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BULLETIN 391

SEPTEMBER, 19S1

THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry

Inspection of Commercial
Fertilizers

Made for the

STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

H. A. DAVIS, M. A. BRUCE and E. E. EASTMAN

THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
DURHAM, N. H.

INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS

Made for the
State Department of Agriculture

The inspection of commercial fertilizers reported in this bulletin was
made under the direction of the Honorable Perley I. Fitts, Commissioner of
Agriculture. Mr. George H. Laramie, Fertilizer Control Supervisor, and Mr.
Harold W. Ayer, Inspector, collected samples of 114 brands of mixed fertilizer
and fertilizer materials which were offered for sale by dealers or had been
delivered to consumers during the year ending June, 1951. The general
character of the brands sampled is shown by the following classification :

Complete fertilizer 68

Phosphoric acid and potash 10

Superphosphate 9

Nitrate of soda 2

Ammonium nitrate 2

Ammonium sulphate 1

Muriate of potash 5

Ground bone 6

Natural manures 8

Tankage 1

Urea 1

Cyanamide 1

THE FERTILIZER LAW

The chief purpose of the official inspection required by the fertilizer law
is to protect the consumer against the misbranded products which doubtless
would soon appear on the market if the sale of the fertilizer was not under state
regulation. The purchaser of fertilizer or fertilizer materials should acquaint
himself with the full text of the law. He should not accept from the dealer
any bag of fertilizer which is not tagged and guaranteed in compliance with the
law. If he does so, it is at his own risk.

The law governing the guarantees and labeling of commercial fertilizers
or fertilizer materials follows:

"Every lot or parcel of commercial fei'tilizer or fertilizer material sold or
offered or exposed for sale within this state shall be accompanied by a plainly
printed statement, clearly and truly certifying the number of net pounds of fer-
tilizer in the package ; the name, brand or trademark under which the fertilizer is
sold; the name and address of the manufacturer or importer; the location of the
factory; and a chemical analysis stating the minimum percentage of nitrogen, of
available phosphoric acid and of water-soluble potash expressed in whole numbers.

"No fertilizer or fertilizer material containing the three essential fertilizing
elements, nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash may be sold or offered for sale
if the total minimum plant food nutrients contained therein is less than fourteen
per cent by weight, provided however that natural animal and bird manures
shall be excepted from the provisions of this section."

Copies of the full text of the law may be obtained from the Fertilizer Con-
trol Supervisor, State House, Concord, N. H. Inquiries concerning the law

and all matters relative to the registration of brands should be addressed to
his office.

The value of a fertilizer depends mainly upon its content of available plant
food, particularly nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash. To correct certain soil
conditions, other plant nutrients are included in fertilizers for specific crops.
Magnesium and boron are two so-called minor elements or plant foods furnished
by some brands of fertilizers for specific cases. Whether or not a fertilizer
contains the guaranteed amount of plant food can be determined only by a
chemical analysis. For this reason it is considered necessary that each brand
of fertilizer offered for sale be officially sampled and analyzed each year. When
failure to meet the guarantee is proved by chemical analysis, the prosecution
or seizure provisions of the law^ may be invoked. The purchaser's refusal to
buy a fertilizer which does not conform to the law will not only assist in the
enforcement of the law but will at the same time insure him the protection of the
law.

USE OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS

It is not within the scope of this bulletin to make recommendations regarding
the use of commercial fertilizers. The Department of Agronomy and the
Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry of the University of New
Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station test soils and conduct experimental
work with various fertilizer materials on hay and crop land. The Department of
Horticulture investigates fertilizer treatments for fruits and vegetables. Much
of this work has been published, and is available for free distribution to residents
of New Hampshire. Address your request to Mail Service, University of New
Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire.

Sta. Cir. 58 Fertilizer Needs of Alfalfa on New Hampshire Soils. 12 pp.
Sta. Cir. 59 Effect of Soil Moisture and Fertilizer Placement on Vitality

of the Potato Seed Piece. 11 pp.
Sta. Cir. 61 Fertility Needs of Dairy Farm Crops in the Connecticut Valley.

12 pp.

Fertilizers for Sweet Corn. 8 pp.

The Response of Clover and Total Forage to Top-Dressing
Fertilizers. 12 pp.

Experiment with Potatoes. 38 pp.

Purchasing Fertilizers in New Hampshire. 31 pp.

Grape Growing in New Hampshire. 11 pp.

Purchasing Lime and Fertilizer. 12 pp.

Cabbage. 4 pp.

Root Crops. 20 pp.

The Home Vegetable Garden. 20 pp.

Culture of Low-Bush Blueberries. 16 pp.

Forage Production and Grain Saving. 8 pp.

Cane Fruit Culture. 8 pp.

Tomatoes for New Hampshire. 20 pp.

Growing Apples in New Hampshire. 32 pp.

While the word fertilizer does not appear in all of the above titles, no
publication is included which does not discuss the use of fertilizer.

Sta.

Cir.

63

Sta.

Cir.

74

Sta.

Bull.

324

Sta.

Bull.

362

Ext.

Cir.

173

Ext.

Cir.

210

Ext.

Cir.

212

Ext.

Cir.

266

Ext.

Cir.

273

Ext.

Cir.

275

Ext.

Cir.

287

Ext.

Cir.

289

Ext.

Cir.

299

Ext.

Bull.

100

SUGGESTED FERTILIZERS FOR NEW HAMPSHIRE

The following table was developed by the members of the Department of
Agronomy and is included in this bulletin with their permission.

Medium

Lbs. per

High

Lbs. per

Crop

Analysis

Acre

Analysis

Acre

Grass Seedings^

5-10-10
*4-12-16

600- 800
400- 500

8-16-16

400-500

Top-Dressing Legumes

0-14-14

600- 800

0-20-20

400-600

Top-Dressing Legumes

and Grasses

5-10-10

700- 800

8-16-16

400-500

Top-Dressing Grasses

7- 7- 7

600- 800

10-10-10

400-600

Corn for Grain or Silage

5-10-10
*4-12- 4
*4-12- 8

1000-1200
400- 600
400- 600

8-16-16

. 600-800

Millet or Sudan

7- 7- 7

600- 800

10-10-10

400-500

Permanent Pasture

0-14-141

500- 700

0-20-20

300-500

5-10-102

500- 600

8-16-16

300-500

Potatoes

5-10-10

2500

8-16-16

1600

4-12-12

2400

5-15-15

2000

Vegetables and

Home Gardens

5-10-10

5- 8- 7

5-10- 5

*4-12- 4

2000
2000
2000
1000

8-16-16

1250

Fruit TreesS

14 lb. of

common nitrogen carrier for

each year of

age of tree,

up to 10 lbs.,

or V2 that amount of am-

monium

nitrate.

* In addition to manure.

1. Safe application on soil suited for clover.

2. To be used where grazing can be controlled.

3. Boron in form of borax on fruit trees, % lb. per tree every three years.

4. 30-35 lbs. of borax per acre prior to seeding alfalfa is advisable.

A. The above recommendations are designed for a guide for use of commercial
fertilizers only.

B. Use all the manure every year. IT IS A VALUABLE FERTILIZER.

C. Fortify manure with superphosphate at the rate of at least 1 lb. per animal
per day.

D. Hen manure should be used at one-half the rate of cow manure.

E. Manure weighs approximately 45 lbs. per cubic foot.

CONFORMITY TO GUARANTEE

The chemical analyses reported in this bulletin were made by the methods
adopted by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists.

Number of brands analyzed 114

Equalling or exceeding all guarantees 64

Deficient in nitrogen only 17

Deficient in available phosphoric acid only 14

Deficient in potash only 10

Deficient in nitrogen and phosphoric acid 2

Deficient in nitrogen and potash 4

Deficient in phosphoric acid and potash 2

Deficient in nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash .... 1

Thirteen brands were guaranteed to contain magnesium oxide. None failed
to meet the guarantee. In general, the overrun in plant food guarantees exceeds
the deficiencies when all brands of a manufacturer are included.

Fertilizers are largely mixtures of highly purified chemicals. Segregation
of these materials in the bag may be expected. To obtain a truly representative
sample of a fertilizer mixture requires careful work. The chemist can accurately
determine the nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash content of the sample sent
to the laboratory. If this sample does not correctly represent the larger lot, the
analytical work is of no use. The obligation of the fertilizer control program is
to see that the manufacturer is supplying the guaranteed amount of plant food
to the consumer. For this reason the sample- must be drawn and analyzed very
carefully so that injustice will not be done to either the consumer or manu-
facturer.

In the tabulation of the analyses in the following pages, deficiencies of
one-half of one per cent or more are shown in red ink. The names of the
manufacturers are arranged alphabetically. The brand names are listed
alphabetically, or numerically by formula, under the manufacturer.

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