Concepcion de Francisco 
de Latero 


75 


6 


20 


^ 


49 


no 


N. S. de Guadalupe 


70 


— 


20 


42 


62 


III 


San Francisco 


70 


— 


20 


37 


57 


112 


Espiritu Santo 


75 


— 


20 


47 


67 


"3 


Trinidad .... 




2 


— 


23 


23 


114 


N. S. de Castro . 


— 


2 


— 


26 


26 


"5 


Santo Andres 


~— 


'2 


— 


15 


15 


116 


La Concepaon de Valmaseda 


— 


2 


•— 


27 


27 


117 


La Concepcion de Somanila . 


— 


— 


— 


31 


31 


118 


Santa Catalina 




— 


— . 


23 


23 


119 


San Juan de Carasa 


— 


— 


— 


23 


23 


120 


Asuncion . . • . 
22 


— 




— 


23 


23 


1,131 


91 


479 


574 


^o93 



Galleasses of Naples, under the charge of D. Hugo de 
Moncada. 



No. 


Ships' Names 


Tons 


Guns 


Soldiers 


Marinere 


Total 


121 
122 
123 
124 


Capitana San Lorenzo • 
Patrona Zufiiga 

Girona 

Napolitana .... 

4 with 1,200 rowers 


— 


50 

50 
50 
50 


262 
178 
169 
264 


124 
112 
120 
112 


386 
290 
289 
376 


— 


200 


873 


468 


.,«. 



APPENDIX G 



381 



Galleys of Portugal, under the charge of D. Diego 
Medrano. 



No. 


Ships' Names 


Tons 


Guns 


1 

Soldiers Mariners 


Toul 


125 
126 

127 
128 


Capitana . • . • 
Princesa .... 

Diana 

Bazana . • « • • 

4 with 888 rowers 


— 


5 
5 

5 
5 


— 


106 

90 
94 
72 


106 

90 

94 
72 


— 


20 


— 


362 


362 



General Summary. 





Ships 


Tons 


Guns 


Soldiers 


Mariners 


Tout 


Armada of Portugal . 


12 


7,737 


347 


3.330 


1,293 


4,623 


„ Biscay 


14 


6,567 


""f 


1,937 


863 


2,800 


„ Castille . 


16 


8,714 


384 


2,458 


1,719 


4,171 


„ Andaluzia 


II 


8,762 


240 


2,327 


780 


3»I°| 


„ Guipuscoa 


14 


6,991 


247 


1,992 


616 


2,608 


„ Levant Ships . 


10 


7,705 


280 


2,780 


IK 


3.523 


Hulks . 


23 


10,271 


384 


3,121 


608 


3.729 


Patasses and Zabras . 


22 


1,121 


91 


479 


% 


1,093 


Galleasses of Naples . 


4 


— 


200 


773 


1,341 


Galleys .... 


4 
130 


—— 


20 


— 


362 


362 


57,868 


2i43i 


19,295 


8,050 


27,365 


Rowers 

Summa Totalis . 




• 








2,088 


29,453 



NOTES ON THE LIST OF THE ARMADA. 



Of the age or previous history of the Spanish ships, 
nothing is known in this country. Of the fate of a great 
many of them even the Spaniards are ignorant In the 
majority of cases, so total was the destruction, that all they 
could say of any particular ship was that she did not come 
home. Nor were the English always better informed. If 
a ship went down in the open sea, nothing was heard of 
her ; if she was cast ashore, it often happened that there 



382 THE SPANISH ARMADA 

were no survivors, and the English officials could only 
report that a great ship had been split to pieces, and that 
the shore was strewn with dead bodies, or that the Irish had 
brained all that came to land, or that a miserable remnant 
had been despatched by order of their own officers. 
Captain Duro supposes (i. 201) that English writers have 
been studiously silent on the subject in order to conceal 
' the foul stain on the character of a people who pride 
themselves on their humanity.' In this he is mistaken. 
English writers have never concealed the broad facts as far 
as they were known ; but it is only within the last few 
years that Mr. Froude's History and, more fully, the 
Calendar of the Irish State Papers have made the details 
public. This Calendar was not yet issued when La 
Armada InvencibU was published ; still, with Mr. Froude's 
last volume before him (i. 204-5), Captain Duro's su|^[es- 
tion is more than a little curious. Nothing, indeed, can 
be clearer than that the actors in the terrible tragedy felt 
neither shame nor sentiment in the part they were called 
on to play ; and if they had thought excuses necessary, 
would doubtless have found them in the conduct of the 
Spaniards on several occasions, notably in that of Alva in 
the Low Countries, and of Santa Cruz after his victory at 
Terceira. 

Captain Duro's researches permit him to give the 
following tabular statement of losses ; it is probably as 
fair an approximation as can be arrived at 

Abandoned to the enemy . • . • 2 * 



Lost in France (stores saved) 

Lost in Holland 

Sunk in the battle 

Wrecked in Scotland and Ireland 

Fate unknown «... 



3* 

2» 
2« 

35 
63 

* Nos. 43, 56. * Nos. 13, 121, 127. • Nos. 4, 6. 

* Not specified ; possibly Nos. 14, 69. 

* He has not given their names ; one, No. 83, was lost on the 
coast of Devonshire. The Irish accounts speak of 1 7 as known to 
have been lost in Ireland alone. 



APPENDIX G 



383 



which he classes thus : — 

Galleons and ships 26 

Hulks 13 

Patasses 20 

Galleasses 3 

Galleys I 

63 

It is of very few that any particulars can be given. 

1. Notwithstanding the battering to which she had been 
subjected, by dint of having a capable pilot, she returned 
safely to Santander, having lost 180 men dead and almost 
all the rest sick. The Duke of Medina-Sidonia is described 
as having lost all heart and making no attempt to keep 
the fleet together, or to exert himself for the common 
safety. His one anxiety was to reach Spain ; and when, 
off Santander, the wind came foul, he hurried to shore in 
the pilot-boat, leaving the ship to the care of Diego Flores 
de Valdes. His court favour preserved him from punish- 
ment or rebuke, and the guilt of having deserted the dis- 
abled Rosario was attributed to Diego Flores, who had 
indeed counselled the measure which Medina-Sidonia 
adopted. Captain Duro accepts the opinion, current at the 
time, that Diego Flores was actuated by personal enmity 
to his cousin, a crime surely deserving a severer punishment 
than the 15 months' imprisonment which it received, 

2. From being designated the ahniranta before the 
fleet left Lisbon, it would seem that Juan Martinez de 
Recalde was then on board her. He probably continued 
so till the night of July 21, when he took command of 
the rear in the Santa Ana (No. 13), from which he returned 
to the San Juan on the 24th. Captain Duro (i. 210) 
describes him as putting into a strange port in Ireland, 
landing his men, and by force of arms obtaining the 
water of which his ships were much in need. The 
unknown port would seem to have been Dingle ; and in 
this skirmish, the men, whose examinations are given ante 
p. 219, were presumably made prisoners. The S. Juan 
arrived at Corunna, and there Recalde — worn out with 
vexation and hardships^died in the middle of October. 



384 THE SPANISH ARMADA 

He was a man of long experience in maritime aflTairs, and 
is spoken of as * one of the greatest seamen of the age.' 
The ship was burnt by Drake at Corunna in 1589 (5". P. 
Dom, Eliz, ccxxiv. 24). 

3. 4. 5. 6. 8. These were all reckoned as amongst the 
most powerful ships in the armada, and with i and 2, bore 
a great part of the brunt of the fighting. The S. Felipe 
and S. Mateo, after being captured by the Zealanders, sank 
in the mouth of the Scheldt The S. Marcos was lost on 
the coast of Ireland (Duro, i. 125). 

1 3. Is said to have been missing on July 20 {ante^ p. 355). 
She must have rejoined the fleet during the night, though 
Medina-Sidonia has not mentioned it ; for there seems no 
doubt that she was the ship which, with Juan Martinez de 
Recalde on board, was so sorely beaten on July 21 and 
again on the 23rd (ante, pp. 134, 356, 360). Juan Martinez 
probably left her on the 24th, when he resumed the com- 
mand of the rear-g^uard (p. 360 ; cf. Duro,i.6i) ; andonthe25th, 
being ' scattered* from the fleet (vol. i. p. 359 ; anU^ p. 361) 
she was very roughly handled by the Victory and others of 
the ships with Hawkyns ; so that, being unable to keep the 
sea, she parted company during the night, and drifted 
across into the Bay of La Hogue, whence she went to 
Havre. There were sundry proposals to attack her there 
{ante, pp. 179, 195-6), but they came to nothing; and the 
Santa Ana, trying to go into the river for her better 
security, struck on the bar and became a complete wreck 
(Duro, i. 171). 

30, en que iba Diego Enriquez. Of the ship herself 
there is no direct account ; but the ship in which Diego 
Enriquez was at the time, was lost on the coast of Ireland. 
A detailed account of the miserable death of this brave 
man is given in La Armada InvencibUy ii. 342. 

43. After being pretty well cleared out at Dartmouth, 
she was patched up and taken round to Chatham (P. 0,D.A, 
2226). She was probably found not worth repairing, 
and was broken up. D. Pedro de Valdes remained a 
prisoner more or less at large {ante, p. 374) for about 3 
years, when he paid a ransom of 3,000/. and returned to 
Spain. In 1602 he was appointed Governor of Cuba. He 
held the office till 1608, during which time he built the 
Castilla del Morro to defend the Havana. On his return. 



APPENDIX G 



385 



\ 



he retired to Gijon, his native place, and died there in 
1614. 

48. With D, Alonso de Leyva and the survivors from 
the Rata on board, was lost in Giennagiveny Bay, a few 
miles to the west of Inishowen Head (S. P. Ire/and, Eh::., 
cxxxvi. 36, in.) Many were drowned ; some were killed 
or taken prisoners ; D. Alonso and the rest were taken off 
by the Girona, No, 123. 

54. Got back to the Passages, where she accidentally 
caught fire and blew up, Oquendo, who had been in all 
the expeditions of his time, a man of fiery courage and 
vehement temper, did not live to witness this last blow, 
dying of vexation on the Z3nd of September. 

55- 56. TheAlmiranteoftheGuipuzcoansquadronwould 
seem to have left the Nuestra Sefiora de la Rosa and gone 
on board the San Salvador, probably at the Groyne. 
Both Spanish and English accounts speak of the ship that 
was partially blown up on the evening of July 2 1 as the 
almiranla or vice-admiral of Oquendo, and it is perfectly 
certain that this ship was the San Salvador {ante, p. 155). 
But misled by his list, Captain Duro has insisted {La 
Armada Invencible, \. 197) that ' the burnt ship ' was the 
N. S. de la Rosa, which was actually lost among the Blaskets 
(5. P. Ireland, Elia., cxxxvi. 41, V.). 

66. According to the list, the largest ship in the armada, 
though apparently not the most heavily armed. Her com- 
mander, Bertendona, having distinguished himself in the 
fighting (ante,^p. 359, 366), more fortunate than many of his 
companions in arms, succeeded in reaching Spain. In the 
next year, he took part in the defence of Corunna against 
Drake, and burnt his ship to prevent her falling into the 
handsof the enemy. In 159I he commanded a ship in the 
armada at the Azores under D. Alonso de Bazan, and is 
said by Captain Duro(i. 212) to have been the actual captor 
of the Revenge. 

68. In La Felicisstma Armada the name is given as La 
Kata Santa Maria Encoronada. She was cast ashore on 
the coast of Erris, and split in pieces {ante, p. 262), when 
Alonso de Leyva with most of his men were said to have 
got on board the San Martin. Afterwards he removed to 
the Duquesa Santa Ana. 

69, tn que iba Diego Tellez Enriquez. From the 
VOL. 11. C C 



386 THE SPANISH ARMADA 

terrible battering which she got on July 39, and from the 
fate of the San Mateo and San Felipe her companions in 
the fight, it seems extremely probable that she foundered 
during the night or was the ship that went down whilst in 
treaty with Captain Crosse. Her name does not appear 
afterwards. 

JO. Lost on the coast of Ireland. The examination of 
D. Alonso de Luzon is given ante, p. 271. 

71. 74. Their armament is given vol. i. p. xlv. It does 
not appear from the list that they ought to be regarded as 
exceptional. 

76. A ship of Rostock ; was lost on Fair Island, where 
Juan Gomes de Medina and his men remained through the 
winter. In the following year they crossed to Scotland 
and reached Edinburgh, whence they obtained a passage to 
Spain. The coincidence of the name gave rise to a rumour 
long prevalent that it was the general of the expedition, 
the Duke of Medina-Sidonia, who was wrecked on Fair 
Island. 

jg. A Hamburg ship. On January 22, 1588-9, as she 
was returning to Hamburg from Lisbon, she was captured 
and taken into Plymouth (B.M. Lansd. MS. cxliv. 282). 

83. Wrecked in Bigbury Ba.y(eiate, pp. 289-90), thou^ 
how she got there is a puzzle, to which Gonzalez' Relation 
(ante, p. 371) does not offer any solution. It would seem 
that after passing round Ireland she ran into the Channel, 
under the impression that she was on her way to Spain, 
tit] she was rudely brought up by the Devonshire coast It 
was on the Bolt Tail, the southern headland of Bigbury 
Bay, that the 90-gun ship Ramillies was lost in 1760. 

87. Lost on the coast of Ireland {ante, p. 302 ; Duro, 
ii. 332). 

121. Driven ashore and captured at Calais. She was 
left aground and became a complete wreck, 

122. Is said to have arrived on the coast of Ireland 
about September 4, with 80 men dead of hunger and thirst 
and the rest dying. From the Irish they could get no 
relief, but obtained it from a French ship which they met, 
and so succeeded in reaching Havre, where they were hos- 
pitably received (Fomeron, fft'st. de Philippe II., iii, 347). 
The story seems doubtful in its details, for it is difficult to 
imagine what a French ship could be doing on the west 



APPENDIX G 387 

coast of Ireland at that time, and the Spanish records return 
her as missing (Duro, ii. 332). Her purser fell into the 
hands of the English, possibly when he had come on shore in 
hopes of obtaining victuals and water. From his examina- 
tion on September 9 it does not appear that the ship had 
been then lost 

123. After narrowly escaping the fate of the Duquesa 
Santa Ana (No. 48), she received the survivors on board, 
including D. Alonso de Leyva, the Count of Paredes, and 
other men of distinction, and putting to sea, was dashed to 
pieces near the Giant's Causeway. It was believed that every 
soul on board perished. The place of the wreck, pointed 
out by tradition, still bears the name of Spaniard Rock, the 
western head of Port-na-Spagniagh. Don Alonso, knight 
of Santiago, Commendador of Alcuesca, having served with 
honour in the Low Countries and as captain-general of the 
Sicilian galleys, had been appointed captain-general of the 
horsemen of Milan, but had resigned the office to take part 
in the English expedition, with a secret commission as 
commander-in-chief in case of the death of Medina-Sidonia. 
It is said that the king felt more grief for his death than 
for the loss of the fleet 

124. Returned to Spain. 

125. 126. 128. Returned to Spain. Burghley noted on 
his copy of La Felicissima Armada that 126 was * driven 
into Blavet' 

127. Wrecked at Bayonne. 



CC2 



388 THE SPANISH ARMADA 



APPENDIX H. 



BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. 



When the first volume of this work was issued, the 
Editor was unable to speak with certainty as to the origin 
of the Relation of Proceedings printed at pp. 1-18, al- 
though he felt little doubt that it was drawn up under 
Howard's direction. The correspondence between it and 
the account printed by Ryther in 1 590, under the title of 
A Discourse concerning the Spanish Fleets was at once 
pointed out, and it was suggested that this Relation, as well 
as Ryther's Discourse, was a translation from the Italian of 
Petruccio Ubaldino. The suggestion was probably made 
without a close comparison of the two, for Ryther's Discourse 
contains many details which are foreign to the other, and is 
evidently of a later date. The question, however, is defi- 
nitely set at rest by the discovery in the British Museum 
of Ubaldino's MS. {CR,, 14. A. x), with a dedication to 
Lord Howard of sufficient bibliographical interest to war- 
rant its reproduction here. It is to this effect : — 

Most excellent and noble Lord : — 

Your Lordship's own relation of what happened against 
the enemy's fleet in these seas, first written in English, now 
returneth to you in Italian, to the end that the abundant 
content won for the English nation by the happy success of 
those days, may also bear witness to other nations, in a 
language which they understand, of the valour and conduct 
of your Lordship, by the favour, wisdom and good fortune 
of her Majesty the Queen, High Admiral of this kingdom, 
supreme commander and chief of all that was therein 
achieved, as also of the honour that was gained, and of the 
security to the public quiet. And in truth, as appertaining 
to my office, I have sought to adorn the relation and the 



APPENDIX H 389 

Subject thereof, written plainly in your own tongue, with 
words which seem more suitable in Italian, and are requisite 
as well for the clear understanding of the matter, as for in- 
struction in every sort of history, but none the less free from 
all adulation and partiality, so as the simple verity, looked 
for by those who read, may be found therein, which other- 
wise I know that your Lordship would not receive it. 

It remains now that I should thank your Lordship for 
your favour in vouchsafing to entrust rae with this charge, 
and for that I being an Itahan, your Lordship should have 
wished the relation of your achievements to be translated 
into the Italian tongue sooner than into any other, to the 
end the same should be known by other nations and people. 
And two things there are which, without doubt, will prosper 
the same, inasmuch also as the Queen's Majesty's pleasure 
appears therein. For first, the opinion is confirmed which 
hath long been held, that her Majesty hath ever been and 
still is affectionated with royal constancy unto this tongue 
and this nation ; and if I am not deceived, her Majesty 
doth also desire and procure that the same should appear. 
And for the other, the achievements of your Lordship shall 
be openly showed to these distant nations and these noble 
princes, like as the clear and honoured prowess of many of 
your name, which are set forth in history to the honour and 
great glory of the English crown ; an aim, in truth, praise- 
worthy and desirable, the special mark of noble minds. 

I have also added to the tenor and course of the story 
some notes by way of apostilles, which seemed to me the 
more necessary to the end they that read may not lack the 
means whereby to attain a better understanding thereof 
than they would procure by their own travail ; knowing 
that there is nothing which tendeth more surely to the 
perfect teaching of men to win praise for their own actions, 
than the imitation of the deeds of others well and dearly set 
forth in order. 

I therefore humbly beseech your Lordship to receive 
this my travail with that favour which tliose of your name 
have ever used towards their humble friends ; and that ycu 
will vouchsafe to be a mean that the Queen, your sovereign 
Lady, and mine — foreigner though I be — may believe my 
zeal and fidelity, for that in long service with the pen, I 
have never wearied in setting forth the virtues of her 



390 THE SPANISH ARMADA 

Majesty, and that in this matter, for her particular g^oiy 
and for that of the crown, I have sought not to fail of my 
duty in any place. 

Meanwhile may the good God grant to your Lmdship 
prosperous success to your honourable thoughts, for the 
honour of her Majesty and the advantage of this realm. 
From London, the ijth of April 1589. 

Your most illustrious Lordship's 
afTectionate and humble servant, 

Petnicdo Ubaldino 
the Florentine. 

It follows then that thevery interesting document {Minted 
in vol. i. pp. 1-18, is the original of which Ubaldino's nar- 
rative is an avowedly ornate translation, and that it was 
drawn up, as already conjectured, under Howard's direction. 
The identity of the author it is impossible to guess. It is 
more literary in style than any of the letters written by 
Howard, or his secretary or his secretary's clerk. But as 
far as the present work is concerned, it is sufficient to know 
that it emanated directly and immediately from Howard ; 
and that, after being translated into Italian, and translated 
back into English, it formed the basis of the accounts given 
by Camden and Stow, who reared thereon a weighty super- 
structure of very questionable matter, and was largely repro- 
duced by Entick in his Naval History. Lediard and Morant 
alone have referred to the original MS,, but without any 
knowledge of its absolute value. 

The celebrated Tapestry hanging^ of the old House of 
Lords, which were burnt with it in 1 834, had an historical 
value which ought not to be overlooked. Within a very 
few years of the events portrayed they were designed and 
woven for Howard, and were already decorating the walls 
of Arundel House in 1602 (Chamberlain's Letters, 169). 
They were afterwards sold to King James and by him pre- 
sented to the House of Lords. They were thus accepted by 
Howard and such friends as we may suppose he consulted 
— Lcvcson, Hoby, Preston, Seymour, 'old ' Grayand others — 
as fair representations of the battles and the formation of 
the fleets. It is not of course to be supposed that they were 
rigidly accurate ; we know by our own experience of later 
pictures — such as Loutherbourg's ' First of June ' — how im- 



APPENDIX H 391 

possible it is to arrive at accuracy of detail ; but these 
pictures by Cornelis de Vroom were accepted by competent 
judges as not outrageously unlike, which is, perhaps, the 
most that can be said of any battle picture. They were 
destroyed by the fire sixty years ago; but fortunately 
had been engraved, nearly loo years before, by John 
Pine (fol. 1739), whose work has thus something of the 
value of an original record. The engravings are accom- 
panied by a careful narrative drawn up by the Rev. P. 
Morant, which is sufficient for the purpose intended, but 
has no original authority. The maps and plans, on the 
other hand, are taken from the plates drawn by Robert 
Adams and engraved by Ryther in 1 590 as illustrations to 
the Discourse already mentioned. They are thus strictly 
contemporarj' and have a real value. 

A short narrative, void of all detail, was published in 
1588, under the title of Tl%e copie of a Letter sent out of 
EHgland to Don Bemardin Mendosa, Ambassador in France 
for the King of Spain. It is little more than a pamphlet, 
and has no special authority, though its age gives it a 
kind of respectability. Another pamphlet of the same date 
(1588), entitled Certain advertisetnents out of Ireland con- 
cerning the Losses and Distresses happened to tlie Spanish 
Navie, contains some of the depositions of prisoners and a 
general summary of the losses. All other early accounts 
are directly or indirectly based on the Discourse published 
by Ryther, with a larger or smaller intermixture of current 
gossip or Dutch imaginings, and have little or no value. 

Towards the end of last century Bruce's Report (see 
vol. i. p. Ixxxi) was printed for the Government, but was not 
then offered for sale and is now rare. Whether in accor- 
dance with his instructions or from his own judgment, 
Bruce dealt most fully with the defensive preparations on 
shore, and such naval papers as the book contains were 
printed from very inaccurate transcripts. Barrow, in his 
Life of Drake, has since then printed some few others ; and 
Mr. Motley and Mr. Froude have embodied in their His- 
tories tbe substance of many extracts. But extracts, or 
selections, may and often do leave a very false impression 
on the mind of the reader ; and the full story of the cam- 
paign, from the English point of view, is — to the best of the 
Editor's knowledge— now printed for the first time. 



INDEX 



* prefixed to a maris mtme indicates that the spelling is taken 

from his signature 



Achates, the, survey of, ii. 254 ; 

note on, 336 
Acles » Hawkyns, i. 73 n. ; iL 363, 

369 
Acton, Bar., ii. 340 

Adams, William, 11. 340 

Advertisements ; from Nantes, i. 
90; by Capt. Story, 120; by 
Robert Keble, 121 : Irom New- 
haven, 122 ; from Rouen, 169 ; 
from Lisbon, 175, 281 ; by 
Rochelle ships, 215 ; from Con- 
quet, 240; from Rochelle, 230, 
281 ; from Bayona, 272 ; from 
St Sebastian, 292 ; from the 
Lord Admiral, ii. 69 ; from 
Blavet, 1 3 1-2 ; from the Shetland 
Isles, 137 ; contradictory, 146 ; 
by Gilbert Lee, 341 

Advice, the, ii. 39 

A|^nst s again, i. 241 n. 

Aid, the, i. 35, 126; ii. 124; to 
take the Santa Ana, 184, 194, 
196-7 ; note on, 336 

Aid of Bristol, the, ii. 338 

Albert, the Cardinal Archduke, i. 

93 «. 
Aldemcy, recovering of, ii. 311 

Allen, Cardinal, his book, i. 209 n, 

Allin, Thomas, i. 95 n. 

Alvarez, Vicente de, Captain of the 

Rosario, his examination, ii. 18 
Anderson, Sir Edmond, Lord Chief 

Justice, i. 291 ; ii. 218 



Angel of Hampton, the, burnt at 
Calais, ii. 287 

*Anson, Commodore, his opinion 
on scurvy, i. p. Ixiii ; adminis- 
ters a quack medicine to cure it, 
ib. 

Antelope, the, i. 29, 66 ; with Sey- 
mour at Gravelines, ii. 2 ; survey 
of, 253 ; note on, 335 

Antonio, Dom, i. 201 n, 

Anunciada, the, i. p. xlv ; ii. 386 

Aquavitae, made out of poor wine, 
li. 291 

Arceo, Jeronimo de. Secretary of 
the Duke of Medina-Sidonia, ii. 

363-4 
Ardeme, Robert, i. 318^1. 

Aremberg, Count, £e chief of the 
Spanish Conunissioners for the 
treaty, ii. 53 

Ark, the ; mentioned, passim ; 
bought for 5,ooc/., i. 85 n. ; the 
odd ship in the world, 85 ; sails 
well, 86 ; the best ordered for all 
conditions, 96; a leak stopped, 
138 ; waits with the stranded 
galleass, 346 ; survey of, ii. 
242-8, 251 ; launch of, 319 ; up- 
holstering of her cabin, ib., 322 ; 
streamers for, 321 ; note on, 332 

Arm » to equip, i. 213 

Armada, la felicfsima ; not officially 
known as the Invincible, i. p. 
xxix ; popular exaggerations, pp. 



394 



THE SPANISH ARMADA 



xxxii, xxxiii ; ii. 51 ; fisiulty 
equipment of, i. p. xxxiii ; puts 
into Corunna, tb, ; numerical 
strength of, pp. xl, xli ; tactical 
cause of its defeat, p. li ; great 
preparations for, i. 2 ; equip- 
ment of, 176, 360 ; sailed from 
Lisbon, 194 ; reported as being 
at Ushant, 206, 214, 219 ; crews 
of many nationalities, 242 ; ii. 
21 ; sighted off the Lizard, 6 
288; IS fought with off Ply- 
mouth, i. 7, 288-90, 358 ; ii. 55-6, 
356-7 ; off St. Albans, L 10-12 ; 
"• S^i 359-^ ; o^ ^^ Isla of 

Wight, 1. 13-14,359 ; ii. 56, 361- 
2 ; anchors before Calais, i. 15, 

345, 359; ". 7-9, 57, 3^3; 
driven from its anchors by fire- 
ships, i. 15, 346, 359; ii. 9, 57, 
364-5 ; completely defeated off 
Gravelines, i. 15-17; ii. lo-ii, 
58, 207, 365-8 ; flies to the 
north, i. 17-18 ; ii. 39, 59,208,369- 
70 ; principal persons in, ii. 20 ; 
victuallers to follow, ^i ; knew 
that the English fleet was at 
Plymouth, 28 ; in want of pilots, 
29 ; men wasted with sickness 
and slaughter, 39, 61 ; will pro- 
bably pass about Scotland and 
Ireland, 40 ; may possibly return, 
52 ; the world never saw such a 
force, 59 ; weakened of about 20 
sail, 64 ; list of, 376-81 ; sum- 
mary of losses, 382-5 

Armado - great ship, 1. 13 ^ 

Armament, comparison of English 
and Spanish, 1. pp. xliv-xlyiii ; of 
the London ships, i. 339 

Arme=»Herm, i. 121 

Armour, price of, in Middelburg, i. 
312 

Amemuiden, well affected to the 
Queen, i. 71, loo-i, 104; enter- 
tains Howard at supper, 99 ; 
has disbanded its company, 233 

Ascoli, Prince of, i. \^^1U\ ii. 23 

Ascott, i. 25 

•Ashley, Sir Anthony, i. 25 «. ; his 
report to the Council about the 
San Pedro, ii. 292-6 



Ashley, Henry, i. 25 n. 

Assurance, the, ii. 335 

Aumale, Duke of, his civility to 

Seymour, i. 17711. ; besides 

Boulogne, 178-9 
•Austyne, John, ii. 241, 248-99 254, 

339 
Axminster refuses to pay, L 259 ; ii. 

232 

•Ayscuc, Sir George, ii. 335 



Bacon, Sir Francis, i. 98 if. 

*Baeshe, Edward, i. ^7, n. 

Baker, Christopher, li. 12, 194, 197 

*Baker, Mathew, reports on Haw- 
kyns* bargain, i. 38-44 ; men- 
tioned, ii. 254, 336 

Baker, Thomas, i. 86-7 

Barca de Amburg, ii. 272, 275 

Barfetnes - Barfieur, i. 120 

Bame, Sir George, ii. 170 

Bamevelt, i. 1 14 

Barretts Trim'fy House of Deptr 
fordStrondy referred to, 1. 325 «., 

339 «. 

•Barrey, Richard ; letter to Burgh- 
ley, 1. 86 ; to Walsyngham, 362 ; 
is sick, ii. 143 ; dead, 144 

Barron, Sir John, Mayor of Bristol, 
i.259 

Barrow's Life of Drake^ referred to 
i. pp. xlii, xlviii ; ii. 354, 391 

Bartholomew, the, ii. 248 

Bavens = faggots, i. 363 

Bayona, no Spanish ships at, L 
273 ; some are there, 281 ; ad- 
vertisement from, ii. 341 

Bayonne de Buck, ii. 132 

Beach » shingle, ii. 94 

Bear, the ,White, i. 8, 14, 23, 26, 

58, 76, 97 ; ii. 322, 339 ; hath a 

leak, ii. 67 ; is very sickly, 96 ; 

defects, 249 ; survey of, 251 ; 

note on, 333 
Bear Yonge, the, burnt at Calais, 

ii. 287 «., 337 
Beard, a long grey, i. 49 
Bearsabe, the, ii. 338 
Bedford, Richard, i. 139 
Beer, Howard complains of the, i. 

p, Ixii; ii. 159; had gone sour 



within a month, ib., ib. % similar 
complaints by Hawke, i. p. Ixii ; 
Darell trying to brew ii again, i. 
i6oi belter beer 



mied, i 



I7S 



Beeston, Sir George, knighted, i. 

14/1. ; conduct for relinue, ii. 318 ; 

mentioned, i. 16, 76; ii. 12 
Begoiia, the Santa Maria de, ii. 

359-366 
•Bellingham, Henry, i. p. xli, 311 ; 

ii. 42-43. 48, n9«., lao, 133-4 
Bergholt, East 1 the Justices of, to 

the Council, i. 163-5 1 the place 

is poor and decayed, 164 
Betake - commit, i. 208, 181 
Beioar stones, ii. 293 
Bibliographical note, ii. 388 
Billingsgate oyster-boat, i. 256 
Bingham, George, ii, 300 
•Bingham, Sir Richard, ii. 237 k. 

Letter to FytEwyltiam, 237 ; to 

Walsyngham, 261 ; to the Queen, 

299 



Blake, General Robert, referred 



Btakeney, belongs to 
King's Lynn, i. 144 
Blessing, the, ii. 21 r 
Blount, Sir Cliaries, 



Ixn 






Blucke, Richard, ii. 340 
t Bluet = Blavet, iL 131 
I Boatswains of the Que 

a of the, ii. 241 

■ - * o de. iL 30, 367. 




s ships, 



1, John, i. 229 «. 

nham, Roger, i. 1291. 

f*Bodley, Sit Thomas, ii. 95 n., 114, 

I IBS 

I Bonavenlure, Elizabeth, the, i. 1 5 n., 
16: fire on board, 26; runs 
ashore, 96 ; ^(s off without 
damage, 97 \ is 27 years old, 
ill. ; never was a stronger ship, 
ii>.> hi: goes to I'lymoulh with 
Howard, 179: had been m the 



Trade, 215; had been to take 
the Santa Ana, but returned, ii. 
194, 196-7 ; wants of, 249 ; sur- 
vey, 251 ; upholstering of cabin, 
323 ; note on, 333 
Bouavolia, the, ought to be abroad, 
i. 1 33 ; if not 61 to sail, is fit for 
the Sre, ib. n. ; not able to keep 
the sea, 287, 330-7 ; note on, 
"- 33S 
Bond, Sir George, letter to, i. 193 
Bond, Thomas, t. 193 
Bond, the Bark, burnt at Calais, 
ii. 287, 337 

Bonner, Abraham, i. 339 

Bonner, the Bark, ii. 337 

Bor, unduly credulous, i. p, Ixxix 

•Borlas, William, letter to Wal- 
syngham, ii. 29 

'Borough, William, his quarrel wiib 
Drake, i. p. Ixxv ; abused by 
Drake, 74-5 ; his flight, 148 ; 
his chart of the Thames, 337; 
conduct for retinue, ii. 318 ; men- 
tioned, i. 51, 80, 332; iL 176, 
257. Letter to Burghley, i. 74 ; 
to Howard, i. 76; to Waisyng- 
ham, i. 336 ; il 42, 165 

Boslocke, John, i. 28 n. \ iL 182, 335 

Bostocke, Thomas, letter to Sir 
(J. Bond, i. 19; 

Boulogne, siege of, L 177-8 

•Bowrchier, Sir George, ii. 2S1 
283 

•Braye, William, L 136, 163 

Brierley, William, ii. 20 

Bnght, Edward, built the Mary 
Rose, iL 33S 

Bristol, Darcll to victual the ships 

■« of, L 253 

Brockinge, Robert, i. 259 

Brook, H., L p. Ixxvi 

Brooke, Sir William, ii. 335 

Brouage, trade to, L 120-1 

Brown, Brute, i. 310 m. ; iL 4-; 

Browne, Mr-, L 101 

"Browne, Sir Valentine, iL sBl 

Bruce, John, bis Report, i. p. Ixxxi ; 
ii. 39( 

Buckhurst, Lord, ii. S9 n. 

•Burj^hley, Lord, Lord High Tre.i- 
surer, p>usiin ; advocated ihc 



396 



THE SPANISH ARMADA 



use oi the rack, i. p. xix ; his 
arithmetic, p. Iviii n. ; memoranda 
by, i. 127 ; ii. 87, 109; is in 
great pain, i. 142 ; his daughter 
dead, 198 ; signs an order for 
money, 261 ; ii. 265 ; much 
troubled, L 284 ; want of money, 
ib, ; has conferred with Palavi- 
cino and Saltonstall, 285 ; is pro- 
viding money, ii. 84. Letters to 
Walsyngham, i. 141, 268, 284 ; 
ii. 84 ; to Darell, i. 268 ; to 
Trenchard and Hawley, ii. 85 

Burgundian flag, i. 236 n, 

Bumell, Francis, i. 186 ; iL 129, 
316 ; family of, i. 186 n. 

^Bumham, Edward, i. 351 ; letter 
to Walsyngham, i. 312 

Bull, the, survey of, ii. 253 ; note 
on, 336 

Butler, William, i. 339 

Byford, William, il 319, 322-3 

Bylander, i. 2, 337 

Bytack ■= binnacle, i. 87 «. (Smith's 
Seamofis Grammar has bittack) 

Cables, to be made in Muscovy, i. 

95 
♦Caesar, Sir Julius, L 25 i». 

Calais Cliffs, i. 282 

Calico, for flags, ii. 321 

Camden, his list of volunteers, I 
p. Ixxvi 

Campvere, well affected to the 
Queen, i. 71, 100- 1, 104; enter- 
tains Howard at dinner, 99 ; has 
dismissed its soldiers, 233 

Carey, Francis, i. 310 n, 

♦Carey, Sir George, i. 14, 188 ». ; 
has not authority to levy money, 
132. Letter to Walsyngham, 
131 ; to Sussex, 323 ; to Lord 
Hunsdon, ii. 137 

Carey, Robert, i. pp. Ixxvi, Ixvii; 
ii. 195 n, 

Carr, Pier o, deposition of a prisoner 
so called, ii. 226 

♦Cary, George, i. 187, 188 «., 304 ; 
ii. 294, 296. Letters to : Wal- 
syngham, i. 326 ; ii. 186, 278 ; 
the Council, i. 328 ; ii. 188, 263, 
276, 289 



Castillo Negro, the, ii. 275 
Catalina, the, ii. 357 
♦Cecill, Robert, i. pp. Ixxvi, Ixxvii, 
98 If., 151. Letter to his father, 

342 
♦Cecill, Thomas, L pp. Ixxvi, Ixxvii 

Cely, Dorothy, her petition, i. p. xxi 

♦Cely, Thomas, the case of, i. p. 
xxi, xxii ; brought intelligence to 
the Admiral, 262 ; advocates a 
sharp war and short, 264; was 
accused of meddling with coun- 
cillors' matters, ib, ; went away 
with a ilea in his ear, 265 ; in the 
Inquisition, 265; ii. 343-7; has 
lost 2,000/. in serving the Queen, 
i. 265 ; strikes the Inquisitors' 
Secretary, 266 ; his son's vessel 
taken by the Fr^ich, 267 ; asks 
for leave to take a Frenchman, 
ib, ; brings the Admiral word of 
the capture of the Rosario, ii. 
107 ; takes two Scots to London, 
158; and a good many flags, 
15^-9 > plunders the Spanish 
prisoners, 209 ; commanded the 
Minion in 1585, and the Elizabeth 
Drake in 1588, 337. Letters to 
Burghley, i. 261 ; iL 345 ; to the 
Queen, ii. 343 

Centurion, the, i. 10 

Champemowne, Sir Arthur, ii. 201 
n, 

♦Champemowne, Gawen, ii. 200-1, 
n. 

Chance, the, charges for, ii. 200 

Chapman, Christopher, i. 135-6, 
162 

Chapman, Richard, ii. 332, 336 

.Chard, refuses to pay, i. 259 ; ques- 
tion of its share, ii. 232-3 

Charges, ii. 232, 236, 268. See 
Estimates 

Charles, the, i. 99 ; rescues two 
English barks, loo-i ; to take 
the Santa Ana, ii. 184, 194, 196-7 ; 
survey of, 253 ; note on, 336 

Chatham Church, i. 107 

Check with = fight with, i. 280 

Chester, Richard, i. 339 

Chidley (PChudleigh), John, i. 173 
n. ; commended, ii. 60 n. 



I 



Chopping up— dapping in prison, 

i. 47 
Cinque Ports, men of the, com- 
mended, i. 363 
Clayton, a messenger, i. 73 
Clermont d'Amboise, M., i. iiS n., 

124 
Cley, belongs to the port of King's 

Lynn, i. 144 
Clifford, Sir Alexander, ii. 335, 340 
Clothing should be sent to the fleet, 



142-5 

CoUye, Reuben, i. 153 

Command, the, li. 20i 

Commissioners for the treatjr, the, 
L 3 1 go to the Low Countries, i. 
8t, 200 ; should be called home, 
207 ; dishonourable if they do 
not come safe, 319; hard for 
them to be informed, 268 ; en- 
quiry as to their stale, 357 ; 
arrived at Dover, ii. 35-6, 52, 69 

Concur = converge, i. 337 

Cond^ the Prince of, his death, i. 

Conway, Sir John, ii. 108-9, '27 
Conyers, John, IL 237, 306 
Cooke, Sir Anthony, i. 98 n. 
Cordell, Thomas, ii. 316, 336, 338 
Cordova, D. Luis de, ii. 3cx>-l 
Corporals, their pay, ii. 231 
Cotton, for upholstering cabins, ii. 

319, 312 

Cotton, Richard, i. 1 19 

Council, the Privy, resolutions of, 

i. 170. Letters of: to Datell, 1. 

348 ; to the Deputy- Lieu tenants, 

^250; to Howard, 3 1 7 ; to Trenchard 

and Hawley, 334 ; to Seymour, 

335 ; to Burghley, ii. 121 

Council of State of the United 

Provinces, letter of, to the Queen, 

ii. 71 ; beg for a continuance of 

the Queen's support, ii. ; letter 

to the Queen's Council, 72 ; are 

endeavouring to strengthen their 

fleet, 73 : hope her Majesty's 

fleet wtU follow up the Spanish, 

ii. i £end the 



■fi'f 397 

prisoners, ti. ; and of deserters, 

74 ; fear that Parma will turn his 

great power against their country, 

it. 
Council of War, i. 6, 8, 3Io : ii. i, 

6,8 
Council of War, Spanish, i. p. 

xxxviji; ii. =8, 133, 368 
Courteney, William; letter to Wal- 

syngham, i. 117 n. 
•Courteney, Sir William, ii. 294, 

37 '-2 
Covenanters, persecution of the, i. 

p. xix 
Coxe, William, L 11 «. ; brings 

intelligence, 92-4 ; note on, 92 ; 

boards the San Lorenzo, ii. 9 : is 

slain, ii. 
Ciane, the, iL 339 
■*Croft, Sir James, 1. 49 n., 219 
Cromster, n. 125 n. 
•Crosse, Sir Robert, i. 17 «., 25, 

263 ; ii. 58, 335-7, 340. Letter 

to Drake, i. 171 
Cumberland, Earl of, i. 16 ; ii. 6, 

59.69.84,95, 195.211,297.338 
Cure's ship, burnt at Calais, ii. 287 

Cuts^l-sa sail.i. 8a n., 84, 179 
Cuttle, Robert, i. 339 



Dainty, the, ii. 339 
Dancers, the, gallantest, i, 201 
•Darell, Mannaduke, i. ij7 n., 197 
«., 234-6, 268, 296; li. 111-2, 
235. 265, 305. His wise and 
well doings, 1. 197, 199; his care, 
21S ; money should be sent to, 
228; lime of victualling, 243; W 
send word when the victuajs will 
be ready, 248-9 ; to victual the 
Bristol and Lyme ships, 253 ; 
reprimanded by Burghley, 270 ; 
will prepare victuals for the 
London ships, 293 ; money to be 
scnl by a draft on some merchant 
in Exeter, ii. ; the statements in 
his former reports are true ; 
begs he may not be condemned 
until the contrary is proved, 294 ; 
begs for payment, 295 j declares 



398 



THE SPANISH ARMADA 



the sour beer was good at first, 

ii. 159 : is to brew it over again, 

160. Letters : to the Council, i. 

143, 25a, 289 ; to Walsyngham, 

i. 244 : lo Burghley, 293. Letter 

to, from Burghley, 268 
Damix, ii. 319 «. 
•Dairell, William, i. 197 n. 
Davey, John, i, 126 
Deadmen, (lie pay of, 1. 284 
Dead-shares, i. p, Ixix, 32 n. ; ii. 

178 
Defend = repel, i. 264; li. 148 
Defiance, the, i. 229 ». 
Delight, the, i. 11 ; ii. 12, 337 
Denmark, the King o^ may relieve 

the Spanish ships, ii. 98-9 
Denny, Sir Edward, ii. 335 
Denys, Sir Robert, i. 304 : ii. 232 
•Denys, Sir Thomas, ii. 277 
Derby, Earl of, i. 343 
Derrick's Memoirs of the Royal 

Navy, referred to, i. p, jJv 
Desmond, Earl of, ii. 27S_ 
Determination = ending, i. 243 
Detract time, i. 200, 203 
Diet, i. p. Ixix, 32 n. ; ii, 178, 322 
Digges, Thomas, 55 n. 
•Dillon, Sir Lucas, ii. 381, 283, 2S5 
•Dillon, Sir Robert, ii. 281, 283 
Disdain, the, i. 7 ; 'i. 338 
Donago, Horatio, ii. 262 »., 276 
Doncella, the, receives some of the 

men of the San Felipe, ii. 367 
Doria, Andrew, i. 133 n. 
Douglas, Archibald, i. 233 
Dove, Richard, i. 339 
Dover, inspected by the Lord 

Admiral, 1. 82 ; by Wynter, ib., 

180; beer to be brewed at, it. 

159-60 
Downs, the small, 1. 254 
Dragon, the, ii. 311 
•Drake, Sir Francis ; his career, 
i. pp. liii, xiv, Ixxiii-lxxvi ; Ad- 
miral in (he west, 4 ; Vice-Ad- 
miral of the fleet, 5 ; pursues 
some merchant ships, 8 ; li. 103 ; 
captures the Rosario, i. 9 ; ii. 

J 08, 135-6 ; commands the 
second sc^uadron, i. tz i attacks 
the Spanish fleet, 16; a man 



killed by bursting of a eun, 4K; I 
his quarrel with Borough, 74-5 ; f 
urges the advantage of going oa I 
the coast of Spain, 124, 200, 203, I 
237 : want of powder, 125 ; de- 
mands muskets and arrows, ia6; 
meets ihe Lord Admiral at Ply- 
mouth, 179; fear o^ al Cadii, 
182 ; commended by the King 
of Spain, 183 j bears hitnseU' 
lovingly and kindly, 202 ; one of 
Ihe Admiral's council, 210 ; ad- 
vanced money for victuals, 218 J 
sent into the Trade, 346 ; lying 
towards Ushant, 247 ; places the 
men at six upon four, 252 ; takes 
measures to procure intelligence 
256 : is ready for sea, 373 ; 
Parma and Medioa-Sidonia shall 
not shake hands, 341 ; victuals 
should be sent, 341; takes 
possession of the Rosario, 358 ; 
the prisoners of the Rosario are 
his, 364; Medina-Sidonia shall 
wish himself among his orange 
trees, ib. ; bis seal and crest, li, 
62 n. ; his friendly relations with 
Howard, lol ; is railed at tw 
Frobiser, 102-3 ! '" counal 
about the infection, 139 ; Me- 
dina-Sidonia is like to have 
unquiet rest, 147 ; carriesa letter 
to the Court, 167 ; his note of 
the Rosario's treasure, 168-91 
10 report what is due to Potts, 
255 ; his rate of pay, 315. Men- 
tioned, i. 7, 73, 103, 107-8, 113, 
115. 126, 139, 143, 150-1, 170, 
173, 201, 235, 249, 257-8, 270-1, 
276-81, 296-7,300-1, 326; ii. ^ 
93-4. 110, 143. 163. "65> 173. 
176, 329, 287, 303, 30s, 317, 
Sa^-?! 339- Letters : to the 
Council 1. 123 1 to the Queen, i. 
147, 165 ; ii. 68 i to Seymour or 
Wynter, i. 289 ; to Walsyngham, 
1.228,341,364; ii. 61,62,97, 101, 
146 
Drake, Richard, sent to the Ad- 
miral, i. 354 ; his instructions, 
355 ; had charge of D. Pedro de 
Valdes. ii. 136 



^^^^^K INDEX 399 f 


^^^DrSdno^Sr t*>e, i- ", l6: ii- 




3IZ ; wants of, u. 249 ; survey of. 


ii. ; alleged parsimony as to the 


iS^ ■ nole on, 135 


Dublin, Archbishop of; 11. z8t, 383 


charge, (A ; so also as to the 


Duck, the, ii. 339 


lack of powder, Ixiv ; careless 


Dudley, Sir Robert, 333 


for her surety, 133, 320 ; relieth 
on a hope that will deceive her, 


Duke, Robert, i. 339 


Dunkirk, two ships of, stayed, i. 


133 ; if time is lost, money or 


321 ; pilots from, 236 ; not a 


jewels will not help, ii. -. reads a 


place for ships to lie off, 331, 


letter from Robert Cecill several 


333 i ships ought to be there 


times, 151 Linay have a good 
peace, 209 1 should have a care 
for her perfon, 217, 220; com- 


more than they are, ii. 148-9 


DuDwich, petition of. 1. 154 


^L Duro, Captain C. Femande: de. 


mends Howard's care, 217 ; is 


^m his Za Armada ImieactbU, \. p. 


implored to awake, 225 : might 


^P xxiv m. ; referred to, passim ; on 


take on herself the absolute 


H^ the proceedings of the Armada 


govemmenl of Holland and Zea- 


off Plymouth, i. pp. xxxviii, xxxix 


land, ii. S3 ; dined with Leicester 


Dutch chroniclers had no special 


at the camp, 8z ; could not in 


Dutch fleet off Dunkirk, ii. 49 ; the 


honour leave the camp, 83 ; 


wishes to intercept the Spanish 


chief cause of the overthrow of 


treasure ships, 167 ; warrant lo 


the Armada, 50 


Fen ton, 308 


Dutch seamen will not go lo sea 


Elizabeth of Lowestoft, the, burnt 


till they are paid, J. 337 ; deposi- 


at Calais, ii. 287, 338 ; estimate 


^m tion of two, ii. 77 ; of fourteen. 


for, 288 


K 78; hes told by, 78-81 


Elizabeth Bonaventure, the. Sec 


^M Dutch ships to join Seymour, list 


Bona venture 


^P of, i. 230 ; thirty or forty coming 


Elizabeth Jonas, the, i. lO, 11, 14, 


■ over, 337 


97 ; drove, il. 67 ; very sickly, 




96 ; measures to cleanse her of 




the infection,/*. ; unavailing, »*. ; 


Eager=sour, ii. 189 


at Chatham, 145, 166 ; wants of. 


Eddysione, the, i. 7 


249; survey (^ 250; note on, 


Edward III., gold noble of, i. p. 


334 




Elizabeth, the, ii. 202 


Edward VI., expedition to Scotland 


Embargo, on English shipping in 


in reign of, ii. 311 


Spain, i. p. xxiii ; a general. 


Edward Bonavenlure, the, note on. 


ordered, i. 127 ; of Scottish ships. 


ii. 336-7 


134 ; of French, i^. ; of the great 


Edward of Maiden, the, ii. 338 


Swede, ii. 


Eleanor, the, ii. 254 


Emptions, ii. 317-8 


Elephant, the, i. 130 


English tleet, numerical strength 


Elinalhan = the Elizabeth of Dover, 


' of, i. pp. xli, xlii ; beats out of the . 
Sound, 288 ; ii. 55 ; has npt lost ' . 


i. 186 «. J ii. 338 


Eliot, Mr. (? Lawrence), ii. 249, 


threescore men, li. 40 ; very great 


339 


sickness in, 96, 138 ; list of, 323- 


Eliiabeih, Queen of England, 


42 


approves of Drake's conduct and 


Englishmen, feigning to be Scots, 


knights him, i. p. xiv ; her 


i. 134 ; in the Armada, il 19-20; 


grievances against Spain, xv ; 


expected to favour the King of 


^t not hoodwinked by Parma, xxxv j 


Spain, 23 



400 



THE SPANISH ARMADA 



Enriquei, Diego, son of ihe Viceroy 
of Peru, his gallantry, ii, 356, 
359, 361, 366 ; put in command 
oT the Andalusian squadron, 362 ; 
his death. 3S4 

Enriquez, Diego Tellez, son of the 
Conunendador of Alcantara, his 
bravery, ii. 356 n., 359, 366-7. 
See San Juan de Sicilia 

Eperon, Duke d', ii. 184 ». 

Erisey, James, ii. 340 

Estimates and charges, i. 27, 29, 
30, 64, 1 14-5. 140-1, 275 ; ii. 298 ; 
the London ships, i. 251 ; for the 
boom at Tilbury, 287 ; for wages 
and provisions, 296 ; for payment 
in discharge, ii. 229 ; rewards 10 
certain officers, 231 ; extraor- 
dinary victual, 304 ; miscel- 
laneous accounts, 31S 

Exeter, the Mayor and Citizens of, 
pray that the several places be- 
longing to the port may be or- 
dered to assist in preparing the 
ships,!. 143 

Falcon Blanco Mayor, the, note on, 
ii. 3S6 

Famar^, M. de, 1. 83, 313 

Fancy, the, 338 

Feat = fetched, ii. 10 

Feld, Nicholas, his intelligence, ii. 
132 

Fenner, George, 1. p. xlviu 

•Fenner, Thomas, i. 16, 363, 286 ; 
■i' 6> 335 ) '''^ estimate of the 
. Spanish galleys, i. p. xxxii ; 
points out the danger of being 
caught without victuals, i. 92 ; 
sends list of available officers, 
1 18 ; in favour of going on the 
coast of Spain, 203, 23S \ one of 
the Admiral's council, 210; con- 
siderations by, 238 ; his armorial 
bearings, 1791. ; a faithful ser- 
vant of the Queen, ii. 41 j sent to 
the Queen to explain about the 
infection, 139. Letters to Wal- 
syngham, i. 90, 1 17, 279 j ii. 37 ; 
to Drake, 171 

Fenner, William, i. 172 ; ii. 194, 
197 ; mortally wounded, ii. 336 



Fenton, Edward, L 16, 17 j 
64, 176, 336 ; 10 assist Hawkyns 
in making up the accounts, ii. 
307-9 ; conduct for retinue, 318 

■Fenton, Sir Geoffrey, ii. j8l, 383 

■Femandei, Simon, ii. 339 

Fett- fetch, iL 45 

Fighting, new method of^ i. p. bnr 

Finch, i. 312 

Finch, Sir Moylc, i. 3I3M., 330M. 

Fire on board the BonavcDiur^ i. | 
26 I 

Fireships, i. 345 ; fitted out at 1 
Dover, 364 ; sent back, 365 ; re- J 
solved on in a council of war, ii, 
I, 8 ; fitted out, 9, 57 ; their SUC' 
cess, /*., 364-5 

Fisher, John, memorial o^ ii, 105 n 

Fishing, good, i. 198 

Filimorris, James, ii. Z7c^ 275 _ 

Flag ; Spanish ships fly the \ 
English, i. 125. 236 ; the French, 
236 ; the Burgundian, 236». ; of 
St George, ii. 246, 249, 320 ; of 
the Queen's arms, 246 ; ensigns, 
streamers and pennants, 246,249, 1 
320-1 

Flamenco, Jaques, ii. 272 

Fleet, list of the English, il 323- 
34 ; of the Spanish, 376-87 ; 
comparative strength of the two, 

•Flemyng, TTiomas, brings the news 
of the Armada oflf the Lizard, i. 
6n. ; ii. 171; takes the San 
Salvador to Weymouth, L 9 ; 
carried her powder to the fleet, 
ii. 157, 189 n- ; letter to Burghley 
asking for pay, 313 

Fletcher, Mr., resident at Cadix, i. I 

lS3 

Flores de Valdes, Diego, ii, 23, j 
3S7 «■. 3^ ; imprisoned, 383 

Floyd, Seymour's servant, i. 23 
ii. 36 

Floyd, Leicester's secretary, ii. 234 ' 

Flushing, the souadron before, i. 
28-9 ; visit of the fleet to, 96- 
106 ; Bonaventure on shore at, 
96-7, 104 ; three men-of-war 
from, captitre the San Matcc^ ii 
30 



INDEX 



A/ay 



FoKsight, the, ii. 194, 196-7 ; note 
on, 336 

France, the victim of Spanish in- 
trigue, 1. p. xxxi ; the King of, 
one of Howard's Trinity, 48 ; 
will not assist the Spanish, 145 ; 
has joined the League, 319 

Francisco, Emanuel, deposition of, 

ii. 234 

Fraser, Sir William, his Book of 

Carlavfrock referred to, i. 232 n. 

Fremoso, Emanuel, deposition of, 

French, the, expected to join with 
Parma, ii. 4 ; boats spying at 
Torbay, i. 329 ; ship, said to be 
on the west of Ireland, ii. 386 ; 
ships, expected to join the Span- 
ish, i. 237, 34s ; great preparation 
of, ii. 92 

Fridays, only one mea] on, i. tog 

•Frobiscr, Sir Martin, his family 
and early career, i. p. Ixxvi ; fais 
good service and death, ib. ; had 
no book learning, Ixxvii ; com- 
mands the fourth squadron, i, 12 ; 
is knighted, 14 ; returned from 
a cruise, 106, i;o ; in favour of 
going on the coast of Spain, 200, 
203 ; one of the Admiral's coun- 
cil, zio : in sharp fight, ii. 56-7 ; 
rails against Drake, 101-3; •" 
command a squadron in ihc 
Narrow Sea, 162 ; rate of pay, 
^15. Mentioned, i. 25, toj, 150; 
ii. 184.317,336 

Froude, Professor, on Dorothy 
Cely's petition, i. pp. xxi, xxii ; 
on the sour beer, Ixiii 1 his His- 
tory o/EnglandTtietnA to, 48 n., 
213"-; "-39" 

Fuentes, Count of, 1. 177 «. 

Furthow, William, ii. 340 

•FytiwyllJam, Sir William, ii. 237 «., 
Z73, 281, 2S3, 301 1 memoranda 
for the examination of prisoners, 
369 ; joint letter to the Council, 
J79. Leltet5toWalsynEham,283, 
386 



Galley slaves, Englishmen as, i. p. 

xviii, 181; ii, 282,343-7 
Galleys, reported to be lost, ii. 132 ; 

note on, 387 
•Gardener, Sir Robert, li. a8i, 283 
Garibay, Juan de, ii. 360, 366 
GarTans = nags, ii. 273 
George, the, an old hoy, i. 286 
Geoige Bonaventure, the, ii. 358 
Gerard, Thomas, a volunteer, 1. 1 j 
Gertruidenberg, mutiny at, i. 314/f. 1 



.35'- 



1- 34 



Gift of God of Lowestoft, the, ii. 

311 

Gil, Juan, put to death, ii. 302 it. ; 
captures a lishing-boat, 303 «., 
355 ; sent to Parma, 359 

Gilbert, is oppressively charged at 
Orford, i. ijs 

Cilberte, Adrian, ii, 202 

•Gilberte, Sir John, i. 304 j ii. 296 1 
has set apiart two pifies of wine 
for himself, ii. 187; ships sent 
out by, 300-3 '< l>i^ sharp practice, 
263-4,277-9,291. LettertoWal- 
syngham, i. 326 ; to the Council, 
i. 328, 338 ; ii. 188, 291 

Girona, the, note on, ii. 387 

Glass and glaiing, charge of,ii. 321 

Goddard, Anthony, i. 73 

Godolphin, Sir Francis, advertise- 

Colden Hind, the, i, 6, go. ; ii. 337 

Golden Hind, Drake's, ii. 337,339- 

40 



Gomes de Medina, Juan, ii. 386 
Gonson, Benjamin, Sir John Haw- 

kyns* father-in-law, i. p. Ixxiii 
Gonson, Benjamin, Sir John Haw- 

kyns' brother-in-law, conduct for 

retinue, ii. 318 
Gonzalez del Castillo, Gonzalo, his 

Relation, ii. 371-5 
Coodlad, William, i. 339 
Gorges, Arthur, i. p. Ixxvii 
Gorges, Sir Edmund, i. 55 n. 
Gorges, Sir Edward, L 55 n. 
♦Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, i. 55 n. 
•Gorges, Nicholas, i, 551, 311, 



THE SPANISH ARMADA 



31; ; ii. 48, 83-9, 119 ; in com- 
mand of etghl London ships, 1. 
357 ; becalmed in the river, ib, ; 
joins Seymour, ii. 6, 14, 43 ; is in 
bad health, 1;, 36 1 his victuals 
will run out, 37 ; his rate of pajf, 
316. Letter to Wals>'nghani, L 
3S7 

Gourdan, M. de, L 16, 222, 282-3, 
3ti ; ii. 174: detains the San 
Lorenzo, i. 341-3, 348-9; ii. a, 
114, 1 50 ; welcomed the Armada, 
i- 345. 347. 363 

GnLn-Grifon, the, note on, ii. 386 

Gran-Grin, the, iL 356, 361 

Gravelines, the battle of, i. pp. lii, 
liv, Iv, 16-7, 3S9i »- 2, 7-11, 58, 
365-8 ; contradictory slatemenis 
as to Ibe wind, ii. 58, 365, 367 

Gray, John, ii. 104, 195 n. 

Giay, Thomas, i. 70 n. ; ii. 104, 
171, 181, I9S«-! pay as vice- 
admiral, 31s 

Green cotton for upholstering 
cabins, ii. 319 

♦Greynvile, Sir Richard, i. 172, 187, 
177,297; ii. 163, 181,337-40 

Greynvile, Roger, ii. 340 

Guise, the Duke of, places a force 
at St Omer, i. 66 ; accepted by 
the Parisians, 1S4 ; his demands 
of the King, 19; ; in league with 
Ihe King of Spain, 203 ; ii. 27 ; 
and with Parma, i. 207 ; to sup- 
port the armada with 30,000 
men, ii. 2o ; is the Queen's 
enemy, 172. Mentioned, i. 223 

Gunners, need of, on board the 
ships, ii. 259-60 ; corporation of, 
259 

Guns, description of, i. p. xhv ; ii. 
3SO-I ; considered i^oble by 
the Spaniards, i. xlix ; great 
windage allowed, ib. 

Gwynn, David, the fictitious story 
of, i. pp. Ixuvii, Ixxviii ; the true 
story of, Uxviii, Ixxix ; to con- 
duct the examinations of pri- 
soners, ii. 219 n., 269. 271; 
charges against him, 279-85 ; a 
most lewd man, 280; a caitiff 
unworthy of life, 384 ; con- 



Gwysans, partisans of the Duke of 

Guise, i. 67 
•Gylberte, Sir Humphrey, i. 32611. 

Handmaid of Bristol, the, ii. 33S 

Hare, William, i. 339 

Harper, Richard, i. 339 

Harquebus-a-crock, i. iifr. ; ii. 
154". 

Harvey (? William), i. 15 

Harwich, inspected by Howard, L 
33. 45 ; Beet arrived at, ii. 67 j 
^fteen victuallers at, 84 

Hart, William, ii. 287, 337 

*Harte, Eustace, bischargeagainst 
Gwynn, ii. 279-85 ; his declara- 
tion, 281-3 : nephew rf Mr. 
Auditor Peyton, 285 ; is sent to 
England, 286 

Hastings, petition from, ii. 256 

Hatches = deck, ii. 135 

•Hatton, Sir Christopher, i. 317, 
334 

Hatton, William, a volunteer, L p. 

Haul the coast, i. 239 
Hawes, Mr., of London, 339 
Hawes, Sir James, ii. 340 
Hawes, Ralph, i. 257 ; ii. 248 
•Hawkyns, Sir John, overwhelmed 
at San Juan de Ltia, i. p. xiii ; 
intrigues with the King of 
Spain, ib. ; marries Gonson's 
daughter, kxiii ; becomes 
Treasurer of the Navy, ib. ; is 
accused of peculation, Ixxiv ; 
commands an expedition to 
the coast of Portugal, ib. ; 
dies in the West Indies, ib. ; 
boards the San Salvador, i. 9 ; 
coRunands the third squadron, 
12 ; attacks the Santa Ana, 13 ; 
is knighted, 14 ; his bargain for 
the navy, 34-7 ; his conduct 
criticised, 38-44 ; ii. 266-8 ; pro- 
poses resolute war, i. 60 ; has 
left his bargain without warrant, 
ided by Howard. 



INDEX 



79 ; the shipwrighia are hostile 
to him, 87 ; advises a squadron 
on the coast of Spain, 200, 
103 ( of the Admiral's Council, 
ato ; advanced money to DarcU, 
318 ; lying towards Scilly, 147 ; 
hard speeches against, 273 ; his 
account of [he fighting. 318-61 ; 
arrived al Harwich, ii. 67 j in 
council about the infecti 



relir 



the 



to pay money 

men, 183 ; his pains to win 
Buighlc/s favour, 314 ; is seldom 
idle, ib, \ thinks nothing 
to be feared from the S] 
this season 214; begs that 
Fen ton may be appointed lo 
assist him with the accounts, 
307 ; which is done, 309 ; his 
pay as rear-admiral, 314. Letters 
to Burghley, i. 33, 87. 95, 111, 
274! i'- 163. 175- 2". 229. 352 ; 
to Walsyngham, i. 58, 358 ; 
ii. 67, 313 ; to Howard, ii. 66 ; 
petition to the Queen, ii. 306. 
Mentioned, i. 24, 5'. 73. 80, 
112-13, "5. "7, I3S-6, 141, 
159, 271, 296, 311; ii. 6, 141, 
'43. 173. '84-5. 265, 287. 33S, 
337 
♦Hawkyns, Richard, i. 16; ii. 339 
•Hawkyns, William, Mayor of 
Plymouth, i. 73 a. ; is graving the 
ships, 73 ; draws a bill on his 
brother, ib. ; the Plymouth ships 
will be re victualled, 260 1 letter 
to the Council, the Spanish fleet 
is in view, 289 ; to receive the 
brass guns from the Roebuck, 
ii. 289 
Hawkyns, William, ii. 340 
•Hawley, Francis, letter to, from 
the Council, i. 334 1 letter to, 
from Burghley, ii. 85 ; he is to 
take charge of the ordnance and 
stores of the San Salvador, and 
send up an inventory, 86 ; joint 
letter to the Council, iji. See 
Trcnchard 
•Hcneage, Sir Thomas, i. 312, 317, 
321. Letter lo Walsyngham, ii. 
9S 



Henriquei. D. Juan, it. 174 
Henry V., his killing the prisoners, 

i. p. xvii 
Henry Vll., his right to the throne, 

i. p. jotvii 
Henry VHL, supplies of victuals 

under, i. Ux, 137 «.; the Mary 

Rose and Swallow were ships in 

his lime, 79 «. ; expedition to 

Leith under, 213 ; granted a 

corporation for the gunners, ii. 

259; the engagement with the 

French in 1545, 311 
Heredia, Pedro de, sent to Gour- 

dan, ii. 363 
•Hoby, Sir Edward, i. 98K., 105, 

279 ; ii. 6, 5;. Memorandum by, 

L 262 
Hoby, Sir Thomas, i. 9S «. 
Hogge Bay, Bay of Hogges > 

La Hogue, i. 120; ii. 138; a 

Spanish ship there, ib. 
Hohenlo, Count, gone to Hamburg, 

i- 354 
Holland, to arm forth shipping, i. 

2'3 
•Holstok, William, i. 68, 80^ 311 ; 

ii. 176. 257, 26s 
Holy Office, the. See Inquisition 
Hope = feel confident, ii. 99 
Hope, near Sal combe, Spanish 

shipwrecked at, ii. 289-9r, 294 
Hope, the, i. 126; ii. 58; graved 

and tallowed, 1. 73 ; came m with 

a leak, 273 ; to be cleared and 

out and grounded, ii. 67 ; sent 

to Newhaven, 169; survey of. 



251 



'.335 



Hope Hawkyns, the, burnt at 

Calais, ii. 287. 337 
Horsemen, show of, ii. 166 
Hortop, Job. doubtful credibility 



of, i 



pp. J 



Hovenden, Richard, ii. 27^ 
•Howard, Charles, Lord, hisfamily, 
i. pp. Ixx-lxxiii ; nearly related 
to the Queen, Ixxi, Ixxii ; his 
nepotism, Ixxiii ; bis writing, 
Ixxx ; his spelling, Ixxxi ; takes 
command of the fleet, i. 4 ; his 
mission as Lord Admiral, 
inspects Oover and Haiwicb, 



404 



THE SPANISH ARMADA 



33 ; his report on Harwich, 4$ ; 
goes at his own expense, 47-8 ; 
his Trinity, 49 ; his visit to Flush- 
iJ^gi 96; dines with Sir W. 
Russell, 98 ; with the citizens of 
Campvere, 99 ; sups with those 
of Amemuiden, ib, ; detains a 
flyboat of Calais, 102 ; joins 
Drake at Plymouth, 179 ; is 
ordered not to go on the coast 
of Spain, 192 ; complains of 
want of victu£ds, 198 ; will catch 
fish, ib, ; thinks it would have 
been better to go on the coast 
of Spain, 200, 203-4 ; danger of 
lying off and on, 204 ; hopes 
his wife may have his boy, 
212 ; and the keeping of Hamp- 
ton Court or Oatlands, ib, ; the 
Queen should have care for her 
person, 217 ; the negotiations 
cannot have a good end, 219; 
urges the necessity of sending 
victuals, 220 ; implores the 
Queen to awake, and see the 
villainous treasons round about 
her, 22$ ; to trust no more to 
Judas kisses, 227 ; lies in mid 
channel, 247 ; sent to the Groyne 
for intelligence, 247 ; has placed 
the men at six upon four, 252 ; 
takes measures to procure in- 
telligence, 2^6 ; durst have gone 
to Venice m the Hope, 274 ; 
doth not ground with his ship, 
275 ; otherwise occupied than 
with writing, 288 ; in fight with 
the enemy, 289 ; put to sea in 
haste, so that some of the ships 
did not complete their victual, 
294 ; all available reinforcements 
to be sent out, 299 ; two of the 
enemy's ships taken, ib, ; his 
wise and honourable carriage, 
332 ; * we pluck their feathers 
by little and little,' 341 ; stayed 
to capture the galleass, ii. 2, 10 ; 
'set on a brag countenance,' 

54 ; his * Abstract of Accidents,' 

55 ; a strong force ought to be 
maintained, ^9 ; ' sure bind, 
sure find ; a kingdom is a great 



wager,' ib. ; forced to leave the 
pursuit, 69 ; is sent for to 
Court, 82 ; said to have been 
driven to eat beans, 95 ; returns 
from the Court, 139 ; finds a 
grievous infection in the ships, 
138, 140; consults as to the 
measures to stop it, 139-41 ; 
sends many flags to London, 
158 ».; officers and men must 
be paid, 165, 183 ; will open the 
Queen's purse, 183 ; will contri- 
bute himself, ib, ; is not the 
ablest man in the kingdom, ib, ; 
will be at the Court, 185 ; 
ordered extraordinary victual to 
be issued, 303 ; the charge 
ought to be afiowed, ib. ; will 
pay for the extra beer and 
wine, 304 ; his pay, 314 ; con- 
duct for retinue, 318 ; his * Re- 
lation of Proceedings' (i. 1-18) 
translated into Italian by Ubal- 
dino and dedicated to him, 
388. Letters to Burghley, i. 23, 
25, 45, 71, 78, 79, ^3, 87, 96, 102, 
137, 150, 159, 179, 186, 189 ; ii. 
96, 169, 171, 303 ; to Wal- 
syngham, i. 46, 48, 50, 56, 
65, 69, 103, 106, 133, 195, 199, 
202, 208, 219, 226, 24$, 256, 
271-2, 288, 340; ii. 53, 59, 
142-4, 158-9, 167, 183 ; to the 
Queen, i. 224 ; ii. 138 ; to the 
Council, i. 217, 228; ii. 139; to 
Sussex (?), i. 299 ; to Winches- 
ter, ii. 117. Mentioned, /^ofxfm 

Howard, Charles, ii. 340 

Howard, Sir Edward, his complaint 
about the victualling, i. p. lix 

Howard, John, the philanthropist, 
i. p. xvii 

♦Howard, Lord Thomas, boards 
the San Salvador, i. 9 ; is 
knighted, 14; a most gallant 
gentleman, 210 n,\ great sick- 
ness on board his ship, ii. 140; 
going to the Court, 185 ; his 
diet, 317, 322 ; conduct for 
retinue, 318. Mentioned, i. pp. 
xxxiv, Ixxii, 16, 24 ; ii. 6, li, 84 

Howe, Mr., i. 193 



Hoys, proposal to subsEiluCe them 
for ships, i. 127-9; suitable for 
ihe defence of the river, 207, 286 

fjunsdon, Lord, i. pp. Ixxii, Ixxiii, 
69 «.; his sickness, il i6r, 165, 
175 ; hath regained his feet, 184. 
Letter to, from hia son, ii. [37 

Hunter, a Scottish gentleman, 1. 
107 

Huntingdon, Earl of, ii. 141, 146 

Hurleston, Thomas, i. S6 

Hussey, Dr., i. 172 

*Huygens, Christian, il 72 b., 74 

lmportable = unbearable, ii. 178 
I ncommend = recommend, i. 175 
Infection, on board the Eliiabeth 

J oaas from the beginning, ii. 96 ; 

measures to cleanse her of it, ii.; 

unavailing, 16. ; in many ships, 

and very dangerous, 138, 140 
Inferriniisreponing, ii. 114 
Inquisition, the ; charges against, i. 

p. xvi ; exaggerations of, id. ; 

strong feeling aroused by, xxiii ; 

Cel/s sufferings in, i, 265-6 ; ii. 

343 ; rtunour ihai the King of 

Spain would establish it in Eng- 

Invasion, how it might be done, ii. 

31a 
Ipswich, the bailiffs of, letters to 

WalsyDgham, i. 145, 160 
Ireland, Spanish ships on the coast 

of, ii. 218, 238-40, 286, 295 



Jacks, to be upon their, i. 196 

Jackson, Richard, ii. 323 

James VI., King of Scotland, his 
claim to the throne of England, 
i. p. Kxvii J one of Howard's 
Tnnity, i. 491 the Spaniards will 
force turn to leave his country, 

Jeffrey, Martin, ii. 339 
Jenkins, David, i. 135 
Jenkinson, Anthony, ii. 319 
Jennens, John, ii. 211 
John of Barnstaple, the, ii, 338 
John of Gaunt, the ancestor of the 
King of Spain, i. p. xxvii 



A A 405 

Jones, John, Mayor of Lyme, I. 

259, 304 
Jones, Morris, ii. Ill 
Jones, Nicholas, ii, 196-7 
Juan Bautista, the galleon San, 11. 

360 
Justinus of Nassau, Count, i. ajjn.; 

coming out with thirty ships, ii. 4 ; 

his letter to Prince Maunce, 34 ; 

joined off Dunkirk by fourteen 

of the Queen's ships, ik; warned 

by Seymour, 37 ; otif Dunkirk, 49 ; 

dines with Seymour, 123; very 

wise, subtle and cunning, 124. 

Letter to Walsyngbam, ii. 125 



Keble, Robert, i, I2I 

King's Lynn, memorial from the 
Mayor and Aldermen of, i. 144 ; 
they ask that the towns which 
belong to the port may bear part 
of the charge, ii, 

Kingston -upon -Hull, letters from 
the Mayor and Aldermen of, i. 
135, 161 ; all the mariners have 
been pressed, 13s ; all the best 
ships are abroad, 136 ; the Privy 
Council is displeased by their 
letter, 161 ; their ships have re- 
turned and will be fitted out at 
once, 162 

■*Knollys, Sir Francis, i. 317 

Knyvet, Thomas (according to 
Monson, 327, this was the future 
Lord Knyvet of Escrick, It is not 
improbable ; but Monson's testi- 
mony on such a point is by no 
means conclusive), il 36 n., 124, 
126, 128, 130, 146, 168, 179, 184 

*Kyl!ygrew, Henry, i. ^, 313 ; 
advertisements from, ii. 83. 
Letters to Walsyngbam, i. 351 ; 



Lancaster,Jaines, i. pp. xxxiv, idviii 
Land's End, the, i. 330.; u.42-}n. 
Lane, Thomas, il 319 
Lanterns, cost of, ii. 311 
Lee, Gilbert, his inielligence, ii. 
341-2 



4o6 



THE SPANISH ARMADA 



Lee, Richard, a volunieer with 
Seymour, L 310 

Leese^lose, ii. 8 

Leicester, Earl of, L 56, IJi, 180, 
304 ; iL 334 ; is cook, cater and 
hunt, i. 30s ; commends the spirit 
of the soldiers, 30s, 31B ; com- 
plains of Norr«ys and Williams, 
306-9 ; insists on the respect due 
to his place, 307 ; was at Dover 
on July 29, 356 ; sends advertise- 
ments, ii. 35 ; the Queen dining 
with, 82 ; powder sent to, 89 ; 
his death, 234 t; an adventurer 
in Fenton'a voyage, 336. Letters 
to Walsyngham, i. 298, 305, 318, 
32i;ii. 3S 

Leicester, the galleon, i. 11, 380; 
nole on, ii. 336 

Leighton, Sir Thomas, i, 181 

Lepanto,thebattleof, i. p. Ixv; ii. 60 

Leveson, Sir Richard, 1. 78 n., 99 ; 
". 33S 

Leveson, Sir Waller, ordered to 
make compensation to a Dane, i. 
78 

Leyva, D. Alonso de, i. 177 ; ii. 33, 
3O0> 358, 360, 366- 368, 387 

Licomio, John de, deposition of, ii. 

Lieutenants, a necessity of the 

service, ii. 164 ; pay of, 231 
Lion, the Golden, 1. 10, n, 13; ii. 

322 ; is very sickly, ii. 140 ; 

wants of, 249 ; survey of, 252 ; 

defects of, 397 ; note on, 333 
Lonck van Rooiendaal, Comelis, i. 

230 ». 
Low Countries, the English dread 

of a hostile occupation of, i. p. 

Lucar, Cyprian, Tht Art of Shoot- 
ing, a. 351 

Luton, D. Alonso de, ii. 359-60, 
366 ; his examination, ii. 371 

Lyme Regis, letters from the 
Mayor of, i. 13S, 259 ; their 
larger ships are absent, i. 139 ; 
their merchants have sulTered 
great losses, 140 ; Darell to 
victual their ships, 3^3 ; Av 
Diinsier and Chard ought to 



assist, z;^ ; as to the payment of 

the levy, li. 33a 
Lyon Quay, i. 57 
Lytarde, Lewis, ii. 313 

Machine-ships, ii. 365 

Maddocke, William, ii. 311 

Maeda, Luis de, ii. 360 

Maldonado, D. Juan, ii. 360 

Malines, Gerald, L 174 

Mammer ^ hesitate, shilly-shally 
(Cf Othello, ni.iii.71), i. 59 

Mandillion - a mantle, ii. 3 10 

Manrique, Jorge, ii. 364 

•ManseJl, Sir Robert, ii. 339 

Manwayring, Sir Henry, ii. 335 

Marchant, John, ii. 340 

Margaret and John, the, warmly 
engaged on July 23, i. 10 ; at the 
capture of the San Lorenzo, 346 ; 
her share in the capture of the 
Rosario, ii. 104-8 ; note on, 337 

Marques, Francisco, ii. 77 

Mary, Queen of England, ii. 31 1 

Mary, Queen of Scots, effect of her 
death on Spanish policy, i. p. 
xxvi ; referred to, i. 197 "■ 

Mary of Hamburg, the, stayed at 
Plymouth, i. 189 

Mary Rose, the, i. 10, 11, 14, 16-7, 
79 n.; ii. 64 : survey of, ii. 3J2 ; 
streamers for, 321 ; painting, 323 ; 
note on, 335 

Master, the, an officer of high 
standing, i. p. Ixx ; his pay, ib. 

Masters attendant, principal mas- 
ters of the Queen's ships, ii. 137 
"■. '95. Ml, 339 

Masts, a cargo of, 1. 134 ; of 'oak 
and clampered together,' ii. 398 

Mated ^ confounded, ii. 123 

Maurice, Prince, at Middelburg, i, 
83 ; his ill-feeling towards the 
English, 84 n. ; Howard writes 
to him, 98 ; he goes to Litio, ib. ; 
and thence to Holland, 99 ; bis 
departure from Middelburg, toi, 
lo; ; writes to Howard, 99, 105 ; 
is led by Villiers and Famars, 
313. Letter to Walsyngham, \u 
70. Mentioned, 1. 352, 354 

Maxwell, Loid, imprisoned, i. 23211. 



INDEX 



API 



Mayflower of London, ihe, i. 1 1 
Mayflower of Lynn, ihe, i. 145 

Meath, Bishop of, ii. 281, 383 
McrierniK, a sort of canvas, ii. 300 

»., 249. 297 
Medina-Sidonia, Duke of, takes 
command of ihe armada, i. p- 
xxk ; his character, ib,, xxxviii ; 
his instructions, xxxv; his move- 
ments off Ply mouth, xxxvii, 
xxxviii ; was warned against the 
English artillery, I ; sent a mes- 
sage to Parma, 34; ; shall wish 
himself at St, Mary Port among 
his orange trees, 364 ; his pro- 
clamation, ii. 19; to be under 
Parma, ib. ; sends a message to 
Parma, 29 ; has agreed with 
Parma to return, 83 ; jealous of 
Parma, 99 ; sajd to be returning, 
147 ; ' like to have unquiet rest," 
i^.; his directions for the armada's 
return to Spain, 340 ; his Relation, 
354-70 : his return to Spain, 
383. Mentioned, i, 7. n, 109, 
"77,301. 341, 34Siii- '48, 198-9. 
29*. 341 
Meek, Thomas, ii. 340 
Mcldrum, Thomas, ii. 288, 338 
Men, the reduced numbers, i. 37-33; 
■be full numbers to be raised, 
61-3 ; should be paid six weeks 
wages, 71 ; the gallantest com- 
pany of^ igo; at six upon four, 
351 i never nobler minds, 273 ; 
demand their pay, 383 ; as many 
as could be used, 333 ; sick, to 
be discharged, ii. 85 ; said to 
have drunk their own water, 95 ; 
^reai sickness among, 96 ; die 



I the i 



, ib. i ii 



clothes, 97 ; and money, ib. ; full 
numbers, 164 ; impeifect men, 
ib.\ being paid oil, 177; sick, 
are discharged, 179 ; better men 
are to be got by higher wages, 
3Sa 

Mcndoia, D. Bernardino de, his 
false advertisement, ii. 60 n. ; 
Cofiie of a Lttter to, 391 

Merchant Royal, the, i. lo ; note 
on, li. 336^7 



Merlin, the, survey of, ii. 353 
Merrick, Sir Giliy, ii. 336 
Merriman, Captain, letter to Fytc- 

wylliam, ii. 286 
Messendewe - Maisoo Dieu at 

Dover, ii. 160. Cf. Jameson's 

Sioitisk Dictionary 
Mexfa, D. Augustin, ii. 361 
* Mich ell. Captain Mathew, hit 

opinion of scurvy, i. p. Uiii 
Middelbui^, i. 71, 83, 84, 312 ; Ihe 

burgomaster mvitea Howard to 

dinner, 99 
Middicton, Thomas, ii. 1 18, 338 
Minion, the, note on, 337 
Minion of Bristol, the, 338 
Mockado^ woollen velvet, ii. 319 
Moncada, D. Hugo de, slam i. 

342, 347 ; ii. 58 
*Monck, George, referred to, ii. 

33S 
Monson, Sir William, ii. 33$ ; his 

Naval Tracts referred Xo^frtq. 
Morant, Rev. P., his narrative 

mentioned, ii. 391 
Morgan, Captain, Howard's man, 

i. so ; a tall gentleman, ib. \ is 

extreme sick, ib. \ commands the 

soldiers in the Bear, ib. 
Morgan, Sir Thomas, to bring over 

the thousand shot, i. 354 ; brings 

over 800 shot, ii. 65, 82, 90, 93, 

121 ; his letter to Leicester ( his 

advertisements mere gossip, 83 

»». ; to be sent back, 167, 181 
Morris, Fytzwylliam's man, ii. 286 
Morrys, Ralph, of Ipswich, refuses 

to pay the rate, 1. 161 
Mortality in the fleet, i. 258, 26^ ; ii. 

2I2J in the Elizabeth Jonas, ii. 96 
Motley, his History of t/u Umled 

NetkerliiKds referred to, i. p. 

Ixxviii, II, 49 ; ii. 173. "99 
MounCagu, Lord ; his brother slain, 

ii. 30 
Mousehole, a small cove on the 

west side of Mount's Bay, a few 

miles to the south of Ncwiyn, i. 

321 

Muelenpeert, Frantz, a prisoner, 

ii. 77 
Musgiave, Captain, a very sufii- 



4o8 



THE SPANISH ARMADA 



cient man, iu io8 ; the brothers, 

deserve thanks, i. 233 
Musketeers. See Shot 
Mutinies of Dutch towns, ii. 33, 72. 

See Gertruidenberg 



Names, the spelling of^ i. p. Ixxxii 

Napper, Giles, his declaration, i. 
181 ; rows in the Spanish galleys, 
ib. 

Narrow Seas, the, to be well guard- 
ed, i. 211, 219. See Frobiser, 
Sir Martin ; Palmer, Sir Henry ; 
Seymour, Lord Henry 

Nash, William, joint memorial o^ 
ii. 105 

Navarre, the King of, i. 9$ ; ii. 281 ; 
reported poisoning of, 106 ; good 
success of, 282 ; hath small 
means, 313 

Navy, the survey of, ii. 250-4 

Navy Board, the, abolished, i. Son. 

Nelson, referred to, i. 148 »., 364 n, 

Nevenson, Mr., ii. 93 

Newhaven men will defend the 
Santa Ana, ii. 169 ; have taken 
a hoy of Gray's, 171 ; are at the 
devotion of the Queen's enemy, 
172. See Santa Ana 

Newport, Isle of Wight, a poor 
market, i. 132 

Newton, Margaret, wife of John 
Bodenham, 1. 229 n, 

Newton, Mary, wife of Sir Francis 
Drake, i. 229 n, 

Newton, William, Howard's man, 
i. 66 /I. 

Nile, the battle of the, referred to, 
i. p. Hi 

Nonpareil, the, i. 10, 14, 16, 126 ; 
graved and tallowed, 73 ; on the 
coast of Brittany, 279-81 ; survey 
of, ii. 252 ; note on, 335 

Nonsuch, the, ii. 335 

Norreys, Sir Edward, brings news 
of the return of the armada, ii. 
139, 142, 144, 163, 173 ; a dif- 
ferent version of his news, 1 50 

"^Norreys, Sir John, i. 306 «., 321 ; 
ii. 164 ; his expedition to Lisbon, 
i. p. Ixxvi ; marshal of the foot- 



men at Tilbury, 306 ; Leicester's 

complaint against, 306-9 ; at 

Dover, 310 
North, Sir Henry, ii. 144 
Northumberland, Earl of, said to 

have served as a volunteer, i. pp. 

Ixxvi, Ixxvii 
Norton, Robert, his Pnutice of 

Artillery^ ii. 351 



Occupied » made use 0% ii. 144 ^ 

O'Donerty, ii. -272-3 

CyDonnell, ii. 270, 273-5 

Officers, Burghle/s list of, i. 27-8 ; 
Fenner's list of, 11 8-9; list of, 
with Seymour, ii. 5 ; list of, in 
fleet, 324-31 ; notes on, 338-42 

Ojeda, Captain, ii. 357, 359 

Olderne, a money of account ( ?), i. 
183 «. 

Olyckers, William, a prisoner, ii. 'J^ 

Oquendo, Miguel de, General of 
the squadron of Guipuzcoa, ii. 
276, 357-9 ; liis death, 385 

Orange, the Princess of^ i. 100 xr., 

313 «. 
Ordnance, Books relating to, ii. 

351. See Guns 

Orford, to furnish a ship, i. 153 ; 
petition from, 154 

♦Oseley, Nicholas, a spy for the 
Government, i. 301 n, ; his letter 
to Walsyngham, 301 ; a volun- 
teer on board the Revenge, ib, ; 
ii. 62 

Oxenham, John, his death, L p. 
xvi 

Oxford, Countess of, her death, i. 
198 n, 

Oxford, Earl of, said to be a volun- 
teer in the fleet, i. pp. Ixxvi, 
Ixxvii 



♦Palavicino, Sir Horatio, Burghley 
confers with, i. 285 ; letter to 
Walsyngham, 304 n. ; is going to 
join the Admiral, ib. ; his pro- 
posal to Parma, ii. 198-9 «. ; his 
Relation, 203-9 ; confused with 
Donago, 262 



Palmer, Sir Henry, i. 35 n., 84, 85, 
101, 216, 334; ii. n, no, 185 : 

commands a squadron off FIusU- 



'"E. 



8-9, 49; convoys the 



I 



■s for the treatj' 
83 ; goes to Dover for the fire- 
ships, 364-5 ; ii. 8 ; joint letter 
to the Council, ii. 44 ; in council 
with Howard, 139 ; to command 
a squadron In the Narrow Seas, 
ii. i6i, iCfi, 173-4; rate of pay, 
315 
Paredes, Cotinl of, i, 177 «. ; 11. 3S7 
I'arma, the Duke of, nephew of the 
King of Spain, Governor- Gen era) 
in the Low Countries, is to form 
an army of invasion, i. p. xxvi ; 
will seek to land at sheppey, 
Harwich or Yarmomh, i. 213 ; 
cannot put to sea, J14 ; has not 
sufficient shipping, 231 ; his 
pride abated, 341 ; is watched 
by Seymour, 346 ; proposal to 
send a messenger to, from (he 
Queen, 168 ; may show his 
courage, 309 ; expected to come 
out, 331-3 ; shall not shake 
hands with Medina.-Sidania, 341 ; 
great lack imputed to him, 343 ; 
sends message to the armada, 
345 ; ii. 29 ; to be watched, i. 
364 ; was to command the ex- 
pedition, ii. 19, 37 ; to be King 
of England, 30 ; will have 
revenge on the Dutch, 31 ; 
accused of having betrayed the 
cause, 32 ; blocked in byjustinus, 
49 ; is in a great chafe, J3 ; will 
turn his power against Holland, 
74 ; is determined to come out, 
83 ; can do nothing unless the 
armada return, 91 ; is as a bear 
robbed of her whelps, 99 ; haled 
by theSpaniards, id., 1 50; has dis- 
embarked his soldiers, 123 ; has 
seventy or eighty fiat-bottomed 
boats at Sluys, 16. ; is expected 
to lay siege to Ostend, ii. ; his 
speech, 1 27 ; said to be preparing 
to embark, 147 ; his ships are 
small, ii. ; ought to be regarded, 
148 i said to have retired into Bra- 



AA 409 

bant, I so ; may be entreated to 
make a division of the Low Coun- 
tries with the Queen, 19S ; may 
attempt some unlooked-for enter- 
prise, 199 : his further prepara- 
tions, 310. Mentioned, i. 3, 3, 15, 
47. 57, 82, 103. '07. '24, 178, 
ao6-7, 223, 33S, 343. 3S6| 359. 
361 111.4,40,60, 100, ri4-6, I30, 
133, 317, 331,354,358-9,362-4, 
369 

Pastrana, the Duke of, ii. 174 

Pay, irregularity of, i, p. Ixvii ; not 
exceptional, 16. ; prompt pay- 
ment, a modem thing, 16. ; the 
men demand their, Ixviii ; ii. 
J41, 163 ; system of, in the 
sixteenth century, i. Ixviii ; rates 
of, ii. 314-7; proposed increase 
of, 352 

Penelope, the, lost off Cape Corn- 
enies, i. 17 «., ii. 337 

Pent, the, i. 82 «. 

Penafiel, Marquis of, ii. 30, 360, 
365 

Pereda, Melchor de, a prisoner, 
"■ "53 

•Perrot, Sir John, sends intelli- 
gence, ii. 131 

Peruse = examine, i. 305 

•Peryam, John, Mayor of Exeter, 
i. 260; ii. 277 

*PetEr, Richard, i. 261 ; ii. 1 1 1, 305 

*Pett. Peter, notice of, i. 38 n. ; his 
report on Hawkyns, 38-44 ; plans 
a boom at Tilbury, 39S--9, 321 ; 
signs report of survey, il. 354 

Peyton, Mr. Auditor, ii. 285 

Philip n.. King of Spain, his 
grievances against England, i. p. 
XV ; foments rebellion in Ireland, 
16. ; determines to invade Eng- 
land, XXV ; disapproves of Santa 
Cruz' plan, xxvi ; his descent 
from John of Gaunt, xxvii ; 
diflferent estimates of, xxix ; 
sensible of the difficulty of the 
task, xxxi ; one of Howard's 
Trinity, 48 ; will have all things 
perfect, 303 ; hath engaged his 
nonour, 309 ; effect of his hot 
crowns in coid c " 



410 



THE SPANISH ARMADA 



wili not attempt more this year, 
igg.will bave no success against 
England, 310 ; possible dinger 
from, 312 ; alluded ta,Jreq. 

Philips, Miles, his story, i. pp. xix, 
XX ; needs coniinnation, ib. 

Phicnix of Dartmouth, the, ti. 3oo 

Pilchards for S[iain, stayed, 11. 292 

Pilling knaves, ii. 130 

Pimeniel, D. Diego de, captured 
in the San Mateo, ii. 30, 50, (8, 
70; his examination, 75; is in 
the thickest of the light, 356, 
366-7 ; refuses to leave his 

Pine, John, his engravings of the 
tapestry hangings of the House 
of Lords, ii. 391 ; referred to, 
i. p. liv ; li. 207, 356 

Pirates, mi^ht be summarily slain, 
i. p. xvii ; losses by, 130; if 
men have not justice, they will 
be, ii. 172-3 

»Pitt, Richard, Mayor of Wey- 
mouth, i. 153,303; ii- '6 

Piatt, Captain, ii. 104 

Poiwhele, Caplain, i. 171-3 

Poole, petition of Mayor and 
Alderman of, i. 129; decayed 
state of the town, 130 

•Popham, Sir John ; letter to Wal- 
syngham, i. 191 n. ; to Iturghley, 

Porter, John, Mayor of Saltash, 

L z6o 
Posa de Santiso, Juan, Captain of 

the San Felipe, ii. 367 
Potts, Anthony, petition of^ ii. 254 
•Poulet, Sir Amyas, i. 49 «., 317, 

334 
Pouhcr, Richard, li. 241, 24G, 339 
Powder, alleged short supply of, 
i. Uiv ; no available reserve, id. ; 
unprecedented expenditure of, 
Ixv ; insufficient supply of, 125-6 ; 
more wanted, 289 ; requisition 
for, 303 ; from the Spanish prize, 
338; want oU ii- n. '3 i 'ha' 
sent from Dover did not reach 
the Admiral, 85 
Powell, Captain of soldiers, ii. 66 
Pieachets, wages of, ii. 231, 317 



Prest, imprest, money paid on 
account or as an earnest, 89 n., 
snA/reg. 

Preston, Amyas, t. i; ft. i ii. 57-8 

Pretended » iniended, i. 229 m. 

Prideaux, Captain, ii. 340 

Primrose of Poole, the, i. 1 39 

Prince Royal, the, ii. 33s 

Prisoners, articles for examination 
of, ii. 17, 24-5,169-71 ; examina- 
tions of, ii. 18, 22, 27, 50, 75, 
215-28, 271; under sure guard, 
70 ; maintenance of, 170-86, 188. 

264, 276-7 ; should have been 
maJde water spaniels, 1S6 ; plun- 
dered by Cely, 209 ; ransom of, 
215-7 ; many of them poor men, 
ib. \ put to the sword, 259 ; made 
to work in Gilberte's garden, 
264 ; names of, from the San 
Pedro, 295-6 : names of, killed 
in Ireland, 301-2 

Proclamation, for the maintenance 
of discipline, issued by Howard, 
i. 36 ; no proclamation of war by 
Spain, ii. 17, 19 

Puntales, the Castle o^ i. 182 

Pyckc, Edward, ii. 338 

Quarles, lames, his conditions, i. 
52-4 ; his book, J34 ; instructs 
Darell, 143 i report by, ii. no; 
to be sent to the fleet, 141 ; vic- 
tualling accounts, 236 ; order to 

265. Mentioned, i. 112-3, i'7 
141, 187,244, 261, 184, 39S; ii. 
87, 91-1, 122, r7S. 177 

Quarre Its ^ panes of glass; also 
the frames for the panes, ii. 331 

Radclyir, Anthony ; letter to Wal- 

syngham, ii. 170 
Rainbow, the, her armament, i. pp. 
xlv, xlvi ; gone to Dover with 
the Lord Admiral, 33 ; new sails 
for. III i Seymour moves into, 
179 ; the Admiral may find the 
lack of, ii. 4 ; her part at Grave- 
lines, ii. ; her lieutenant, 4-5 : 
her master, a most valiant and 
sufficient man, 127 ; is a suituner 



i 



^^Ip 411 f 


■hip, ia8: not fit for winter 


Rich, Robert, Lord, aAerwards 


service, ib. ; wants of, 249 ; note 


Earl of Warwick ; a man much 


on, 333 


respected and loved, i. 308 ; 


Ralegh, Carcw, wants guns for 


except by his wife, ib. n. 


Portland, i. 329 


Richard, the, ii. 338 


♦Ralegh, Sir Walter, his defence of 


Roberts, John, ii. 194. 197 


Howard's tactics, i. p. Ixvi, 355 


Roberts, John, his Complelt Can- 


If. ; said to have served in the 


nanier, ii. 35 1 


fleet, Ixxvi ; which seems impro- 


Roebuck, the, helped to capture 


bable, Ixxvii. Mentioned, i. 85, 


the Rosario, i. 9 ; look the Ro- 


257, 326 «., 343 ; ii. 201 «., 332, 


sario to Torbay, 326 ; a fine ship. 


337 


343 ; powder sent by, ii. 88 ; has 


Rammekens, the, design to bum 


not come to the fleet, 141-3, 


the squadron before, i. 45 


186-7; charges for, 200; had 


Ransom, question of, ii. 11S-7, 


guns from the Rosario, 263, 2S9 ; 


371-2 ; of D. Pedro de Valdes, 


note on, 337 


384 


Roger, Wynler's man, 1. 333 


Rat, the, n. 342 


Room, romcr = to leeward, 7 n. and 


Rata, la = the French la Forte; 


p^sim 


note on, ii. 385 


Rosa, the N. S. de la, note on 


Rawlyn. Henry, i. 339 


ii. 365 


Raymond, George, i. 16 n. ; li. 194, 


Rosario, the N. S. del, brought 


197- 338 


into Torbay, i. 326 ; an inventory 


Recalde, Juan Martinez de. Ad- 


is to be made, 327 ; the men 


miral of the fleet, commander of 


sent on shore, 328 ; the powder 


H^ the Biscay Squadron, 1. 7. IS »-. 


to be sent 10 the Admiral, 338 ; 


B 301 : ii. 23, 219, 361, 366, 368 ; 


taken by Drake, 358 ; dismasted 


^H bis ship beaten and spoiled, ii. 


and captured, li. 56, i34-« ; 


■ 134, 356, 35S. 360; his death. 


prisoners from, iS, 22 ; dispute 


■ 3B3 


as to the capture of, tot-8 ; 


■ Redbird, sends intelligence firom 


treasure on board of, 168 ; in- 


H St. Sebastian, i. 292 


V en lory of guns and stores, 


V Regaiona, the, note on, ii. 385 


190-2 ; charges for, 192-4 ; 


■ Reparted •= divided, ii. 105 


has been shamefully plundered, 
278-9 ; some of her guns 


R^risals, cause loss, i, 94 ; Sir 
George Carey has not gained by. 


in the Roebuck, 289; note 


182 ; Lyme has received no 


on, 384 


benefit from, Mp ; nor Ipswich, 


Roscoff, ships of, i. 165, 282-3, 387 


^^ 147; nor Weymouth, 152; South- 


Rose of Exeier, the, i. 143 


^1 amplon much impoveri^ed by, 


Russell, Sir William, L 45 n., 104, 


■ 157 


254-5, 337, 351-1 ; ''■ 4, =9, 






H Revenge, the, i. 9, 16, 33, ia6, 30i : 


his officers, i. 97 ; to send over 


■ '■■ 339, 374; wants of. 349; 


powder, i. 3S7 ; ii. 83 


H survey of, 252 ; note on, 333-4 


Russia, trade with, i. 188 


^H Revenge of Lyme, the, 1. 139 


Ryall of Weymouth, the, has ren- 


■ Rcwalled- fallen over, ij. 174 


dered good service, ii. 117: 


H Rewards, system of, L pp. btiit, Iw, 


order for her payment, ib. ; her 


■ 


charges, 1 1 S 


H Reynolds, Captain, ii. 335 


Rye Camber, ii, 94 


■ Rich, Penelope, Lady, i. 308 "., 


Rymenam, batde of, i. p, ux) ii. 


■ 


346 ft 



412 



THE SPANISH ARMADA 



Sachfield, John, ii. 338, 341 
Sackvile, Captain, ii. 335 
St Aldegonde, M. de, i. 313 
St Leger, Mrs., i. 172 
"i^Salman, Robert, Master of the 
Trinity House, L 324 n, ; letter 
to Burghley, ib, ; proposes to fit 
out thirty sail, 325 
Salto, D. Betran del, ii. 272, 291 
Saltonstall, Richard, i. 285; ii. 84 
Samaritan, the, ii. 187, 203, 263 
Sampson, John, ii. 169, 182, 184, 

339 
Sampson, the, iL 338 

San Felipe, loss of^ ii. 30, 384 ; 

beaten and disabled, 367 

San Juan, the, iL 383-4 

San Juan of Diego Flores, the, ii. 

356 «., 359, 361, 366, 368 
San Juan de Sicilia, fouls the San 
Lorenzo and breaks her rudder, 
ii. 57 ; in the thickest of the fight, 
359, 361, 365-^ ; note on, 385 
San Lorenzo, the, driven on shore 
at Calais and captured, i. 15, 
340-3, 346-9 ; ii. 2, 9 ; breaks 
her rudder, ii. 57, 64 ; is * utterly 
rewalted and sunk in the sand,' 

174 
San Marcos, the, ii. 30 »., 359-60, 

368, 384 

San Mateo, the, capture o^ ii. 30, 
384 ; in the thickest of the fight, 
358-9, 366-7 ; disabled and sink- 
ing, 367 

San Pedro Mayor, wrecked near 
Salcombe, ii. 290, 371, 386 ; the 
hospital ship, 290 ; names of the 
prisoners, 295 ; their treatment, 

371-5 
San Salvador, the, damaged by an 

explosion, i. 8, 301, 359 ; ii. 56, 
357-8 ; horrible state of when 
tien, i. 9 ; brought to Wey- 
mouth, i. 9, 334 ; an inventory to 
be taken, 334 ; ii. 86 ; great 
stealing on board, 153; the in- 
ventory, 1 54-8 ; lost at Studland, 
296 ; note on, 385 
Sandwich, battle of, L p. lii ; beer 
of, is sour, ii. 159; store of vic- 
tuals at, 175 ; petition from, 255 



Santa Ana, the, beaten out of the 
fleet and wrecked at Havre, ii. 
360-1, 384 ; ships to go to her, 
170, 177, 179, 182, 195-6 

Santa Ana of Oquendo, note on 
the, ii. 385 

Santa Ana, the Duquesa, note on, ii. 

38s 

Santa Cruz, Marquis of^ defeats 
Strozzi at Terceira, i. p. xxiv ; 
gives in his plan for the mvasion 
of England, xxv ; which is not 
approved, xxvi ; his death, xxviii, 
101 ; referred to, ii. 276, 382 

Save » to shake casks, i. 241 ^ 

Scales Cliffs, the fleets anchored 
near, i. 336/1. ; ii. i, 7 

Scantyings, i. 219 

Scattered ^ separated, i. 359 ! ii* 

35 
Schenk, Sir Martin, i. 352 if. 

Sconces, suggested for the defence 
of the river, i. 207 ; ii. 310 

Scotland, King of. See James 
VL 

♦Scott, Sir Thomas, ii. 113, 120. 
Letter to Leicester, ii. 93 

Scout, the, ii. 211 ; survey of, 254 ; 
note on, 336 

Sea-gate ^ swell, ii. 41 n. 

Secretaries, pay o^ ii. 231, 317 

Seize = recover, ii. 41 n, 

Serrano, Antonio, ii. 364 

Sewed « dried, i. i6/>. 

Sewell, James, ii. 338 

Seymour, Sir Edward, ii. 189 ». 

Seymour, Edward, Earl of Hert- 
ford, eldest son of the Duke of 
Somerset by his second marriage, 
i. p. Ixxii. Cf, ii. 189/r. 

♦Seymour, Lord Henry, a near con- 
nexion of Howard's, L p. Ixxii ; 
Admiral in the Narrow Seas, i. 4, 
14, 16, 17, 24, 211, 261,296-8, 
337 ; ii. 12, 87-91, iio-i, 121-2, 
160, 256 ; has a bad cold, i. 70 ; 
in command of the £. Bonaven- 
ture, 96, 104 ; his honourable 
mind, 95 ; moves into the Rain- 
bow, I79«. ; advises hoys for the 
defence of the river, 207 ; his 
force should be strengthened, 



311 ; stays two Duokirk ships, 
331 ; descried thirty sail, 223 ; 
victuals sent to, 235 ; watches 
Parma, 246 ; stays two RoscofT 
ships, 282 ; munition, men, and 
powder no[ come, 310 ; choicest 
'shot' to be sent lo, 317 ; goes 
to join the Admiral, 321 ; lying 
off Dunkirk is dangerous, 330- 1 
goes off Scales CUffs, 336 ; i 
short of victuals, 340 ; his charge 
at Gravelines, ii. i ; has returned 
to the Narrow Seas, 2, 4, 43 ; the 
Queen's ' fisherman," 3 ; thinks 
Howard is Jealous of him, 3 ; 
sends intelligence, 113; enter- 
tains Count Justin, 123 ; com- 
mends Walsyngham's zeal and 
abihty, 126 ; will be * kin to the 
bear' before be comes abroad 
again, 127 ; wishes to go home, 
1281 is a man not 'suitable' 
with his colleagues, t'i. ; in coun- 
cil with Howard, 139 ; never 
loved to be penned inroads, 145 ; 
regrets that there are Actions in 
the fleet, 146 ; questions the 
authority of Drake and Hawkyns, 
ii. ; to be at the Court, 185 ; 
suggests that the Queen and 
I'arma might divide the Low 
Countries between them, 198 ; 
his pay, 3i4-!i : conduct money 
for retinue, 318. Letters to Wal- 
syngham, i. 104, 173, 1S4, zo6, 
2ZJ, S31, 233, 353, 28s. 309 : ii. 
14, 36, 52, 108, M2-3, [14,118. 
123, 126, 128, 145, 198 ; lo the 
Council, i. 300, 330 ; ii. 44, 120 ; 
to Burghley, i. 177 ; to the Queen, 
ii. I ; to Howard, ii. 129 ; (?) to 
Prince Maurice, ii. 11; 

Sheffield, Lady, i. 46 n., aim.; ii. 
139-30 

Sheffield, Edmund, Lord, knighted, 
i. 14 ; his valour, 16 ; commands 
a Queen's ship, 24 ; enquires into 
the religion of his barber, 65 ; is 
a. zealous protestant, 66 ; one of 
the Admiral's council, 3io; a 
most gallant gentleman, ii. : note j 
on, 2J I n. ; ai the council of war, | 



ii. 6 ; hears Frobiser's complaint, 
102-3 : his ship very sickly, 140 ; 
lo be at the Court, 185 ; his diet, 
317, 322; conduct for retinue, 
3'8 

Sheffield, Mr. Henr>-, examines the 
barber, i, 65-6 

Sherbrooke = Cherbourg, i, 120 

*Sheriffe, John, his note on ord- 
nance, ii. 350-1 

Ships, the Queen's, commended, i. 
79, 81, 201, 274; great number 
needed to transport an army, 313; 
French, will join the Spanish 
fleet. 237 ; the, have been sup- 
plied with fresh victuals in har- 
bour,344; chargesof the London, 
251 ; those to come in first that 
are most in need of victuals, 253 ; 
were victualling when the Ad- 
miral put to sea, 294 ; by sparing 
and mortality, they have a store 
of extra victuals, 295 ; the Queen s 
ships better sea-boats than the 
merchantmen, 331 ; thirty or 
forty Dutch to be expected, 337 ; 
the smaller, will be discharged, 
ii. 85 ; four good, might fallow 
the Spanish fleet, I'i. ; return of, 
90-1 ; are infectious and cor- 
rupted, 140 ; three gone to take 
the Spaniard at Newhaven, 145 ; 
survey on the Queen's ships, 341, 
250 ; burnt off Calais, 2S7 i notes 
on, 3J3-8 

Ships, the four great, ought to be 
abroad, i. 107 ; estimate for filling 
out, 1 14 ; charges for, 140-1 ; the 
reports against, are false and 
villainous, 201 ; are in most royal 
and perfect state, 274 ; their pay, 
376 ; alleged order to pay them 
off, ii, 173 n. 

Ships, list of, i. 37, 30, 62-4, 68-9, 
73 ; repaired by Hawkyns, 44 ; 
of eight which left Queen borough 
with the Lord Admiral, 75 ; that 
went west with the Admiral, 167 ; 
ii. 179; that remained in the 
Narrow Seas, i. 168; ii. 180; 
coast ships with Seymour, i. 185, 
255 ; Dutch ships, 230 ; of the 



414 



THE SPANISH ARMADA 



Wesl country, 260 ; ii. iSl ; with 
Gorges, i. 311, 315 : u. 269; of 
ten, with Bellinghair, i. 339 ; 
with Seymour on August i, ii. 5 ; 
with Seymour on August 6, 47 ; 
at Harwich with Hawkyns on 
August 8, 66 ; in the Narrow Seas 
with Palmer and Frobiser, i6i, 
I7S, 182, 185, 212; with Drake 
in the West, 180-1 ; at Chatham, 
III i of the Queen's whole army 
at the seas, 313-31 

Ships, the Spanish, were under- 
manned, i. p. xliii ; not lost by 
storm, Ivi ; but by reason of the 
damage they had received, ib. \ 
seen near SciUy, xxxiii, 5, 3o6, 
221,22;, 346, 257, 360; memo- 
randum of, s6 ; wearing English 
flags, 125 ; their sails crossed 
with a red cross, 221-2 ; have re- 
turned to Spain, 237 ; "not half 
of them men-of-war,' 390 ; 'won- 
derfully spoiled and beaten,' ii. 
38, 68 ; three sunk, 53 ; one sunk, 
jS ; two taken to Flushing, ib. \ 
'ships, masts, ropes, and sails 
much decayed by shot,' 61, 97 ; 
without anchors, 98 ; riding under 
Beechy, i6g ; one at Havre, ib. ; 
wrecked on the coast of Ireland, 
261-2, 299 ; list of ihe armada, 
376 ; notes on. 382 

Shore, Commarder, his Smuggling 
Days referred to, i. 165 n. 

Shot = advanced, i. 242 n. \ ii. 39 

Shot "musketeers or harquebusiers, 
a good number of the best, lo be 
sent to the fleet, i. 317 ; a thousand 
to be sent from the LowCountries, 
353-4 ; ii. 31. Sec Morgan, Sir 
Thomas 

Shrouded = sheltered, ii. 10 
ySickness^ very prevalent in the fleet, 
i. p. Ixiv, 258 ; grows wonderfully, 
ii. 96 ; very great, 1 38 ; numerical 
estimate of, 2121. 

Sidney, Sir Philip, his death, i. 

Sike-soas, i. 211 
Simons of Exeter, advertisement 
by, i. 212, 225 



Sleeve, the, i. s «., 205, 224, 245-6 j I 
a large room for men lo look | 
unto, 247 

Slingshy, Capt^n, ii. 335 

Sluys, importance of the battle of, I 
i. p. ix : flat-bottomed boats col- 
lected at, ii. 115 

Smerwick, the butchery at, i, p, 
Jtvi ; ii. 237 n. 

Sonoy, Colonel, i. 83 ». ; 99, loi, I 
105. 3 '4 I 

Sotomayor, Cregorio de, his deposi* I 

Sound, the, insecure anchorage, i. 
'9S 

South Cape = Cape St Vincent, L 
187 

Southampton, petition of the Mayor 
and Aldermen of, i. t;j; the 
town is much decayed, 1 56 ; un- 
able to pay the charge, 157 ; not 
one gentleman remaining in the 
town, ib. ; all the seamen have I 
been pressed, 1 58 

Southwell, Sir Robert, Howard's 
son-in-law, L pp. xxxiv, biwi ; 
commended, 17; captain of a 
Queen's ship, 24 ; his ship sickly, 
ii. 96 ; conduct money for re- 1 
tinue, 318 

Spain, the great power of, i. pp. 

Spain, King of. See Philip II. 

Spale = Seville, i. 240 

Spaniards, drowned, ii. 361 ; put | 
to the sword, ib. ; names " ' 
several, 274 

Spanish forces, the, were to land 
in the Thames, ii. 19; were to 
put all that resisted to the sword, 
ih. ; have lost many sick and 
slain, 68 : marvellously plucked, 
92 ; very sickly, 97 ; can get no 
suflicieni relief in Norway or the 
isles of Scotland, 98 ; on the 
coast of Ireland, 2tB ; thur men 
dying of hunger and thirst, 221 

Speedwell, the, ii. 336 

Spindelow, Henry, ii. 104 b. 

Spy, the, survey of, ii. 254 ; note 
on, 336 

Stade, trade with, i. 188, and^^;. 



INDEX 415 ^ 


Stafford, Sir Edward, i. 46 «., 14a, 


•Teddeman, Sir Thomas, i. 86 «. 


24S ; ii. 60 


Tello, D. Rodrigo. sent to Parma, 


Stanley, Sir William, i. 8s «. 
Starke, Mathew, his cfeposition, 


ii. 354 ; detained, 362 ; returned. 


363 




Terceira, Spanish victory at, i. pp. 


Slates General of the United Pro- 


xxiv, Uv, Ixvi ; iL 381 




Thomas, John, i. 158 


conlribulions, LL 33 


Thomas, Pascoe, his Voyagt to the 


Sionii, a great, 'considering the 


South Seas referred to, i. p. Ixi 


time of year," ii. 68. See Weather 


♦Thomas, William, on the neces- 


Story, Captain, his advertisement. 


sity of a full supply of gunners, 
ii. 258-60 
Thomas of Plymouth, the, burnt at 


Slu'clcy, William, a traitor, ii. 20 


•Sludley, Andrew, Mayor of South- 


Calais, ii. 287, 33? 


ampton, i. 159 




Sun, the, i. -m 


♦Thorns, John, his leilcr to Howard, 


Surgeons, prest by the company of, 


ii. 296' 


i. 66 ; the barber-sui^eon of the 


Tiger, the, survey of, ii, 253 ; note 


Bear accused of papistry, 65 ; is 


on, 336 


a lealous, honest man, 66 


Tiger, the, another ship, ii. 339 


Susan Pamell, the, ii. 338 


Tilbury, boom at, i. 287 n., 298-9 


Sussex, Earl of, i. 14, 322 n. ; ii. 


Toledo, Francisco de, escaped to 




Nteuport, ii. 30 (where he is er- 


119; letter to Walsyngham, i. 


roneously called Bobadiila), 51 


322 ; has sent powder to the 


(where he is, by another error. 


Admiral, ii^. ; desires that powder 
may be sent to Portsmouth, 323 ; 


called Pedro) ; resolves to stick 


to his ship, 367 


powder to be sent to, 338, ii. 88 ; 


Tomson, agent for Archibald Dou- 


letter to the Council, ii. 194 \ 


glas, i. 133 


^— complains of Gray's insolence, 


•Tomson, Richard, i. 233 «., 344 


^L 195 : has sent powder and stores 


«. ; ii. 104-5 ; 'ettcr to Wal- 


^1 to certain ships, 197 ; victualling 


syngham, i. 344; boards the 


^P account of, zir 


San Lorenzo, 347 ; treats with 


■ Swallow, the, i. 11, 16, 55, 66, 79 


D. Pedro de Valdes for the ran- 




som of the prisoners, 11. 215-7 


for, 311 ; note on, 336 


Tomson, Robert, his story, 1. p. 


Swansey, Richard, a messenger, 1. 


XX ; needs corroboration, ib. 


223 


Tonnage, very differently esti- 


^^ Swanson, Richard, a messenger, i. 


mated, 11. 323 


^k 243. 259. Probably the same as 


Townshcnd, Sir Roger, is knighted. 


^1 the preceding 


i. 14 ; has a command in the 


■ Swift, Jasper, i. 363 


fleet, 25 .r ; ii. 96 n. 




Trade, the, a geographical term, i. 


■ of, ii. 2SJ; ooteson,336 


196,215.246,324; ii. 348-9 




Tramontana, the, i. 99 ; note on, ii, 

336 
Treasure, in the armada, ii. 23 ; in 


m 


Talbot, the Bark, burnt at Calais, 


the Rosario, ii. 20. 29, 168; 


ii- 287. 337 


Spanish, to be intercepted, ii. 


Tare up = disparaged, i. 88. Cf. 


167 


Faery Queen, [II. vii. 39 


Treaty, the, a fraud, i. 2ocs 203. 


K Tarry = wail for, ii. 1 3 


See Commissioners 



4i6 



THE SPANISH ARMADA 



♦Trenchard, George, letter to, from 
the Council, i. 334 ; letter to, 
from Burghley, ii. 85 ; to send 
an inventory of stores on board 
the San Salvador, ii. 86 ; letter 
to the Council, 151 ; enclosing 
the inventory, 152; there have 
been great charges, 153. Men- 
tioned, ii. 233, 297 

Triumph, the, i. 10, 11, 97 ; with 
Drake at Gravelines, ii. 2 ; drove, 
ii. 67 ; wants of, 249 ; survey of, 
250 ; note on, 335 

Tydyeman, Henry, i. 86 

Tydyeman, William, i. 86 

Tyrone, Earl of, ii. 274 



♦Ubaldino, Petruccio, relates the 
story of the campaign, ii. 388 ; 
dedicates it to Lord Howard, /i^.; 
it is translated for Ryther, 390 

Ughtred, Henry, a ship owner, ii. 

Unicom of Bristol, the, ii. 338 



*Valdes, D. Pedro de. General of 
the squadron of Andalusia ; his 
account of the proceedings off 
Plymouth, i. xxxviii ; his ship 
dismasted, i. 7-8, ii. 134- 5» 357 ; 
and captured, i. 9, 301, ii. 56, 
135-6 ; ordered to be sent on 
shore, i. 356, 364 ; articles for 
his examination, ii. 25 ; his ex- 
amination, ii. 27 ; his account of 
the proceedings until his capture, 
ii. 133-6 ; is treated with touch- 
ing ransom, ii. 215-7; was de- 
serted, ii. 357-8 ; his residence in 
England, ii. 374-5 ; ransomed, ii. 
384 ; memoir of, ii. 384-5. Letter 
to the King of Spain, ii. 133 ; a 
copy of it sent to Walsyngham, 
ii. 149. Letter to Walsyngham, 
ii. 217. Mentioned 22-3, 355 

Valencera, La Trinidad, of Venice, 
ii. 272, 362, 366, 386 

Valke, M. de, Councillor of Zealand, 
dines with Sir W. Russell, i. 98 

Van der Myle, president of the 



Dutch Council of State, his for- 
cible and wise oration, ii. 32-3 

Vanegas, Luis, ii. 367 

Vanguard, the, at Gravelines, ii. 2, 
lo-i I ; spent her main-top mast, 
46 ; fitting of her cabin, 319, 321, 
323 ; note on, 333. Mentioned, 
». 16, 33 

Vargas, Alonso de, his examination, 
ii. 77 

Vaughan, Captain, ii. 104 

Vaughan, William, a messenger, ii. 
89 

Vavasour, Thomas, ii. 60 «., 335-6 

Velasquez, Juan de, his examina- 
tion, ii. 76 

Venetian ships, sore beaten and in 
danger of sinking, ii. 221 

Victory, the, defects, ii. 249 ; survey, 
251 ; streamers for, 321 ; note on, 
334-5. Mentioned, i. 9-1 1, 16, 
97 ; ii. 2, 322, 339 

Victuallers, for the armada, i. 194 ; 
.ii. 21, 53 

Victuals : cost of, i. 53-4 ; order for, 
68-9 ; scale of, 109, proposal for 
saving, no; estimate for, 113 ; 
Henry VIII.'s practice, p. Iviii, 
137 ^*; two months insufficient, 
149 ; might be provided at Dover, 
181 ; should be supplied for six 
weeks, 184 ; rice purchased for, 
189 ; danger of their not being 
ready, 92 ; danger of being with- 
out at the enemy's coming, p. lix, 
137 ; short supply of, 198 ; danger 
of short supply, 203 ; delayed, 
218 ; getting in, 225 ; fresh, in 
harbour, 244 ; men at six upon 
four, 252, 269 ; misconception 
regarding this, p. Ixi ; common 
practice in the navy, ib, (Cf. 
Tucker's Memoirs of the Earl of 
St Vinceniy i. 230, 241) ; many 
of the ships incomplete, p. Ix, 
294 ; victualling of London ships, 
325 ; want of, 430; ii. 4, 6, 13, 
59 ; allegations concerning this, 
i. p. Iviii-lx ; no provision of, i. 
p. Iviii ; fresh to be provided, ii. 
141 ; extraordinary, issued, ii. 

303 



ViUiers Marshal, besieges Medem- 

blick, i. 83. Mentioned, i. 313 
ViUiers, the preacher, i. 313 
Virgin, God save her, the, ii. 337 
Vison, the Santa Maria de, J. p. 

xlv ; ii. 386 
Vivero Rwirigo de, ii. 367 



•Waad, William, i. 357 
Waker, Hawkyns' man, ii. 97 
Waker!and = Walcheren, i. 286 
Walcheren, probable attack 01 
67 ; well affected to the Que 

♦Wallop, Sir Henry, ii. 269, : 
281, 283, 285 

•Waisyngham, Sir Francis, Prin- 
cipal Secretary of State. Letters 
to Howard, i. 192 ; to Burgh- 
ley, i. 327 ; ii. 69, 82-3 ; to the 
Lord Chancellor, ii. 69 

Walter's Voyagt round the World 
referred to, 1. p. bciii 

Walton, Roger, i. 102 n. 

War : causes of the, with Spain, L 
pp. xiii, xxiii ; comparison of, with 
that of the French Revolution, 
i, p. xxiii ; Hawkyns proposes 
resolute, i. 60 ; open, would ease 
her Majesty's purse, 207 ; Cely 
advocates ' a sharp war and a 
short,' 364 

Ward, his 'pill and drop,' i. p. Ixiii 



I 



Ward, Luke, i. p. 

336 

Ware, accused of piracy, u. 
Warwick, Earl of, i. 308 n. 
Water- works, hard, i. 282 
Watts, Sir John, i. 350 ».; 

340 



183, 



'■ 337, 



Weather ; winter's, i. 81, 86 ; 
stormy, 1, 199, 253-4, 282-3, 33' i 
ii. 2, 3, 45, 163-4 ; will greally 
endanger the Spaniards, 1. 254 ; 
foggy, ii. i6i 

Weather = to windward, i. 19s 

Webb, Nicholas, ii, 235 

Wells, belongs to the port of King's 
Lynn, i. 144 

Wentworth, Thomas, Lord, L 308 n, 

Wcsches[er= Chester, i. 26 

VOL. n. 



'iA 417 

Weymouth, memorials of the Mayor 
and Corporation of, i. 151 ; li. 
15 ; a loivn in part decayed, i. 
152 J ask for some guns, ii. 15 ; 
they are given guns from the San 
Salvador, ii. 86 

Whiddon, Jacob, i. 326 ; ii. 186, 
i89«.,263, 289 

•White, Sir Nicholas, ii. 283. Letter 
to Waisyngham, 284 

White Bear, the. See Bear 

White Lion, the, ii. 338, 340 

*Whyie, Henry ; letter to Wai- 
syngham, ii. 63 ; his ship burnt, 
ib. ; his story of the fight, ib. ; 
on board the Mary Rose, 64 

Wight, Isle of, has no ships St for 
warlike service, i. 131 ; levy of 
money illegal, 132 ; probable 
place for the Spaniards landing, 
190; prize said to be illegally 
sold in, ii. 342 

William of Nassau, Count, i. 352 

Williams, Sir Roger, of the Ad- 
miral's Council, i, 2ion.; with 
Leicester at the camp, 306 ; ab' 
sents himself, 307 ; returns, 321 

Willoughby. Ambrose, i. p. Uxvi 

Winchester, Marquis of, Lord- 
Lieui. of Dorset, letter to the 
Council, deprecating men being 
sent out of the county, i. 316 

Winckfield, John, ii. 211 

Wind ; on July jo, i. p. xxxix ; on 
July 21, ii. 355-6 ; on July 29, ii. 
10, 365 ; onjuly 30, ii. i r, 368 

♦Windebank, Sir Francis, i. 142 n. 

*Windebank, Sir Thomas, L 142 n. 

Wingfeild, Sir John, i. 3i4». 

Wingfield, Richard, ii. 66 

Wishing = requesting, ii. 37 

•WoIley.J., i.317,334 

Woodbridge, should belong to the 
port of Orford, i. 155 

Wrighf s Qfuen Elisabeth and her 
Times referred to, ii, 1 19 

Wright, John, iL 248 

Wright, Nicholas, it. 248 

Wye, Captain, 334 

•Wyllugbby, Lord,!. 3141., 352-3 ; 
ii. 31 «., 72. Letter of, to Wai- 
syngham, ii. 31 



4i8 



THE SPANISH ARMADA 



♦Wyngfield, Sir Robert, i. 153 «. 
♦Wyntcr, Edward, ii. 123; letter 

to Walsyngham, ii. 149 ; wishes 

to serve on shore, ii. 151 
Wynter, George, commands on 

coast of Ireland, i. 188 /r. 
Wynter, John, Burghley's man, i. 

45 
Wynter, John, lieutenant of the 

Vanguard, ii. 12, 44, 123 
♦Wynter, Sir William ; his long ex- 
perience, i. p. X ; his insight into 
the conditions dF naval war, ib, ; 
his account of the battle of 
Gravelines, p. Iv ; iL 7 ; inspects 
the works at Dover, L 82, 180; 
suggests sconces for the defence 
of the Thames, i. 207, 286 ; ii. 
310 ; was at LeiUiin 1544, i. 213 ; 
asks Walsyngham to send him a 
buck, i. 216 ; thanks him for the 
same, 334 ; proposes ships to lie 
at the Nore, 332; charges the 
starboard wing at GravdQnes, ii. 
10; is wounded, 11; ordered 
back, ib, ; speculates as to the 
course the Spaniards may take, 
13 ; ill at ease in bed, 123 ; in 
Council with Howard, 139 ; pre- 
fers charges against Hawkyns, 
266-8 ; his rate of pay, 315 ; con- 



duct for retinue, 318. Men- 
tioned, i. II, 14, 16-17, 24«., 86, 
159, 188, 206, 272, 290; ii. 89, 
108, 121, 157, 162,164, 176, 178, 
184-5, 211, 256, 265, 336-7. 
Letters to Howard, i. 77 ; the 
Principal Officers, i. 80 ; Burgh- 
ley, i. 180; Walsyngham, i. 212, 
332 ; ii. 7> 309 ; the Council, ii. 

44 
Wynter, William, junr., ii. 336 



Yonge, John, ii. 287, 337 

Yorke, Eldmund, with Leicester at 

the camp, i. 307 «. 
Yorke, Gilbert, ii. 335 
Yorke, Rowland, i. 85 /i., 30711. 
Younge, John, i. 158 



Zealand, to arm forth shipping, i. 

213 ; should be looked to, 1. 233 ; 

letter from the States of, to tibe 

Queen, ii. 48 
Zuniga, D. Baltasar de sent with 

a letter to the King of Spain, 

ii* 354; and to give a verbal 

account, 369 
Zutphen, battle of, i. p. xxxi, loi ir. 



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Letters of the first Lord Hood from the West Indies in 
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THE SPANISH ARMADA 



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