Station bulletin

Ilibcral Hxis

ECitttJllojJg

Bulletin 446

September 1957

THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry

INSPECTION OF
COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS

Made for the
STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

H. A. Davis and Ruth Fowler

THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
DURHAM, N. H.

INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS

Made for the
STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

This bulletin reports the analysis of 173 official samples of commercial fer-
tilizers and fertilizer materials submitted for analysis during the year ending
June 30, 1957.

The inspection of commercial fertilizers was made under the direction of
the Honorable Perley I. Fitts, Commissioner of Agriculture. The samples were
collected by Mr. George H. Laramie, Fertilizer Control Supervisor.

Ail questions relating to the New Hampshire Fertilizer Law and the registra-
tion of fertilizers or fertilizer materials prior to sale in the state, should be
directed to the attention of the Fertilizer Control Supervisor, State House,
Concord, New Hampshire. This laboratory is responsible for the analysis only
of official samples as submitted.

The general character of the fertilizer and fertilizer materials sampled is
shown by the following classification.

Complete fertilizer 108

(Of these, 35 also carried a total Magnesium Oxide guar-
antee and 12 specified water-soluble Magnesium Oxide.)

Phosphoric acid and potash 22

(Of these, 6 carried a boron guarantee in addition.)

Nitrogen 3

Nitrogen and phosphoric acid 4

Superphosphate 9

Ammonium Nitrate 2

Milorganite 1

Urea 1

Ground Bone 5

Manure 17

Nitrogen Solution 1

Note: Roger Woodhead assisted with chemical analysis.

THE FERTILIZER LAW

All persons concerned with the manufacture, distribution or use of com-
mercial fertilizers should acquaint themselves with the New Hampshire Com-
mercial Fertilizer Law. A booklet titled "New Hampshire Fertilizer Law and
Rules and Regulations," may be obtained by writing the State Department of
Agriculture, State House, Concord, New Hampshire.

Quotation from the law concerning registration, guarantee and labeling of
Commercial Fertilizers in New Hampshire follows :

Sec. 4: Registration. (a) Each brand and grade of commercial fer-
tilizer shall be registered before being offered for sale, sold or distributed in this
state. The application for registration shall be submitted to the commissioner
on forms furnished by the commissioner, and shall be accompanied by a fee, per
brand, as follows: ten dollars for the phosphoric acid, ten dollars for the nitro-
gen, ten dollars for the potash, and ten dollars for the magnesium oxide, or
other plant food elements, compounds or classes of compounds; contained or
claimed to be in the said brand of fertilizer; but the fee for any brand shall not
exceed twenty-five dollars. All registrations expire on or before Janary 1,
annually. The application shall include the following information in the follow-
ing order: (1) The name and address of the person guaranteeing the fertilizer.
(2) The brand and grade. (3) The guaranteed analysis showing the minimum
percentage of plant food claimed in the following order and form: Total nitro-
gen per cent; available phosphoric acid per cent; soluble potash

per cent; unacidulated mineral phosphatic materials and basic slag shall

be guaranteed as to both total and available phosphoric acid, and the degree of
fineness. In the case of bone, tankage, and other natural organic phosphate

materials, only the total phosphoric acid need be guaranteed. Additional plant
food elements, determinable by chemical methods, may be guaranteed only by
permission of the commissioner by and with the advice of the director of the
agi'icultural experiment station. When any such additional plant foods are
claimed, they shall be included in the guarantee, and shall be subject to inspec-
tion and analysis in accordance with the methods and regulations that may be
prescribed by the commissioner.

(b) A distributor shall not be required to register any brand of commercial
fertilizer which is already registered hereunder by another person.

(c) The plant food content of each and every brand of commercial fer-
tilizer must remain uniform for the period of registration.

Sec. 5: Labeling, (a) Any commercial fertilizer offered for sale or sold
or distributed in this state in bags, barrels, or other containers shall have placed
on or affixed to the container in written or printed form the net weight and the
information required. (1), (2) and (3) of paragraph (a) of section 4 either
(1) on tags affixed to the end of the package between the ears and/or on the
sewed end or (2) directly on the package, (b) If distributed in bulk, a written
or printed statement of the weight and the information required by (1), (2)
and (3) of paragraph (a) of section 4 shall accompany delivery and be supplied
to the purchaser.

Penalty provisions — The Law provides for the levying of a penalty amount-
ing to three times the commercial value of the constituent found deficient when
deficiencies exceeding allowed tolerances are found. The following table of
tolerances as adopted by the State Department of Agriculture is quoted from
the Rules and Regulations of that Department.

Available

Total Nitrogen

Phosphoric Acid

Soluble P(

otash

Guarantee

Deficiency

Guarantee Deficiency

Guarantee

Deficiei

2%

0.20

0-10% inc. 0.40

2%

0.20

3%

0.25

10-25% inc. 0.50

3%

0.30

4%

0.35

Over 25% 0.75

4%

0.40

5-8% inc.

0.40

4-8% inc.

0.50

8-30 7f inc.

0.50

8-20% inc.

0.60

Over 30%

0.75

Over 20%

1.00

The chief purpose of the official inspection of fertilizers is to protect the
consumer against misbranded products that probably would soon appear on the
market if the sale of fertilizer was not under state regulation. If the consumer
accepts fertilizer not labeled in compliance with the law, he does so at his own
risk. He should acquaint himself with the requirements of the law concerning
labeling and be familiar with the terms and symbols used on the label.

A commercial fertilizer generally supplies one or more of three elements:
nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; which are commonly required in relatively
large amounts for plant growth. The percentage of each of these three materials
is usually represented by numerals in designating the grade of a fertilizer.
These percentages are presently expressed in terms of nitrogen, phosphorus
pentoxide and potash and the symbols used are N, PjO.-, and K-0 respectively.
The term phosphoric acid is commonly used when referring to the phosphorus
content.

Under certain conditions, other elements such as magnesium, boron and
other so-called minor elements are needed to correct soil deficiencies in certain
localities. These may be included in the mixed fertilizer.

Much advertising of fertilizer materials packed in small packages is directed
to the attention of the home gardener and growers of house plants. This small
package serves a definite need, however the "miracle" results claimed may not
always be obtained. In general, it is more economical for the gardener to pur-
chase fertilizer of a reliable brand and in reasonably large packages.

All control officials charged with the enforcement of state laws regulating
the sale of commercial fertilizers and fertilizer materials are joined in the Asso-
ciation of American Fertilizer Control Officials. Research workers employed by
State or Federal Agencies engaged in the investigation of fertilizers are also
members of this Association. The object of this organization is to "promote

uniform and effective legislation, definitions, rulings, and enforcement of laws
relating to the control of sale and distribution of mixed fertilizers and fertilizer
materials in the Continent of North America. At the annual meetings of the
Association, reports and recommendations of investigators concerning definitions
of fertilizer materials, use of new products, and problems concerning regulation
of the fertilizer trade are discussed in detail. Fertilizer manufacturers are in-
vited to participate in these discussions and through mutual co-operation, the
farmer is supplied with a product that can be relied upon to do the job expected
in crop production. The official publication of the Association may be obtained
for a small fee through the office of its secretary, B. D. Cloaninger, Clemson,
South Carolina. This booklet contains the official terms describing fertilizer
materials, a proposed model state fertilizer law, as well as the proceedings of the
annual meeting.

Whether or not a fertilizer contains the guaranteed amount of plant food
can be determined only by a chemical analysis. For this reason, it is considered
necessary that each brand of fertilizer offered for sale be officially sampled and
analyzed each year. When failure to meet the guarantee is proved by chemical
analysis, the prosecution or seizure provisions of the law may be invoked. The
purchaser's refusal to buy a fertilizer which does not conform to the law will not
only assist in the enforcement of the law, but will at the same time insure him
the protection of the law.

Control oflficials are giving the matter of excessive ash in sheep and cattle
manure samples their attention. Total ash was determined in each of the 17
samples of dried manure drawn this year. The percent ash found varied from
11.9 Vc to 74. 0*;/. Eleven of the samples had excessive ash content. Excessive
ash content is indicated when the amount is over 30 Vr and adulteration with
sand or "dirt" is likely. Even with high ash content the guarantees are usually
met because the amount of plant food in manures is relatively small. The point
is that manures are bought to supply a considerable amount of organic matter.
A high ash content indicates a relatively low organic matter content. This prob-
lem is being given special attention by New England control officials and it is
expected that some specific recommendations will be presented before the Asso-
ciation of Fertilizer Control Officials in the near future.

USE OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS

It is not within the scope of this department to make recommendations re-
garding the use of commercial fertilizers. The Department of Agronomy and the
Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry of the University of New
Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station test soils and conduct experimental
work with various fertilizer materials on hay and crop land. The Department
of Horticulture investigates fertilizer treatments for fruits and vegetables.
Much of this work has been published, and is available for free distribution to
residents of New Hampshire. Address your request to Mail Service, University
of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire. A list of currently available pub-
lications on fertilization follows:

Growing Apples in New Hampshire.
Growing Vegetables at Home.
Asparagus in New Hampshire.
Growing Potatoes in New Hampshire.
Growing Strawberries in New Hampshire.
Forage Crop Production in New Hampshire.
Care of the Established Lawn.
Culture of Low-Bush Blueberries.
Growing Grapes in New Hampshire.
Cane Fruit Culture.
Tomatoes for New Hampshire.
Experiment with Potatoes.

Soils and Their Crop Adaptation in New Hampshii-e.
Forage Variety Trials in New Hampshire 1951-1956.
New Hampshire Recommendations for Seed, Fertilizer and
Lime.

While the word "fertilizer" does not appear in all of the above titles, none
is included which does not discuss the use of fertilizer.

Ext.

Bull.

100

Ext.

Bull.

104

Ext.

Bull.

105

Ext.

Bull.

118

Ext.

Bull.

125

Ext,

Bull.

129

Ext.

Bull.

130

Ext.

Cir.

275

Ext.

Cir.

309

Ext.

Cir.

310

Ext.

Cir.

314

Sta.

Bull.

324

Sta.

Bull.

424

Sta.

Bull.

439

Fold

er

CONFORMITY OF GUARANTEE

The chemical analyses reported in this bulletin were made by the methods
adopted by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. The following list
indicates the number of samples equaling or failing to meet guarantee :

Number of samples analyzed 173

Equalling or exceeding all guarantees 96

Deficient in nitrogen only 39

(9 subject to penalty)
Deficient in phosphoric acid only 11

(2 subject to penalty)
Deficient in potash 10

(6 subject to penalty)
Deficient in nitrogen and phosphoric acid 5

(2 subject to penalty in both)

(1 subject to penalty in nitrogen)

(2 subject to penalty in phosphoric acid)
Deficient in nitrogen and potash 5

(1 subject to penalty in both)

(2 subject to penalty in potash)

Deficient in phosphoric acid and potash 3

Deficient in nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash 4

(1 subject to penalty in nitrogen and potash)

(1 subject to penalty in potash)

Thirty-five samples were guaranteed to contain magnesium oxide. Of these,
twelve indicated the guarantee in terms of water soluble magnesium oxide. In
these cases total magnesium oxide was not determined. With the exception of
two brands that were found slightly deficient all met the magnesium oxide guar-
antee.

Penalties were assessed on 27 different lots of fertilizers representing 11
grades. Three grades, 0-15-30, 8-16-16, and 10-10-10 were involved in 17 of
the lots assessed. The others were scattering, one or two only of a particular
grade. The penalty clause was invoked in fourteen cases for nitrogen, six cases
for phosphoric acid and eleven cases for potash shortages. These cases are noted
in the table of analyses by bold type and by underline. The manufacturers are
listed alphabetically and the brand names by formula and alphabetically under
the name of the manufacturer.

There are far too many small deficiencies as shown by the fact that only 96
out of 173 samples met all guarantees. This problem is of serious concern and
considerable co-operative work is underway to solve the problem. Fertilizers
are largely mixtures of chemicals. Segregation of these materials in the bag is
difficult to prevent. Modern methods of fertilizer manufacture are doing much
to process the fertilizer in such a way that segregation will be avoided. The
solution of this problem is difficult. To obtain a truly representative sample of a
fertilizer mixture requires careful work. The chemist can accurately determine
the nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash content of the sample sent to the
laboratory. If this sample does not correctly represent the larger lot, the analy-
tical work is of no use. The obligation of the fertilizer control program is to see
that the manufacturer is supplying the guaranteed amount of plant food to the
consumer. For this reason, the sample must be drawn and analyzed very care-
fully so that injustice will not be done to either the consumer or manufacturer.

4

COMMERCIAL VALUE OF FERTILIZERS

Section 10 of the New Hampshire Fertilizer Law of 1955, states "For the
purpose of determining the commercial values to be applied under the provisions
of Section 7, the Commission shall determine and publish annually, the values
per pound of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash in commercial fertilizers in
this state. The values so determined and published shall be used in determining
and assessing penalties."

After consulting the fertilizer manufacturers selling the major tonnage of
fertilizer in New Hampshire, the Commissioner established and the Agricultural
Advisory Board approved on March 18, 1957, the following commercial values
per pound of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash:

$3.00 per Unit or 15(f per pound of Nitrogen.

$2.00 per Unit or 10^ per pound of Phosphoric Acid.

$1.20 per Unit or 6<f per pound of Potash.

March 19, 1957

The New Hampshire Department of Agriculture

Concord, New Hampshire

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14

The following information was furnished by Control Supervisor.

The following fertilizer products were unregistered with the New Hamp-
shire Department of Agriculture at the time they were exposed for sale. Samples
were not drawn.

Clinton Nurseries

New Era Cow Manure 2-1-2
New Era Rose Food 5-10-5

International Minerals & Chemical Corp.
International Bone Meal 2.47-23-0

Sears Roebuck & Co.

Cross Country Azalea-Camellia Food 7-7-7

Victor Chemical Works

Take Hold Plant Starter 10-52-17

Consolidated Rendering Co.

Corenco Sheep Manure 2-1-2

Corenco Rhododendron-Azalea-Blueberry Special 7-7-7

Clinton, Conn.

Woburn, Mass.
Chicago 7, 111.
Chicago, 111.
Boston, Mass.

15

630. 72

N532

no. 426-450

DATE DUE

HOV 4 -^^4

■AY 19^

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